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HERRINGSHAW'S 


ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF 


AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY 


NINETEENTH   CENTURY. 


ACCURATE  AND    SUCCINCT    BIOGRAPHIES    OF 

FAMOUS    MEN  AND  WOMEN     IN    ALL    WALKS    OF    LIFE  WHO  ARE    OR   HAVE    BEEN    THE  ACKNOWLEDGED 
LEADERS    OF    LIFE    AND    THOUGHT    OF    THE     UNITED    STATES    SINCE     ITS     FORMATION, 
ENTIRELY  COVERING  THE  FIELD  OF  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE,  HISTORY,  POL 
ITICS,  COMMERCE.  AND  THE  MECHANICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  ARTS. 


ILLUSTRATED    WITH    PORTRAITS. 


EDITED    AND    COMPILED    UNDER    THE    SUPERVISION    OF 

THOMAS    WILLIAM    HERRINGSHAW, 

AUTHOR    OF    HOME    OCCUPATIONS,    PROMINENT    MEN    AND    WOMEN     OF    THE    DAY,    AIDS    TO    LITERARY    SUCCESS,     MULIEROLOGY,    LOCAL    AND 

NATIONAL    POETS    OF    AMERICA,    AND    OTHER    WORKS, 

ASSISTED    BY 

A  CORPS  OF  WELL  KNOWN  WRITERS. 


BUT    THERE    ARE    DEEDS    WHICH    SHALL    NOT    PASS    AWAY, 
AND    NAMES   THAT    MUST    NOT    WITHER,    THOUGH    THE    EARTH 
FORGETS    HER    EMPIRES    WITH    A    JUST    DECAY.        '        '  BYRON. 


CHICAGO,   ILL.: 

AMERICAN    PU  BLI  SHERS'  ASSOCIATION 

1898. 


ENTERED    ACCORDING    TO    ACT    OF    CONGRESS, 

IN    THE    YEAR    1898, 
BY 

THOMAS    WILLIAM     HERRINGSHAW, 

IN    THE    OFFICE    OF 

THE    LIBRARIAN    OF    CONGRESS, 
AT  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


GIFT 

Y* — ~*o 


tt>'s   American  Biography 

IS 

RESPECTFULLY   DEDICATED 

WITH    MANY    THANKS, 
TO     THE 

3£v00vcsstvrc  BXcu  of  £if  c  and  glt 

OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

FOR    THE    ASSISTANCE    THEY    HAVE    RENDERED 
IN    ITS    PUBLICATION 


UJilltam  £)erringsl)at». 


M72588I 


PREFACE. 


The  Nineteenth  Century  has  been  a  period  of  activity  and  of  hitherto  unparalleled  achieve 
ments  that  have  been  manifested,  especially  in  America,  by  the  great  progress  made  in  every  line  of 
human  effort.  And  now  that  this  wonderful  era  has  drawn  to  a  close,  the  time  was  ripe,  before  the 
passage  of  years  had  worn  off  the  sharpness  of  impressions,  to  collect  and  perpetuate  the  mines  and 
deeds  of  those  who  merit  commemoration. 

In  the  conception  of  Herringshaw's  Encyclopedia  of  American  Biography,  we  have  been  in 
fluenced  chiefly  by  the  knowledge  that  although  nearly  every  nation  has  its  own  Encyclopedia  of 
Biography,  the  United  States  has  not  produced  one  distinctively  its  own.  In  all  Encyclopedias  of 
American  Biography  so  much  space  has  been  given  to  extended  biographies,  and  so  much  to  noted  men 
of  foreign  countries,  that  to  make  room  for  them  the  publishers  have  entirely  ignored  the  biographies 
of  thousands  of  noted  American  Authors,  Poets,  Journalists,  Publishers,  Clergymen,  Reformers,  Ed 
ucators,  Lecturers,  Lawyers,  Jurists,  Soldiers,  Statesmen,  Musicians,  Singers.  Painters,  Sculptors, 
Scientists,  Philosophers,  Inventors,  Explorers,  Successful  Merchants,  Manufacturers  and  Builders,  and 
men  and  women  in  all  walks  of  life,  who  are  worthy  of  representation  in  a  work  of  this  character. 

An  Encyclopedia  of  American  Biography  that  contains  the  names  of  but  one-half  of  the  noted 
personages  of  the  L'nited  States  is  as  inadequate  to  meet  public  requirements  as  a  dictionary  would  be 
that  contained  but  one-half  the  words  of  the  English  language.  Neither  is  a  ponderous  work  of  sev 
eral  volumes  suitable  for  the  general  use  of  the  public.  Hence, taking  all  these  things  into  consid 
eration,  there  was  an  open  field  for  this  work ;  and  the  close  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  made  the  time 
an  especially  appropriate  and  auspicious  one  for  its  publication. 

What  was  wanted  was  an  Encyclopedia  of  American  Biography  that  would  be  a  standard  book 
of  biographical  reference  for  the  American  people,  as  Webster's  Unabridged  Dictionary  is  a  stand 
ard  on  Orthography — accurate,  concise  and  complete.  Accordingly,  the  design  of  this  work  has  been  to 
give  in  one  volume  a  manual  of  reference  containing  in  a  condensed  form  appropriate  notices  of  all  per 
sons  who  have  risen  to  any  considerable  degree  of  prominence.  Altlwugh  ostensibly  the  work  was 
to  be  confined  to  biographies  of  noted  men  and  women  who  are  living  or  have  lived  in  the  Nine 
teenth  Century,  it  has  been  given  a  wider  scope,  in  order  to  make  it  more  complete,  by  including  all  the 
more  distinguished  personages  from  the  earliest  settlement  of  the  United  States. 

The  most  attractive  form  of  history  is  biography,  which  perpetuates  the  memory  of  individuals, 
and,  while  aptly  illustrating  the  conduct  of  life,  conveys  important  lessons.  History,  it  has  been  well 
said,  does  not  much  regard  fertile  soil  or  material  wealth ;  but  the  admirable  men  and  women  that  a 
country  produces — they  are  the  glory  of  the  country.  In  every  city,  town  and  village  are  men  and 
women  of  character  and  influence,  who  have  contributed  by  their  enterprise  and  thrift,  by  their  activity 
and  sagacity  in  business,  their  zeal  in  educational,  in  religious,  and  in  political  matters,  to  the  moral 
and  spiritual  advancement  as  well  as  to  the  material  prosperity  of  the  community  in  which  they  live. 

What  man  has  done  man  may  do.  Biographies  of  representative  people,  intimately  connected 
with  the  development  of  the  resources  of  their  country,  illustrate  what  energy,  with  a  firm  will  and  fixed 
purpose,  has  hitherto  accomplished  and  can  yet  achieve. 

As  the  failure  to  consider  the  lives  of  men  of  affairs  as  of  historical  importance  is  a  defective 
feature  of  the  great  biographical  works  heretofore  published,  a  special  feature  of  this  work  has  been 
to  include  the  lives  of  the  great  pioneers,  merchants,  manufacturers,  railroad  builders,  and  other  prac 
tical  men  who  have  developed  the  mines,  forests  and  farms,  built  the  railroads,  steamboat  lines  and  can 
als,  set  afloat  and  managed  the  shipping,  organized  the  corporations,  and  introduced  the  new  processes 
in  science  and  mechanics,  which  have  so  greatly  reduced  the  cost  and  promoted  the  comfort  of  living, 
while  contributing  to  the  power  and  prestige  of  the  nation  itself.  They  have  founded  the  great  mu- 


11  PREFACE. 

seums,  erected  statues,  libraries  and  reading  rooms;  and  it  is  by  them  that  the  colleges,  schools  and 
philanthropic  institutions  are  built  and  maintained ;  and  it  surely  is  befitting  that  their  records  should 
be  preserved  for  all  time. 

In  preparing  this  Encyclopedia,  the  compiler  has  restricted  his  description  to  sketches  merely 
biographical,  and  has  not  criticised  the  individual,  nor  reviewed  his  attainments.  But  brief  as  are  these 
biographical  sketches,  they  are  certainly  a  medium  of  introduction  to  the  reader,  especially  when  ac 
companied  with  a  portrait ;  as  from  the  combination  of  portrait  and  biography  the  utmost  degree  of 
utility  and  pleasure  may  be  derived.  The  contemplation  of  a  portrait  creates  a  desire  to  know  more  of 
the  subject ;  and  reading  of  the  attainments  of  a  person,  makes  the  reader  anxious  to  behold  his  counte 
nance — hence  one  supplies  the  absence  of  the  other. 

Herringshaw's  Encyclopedia  of  American  Biography  comprises  a  varied  collection  of  names 
that  has  cost  infinite  pains  and  expense  to  obtain,  containing  as  it  does  the  lives  and  achievements  of 
more  than  twenty-five  thousand  famous  men  and  women  in  all  walks  of  life  who  are*  or  have  been  the 
acknowledged  leaders  of  life  and  thought  of  the  United  States  since  its  formation,  entirely  covering  the 
field  of  literature,  science,  history,  politics,  commerce,  and  the  mechanical  and  industrial  arts.  In  con 
sequence  of  the  almost  inaccessibility  of  facts  concerning  the  lives  of  many  of  the  subjects  contained  in 
this  work,  the  daily  press,  current  magazines,  and  hundreds  of  genealogical  and  biographical  works  have 
been  largely  drawn  upon  for  material,  and  thus  many  important  facts  and  interesting  reminiscences  have 
been  rescued  from  oblivion  that  add  greatly  to  the  value  of  the  work. 

Herringshaw's  Encyclopedia  of  American  Biography  includes  succinct  biographies  of  all  the 
Presidents  and  Vice-Presidents  of  the  United  States;  every  member  of  all  the  cabinets;  every  United 
States  Senator  and  Speaker  of  the  House;  every  United  States  Congressman;  every  member  of  the 
Supreme  Court ;  every  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence ;  the  Governors  of  the  States  and  Terri 
tories  ;  all  the  Authors,  Poets  and  Composers :  all  the  eminent  Clergymen,  Judges,  Lawyers ;  all  the 
Admirals  and  distinguished  naval  officers;  all  the  Generals  and  distinguished  army  officers;  while  no 
name  eminent  in  Literature,  Art,  Music,  Science  or  Invention  has  been  omitted. 

The  courteous  co-operation  and  words  of  praise  received  from  prominent  people  throughout  the 
United  States,  confirmed  the  opinion  that  the  public  was  sufficiently  alive  to  the  value  and  importance 
of  such  a  work,  and  the  lasting  benefit  to  be  derived  from  placing  their  names,  side  by  side  with  those 
of  our  most  honored  ones,  in  a  volume  that  will  be  found  in  public  libraries  and  reading  rooms  through 
out  the  world,  and  which  is  ultimately  destined  to  go  down  to  posterity  as  an  enduring  record  of  the 
most  eminent  people  of  the  United  States ;  bearing  in  mind  that  without  such  a  record  sorne  of  the  most 
illustrious  names  would  be  lost  in  oblivion,  and  their  posterity  deprived  of  the  gratification  and  ad 
vantage  of  reference  to  so  honorable  an  ancestry. 

After  three  years  of  arduous  labor  we  have  succeeded  beyond  our  expectations  in  compiling  the 
most  important  and  comprehensive  work  of  the  century — a  monumental  record  which  is  a  credit  to  the 
nation  and  to  the  world,  and  will  prove  to  be  more  lasting  than  inscriptions  on  stone,  and  more  enduring 
than  shafts  of  marble. 

We  cannot  conclude  without  reiterating  our  grateful  acknowledgments  to  our  numerous  friends 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  not  only  for  valuable  information  of  various  kinds,  but  still  more  for 
the  generous  words  of  encouragement  which  we  have  received  from  them  during  our  long  and  arduous 
labors.  \Ye  feel  confident  that  this  general  expression  of  our  gratitude  will  be  more  acceptable  to  most 
<>i  them  than  a  more  particular  and  open  acknowledgment  of  their  disinterested  kindness. 

For  the  material  aid  and  courteous  co-operation  of  the  press  and  public,  especially  contributors  and 
their  friends  who  have  so  kindly  furnished  genealogical  works  and  data,  clippings  from  newspapers  and 
magazines,  manuscripts  and  other  material,  our  thanks  are  freely  and  sincerely  given.  Indeed,  without 
such  co-operation.  Herringshaw's  Encyclopedia  of  American  Biography  could  scarcely  have  assumed 
its  present  magnitude. 

THOMAS  WILLIAM  HERRINGSHAW. 

Chicago,  111.,  Nov.  24,  1898. 


s'  Jlote. 


MISTAKES  WILL  UNDOUBTEDLY  BE  FOUND  IN  THIS 
VOLUME,  BUT  THEY  EXIST  NOT  FOR  WANT  OF  PAINS 
TAKING  EFFORTS  TO  AVOID  THEM,  BUT  GENERALLY  FROM 
IMPKRFF.CT  MANUSCRIPTS  OR  CONFLICTING  STATEMENTS 
OK  STANDARD  AUTHORITIES.  WHAT  IS  WORTH  RECORD 
ING  AT  ALL,  IS  WORTH  RECORDING  CAREFULLY  AND  COR 
RECTLY;  AND  WHEN  MISTAKES  ARE  DISCOVERED,  A  MEM 
ORANDUM  OF  THE  ERRORS  SHOULD  AT  ONCE  BE  SENT  TO 
THE  AMERICAN  PUBLISHERS'  ASSOCIATION  OF  CHICAGO, 
FOR  CORRECTION  IN  FUTURE  EDITIONS  OF  THIS  WORK 


Lives  of  great  men  all  remind  us 
ll'e  can  make  our  lives  sublime, 

And,  departing,  leave  behind  us 
Footprints  on  the  sands  of  time. 


HERRINGSHAW'S   ENCYCLOPEDIA 


OF 


AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


AARON,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  in  1800  in  New  Brit 
ain,  Pa.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  and 
educator  of  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.,  and  prom 
inent  as  an  anti-slavery  advocate.  He 
published  a  number  of  popular  text-books, 
and  was  the  author  of  Faithful  Transla 
tion.  He  died  April  11,  1865,  in  Mount 
Holly,  N.  J. 

ABADIE,  EUGENE  H.,  surgeon,  was 
born  about  1814  in  France.  In  1836  he 
entered  the  medical  corps  of  the  United 
States  army,  and  in  1853  was  promoted 
surgeon.  In  1865  he  became  chief  medi 
cal  officer  of  the  military  division  of  west 
Mississippi;  in  1866  medical  director  of 
the  department  of  Missouri;  and  lastly 
acting  assistant  medical  purveyor  at  St. 
Louis.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  had 
seen  more  years  of  actual  service  than 
any,  save  two,  of  the  army  surgeons.  He 
died  Dec.  12,  1874,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

ABBADIE,  D",  governor  of  Louisiana, 
was  born  about  1710.  He  was  sent  to 
America  by  Louis  XV  of  France,  to  take 
charge  of  certain  royal  business  interests 
in  New  Orleans,  and  was  granted  military 
authority  over  the  affairs  of  the  province. 
He  died  Feb.  4,  1765,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

ABBATT,  AGNES  DEAN,  artist,  was 
born  June  23,  1847,  in  New  York  city. 
She  has  given  special  attention  to  the 
painting  of  chrysanthemums,  and  her 
most  noteworthy  pictures  are:  When  Au 
tumn  Turns  the  Leaves;  and  The  Last  of 
the  Flowers.  In  the  landscape  field  she 
has  confined  her  work  mostly  to  rural 
scenes  in  Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 

ABBE,  CLEVELAND,  astronomer,  me 
teorologist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1838, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  director  of  the 
Cincinnati  observatory;  and  in  1871  be 
came  professor  of  meteorology  in  the  na 
tional  weather  bureau  and  has  since  con 
tinued  in  that  position.  The  more  im 
portant  of  his  many  publications  include 
Solar  Spots  and  Terrestrial  Temperature; 
A  Plea  for  Terrestrial  Physics;  Atmos 
pheric  Radiation;  Treatise  on  Meteoro 
logical  Apparatus;  and  Preparatory  Stud 
ies  for  Deductive  Methods  in  Meteorology. 

ABBE,  FREDERICK  RANDOLPH, 
clergyman,  poet,  was  born  in  1827  in  Con 
necticut.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  in  Massachusetts;  and  the  author  of 
The  Temple  Rebuilt,  a  poem  of  Christian 
faith.  He  died  in  1889. 

ABBETT,  LEON,  lawyer,  legislator,  jur 
ist,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1826,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1862  he  settled  in 
Hoboken,  N.  J.,  in  the  practice  of  law; 
and  in  1863  was  appointed  corporation  at 
torney.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  New  Jersey  legislature; 
was  re-elected  in  1865;  was  again  elected 
to  the  same  position  in  1868,  and  was 
chosen  speaker  of  the  house.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  both  positions  in  1869;  was 
corporation  counsel  for  Bayonne  City  and 


the  town  of  Union;  and  in  1872  was  a 
delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  state 
senator;  and  in  1876  became  corporation 
counsel  of  Jersey  City,  to  which  place  he 
had  removed  in  1866.  In  1883  he  was 
elected  governor  of  New  Jersey  for  the 
term  of  three  years;  and  in  1893  he  was 
appointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court. 
ABBEY,  EDWIN  AUSTIN,  artist,  was 
born  in  1852  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  en 
tered  the  employ  of  Harper  and  Brothers 
of  New  York  city  as  an  illustrator  to 
Harpers'  Magazine.  He  has  attracted 
considerable  attention  as  a  water-colorist 
by  such  pictures  as  The  Widow;  and 
Reading  the  Bible. 

ABBEY,  EVERETT  L.,  educator,  auth 
or,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1855,  in  Mayfield, 
Ohio.  He  graduated  from  Wooster  Uni 
versity  in  1880,  and  in  1890  traveled  in 
Europe.  He  is  a  successful  educator  of 
Cambridge,  Ohio;  and  the  author  of  The 
Passion  Play. 

ABBEY,  HENRY,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  July  11,  1842,  in  Rondout,  N.  Y.  He 
studied  at  Kingston  Academy  and^at  the 
Hudson  River  Insti 
tute  in  Columbia 
county.  His  first 
collection  of  poems, 
entitled  May  Dreams, 
was  published  in 
1862.  For  many 
years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  journalism 
in  New  York  city, 
where  he  is  also  con 
nected  with  several 
financial  institutions. 
He  is  the  author  of 
Ballads  of  Good  Deeds;  The  City  of  Suc 
cess;  May  Dreams;  Ralph  and  Other 
Poems;  Stories  in  Verse;  and  The  Poems 
of  Henry  Abbey.  The  poem  Ralph  is  con 
sidered  one  of  his  best. 

ABBEY,  HENRY  EUGENE,  dramatic 
manager,  was  born  June  27,  1846,  in  Ak 
ron,  Ohio.  He  began  life  as  clerk  in  his 
father's  jewelry  store;  rose  to  partner 
ship;  and  in  1873  succeeded  to  the  busi 
ness.  In  1869  he  leased  the  Akron  theater, 
which  he  managed  with  so  much  success 
that  in  1876  he  also  leased  the  Park  thea 
ter  of  New  York  city,  and  from  that  time 
forward  devoted  his  energies  entirely  to 
dramatic  affairs.  He  is  now  the  manager 
of  Abbey's  theater  and  the  Metropolitan 
opera  house  of  New  York  city;  and  of 
the  Tremont  theater  of  Boston,  Mass. 

ABBEY,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  theolog 
ian,  author,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1805,  in 
Genesee  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  promin 
ent  clergyman  of  the  southern  methodist 
church,  among  whose  many  theological 
and  controversial  writings  are:  End  of 
the  Apostolical  Succession;  Creed  of  All 
Men;  Diuturnity;  Ecce  Ecclesia,  a  Reply 
to  Ecce  Homo;  and  The  City  of  God  and 
the  Church  Makers. 


ABBOT,  ABIEL,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  14,  1765,  in  Wilton,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  of  Con 
necticut  and  Massachusetts;  and  the  auth 
or  of  a  History  of  Andover;  and  a  Gene 
alogy  of  the  Abbot  Family.  He  died  Jan. 
31,  1859,  in  West  Cambridge,  Mass. 

ABBOT,  ABIEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  17,  1770,  in  Andover,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Beverly,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Let 
ters  From  Cuba.  He  died  June  7,  1828, 
on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

ABBOT,  EZRA,  theologian,  author,  was 
born  April  28,  1819,  in  Jackson,  Maine.  He 
was  a  Unitarian  biblical  scholar  of  much 
prominence,  who  was  for  many  years  a 
professor  in  the  Divinity  school  of  Har 
vard  university,  and  widely  known  for  the 
extent  of  his  bibliographical  acquire 
ments.  He  was  the  author  of  Literature 
of  the  Doctrine  of  a  Future  Life;  Authen 
ticity  of  the  Fourth  Gospel;  and  The 
Fourth  Gospel  and  Other  Critical  Essays. 
He  died  March  21,  1884,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

ABBOT,  FRANCIS  ELLINGWOOD, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1836,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  a  religious  and  philosophical 
thinker  of  advanced  views;  for  some 
years  editor  of  The  Index,  of  Cambridge; 
and  the  author  of  Scientific  Theism;  and 
The  Way  Out  of  Agnosticism. 

ABBOT,  GORHAM  DUMMER,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1807, 
in  Hallowell,  Maine.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman,  long  an  educator  of 
New  York  city,  and  a  brother  of  Jacob 
Abbott,  but  returned  to  an  older  spelling 
of  his  surname.  He  was  the  author  of 
Prayer-Book  for  the  Young;  Pleasure  and 
Profit;  and  The  Family  at  Home.  He  died 
July  31,  1874,  in  South  Natick,  Mass. 

ABBOT,  HENRY  LARCOM,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  13, 
1831,  in  Beverly,  Mass.  He  is  a  general 
in  the  United  States  army, -and  of  prom 
inence  as  an  engineer.  Besides  several 
series  of  Professional  Papers,  his  writings 
include  Lectures  on  the  Defence  of  the 
Sea  Coast  of  the  United  States;  and 
Physics  and  Hydraulics  of  the  Mississippi 
River. 

ABBOT,  JOEL,  congressman,  was  born 
March  17,  1766,  in  Fairfield,  Conn.,  and 
emigrated  to  Georgia.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Wilkes 
county  from  1817  to  1825.  He  died  Nov. 
19,  1826,  in  Washington,  Ga. 

ABBOT,  JOEL,  naval  officer,  was  born 
Jan.  18,  1793,  in  Westford,  Mass.  Con 
gress  voted  him  a  handsome  sword  for 
gallantry  in  action  off  Cumberland  Head 
on  Sept.  11,  1814,  and  he  was  also  promot 
ed  lieutenant.  In  1852  he  commanded  the 
Macedonian  in  the  Japan  expedition,  and 
succeeded  Commodore  Perry  as  flag-of 
ficer  of  the  squadron.  He  died  Dec.  1, 
1855,  in  Hong  Kong,  China. 


18 


HERRI  NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ABBOT,  JOHN,  educator,  librarian, 
financier.  In  1784  he  graduated  from 
Bowdoin  college,  and  during  1787-92  was 
a  tutor  in  Harvard 
college.  For  fourteen 
years  he  filled  a  pro 
fessorship  in  Bow 
doin  college,  and 
subsequently  became 
a  trustee  and  the 
T *  college  treasurer. 
>•  ...''  For  more  than  a 

^fc  quarter  of  a  cen- 
.jO}'  tury  he  was  an 
^B  •  .'  officer  of  Bowdoin 

Jj^  college,  as  professor, 
librarian,  and  treas 
urer.  For  over  half  a  century  he  was 
actively  identified  with  the  progressive 
welfare  of  his  alma  mater,  and  attained  a 
national  reputation  in  the  educational 
world.  He  died  in  1843  in  Andover,  Mass. 

ABBOT,  JOSEPH  HALE,  educator,  was 
born  Sept.  26,  1802,  in  Wilton,  N.  H.  He 
graduated  from  Bowdoin  college  in  1822; 
was  tutor  there  In  1825-27;  and  from  1827 
to  1833  professor  of  mathematics  and 
teacher  of  modern  languages  in  Phillips 
Exeter  academy.  He  then  taught  a  school 
for  young  ladies  in  Boston,  and  subse 
quently  became  principal  of  the  high 
school  of  Beverly,  Mass.  He  paid  much 
attention  to  the  solving  of  pneumatic  and 
hydraulic  problems,  and  published  In 
genious  and  original  speculations  on  these 
subjects.  He  died  April  7,  1873,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

ABBOT,  WILLIS  JOHN,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1863  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  Blue  Jackets  of  1776;  Blue 
Jackets  of  1812;  Blue  Jackets  of  1861, 
three  volumes  of  history  for  young  people; 
Battle  Fields  of  1861;  Battle  Fields  and 
Camp  Fires;  Battle  Fields  and  Victory; 
and  Life  of  Carter  Harrison. 

ABBOTT,  ALEXANDER  C.,  physician, 
educator,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1860,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  Is  the  chief  of  division  of 
bacteriology,  pathology,  and  disinfection 
of  the  bureau  of  health  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  and  fills  the  chair  of  hygiene  in  the 
Pennsylvania  university. 

ABBOTT,  AMOS,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1786,  in  Andover, 
Mass.  He  was  educated  at  a  district 
school,  but  spent  the  most  of  his  life  as 
a  trader  and  merchant.  During  the  years 
1835,  1836,  and  1842,  he  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Massachusetts  legislature;  from 
1840  to  1842  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate;  and  represented  his  native  state 
tn  congress  from  1843  to  1849.  He  died 
Nov.  2,  1868,  in  Andover,  Mass. 

ABBOTT,  ARTHUR  VAUGHAN,  elec 
trician,  author,  was  born  in  1854  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  civil,  electrical,  and  me 
chanical  engineer  of  Chicago;  and  the 
author  of  Electrical  Transmission  of  En 
ergy;  The  Evolution  of  a  Switchboard; 
History  and  Use  of  Testing  Machines;  and 
Treatise  on  Fuel. 

ABBOTT,  ASA  T.,  soldier,  educator,  was 
born  In  Sidney,  Maine.  He  served  as  a 
union  Mildier  in  the  civil  war  in  the  first 
ri'Kimont.  Minnesota  volunteer  infantry. 
In  1867  he  was  appointed  military  com 
mandant  of  Shattuck  Military  school  oy 
the  secretary  of  war;  and  under  his  com 
mand  it  has  been  placed  at  the  very  head 
of  the  military  schools  in  the  United 
States. 

ABBOTT,  AUSTIN,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  18,  1831,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city;  and  was 
dean  of  the  Law  school  of  New  York 
university  at  the  time  of  his  death.  Be 
sides  preparing  several  works  with  his 


brother  Benjamin,  he  published  Legal 
Remembrancer,  Principles  and  Forms  of 
Practice  in  Civil  Actions  in  Courts  ot 
Record;  The  Law  of  Evidence;  Select 
Cases  on  Code  Pleading;  and  a  Digest 
of  New  York  Statutes.  These  legal  com 
pilations  are  of  great  value  to  the  pro 
fession.  He  died  in  1896. 

ABBOTT,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1732  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  The 
story  of  his  life  has  for  a  century  been 
a  typical  one  for  the  methodists,  of  which 
denomination  he  was  an  early  apostle. 
He  died  Aug.  14,  1796,  in  Salem,  N.  J. 

ABBOTT,  BENJAMIN  VAUGHAN, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  June  4,  1830,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Law  Dic 
tionary;  Traveling  Law  School  and  Fam 
ous  Trials;  First  Lessons  in  Government 
and  Law;  Patent  Laws  of  All  Nations; 
Year-Book  of  Jurisprudence  for  1880;  and 
Judge  and  Jury.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1890, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

ABBOTT,  CHARLES  CONRAD,  physi 
cian,  naturalist,  author,  was  born  June  4, 
1843,  in  Trenton,  N.  J.  He  is  a  naturalist 
and  physician  of  Trenton,  whose  writings 
show  a  very  close  and  sympathetic  ob 
servation  of  nature.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Stone  Age  in  New  Jersey;  Primitive 
Industry;  A  Naturalist's  Rambles  about 
Home;  Cyclopredia  of  Natural  History; 
Upland  and  Meadow;  Wasteland  Wan 
derings;  The  Birds  About  Us;  Days  Out 
of  Doors;  Outings  at  Odd  Times;  Recent 
Rambles;  Travels  in  a  Treetop;  Notes 
of  the  Night;  A  Colonial  Wooing,  a  novel; 
and  Bird-Land  Echoes. 

ABBOTT,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  edu- 
rator,  author,  was  born  in  1811  in  Maine. 
He  was  an  educator  in  Connecticut;  and 
the  author  of  Down  the  Hill;  and  Village 
Boys.  He  died  in  1880. 

ABBOTT,  DAVID,  pioneer,  was  born 
Dec.  5,  1765,  in  Brookfield,  Mass.  In  1808 
he  became  the  first  land-owner  in  what  is 
now  Erie  county.  He  died  in  1822. 

ABBOTT,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  15,  1841,  in  Farming- 
ton,  Maine.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  St.  James  episcopal  church  of 
Cambridge,  but  prior  to  1878  a  congrega 
tional  minister  and  editor  of  The  Congre- 
gationalist.  He  is  the  editor  of  The  Liter 
ary  World;  and  the  author  of  Dialogues 
of  Christ;  The  Long  Look  series  of  ju 
venile  tales;  A  Trip  Eastward;  Revolu 
tionary  Times;  Paragraph  History  of  the 
United  States;  and  Paragraph  History  of 
the  American  Revolution. 

ABBOTT,  ELIZABETH  ROBINSON, 
educator,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1852.  She 
has  been  eminently  successful  in  kinder 
garten  work;  and  is  secretary  of  the  Con 
necticut  Valley  Kindergarten,  association. 
She  is  well  known  as  a  writer  and  speak 
er,  and  was  the  chief  founder  of  the  Wom 
an's  club  of  Waterbury,  Conn. 

ABBOTT,  EMMA  A.,  vocalist,  was  born 
Dec.  9,  1849,  in  Chicago,  111.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  a  music  teacher,  and  was  edu 
cated  in  part  by  the  aid  of  Clara  Louise 
Kellogg.  She  sang  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  in  an  incredibly  short  time 
amassed  a  fortune.  Although  married  to 
Mr.  E.  J.  Wetherill,  she  always  retained 
her  maiden  name.  She  died  Jan.  4,  1891, 
in  Ogden,  Utah;  and  was  buried  in  Glou 
cester,  Mass. 

ABBOTT,  FRANK,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  5,  1836,  in  Shapleigh, 
Maine.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
district  and  high  schools  of  his  native 
town,  and  at  the  university  of  the  City  of 
New  York.  He  has  attained  eminence  as 
a  great  physician,  and  for  more  than  a 


quarter  of  a  century  has  been  professor 
and  dean  of  faculty  of  the  New  York  Col 
lege  of  Dentistry.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  well-known  works. 

ABBOTT,  JACOB,  educator,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1803,  in  Hallo- 
well,  Maine.  He  was  an  educator  of  New 
England,  who  was  a  voluminous  and 
popular  writer  for  young  people.  Among 
his  numerous  writings  the  best  known 
are  The  Franconia  Stories;  Marco 
Paul's  Adventures;  The  Rollo  Books; 
Histories  of  Celebrated  Sovereigns;  and 
Harper's  Story  Books.  Few  writers 
have  given  to  the  public  a  great 
er  number  of  volumes.  He  has  ad 
dressed  himself  principally  to  the  young, 
with  whom  his  works  have  been  exceed 
ingly  popular.  Nearly  all  of  his  books 
have  been  republished  in  England,  and 
many  have  been  translated  into  the  vari 
ous  European  and  Asiatic  languages.  The 
twenty-eight  volumes  of  Rollo  Books  are 
perhaps  his  best  known.  He  died  Oct.  31, 
1879,  in  Farmington,  Maine. 

ABBOTT,  JO,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  Hillsboro,  Texas,  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1840,  near  Decatur,  Ala.  He 
served  in  the  Twelfth  Texas  cavalry, 
confederate  army,  as  first  lieutenant. 
He  was  elected  to  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1869  and  served  one  term. 
He  was  appointed  by  Governor  Roberts 
judge  of  the  twenty-eighth  judicial  dis 
trict  in  1879;  was  elected  to  the  same  po 
sition  in  1880,  and  served  four  years.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Fiftieth,  Fifty-first, 
Fifty-second,  and  Fifty-third  congresses, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Fifty-fourth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

ABBOTT,  JOHN  STEVENS  CABOT, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  18,  1805,  in  Brunswick,  Maine.  He 
was  for  some  years  a  congregational  min 
ister,  but  after  1844  devoted  himself  to 
literature  and  educational  work.  Among 
his  works  are  comprised  The  Mother  at 
Home;  Practical  Christianity;  Romance 
of  Spanish  History;  American  Pioneers 
and  Patriots;  History  of  Napoleon;  Na 
poleon  at  St.  Helena;  History  of  the 
French  Revolution;  History  of  the  Civil 
War  in  America;  Lives  of  the  Presidents; 
History  of  Maine  from  Its  Discovery  by 
Northmen;  Christopher  Carson;  History 
of  Napoleon  III;  History  of  Frederick 
the  Great;  and  History  of  Christianity. 
He  died  June  17,  1877,  in  Fair  Haven, 
Conn. 

ABBOTT,  JOSEPH  C.,  soldier,   lawyer, 

journalist,    United    States    senator,    was 

born  July  15,  1825,  In  Concord,  N.  H.    He 

^^^  received  an  academic 

_^^H^^  education;    read  law, 

^ffl  and  was  admitted  to 

ft  :  the  bar  in  1852.     He 

m    ^^_    ^>         was  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  the   Man 
chester  American  for 
VV          5fc  ;          five  years,   and  sub 
sequently    editor    of 
^B  the  Boston  Atlas.  He 

^M  was  appointed  adju- 

^•j  tant    general    of   the 

^^^H^HJ^^^.     state  of  New  Hamp 
shire     in    1855,    and 

held  the  office  until  1861,  when  he  re 
signed.  He  raised  a  regiment  of  infantry 
in  1861;  and  In  1865  was  brevefted 
brigadier  general  for  gallant  services 
in  the  capture  of  Fort  Fisher.  After 
leaving  the  service  he  removed  to 
North  Carolina  and  entered  into  busi 
ness;  in  1867  was  elected  to  the  state 
constitutional  convention;  In  1868  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature,  and  in 
1868  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  as  a  republican.  He  died  Oct.  8,  1882 
in  Wilmington,  N.  C. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN   BIOGRAPHY. 


1.9 


ABBOTT,  JOSIAH  GARDNER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  1,  1815,  in  Chelmsford,  Mass. 
He  received  a  classical  education,  gradu 
ating  from  Harvard  university  in  1832. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1836;  a  state  senator  in  1841-42; 
was  judge  of  the  superior  court  in  1855; 
and  successfully  contested  the  seat  of 
Rufus  S.  Frost  as  a  representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  Forty-fourth  con 
gress.  He  declined  the  renomination,  and 
was  subsequently  a  candidate  for  the 
United  States  senate,  and  for  the  govern 
orship  of  Massachusetts.  He  died  June  2, 
1891,  in  Wellesley  Hills,  Mass. 

ABBOTT,  LYMAN,  lawyer,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1835, 
in  Roxbury,  Mass.  He  is  a  congregational 
minister  of  broad  views,  who  as  editor  of 
The  Illustrated  Christian  Weekly  and  suc 
cessor  to  Henry  Ward  Beecher  as  pastor 
of  Plymouth  church  of  Brooklyn,  has  ex 
ercised  a  wide  influence.  He  is  the  author 
of  Christianity  and  Social  Problems; 
Jesus  of  Nazareth;  Old  Testament  Shad 
ows  of  New  Testament  Truths;  Illustrated 
Commentary  on  the  New  Testament;  A 
Layman's  Story;  How  to  Study  the  Bible; 
Life  of  Christ;  In  Aid  of  Faith;  The 
Evolution  of  Christianity;  A  Study  in 
Human  Nature;  and  Dictionary  of  Re 
ligious  Knowledge. 

ABBOTT,  NEHEMIAH,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  March  29, 
1806,  in  Sidney,  Maine.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  house  of  representatives  in  the 
Maine  legislature  in  1842-43;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Maine  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  congress. 

ABBOTT,  RUSSELL  BIGELOW,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  8,  1823,  in  Brookville,  Ind. 
He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Indiana 
university,  and  dur- 
.    ing  1850-55  was  prin 
cipal     of     Newcastle 
Hh  •£.  .    seminary,  and  of  the 

Presbyterian  for  the 
^  two  succeeding 
jj  years.  In  1857  he 
\  was  ordained  a 
clergyman  in  the 
Presbyterian  church, 
and  filled  pastorates 
in  Brookville  in 

1857-64;  and  Knightstown  in  1864-66; 
when  he  moved  to  Minnesota.  In  1869  he 
was  appointed  principal  of  the  St.  Paul 
seminary,  when  he  received  a  call  as 
pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church  of  Al 
bert  Lea,  which  position  he  filled  till  1884. 
Since  1884  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Albert  Lea  college,  and  pastor  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  is  the  author 
of  History  and  Analysis  of  the  Books  of 
the  Bible;  Biblical  History;  and  other 
works. 

ABEEL,  DAVID,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  June  12,  1804,  in  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.  J.  He  was  a  reformed  Dutch 
missionary  in  China;  and  the  author  of 
Journal  of  a  Residence  in  China;  A  Mis 
sionary  Convention  at  Jerusalem;  and 
The  Claims  of  the  World  to  the  Gospel. 
He  died  Sept.  4,  1846,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

ABELL,  ARUNAH  S.,  founder  of  the 
Baltimore  Sun,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1806,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  The  Baltimore  Sun  was 
established  as  a  penny  paper  in  1837  and 
placed  under  the  special  management  of 
Mr.  Abell.  Upon  this  journal  he  won 
distinguished  success.  In  1868  he  bought 
the  interests  of  his  associates  in  The 
Baltimore  Sun.  and  thenceforward  was 
sole  owner  of  a  property  which  made  the 
fortunes  of  his  family.  The  Baltimore 


Sun  is  now  owned  by  the  corporation  of 
The  A.  S.  Abell  Co.  He  died  April  19, 
1888,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

ABERCROMBIE,  JAMES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Georgia.  Moving  to  Alabama, 
he  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1851  to  1855. 

ABERCROMBIE,  JAMES,  clergyman,, 
was  born  in  1758  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  principal  of  the  Philadelphia  acad 
emy  from  1810  to  1819,  and  retired  from 
the  ministry  in  1833.  He  published  Lec 
tures  on  the  Catechism;  and  several  ser 
mons.  He  died  June  26,  1841,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

ABERCROMBIE,  JOHN  JOSEPH,  sol 
dier,  was  born  1802,  in  Tennessee.  In  1822 
he  graduated  from  West  Point;  served  in 
the  Florida,  Mexican  and  civil  wars;  and 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general.  He  re 
tired  in  1865;  and  died  Jan.  3,  1877,  in 
Roslyn,  N.  Y. 

ABERNETHY,  ALONZO,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  April 
14,  1836,  in  Sandusky  county,  Ohio.  He 
received  his  early 
education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Belle- 
Tue,  Ohio.  In  1854 
he  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Illyria, 
Iowa,  in  which  state 
he  attended  the  Bur 
lington  academy; 
and  subsequently  en 
tered  the  university 
of  Chicago,  from 
which  he  graduated 
in  1866.  He  served 
as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil  war,  en 
listing  in  company  F,  Ninth  Iowa  volun 
teer  infantry,  serving  four  years,  going 
out  as  a  private  and  returning  as  lieu 
tenant-colonel  in  command;  and  was 
twice  wounded.  He  was  in  forty  battles, 
including  Pea  Ridge,  Vicksburg,  Brandon, 
and  Atlanta.  In  1866  he  represented  his 
county  in  the  lower  house  of  the  Eleventh 
general  assembly.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
principal  of  the  Des  Moines  Baptist  col 
lege,  served  one  year,  and  has  been  a 
member  of  its  board  of  trustees  continu 
ously  since.  In  1871  he  was  elected  su 
perintendent  of  public  instruction  of 
Iowa;  was  re-elected  in  1873,  and  again 
in  1875.  In  1876  he  served  as  president  of 
the  university  of  Chicago;  and  since  1881 
he  has  been  connected  with  the  Cedar 
Valley  seminary  of  Osage,  Iowa. 

ABERNETHY,  GEORGE,  governor  of 
Oregon,  was  born  in  1807  in  Scotland.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  with  his  par 
ents  in  1809,  and  settled  in  New  York 
state.  In  1840  he  moved  to  Oregon,  and 
was  governor  of  Oregon  during  1845-49, 
before  the  creation  of  Oregon  as  a  ter 
ritory.  He  died  in  1877  in  Portland,  Ore. 

ABERT,  BYRON  D.  L.,  soldier,  business 
man,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1841,  in  Milwaukee, 
Wis.  He  enlisted  in  the  Twenty-fourth 
Wisconsin  infantry  regiment  of  volun 
teers,  in  which  he  became  corporal  of 
company  E.  In  1864  he  was  promoted  to 
first  lieutenant;  and  in  1865  was  elected 
superintendent  of  the  county  poor. 

ABERT,  GEORGE,  pioneer,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  May  10,  1817,  in  France. 
He  helped  to  build  up  Milwaukee;  and  in 
1839  erected  the  first  bakery  on  the  west 
side  of  the  present  city  of  Milwaukee.  In 
1846  he  was  chosen  alderman;  and  for 
six  terms  during  1861-72  he  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature.  In  1865  he  es 
tablished  the  first  iron  foundry.  He  died 
Oct.  14,  1890,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

ABERT,  GEORGE  A.,  business  man, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1840,  in 
Milwaukee,  Wis.  In  1877-78  he  was  state 


senator  from  the  seventh  Wisconsin  dis 
trict;  and  in  1879  he  served  as  a  city  com 
missioner  of  public  works  of  Milwaukee 
Wis. 

ABERT,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  soldier 
was  born  Nov.  18,  1820,  in  Mount  Holly, 
N.  J.  He  served  through  the  civil  war; 
attained  the  rank  of  major  of  the  United 
States  engineers,  and  resigned  from  the 
army  in  1864.  He  was  examiner  of  patents 
in  Washington;  and  later  professor  of 
mathematics  and  drawing  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Missouri  at  Rolla. 

ABERT,  JOHN  B.,  soldier,  mechanic 
was  born  May  16,  1848,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis! 
He  was  noted  as  an  expert  mechanic.  In 
1864  he  enlisted  in  the  Forty-fifth  Wiscon 
sin  regiment  of  volunteers  and  served  un 
til  the  close  of  the  war. 

ABERT,  JOHN  JAMES,  soldier  was 
born  Sept.  17,  1788,  in  Shepherdtown,  Va. 
In  1829  he  succeeded  to  the  charge  of  the 
topographical  bureau  at  Washington,  and 
in  1838  became  colonel  in  command  of 
that  branch  of  the  engineers.  He  was  re 
tired  in  1861  after  long  and  faithful  ser 
vice.  Colonel  Abert  was  associated  in 
the  supervision  of  many  of  the  earlier 
national  works  of  engineering,  and  his 
reports  prepared  for  the  government  are 
standards  of  authority.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  several  scientific  societies,  and  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  national  in 
stitute  of  science,  which  was  subsequent 
ly  merged  into  the  Smithsonian  institute. 
He  died  Sept.  27,  1863,  in  Washington 
D.  C. 

ABERT,  SILVANUS  THAYER,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  July  22,  1828,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  civil  engineer 
in  the  United  States  service;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Notes  Historical  and  Statistical 
upon  the  Projected  Route  for  an  Inter- 
oceanic  Canal  between  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific. 

ABERT,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born 
Nov.  18,  1820,  in  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.  He 
graduated  from  West  Point  in  1842.  After 
service  in  the  infantry  he  was  transferred 
to  the  topographical  engineers,  and  was 
engaged  on  the  survey  of  the  northern 
lakes  in  1843-44.  He  then  served  on  the 
expedition  to  New  Mexico,  and  published 
a  report.  From  1848  to  1850  he  was  as 
sistant  in  drawing  at  West  Point,  and 
from  1851  to  1860  he  was  engaged  in  the 
improvement  of  western  rivers.  During 
the  civil  war  he  served  with  distinction. 

ABERT,  WILLIAM  STONE,  lawyer, 
was  born  July  27,  1845,  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Wash 
ington;  and  among  the  notable  cases  in 
which  he  has  figured  may  be  mentioned 
The  Washington  city  postoffice  case  and 
the  Powell  will  case. 

ABERT,  WILLIAM  STRETCH,  soldier, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1836,  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  He  served  in  the  civil  war;  was 
brevetted  major  in  1862;  and  brigadier- 
general  in  1865.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1867,  in 
Galveston,  Texas. 

ABRAHAM,  ABRAHAM,  merchant, 
was  born  March  9,  1843,  in  New  York 
city.  He  became  senior  partner  of  the 
present  firm  of  Abraham  and  Straus,  dry 
goods  merchants.  He  is  an  excellent  mer 
chant,  and  his  store  is  now  the  leading 
bazaar  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  employing 
more  than  two  thousand  persons,  and 
covering  about  thirty  city  lots. 

ABRAHAM,  WOODWARD,  journalist, 
business  man,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1814,  in 
Maryland.  He  was  for  a  time  one  of  the 
publishers  of  two  Baltimore  journals, 
The  Eastern  Express  and  The  Kaleido 
scope;  but  of  later  years  he  has  devoted 
himself  to  the  management  of  an  ex 
tensive  ice  business. 


20 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ACHESON,     ERNEST     F.,     journalist, 

congressman,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1855,  in 

Washington,    Pa.      He    was    educated    at 

Washington  and  Jef- 

^^ff    -  -•^•MHM    ferson  college;    read 

I    law  and   was  admit- 

I    ted    to    the     bar     in 

I    1877;     and     in     1879 

1^—^  I    purchased    The 

Washington   Observ- 

I    er,  of  which  he  has 

I   since      been     editor. 

I    He  was  elected  presi- 

I    dent  of  the  Pennsyl- 

/^^  I    vania    Editorial    as- 

^^H    sociation  in  January, 

1893,  and  in  June  of 

the  same  year  was  chosen  as  recording 
secretary  of  the  National  Editorial  asso 
ciation.  For  ten  years  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  republican  state  committee; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national 
conventions  at  Chicago  in  1884  and  at  St. 
Louis  in  1896;  was  elected  to  the  Fifty- 
fourth;  and  re-elected  to  the  Fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

ACHESON,  MARCUS  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  settled  at 
Pittsburg,  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion.  In  1880  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  western  dis 
trict  of  Pennsylvania,  residing  in  Wash 
ington,  Pa. 

ACHESON,  SARAH  C.,  temperance 
worker,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1844,  in  Wash 
ington,  Pa.  She  has  been  a  power  in 
temperance  work  in  the  state  of  Texas, 
and  has  been  state  president  of  the  Wom 
an's  Christian  Temperance  union.  She 
resides  with  her  husband,  Dr.  Acheson,  in 
Denison,  Texas. 

ACHESON,  THOMAS  DAVIS,  clergy 
man,  missionary,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1858, 
in  Canada.  For  eight  years  he  was  a  mis 
sionary,  until  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of 
the  presbyterian  church  of  East  Grand 
Forks,  Minn.,  where  his  eloquence  has 
made  him  popular  throughout  the  state. 

ACKEN,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  business 
man,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1833,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  treas 
urer  of  the  New  York  rubber  company, 
and  so  remained  until  1883,  when  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  company. 

ACKER,  DAVID  D.,  merchant,  was  born 
June  13,  1822,  in  Bergen  county,  N.  J. 
In  1868  he  entered  the  mercantile  busi 
ness;  was  vice-president  of  the  New  York 
National  Exchange  bank;  and  an  active 
and  Influential  member  of  the  Produce 
and  Mercantile  Exchanges  and  Chamber 
of  Commerce.  He  died  March  23,  1888,  in 
New  York  city. 

ACKER,  EPHRAIM  L.,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  11, 
1827,  in  Marlborough  township,  Pa.  He 
was  editor  and  publisher  of  The  Norris- 
town  Register.  He  was  superintendent 
of  common  schools  for  Montgomery  coun 
ty  from  1854  to  1860;  and  was  appointed 
postmaster  at  Norristown  in  1860.  He 
was  inspector  of  Montgomery  county  pris 
on  three  years;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty- 
second  congress. 

ACKEUMAN,  AMOS  T.,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  1819,  in  New  Hampshire.  He  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1841.  In  1850  he 
moved  to  Georgia  and  settled  in  Elberton, 
where  he  practiced  his  profession.  In 
1866  he  was  appointed  United  States  at 
torney  for  the  district  of  Georgia,  and  re 
mained  in  office  until  1870;  in  that  year 
he  was  appointed  attorney-general  of  the 
United  States,  and  continued  In  that  posi 
tion  until  1872. 


ACKERMAN,  CHRISTIAN,  manufac 
turer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1850,  in 
Hanover,  Germany.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Wisconsin  state  assembly  from  She- 
boygan  in  1894;  and  received  the  re-elec 
tion  in  1896. 

ACKERMAN,      ERNEST      ROBINSON, 
manufacturer,  was    born    June    17,  1863, 
in    New    York    city.     In    1891     he    was 
elected  to  the  presi 
dency   of   The   Law 
rence    Cement     Co., 
which   produces   five 
thousand  barrels  per 
&•>    '  day,  nearly  an  eighth 

of  the  whole  product 
in  this  country.  The 
works  of  the  com 
pany  extend  four 
miles  on  the  Ron- 
dout  creek  in  Ulster 
county,  N.  Y.  The 
mills,  kilns,  store 
houses,  repair  shops,  cooper  shops,  rail 
roads  and  mines,  constitute  an  extensive 
plant,  requiring  the  services  of  about  a 
thousand  men.  A  fleet  of  twenty-five 
canal  boats,  built  by  the  company,  trans 
ports  the  product  to  market  by  way  of 
The  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal  and  the 
Hudson  river,  and  a  large  number  of  out 
side  vessels  find  desirable  employment  in 
the  same  business. 

ACKERMAN,  JESSIE,  temperance  ad 
vocate,  was  born  July  4,  1860.  She  is  a 
world's  temperance  missionary  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Good  Templars  and  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.;  and  has  traveled  in  Aus 
tralia,  China,  Japan,  Slam,  India,  Africa, 
and  other  lands.  Her  report  in  the  spring 
of  1896  shows  200,000  miles  traveled;  502 
cities  visited;  1,417  meetings  held;  1,317 
lectures  and  addresses  delivered;  9,000 
white  ribbons  distributed;  2,000  men 
pledged  to  abstinence;  647  Good  Templars 
initiated;  and  much  other  active  temper 
ance  work  performed. 

ACKERMAN,  JOHN  C.,  merchant,  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  21,  1853,  in  Lu- 
zerne  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Pennsylvania  house  of  representatives  in 
1896. 

ACKLEN,  JOSEPH  HAYES,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  May  20,  1850,  in  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.,  the  eldest  son  of  Joseph  A. 
S.  Acklen  and  Adelicia  Hayes.  He  was 
educated  during  early  life  by  private  tutor, 
subsequently  at  Burlington  college,  New 
Jersey.  He  graduated  in  two  foreign  uni 
versities,  acquiring  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  both  German  and  French;  and  finally 
graduated  from  the  law  school  of  Leban 
on,  Tenn.  Since  1871  he  has  been  actively 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  He  was 
elected  as  a  democrat  and  served  in  the 
Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  congresses 
from  the  Third  district  of  Louisiana.  In 
1884  he  returned  to  Nashville,  where  he 
has  successfully  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  His  writings  and 
speeches  on  political  questions  have  at 
tracted  widespread  attention. 

ACKLEY,  HORACE  A.,  physician,  was 
born  in  1815,  in  Genesee  county,  N.  Y. 
He  gave  a  course  of  lectures  in  Willough- 
by  Medical  college  in  1836.  He  lived  in 
Toledo  for  three  years,  and  in  1842  set 
tled  in  Cleveland,  in  which  city  he  filled 
the  chair  of  surgery  in  the  Cleveland  Med 
ical  college  until  1858,  when  he  resigned. 
Here  he  died  April  24,  1859. 

ACTON,  THOMAS  COXTON,  banker, 
was  born  Feb.  23,  1823,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1860  he  became  commissioner  of  the 
New  York  metropolitan  police,  and  two 
years  later  was  president  of  that  board, 
where  he  remained  for  seven  years,  in 
which  office  he  did  good  service  in  sup 
pressing  the  draft  riots.  In  1870  he  was 


appointed  superintendent  of  the  United 
States  assay  office,  which  post  he  held  for 
twelve  years.  He  became  United  States 
assistant  treasurer  at  New  York  in  1882, 
and  since  1887  has  been  president  of  the 
bank  of  New  Amsterdam. 

ADAIR,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  cap 
italist,  was  born  March  1,  1823,  in  Mor 
gan  county,  Ga.  He  has  been  one  of  the 
builders  of  every  Atlanta  enterprise;  pro 
moter  of  the  Atlanta  cotton  factory;  pres 
ident  of  the  Georgia  Pacific  railroad; 
president  of  the  Tallapoosa  Land  com 
pany;  and  director  of  a  number  of  pros 
perous  corporations. 

ADAIR,  JAMES,  Indian  trader,  author. 
He  was  a  trader  with  the  Indians  of  the 
southern  states,  and  for  forty  years  lived 
exclusively  among  them.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  entitled  The  History  of 
Ihe  American  Indians. 

ADAIR,  JOHN,  soldier,  legislator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1759, 
in  Chester  county,  S.  C.  He  emigrated  to 
Kentucky  in  1787;  served  as  a  major  in 
the  border  warfare  of  the  time;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Kentucky  legislature,  serving 
one  year  as  speaker;  in  1799  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  which  formed  the 
state  constitution;  subsequently  held  the 
office  of  register  of  the  land  office  in  Ken 
tucky;  and  was  a  senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Kentucky  during  the  years 
1805  and  1806.  He  commanded  the  Ken 
tucky  troops  at  the  battle  of  New  Orleans 
under  General  Jackson,  and  was  appoint 
ed  a  general  in  the  army.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1831  to  1833.  He  died  May  19, 
1840,  in  Harrisburg,  Ky. 

ADAIR,  WILLIAM,  horticulturist,  state 
senator,  was  born  in  1815,  near  Glasgow, 
Scotland.  In  1834  he  settled  in  Detroit, 
Mich.;  worked  as  a  carpenter  until  1840; 
when  he  began  business  as  a  gardener 
and  horticulturist.  He  held  several  local 
positions  of  honor  in  Detroit,  among 
them  president  of  the  Detroit  Mechanics' 
society  and  president  of  St.  Andrew's  so 
ciety.  He  was  state  senator  of  Michigan 
for  nine  years  during  1861-77. 

ADAMS,  ABIGAIL  SMITH,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  23,  1744,  in  Weymouth,  Mass. 
Her  father  was  the  Rev.  William  Smith, 
for  fortyyears 
a  congregat  i  o  n  a  1 
clergyman  of  Wey 
mouth.  She  was  the 
wife  of  President 
John  Adams,  to 
whom  she  was  mar 
ried  Oct.  25,  1764. 
She  was  endowed 
with  intellectual 
gifts,  tact,  and  prac 
tical  knowledge,  and 
eminently  qualified 
to  be  the  companion 
of  her  husband;  and  was  also  an  inspira 
tion  to  her  gifted  son.  She  is  known  to 
literature  by  her  entertaining  Letters,  ed 
ited  by  her  grandson.  She  died  Oct.  28, 
1818,  in  Quincy,  Mass. 

ADAMS,  ALBERT  BRINSMADE,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  11, 
1856,  in  Kalamazoo  county,  Mich.  He 
graduated  from  the  Vickshurg  high 
school,  Michigan;  and  for  eight  years 
taught  school  in  Mills  county,  Iowa.  He 
now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Little  Sioux,  Iowa, 
and  has  attained  success  as  a  clergyman 
and  evangelist.  He  Is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  meritorious  poems,  the  most  notable 
of  which  is  The  Honored  Brave. 

ADAMS,  ALLEN  WILLSON,  merchant, 
was  born  June  25,  1848,  in  Hampton,  N. 
Y.  He  is  a  merchant  of  New  York  city, 
and  for  several  years  past  has  done  a 
large  and  successful  business. 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN   BIOGRAPHY. 


ADAMS,  ALVA,  merchant,  legislator, 
governor  of  Colorado,  was  born  May  14, 
1850,  in  Iowa  county,  Wis.  In  1876  he 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  first  Colorado  state  legislature;  was 
elected  governor  of  that  state  and  served 
during  1887-89;  and  was  again  elected  to 
that  high  office  for  the  term  of  1897-99. 
He  has  also  attained  success  as  a  hard 
ware  merchant  of  Pueblo. 

ADAMS,  ALVIN,  founder  of  the  Ad 
ams  Express  company,  was  born  June  16, 
1804.  In  1840  Alvin  Adams  engaged  in 
the  then  novel  specialty  of  forwarding 
parcels,  money,  and  valuable  merchandise 
between  Boston  and  New  York  by  way  of 
Worcester,  Norwich  and  New  London, 
beginning  in  a  little  store  in  Boston. 
Later  he  formed  the  partnership  of  Ad 
ams  and  Co.,  with  Ephraim  Farnsworth, 
the  latter  taking  charge  of  the  New  York 
office,  and  being  succeeded  at  his  death 
soon  afterwards  by  William  B.  Dinsmore. 
In  1854  Mr.  Adams  effected  a  union  of 
four  concerns  under  the  name  of  The 
Adams  Express  Co.,  and  became  president 
of  the  organization.  He  died  Sept.  2, 
1877,  in  Watertown,  Mass. 

ADAMS,  AMOS,  clergyman,  was  born 
Sept.  1,  1728,  in  Medfleld,  Mass.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  in  1752,  and  in  Septem 
ber  of  the  following  year  became  pastor 
of  a  church  in  Roxbury,  which  he  served 
until  his  death.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
convention  of  ministers  at  Watertown, 
which  in  1775  recommended  the  people  to 
take  up  arms.  Many  of  his  sermons  were 
published  from  1756  to  1769,  as  well  as 
two  discourses  on  Religious  Liberty.  The 
most  notable  of  his  writings  were  two 
discourses  on  the  general  fast,  6  April, 
1769,  in  which  he  gave  A  Concise  Histor 
ical  View  of  the  Difficulties,  Hardships, 
and  Perils  which  Attended  the  Planting 
and  Progressive  Improvement  in  New 
England,  with  a  Particular  Account  of  Its 
Long  and  Destructive  Wars.  He  died  Oct. 
5,  1775,  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

ADAMS,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  in  January,  1736,  in  Strat 
ford,  Conn.  He  graduated  from  Yale  col 
lege  in  1760;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law,  and  settled  in  the  practice  in 
Litchfleld  in  1764.  From  1777  to  1782  he 
was  a  delegate  from  Connecticut  to  the 
continental  congress,  and  was  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  articles  of  confederation. 
In  1789  he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Connecticut,  and  in 
1793  chief  justice  of  said  court.  He  died 
Nov.  26,  1797,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 

ADAMS,  AUSTIN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  May  24,  1826,  in  Andover,  Vt.  His 
life  is  interwoven  with  the  educational 
history  of  Vermont  and  Iowa.  Eight 
generations  before  him  his  grandfathers 
without  a  break  have  been  presidents  of 
educational  institutions  where  they  lived. 
He  graduated  from  Dartmouth  college, 
and  from  Harvard  Law  school.  He  was  a 
prominent  educator;  president  of  the  pub 
lic  school  board  of  Dubuque,  Iowa;  regent 
of  the  state  university  of  Iowa;  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  and  law  lecturer;  and 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Iowa  for 
twelve  years.  When  chief  justice  he  ad 
mitted  the  first  woman  to  practice  be 
fore  the  supreme  court;  and  always  in 
sisted  that  the  true  wife  and'  mother 
should  enter  fully  into  the  intellectual  life 
of  her  life  companion.  He  was  a  man  of 
rare  literary  attainments,  and  left  a  vol 
ume  of  poems.  He  died  in  October,  1890. 

ADAMS,  BENJAMIN,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1765  in  Worcester, 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture;  as  representative  from  1809-14;  and 
as  senator  in  1814-15,  and  1822-25.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  his 


native  state  from  1816-21.  He  died  March 
28,  1837,  in  Uxbridge,  Mass. 

ADAMS,  BLANCHE  HERMINE,  edu 
cator,  poet,  and  daughter  of  Major  Enoch 
George  Adams,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1871, 
in  Vancouver,  Wash.  In  1885  she  moved 
to  South  Berwick,  Maine,  and  in  1890 
graduated  from  the  Berwick  academy. 
She  has  become  a  successful  teacher, 
and  holds  high  rank  as  an  elocution 
ist.  She  is  the  author  of  several  prize 
stories,  and  her  poems  have  appeared  in 
several  standard  works. 

ADAMS,  BROOKS,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  June  24,  1848,  in  Quincy,  Mass.  He 
graduated  from  Harvard  in  1870,  and  is  a 
successful  lawyer  of  Boston.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Gold  Standard;  The  Eman 
cipation  of  Massachusetts,  a  careful  study 
of  the  evolution  of  religious  freedom;  and 
The  Law  of  Civilization  and  Decay,  an 
Essay  in  History. 

ADAMS,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  March  12,  1785,  in  Arlington, 
Vt.  He  became  a  prominent  lawyer,  and 
was  a  constant  contributor  to  newspapers 
on  political  questions.  He  was  the  friend 
and  adviser  of  General  Wool  during  the 
Canadian  difficulties  of  1838,  and  wrote 
a  history  of  the  events  connected  with 
that  rebellion.  He  died  r  eb.  13,  1861,  in 
Burlington,  .Vt. 

ADAMS,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1808,  in  New  Hampshire.  He 
was  a  methodist  clergyman  who  wrote  ex 
tensively,  and  among  whose  works  are 
Evangelism  in  the  Middle  of  the  Nine 
teenth  Century;  Women  of  the  Bible; 
The  Poet  Preacher,  a  Memorial  of  Charles 
Wesley;  The  Earth  and  Its  Wonders; 
Life  of  Cromwell;  and  Life  Sketches  of 
Macaulay.  He  died  in  1890. 

ADAMS,  CHARLES  BAKER,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1814,  in  Dor 
chester,  Mass.  He  was  a  naturalist,  and 
published  Contributions  to  Conchology; 
and  Monographs  of  Several  Species  of 
Shells.  He  died  Jan.  19,  1853,  in  St. 
Thomas,  W.  I. 

ADAMS,  CHARLES  COFFIN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1826.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman;  and  the  author  of 
Creation,  a  Recent  Work  of  God;  Life  of 
Christ;  Anthroposophy;  and  The  Bible,  a 
Scientific  Revelation.  He  died  in  1888. 

ADAMS,  CHARLES  FOLLEN,  soldier, 
poet,  was  born  April  21,  1842,  in  Dorchest 
er,  Mass.  He  is  principally  known  as  the 
author  of  Leedle 
Yawcob  Strauss; 
Leedle  Yawcob 
Strauss,  and  Other 
Poems;  Dialect  Bal 
lads;  and  other 
works.  He  served 
gallantly  as  a  soldier 
during  the  civil  war 
in  the  thirteenth 
regiment  Massachu 
setts  volunteer  in 
fantry.  He  has  de 
livered  many  of  his 
original  productions  before  Boston  audi 
ences,  in  which  city  he  is  a  successful 
merchant. 

ADAMS,  CHARLES  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  18,  1807,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  spent 
the  most  of  his  boyhood  in  St.  Petersburg 
and  London,  whilst  his  father,  John 
Quincy  Adams,  was  minister  to  Russia 
and  England.  He  graduated  from  Har 
vard  university  in  1825;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1828.  He  served 
three  years  in  the  lower  house,  and  two 
years  in  the  upper  house  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature.  In  1848  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Buffalo  convention,  and 


elected  president;  was  the  candidate  for 
vice-president  on  the  ticket  with  Mr.  Van 
Buren;  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress,  and  received  the  re-election  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  One  of  the  most 
noted  events  of  his  life  was  his  appoint 
ment  as  minister  to  England  during  the 
civil  war  in  America,  and  though  encoun 
tering  the  most  bitter  social  hostility  in 
England,  he  maintained  the  right  of  his 
country,  and  exercised  the  grandest  qual 
ities  of  true  statesmanship  just  where  and 
when  they  were  of  priceless  value.  He 
edited  The  Life  and  Works  of  John  Ad 
ams;  Letters  of  Mrs.  Abigail  Adams;  Life 
and  Works  of  John  Q.  Adams;  and  Fa 
miliar  Letters  of  John  and  Abigail  Ad 
ams,  with  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Adams.  He 
died  Nov.  21,  1886,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ADAMS,  CHARLES  FRANCIS,  JR., 
soldier,  railroad  president,  author,  was 
born  May  27,  1835,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  an  officer  in  the  union  army  during 
the  civil  war,  and  subsequently  an  expert 
in  railway  science  and  president  of  the 
Union  Pacific  railway.  Since  resigning 
that  office  he  has  devoted  his  attention  to 
historical  writing,  his  estimates  of  men 
and  motives,  often  differing  materially 
from  those  of  other  writers  in  the  same 
field.  He  is  the  author  of  Notes  on  Rail 
way  Accidents;  Chapters  of  Erie;  Rail 
roads;  A  College  Fetich;  Massachusetts, 
Its  Historians  and  Its  History;  Three 
Episodes  of  Massachusetts  History;  Rich 
ard  Henry  Dana  [infra],  a  Biography; 
and  Life  of  Charles  Francis  Adams. 

ADAMS,  CHARLES  H.,  lawyer,  manu 
facturer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1824,  in  Coxsackie,  N.  Y.  He  stud 
ied  law  and  practiced  until  1850,  when  he 
engaged  in  manufacturing  at  Cohoes,  N. 
Y.;  and  served  as  trustee  and  president 
of  the  water  board  in  that  place  before  it 
was  made  a  city.  In  1851  he  served  as  aid 
to  the  governor.  In  1857  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  assembly;  was  state  sen 
ator  in  1872  and  1873;  and  was  a  member 
of  the  republican  national  convention  in 
1872.  For  a  long  time  he  was  president 
of  the  National  Bank  of  Cohoes,  and  was 
the  first  mayor  of  the  city.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress. 

ADAMS,    CHARLES    KENDALL,    edu 
cator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  24,  1835,  in  Derby,  Vt.     He  received 
his  education  in  the 
"    university  of  Michi 
gan,    college    do 
France,  and  the  uni 
versities   of   Leipzig, 
Berlin,    Bonn,    Mun 
ich,  Rome  and  Paris. 
During     1862-67     he 
was  assistant  profes 
sor    of    history    and 

'  jfllB    latin  in   ttle  univer" 

f  '     ^fl         I    sity     of      Michigan; 

/  ,  J  I    and     during    1867-85 

filled    the     chair    ot 

history  in  the  same  institution.  During 
1885-92  he  was  president  of  Cornell  uni 
versity;  and  since  the  latter  year  has 
been  president  of  the  university  of  Wis 
consin.  By  founding  an  historical  sem 
inary  in  the  university  of  Michigan  in 
1869,  he  became  the  first  introducer  of  the 
German  seminary  method  of  teaching  in 
the  United  States.  He  was  at  one  time 
dean  of  political  science  in  the  university 
of  Michigan;  and  has  been  president  of 
the  American  Historical  association.  His 
best  known  works  are  Manual  of  Histor 
ical  Literature;  Democracy  and  Monarchy 
in  France;  and  Christopher  Columbus. 
He  was  also  the  editor-in-chief  of  John 
son's  Universal  Cyclopedia. 


22 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ADAMS,  DANIEL,  physician,  state  sen 
ator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1773,  in 
Townsend,  Mass.  He  taught  a  select 
school  in  Boston  in  1806-13;  practiced 
medicine  in  Lancaster,  Boston,  and  Keene, 
N.  H.;  was  state  senator  in  New  Hamp 
shire  in  1838-40;  and  was  president  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Medical  and  Bible  soci 
eties.  Besides  an  arithmetic,  which  was 
extensively  used,  and  other  school  books, 
he  published  an  oration  at  Leominster  on 
the  death  of  Washington;  edited  the  Tele 
scope  of  Mt.  Vernon,  and  the  Medical  and 
Agricultural  Register  of  Boston.  He  died 
June  8,  1864,  in  Keene,  N.  H. 

ADAMS,  EDWARD  DEAN,  banker, 
scientist,  was  born  April  9,  1846,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Chauncey  Hall  school  of  his  native 
city,  and  at  the  Norwich  university  of 
Vermont.  He  has  been  president,  direc 
tor  and  trustee  of  many  railroads,  scien 
tific  and  art  organizations;  was  manag 
ing  partner  of  the  New  York  banking 
house  of  Winslow,  Lanier  and  Co.;  presi 
dent  of  companies  developing  Niagara 
Falls  power;  chairman  of  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway 
company,  and  chairman  of  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  American  Cotton  Oil 
company.  He  was  the  author  and  execu 
tor  of  plans  for  the  reorganization  of  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  West 
Shore  Railroad  company,  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  company,  the  American 
Cotton  Oil  Trust,  and  numerous  other 
companies. 

ADAMS,  EDWIN,  comedian,  was  born 
Feb.  3,  1834,  in  Medford,  Mass.  He  has 
attained  success  in  all  the  large  cities  of 
the  United  States  as  an  accomplished 
light  comedian.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1877,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ADAMS,  ELMER  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1842,  in  Pomfret,  Vt.  He 
was  educated  at  Yale  college  and  Harvard 
law  school;  in  1868  removed  to  Missouri, 
being  engaged  in  general  practice  of  law 
except  from  1879-85,  during  which  time 
he  was  one  of  the  circuit  judges  of  St. 
Louis.  In  1895  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  of  Mis 
souri,  eastern  district. 

ADAMS,  EZRA  EASTMAN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1813,  in  Con 
cord,  N.  H.  He  was  made  professor  of 
theology  In  Lincoln  university,  Pa.;  and 
in  1870  became  editorially  connected  with 
the  Presbyterian  of  Philadelphia.  He  died 
Nov.  3,  1871,  in  Oxford,  Pa. 

ADAMS,  F.  W.,  physician,  musician,  was 
born  in  1787.  He  was  a  good  performer  on 
the  violin,  and  early  turned  his  attention 
to  violin-making.  He  died  in  1859,  in 
Montpelier,  Vt. 

ADAMS,  FLORENCE  ADELAIDE 
FOWLE,  dramatic  reader,  teacher,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  15,  1863,  in  Chelsea,  Mass. 
In  1884  she  graduated  from  the  Boston 
School  of  Oratory;  and  in  1888  was  mar 
ried  to  George  Adams,  a  direct  descend 
ant  of  the  statesmen  and  presidents  of 
that  name.  She  is  the  author  of  Gestures 
and  Pantomimic  Action;  and  still  pur 
sues  her  chosen  line  of  work. 

ADAMS,  FRANCIS,  farmer,  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  April,  1862.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Florida  state 
senate  from  Hamilton  in  1894;  and  in  his 
town  and  county  has  filled  numerous  of 
fices  of  honor. 

ADAMS.  FRANCIS  ALEXANDRE, 
journalist,  orator,  was  born  May  11,  1874. 
in  New  York  city.  In  1890  he  edited  and 
published  the  Gotham  Monthly,  which 
was  the  pioneer  genealogical  periodical  in 
America,  anil  which  in  1891,  under  the 
title  of  Adams'  Magazine,  became  the 


official  exponent  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution.  He  has  gained 
prominence  as  an  orator,  and  in  1896  was 
appointed  a  campaign  speaker  by  the  New 
York  democratic  party. 

ADAMS,  FRANCIS  COLBURN,  author, 
was  born  in  1850.  He  was  a  writer  of 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  wrote  under  various 
pseudonyms.  He  was  the  author  of  Man 
uel  Pereira,  or  the  Sovereign  Rule  of 
South  Carolina;  Uncle  Tom  at  Home; 
Our  World,  or  the  Democrats'  Rule;  Jus 
tice  in  the  Byways;  Life  and  Adventures 
of  Major  Potter;  An  Outcast,  a  novel; 
The  Story  of  a  Trooper;  Siege  of  Wash 
ington,  for  Little  People;  and  The  Von 
Toodleburgs,  or  the  Memoirs  of  a  Very 
Distinguished  Family. 

ADAMS,  FRANKLIN  GEORGE,  author, 
was  born  May  13,  1824,  in  Rodman,  N.  Y 
In  1876,  at  the  beginning  of  the  work  of 
the  Kansas  State  Historical  society,  he 
was  appointed  secretary,  a  position  which 
he  still  holds.  He  has  been  editor  of  sev 
eral  newspapers;  and  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  entitled  Homestead  Guide. 

ADAMS,  GEORGE,  jurist,  was  a  citizen 
of  Mississippi.  He  was  appointed  United 
States  judge  for  the  district  embracing 
that  state,  and  resided  at  Natchez. 

ADAMS,  GEORGE,  soldier,  merchant, 
banker,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1834,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  Baltimore  schools  and  at  the  Newton 
university.  In  1852  he  moved  to  Wheel 
ing,  W.  Va.,  where  he  subsequently  en 
gaged  in  the  grocery  and  commission 
business.  In  1864  he  organized  the  First 
National  bank  of  Wheeling;  and  for  many 
years  was  president  of  one  of  the  largest 
banking  institutions  of  that  city.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  served  as  captain 
and  subsequently  as  colonel  of  the  fifth 
regiment  of  West  Virginia  militia,  an  or 
ganization  that  gave  good  service  in  de 
fense  of  the  union.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  Wheeling  Library  association; 
president  of  the  Buckeye  Glass  company; 
and  of  various  other  institutions. 

ADAMS,  GEORGE  BURTON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1S51  in  Vermont.  He 
is  an  historical  writer;  professor  of  his 
tory  at  Yale  university;  and  the  author  of 
Civilization  During  the  Middle  Ages;  and 
The  Growth  of  the  French  Nation. 

ADAMS,  GEORGE  ENOCH,  soldier, 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  in  Bow,  N.  H. 
In  1849  he  graduated  from  Yale  college, 
and  then  taught  school  in  New  Hamp 
shire,  Massachusetts,  Maryland  and  Mis 
souri.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company 
D,  second  regiment  New  Hampshire  vol 
unteer  infantry;  he  was  afterward 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Williamsburg, 
the  bullet  still  remaining  in  his  body. 
He  was  in  the  peach  orchard  at  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg.  In  1865  he  commanded  at 
Fort  Rice,  D.  T.,  where  he  met  and  van 
quished  the  famous  Sitting  Bull  and  ten 
thousand  warriors.  He  was  mustered  out 
of  service  as  captain  and  brevet  major. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  was  editor  and 
owner  of  the  Vancouver  Register.  W.  T., 
where  he  was  also  register  of  the  land 
office.  He  next  published  the  Columbian 
of  St.  Helena,  Ore.,  where  he  was  also 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  filled  various 
other  public  positions  of  trust.  Major  Ad 
ams  is  a  brilliant  lecturer,  and  a  poet  of 
excellence. 

ADAMS,  GEORGE  EVERETT,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  June 
18,  1840.  in  Keene,  N.  H.  He  removed  to 
Chicago  in  1853:  graduated  from  Harvard 
university  in  1860;  studied  law  at  Dane 
law  school,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1865.  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Chi 
cago.  In  1880  he  was  elected  a  state  sen 


ator  for  a  term  of  five  years;  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-ninth,  Fiftieth  and  Fifty- 
first  congresses. 

ADAMS,  GEORGE  M.  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1837,  in 
Knox  county,  Ky.  He  was  educated  at 
Centre  college;  studied  law;  was  clerk  of 
the  circuit  court  of  Knox  county  from 
1859  to  1861;  subsequently  served  for  a  ' 
few  months  as  a  captain  in  the  union 
army;  and  was  an  additional  paymaster 
of  volunteers  from  1861  to  1865.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  Fortieth  congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  three  succeeding  congresses.  In 
1875  he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  house  of 
representatives  of  the  Forty-fourth  con 
gress. 

ADAMS,  GREEN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  20, 
1812,  in  Barboursville,  Ky.  He  was  bred 
a  farmer;  read  law  and  adopted  that  pro 
fession.  In  1832-33  he  was  deputy  sheriff 
of  Knox  county;  in  1839  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature,  and  was  re-elected; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1847-49;  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1844  and  1856,  and  a  judge 
of  the  circuit  court  of  Kentucky  from 
1851-56.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  congress;  in  1861  was  appointed 
sixth  auditor  of  the  United  States  treas 
ury;  and  was  disbursing  clerk  in  the 
house  of  representatives  at  Washington 
from  1875  to  1881.  He  died  Jan.  18,  1884. 

ADAMS,  HANNAH,  the  first  woman  in 
the  United  States  to  make  a  profession  o£ 
literature,  was  born  in  1755  in  Medfield, 
Mass.  After  the  civil  war  she  opened  a 
school  to  prepare  young  men  for  college. 
Her  principal  work  appeared  in  1784,  en 
titled  A  View  of  Religious  Opinions;  and 
a  fourth  edition  of  that  work  was  entitled 
A  Dictionary  of  Religions.  She  was  also 
the  author  of  A  History  of  New  Eng 
land;  Evidences  of  Christianity;  History 
of  the  Jews;  and  Letters  on  the  Gospel. 
She  died  Nov.  15,  1832,  in  Brookline,  Mass. 

ADAMS,  HENRY,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  16,  1838,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  an 
historian  and  political  biographer,  living 
in  Washington;  and  the  author  of  Life  of 
John  Randolph;  Life  of  Albert  Gallatin; 
and  other  works. 

ADAMS,  HENRY  CARTER,  author,  was 
born  in  1852  in  Iowa.  He  is  a  political 
economist  of  note;  and  the  author  of 
Public  Debts,  an  Essay  in  the  Science  of 
Finance;  and  Taxation  in  the  United 
States,  1789-1816. 

ADAMS,  HENRY  H.,  merchant,  was 
born  July  9,  1844,  in  Collamer,  Ohio.  In 
1882  he  became  associated  with  the  Cole- 
rain  Company  of  Reading,  Pa.;  and  three 
years  later  settled  in  New  York  city,  en 
gaging  there  in  the  iron  business.  In  1890 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Columbus 
and  Hocking  Iron  and  Coal  Company; 
and  in  1891  became  president  of  the  Henry 
H.  Adams  Company  of  New  York  city. 

ADAMS,  HERBERT  BAXTER,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  April  16,  1850,  in 
Amher&t,  Mass.  He  is  a  professor  of  his 
tory  at  Johns  Hopkins  university,  and  the 
secretary  of  the  American  Historical  asso 
ciation  from  its  beginning.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Germanic  Origin  of  New 
England  Towns;  Saxon  Tithingmen  in 
America;  Norman  Constables  in  America; 
Village  Communities  of  Cape  Ann  and 
Salem;  Thomas  Jefferson  and  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia;  Methods  of  Historical 
Study;  and  History  of  the  United  States 
Constitution.  He  has  edited  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  Jared  Sparks. 


KERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ADAMS,  ISAAC,  physician,  legislator, 
was  born  April  23,  1767,  in  Andover,  Mass. 
He  was  one  of  the  committee  on  education 
in  the  Michigan  house  of  representatives. 
He  assisted  in  preparing  the  bill  to  estab 
lish  the  university  of  Michigan,  and  took 
an  active  interest  in  that  institution  dur 
ing  his  life.  He  died  in  1852,  in  Trov 
Mich. 

ADAMS,  ISAAC,  inventor,  state  senator, 
was  born  1803  in  Rochester,  N.  H.  In  1828 
he  invented  the  printing-press  that  bears 
his  name.  It  was  introduced  in  1830,  and 
came  into  almost  universal  use,  being  still 
so  popular  as  to  warrant  its  manufacture 
in  more  than  thirty  different  sizes.  He 
improved  it  in  1834,  making  it  substan 
tially  what  it  now  is.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  state  senate  in  1840. 
He  died  July  19,  1883,  in  Sandwich,  N.  H. 

ADAMS,  JAMES  HOPKINS,  state  sen 
ator,  governor  of  South  Carolina,  was 
born  about  1811  in  South  Carolina.  He 
graduated  from  Yale  college  in  1831;  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature  and  senate  of 
South  Carolina,  and  was  governor  of  that 
state  from  1855  to  1857.  After  the  seces 
sion  of  South  Carolina  from  the  union  he 
was  one  of  the  commissioners  appointed 
to  confer  with  the  president  concerning 
United  States  property  in  South  Carolina. 
He  died  July  27,  1861,  near  Columbia,  S.  C. 

ADAMS,  JAMES  W.,  journalist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1865,  in  Hawes- 
ville,  Ky.  He  is  the  editor  of  the  Daily 
Graphic,  and  served  as  state  senator  in 
the  Kentucky  legislature  in  1893.  One  of 
the  principal  events  of  his  public  life  is 
his  world's  fair  speech  in  the  Kentucky 
state  senate  in  1893. 

ADAMS,  JANE  KELLEY,  educator,  was 
born  Oct.  30,  1852,  in  Woburn,  Mass.  In 
1875  she  graduated  from  Vassar  college, 
and  has  since  been  interested  in  educa 
tional  work.  In  1881  she  became  the  wife 
of  Charles  Day  Adams,  a  noted  lawyer  of 
Boston,  Mass.  During  1886-87  she  was 
president  of  the  Woburn  Woman's  club, 
and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Wo 
burn  Home  for  Aged  Women,  of  which 
she  has  been  vice-president. 

ADAMS,  JASPER,  educator,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1793,  in  Med- 
way,  Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man,  once  noted  as  an  educator  at  West 
Point,  Charleston,  and  elsewhere,  and 
published  The  Elements  of  Moral  Phil 
osophy,  and  other  works.  He  died  Oct. 
25,  1841,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

ADAMS,  JEWETT  W.,  governor.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  Nevada  for  the 
term  of  four  years  from  January,  1883. 

ADAMS,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Greene 
county,  N.  Y.,  from  1833  to  1835.  He  died 
Sept.  28,  1854,  in  Catskill,  N.  Y. 

ADAMS,  JOHN,  second  president  of  the 
United  States,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1735,  in 
Braintree,  Mass.    He  graduated  from  Har 
vard  college  in  1755; 
chose  law  as  a  pro 
fession;    and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1761.  In  1764  he  mar 
ried    Abigail    Smith, 
an    a  c  c  o  m  p  1  ished 
daughter' of  the  Rev. 
William     Smith.      In 
1770   he  was   chosen 
representative     from 
Boston  in  the  Massa 
chusetts       assembly, 
and   in  1774   he   was 
elected  to  the  first  continental  congress. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1776,  and  was  one  of 
the  committee  which  drafted  the  declara 
tion  of  independence  in  June  of  that  year. 
Adams  was  appointed  as  commissioner  to 


the  court  of  France  in  December,  1777, 
and  returned  in  1779.  After  his  return  he 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Massachu 
setts  convention  for  framing  a  constitu 
tion,  and  on  the  29th  of  September,  1779, 
he  was  appointed  minister  plenipotentiary 
to  treat  with  Great  Britain  for  peace  and 
commerce.  He  was  soon  after  appointed 
minister  to  Holland,  and  recalled  in  July, 
1781,  to  Paris.  In  January,  1785,  he  was 
appointed  minister  to  England,  and  oc 
cupied  that  post  until  1788,  when  he  re 
signed  and  returned  home.  He  was  elect 
ed  first  vice-president  of  the  United 
States,  and  took  the  oath  of  office  April 
21,  1789,  which  office  he  held,  by  re-elec 
tion,  until  March  4,  1797.  He  was  elected 
president  in  179C,  and  took  the  oath  of 
office  March  4,  1797,  at  Philadelphia.  He 
was  defeated  for  a  re-election,  and,  at  the 
close  of  his  official  term,  he  retired  to 
his  farm  at  Quincy.  John  Adams  held 
office  over  twenty-five  years,  and  died 
moderately  well  off,  on  July  4,  1826,  with 
the  same  words  on  his  lips  which,  fifty 
years  before,  on  that  day,  he  had  uttered 
on  the  floor  of  congress:  Independence 
forever!  His  principal  publications  were: 
Letters  on  the  American  Revolution;  De 
fense  of  the  American  Constitutions;  an 
Essay  on  Canon  and  Feudal  Law;  a  series 
of  letters  under  the  signature  of  Novang- 
lus;  and  Discourses  on  Davila.  It  was 
as  vice-president  that  he  had  a  seat  in 
the  senate.  In  1856  his  life  and  writings 
were  published  in  ten  volumes,  edited  by 
his  grandson,  C.  F.  Adams. 

ADAMS,  JOHN,  clergyman,  educator, 
son  of  a  revolutionary  officer  of  the  same 
name,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1772,  in  Canter 
bury,  Conn.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1795,  and  taught  for  three  years  at  the 
academy  in  his  native  town.  In  1800  he 
became  rector  of  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  acad 
emy,  and  in  1803  principal  of  Bacon  acad 
emy,  Colchester,  Conn.  In  June,  1810,  he 
was  chosen  principal  of  Phillips  Andover 
acauemy,  wnere  he  remained  for  twenty- 
three  years,  and,  in  addition  to  his  regu 
lar  duties,  took  part  in  the  organization 
of  several  of  the  great  charitable  associa 
tions  that  have  attained  national  im 
portance.  He  resigned  his  office  in  1833, 
and  went  to  Illinois,  where  he  estaij- 
lished  several  hundred  Sunday-schools. 
He  died  April  24,  1863. 

ADAMS,  JOHN,  sailor,  was  born  Nov. 
29,  1796,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  the 
last  survivor  of  all  who  witnessed  the 
victory  gained  by  Hull  in  the  Constitution 
over  Dacres  in  the  Guerriere,  in  1812.  He 
was  subsequently  captured  and  confined  in 
Dartmoor  prison  till  the  end  of  the  war. 
For  nearly  half  a  century  afterward  he 
followed  the  sea,  commanding  some  of  the 
finest  merchantmen  that  sailed  from  Bos 
ton.  He  died  March  17,  1886,  in  Allston, 
Mass. 

ADAMS,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1825  in  Tennessee.  His  first  service  was 
in  the  Mexican  war,  where  he  was  bre- 
vetted  first  lieutenant,  for  gallantry  at 
Vera  Cruz  de  -Rosales,  March  16,  1848. 
At  the  outbreaking  of  the  civil  war  he 
became  a  major-general  in  the  Confeder 
ate  army.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1864,  in 
Franklin,  Tenn. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  COLEMAN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1849  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  universalist  clergyman 
and  editor  of  The  United  States  During 
1801-17;  Historical  Essays;  and  Essays 
in  Anglo-Saxon  Law. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  GREENLEAF,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  30,  1810,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  In  addition  to  his  con 
stant  work  as  a  universalist  clergyman 
he  published  fifteen  volumes,  besides 
pamphlets  and  tracts;  and  edited  Sunday 


school  periodicals  for  twenty-two  years. 
His  principal  works  are:  The  Universal 
ist  Church,  Its  Faith  and  Its  Works; 
Universalism  of  the  Lord's  Prayer;  Talks 
About  the  Bible  to  Young  Folks;  and 
Fifty  Notable  Years,  or  Views  of  the 
Ministry  of  Universalism.  He  died  in  1887. 
ADAM,  JOHN  JAY,  soldier,  educator, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1807,  iu 
Scotland.  In  1826  he  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  and  became  well  known  as 
a  successful  educator.  In  1832  he  served 
in  the  Black  Hawk  war;  and  subsequent 
ly  took  part  in  the  Toledo  war  as  a  lieu 
tenant.  In  1835  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Michigan  constitutional  convention.  In 
1839  was  a  representative  from  Lenawee 
county  to  the  Michigan  legislature,  and 
subsequently  served  several  terms  in  the 
state  senate.  He  was  also  auditor-general 
of  Michigan  for  several  terms. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer  legislator, 
was  born  Sept.  16,  1848,  in  Canada.  He 
attended  the  ordinary  country  schools; 
entered  Columbia  law  college  and  gradu 
ated  in  the  class  of  1876;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  that  year  and  commenced 
practice  in  New  York  city.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  MILTON,  journalist, 
was  born  Sept.  22,  1819,  in  Rumford, 
Maine.  In  1866  he  became  sole  owner  and 
editor  of  the  Eastern  Argus;  and  has 
contributed  numerous  articles  to  maga 
zines. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  R.,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  1802,  in  Plainfield,  Conn.  He  was  ap 
pointed  chaplain  of  the  fifth  Maine  volun 
teers  and  was  present  at  nearly  all  the 
battles  of  the  army  of  the  Potomac,  from 
the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run  to  the  close 
of  the  civil  war.  He  died  April  26,  1866. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  QUINCY,  sixth  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  July 
11,  1767,  in  Braintree,  now  Quincy,  Mass., 
and  at  the  age  of 
eleven  years  he  ac 
companied  his  fath 
er,  John  Adams,  to 
France.  He  attend 
ed  school  in  Paris, 
and  in  1781  accom 
panied  the  American 
ambassador,  Francis 
Dana,  to  Russia  as 
his  private  secretary. 
He  returned  home  in 
1785,  and  entered 
Harvard  college, 

where  he  graduated  in  1788.  He  then  be 
gan  the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  Theophi- 
lus  Parsons.  In  1794  he  was  appointed 
resident  minister  to  the  Netherlands,  and 
afterwards  to  Portugal;  but,  while  on  his 
way  to  Lisbon,  he  received  a  new  com 
mission  from  his  father,  then  president, 
which  changed  him  to  Prussia.  In  1797 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Louisa  Catherine 
Johnson.  He  returned  to  America  in  1801, 
and  in  1802  he  was  elected  to  the  senate 
of  Massachusetts.  In  1803  he  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate,  and  resigned 
his  seat  in  1806.  In  1809  he  was  appointed 
minister  plenipotentiary  to  Russia,  and 
in  1814  he  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the 
American  commissioners  who  negotiated 
the  treaty  of  peace  with  Great  Britain  at 
Ghent.  Mr.  Adams  was  appointed  minis 
ter  to  the  court  of  St.  James  in  1815;  was 
appointed  secretary  of  state  in  1817,  and 
held  the  office  eight  years.  Feb.  9,  1825, 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  United 
States  by  the  house  of  representatives, 
the  electoral  college  having  failed  to  make 
a  choice,  and  was  inaugurated  March  4. 
He  was  defeated  for  a  re-election,  and  on 


24 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


the  4th  of  March,  1829,  he  left  the  execu 
tive  chair  and  retired  to  private  life.  In 
1830  he  was  elected  to  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives,  and  held  the  office  by  re-elec 
tions  until  his  death,  Feb.  23,  1848,  which 
occurred  in  the  capitol  at  Washington  in 
the  speaker's  room,  two  days  after  fall 
ing  from  his  chair  in  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives.  His  last  words  were:  This 
is  the  end  of  earth;  I  am  content.  His 
writings,  though  mainly  political  in  their 
character,  include  several  purely  literary 
works.  Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and  Ora 
tory;  The  Bible  and  Its  Teachings; 
Poems  of  Religion  and  Society;  Letters 
on  Freemasonry;  and  Lives  of  Celebrated 
Statesmen,  and  many  state  papers.  An 
elaborate  history  of  his  life  was  published 
In  1875,  by  his  son,  Charles  Francis 
Adams. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  QUINCY,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1833,  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  and  was  the  eldest  son  of  Charles 
Francis  Adams.  He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1853,  and  admitted  to 
the  Suffolk  bar  in  1855.  During  the  civil 
war  he  was  on  Gov.  Andrew's  staff.  He 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  by  the  town 
of  Qulncy  in  1866.  In  1869  and  1870  he 
was  again  a  member  of  the  legislature. 
In  1867  and  1871  he  was  democratic  candi 
date  for  governor  of  Massachusetts. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  QUINCY,  a  descendant 
of  the  famous  Adams  family  of  Massachu 
setts,  was  born  in  1848,  in  Lancaster, 
N.  H.  He  is  a  charter 
member  of  the  Soci 
ety  of  the  Sons  of 
the  American  Revo 
lution,  and  also 
secretary-general  of 
the  Order  of  the 
Founders  and  Pa 
triots  of  America. 
This  society  em 
braces  the  early  set 
tlers  of  the  colonies 
from  1607  to  1657, 
with  revolutionary 
descent  thereafter.  Mr.  Adams  was  edu 
cated  in  the  Lancaster  academy,  and  has 
been  a  student  of  and  writer  on  political 
subjects  all  his  life.  He  was  a  candidate 
for  congress  in  his  district  in  1896.  He 
is  the  brother  of  Mrs.  Flora  Adams  Dar 
ling,  the  founder-general  of  the  Daugh 
ters  of  the  American  Revolution. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  TURRELL,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1805  in  British  Guiana. 
He  was  a  lawyer  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  and 
the  author  of  The  Knight  of  the  Golden 
Melice,  an  historical  tale;  and  The  Lost 
Hunter.  He  died  in  1882. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  WESLEY,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  May  23,  1832,  and  is  a 
lineal  descendant  of  the  presidents  of  that 
name.  In  1858  he 
joined  the  New 
Hampshire  confer 
ence  of  the  metho- 
dist  episcopal 
church,  and  has  held 
pastorates  in  Rye, 
Derby,  South  New 
market,  North  Sa 
lem,  East  Canaan, 
Winchester,  Great 
Fulls,  Tilton,  New 
port,  Exeter,  and 
Keene.  In  1889  he 
retired  from  active  service,  and  is  now 
liviiiK  in  Methuen,  Mass.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  trustees  of  the  confer 
ence  seminary  and  female  college,  and 
has  held  various  positions  of  honor.  He 
has  rare  literary  attainments,  and  his 
poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  Na 
tional  Poets  of  America  and  other  stan- 
dard  works. 


ADAMS,  JONATHAN,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  July  8,  1798,  in  Taunton,  Mass. 
Many  of  the  important  lines  in  New  York 
and  New  England  were  constructed  under 
his  supervision,  and  for  fifty  years  he 
ranked  as  one  of  the  most  skillful  railroad 
engineers  in  the  country.  He  died  Sept. 
6,  1872. 

ADAMS,  JONATHAN  EDWARDS,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  was  born  April  29,  1822, 
in  Woolwich,  Maine.  He  graduated  from 
the  Phillips  academy  of  Andover,  Mass., 
and  from  the  Hampden  academy,  Bowdoin 
college,  and  the  Bangor  theological  sem 
inary.  He  is  a  successful  clergyman  of 
the  congregational  church,  and  during 
1876-95  was  secretary  of  the  Maine  Mis 
sionary  society.  He  is  an  overseer  of 
Bowdoin  college,  and  a  trustee  of  the 
Bangor  seminary  and  the  Maine  Mission 
ary  society. 

ADAMS,  JOSEPH,  tobacconist,  banker, 
was  born  Jan.  5,  1827,  in  West  Cambridge, 
Mass.  In  1854  he  commenced  the  tobacco 
business,  putting  up  strips  and  leaf  for 
the  English  markets.  In  1867  he  built  an 
additional  establishment,  at  Uniontown, 
Ky.,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most  success 
ful  and  extensive  tobacco  dealers  in  the 
country. 

ADAMS,  J.  McGREGOR,  manufacturer, 
was  born  March  11,  1834,  in  Londonderry, 
N.  H.  In  1858  he  settled  in  Chicago,  repre 
senting  Morris  K.  Jesup  and  Co., the  house 
being  subsequently  merged  into  that  of 
Crerar,  Adams  and  Co.,  which  is  yet  in  ex 
istence,  and  of  which  Mr.  Adams  is  a 
partner.  In  this  concern  and  in  The  Ad 
ams  and  Westlake  Co.,  incorporated  in 
1874  with  a  capital  of  $650,000,  of  which 
he  is  president,  The  Union  Brass  Manu 
facturing  Co.,  and  kindred  concerns,  Mr. 
Adams  manufactures  the  whole  range  of 
goods  called  railroad  supplies,  including 
headlights,  lanterns,  car  trimmings  and 
other  specialties  in  metals,  many  of  them 
patented  articles. 

ADAMS,  JULIUS  WALKER,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1812,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  an  engineer  of  dis 
tinction,  who  has  been  employed  in  many 
important  engineering  works;  and  the 
author  of  Sewers  and  Drains  for  Populous 
Districts. 

ADAMS,  JULIUS  W.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  April,  1840,  in  Westfield,  Mass.  He  was 
graduated  at  West  Point  in  1861,  served 
there  as  assistant  instructor  of  infantry 
tactics  till  June,  1862,  was  wounded  and 
taken  prisoner  at  Gaines'  Mills,  promoted 
captain  in  August,  1862,  and  served  at 
Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettys 
burg,  where  he  commanded  a  regiment, 
and  the  second  battle  of  Cold  Harbor, 
where  he  received  wounds  that  caused  his 
death.  He  died  Nov.  15,  1865,  in  Brook 
lyn.  N.  Y. 

ADAMS,  LOUISE  CATHERINE,  the 
wife  of  John  Quincy  Adams,  was  born 
Feb.  11,  1775,  in  London,  England.  She 
was  the  daughter  of 
Joshua  Johnson  of 
Maryland,  but  passed 
her  early  years  in 
England  and  in 
France.  She  was 
married  to  Mr.  Ad 
ams  July  26,  1797, 
in  London.  She  was 
possessed  of  high  in 
tellectual  qualities; 
well  versed  in  both 
French  and  English 
literature:  translat 
ed  from  the  French;  was  the  author  of  a 
number  of  meritorious  poems;  and  was 
an  accomplished  musician  and  vocalist. 
She  died  May  14,  1852,  and  was  buried 
by  the  side  of  her  husband  in  the  family 
burying  ground  at  Quincy,  Mass. 


ADAMS,  MRS.  MARY  MATHEWS,  edu 
cator,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1840,  in  Ire 
land;  and  is  the  wife  of  Charles  Kendall 
Adams,  president  of 
the  university  of 
Wisconsin.  She  came 
to  America  in  her 
childhood,  and  was 
mainly  educated  at 
the  Packer  institute 
of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
For  ten  years  she 
was  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work,  and 
s  u  b  s  e  q  uently  ac 
quired  success  in  lit 
erary  pursuits.  Her 
verse  is  largely  lyrical,  and  her  themes 
include  romance,  heroism,  and  religion. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  brochure  of  poems 
entitled  The  Choir  Visible;  and  among 
her  other  works  The  Epithalamium  is 
perhaps  the  best  known. 

ADAMS,  MRS.  MARY  NEWBURY,  the 
wife  of  the  late  Judge  Austin  Adams,  of 
Dubuque,  Iowa,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1837,  in 
Peru,  Ind.  In  1868  she  was  urged  to 
speak  before  a  class  of  girls  graduating 
from  the  Lombard  university  of  Gales- 
burg,  111.;  and  since  that  time  her  life 
has  been  devoted  to  the  advancement  of 
women.  She  has  been  vice-president  of 
the  Iowa  Suffrage  association;  trustee  of 
the  Humboldt  college,  Iowa;  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  association  for  Advancement 
of  Women  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  cen 
tury;  and  has  lectured  extensively  bef ore- 
women  graduates. 

ADAMS,  MILWARD,  theatrical  man 
ager,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1857,  in  Lexington, 
Ky.  In  1881  Mr.  Adams  assumed  the  sole 
management  of  Central  music  hall,  but  in 
1887  he  gave  this  up  for  me  management 
of  the  Chicago  Auditorium. 

ADAMS,  MOSES  S.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1826,  in  Rindge, 
N.  H.  In  1854  he  graduated  in  law  from 
the  university  of  Albany,  and  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  an  able  and  success 
ful  lawyer.  For  two  terms  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Kansas  house  of  representa 
tives,  during  which  time  he  was  speaker 
in  that  body.  President  Lincoln  appointed 
him  army  captain  and  commissary  of 
subsistence  of  volunteers  during  the  civil 
war.  He  was  district  attorney  of  the 
sixth  district  of  Colorado;  and  county 
judge  of  Fremont  county  in  that  state. 

ADAMS,  MYRON,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1841  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
congregational  clergyman  of  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  from  1876  until  his  death.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Creation  of  the  Bible; 
and  The  Continuous  Creation,  an  Applica 
tion  of  the  Evolutionary  Philosophy  to 
the  Christian  Religion.  He  died  in  1895. 

ADAMS,  NEHEMIAH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1806,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  a  noted  congregational 
clergyman  of  Boston,  whose  most  famous 
work,  A  South  Side  View  of  Slavery,  pro 
voked  much  hostile  criticism.  Among 
other  works  by  him  are  Walks  to  Em- 
maus:  Scriptural  Argument  for  End 
less  Punishment;  Remarks  on  Unitarian 
Belief;  Life  of  John  Eliot;  Agnes  and 
the  Little  Key;  and  Evenings  with  the 
Doctrines.  He  died  Oct.  6,  1878. 

ADAMS,  NELLIE  E.,  poet,  was  born 
July  12,  1864,  in  Exeter,  N.  H.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Blossoms;  and  a  successful  writer  of 
both  prose  and  verse  for  current  maga 
zines. 

ADAMS,  OSCAR  FAY,  poet.  He  is  the 
author  of  Post-Laureate  Idyls,  and  Other 
Poems;  and  is  a  popular  poet  and  grace 
ful  writer. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


'26 


ADAMS,      PARMENIO,      congressman, 
was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn.     He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Batavia, 
N.  Y.,  from  1823  to  1827. 

ADAMS,  ROBERT,  geologist,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1849, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  graduated  at  the 
university  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1869; 
studied  and  p  r  a  c- 
ticed  law  for  five 
years;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  United 
States  geological 
survey  from  1871  to 
1875,  and  engaged  in 
explorations  of  the 
Yellowstone  park. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  of 
Pennsylvania  from 

1883  to  1887;  graduated  in  1884  from  the 
Wharton  School  of  Economy  and  Finance 
of  the  university  of  Pennsylvania;  was 
appointed  United  States  minister  to  Brazil 
April  1,  1889,  and  resigned  June  1,  1890. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican,  and 
served  on  important  committees. 

ADAMS,  ROBERT  CHAMBLET,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1839  in  Massachusetts, 
and  is  the  son  of  Nehemiah  Adams.  He 
is  the  author  of  History  of  England  in 
Rhyme;  History  of  the  United  States  in 
Rhyme;  On  Board  the  Rocket;  Aids  to 
Endeavor;  Evolution,  a  Summary  of  Evi 
dence;  Travels  in  Faith  from  Tradition 
to  Reason;  and  Pioneer  Pith. 

ADAMS,  ROBERT  H.,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1792  in  Rockbridge, 
Va.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress,  from 
Mississippi,  by  appointment,  from  Jan 
uary  to  May,  in  1830.  He  died  July  2, 
1830',  in  Natchez,  Miss. 

ADAMS,  SAMUEL,  statesman.  He  was 
acting  governor  of  Arkansas  in  1844. 

ADAMS,  SAMUEL,  military  surgeon, 
was  born  in  Maine.  Dr.  Adams  distin 
guished  himself  during  the  civil  war  by 
riding  along  the  advanced  line  of  com 
batants,  and  under  the  fire  of  the  enemy, 
dressing  the  wounds  of  Gen.  Potter,  who 
could  not  be  removed  from  the  spot  where 
he  fell,  and,  but  for  the  action  of  Sur 
geon  Adams,  would  have  lost  his  life.  He 
died  Sept.  9,  1867,  in  Galveston,  Texas. 

ADAMS,  SAMUEL,  governor  of  Massa 
chusetts,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1722,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  and  was  a  cousin  of  President 
John  Adams.  He 
graduated  from  Har 
vard  university  in 
1740;  studied  for  the 
ministry;  received 
the  degree  of  A.  M.  in 
1743;  was  one  of  the 
first  who  organized 
measures  of  resist 
ance  to  the  mother 
country,  and  drew  up 
the  instructions  of 
the  town  of  Boston 
against  taxation  in 

1764.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
1765;  was  chosen  clerk  and  served  in  that 
body  for  ten  years,  and,  it  is  said,  he  sug 
gested  the  congress  that  assembled  at 
New  York  in  1765,  and  the  non-importa 
tion  agreement  of  1769.  He  addressed  a 
public  meeting  the  day  after  the  Boston 
massacre,  and  was  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  to  demand  the  removal  of  the 
troops.  In  1772  he  organized  the  com 
mittee  of  correspondence,  which  was  first 
adopted  by  Massachusetts,  and  followed 
by  all  the  provinces;  was  a  signer  of  the 


declaration  of  independence;  was  one  of 
those  who  matured  the  plan  of  the  conti 
nental  congress,  and  was  delegate  from 
Massachusetts  from  1774  to  1782.  He 
signed  the  articles  of  confederation;  was 
a  member  of  the  state  convention  which 
adopted  the  federal  constitution,  and 
made  some  amendments  to  that  instru 
ment.  On  the  adoption  of  the  state  con 
stitution,  he  was  made  president  of  the 
senate;  was  lieutenant  governor  of 
Massachusetts  from  1789-94,  and  governor 
from  1794-97.  So  ardent  was  his  patriot 
ism,  that  he  was  one  of  the  three  leaders 
who  were  to  be  exempt  from  the  pardon 
offered  in  1775.  As  a  statesman  and  or 
ator  he  fills  a  large  place  in  the  annals  of 
the  American  revolution.  He  died  Oct. 
2,  1803,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ADAMS,  SAMUEL  M.,  clergyman,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1853,  in  Dallas 
county,  Ala.  He  was  twice  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  of  Alabama;  and  was 
president  of  the  Alabama  Farmers'  State 
alliance  for  six  years  in  succession.  For 
twenty  years  he  has  been  a  missionary 
baptist  clergyman,  and  is  now  pastor  of 
the  baptist  church  at  Jemison,  Ala. 

ADAMS,  SETH,  inventor,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  April  13,  1807,  in  Roches 
ter,  N.  H.  In  1836  he  began  the  manu 
facture  of  the  famous  power  printing 
presses  which  had  been  invented  by  his 
brother  Isaac.  For  many  years  he  had 
charge  of  the  Adams  Sugar  Refinery, 
which  was  then  the  largest  of  its  kind  in 
the  United  States.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  the  public  affairs  of  Newton, 
Mass.,  where  he  died  Dec.  7,  1873.  He  left 
large  bequests  of  money  to  Bowdoin  col 
lege,  and  other  institutions;  and  a  mas 
sive  monument  has  been  erected  to  his 
memory. 

ADAMS,  SILAS,  soldier,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1839, 
in  Pulaski  county,  Ky.  He  received  an 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  the 
county,  the  Kentucky  university  of  Har- 
rodsburg,  and  the  Transylvania  of  Lex 
ington.  In  1867  he  entered  the  law  school 
at  Lexington,  and  received  license  to  prac 
tice;  served  two  terms  as  county 'attor 
ney;  served  three  terms  in  the  legisla 
ture;  in  1892  was  nominated  and  voted  for 
by  the  republicans  of  the  state  legislature 
for  speaker,  and  also  for  United  States 
senator.  He  entered  the  union  army  in 
1861  as  first  lieutenant,  first  Kentucky 
volunteer  cavalry;  was  promoted  to  cap 
tain,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  colonel  of 
the  regiment,  and  was  mustered  out  Dec. 
31,  1864.  In  1892  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  republican. 

ADAMS,  STEPHEN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  a  native 
of  Franklin  county,  Tenn.,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  senate  of  that  state.  Re 
moving  to  Mississippi,  he  took  an  active 
part  in  public  affairs;  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature;  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1845  to  1847;  was  elected 
judge  of  the  circuit  court,  and  from  1852 
to  1857  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Mississippi.  He  removed  to  Tennessee, 
with  the  intention  of  practicing  law  at 
Memphis,  where  he  died  of  smallpox, 
May  11,  1857. 

ADAMS,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Virginia  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1778  to  1780,  and 
signed  the  articles  of  confederation. 

ADAMS,  WASHINGTON  IRVING, 
manufacturer,  was  born  March  25,  1832, 
in  New  York  city.  In  1875  he  became 
president  of  S.  Peck  and  Co.,  manufac 
turers  of  photographic  apparatus;  and 
was  for  many  years  vice-president  of  the 
Centennial  Photograph  company. 


ADAMS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  25,  1807,  in  Colchester, 
Conn.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
of  prominence  in 
New  York  city  dur 
ing  1835-80.  He  was 
the  author  of  the 
Three  Gardens: 
Eden,  Gethsemane, 
Paradise;  Conversa 
tions  of  Jesus  Christ 
with  Representative 
Men;  In  the  World, 
Not  of  the  World; 
Thanksgiving,  and 
Memories  of  the  Day 
and  Helps  to  the 
Habit.  He  died  Oct.  31,  1880,  in  Orange 
Mountain,  N.  J. 

ADAMS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  theo 
logian,  author,  was  born  July  3,  1813,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman 
who  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Nasho- 
tah  Theological  seminary,  Wisconsin,  and 
professor  of  systematic  divinity  there  from 
1841.  He  was  the  author  of  Mercy  to 
Babes;  Elements  of  Christian  Science; 
and  New  Treatise  of  Baptismal  Regenera 
tion.  He  died  in  1897. 

ADAMS,  WILLIAM  FORBES,  bishop, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1833,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  Mississippi  bar.  He 
afterward  removed  to  Tennessee,  and  be 
came  a  candidate  for  holy  orders  in  1857. 
Removing  to  Mississippi  while  pursuing 
his  theological  course,  he  was  ordained 
deacon  in  1859;  priest  in  1860,  and  is  now 
a  bishop  in  the  protestant  episcopal 
church  in  the  diocese  of  Easton.  Md. 

ADAMS,  WILLIAM  TAYLOR  (Oliver 
Optic),  educator,  author,  was  born  July 
30,  1822,  in  Medway,  Mass.  He  was 
a  prolific  and  popular  writer  of  books 
for  boys,  and  was  for  many  years 
a  teacher  in  the  Boston  public  schools. 
Among  his  writings  are:  Army  and 
Navy  Series;  Young  America  Abroad 
Series;  Lake  Shore  Series;  and  Starry 
Flag  Series.  In  1867  he  founded  the 
journal  known  as  Our  Boys  and  Girls. 
He  died  in  1897. 

ADAMSON,  WILLIAM  CHARLES,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 
13,  1854,  in  Bowdon,  Ga.  He  spent  his 
youth  alternately  in  working  on  the 
farm  and  in  hauling  goods  and  cotton  be 
tween  Atlanta  and  Bowdon;  took  the  col 
legiate  course  at  Bowdon  college,  gradu 
ating  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1874,  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  being  conferred  a  few 
years  later  by  the  same  institution.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  October,  1876,  and 
has  lived  at  Carrollton,  Ga.,  ever  since. 
He  was  judge  of  the  city  court  of  Carroll- 
ton  from  1885  to  1889,  and  was  attorney 
for  the  city  of  Carrollton  for  a  number  of 
years;  was  presidential  elector  in  1892; 
and  had  never  held  nor  sought  any  other 
office  until  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

ADDAMS,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1776,  in  Lan 
caster  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  from  1822-24.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1825-29;  and  associate 
judge  of  Berks  county  from  1839-42.  He 
died  in  the  spring  of  1858. 

ADDICKS,  GEORGE  B.,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1854,  in 
Hampton,  111.  For  many  years  he  was 
professor  of  German  language  and  litera 
ture  in  the  Iowa  Wesleyan  university  of 
Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa;  and  subsequently  be 
came  president  of  the  Central  Wesleyan 
college  and  clergyman  of  the  German 
methodist  episcopal  church  of  Warren- 
ton,  Mo. 


26 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ADDICKS,  JOHN  EDWARD,  capitalist, 
was  born  Nov.  21,  1841,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  Works  for  the  manufacture  of  gas 
were  built  by  him  in  Jersey  City  and  for 
The  Consumers'  Gas  Co.  of  Chicago,  and 
the  competition  which  he  engendered  led 
to  a  union  of  the  gas  companies  in  Chi 
cago  inio  the  now  noted  Chicago  Gas 
Trust.  In  1884  he  organized  and  became 
president  of  The  Bay  State  Gas  Co.  of 
Boston,  which  constructed  large  works. 
In  1892  he  bought  a  majority  interest  in 
The  Brooklyn  Gas  Co.,  becoming  its  presi 
dent,  and  is  now  largely  interested  in 
other  gas  companies  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
These  operations  have  brought  him  largo 
wealth.  He  has  also  established  a  gas 
making  plant  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

ADDIS,  EMMERSON  W.,  journalist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1853, 
in  Litchfleld,  Conn.  He  is  the  editor  of 
The  Standard  of  Brewster,  N.  Y.;  has 
been  postmaster,  justice  and  trustee  of 
Brewster;  and  in  1895  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  New  York  state  assembly. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1897,  and  has  taken 
an  active  part  on  various  committees. 

ADE,  GEORGE,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  in  1866  in  Illinois.  He  is  a  success 
ful  Chicago  journalist;  and  the  author  of 
Artie,  a  Story  of  the  Streets  and  Town. 

ADEE,  ALVEY  A.,  public  official,  diplo 
matist,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1842,  in  Astoria, 
N.  Y.  He  was  educated  by  private  tutors; 
studied  civil  engineering;  and  was  secre 
tary  of  the  American  legation  at  Madrid, 
Spain,  from  1870  to  1877.  In  1877  he  was 
transferred  to  the  department  of  state  at 
Washington;  in  1878  became  chief  of  the 
diplomatic  division  of  that  department; 
and  in  1882  was  appointed  third  assistant 
secretary  of  state. 

ADEE,  DAVID  GRAHAM,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  31,  1837,  In 
Chelsea,  Mass.  He  was  United  States 
commissioner  to  Sandwich  islands  in 
1883;  during  the  war  he  was  military 
secretary  on  staff  duty,  and  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  New  York  ten  years.  He  is 
the  author  of  the  novel  No.  19  State 
Street,  and  is  still  largely  engaged  in  lit 
erary  work.  The  poems  of  this  great  jur 
ist  have  appeared  in  the  leading  daily 
newspapers  of  America,  and  in  current 
magazines. 

ADGATE,  ASA,  legislator,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  leg 
islature  of  New  York  from  Clinton  county 
from  1798  to  1799;  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Essex  county  from  1815 
to  1817;  and  was  again  a  member  of  the 
legislature  in  1823. 

ADKINSON,  MARY  OSBURN,  temper 
ance  reformer,  was  born  July  28,  1843,  in 
Rush  county,  Ind.  She  is  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  L.  G.  Adkinson,  the  president  of 
the  New  Orleans  university.  She  took  a 
leading  part  in  the  organization  of  the 
Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  society  of 
Madison,  Ind.;  and  was  four  times  unan 
imously  elected  its  president.  She  has 
been  superintendent  of  the  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  union  in  the  state 
of  Louisiana;  and  is  also  matron  in  the 
New  Orleans  university. 

ADLER,  FELIX,  reformer,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  13,  1851,  in  Germany.  He  is 
an  ethical  reformer  of  New  York  city; 
and  the  author  of  Creed  and  Deed;  and 
The  Moral  Instruction  of  Children. 

ADLER,  GEORG,  philologist,  author, 
was  born  in  1821,  in  Germany.  He  was  a 
philologist  of  New  York  city;  and  was 
the  author  of  a  valuable  German  and 
English  dictionary  and  other  educational 
works.  He  died  Aug.  24,  1868,  in  New 
York  city. 


ADRAIN,  GARXETT  B.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1816,  in  New 
York  city.  He  graduated  from  Rutgers 
college  in  1833;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1837.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  Jersey  in  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress;  and  was  also  elected  a 
member  of  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  In 
1861  he  offered  the  resolution  of  thanks 
to  Major  Robert  Anderson  for  his  defense 
of  Fort  Sumter.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1878,  in 
New  Brunswick.  N.  J. 

ADRAIN,  ROBERT.  mathematician, 
was  born  Sept.  30,  1775,  in  Ireland.  He 
taught  school  in  New  Jersey  and  Penn 
sylvania,  contributed  to  scientific  jour 
nals,  and  from  1810  to  1813  was  professor 
of  natural  philosophy  and  mathematics  in 
Rutgers  college;  then  until  1825  in  Col 
umbia  college;  and  from  1827  to  1834  was 
professor  of  mathematics  in  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  edited  Hutton's 
Mathematics,  published  essays  on  the 
figure  and  magnitude  of  the  earth  and  on 
gravity,  and  was  editor  from  1825  to  1829 
of  the  Mathematical  Diary.  He  died  Aug. 
10,  1843,  in  New  Brunswick.  N.  J. 

ADRAIN,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1853,  in  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  president  of 
the  senate  of  New  Jersey  in  1891,  and  suc 
cessively  re-elected  in  1892  and  1893.  He 
was  appointed  prosecutor  of  the  pleas  of 
Middlesex  county  in  1890,  and  continued 
to  hold  the  position  for  several  years. 

ADRIAN,  JAMES,  physician,  was  born 
Jan.  12,  1829,  in  St.  Lawrence  county, 
N.  Y.  In  1876  he  was  a  member  of  the 
electoral  college,  and  his  efforts  in  sup 
port  of  Tilden  and  Hendricks  established 
his  reputation  as  a  political  orator.  In 
1875  he  was  a  delegate  from  the  American 
Medical  association  to  tne  International 
Medical  congress  at  Brussels. 

ADSIT,  ALLEN  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1837,  in  Rut 
land,  N.  Y.  He  studied  law  at  Water- 
town,  N.  Y.,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1859.  He  enlisted  in  the  forty-fourth 
New  York  volunteers  in  1861,  and  par 
ticipated  in  the  principal  battles  in  which 
the  army  of  the  Potomac  was  engaged. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Michigan 
state  legislature  in  1871-72;  and  now 
practices  his  profession  in  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich. 

ADSIT,  NANCY  H.,  art  lecturer,  was 
born  May  21,  1825,  in  Palermo,  N.  Y.  She 
graduated  from  the  Ingham  university, 
and  for  the  past  half  a  century  has  con 
tributed  constantly  to  current  literature. 
Her  contribution  to  the  London  Art 
Journal  and  other  leading  art  publications 
has  made  her  name  well  known  in  art 
circles;  and  to  her  work  is  due  most  of 
the  art  interest  in  Wisconsin,  as  well  as 
in  the  entire  west. 

AGAR,  JOHN  GIRARD,  lawyer,  was 
born  June  3,  1856,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 
He  was  appointed  assistant  United  States 
district  attorney  for  the  southern  dis 
trict  of  New  York.  He  held  this  office 
for  a  year  when  he  resigned  and  became 
the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Agar, 
Ely  and  Fulton.  The  university  of 
Georgetown  conferred  upon  him  the  de 
gree  of  M.  A 

AGARD,  ISAAC  MERRITT,  educator, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1854,  near  Stafford,  Conn. 
He  has  attained  success  in  educational 
work;  and  is  now  principal  of  the  Rock- 
ville  high  school,  Conn.,  and  also  super 
intendent  of  the  east  district  schools.  He 
received  a  thorough  education  at  the 
Amherst  college  and  other  Institutions, 
and  has  had  conferred  upon  him  the  de 
grees  of  M.  A.  and  Ph.  D. 


AGASSIZ.  ALEXANDER,  zoologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1835,  in  Neuchatel, 
Switzerland,  and  is  a  son  of  L.  Agassiz. 
He  is  a  marine  zoologist,  and  came  to 
America  with  his  father,  and  has  dis 
tinguished  himself  in  lines  of  special 
scientific  research.  He  is  the  author  of 
Exploration  of  Lake  Titicaca;  List  of  the 
Echinoderms;  and  Three  Cruises  of  the 
Blake. 

AGASSIZ,  ELIZABETH  CABOT,  na 
turalist,  was  born  in  1822.  In  1850  she 
was  married  to  Professor  Louis  Agassiz. 
She  accompanied  her  husband  on  his 
journey  to  Brazil  in  1865-66;  and  on  the 
Hassler  expedition  in  1871-72;  and  was 
associated  with  him  in  many  of  his 
studies  and  writings.  She  is  the  author 
of  A  First  Lesson  in  Natural  History; 
Edited  Geological  Sketches;  and  also  ed 
ited  Life  and  Correspondence,  of  her  hus 
band,  in  two  volumes. 

AGASSIZ,  JEAN  LOUIS  RODOLPHE, 
educator,  naturalist,  author,  was  born 
May  28,  1807,  in  Switzerland.  He  was  a 
naturalist  of  eminence,  and  the  founder 
of  the  Museum  of  Natural  History  at 
Cambridge.  He  was  the  author  of  Re- 
cherches  sur  les  Poissons  Fossiles;  Lake 
Superior,  Natural  History  of  Fresh  Water 
Fishes  of  Central  Europe;  Etudes  sur  les 
Glaciers;  Systeme  Glaciere;  Methods  of 
Study  in  Natural  History;  Geological 
Sketches;  Structure  of  Animal  Life;  and 
A  Journey  in  Brazil.  He  died  Dec.  14, 
1873,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  His  grave  in 
Mt.  Auburn  is  marked  by  a  boulder  from 
the  glacier  of  the  Aar,  and  shaded  by 
pine  trees  brought  from  Switzerland. 

AGEN,  JAMES  HERMAN,  soldier, 
financier,  legislator,  was  born  April  29, 
1847,  in  Montpelier,  Vt.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  West  Superior  Chamber  of 
Commerce  in  1890-91;  represented  his 
ward  as  alderman  in  1893-94;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Douglas  County  Agricultural 
society  and  also  president  of  the  North 
western  Wisconsin  Fair  association  in 
1895-96.  He  served  two  years  and  nine 
months  in  the  First  New  York  Dragoons; 
was  in  forty-two  battles,  serving  under 
Gen.  Phil.  Sheridan;  and  was  wounded 
in  the  battle  of  Winchester  in  1864.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Wisconsin  state  assem 
bly  in  1896. 

AGNEW,  CORNELIUS  REA,  physician, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Aug.  8,  183Q,  in 
New  York  city.  He  founded  in  1868  the 
Brooklyn  eye  and  ear  hospital,  and  in 
1869  the  Manhattan  eye  and  ear  hospital; 
contributed  numerous  papers  to  the  cur 
rent  medical  journals,  most  of  which  are 
devoted  to  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  and 
he  also  published  brief  monographs  and  a 
Series  of  American  Clinical  Lectures.  He 
died  April  18,  1888,  in  New  York  city. 

AGNEW,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Jan.  5,  1809,  in  Trenton,  N.  J.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Rev.  Joseph 

Stockton       academy, 

s  and      the      Western 

university  of  Penn 
sylvania,  both  of 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  In 
1829  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  prac 
ticed  for  many  years 
in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  In 
1837-38  he  was  a 
delegate  in  conven 
tion  to  amend  the 
constitution  of 
Pennsylvania.  Dur 
ing  1851-63  he  was  president  judge  of  the 
seventh  judicial  district  of  Pennsylvania; 
in  1863-79  was  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Pennsylvania;  and  from  1874-79  was 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Pennsylvania. 


AGNEW,  DAVID  HAYES,  physician 
author,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1818,  in  Lan 
caster  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  successful 
Physician  and  was  for  a  long  time  pro 
fessor  of  surgery  in  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania.  His  writings  were  the 
outcome  of  wide  experience.  Hi.s  works 
are:  Handbook  of  Practical  Anatomy 
Principles  and  Practice  of  Surgery  a 
treatise  on  Surgical  Diseases  and  Injuries 
which  has  been  translated  into  the  Jap 
anese  language.  He  died  in  1892. 

AGNUS,  FELIX,  soldier,  journalist, 
was  born  July  4,  1839,  in  France.  In  1864 
he  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  in  the 
civil  war.  He  is  a  leading  journalist  of 
the  south. 

AHEARN,  JOHN  P.,  merchant,  state 
senator,  was  born  April  18,  1853,  in  New 
\ork  city.  His  early  life  was  devoted  to 
mercantile  pursuits.  In  1882  he  was 
elected  to  the  New  York  state  assembly 
to  the  state  senate  in  1889,  again  in  1891 
1893,  and  in  1895. 

AHL,  JOHN  A.,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  August,  1815  in 
Strasburg,  Pa.  He  received  a  good  En 
glish  education;  studied  medicine  with 
his  father  and  graduated  at  the  Washing 
ton  Medical  college  of  Baltimore.  He 
abandoned  his  profession  in  1850  and 
turned  his  attention  to  various  kinds  of 
manufactures.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress. 

AHRENS,  MARY  A., lawyer,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1836,  in  England 
She  received  her  education  in  the  seminary 
of  Galesburg,  111.;  and  in  1889  graduated 
from  the  Chicago  Union  College  of  Law. 
She  has  been  vice-president  of  the  Pro 
tective  Agency  for  Women  and  Children- 
chairman  of  the  Woman's  School  Suffrage 
association  of  Cook  county;  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Illinois  Woman's  Press 
association. 

AIKEN,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Oct 
30,  1827,  in  Manchester,  Vt.  He  was 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  college  in  1846 
and  at  Andover  Theological  seminary  in 
1853.  From  1859  to  1866  he  was  professor 
of  Latin  at  Dartmouth,  and  from  1866  to 
1869  at  Princeton  college.  From  1869 
to  1871  he  was  president  of  Union  col 
lege. 

AIKEN,  D.  WYATT,  soldier,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  March  17,  1828, 
in  Winnsboro,  S.  C.  He  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  college  in  1849;  taught 
school  for  two  years;  engaged  in  farm 
ing;  and  served  in  the  confederate  army 
during  the  war  of  the  rebellion  from  1861 
until  disabled  by  wounds.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1864,  and  again  in  1866.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Democratic  national  conven 
tion  of  1876;  was  elected  a  representative 
from  South  Carolina  to  the  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth, 
and  forty-ninth  congresses. 

AIKEN,  JOHN,  educator,  was  born  in 
1797  in  Vermont.  He  was  trustee  of  the 
Andover  Theological  seminary,  and  for 
fifteen  years  one  of  the  board  of  com 
missioners  for  foreign  missions.  He  died 
Feb.  11,  1867. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN'     BIOGRAPHY. 


27 


of  honor  in  various  institutions.  She  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  First  Wom 
an  s  Republican  club  of  Wisconsin-  and 
for  nearly  twenty  years  has  been  identified 
as  officer  or  director  with  the  Art  Science 
Class,  a  literary  organization  for  the  pur 
pose  of  developing  a  taste  in  architec- 

ire,   painting,   sculpture   and  science. 

AIKENS,  ANDREW  JACKSON,  manu 
facturer,    journalist,    was    born    Oct.    31 
830,    in    Barnard.   Vt.     In    1856    he    was 
•ity    editor    of    the    Evening   Wisconsin- 
and  m  1864   the  firm   of  Cramer,  Aikens 
and    Cramer,    commenced   publication   of 
the    patent   insides   with   advertisements 
being  the  only  pioneer  house  in  the  busi 
ness. 

AIKIN,  WILLIAM,  governor  of  South 
Carolina,  was  born  in  1806  in  Charleston 
s.  C.  He  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 
college  in  1825;  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1838,  1840,  and  1842- 
was  governor  of  South  Carolina  in  1844; 
and  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1851  to  1857.  He  was  con 
sidered  one  of  the  most  successful  rice- 
planters  in  his  native  state,  and  was  one 
of  the  leading  men  of  his  state  who  did 
not  take  part  in  the  rebellion.  He  was 
also  noted  for  his  liberality,  benevolence 
and  culture  as  a  scholar. 

AIRMAN,  GRANVILLE  P.,  lawyer,  ora 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1857,  in 
London,  Ky.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Kansas,  the  London  seminary,  and  from 
private  instructors.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Eldorado, 
Kan.;  and  was  prosecuting  attorney  of 
Butler  county  in  1882.  In  1883  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  probate  court;  and 
in  1895  received  the  nomination  for  cir 
cuit  judge.  He  has  taken  great  interest 
in  republican  politics,  and  is  well  known 
as  a  brilliant  orator.  For  several  years  he 
was  editor  of  The  Eldorado  Eagle,  and 
has  contributed  extensively  to  current 
literature. 

AIKMAN,  HUGH,  was  born  July  11, 
1790,  in  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  for  a  num 
ber  of  years  president  of  the  New  York 
Marine  Bible  society,  and  was  also  a 
member  of  the  New  York  peace  society. 
He  was  notable  for  his  earnestness  in  ad 
vocating  the  principle  of  peace  in  the  in 
tercourse  of  nations  with  each  other.  He 
died  in  1867  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


AINSWORTH,  FRANK  BEVERIDGE 
reformer,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1841  in  Lis 
bon,  N.  Y.  In  1870  he  was  a  delegate  from 
the  state  of  Indiana  to  the  international 
congress  on  penitentiary  and  reformatory 
discipline  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  and  in 
1867  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Indiana 
House  of  Refuge. 

AINSWORTH,  JAMES  GALVESTON 
farmer,  merchant,  legislator,  was  born 
May  26,  1846,  in  Copiah  county,  Miss  He 
is  a  successful  farmer  and  merchant  of 
Ainsworth,  Miss.;  and  in  1896  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  state  legis 
lature,  his  term  expiring  in  1900. 

AINSWORTH,  LABAN,  clergyman  was 
born  July  19.  1757,  in  Woodstock  Conn 
He  graduated  from  Dartmouth  college  in 
1778,  and  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Jaffrey  in  1782,  where  he  re 
mained  until  his  death,  seventy-six 
years.  This  is  probably  the  longest  pas 
torate  on  record.  He  died  March  17  1858 
in  Jaffrey,  N.  H. 

AINSWORTH,  LUCIEN  LESTER,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  21,  1831,  in  New  Woodstock,  N.  Y.  He 
was  educated  at  the  common  schools  and 
at  the  Oneida  Conference  seminary,  New 
York;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1854.  In  1855  he  removed  to 
West  Union,  Iowa;  was  a  member  of  the 
lower  house  and  senate  of  the  state  for 
several  years;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Iowa  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress.  He  entered  the  union  army  in 
1862  as  captain  in  the  sixth  regiment 
Iowa  cavalry,  and  served  for  three  years 
against  the  Indians  in  the  northwest. 

AITKEN,  DAVID  D.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1854,  in  Genesee 
county,  Mich.  He  started  in  life  as  a 
bookkeeper,  then  became  a  teacher,  and 
in  1878  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1880 
he  •  organized  the  Venus  Tent  of  the 
Knights  of  the  Maccabees,  of  which  order 
he  was  elected  supreme  commander  in 
1882,  and  supreme  counselor  and  great 
commander  in  1892.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Flint,  Mich.,  and  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses. 


AIKENS,  AMANDA  L,  editor,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  May  12,  1833,  in  North 
Adams,  Mass.  Since  1887  she  has  been 
editor  of  The  Woman's  World,  a  special 
department  of  The  Evening  Wisconsin, 
of  Milwaukee,  Wis.;  of  which  publica 
tion  her  husband  is  one  of  the  proprietors. 
She  has  been  president  of  the  Board  of 
Local  Charities  and  Corrections;  was  two 
years  president  of  the  Woman's  club  of 
Milwaukee,  and  has  filled  other  positions 


AIKMAN,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1824  in  Italy.  He  was  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman;  and  the  author 
of  The  Moral  Power  of  the  Sea;  Life  at 
Home,  or  the  Family  and  Its  Members; 
The  Altar  in  the  Home;  and  A  Bachelor's 
Talks  about  Married  Life. 

AINSLIE,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1838,  near 
Boonville,  Mo.  He  attended  the  St.  Louis 
university  two  years;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1860,  and  removed 
to  Colorado.  In  1862  he  settled  in  that 
portion  of  Washington  territory  which 
now  constitutes  the  territory  of  Idaho; 
served  in  the  territorial  legislature,  and 
was  president  of  the  council  during  one 
session.  He  was  editor  of  a  newspaper 
from  1869  to  1873;  was  elected  district  at 
torney  in  1874,  and  re-elected  in  1876.  He 
was  elected  a  delegate  from  Idaho  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses. 

AINSLIE,  HEW,  poet,  was  born  in 
1792  in  Scotland.  He  was  a  Scottish  poet 
who  emigrated  to  America  in  1822  and 
lived  mainly  in  Kentucky.  He  was  the 
author  of  Pilgrimage  to  the  Land  of 
Burns,  a  prose  work  with  lyrics  inter 
spersed;  and  Scottish  Songs.  Ballads,  and 
Poems.  He  died  in  1878. 


AITKEN,  ROBERT,  journalist  author, 
was  born  in  1734,  in  Scotland.  He  set 
tled  in  Philadelphia  in  1769,  and  published 
the  Pennsylvania  Magazine,  or  American 
Monthly  Museum,  in  1775-76,  having  Hop- 
kinson  and  Witherspoon  for  contributors, 
and  was  imprisoned  in  1777  for  his  at 
tachment  to  the  cause  of  independence. 
He  printed  the  first  American  Bible  in 
1782,  and  is  reputed  to  have  been  the 
author  of  An  Inquiry  Concerning  the 
Principles  of  a  Commercial  System  for 
the  United  States.  He  died  July,  1802,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

AKELEY,  HEALY  CADY,  lumber  mer 
chant,  was  born  March  16,  1836,  in  Stowe, 
Vt.  He  was  educated  in  the  local  schools, 
and  began  life  as  a  farmer  and  surveyor, 
and  later  became  a  lawyer.  In  1863,  he 
enlisted  in  the  second  Michigan  cavalry 
as  a  private,  and  was  mustered  out  in 
1865  as  adjutant  of  the  regiment.  In 
1872,  he  went  into  the  manufacture  of 
lumber  in  Grand  Haven,  Mich.,  and  con 
tinued  therein  until  removal  to  Minne 
apolis  in  1887.  He  was  mayor  of  Grand 
Haven  two  terms,  and  1866-81  collector 
of  customs  for  the  district  of  Michigan. 
Mr.  Akeley  is  now  president  of  The  H.  C. 
Akeley  Lumber  Co.  of  Minneapolis,  in 
partnership  with  Charles  H.  Hackley  and 
Thomas  Hume,  of  Muskegon,  Mich.,  pres 
ident  of  The  Itasca  Lumber  Co.,  and  presi 
dent  of  The  Flour  City  National  bank  and 
The  Metropolitan  Trust  Co. 


28 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


AKER,  LEONARD,  farmer,  soldier,  leg 
islator,  was  born  in  1842  in  Ravenna,  Ohio. 
He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  company  F, 
twelfth  regiment  Indiana  volunteer  in 
fantry.  After  serving  thirteen  months, 
was  mustered  out  at  expiration  of  service, 
May  27,  1862.  He  re-enlisted  Aug.  15, 
1862,  to  serve  three  years,  in  company  F, 
one  hundredth  Indiana  volunteers.  Com 
missioned  second  lieutenant;  promoted  to 
first  lieutenant;  and  then  captain,  July 
28,  1864,  which  rank  he  held  when  mus 
tered  out  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Cap 
tain  Aker  was  appointed  on  the  commis 
sion  to  locate  the  Kansas  soldiers'  graves, 
and  to  erect  a  monument  to  the  memory 
of  the  fallen  heroes  of  the  eighth  Kansas, 
on  the  fields  of  Chickamauga  and  Mission 
Ridge,  at  the  Chattanooga  cemetery,  in 
1895.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Kansas  state  legislature  in 
1897. 

AKER,  WILLIAM  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  in  Darke  county,  Ohio. 
He  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati  law 
school  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
that  city  in  1872,  but  shortly  after  re 
moved  to  Eaton,  Ohio.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  as  lieutenant  of  company  H, 
ninety-third  Ohio  volunteer  infantry,  and 
in  1897  was  post  commander  of  Calep 
Marker  post,  G.  A.  R.,  at  New  Paris.  He 
was  elected  to  the  seventy-first  general 
assembly  of  the  Ohio  state  legislature  as 
a  republican;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
seventy-second  general  assembly. 

AKERLY,  SAMUEL,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1785.  He  was  graduated  at 
Columbia  college  in  1804.  He  contributed 
to  medical  and  scientific  periodicals,  was 
active  in  establishing  institutions  for  deaf 
mutes  and  the  blind,  and  published  an 
Essay  on  the  Geology  of  the  Hudson 
River  and  Observations  on  Deafness.  He 
died  July  6,  1845,  on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 
AKERMAN.  AMOS  TAPPAN,  lawyer, 
was  born  1819  in  New  Hampshire.  He 
graduated  from  Dartmouth  college  in 
1842,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841, 
and  settled  in  Elberton,  Ga.,  in  1850.  He 
followed  his  state  in  secession  in  1861, 
and  served  the  confederate  government 
in  the  quartermaster's  department;  but 
after  the  war  he  was  a  republican  and 
reconstructionlst.  He  was  appointed  dis 
trict  attorney  for  Georgia  in  1866  and  at 
torney-general  of  the  United  States  in 
1870,  remaining  in  that  office  until  1872. 
AKERS,  BENJAMIN  PAUL,  sculptor, 
was  born  July  16,  1825,  in  Westbrook, 
Maine.  His  best  known  works  are:  Peace; 
Saint  Elizabeth  of  Hungary;  Diana  and 
Endymion;  Paul  and  Francesca;  Mil 
ton;  and  The  Dead  Pearl  Diver.  He  died 
May  21,  1861,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

AKERS,  THOMAS  PETER,  congress 
man.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  thirty-fourth  con 
gress  for  the  unexpired  term  of  J.  G.  Mil 
ler,  and  served  one  session. 

AKINS,  FRANCIS  ASAHEL,  farmer 
and  secretary  State  Grange,  was  born  Jan. 
2,  1849,  in  Mayfield,  Ohio.  He  graduated 
from  the  Baldwin  university  of  Berea, 
Ohio.  He  was  president  of  the  state  asso 
ciation  of  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  associa 
tions;  in  1890  was  elected  secretary  of 
the  Ohio  State  Grange  Patrons  of  Hus 
bandry,  and  received  the  re-election  for 
four  successive  terms. 

ALBAUGH,  JOHN  W.,  actor,  was  born 
Sept.  30,1837,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1875  he 
gained  popularity  in  the  play  Louis  XI; 
and  since  that  time  has  been  manager  of 
the  Holiday  Street  theater,  and  the  lessee 
of  the  popular  Albaugh  Grand  Opera 
House  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is  also 
the  possessor  of  the  most  varied  and  ex 
tensive  dramatic  library  In  America. 


ALBEE,  JOHN,  author,  poet,  was  born 
In  1833,  in  Bellingham,  Mass.  He  grad 
uated  from  Phillip  academy  of  Andover, 
Mass.,  and  the  Har 
vard  university.  For 
many  years  he  was  a 
successful  clergy 
man.  He  has  writ 
ten  extensively  and 
published  the  fol 
lowing  boo«vs:  Lit 
erary  Art;  An  In 
dian  Idyl;  History 
of  New  Castle, 
N.  H.;  and  Prose 
Idyls.  He  has  been 
a  constant  contrib 
utor  to  the  leading  magazines  and  period 
icals  of  America,  and  his  poems  have 
been  given  prominence  in  standard  publi 
cations. 

ALBERGER,  FRANKLIN  AUGUSTUS, 
business  man,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1825,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  appointed  canal 
commissioner  in  1862,  serving  six  years; 
was  elected  to  the  assembly  in  1871,  and 
re-elected  for  the  three  following  terms. 
With  the  close  of  his  assembly  term  he 
retired  from  public  life  and  devoted  him 
self  to  private  business.  He  died  Aug. 
24,  1877. 

ALBERT,  JOHN  S.,  engineer,  was  born 
in  1835.  He  entered  the  navy  in  1855 
from  New  York,  and  was  appointed  chief 
engineer  in  1861,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  during  the  war  with  credit.  He 
died  July  3,  1880,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ALBERT,  WILLIAM  J.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1816,  at  Bal 
timore,  Md.  He  was  educated  at  St. 
Mary's  college;  was  a  merchant;  retired 
from  business  in  1856,  and  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1864.  He  was  subse 
quently  interested  in  banking  and  manu 
factures,  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third  congress  as  a  republican. 

ALBERTSON,  NATHANIEL,  congress 
man,  was  born  In  Virginia.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
the  first  congressional  district  of  Indiana 
from  1849  to  1851. 

ALBRIGHT,  ANDREW,  inventor,  was 
born  June  23,  1831,  in  Dry  den,  N.  Y.  He 
is  the  inventor  of  rubber  bound  and  set 
brushes,  which  his  firm,  the  Rubber  and 
Celluloid  Harness  Trimmings  Company, 
manufacture;  and  also  of  a  great  part  of 
the  machinery  used  in  manufacturing  his 
inventions. 

ALBRIGHT,  CHARLES,  lawyer^  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1830,  in  Berks  county,  Pa.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Dickinson 
college;  studied  law 
and  came  to  the  bar 
I  in  1852.  In  1854  he 
I  visited  Kansas,  and 
in  1856  returned  to 
I  Pennsylvania;  1  n 
1860  was  a  delegate 
to  the  republican  na 
tional  convention; 
entered  the  army  in 
1862;  was  commis 
sioned  colonel,  com 
manding  the  third 
brigade  at  Chancellorsville,  and  was 
placed  in  command  at  Camp  Muhlenburg, 
Pa.,  to  organize  troops.  In  July  he  was 
seni  to  Philadelphia  to  assist  in  the  draft; 
in  September,  1864,  was  assigned  to  an 
independent  command  to  protect  rail 
roads  and  the  outer  defenses  of  Washing 
ton,  and  In  March,  1865,  was  promoted  to 
brevet  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 
After  the  war  he  was  sent  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  Lehigh  military  district  to 


pacify  tumults  in  the  mining  regions;  in 
1865  was  mustered  out  of  service,  and 
in  1872  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican 
national  convention  at  Philadelphia.  '  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

ALBRIGHT,  CHARLES  J.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
elected  from  the  state  of  Ohio  as  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress. 

ALBRIGHT,  E.LIZA  DOWNING,  edu 
cator,  temperance  worker,  was  born 
March  13,  1847,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  After 
her  marriage  in  1867  to  the  Rev.  Louis  M. 
Albright,  she  was  engaged  in  teaching 
mathematics  and  natural  sciences  in  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  female  college;  and  has 
also  filled  the  chair  of  mathematics  in  the 
Depauw  female  college,  of  which  institu 
tion  her  husband  was  president.  Since- 
1877  she  has  been  identified  with  the  Ohio 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union 
and  the  Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  so 
ciety,  and  has  filled  numerous  positions 
of  honor  as  secretary,  chairman  and 
speaker. 

ALBRIGHT,  JACOB,  clergyman,  was. 
born  May  1,  1759,  in  Pottstown,  Pa.  Be 
ginning  a  religious  life  in  1790,  and  being 
successful  as  an  exhorter,  he  soon  be 
came  a  methodist  minister.  He  made 
many  converts,  'almost  exclusively  Ger 
mans,  and  in  1800  a  separate  church  or 
ganization  was  created  for  them,  Albright 
being  their  first  presiding  elder.  He  was 
appointed  bishop  in  1807.  His  denomina 
tion  is  now  known  as  the  evangelical  as 
sociation,  but  in  many  places  its  adher 
ents  are  named  Albrights.  He  died  in 
1808. 

ALBROOK,  J.  B.,  educator,  clergyman, 
was  born  July  18,  1844,  in  Monroe,  Pa. 
In  1870  he  graduated  from  the  Cornell  col 
lege,  Iowa.  In  1863  he  was  first  lieuten 
ant  in  Milo  guards;  in  1874  was  chaplain 
of  the  Iowa  Independent  Order  Good  Tem 
plars;  in  1892  was  department  chaplain  of 
the  Iowa  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 
In  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  general 
conference  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church;  and  is  now  pastor  of  one  of  the 
largest  and  best  churches  in  Iowa  meth- 
odism. 

ALBUOY,  WILLIAM  A.  H.,  clergyman, 
was  born  July  19,  1861,  in  Bermuda,  "West 
Indies.  In  1888  he  graduated  from  the 
Lincoln  university,  Virginia,  and  pursued 
his  theological  studies  in  the  same  institu 
tion.  In  1891  he  was  ordained  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman.  He  has  organized  four 
churches  in  Charlotte  county,  Va. ;  and  in 
1897  became  moderator  of  the  presbytery 
of  southern  Virginia. 

ALCORN,  JAMES  LUSK,  lawyer,  gen 
eral,  governor  of  Mississippi,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1816, 
near  Golconda,  111.  He  settled  in  Ken 
tucky;  was  educated  at  Cumberland  col 
lege;  was  appointed  deputy  sheriff  of  Liv 
ingston  county,  and  held  the  office  for  five 
years.  In  1843  he  was  elected  to  the  leg 
islature;  removed  in  1844  to  Mississippi; 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  law,  and 
served  sixteen  years  in  the  legislature  of 
that  state  in  the  house  and  senate.  In 
1852  he  was  chosen  elector,  and  was  nomi 
nated  for  governor  in  1857,  but  declined. 
He  was  founder  of  the  levee  system  in  his 
state,  and  in  1858  was  chosen  president 
of  the  levee  board  of  the  Mississippi- 
Yazoo  delta.  He  was  elected  to  the  state 
convention  of  1851,  and  again  to  that  of 
1861,  the  latter  body  electing  him  a  briga 
dier-general.  In  1865  he  was  elected  to 
the  senate  of  the  United  States,  but  not 
allowed  to  take  his  seat.  In  1869  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Mississippi,  and  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  the  United  States 
in  1871  for  six  years. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ALCOTT,  AMOS  BRONSON,  educator, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1799, 
in  Wolcott,  Conn.  He  was  a  philosopher 
of  a  singularly  unpractical  type,  whose 
personality  was  of  greater  interest  than 
his  writings.  He  was  the  author  of  Con 
versations  with  Children  on  the  Gospels; 
Table  Talk,  Emerson;  Essays;  Tablets, 
Concord  Days,  Sonnets,  and  Canzonets; 
and  New  Connecticut,  a  poem.  He  died 
March  4,  1888,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
the  father  of  Louisa  May  Alcott. 

ALCOTT,  LOUISA  MAY,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  29,  1832,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 
She  was  a  writer  whose  books  for  young 
people  have  been  widely  popular.  She 
served  as  a  hospital  nurse  in  Washing 
ton  in  1862-63.  She  was  the  author  of 
Little  Women;  Little  Men;  An  Old-Fash- 
ioned  Girl;  Eight  Cousins;  Under  the 
Lilacs;  Moods;  Hospital  Sketches,  and  A 
Modern  Mephistopheles.  The  thoughtful 
poem,  Thoreau's  Flute,  is  her  finest  effort. 
She  died  March  6,  1888,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ALCOTT,  WILLIAM  ALEXANDER,  re 
former,  author,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1798,  in 
Wolcott,  Conn.  He  was  an  energetic, 
earnest  writer  upon  diet  reform,  and  the 
author  of  The  House  I  Live  In;  Vegetable 
Diet;  and  Library  of  Health.  He  died 
March  29,  1859,  in  Auburndale,  Mass. 

ALDEN,  CYNTHIA  M.  WESTOVER, 
educator,  journalist,  was  born  May  31, 
1862,  in  Afton,  Iowa  She  is  a  graduate 
of  the  Colorado  state  university  and  the 
Denver  business  college.  She  has  been  a 
teacher  of  geology,  bookkeeping  and  vocal 
music,  and  as  a  soprano  soloist  she  sang 
for  several  years  in  the  New  York  church 
choirs.  In  1887  she  became  inspector  of 
customs  of  the  United  States  government 
in  New  York  City,  making  some  of  the 
most  important  seizures  in  the  service. 
For  many  years  she  was  engaged  in  the 
state  museum  of  natural  history,  in  the 
geological  department  and  the  cata 
loguing  of  gems,  etc.,  which  was  to  her 
more  a  work  of  pleasure  than  labor.  She 
resigned  her  position  in  the  museum  to 
•devote  herself  entirely  to  journalistic 
work;  for  several  years  was  editor  of  the 
woman's  department  of  the  New  York 
Recorder;  and  is  now  the  editor  of  the 
woman's  department  of  the  New  York 
Tribune. 

ALDEN,  EBENEZER,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  17,  1788,  in  Ran 
dolph,  Mass.  He  was  of  the  seventh  gen 
eration  from  John  Alden  of  Mayflower 
memory,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1808.  He  studied  medicine  at  Dartmouth 
and  at  the  university  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  followed  his  profession  throughout 
Tils  life  in  his  native  town.  He  published 
Historical  Sketches  of  the  Massachusetts 
Medical  Society;  Memoirs  of  Mrs.  M.  A.  O. 
•Clark,  and  the  Alden  Memorial  (Boston, 
1867).  He  died  Jan.  26,  1881,  in  Ran 
dolph,  Mass. 

ALDEN,  EMILY  GILLMORE,  edu 
cator,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1834,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  She  has  taught  in  Castleton, 
Vt.,  and  now  has  charge  of  the  depart 
ments  of  history,  rhetoric  and  English 
literature  in  the  Monticello  seminary  of 
Godfrey,  111.  She  is  the  author  of  numer 
ous  meritorious  poems,  and  has  contrib 
uted  extensively  to  current  literature. 

ALDEN,  GEORGE  ADELBERT,  mer 
chant,  was  born  April  7,  1830,  in  Hope, 
Maine.  He  started  a  brokerage  business 
in  drugs  and  crude  rubber,  adopting  the 
firm  name  of  George  A.  Alden  and  Co.  In 
1878  his  oldest  son,  Adelbert  Henry  Alden, 
then  just  of  age,  came  into  the  concern 
as  a  partner.  The  firm  now  enjoy  a 
large  business  in  importing  rubber,  and 
have  gradually  come  to  deal  in  various 
•other  foreign  products. 


ALDEN,  HENRY  MILLS,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1836,  in 
Mount  Tabor,  Vt.  He  received  a  college 
education,  and  in  1869  he  became  man 
aging  editor  of  Harper's  Magazine.  He 
is  the  author  of  the  poem,  The  Ancient 
Lady  of  Sorrow;  and,  jointly  with  A.  H. 
Guernsey,  Harper's  Pictorial  History  of 
the  Great  Rebellion,  Mr.  Guernsey  writ 
ing  the  eastern  campaigns  and  Mr.  Alden 
the  western.  He  is  also  the  author  of 
God  in  His  World,  and  A  Study  of  Death. 

ALDEN,  HIRAM,  legislator,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  in  October,  1792,  in 
Ashfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  representative 
from  Branch  county  in  1835  in  the  Michi 
gan  s/ate  legislature,  and  was  of  the  sev 
enth  generation  from  John  Alden,  of 
Mayflower  fame.  In  1838  he  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  of  internal  im 
provements  of  Michigan,  and  was  acting 
railroad  commissioner  at  the  time  of  the 
construction  of  the  railroad  from  Detroit 
to  Pontiac.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1838,  in 
Detroit,  Mich.,  and  was  followed  to  his 
grave  by  six  hundred  officials  and  labor 
ers,  who  insisted  on  paying  the  expenses 
as  their  tribute  to  a  friend  and  an  honest 
man. 

ALDEN,  ICHABOD,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  11,  1739,  in  Duxbury,  Mass.  He  was 
a  great-grandson  of  John  Alden  of  the 
original  Plymouth  colony.  Before  the 
revolution  he  was  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  Plymouth  regiment,  and  he  held  the 
same  rank  in  Baldwin's  regiment  at  the 
siege  of  Boston.  Subsequently  he  was 
promoted  to  the  colonelcy  of  the  7th  Mas 
sachusetts  regiment.  He  was  killed  by 
Indians  at  Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y.  He  died 
Nov.  10,  1778. 

ALDEN,  ISABELLA  MACDONALD,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1841,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.  In  1866  she  was  married  to  the 
Rev.  G.  R.  Alden,  and  resides  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  Her  books  are  peculiarly 
adapted  to  the  use  of  the  youth  of  this 
country;  and  most  of  them  have  been 
adopted  in  Sunday  school  libraries 
throughout  the  United  States.  She  is  au 
thor  of  a  popular  juvenile  series  called 
Pansy  Books,  embracing  nearly  sixty 
titles,  most  of  which  are  adapted  to  the 
use  of  Sunday  school  libraries.  Mrs.  Al 
den  has  from  the  beginning  been  identi 
fied  with  the  Chautauqua  system  of  in 
struction,  and  also  edits  Pansy,  a  juvenile 
publication. 

ALDEN,  JAMES,  naval  officer,  was 
born  March  31,  1810,  in  Portland,  Maine. 
He  was  appointed  midshipman  in  1828, 
and  in  that  capacity  accompanied  the 
Wilkes  exploring  expedition  around  the 
world  in  1838-42.  He  was  commissioned 
commodore  in  1866,  and  two  years  later 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  navy  yard 
at  Mare  Island,  Cal.  He  died  Feb.  6, 
1877,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

ALDEN,  JOHN,  magistrate  of  the  Ply 
mouth  colony,  was  born  in  1599  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  hired  as  a  cooper  at  South 
ampton,  where  the  Mayflower  was  un 
dergoing  repairs,  and  signed  the  compact 
in  her  cabin  in  1620.  He  married  Pris- 
cilla  Mullens  in  1621,  and  the  incident  of 
his  courtship  has  been  made  the  subject 
of  one  of  Longfellow's  longer  poems.  He 
died  Sept.  12,  1687,  in  Duxbury,  Mass. 

ALDEN,  JOSEPH,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  4,  1807,  in  Cairo,  N.  Y.  He 
was  an  industrious  contributor  to  educa 
tional  and  Sunday-school  literature.  He 
was  for  many  years  president  of  the  nor 
mal  school  at  Albany;  and  was  the  author 
of  Example  of  Washington;  Citizen's 
Manual;  Christian  Ethics;  The  Science  of 
Government;  Studies  in  Bryant,  and 
other  works.  He  died  Aug.  30,  1885,  in 
New  York. 


ALDEN,  ROGER,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  11,  1754,  in  Lebanon,  Conn.  He  was 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1773,  and  served  in 
the  revolutionary  war  as  aide  to  General 
Greene.  Subsequently  he  became  agent 
of  the  Holland  Land  company,  and  re 
sided  at  Meadville,  Pa.,  from  1795  to  1825. 
He  was  appointed  ordnance  storekeeper  at 
West  Point  in  1825,  and  remained  as  such 
until  his  death.  He  was  a  great-grandson 
of  John  Alden.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1836,  in 
West  Point,  N.  Y. 

ALDEN,  TIMOTHY,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1771, 
in  Yarmouth,  Mass.  He  studied  at  Har 
vard,  distinguishing  himself  by  his  knowl 
edge  of  oriental  languages,  and  was  grad 
uated  in  1774.  From  1799  to  1805  he  was 
pastor  to  the  congregational  church  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  where  from  1800  to 
1808  he  taught  school.  Subsequently  he 
conducted  schools  for  young  ladies  in 
Boston,  Newark,  Cincinnati,  and  East 
Liberty,  Pa.  In  1817  he  founded  Alle- 
ghany  college,  Meadville,  Pa.,  and  be 
came  its  first  president,  retiring  in  1831. 
He  published  a  collection  of  epitaphs  and 
inscriptions  in  five  volumes  entitled:  An 
Account  of  Sundry  Missions  Among  the 
Senecas,  and  other  works,  and  prepared 
a  valuable  catalogue  of  the  library  of  the 
New  York  historical  society.  He  died 
July  5,  1839,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

ALDEN,  TIMOTHY,  inventor  of  a  ma 
chine  for  setting  and  distributing  type, 
was  born  in  1819  in  Barnstable,  Mass.  He 
was  sixth  in  descent  from  John  Alden, 
the  Mayflower  Pilgrim.  When  very  young 
and  a  compositor  in  his  brother's  print 
ing  office  he  said:  If  I  live  I  will  invent 
a  machine  to  do  this  tiresome  work.  He 
steadily  pursued  this  object,  and  after 
twenty  years'  labor  accomplished  it.  It 
was  improved  after  his  death  by  Henry 
W.  Alden.  He  died  Dec.  4,  1858,  in  New 
York. 

ALDEN,  WILLIAM  LIVINGSTON,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1837,  in  Williams- 
town,  Mass.  He  was  a  humorous  writer 
who  has  for  some  time  resided  in  Lon 
don.  He  was  the  author  of  A  New  Rob 
inson  Crusoe;  Domestic  Explosions; 
Shooting  Stars;  Moral  Pirates;  Cruise  of 
the  Canoe  Club;  and  Life  of  Christopher 
Columbus. 

ALDERSON,  JOHN  DUFFY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1854,  at 
Nicholas  Court-House,  W.  Va.  He  re 
ceived  a  common-school  education; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
when  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  was 
appointed  prosecuting  attorney  in  each  of 
the  counties  of  Nicholas  and  Webster,  to 
fill  vacancies  occasioned  by  the  death  of 
his  father,  Hon.  Joseph  A.  Alderson;  and 
in  1876  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney 
for  these  counties,  and  was  twice  re- 
elected,  serving  until  Jan.  1,  1889.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty- 
second  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

ALDHICH,  ANNE  REEVE,  poet,  novel 
ist,  was  born  April  25,  1866,  in  New  York 
City.  Her  poems  have  constantly  ap 
peared  in  Lippincott's  Magazine,  The 
Century,  and  various  other  periodicals. 
She  is  the  author  of  the  Rose  of  Flame 
and  Other  Poems  of  Love;  Songs  About 
Life,  Love  and  Death;  and  a  novel  enti 
tled  The  Feet  of  Love.  She  died  in  Ifcj2. 

ALDRICH,  CHARLES,  journalist,  was 
born  Oct.  2,  1828,  in  Ellington,  N.  Y.  He 
spent  one  year  in  Jamestown  academy. 
In  1857  he  went  to  Iowa  and  established 
the  Freeman  in  Webster  City.  He  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Iowa  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  1882-83.  Mr.  Aldrich  is  the 
author  of  many  of  the  important  laws  of 
Iowa. 


30 


HEKHINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ALDRICH,  CYRUS,  contractor,  public 
official,  congressman,  was  born  in  June, 
1808,  in  Smithfleld,  R.  I.  He  received  a 
common-school  education;  followed  the 
various  occupations  of  a  sailor,  a  boat 
man,  a  farmer,  a  contractor  on  public 
works,  and  a  mail  contractor;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Illinois  legislature,  and  also  a 
register  of  deeds  and  register  of  the  land 
office  at  Dixon,  in  that  state,  for  four 
years.  Having  removed  to  Minnesota,  he 
was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  con 
vention  of  that  state  and  member  of  the 
county  board  of  Hennepin  county,  in  that 
state.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Minnesota  to  the  thirty-sixth  and 
thirty-seventh  congresses.  After  leaving 
congress  he  was  appointed  commissioner 
to  settle  claims  against  the  Sioux  Indians. 
In  18G7  he  was  appointed  postmaster  at 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 

ALDRICH,  EMMA  B.,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  April  4,  1845,  in 
Cape  May  county,  N.  J.  In  1864  she  grad 
uated  from  the  state  normal  school  of 
Trenton,  N.  J.;  and  subsequently  attained 
success  in  educational  work.  She  was 
married  in  1866  to  Mr.  Lev!  L.  Aldrich; 
and  in  connection  with  her  husband  pub 
lished  the  Public  Record  of  Cawker  City, 
Kan.  She  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  national  woman's  relief  corps,  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  woman's  Hesperian 
library  club,  and  the  founder  of  the  Kan 
sas  woman's  press  association. 

ALDRICH,  FLORA  L.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1859,  in  Westford, 
N.  Y.  In  1883  she  was  married  to  Dr. 
A.  G.  Aldrich,  of  Adams,  Mass.  In  1877 
she  graduated  from  the  medical  depart 
ment  of  the  Minnesota  state  university, 
and  has  since  taken  post-graduate  courses 
in  the  best  schools  in  America  and  Eu 
rope.  She  has  attained  eminence  as  a 
successful  physician  and  surgeon  of 
Anoka,  Minn.;  is  at  the  head  of  several 
literary  and  scientific  organizations;  and 
contributed  extensively  to  current  litera 
ture. 

ALDRICH,  FRANCIS  FREDERICK, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1845, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  law  department  of  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1866.  He  has  published 
A  Digest  of  the  Laws  and  Ordinances  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  A  Digest  of 
the  Laws  of  Pennsylvania  from  1883  to 
1887. 

ALDRICH,  J.  FRANK,  civil  engineer, 
business  man,  congressman,  was  born 
April  6,  1853,  in  Two  Rivers,  Wls.;  re 
moved  to  Chicago  in  April,  1861;  attended 
public  schools  and  Chicago  university, 
and  graduated  at  the  Rensselaer  polytech 
nic  institute,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  in  1877,  with 
degree  of  civil  engineer.  He  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  linseed  oil  and  sub 
sequently  in  the  gas  business.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Cook  county  board 
of  commissioners,  and  was  president  of 
that  body  during  the  reform  period  in 
1887;  was  also  a  member  of  the  county 
board  of  education  and  chairman  of  the 
committee  of  citizens  of  Chicago  ap 
pointed  from  the  various  clubs  and  com 
mercial  organizations  to  inaugurate  and 
further  the  drainage  act;  and  served  as 
commissioner  of  public  works  of  Chicago 
from  1891  to  1893.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

ALDRICH,  JAMES,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  in  1810  in  Suffolk,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  litterateur  of  New  York,  and  estab 
lished  The  Literary  Gazette  in  1840,  in 
which  a  number  of  his  verses  appeared. 
His  poems  were  privately  printed  by  his 
daughter  in  1884.  He  died  in  October, 
1856. 


ALDRICH,  JAMES,  legislator,  jurist, 
was  born  July  25,  1850,  in  Barnwell,  S.  C., 
and  is  the  son  of  James  Thomas  Aldrich. 
In  1872  he  graduated  from  the  Washing 
ton  and  Lee  university  of  Lexington,  Va. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina 
legislature  from  1878  to  1889,  missing  one 
term  only  through  sickness.  In  1889  he 
was  elected  circuit  judge  of  the  second 
circuit  of  South  Carolina;  he  was  re- 
elected  in  1893,  and  is  now  the  presiding 
judge.  He  has  always  taken  an  interest 
in  educational  matters,  and  has  done 
considerable  literary  work,  and  has  pub 
lished  numerous  addresses,  essays  and  ar 
ticles  on  various  topics. 

ALDRICH,  JAMES  THOMAS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1819,  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.  He  refused  every  political  position 
tendered  him  except  as  an  officer  in  the 
service  of  the  confederacy.  In  1842  he 
was  admitted  to  practice  law,  and  soon 
became  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  South 
Carolina  bar,  especially  in  the  courts  of 
equity.  Mr.  Aldrich,  like  many  of  his  • 
name,  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
poems  and  literary  articles  that  have 
been  a  valuable  acquisition  to  current 
literature.  He  died  in  1875,  at  his  resi 
dence  in  Barnwell  C.  H.,  S.  C. 

ALDRICH,  JOSEPHINE  CABLES,  phi 
lanthropist,  author,  was  born  in  Connec 
ticut.  In  1882  she  founded  The  Occult 
World,  a  publication  devoted  to  advanced 
thought  and  reform  work.  She  is  vice- 
president  of  the  woman's  national  indus 
trial  league;  vice-president  of  the 
woman's  national  liberal  union;  and  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  woman's  national 
university  and  school  of  useful  and  orna 
mental  arts;  and  resides  in  Aldrich,  Ala. 

ALDRICH,  JULIA  CARTER,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1834,  in  Liverpool, 
Ohio.  For  awhile  she  was  engaged  in 
educational  work  in  her  native  town; 
and  subsequently  contributed  to  period 
ical  literature  under  the  pen  name  of 
Petresia  Peters.  She  has  written  exten 
sively  on  reformatory  measures  in  the 
interest  of  humanity;  and  is  also  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of  poems. 

ALDRICH,  LEANDER  JEFFERSON, 
clergyman,  educator,  college  president, 
was  born  May  21,  1851,  in  Conklingville, 
N.  Y.  In  1880  he 
graduated  from 
Oberlin  college;  and 
from  the  theological 
seminary  in  1885. 
He  has  filled  pas 
torates  in  Dover. 
Ohio,  and  in  Merom, 
Ind.  In  1886  he  be 
came  president  of 
the  Union  Christian 
college  of  Merom, 
where  he  also  fills 
the  chair  of  rhetoric 
and  botany,  and  also  that  of  Christian 
ethics.  He  has  traveled  extensively  in 
foreign  countries  as  a  special  student  of 
ancient  history  and  literature.  He  is 
also  pastor  of  the  college  church. 

ALDRICH,  LEVI,  physician,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1820,  in  Erie  county, 
N.  Y.  He  received  an  academical  educa 
tion,  studied  medicine  at  the  Albany  med 
ical  college  and  Buffalo  medical  univer 
sity,  and  practiced  medicine  successfully 
in  Erie  county  and  at  Edwardsburg.  He 
was  representative  in  the  Michigan  state 
legislature  from  Cass  county  in  1863-4; 
senator  in  1865,  and  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  convention  in  1867. 

ALDRICH,  MARY  JANE,  temperance 
reformer,  lecturer,  was  born  March  19 
1833,  in  Sidney  Plains,  N.  Y.  She  has 


been  president  of  the  woman's  Christian 
temperance  union  of  Iowa,  of  which  she 
is  now  corresponding  secretary;  has  lec 
tured  extensively,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  national  convention  of  1890,  held  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

ALDRICH,  NELSON  WILMARTH, 
merchant,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Nov.  6,  1841,  in  Foster,  R.  I.  He 
received  an  academic  education;  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  was  president 
of  the  common  council  of  Providence, 
R.  I.,  in  1872  and  1873.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  house  of  representatives 
in  1875  and  1876,  serving  as  speaker  dur 
ing  the  latter  year.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Rhode  Island  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses, 
and  resigned  in  1881  to  take  his  seat  as  a 
senator  of  the  United  States  from  Rhode 
Island  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4,  1881,  and  received  the  re-elec 
tion  in  1886  and  in  1893. 

ALDRICH,  ORLANDO  W.,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  30,  1840,  in  Clarence,  N.  Y. 
He  filled  the  chair  of  law  in  the  Illinois 
Wesleyan  university;  was  professor  of 
law  in  the  Ohio  state  university;  presi 
dent  of  the  Ohio  society  of  war  of  1812, 
and  judge  advocate  department  of  Ohio, 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

ALDRICH,  SAMUEL  N.,  lawyer,  finan 
cier,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1838,  in  Upton, 
Mass.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Worcester 
academy  and  the  Brown  university,  and 
has  attained  success  as  a  noted  lawyer. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  central  Mas 
sachusetts  railway  company;  was  assist 
ant  treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  Bos 
ton  under  President  Cleveland's  first  ad 
ministration,  and  since  1890  has  been 
president  of  the  State  National  bank  of 
Boston,  Mass. 

ALDRICH,  THOMAS  BAILEY,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1836,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  He  is  a  poet  and  novelist 
whose  work  in  both  verse  and  prose  is 
distinguished  for  grace  of  expression  and 
delicacy  of  execution.  His  early  youth 
was  spent  in  Louisiana.  At  the  death  of 
his  father  he  entered  the  counting-house 
of  his  uncle  In  New  York  city.  He  occu 
pied  editorial  positions  for  ten  years  on 
various  papers;  and  in  1881  succeeded 
William  D.  Howells  as  editor  of  the  At 
lantic  Monthly,  which  position  he  re 
signed  nine  years  later  to  devote  his  en 
tire  time  to  personal  literary  work  and 
travel.  He  is  the  author  of  the  following 
poetical  works:  The  Bells;  Ballad  of 
Baby  Bell;  Pampinea;  Flower  and  Thorn; 
Cloth  of  Gold;  Friar  Jerome's  Beautiful 
Book;  XXXVI  Lyrics  and  XII  Sonnets; 
The  Sisters'  Tragedy;  Wyndham  Towers; 
Unguarded  Gates;  Mercedes  and  Later 
Lyrics;  Judith  and  Holof  ernes.  His 
prose  works  are:  Prudence  Palfrey;  The 
Queen  of  Sheba;  The  Stillwater  Tragedy; 
Marjorie  Daw  and  Other  Stories;  Two 
Bites  at  a  Cherry,  with  Other  Tales;  The 
Story  of  a  Bad  Boy;  An  Old  Town  by  the 
Sea:  a  description  of  Portsmouth,  the  au 
thor's  birthplace;  From  Ponkapog  to 
Pesth;  and  Travel  Sketches. 

ALDRICH,  TRUMAN  H.,  civil  engineer, 
railroad  president,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  17,  1848,  In  Palmyra,  N.  Y.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  school  at  that 
place,  at  the  military  academy  in  West 
Chester,  Pa.,  and  was  graduated  from  the 
Rensselaer  polytechnic  institute  of  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  as  a  mining  engineer  in  class  of 
1869.  After  practicing  his  profession  in 
New  York  and  New  Jersey  removed  to 
Selma,  Ala.,  in  winter  of  1871-72;  was  in 
the  banking  business  there  for  two  years 
and  then  made  coal  mining  a  business. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


31 


ALDRICH,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  20 
1820,  in  Greenfield,  N.  Y.  He  was  reared 
on  a  farm;  received  a  good  education; 
taught  school  for  a  time;  in  1846  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  in  1851  re 
moved  to  Wisconsin  and  engaged  in  mer 
chandising  and  manufacturing.  He  was 
superintendent  of  schools  for  three  years; 
was  chairman  of  the  board  of  supervisors 
one  year,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Wis 
consin  house  of  representatives  in  1859. 
In  1860  he  removed  to  Chicago,  111.,  and 
engaged  in  the  wholesale  grocery  busi 
ness.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
aldermen  in  1876,  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses.  He  died  Dec.  3,  1885,  in  Pond  du 
Lac,  Wis. 

ALDRICH,  WILLIAM  DUANE.  civil 
engineer,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  29, 
1833,  in  Smithfield,  R.  I.  He  has  held  va 
rious  town  offices,  having  been  for  some 
seventeen  years  a  member  of  the  town 
councils  of  Smithfield  and  Lincoln.  He 
was  a  representative  in  1869-70,  1892-95, 
and  senator  since  May,  1895.  , 

ALDRICH,  WILLIAM  P.,  civil  engineer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  11,  1853,  at 
Palmyra,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  at  the 
public  school  of  his 
native  village  until 
1865,  when  he  re 
moved  with  his 
father  to  New  York 
city,  in  which  city 
and  vicinity  he  at- 
tended  several 
schools,  and  was 
graduated  from  War 
ren's  military  acad 
emy  at  Poughkeep- 
sie,  taking  a  course 
in  civil  engineering; 
removed  to  Alabama  in  1874,  and  engaged 
in  mining  and  manufacturing,  and  built 
up  the  town  that  now  bears  his  name. 
The  only  political  office  he  ever  held  was 
that  of  postmaster  of  his  town;  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  by  the 
combined  vote  of  the  republicans  and 
populists  of  the  fourth  district,  against 
Gaston  A.  Robbins,  democrat.  The  lat 
ter  received  the  certificate  of  election 
from  the  governor  on  the  face  of  the  re 
turns.  Mr.  Aldrich  instituted  a  contest, 
and  was  seated  by  the  house  on  Friday, 
March  13,  1895.  In  November,  1896,  he 
was  again  elected  to  congress,  but  was 
again  forced  to  contest  for  his  seat. 

ALDRICH,  WILLIAM  W.,  stockman, 
banker,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1826,  in  Dela 
ware,  Ohio.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  Farmers'  and  Citizens'  bank  of  Nick- 
erson,  Kan.,  and  other  institutions.  He 
is  now  a  successful  stockman;  proprietor 
of  the  Border  Lawn  stock  farm  of  Tipton, 
Iowa,  and  the  president  of  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  that  city. 

ALDRIDGB,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
contractor,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1856,  in 
Michigan  City,  Ind.  He  has  attained  a 
wide  reputation  and  prominence  as  a 
builder  and  contractor.  He  remodeled 
the  Academy  of  Music,  Wilder's  arcade, 
and  several  private  residences  of  promi 
nence  and  architectural  beauty. 

ALEXANDER,  ABRAHAM,  statesman, 
was  born  in  1718  in  North  Carolina.  He 
represented  Mecklenburg  county  in  the 
colonial  legislature  prior  to  1775. 

ALEXANDER,  ADAM  R.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Washington  county,  Va.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Madison  county,  Tenn.,  from  1823 
to  1827. 


ALEXANDER,  ARCHER,  freedman, 
was  born  about  1810,  near  Richmond,  Va. 
He  was  a  slave,  and  fled  to  St.  Louis, 
then  under  martial  law,  in  1863,  and  was 
formally  liberated  the  same  year.  He 
served  as  the  model  for  the  freedman  in 
the  bronze  group  by  Thomas  Ball,  stand 
ing  in  the  capitol  grounds  in  Washington, 
and  known  as  Freedom's  Memorial  He 
died  Dec.  8,  1879,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

ALEXANDER,  ARCHIBALD,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  17, 
1772,  in  Rockbridge  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  presbyterian  clergyman  who  was  pro 
fessor  at  Princeton  theological  seminary 
1812-51.  Evidences  of  Christianity;  The 
Canon  of  Scripture;  Moral  Science;  Bible 
Dictionary  are  some  of  his  many  works 
He  died  Oct.  22,  1851,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

ALEXANDER,  ARMSTEAD  M.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  26,  1834,  in 
Clark  county,  Ky.  He  removed  to  Mis 
souri  and  settled  at  Paris;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1860  and  en 
gaged  in  practice.  He  was  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Monroe  county  for  six  years; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional 
convention  of  1875,  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress. 

ALEXANDER,  BARTON  STONE,  civil 
engineer,  general,  was  born  in  1819  in 
Kentucky.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  March  13,  1865,  for  meritorious 
services  in  the  rebellion.  He  has  been 
much  engaged  in  the  construction  and  re 
pairs  of  forts  and  in  the  erection  of  Mi- 
not's  Ledge  lighthouse,  1855-61.  He  was 
consulting  engineer  in  Sheridan's  army, 
Shenandoah  Valley,  Va.,  and  present  at 
the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Oct.  9,  1864. 

ALEXANDER,  CALEB,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  22,  1775, 
in  Northfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  clergyman 
much  of  whose  life  was  spent  in  teaching 
at  Onondaga,  N.  Y.  He  published  Latin 
and  English  grammars;  Essay  on  the 
Deity  of  Christ;  The  Columbian  Diction 
ary;  Grammar  Elements,  and  a  literal 
prose  version  of  Virgil.  He  died  April  12, 
1828,  in  Onondaga,  N.  Y. 

ALEXANDER,  CHARLES,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  March  7,  1867,  in  Natchez, 
Miss.  For  many  years  he  was  connected 
with  the  Boston  Daily  Standard  and  The 
American  Citizen;  and  in  1894  he  estab 
lished  The  Monthly  Review  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  of  which  he  is  still  editor  and 
owner.  He  has  contributed  poems,  short 
stories  and  sketches  to  several  leading 
publications. 

ALEXANDER,  CHARLTON  HENRY, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1858, 
in  Kosciusko,  Miss.  He  graduated  in  lit 
erature  and  law  from  the  university  of 
Mississippi,  and  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of  Jackson,  Miss.  He 
has  been  reporter  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Mississippi,  and,  in  conjunction  with 
Mr.  L.  Brame,  his  law  partner,  is  the 
author  of  a  Mississippi  Digest. 

ALEXANDER,  DE  ALVA  STAN- 
WOOD,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  July  17,  1846,  in  Richmond, 
Maine.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  entered 
the  army,  serving  three  years,  and  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  as  a  private  soldier; 
upon  leaving  the  service  prepared  for 
college  at  Edward  Little  institute,  in  Au 
burn,  Maine,  and  took  his  bachelor's  de 
gree  from  Bowdoin  college  in  1870;  after 
ward  located  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  where 
he  studied  law  and  practiced  in  partner 
ship  with  Hon.  Stanton  J.  Peelle,  now 
judge  of  the  court  of  claims  in  Washing 
ton.  In  1881  was  appointed  fifth  auditor 
of  the  treasury  department,  and  during 
his  residence  in  Washington  was  elected 


and  served  one  term  as  commander  of  the 
department  of  the  Potomac,  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic.  On  leaving  Washington 
removed  to  Buffalo,  forming  a  law  part 
nership  with  his  college  classmate,  Hon. 
James  A.  Roberts,  at  present  comptroller 
of  the  state  of  New  York.  In  1889  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  attorney  for  the 
northern  district  of  New  York,  holding 
the  office  until  December,  1893.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

ALEXANDER,  EDMUND  BROOKE 
general,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1802,  in  Hay 
Market,  Va.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
United  States  military  academy  in  1823. 
After  twenty  years  of  frontier  and  garri 
son  duty  he  had  an  opportunity  for  serv 
ice  in  Mexico,  where  he  won  a  major's 
brevet  in  1847  and  a  lieutenant-colonel's 
in  1847.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  re 
tained  at  St.  Louis  on  provost-marshal's 
duty,  involving  delicate  and  responsible 
administration  of  important  matters.  He 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general  in  1865, 
and  commanded  his  regiment  at  Fort 
Snelling  till  retirement,  in  1869,  by  op 
eration  of  law.  He  died  Jan.  3  1888,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

ALEXANDER,  EDWARD  PORTER 
soldier,  educator,  author,  was  born  May 
26,  1835,  in  Washington,  Ga.  He  grad 
uated  from  West  Point  academy  in  1857, 
and  was  promoted  second  lieutenant 
corps  of  engineers,  and  served  in  the 
United  States  army  in  the  Utah  expedi 
tion  in  1858.  He  was  instructor  in  engi 
neering  at  West  Point  in  1859-60;  and 
was  professor  in  mathematics  and  en 
gineering  in  the  South  Carolina  univer 
sity  in  1866-69.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  in  the  confederate  service,  and  until 
1892  held  numerous  and  important  rail 
road  positions  in  the  southern  states.  He 
is  the  author  of  Railroad  Practice  and 
various  pamphlets  and  articles  on  rail 
road  and  other  topics. 

ALEXANDER,  EVAN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He  grad 
uated  from  Princeton  college  in  1787;  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature  for  two 
years,  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1805  to 
1809.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1809. 

ALEXANDER,  FRANCIS,  artist,  was 
born  in  1800  in  Connecticut.  When  eight 
een  years  of  age  he  began  painting  in 
water-color  without  an  instructor.  About 
1820  he  went  to  New  York  and  prosecuted 
his  art  studies,  as  a  pupil  of  Alexander 
Robertson.  He  worked  for  a  few  months 
in  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  subsequently 
opened  a  studio  in  Boston,  where  he 
gained  great  popularity  as  a  portrait 
painter.  He  went  to  Europe  in  1831, 
finally  taking  up  his  residence  in  Flor 
ence,  Italy. 

ALEXANDER,  GROSS,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  June  1,  1852,  in  Scotts- 
ville,  Ky.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  university  at  Louisville;  the  Drew 
theological  seminary;  and  the  southern 
baptist  theological  seminary.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  divines  of  the  south;  has 
been  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  the 
Warren  college,  Ky.;  and  is  now  pro 
fessor  of  the  New  Testament,  Greek  and 
Exegesis  in  the  Vanderbilt  university  of 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

ALEXANDER,  HENRY  P.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1802.  He  engaged  in  commerce;  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Herki- 
mer  county,  in  that  state,  from  1849  to 
1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the  committee 
on  expenditures  in  the  state  department. 
He  died  Feb.  22,  1867,  in  Little  Falls, 
N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ALEXANDER,  ISAAC  J.,  educator, 
lecturer,  poet,  was  born  June  5,  1863,  in 
Pickaway  county,  Ohio.  He  is  a  success 
ful  educator  and  lecturer  of  Royalton, 
Ohio,  and  the  author  of  a  number  of  meri 
torious  poems. 

ALEXANDER,  JAMES,  JR.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a 
resident  of  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio;  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
the  eleventh  district  of  that  state  from 
1837  to  1839,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
committee  on  public  expenditures.  He 
died  Aug.  6,  1846. 

ALEXANDER,  JAMES  WADDEL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  13,  1804, 
in  Louisa  county,  Va.,  and  was  a  son  of 
A.  Alexander.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  New  York  city,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Plain  Words  to  a  Young  Commu- 
n  i  c  a  n  t  ;  Sacramental  Discourses; 
Thoughts  on  Preaching;  Life  of  Archibald 
Alexander;  Consolation;  The  American 
Mechanic  and  Workingman,  and  other 
works.  He  died  July  31,  1859,  in  Red 
Sweet  Springs,  Va. 

ALEXANDER,  JANE  GRACE,  finan 
cier,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1848,  in  Winches 
ter,  N.  H.  She  is  cashier  of  the  Win 
chester  national  bank;  treasurer  of  the 
savings  bank  of  her  native  town,  and  has 
attained  success  as  a  successful  business 
woman  and  financier. 

ALEXANDER,  JOHN,  congressman, 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Ohio  May  4,  1813,  serving  till  1817. 

ALEXANDER,  JOHN  EDMINSTON, 
clergyman,  genealogist.  In  1842  he  be 
came  a  clergyman  of  the  presbyterian 
church,  and  for  the  ten  years  during 
1853-62  was  principal  of  the  Miller  acad 
emy  of  Washington,  Ohio,  where  he  had 
been  pastor  for  twenty  years.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  Historical  Sketch  of  Greene- 
vllle  Church,  Tenn.;  a  History  of  the 
Synod  of  Tennessee;  A  Record  of  the 
Alexander  Family,  and  other  works. 

ALEXANDER,  JOHN  HENRY,  scien 
tist,  author,  -was  born  June  26,  1812,  in 
Annapolis,  Md,  He  was  once  a  noted 
Maryland  scientist  and  the  author  of 
History  of  the  Metallurgy  of  Iron;  Uni 
versal  Dictionary  of  Weights  and  Meas 
ures,  Ancient  and  Modern;  International 
Tonnage;  Treatise  of  Mathematical  In 
struments;  Introlts;  and  Catena  Domin 
ica,  a  collection  of  religious  poems.  He 
died  March  2,  1867,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

ALEXANDER,  JOHN  M.,  soldier,  busi 
ness  man,  public  officer,  was  born  May  17, 
1841,  in  Delaware  county,  Ohio.  He 
served  three  years  In  Sheridan's  army, 
and  was  wounded  at  Fisher's  Hill  in 
1864.  He  is  a  successful  business  man  of 
Gallipolis,  Ohio,  and  has  been  mayor  of 
his  city  four  terms. 

ALEXANDER,  JOSEPH  ADDISON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  24, 
1809,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  is  a  son  of 
A.  Alexander.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  professor  at  Princeton  college, 
and  theoloeical  seminary,  1820-60.  He 
was  the  author  of  Commentaries  on  the 
Psalms,  Isaiah,  Acts,  Matthew,  and  Mark, 
and  many  theological  reviews,  often  as 
sarcastic  as  they  were  forcible.  He  died 
Jan.  28,  1860,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

ALEXANDER,  LORENZO  P.,  soldier, 
merchant,  state  senator,  was  born  Aug. 
10,  1820,  in  Angelica,  N.  Y.  When  twenty- 
one  he  settled  in  Buchanan,  Mich.  In 
1844  he  was  a  militia  captain,  and  in  1845 
became  colonel  of  the  28th  regiment.  He 
was  a  representative  In  the  Michigan 
state  legislature  of  1841-42;  in  1867  was 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention; 
and  in  1871-72  state  senator.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  republican  national  con 


vention  at  Baltimore  in  1864,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  committee  that  notified 
President  Lincoln  of  his  renomination. 
He  was  postmaster  of  Buchanan  from 
1862  to  1866,  and  again  from  1877  to  1886. 

ALEXANDER,  MARK,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  7,  1792,  in  Mecklenburg 
county,  Virginia.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Virginia  state  legisla 
ture  in  1815;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1819  to 
1833.  He  died  July  6,  1883,  at  Scotland 
Neck,  N.  C. 

ALEXANDER,  MATILDA  G..  author, 
was  born  June  14,  1842,  in  Mt.  Vernon, 
Ind.  She  is  the  author  of  Going  West: 
Here  and  Hereafter;  and  Worth  Wins. 

ALEXANDER,  NATHANIEL,  soldier, 
physician,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  in  1756,  in  Mecklenburg,  N.  C.  He 
graduated  from  Princeton  college  in  1776, 
and,  after  studying  medicine,  entered  the 
army.  At  the  close  of  the  war  resided 
at  the  High  Hills  of  Santee,  pursuing  his 
profession,  and  afterwards  at  Mecklen 
burg.  While  he  held  a  seat  in  congress, 
as  a  representative  from  North  Carolina, 
from  1803  to  1805,  the  legislature  elected 
him  governor  for  1806.  He  died  March  8, 
1808,  in  Salisbury,  N.  C. 

ALEXANDER,  ROBERT,  was  born 
about  1740,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  1775  to  1777. 

ALEXANDER,  ROBERT  CARTER, 
lawyer,  journalist,  was  born  July  7,  1857, 
in  West  Charlton,  N.  Y.  He  was  made 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Mail  and 
Express  corporation,  as  well  as  its  legal 
counsel;  and  in  1895  became  editor-in- 
chief  of  the  paper.  In  1890  he  was  elected 
a  life  trustee  of  Union  college. 

ALEXANDER,  SAMUEL  DAVIES, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1819,  in 
Princeton,  N.  J.,  and  was  a  son  of  A. 
Alexander.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  New  York  city  from  1855;  and 
the  author  of  Princeton  College  in  the 
Eighteenth  Century;  and  A  History  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Ireland.  He 
died  in  1894. 

ALEXANDER,  STEPHEN,  educator, 
astronomer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  1, 
1806,  in  Schenectady;  N.  Y.  He  was  an 
astronomer  who  was  a  professor  at  Prince 
ton  college  in  1834-78,  and  the  author  of 
Physical  Phenomena  of  Solar  Eclipses; 
and  Certain  Harmonies  of  the  Solar  Sys 
tem.  He  died  June  25,  1883,  in  Prince 
ton,  N.  J. 

ALEXANDER,  SYDENHAM  B.,  soldier, 
farmer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  8,  1840,  in  Mecklenburg  county, 
N.  C.  He  entered  the  university  of  North 
Carolina  in  1856  and  graduated  from  that 
institution  in  1860.  In  1861  enlisted  in  the 
army  as  a  private  soldier  in  the  first 
North  Carolina  volunteer  Infantry;  in 
June,  1862,  was  elected  captain  of  com 
pany  K,  forty-second  North  Carolina  in 
fantry;  and  in  1864  was  detached  from 
his  company  and  served  as  inspector- 
general  on  the  staff  of  Major-General  R. 
F.  Hoke;  after  the  war  returned  home 
and  engaged  in  farming;  in  1877  was 
master  of  State  Grange  and  a  member  of 
state  board  of  agriculture;  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  senate  in  1878,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1882,  1884,  and  1886.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
North  Carolina  Agricultural  and  Mechan 
ical  college;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress. 

ALEXANDER,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1726,  in  New  York  city.  He  served 
gallantly  with  Washington  during  the 


revolutionary  wa-;  and  it  was  through 
him  that  the  Conway  Cabal  was  made 
known  to  Washington.  He  died  Jan.  15, 
1783,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

ALEXANDER,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
theologist,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1831,  in 
Huntingdon  county,  Pa.  In  1858  he  gradu 
ated  from  Jefferson 
college;  and  in  Sep 
tember  of  the  same 
year  entered  Prince- 
ton  Theological  sem- 
-<•  aw  iiiary,  and  graduated 
therefrom  in  1861. 
He  has  been  pastor 
I  in  various  presby 
terian  churches,  and 
was  president  of  the 
Carroll  college,  Wis.; 
president  of  the  City 
college  of  San  Fran 
cisco,  Cal. ;  and  since  1871  has  been 
theological  professor  in  San  Francisco 
theological  seminary,  of  which  institution 
he  was  the  principal  founder.  He  is  the 
author  of  numerous  published  Sermons 
and  Addresses,  Commentaries  on  Inter 
national  Sunday  School  Lessons,  and 
various  other  letters  and  papers.  He  is 
one  of  the  editors  and  a  contributor  to 
Tha  Presbyterian  and  Reformed  Review. 
ALEXANDER,  WILLIAM  COWPER, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  in  1806  in 
Virginia.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1827,  and  soon  gained  a  reputation  for 
legal  knowledge  and  eloquence  and  took 
part  in  political  affairs.  For  several  years 
he  was  president  of  the  New  Jersey  state 
senate.  He  was  nominated  for  governor, 
and  lacked  but  a  few  votes  of  election. 
After  being  a  member  of  the  peace  con 
gress  of  1861,  over  which  he  was  fre 
quently  called  to  preside,  he  withdrew 
from  politics  and  devoted  himself  entirely 
to  the  business  of  insurance,  having  been 
elected  president  of  the  Equitable  Life  In 
surance  company  when  it  was  organized 
in  1859,  of  which  he  was  president  at  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  died  Aug.  23,  1874, 
in  New  York  city. 

ALEXANDER,  WILLIAM  IRVIN, 
clergyman,  lecturer,  was  born  May  13, 
1867,  in  Greenwood,  Ind.,  a  suburb  of 
Indianapolis.  He  graduated  in  1889  from 
Hartsville  college,  and  in  1893  from  Lane 
Theological  seminary  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
He  taught  school  for  awhile,  and  in  1893 
accepted  a  call  to  the  First  presbyterian 
church  of  Decatur,  Ind.;  and  during  a 
pastorate  there  of  two  years  the  mem 
bership  was  doubled.  In  1895  he  accept 
ed  a  call  to  the  Willow  Creek  presby 
terian  church  of  Argyle,  111.  The  largest 
country  church  in  the  United  States,  com 
posed  of  a  large  and  wealthy  Scotch  con 
gregation  in  what  is  known  as  the  Scotch 
settlement.  The  services  of  this  rising 
presbyterian  clergyman  are  in  demand  as 
an  evangelist  and  lecturer. 

ALFORD,  JULIUS  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Georgia.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Troup  county, 
Ga.,  from  1839  to  1842. 

ALGER,  CYRUS,  inventor,  iron  found 
er,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1781,  in  West  Bridge- 
water,  Mass.  Early  in  life  he  became  an 
iron-founder,  and  established  his  business 
in  Easton,  Mass.  In  1809  he  removed  to 
South  Boston,  where  he  founded  the 
works  that  since  1817  have  been  known 
as  the  South  Boston  Iron  company.  Mr. 
Alger  also  devised  numerous  improve 
ments  in  the  construction  of  time  fuses 
for  bomb-shells  and  grenades.  In  1811  he 
patented  a  method  of  making  cast-iron 
chilled  rolls,  and  in  1822  first  designed 
cylinder  stoves.  He  died  Feb.  4,  1856,  In 
Boston,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


33 


ALGER,  HORATIO,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  13,  1854,  in  Revere,  Mass.  He  gradu 
ated  from  Harvard  college,  and  for  fif 
teen  years  has  prepared  boys  for  col 
lege  in  New  York  city.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  series  of  popular  juvenile  tales, 
among  which  the  Ragged  Dick  stories  are 
best  known.  His  stories  of  the  street  life 
in  New  York  have  made  him  a  great 
favorite  with  boys  everywhere. 

ALGER,  RUSSELL  A.,  general,  gov 
ernor  of  Michigan,  secretary  of  war,  was 
born  Feb.  27,  1836,  in  Lafayette,  Ohio. 
He  was  admitted  to 
practice  law  in  1859. 
During  the  rebellion 
he  entered  the  union 
army  as  a  private, 
and  in  1865  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-gen 
eral  and  major-gen 
eral  for  gallant  con 
duct.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  governor  of 
Michigan;  in  1888 
was  a  candidate  for 
president  in  the  re 
publican  national  convention;  and  in  1889 
was  elected  commander-in-chief  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  President 
McKinley  appointed  him  secretary  of  war 
in  1897.  He  is  one  of  the  wealthiest  men 
in  Michigan,  in  which  state  he  owns  very 
large  lumber  interests. 

ALGER,  WILLIAM  ROUNSEVILLE, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1822, 
in  Freetown,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  and  lecturer  of  Boston,  and  the 
author  of  Symbolic  History  of  the  Cross; 
The  School  of  Life;  History  of  the  Doc 
trine  of  a  Future  Life;  The  Solitudes  of 
Nature  and  Man;  The  Friendships  of 
Women;  Poetry  of  the  Orient;  and  Life 
of  Edwin  Forrest. 

ALISON,  FRANCIS,  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  born  in  1705  in  Ireland.  He  was 
appointed  vice-provost  and  professor  of 
philosophy  in  the  college  of  Philadelphia; 
and  was  the  pastor  of  the  First  presby- 
terian  church  of  that  city.  He  died  Nov. 
28,  1779,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ALKIRE,  HENRY  T.,  lawyer,  legislat 
or,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1854,  in  Platte 
county,  Mo.  He  received  the  rudiments 
_^^__^_  of  his  education  in 
the  district  school; 
graduated  from  the 
Kirksville  State 
Normal  school  in 
1875,  and  from  the 
Missouri  State  uni 
versity  in  1881.  He 
has  attained  prom 
inence  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  Oregon, 
Mo.,  of  which  city  he 
has  been  mayor;  and 
for  three  terms  was 
city  attorney.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
thirty-fifth  general  assembly  of  Missouri; 
was  the  nominee  for  secretary  of  state  of 
Missouri;  and  in  1894  was  elected  pro 
bate  judge  of  Holt  county  for  four  years. 
For  six  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  re 
publican  central  committee;  and  for  two 
years  president  of  the  Oregon  school 
board;  besides  filling  various  other  po 
sitions  of  honor.  He  has  written  exten 
sively  on  law  and  judicial  subjects,  and  is 
one  of  the  brightest  men  of  Missouri. 

ALLAIRE,  ANTHONY  J.,  soldier,  was 
born  Feb.  17,  1829,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war;  and  rose  to 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  In  1867 
he  was  appointed  police  captain  of  the 
twenty-first  precinct  of  New  York  city. 


ALLAN,  JOHN,  soldier,  patriot,  was 
born  Jan.  13,  1746,  in  Scotland.  He  be 
came  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  then 
clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  and  from  1770 
to  1776  was  a  member  of  the  provincial 
assembly.  When  the  American  colonies 
engaged  in  the  struggle  for  independence 
he  gave  them  active  and  efficient  aid,  se 
curing  the  alliance  of  the  Indian  tribes  of 
that  region.  Congress  nominated  him  su 
perintendent  of  the  eastern  Indians,  and 
gave  him  a  colonel's  commission  in  Jan 
uary,  1777,  and  with  his  Indians  he  pro 
tected  the  otherwise  exposed  line  of  the 
northeastern  frontier.  The  Nova  Scotian 
authorities  offered  a  price  for  his  appre 
hension,  while  his  house  was  burned  and 
his  wife  thrown  into  prison.  In  1784  Col. 
Allan  settled  in  Maine.  The  government 
of  Massachusetts  in  1792  granted  him  a 
tract  of  22,000  acres,  on  which  the  town 
of  Whiting  now  stands,  and  in  1801  con 
gress  gave  him  2,000  acres  in  Ohio  in 
compensation  for  the  losses  he  sustained 
for  the  patriot  cause.  He  died  Feb.  7, 
1805,  in  Lubec,  Maine. 

ALLAN,  JOHN,  antiquarian,  was  born 
Feb.  26,  1777,  in  Scotland.  He  made  a 
valuable  and  unique  collection  of  pic 
tures,  books,  autographs,  and  rare  and 
curious  articles.  His  collection  was  sold 
at  auction  a  short  time  after  his  death, 
and  the  total  receipts  amounted  to  nearly 
fifty  thousand  dollars.  He  died  Nov.  19, 
1863,  in  New  York  city. 

ALLAN,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  in  1837  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  lieu 
tenant-colonel  in  the  confederate  army 
during  the  civil  war;  and  the  author  of 
Battlefields  of  Virginia;  Jackson's  Valley 
Campaign;  and  Army  of  Northern  Vir 
ginia.  He  died  in  1889. 

ALLANSON,  EDWARD  G.,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  11,  1863,  in  Elgin,  111.  He  at 
tended  the  Iowa  Business  college  of  Des 
Moines;  has  attained  success  as  a  writer; 
and  is  the  author  of  several  meritorious 
poems. 

ALLEN,  ALEXANDER  VIETS  GRIS- 
WOLD,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  May  4,  1841,  in  Otis,  Mass.  He  is  an 
episcopal  clergyman,  prominent  among 
leaders  of  modern  religious  thought,  and  a 
professor  in  the  Episcopal  Theological 
school  at  Cambridge.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Continuity  of  Christian  Thought:  a 
Study  of  Modern  Theology  in  the  Light 
of  Its  History;  Life  of  Jonathan  Ed 
wards;  The  Greek  Theology  and  the  Re 
naissance  of  the  Nineteenth  Century;  and 
Religious  Progress. 

ALLEN,  ANDREW,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1775  to  1776. 

ALLEN,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1789,  in  Hudson, 
N.  Y.  He  published  in  1815  the  weekly 
Layman's  Magazine,  and  in  1820  an 
abridgment  of  Burnet's  History  of  the 
Reformation.  In  1821  he  was  chosen  rec 
tor  of  St.  Paul's  church,  Philadelphia.  In 
1827  he  established  a  printing-house  for 
the  publication  of  tracts  and  printing  of 
prayer-books.  He  published  Christ  and 
Him  Crucified;  and  Living  Manners,  a 
tale;  and  other  works.  He  died  at  sea 
Jan.  13,  1829. 

AL.i-,ji.N,  CHARLES,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  jurist,  was  born  on  Aug.  9, 
1797,  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature  in  1829,  1833, 

1834,  1838,  and  1840;     a  state  senator  in 

1835,  1838,  and  1839;    and    judge    of    the 
court  of  common  pleas  from  1842  to  1844. 
He  was  a  representative  In  congress  from 
1849  to  1853;    chief  justice  of  the  superior 

court  of  Suffolk  county  from  1858  to  1859; 


and  .subsequently  chief  justice  of  the  su 
perior  court  of  the  state.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tions  of  1853  and  1859;  a  commissioner  to 
negotiate  the  Webster  treaty  in  1842;  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  peace  congress  of 
1861.  He  died  Aug.  6,  1869,  in  Worcester. 

ALLEN,  CHARLES  H.,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  April  15, 
1848,  in  Lowell,  Mass.  He  received  his 
early  education  in  the  public  schools; 
graduated  from  Amherst  college  in  1869; 
and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  He 
recJfc-ed  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  Amherst 
college  in  1872.  He  held  several  local 
offices  in  Lowell;  was  a  representative  in 
the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1881  and 
1882;  was  a  state  senator  in  1883;  in  1884 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Massa 
chusetts  to  the  forty-ninth  congress,  and 
received  the  re-election  to  the  fiftieth 
congress. 

ALLEN,  CHARLES  WELLINGTON, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  July  17, 
1855,  in  North  Hero,  Vt.  He  graduated 
from  the  Toledo,  Ohio,  School  of  Medicine 
and  from  the  university  of  Vermont.  He 
was  mayor  of  Story  City,  Iowa,  for  two 
terms;  president  of  the  Central  District 
Medical  association  of  Iowa;  and  presi 
dent  and  secretary  of  the  Story  County 
Medical  society. 

ALLEN,  CHILTON,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  April  6,  1786, 
in  Albermarle  county,  Va.  He  settled  in 
Kentucky  as  a  wheelwright;  educated 
himself  for  the  legal  profession;  from 
Clark  county  was  elected  in  1811  to  the 
legislature  of  Kentucky,  and  re-elected  for 
several  terms.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1831  to 
1837.  In  1838  was  president  of  the  board 
if  internal  improvement;  and  in  1842  was 
again  returned  to  the  state  legislature. 
He  died  Sept.  3,  1858,  in  Winchester,  Ky. 

ALLEN,  CLARENCE  EMIR,  educator, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  8, 
1852,  in  Girard,  Pa.  He  was  trained  in 
the  common  schools  of  Girard,  fitted  for 
college  at  Grand  River  institute,  Austin- 
burg,  Ohio,  and  graduated  from  Western 
Reserve  college  with  the  class  of  1877. 
He  taught  one  year  at  Grand  River  insti 
tute,  and  then  was  principal  of  the  pre 
paratory  of  Western  Reserve  college  three 
years;  went  to  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  in 
August,  1881,  where  he  was  an  instructor 
in  Salt  Lake  academy  until  1886,  when  he 
resigned  and  entered  upon  the  business  of 
mining.  He  was  elected  to  and  served  in 
the  territorial  legislatures  of  1888,  1890, 
and  1894;  was  elected  county  clerk  of 
Salt  Lake  county,  Utah,  in  August,  1890, 
and  served  until  Jan.  1,  1893;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  at  Salt  Lake  City,  in 
1892;  was  the  liberal  candidate  for  dele 
gate  to  congress  in  1892;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

ALLEN,  DAVID  OLIVER,  educator, 
missionary,  author,  was  born  in  1800,  in 
Barre,  Mass.  He  was  graduated  at  Am 
herst  college  in  1823,  taught  in  Lawrence 
academy,  and  then  entered  Andover  Theo 
logical  seminary,  which  he  left  in  1827  to 
go  as  a  missionary  to  Bombay.  He  es 
tablished  schools  and  preached  in  that 
province,  and  made  extensive  tours  in 
western  India.  In  1844  he  took  charge  of 
the  Bombay  printing  establishment.  He 
wrote  tracts  in  Mahratta,  and  supervised 
a  new  translation  of  the  Bible  in  that  lan 
guage.  Injured  in  health  by  the  Indian 
climate,  he  returned  to  America  in  1853. 
After  his  return  he  published  a  History  of 
India,  Ancient  and  Modern,  Geographical, 
Historical,  Political,  Social,  and  Religious. 
He  died  July  17,  1863,  In  Lowell. 


34 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPKDIA     OF    AMKRICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ALLEN,  DE  WITT  CLINTON,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1835,  in  Clay  county, 
Mo.  He  was  educated  at  Wyman's  En 
glish  and  Classical  high  school  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.;  and  graduated  from  the 
William  Jewell  college  of  Liberty,  Mo. 
He  has  held  positions  as  attorney  of  the 
fifth  judicial  circuit  of  Missouri;  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Missouri  constitutional 
convention  in  1875.  He  is  a  trustee  of 
the  William  Jewell  college;  and  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1896. 

ALLEN,  DON  ALONZO,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  evangelist,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1844,  in 
EHisburgh,  N.  Y.  At  eleven  years  of 
age  he  became  a  cab 
in  boy  on  a  propel 
ler;  and  was  a  sailor 
on  the  lakes  in  sum- 
mer,  and  attended 
school  in  winter.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen 
years  he  enlisted  in 
the  twenty-fourth 
regiment  New  York 
volunteer  infantry, 
and  served  gallantly 
throughout  the  war. 
He  then  served  as  a 
sailor  until  1877;  and  since  1883  has  been 
a  clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church.  He  has  attained  prominence  as 
an  evangelist  of  note  in  Kansas,  Nebras 
ka,  Missouri  and  several  other  western 
states.  He  Is  also  a  prominent  prohi 
bitionist,  and  was  tendered  the  nomina 
tion  for  congress,  but  has  steadfastly  de 
clined  all  political  honors.  He  now  fills 
a  pastorate  in  Randolph,  Iowa. 

ALLEN,  EBENEZER,  soldier,  was  born 
Oct.  17,  1743.  in  Northampton,  Mass.  In 
1771  he  emigrated  to  Poultney,  Vt.,  and 
became  a  lieutenant  in  Col.  Warner's  regi 
ment  of  Green  Mountain  boys.  He  re 
moved  to  Tinmouth  in  1775,  and  was  a 
delegate  from  that  town  to  the  several 
conventions  In  the  New  Hampshire  grants 
in  1776,  and  to  those  that  declared  the 
state  independent  and  formed  the  state 
constitution  during  the  following  year. 
He  was  appointed  a  captain  in  Col.  Her- 
rick's  battalion  of  rangers  in  July,  1777, 
and  distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of 
Bennlngton.  In  September  of  the  same 
year  he  captured  Mt.  Defiance  by  assault, 
and  on  the  retreat  of  the  enemy  from 
Fort  Ticonderoga  made  fifty  of  them 
prisoners.  Subsequently  he  was  made 
major  in  the  rangers,  and  showed  himself 
a  brave  and  successful  partisan  leader. 
He  died  March  26,  1806,  in  Burlington,  Vt. 

ALLEN,  EDWARD  P.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1839,  in 
Sharon,  Mich.  He  graduated  from  the 
State  Normal  school  in  March,  1864; 
taught  the  Union  school  in  Vassar,  Mich., 
for  the  three  months  following,  when  he 
enlisted  and  helped  to  raise  a  company 
for  the  twenty-ninth  Michigan  infantry. 
He  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant,  and 
was  mustered  out  as  captain.  He  entered 
the  law  school  at  Ann  Arbor,  graduating 
In  March,  1867;  practices  in  Ypsilanti. 
He  was  elected  alderman  of  Ypsilanti  in 
1872  and  1874,  and  mayor  in  1880;  and 
was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Washtenaw 
county  in  1872.  He  was  elected  to  the 
lower  house  of  the  legislature  in  1876; 
was  again  elected  In  1878,  at  which  time 
he  was  elected  speaker  pro  tempore.  He 
was  appointed  assistant  assessor  of  In 
ternal  revenue  In  1869;  was  United  States 
Indian  agent  for  Michigan  in  August,  1882, 
which  office  he  held  until  December,  1885. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-first  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 


ALLEN,  EDWIN  R.,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  lieutenant-governor  of  Rhode  Island, 
was  born  Nov.  26,  1840,  in  Windham, 
Conn.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
his  native  town  and  at  Eagleswood,  N.  J. 
He  enlisted  in  company  A,  seventh  regi 
ment  Rhode  Island  volunteers,  in  August, 
1862;  was  corporal,  sergeant-major,  sec 
ond  lieutenant,  first  lieutenant,  and  was 
in  command  of  said  company  when  it  was 
mustered  out  of  service  in  June,  1865.  He 
served  as  state  senator  in  1889-90  and  in 
1891-92,  and  became  lieutenant-governor 
of  Rhode  Island  in  1894. 

ALLEN,  ELISHA  H.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  diplomatist,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1804, 
in  New  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer; 
served  in  the  legislature  of  Maine  from 
1836  to  Ib41,  and  in  1846;  and  in  1838  as 
speaker.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Maine  from  1841  to  1843. 
In  184?  he  removed  to  Boston;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in 
1849;  after  which  he  was  appointed  con 
sul  to  Honolulu.  He  afterward  became 
connected  with  the  government  of  the 
Sandwich  Islands;  and  in  1856  visited  the 
United  States  as  envoy.  In  1857  he  was 
chief  justice  and  chancellor  of  the  Sand 
wich  islands,  serving  until  1864;  and  was 
the  Hawaiian  minister  at  Washington  for 
a  number  of  years.  He  died  suddenly 
while  attending  the  president's  reception, 
Jan.  1,  1883,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

ALLEN,  ELIZABETH  AKERS,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1832,  in  Strong,  Maine. 
In  1855  she  became  assistant  editor  of  the 
Portland  Transcript;  and  wrote  the  cele 
brated  poem  entitled  Rock  Me  to  Sleep, 
Mother.  She  is  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  poetry,  entitled  Forest  Buds  from  the 
Woods  of  Maine;  and  a  second  volume 
of  verse  entitled  Poems  by  Florence 
Percy;  and  is  also  the  author  of  The  Sil 
ver  Bridge  and  other  works.  She  is  a 
member  of  the  Sorosis,  of  New  York  city, 
and  is  still  engaged  in  literary  work. 

ALLEN,  ESTHER  LA  VILLA,  author, 
poet,  was  born  May  28,  1834,  in  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.  Since  1870  she  has  contributed 
stories,  sketches  and  poems  to  various 
newspapers  and  magazines,  which  have 
been  a  valuable  acquisition  to  current 
literature. 

ALLEN,  ESTHER  SAVILLE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1837,  in 
Honeoye,  N.  Y.  For  many  years  she  was 
engaged  in  educational  work  in  the  states 
of  New  York  and  Illinois;  and  is  now  a 
resident  of  Arkansas.  She  is  the  author 
of  numerous  productions  in  prose  and 
verse,  which  have  had  extensive  publica 
tion  in  the  leading  periodicals  of  the 
west. 

ALLEN,  ETHAN,  an  officer  of  the  revo 
lutionary  war,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1737,  in 
Lltchfield,  Conn.  He  was  leader  of  the 
famous  Green  Mountain  boys,  of  Ver 
mont,  and  hero  of  the  capture  of  forts 
Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point,  May  10, 
1775.  He  attacked  the  English  at  Mont 
real,  was  taken  prisoner,  and  sent  to  Eng 
land  In  irons.  He  died  Feb.  13,  1789,  near 
Burlington,  Vt. 

ALLEN,  FRED  HOVEY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1845  In  New  Hampshire. 
He  Is  a  clergyman,  author  of  the  text  in 
a  number  of  popular  art  works,  such  as 
Great  Cathedrals  of  the  World;  Modern 
German  Masters;  The  Bowdoin  Collec 
tion;  The  Dor6  Album;  The  Gerome  Al 
bum;  Discovery  and  Conquest  of  Peru; 
and  Discovery  and  Conquest  of  Mexico. 

ALLEN,  FREDERICK  DE  FOREST, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1844  In  Ohio 
He  has  been  a  professor  of  classical  phi 


lology  at  Harvard  university  since  1880; 
and  the  author  of  Remnants  of  Early 
Latin;  and  Greek  Versification  in  Inscrip 
tions. 

ALLEN,  HARRISON,  surgeon,  author, 
was  born  April  17,  1841,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  a  surgeon  of  Philadelphia,  pro 
fessor  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania 
from  1865;  and  the  author  of  Outlines  of 
Comparative  Anatomy;  and  System  of 
Human  Anatomy. 

ALLEN,  HEMAN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1776.  He  was  a  resident,  if 
not  a  native,  of  Milton,  Vt.,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law,  in  which  he  be 
came  distinguished.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Vermont  from  1833 
to  1839.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1844,  in  Bur 
lington,  Vt. 

ALLEN,  HEMAN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
diplomat,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1779,  in  Poult 
ney,  Vt.  He  was  a  resident  of  Colchester, 
Vt.;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  college  in 
1795,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  and  was  sheriff  of  Chittenden  county 
in  1808  and  1809.  From  1811  to  1814  he 
was  chief  justice  of  the  Chittenden  county 
court;  from  1812  to  1817  was  an  active 
member  of  the  state  legislature;  was  ap 
pointed  quartermaster  of  militia,  with  the 
title  of  brigadier;  and  was  a  trustee  of 
the  university  of  Vermont.  He  was  first 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Vermont  in  1817,  but  resigned  in  1818  to 
accept  the  appointment  of  United  States 
marshal  for  the  district  of  Vermont.  In 
1823  he  received  the  appointment  of  min 
ister  to  Chili,  which  post  he  resigned  in 
1828.  In  1830  he  was  appointed  president 
of  the  United  States  branch  bank,  of  Bur 
lington.  He  died  April  9,  1852,  in  High- 
gate,  Vt. 

ALLEN,  HEMAN  W.,  soldier,  merchant, 
legislator,  was  born  in  1844,  in  Westford, 
Vt.  He  was  a  private  in  company  A, 
thirteenth  regiment  Vermont  volunteers; 
was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  company 
I,  second  Vermont  militia,  in  1864-67;  and 
inspector  of  rifle  practice  on  staff  of  Gov 
ernor  Woodbury.  He  is  a  successful  dry- 
goods  merchant  of  Vermont;  a  director  of 
the  Merchants  National  bank,  and  of  the 
Vermont  Electric  company. 

ALLEN,  HENRY,  founder  of  a  sect,  was 
born  June  14,  1748,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  In 
1774  and  succeeding  years  he  made  many 
converts  in  Nova  Scotia  to  his  peculiar 
mystical  religious  ideas.  He  believed  that 
human  souls  are  emanations  from  a  single 
great  spirit,  and  that  the  Bible  is  to  be  in 
terpreted  not  literally,  but  in  a  spiritual 
sense.  He  published  a  book  of  hymns 
and  several  treatises  and  sermons.  The 
Allenites  became  numerous  under  his  elo 
quent  preaching,  but  declined  after  his 
death.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1784,  in  North 
ampton,  N.  H. 

ALLEN,  HENRY  WATKINS,  the  fif 
teenth  governor  of  Louisiana,  was  born 
April  29,  1820,  in  Prince  Edward  county, 
Va.  He  taught  school,  practiced  law,  and 
became  a  gallant  soldier.  In  1842  with 
his  brother  he  enlisted  in  the  war  of 
Texas  against  Mexico;  and  in  1846  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature  of  Missis 
sippi.  He  ran  away  from  school,  had  a 
roving  disposition,  and  finally  settled  in 
West  Baton  Rouge;  and  in  1853  was 
elected  to  the  Louisiana  house  of  repre 
sentatives.  In  1861  he  joined  the  con 
federate  army,  was  elected  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  became  military  governor  of 
Jackson,  Miss.  He  was  desperately 
wounded  at  Shiloh  and  at  Baton  Rouge, 
and  was  appointed  brigadier-general.  In 
1864  he  was  inaugurated  governor  of 
Louisiana,  and  died  April  22,  1866,  in  the 
city  of  Mexico. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     (IF    AMERICAN     BIOORAIMIV. 


ALLEN,  IRA,  soldier,  author,  was  born 
April  21,  1751,  in  Cornwall,  Conn.  He  was 
an  officer  in  the  American  army  during 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  was  after 
wards  instrumental  in  settling  the  dis 
putes  between  Vermont  and  its  neighbors. 
He  was  the  author  of  Natural  and  Politi 
cal  History  of  Vermont.  He  died  Jan.  7, 
1814,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ALLEN,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  1692  in  Roxbury,  Mass.  He  was 
ordained  in  1718  and  became  the  first 
minister  of  Brookline,  remaining  in  that 
charge  until  his  death.  His  remarks  con 
cerning  the  religious  revival  of  1743  drew 
upon  him  severe  animadversion.  He  pub 
lished  a  Thanksgiving  sermon;  a  dis 
course  on  Providence;  a  discourse  en 
titled  The  Doctrine  of  Merit  Exploded, 
and  Humility  Recommended;  a  Fast 
Sermon  on  the  Earthquake,  and  other 
works.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1747,  in  Brook- 
line,  Mass. 

ALLEN,  JAMES  C.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1823,  in  Shelby 
county,  Ky.  In  1846  he  was  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  in  the  seventh  judicial 
district  of  Indiana  for  two  years;  and  in 
1850  and  1851  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature.  He  was  chosen  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Illinois,  from 
1853  to  1855,  and  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress  as  a  repre 
sentative. 

ALLEN,  JAMES  LANE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1849,  in  Kentucky.  He 
was  at  one  time  a  teacher,  now  devoted 
to  literature.  A  writer  of  short  stories, 
notable  for  literary  excellence.  He  is  the 
author  of  Flute  and  Violin;  The  Blue 
Grass  Region  and  Other  Sketches  of  Ken 
tucky;  John  Gray:  a  Novel;  The  Ken 
tucky  Cardinal;  Aftermath;  A  Summer 
in  Arcady;  and  The  Choir  Invisible. 

ALLEN,  JEREMIAH  MERVIN,  under 
writer,  was  born  May  18,  1833,  in  Enfield, 
Conn.  Since  1867  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Hartford  Steamboat  Inspection  and 
Insurance  company;  and  is  also  trustee 
and  director  of  a  number  of  business  cor 
porations. 

ALLEN,  JEROME,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1830  in  Vermont.  He  was  an 
educator  of  New  York,  dean  of  the  school 
of  Pedagogy;  and  author  of  Handbook  of 
Experimental  Chemistry;  Methods  for 
Teachers  in  Grammar;  Mind  Studies  for 
Young  Teachers;  and  Temperament  in 
Education.  He  died  in  1894. 

ALLEN,  JESSE  C.,  educator,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1832,  in  Muskin- 
gum  county,  Ohio.  For  nearly  twenty 
years  he  was  engaged  in  educational 
work;  was  then  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
attained  success  as  an  eminent  lawyer 
of  Van  Wert,  Ohio.  He  now  devotes  most 
of  his  time  to  literature,  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  work  entitled  Modern  World 
View. 

ALLEN,  JOEL  ASAPH,  naturalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  19,  1838,  in  Spring 
field,  Mass.  He  is  a  naturalist  who  since 
1885  has  been  curator  of  orinthology  and 
mammalogy  in  the  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History  in  New  York  city.  He  is 
the  author  of  History  of  North  American 
Pinnipeds;  and  Monographs  of  North 
American  Rodentia. 

ALLEN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1763,  in  Great  Harrington, 
Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  state  council  of 
Connecticut  for  several  years.  He  was 
a  representative  from  that  state  during 
the  last  congress  which  was  held  in 
Philadelphia,  from  1797  to  1799.  He  died 
July  31,  1812,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 


ALLEN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  soldier,  was 
born  Dec.  30,  1772,  in  Rockbridge,  Va. 
He  was  the  son  of  an  early  settler  in 
Kentucky,  and  began  the  practice  of  law 
at  Shelbyville  in  1795.  In  1812  he  raised 
a  regiment  of  riflemen  which  was  en 
gaged  in  the  battle  of  Brownstown  and 
formed  the  left  wing  at  the  river  Raisin, 
and  was  killed  in  battle  at  that  place,  Jan. 
22,  1814. 

ALLEN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
was  born  Aug.  17,  1796,  in  Augusta  county, 
Va.  In  1824,  in  company  with  E.  W. 
Rumsey,  lie  located  the  site  of  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich.  He  engaged  in  land  speculation  and 
at  one  time  owned  thousands  of  acres  of 
land  in  the  western  part  of  the  state, 
much  of  which  was  lost  in  the  panic  of 
1837.  In  company  with  Samuel  W.  Dex 
ter,  he  published  for  a  time  the  Western 
Emigrant,  the  first  paper  in  Washtenaw 
county.  He  studied  law  with  James 
Kingsley,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1832,  but  gave  little  time  to  the  pro 
fession.  He  was  state  senator  of  Michigan 
in  1845-48.  He  went  to  California  in  1850 
and  died  there  March  11,  1851. 

ALLEN,  JOHN,  dental  inventor,  was 
born  May  26,  1823,  in  Meriden,  Conn. 
After  numerous  experiments  he  succeed 
ed  by  artificial  means  in  restoring  the 
sunken  portion  of  the  face  to  its  original 
position.  He  was  largely  instrumental  in 
organizing  the  Ohio  Dental  college,  and 
was  professor  for  many  years  in  this  col 
lege.  He  died  March  12,  1892. 

ALLEN,  JOHN  BEARD,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
May  18,  1845,  in  Crawfordsville,  Ind.  He 
was  educated  in  Wabash  college,  Craw 
fordsville;  was  a  private  soldier  in  the 
one  hundred  and  thirty-fifth  regiment  of 
Indiana  volunteers;  removed  with  his 
father's  family  to  Rochester,  Minn.,  where 
he  resided  until  1870;  here  he  read  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice.  He  re 
moved  to  Washington  territory  in  1870, 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
attorney  for  Washington  territory  April, 
1875,  by  President  Grant,  and  continued 
In  that  office  until  July,  1885;  and  was 
reporter  of  the  supreme  court  of  Wash 
ington  territory  from  1878  to  1885.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
republican  from  the  territory  of  Washing 
ton;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of 
congress  admitting  Washington  territory 
into  the  union;  and  took  his  seat  Dec.  2, 
1889.  His  term  of  service  expired  March 
3,  1893. 

ALLEN,  JOHN  J.  congressman,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  resident 
of  Harrison  county;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia, 
from  1833  to  1835.  Subsequently  he  held 
the  office  of  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Virginia. 

ALLEN,  JOHN  M.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  8,  1847,  in  Tisho- 
mingo  county,  Miss.  He  received  a  com 
mon-school  education;  and  served  in  the 
confederate  army  throughout  the  civil 
war.  He  attended  the  law  school  of  Cum 
berland  university,  Tennessee,  and  in 
1870  graduated  in  law  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Mississippi;  in  the  same  year  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  at  Tupelo,  Miss.  In  1875 
he  was  elected  district  attorney  for  the 
first  judicial  district  of  Mississippi,  in 
which  position  he  served  four  years;  and 
in  1884  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Mississippi  to  the  forty-ninth  congress, 
and  received  the  re-election  to  the  fiftieth, 
fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty- 
fourth,  and  fifty-fifth  congresses. 


ALLEN,  JOHN  W.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1802  in  Litchfield, 
Conn.  He  settled  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in 
1825;  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  that 
state  from  1835  to  1837;  also  mayor  of 
Cleveland;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1837  to  1841.  He 
was  a  son  of  John  Allen,  of  Great  Bar- 
rington,  Mass. 

ALLEN,  JOSEPH,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1749,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  merchant  in  Leicester, 
and  benefactor  of  the  academy  there; 
twice  elector  for  president;  and  was  a 
clerk  of  the  county  court  and  a  state  coun 
cilor.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts,  from  1810  to 
1811.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1827,  in  Worcester, 
Mass. 

ALLEN,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  15,  1790,  in  Medfield,  Mass. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1811,  and 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  congregational 
church  at  Northborough  in  1816,  which 
relation  he  sustained  until  his  death.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  peace  congress  at 
Paris  in  1849;  and  the  author  of  His 
torical  Account  of  Northboro;  Centennial 
Discourse;  Memoir  of  Rev.  Dr.  Lathrop 
of  Springfield;  History  of  the  Worcester 
Association;  and  Allen  Genealogy.  He 
died  Feb.  23,  1873,  in  Northborough,  Mass. 

ALLEN,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1820, 
in  Northborough,  Mass.  He  attended  the 
district  school  till  the  age  of  thirteen 
years,  and  graduated  from  Harvard  col 
lege  in  1840.  During  1843-47  he  filled  a 
pastorate  in  Jamaica  Plain,  near  Boston; 
in  Washington,  D.  C.,  1847-50;  in  Bangor, 
Maine,  1850-57.  During  1857-69  he  was 
editor  of  the  Christian  Examiner;  from 
1887-91  was  editor  of  the  Unitarian  Re 
view;  and  during  1878-82  was  lecturer  on 
ecclesiastical  history  in  the  Harvard  uni 
versity.  He  was  associate  editor  of  the 
Allen  and  Greenough  series  of  classical 
text-books.  He  is  the  author  of  Hebrew 
Men  and  Times;  Fragments  of  Christian 
History;  Christian  History,  in  three 
volumes;  Outline  of  Christian  History; 
Positive  Religion;  Historical  Sketch  of 
Unitarianism;  and  other  works. 

ALLEN,  JUDSON,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Connecticut.  He  removed  to  New 
York,  and  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state,  from  1839  to 
1841. 

ALLEN,  LEWIS  FALLY,  author,  was 
born  in  1799  in  New  York.  He  was  once 
a  prominent  cattle  broker,  and  the  author 
of  Rural  Architecture;  The  American 
Herd  Book;  and  American  Cattle. 

ALLEN,  LYMAN  WHITNEY,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  in  1854,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  He  graduated  from  Washington  uni 
versity  in  1878,  and  prepared  for  the  min 
istry  at  Princeton  Theological  seminary. 
This  eminent  presbyterian  clergyman  is 
chiefly  known  as  the  author  of  many 
gems  of  religious  verse,  which  have  ap 
peared  in  standard  publications. 

ALLEN,  MALACIAH,  soldier,  farmer, 
public  official,  born  April  1,  1841,  in 
Georgia.  After  graduating  from  Madi 
son  college,  Miss.,  he  taught  school  for 
awhile;  he  then  became  a  soldier  In  the 
Tennessee  division  of  the  army;  he 
served  four  years  and  held  the  position 
of  captain  at  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  in  every  battle  fought  by  the  army 
of  the  Tennessee,  and  was  wounded  three 
times.  After  the  war  he  engaged  in 
farming;  and  since  1887  has  been  clerk 
of  the  circuit  court  of  Madison  county. 
Miss. 


36 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ALLEN,  MARY  WOOD,  physician,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1841,  in 
Delta,  Ohio.  After  graduating  she  taught 
music,  French,  and  German  in  a  collegiate 
institute  in  Battle  Ground,  Ind.,  until  her 
marriage  to  Mr.  Chillon  B.  Allen,  now  a 
noted  lawyer.  In  1875  she  graduated  in 
medicine  from  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  subse 
quently  practiced  medicine  in  Newark, 
N.  J.;  and  is  now  a  successful  lecturer 
of  Toledo,  Ohio.  She  is  the  author  of 
Man  Wonderful  and  the  House  Beautiful, 
an  allegorical  physiology;  and  her  poem, 
entitled  Motherhood,  won  for  itself  im 
mediate  fame. 

ALLEN.  MOSES,  clergyman,  patriot, 
was  born  Sept.  14,  1748.  in  Northampton, 
Mass.  In  1777  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  Midway,  Ga.  The  British  force 
under  Gen.  Prevost  burned  his  church 
and  devastated  the  district  In  1778.  He 
officiated  as  chaplain  to  the  Georgia  bri 
gade,  and  was  captured  when  Savannah 
was  reduced  by  the  British  in  December. 
His  eloquent,  patriotic  appeals  and  ener 
getic  exertions  in  the  field  had  rendered 
him  obnoxious  to  the  British,  and  they 
refused  to  release  him  on  parole  with  the 
officers.  He  was  confined  in  a  loathsome 
prison-ship,  and  was  drowned  in  attempt 
ing  to  escape.  He  died  Feb.  8,  1779. 

ALLEN,  NATHAN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  April  13,  1813,  in  Princeton, 
Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of  Lowell;  and 
the  author  of  The  Law  of  Human  In 
crease;  The  Opium  Trade;  and  Physical 
Development.  He  died  In  1889. 

ALLEN,  NATHANIEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.  He 
served  in  the  assembly  of  that  state  In 
1812;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  from  1819  to  1821. 

ALLEN,  NATHANIEL  TOPLIFF,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1823,  in  Medfield, 
Mass.  In  1848  he  was  appointed  to  the 
charge  of  the  model 
department  in  the 
Normal  school  of 
West  Newton,  Mass., 
which  position  he 
filled  with  marked 
ability  for  six  years. 
In  connection  with 
Cyrus  Pierce,  father 
of  American  normal 
schools,  he  then  es- 
tabllshed  the  West 
Newton  English  and 
Classical  school.  For 
nearly  half  a  century  he  has  taught  in 
this  school,  which  he  purchased  in  1853; 
and  with  his  three  brothers  has  created 
for  the  institution  a  national  reputation 
in  the  educational  world.  Here  the  first 
pure  kindergarten  in  the  United  States 
was  started  in  1863.  He  has  always  ad 
vocated  the  liberal  and  thorough  co-edu 
cation  of  the  sexes,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent  educators  in  the  United 
States. 

ALLEN,  ORRIN  PEER,  educator,  phar 
macist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1833,  in 
Wallingford,  Vt.  He  finished  his  educa 
tion  at  Chester  academy,  Vt.;  he  taught 
school  in  several  Vermont  towns;  for 
two  years  was  superintendent  of  schools 
in  Vernon;  and  subsequently  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  Toanack  institute  of  Hacken- 
sack,  N.  J.  Since  1859  he  has  resided  in 
Palmer,  Mass..  and  successfully  conduct 
ing  a  pharmacy.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Palmer  Public  library  in 
1878,  and  has  since  been  a  member  of  its 
board  of  management,  and  is  a  member 
in  various  societies.  He  Is  the  author  of 
the  Lee.  Doollttle,  and  Allen  Genealogies; 
and  of  many  historical  and  miscellaneous 
papers. 


ALLEN,  PAUL,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  15,  1775,  in  Providence.  R.  I. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  Philadelphia;  and 
the  author  of  Poems:  Noah,  a  poem  in 
five  cantos;  Life  of  Alexander  I;  and 
Lewis  and  Clark's  Novels.  He  died  Aug. 
18,  1826,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

ALLEN,  PHILIP,  manufacturer,  gov 
ernor  of  Rhode  Island,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1785,  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  He  graduated  at  Brown  university 
in  1803;  was  elected  to  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1819,  1820,  and  1821;  and  de 
voted  much  attention  to  the  business  of 
manufacturing;  he  was  governor  of 
Rhode  Island  during  the  years  1851,  1852, 
and  1853;  and  was  elected  a  senator  in 
congress  from  his  native  state,  from 
March  3,  1853,  for  six  years.  He 
constructed  the  first  Watt  and  Boulton 
steam  engine  in  Providence.  He  died  Dec. 
16,  1865,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

ALLEN,  RICHARD,  revolutionary  sol 
dier,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1741,  in  Maryland. 
In  1775  he  joined  the  continental  forces 
as  sergeant,  and  later  was  promoted  cap 
tain.  After  the  war  he  held  several  civil 
offices.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1832. 

ALLEN,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  bishop, 
was  born  in  1760.  He  became  a  local 
methodlst  preacher  about  1782,  and  in 
1793,  at  Philadelphia,  organized  the  first 
church  for  colored  people  In  the  United 
States.  He  was  ordained  in  the  methodist 
ministry  in  1799,  and  was  elected  bishop 
of  the  newly  formed  African  methodist 
episcopal  church  in  1816.  He  died  March 
26,  1831,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ALLEN,  RICHARD  C.,  jurist.  He  was 
a  citizen  of  Florida,  and  was  one  of  the 
earliest  United  States  judges  appointed 
for  the  district  embracing  that  state. 

ALLEN,  RICHARD  LAMB,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  October,  1803,  in 
Hampton  county,  Mass.,  and  was  a  broth 
er  of  L.  F.  Allen,  with  whom,  in  1842,  he 
founded  the  American  Agriculturalist. 
He  was  the  author  of  Domestic  Animals; 
Diseases  of  Domestic  Animals;  and  New 
American  Farm  Book.  He  died  Sept.  22, 
1869,  in  Stockholm,  in  Sweden. 

ALLEN,  ROBERT,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1777  in  Augusta  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  colonel  in  the  army  under 
General  Jackson;  and  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Tennessee,  from  1819 
to  1827.  He  died  Aug.  19,  1864,  in  Car 
thage,  Tenn. 

ALLEN,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  July  20,  1794, 
in  Woodstock,  Va.  He  was  educated  at 
Dickinson  and  Washington  colleges;  stud 
ied  law,  and  practiced  in  his  native  place. 
For  a  time  he  held  the  office  of  prosecutor 
for  the  commonwealth;  served  five  years 
in  the  senate  of  Virginia;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1827  to  1833. 

ALLEN,  ROBERT,  general,  was  born  in 
1815  in  Ohio.  He  was  graduated  at  West 
Point  in  1836,  and  was  second  lieutenant 
in  the  Seminole  war.  In  the  Mexican  war 
he  received  the  brevet  rank  of  major.  He 
was  promoted  brigadier-general  of  vol 
unteers  in  1863,  and  was  brevetted  brig 
adier-general  in  the  regular  army  in  1864 
He  received  the  brevet  rank  of  major- 
general  in  1865.  After  the  war  he  served 
again  as  chief  quartermaster  of  the  Pa 
cific,  and  was  retired  March  21,  1878.  He 
died  Aug.  6.  1886,  in  Geneva.  Switzerland. 

ALLEN,  SAMUEL,  patentee  of  New 
Hampshire,  was  born  in  1636  in  England. 
He  was  a  London  merchant,  and  in  1691 
purchased  from  the  heirs  of  John  Mason 
their  grant  of  land  from  the  English 
crown.  The  purchase  included  Portsmouth 


and  Dover,  and  extended  sixty  miles  from 
the  sea  coast.  He  died  May  5,  1705.  in 
Newcastle,  N.  H. 

ALLEN.  SAMUEL  C.,  clergyman,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  5,  1772,  in  Franklin  county,  Mass. 
He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  college  in 
1794;  was  a  representative  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature  from  1806  to  1810;  a 
state  senator  from  1812  to  1815,  and  in 
1831;  a  member  of  the  executive  council 
in  1829  and  1830;  and  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1817  to 
1829.  He  was  at  one  time  a  congregation 
al  preacher,  but  subsequently  turned  his 
attention  to  law  and  literature.  He  died 
Feb.  8,  1842,  in  Northfleld,  Mass. 

ALLEN,  SAMUEL  WARD  KING,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  2. 
1842,  in  North  Kingstown.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  East  Greenwich  acad 
emy,  the  New  York  Conference  seminary, 
and  the  Boston  university.  He  served  as 
a  soldier  in  the  civil  war,  and  attained 
prominence  as  an  able  lawyer;  served  six 
terms  in  the  Rhode  Island  state  legisla 
ture;  and  was  speaker  of  the  house  of 
representatives  three  successive  terms. 

ALLEN,  SOLOMON,  soldier,  missionary, 
was  born  Feb.  23,  1751,  in  Northampton, 
Mass.  He  was  a  brother  of  Moses  and 
Thomas  Allen,  who  were  chaplains  in  the 
revolutionary  army,  while  he  fought  as  a 
soldier  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  major.  As 
lieutenant  he  commanded  the  guard  that 
took  Major  Andr6  to  West  Point.  After 
the  war  he  was  engaged  in  suppressing 
Shay's  rebellion.  At  the  age  of  forty  he 
became  a  religious  convert,  and  at  fifty 
began  the  life  of  a  missionary  preacher. 
A  Sketch  of  the  Last  Hours  of  Solomon 
Allen  was  written  by  J.  N.  Danforth.  He 
died  Jan.  28,  1821,  in  New  York. 

ALLEN,  STEPHEN,  business  man,  pub 
lic  official,  was  born  in  July,  1767,  in  New 
York  city.  While  commissioner  for  visit 
ing  prisons,  he  proposed  the  erection  of 
the  state  prison  at  Sing  Sing,  and  was  one 
of  the  principal  originators  of  the  project 
for  supplying  New  York  city  with  water 
from  the  Croton  river.  He  perished  in  the 
steamer  Henry  Clay,  which  was  burned 
in  July,  1852. 

ALLEN,  STEPHEN,  state  senator,  was 
born  about  1772.  He  was  elected  mayor 
in  1821  and  1822.  and  for  several  years  was 
a  state  senator;  and  a  member  of  the 
court  of  errors,  at  that  time  the  highest 
court  of  appeal  in  the  state. 

ALLEN,  STEPHEN  MERRILL,  mer 
chant,  banker,  author,  was  born  in  1819 
in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  a  banker  and 
merchant  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of 
Fibrllia  and  Fibrous  Manufactures,  An 
cient  and  Modern;  Theories  of  Light;  and 
Religion  and  Science.  He  died  In  1894. 

ALLEN,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  journalist, 
railroad  president,  congressman,  was  born 
at  Pittsfleld,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at 
Union  college;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar.  In  1837  he  removed  to 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  engaged  in  the 
printing  and  newspaper  business.  In  1842 
he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was  a 
state  senator  in  1850  and  1854;  became 
largely  interested  in  railways,  and  was, 
for  many  years,  president  of  railway  cor 
porations.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-seventh 
congress.  He  died  April  7,  1882. 

ALLEN,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  patriot, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1743,  in  Northampton, 
Mass.  He  was  the  first  minister  of  Pitts- 
field.  Mass.,  where  he  was  ordained  in 
1764.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1810,  in  Pittsfleld, 
Mass.  His  son  William  is  the  well-known 
D.  D.  and  author,  who  for  nineteen  years 
was  president  of  Bowdoin  college. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


37 


ALLEN,  THOMAS,  landscape  and  ani 
mal  painter,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1849,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  was  president  of  the 
Paint  and  Clay  club  of  Boston;  Boston 
Society  of  Water  Color  Painting,  and  the 
Boston  Art  club.  In  1894  he  was' judge  of 
awards,  department  of  fine  arts,  at  the 
World's  Columbian  exposition,  Chicago. 

ALLEN,  TIMOTHY  FIELD,  physician, 
author,  was  born  April  24,  1837,  in  West 
minster,  Vt.  He  is  a  physician  of  New 
York  city,  and  has  been  dean  of  the 
Homoeopathic  Medical  college  since  1882. 
He  is  the  author  of  Characcae  Americanse; 
and  General  Symptom-Register  of 
Homoeopathic  Materia  Medica.  He  has 
edited  Encyclopaedia  of  Pure  Materia 
Medica. 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1784, 
in  Pittsfield,  Mass.  In  1802  he  graduated 
at  Cambridge;  and 
two  years  later  was 
licensed  to  preach. 
During  1804-10  he 
was  a  regent  in  Har 
vard  college;  and 
devoted  much  of  his 
time  to  the  prepara 
tion  of  the  American 
Biographical  and 
Historical  Diction 
ary.  For  two  years 
he  was  president  of 
Dartmouth  univer 
sity;  and  in  1820  was  inaugurated  presi 
dent  of  Bowdoin  college.  He  resigned 
in  1839,  and  moved  to  Northampton, 
Mass.,  where  he  devoted  himself  to  liter 
ary  work.  He  was  the  author  of  An  Ac 
count  of  Remarkable  Shipwrecks;  A  Col 
lection  of  Psalms  and  Hymns,  many  of 
which  were  original;  a  second  and  en 
larged  edition  of  the  Biographical  Dic 
tionary;  and  a  work  entitled  Junius  Un 
masked.  He  died  July  16,  1868,  in  North 
ampton,  Mass. 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  governor  of 
Ohio,  was  born  in  1806  in  Edenton,  N.  C. 
He  received  a  good 
education:  was  con 
nected  by  family  ties 
with  Allen  G.  Thur- 
man;  was  an  early 
emigrant  to  the  state 
of  Ohio;  and  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of 
the  law.  He  was  a 
reprcsenta  live  in 
congress  from  Ohio 
from  1833  to  1835; 
was  elected  a  senator 
in  congress  from 
1837  to  1849;  and  in  1874  became  govern 
or  of  Ohio,  serving  as  such  until  1876.  He 
refused  to  accept  any  office  except  such 
as  was  conferred  upon  him  by  an  election 
of  the  people.  He  died  July  11,  1879. 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1827,  in  Butler 
county,  Ohio.  He  received  a  good  En 
glish  education;  taught  school  for  a  time; 
studied  law.  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1849.  In  1850  he  was  elected  a  county 
prosecuting  attorney,  and  re-elected  in 
1852.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Chi 
cago  convention  in  1864.  and  also  to  the 
Philadelphia  national  union  convention 
of  1866. 

ALL.EN,  WILLIAM  FRANCIS,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1830.  in 
Northborough,  Mass.,  and  was  a  brother 
of  J.  H.  Allen.  He  was  a  professor  in  the 


university  of  Wisconsin;  and  published 
Outline  Studies  in  the  History  of  Ireland; 
Monographs  and  Essays;  and  edited  a 
collection  of  Slave  Songs.  He  died  in 
1889. 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  in  March, 
1808,  in  Readfield,  Maine.  In  1833  he 
graduated  from 
Bowdoin  college; 
and  then  became  a 
teacher  of  Greek  and 
Latin  in  the  Caze- 
novia  seminary,  N.  Y. 
In  1836  he  took 
charge  of  the 
high  school  in  Au 
gusta,  Maine;  then 
filled  a  position  in 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  where 
for  ten  years  he  was 
professor  of  chem 
istry  and  natural  philosophy  in  Dickin 
son  college.  In  1850  he  became  president 
of  the  Girard  college  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
For  thirteen  years  he  filled  that  position 
and  then  resigned;  but  at  the  end  of 
four  years  he  was  persuaded  to  again  ac 
cept  the  presidency  of  that  institution. 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM  HOWARD,  naval 
officer,  was  born  July  8,  1790,  in  Hudson, 
N.  Y.  He  entered  the  navy  as  midship 
man  in  1808,  and  was  promoted  lieuten 
ant  in  1813.  He  was  second  lieutenant  of 
the  Argus,  and  commanded  in  the  fight 
with  the  Pelican  off  the  coast  of  England 
after  Captain  Allen  and  the  first  officer 
were  disabled.  He  was  killed  in  attempt 
ing  to  board  piratical  vessels  with  boats 
near  Matanzas,  in  the  island  of  Cuba.  His 
friend  Halleck  made  his  early  death  the 
subject  of  a  tender  and  touching  poem. 
He  was  killed  in  action  Nov.  9,  1822. 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1828,  in  Tennes 
see.  He  removed  with  his  father  to  Illi 
nois  in  1829;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1848.  In  1854  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Illinois  legislature;  in  1855  was 
appointed  United  States  attorney  for  the 
district  of  Illinois,  which  office  he  re 
signed  in  1860,  and  was  then  elected  judge 
of  the  circuit  court.  In  1862  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
thirty-seventn  congress,  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  John  A.  Logan,  resigned,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM  TEMPLE,  clergy 
man,  was  born  on  Dec.  15,  1855,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  is  a  clergyman  of  St.  Peter's, 
Talladega.  He  built  the  church  at  Boeme, 
Texas,  and  also  the  church  at  Gadsden, 
Ala. 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM  VINCENT,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist.  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Jan.  28,  1847,  in  Medway,  Ohio. 
_  He  received  his  edu 

cation  in  the  Iowa 
common  schools  and 
the  Upper  Iowa  uni 
versity  of  Fayette. 
He  served  as  a  union 
soldier  during  the 
civil  war  in  com 
pany  G,  thirty-sec 
ond  Iowa  volunteer 
infantry.  In  1869  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  removed  to  Ne 
braska  in  1884;  and 
in  1891  was  elected  judge  of  the  ninth 
judicial  district  of  that  state.  In  1893  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  United  States 
senate  for  the  full  term  of  six  years.  As 
a  lawyer,  judge  and  senator,  he  has  es 
tablished  an  admitted  leadership.  He  is 
a  marvel  of  senate  oratory,  having  made 


a  notable  fifteen  hours'  speech  in  the 
great  silver  debate;  and  is  the  unques 
tioned  populist  leader  in  the  entire  con 
gress. 

ALLEN,  WILLIS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Tennessee;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Illinois  from  1851 
to  1855. 

ALLEN,  WILLIS  BOYD,  author,  was 
born  July  9,  1855,  in  Kittery  Point,  Maine. 
He  attended  the  Boston  Latin  school,  and 
in  1878  graduated  from  Harvard  college. 
He  has  been  editor  of  Cottage  Hearth; 
Our  Sunday  Afternoon,  and  Wellspring. 
He  is  the  author  of  twenty-eight  books  for 
young  people,  the  most  notable  of  which 
are:  Pine  Cone  Stories,  in  six  volumes; 
Red  Mountain  of  Alaska;  Lion  City  of 
Africa;  Camp  Vagabond;  Mammoth 
Hunters;  The  Great  Island;  Boyhood  of 
John  Kent;  Christmas  at  Surf  Point; 
Snowed  In;  A  Son  of  Liberty;  Called  to 
the  Front;  Mountaineer  Series,  in  five 
volumes;  Forest  Home  Series,  in  five 
volumes;  John  Brownlow's  Folks;  and 
In  the  Morning. 

ALLEN,  ZACHARIAH,  inventor,  was 
born  Sept.  15,  1795,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
He  was  a  noted  inventor  and  manufac 
turer  of  Providence;  and  the  author  of 
Practical  Tourist;  Practical  Mechanics; 
Philosophy  of  the  Mechanics  of  Nature; 
and  Solar  Light  and  Heat.  He  died  March 
17,  1882. 

ALLERTON,  MRS.  ELLEN,  poet,  was 
born  in  1835,  in  New  York.  She  is  the 
author  of  Poems  of  the  Prairies,  and 
contributes  to  current  literature. 

ALLERTON,  ELLEN  PALMER,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  17,  1835,  in  Centerville, 
N.  Y.  She  has  contributed  to  Milwaukee 
and  Chicago  papers;  was  at  one  time 
book  reviewer  for  the  Milwaukee  Sentinel, 
and  is  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled 
Poems  of  the  Prairies. 

ALLERTON,  ISAAC,  pilgrim,  was  born 
about  1583.  He  went  from  England  to 
Leyden  in  1608,  and  came  to  America  in 
1620  in  the  first  voyage  of  the  Mayflower. 
He  was  a  wealthy  and  enterprising  mem 
ber  of  the  colony,  and  took  a  leading  part 
in  its  affairs.  He  treated  with  Massasoit, 
and  made  several  trips  to  England  as  the 
agent  of  the  colony  to  purchase  the  rights 
of  the  adventurers,  to  secure  patents  for 
lands,  and  to  bring  over  the  rest  of  the 
congregation  at  Leyden.  He  died  in  1659 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

ALLERTON,  SAMUEL  WATERS,  pack 
er,  was  born  May  26,  1828,  near  South 
Amenia,  N.  Y.  In  1873  Mr.  Allerton  be 
gan  packing  meats,  and  carried  on  the 
business  as  The  Allerton  Packing  Co.,  of 
which  he  is  president.  He  now  has  forty 
thousand  acres  of  farm  land  in  Illinois, 
Ohio,  and  in  Iowa — upon  which  live  stock 
is  raised  and  fattened.  He  is  one  of  the 
two  survivors  of  the  organizers  of  the 
First  National  bank  of  Chicago;  and  a 
large  owner  in  The  Chicago  City  Railway; 
The  Arcade  File  Works  of  Anderson,  Ind., 
and  president  of  The  Allerton  bank  of 
Allerton,  111. 

ALLEY,  JOHN  B.,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1817,  in  Lynn, 
Mass.  He  entered  largely  into  the  shoe 
and  leather  business;  served  several  years 
in  the  city  councils  of  Lynn;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  governor's  council  in  1851;  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  senate  In 
1852;  of  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion  held  in  1853;  and  in  1858  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  Lnirty-sixth  congress.  He  was  elected 
to  the  thirty-seventh,  thirty-eighth  and 
thirty-ninth  congresses,  and  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  loyalist  conven 
tion  of  1866. 


38 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


ALLIBONE,  SAMUEL  AUSTIN,  author, 
was  born  April  17,  1816,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  widely  known  by  his  Critical 
Dictionary  of  English  Literature  and 
British  and  American  Authors,  a  work  of 
immense  labor  and  research.  He  died 
Sept.  2,  1889,  in  Lucerne,  Switzerland. 

ALLIN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1596  in  England.  He  was  a  puri 
tan  scholar,  who  emigrated  from  England 
in  1637;  became  the  first  minister  of 
Dedham;  and  was  the  author  of  several 
works.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1671,  in  Dedham, 
Mass. 

ALLIS,  LIZZIE  MAY,  educator,  was 
oorn  May  28,  1863,  in  Prattsburgh,  N.  Y.. 
which  city  is  still  her  home.  She  gradu 
ated  from  the  Franklin  academy;  El- 
mira  college  and  from  Cornell  university. 
She  has  filled  the  chair  of  German  and 
English  in  the  Jacksonville  Female  acad 
emy,  Illinois;  was  preceptress  for  three 
years  of  the  State  Normal  school  of  Mans 
field,  Pa.;  and  now  fills  the  chair  of 
French  and  German  in  the  Iowa  State 
college. 

ALLISON,  BURGESS,  educator,  clergy 
man,  inventor,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1753, 
in  Bordentown,  N.  J.  He  studied  at  Rhode 
Island  college  (now  Brown  university)  In 
1777,  and  subsequently  had  charge  of  a 
•mall  congregation  at  Bordentown,  N.  J., 
where  he  established  a  classical  boarding- 
school,  which  attained  great  reputation. 
In  1796  he  withdrew  from  his  teaching 
and  devoted  his  time  for  several  yean 
to  inventing.  Some  improvements  in  the 
steam  engine  and  its  application  to  navi 
gation  are  due  to  his  efforts.  He  was 
elected  chaplain  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  In  1816,  and  later  became  chap 
lain  at  the  navy-yard,  Washington,  where 
he  remained  until  his  death.  He  died  Feb. 
20,  1827,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

ALLISON,  JAMES,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1772,  in  Cecil  coun 
ty,  Md.  He  studied  law  and  acquired  a 
high  position  at  the  bar  of  western  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  that  state  to  the  eighteenth 
congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  nineteenth 
congress,  but  on  account  of  ill  health  and 
his  dislike  of  public  life,  declined  the  po 
sition.  After  practicing  his  profession  for 
fifty  years,  he  died  in  June.  1854. 

ALLISON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  6,  1812,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  studied  law,  but  never  practiced  the 
profession;  was  elected  to  the  assembly 
of  his  state  in  1846,  1847.  and  1849;  was  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
thirty-second  and  thirty-fourth  con 
gresses,  and  declined  a  nomination  for  re 
election.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  regis 
ter  of  the  United  States  treasury.  He  died 
March  23,  1878,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

ALLISON,  ROBERT,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre- 
fmtative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania, 
fi  m  1831  to  1833. 

ALLISON,  WILLIAM  B.,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  March  2,  1S29,  in 
Perry,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Western  Reserve  college,  Ohio;  studied 
law  and  practiced  in  Ohio  until  he  re 
moved  to  Iowa  In  1857.  He  served  on  the 
staff  of  the  governor  of  Iowa  and  aided 
In  organizing  volunteers  in  the  beginning 
of  the  war  for  the  suppression  of  the  re 
bellion.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
in  the  thirty-eighth,  thirty-ninth,  fortieth, 
and  forty-first  congresses,  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  United  States  mate  as  a  repub 
lican,  and  took  his  seat  March  4,  1873. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1878.  1884,  1890,  and 
1897.  His  term  of  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1903. 


ALLSTON,  JOSEPH,  governor,  was 
born  in  1778  in  South  Carolina.  He  was 
a  planter  of  education  and  ability;  was 
several  years  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  legislature;  and  was  governor  of 
that  state  from  1812  to  1814.  He  married 
a  daughter  of  Aaron  Burr,  and  for  that 
reason  was  suspected,  but  unjustly,  of  be 
ing  concerned  in  the  questionable  enter 
prises  of  that  famous  man.  His  wife  was 
lost  at  sea  on  her  passage  from  New  York 
to  Charleston  in  1812.  He  died  Sept.  10, 
1816. 

ALLSTON,  ROBERT  FRANCIS  WITH 
ERS,  statesman,  author,  was  born  April 
21,  1801,  in  All  Saint's  parish,  S.  C.  He 
was  a  Carolina  statesman  well  known  at 
one  time  as  an  agricultural  reformer.  He 
was  the  author  of  Memoir  on  Rice;  Essay 
on  Seacoast  Crops;  and  Report  on  Pub 
lic  Schools.  He  died  April  7,  1864,  near 
Georgetown,  S.  C. 

ALLSTON,  WASHINGTON,  artist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1779,  in  Wacca- 
maw,  S.  C.  He  was  the  foremost  of  Amer 
ican  painters  in  his  delineations  of  sa 
cred  history.  Jacob's  Dream;  Elijah  in 
the  Desert;  and  Belshazzar's  Feast,  the 
latter  on  which  he  was  at  work  when 
he  died,  are  among  his  sacred  historical 
paintings.  He  also  possessed  poetical 
talent  of  a  high  order,  and  was  the  author 
of  Sylphs  of  the  Seasons;  Romance  of 
Monaldi;  and  Lectures  on  Art.  He  died 
July  9,  1843,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

ALLYN,  EUNICE  ELOISAE  GIBBS,  art 
ist,  poet,  was  born  near  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
She  has  been  the  Washington  correspond 
ent  of  the  Chicago  Inter  Ocean;  was  a 
writer  for  the  St.  Louis  Globe  and  the 
New  York  World;  and  still  contributes 
both  prose  and  verse  to  the  leading  pub 
lications  of  America.  She  has  also  won 
distinction  as  an  artist  and  lecturer.  For 
eight  years  she  served  as  president  of  the 
Dubuque  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union,  and  is  prominently  identified  with 
various  other  organizations. 

ALLYN,  JOHN,  merchant,  was  born 
Sept.  4,  1783,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1805  he 
originated  the  ice  trade;  and  developed  the 
marvelous  processes  of  harvesting,  han 
dling  and  storing  ice,  which  are  still  in 
use  wherever  natural  ice  is  obtained  on 
a  large  scale.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1864.  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

ALLYN,  JOSEPH  P.,  jurist,  was  a  na 
tive  of  Connecticut,  from  which  state  he 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Arizona. 

ALMOND,  MARCUS  BLAKEY,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  17,  1851,  in  Stanardsville, 
Va.  For  many  years  he  was  professor  of 
ancient  languages  in  the  male  high  school 
of  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  is  now  headmaster 
of  the  university  school  of  that  city.  His 
famous  poem,  Estelle,  is  a  beautiful  story 
in  verse  of  some  fifty  pages,  and  was  pub 
lished  in  a  volume  with  other  poems. 
His  next  work  was  Agricola,  an  Easte: 
Idyl;  and  he  is  ihe  author  of  several  edu 
cational  works  of  acknowledged  excel 
lence. 

ALMY,  JOHN  JAY,  naval  officer,  was 
born  April  25,  1815,  in  Rhode  Island.  He 
entered  the  navy  as  midshipman  in  1829, 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  commodore  In 
1869;  and  until  1876  was  commander  of 
the  Pacific  squadron. 

ALMY,  WILLIAM,  educator,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1761,  In  Prov 
idence,  R.  I.  He  was  a  teacher  and  a 
member  of  the  society  of  Friends,  and  be 
came  wealthy  through  marriage  with  the 
only  daughter  of  Moses  Brown  and  re 


sulting  business  arrangements  for  the 
manufacture  of  cotton  goods.  One  of  his 
most  important  charities  was  the  estab 
lishment  of  the  New  England  yearly 
meeting  boarding-house  in  Providence, 
where  he  educated  at  his  own  expense 
eighty  young  persons  selected  by  him. 
He  devoted  large  sums  to  other  charita 
ble  objects.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1836. 

ALoOP,  GEORGE,  author,  was  born  in 
1638  in  England.  He  published  a  book 
with  this  quaint  title:  A  Character  of 
the  Province  of  Maryland;  also  a  Small 
Treatise  on  the  Wild  and  Naked  Indians 
or  Susquehanokes  of  Maryland,  their 
Customs,  Manners,  Absurdities,  and  Reli 
gion,  together  with  a  collection  of  his 
torical  letters. 

A  I. SOP,  JOHN,  merchant,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Middletown,  Conn.  He  was 
a  merchant,  and  by  his  ability,  patriot 
ism,  and  integrity  secured  his  election  to 
the  continental  congress  in  1774,  serving 
two  years  in  that  body.  He  died  Nov. 

22,  1794,  in  Newtown,  N.  Y. 

ALSOP,  JOHN,  lawyer,  poet,  was  born 
Feb.  5,  1776,  in  Middletown,  Conn.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  began  prac 
tice  in  New  London.  He  afterward  be 
came  a  bookseller  in  Hartford,  and  still 
later  in  New  York.  His  poems  were 
never  issued  in  book  form,  but  appeared 
in  various  periodicals  and  collections.  He 
died  Nov.  1,  1841,  in  Middletown,  Conn. 

ALSOP,  RICHARD,  poet,  was  born  Jan. 

23,  1761,  in  Middletown,  Conn.     He  was  a 
witty   political   satirist   who,   with   Theo 
dore  Dwight,  wrote  The  Echo  in  1791,  a 
series  of  metrical  parodies  upon  current 
publications,    orations,   state  papers,   and 
the  like.     Other  works  by  Alsop  are:   The 
Charms    of    Fancy;     A   Monody   on    the 
Death  of  Washington;  and  The  Enchant 
ed  Lake  of  the  Fairy  Morgana.     He  died 
Aug.  20,  1815,  in  Flatbush,  N.  Y. 

ALSTON,  LEMUEL  J.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1807  to  1811. 

ALSTON,  WILLIAM,  revolutionary 
soldier,  state  senator,  was  born  in  1757 
in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  captain 
in  the  revolutionary  war;  a  capable  sol 
dier  and  a  zealous  patriot.  After  the  war 
he  served  for  many  years  in  the  state  sen 
ate.  He  died  June  26,  1839. 

ALSTON,  WILLIAM  J.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Georgia.  Removing  to  Ala 
bama,  he  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1849  to  1851. 

ALSTON,  WILLIS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Halifax  county,  N.  C.  He  ap 
peared  in  public  life  as  early  as  1794,  serv 
ing  In  the  state  legislature  for  several 
years.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1799  to 
1815,  and  from  1825  to  1831.  He  died  April 
10,  1837. 

ALSTON,  WILLIS,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Halifax  county, 
N.  C.  In  1794  he  was  a  member  of  the 
North  Carolina  state  legislature;  and  for 
twenty  years  was  a  member  of  congress. 
He  died  April  10,  1837. 

ALT,  GUSTAVE  ADOLPH  F.  W.,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1851, 
in  Baden.  He  served  two  years  as  house 
surgeon  in  the  New  York  ophthalmic  and 
aural  institute;  and  In  1887  was  made  lec 
turer  on  ophthalmology  and  otology  in 
Trinity  college.  In  1879  he  published  in 
Germany,  also  in  New  York,  The  Normal 
and  Pathological  Histology  of  the  Human 
Eye;  and  in  1883  he  founded  and  edited 
the  first  ophthalmological  journal.  The 
American  Journal  of  Ophthalmology. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


ALTGELD,  JOHN  P.,  lawyer,  governor, 
was  born  in  December,  1847,  in  Germany. 
When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the 
Union  army,  and  carried  a  musket  in  the 
James  river  campaign.  At  nineteen  he 
began  to  teach  school,  and  at  twenty-one 
went  farther  west.  In  1884  he  published 
-a  small  volume  entitled  Our  Penal  Ma 
chinery  and  Its  Victims,  and  in  1890  a  vol 
ume  entitled  Live  Questions,  being  a  dis 
cussion  of  some  of  the  problems  of  the 
day.  In  1894  he  published  volume  two  of 
the  work  last  named.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Chicago 
in  1886,  and  was  for  a  time  chief  justice 
of  that  court.  After  serving  on  the  bench 
about  five  years  he  resigned  to  devote 
himself  to  private  affairs.  Meanwhile 
he  had  become  interested  in  Chicago  real 
estate,  and  built  six  of  the  finest  business 
blocks  in  Chicago,  one  of  them  a  sixteen- 
story  fire-proof  structure  called  The 
Unity,  which  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
finest  office  buildings  in  the  country.  In 
1892  he  was  elected  governor  of  the  state 
of  Illinois. 

ALVORD,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  18,  1813,  in  Rutland,  Vt. 
He  was  a  United  States  officer  who  served 
in  the  Mexican  and  civil  wars;  and  was 
the  author  of  Tangencies  of  Circles  and 
Spheres;  and  Interpretation  of  Imaginary 
Roots  in  Questions  of  Maxima  and  Min 
ima.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1884,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

ALVORD,  JAMES  C.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  He  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  the  law;  served  one 
term  in  each  branch  of  the  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  twenty-sixth 
congress,  but  died  in  the  latter  part  of 
1839,  before  taking  his  seat. 

ALVORD,  THOMAS  GOLD,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1810,  in 
Onondaga  county,  N.  Y.  He  graduated 
from  Yale  in  1828;  in  1832  was  admitted 
to  the  New  York  bar;  and  in  1844  sent  to 
the  legislature,  where  he  remained  for  ten 
consecutive  terms.  He  was  elected 
speaker  of  the  house  in  1858  and  in  1864; 
was  lieutenant-governor  in  1865-66,  and  a 
member  of  the  New  York  state  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1867-68.  He  is  the 
proprietor  of  extensive  salt  mines  in  cen 
tral  New  York. 

AMBAUEN,  ANDREW  JOSEPH,  Ro 
man  catholic  priest,  author,  was  born 
March  7.  1847,  in  Switzerland.  In  1872  he 
was  ordained  to  the 
priesthood  in  Mil 
waukee,  Wis.,  where 
for  thirteen  years  he 
worked  in  various 
pioneer  mission  sta 
tions  in  that  diocese. 
In  1886  he  was  ap- 
pointed  to  St. 
Joseph's  congrega 
tion  in  Dodgeville. 
Wis.,  where  he  has 
since  faithfully  min 
istered.  In  the  inter 
vals  of  exacting  pastoral  duties  he  has 
contributed  extensively  to  church  and 
popular  literature.  Among  his  works  are 
The  Friend  of  Youth;  Roses  of  Heaven; 
and  Guide  to  Our  Celestial  Home;  all  in 
the  German  language.  In  English  he  is 
the  author  of  The  Devoted  Companion; 
Our  Christian  Duties;  and  The  Floral 
Apostles,  or  What  the  Flowers  Say  to 
Thinking  Man.  Father  Ambauen  is  wide 
ly  popular  in  his  adopted  state,  both 
within  and  without  the  church,  as  one 
whose  earnestness  and  thorough  devotion 
to  all  causes  of  good  and  truth  are  un 
failing  and  sincere. 


AMBLER,  JACOB  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1829,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  studied  law  in  Ohio, 
and  in  1857  was 
elected  to  the  state 
legislature,  .and 
served  two  terms. 
In  1859  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the 
ninth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  the  state, 
and  served  until 
1867,  when  he  re 
sumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-first  and 
lorty-second  congresses,  serving  on  the 
committee  on  foreign  affairs.  He  still 
practices  law  in  Salem,  Ohio,  in  partner 
ship  with  his  son,  under  the  firm  name 
of  Ambler  and  Son. 

AMBLER,  WILLIAM  E.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1845 
in  Medina,  Ohio.  Since  1868  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Pentwater,  Mich.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  village,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  Neilsen  and  Company,  bankers. 
He  was  elected  senator  in  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1878;  was  re-elected  in  1880; 
and  was  president  pro  tern  of  the  senate 
during  his  last  term.  He  subsequently 
became  judge  of  probate  for  Oceana 
county. 

AMBROSE,  JAMES  W.,  civil  engineer, 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1826,  in  In 
dustry,  Maine.  He  became  a  member  of 
the  Maine  state  legislature  in  1883.  For 
eighteen  years  he  was  commissioner,  and 
is  a  successful  farmer  and  legislator. 

AMBROSE,  JOHN  L.,  organist,  singer, 
composer,  was  born  in  1844,  in  Sandwich, 
N.  H.  He  has  composed  church  music 
and  has  prepared  a  book  of  Male  Quar 
tettes  for  the  work  of  the  Masonic  lodge. 

AMERMAN,  LEMUEL,  educator,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1846, 
near  Danville,  Pa.  He  was  professor  of 
ancient  languages  and  English  literature 
in  the  state  normal  school  at  Mansfield, 
Pa.,  for  three  years;  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  and  located  in  Scranton  in  1876;  was 
county  solicitor  for  Lackawanna  county 
in  1879-80;  was  representative  in  Pennsyl 
vania  legislature,  1881-84;  was  city  comp 
troller  of  Scranton,  1885-86;  was  reporter 
of  the  decisions  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Pennsylvania,  1886-87.  He  was  largely 
interested  in  the  construction  and  opera 
tion  of  water  works;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 
He  died  Oct.  7,  1897,  in  Scranton,  Pa. 

AMES,  ADELBERT,  soldier,  governor, 
United  States  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
31,  1835,  in  Rockland,  Maine.  He  received 
a  classical  education;  entered  the  mili 
tary  academy  at  West  Point,  and  grad 
uated  in  1861.  He  was  commissioned  sec 
ond  lieutenant  of  artillery;  brevetted 
major  for  gallant  services  at  the  battle 
of  Bull  Run,  where  he  was  wounded; 
brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  for  services 
at  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill;  was  ap 
pointed  colonel  of  volunteers;  brevetted 
colonel  for  services  at  the  battle  of  Get 
tysburg;  brevetted  major-general  of  vol 
unteers  for  services  at  Fort  Fisher;  and 
again  brevetted  major-general,  United 
States  army,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
field  during  the  rebellion.  He  was  ap 
pointed  provisional  governor  of  Missis 
sippi  in  1868;  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  department  of  Mississippi  in  1869; 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
for  six  years,  taking  his  seat  in  1870.  In 
1873  he  was  elected  governor  of  Missis 
sippi. 


AMES,  CHARLES  GORDON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1828,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman 
and  pastor  of  the  church  of  the  disciples 
in  Boston.  He  is  the  author  of  George 
Eliot's  Two  Marriages;  As  Natural  as 
Life;  and  Studies  of  the  Inner  Kingdom. 
AMES,  EDWARD  RAYMOND,  edu 
cator,  bishop,  was  born  May  20,  1806,  in 
Athens,  Ohio.  He  studied  for  two  years 
at  the  Ohio  state  university,  and  in  1828 
opened  a  high  school  at  Lebanon,  111., 
which  in  time  grew  into  McKendree  col 
lege.  Here  he  remained  until  1830,  when 
he  joined  the  Indiana  methodist  episco 
pal  conference  and  became  an  itinerant 
minister,  and  in  1852  became  a  bishop. 
He  died  April  25,  1879,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
AMES,  ELEANOR  MARIA,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1830.  Under  the  pen 
name  of  Eleanor  Kirk  she  has  published 
a  number  of  books;  and  she  is  also  the 
proprietor  of  a  magazine  entitled  Eleanor 
Kirk's  Idea,  which  is  published  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of  Up  Broad 
way  and  Its  Sequel;  Information  for  Au 
thors;  and  Perpetual  Youth. 

AMES,  FANNY  B.,  industrial  reformer, 
lecturer,  was  born  June  14,  1840,  in  Can- 
andaigua,  N.  Y.  Her  first  experience  in 
practical  work  was  gained  in  military 
hospitals  during  the  war.  In  1863  she 
was  married  to  the  Rev.  Charles  G.  Ames. 
She  has  been  the  president  of  the  chil 
dren's  aid  society;  was  for  two  years  pres 
ident  of  the  new  country  club  of  Phila 
delphia;  and  in  1891  was  appointed  fac 
tory  inspector  in  Massachusetts. 

AMES,  FISHER,  orator,  statesman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  9,  1758,  in  Dedham, 
Mass.     He  graduated  from  iiarvard  uni 
versity       in       1774; 
studied   law   in  Bos 
ton,  and  commenced 
practice    in    his    na 
tive     town;      distin 
guished  himself  as  a 
member  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts      conven 
tion     for     ratifying 
the    constitution    in 
1788;   and  from  that 
body  passed  into  the 
state   legislature.  He 
was   soon    afterward 
elected     a     representative     in     congress, 
where  he  served  from  1789   to  1797,  and 
gained  great  reputation  for  his  eloquence 
and  exalted  patriotism.  He  was  devotedly 
attached  to  Washington,  and  was  the  au 
thor    of    the    Address    from    the    house 
of     representatives      to      the      president 
prior  to   his   retirement  from   office.     He 
wrote  much  for  the  papers  on  the  public 
affairs  of  America,  England,  and  France, 
and  both  as  a  writer  and  orator  attained 
a   very  prominent   position,   and   exerted 
an  extensive  influence.     In  1809  a  collec 
tion   of  his  writings,  and   his  life,   were 
published  by  Rev.  Dr.  Kirkham;   in  1854 
a    more    complete     edition     was     issued, 
edited  by  his  son.     He  died  July  4,  1808. 
AMES,     JOSEPH,    painter,    was    born 
Sept.  6,  1816,  in  Roxbury,  N.  H.    His  best- 
known   pictures  are  portraits  of   Ristori, 
Prescott,  Emerson,  Rachel,  and  President 
Felton,     of     Harvard,     and      Gazzaniga. 
Among  his  ideal  paintings  are:  Miranda; 
Night;   Morning;   The  Death  of  Webster; 
and  Maud  Muller.     He  died  Oct.  30,  1872, 
in  New  York. 

AMES,  LUCIA  TRUE,  author,  was  born 
May  5,  1856,  in  Boscawen,  N.  H.  She  is 
the  author  of  Great  Thoughts  for  Little 
Thinkers;  and  Memoirs  of  a  Millionaire, 
a  work  of  fiction.  For  many  years  she 
has  conducted  numerous  large  adult 
classes  in  Boston,  giving  studies  in  nine 
teenth  century  thought. 


40 


HKKRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


AMKS,  MARY  CLEMMER  (Mrs.  Hud 
son),  author,  was  born  in  1839  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.  She  was  intimate  with  Alice  and 
Phoebe  Cary,  whose  biographies  she 
wrote.  She  published  monographs  on 
Charles  Sumner,  Margaret  Fuller,  George 
Eliot,  Emerson,  and  Longfellow.  She 
wrote  three  novels,  Victoria;  Eirene;  and 
His  Two  Wives;  Ten  Years  in  Washing 
ton;  Outlines  of  Men,  Women  and  Things; 
and  a  volume  of  poems.  In  1883  she  mar 
ried  Edmund  Hudson,  eduor  and  proprie 
tor  of  the  Army  and  Navy  Register.  She 
died  Aug.  18,  1884,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

AMKS,  NATHAN  P.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  1803.  He  commenced  the 
cutlery  business  in  1829.  In  1834  the 
Ames  manufacturing  company  was  in 
corporated,  with  N.  P.  Ames  as  agent. 
This  company  has  supplied  the  United 
States  government  with  swords  since 
1831.  In  1840  he  visited  Europe  to  in 
spect  foreign  armories,  and  acquire  in 
formation  in  regard  to  tools,  cutlery,  and 
improvements  in  arms.  In  1836  the 
bronze  foundry  was  erected,  which  has 
become  the  most  famous  in  the  United 
States.  Since  its  erection  nearly  all  the 
brass  guns  made  for  the  American  army 
have  been  cast  at  this  establishment. 
Here  the  celebrated  statues  of  De  Witt 
Clinton,  in  Greenwood  cemetery.  Brook 
lyn;  Washington,  in  Union  square,  N.  Y., 
and  that  of  Franklin,  in  School  street, 
Boston,  were  cast.  In  1854  the  "British 
government  ordered  of  this  company  a 
complete  set  of  the  machines  for  per 
fecting  the  stock  of  the  musket.  They 
are  now  in  use  at  the  government  armory 
near  Woolwich,  England.  He  died-  April 
23,  1847,  in  Cabotville,  Mass. 

AMES,  NATHANIEL,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1708  in  Bridgewater, 
Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of  Dedham, 
Mass.,  who  published  in  1725-64,  an  As 
tronomical  Diary  and  Almanac  which  con 
tained  much  shrewd  humor  and  original 
philosophy  and  was  widely  popular.  He 
died  July  11,  1764,  in  Dedham,  Mass. 

AMES,  OAKES.  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1804,  in  Eas- 
ton,  Mass.  He  received  a  public-school 
education;  was  engaged  in  manufacturing 
and  largely  engaged  in  railroads;  and 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  executive 
council  of  Massachusetts  in  1860  and  1861. 
He  was  elected  to  the  thirty-eighth,  thir 
ty-ninth,  fortieth,  forty-first,  and  forty- 
second  congresses  as  a  republican.  He 
died  May  8,  1873,  in  North  Easton,  Mass. 

AMES,  OAKES  ANGIER,  manufacturer, 
banker,  was  born  April  15,  1829,  in  Eas 
ton,  Mass.  This  successful  manufacturer 
and  financier  is  the 
president  of  the  Oli 
ver  Ames  and  Sons 
corporation  of  North 
Easton,  Mass.,  an 
institution  which 
has  a  national  repu 
tation  as  manuiac- 
turers  of  shovels, 
spades,  and  hard 
ware  specialties.  He 
Is  president  of  the 
North  Easton  sav 
ings  bank;  vice- 
president  of  the  Easton  national  bank; 
director  of  the  Lincoln  national  bank  of 
Boston;  director  of  the  Kenily  iron  and 
machine  company  of  Canton;  director  of 
the  Washington  Mills  emery  company: 
president  of  the  Ames  security  register 
company:  and  trustee  of  the  state  lunatic 
hospital  at  Taunton.  Mr.  Ames  is  an  in 
fluential  man  In  manufacturing  and  finan 
cial  circles  in  the  New  England  states. 


AMES,  OLIVER,  soldier,  manufacturer, 
governor,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1831,  in  North 
Easton,  Mass.  Entering  early  the  great 
shovel  manufactory,  he  acquired  a  mas 
tery  of  the  business,  and  contributed  nu 
merous  inventions  to  the  processes  of  the 
manufacture.  In  1880-ol  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  senate; 
and  in  1882  lieutenant-governor  of  the 
state.  In  1886  he  was  elected  governor, 
and  re-elected  in  1887-88. 

AMES,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  6.  1806,  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at 
Phillips  Andover  academy,  and  was  grad 
uated  at  Brown  in  1823.  After  gradua 
tion  he  attended  the  law  lectures  of 
Judge  Gould  at  Litchfield,  Conn.,  and  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  bar 
in  1826.  He  served  in  the  Providence  city 
council;  was  for  many  years  in  the  state 
assembly;  and  was  elected  speaker  of  that 
body  in  1844  and  1845.  In  1853  he  was 
appointed  by  the  legislature  to  represent 
the  state  in  adjusting  the  boundary  be 
tween  Rhode  Island  and  Massachusetts. 
In  1855  he  was  one  of  the  commissioners 
to  revise  the  statutes  of  Rhode  Island,  a 
work  that  was  completed  in  1857  mainly 
under  his  supervision.  He  was  elected  chief 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  in  May, 
1856,  and  resigned  the  office  in  November. 
1865,  because  of  failing  health.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  peace  convention  in 
1861.  The  law  books  of  which  he  was  au 
thor  or  editor  are:  Agnell  and  Ames  on 
Corporations,  and  Rhode  Island  Reports, 
volumes  4  to  7.  He  died  Dec.  20,  1865,  in 
Providence,  R.  I. 

AMES,  WILL  L.,  soldier,  legislator, 
was  born  in  Petersboro,  N.  H.  He  was 
educated  at  Phillips  Exeter  academy, 
N.  H.;  enlisted  in  the  first  New  Hamp 
shire  cavalry  in  1863,  and  served  during 
the  war  under  Generals  Custer  and  Sheri 
dan.  He  resided  twelve  years  in  Seattle, 
and  served  three  years  as  city  treasurer 
of  that  city.  In  1897  he  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Washington  state  legislature. 

AMHERST,  J.  H.,  actor,  dramatist,  was 
born  in  1776  in  London,  England.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1838  as  di 
rector  of  Cook's  equestrian  company,  and 
first  acted  as  the  Castilian  in  Mazeppa  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  an  accomplished 
classical  scholar,  and  the  author  of  sev 
eral  plays,  of  which  the  following  are  the 
best  known:  Will  Watch,  or  the  Black 
Phantom:  Napoleon  Bonaparte's  Invasion 
of  Russia,  or  the  Conflagration  of  Mos 
cow;  Ireland  as  It  Was;  The  Battle  of 
Waterloo;  and  Ireland  as  It  Is.  He  died 
Aug.  12,  1851,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

AMIES.  OLIVE  POND,  educator,  lectur 
er,  was  born  in  Jordan,  N.  Y.  She  has  at 
tained  eminence  as  a  successful  teacher; 
has  given  model  lessons  at  conventions 
and  institutes;  and  for  many  years  was 
In  constant  demand  in  the  county  teach 
ers'  institutes  in  the  states  of  New  York 
and  Maine.  She  founded  the  training 
school  for  teachers  in  Lewiston,  Maine; 
has  held  state  positions  in  the  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  union  and  the 
Woman's  Suffrage  association:  and  deliv 
ers  lectures  on  different  themes  connected 
with  these  organizations.  In  1871  she 
was  married  to  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Amies,  an 
eminent  clergyman  of  the  universalist 
church. 

AMMEN.  DANIEL,  naval  officer,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  15,  1820.  in  Brown 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  chief  of  the  naval 
bureau  of  navigation  in  1870-78;  and  was 
sent  to  the  so-called  Paris  canal  congress 
in  1879.  At  the  close  of  the  civil  war  he 
designed  the  Ammen  Life  Raft,  which 


saved  the  lives  of  more  than  half  the 
crew  of  the  Kearsarge  when  she  was 
wrecked  on  a  reef.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Atlantic  During  the  Civil  War;  The 
Old  Navy  and  the  New;  Recollections  of 
Grant;  and  various  other  papers. 

AMMEN,  JACOB,  soldier,  was  born  Jan. 
7,  1808,  in  Virginia.  He  was  graduated 
at  West  Point  in  1831,  and  served  there 
as  assistant  instructor  in  mathematics, 
and  afterward  of  infantry  tactics.  He 
was  promoted  to  be  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  1862. 

AMMIDOWN,  EDWARD  HOLMES, 
merchant,  author,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1820, 
in  Southbridge,  Mass.  He  has  been  di 
rector  of  the  Importers'  and  Traders' 
bank;  the  United  States  life  insurance 
company;  and  the  Dundee  water-power 
company.  He  is  the  author  of  Historical 
Collections. 

AMORY,  ESTELLE  MENDELL,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  June  3,  1845,  in 
Ellisburgh,  N.  Y.  In  1868  she  graduated 
from  Falley  seminary,  and  has  attained 
success  in  educational  work.  Her  lit 
erary  productions  consist  mainly  of 
domestic  articles,  short  stories  for  chil 
dren,  essays  on  living  themes,  and  oc 
casional  poems. 

AMORY,  ROBERT,  physician,  author, 
was  born  May  2,  1842,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  appointed  in  1869  lecturer  at  Har 
vard  college  on  the  physiological  action 
of  drugs,  and  was  afterward  professor  of 
physiology  in  the  medical  school  at  Bow- 
doin  college,  but  resigned  this  chair  in 
1874.  He  is  a  member  of  several  socie 
ties  of  medical  science,  and  has  published 
Bromides  of  Potassium  and  Ammonium, 
and  Action  of  Nitrous  Oxide,  and  has 
contribute'd  to  periodicals  important  pa 
pers. 

AMORY,  THOMAS  COFFIN,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1812,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  the  author  of  Life  of 
James  Sullivan,  Governor  of  Massachu 
setts;  Military  Services  of  Major-Gen 
eral  John  Sullivan;  and  Life  of  Sir  Isaac 
Coffin.  He  died  Aug.  20,  1889,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

AMORY,  THOMAS  J.  C..  general,  was. 
born  about  1830  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1851,  and 
served  on  garrison  and  frontier  duty  in 
the  Utah  expedition,  and  on  recruiting 
service  until  1861,  when  he  became  colo 
nel  of  the  seventeenth  Massachusetts  vol 
unteers.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers.  He  died  Oct.  8, 
1864,  in  Newbern,  N.  C. 

AMUNDSON.  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  2,  1856,  in  Madison,  Wis.  He 
is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city,  and  is 
known  for  his  sterling  integrity,  thor 
ough  preparation,  and  distinguished  tal 
ents  as  an  advocate,  and  as  learned  in  the 
law. 

ANAGNOS,  MRS.  JULIA  ROMANA, 
author,  was  born  in  1844.  She  was  a 
daughter  of  Dr.  S.  G.  and  Julia  Ward 
Howe,  and  wife  of  M.  Anagnos,  the  su 
perintendent  of  the  Perkins  institute  for 
the  blind  in  Boston.  She  is  the  author  of 
Stray  Chords,  a  volume  of  verse;  and 
Philosophise  Questor.  She  died  in  1886. 

ANCONA,  SYDENHAM  E..  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1824,  in  Warwick, 
Pa.  Removing  to  Berks  county,  he  was 
for  several  years  connected  with  the 
Reading  railroad  company;  in  1860  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsylva 
nia  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  and  thirty- 
ninth  congresses.  He  was  one  of  the  rep 
resentatives  designated  by  the  house  to 
attend  the  funeral  of  General  Scott  In 
1866. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ANDERS,  T.  J.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
April  4,  1838,  near  Republic,  Ohio.  He  re 
moved  to  Montana,  and  later  to  Walla 
Walla,  opening  a  law  office  at  the  latter 
town  in  1871.  He  was  elected  city  at 
torney,  and  also  five  times  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  that  district.  Judge 
Anders  has  been  connected  with  much  of 
the  important  litigation  of  Washington, 
and  was  the  unanimous  choice  of  his 
brother  judges  for  the  first  chief  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Washington.  In 
1892  he  was  re-elected  for  six  years. 

ANDERSON,  ABEL,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1847,  in  Albion, 
Wis.  He  graduated  from  the  Luther  col- 

lege,     university     of 

Wisconsin,  and 
from  the  Concordia 
theological  seminary 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
During  1874-87  he 
was  pastor  of  the 
Lutheran  church  in 
Muskegon,  Mich., 
then  at  Appleton, 
Minn.;  and  since 
1888  at  Montevideo, 
Minn.  Since  the 
latter  date  he  has 

also  filled  the  chair  of  ancient  and  mod 
ern  languages  in  the  Windom  institute. 
He  was  school  inspector  for  a  senies  of 
years,  and  in  1884  was  a  delegate  from 
Michigan  to  the  republican  national  con 
vention. 

ANDERSON,  ALFRED  HORACE,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  in  1858,  in  La 
Crosse,  Wis.  Since  1895  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Peninsular  railroad. 

ANDERSON,  ALBERT  R.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1837, 
He  was  appointed  state  railroad  com 
missioner  in  1881;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress  as  an  independent  repub 
lican. 

ANDERSON,  ALEXANDER,  engraver, 
author,  was  born  April  21,  1775,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  the  first  wood-en 
graver  in  the  United  States.  He  was  the 
author  of  an  illustrated  General  History 
of  Quadrupeds.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1870,  in 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

ANDERSON,  ALEXANDER,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1794,  in  Jefferson 
county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  the  Knoxville  district,  Tennes 
see,  during  the  years  1840  and  1841,  part 
of  a  term,  and  served  as  a  member  of  the 
committee  on  the  militia.  He  died  May 
23,  1869,  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

ANDERSON,  C.  L.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  15,  1845,  in 
Noxubee  county,  Miss.  He  entered  the 
confederate  army  as 
a  private  in  the  thir 
ty  -  ninth  infantry 
regiment,  Mississip 
pi  volunteers,  March 
5,  1862,  and  served 
continuously  in  that 
command,  receiving 
promotion  through 
the  successive  grades 
o  f  non  -  commis 
sioned  officers  until 
July,  1864,  when  he 
was  transferred  to 
Bradford's  cavalry  corps  of  scouts,  with 
the  rank  of  second  lieutenant,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  entered  the  university  of  Mis 
sissippi  in  January,  1866.  where  he  re 
mained  until  the  summer  of  1867,  having 
taken  a  partial  course  in  both  the  literary 
and  law  departments.  He  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  in  the  town  of  Kosci- 


usko,  Feb.  14,  1868;  was  elected  to  the 
Mississippi  legislature  in  November,  1879, 
and  served  through  the  session  of'  1880; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-first  con 
gress.  In  1896-97  he  was  United  States 
district  attorney  of  Mississippi. 

ANDERSON,  CHARLES,  lawyer.  He 
was  acting  governor  of  Ohio  in  1865  and 
1866;  and  was  by  profession  a  lawyer. 
He  was  a  man  of  high  culture,  and  for 
many  years  was  an  influential  citizen  of 
Cincinnati. 

ANDERSON,  CHARLES  M.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  5, 
1845,  in  Juniata  county,  Pa.  He  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Ohio  in  1855;  served 
in  the  Union  army  throughout  the  civil 
war;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1868.  He  engaged  in  practice 
at  Greenville,  Ohio;  and  in  1884  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress. 

ANDERSON,  CLIFFORD,  attorney- 
general,  was  born  March  23,  1833,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  elected  judge  of  Macon 
city  court  in  1856,  and  attorney-general 
of  Georgia,  serving  in  the  last  office  ten 
years. 

ANDERSON,  DAVID,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  26, 
1825,  in  Clarendon,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to 
Michigan  in  1854,  and  settled  in  the  town 
of  Madison.  In  1865  he  removed  to  the 
town  of  Columbia,  where  he  has  held  va 
rious  offices  of  trust  in  his  township.  In 
1862  he  joined  the  nineteenth  Michigan 
infantry,  received  the  commission  of  first 
lieutenant,  and  in  the  same  year  was  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  captain.  In  1864 
he  was  commissioned  as  major,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  war  received  a  colonel's 
commission.  During  1873-74  he  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  state  senate. 

ANDERSON,  GALUSHA,  LL.  D.,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  March  7,  1832,  in  Bergen,  N.  Y.  In 
1854  he  graduated  from  the  university  of 
Rochester;  and  from  the  Rochester  theo 
logical  seminary  two  years  later.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  first  baptist  church  of  Janes- 
ville,  Wis.;  of  the  second  baptist  church 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  of  the  Strong  place 
baptist  church  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  and  of 
the  second  baptist  church  of  Chicago. 
For  eight  years  he  was  president  of  the 
university  of  Chicago;  and  for  three 
years  was  president  of  the  Denison  uni 
versity,  Ohio.  For  seven  years  he  filled  the 
chair  of  sacred  rhetoric,  church  polity 
and  pastoral  duties  in  the  Newton  theo 
logical  seminary,  Mass.;  and  now  fills 
the  same  chair  in  the  divinity  school  of 
the  university  of  Chicago.  He  was  in  St. 
Louis  during  the  civil  war,  and  preached 
the  first  loyal  sermon  in  that  city  in 
April,  1861;  and  he  was  one  of  a  band  of 
loyal  men  whb  succeeded  in  keeping 
Missouri  in  the  Union.  His  writings 
have  appeared  in  the  North  American  Re 
view  and  various  standard  works. 

ANDERSON,  GEORGE  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  11,  1853,  in 
Botetourt  county,  Va.  He  removed  with 
his  parents  to  Hancock  county,  111.,  when 
two  years  of  age;  received  a  common 
school  and  collegiate  education,  graduat 
ing  with  first  honors  in  1876.  He  began 
the  practice  of  law  in  Quincy,  111.,  in 
1880.  He  was  elected  city  attorney  of 
Quincy  in  1884.  and  re-elected  without  op 
position  in  1885,  and  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

ANDERSON,  GEORGE  B.,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1831  in  Wilmington,  N.  C.  He 
entered  West  Point,  was  graduated  in 


1852,  and  appointed  second  lieutenant  in. 
the  second  dragoons.  On  the  breaking 
out  of  the  civil  war  he  resigned  his  com 
mission  to  accept  a  brigadier-generalship, 
in  the  confederate  army.  He  died  Oct.  16 
1862,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

ANDERSON,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  22_ 
1832,  in  Jefferson  county,  Tenn.  He  grad 
uated  at  Franklin  college,  Tennessee; 
studied  and  practiced  law;  went  to  Mis 
souri  in  1853;  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  of  Missouri  in  IsoM  and  I860,, 
and  of  the  state  senate  in  1862;  was  a, 
presidential  elector  in  1860;  served  as 
colonel  of  a  regiment  of  the  reserve  corps 
from  1862  to  1864,  and  commanded  the 
forty-ninth  regiment  and  first  battalion. 
E.  M.  M.  in  active  service.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress,  and  was. 
re-elected  to  the  fortieth  congress  as  a. 
radical. 

ANDERSON,  HENRY  JAMES,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1799,  in  New- 
York.  He  was  the  author  of  Geology  of 
Lieutenant  Lynch's  Expedition  to  the 
Dead  Sea;  and  a  Geological  Reconnois- 
sance  of  Part  of  the  Holy  Land.  He  diedJ 
Oct.  19,  1875,  in  Hindostan. 

ANDERSON,  HUGH  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  May  10, 
1801,  in  Wicassel,  Maine.  He  was  clerk: 
of  the  Waldo  county  courts  from  1827  to 
1837;  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine,  from  1837  to  1841,  and  a  member 
of  the  committee  on  naval  affairs.  He 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  governor  of 
Maine  from  1844  to  1847;  a  presidential 
elector  in  1849;  and  commissioner  of 
customs  in  Washington,  from  1853  to> 
1858.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  sixth 
auditor  of  the  treasury.  He  died  May  3,. 
1881.  in  Portland,  Maine. 

ANDERSON,  ISAAC,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1803  to  1807. 

ANDERSON,  ISAAC,  clergyman,  was 
born  March  26,  1780,  in  Rock  Bridge,  Va. 
He  was  a  successful  clergyman  of  Mary- 
ville,  Tenn.,  where  the  Southwestern 
Theological  seminary  was  established! 
through  his  efforts. 

ANDERSON,  J.  P.,  congressman,  was 
born  about  1820  in  Tennessee.  He  was. 
elected  a  delegate  to  the  thirty-fourth, 
congress  from  the  territory  of  Washing 
ton.  He  died  in  1873,  in  Memphis,  Tenn. 

ANDERSON,  JAMES  HAMILTON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  May  30,  1842,  in 
Cincinnati.  Ohio.  In  1857  he  moved  with 
his  father  to  Keokuk,  Iowa;  and  three 
years  later  to  Missouri.  For  awhile  he 
was  in  a  regiment  of  the  North  East  Mis 
souri  volunteers  in  1861;  and  in  1864 
he  enlisted  in  the  forty-fifth  regiment  vol 
unteer  infantry.  He  subsequently  studied 
law  in  Keokuk.  and  since  1866  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  that  city.  He 
was  vice-president  and  manager  of  the 
Keokuk  and  Northwestern  railroad;  and 
he  built  the  original  street  railroad  in 
Keokuk,  of  which  for  several  years  he 
was  president.  He  is  president  of  the 
Keokuk  school  board;  and  takes  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city, 
county  and  state. 

ANDERSON,  JAMES  O.,  soldier,  farm 
er,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1845,  in 
Henderson  county.  111.  He  left  Mon- 
mouth  college  when  a  student  to  enlist 
in  the  twenty-eighth  regiment  Illinois  in 
fantry,  in  which  he  attained  the  rank  o" 
second  lieutenant.  He  was  sheriff  or 
Henderson  county  for  ten  years,  and  h^ 
was  elected  to  the  Illinois  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  1888,  1890,  1892,  and  i.t 
1896. 


42 


HKRR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


ANDERSON,  JAMES  PATTON,  soldier. 
was  born  in  -1820  in  Tennessee.  During 
the  civil  war  he  held  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general,  C.  S.  A.,  and  was  promoted 
major-general  In  1864.  He  died  in  1873 
in  Memphis,  Tenn. 

ANDERSON,  JAMES  W.  D.,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  poet,  was  born  March  3,  1859, 
in  Coffey  county,  Kan.  He  is  a  success 
ful  methodist  clergyman  and  lecturer  of 
Kansas.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  The  Kansas  Methodist  Pulpit;  and 
is  also  the  author  of  a  number  of  meri 
torious  poems. 

ANDERSON,  JEROA1E  A.,  surgeon,  lec 
turer,  poet,  was  born  July  25,  1849,  in 
Randolph  county,  Ind.  In  1857  he  re 
moved  to  Kansas,  and  at  the  age  of  six 
teen  was  a  member  of  the  Kansas  troops 
in  the  Price  raid  of  the  late  civil  war. 
In  1872  he  removed  to  California.  After 
graduating,  Mr.  Anderson  served  one 
year  as  surgeon  on  the  Pacific  mail  steam 
er,  and  has  practiced  medicine  continually 
since.  He  is  at  present  editing  a  de 
partment  of  Oriental  Literature  in  the 
Golden  Era  of  San  Diego,  being  also  en 
gaged  in  writing  and  lecturing  upon 
Theosophy. 

ANDERSON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Wind- 
ham,  Conn.  In  1813  he  graduated  from 
Bowdoin  college,  and 
became  a  noted  law 
yer  of  Portland, 
Maine.  In  1823  he 
served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of 
the  Maine  state  sen 
ate;  and  during 
1825-33  was  an  able 
and  useful  member 
of  congress.  During 
1833-36  he  was 
United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for 
Maine;  and  for  many  years  was  collector 
of  the  port  for  Portland.  He  was  three 
times  chosen  mayor  of  Portland,  and  dis 
charged  his  duties  with  great  ability. 
He  died  in  1853. 

ANDERSON,  JOHN  A.,  congressman, 
was  born  June  6,  1834,  in  Washington 
county,  Pa.  He  graduated  at  Miami  uni 
versity,  Ohio,  in  1853;  removed  to  Cali 
fornia;  in  1857  was  ordained  a  minister 
of  the  Presbyterian  church;  was  elected 
trustee  of  the  State  Insane  asylum  in 
1860;  was  a  chaplain  of  volunteers  in 
1862;  was  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States  sanitary  commission  from  1863  to 
1867.  and  was  president  of  the  Kansas 
State  Agricultural  college  from  1875  to 
1879.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Kansas  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth, 
and  fifty-first  congresses. 

ANDERSON,  JOHN  JACOB,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1821,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  an  educator  of  New  York  city 
who  prepared  a  number  of  historical  text 
books,  among  which  are  A  History  of 
France;  and  Common  School  History  of 
the  United  States. 

ANDERSON,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator',  was  born 
Nov.  fi,  1757,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  appointed  an  ensign  in  the  New  Jer 
sey  line  in  1775;  was  promoted  to  an 
adjutancy;  as  a  captain  fought  at  the 
battle  of  Monmouth;  also  went  in  1779 
with  Sullivan  against  the  Six  Nations; 
in  1780  was  at  Valley  Forge;  in  1781  at 
the  siege  of  York;  and  after  the  war  re 
tired  with  tho  rank  of  brevet  major.  He 
practiced  law  In  Delaware  for  seven  years. 
In  1791  was  appointed  judge  of  the  ter 
ritory  south  of  the  Ohio  river;  remained 


in  that  position  until  the  first  constitution 
of  Tennessee  was  formed,  which  he  aided 
in  forming  in  convention;  and  was  an  in 
fluential  member  of  the  United  States  sen 
ate  from  Tennessee  from  1797  to  1815. 
He  was  appointed  in  1815  first  comptroller 
of  the  treasury,  where  he  remained  until 
1836.  He  died  April  17,  1837,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

ANDERSON,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1836,  in  Scotland. 
He  has  been  pastor  of  congregational 
churches  in  Stamford,  Norwalk  and 
Waterbury,  Conn.;  at  the  latter  since 
1865.  In  1877  and  1890  he  was  moderator 
of  the  general  association  of  Connecticut, 
and  in  1878  of  the  congregational  churches 
of  the  Connecticut  general  conference. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Church  of  Mat- 
tatuck;  and  History  of  Waterbury. 

ANDERSON,  JOSEPH  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state, 
from  1843  to  1847. 

ANDERSON,  JOSEPH  W..  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1837,  in  York 
county,  Pa.  Since,  1895  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Stewartstown  railroad  of 
Pennsylvania. 

ANDERSON,  JOSEPHUS,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1829, 
in  Hanover  county,  Va.  He  is  one  of  the 
foremost  clergymen  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church  south;  and  has  held  the 
highest  offices  in  the  gift  of  that  denom 
ination.  For  the  past  ten  years  he  has 
been  editor  of  the  Florida  Christian  Ad 
vocate  of  Leesburg,  Fla. 

ANDERSON,  JOSIAH  M.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  the  third  dis 
trict  in  that  state,  from  1849  to  1852;  and 
was  delegate  to  the  peace  congress  of 
1861. 

ANDERSON,  LUCIEN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June,  1824,  in  May- 
field,  Ky.  He  received  a  good  English 
education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1852; 
served  for  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  legislature.  In  1863  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Baltimore  convention  of  1864, 
and  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  loyal 
ists'  convention  of  1866. 

ANDERSON,  MARION  T.,  soldier,  was 
born   Nov.   13,   1839,   in   Clarksburg,   Ind. 
He  served  as  a  union  soldier  during  the 
civil  war,  and  joined 
company  C,   seventh 
Indiana  volunteer  in 
fantry;     and  was   in 
the  first  battle  of  the 
war,     and     captured 
the    first    rebel    flag. 
He  was  promoted  to 
sergeant,     acting 
major    of    the    regi- 
jA          •P^'k          nient,     and    in     1862 
^L        was     commissioned 
y#-  ^Hfc    second        lieutenant. 

In    1863   he   received 

his  commission  as  captain,  and  as  such 
was  severely  wounded  on  Dec.  31  of  that 
year.  For  seven  months  he  was  an  in 
mate  of  Libby  prison;  was  one  of  the 
nty-flve  officers  who  drew  lots  for 
i heir  lives  to  afford  two  victims  to  be 
hanged  the  following  morning  in  retalia 
tion  for  some  executions  of  rebel  spies 
made  by  Gen.  Burnside  In  Kentucky;  and 
on  Dec.  11  made  his  successful  escape 
from  that  prison. 

ANDKK..  .»<(,  MARY,  actress,  was  born 
July  28,  1859,  in  Sacramento,  Cal.  Her 
remarkable  beauty  and  grace  aided 
materially  In  making  her  a  social  as 


well  as  a  dramatic  success.  In  1890  she 
married  Mr.  Navarro  of  New  York,  and 
retired  from  the  stage. 

ANDERSON,  MELVILLE  BEST,  edu 
cator,  translator,  and  critic,  was  born 
March  28,  1851,  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.  He 
is  a  professor  of  English  literature  in 
Stanford  university,  California.  He  is  the 
translator  of  Victor  Hugo's  William 
Shakespeare,  and  several  other  works,  in 
cluding  Paul  and  Virginia.  He  is  noted 
as  a  literary  critic,  and  for  many  years 
has  been  a  contributor  to  The  Dial. 

ANDERSON,  NORTON  BROCK,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1843,  in 
Todd  county,  Ky.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Paducah  college,  Kentucky, 
Bethel  college  of  Russellville,  Ky. ;  and 
at  Harvard  university.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Plane 
City,  Mo.,  and  in  1870  was  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  his  county.  During 
1889-93  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Missouri  state  senate.  He  was  one  of 
the  revisers  of  the  Missouri  general  stat 
utes;  and  has  contributed  extensively  to 
law  literature. 

ANDERSON,  OPHi^iA  BivOWN,  ac 
tress,  was  born  July  24,  1813,  in  Boston. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Mrs.  Pelby,  an 
actress,  and  appeared  on  the  stage  in 
Boston,  when  two  years  old,  as  Cora's 
child  in  Pizarro.  She  became  a  favorite 
with  the  American  public,  and  was  the 
chief  attraction  in  the  Tremont  and  Na 
tional  theaters,  of  which  successively  her 
father  was  the  manager.  She  died  Jan. 
27,  1852,  in  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass. 

ANDERSON,  OSCAR  DAVID,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1854,  in  James 
town,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  success  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.;  has 
been  justice  of  the  peace;  judge  of  pro 
bate  court;  court  commissioner;  and  has 
filled  various  other  public  positions  of 
trust. 

ANDERSON,  OTTO  LEANDER,  farmer, 
lecturer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  27, 
1849,  in  Sweden.  He  is  a  successful 
farmer  of  Rockerville,  S.  D.;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  fifth  session  of  the  South 
Dakota  legislature;  and  a  successful  al 
liance  lecturer  and  organizer  of  the 
people's  party. 

ANDERSON,  RASMUS  BJORN,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  12,  1846,  in  Albion,  Wis. 
In  1866  he  became  professor  of  Greek  and 
modern  languages  in 
Albion  academy, 
near  his  home.  In 
1869  he  became  in 
structor  in  languages 
in  the  university  of 
Wisconsin,  and  in 
1875-83  filled  th« 
chair  of  Scandinav 
ian  languages  and 
literature  in  that  in 
stitution,  where  he 
also  founded  a  Scan 
dinavian  library.  He 
has  been  a  prolific  writer,  and  has  contrib 
uted  to  Johnson's  Universal  Cyclopeuia; 
McClintock  and  Strong's  Cyclopedia,  The 
American  Supplement  of  the  Encyclopedia 
Britannica;  and  to  the  last  edition  of 
Chambers'  Encyclopedia.  He  has  lec 
tured  extensively  on  the  subject  of  Norse 
literature  and  mythology.  During  1885- 
89  he  was  United  States  minister  to  Den 
mark.  As  an  author  of  books  he  has 
won  an  enviable  reputation,  his  principal 
works  being  Norse  Mythology;  America 
Not  Discovered  by  Columbus;  Echoes 
from  Mist-Land;  History  of  the  Litera 
ture  of  the  Scandinavian  North:  Viking 
Tales  of  the  North:  The  Younger  Edda; 
The  Elder  Edda:  and  various  other  worKS. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OK     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY 


43 


ANDERSON,  RICHARD  CLOuGH,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1750,  in  Hanover, 
Va.  As  captain  in  the  fifth  Virginia  con 
tinentals,  he  led  the  advance  of  me  Amer 
icans  at  the  battle  of  Trenton  (Dec.  24, 
1776),  crossing  the  Delaware  river  in  the 
first  boat,  and  driving  in  the  Hessian  out 
posts  several  hours  before  the  main  at 
tack  was  delivered.  He  was  at  the  battles 
of  Brandywine  and  Germantown,  and  was 
a  daring  leader  wherever  dash  and  reso 
lution  were  needed.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1826, 
in  Louisville,  Ky. 

ANDERSON,  RICHARD  C-LOUGH,  JR., 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  14, 
1788,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  He  practiced  with 
success  at  the  Kentucky  bar,  and,  after 
sitting  in  the  legislature,  was  elected  to 
congress  in  1817  and  again  the  following 
term.  In  1822  he  was  again  returned  to 
the  legislature,  and  was  chosen  speaker. 
He  was  appointed  minister  to  Columoia 
in  1823  and  in  1826,  when,  proceeding  to 
the  Panama  congress  as  envoy  extra 
ordinary,  he  died  on  the  journey.  He  died 
July  24,  1826. 

ANDERSON,  RICHARD  H.,  soldier, 
was  born  Oct.  7,  1821,  in  Slatesburg,  S.  C. 
He  was  made  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
confederate  army,  promoted  to  lieutenant- 
general  in  1864,  and  in  the  Wilderness 
campaign  had  several  important  com 
mands.  He  died  June  26,  1879,  in  Beau 
fort,  S.  C. 

ANDERSON,  ROBERT,  soldier,  was 
born  June  14,  1805,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  In 
1825  he  graduated  from  West  Point,  ami 

„ .  was  assigned  to  the 

third  artillery  as 
second  lieutenant.  In 
the  Black  Hawk  war 
of  1832  he  was  col 
onel  of  a  company 
of  Illinois  volun 
teers.  He  took  part 
in  the  Seminole  and 
Mexican  wars;  and 
in  1857  was  appoint 
ed  major  of  the  first 
artillery.  He  was 
commander  of  Fort 
Sumter  when  it  was  forced  to  surrender. 
He  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen 
eral,  and  subsequently  was  brevetted 
major-general.  He  was  one  of  the  found 
ers  of  the  Soldier's  Home  in  Washington. 
He  died  Oct.  27,  1871,  in  Nice,  France. 

ANDERSON,  ROBERT  HOUSTON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1835,  in  Savannah, 
Ga.  He  entered  the  confederate  army  in 
1861  and  rose  by  successive  advancements 
to  brigadier-general  in  1864. 

ANDERSON,  ROBERT  L.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1856,  in  May- 
field,  Ky.  He  is  president  of  the  Live 
Oak  and  Gulf  railroad  at  Ocala,  Fla. 

ANDERSON,    RUFUS,    missionary,    au 
thor,   was   born   Aug.    17,   1796,   in   North 
Yarmouth,    Maine.      He    graduated    from 
Bowdoin  in  1818,  and 
subsequently    gradu 
ated    from    the    An- 
dover  seminary.     He 
devised     the     Chris 
tian  Almanac,  which 
is     etill      continued 
under  the  title  of  the 
-v_^y          I    Family  Christian  Al- 
jif  I    manac,  which  has  a 

^ •••$*•.  i^^  ?    circulation  of  nearly 

B  ••    half  a  million  copies 

I    annually.    In  1826  he 
was    ordained    a 

clergyman;  and  has  been  a  missionary 
in  various  countries.  He  was  the  author 
of  Memoir  of  Catharine  Brown,  which  had 
a  large  circulation  both  in  America  and 


in  England.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
American  board  of  foreign  missions  in 
1824-74.  He  was  also  the  author  of  For 
eign  Missions,  Their  Relations  and 
Claims;  History  of  the  American  Board's 
Missions  in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  Tur 
key  and  India,  Peloponnesus  and  Greek 
Islands.  He  died  May  30,  1880. 

ANDREW,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1656,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  In  1707- 
19  he  was  rector  of  Yale  college.  He  died 
Jan.  24,  1738. 

ANDERSON,  bAMUEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1774,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
served  repeatedly  in  the  legislature  of 
that  state;  and  was  speaker  of  me  house 
during  two  sessions.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1827  to  1839,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  committee  on  the  boundary  line 
of  Missouri.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1850,  in 
Chester,  Pa. 


ANDERSON,  SAmoEL  GRAHAM, 
clergyman,  evangelist,  was  born  Sept.  17, 
1842,  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  In  1876  he 
was  ordained  a  clergyman  of  the  baptist 
church,  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Can 
ada,  New  York  and  Michigan,  in  which 
latter  state  he  fills  a  pastorate  in  Ish- 
peming.  He  has  been  instrumental  in 
organizing  and  building  a  number  of 
churches;  takes  a  practicable  interest  in 
all  missionary,  education  and  charitable 
enterprises;  and  has  been  very  success 
ful  as  an  evangelist. 

ANDERSON,  SAMUEL  JAMESON,  was 
born  in  December,  1824,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  In  1856  he  was  elected  attorney 
for  the  county  of  Cumberland,  and  in  1856 
was  surveyor  of  the  port,  and  held  the 
office  four  years.  In  1869  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Portland  and  Ogdens- 
burg  railroad  on  its  organization,  and  is 
now  in  that  position.  In  1878  he  was 
nominated  by  the  democratic  party  for 
congress,  but  failed  of  an  election.  For 
some  years  he  was  major-general  in  the 
state  militia. 

ANDERSON,  SIMEON  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  March  2,  1802,  in  Garrard  coun 
ty,  Ky.  He  studied  law,  and  practiced 
with  success;  and  served  frequently  in  the 
Kentucky  legislature.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  the  fifth 
congressional  district  of  Kentucky,  from 
1839  to  1841,  and  served  as  a  member  of 
the  committee  on  postoffices  and  post 
roads.  He  died  Aug.  11,  1840,  near  Lan 
caster,  Ky. 

ANDERSON,  T.  J.  soldier,  was  born  in 
1839,  in  Portage  county,  Ohio.  He  moved 
to  Kansas  in  1856;  and  in  1861  enlisted  as 
a  private  in  the  fifth  Kansas  cavalry, 
and  was  brevetted  colonel  at  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  has  been  commander  of 
his  post  at  Topeka,  and  also  served  as  de 
partment  commander. 

ANDERSON.  THOMAS,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1791,  in  Mercer 
county,  Pa.  He  graduated  in  1820  from 
the  Washington  college  of  Washington, 
Pa.  He  served  as  a  private  during  the 
war  of  1812.  In  1825  he  entered  the  minis 
try,  and  was  a  home  missionary  in  west 
ern  Pennsylvania  from  that  time  until 
1843.  He  died  Dec.  20,  1853. 

ANDERSON.  THOMAS  L.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1808,  in  Greene 
county,  Ky.  He  was  self-educated;  re 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1830,  where  he  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  at  twenty-one 
years  of  age;  and  was  elected  to  the  legis 
lature  of  that  state  in  1840.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1844,  1848,  1852, 
and  1856;  was  a  member  of  the  conven 
tion  for  remodeling  the  state  constitution 


in  1845;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses. 

ANDERSON,  THOMAS  MAC  ARTHUR, 
lawyer,  army  officer,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  21,  1836,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  He 
_  was  educated  at  the 
Mount  St.  Mary's 
college,  Maryland; 
and  graduated  from 
the  Cincinnati  law 
school;  and  subse 
quently  practiced 
law.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  as  a 
soldier  in  the  sixth 
regiment  of  the  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry. 
He  has  been  lieuten 
ant  in  the  fifth  U.  S. 
cavalry;  captain  in  the  twelfth  U.  S.  in 
fantry;  and  was  acting  field  officer  dur 
ing  the  civil  war;  major  of  the  twenty- 
first  U.  S.  infantry;  major  of  the  tenth 
U.  S.  infantry;  lieutenant-colonel  ninth 
U.  S.  infantry;  and  since  1886  has  been 
colonel  of  the  fourteenth  U.  S.  infantry. 
He  has  been  vice-president  of  the  Sons 
of  the  American  Revolution;  past  com 
mander  of  the  Loyal  Legion;  besides 
holding  various  other  positions  of  honor. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  Mono 
graphs  of  Military,  Masonic,  and  Patriotic 
subjects.  In  1898  he  accompanied  Gen. 
Merritt  to  Manila  as  a  brigadier-general. 

ANDERSON,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1763,  in  Chester 
county,  Pa.  He  served  throughout  the 
revolutionary  war  with  credit,  taking  a 
prominent  part  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown. 
After  the  war  returned  to  Delaware  coun 
ty,  Pa.;  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1809  to  1815,  and 
from  1817  to  1819;  was  afterwards  a 
judge  of  Delaware  county  court,  and  a 
customhouse  officer  at  Chester,  Pa.  He 
died  Dec.  14,  1829,  in  Chester,  Pa. 

ANDERSON,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
was  born  April  29,  1864,  in  England.  He 
was  a  local  preacher  in  the  Wesleyan 
methodist  church  in  England;  and  subse 
quently  attended  the  Drew  Theological 
seminary  of  Madison,  N.  J.  He  is  now 
one  of  the  foremost  clergymen  of  the 
south  in  the  methodist  episcopal  church, 
and  fills  a  pastorate  in  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

ANDERSON,  WILLIAM  B.,  farmer, 
general,  congressman,  was  born  April  2, 
1830,  in  Mount  Vernon,  111.  He  received  a 
common  school  education;  was  elected 
surveyor  of  Jefferson  county  in  3851;  stud 
ied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858, 
but  never  practiced,  engaging  in  agricult 
ural  pursuits,  and  is  by  occupation  a 
farmer.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives  of  Illinois 
in  1856,  and  again  in  1858;  entered  the 
union  army  in  1861  as  private,  was  suc 
cessively  elected  captain,  lieutenant-col 
onel,  and  colonel,  and  was  brevetted  brig 
adier-general.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  on  the  Seymour  and  Blair  ticket  in 
1868;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  consti 
tutional  convention  of  Illinois  in  1869; 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  of  Illinois 
Nov.  5,  1871,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  as  an 
independent  reformer. 

ANDERSON,  WILLIAM  C.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1826,  in 
Lancaster,  Ky.  He  was  educated  at  the 
college  of  Danville;  and  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law.  He  served  in  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature  in  1851  and  1853;  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1856;  and  in  1859 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
died  Dec.  23,  1861,  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 


44 


1      HERRI.XGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


ANDERSON,  WILLIAM  COLMAN,  was 
born  July  11.  1853.  near  Greeneville,  Tenn. 
He  was  raised  on  a  farm;  graduated  from 
Tusculum  college  in  1876;  read  law  at 
Newport,  Tenn..  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1878.  He  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature  from  Cocke  and  Sevier  coun 
ties  in  1880  as  a  republican;  was  chair 
man  of  the  republican  congressional  com 
mittee  for  the  first  district  for  six  years; 
was  appointed  a  principal  examiner  of 
contested  land  claims  in  the  general  land 
office  in  1889,  and  afterwards  promoted 
for  merit,  first  to  chief  of  the  contest  di 
vision,  and  then  to  chief  clerk  of  the  gen 
eral  land  office.  He  was  assistant  secre 
tary  of  the  republican  national  committee, 
with  headquarters  in  New  York,  during 
the  campaign  of  1892,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  that  campaign.  He  returned  to 
Newport  in  the  spring  of  1893  to  resume 
his  law  practice,  and  was  nominated  in 
1894  and  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

ANDERSON,  WILLIAM  J.,  lawyer,  pub 
lic  official,  was  born  May  20,  1854,  in  On 
tario.  Canada.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  the  United  States; 
has  occupied  the  positions  of  receiver  of 
public  moneys;  county  auditor,  and  mayor 
of  Grand  Forks,  N.  D.  He  takes  an  active 
part  in  public  affairs;  and  was  appointed 
a  judge  at  the  World's  Columbian  expo 
sition. 

ANDERSON,  WILLIAM  PELBY,  actor, 
manager,  was  born  March  16,  1793.  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  managed  the  Tremont; 
built  the  Warren  theater;  and  appeared 
in  London  as  Hamlet  and  Brutus. 

ANDREASEN,  MATTHIAS  N.,  clergy 
man,  orator,  temperance  advocate,  was 
born  May  2,  1871,  in  Denmark.  In  1890  he 
entered  the  Danish  Free  Church  semin 
ary  of  Chicago;  and  subsequently  gradu 
ated  from  the  Chicago  Theological  sem 
inary.  In  1893  he  was  ordained  a  clergy 
man  of  the  presbyterian  church,  and 
filled  a  pastorate  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  until 
May,  1897.  He  then  joined  the  Danish 
united  evangelical  Lutheran  church  in 
America,  and  now  fills  pastorates  in  two 
large  Lutheran  churches  in  Sioux  City 
Iowa.  He  was  the  editor  of  the  Free 
Church  Messenger,  a  religious  weekly  pub 
lished  by  the  synod  of  Minnesota;  Is  an 
ardent  temperance  advocate;  and  has 
lectured  extensively  in  that  cause. 

ANDREW,  JAMES  OSGOOD,  bishop 
was  born  May  3.  1794.  near  Washington' 
Ga.  He  entered  the  South  Carolina  con 
ference  in  1812,  was 
ordained  deacon  in 
1814,  received  full 
ordination  in  1816, 
preached  on  circuits 
in  Georgia  and 
North  Carolina,  was 
stationed  at  Savan 
nah,  Ch  a  r  1  e  s  t  o  n, 
Greensborough,  and 
Athens,  was  presid 
ing  elder  for  several 
years,  and  In  1832 
was  chosen  bishop 
r  the  general  conference  that  met  at 
Philadelphia.  In  1846  the  methodlst  epis 
copal  church,  south,  was  organized  as  an 
independent  body,  in  a  general  conference 
held  at  Petersburg.  Va.  Bishop  Andrew 
presided  as  senior  bishop  over  this  organ 
ization  until  his  death.  He  published  a 
volume  of  Miscellanies  and  a  work  on 
Family  Government.  He  died  March  1 
1871,  In  Mobile,  Ala. 

ANDREW,  JOHN  ALBION,  lawyer, 
governor,  was  born  on  May  31.  1818,  in 
Wlndham,  Maine.  In  1837  he  graduated 


from  Bowdoin  college;  and  in  1859  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
state  legislature.  In  1860  he  was  elected 
governor  of  the  state  of  Massachusetts, 
and  acquired  the  title  of  The  Great  War 
Governor.  He  was  a  member  of  the  His 
torical  societies  of  Maine  and  Massachu 
setts;  declined  various  honorable  and 
lucrative  offices,  and  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  law.  He  died  Oct.  30,  1867.  A 
statue  of  marble  in  memoriam  has  been 
placed  in  the  state  house  of  Massachusetts 
in  his  honor. 

ANDREW,  JOHN  FORRESTER,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1850. 
in  Hingham,  Mass.  He  practiced  law  in 
Boston;  served  three  terms  as  member  of 
the  state  house  of  representatives  and 
two  terms  in  the  state  senate;  and  was 
democratic  candidate  for  governor  in  1886 
and  was  defeated.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat.  He 
died  May  30,  1895,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ANDREWS,  A.  M.,  journalist,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1850,  in  Coopers- 
town,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  editor  of  several 
publications,  and  held  various  political 
offices  in  his  county  and  state;  and  has 
also  served  as  a  member  of  the  South 
Dakota  state  senate. 

ANDREWS,  ALEXANDER  BOYD,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1873,  in 
Henderson,  N.  C.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  profession  of  law  at  Raleigh, 
N.  C. ;  and  is  one  of  the  compilers  of  the 
North  Carolina  Court  Calendar  for  1895- 
97. 

ANDREWS,  ANNIE  M.,  nurse,  was  born 
In  1835  in  New  York.  During  the  preva 
lence  of  yellow  fever  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  in 
1855,  she  became  widely  known  for  her 
earnest  and  devoted  labors  among  those 
stricken  by  the  epidemic.  The  Howard 
association  subsequently  presented  her 
with  a  gold  medal  in  acknowledgment  of 
these  services. 

ANDREWS,  BYRON,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  25,  1852,  in  Argyle,  Wis. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Evans- 
ville  seminary  and  Hobart  college,  of 
Geneva,  N.  Y.  He  went  direct  from  col 
lege  to  newspaper  work;  served  as  a  re 
porter  on  the  Chicago  Daily  News;  then 
on  the  Chicago  Inter  Ocean.  In  1880  he 
accompanied  Gen.  Grant  on  a  tour  through 
the  West  Indies  and  Mexico  as  his  secre 
tary  and  as  correspondent  of  the  Chicago 
Inter  Ocean  and  New  York  Tribune.  Then 
for  four  years  he  was  the  Washington 
correspondent  of  the  Chicago  Inter  Ocean 
and  the  St.  Paul  Pioneer  Press.  In  1884 
he  became  connected  with  the  National 
Tribune  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  in 
1897  became  its  owner.  He  is  the  author 
of  Notes  on  the  Russo-Turkish  War- 
Biography  of  John  A.  Logan;  and  One 
of  the  People,  a  biography  of  President 
McKinley;  besides  various  historical  and 
controversial  pamphlets,  such  as  The 
Story  of  Cuba;  President  Monroe  and 
His  Doctrine;  and  others.  He  has  also 
filled  many  public  positions  of  trust. 

ANDREWS.  CHARLES,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1814  in  Paris 
Maine.  He  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1837.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  from  1839  to  1843, 
and  a  portion  of  the  time  speaker  of  the 
house.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maine  from  1851  to  the  time  of 
his  death.  He  died  April  30,  1852,  in  Paris 
Hill.  Maine. 

ANDREWS,  CHARLES  BARTLETT, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  jurist,  governor 
was  born  Nov.  4,  1831,  in  Sunderland] 
Mass.  He  received  a  classical  education. 


graduating  at  Amherst  college  in  1858; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1860;  and  settled  at  Litchfield,  Conn. 
He  was  a  state  senator  in  1868  and  1869; 
was  a  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1878;  was  governor  of  Connecti 
cut  from  1878  to  1880;  and  in  1882  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
Connecticut. 

ANDREWS,  CHARLES  McLEAN,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1863,  in  Weth- 
ersfield,  Conn.  He  graduated  from  Trin 
ity  college  in  1884,  and  from  the  Johns 
Hopkins  university  in  1887;  and  since 
that  time  has  been  associate  professor  of 
history  in  Bryn  Mawr  college.  He  is  the 
author  of  River  Towns  of  Connecticut; 
Old  English  Manors;  Historical  Develop 
ment  of  Modern  Europe  from  the  Con 
gress  of  Vienna  to  the  Present  Time;  and 
has  also  contributed  sundry  short  articles 
to  scientific  journals. 

ANDREWS,  CHRISTOPHER  COLUM 
BUS,  lawyer,  general,  author,  was  bora 
Oct.  27,  1829,  in  Hillsborough,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  brevet  major-general  in  the  United 
States  army,  who  was  minister  to  Sweden 
1869-77.  and  consul-general  to  Brazil  1882- 
85.  He  is  the  author  of  Minnesota  and 
Dakota;  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Rev 
enue  Laws  of  the  United  States;  Hints 
to  Company  Officers  on  Their  Military- 
Duties;  History  of  the  Campaign  of  Mo 
bile;  Digests  of  the  Opinions  of  the  At 
torneys-General  of  the  United  States;  and 
Brazil,  Its  Condition  and  Prospects. 

ANDREWS,  CONSTANT  A.,  banker, 
was  born  Feb.  25,  1844,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  president  of  The  United  States 
Savings  bank  and  The  Elkhorn  Valley- 
Coal  Land  Co.;  a  director  of  the  Second 
Avenue  Street  railroad,  and  largely  in 
fluential  in  other  directions,  where  his 
interest  and  counsel  are  demanded. 

ANDREWS.  EDMUND,  surgeon,  was 
born  April  22,  1824,  in  Putney,  Vt.  He 
has  filled  the  place  of  demonstrator  of 
anatomy  at  the  Rush  Medical  college  of 
Chicago,  and  subsequently  the  chairs  of 
the  principles  and  practice  of  surgery  and 
of  clinical  and  military  surgery  in  the 
Chicago  Medical  college,  of  which  institu 
tion  he  is  one  of  the  founders.  In  1859) 
he  became  surgeon  to  the  Mercy  hospital, 
and  during  the  civil  war  he  served  in  a 
similar  capacity  with  the  first  Illinois 
light  artillery.  He  is  president  of  the 
Illinois  state  medical  society  and  of  the 
Chicago  academy  of  sciences.  Dr.  An 
drews  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Michigan  state  medical  society,  and  is  a 
trustee  of  Northwestern  university.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  great  number  of  articles 
in  different  branches  of  surgery  which 
have  been  published  in  medical  jour 
nals  and  proceedings  of  the  socie 
ties  to  which  he  belongs.  Numerous  im 
provements  in  surgical  apparatus  and  op 
erations  have  been  made  by  him;  among; 
them  is  the  practical  demonstration  of  the 
value  of  free  incision,  digital  exploration, 
and  disinfection  of  lumbar  abscesses,  a. 
treatment  previously  forbidden. 

ANDREWS,  EDWARD  GAYER,  meth 
odlst  episcopal  bishop,  was  born  Aug.  7. 
1825,  in  New  Hartford,  N.  Y.  He  was 
graduated  in  1847  from  the  Wesleyan  uni 
versity  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  and,  enter 
ing  the  methodist  ministry  the  following 
year,  became  in  1855  a  teacher  in  Caze- 
novia,  N.  Y.,  seminary,  of  which  he  was 
chosen  president  in  1855.  In  1850  he  waa 
ordained  an  elder,  and  in  1864  became  a. 
preacher  in  the  New  York  east  conference. 
Dr.  Andrews  was  elected  a  bishop  in  1872. 
He  has  published  semi-centennial  ad 
dresses  delivered  in  1875  and  1881,  and 
other  Works. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN 


BIOGRATH  Y 


ANDREWS,  EL1SHA,  clergyman  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1768,  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  He  preached  in  various 
places  in  New  Hampshire  and  Massachu 
setts,  and  published,  besides  sermons  and 
tracts,  The  Moral  Tendencies  of  Univer- 
salism;  Review  of  Winchester's  Dia 
logues  on  Universal  Restoration;  and  a 
Vindication  of  the  Distinguishing  Senti 
ments  of  the  Baptists,  and  other  works 
He  died  Feb.  3,  1840. 

ANDREWS,  ELISHA  BENJAMIN,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
in  1844  in  New  Hampshire.  He  is  a  prom 
inent  educator  and  president  of  Brown 
university;  and  the  author  of  Institutes 
of  General  History;  Institutes  of  Econom 
ics;  Brief  Institutes  of  Our  Economical 
History;  An  Honest  Dollar;  Eternal 
Words  and  Other  Sermons;  History  of 
the  United  States;  Wealth  and  Moral 
L,aw;  and  History  of  the  Last  Quarter 
Century  in  the  United  States. 

ANDREWS,  ELIZA  FRANCIS,  educa 
tor,  botanist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  10, 
1847,  in  Washington,  Ga.  Her  father  was 
Judge  Garnett  Andrews,  an  eminent  jur 
ist,  and  the  author  of  Reminiscences  of 
an  Old  Georgia  Lawyer.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  Mere  Adventurer:  Prince  Hal; 
A  Family  Secret;  How  He  Was  Tempted; 
and  In  the  Pine  Lands  of  Georgia;  be 
sides  numerous  popular  character 
sketches,  and  several  meritorious  poems, 
the  most  notable  of  which  is  entitled 
Haunted.  She  has  lectured  on  various 
subjects;  is  a  fine  linguist,  and  probably 
the  most  accomplished  field  botanist  in 
the  south. 

ANDREWS,  ETHAN  ALLEN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  7,  1787,  in  New 
Britain,  Conn.  He  was  an  educator  who 
was  at  one  time  professor  of  ancient 
languages  in  the  university  of  North  Caro 
lina.  Besides  a  Latin-English  Dictionary, 
he  published  a  valuable  series  of  classical 
text-books.  He  died  March  4.  1858,  in 
New  Britain,  Conn. 

ANDREWS,  FRANCIS  FOOTE,  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  12,  1828,  in  East 
Haven,  Conn.  He  has  filled  numerous 
public  offices  of  trust,  and  in  1897-98  was 
a  member  of  the  Connecticut  state  legis 
lature. 

ANDREWS,  FRANK  DE  WITTE,  anti 
quarian,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1847,  in  South- 
ir.gton,  Conn.  He  settled  in  Vineland, 
N.  J.,  and  became  interested  in  antiqua 
rian  pursuits.  He  has  an  extensive  col 
lection  of  autograph  letters  and  docu 
ments,  and  a  library  of  Americana.  He 
is  the  secretary  and  librarian  of  the  Vine- 
land  Historical  and  Antiquarian  society, 
and  has  written  extensively  on  historical 
subjects  and  numismatics. 

ANDREWS,  GARNETT,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  May  15,  1837,  in  Washington,  Ga. 
He  removed  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  in 
1882,  where  he  has  since  remained,  prac 
ticing  his  profession;  and  was  elected 
mayor  of  Chattanooga  in  1891.  He  is  the 
author  of  Andrews'  Digest  of  the  Laws  of 
Mississippi. 

ANDREWS,  GEORGE  ARTHUR, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born 
May  22,  1870,  in  Springfield,  Mass.  He  at 
tended  Colby  university  and  the  Andover 
Theological  school,  and  became  instructor 
in  mathematics  in  the  English  high 
school  of  Worcester,  Mass.  He  has  pre 
pared  a  book  on  Composite  Geometrical 
TMgures. 

ANDREWS,  GEORGE  LEONARD,  sol 
dier,  educator,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1828,  in 
Bridgewater,  Mass.  In  1851  he  graduated 
from  the  United  States  Military  academy; 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war;  and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 


45 


general  and  brevet  major-general  of  the 
med  States  volunteers.  For  several 

vears  he  was  United  States  marshal  for 
e  district  of  Massachusetts;  and  was 

professor    of    modern    languages    in    the 

Lnited.  States  Military  academy. 

ANDREWS,  GEORGE  R.,  congressman 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  the  fourteenth 
congressional  district  in  that  state,  from 
io4y  to  1851. 

ANDREWS,  HENRY  FRANKLIN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  senator,  genealogist 
was  born  June  27,  1844,  in  Lovell,  Maine! 
He  served  three  years  in  the  sixteenth  in 
fantry  volunteers;  was  recorder  of  Audu- 
bon  county,  Iowa,  in  1867-68;  county 
judge  in  1868;  and  state  senator  in  1892- 
95.  He  has  practiced  law  since  1869;  and 
is  the  author  of  The  Andrews  Family; 
The  Hamilton  Family;  and  other  works. 

ANDREWS,  HENRY  T.,  artist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  June  28,  1866  in 
Tarrytown,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful 
artist  of  New  York  city.  In  1895  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  New  York  state 
assembly,  and  received  the  re-election  in 
1896,  and  again  in  1897. 

ANDREWS,  ISRAEL  WARD,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  in  1815  in 
Connecticut.  He  was  president  of  Mari 
etta  college.  His  only  published  work  of 
importance  is  a  Manual  of  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States.  He  died  in 
1888. 

ANDREWS,  JAMES  R.,  lawyer,  editor, 
was  born  Oct.  23,  1854,  in  East  Windsor, 
Conn.  In  1877  he  received  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  from  Yale  college;  and  two  years 
later  received  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  from 
the  Yale  law  school.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  profession  of  law  at  Hart 
ford,  Conn.;  has  been  special  prosecuting 
attorney;  reporter  of  judicial  decisions; 
and  is  the  editor  of  the  Connecticut  Index 
Digest. 

ANDREWS,  JANE,  author,  was  born  in 
1833  in  Massachusetts.  She  was  a  writer 
of  Newburyport,  Mass.,  whose  books  for 
children  have  long  been  deservedly  popu 
lar.  She  was  the  author  of  Seven  Little 
Sisters  Who  Live  on  the  Round  Ball  that 
Floats  in  the  Air;  The  Seven  Little  Sis 
ters  Prove  Their  Sisterhood;  The  Stories 
Mother  Nature  Told;  Ten  Boys  Who 
Lived  on  the  Road  from  Long  Ago  to 
Now;  and  Only  a  Year  and  What  It 
Brought.  She  died  in  1887. 

ANDREWS,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  4,  1746,  in  Cecil  county, 
Md.  He  taught  a  school  in  Yorktown;  be 
came  principal  of  the  Philadelphia  Epis 
copal  academy  in  1785,  and  then  professor 
of  moral  philosophy  in  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania,  of  which  institution  he  was 
vice-provost  until  December,  1810,  and 
after  that  provost  until  his  death.  He  was 
the  author  of  Elements  of  Logic.  He  died 
March  29,  1813,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ANDREWS,  JOHN  T.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1837  to  1839. 

ANDREWS,  JOSEPH,  engraver,  was 
born  Aug.  17,  1806,  in  Hingham,  Mass. 
His  best  known  engravings  made  in 
America  are  from  Stuart's  head  of  Wash 
ington  and  Rothermel's  Plymouth  Rock 
in  1620.  He  engraved  portraits  from 
paintings  by  Trumbull,  G.  P.  A.  Healy, 
and  others,  of  Oliver  Wolcott,  John  Q. 
Adams,  Zachary  Taylor,  Jared  Sparks, 
Amos  Lawrence,  and  James  Graham,  and 
several  ideal  scenes  after  representative 
American  painters.  He  died  March  9. 
1873,  in  Hingham.  Mass. 


ANDREWS,  JUDITH  WALKER,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  April  26,  1826  in 
Fryeburgh,  Maine.  Since  1863  she  'has 
resided  in  Boston,  Mass.;  was  left  a  wid 
ow  m  1869;  and  since  1876  has  been 
president  of  tne  South  Friendly  society 
In  1886  she  became  president  of  the  Wom 
an's  Auxiliary  conference;  and  in  1889 
became  president  of  the  National  Alliance 
of  Unitarian  and  Other  Liberal  Christian 
Women;  and  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  various  charitable  organizations. 

ANDREWS,  LANDAFF  W.,  lawyer 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  12  1803  in 
Fleming  county,  Ky.  He  graduated'  at 
Transylvania  university  in  1824-  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  1826 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  legis 
lature  in  1834,  and  subsequently  of  the 
senate.  In  1838  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress,  serving  from  1839  to 

Io4o. 

ANDREWS,  LOREN,  educator,  college 
president,  was' born  April  1,  1819,  in  Ash 
land  county,  Ohio.  He  filled  various  im 
portant  educational  places  until  1854 
when  he  was  elected  president  of  Kenyon 
college.  On  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war, 
in  1861,  President  Andrews  raised  a  com 
pany  in  Knox  county,  of  which  he  was 
made  captain.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1861,  in 
Gambler,  Ohio. 

ANDREWS,  LORRIN,  was  born  April 
29,  1795,  in  East  Windsor,  Conn.  He  was 
educated  at  Jefferson  college,  Pa.,  and 
Princeton  Theological  seminary;  sailed 
for  the  Hawaiian  islands  in  November, 
1827,  and  preached  at  Lahaina.  In  1831 
he  established  Lahainaluna  seminary, 
which  subsequently  became  the  Hawaiian 
university,  in  which  he  was  a  professor 
for  ten  years.  He  translated  a  part  of  the 
Bible  into  Hawaii.  In  1845  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  under  the  Hawaiian  govern 
ment,  and  was  also  secretary  of  the  privy 
council.  These  offices  he  held  for  ten 
years.  He  prepared  a  Hawaiian  diction 
ary  and  several  works  on  the  literature 
and  antiquities  of  the  Hawaiians.  He  died 
Sept.  29,  1868,  in  Honolulu,  Sandwich 
Islands. 

ANDREWS,  MARIE  LOUISE,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1849,  in  Bed 
ford,  Ind.  She  was  the  originator  of  the 
Western  Association  of  Writers,  and  for 
many  years  was  its  secretary.  She  has 
contributed  extensively  both  prose  and 
verse  to  the  leading  newspapers  and 
magazines;  and  is  an  effective  public 
speaker. 

ANDREWS,  MARY  GARARD,  univer- 
salist  minister,  was  born  March  3,  1852,  in 
Clarksburgh,  Va.  After  five  years  of  ser 
vice  in  the  free  baptist  church,  she  asso 
ciated  herself  with  the  universalist 
church,  and  has  been  eminently  success 
ful  in  her  pastorates  in  that  denomina 
tion.  She  is  well  known  as  a  temperance 
and  Grand  Army  worker;  and  for  two 
years  was  national  chaplain  of  the  Wom 
en's  Relief  Corps.  In  1888  she  was  mar 
ried  to  Mr.  I.  R.  Andrews,  a  noted  lawyer 
of  Omaha,  Neb. 

ANDREWS,  MAUDE  ANNULET,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1865.  Mrs. 
J.  K.  Ohl  is  one  of  the  most  noted  writers 
of  the  south,  and  a  successful  journalist 
and  poet. 

ANDREWS,  NEWTON  LLOYD,  college 
president,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1841,  in  Fa- 
bius,  N.  Y.  In  1865  he  became  adjunct 
professor  of  Latin  in  Colgate  university, 
and  in  1868  was  elected  professor  of  Greek 
language  and  literature,  which  position  he 
still  holds.  On  the  death  of  President 
Dodge  the  charge  of  the  college  was  com 
mitted  to  Prof.  Andrews  as  acting  presi 
dent. 


1IKKKINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY 


ANDREWS.  ROBERT  LEE.  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  born  March  1,  1867,  in 
Yellow  Hill.  N.  C.  He  is  one  of  the  most 
eminent  clergymen  of  the  missionary  bap 
tist  church,  and  an  impressive  lecturer. 
He  has  been  secretary  of  the  Farmers'  Al 
liance,  and  filled  various  other  public  po 
sitions  of  trust;  and  is  also  the  editor  and 
proprietor  of  The  Times  of  Jefferson,  N.  C. 

ANDREWS,  SAMUEL  G.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1799,  in 
Derby,  Conn.  He  received  an  academic 
education;  removed,  with  his  father,  to 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in  1816;  was  occupied 
chiefly  in  mercantile  and  manufacturing 
pursuits;  and  was  for  several  years  mayor 
of  Rochester.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  legislature  in  1831  and  1832 
from  Monroe  county,  N.  Y.;  was  post 
master  of  Rochester;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress.  He  died  in  1863  In 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 

ANDREWS,  SAMUEL  JAMES,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  21,  1817,  in 
Danbury,  Conn.  He  is  the  brother  of  I. 
W.  Andrews,  and  an  Irvingite  clergyman 
of  Hartford,  Conn.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Life  of  Our  Lord  upon  Earth;  and 
God's  Revelations  of  Himself  to  Men. 

ANDREWS,  SHERLOCK  J.(  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1801  In  Wal- 
lingford,  Conn.  He  graduated  at  Union 
college;  settled  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in 
1825,  and  practiced  law.  He  was  judge  of 
the  superior  court  of  that  state;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died  Feb.  11, 
1880,  In  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

ANDREWS,  SIDNEY,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1837.  He  was  a  Boston 
journalist;  and  the  author  of  The  Art  of 
Flying;  and  The  South  Since  the  War. 
He  died  in  1880. 

ANDREWS.  STEPHEN  PEARL,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  22,  1812,  in  Temple- 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  an  eccentric  writer  of, 
New  York  city,  the  originator  of  phono 
graphic  reporting  and  at  one  period  prom 
inent  as  an  abolitionist.  Among  his  many 
and  varied  works  are  Basic  Outline  of 
Universalogy,  In  which  he  advocated  the 
adoption  of  a  universal  language  called 
Alwato;  Discourses  in  Chinese;  Compari 
son  of  Common  Law  with  Roman,  French, 
or  Spanish  Laws  on  Entails  and  Other 
Limited  Property;  and  Love,  Marriage 
and  Divorce.  He  died  May  21,  1886,  in 
New  York  city. 

ANDREWS,  SUMNER  A.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  educator,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1844, 
in  Johnson,  Vt  For  many  years  he  was 
a  successful  merchant  of  Johnson;  was  a 
representative  in  the  Vermont  state  legis 
lature  in  1884;  has  served  as  assistant 
judge  of  his  county;  and  in  1889  was  ap 
pointed  superintendent  of  the  Vermont 
Industrial  school  of  Vergennes. 

ANDREWS,  TIMOTHY  PATRICK,  sol 
dier,  public  official,  was  born  in  1794,  in 
Ireland.  He  fought  in  the  battle  of  El 
Molino,  and  was  brevetted  a  brigadier- 
general  for  gallantry  at  Chapultepec, 
Mexico.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he 
was  reinstated  as  paymaster,  and  subse 
quently  became  paymaster  of  the  army. 
He  died  March  11,  1868,  In  Washington. 
D.  C. 

ANDREWS,  W.  H.,  merchant,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1842,  In  Youngs- 
vllle.  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  house  of  representatives;  and 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1894. 

ANDREWS,  WALLACE  C.,  president  of 
the  New  York  Steam  company.  He  was 
one  of  the  promoters  of  the  original 
Standard  Oil  Co.;  was  a  director  of  the 
company  for  a  long  period  of  years  and 


up  to  the  iormatiou  of  the  trust,  and  is  yet 
a  large  stockholder  in  the  company.  One 
of  the  most  important  of  his  enterprises 
is  The  New  York  Steam  company,  a  con 
cern  which  supplies  steam  for  heat  and 
power  by  underground  pipes  in  various 
sections  of  New  York  city,  and  has  in 
itiated  a  new  era  in  the  management  of 
office  buildings,  by  enabling  their  pro 
prietors  to  dispense  with  the  annoyances 
attending  the  production  of  steam  in  their 
own  premises.  He  is  president  of  the 
company,  and  has  managed  its  affairs 
with  signal  ability  and  success.  He  was 
lately  president  of  The  Standard  Gas 
Light  Co.  of  New  York  and  is  its  largest 
stockholder. 

ANDREWS,  WILLIAM  DRAPER,  in 
ventor,  was  born  May  23,  1818,  in  Grafton, 
Mass.  He  has  received  twenty-five 
United  States  and  nine  foreign  patents  on 
pumps,  oscillating  steam  engines,  boilers, 
friction  and  differential  power  gearing, 
siphon  gang  wells  and  attachments,  bal 
anced  valves,  safety  elevators,  and  other 
similar  inventions. 

ANDREWS,  WILLIAM  E.,  educator, 
congressman,  was  born  near  Oskaloosa, 
Iowa.  He  entered  Simpson  college,  Indi- 
anola,  Iowa,  in  1874;  was  elected  superin 
tendent  of  the  schools  of  Ringgold  coun 
ty,  Iowa,  in  1879;  graduated  from  Par 
sons  college,  Fairfield,  Iowa,  in  1885;  was 
a  member  of  the  faculty  of  Hastings 
(Neb.)  college,  1885-93;  elected  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  colleger  in  1889,  and  president 
of  the  Nebraska  State  Teachers'  associa 
tion  In  1890.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Nebraska  republican  state  central  com 
mittee,  1891-»<s;  was  private  secretary  to 
the  Hon.  Lorenzo  Crounse,  governor  of 
Nebraska,  1893-94;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

ANDREWS,  WILLIS  W.,  journalist,  was 
born  Jan.  10,  1868,  in  Portland,  Mich. 
After  receiving  his  education  he  became  a 
practical  printer,  and  is  now  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Muskegon  Publishing  com 
pany.  He  is  president  of  the  Typo 
graphical  union,  and  has  filled  various 
other  positions  of  honor. 

ANDRIDGE  ANDREW  ADELBERT, 
clergyman,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  July 
20,  1863,  in  Hillsdale,  Mich.  He  graduated 
in  1885  from  the  Chicago  Theological  sem 
inary,  and  was  ordained  the  same  year. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  Hawarden, 
Iowa;  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis. ;  Sturgeon 
Bay,  Wis.;  and  Columbia  congregational 
church,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Wisconsin  Church  History,  and 
has  contributed  extensively  to  religious 
periodicals. 

ANDROS,  EDMUND,  colonial  governor, 
was  born  Dec.  6,  1637,  in  Island  of  Guern 
sey.  He  was  a  governor  of  Connecticut, 
and  in  1688  was  made  governor  of  all  the 
English  possessions  on  the  mainland  of 
America,  and  in  1692  royal  governor  of 
Virginia.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1714. 

ANDROS,  R.  S.  S.,  public  official,  au 
thor,  was  born  In  Berkeley,  Mass.  He 
edited  several  newspapers,  was  deputy 
collector  in  Boston  for  some  years,  and 
subsequently,  as  special  agent  of  the 
treasury  department,  was  engaged  in  re 
organizing  custom  houses  in  the  south. 
He  was  the  author  of  the  Customs  Guide, 
a  codification  of  the  revenue  laws;  con 
tributed  poems  to  the  Democratic  Re 
view,  and  published  Chocoruna  and  Other 
Sketches.  He  died  In  August,  1868,  in 
lli'rki'lry.  M:i 

ANDROS,  THOMAS,  soldier,  clergyman, 
was  born  May  1,  1759,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 
He  joined  the  revolutionary  army  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  and  was  In  the  battles  of 
Long  Island  and  White  Plains.  In  1781 


he  enlisted  on  a  privateer  in  New  London, 
but  was  captured  and  confined  in  the 
Jersey  prison-ship  in  New  York.  A  few 
months  later  he  escaped,  and  on  the  resto 
ration  of  his  health  studied  theology  with 
Dr.  Benedict  in  Plainfield,  Conn.  He  was 
ordained  at  Berkeley  in  1788,  and  for 
forty-six  years  remained  in  the  ministry. 
He  died  Dec.  30,  1845,  in  Berkeley,  Mass. 

ANDRUS,  REUBEN,  college  president, 
clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1829,  in 
Watertown,  N.  J.  He  was  principal  of  the 
Central  academy  of  Springfield,  111.;  and 
president  of  a  women's  college  In  Jack 
sonville.  After  the  war  he  reorganized 
Quincy  (now  Chaddock)  college,  Illinois; 
in  1867  went  to  Indiana,  and  was  elected 
president  of  Asbury  university  in  1872. 
He  died  Jan.  17,  1887,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

ANDRUS,  WESLEY  P.,  soldier,  educa 
tor,  state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1834, 
in  Potter,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
forty-second  Illinois  volunteer  infantry, 
and  was  soon  commissioned  first  lieuten 
ant;  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  for 
meritorious  service  at  Stone  River.  He 
has  been  four  years  a  member  of  the  com 
mon  council  of  Cedar  Springs,  Mich.,  and 
has  been  its  mayor.  In  1877  he  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Mich 
igan  state  senate. 

ANDRUS,  WILLIAM  W.,  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  24,  1821,  in 
Wyoming  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
1867;  was  assessor  of  internal  revenue 
under  Grant;  and  In  1881-82  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Michigan  state  senate. 

ANGEL,  WILLIAM  G.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  Shoreham,  R.  I.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Burlington,  N.  Y.,  from  1825  to  1827,  and 
again  from  1829  to  1833. 

ANGELL,  GEORGE  T.,  philanthropist, 
author,  was  born  June  5,  1823,  in  South- 
bridge,  Mass.  He  is  the  president  of  the 
American  Humane  Education  society;  the 
Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Preven 
tion  of  Cruelty  to  Animals;  and  the 
Pre-Parent  American  Band  of  Mercy.  He 
graduated  from  Dartmouth  college  in 
1846  and  from  the  Harvard  university 
Law  school  in  1851.  He  founded  the 
Massachusetts  society  in  1868,  and  estab 
lished  a  magazine  entitled  Our  Dumb 
Animals.  Since  that  time  he  has  given 
his  time  and  energy  to  the  protection  of 
dumb  animals,  establishing  twenty  thou 
sand  branches  of  The  American  Band  of 
Mercy,  and  The  American  Humane  Educa 
tion  society,  in  behalf  of  which  he  has 
employed  missionaries  to  found  humane 
societies  in  the  south  and  west,  and  has 
caused  the  circulation  of  some  two  mil 
lion  copies  of  the  book  Black  Beauty,  and 
also  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  copies  of 
other  humane  prize  stories  and  publica 
tions. 

ANGELL,  HENRY  CLAY,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1829,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  is  a  professor  of  ophthal 
mology  in  Boston  university;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye;  How  to  Take 
Care  of  Our  Eyes;  and  Records  of  W.  M. 
Hunt. 

ANGELL,  JAMES  BURRILL,  educator, 
college  president,  diplomatist,  was  born 
Jan.  7,  1829,  in  Scituate,  R.  I.  He  gradu 
ated  from  the  Brown  university  in  1849; 
and  during  1855-60  filled  the  chair  of 
modern  languages  in  that  institution.  In 
1866  he  became  president  of  the  university 
of  Vermont;  and  since  1871  has  been 
president  of  the  university  of  Michigan. 
He  has  served  as  United  States  minister  to 
China;  and  in  1897  was  appointed  United 
States  minister  to  Turkey.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Manual  of  French  Literature;  and 
Progress  In  International  Law. 


HKRR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA 


<>K    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY 


47 


ANGELL,  JOSEPH  KINNICUT,  author, 
•was  born  April  30,  1794,  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  He  was  a  legal  writer  of  Rhode 
Island,  among  whose  works  are  Treatise 
on  the  Common  Law  of  Watercourses; 
The  Law  of  Tide  Waters;  and  The  Lim 
itation  of  Actions.  He  died  May  1,  1857, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

ANGELL,  WILLIAM  GORHAM,  invent 
or,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1811,  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  In  1838  he  became  manager  of  the 
Eagle  Screw  com 
pany,  which  subse 
quently  was  merged 
into  the  American 
Screw  company.  His 
inventive  mind  was 
fertile  in  expedients 
for  the  improvement 
of  machinery;  and 
he  was  also  a  suc 
cessful  architect  and 
builder,  and  a  good 

draughtsman.        H  e 

was  the   inventor  of 

the  famous  screw-making  machine,  which 
has  revolutionized  that  business.  He 
was  a  liberal  supporter  of  public  chari 
ties.  He  died  May  30,  1870,  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  His  son,  Edwin  Gorham  Angell, 
now  conducts  the  business. 

ANGWIN,  MATTIE  W.,  poet,  was  born 
Aug.  31,  1850,  in  Darke  county,  Ohio.  She 
is  a  writer  of  Mount  Vernon,  Mo.;  and 
her  poems  have  appeared  in  the  Toledo 
Blade  and  other  prominent  publications. 

ANSBACHER,  ADOLPH  BENEDICT, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1832,  in 
Germany.  In  1852  he  emigrated  to  New 
York  and  established  a  mercantile  house, 
which  was  one  of  the  foremost  in  that 
line  of  business. 

ANSORGE,  CHARLES,  musician,  was 
born  in  1807  in  Germany.  He  taught 
music  in  an  asylum  at  South  Boston;  and 
in  1863  became  conductor  of  several  mu 
sical  colleges  in  Chicago,  111.  He  wrote 
musical  and  political  articles  for  several 
newspapers  and  periodicals.  He  died  Oct. 
28,  1866,  in  Chicago,  111. 

ANSPACH,  FREDERICK  RINEHART, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  January, 
1815,  in  Central,  Pa.  He  was  a  lutheran 
clergyman  of  Hagerstown,  Md. ;  and  is  the 
author  of  Sons  of  the  Sires;  Sepulchres 
of  Our  Departed;  and  The  Two  Pilgrims. 
He  died  Sept.  16,  1867,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

ANTHON,  CHARLES,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  19,  1797,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  noted  classical  scholar,  for 
many  years  professor  of  ancient  lan 
guages  at  Columbia  college.  He  was  the 
author  of  some  fifty  classical  text-books, 
including  a  Classical  Dictionary.  He  died 
July  29,  1867,  in  New  York  city. 

ANTHON,  JOHN,  jurist,  author,  was 
born  May  14,  1784,  in  Detroit,  Mich.  He 
was  a  jurist  of  New  York  city,  and  the 
author  of  Essay  on  the  Study  of  Law; 
and  Analysis  of  Blackstone.  He  died 
March  5,  1863,  in  New  York  city. 

ANTHONY,  ANDREW  V  A  R  I  C  K 
STOUT,  artist,  was  born  in  1835  in  New 
York  city.  Among  his  best-known  works 
are  the  illustrations  for  Whittier's  Snow 
Bound;  Ballads  of  New  England;  and 
Mabel  Martin;  Longfellow's  Skeleton  :n 
Armor;  and  Hawthorne's  Scarlet  Letter. 
ANTHONY,  AUGUSTA,  lecturer,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  25,  1844,  in  Rockland, 
Mass.  As  a  lecturer  she  has  gained  emi 
nent  success  in  California.  Mrs.  An 
thony  is  the  author  of  several  prose  works 
and  numerous  poems  of  merit,  and  many 
of  her  poems  have  been  set  to  music. 

ANTHONY,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  nu 
mismatist,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1822,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  son  of  John  An- 


thon;  was  graduated  at  Columbia  col 
lege  in  1839,  and  from  1853  until  1883  he 
held  the  chair  of  history  and  belles- 
lettres  in  the  college  of  the  city  of  New 
York.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  collector 
of  coins,  and  owned  one  of  the  most  val 
uable  collections  ever  gathered  in  the 
United  States.  For  some  time  he  was 
president  of  the  American  numismatic 
society.  He  died  June  7,  1883,  in  New 
York  city. 

ANTHONY,  CYRUS  A.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  April  29,  1839,  in  Hack- 
ettstown,  N.  J.  He  served  four  years  in 
the  fifty-first  Illinois  infantry,  rising  from 
private  to  captain.  He  moved  to  Missouri 
in  1870;  prosecuting  attorney  of  Nodaway 
county  1875-76;  elected  to  the  thirty-first 
general  assembly;  twice  appointed  on 
committees  to  settle  with  the  state  treas 
ury;  elected  to  the  thirty-third  general 
assembly;  elected  judge  of  the  twenty- 
ninth  circuit  in  1886;  and  re-elected  in 
1892. 

ANTHONY,  DANIEL  READ,  pioneer 
journalist,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1824,  in 
South  Adams,  Mass.  He  visited  the  state 
of  Kansas  in  1854,  and  while  there  helped 
to  found  the  city  of  Lawrence.  He  lo 
cated  in  Kansas  at  Leavenworth,  and  in 
1863  was  elected  mayor  of  that  city.  He 
is  the  owner  of  the  Leavenworth  Times, 
now  one  of  the  most  extensive  newspaper 
establishments  in  the  west. 

ANTHONY,  GEORGE  CHRISTIAN, 
lawyer,  educator,  was  born  March  19, 
1820,  in  Red  Hook,  N.  Y.  He  was  the 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Anthon; 
was  graduated  at  Columbia  college  in 
1839;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  at  the  New  York  bar.  He  re 
moved  to  New  Orleans  and  there  began 
teaching,  but  returned  to  New  York  and 
was  appointed  professor  of  Greek  in  the 
university  of  the  city  of  New  York.  He 
established  the  Anthon  grammar  school 
in  1854,  and  was  its  principal  until  his 
death.  He  died  Aug.  11,  1877,  in  Yonkers, 
N.  Y. 

ANTHONY,  GEORGE  T.,  statesman. 
He  was  governor  of  Kansas  from  1877  to 
1879. 

ANTHONY,  HENRY  B.,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  April  1,  1815,  in  Cov 
entry,  Boston.  He  graduated  at  Brown 
university  in  1833; 
in  1838  he  assumed 
the  editorial  charge 
of  the  Providence 
Journal,  which  he 
retained  until  called 
to  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  senate. 
He  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Rhode  Is 
land  in  1849;  re- 
elected  in  1850;  and 
declined  a  further 
re-election;  and  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  in  1859,  and 
served  until  his  death;  was  re-elected  to 
the  senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1871. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  national  com 
mittee  appointed  to  accompany  the  re 
mains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois; 
was  one  of  the  senators  designated  by  the 
senate  to  attend  the  funeral  of  General 
Scott  in  1866;  was  also  a  delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  loyalists'  convention  of  1866. 
He  died  Sept.  2,  1884,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
ANTHONY,  JOHN  GOULD,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  May  17,  1804,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  accompanied  Agassiz  on 
the  Thayer  expedition  to  Brazil  in  1865. 
He  was  recognized  as  an  authority  on  the 
American  land  and  fresh  water  mollusca. 
He  died  Oct.  16,  1877,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 
ANTHONY,  JOSEPH  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elect 


ed  a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1833  to  1838.  He  died  Jan.  17, 
1851,  in  Williamsport,  Pa. 

ANTHONY,  PHILIP  FREDERICK,  pa 
triot,  statesman,  was  born  July  2,  1730 
He  held  several  public  offices;  was  a 
member  of  the  provincial  council  and  of 
the  general  and  state  assemblies;  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas;  and  a  colo 
nel  of  state  militia.  He  was  so  conspicu 
ous  and  ardent  a  patriot  during  the  revo 
lution  that  the  British  offered  a  reward 
for  his  head.  In  1776,  in  company  with  a 
Mr.  Potts,  at  Warwick  furnace,  he  suc 
cessfully  cast  an  eighteen-pounder,  the 
first  cannon  ever  made  in  America  He 
died  Sept.  20,  1801,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

ANTHONY,  SUSAN  BROWNELL, 
woman  suffragist,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1820, 
in  South  Adams,  Mass.  Her  father  was 
a  Quaker,  and  was  proprietor  of  a  small 
cotton  mill,  in  which  his  daughter  worked 
from  an  early  age.  Subsequently  she  at 
tended  school  in  Philadelphia,  and  taught 
school  in  the  state  of  New  York.  She 
has  participated  in  temperance  and  re 
formatory  movements.  She  is  chiefly 
known  as  an  ardent  supporter  of  the 
political  enfranchisement  of  women.  At 
one  time  she  edited  a  paper  in  New  York 
called  The  Revolution. 

ANTHONY,  WILLIAM  ARNOLD,  edu 
cator,  lecturer,  electrical  engineer,  was 
born  Nov.  17,  1835,  in  Coventry,  R.  I. 
For  fifteen  years  during  1872-87  he  was 
professor  of  physics  at  Cornell  university, 
where  he  planned  and  equipped  the  phy 
sical  laboratory  building,  and  organized' 
and  had  charge  of  the  department  of 
electrical  engineering.  He  is  now  a  con 
sulting  electrical  engineer  of  New  York 
city;  and  part  author  of  a  Text-Book  of 
Physics;  and  numerous  papers  presented 
before  technical  societies  and  in  scien 
tific  periodicals. 

ANTHONY,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1827,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1848,  and  soon  became  distin 
guished  in  its  practice.  In  1851  he 
served  as  member  of  the  state  legislature, 
and  during  the  civil  war  he  was  judge- 
advocate-general  on  Gov.  E.  D.  Morgan's 
staff.  He  died  Nov.  7,  1875,  in  New  York 
city. 

ANTONY,  EDWIN  LE  ROY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1852,  near 
Waynesboro,  Ga.  He  was  admitted  to 

practice      in      the 

courts  of  that  state 
Jan.  8,  1874,  and  at 
once  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  his  pro- 
V«t  fession;  two  years 

.    later  he  was  elected 
«^i  county    attorney    of 

\^  his  county,  the  first 

'    under    the    constitu 
tion    of    1876.   being 
^m  also     ex-ofQcio     dis- 

•4feu2l^^^HK    trict      attorney     for 
his  county;    in  1886, 

during  the  illness  of  the  regular  district 
judge,  he  filled  that  office  as  special  judge; 
in  1892,  while  an  alderman  of  his  city, 
was  nominated  and  elected,  June  14, 
1892,  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term 
he  returned  to  his  home  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  in  which  he  is 
still  engaged.  He  was,  and  still  is,  an 
ardent  supporter  and  admirer  of  Presi 
dent  Cleveland,  and  is  of  the  school 
of  politics  known  as  gold  standard  demo 
crats.  In  1876  he  was  married  to  Mis-; 
Augusta  Houghton,  a  native  Texan,  and 
a  daughter  of  Judge  Joel  A.  Houghton, 
of  Georgetown,  Tex. 


IIKKKINOSHAWS     ENC  YL'LOPEDI  A     OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


APES,  WILLIAM,  author,  was  bora 
about  1800.  He  was  an  Indian  preacher 
of  the  Pequot  tribe;  and  published  A  Son 
of  the  Forest;  Experiences  of  Five  Chris 
tian  Indians  of  the  Pequot  Tribe;  Indian 
Nullification;  and  a  Eulogy  on  King 
Philip. 

APLIN.  CHARLES  BENJAMIN,  physi 
cian,  was  born  June  17,  1869,  in  New  Ply 
mouth,  Ohio.  He  attended  the  Columbus 
Medical  college,  Ohio,  and  graduated 
therefrom  In  1892.  He  is  one  of  Kansas' 
foremost  physicians  at  Lamar. 

APPEL,  DANIEL  MITCHELL,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1854,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  attended  the  Jef 
ferson  Medical  college  of  Philadelphia. 
He  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  to 
Ihe  United  States  army  in  1876,  and  pro 
moted  to  surgeon  in  1895,  with  the  rank 
of  major. 

APPEL,  THEODORE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  30,  1823,  in  East 
man,  Pa.  From  1877  to  1886  he  was  gen 
eral  superintendent  of  home  missions  for 
the  eastern  part  of  the  reformed  church; 
and  traveled  on  business  connected  with 
that  office  through  Pennsylvania,  Mary 
land,  Virginia,  and  North  Carolina.  From 
1881  to  1886  he  edited  the  Reformed  Mis 
sionary  Herald.  He  has  published  Rec 
ollections  of  College  Life. 

APPLE,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  JR.,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Aug. 
4,  1865,  in  RImersburg,  Pa.  This  success 
ful  educator  has  filled  the  chair  of  mathe 
matics  in  several  large  institutions;  and 
since  1893  has  been  president  of  the  Wom 
an's  college  of  Frederick,  Md. 

APPLE,  THOMAS  GILMORE,  educator, 
was  born  Nov.  14,  1829,  in  Easton,  Pa. 
He  graduated  from  Marshall  college  in 
1850,  and,  entering  the  ministry,  was  a 
pastor  of  the  German  Reformed  church 
irom  1853  to  1865.  In  the  latter  year  he 
was  chosen  president  of  Mercersburg  col 
lege,  which  he  left  in  1871,  and  became 
a  professor  in  the  Lancaster  Theological 
.seminary.  In  1878  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  college. 
He  edited  for  several  years  the  Mercers- 
imrg  Review  and  the  Reformed  Quarterly 
Jteview. 

APPLEBURY,  ELIZABETH  M.,  edu 
cator,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1834,  in  Pal 
myra,  Mo.  She  graduated  from  the 
Female  seminary  of  her  native  town,  and 
soon  afterward  began  educational  work. 
She  has  contributed  extensively  to  peri 
odical  literature,  and  her  poems  have 
been  given  a  place  in  several  standard 
-works. 

APPLEGARTH,  RUFUS  W..  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  in  1845  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  was  called  to  the  bar  in  1867, 
and  has  been  counsel  In  most  of  the  lead 
ing  cases  that  have  been  tried  in  the 
•court  of  appeals;  has  also  appeared  in 
ttic  appellate  and  United  States  and  local 
courts  of  Louisiana,  Virginia,  Delaware, 
North  Carolina,  Pennsylvania,  New  York, 
and  New  Jersey.  He  was  elected  to  the 
.general  assembly  of  Maryland  in  the  fall 
of  1895. 

APPLEGARTH,  WILLIAM  F.,  educat 
or,  merchant,  legislator,  was  born  Feb. 
11,  1842,  in  Golden  Hill,  Md.  He  taught 
srhool  for  fifteen  years;  has  served  with 
•*ll;tlnction  as  a  member  of  the  Maryland 
--state  legislature;  and  is  now  a  successful 
merchant  of  his  native  city. 

APPLEGATE,  0.  C.,  soldier,  business 
man.  He  has  been  closely  identified  with 
the  growth  and  prosperity  of  southern 
•Oregon,  and  resides  in  Klamath  Falls. 

APPLETON,  DANIEL,  publisher,  the 
founder  of  the  house  of  D.  Appleton  and 
<!o.,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1785,  in 


Mass.  He  began  life  as  a  dry-goods  mer 
chant  in  his  native  town;  subsequently 
went  to  Boston,  and  in  1825  removed  to 
New  York.  Here  he  began  the  importa 
tion  of  English  books  in  conjunction  with 
the  dry-goods  business.  Mr.  Appleton 
soon  abandoned  the  dry-goods  business, 
thereafter  giving  his  attention  solely  to 
the  importation  and  sale  of  books.  He 
died  March  27,  1849,  in  New  York. 

APPLETON,  DANIEL,  publisher,  was 
born  Feb.  24,  1852, -in  New  York.  In  1879 
he  was  admitted  into  partnership  with  D. 
Appleton  and  Co.  Possessing  fine  busi 
ness  qualifications,  be  has  been  an  effi 
cient  member  of  the  firm.  Colonel  Apple- 
ton  has  long  taken  an  active  part  in  New 
York  city's  favorite  militia  regiment,  the 
seventh,  of  which,  July  18,  1889,  he  was, 
by  unanimous  vote,  promoted  from  a  cap 
taincy  to  the  colonelcy.  He  is  a  director 
of  the  American  Book  company,  and  a 
member  of  the  Union,  Century,  Aldine, 
Riding,  and  New  York  Yacht  clubs. 

APPLETON,  DANIEL  S.,  publisher, 
was  born  April  9,  1824,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  attained  success  as  one  of  the  most 
prominent  publishers  in  the  United 
States. 

APPLETON,  GEORGE  S.,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  11,  1821,  in  Andover,  Mass.  He 
is  the  author  of  Picturesque  America; 
Picturesque  Europe;  and  Picturesque  Pal 
estine.  He  died  July  7,  1878,  in  Riverdale, 
N.  Y. 

APPLETON,  JAMES,  temperance  re 
former,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1786,  in  Ips 
wich,  Mass.  When  a  young  man  he  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  his  native 
state,  and  during  the  war  with  Great 
Britain  he  served  as  a  colonel  of  Massa 
chusetts  militia;  and  after  the  close  of 
the  war  was  made  a  brigadier-general. 
During  his  subsequent  residence  at  Port 
land,  Maine,  he  was  elected  to  the  legis 
lature  in  1836-37,  but  he  returned  finally 
to  his  native  town,  where  he  died.  By 
his  speeches  and  publications  he  exercised 
great  influence  upon  public  sentiment  in 
favor  of  abolition  and  total  abstinence. 
In  his  report  to  the  Maine  legislature  in 
1837  he  was  the  first  to  expound  the  prin 
ciple  embodied  in  the  Maine  law.  He 
died  Aug.  25,  1862,  in  Ipswich,  Mass. 

APPLETON,  JAMES,  general,  was  born 
Feb.  14,  1815,  in  Ipswich,  Mass.  He  was 
an  energetic  champion  of  total  absti 
nence,  and  the  first  expounder  of  the  prin 
ciple  underlying  the  Maine  law.  He  died 
Aug.  25,  1882. 

APPLETON,  JESSE,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Nov. 
17,  1772,  in  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.  In  1792 

he    graduated    from 

Dartmouth  college; 
and  then  for  two 
years  was  an  In 
structor  in  Dov«r 
and  in  Amherst.  In 
1795  he  was  licensed 
'•»  to  preach,  and  for 

ten    years    filled     a 
pastorate   in    Hamp- 
J^^  ton.   N.    H.     In   1803 

f        ^k      i   ^k     he  filled  the  chair  r.f 
B     \         I    theology     at      Cam 
bridge;    and  in   1807 

became  president  of  Bowdoin  college.  A 
volume  of  his  addresses  has  been  pub 
lished;  and  a  selection  from  his  sermons 
and  poems  has  also  been  published  in 
two  volumes.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1819,  in 
Brunswick,  Maine. 

APPLETON,  JOHN,  jurist,  was  born  in 
1804.  He  was  a  former  chief  justice  of 
Maine;  eminent  as  a  legal  reformer;  and 
was  the  author  of  The  Rules  of  Evidence 
Stated  and  Discussed.  He  died  in  1891. 


APPLETON,  JOHN,  physician,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1809,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  In  1833  he  graduated  from  the 
Harvard  University  Medical  school,  taking 
the  Boylston  prize.  He  attained  emi 
nence  as  a  doctor  of  medicine,  lecturer, 
and  author,  and  was  a  member  and  as 
sistant  librarian  of  the  Massachusetts  His 
torical  society.  He  died  February,  1869, 
in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

APPLETON,  JOHN,  journalist,  diplo 
mat,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1815,  in  Beverly, 
Mass.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  law 
at  Portland,  Maine,  in  1837.  In  1857  he 
was  appointed  assistant  secretary  of  state, 
and  in  1860  was  appointed  United  States 
minister  to  Russia.  He  died  Aug.  22, 
1864,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

APPLETON,  JOHN  HOWARD,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1844,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  He  has  been  a  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  at  Brown  university 
since  1868.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Young  Chemist;  Qualitative  Analysis; 
Quantitative  Analysis;  and  Chemistry  of 
Non  Metals. 

APPLETON,  JOHN  JAMES,  diplomat 
ist,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1792,  in  Calais, 
France.  While  his  father  was  United 
States  consul  at  that  place  he  graduated 
at  Harvard  university  in  1813;  was  sec 
retary  of  legation  of  the  United  States  to 
Portugal  from  1819  to  1822;  to  Spain  from 
1822  to  1825;  charge  d'affaires  to  the  Two 
Sicilies  in  1825,  and  to  Sweden  in  1826. 
He  resided  in  France,  where  he  owned  a 
valuable  estate.  While  at  Stockholm  he 
negotiated  a  treaty  of  commerce.  He  died 
March  4,  1864,  in  Rennes.  France. 

APPLETON,    JOHN    W.     M.,     soldier, 

farmer,   adjutant-general    of    state,    was 

born  April  1,  1832,   in  Boston,  Mass.     He 

received    his    educa- 

*  •••     tion    ln    tne    Boston 

public  schools,  in 
the  private  schools 
o  f  Massachusetts, 
and  the  medical 
school  of  Harvard 
university.  In  1852- 
56  he  was  assistant 
librarian  of  the  Bos 
ton  public  library; 
and  was  clerk  in  the 
board  of  charities  of 
that  city.  During 
the  war,  from  1862  to  1865,  he  served  as 
a  private  soldier;  was  promoted  to  major 
of  infantry,  and  subsequently  as  com 
mander  of  battalion  of  six  batteries  of 
artillery.  In  1865  he  moved  to  West  Vir 
ginia,  and  there  joined  the  national 
guards,  In  which  he  has  served  as  captain, 
major,  colonel,  and  brigadier-general; 
and  since  1897  has  been  adjutant-general 
of  West  Virginia. 

APPLETON,  NATHAN,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1779,  In 
New  Ipswich,  N.  H.  He  became  inter 
ested  in  the  cotton  manufacture,  and  in 
1821  was  one  of  the  three  original  found 
ers  of  Lowell,  Mass.  He  was  at  different 
periods  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
Massachusetts;  from  1831  to  1833  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts;  and  was  again  elected  to  con 
gress  in  1842,  but  soon  resigned  his  seat. 
He  died  July  14,  1861,  In  Boston,  Mass. 

APPLETON,  NATHAN  DANE,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  in  1794  in  Ipswich, 
Mass.,  on  the  farm  which  was  bought  in 
1634-35  by  his  emigrant  ancestor,  Samuel 
Appleton.  He  repeatedly  represented  the 
town  in  the  legislature;  was  once  in  the 
senate  of  Maine;  and  three  times  he  was 
the  candidate  of  his  party  for  congress. 
In  the  winter  of  1857  he  was  chosen  by 
the  legislature  attorney-general  of  the 
state.  He  died  In  1861. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


APPLETON,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman, 
was  born  Dec.  9,  1693,  in  Ipswich,  Mass. 
He  was  educated  at  Harvard,  taking  his 
degree  in  1712;  studied  theology,  and  was 
ordained  Oct.  9,  1717,  succeeding  Mr.  Brat 
tle  as  congregational  minister.  From 
1717  to  1779  he  was  one  of  the  corpora 
tion  of  Harvard  university.  He  pub 
lished  sermons  and  occasional  discourses. 
He  died  Feb.  9,  1784,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

APPLETON,  SAMUEL,  merchant,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  June  22,  1766,  in 
New  Ipswich,  N.  H.  He  was  an  importer; 
established  cotton  mills  at  Waltham  and 
Lowell,  Mass.;  and  at  his  death  the  sum 
of  two  hundred  thousand  dollars  was  dis 
tributed  among  charities. 

APPLETON,  THOMAS  GOLD,  artist, 
author,  was  born  March  31,  1812,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  the  author  of  A  Sheaf 
of  Papers;  A  Nile  Journal;  Windfalls; 
Syrian  Sunshine;  Chequer- Work;  and 
Faded  Leaves,  a  volume  of  verse.  He 
died  April  17,  1884,  in  New  York. 

APPLETON,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1786,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  for 
mercantile  pursuits,  in  which  he  was  en 
gaged  extensively  and  successfully  for 
more  than  fifty  years.  He  took  a  promi 
nent  part  in  various  public  and  benevo 
lent  enterprises;  and  gave  much  attention 
to  banking  and  financial  operations.  In 
1850  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts;  was  re-elected 
in  1852;  and  was  also  elected  to  the  thir 
ty-seventh  congress.  He  died  Feb.  20, 
1862,  in  Longwood,  near  Boston,  Mass. 

APPLETON,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  pub 
lisher,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1814,  in  New 
York  city,  and  is  a  son  of  Daniel  Apple- 
ton.  In  1835  he  was  sent  to  represent  the 
house  in  London,  where  he  established 
an  agency.  In  1838  he  was  taken  into 
partnership.  At  his  father's  death,  In 
1849,  he  inherited  a  moderate  estate, 
which  he  has  since  increased  by  his  own 
energetic  prosecution  of  the  business  and 
by  active  participation  in  other  enter 
prises.  Under  his  management  the  house 
devoted  itself  entirely  to  the  sale  of  its 
own  publications,  and  has  come  to  rank 
among  the  half  dozen  leading  publishing 
houses  of  the  United  States. 

APPLETON,  WILLIAM  WORTHEN, 
publisher,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1845,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  a  son  of  William  H.  Ap- 
pleton.  In  recent  years  he  has  given 
more  of  his  time  to  the  editorial  depart 
ment  and  the  London  office.  He  Is  a  di 
rector  in  the  American  Book  company,  a 
corporation  founded  in  ls»0,  with  a  capi 
tal  of  $5,000,000;  and  is  actively  identified 
with  the  New  York  Free  library,  of  which 
he  was  one  of  the  founders,  and  has  held 
continuously  the  chairmanship  of  the  li 
brary  committee. 

APSLEY,  LEWIS  DEWART,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  29, 
1852,  in  Northumberland,  Pa.  At  the  age 
of  fifteen  he  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
and  immediately  engaged  in  active  busi 
ness  pursuits,  early  identifying  himself 
with  the  rubber  goods  trade.  He  re 
moved  to  Massachusetts  in  1877,  and  es 
tablished  himself  in  1885  as  a  manufac 
turer  of  rubber  clothing  in  Hudson.  He 
is  president  and  treasurer  of  the  Apsley 
Rubber  company;  president  of  the  Millay 
Last  company;  president  of  the  Hudson 
Board  of  Trade;  a  director  in  the  Hudson 
National  bank;  and  identified  with  many 
other  enterprises.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

APTHORP,  WILLIAM  FOSTER,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1848  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  musical  newspaper  critic  of  Bos 


ton,  and  the  author  of  Musicians  and  Mu 
sic-Lovers,  and  Other  Essays.  He  has 
translated  Zola's  Jacques  Damour. 

ARBUCKLE,  CHARLES,  coffee  import 
er,  was  born  in  1833  in  Allegheny  City,  Pa. 
His  early  years  were  passed  in  Allegheny 
City,  Pa.,  where  he  became  a  prominent 
wholesale  grocer.  In  1871  Mr.  Arbuckle, 
with  his  brother  John,  established  a  fac 
tory  for  the  preparation  of  roasted  and 
ground  coffee  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  in 
1875  transferred  all  his  interests  to  that 
city.  He  died  March  27,  1891,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

ARBUCKLE,  JOHN,  importer  and  man 
ufacturer.  He  spent  his  early  life  in  Alle 
gheny,  Pa.  In  1871  he  engaged  with  his 
brother  Charles  in  the  preparation  of 
roasted  and  ground  coffee,  their  factory 
being  located  in  Brooklyn;  and  he  is  now 
head  of  the  firm  of  Arbuckle  Brothers. 
He  is  also  a  director  in  the  Importers' 
and  Traders'  bank,  and  is  president  of  the 
Royal  Horse  association,  a  syndicate  own 
ing  ranches  in  Wyoming. 

ARBUCKLE,  JOHN  CHALMERS,  sol 
dier,  educator,  clergyman,  was  born  July 
27,  1847,  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  In  1864 
he  enlisted  in  the 
fourth  regiment, 
Iowa  volunteer  in 
fantry,  and  served  as 
a  private  soldier  till 
the  close  of  the  war. 
He  taught  school  for 
several  years,  and 
in  1874  graduated 
from  the  Ohio  Wes- 
leyan  university  of 
Delaware.  For  a 
quarter  of  a  century 
he  has  been  a  cler 
gyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church, 
his  principal  pastorates  being  in  Colum 
bus  and  Zanesville,  Ohio.  For  four  years 
he  was  presiding  elder  on  the  Gallipolis 
district,  and  is  now  presiding  elder  of  the, 
Columbus  district.  He  has  twice  been  a 
member  of  the  general  conference  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church;  and  for  two 
years  served  as  a  member  of  the  general 
missionary  board  of  that  denomination. 

ARBURY,  FREDERICK  WALTER,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1856,  in  Flint, 
Mich.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  Flint  public  schools, 
and  in  1883  graduated  from  the  university 
of  Michigan.  For  five  years -he  was  su 
perintendent  of  public  schools  of  Flint, 
Mich.;  three  years  at  Houghton;  and  four 
years  at  Battle  Creek.  Since  1895  he  has 
been  connected  with  a  Boston  publishing 
house. 

ARCHBALD,  ROBERT  WODROW,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1848,  in 
Carbondale,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  Yale 
college  in  1871;  in  1884  was  elected  addi 
tional  law  judge  of  the  forty-fifth  judicial 
district  of  Pennsylvania.  He  has  since 
been  president  judge  of  the  said  district, 
receiving  the  re-election  in  1894  for  an 
other  ten  years. 

ARCHBOLD,  JOHN  DUSTIN,  oil  re 
finer,  was  born  July  26,  1848,  in  Leesburg, 
Ohio.  In  1864  he  joined  the  rush  to  the 
Pennsylvania  oil  regions,  and  spent 
eleven  years  there  in  various  branches  of 
the  petroleum  industry.  He  rose  to 
prominence,  and  has  long  been  the  chief 
proprietor  and  president  of  the  Acme  Oil 
company.  Since  1875  he  has  been  identi 
fied  with  the  Standard  Oil  company,  and 
a  director  since  its  organization,  and  is 
now  vice-president  of  the  Standard  Oil 
company,  of  New  York.  He  is  president 
of  the  trustees  of  Syracuse  university, 
and  a  director  of  the  post-graduate  hos 
pital  and  training  school  and  St.  Christo 
pher's  home  and  orphanage. 


ARCHER,  BRANCH  T.,  Texan  revolu 
tionist,  was  born  in  1790  in  Virginia.  He 
studied  medicine  in  Philadelphia,  and 
was  for  many  years  a  physician  and  poli 
tician  in  his  native  state,  being  a  member 
of  the  legislature  several  times.  In  1831 
he  removed  to  Texas  and  became  a  prom 
inent  actor  in  the  movements  prelimi 
nary  to  the  revolution.  In  1835  he  pre 
sided  over  the  famous  consultation  held 
by  the  American  settlers,  and  with  Col. 
Stephen  Austin  and  N.  H.  Wharton 
formed  a  board  of  three  commissioners 
to  solicit  aid  from  the  United  States  in 
the  struggle  for  Texan  independence.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  first  Texan  congress 
in  1836,  and  afterward  went  to  Washing 
ton,  where  he  became  speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives  and  secretary  of  war 
from  1839  to  1842,  when  by  reason  of  ill- 
health  he  was  obliged  to  retire  to  private 
life.  He  died  Sept.  22,  1856,  in  Texas. 

ARCHER,  HENRY  HAYES,  street  rail 
way  manager,  was  born  July  1,  1860,  in 
Rokeby,  Pa.  He  is  president  of  the  Val 
ley  Railway  company,  of  Scranton,  and 
vice-president  of  the  People's  Railway 
company  of  Scranton,  and  the  system  of 
which  he  is  manager  comprises  thirty- 
eight  miles  of  road,  owned  by  seven  dif 
ferent  companies,  though  operated  by  the 
Scranton  Traction  company. 

ARCHER,  JOHN,  soldier,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  June  6,  1741,  In 
Harford  county,  Md.  At  the  commence 
ment  of  the  revolution  he  had  command 
of  a  military  company;  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature;  and  after  the  war 
practiced  his  profession.  He  was  a  pres 
idential  elector  in  1797;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1801  to  1807.  As  a  medical  man  he 
commanded  great  influence,  and  several 
discoveries  were  made  by  him  which 
have  been  adopted  by  the  profession.  He 
died  in  1810  in  Harford  county,  Md. 

ARCHER,  STEVENSON,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Harford  county, 
Md.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  college 
in  1805;  was  a  judge  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals;  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1811  to  1817, 
when  he  was  appointed  judge  in  Missis 
sippi  territory;  and  was  chosen  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  again  from  1819  to 
1821.  In  1845  he  was  appointed  chief  Jus 
tice  of  Maryland.  He  was  the  son  Of 
John  Archer.  He  died  June  5,  1848,  in 
Harford  county,  Md. 

ARCHER,  STEVENSON,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1827,  in  Har 
ford  county,  Md.  He  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  college  in  1846;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  was  a  member  of  the 
Maryland  legislature  in  1854;  in  1866  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Maryland 
to  the  fortieth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-first,  forty-second, 
and  forty-third  congresses.  His  father, 
bearing  the  same  name,  and  his  grand 
father,  John  Archer,  were  both  repre 
sentatives  in  congress  from  the  same  dis 
trict  which  he  represented. 

ARCHER,  WILLIAM  S.,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  March  5,  1789,  in  Ame 
lia  county,  Va.  He  studied  law,  and  in 
1812  was  elected  to  the  Virginia  state  leg 
islature,  where  he  served,  excepting  one 
year,  until  1819.  In  1820  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia,  where  he  remained  until  1835.  In 
1841  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate,  where  he  remained  until  1847, 
having  from  the  first  been  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  committee  on  foreign  rela 
tions  in  that  body.  He  died  March  28, 
1855,  in  Amelia  county,  Va. 


50 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA       OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ARCHIBALD,  ANDREW  WEBSTER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1851  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  of  prominence  in  Iowa;  and  the 
author  of  The  Bible  Verified. 

ARCHIBALD,  GEORGE  D.,  college 
president,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1820,  in 
Washington  county,  Pa.  From  1861-66 
was  pastor  of  the  First  presbyterian 
church  of  Madison,  Ind.;  in  1866-70  presi 
dent  of  Hanover  college;  and  from  1873- 
74  was  president  of  Wilson  Female  semi 
nary  of  Chambersburg,  Pa. 

ARENTS,  ALBERT,  metallurgist,  was 
born  March  14,  1840,  in  Germany.  After 
coming  to  the  United  States  he  was  vari 
ously  occupied  as  mining  superintendent, 
and  also  in  charge  of  metallurgical  mills 
and  smelting  works  in  Arizona,  Califor 
nia,  Colorado,  Nevada,  and  Utah.  He 
has  contributed  valuable  technical  papers 
to  the  Transactions  of  the  American  In 
stitute  of  Mining  Engineers,  and  has  in 
vented  numerous  appliances. 

AREY,  HARRIETT  ELLEN  GRANNIS, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  April  14, 
1819,  in  Cavendish,  Vt.  She  has  been  ed 
itor  of  various  publications;  was  one  of 
the  founders  and  the  first  president  of  the 
Ohio  Woman's  State  Press  association, 
which  office  she  still  holds.  For  many 
years  she  has  been  president  of  an  active 
literary  and  social  club  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  Her  principal  writings  are  House 
hold  Songs  and  Other  Poems;  and  Home 
and  School  Training. 

ARKELL,  JAMES,  manufacturer,  state 
senator,  was  born  in  England.  During 
the  civil  war  he  invented  a  machine  for 
the  manufacture  of  paper  sacks;  and  has 
erected  a  number  of  manufacturing  es 
tablishments  of  Arkell  and  Smiths  in  sev 
eral  of  the  largest  cities.  In  1883  he  was 
elected  to  the  New  York  senate,  and  be 
came  immediately  one  of  its  leading  mem 
bers. 

ARKINS,  JOHN,  soldier,  journalist, 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1842,  in  Fayette  county, 
Pa.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
the  fifth  Minnesota  infantry,  and  served 
until  1864.  In  1880  he  purchased  a  con 
trolling  interest  in  the  Denver  Rocky 
Mountain  News,  of  which  he  has  since 
been  the  manager  and  chief  editor. 

ARMHRfSTER,  SARA  DARY,  journal 
ist,  philanthropist,  was  born  Sept.  29, 
1862,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  has  been 
a  successful  business  woman;  originated 
in  Philadelphia  the  Woman's  Exchange; 
and  is  the  proprietor  of  The  Woman's 
Journal,  a  weekly  paper  devoted  to  the 
cause  of  women. 

ARMFIELD,  HYATT  JACKSON,  farm 
er,  banker,  was  born  in  High  Point, 
N.  C.,  which  has  always  been  his  home. 
He  is  a  successful  farmer;  president  of 
the  National  bank  of  High  Point;  direct 
or  of  the  Greensboro  National  bank;  and 
is  also  prominent  in  various  other  busi 
ness  enterprises. 

ARMFIELD,  ROBERT  FRANKLIN, 
soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
July  9,  1829,  in  Gullford  county,  N.  C. 
He  received  a  collegiate  education;  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  county 
attorney  from  1855  to  1861;  state  solicitor 
for  the  sixth  district  from  1863  to  1865; 
served  in  the  confederate  army  as  lieu 
tenant-colonel  during  the  war  of  the  re 
bellion;  was  president  of  the  state  senate 
and  lieutenant-governor  in  1875  and  1876; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
North  Carolina  to  the  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses. 

ARM1N,  CHARLES  E..  lawyer,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  27,  1853,  In  De  Kalb,  St. 
Lawrence  county,  N.  Y.  He  finished  his 
education  at  the  State  Normal  school  at 


Pottsdam,  N.  Y.  In  1878  he  moved  out 
west,  and  five  years  later  commenced  the 
practice  of  law;  has  become  prominent 
in  that  profession;  and  is  well  known  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Waukesha,  Wis.;  and 
for  two  years  was  district  attorney  of 
Waukesha  county.  His  writings  have  ap 
peared  in  various  publications;  and  his 
poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  stand 
ard  works. 

ARMINGTON,  JAMES  HERVEY,  sol 
dier,  consulting  engineer,  legislator,  was 
born  Aug.  10,  1827,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
In  the  civil  war  he  served  as  first  lieuten 
ant  and  quartermaster  in  the  tenth  regi 
ment,  R.  I.  Volunteers.  He  also  served 
as  lieutenant,  captain,  and  colonel  of  the 
sixth  regiment,  R.  I.  M.  Has  been  a 
member  of  the  city  council  of  Providence 
and  of  the  town  council  of  East  Provi 
dence;  and  a  state  representative  since 
May,  1896. 

ARMISTEAD,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was 
born  April  10,  1780,  in  Newmarket,  Va. 
He  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  for 
his  successful  defense  of  Fort  McHenry, 
near  Baltimore,  against  the  British  fleet, 
under  Admiral  Cochrane,  Sept.  14,  1814. 
His  steadfast  bravery  on  this  occasion  no 
doubt  saved  Baltimore  from  capture,  and 
the  citizens  presented  him  with  a  hand- 
Mine  service  of  silver,  the  centerpiece  be 
ing  in  the  form  of  a  bombshell.  He  died 
April  25,  1818,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

ARMISTEAD,  LEWIS  ADDISON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1817,  in  Newbern, 
N.  C.  He  served  in  the  Mexican  war, 
and  for  gallant  services  attained  the  rank 
of  major.  He  also  served  in  the  civil 
war;  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  died  July  3,  1863. 

ARMITAGE,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1819,  in  England. 
He  is  a  prominent  baptist  clergyman  of 
New  York  city;  and  is  the  author  of 
Jesus,  His  Self  Introspection;  Lectures 
on  Preaching;  and  History  of  the  Bap- 
'tlsts. 

ARMOR,  CHARLES  LEE,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  appointed 
from  Maryland  an  associate  judge  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Colorado. 

ARMOUR,  ANDREW  W.,  banker,  was 
born  Jan.  27,  1829,  in  Stockbridge,  N.  Y. 
In  1878  he  located  in  Kansas  City,  and  be 
came  president  of  the  Armour  Brothers 
Banking  company.  He  subsequently  be 
came  vice-president  of  the  Midland  Na 
tional  bank,  when  it  succeeded  to  the  bus 
iness  of  the  Armour  bank,  and  was  one 
of  the  directors  of  the  Armour  Packing 
company. 

ARMOUR,  HERMAN  OSSIAN,  mer 
chant,  was  born  March  2,  1837,  in  Stock- 
bridge,  N.  Y.  The  packing  business  of  the 
Armour  brothers  is  conducted  on  a  stu 
pendous  scale.  Their  abattoirs  in  Chi 
cago  are  of  immense  capacity.  Thous 
ands  of  animals  are  slaughtered  there 
every  day.  The  firm  not  only  supply  mil 
lions  of  the  people  of  the  United  States 
annually  with  fresh  meats,  through  the 
method  of  distribution  by  refrigerator 
cars,  but  they  are  the  largest  shippers  of 
cured  goods  across  the  ocean  for  the  sup 
ply  of  western  Europe.  They  give  em 
ployment  in  their  several  industries  to 
upward  of  fifteen  thousand  persons,  while 
the  auxiliary  branches  of  the  business 
attain  to  the  number  of  about  three  hun 
dred.  Herman  O.  Armour  is  now  one  of 
the  most  respected  merchants  of  New 
York  city,  and  has  identified  himself 
thoroughly  with  the  business  and  social 
life  of  the  metropolis. 

ARMOUR,  PHILIP  DANFORTH,  mer 
chant,  was  born  May  16,  1832,  at  Stock- 


bridge,  N.  Y.  Of  all  the  Armour  broth 
ers,  Philip  has  probably  attracted  to  him 
self  more  public  attention  than  any  of 
the  others  by  reason  of  his  remarkable 
personality  and  his  practical  philanthro 
py,  in  which,  however,  he  has  been  sus 
tained  by  the  liberality  of  the  other 
brothers.  The  Armour  mission,  one  of 
the  most  conspicuous  institutions  in  Chi 
cago,  has  been  developed  through  his  ac 
tivity,  originality  and  generosity  from  an 
humble  beginning  to  colossal  magnitude. 
The  youngest  brother,  Joseph,  who  died 
Jan.  5,  1881,  bequeathed  $100,000  in  his 
will  for  the  founding  of  a  mission  in  Chi 
cago,  to  be  conducted  on  certain  novel 
lines.  As  the  executor  of  the  estate, 
Philip  D.  Armour  became  peculiarly  in 
terested  in  the  carrying  out  of  the  trust 
imposed  upon  him.  The  mission  repre 
sents  the  sum  of  $3,000,000. 

ARMOUR,  SIMEON  B.,  merchant,  was 
born  Feb.  1,  1828.  He  is  the  oldest  of  the 
Armour  brothers.  In  the  development  of 
the  vast  industry  created  by  these  ener 
getic  men  he  was  an  active  participant. 
The  Kansas  City  branch  came  more  di 
rectly  under  his  supervision  and  for  many 
years  he  has  been  the  leading  commercial 
spirit  in  that  active  and  thriving  empo 
rium.  He  lacks  nothing  of  that  keen 
business  judgment  which  is  so  pre-emi 
nently  a  family  trait. 

ARMS,  MRS.  MARY  P.  S.,  poet.  She  is 
a  writer  of  Beckwith,  Cal.;  and  her  poems 
have  constantly  appeared  in  the  press 
and  in  several  standard  publications. 

ARMSBY,  JAMES  H.,  physician,  was 
born  Dec.  31,  1809,  in  Sutton,  Mass.  He 
conceived  the  idea  of  founding  a  univer 
sity  in  Albany,  raised  ten  thousand 
dollars  for  the  object,  and  deliv 
ered  in  that  city  the  first  American  course 
of  medical  lectures  illustrated  with  dis 
sections  of  the  human  body.  He  was  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  association,  and  was  also  in 
strumental  in  founding  the  Dudley  ob 
servatory.  He  died  Dec.  3,  1875,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y. 

ARMSTRONG,  ADDISON  P.,  merchant, 
was  born  April  1,  1835,  in  Clinton  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  elected  in  1870  to  the  In 
diana  state  senate,  and  held  that  position 
three  terms,  or  until  1874,  serving  also  in 
that  time  through  the  special  session  of 
1872.  He  became  a  merchant  in  Koko- 
mo,  Ind. 

ARMSTRONG,  DAVID  H.,  educator, 
public  official,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1812,  in 
Nova  Scotia.  He  received  an  academic 
education;  was  a  teacher  for  eighteen 
years;  and  in  1837  removed  to  Missouri, 
opening,  in  1838,  and  conducting  in  St. 
Louis  the  first  public  school  established 
under  the  laws  of  that  state.  In  1847  he 
was  appointed  comptroller  of  the  city  of 
St.  Louis,  and  reappointed  in  1848  and 
1849;  and  in  1854  was  appointed  postmas 
ter  of  St.  Louis.  He  was  appointed  a 
United  States  senator  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

ARMSTRONG,  DAVID  MAITLAND, 
artist,  was  born  about  1837  in  Newburg, 
N.  Y.  He  was  graduated  at  Trinity  col 
lege,  Hartford,  in  1858;  studied  law  in 
New  York;  and  practiced  that  profession 
for  a  short  time.  It  soon  became  evident 
to  him  that  his  choice  of  the  law  was  a 
mistake,  and  he  turned  his  attention  to 
art.  He  studied  in  Rome  and  Paris  under 
the  best  teachers,  and  divided  his  time 
mainly  between  Italy  and  New  York.  For 
four  years  he  was  United  States  consul 
general  for  Italy,  resident  at  Rome,  and 
was  director  of  the  American  art  depart- 
jnent  at  the  Paris  exposition  of  1878, 
when  he  received  the  decoration  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


51 


ARMSTRONG,  GEORGE  DODD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1813, 
in  Mendham,  N.  J.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Norfolk,  Va.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Summer  of  the  Pestilence- 
The  Doctrine  of  Baptisms;  The  Christian 
Doctrine  of  Slavery;  Theology  of  Chris 
tian  Experience;  The  Sacraments  of  the 
New  Testament;  and  The  Books  of  Na 
ture  and  Revelation,  a  criticism  of  the 
theory  of  evolution. 

ARMSTRONG,  GEORGE  WASHING 
TON,  business  man,  was  born  Aug.  11, 
1836,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1865  he  pur 
chased  a  local  baggage  express,  and  at 
once  organized  Armstrong's  Transfer, 
which  he  soon  raised  to  be  a  business  of 
importance  and  magnitude.  He  owns 
the  news  business  on  the  entire  Hoosac 
Tunnel  line;  and  is  a  director  of  a  num 
ber  of  business  corporations. 

ARMSTRONG,  HENRY  CLAY,  legislat 
or,  was  born  June  1,  1840,  in  Lafayette, 
Ga.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Howard  college.  During  1876-80  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Alabama  state 
senate;  in  1880-84  was  state  superintend 
ent  of  education  of  Alabama;  in  1884-85 
was  a  member  of  the  Alabama  house  of 
representatives;  and  filled  the  chair  of 
speaker  in  that  body;  and  during  1885-89 
he  served  as  consul-general  of  the  United 
States  to  Brazil.  He  has  filled  various 
high  positions  in  the  Masonic  lodge;  has 
been  grand  secretary  of  the  Masonic  grand 
bodies;  and  since  1892  has  been  recorder 
of  the  grand  commandery  of  Alabama. 

ARMSTRONG,  JAMES,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
served  as  a  colonel  in  the  successful  de 
fense  of  Fort  Moultrie,  Charleston  har 
bor,  in  the  summer  of  1776,  and  command 
ed  the  Pennsylvania  militia  in  the  defense 
of  Germantown  in  October,  1777.  He  was 
a  member  of  congress  from  1793  till  his 
death.  He  died  March  3,  1795,  in  Carlisle, 
Pa. 

ARMSTRONG,  JAMES,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1794,  in  Shelbyville, 
Ky.  He  commanded  the  East  India  squad 
ron  in  1855,  and  assisted  at  the  capture 
of  the  barrier  forts  near  Canton,  China, 
in  1857.  He  was  in  command  of  the  navy 
yard  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  when  that  state 
seceded  in  1861;  and  surrendered  without 
resistance  when  a  greatly  superior  mili 
tary  force  demanded  possession.  In  1866 
he  was  promoted  to  be  commodore.  He 
died  Aug.  27,  186S. 

ARMSTRONG,  JAMES  F.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Nov.  20,  1817,  in  New  Jersey. 
He  was  passed  midshipman  in  1838;  pro 
moted  lieutenant  in  1842;  and  was  com 
missioned  captain  in  1862.  He  died  April 
19,  1873,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

ARMSTRONG,  JOHN,  general,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
distinguished  himself  in  the  Indian  wars, 
and  was  consulted  by  the  proprietors  of 
Pennsylvania  on  all  matters  connected 
with  Indian  affairs.  In  1776  congress  pro 
moted  him  from  the  rank  of  colonel  to 
that  of  brigadier-general,  and  he  assisted 
in  the  defense  of  Fort  Moultrie,  and  in 
the  battle  of  Germantown.  In  1777  he  re 
signed  his  commission  in  consequence  of 
dissatisfaction  as  to  rank;  was  subse 
quently  elected  a  representative  to  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  serving  from 
1793  to  1795;  and  also  held  a  number 
of  other  honorable  offices.  He  died  March 
9,  1795,  in  Carlisle,  Pa. 

ARMSTRONG,  JOHN,  general,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1758, 
in  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  served  as  an  officer 
in  the  revolutionary  war.  At  the  close  of 
the  war,  in  order  to  obtain  redress  for  the 
grievances  of  the  officers  of  the  army,  he 


prepared  the  celebrated  Newburgh  Let 
ters;  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental 
congress  in  1778  and  1787,  from  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  made  secretary  of  state  and 
adjutant-general  of  the  state;  to  him  was 
intrusted  the  direction  of  the  last  Penn 
sylvania  war  against  the  Connecticut  set 
tlers  of  Wyoming.  Returning  to  New 
York,  he  was  sent  to  the  senate  of  the 
United  States,  serving  from  1800  to  1804, 
when  he  resigned.  On  the  return  of  Chan 
cellor  Livingston  from  the  French  em 
bassy,  he  was  commissioned  minister  in 
his  place,  in  1804;  and  was  also  appointed 
a  commissioner  plenipotentiary  to  Spain. 
Returning  to  his  own  country,  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  brigadier-general  in  1812;  and 
in  1813,  secretary  of  war.  He  was  the 
author  of  Notes  on  the  War  of  1812; 
Treatise  on  Gardening;  Treatise  on  Agri 
culture;  and  other  works.  He  died  April 
1,  1843,  in  Red  Hook,  N.  Y. 

ARMSTRONG,  MOSES  K.,  surveyor, 
journalist,  statesman,  was  born  Sept.  19, 
1832,  in  Milan,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Western  Reserve  college;  removed 
to  Minnesota  in  1856;  was  elected  sur 
veyor  of  United  States  lands;  on  the  ad 
mission  of  Minnesota  as  a  state,  removed 
to  Yankton,  on  the  Missouri  river;  on  the 
organization  of  Dakota,  in  1861,  was  elect 
ed  to  the  first  territorial  legislature,  and 
re-elected  in  1862  and  1863,  serving  the 
last  year  as  speaker;  was  editor  of  The 
Dakota  Union  in  1864;  was  elected  ter 
ritorial  treasurer;  appointed  clerk  of  the 
supreme  court  in  1865;  elected  to  the  ter 
ritorial  senate  in  1866;  and  chosen  presi 
dent  in  1867.  He  published  the  first  his 
tory  of  Dakota  in  1867;  acted  as  secre 
tary  to  the  Indian  peace  commission  to 
the  Sioux;  and  from  1866  to  iootf  estab 
lished  the  base-lines  for  United  States 
surveys  in  southern  Dakota,  and  the 
northern  Red  river  valley.  He  was  again 
elected  to  the  territorial  senate  in  1869; 
established  the  first  democratic  newspaper 
in  the  territory;  and  was  chosen  presi 
dent  of  the  First  National  bank  of  the 
territory  in  1872.  He  was  elected  dele 
gate  to  the  forty-second  and  forty-third 
congresses. 

ARMSTRONG,  P.  B.,  financier,  was  born 
Feb.  3,  1847,  in  Franklin  county,  Ind. 
He  holds  the  presidency  of  three  different 
fire  insurance  companies,  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  leading  clubs  of  the  metropol 
itan  districts. 

ARMSTRONG,  ROBERT,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1790  in  Tennessee.  He  command 
ed  a  company  of  Tennessee  artillery  under 
Jackson  in  the  Creek  war  of  1813-14  with 
distinguished  bravery.  He  again  distin 
guished  himself  at  the  battle  of  New  Or 
leans,  and  in  1836,  as  brigadier-general, 
commanded  the  Tennessee  mounted  vol 
unteers  at  the  battle  of  Wahoo  swamp. 
He  was  postmaster  at  Nashville  from  1829 
to  1845,  when  he  was  sent  as  consul  to 
Liverpool,  remaining  until  1852.  He  sub 
sequently  became  the  proprietor  and  ed 
itor  of  the  Washington  Union,  and  was  the 
confidential  adviser  of  Mr.  Polk  during  his 
presidency.  Gen.  Jackson  bequeathed  to 
him  his  sword.  He  died  Feb.  23,  1854,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

ARMSTRONG,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  September,  1846,  in  Green 
wich,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  South  Hartford  academy,  Fort  Ed 
ward  Collegiate  institute,  and  the  Union 
college  of  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  state  assembly 
for  two  terms,  in  1881-82  and  in  1882-83; 
and  while  a  member  of  that  body  served 
on  the  judicial  committee,  and  on  general 
laws.  He  has  attained  prominence  in  his 
state  as  an  astute  and  able  lawyer. 


ARMSTRONG,  SAMUEL  C.,  soldier  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1839,  in  Hawaii. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war,  and  in  1865 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general.  He  laid 
the  foundation  of  the  now  celebrated 
Hampton  Normal  and  Agricultural  insti 
tute;  and  has  helped  build  many  other 
institutions. 

ARMSTRONG,  SAMUEL  T.,  governor  of 
Massachusetts,  was  born  in  1784  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  bookseller  in  Boston 
and  among  other  works  published  a 
itereotype  edition  of  Scott's  Family  Bible 
which  was  widely  circulated.  He  became 
mayor  of  Boston  and  lieutenant-governor 
of  Massachusetts,  and  in  1836  the  elec 
tion  of  Governor  Davis  to  the  United 
States  senate  made  him  governor  for  the 
remainder  of  the  term.  He  died  March 
26,  1850. 

ARMSTRONG,  SARAH  B.,  educator 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  July  3l' 
1857,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  She  taught 
school  for  several  years,  and  in  1886 
took  her  first  degree  in  regular  medi 
cine,  and  has  received  the  degrees  of 
B.  A.,  M.  A.  and  M.  D.  Since  1891  she 
has  practiced  her  profession  with  suc 
cess  in  Bay  City,  Mich. 

ARMSTRONG,  WILLIAM,  lawyer  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1782,  in  Ire 
land.  He  studied  law  in  Winchester  Va  • 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  house  of 
delegates;  in  1822-23,  a  member  of  the 
board  of  public  works;  in  1820-24  was  a 
presidential  elector.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1825-33. 

ARMSTRONG,  WILLIAM  DAWSON, 
musician,  composer,  was  born  Feb.  11^ 
1868,  in  Alton,  111.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Alton  public  schools  and  at 
Shurtleff  college.  In  1889  he  was  elected 
to  a  professorship  in  Forest  Park  univer 
sity  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  and  in  1891-96  be 
came  director  of  the  Shurtleff  School  of 
Music  of  Alton,  111.  As  an  organist  and 
composer  he  has  attained  national  re 
pute. 

ARMSTRONG,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1824,  in 
Williamsport,  Pa.  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  college  in  1847;  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature  in  1860-61;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  forty-first  congress.  In  1882 
he  was  appointed  commissioner  of  rail 
roads  in  the  department  of  the  interior. 

ARNELL,  SAMUEL  M.,  educator,  manu 
facturer,  congressman,  was  born  May  3, 
1833,  in  Maury  county,  Tenn.  In  1859  he 
went  into  the  business  of  manufacturing 
leather;  in  1861  took  an  active  interest  in 
putting  down  the  rebellion,  and  suffered 
in  person  and  property  from  the  con 
federate  army.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Tennessee  legislature,  and  advocated  the 
passage  of  the  constitutional  amendment 
in  1865.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  and 
forty-first  congresses. 

ARNETT,  BENJAMIN  W.,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  horn  March  6,  1838,  in  Browns 
ville,  Pa.  He  was  chosen  bishop  in  1888, 
and  appointed  to  the  episcopal  district  of 
South  Carolina  and  Florida.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Light  Along  the  Jordan; 
and  Fifty  Years  in  the  Field. 

ARNOLD,  ALBERT  NICHOLAS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1814,  in 
Cranston,  R.  I.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man  who  held  professorships  in  several 
baptist  seminaries  successively;  and  was 
the  author  of  Pre-requisites  to  Commun 
ion;  Evils  of  Infant  Baptism;  and  One 
Woman's  Mission.  He  died  Oct.  11,  1883, 
in  Cranston,  R.  I. 


52 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ARNOLD,  ALEXANDER  C.,  educator, 
lawyer,  legislator,  railroad  president,  was 
born  Oct.  20,  1833,  at  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y. 
He  received  an  academic  education;  grad 
uated  from  the  law  school;  and  prac 
ticed  law  in  Wisconsin  until  1862.  He 
served  with  distinction  in  company  C, 
thirtieth  regiment  Wisconsin  volunteer 
infantry,  and  was  promoted  to  captain. 
He  has  been  county  suoerintendent  of 
schools;  district  attorney;  member  of 
the  state  senate  of  Wisconsin,  and  also 
of  the  assembly.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  Wisconsin  State  Agricultural  so 
ciety;  president  of  the  Galesville  and 
Mississippi  Railroad  company,  and  filled 
various  other  offices  of  honor. 

ARNOLD,  BENEDICT,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  a  member  of  the  assembly 
of  New  York  from  Amsterdam,  Mont 
gomery  county,  in  1816  and  1817;  and 
was  a  representative  In  congress  from 
that  state  from  1829  to  1831. 

ARNOLD,  BENEDICT,  governor  of 
Rhode  Island,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1615,  In 
England.  He  lived  for  some  time  in 
Providence,  and  In  1637  was  one  of  thir 
teen  who  signed  a  compact  agreeing  to 
subject  themselves  to  any  agreements 
made  by  a  majority  of  the  masters  of 
families.  In  1645  his  knowledge  of  the 
native  tongues  gained  him  the  office  of 
messenger  to  negotiate  with  the  Indians, 
and  on  one  occasion  they  accused  him  of 
misrepresentation.  In  1653  he  moved  to 
Newport,  and  in  1654  was  elected  assist 
ant  for  that  town.  In  1657  he  was  one  of 
the  purchasers  of  the  Island  of  Conariicut. 
On  May  19,  1657,  Roger  Williams  having 
retired  from  the  presidency  of  the  colony, 
Arnold  was  elected  to  the  office,  and  he 
was  again  assistant  in  1660.  On  May  2 
1662  he  was  again  elected  president,  and 
under  the  royal  charter  given  in  1663  he 
was  the  first  governor  of  the  colony.  To 
this  office  he  was  re-elected  in  May,  1664, 
and  In  1669,  1677,  and  1678.  Gov.  Arnold 
was  Instrumental  in  bringing  about  the 
reconciliation  and  union  of  the  two  col 
onies  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
plantations.  He  died  June  20,  1678. 

ARNOLD,  BENEDICT,  soldier,  was 
born  In  January,  1740,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 
He  fought  nobly  for  freedom  until  1778, 
when  his  passions  got  the  better  of  his 
judgment  and  conscience,  and  he  became 
a  traitor  and  joined  the  British  army.  He 
went  to  England  after  the  war,  and  died 
June  14.  1801,  In  London. 

ARNOLD,  GEORGE,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  June  24,  1834,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  journalist  and  poet  of  New 
York  city,  whose  verse  Is  musical  without 
being  especially  strong.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Drift  and  Other  Poems;  and 
Poems  Grave  and  Gay.  He  died  Nov.  3, 
1865,  In  Strawberry  Farm,  N.  J. 

ARNOLD,  HARRIET  EUDORA 
PRITCHARD,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  24, 
1858,  In  Killtngly,  Conn.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems 
and  sketches  which  have  appeared  in 
various  magazines  and  periodicals  under 
the  signature  of  H.  E.  P.  She  Is  the  wife 
of  Ernest  Warner  Arnold  of  Providence, 
R.  I. 

ARNOLD,  HENRY  F.,  lawyer,  educator, 
was  born  Dec.  2,  1855,  in  Newport,  Iowa. 
He  attended  the  Western  college  of  Iowa 
and  State  university  of  Iowa,  from  which 
he  graduated  In  classical  course  In  1881; 
and  from  the  law  school  of  the  same 
university  In  1884,  receiving  the  degree 
of  A.  M.  He  was  superintendent  of  city 
schools  of  Manchester,  Iowa,  and  has 
served  three  terms  as  county  attorney. 

ARNOLD,  HORACE  F.,  farmer,  state 
senator,  was  born  June  19,  1857.  He  was 


educated  at  the  Caledonia  academy  and 
the  North  Dakota  university,  and  has 
served  as  state  senator  in  four  legisla 
tures  of  North  Dakota.  He  entered 
journalistic  work  in  1890,  and  is  president 
of  the  Dakota  Lake  Chautauqua  associa 
tion. 

ARNOLD,  ISAAC  NEWTON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  30, 
1815,  in  Hartwick,  N.  J.  He  was  a  prom 
inent  Chicago  lawyer  and  politician,  and 
member  of  congress  in  1861-65.  He  was 
the  author  of  Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln; 
Life  of  Benedict  Arnold;  and  Recollec 
tions  of  the  Early  Chicago  and  Illinois 
Bar.  He  died  April  24,  1884,  in  Chicago, 
111. 

ARNOLD,  JOHN,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  Jan.  15,  1815,  in  England.  In 
1877  he  moved  to  Rushville,  Ind.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Rush  Medical  society, 
the  Union  District  Medical  society,  the 
Indiana  State  Medical  society,  and  the 
American  Medical  association. 

ARNOLD,  JOHN  H..  business  man, 
legislator,  was  born  July  9,  1846,  in  War 
wick,  N.  J.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools;  has  been  a  member  of 
the  common  council  of  Pawtucket;  and  a 
representative  In  the  Rhode  Island  state 
legislature  since  1896. 

ARNOLD,  JOHN  MOTTE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1824,  in  Acra,  N.  Y. 
In  1839  he  moved  to  Michigan,  residing  m 
Detroit  from  1861  until  his  death  on 
Dec.  8,  1884.  He  filled  several  methodist 
episcopal  pulpits  in  Detroit,  Mich.;  as 
sisted  In  founding  the  Michigan  Christian 
Advocate,  which  he  edited  until  his  death; 
and  founded  the  Detroit  Methodist  Book 
concern.  Dr.  Arnold  was  the  author  of 
Doctrines  of  Sanctiftcation;  and  was  a 
learned  and  versatile  writer. 

ARNOLD,  JONATHAN,  surgeon,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1741,  In 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  assembly  in  1776;  and  was  the 
author  of  the  act  of  May,  1776,  repealing 
the  laws  providing  for  the  oath  of  alle 
giance  to  the  mother  country.  He  was  a 
surgeon  in  the  revolutionary  army;  after 
the  war  removed  to  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt., 
where  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
Orange  county  court  in  1782,  holding  that 
office  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1782  to  1784.  He  died  Feb.  2, 
1798,  in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 

ARNOLD,  JOSEPH  MITCHELL,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1863,  in  New 
Buffalo,  Pa.  He  attended  the  Bloomfleld 
academy,  and  in  1887  graduated  from  the 
Lafayette  college.  The  succeeding  five 
years  he  was  principal  of  the  Bloom 
fleld  academy,  and  since  1893  has  been 
superintendent  of  schools  of  Perry  coun 
ty,  Pa.,  and  has  attained  prominence  In 
the  field  of  education  for  his  progressive 
improvements  of  the  school  system  under 
his  charge. 

ARNOLD,  LAUREN  BRIGGS,  agricult 
urist,  author,  was  born  In  1841,  in  New 
York.  He  was  an  agriculturist  of  western 
New  York  who  lectured  frequently  upon 
dairy  husbandry  and  was  the  author  of 
American  Dairying.  He  died  in  1888. 

ARNOLD,  LEMUEL  H.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  29, 
1792,  In  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  He  was  re 
moved  to  Rhode  Island  at  an  early  age; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  college,  in  1811; 
and  was  educated  for  the  bar,  but  turned 
his  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits.  In 
1831  was  elected  governor  of  Rhode 
Island,  and  re-elected  in  1832;  was  a 
member  of  the  governor's  council  during 
the  Dorr  rebellion  In  1842;  and  a  repre 


sentative  In  congress  from  1845  to  1847. 
He  died  June  27,  1852,  in  Kingston,  R.  I. 

ARNOLD,  LEWIS  G.,  general,  was  born 
in  December,  1815,  in  New  Jersey.  In 
1862  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
forces  at  New  Orleans  and  Algiers,  La., 
which  command  he  retained  until  he  was 
disabled  by  a  stroke  of  paralysis,  from 
which  he  never  recovered. 

ARNOLD,  LYNN  J.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Sept.  28,  1864,  in  Burlington  Flats. 
N.  Y.  In  1884  he  graduated  from  the 
State  Normal  college  of  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  then  engaged  in  educational  work; 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1889.  He 
has  attained  success  in  the  profession  of 
law  at  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.;  and  in  1894 
was  elected  surrogate  of  his  county. 

ARNOLD,  MARSHALL,  educator,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1845, 
in  St.  Francois  county,  Mo.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  common  schools;  was  pro 
fessor  in  Arcadia  college  in  1870-71;  has 
been  deputy  clerk  of  the  circuit,  county, 
and  probate  courts  in  St.  Francois  county. 
Mo;  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Scott 
county,  Mo.;  served  two  terms  In  the 
legislature  of  Missouri;  and  was  presi 
dential  elector  on  the  Hancock  ticket.  He 
was  elected  as  a  democrat  to  the  fifty-sec 
ond  and  fifty-third  congresses. 

ARNOLD,  PELEG,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1752,  in  Smithfleld,  R.  I.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  Rhode 
Island;  was  for  many  years  chief  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  that  state;  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1786  to  1788,  when  he  was  appointed 
judge.  He  died  Feb.  13,  1820,  in  Smith- 
field,  R.  I. 

ARNOLD,  REUBEN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  7, 1833,  in  Greeneville.Tenn. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war,  and  was  ten 
dered  recommendation  for  brigadier-gen 
eral,  which  he  declined.  Col.  Arnold  was 
elected  city  attorney  of  Atlanta  in  1867, 
and  has  since  been  a  very  prominent 
figure  in  politics  and  law. 

ARNOLD,  RICHARD,  general,  was  born 
April  12,  1828,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He 
was  a  son  of  Gov.  L.  H.  Arnold,  was 
graduated  at  West  Point  in  1850.  For  his 
services  through  the  war  he  was,  on 
March  13,  1865,  brevetted  colonel,  briga 
dier-general,  and  major-general  in  the 
regular  army.  After  the  close  of  the  war 
he  commanded  various  posts,  and  on  Dec. 
5,  1877,  was  made  acting  assistant  in 
spector-general  of  the  department  of  the 
east.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
major  in  the  fifth  artillery.  He  died  Nov. 
8,  1882,  on  Governor's  Island,  New  York 
harbor. 

ARNOLD,  SAMUEL,  business  man,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  1,  1806,  in  Had- 
dam,  Conn.  He  received  his  education 
at  Plainfleld  academy,  In  Connecticut,  and 
Westfleld  academy,  in  Massachusetts;  de 
voted  the  most  of  his  life  to  agricultural 
pursuits,  and  to  various  interests  of  com 
merce.  For  many  years  he  carried  on 
one  of  the  most  extensive  stone  quarries 
in  the  union;  was,  for  a  number  of  years, 
president  of  the  bank  of  East  Haddam; 
served  his  native  county  in  the  legislature 
during  the  years  1839,  1842,  1844,  and 
1851;  and  was  elected  to  the  thirty-fifth 
congress. 

ARNOLD,  SAMUEL  GREENE,  was 
born  April  12,  1821,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  In 
1862  he  was  again  elected  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Rhode  Island,  and  was  soon 
afterwards  chosen  senator  in  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
History  of  Rhode  Island;  and  Life  of 
Patrick  Henry.  He  died  Feb.  12,  1880,  In 
Providence,  R.  I. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


53 


ARNOLD,  THOMAS  D.,  congvessman, 
was  born  May  23,  1798,  in  Spottsylvania 
county,  Va.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Knox  county,  Tenn., 
from  1831  to  1833;  and  was  elected  for  a 
second  term,  from  1841  to  1843,  represent 
ing  Greene  county.  He  died  May  26, 
J870,  in  Jonesboro,  Tenn. 

ARNOLD,  THOMAS  H.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  26,  1857,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  For  three  years  he  was  connected 
with  the  Chattanooga  Times,  and  is  now 
editor  of  the  Middleborough  News,  of 
which  publication  he  is  also  president 
and  manager.  His  poems  have  appeared 
In  several  standard  collections. 

ARNOLD,  TRESSA  RICHARDSON, 
evangelist,  editor,  was  born  May  9,  1864, 
in  Lanesboro,  Minn.  In  1882  she  gradu 
ated  from  the  Emporia  Commercial  and 
Business  college,  and  since  that  time 
has  taken  an  active  part  as  a  teacher 
and  Sunday  school  missionary,  accepting 
an  evangelist's  license  in  1885.  In  1887 
she  married  T.  B.  Arnold,  the  veteran 
journalist  and  book  publisher  of  Chicago; 
and  since  then  has  been  editor  of  the 
Light  and  Life  series  of  Sunday  school 
periodicals.  Since  1888  she  has  been  an 
assistant  superintendent  of  the  Chicago 
Industrial  Home  for  Children,  of  which 
institution  her  husband  is  superintendent. 

ARNOLD,  WARREN  0.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  3,  1839,  in 
Coventry,  R.  I.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state; 
was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  from 
1857  to  1864;  and  from  the  latter  date 
to  1866  was  engaged  in  cotton  manufac 
turing.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  en 
gaged  in  the  manufacture  of  woolens.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first 
congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

ARNOLD,  WILLIAM  CARLILE.  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  July  15,  1851, 
in  Luthersburg,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in 
Pennsylvania  and  Massachusetts;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875  and  has  prac 
ticed  law  continuously  since  his  admis 
sion;  had  never  held  any  public  office  be 
fore  his  election  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

ARNOT,  JOHN,  financier,  congressman, 
was  born  March  31,  1831,  in  Elmira,  N.  Y. 
He  was  three  times  president  of  the  vil 
lage  of  Elmira,  and  was  the  first  mayor 
after  its  incorporation;  and  was,  subse 
quently,  twice  elected  mayor.  He  became 
cashier  of  The  Chemung  Canal  bank,  in 
1851,  and  continued  in  that  position.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth 
congresses. 

ARNOT,  MATTHIAS  HOLLENBACK, 
capitalist,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1832.  As 
president  of  The  Chemung  Canal  bank,  a 
family  institution,  which  has  in  every 
crisis  proved  itself  as  solid  as  The  Bank  of 
England,  Mr.  Arnot  has  sustained  the 
financial  credit  of  Elmira  in  every  storm. 
His  art  gallery,  which  has  cost  not  less 
than  $300,000,  is  an  evidence  that  his 
aspirations  are  higher  and  better  than  the 
mere  love  of  gain.  Among  his  practical 
interests  are  The  Chemung  Canal  bank, 
The  Sheldon  Saddlery  Co.,  Thomas  Briggs 
and  Co.,  brewers,  The  Junction  Canal  Co., 
The  Seneca  Lake  Steam  Navigation  Co., 
The  Chemung  Plank  Road  Co.,  and  The 
Elmira  Industrial  association,  of  most  if 
not  all  of  which  he  is  the  head. 

ARRINGTON,  ALFRED  W.,  lawyer, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  September, 
1810,  in  Iredell  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a 
prominent  lawyer  in  the  southwest,  and 
later  in  Chicago.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Rangers  and  Regulators  of  the  Tan- 


aba;  Sketches  of  the  Southwest;  and 
Poems,  with  Memoir.  He  died  Dec.  31, 
1867,  in  Chicago,  111. 

ARRINGTON,  H.  ARCHIBALD,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  North  Carolina. 
He  represented  that  state  in  congress 
from  1841  to  1845,  after  which  he  retired 
to  private  life.  His  sou,  Alfred  W.  Ar- 
rington,  attained  distinction  as  a  method- 
ist  preacher,  a  lawyer,  and  judge,  and  a 
writer  for  the  magazines  under  the  as 
sumed  name  of  Charles  Summerfield. 

ARROWSMITH,  EUSEBIUS  WAL 
LING,  lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1869,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  of  Freehold,  N.  J.,  and  makes  a 
specialty  of  criminal  law.  He  is  deputy 
county  clerk,  and  takes  an-  active  part  in 
democratic  politics. 

ARTHUR,  CHESTER  ALLAN,  twenty- 
first  president  of  the  United  States,  was 
born  Oct.  5, 1830,  in  Fairfield,  Vt.  He  grad 
uated  at  Union  col 
lege,  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.,  1849;  taught 
school  and  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  Pownal 
academy,  Vermont. 
Studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  was  married  to 
Miss  Herndon.  He 
was  a  delegate  to 
the  Saratoga  conven 
tion  when  the  re 
publican  party  of 
New  York  was  formed.  Was  judge-advo 
cate  of  the  second  brigade  of  state  militia 
before  uie  war.  In  1860  Governor  Edwin 

D.  Morgan    appointed    him    engineer-in- 
chief    on    his    staff    and    afterwards    in 
spector-general     and     quartermaster-gen 
eral,   holding   the   latter   office   until   the 
close  of  1863.     He  practiced  law  in  New 
York   city  until  Nov.  20,   1871,   when  he 
was    appointed    collector    of    customs    at 
that  port,   and  reappointed   in    1875.     In 
1877  he  was  chairman  of  the  republican 
central  committee  of  New  York  city,  when 
President  Hayes  issued  his  order  forbid 
ding  officers  in  the  civil  service  from  act 
ing  as  political    managers.     Mr.    Arthur 
neglected  to  comply  with  this  order  and 
was   removed   by  the   president   in   July, 
1878.     He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago 
convention  in  1880,  and  a  strong  support 
er  of  General  Grant.     He  was  nominated 
for    vice-president    on    the     first     ballot, 
which  stood  for  Chester  A.  Arthur,  468; 

E.  B.  Washburne,  Illinois,  193;    Marshall 
Jewell,  Connecticut,  44;    Horace  Maynard, 
Tennessee,  30;    B.  K.  Bruce,  Mississippi, 
8;     J.    L.    Alcorn,   Mississippi,    4;     E.    J. 
Davis,   Texas,   2;     Thomas   Settle,   North 
Carolina,  1;     Stewart  L.  Woodford,  New 
York,  1.     Being  elected  he  took  the  oath 
of  office  and  became  vice-president  March 
4,  1881.    On  being  notified  by  the  cabinet 
of  the  death  of  President  Garfield,  he  took 
the  oath  of  office  as  president  at  his  own 
house  in  New  York  city,  on  Sept.  20,  1881, 
at  two  o'clock  in  the  morning.    On  reach 
ing  Washington,  Sept.  22,  he  again  took 
the    oath    of   office    before   Chief   Justice 
Waite.     The  republican  national  conven 
tion  met  at  Chicago,  June  3,  1884.     Those 
receiving  the  highest  number  of  votes  on 
the    first    ballot   were   James   G.    Elaine, 
334%,   and   Chester   A.   Arthur,   278.     On 
the  fourth  ballot  Mr.   Elaine   was  nomi 
nated.     General  Arthur  retired  from  the 
presidency  March  4,  1885,  and  died  Nov. 
18,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

ARTHUR,  CHRISTOPHER,  soldier, 
physician,  public  official,  was  born  Sept.  16, 
1833,  in  Highland  county,  Ohio.  In  1862  he 
raised  a  company  for  the  seventy-fifth  In 
diana  volunteers,  of  which  he  was  chosen 
captain.  A  few  days  later  he  was  appoint 


ed  surgeon  of  the  regiment,  which  was  as 
signed  to  the  fourteenth  army  corps.  With 
this  command  he  served  through  the  en 
tire  Atlanta  campaign.  At  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga  he  was  taken  prisoner,  and 
sent  first  to  Atlanta,  and  finally  to  Libby 
prison.  He  has  identified  himself  with 
the  public  schools  of  Camden,  where  he 
lived  for  some  years,  and  is  now  presi 
dent  and  a  stockholder  of  the  Citizens' 
bank.  He  has  a  very  large  and  interesting 
collection  of  archaeological  specimens. 

ARTHUR,  JESSE,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Jan.  14,  1846,  in  Kershaw  county, 
S.  C.  He  attended  a  private -school  until 
September,  1863,  when  he  entered  the 
confederate  army,  and  served  through  the 
war.  He  was  made  prisoner  in  front  of 
Richmond  on  Aug.  15,  1864;  and  was  re 
leased  in  March  of  the  following  year. 
In  1889  he  moved  to  Washington  terri 
tory,  attained  prominence  as  an  able  law 
yer;  and  in  1892  was  elected  superior 
court  judge  of  the  state  of  Washington 
for  Spokane  county,  which  position  he 
still  holds. 

ARTHUR,  JOSEPH  CHARLES,  botan 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1850,  in  Lowville, 
N.  Y.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Iowa; 
studied  four  years  at  the  Iowa  Agricult 
ural  college,  taking  the  degree  of  B.  S.; 
then  attended  Cornell,  receiving  the  de 
gree  D.  Sc. ;  and  also  studied  at  Johns 
Hopkins,  Harvard,  and  the  university  of 
Bonn.  He  has  been  instructor  in  botany 
at  the  Iowa  Agricultural  college,  the  uni 
versity  of  Wisconsin;  and  during  1884-87 
was  botanist  to  the  Agricultural  Experi 
ment  station  at  Geneva,  N.  Y.  Since  1887 
he  has  been  professor  of  vegetable  physi 
ology  and  pathology  in  Purdue  university. 
ARTHUR,  TIMOTHY  SHAY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1809  in  Newburg,  N. 
Y.  He  was  a  prolific  writer  of  moral  tales, 
with  much  more  excellence  of  intention 
than  literary  merit  to  recommend  them, 
but  which  have  enjoyed  a  very  extensive 
popularity.  He  was  the  author  of  Ten 
Nights  in  a  Bar-Room;  Six  Nights  with 
the  Washingtonians;  and  Tales  of  Mar 
ried  Life,  which  are  well  known  works. 
His  life  was  nearly  all  spent  in  Philadel 
phia.  He  died  March  6,  1885,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

ARTHUR,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1796  in  Antrim,  Ireland. 
He  was  graduated  at  Belfast  college, 
came  to  the  United  States,  studied  law 
for  a  short  time,  and  was  then  called  to 
the  baptist  ministry.  After  preaching 
in  Vermont  and  western  New  York,  he 
was  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Calvary  bap 
tist  church  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
remained  from  1855  to  1863.  He  after 
ward  removed  to  Schenectady,  where  he 
published  a  magazine  called  the  Anti 
quarian,  to  whose  pages  he  contributed 
much  curious  learning  on  a  variety  of 
topics.  He  published  an  Etymological 
Dictionary  of  Family  and  Christian 
Names.  Dr.  Arthur  was  noted  for  his  at 
tainments  in  the  classics  and  in  ^listory, 
both  sacred  and  profane.  His  son,  Ches 
ter  Allan  Arthur,  was  twenty-first  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States.  He  died  Oct. 
27,  1875,  in  Newtonville,  N.  Y. 

ARTHUR,  WILLIAM  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  March  3,  1825,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Covington,  Ky.,  where  he  was 
educated;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1850.  He  was  elected  at 
torney  for  the  ninth  judicial  district,  and 
served  from  1856  to  1862;  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1860;  elected  judge  of  the 
ninth  judicial  district  in  1866;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses. 


54 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ASBURY,  A.  EDGAR,  banker,  business 
man,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1836,  in  Virginia. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Rector 
college,  Virginia,  and  at  Allegheny  college 
of  Meadville,  Pa.  He  served  four  years  in 
the  war  and  was  captain  in  the  confed 
erate  states  army.  This  successful  finan 
cier  and  business  man  has  been  the  presi 
dent  of  the  American  bank  of  Higgins- 
ville,  Mo.,  for  the  past  twenty  years. 

ASBURY,  FRANCIS,  bishop  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church,  was  born 
Aug.  20,  1745,  in  Handsworth,  England. 
For  thirty-two  years,  Bishop  Asbury 
traveled  yearly  through  the  United  States, 
ordaining  not  less  than  three  thousand 
preachers,  and  preaching  about  seventeen 
thousand  sermons.  He  died  March  31, 
1816,  in  Spottsylvania,  Va. 

ASH,  MICHAEL  W.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1835  to  1837. 

ASHBOTH,  ALEXANDER  SANDOR, 
general,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1811,  in  Hun 
gary.  He  served  in  the  Austrian  army, 
and  afterwards  de 
voted  himself  to  en 
gineering.  In  1861 
he  offered  his  serv 
ices  to  the  govern 
ment,  and  went  as 
chief  of  Fremont's 
staff  to  Missouri; 
and  was  made  a 
brigadier-general.  In 
3865  he  was  brevet- 
,t  e  d  major-general 
for  services  in  Flor 
ida;  and  was  ap 
pointed  minister  to  the  Argentine  Repub 
lic  in  1866.  He  died  Jan.  21,  1868,  in 
Buenos  Ayres. 

ASHBURN,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  wns 
born  in  Georgia.  During  the  civil  war  he 
was  a  strong  opponent  of  secession,  and 
raised  a  company  of  southern  loyalists, 
subsequently  enlarged  to  a  regiment,  of 
which  he  was  colonel.  On  his  return 
home  after  the  war  he  boldly  advocated 
the  congressional  plan  of  reconstruction. 
He  was  chosen  a  delegate  to  the  Georgia 
constitutional  convention  of  1867,  and  did 
much  toward  perfecting  the  constitution 
of  his  state.  He  died  April  1,  1868. 

ASHBURN,  JESSE  ANDERSON,  farm 
er,   clergyman,    state   senator,    was    born 
Dec.  21,  1861,  near  Pilot  Mountain,  N.  C. 
He  is  a  farmer  and 
a  noted  clergyman  of 
Ashburn.   N.   C.     As 
an  orator  he  is  well 
^   g,     I  known  in  the  south; 

where     he     is     also 
prominent  as  a  polit 
ical  speaker.  In  1896 
^^llj^'  ne     was     elected     a 

^fl  J^^_.   member    of    the 

_    WjffJm       I   North  Carolina  state 
I   senate;    has  taken  a 
HttKjfll          I   prominent     part     in 
the  deliberations   of 

that  body;  at  all  times  advocating  with 
voice  and  pen  all  progressive  measures  in 
the  interests  of  the  commonwealth. 

ASHBURNER,  CHARLES  ALBERT, 
geologist,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1854,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1880  he  was  appointed 
geologist  in  charge  of  the  survey  of  the 
anthracitp  coal  fields,  where  he  originated 
a  method  for  surveying  and  representing 
the  geology  of  this  great  coal-bed  which 
has  received  the  approbation  of  mining 
engineers  and  geologists  both  in  the 
United  States  and  in  Europe.  He  died 
Dec.  24,  1889,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


ASHBY,  TURNER,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1824,  in  Rose  Hill,  Va.  He  raised  a  regi 
ment  of  cavalry,  and  made  so  distin 
guished  a  record  as  a  cavalry  officer,  that 
he  was  appointed  brigadier-general  in  the 
confederate  provisional  army  in  1861.  He 
died  June  5,  1862. 

ASHE,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  in  1720, 
and  was  a  general  in  the  continental 
army.  He  died  Oct.  24,  1781,  in  Sampson 
county,  N.  C. 

ASHE,  JOHN  B.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1748  in  Rocky  Point,  N.  C.,  and 
was  a  son  of  John  Baptiste  Ashe.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee,  from  1843  to  1845,  representing 
the  tenth  district.  He  died  Nov.  27,  1802, 
in  Halifax,  N.-C. 

ASHE,  JOHN  BAPTISTE,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  in  1748,  in  Rocky 
Point,  N.  C.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1787  and  1788; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1790  to  1793;  and 
was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating 
the  seat  of  government  on  the  Potomac. 
He  was  elected  governor  of  the  state  of 
North  Carolina  in  1801.  He  died  Nov.  27, 
1802,  in  Halifax,  N.  C. 

ASHE,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1725,  in  North  Caro 
lina,  and  was  a  brother  of  General  John 
B.  Ashe,  of  the  old  congress.  He  was  a 
lawyer  of  ability,  a  citizen  of  exalted  pa 
triotism,  and  a  soldier  in  emergencies. 
He  was  a  leading  member  of  the  North 
Carolina  congress;  chief  justice  of  the 
state  from  1777  to  1796;  and  governor  of 
North  Carolina  from  1795  to  1798.  He 
died  Feb.  3,  1813,  in  Rocky  Point,  N.  C. 

ASHE,  SAMUEL  A'COURT,  lawyer, 
journalist,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1840,  near 
Wilmington,  N.  C.  He  attended  the 
Georgetown  Mathematical  academy,  Rug 
by  academy,  Oxford  Military  academy, 
and  the  United  States  Naval  academy. 
He  served  as  a  captain  in  the  confederate 
army;  has  been  postmaster  of  Raleigh, 
N.  C.;  and  chairman  of  the  state  demo 
cratic  executive  committee.  He  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  a  successful  Jour 
nalist  and  an  able  lawyer. 

ASHE,  THOMAS  SAMUEL,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Orange  county, 
N.  C.  He  graduated  at  the  university  of 
North  Carolina  in  1832;  studied  law  and 
pursued  that  profession;  and  in  1842  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
North  Carolina.  In  1847  he  was  elected 
solicitor  of  the  fifth  judicial  district  of 
North  Carolina,  and  served  in  that  ca 
pacity  four  years;  in  1854  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate;  in  1861  was  elected 
to  the  house  of  representatives  of  the 
confederate  states;  to  the  senate  of  the 
confederate  congress  in  1864;  and  was 
one  of  the  councilors  of  state  in  1866; 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and 
forty-fourth  congresses. 

ASHE,  WILLIAM  S.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  and 
was  the  son  of  John  Baptiste  Ashe.  He 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  served  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1846,  and  was  rfi- 
elected  in  1848.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1849  to  1853.  He  was 
killed  on  a  railroad  in  1864,  near  Wil 
mington,  N.  C. 

ASHHURST,  JOHN,  surgeon,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1839,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1857,  and  at  the  medi 
cal  department  in  1860,  and  from  1862  till 
1865  he  served  as  acting  assistant  sur 
geon  in  the  United  States  army.  Since 
1877  he  has  been  professor  of  clinical 
surgery  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  he  has  been  connected  with  several 


hospitals.  He  is  the  author  of  Injuries  of 
the  Spine;  and  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Surgery;  and  the  editor  of  Transactions 
of  the  International  Medical  Congress; 
and  the  International  Encyclopaedia  of 
Surgery,  in  six  volumes. 

ASHLEY,  CHESTER,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  June  1,  1790,  in 
Westfield,  Mass.  He  established  himself 
in  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  then  a  mere  landing, 
and  was  chosen  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Arkansas  in  1844.  He  died  April  27, 
1848,  in  Washington  City. 

ASHLEY,  CLARENCE  DEGRAND,  law 
yer,  was  born  July  21,  1851,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  organized  the  Metropolis  Law 
school  of  New  York  city,  and  accepted  a 
firofessorship  in  its  faculty.  He  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  chair  of  contracts  in  Uni 
versity  Law  school;  became  vice-dean  of 
its  faculty  and  executive  head  of  the  even 
ing  department. 

ASHLEY,  DELOS  R.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1828,  in  Arkansas. 
He  went  to  California  in  1849,  where  he 
held  the  office  of  district  attorney  in 
1851-53;  was  a  member  of  the  California 
assembly  in  1854-55;  a  state  senator  in 
1856-57;  and  state  treasurer  in  1862-63. 
Early  in  1864  he  moved  to  Nevada,  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  that 
state  to  the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  con 
gresses.  He  died  July  18,  1873,  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

ASHLEY,  HENRY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Cheshire  county,  N.  H.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Delaware  and  Greene  counties,  N.  Y.,  from 
1825  to  1827. 

ASHLEY,  JAMES  M.,  lawyer,  merchant, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  14, 
1824,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  In  1849  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Ohio;  but  aban 
doned  that  profes- 
I  sion  for  the  business 
of  boat  building.  He 
was  also  connected 
with  the  press  for 
awhile;  and  subse 
quently  went  into 
the  wholesale  drug 
business  in  Toledo, 
Ohio.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the 
thirty-sixth,  thirty-seventh,  thirty-eighth, 
thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  congresses.  In 
1866  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  loyalists'  convention.  He  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  governor  of  the  ter 
ritory  of  Montana. 

ASHLEY,  OSSIAN  D.,  soldier,  railway 
president,  was  born  April  9,  1821,  in 
Townshend,  Vt.  In  1889  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Toledo,  Wabash  and 
Western  Railroad  Co.,  which  position  he 
still  holds.  For  a  number  of  years  he 
was  connected  with  the  Boston  Journal 
as  its  financial  editor,  and  also  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  New  York  Tribune. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  attained 
the  rank  of  colonel. 

ASHLEY,  WILLIAM  H.,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  in  1778,  in  Powhatan 
county,  Va.  He  was  the  first  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Missouri,  after  it  became  a 
state;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  from  1831  to  1837.  He  died  March 
26,  1838,  in  Boonville,  Mo. 

ASHMEAD,  HENRY  GRAHAM,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  June  30,  1838,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  local  editor  of  the 
Chester  Evening  News,  The  Delaware 
County  Republican,  and  other  newspapers. 
He  is  the  author  of  History  of  Delaware 
County,  Pa.;  History  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  Historical  Sketches  of  Chester-ou- 
Delaware. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


55 


ASHMEAD,  ISSAC,  printer,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1790,  in  Germantown,  Pa  He 
was  apprenticed  to  William  Bradford,  and 
in  1821  founded  what  is  now  the  oldest 
printing  establishment  in  Philadelphia. 
He  set  up  the  first  power-presses  ever 
used  in  that  city,  and  introduced  com 
position  rollers.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  American  Sunday  School 
union,  and  printed  its  publications.  He 
also  aided  in  establishing  the  American 
Presbyterian  and  the  Presbyterian  Quar 
terly.  He  died  March  1,  1870,  in  Phila 
delphia. 

ASHMORE,  JOHN  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  7,  1819,  in  Greenville,  S.  C. 
When  quite  young  he  filled  various  offices 
in  the  state  militia;  was  a  member  of 
the  South  Carolina  legislature  in  1848, 
1850,  and  1852;  in  1853  was  elected  comp 
troller-general  of  the  state  for  two  years 
and  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term. 
He  was  subsequently  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  South  Carolina  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress. 

ASHMORE,  OTIS,  educator,  astronomer, 
was  born  March  6,  1853,  in  Lincoln  coun 
ty,  Ga.  He  has  always  been  engaged  in 
educational  work.  For  ten  years  he  was 
science  teacher  in  the  Savannah  High 
school,  and  is  now  superintendent  of 
schools  of  that  city.  He  is  the  author  of 
Grier's  Almanac,  the  best  known  annual 
publication  of  the  kind  in  the  south; 
and  has  also  attained  prominence  as  a 
noted  astronomer. 

ASHMUN,  ELI  PORTER,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  June  24, 
1770,  in  Blandford,  Mass.  He  was  a  dis 
tinguished  lawyer,  and  for  several  years  a 
member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
and  senate  of  Massachusetts.  In  1816 
he  was  elected  to  succeed  C.  Gore  as 
senator  from  that  state  in  congress.  He 
died  May  10,  1819,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 

ASHMUN,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1804,  in  Blandford, 
Mass.  He  graduated  at  Yale  college  in 
1823;  studied  law, 
and  settled  in 
Springfield  in  1828; 
served  in  the  state 
legislature  during 
the  years  1833,  1835, 
1836,  1838,  and  1841, 
officiating  as  speaker 
of  the  house  in  the 
latter  year.  He  was 
a  representative  in 
congress  from  1845 
to  1851.  In  1860  he 
was  president  of  the 
Chicago  convention;  and  in  1866  was 
chosen  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
National  Union  convention.  He  died  July 
17,  1870,  in  Springfield,  Mass. 

ASHMUN,  JEHUDI,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  April,  1794,  in  Champlain,  N.  Y. 
He  was  placed  in  charge  of  an  expedi 
tion  to  reinforce  the  colony  of  Liberia; 
remained  in  the  colony  for  six  years,  but 
in  3828  he  was  obliged  to  return  home 
on  account  of  ill-health.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  entitled  Memoirs  of 
Samuel  Bacon.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1828,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

ASHMUN,  JOHN  HOOKER,  jurist,  was 
born  July  3,  1800,  in  Blandford,  Mass.  He 
was  the  son  of  Senator  Eli  P.  Ashmun, 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1818,  and, 
on  the  establishment  of  the  law  depart 
ment  of  that  university,  appointed  its 
first  professor,  under  the  endowment  of 
Isaac  Royall.  Prior  to  this  he  was  asso 
ciated  with  Judge  Howe  and  Elijah  J. 
Mills  in  establishing  a  law  school  in 
Northampton.  He  died  April  1,  1833,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass. 


ASHTON,  J.  HUBLEY,  lawyer.  He  was 
a  citizen  of  Pennsylvania,  from  which 
state  he  was,  in  1864,  appointed  assist 
ant  attorney-general  of  the  United  States 
serving  three  years.  He  was  re-appointed 
in  1868,  serving  one  year;  and  was  sub 
sequently  associated  with  the  court  for 
the  settlement  of  the  Alabama  claims. 

ASPER,  JOEL  F.,  soldier,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  20,  1822  in 
Adams  county,  Pa.  He  studied  law  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1844,  writing  fre 
quently  for  the  newspapers;  was  elected  a 
justice  of  the  peace  in  1846,  and  in  1847 
prosecuting  attorney  for  his  county.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Buffalo  convention 
of  1848;  editor  of  the  Western  Reserve 
Chronicle  in  1849,  and  of  the  Chardon 
Democrat  in  1850.  In  1861  he  raised  a 
company  and  was  mustered  into  the  vol 
unteer  army  as  captain,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 
In  1866  he  started  a  paper  at  Chillicothe, 
Mo.,  called  the  Spectator,  and,  while  edit 
ing  that  journal  and  practicing  law,  was, 
in  1868,  elected  a  representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  forty-first  congress.  He  died 
Oct.  1,  1872,  in  Chillicothe,  Mo. 

ASPINALL,  NOVITAS  B.,  physician 
and  surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1857,  in 
Liverpool,  England.  He  studied  medi 
cine  under  his  father,  Doctor  R.  H.  Aspin- 
all,  a  practicing  physician  of  Liverpool, 
England.  He  graduated  in  1879  from  the 
college  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in 
London;  and  after  doing  hospital  work 
for  two  years,  came  to  the  United  States 
and  practiced  in  Chicago,  where  he  was 
a  medical  director  in  Dr.  Borton's  sani 
tarium.  In  1892  he  moved  to  Plymouth, 
Ind.,  where  he  is  city  physician,  and  sur 
geon  in  the  county  infirmary.  Dr.  Aspin- 
all  is  a  member  of  the  Indiana  State  Medi 
cal  society,  the  American  Medical  associa 
tion,  and  other  prominent  medical  bodies. 

ASPINWALL,  THOMAS,  soldier,  was 
born  May  23,  1786,  in  Brookline,  Mass.  He 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1804,  and 
studied  law  with  William  Sullivan.  He 
was  major  of  the  ninth  United  States  in 
fantry  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  for  gallant 
conduct  at  Sackett's  Harbor  received  the 
brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  that  of 
colonel  for  the  sortie  from  Fort  Erie, 
in  which  he  lost  an  arm.  From  1815  to 
1853  he  was  United  States  consul  at 
London.  He  died  Aug.  11,  1876. 

ASTOR,  JOHN  JACOB,  merchant,  was 
born  July  17,  1763,  in  Germany.  His  oc 
cupation  was  the  purchase  of  furs  from 
the  Indian  tribes  and  the  shipment  of 
them  to  Europe.  The  greatest  venture 
of  Mr.  Astor  was  the  founding  of  Astoria 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river  in 
1809.  He  planted  there  a  fort  and  a  settle 
ment,  in  person,  won  the  friendship  of 
the  Indian  tribes,  and,  during  his  four 
years  of  control,  carried  on  a  large  trade. 
He  also  founded  the  Astor  library  of  New 
York  by  his  bequest  of  $400,000.  At 
an  early  period  it  became  necessary  for 
Mr.  Astor  to  employ  ships  of  his  own 
in  exporting  furs  to  Europe.  The  return 
of  these  vessels  laden  with  merchandise 
led  him  into  an  extensive  foreign  trade. 
He  gradually  acquired  a  large  fleet,  and 
his  ships  ploughed  every  ocean  of  the 
globe  and  carried  cargoes  both  to  and 
from  England,  Germany,  France,  Russia, 
China  and  America,  the  cargoes  usually 
being  purchased  and  sold  on  Mr.  Astor's 
account.  He  died  March  29,  1848,  in  New 
York  city. 

ASTOR,  JOHN  JACOB,  third  of  the 
name,  soldier,  capitalist,  was  born  June 
10,  1823,  in  New  York  city,  and  was  a 
son  of  William  B.  Astor.  At  the  out 
break  of  the  civil  war  Mr.  Astor  enlisted 
as  a  volunteer,  and  served  with  credit  on 


the  staff  of  General  McClellan.  After  the 
war  he  remained  in  business  with  his 
father.  After  his  father's  death  in  1875, 
Mr.  Astor  increased  his  inheritance  by 
continuing  the  purchase  and  improve 
ment  of  real  estate.  At  his  death  he  was 
the  largest  owner  of  real  estate  in  New 
York  city,  aside  from  the  Trinity  Church 
corporation.  His  estate  was  estimated 
variously  between  $75,000,000  and  $100- 
000,000,  the  bulk  of  it  going  to  his  son 
William  Waldorf  Astor,  now  the  head  of 
the  family.  He  gave  legacies  of  $400  000  to 
The  Astor  library,  $100,000  each  to  St. 
Luke's  and  the  Cancer  hospitals,  and 
other  sums  to  kindred  public  objects.  He 
died  Feb.  22,  1890,  in  New  York  city 

ASTOR,  JOHN  JACOB,  fourth  of  the 
name,  capitalist,  was  born  July  13  1864 
at  Ferncliff,  N.  Y.,  and  a  son  of  William 
Astor.  The  influence  of  his  name  has 
been  sought  by  financial  institutions  and 
he  is  a  director  in  The  National  Park 
bank,  The  Title  Guarantee  and  Trust  Co., 
The  Mercantile  Trust  Co.,  The  Illinois 
Central  railway,  The  Second  National 
bank,  and  The  Plaza  bank.  Already  the 
possessor  of  many  buildings  in  this  city, 
Mr.  Astor's  civic  pride,  energy  and  busi 
ness  sagacity  combined  promise  to  place 
upon  the  island  of  Manhattan  several 
splendid  buildings  during  the  long  busi 
ness  career  which  is  before  him.  Vari 
ous  plans  are  now  in  contemplation.  He 
is  fond  of  the  study  of  science  and  phil 
osophy,  and  he  has  written  a  book  en 
titled  A  Journey  in  Other  Worlds:  A 
Romance  of  the  P'uture,  which  was  su 
perbly  illustrated. 

ASTOR,  WILLIAM,  capitalist,  was  born 
July  12,  1829,  in  New  York  city,  and  a 
son  of  William  B.  Astor.  In  1875  a  visit 
to  Florida  awoke  his  interest  in  the  vast 
undeveloped  resources  of  that  state;  and 
it  is  believed  that  his  enterprise,  during 
the  next  ten  years,  accomplished  more 
for  Florida  than  that  of  any  of  his  con 
temporaries.  He  built  a  railroad  from 
St.  Augustine  to  PalatKa,  constructed  sev 
eral  modern  blocks  of  buildings  in  Jack 
sonville,  and  led  other  men  of  means,  to 
join  in  the  work  of  re-creating  a  new  Flor 
ida  in  place  of  the  old  one.  His  services 
were  so  valuable  that  the  state  govern 
ment  voted  him  a  grant  of  eighty  thou 
sand  acres  of  land.  He  died  April  25,  1892, 
in  Paris,  France. 

ASTOR,  WILLIAM  BACKHOUSE,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1792,  in  New 
York.  Upon  his  father's  death  Mr.  Astor 
became  the  sole  heir  of  an  immense  es 
tate.  Thereafter  he  devoted  himself  to 
the  preservation  and  growth  of  his  prop 
erty.  He  was  a  progressive  man  and 
one  of  the  most  active  builders  of  his 
generation.  It  was  said  in  1867  that  he 
had  inherited  and  built  seven  hundred 
and  twenty  dwellings  and  stores  in  this 
city.  He  had  also  promoted  important 
railroad  and  insurance  enterprises.  He 
added  $250,000  to  the  endowment  of  the 
Astor  library,  and  made  a  total  of  $550,000 
in  gifts  to  that  institution.  His  estate 
was  divided  mainly  and  equally  between 
his  sons,  John  Jacob  and  William  Astor. 
He  died  Nov.  24,  1875,  in  New  York  city. 

ASTOR,  WILLIAM  WALDORF,  mil 
lionaire,  was  born  March  31,  1848,  in  New 
York  city,  N.  Y.  He  was  chiefly  educated 
by  private  tutors  at  his  home,  and  in  Eu 
rope;  and  graduated  from  Columbia  col 
lege  law  school  in  1875.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1878; 
a  state  senator  in  1880  and  1881;  and  was 
appointed  envoy  extraordinary  and  min 
ister  plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States 
to  Italy  in  1882-85.  He  is  the  proprie 
tor  of  the  Pall  Mall  Gazette,  of  London, 
England;  and  the  author  of  two  books. 


56 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ATCHESON,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1853,  in  Gene- 
see  county,  N.  Y.  He  received  a  thorough 
education,  and  is  a  graduate  of  the  Chi 
cago  Theological  seminary.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as  a  clergyman,  and  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  Bloomer,  Wis.  He 
has  contributed  valuable  articles  to  the 
religious  press. 

ATCHISON,  DAVID  R.,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1807, 
in  Frogtown,  Ky.  He  was  educated  for 
the  bar;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1830; 
and  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  that 
state  in  1834  and  1838.  In  1841  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  Platte  county  cir 
cuit  court;  and  during  the  year  1843  was 
appointed  a  senator  in  congress,  to  which 
position  he  was  subsequently  elected  for 
two  successive  terms,  serving  until  1855. 
He  died  in  1886. 


CHARLES  GORDON, 
lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
July  4,  1804,  in  Amherst,  N.  H.  He  grad 
uated  at  Cambridge 
in  1822;  studied  law; 
and  was  for  many 
years  in  the  legisla 
ture  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  for  three 
years  speaker  of  the 
house.  He  was  a 
representative  i  n 
congress  from  1837 
to  1843;  a  United 
States  senator  in 
congress  from  1843 
to  1849;  and  in  1852 

was  elected  a  United  States  senator  to  fill 
a  vacancy.  He  died  Nov.  15,  1853,  In 
Manchester.  N.  H. 

ATHERTON,  CHARLES  HUMPHREY, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  14 
1773,  in  Amherst,  N.  H.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1794;  held  the  office 
of  register  of  probate  from  1798  to  1807; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1815  to  1817.  He  stood  at  the  head 
of  _the  bar  in  Hillsboro  county  for  many 
years;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  in  1823,  and  again  in  1838  and 
1839.  He  died  Jan.  8,  1853,  in  Amherst 
N.  Y. 

ATHERTON,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  June  20,  1837,  in 
Boxford,  Mass.  He  graduated  from  Yale 
college  in  1863,  and  was  appointed  first 
lieutenant  of  the  tenth  Connecticut  vol 
unteers,  and  remained  in  command  of 
his  company  through  the  battles  of  Roan- 
oke  and  Newbern.  In  1882  he  became 
president  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  col 
lege  at  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

ATHERTON,  GERTRUDE,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  30,  1857,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
She  is  a  grand-niece  of  Benjamin  Frank 
lin,  and  the  author  of  What  Dreams  May 
Come;  Hermia  Suydam;  The  Dooms- 
woman;  Before  the  Gringo  Came;  A 
Whirl  Asunder:  Patience  Sparhawk  and 
Her  Times;  his  Fortunate  Grace;  and 
Valiant  Runaways. 

ATHERTON,  GIBSON,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1831,  in  Lick 
ing  county,  Ohio.  He  graduated  at  Miami 
university,  Ohio,  in  1853;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1855;  and  en 
gaged  in  practice  at  Newark,  Ohio.  He 
was  prosecuting  attorney  from  1857  to 
1863;  was  mayor  from  1860  to  1864;  was 
a  delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention  of  1876;  and  was  elected  a  rep- 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-sixth 
and  forty-seventh  congresses. 


ATHERTON,  JOSHUA,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  June  20,  1737,  in  Harvard, 
Mass.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1762;  studied  law,  and  began  practice  in 
Petersham.  Shortly  afterward  he  re 
moved  to  Litchfield,  and  in  1773,  having 
been  appointed  register  of  probate  in 
Hillsborough  county,  he  settled  in  Am 
herst.  He  became  a  member  of  the  conven 
tion  appointed  to  consider  the  federal  con 
stitution,  and  opposed  its  adoption  on  ac 
count  of  the  provisions  concerning  slaves 
and  slavery.  Subsequently  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  New  Hampshire  legislature,  and 
in  1793  he  was  made  attorney-general  of 
the  state.  He  was  also  for  a  time  com 
missioner  for  the  United  States  direct  tax. 
He  died  April  3,  1809,  in  Amherst,  Mass. 

ATKINS,  JOHN  D.  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  4,  1825,  in 
Henry  county,  Tenn.  He  graduated  at 
the  East  Tennessee  university  in  1846; 
studied  law;  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  legislature  in  1849  and  in  1851.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1855; 
chosen  a  presidential  elector  in  1856; 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  in 
1857;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1860.  He  was  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
fifth  Tennessee  regiment  in  the  confed 
erate  army  in  1861;  was  elected  to  the 
confederate  provisional  congress  in  Au 
gust,  1861,  and  re-elected  in  1863.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Tennes 
see  to  the  forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses;  and  in  1885  was  appointed  com 
missioner  of  Indian  affairs. 

ATKINSON,  ARCHIBALD,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  13, 
1792,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  county,  Va. 
Upon  leaving  the  army  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  in  Smithfield,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  general  assembly  from 
1815  to  1817,  and  also  of  the  house  of  del 
egates  and  state  senate  for  several  years. 
In  1843  he  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Virginia,  and  served 
until  1848;  was  a  member  of  the  commit 
tee  on  naval  affairs  and  commerce;  was 
prosecuting  attorney  for  his  county  twen 
ty  years;  mayor  of  Smithfield;  and  a 
magistrate.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1872,  in  Isle 
of  Wight,  Va. 

ATKINSON,  BYRON  A.,  business  man, 
was  born  in  1854  in  Sackville,  N.  B.  He 
is  the  owner  of  the  largest  housefurnish- 
ing  establishment  in  the  United  States 
in  the  city  of  New  York. 

ATKINSON,  CLARENCE  T.,  lawyer, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1863, 
in  Columbus,  N.  J.  He  graduated  from 
the  Columbus  semi 
nary  and  from  the 
Adelphic  institute  of 
Bordentown,  N.  J. 
He  received  the 
nomination  as  a 
member  of  the  New 
Jersey  legislature  in 
1886,  and  ran  ahead 
of  his  ticket,  but 
failed  to  carry 
enough  votes  to  se 
cure  election.  He 
has  participated  in 
three  presidential  campaigns,  and  earned 
a  reputation  as  an  able  and  eloquent  ora 
tor.  Since  1886  he  has  steadily  refused  to 
accept  any  public  office.  He  is  an  astute 
and  prominent  lawyer  of  Camden,  N.  J., 
and  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Gilbert 
and  Atkinson.  As  a  lecturer  he  is  well 
known  throughout  the  east,  and  has  con 
tributed  numerous  articles  to  law  litera 
ture  and  the  periodical  press;  and  many 
of  his  productions  have  been  incorpo 
rated  into  standard  publications. 


ATKINSON,  EDWARD,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  10,  1827,  in  Brookline,  Mass. 
He  is  a  Boston  reformer,  active  in  mat 
ters  of  diet  and  political  economy;  and 
the  author  of  The  Distribution  of  Prod 
ucts;  -  Labor  and  Capital;  Industrial 
Progress  of  the  Nation;  The  Science  of 
Nutrition;  Margin  of  Profits;  and  Taxa 
tion  and  Work. 

ATKINSON,  GEORGE  H.,  missionary, 
was  born  May  10,  1819,  in  Newburyport, 
Mass.  In  1872  Dr.  Atkinson  became  gen 
eral  missionary  for  Oregon,  and  in  1880 
superintendent  of  home  missions  for  Ore 
gon  and  Washington.  He  died  Feb.  25, 
1889,  in  Portland,  Ore. 

ATKINSON,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  governor,  was  born  June  29,  1845, 
in  Virginia.  In  1870  he  graduated  from 

_, the    Ohio    Wesleyan 

university;  took  a 
post-graduate  course 
at  Mount  Vernon 
college;  studied  law 
two  years;  attended 
lectures  at  Colum- 
b  i  a  n  university; 
graduated  from  the 
law  department  of 
Howard  university; 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1875.  He 
has  been  eminently 
successful  as  a  lawyer;  was  four  years 
United  States  marshal  for  West  Virginia; 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress 
from  Virginia  as  the  representative  of 
the  Wheeling  district;  and  in  1896  was 
elected  to  the  high  office  of  governor  of 
West  Virginia.  In  conjunction  with  Al- 
varo  F.  Gibbons,  he  is  the  author  of 
Prominent  Men  of  West  Virginia;  a  Vol 
ume  of  Poems;  and  a  half-dozen  other 
works. 

ATKINSON,  HENRY,  soldier,  was  born 
in  South  Carolina.  He  entered  the  army 
as  captain  in  1808.  He  was  retained  in 
the  army  after  the  war  of  1812;  was  made 
adjutant-general,  and  was  finally  appoint 
ed  to  the  command  of  the  western  army. 
He  died  in  June,  1842,  in  Jefferson  bar 
racks. 

ATKINSON,  HENRY  MORRELL,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born  Sept. 
9,  1838,  in  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  He  removed 
to  Ohio  in  1846,  with  his  parents;  was 
educated  chiefly  at  the  Denverson  uni 
versity,  Ohio,  and  in  Connecticut;  re 
moved  to  Nebraska  in  1857,  and  engaged 
in  the  land  agency  business;  studied  law 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1861.  He  served 
as  adjutant  of  cavalry,  and  in  1864  be 
came  provost-marshal  for  southern  Ne 
braska.  From  1867  to  1871  was  register 
of  the  land  office  in  Nebraska;  subse 
quently  turned  his  attention  to  the  law 
and  railroad  building;  in  1873  was  ap 
pointed  a  special  commissioner  to  Mexico; 
and  in  1875  was  appointed  commissioner 
of  pensions  in  Washington. 

ATKINSON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1835,  in  Deerfleld,  N.  J. 
He  is  a  clergyman  of  prominence  in  the 
methodist  church;  and  the  author  of  The 
Living  Way;  Memorials  of  Methodism  in 
New  Jersey;  The  Garden  of  Sorrows; 
The  Class  Leader;  and  Centennial  His 
tory  of  American  Methodism. 

ATKINSON,  JOHN  M.  P.,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1817, 
in  Mansfield,  Va.  In  1857-83  he  was  elect 
ed  president  of  the  Hampden  Sidney  col 
lege.  He  died  in  1883. 


HERRIXGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


ATKINSON,  LOUIS  E.,  physician,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  April  16, 
1841,  in  Juniata  county,  Pa.  He  was  edu- 
_•  cated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Airy 
View  and  Milnwood 
academies;  studied 
medicine,  and  grad 
uated  at  the  medical 
department  of  the 
University  of  the 
City  of  New  York, 
March  4,  1861.  He 
entered  the  medical 
department,  United 
States  army,  Sept. 
5,  1861;  served  as 
assistant  surgeon  of  the  first  Pennsylva 
nia  reserve  cavalry,  and  surgeon  of  the 
one  hundred  and  eighty-eighth  Pennsyl 
vania  infantry,  and  was  mustered  out  in 
December,  1865;  was  disabled  while  in  the 
army,  and,  being  unable  to  practice  medi 
cine,  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  September,  1870,,  and  has  practiced 
law  since  that  time.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth, 
fifty-first,  and  fifty-second  congresses. 

ATKINSON,  THEODORE,  soldier, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1697,  in  New 
Castle,  N.  H.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
university  in  1718;  was  secretary  of  the 
colony  in  1741;  chief  justice  in  1754,  and 
major-general  of  militia  in  1769,  but  the 
revolution  deprived  him  of  all  these 
offices.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  congress 
at  Albany  in  1754,  and  was  one  of  the 
committee  that  drew  up  the  plan  of  Union 
for  the  defense  of  the  colonies.  He  was 
for  many  years  in  the  legislature  and 
council;  also  held  the  office  of  clerk  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas;  was  colonel 
of  militia,  and  in  active  service  during 
the  French  and  Indian  wars.  He  died 
Sept.  22,  1779. 

ATKINSON,  THOMAS,  bishop,  was 
born  'Aug.  6,  1807,  in  Mansfield,  Va.  He 
was  elected  bishop  of  North  Carolina  in 
1853.  He  attended  the  general  convention 
of  the  episcopal  church  in  1865,  and  did 
much  to  hasten  the  reunion  of  the  north 
ern  and  southern  dioceses.  He  died  Jan. 
4,  1881,  in  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

ATKINSON,  WILLIAM  BIDDLE,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  June  21,  1832,  in 
Haverford,  Delaware  county,  Pa.  He  was 
educated  in  Philadelphia,  and  graduated 
from  the  Central  high  school;  and  in 
1853  graduated  from  the  Jefferson  Medi 
cal  college.  He  has  written  many  arti 
cles  for  medical  journals  on  subjects  in 
general  practice  and  the  diseases  of  chil 
dren.  He  is  author  of  The  Physician  and 
Surgeons  of  the  United  States;  Hints  in 
the  Obstetric  Procedure;  Therapeutics  of 
Gynaecology  and  Obstetric;  and  various 
other  works.  Dr.  Atkinson  has  been  the 
permanent  secretary  of  the  American 
Medical  association  since  1864,  and  of  the 
State  Medical  society  of  Pennsylvania 
since  1862.  He  was  lecturer  on  Diseases 
of  Children  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  col 
lege  during  1877-86;  professor  of  sanitary 
science  and  pediatrics  in  the  Medico- 
Chirurgical  college  of  Philadelphia  dur 
ing  1888-91.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
assistant  surgeon  of  United  States  volun 
teers.  He  is  also  the  associate  editer  of 
the  Medical  and  Surgical  Reporter  of 
Philadelphia;  and  contributes  extensively 
to  medical  journals. 

ATKINSON,  WILLIAM  ELRIE,  lawyer, 
was  born  July  24,  1852,  in  Shelby  county, 
Ala.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  noted 
lawyer;  in  1885  was  a  delegate  to  the 
congressional  convention,  and  was  one 
of  the  leading  spirits  in  founding  the 
Ouachita  Baptist  college  at  Arkadelphia. 


ATKINSON,  WILLIAM  PARSONS,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  in  1820  in  Mas 
sachusetts,  and  was  a  brother  of  E.  At 
kinson.  He  was  a  professor  of  history  at 
the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technol 
ogy;  and  the  author  of  The  Right  Use  of 
Books;  History  and  the  Study  of  His 
tory;  and  Classical  and  Scientific  Studies. 
He  died  in  1890. 

ATLEE,  JOHN  LIGHT,  was  born  Nov. 
2,  1799,  in  Pennsylvania.  Dr.  Atlee's  op 
eration  for  double  ovariotomy  in  1843  was 
the  first  in  the  history  of  medicine.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Lancaster 
City  and  County  Medical  society  in  1843, 
and  twice  served  as  its  president.  He 
assisted  in  organizing  the  Pennsylvania 
Medical  society  in  1848,  and  became  its 
president  in  1857,  and  was  also  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  American  Medical  as 
sociation  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  elected 
vice-president  in  1865,  and  president  In 
1882.  At  the  union  of  Franklin  and  Mar 
shall  colleges,  in  1853,  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  anatomy  and  physiology,  and 
continued  there  until  1869.  He  died  Oct. 
1,  1885,  in  Pennsylvania. 

AT  LEE,  SAMUEL  JOHN,  soldier, 
statesman,  was  born  in  1738.  He  com 
manded  a  Pennsylvania  company  in  the 
French  war;  and  in  1776  commanded  an 
advanced  battalion  on  Long  Island;  was 
made  prisoner  and  remained  some  time 
in  the  hands  of  the  British.  He  was  af 
terward  a  commissioner  to  treat  with 
the  Indians;  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1778  to  1782,  and 
one  of  the  committee  on  the  meeting  of 
Pennsylvania  troops  in  1781.  He  died 
November,  1786,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ATLEE,  WASHINGTON  LEMUEL, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1808, 
in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  a  noted  sur 
geon  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of 
Ovarian  Tumors  and  Ovariotomy.  He 
died  Sept.  6,  1878. 

ATTWOOD,  JULIUS,  banker,  was  born 
Feb.  23,  1824,  in  East  Haddam,  Conn.  In 
1859  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  probate 
court;  from  1873-74  was  a  member  of  the 
general  assembly  of  Connecticut;  and  in 
1883  was  elected  president  of  the  Na 
tional  bank  of.  New  England. 

ATWATER,  AMZI,  pioneer,  was  born 
May  23,  1776,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He 
settled  in  Mantua,  Ohio,  in  1800;  and  on 
the  organization  of  Portage  county  was 
elected  one  of  the  county  judges.  He  died 
June  22,  1851. 

ATWATER,  CALEB,  lawyer,  legislator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1778,  in  North 
Adams,  Mass.  He  was  graduated  at  Wil 
liams  college  in  1804;  studied  law,  and  be 
came  a  successful  practitioner.  He  moved 
to  Ohio  in  1811,  where  for  some  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
and  postmaster  of  Circleville.  He  was 
also  Indian  commissioner  under  Jack 
son.  He  published  A  Tour  to  Prairie  du 
Chien;  Western  Antiquities;  Writings  of 
Caleb  Atwater;  History  of  Ohio;  and  an 
Essay  on  Education.  He  died  March  13, 
1867,  in  Circleville,  Ohio. 

ATWATER,  FRANCIS,  author,  jour 
nalist  and  publisher,  was  born  In  Ply 
mouth,  Conn.  He  learned  the  printing 
trade  early  in  life,  and  in  1886  established 
and  became  president  of  the  Journal  Pub 
lishing  company,  of  Meriden,  Conn.,  pro 
prietor  of  the  Meriden  Daily  News,  and 
Connecticut  School  Journal.  He  is  the 
author  of  the  Histories  of  Plymouth, 
Conn.,  and  Kent,  Conn. 

ATWATER,   HORACE   COWLES,   cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1819  in  New 
York.     He  was  a  clergyman  of  the  meth- 
odist  church,  south,  and  published  Inci 
dents  of  a  Southern  Tour.  He  died  in  1879 


ATWATER,  JOHN  W.,  farmer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1840.  He 
served  in  the  first  North  Carolina  regi 
ment  throughout  the  war,  surrendering 
with  Lee  at  Appomattox.  When  the 
Farmers'  Alliance  was  organized  in  Chat 
ham  county,  N.  C.,  he  served  as  president 
two  terms,  and  afterward  for  two  terms 
as  president  of  the  sub-alliance.  Has 
represented  his  people  for  three  terms  in 
the  state  senate, 

ATWATER,  LYMAN  HOTCHKISS,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1813, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a  professor 
of  philosophy  at  Princeton  college,  and 
long  a  noted  contributor  to  the  Princeton 
Review;  and  the  author  of  A  Manual  of 
Elementary  Logic.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1883, 
in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

ATWATER,  WILBUR  OLIN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  3,  1844,  in  Johns- 
burg,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  professor  of 
chemistry  at  Wesleyan  university  since 
1873.  He  has  written  extensively  upon 
agricultural  chemistry,  and  published 
Co-operative  Experimenting  as  a  Means 
of  Studying  the  Effect  of  Fertilizers;  and 
Results  of  Field  Experiments  with  Vari 
ous  Fertilizers. 

ATWELL,  WILLIAM  HAWLEY,  law 
yer,  orator,  was  born  June  9,  1869,  in  La 
Crosse,  Wis.  He  attended  the  Dallas 
public  schools,  Texas;  the  Southwestern 
university,  and  the  State  university.  In 
1889  he  was  assistant  attorney  of  Dallas 
county;  in  1894  was  nominee  for  attor 
ney-general  of  Texas.  He  has  been  sec 
retary  of  the  State  Republican  league; 
of  the  National  Committeemen  league  in 
1896;  and  is  a  prominent  member  in  va 
rious  societies.  He  is  one  of  the  finest 
speakers  in  the  south,  his  oratory  being 
strong,  sparkling  aird  convincing. 

ATWILL,  EDWARD  ROBERT,  clergy 
man,  bishop,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1840,  in 
Red   Hook,  N.   Y.     He  received   his  edu- 
__  cation  at  the  Hudson 

;]    Classical      institute; 
4^h^          j    graduated   from   Co 
lumbia      college      in 
^  1  1862;     and    was     or- 

1    dained  in   1864,   and 
j    consecrated  a   bishop 
in  1890.  He  was  rec- 
*   tor     of     St.     Paul's 
Jf.    ^A.        church    of    Burling- 
J*  Kh    ton,     Vt;      and     in 

^f  1882    became    rector 

|H         I    of       the       Trinity 
church     of     Toledo. 

Ohio.  Since  1890  he  has  been  bishop  of 
west  Missouri,  residing  in  Kansas  City. 
He  has  contributed  valuable  articles  to 
church  literature  and  the  secular  press. 

ATWOOD,  ANTHONY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1801  in  New  Jersey. 
He  was  a  methodist  clergyman,  whose 
only  published  work  is  The  Abiding  Com 
forter.  He  died  in  1888. 

ATWOOD,  ETHEL,  musician,  was  born 
Sept.  12,  1870,  in  Fairfield,  Maine.  She 
has  attained  success  in  orchestral  work  in 
Boston,  Mass.  She  organized  the  Fadette 
Ladies'  orchestra,  which  now  has  thir 
teen  regular  members  in  the  orchestra, 
which  is  in  constant  demand. 

ATWOOD,  HARRISON  HENRY,  archi 
tect,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  -6, 
1863,  in  North  Londonderry,  Vt.  He  at 
tended  the  public  schools,  graduating  in 
1877;  studied  architecture  and  began  prac 
tice  in  1886;  has  erected  many  buildings 
in  and  about  Boston.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Massachusetts  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1887-89;  was  elected  twice  as  dele 
gate  to  republican  national  conventions, 
1888  and  1892;  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 


58 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ATWOOD,  ISAAC  MORGAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  24,  1838, 
in  Pembroke,  N.  V.  He  was  educated  at 
Lockport,  N.  Y.;  entered  the  universalist 
ministry  in  1859,  and  was  pastor  of 
churches  in  New  York,  Maine,  and  Mas 
sachusetts.  Since  1879  he  has  been  pres 
ident  of  Canton  Theological  seminary,  St. 
Lawrence  university,  where  he  is  also 
professor  of  theology  and  ethics.  The 
degree  of  A.  -M.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
St.  Lawrence  university  in  1872,  and  that 
of  D.  D.  by  Tufts  in  1879.  He  was  editor 
of  the  Boston  Universalist  in  1867-72,  and 
of  the  Christian  Leader  in  1873-75;  and 
has  been  associate  editor  of  the  latter 
journal  since  1875.  He  is  the  author  of 
Have  We  Outgrown  Christianity;  Glance 
at  the  Religious  Progress  of  the  United 
States;  Latest  Word  of  Universalism; 
Walks  About  Zion;  and  Manual  of  Reve 
lation. 

ATWOOD,  WILLIAM  A.,  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  11,  1835,  in 
Newfane,  N.  Y.  For  the  past  ten  years 
he  has  been  director  and  vice-president 
of  the  Genesee  County  Savings  bank, 
and  in  1881  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Flint, 
Mich.  He  was  elected  to  the  Michigan 
state  senate  in  1887. 

AUBRY,  LEANDER  J.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  May  1,  1848,  in  Canada.  He  is 
a  successful  carriage  manufacturer  of 
New  Haven,  Conn.;  and  manufactures 
carriages  for  the  best  makers  in  the 
United  States;  carries  the  leading  styles 
of  both  light  and  heavy  work,  and  makes 
special  and  exclusive  designs. 

AUDENRIED,  JOSEPH  C.,  soldier,  was 
born  Nov.  6,  1839,  in  Pottsville,  Pa.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war  and  was 
brevetted  captain  in  1866;  lieutenant- 
colonel,  aide-de-camp,  in  1866;  and 
colonel  aide-de-camp,  in  1869.  He  re 
mained  on  Gen.  Sherman's  staff  until  his 
death.  He  died  June  3,  1880,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

AUDSLEY,  GEORGE  ASHDOWN,  ar 
chitect,  author,  was  born  in  1838  in  Scot 
land.  He  is  a  Scottish  architect  and  art 
writer  of  note  of  Plainfield,  N.  J.  With 
his  brother,  William  James  Audsley,  he 
has  published  Colour  in  Dress;  a  Manual 
for  Ladies;  Floral  Decoration  of 
Churches;  Cottage,  Lodge,  and  Village 
Architecture;  Outlines  of  Ornament  in 
the  Leading  Styles;  Popular  Dictionary 
of  Architecture  and  the  Allied  Arts,  in 
ten  volumes;  Polychromatic  Decoration 
as  Applied  to  Buildings  in  the  Mediaeval 
Styles;  and  (with  James  Lord  Bowes) 
The  Keramic  Art  of  Japan.  His  separate 
works  include  Guide  to  the  Art  of  Illumi 
nating  and  Missal  Painting;  Handbook 
of  Christian  Symbolism;  The  Art  of 
Chromo-Lithography;  Notes  on  Japanese 
Art;  and  The  Ornamental  Arts  of  Japan. 

AUDUBON,  JOHN  JAMES,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  May  4,  1780,  near  New 
Orleans,  La.  His  admirable  work,  The 
Birds  of  America,  now  in  the  Astor  'libra 
ry,  sold  for  $1,000  a  copy,  and  was  pro 
nounced  by  Cuvier  to  be  the  most  mag 
nificent  monument  that  art  ever  raised  to 
ornithology.  His  other  works  are  Orni 
thological  Biography;  and  Quadrupeds  of 
America.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1851,  in  New 
York  city. 

AUGHEY,  JOHN  H.,  educator,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  May  8, 
1828,  in  New  Hartford,  N.  Y.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  Franklin  college,  Ohio, 
and  for  nearly  half  a  century  has  been 
a  minister  of  the  gospel.  For  many  years 
he  was  principal  of  the  high  school  of 
Winchester,  Ky. ;  has  served  as  president 
of  the  Female  college,  Miss.;  and  Is  now 


pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church 
of  Mulhall,  O.  T.  He  is  the  author  of  two 
works  entitled  Tupeh,  and  Spiritual 
Gems. 

AUGUR,  CHRISTOPHER  COLON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1821  in  New  York.  In 
1843  he  graduated  from  West  Point;  and 

during  the  next  two 

years  served  on 
frontier  duty.  In 
1846  he  took  part  in 
the  Mexican  war  in 
the  advance  to  the 
R  i  o  Grande.  In 
1852  he  was  pro 
moted  captain;  and 
served  with  great 
ability  in  the  Indian 
troubles  in  Oregon 
during  1855-56.  He 
served  with  distinc 
tion  through  the  civil  war;  and  in  1865 
received  the  brevet  of  brigadier-general; 
and  also  the  brevet  of  major-general.  He 
commanded  at  Washington  during  1863- 
66,  and  was  promoted  colonel  of  the 
twelfth  infantry.  In  1869  he  was  made 
brigadier-general  of  the  United  States 
army;  and  was  retired  in  1885.  His  son, 
Jacob  Arnold  Augur,  is  also  a  graduate 
of  West  Point,  and  a  captain  in  the  fifth 
United  States  cavalry. 

AUGUR,  HEZEKIAH,  sculptor,  was 
born  Feb.  12,  1791,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  was  unsuccessful  in  business,  and 
turned  his  attention  to  sculpture  and  me 
chanical  inventions.  His  best  work,  Jep- 
tha  and  His  Daughter,  is  in  the  Trumbull 
gallery,  Yale  college.  His  most  impor 
tant  invention  was  a  machine  for  carving 
wood,  which  came  into  general  use.  He 
died  Jan.  10,  1858,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

AUGUSTIN,  JOHN,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1838,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  His  volume,  War  Flowers,  is  a  col 
lection  of  poems  that  were  written  by  him 
during  his  service  in  the  confederate 
army.  He  held  at  different  times  the  city 
editorship  of  nearly  every  newspaper  of 
New  Orleans.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1888. 

AUGUSTINE,  OGDEN  W.,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  in  1841  in  Franklin 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  under 
private  teachers.  He  is  teacher  of  voice 
culture  and  music  in  the  public  schools; 
and  the  author  of  a  considerable  number 
of  Sunday  school  singing  books  and 
works  for  classes  and  musical  conven 
tions. 

AUGUSTUS,  JOHN,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  1785.  He  was  a  shoemaker, 
doing  business  in  Boston,  and  devoted  his 
means  and  his  labors  to  aiding  and  re 
claiming  the  poor  and  the  vicious.  For 
more  than  twenty  years  he  was  a  con 
stant  visitor  to  the  police  courts,  seeking 
subjects  for  his  charitable  efforts.  He 
died  June  21,  1859,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

AUHL,  MRS.  ALICE  B.,  florist,  poet. 
Her  poems  are  generally  on  floral  sub 
jects,  and  have  appeared  extensively  in 
the  press  of  Iowa.  She  is  also  the  au 
thor  of  a  work  on  the  subject  of  Flowers. 

AULD,  ISAAC  N.,  lawyer,  journalist, 
was  born  March  20,  1858,  in  Benton  coun 
ty,  Iowa.  He  graduated  from  the  Till- 
ford  Collegiate  academy  of  Vinton,  Iowa. 
In  1882  he  moved  to  Plankinton,  S.  D., 
where  he  was  city  auditor  for  three 
terms.  In  1892  he  moved  to  Oacoma,  and 
there  established  the  Gazette-Leader,  of 
which  he  is  editor  and  owner.  He  was 
twice  elected  register  of  deeds;  and  then 
became  state's  attorney  for  the  district 
comprising  five  adjoining  counties. 

AULICK,  JOHN  H.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1789,  in  Winchester.  Va.  In  1851 
he  was  empowered  to  obtain  permission 


to  purchase  supplies  for  the  United  States 
steamers  in  Japan,  and  to  negotiate  a 
treaty  of  amity  and  commerce  with  that 
empire;  and  commenced  the  important 
work  which  was  completed  by  Commo 
dore  M.  C.  Perry.  He  died  April  27,  1873, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

AULL,  ELBERT  H.,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1857,  in 
Newberry  county,  S.  C.  In  1880  he  grad 
uated  from  the  Newberry  college.  He 
taught  school  after  graduation,  and  for 
two  years  was  professor  in  the  Newberry 
college.  In  1882  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  for  three  years  practiced  that 
profession  with  success.  In  1886  he  be 
came  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  New- 
berry  Herald  News.  He  was  president 
of  the  South  Carolina  Press  association 
for  three  years;  and  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  historical  works;  a  School  History  of 
South  Carolina;  and  other  works. 

AULT,  JOHN  S.,  soldier,  lawyer,  was 
born  Jan.  3,  1841,  in  New  Philadelphia. 
Mo.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Illinois;  and  graduated 
from  the  Colonel  Wing  Law  school  of 
Salem,  Mo.  He  has  been  a  lieutenant  of 
cavalry,  justice  of  the  peace,  mayor  of 
Salem,  Mo.;  besides  filling  numerous 
other  offices  of  trust.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  able  lawyer  of  his  state. 

AULTMAN,  CORNELIUS,  manufactur 
er,  was  born  March  10,  1827.  In  1851  he 
entered  into  partnership  with  Ephraim 
Ball,  an  ingenious  inventor,  in  the  firm 
of  Ball,  Aultman  and  Co.,  and  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  the  plows  and 
stoves  patented  by  Mr.  Ball.  Being  a 
man  of  marked  executive  ability,  Mr. 
Aultman  devoted  his  attention  to  the  gen 
eral  affairs  of  the  firm,  while  Mr.  Ball 
continued  to  invent  new  devices,  which 
the  firm  took  charge  of  and  manufac 
tured.  The  Ohio  mower,  the  World 
mower  and  reaper,  the  Buckeye  inower, 
and  the  New  American  harvester  were 
brought  out  successively,  and  were  man 
ufactured  in  enormous  quantities.  After 
1872  the  style  was  changed  to  C.  Aultman 
and  Co.  Having  accumulated  more  means 
than  could  be  employed  to  advantage  in 
his  own  business,  Mr.  Aultman  invested 
his  surplus  resources  in  various  indus 
trial  concerns,  including  the  Wrought 
Iron  Bridge  company,  the  Mansfield 
Mower  and  Reaped  works,  and  Aultman, 
Miller  and  Co.,  of  Akron,  Ohio.  He  died 
Dec.  25,  1884,  in  Canton,  Ohio. 

AURINGER,  OBADIAH  CYRUS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  4,  1849,  in 
Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  New  York  state,  whose 
writings  in  verse  include  Scythe  and 
Sword;  The  Heart  of  the  Golden  Roan; 
The  Episode  of  Jane  McCrea;  and  The 
Book  of  the  Hills. 

AUSTEN,  PETER  TOWNSEND,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1852,  in 
Clifton,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  professor  of 
chemistry  at  Rutgers  college  since  1877; 
and  has  contributed  much  to  scientific 
journals,  and  published  Chemical  Lecture 
Notes;  and  Organic  Chemistry,  from  the 
German  of  Pinner. 

AUSTILL,  HURIEOSCO,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1843. 
in  Mobile,  Ala.,  which  has  always  been 
his  place  of  residence.  He  graduated 
from  the  university  of  Alabama,  and  soon 
attained  success  as  an  eminent  lawyer. 
Muring  the  war  he  served  as  a  captain  in 
the  confederate  army.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Alabama  state  senate,  and 
served  with  distinction  in  that  body. 

AUSTIN,  ARCHIBALD,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1817  to  1819. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


59 


AUSTIN,  ARTHUR  E.,  business  man 
legislator,  was  born  July  23,  1868,  in  Prov 
idence,  R.  I.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  said  city;  has  been  for 
the  past  two  years  a  member  of  the 
town  council,  and  representative  since 
1896;  and  in  1897  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Rhode  Island  state  legislature. 

AUSTIN,  ARTHUR  WILLIAMS,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1807,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Boston; 
and  the  author  of  The  Woman  and  the 
Queen;  and  Other  Specimens  of  Verse.  He 
died  in  1884. 

AUSTIN,  BENJAMIN,  merchant,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1752,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  merchant,  active 
as  a  political  writer,  and  an  especially 
violent  champion  of  democracy.  Consti 
tutional  Republicanism  is  a  collection  of 
some  of  his  contributions  to  the  news 
papers  of  his  day.  He  died  May  4,  1820, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

AUSTIN,  COE  FINCH,  botanist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  20,  1831,  in  Finch- 
ville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  botanist  of  Closter, 
N.  Y.;  and  published  Musci  Appalachani, 
a  description  of  American  mosses.  He 
died  March  18,  1880,  in  Closter,  N.  Y. 

AUSTIN,  DAVID,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1760  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1779; 
and  in  1788  was  settled  as  the  presbyte- 
rian  minister  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 
He  published  The  American  Preacher,  by 
various  ministers;  The  Downfall  of  Baby 
lon;  a  Commentary  on  the  Bible;  and 
several  millennial  pamphlets  and  ser 
mons.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1831,  in  Norwich, 
Conn. 

AUSTIN,  FREDERICK  ELLSWORTH, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1865, 
in  Taunton,  Mass.  He  served  in  the  city 
council  of  Taunton,  Mass.,  where  he  has 
attained  prominence  as  a  political  leader. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  as  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  state  legislature. 

AUSTIN,  GEORGE  CURTIS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  July  19,  1863,  in 
Saluria,  Pa.  He  is  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  New  York  city,  and  was 
until  recently  instructor  in  the  law  con 
tracts  at  the  New  York  Law  school.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  York 
assembly  in  1895. 

AUSTIN,  GEORGE  LOWELL,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  in  1849  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  Boston  physician 
whose  miscellaneous  writings  include 
Perils  of  American  Women,  a  Doctor's 
Talk  with  Maiden,  Wife,  and  Mother; 
Water  Analysis,  a  Handbook  for  Water- 
Drinkers;  Under  the  Tide;  Life  of  Franz 
Schubert:  Popular  History  of  Massachu 
setts;  Life  and  Deeds  of  General  Grant; 
Longfellow;  and  Life  of  Wendell  Phillips. 
He  died  in  1893. 

AUSTIN,  HARRIET  BUNKER,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1844,  in  Erie,  Pa. 
Her  great-grandfather,  Benjamin  Bunker, 
was  a  soldier  of  the  revolution,  and  was 
killed  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  The 
hill  from  which  the  battle  was  named 
comprised  part  of  the  Bunker  estate.  She 
received  her  education  in  the  Woodstock 
High  school  and  Dr.  Todd's  Female  semi 
nary.  She  has  been  a  prolific  writer; 
and  many  of  her  poems  have  been  set  to 
music.  She  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  W.  B. 
Austin,  a  prosperous  merchant  of  Wood 
stock,  111.,  in  which  city  she  lends  her  in 
fluence  to  every  reform. 

AUSTIN,  HELEN  VICKROY,  journal 
ist,  horticulturist,  was  born  in  1829,  in 
Miamisburg,  Ohio.  As  a  writer  of  sketch 
es  and  essays,  and  as  a  reporter  and  cor 
respondent  she  has  exhibited  marked  ca 
pacity;  but  she  is  best  known  by  her 


writings  for  the  agricultural  and   horti 
cultural  press. 

AUSTIN,  HENRY,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1856  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  Boston,  who  has  written  The 
Law  Concerning  Farms;  American  Farm 
and  Game  Laws;  American  Fish  and 
Game  Laws;  and  Liquor  Law  in  New 
England. 

AUSTIN,  HENRY  WILLARD,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  in  1858.  He  is  a  jour 
nalist  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  Vaga 
bond  Verses. 

AUSTIN,  HORACE,  soldier,  '  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor  of  Minnesota,  was  born 
in  1831  in  Connecticut.  He  received  an 
academic  education;  taught  school;  re 
moved  to  Maine,  and  there  studied  law. 
In  1856  he  removed  to  Minnesota,  where 
he  practiced  his  profession.  He  served 
as  a  captain  against  the  Indians  in  1863; 
in  1864  was  elected  a  district  judge;  in 
1869  was  elected  governor  of  Minnesota, 
and  re-elected  for  a  second  term.  On  ac 
count  of  his  health  he  retired  to  private 
life  until  1876,  when  he  was  appointed 
third  auditor  of  the  United  States  treas 
ury  in  Washington. 

AUSTIN,  JAMES  TRECOTHICK,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1784,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Boston,  and  published  a  Life  of  Elbridge 
Gerry.  He  died  May  8,  1870,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

AUSTIN,  JANE  GOODWIN,  novelist, 
was  born  Feb.  25,  1831,  in  Worcester, 
Mass.  She  was  the  author  of  Standish  of 
Standish;  Betty  Alden;  The  Nameless 
Nobleman;  Dr.  LeBaron  and  His  Daugh 
ters;  and  various  other  works.  She  was 
also  the  author  of  numerous  meritorious 
poems;  and  her  contributions  to  the  lit 
erature  of  early  New  England  possess  a 
rare  value.  She  died  March  30,  1894,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

AUSTIN,  JONATHAN  LORING,  patriot, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1748,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1766,  and  became  a  merchant  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  He  was  secretary  to  the 
Massachusetts  board  of  war  until  October, 
1777,  and  was  sent  to  France  with  dis 
patches  to  Dr.  Franklin  announcing  the 
defeat  of  Burgoyne  and  asking  for 
clothing  and  stores  for  the  army.  He 
was  a  state  senator  for  several  terms, 
and  elected  state  treasurer,  and  subse 
quently  secretary  of  state.  He  died  May 
10,  1826,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

AUSTIN,  JONATHAN  WILLIAMS, 
soldier,  was  born  April  18,  1751,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1769;  studied  law  in  the  office  of  John 
Adams,  and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1772. 
In  the  Middlesex  convention  in  1774  he 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  that  drew 
up  the  resolutions.  He  served  as  a  ma 
jor  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  was 
commandant  at  Castle  William  in  1776. 
He  died  in  1778  in  the  south. 

AUSTIN,  MOSES.  Texan  pioneer,  was 
born  in  Durham,  Conn.  He  removed  to 
the  west  in  1798,  and  engaged  in  lead 
mining.  In  1820  he  went  to  Texas,  and 
from  Bexar  forwarded  to  the  Mexican 
commandant  at  Monterey  a  petition  for 
permission  to  colonize  three  hundred 
American  families  in  that  section.  Re 
turning  to  Missouri  in  search  of  emi 
grants,  he  was  robbed  and  exposed  to 
hardships  that  caused  his  death.  The 
Mexican  authorities  granted  a  tract  of 
land  for  a  colony,  and  his  son,  Stephen 
F.  Austin,  founded  the  settlement.  He 
died  June  10,  1821,  in  Louisiana. 

AUSTIN,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1760, 


in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  of  Worcester,  Mass, 
1790-1815,  and  afterwards  president  of  the 
University  of  Vermont.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Views  of  the  Church;  Theolog 
ical  Essays;  and  Letters  on  Baptism.  He 
died  Dec.  4,  1830,  in  Glastonbury,  Conn. 

AUSTIN,  STEPHEN  F.,  founder  of  the 
state  of  Texas,  was  born  about  1790.  In 
1821  he  conducted  a  party  of  emigrants 
from  New  Orleans  to  take  possession  of 
a  tract  of  land  granted  to  his  father  by 
the  Mexican  government,  and  they  set 
tled  where  the  city  of  Austin  now  stands. 
In  1833  the  Texas  colonists  formed  a  con 
stitution,  and  applied  for  admission  to 
the  Mexican  confederacy,  but  Mexico  be 
ing  in  a  state  of  anarchy,  he  failed  to 
find  recognition.  In  1835  he  went  as  com 
missioner  to  the  United  States  to  promote 
the  liberation  of  Texas  from  Mexico,  but 
did  not  live  to  see  it  admitted  into  the 
Union.  He  died  Dec.  27,  1836,  in  Texas. 

AUSTIN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  March  2,  1778,  in  Charlestown. 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  lawyer  whose 
best  claim  to  remembrance  is  that  he  was 
author  of  the  famous  sketch  Peter  Rugg, 
the  Missing  Man,  which  appeared  in  the 
New  England  Galaxy  in  1824.  It  is  a 
very  remarkable  imaginative  study  that 
in  some  respects  anticipates  the  later 
work  of  Hawthorne.  Other  works  of  his 
are  Letters  from  London;  and  The  Hu 
man  Character  of  Jesus  Christ.  He  died 
June  27,  1841,  in  Charlestown,  Mass. 

AUSTIN,  WILLIAM  HARVEY,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1859,  in 
Binghamton,  N.  Y.  He  came  to  Wiscon 
sin  in  the  spring  of  1869  and  settled  at 
Portage  City;  moved  to  Milwaukee  in 
1871,  where  he  has  practiced  law  since 
1879.  In  1880  and  1881  he  was  assistant 
district  attorney  for  Milwaukee  county; 
was  school  commissioner  in  1889;  and  was 
appointed  assistant  city  attorney  of  the 
eity  of  Milwaukee  in  1890;  and  was  city 
attorney  in  1891.  In  the  fall  of  1892  he 
was  elected  to  the  Wisconsin  state  assem 
bly  upon  the  republican  ticket  from  the 
fifteenth  and  sixteenth  wards;  he  was  the 
unanimous  choice  of  his  party  for  speaker 
during  the  session  of  1893.  in  the  fall  of 
1894  he  was  elected  state  senator. 

AUSTRIAN,  JOSEPH,  merchant,  was 
born  Sept.  15,  1833,  in  Bavaria.  About 
1882  the  interests  were  consolidated  un 
der  the  name  of  the  Lake  Michigan  and 
Lake  Superior  Transportation  company, 
Mr.  Austrian  being  elected  the  general 
manager,  which  office  he  yet  holds.  The 
company  now  operates  six  excellent 
steamers.  The  magnificent  Manitou,  the 
finest  steel  passenger  steamer  on  the 
lakes,  was  added  to  the  fleet  in  1893.  Mr. 
Austrian  has  an  interest  in  the  Mastodon 
Iron  company,  near  Crystal  Falls,  Mich., 
of  which  he  has  always  been  secretary 
and  treasurer. 

AVANN,  ELLA  H.  BROCKWAY,  edu 
cator,  was  born  May  20,  1853,  in  Newaygo, 
Mich.  In  1871  she  graduated  from  the 
Albion  college  of  Michigan;  and  subse 
quently  became  preceptress  of  that  insti 
tution.  She  filled  the  chair  of  English 
literature  and  also  lectured  on  the  his 
tory  of  music.  For  ten  years  she  was 
president  of  the  Woman's  Foreign  Mis 
sionary  society;  makes  frequent  contri 
butions  to  the  religious  press;  and  holds 
official  positions  in  various  literary,  social 
and  benevolent  societies. 

AVER,  HENRY  OGDEN,  architect,  was 
born  Jan.  31,  1852,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
He  designed  monuments  and  mortuary 
chapels,  as  well  as  houses  of  very  notable 
excellence.  He  died  April  30,  1890,  in  New 
York  city. 


60 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OK    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


AVHRELL,  WILLIAM  WOODS,  soldier, 
was  born  Nov.  5,  1832,  in  Cameron,  N.  Y. 
He  was  engaged  with  the  army  of  the  Po- 

tomac    in    its    most 

^^•M^^  important  cam- 
F^k  paigns.  In  March, 
•k  1863,  he  began  the 
,  series  of  cavalry 
MMflh  1  I  raids  in  western  Vir- 
'  ginia  that  made  his 
•  name  famous.  He 
started  with  a  force 
of  5,000  men  and 
drove  the  confeder 
ates  out  of  Green- 
brier  county,  captur 
ing  three  guns  and 
about  one  hundred  prisoners.  In  De 
cember  he  was  again  in  motion,  advanc 
ing  with  a  strong  force  into  southwest 
ern  Virginia.  In  Dec.  16  he  struck  the 
Virginia  and  Tennessee  railroad  at  Sa 
lem,  Gen.  Longstreet's  base  of  supplies 
He  destroyed  the  railroad,  severing  an 
important  line  of  communication  between 
the  confederate  generals  Lee  and  Bragg, 
and  burned  a  large  quantity  of  provis 
ions,  clothing,  and  military  equipments. 

AVERETT,  THOMAS  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  resident 
of  Halifax  county;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  the  third 
district  in  that  state,  from  1849  to  1853. 

AVERILL,  JOHN  T.,  manufacturer, 
general,  state  senafor,  congressman,  was 
born  March  1,  1825,  in  Alna,  Maine.  He 
completed  his  studies  at  the  Maine  \Ves- 
leyan  university;  was  a  manufacturer; 
and  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  of 
Minnesota  in  1858-59.  He  entered  the 
union  army  in  1862  as  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  sixth  Minnesota  infantry,  and  was 
mustered  out  in  1865,  as  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-second  and  forty-third  congresses. 

AVERY,  ALEXANDER  R.,  lawyer  was 
born  Nov.  14,  1846,  in  Canada.  He  began 
the  practice  of  law  at  Port  Huron,  Mich.; 
and  was  appointed  city  attorney  in  1876; 
was  prosecuting  attorney  in  1884-87;  and 
in  1891  he  was  appointed  postmaster;  and 
in  1881  was  elected  great  commander  of 
the  order  of  the  Knights  of  Maccabees. 

AVERY,  ALIDA  CORNELIA,  physician 
was  born  June  11,  1833,  in  Sherburne,  N. 
Y.  She  taught  in  sundry  schools  in  New 
York  state;  was  resident  physician  and 
professor  of  physiology  and  hygiene  in 
Vassar  college  from  1865-74;  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Colorado  State  Suffrage  asso 
ciation  in  1876-77. 

AVERY,  ALPHONSO  CALHOUN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  borh  Sept.  11, 
1837.  in  Morganton,  N.  C.  He  entered  the 
army  in  1861,  and  was  commissioned  first 
lieutenant;  in  1862  was  elected  captain; 
and  the  same  year  was  appointed  major 
and  assistant  adjutant-general.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  resumed  the  practice 
of  law,  and  in  1888  he  was  nominated  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
North  Carolina  for  a  term  of  eight  years. 

AVERY,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1801,  in 
Aurora,  N.  Y.  The  principal  products  of 
his  industry  were  cotton  sweeps,  and 
chilled,  wheel  gang,  shovel,  steel,  subsoil 
and  sulky  plows.  The  old  firm  are  now 
incorporated  with  a  capital  of  $1,500,000, 
the  stock  being  owned  almost  wholly  by 
the  Avery  family.  The  founder  was  a 
man  of  great  force  of  character  and  busi 
ness  genius  and  became  one  of  the  most 
highly  regarded  citizens  of  Louisville, 
Ky. 

AVERY,  BENJAMIN  PARKE.  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1829,  In  New  York 


city.  He  was  a  Californian  journalist 
who  was  appointed  minister  to  China  in 
1874;  and  was  the  author  of  Californian 
Pictures  in  Prose  and  Verse.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  San  Francisco  Art 
association.  He  died  on  Nov.  8,  1875, 
in  Pekin,  China. 

AVERY,  CATHARINE  HITCHCOCK 
TILDEN,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
13,  1844,  in  Monroe,  Mich.  In  1867  she 
graduated  from  the  Framingham  Nor 
mal  school  of  Massachusetts;  and  at 
tained  success  in  educational  work.  In 
1870  she  was  married  to  Dr.  Leroy  M. 
Avery,  the  author  of  a  series  of  text 
books  on  natural  philosophy  and  chem 
istry.  She  is  president  of  the  East  End 
Conversational  club  of  Cleveland,  Ohio; 
and  has  held  high  positions  in  various 
organizations  of  that  city. 

AVERY,  DANIEL,  congressman,  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Cayuga 
county  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1811  to  1815;  and  again  from  1816  to 
1817. 

AVERY,  ELROY  McKENDREE,  Ph.  D., 
LL.  D.,  soldier,  journalist,  legislator,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  14,  1844,  in  Erie, 
Mich.  He  served  with 
distinction  through 
the  civil  war;  en 
listed  in  the  first 
company  that  went 
from  Monroe  to  the 
front,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  sergeant- 
major.  During  his 
military  service  he 
also  acted  as  corre 
spondent  of  the  De 
troit  Daily  Tribune. 
In  18 1 1  he  graduated 
from  the  university  of  Michigan;  ami 
during  his  collegiate  course  was  engaged 
in  journalistic  work.  Early  in  life  he 
taught  school,  and  in  1871  became  super 
intendent  of  public  schools  of  East  Cleve 
land,  Ohio;  then  principal  of  the  East 
High  school,  and  subsequently  of  the 
Normal  school.  In  1893  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  legislature, 
and  received  the  re-election  in  1895.  He 
is  the  author  of  Avery's  Elements  of 
Physics;  Avery's  Elements  of  Natural 
Philosophy;  School  Physics;  Element 
ary  Physics;  and  First  Lessons  in 
Physical  Science.  For  the  past  ten  years 
he  has  given  most  of  his  time  to  the 
preparation  of  a  Popular  History  of  the 
United  States,  soon  to  be  published  in 
eight  octavo  volumes,  with  maps  and 
illustrations. 

AVERY,  ISAAC  WHEELER,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  May  2,  1837, 
i»  St.  Augustine,  Fla.  He  held  a  success 
ful  law  practice  in  Dalton,  Ga.,  but  im 
1869  removed  to  Atlanta  and  became  the 
chief  editor  of  the  Atlanta  Constitution. 
He  is  the  author  of  Digest  of  the  Georgia 
Supreme  Court  Reports;  and  a  History  of 
Georgia. 

AVERY,  JOHN,  physician,  surgeon, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  29,  1824,  In 
Watertown,  N.  Y.  He  removed  to  Michi 
gan  in  1836;  graduated  from  Cleveland 
Medical  college  in  1850,  and  has  been  in 
the  active  practice  of  his  profession  since 
that  time.  He  was  assistant  surgeon  and 
surgeon  of  the  twenty-first  Michigan  in 
fantry;  served  in  the  army  of  the  Cum 
berland  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  and 
was  with  Sherman  on  his  march  to  the 
sea.  He  was  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature  from  Montcalm  county  in  1869- 
70;  was  appointed  member  of  the  state 
board  of  health  in  1880  and  reappointed 
in  1886,  and  for  the  last  six  years  has  been 
president  of  the  board.  He  has  been  a 
United  States  pension  examiner  for  the 


last  sixteen  years,  member  of  the  Stanton 
board  of  United  States  examiners  for  six 
years,  and  president  of  the  board  for  the 
last  three  years;  has  been  member  of  the 
school  board  and  common  council  of 
the  city  of  Greenville;  and  has  been 
annually  elected  for  twelve  years  su 
pervisor  of  the  first  ward.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

AVERY,  OMER  H.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  April  3,  1854,  in  Lincoln  county, 
Mo.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  the  state  university;  elect 
ed  public  administrator  of  Lincoln  coun 
ty  in  1880,  and  prosecuting  attorney  in 
1888;  and  was  a  member  of  the  thirty- 
eighth  and  thirty-ninth  general  assembly 
of  the  Missouri  state  legislature. 

AVERY,  OSCAR  F.,  soldier,  legislator, 
was  born  Nov.  19,  1841,  in  Hillsdale  coun 
ty,  Mich.,  and  entered  Hillsdale  college  in 
1860.  In  1861  he  left  school  and  enlisted 
in  the  eleventh  Michigan  infantry,  com 
pany  B,  and  served  until  November,  1865, 
when  he  was  mustered  out.  He  partici 
pated  in  the  battles  of  Stone  River  and 
Chickamauga.  He  has  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state 
legislature. 

AVERY,  RACHEL  FOSTER,  woman 
suffragist,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1858,  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.  In  1871  she  became  identified 
with  the  Citizens'  Suffrage  association  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1881  she  planned 
the  series  of  ten  conventions  to  be  held 
in  the  different  New  England  states;  in 
1882  she  conducted  the  Nebraska  amend 
ment  campaign;  and  in  1883  went  to 
Europe  with  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  trav 
eled  through  nearly  all  the  European 
countries  in  the  interests  of  woman  suf 
frage.  She  is  at  the  head  of  almost  every 
movement  of  the  National  Woman  Suf 
frage  association;  and  contributes  ex 
tensively  to  current  literature. 

AVERY,  ROSA  MILLER,  reformer,  was 
born  May  21,  1830,  in  Madison,  Ohio. 
During  the  years  of  the  war  her  pen 
was  actively  engaged  in  writing  for  vari 
ous  journals  on  the  subject  of  union  and 
emancipation.  For  nearly  twenty  years 
she  has  resided  in  Chicago,  and  many  of 
her  ably-written  articles  and  responses 
to  the  opponents  of  franchise  for  women 
have  appeared  from  time  to  time  in  the 
Chicago  Inter  Ocean. 

AVERY,  SAMUEL  P.,  artist,  was  born 
March  17,  1822,  in  New  York  city.  He 
founded  the  Avery  Architectural  library 
at  Columbia  college,  New  York  city;  and 
is  the  author  of  an  article  entitled  Prog 
ress  of  the  Fine  Arts  in  New  York  Dur 
ing  Fifty  Years. 

AVERY,  WAITSTILL,  lawyer,  patriot, 
was  born  May  3,  1745,  in  Groton,  Conn. 
In  1775,  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  congress 
at  Hillsborough  which  organized  the  mili 
tary  force  of  the  state.  In  the  summer  of 
1776,  he  joined  the  army  of  Gen.  Ruther 
ford  in  the  Cherokee  nation,  and  was  a 
commissioner  at  the  treaty  of  Holston, 
which  gave  peace  to  the  western  frontier. 
In  the  fall  of  1776,  he  was  again  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  congress.  In  1781  he 
moved  to  Burke  county,  which  he  repre 
sented  many  years  in  the  state  legislature. 
He  was  the  first  state  attorney-general  of 
North  Carolina  in  1777.  He  died  March 
15,  1821,  in  Burke  county.  N.  C. 

AVERY,  WILLIAM  T.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1819,  in 
Maury  county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession;  was  elected  to  the  legislature 
of  Tennessee  in  1843;  and  held  several 
creditable  positions  in  his  native  state. 
He  was  chosen  a  representative  to  the 
thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  congresses. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


AVERY,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  25,  1816,  in  Suan 
Ponds,  N.  C.  He  was  speaker  of  the 
North  Carolina  senate  in  1856;  and  was 
again  elected  in  1860.  In  1861  he  was  elect 
ed  by  the  convention  as  one  of  the  mem 
bers  from  the  state  at  large  of  the  provis 
ional  congress  of  the  confederate  states. 
He  died  July  3,  1864,  in  Morgantown,  N.  C. 

AX,  CHRISTIAN,  manufacturer,  was 
born  Nov.  12,  1823,  in  Prussia.  Coming 
to  America  in  1851  he  was  employed  as 
a  traveling  salesman  by  George  W.  Gail, 
manufacturer  of  smoking  tobacco,  to 
whom  he  proved  so  valuable  an  aid  that, 
in  1855,  Mr.  Gail  admitted  him  to  partner 
ship.  The  firm  of  G.  W.  Gail  and  Ax 
developed  during  the  life  of  Mr.  Ax  one 
of  the  largest  manufacturing  plants  of  its 
class  in  the  country.  It  is  now  identified 
with  The  American  Tobacco  Co.  He 
died  March  20,  1887. 

AXTELL,  JOHN  T.,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  Aug.  11,  1856,  in  Roseville,  111. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  common  schools  of  Kansas; 
in  1879-80  attended  the  university  of 
Michigan;  and  in  1883  graduated  from 
the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  college. 
For  many  years  he  filled  the  chair  of 
orthopedic  surgery  in  the  college  of  Phy 
sicians  and  Surgeons  (university  of  Kan 
sas  City).  He  is  the  proprietor  of  the 
Axtell  hospital  of  Newton,  Kan.,  and 
one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in  the 
medical  profession  of  that  state. 

AXTELL,  SAMUEL  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  14, 
1819,  in  Franklin  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
educated  at  Oberlin,  and  Western  Reserve 
colleges;  studied  and  practiced  law;  emi 
grated  to  California  in  1851;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state 
to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses. 
In  1874  he  was  appointed  governor  of 
Utah;  in  1875  was  appointed  to  the  same 
position  in  New  Mexico;  in  1876  was 
selected  as  one  of  the  judges  at  the  Cen 
tennial  exhibition;  and  in  1882  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  New  Mexico. 

AYCRIGG,  JOHN  B.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  Jer 
sey  from  1837  to  1839,  and  again  from 
1841  to  1843.  In  1844  he  was  a  presidential 
elector;  and  was  a  candidate  for  election 
to  the  twenty-sixth  congress. 

AYER,  FRANKLIN  DEMING,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1832,  in 
St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  He  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  col  1  e  g  e 
and  the  Andover 
Theological  semin 
ary.  He  was  or 
dained  in  1861.  and 
has  filled  pastorates 
in  the  congregation 
al  church  at  Milford, 
N.  H.,  during  1861- 
67;  and  at  the 
First  Congregational 
church  at  Concord 
since  1867.  During 
1871-80  he  was  secre 
tary  of  the  New  Hampshire  General  as 
sociation;  is  trustee  of  the  New  Hamp 
shire  Home  Missionary  society;  presi 
dent  of  the  New  Hampshire  Prisoners' 
Aid  society  since  1881;  and  moderator  of 
the  General  association  of  New  Hamp 
shire  since  1887.  He  is  the  author  of 
History  of  the  First  Church  of  Concord, 
N.  H.;  several  published  sermons;  and 
many  articles  in  current  literature.  His 
chnrch  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  strongest 
in  the  state. 


AYER,  FREDERICK,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Dec.  8,  1822,  in  Ledyard,  Conn. 
In  1855  Mr.  Ayer  retired  to  join  his 
brother  in  the  manufacture  of  Ayer's  Pro 
prietary  Medicines  in  the  firm  of  J.  C. 
Ayer  and  Co.,  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  was 
made  treasurer  of  the  company.  In  1885 
he  bought  The  Washington  Mills  of  Law 
rence;  was  president  for  the  first  year, 
and  has  been  treasurer  ever  since.  The 
company  employs  three  thousand  two 
hundred  hands. 

AYER,    FREDERICK   FANNING,   law 
yer,   was  born  Sept.  12,  1851,  in  Lowell, 
Mass.     Upon   his  father's   death   in   1878 
Mr.  Ayer  became  the 
^W""'  manager  of  the  great 

Jf  properties  which  his 

father    had    created. 
j^mA        He      nas      displayed 
business  ability  of  a 
.'  .  _  M        high   order,   and   his 

previous  legal  train 
ing  '  has  aided  to 
make  him  a  success 
ful  financier.  Among 
many  philanthropic 
acts,  it  is  told  of  him 
that  in  1890  he  gave 
$5,000  for  books  for  a  public  library  in 
the  town  house  of  Ayer,  and  later  built 
r'or  the  town  the  Ayer  Memorial  Library 
building,  at  a  cost  of  about  $40,000.  He  is 
a  director  of  The  Lake  Superior  Ship 
Canal  Railway  and  Iron  Co.,  The  Portage 
Lake  and  River  Improvement  Co.,  The 
Lowell  and  Andover  railroad,  The  J.  C. 
Ayer  Co.,  The  Tribune  association  in 
New  York,  and  the  Tremont  and  Suffolk 
mills. 

AYER,  HARRIET  HUBBARD,  business 
woman,  journalist,  was  born  in  1852,  in 
Chicago,  111.  She  graduated  from  the 
convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart.  She  be 
came  a  business  woman  of  the  highest 
type  in  New  York  city;  and  rapidly  made 
a  fortune  from  her  Recamier  preparation. 
The  Recamier  company,  of  which  she  Is 
the  president  and  chief  owner,  now  oc 
cupies  a  five-story  building  in  New  York 
city,  and  employs  nearly  a  hundred  people. 

AYER,  JAMES  COOK,  manufacturer, 
was  born  May  5,  1818,  in  Groton,  Conn., 
which  city  now  bears  the  name  of  Led 
yard.  He  has  become  famous  as  a  manu 
facturer  of  proprietary  medicines,  and  as 
an  organizer  and  financier.  In  his  veins 
ran  the  blood  of  old  American  families, 
distinguished  for  personal  character  and 
active  interest  in  public  affairs.  Freder 
ick  Ayer,  his  father,  who  served  as  a  sol 
dier  of  the  war  of  1812  and  died  in  1825, 
was  a  son  of  Elisha  Ayer,  a  hero  of  the 
American  revolution.  Ayer's  Almanac 
was  given  away  by  the  millions  of  copies. 
The  principal  remedies  prepared  by  Dr. 
Ayer  were  his  Cherry  Pectoral,  Sarsapar- 
illa,  Ague  Cure,  Hair  Vigor,  and  Pills. 
A  large  laboratory  was  built  to  accommo 
date  the  growing  manufacture,  and  was 
expanded  until  it  gave  employment  to 
nearly  three  hundred  persons.  In  1874 
he  received  the  republican  nomination  for 
congress.  He  left  a  fortune  of  twenty 
million  dollars.  He  died  July  3,  1878,  in 
Winchendon,  Mass. 

AYER,  JOHN  A.,  banker,  was  born  Aug. 
2  1847,  in  Jacksonville,  111.  He  attended 
the  Illinois  college;  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  business  affairs  in  his  native  city; 
where  he  is  a  prominent  banker. 

AYER,  RICHARD  S.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1829,  in  Waldo 
county,  Maine.  He  engaged  in  agricultur 
al  and  mercantile  pursuits;  at  the  break 
ing  out  of  the  rebellion  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  fourth  Maine  volunteers, 
and  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy,  which 


position  he  held  for  three  years,  serving 
at  the  first  battles  of  Bull  Run,  Seven 
Pines,  and  Malvern  Hill.  In  1865  he  re 
moved  to  Virginia;  in  1867  was  elected  a 
delegate  to  the  Virginia  constitutional 
convention;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
first  congress. 

AYLSWORTH,  WILLIAM  PRINCE, 
clergyman,  theologian,  was  born  Dec.  12, 
1844,  in  Cuba,  111.  He  attended  the  Chi 
cago  university  and  Bethany  college,  re 
ceiving  the  degrees  of  B.  A.  and  M.  A. 
from  the  latter  institution,  and  LL.  D. 
from  Cotner  university.  He  has  held  pas 
torates  at  Angola  and  Fort  Wayne,  Ind., 
and  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  was  president 
of  the  Fairfield  college,  and  is  now  presi 
dent  of  Cotner  university  of  Lincoln,  Neb. 

AYRES,  ALFRED,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  26,  18—  in  Montrose,  Ohio.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Orthoepist;  The  Verbal 
ist;  The  Mentor;  Acting  and  Actors;  and 
The  Essentials  of  Elocution.  He  has  also 
attained  success  as  a  dramatist  and  actor. 

AYRES,  ANNE,  author,  was  born  in 
1816,  in  England.  She  was  the  first  mem 
ber  of  an  American  sisterhood  in  the 
protestant  episcopal  church,  becoming  a 
sister  of  the  Holy  Communion  in  1845. 
She  was  the  author  of  Evangelical  Sister 
hoods;  and  Life  of  W.  H.  Muhlenberg. 
She  died  in  1896. 

AYRES,  ROMEYN  BECK,  soldier,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1825,  in  East  Creek,  N.  Y. 
He  served  during  the  civil  war,  and  in 
1864  was  made  major-general  of  volun 
teers,  for  conspicuous  gallantry  in  the 
battles  of  the  Virginia  campaign.  He  died 
Dec.  4,  1888,  in  Fort  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


BAART,  P.  A.,  priest,  was  born  in  1858 
in  Coldwater,  Mich.  In  1881  he  was  or 
dained  to  the  priesthood;  and  in  1890  was 
appointed  one  of  the  four  irremovable 
rectors  of  the  Detroit  diocese,  and  also 
chosen  one  of  the  examiners  of  the  clergy. 

BABB,  WASHINGTON  I.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1844,  in  Des  Moines, 
Iowa.  He  graduated  from  the  Wesleyan 
university.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Iowa  state  legislature;  has  served  as 
district  judge  of  the  second  judicial  dis 
trict;  and  was  the  democratic  candidate 
for  governor  of  Iowa  in  1895. 

BABBITT,  B.  T.,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  1809,  in  Westmoreland,  N.  Y.  He 
discovered  a  new  process  for  making  sal- 
eratus  at  a  great  saving  of  cost,  and  in 
a  few  years  acquired  control  of  the  trade 
of  the  whole  country.  He  also  manufac 
tured  soda  and  potash.  In  1858  he  began 
the  manufacture  of  soap,  from  which  he 
amassed  a  fortune.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1889, 
in  New  York.  . 

BABBITT,  CLINTON,  farmer,  public 
official,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  16, 
1831,  in  Westmoreland,  N.  H.  He  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education  and 
graduated  from  Keene  academy,  New 
Hampshire;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in 
1853;  is  by  occupation  a  farmer  and 
breeder  of  blooded  stock,  and  resides  on 
his  farm,  giving  his  personal  attention  to 
that  business.  He  was  for  several  years 
secretary  of  Wisconsin  State  Agricultural 
society;  was  elected  alderman,  and  was 
one  of  the  members  of  the  first  city  coun 
cil  of  Beloit.  He  was  appointed  post 
master  of  Beloit  in  1886;  was  democratic 
candidate  for  congress  in  1880;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

BABBITT,  EDWIN  B.,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1802  in  Connecticut.  He  was  hre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  for  his  services 
on  March  13,  1865.  He  died  Dec.  10,  1881, 
in  Fortress  Monroe. 


62 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BABBITT,  ELIJAH,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1796  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
He  was  prosecuting  attorney  for  the  state 
in  1833;  served  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1836  and  1837;  was  a  state  senator  in 
1844  and  1845;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  and  thirty-seventh  congresses. 

BABBITT,  ISAAC,  inventor,  was  born 
July  26,  1799,  in  Taunton,  Mass.  In  1839, 
he  discovered  the  now  well-known  anti 
friction  metal  that  bears  his  name  and  is 
so  extensively  used  in  lining  boxes  for 
axles  and  gudgeons.  For  this  invention 
he  received  in  1841  a  gold  medal  from  the 
Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanics'  as 
sociation,  and  afterward  congress  granted 
him  |20,000.  He  was  also  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  soap.  He  died  May  26, 
1862,  in  Somerville,  Mass. 

BABCOCK,  ALFRED,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1841  to  1843. 

BABCOCK,  CHARLES  A.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  June  12,  1833,  in  New  York  city. 
While  co-operating  with  the  army  on  the 
James,  York  and  Pamunkey  rivers,  he 
defeated  the  confederates  in  several  ac 
tions.  He  was  afterward  attache'd  to  the 
Pensacola  navy  yard,  and  in  1868-69  com 
manded  the  steamer  Nyack  of  the  South 
Pacific  squadron.  He  died  June  29,  1876, 
in  New  Orleans,  La. 

BABCOCK,  CHARLES  ALMANZO,  edu 
cator,  scientist,  was  born  in  1849.  He 
graduated  from  Hamilton  college,  and  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  A.  M.  and  LL.  B. 
He  has  filled  the  chair  of  science  in  the 
New  York  State  Normal  school;  and  has 
been  superintendent  of  schools  of  Oil  City, 
Pa.  He  has  lectured  on  scientific  subjects, 
and  contributed  valuable  articles  on  sci 
ence  to  current  literature.  He  is  the  or 
iginator  and  founder  of  bird  day  in  the 
schools  of  America;  and  is  a  member  of 
the  British  Astronomical  association. 

BABCOCK,  ELNORA  MONROE,  woman 
suffragist,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1852,  in 
Columbus,  Pa.  In  1870  she  was  married 
to  Prof.  John  W.  Babcock  of  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.,  and  now  superintendent  of  public 
schools  in  Dunkirk.  She  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Dunkirk  club;  was  elected 
president  of  the  Chautauqua  County  Polit 
ical  Equality  club,  of  which  she  still  holds 
the  presidency.  In  1891  she  had  the  honor 
of  presiding  over  the  first  woman  suffrage 
meeting  ever  held  at  the  great  Chautau 
qua  assembly. 

BABCOCK,  EMMA  WHITCOMB,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  24,  1849,  in  Adams, 
N.  Y.  She  is  the  wife  of  Prof.  C.  A.  Bab- 
cock,  superintendent  of  schools  of  Oil 
City,  Pa.  She  has  done  considerable  work 
as  book  reviewer;  has  contributed  to 
various  leading  magazines;  and  is  the 
author  of  Household  Hints;  A  Mother's 
Note  Book;  and  other  works.  She  is 
president  of  a  literary  club  well  known 
In  western  Pennsylvania,  which  has 
founded  a  public  library. 

BABCOCK,  FRANCIS  GRANGER, 
banker,  legislator,  was  born  in  1831,  In 
Pharsalia,  N.  Y.  He  purchased  large 
tracts  of  land  with  reference  to  their 
value  as  timber  land,  which  turned  out 
to  be  petroleum  producing.  In  1875  he 
established  The  Bank  of  Hornellsville, 
and  is  the  owner  of  the  celebrated  Bab- 
cock  Stock  Farms.  In  1853  he  was  elected 
to  the  legislature. 

BABCOCK,  GEORGE  HERMAN,  in 
ventor,  engineer,  manufacturer,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1832.  The 
Babcock  and  Wilcox  boilers  have  been 
the  most  extensively  built  and  sold  of 


all  devices  of  this  nature.  Large  works 
for  their  production  have  been  built  In 
Elizabeth,  N.  J.  Works  have  been  estab 
lished  in  the  city  of  Glasgow,  from  which 
the  markets  of  the  world  are  supplied.  He 
died  Dec.  20,  1894,  near  Otsego,  N.  Y. 

BABCOCK,  HARMON  SEELEY,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  poet,  author, was  born  April 
11,  1849,  in  Lebanon,  R.  I.  In  1874  he 
graduated  from  the  Brown  university 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  and  was  valedic 
torian  of  his  class.  In  1877  received  the 
degree  of  A.  M.,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  the  same  year.  For  three  years  he 
was  superintendent  of  public  schools  of 
East  Providence,  R.  I.;  was  town  solicitor 
for  two  years;  and  since  1890  has  been 
coroner.  He  taught  two  years  in  the 
University  Grammar  school  of  East  Provi 
dence,  and  for  one  year  in  the  Brown 
university  as  instructor  in  logic.  He  has 
delivered  poems  at  annual  conventions  of 
various  associations  and  reunions,  and  is 
the  author  of  two  volumes  of  poems,  en 
titled  Trifles,  and  The  Friendship  of 
Learning.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Poultry  association;  vice- 
president  of  the  American  Poultry  asso 
ciation;  editor  of  the  Standard  of  Per 
fection;  and  is  the  author  of  several 
works  on  poultry. 

BABCOCK,  HELEN  LOUISE  B.,  edu 
cator,  elocutionist,  was  born  Aug.  13, 
1867,  in  Galva,  111.  She  graduated  from 
the  Cumnock  School  of  Oratory  of  the 
Northwestern  university,  and  subsequent 
ly  became  an  instructor  in  that  institu 
tion.  She  then  taught  elocution  in  the 
Mount  Vernon  seminary  of  Washington, 
D.  C.;  and  has  attained  prominence  as  a 
dramatic  reader.  In  1891  she  was  mar 
ried  to  Dr.  F.  C.  Babcock,  a  successful 
physician  of  Hastings,  Neb. 

BABCOCK,  JAMES  F.,  journalist,  jur 
ist,  legislator,  was  born  in  1809  in  Con 
necticut.  He  began  newspaper  work  at 
an  early  age,  and  in  1830  became  editor  of 
the  New  Haven  Palladium,  which  soon  be 
gan  to  issue  a  daily  edition  and  which  he 
conducted  for  thirty-one  years.  He  was 
nominated  for  congress,  and  was  elected 
by  the  democrats  to  the  state  legislature 
in  1873.  The  legislature  of  1874  elected 
him  judge  of  the  police  court  of  New 
Haven.  He  died  June  18,  1874,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

BABCOCK,  JAMES  FRANCIS,  chemist, 
was  born  Feb.  26,  1844,  in  Boston.  For 
five  years  he  was  professor  of  chemistry 
in  the  Boston  university;  and  in  1881 
he  accepted  that  chair  in  the  Massachu 
setts  college  of  pharmacy.  He  is  well 
known  as  the  inventor  of  a  fire  extin 
guisher. 

BABCOCK,  JOSEPH  WEEKS,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  March  G, 
1850,  in  Swanton,  Vt.  He  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Iowa  in 
1855;  attended  school 
at  Mount  Vernon 
and  Cedar  Falls; 
removed  from  Iowa 
in  1881  and  settled 
In  Necedah,  where 
he  has  since  resided, 
being  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  lum 
ber.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Wisconsin 
assembly  in  1888  and 
re-elected  in  1890; 
was  elected  chairman  of  the  national  re 
publican  congressional  committee  in  1894 
and  re-elected  in  1896.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 


BABCOCK,  LEANDER,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1851  to  1853. 

BABCOCK,  ORVILLE  E.,  soldier,  was 
born  Dec.  25,  1835,  in  Franklin,  Vt.  He 
was  graduated  at  West  Point,  and  entered 
the  engineer  corps  as  second  lieutenant 
May  6,  1861.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  At  the 
surrender  of  Lee  at  Appomattox  he  select 
ed  the  place  where  the  generals  met.  He 
was  promoted  a  colonel  in  the  regular 
army  in  1866.  He  was  drowned  June  26, 
1884,  in  Mosquito  inlet,  Fla. 

BABCOCK,  PAUL,  soldier,  merchant, 
was  born  Aug.  18,  1841,  in  New  York  city. 
Since  1880  he  has  been  the  president  of 
The  Standard  Oil  Co.  of  New  Jersey,  and 
of  The  Soule  and  Fleming  Manufacturing 
Co.,  and  of  The  Liebig  Manufacturing  Co. 

BABCOCK,  SAMUEL  S.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1842,  in 
Genesee  county,  Mich.  In  1861  he  en 
listed  as  a  union  soldier  and  was  pro 
moted  to  first  sergeant.  He  was  a  gradu 
ate  from  the  Michigan  State  Normal 
school,  and  for  fifteen  years  was  engaged 
in  educational  work.  He  held  the  chair 
of  mathematics  in  the  State  Normal 
school;  and  the  chair  of  natural  sciences 
in  the  Ypsilanti  seminary.  For  six  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  state  board  of 
Michigan,  four  years  of  which  he  was  its 
president.  For  two  years  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  board  of  geological  sur 
vey;  has  been  president  of  the  Michigan 
Republican  club,  and  a  director  from  its 
organization.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Detroit,  Mich.;  and  has  contributed  both 
prose  and  verse  to  current  literature. 

BABCOCK,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1831  to  1833. 

BABER,  EDMUND  K.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1841,  in  New  York 
city.  Since  1889  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Keesville,  Ausable  Chasm  and  Lake 
Champlain  railroad. 

BACH,  J.  MAURICE,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  May  7,  1856,  in  Switzer 
land.  He  is  active  as  teacher  of  piano, 
organ  and  theory  at  Henderson,  Ky.  He 
is  a  good  performer  and  has  composed 
much  music,  including  four  operas,  Lar 
edo;  Marguerita;  Alhamer;  and  The  Poli 
ticians. 

BACHE,  ALEXANDER  DALLAS,  scien 
tist,  author,  was  born  July  19,  1806,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  graduated  at  West 
Point  in  1825.  In  1843  he  was  appointed 
superintendent  of  the  United  States  coast 
survey;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American  association  for  the  Promotion 
of  Science;  in  1855  was  made  president  of 
the  American  Philosophical  society;  was 
an  active  and  efficient  member  of  the 
United  States  sanitary  commission 
throughout  the  civil  war;  and  in  1846  was 
made  regent  of  the  Smithsonian  institu 
tion.  In  1833  he  edited  Brewster's  Optics, 
with  notes;  in  1840  to  1845  published  Ob 
servations  at  the  observatory  of  Girard 
college;  and  in  1834,  Report  of  Experi 
ments  to  Navigate  the  Chesapeake  and 
Delaware  Canal  by  Steam.  He  died  Feb. 
17,  1867,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

BACHE,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1801,  in  Monticello, 
Va.  He  was  fleet-surgeon  of  the  Mediter 
ranean  squadron  in  1841-44,  and  of  the 
Brazil  squadron  in  1847-50.  From  1850  to 
1854  he  was  at  the  New  York  naval  hos 
pital,  and  then  organized  in  New  York 
the  laboratory  that  furnishes  all  medical 
supplies  to  the  navy.  He  was  director  of 
this  from  1853  to  1871.  He  died  Nov.  2, 
1881,  in  New  York  city. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OB^    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BACHE,  FRANKLIN,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1792,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  physi 
cian,  and  professor  of  chemistry  in  Jef 
ferson  Medical  college,  1841-64.  He  was 
the  author  of  A  System  of  Chemistry  for 
Students  in  Medicine;  and  The  Dispensa 
tory  of  the  United  States.  He  died  March 
19,  1864,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BACHE,  HARTMAN,  engineer,  was 
born  in  1797,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  re 
ceived  the  brevet  of  brigadier-general  in 
1865,  the  highest  grade  in  the  engineer 
corps,  for  long,  faithful,  and  meritorious 
services.  Among  his  engineering  works 
of  conspicuous  merit  were  the  construc 
tion  of  the  Delaware  breakwater  and  the 
success-ful  application  of  iron-screw  piles 
for  the  foundation  of  lighthouses  upon 
sandy  shoals  and  coral  reefs.  He  died  Oct. 
8,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BACHE,  RICHARD,  postmaster-general, 
was  born  Sept.  12,  1837,  in  England.  He 
established  himself  in  Philadelphia,  and 
Benjamin  Franklin  appointed  him  secre 
tary,  compiler  and  register  general;  and 
in  1776  he  became  postmaster-general. 
He  died  July  29,  1811,  in  Seattle,  Pa. 

BACHE,  SARAH,  philanthropist,  was 
born  Sept.  11,  1744,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
She  was  the  leader  among  the  ladies  of 
Philadelphia  to  furnish  the  destitute 
American  soldiers  with  money  and  cloth 
ing  during  the  year  1780.  She  died  Oct. 
5,  1808,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BACHE,  THEOPHYLACT,  merchant, 
colonist,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1734,  in  Eng 
land.  In  1774  he  was  elected  the  fifth 
president  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of 
Commerce.  He  died  Oct.  30,  1807,  in  New 
York  city. 

BACHELLER,  IRVING,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1859  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  The  Master  of  Silence,  a  ro 
mance;  and  The  Still  House  of  O'Darrow, 
a  novel. 

BACHMAN,  JOHN,  naturalist,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  4,  1790,  in  Dutchess  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  naturalist  of  Charleston, 
where  he  was  pastor  of  a  Lutheran 
church,  1815-74.  He  assisted  Audubon, 
preparing  the  greater  part  of  the  text  of 
The  Quadrupeds  of  North  America,  and 
wrote  several  religious  and  scientific 
works.  He  was  the  author  of  Two  Let 
ters  on  Heredity;  and  Defence  of  Luther 
and  the  Reformation.  He  died  Feb.  25, 
1874,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

BACHMAN,  REUBEN  K.,  educator, 
merchant,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  6, 
1834,  in  Williams,  Pa.  He  spent  his  early 
boyhood  upon  his  father's  farm;  received 
a  common  school  education;  and  followed 
the  vocation  of  teaching  in  his  early  man 
hood.  Subsequently,  he  entered  into  the 
mercantile  and  milling  business  at  Dur 
ham,  Pa.;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

BACHMAN,  SOLOMON,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  1827  in  Germany.  He  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  balmoral  skirts, 
and  bought  a  mill  at  Paterson,  N.  J.,  with 
machinery  to  make  yarns,  and  power 
looms  to  weave  skirts  and  shawls.  In  1877 
he  bought  the  Merrimaok  woolen  mill  in 
Lowell,  Mass.,  which  he  still  continues  to 
run. 

BACHMANN,  ALEXANDER,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1836,  in  Ger 
many.  He  is  a  successful  and  noted  in 
structor  of  the  piano,  organ  and  violin; 
a  director  of  choruses;  and  for  many 
years  principal  of  the  Northwestern  Musi 
cal  institute  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is 
said  to  have  taught  the  largest  number 
of  individual  pupils  of  any  music  teacher 
in  America,  many  of  whom  now  occupy 


high  positions  in  the  musical  world.  He 
has  been  organist  of  some  of  the  lead 
ing  protestant  episcopal  churches  of  Phil 
adelphia;  and  for  many  years  was  vocal 
instructor  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Di 
vinity  school.  He  is  the  author  of  con 
siderable  church  music,  and  his  transla 
tions  have  been  a  valuable  acquisition  to 
musical  literature. 

BACKUS,  AZEL,  educator,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1765, 
in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1789,  and  in  1791  became  the 
successor  of  Dr.  Bellamy  at  Bethlehem, 
Conn.,  where  he  also  carried  on  a  success 
ful  school.  Here  he  remained  until,  at 
the  foundation  of  Hamilton  college,  Clin 
ton,  N.  Y.,  in  1812,  he  was  chosen  its  first 
president.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1817. 

BACKUS,  CHARLES,  theologian,  was 
born  Nov.  9,  1749,  in  Franklin,  Conn.  In 
1774,  he  became  pastor  of  the  congrega 
tional  church  in  Somers,  where  he  re 
mained  until  his  death.  Here  he  estab 
lished  a  sort  of  divinity  school,  receiving 
theological  students  into  his  family.  He 
died  Dec.  30,  1803,  in  Somers,  Conn. 

BACKUS,  CLARENCE  WALWORTH, 
soldier,  clergyman,  was  born  April  20, 
1846,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  spent  one 
year  in  the  Pennsylvania  Military  acad 
emy,  and  from  there  entered  the  army  as 
first  lieutenant  of  the  ninety-seventh  regi 
ment  New  York  volunteers.  He  subse 
quently  graduated  from  Union  college, 
and  from  the  Princeton  Theological  sem 
inary;  and  has  since  attained  promi 
nence  as  one  of  the  foremost  clergymen  of 
the  presbyterian  church  in  Kansas. 

BACKUS,  FRANKLIN  T.,  lawyer,  was 
born  May  6,  1813,  in  Lee,  Mass.  He  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  county 
in  1841,  and  was  sent  to  the  Ohio  house 
of  representatives  in  1846,  and  to  the 
state  senate  in  1848.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  peace  congress  at  Washington  in 
1861.  He  supported  McClellan  for  presi 
dent  in  1864,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
national  convention  that  met  at  Phila 
delphia  in  1866  to  form  a  new  party.  He 
died  May  14,  1870,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

BACKUS,  HENRY  CLINTON,  lawyer, 
was  born  May  31,  1848,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 
In  1891  he  was  chairman  of  the  delegation 
of  the  thirteenth  assembly  district  to  the 
republican  county  committee  of  New  York 
city  and  county;  and  held  the  leader 
ship  of  the  district  for  one  year.  In 
1893  he  consented  to  stand  for  the  New 
York  constitutional  convention. 

BACKUS,  HENRY  T.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  received 
a  liberal  education;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  and  removed  to  Detroit, 
Mich.,  where  he  was  for  many  years  de 
voted  to  his  profession.  He  was  subse 
quently  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Arizona. 

BACKUS,  ISAAC,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  9,  1724,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Rhode 
Island;  and  the  author  of  A  History  of 
New  England,  with  Particular  Reference 
to  the  Baptists.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1806. 

BACKUS,  TRUMAN  JAY,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1842,  in 
Locke,  N.  Y.  In  1867  he  was  elected  to 
fill  the  chair  of  rhetoric  and  English  in 
Vassar  college,  which  office  he  held  for 
sixteen  years.  He  accepted  a  call  to  the 
presidency  of  Packer  collegiate  institute 
of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in  1883. 

BACKUS,  WILLIAM  VERNON,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1860,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city;  in  business  col 
leges,  and  received  private  instruction  in 


foreign  languages.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Cleveland,  in 
which  city  he  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  education  during  1892-97,  and  its  presi 
dent  in  1895-96. 

BACON,  AUGUSTUS  OCTAVIUS,  was 
born  Oct.  20,  1839,  in  Bryan  county,  Ga. 
He  was  frequently  a  member  of  state 
democratic  conventions;  was  president 
of  the  state  democratic  convention  in 
1880,  and  was  delegate  from  the  state  at 
large  to  the  national  democratic  conven 
tion  in  Chicago  in  1884;  in  1868  he  was 
elected  presidential  elector  on  the  demo 
cratic  ticket;  in  1871  was  elected  to  the 
Georgia  house  of  representatives,  of  which, 
body  he  has  served  as  a  member  for 
fourteen  years,  and  during  eight  years 
was  speaker.  He  was  several  times  a  can 
didate  for  the  democratic  nomination  for 
governor  of  Georgia;  and  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate  as  a  democrat 
in  1894.  His  term  of  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1901. 

BACON,  DAVID  FRANCIS,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1813,  in  Pros 
pect,  Conn.  Soon  after  the  completion 
of  his  studies  he  was  sent  as  principal  col 
onial  physician  to  Liberia  by  the  Amer 
ican  colonization  society.  He  was  a  fre 
quent  contributor  to  periodical  literature, 
and  published  Lives  of  the  Apostles;  and 
also  Wanderings  on  the  Seas  and  Shores 
of  Africa.  He  died  Jan.  23,  1866,  in  New 
York. 

BACON,  DAVID  W.,  Roman  Catholic 
bishop,  was  born  in  1814,  in  Brooklyn,  N. 
Y.  In  1855  he  was  consecrated  bishop  of 
the  newly  created  diocese  of  Portland, 
Maine,  which  embraced  the  states  of 
Maine  and  New  Hampshire.  He  died  Nov. 
5,  1874,  in  New  York. 

BACON,  DELIA  SALTER,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  2,  1811,  in  Talmadge,  Ohio.  She 
was  the  earliest  exponent  of  the  Baconian 
theory  of  the  authorship  of  Shakespeare; 
and  was  the  author  of  Philosophy  of  the 
Plays  of  Shakespeare  Unfolded;  Tales  of 
the  Puritans;  and  The  Bride  of  Fort  Ed 
ward,  a  Drama.  She  died  Sept.  2,  1859,  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 

BACON,  EDMUND,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
January,  1776,  in  Virginia.  He  is  the 
Ned  Brace  of  Judge  Longstreet's  Georgia 
Scenes,  and  as  a  wit  and  humorist  was 
conspicuous  among  his  contemporaries. 
He  died  Feb.  2,  1826,  in  Edgefield,  S.  C. 

BACON,  EDWARD  PAYSON,  merchant, 
financier,  was  born  May  16,  1834,  in  Read 
ing,  N.  Y.  In  1865  he  established  the  firm 
of  E.  P.  Bacon  and  Company,  a  grain 
commission  business;  in  1889-91  was  vice- 
president  of  the  Milwaukee  Chamber  of 
Commerce;  and  in  1891  was  elected  its 
president. 

BACON,  EDWARD  R.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1846,  in  New 
York  city.  Since  1890  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  South 
western  railway. 

BACON,  EDWIN  MUNROE,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1844,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  is  a  journalist  of  Boston; 
and  the  author  of  Dictionary  of  Boston; 
and  Boston  of  To-Day. 

BACON,  EZEKIEL,  jurist,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1776,  in 
Stockbridge,  Mass.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  1794;  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1805  and  1806;  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1807  to  1813;  chief  justice 
of  common  pleas  in  1813;  and  first  comp 
troller  of  the  United  States  treasury  from 
1813  to  1815.  He  removed  to  Utica,  N.  Y., 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1821.  In  1843  he  pub 
lished  Recollections  of  Fifty  Years  Since. 
He  died  Oct.  18,  1870,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 


64 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


BACON,  FLORENCE  R.,  journalist 
poet,  was  born  March  25,  1867,  in  Port 
land,  Maine.  Her  life  has  been  spent  prin 
cipally  in  Wisconsin,  where  her  parents 
removed  when  she  was  less  than  a  year 
old.  She  attended  the  Milwaukee  col 
lege,  and  since  an  early  age  has  been  en 
gaged  in  literature.  She  is  the  society 
editor  of  the  Daily  Times  of  Minneapolis, 
Minn.;  and  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  Midsummer  Mist;  and  an 
other  entitled  Indian  Legends. 

BACON,  FRANCIS,  manufacturer,  was 
born  Jan.  22,  1831,  in  New  York  city.  He 
Is  a  successful  piano  manufacturer  of 
New  York;  and  in  1880  organized  the 
firm  of  Francis  Bacon  and  Company. 

BACON,  FREDERICK  HAMPTON,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  May  5,  1849,  In 
Niles,  Mich.  He  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 
gained  a  high  position  at  the  bar  in  that 
state.  He  is  the  author  of  a  law  treatise 
entitled  Benefit  Societies  and  Life  Insur 
ance. 

BACON,  GEORGE  ALLEN,  public  of 
ficial,  author,  was  born  April  4,  1830,  In 
Wellfleet,  Mass.  In  1881  he  was  appointed 
corresponding  clerk  of  the  department  of 
agriculture,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
He  was  the  original  author  of  the  Game 
of  Portrait  Authors,  and  in  1884  he  pub 
lished  A  Life  Sketch  of  Edward  S. 
Wheeler. 

BACON,  HENRY,  artist,  author,  was 
born  in  1840,  in  Haverhill,  Mass.  He  is 
an  artist  who  has  lived  principally  in 
Paris;  and  is  the  author  of  A  Parisian 
Year;  and  Parisian  Art  and  Artists. 

BACON,  HENRY,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  March  14,  1846,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  He  received  an  academic  educa 
tion  at  the  Mount  Pleasant  academy  at 
Sing  Sing  and  at  the  Episcopal  academy 
of  Cheshire,  Conn.;  and  was  at  Union  col 
lege,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1865. 
He  studied  law  and  commenced  to  practice 
in  1866;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

BACON.  JOEL  SMITH,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1802,  in  New  York. 
In  1841  he  became  president  of  the  Col 
umbian  college;  and  from  1855  to  1866 
was  engaged  in  female  education  in  the 
south.  He  died  Nov.  9,  1869,  in  Richmond, 
Va. 

BACON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  statesman, 
was  born  in  1737,  in  Canterbury,  Conn. 
He  graduated  at  the  college  of  New  Jer 
sey  in  1765;  studied  theology;  and  after 
preaching  for  a  time  in  Maryland,  re 
moved  to  Massachusetts,  and  settled  in 
Boston.  He  subsequently  held  the  posi 
tions  of  magistrate,  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  presiding  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas,  a  member  and 
president  of  the  state  senate,  and  that  of 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1801  to  1803.  He  died  Oct. 
25,  1820,  in  Berkshire  county,  Mass. 

BACON,  JOHN  EDMUND,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  3,  1832,  in 
Edgefield,  S.  C.  He  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1853  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  law.  In  1857  he  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  legation  at  St.  Peters 
burg,  Russia;  in  1860  entered  the  confed 
erate  service  as  a  private;  and  served 
throughout  the  civil  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  major.  In  18,68  he  was  elected 
district  judge;  and  la  1870  was  an  un 
successful  candidate  for  congress.  In 
1872  he  removed  to  Columbia,  S.  C.;  In 
1878  was  elected  a  representative  In  the 
state  legislature,  and  devoted  himself  to 
securing  the  re-establishment  of  the 


South  Carolina  college,  which  end  he  ac 
complished  after  a  long  and  laborious 
struggle.  In  1885  he  was  appointed 
United  States  charge  d'affaires  to  Para 
guay  and  Uruguay. 

BACON,  JOHN  WATSON,  civil  en 
gineer,  banker,  was  born  June  9,  1827,  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  For  several  years  he  has 
been  state  commissioner  of  the  official 
topographical  survey  of  Connecticut.  He 
has  been  director  of  the  Savings  bank  ol 
Danbury  for  over  thirty  years,  and  on  the 
death  of  its  first  president  was  elected  to 
fill  the  vacancy. 

BACON,  LELAND  CAREY,  diplomat, 
was  born  in  1862,  in  Centremoreland,  Pa. 
He  is  treasurer  of  the  Pan-American  Sew 
ing  Machine  company  of  New  York  city; 
has  served  as  United  States  consul  at  San 
Domingo  during  1882-83;  and  has  filled 
various  other  public  positions  of  trust. 

BACON,  LEONARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1802,  in  Detroit, 
Mich.  He  was  the  pastor  of  a  congrega 
tional  church  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  1825- 
81,  and  a  prominent  figure  in  the  denom 
ination  to  which  he  belonged.  He  was  the 
author  of  Historical  Discourses;  Slavery 
Discussed  in  Occasional  Essays;  Genesis 
of  the  New  England  Churches;  and  Chris 
tian  Self-Culture.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1881, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

BACON,  LEONARD  WOOLSEY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1830,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  is  a  congregational 
clergyman;  and  the  author  of  A  Life 
Worth  Living;  Church  Papers;  Ser 
mons;  and  The  Simplicity  That  Is  in 
Christ. 

BACON,  NATHANIEL,  colonial  leader, 
was  born  in  1630,  in  England.  About  1650 
he  settled  upon  the  James  river,  and  soon 
after  his  arrival  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  governor's  council.  He  died  Oct. 
1,  1676. 

BACON,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  14,  1802,  in  Ballston,  N.  Y. 
He  moved  to  Niles,  Mich.,  in  1833,  and  in 
1855,  was  appointed  circuit  judge  and  one 
of  the  judges  of  the  supreme  court.  In 
1857  he  was  elected  circuit  judge  for  six 
years;  was  elected  again  in  1866  to  fill 
a  vacancy,  and  was  re-elected  in  1869  for 
six  years.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1869,  in  Niles, 
Mich. 

B'ACON,  REBECCA  TAYLOR.  She  be 
came  distinguished  by  her  philanthropic 
labors  in  the  founding  of  the  Hampton, 
Va.,  institute  and  the  New  Haven  school 
of  nursing. 

BACON,  SHERMAN  JOSEPH,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1812,  in  Burling 
ton,  Conn.  He  established  a  drug  busi 
ness  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  and  in  1848  a  com 
mercial  business  in  copper  and  metal, 
which  he  carried  on  successfully  for  near 
ly  a  quarter  of  a  century. 

BACON,  THOMAS  SCOTT,  author,  was 
born  in  1825,  in  New  York.  He  is  an 
episcopal  controversialist  of  Maryland; 
and  the  author  of  Both  Sides  of  the  Con 
troversy  between  the  Roman  and  Re 
formed  Churches;  The  Reign  of  God  and 
the  Reign  of  Law;  The  Beginnings  of  Re 
ligion;  Primitive  Man  in  Christian 
Thought;  It  Is  Written;  and  The  Prim 
itive  and  Catholic  Doctrine  as  to  Holy 
Scripture. 

BACON,  WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  18, 
1803,  in  Williamstown,  Mass.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Hamilton  college  in  1822;  and 
was  appointed  counsel  to  the  corporation 
of  the  city  of  Utica  in  1837.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  house  of  as 
sembly  in  1850;  in  1853  was  elected  a 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  for  eight 
years,  and  in  1861  was  re-elected,  without 


opposition,  for  another  term  of  eight 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

BACON,  WILLIAM  THOMPSON, 
clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1814, 
in  Woodbury,  Conn.  For  some  time  he 
was  one  of  the  editors  of  the  New  Eng- 
lander,  and  during  several  years  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Journal  and  Courier, 
of  New  Haven.  He  then  resumed  his 
ministerial  labors,  and  was  in  charge  of 
parishes  in  Kent  and  in  Derby,  Conn.  He 
was  the  author  of  two  volumes  of  poems. 
He  died  May  18,  1881,  in  Derby,  Conn. 

BACONE,  ALMON  C.,  college  president, 
was  born  April  25,  1830.  He  has  held 
prominent  positions  in  the  schools  of 
New  Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio,  and  Michi 
gan;  and  in  1878  he  was  called  to  take 
charge  of  the  Cherokee  Male  seminary  in 
Tahlequah,  I.  T. 

BADEAU,  ADAM,  general,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  29,  1831,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  general  in  the  United  States 
army;  and  the  author  of  The  Vagabond; 
Military  History  of  General  Grant;  Con 
spiracy:  o  Cuban  Romance;  Aristocracy 
in  England;  and  Grant  in  Peace:  a  Per 
sonal  Memoir.  He  was  secretary  to  Gen 
eral  Grant,  and  assisted  him  in  writing 
his  life.  He  died  in  1895. 

BADGER,  GEORGE  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  13,  1795,  in 
Newbern,  N.  C.  He  graduated  at  Yale  col 
lege  in  1813;  studied  and  practiced  law; 
and  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1816. 
In  1820  he  was  elected  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court,  which  position  he  resigned 
in  1825;  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
navy  in  1841;  and  was  elected  a  senator 
in  congress  in  1846,  and  re-elected  in  1849 
for  a  term  of  six  years.  He  died  May  11, 
1866,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

BADGER,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  jurist,  was 
born  Jan.  11,  1722,  in  Haverhill,  Mass. 
He  was  appointed  brigadier-general  in 
1780,  was  judge  of  probate  from  1784  to 
1797,  and  in  1788  was  a  member  of  the  con 
vention  that  adopted  the  federal  consti 
tution.  In  1784  and  1790-91  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  council.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  Gilmanton  academy.  He 
died  April  4,  1803. 

BADGER,  JOSEPH,  missionary,  was 
born  Feb.  28,  1757,  in  Wilbraham,  Mass. 
In  1800  the  missionary  society  sent  him  to 
the  unsettled  part  of  the  country  north 
west  of  the  Ohio  river.  Here  he  endured 
great  hardships  for  thirty  years,  going 
from  settlement  to  settlement,  over  a 
country  where  there  were  neither  roads 
•nor  bridges,  and  often  passing  the  night 
in  the  branches  of  a  tree.  This  mode  of 
life  gave  him  great  familiarity  with  the 
country,  which  was  of  use  to  the  Amer 
ican  army  during  the  war  of  1812,  when 
he  served  as  chaplain.  He  died  May  5, 
1846,  in  Perrysburg,  Ohio. 

BADGER,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  was 
born  Aug.  16,  1792,  in  Gilmanton.  He 
edited  Palladium;  and  founded  various 
churches.  He  died  May  12,  1852,  in  Gil 
manton. 

BADGER,  LUTHER,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  10,  1785,  in  Part- 
ridgefield,  Mass.'  In  1824  he  was  elected 
a  representative  to  the  nineteenth  con 
gress;  ha.d  been  engaged  in  military  ser 
vices  in  his  state,  and  in  1819  was  ap 
pointed  judge  advocate  for  the  twenty- 
seventh  brigade  of  infantry  of  New  York 
state,  which  office  he  held  for  eight  years. 
In  1832  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  and  in 
1840  was  appointed  examiner  in  chancery 
and  commissioner  of  United  States  loans, 
which  office  he  held  for  three  years.  From 
1846  to  1849  was  United  States  district  at 
torney  for  New  York. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


65 


BADGER,  MILTON,  clergyman,  was 
torn  May  6,  1800,  in  Coventry,  Conn.  He 
was  ordained  in  1828  as  pastor  of  the 
South  Congregational  church  in  Andover, 
Mass.,  and  remained  there  until  1835, 
when  he  became  associate  secretary  of 
the  American  Home  Missionary  society. 
He  was  soon  placed  in  the  position  of 
senior  secretary,  and  for  thirty-four  years 
performed  the  duties  of  his  office  with 
great  faithfulness  and  skill.  He  died 
March  1,  1873,  in  Madison,  Conn. 

BADGER,  OSCAR  C.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Aug.  12,  1823,  in  Windham,  Conn. 
He  was  made  lieutenant-commander  In 
1862,  and  commanded  the  ironclads 
Patapsco  and  Montauk  in  the  engage 
ments  with  the  forts  and  batteries  in 
Charleston  harbor  in  1863.  In  1872  he 
was  made  captain,  and  on  Nov.  15,  1881, 
commodore.  In  1885  he  was  placed  on  the 
retired  list. 

BADGES,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  Jan.  13,  1779,  in  Gilmanton,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  from 
1810  to  1812;  of  the  senate  from  1814-16; 
and  president  of  that  body  in  1816.  He 
was  an  associate  judge  of  the  court  of 
•common  pleas  from  1816  to  1821;  high 
sheriff  of  Stafford  county,  N.  H.,  from 
1822-32;  and  governor  of  the  state  from 
1834-36.  He  died  Sept.  21,  1852,  in  Gil 
manton,  N.  H. 

BADLAM,  EZRA,  soldier,  was  born 
May  25,  1746,  in  Milton,  Mass.  He  was  a 
brother  of  Gen.  Stephen  Badlam,  was  a 
captain  in  Grilley's  artillery  regiment  at 
the  siege  of  Boston  in  1775,  was  in  Bald 
win's  regiment  in.  1776,  was  present  at 
Trenton  and  Princeton,  and  from  1777  to 
1780  was  lieutenan'-colonel  of  Bailey's 
regiment.  He  died  April  5,  1788,  in  Dor 
chester,  Mass. 

BAENSCH,  EMIL,  lawyer,  jurist,  lieu 
tenant-governor,  was  born  June  12,  1857, 
in  Manitowoc,  Wis.  He  was  educated  in 
the  private  and  public  schools  of  his 
native  city;  and  in  1888  graduated  from 
the  state  university.  He  then  edited  a 
local  republican  newspaper  for  two  years; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1882,  and  the 
same  year  elected  justice  of  the  peace. 
In  1885  he  became  county  clerk,  which 
position  he  resigned  to  accept  the  posi 
tion  of  county  judge.  He  held  this  office 
for  six  years,  and  during  his  term  but  one 
appeal  was  taken  from  his  decision.  He 
was  a  candidate  for  congress  in  1892,  and 
has  filled  various  positions  of  honor  ill 
his  county  and  state.  In  1894  he  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Wisconsin, 
and  received  the  re-election  in  1896.  He 
is  a  life  member  of  the  State  Historical  so 
ciety,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the 
German  Press  association  of  Wisconsin. 

BAER,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Frederick,  Md.  He  was  engaged 
in  various  branches  of  business;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1797  to  1801,  and  again 
from  1815  to  1817.  He  died  in  Frederick 
at  an  advanced  age. 

BAER,  JOHN  WILLIS,  lecturer,  was 
born  May  2,  1861,  near  Rochester,  Minn. 
He  is  actively  engaged  in  Christian  En 
deavor  work,  and  is  the  general  secretary 
of  the  United  Society  of  Christian  En 
deavor,  with  headquarters  at.  Boston, 
Mass. 

~BAE~R,  LIBBIE  c.  RILEY,  poet,  was 

born  Nov.  18,  1849,  near  Bethel,  Ohio. 
Her  poems  have  appeared  in  the  leading 
publications,  and  in  several  standard 
works.  She  has  taken  an  important  part 
in  the  benevolent  work  of  the  Woman's 
Relief  corps  of  Appleton,  Wis.  In  1867 
she  was  married  to  Capt.  John  M.  Baer, 
an  orfflcer  with  a  gallant  military  record. 

5 


BAER,  0.  P.,  physician,  was  born  Aug. 
25,  1816,  in  Frederick,  Md.  In  1867,  with 
ten  other  homoeopathic  physicians,  he  or 
ganized  The  Indiana  Institute  of  Homoe 
opathy,  and  was  elected  its  president. 

BAER,  WILLIAM  JACOB,  artist,  was 
born  Jan.  29,  1860,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In 
1892  he  was  chosen  principal  of  freehand 
drawing  at  the  newly  organized  New  York 
school  of  applied  design  for  women  of 
New  York  city;  and  became  instructor 
of  drawing  from  antique  at  the  Cooper 
Wnion  Art  schools. 

BAGBY,  ALBERT  MORRIS,  author, 
was  born  in  18—.  He  is  a  writer  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  A  Weimar 
Idyl,  a  popular  musical  novel. 

BAGBY,  ARTHUR  P.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  in  1794,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
and  settled  in  Alabama  in  1818;  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1820 
and  1822,  and  was  speaker  of  the  house. 
He  was  governor  of  Alabama  from  1837 
to  1843;  and  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1842  to  1849.  He  died 
of  yellow  fever  Sept.  21,  1858,  in  Mobile, 
Ala. 

BAGBY,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  journal 
ist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  13. 
1828,  in  Buckingham  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  Virginia  journalist  and  lecturer  and  of 
some  note  as  a  humorist.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  John  M.  Daniel's  Latin  Key;  What 
I  Did  with  My  Fifty  Millions;  and  Mee- 
kins's  Twinses.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1883,  in 
Richmond,  Va. 

BAGBY,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  24,  1819,  in  Glasgow,  Ky. 
He  was  educated  at  Bacon  college;  studied 
law,  and  went  to  the  bar  in  1846.  In 
that  year  he  removed  to  Rushville,  111., 
where  he  practiced  his  profession.  In 
1874,  without  seeking  the  nomination,  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Illinois 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

BAGG,  CLARA  B.,  pianist,  was  born 
Sept.  26,  1861,  in  New  York  city.  The 
last  of  her  instructors  was  Rafael  Joseffy, 
from  whom  she  acquired  technical  skill, 
force,  and  delicacy.  She  has  appeared 
with  success  in  concerts  in  Brooklyn  and 
New  York  city. 

BAGG,  LYMAN  HOTCHKISS,  author, 
was  born  in  1846  in  Massachusetts.  He  is 
the  author  of  Four  Years  at  Yale;  and 
Ten  Thousand  Miles  on  a  Bicycle. 

BAGLEY,  BLANCHE  PENTECOST, 
Unitarian  minister,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1858, 
in  England.  In  1882  she  moved  to  Chi 
cago,  111.;  and  in  1889  graduated  from  the 
Meadville  Theological  school.  In  1887 
she  first  preached  in  Middlesex,  Vt. ;  and 
in  1889  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bagley  were  ordained 
and  installed  together  as  joint  pastors  of 
All  Souls  church  of  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 
Since  1890  she  has  lived  in  Haverhill, 
Mass.,  where  she  occasionally  fills  her 
husband's  pulpit,  and  takes  an  active  part 
in  various  organizations. 

BAGLEY,  GEORGE  A.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  22,  1826,  in 
Watertown,  N.  Y.  He  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1847;  and  practiced 
for  six  years,  when  he  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  iron  and  machinery.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-fourth  and  forty- 
fifth  congresses. 

BAGLEY,  JOHN  H.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1832,  in  Hud 
son,  N.  Y.  He  received  a  common-school 
education;  and  in  1851  went  to  California 
and  engaged  in  mining  and  other  pur 
suits.  He  returned  to  New  York  and  en 
gaged  in  steamboating  on  the  Hudson 
river,  and  settled  at  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  as  a 
merchant  and  leather  manufacturer.  He 


served  four  terms  as  supervisor  of  the 
town;  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  forty-fourth  congress; 
and  also  elected  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress. 

BAGLEY,  JOHN  JUDSON,  manufactur 
er,  governor,  was  born  July  24,  1832,  in 
Medina,  N.  Y.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
governor  of  the  state  of  Michigan;  and 
re-elected  in  1874.  He  died  July  27,  1881 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

BAILEY,  ALEXANDER  H.,~jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1817,  in 
Minisink,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  justice  of  the 
peace  at  Catskill  for  four  years;  was  a 
member  of  the  state  assembly  in  1849; 
and  judge  of  Greene  county  for  four  years 
from  1851.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  from  1861  to  1864;  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
fortieth  congress,  in  the  place  of  Roscoe 
Conkling;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
first  congress.  He  died  April  20,  1874,  in 
Rome,  N.  Y. 

BAILEY,  ANNA  WARNER,  known  as 
Mother  Bailey,  patriot,  was  born  Oct.  11, 
1758,  in  Groton,  Conn.  She  was  the  wife 
of  Capt.  Elijah  Bailey,  of  Groton.  She 
witnessed  the  massacre  at  Fort  Griswold 
in  1781.  In  1813,  when  the  British  threat 
ened  to  attack  New  London,  Mother  Bai 
ley  rendered  great  aid  to  its  defenders  by 
tearing  up  flannel  garments  for  cartridges. 
She  died  in  1850  in  Groton,  Conn. 

BAILEY,  CHARLES  MARTIN,  manu 
facturer,  banker,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1820, 
in  Winthrop,  Maine.  He  began  the  man 
ufacture  of  oil-cloth  carpets  in  Winthrop, 
Maine.  Depots  are  now  maintained  in 
New  York  city  and  Philadelphia,  unuer 
the  style  of  The  C.  M.  Bailey's  Sons  Co. 
He  is  president  of  the  Bank  of  Winthrop 
and  the  Maine  Steamship  company. 

BAILEY,  DAVID  J.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Georgia.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1851  to 
1855. 

BAILEY,  EBENEZER,  educator,  was 
born  June  25,  1795,  in  West  Newbury, 
Mass.  In  1838  he  established  a  boys' 
school  at  Roxbury,  which  in  1839  was 
moved  to  Lynn.  He  was  at  various  times 
a  member  of  the  city  council  of  Boston, 
director  of  the  Home  of  Reform,  presi 
dent  of  the  Boston  Lyceum,  and  director 
of  the  Boston  Mechanics'  institute.  He 
died  Aug.  25,  1839,  in  Lynn,  Mass. 

BAILEY,  ELLENE  ALICE,  inventor, 
was  born  in  Pond  Fort,  Mo.  One  of  her 
principal  inventions  is  the  Dart  needle, 
for  sewing  on  shoe  and  other  buttons. 
Her  numerous  inventions  have  proved  not 
only  useful  and  practical,  but  of  com 
mercial  importance. 

BAILEY,  EZRA  B.,  financier,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  March  29,  1841,  in  Frank 
lin,  Conn.  He  resumed  control  of  the 
E.  H.  Horton  and  Son  Co.  in  1880;  since 
that  time  has  been  its  general  manager; 
and  is  now  president  and  treasurer.  In 
1890  he  was  appointed  United  States  col 
lector  of  customs  to  the  port  of  Hartford. 
He  served  in  the  state  senate  in  1887. 

BAILEY,  GAMALIEL,  journalist,  was 
born  Dec.  3,  1807,  in  Mount  Holly,  N.  H. 
The  first  number  of  the  National  Era, 
published  under  the  auspices  of  the  Amer 
ican  and  Foreign  Anti-Slavery  society, 
appeared  in  1847,  and  of  which  publication 
he  was  editor.  In  1848  an  angry  mob  laid 
siege  to  the  office  for  three  days,  and 
finally  separated  under  the  influence  of 
an  eloquent  harangue  by  the  editor.  The 
Era,  in  which  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin  orig 
inally  appeared,  ably  presented  the  opin 
ions  of  the  anti-slavery  party.  He  died 
at  sea  June  5,  1859. 


66 


HKHKINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BAILEY,  GEORGE  HOWARD,  lawyer, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1867,  in  Washington 
county,  Ohio.  In  1894  he  graduated  from 
the  Michigan  university,  and  has  since 
attained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Red  Lodge,  Mont. 

BAILEY,  GEORGE  MILROY,  journal 
ist,  capitalist,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1862,  in 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.  He  is  president  of  the 
Bailey  Investment  company;  of  the  Buf 
falo-Marion  Land  company;  and  of  the 
Niagara  Falls  Tunnel  company.  He  is 
vice-president  of  the  Hudor  Lithia  com 
pany;  of  the  J.  J.  George  Furniture  com 
pany;  and  of  the  Buffalo  Depew  Land 
company;  and  secretary  of  the  Oatman 
Produce  company,  and  of  the  Depew  Ter 
minal  Land  company.  He  publishes  a 
successful  monthly  paper  entitled  The 
Buffalo  Presbyterian  News. 

BAILEY,  GILBERT  STEPHEN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1822,  in 
Dalton,  Pa.  After  graduating  from  the 
Oberlin  college,  Ohio,  he  started  a  select 
school  at  Waverly,  which  soon  grew  into 
Madison  academy,  with  one  hundred 
students.  He  subsequently  resigned  this 
charge  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry; 
and  later  filled  a  pastorate  in  Pomona, 
Cal.  Besides  numerous  tracts  and  uncol- 
lected  poems  he  has  published  a  History 
of  the  Illinois  River  Baptist  Association; 
Caverns  of  Kentucky;  Manual  of  Bap 
tism;  The  Trials  and  Victories  of  Re 
ligious  Liberty  in  America;  Three  Dis 
courses  on  the  History,  Wonders,  and  Ex 
cellence  of  the  Bible;  The  Word  and 
Works  of  God;  Prize  Discourse  on 
Slander;  and  Ingersollism  Exposed. 

BAILEY,  GOLDSMITH  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  17,  1823,  In 
Westmoreland,  N.  H.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1848;  in  1856  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  of  Massachusetts;  and  in 
1858-60  to  the  senate  of  the  state.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Massa 
chusetts  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 
He  died  May  8,  1862,  in  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

BAILEY,  GUILFORD  DUDLEY,  sol 
dier,  was  born  June  4,  1834,  in  Martins- 
burg,  N.  Y.  When  the  civil  war  began  he 
was  stationed  at  Fort  Brown,  Texas,  but, 
with  his  immediate  superior,  Capt.  Stone- 
man,  refused  to  surrender  when  Gen. 
Twiggs  attempted  to  give  up  his  entire 
command  to  the  confederates,  and  effected 
his  escape  into  Mexico.  A  monument  has 
been  raised  to  his  memory  in  the  ceme 
tery  at  Poughkeepsie.  He  was  killed  in 
action  May  31,  1862. 

BAILEY,  HANNA  JOHNSTON,  presi 
dent  of  the  Maine  Woman's  Suffrage  as 
sociation,  was  born  July  5,  1839,  in  Corn 
wall  -  on  -  the  -  Hud 
son,  N.  Y.  She  re 
ceived  her  education 
at  a  denominational 
boarding  school,  and 
subsequently  f  o  1  - 
lowed  the  profession 
of  teaching  for  ten 
years.  She  has  been 
the  world's  and  na 
tional  superintend 
ent  of  the  depart 
ment  of  peace  and 
arbitration  in  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  union. 
For  ten  years  she  was  treasurer  of  a 
foreign  missionary  society,  and  is  now 
treasurer  of  the  National  Council  of 
Women.  Mrs.  Bailey  was  one  of  the 
Judges  in  the  department  of  liberal  arts 
at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition; 
and  she  is  now  the  honored  president  of 
the  Maine  Woman's  Suffrage  association. 

BAILEY,  HENRY  TURNER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1865,  in  North 


Scituate,  Mass.,  where  the  Bailey  family 
have  lived  since  1660.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city,  and  graduated 
from  the  Massachusetts  State  Normal 
Art  school  of  Boston.  He  has  been  a  pro 
fessor  in  the  Boston  Evening  Drawing 
schools;  supervisor  of  drawing  in  the 
public  schools  of  Lowell,  Mass.;  was  an 
agent  of  the  state  board  of  education, 
Mass.;  and  state  supervisor  of  drawing. 
He  is  widely  known  through  Reports  on 
Drawing  to  the  state  board  of  education, 
and  is  a  popular  lecturer  on  art  educa 
tional  topics.  He  is  the  author  of  First 
Year  in  Drawing;  and  miscellaneous  pa 
pers  on  Art  and  Education. 

BAILEY,  HORACE  W.,  commissioner 
of  fisheries  and  game  for  Vermont,  was 
born  Jan.  16,  1852,  in  Newbury,  Vt.  He 
graduated  from  Newbury  seminary,  and 
during  1886-96  was  clerk  of  his  native 
city  and  superintendent  of  schools.  Dur 
ing  1894-96  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ver 
mont  state  senate,  and  served  with  dis 
tinction  in  that  body.  In  1894  he  was  ap 
pointed  state  commissioner  of  fisheries 
and  game  for  Vermont. 

BAILEY,  JACOB,  soldier,  was  born 
July  2,  1728,  in  Newbury,  Mass.  He  set 
tled  in  Hampstead  in  1745,  and  served  as 
a  captain  during  the  French  war  in  1756. 
He  was  with  Col.  Munroe  in  the  siege  of 
Fort  William  Henry,  and  was  among 
those  who  escaped  the  subsequent  mas 
sacre  in  1757.  He  was  also  present  at 
the  capture  of  Ticonderoga  and  Crown 
Point  in  1759.  In  1764  he  removed  to  Ver 
mont,  and  there  obtained  a  township. 
Later  he  was  appointed  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  militia  by  the  state  of  New  York. 
During  the  revolutionary  war  he  was 
commissary-general  of  the  northern  de 
partment.  He  died  March  1,  1816,  in 
Newbury,  Vt. 

BAILEY,  JACOB  WHITMAN,  natural 
ist,  was  born  April  29,  1811,  in  Ward, 
Miss.  He  is  the  inventor  of  Bailey's  In 
dicator  and  of  many  improvements  in  the 
microscope.  His  investigations  with  this 
Instrument,  illustrating  botany  and  zool 
ogy,  gave  him  great  distinction.  His  Mi 
croscopic  Sketches,  together  with  his  col 
lection  of  about  4,500  specimens  of  algae, 
he  bequeathed  to  the  Boston  Society  of 
Natural  History.  He  died  Feb.  26,  1857, 
in  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

BAILEY,  JAMES  ALDERSON,  JR., 
lawyer,  legislator,  state  senator,  was  born 
March  25,  1867,  in  Arlington,  Mass.  In 
1888  he  graduated  from  Harvard  college 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.;  and  subse 
quently  from  the  Harvard  Law  school, 
from  which  institution  he  received  the 
degrees  of  LL.  B.  and  A.  M.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer,  and  has  a  large  practice 
in  his  native  city.  He  has  served  with 
distinction  as  a  representative  in  the 
Massachusetts  state  legislature;  and  also 
as  a  state  senator. 

BAILEY,  JAMES  'ANTHONY,  show 
man,  was  born  in  1847  in  Detroit,  Mich. 
The  Great  London  circus  was  bought  and 
added  to  that  of  Cooper  and  Bailey,  lead 
ing  to  the  firm  of  Barnum  and  Bailey. 

BAILEY,  JAMES  E.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1822,  in  Mont 
gomery,  Tenn.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Clarksville  academy  and  the  university 
of  Tennessee;  studied  law;  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  at  Clarksville,  Tenn., 
in  1840.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1853;  and  was  elected 
a  senator  of  the  United  States  from  Ten 
nessee  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
death  of  Andrew  Johnson,  serving  during 
1877-81.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1885,  in  Clarks 
ville,  Tenn. 


BAILEY,  JAMES  MONTGOMERY, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  25, 
1841,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  Widely  known  at 
one  time  as  The  Danbury  News  Man.  He 
was  a  journalist  of  Danbury,  Conn.,  who 
was  among  the  earliest  to  exploit  a  kind 
of  native  humor,  chiefly  concerned  with 
local  allusion  and  application.  He  has 
had  many  imitators,  whose  methods  have 
been  much  less  legitimate  than  his.  He 
was  the  author  of  Life  in  Danbury;  Eng 
land  from  a  Back  Window;  The  Danbury 
Boom;  Mr.  Phillis'  Goneness;  and  They 
All  Do  It.  He  died  March  4,  1894. 

BAILEY,  JAMES  STANTON,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1817,  in  Lebanon, 
Conn.  He  established  the  house  of  Tuttle 
and  Bailey,  manufacturers  of  registers 
and  ventilators;  and  on  the  death  of 
Charles  Tuttle  became  senior  partner. 

BAILEY,  JEREMIAH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  at  Little  Comp- 
ton,  R.  I.  He  graduated  at  Brown  uni 
versity,  and  studied  law;  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  legislature  from  1811-14  and 
a  Judge  of  probate  from  1814-35.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Lincoln 
county,  Maine,  from  1835-37  and  was  col 
lector  of  customs  at  Wiscasset  from 
1849-53.  He  died  in  July,  1853. 

BAILEY,  JOHN,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Norfolk  county, 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature  from  1815-18,  and  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1823-31.  He  was  a  state 
senator  in  1831-34.  He  died  June  16,  1835, 
in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

BAILEY,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1838,  in  Bethle 
hem,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  at  Union  college 
in  1861;  studied  law;  in  1862  entered  the 
union  army  as  first  lieutenant,  and  in  1864 
commenced  the  practice  of  law.  He  was 
assistant  district  attorney  of  Albany 
county  in  1865-67;  was  collector  of  inter 
nal  revenue  four  years;  in  1874  was  elect 
ed  distric*  attorney  and  served  three 
years,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-fifth  and 
forty-sixth  congresses. 

BAILEY,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  was  born 
April  28,  1827,  in  Salem,  Ohio.  When  the 
civil  war  broke  out  he  entered  the  federal 
army  as  captain  of  the  fourth  Wisconsin 
infantry.  He  accompanied  the  army  in 
the  Red  river  campaign,  and  it  was  dur 
ing  this  expedition  that  Bailey  achieved 
the  remarkable  engineering  feat  which 
made  him  one  of  the  heroes  of  the  war. 
He  received  the  brevet  of  brigadier-gen 
eral  on  June  7  and  was  promoted  colonel 
on  June  30,  1864.  He  died  March  21,  1867. 

BAILEY,  JOSEPH  MEAD,  jurist,  was 
born  June  22,  1833,  in  Middlebury,  Vt.  He 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Roches 
ter,  N.  Y.,  in  1854,  and  in  1856  began  the 
practice  of  law  at  Freeport,  111.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Illinois  legislature  in 
1866-70  and  presidential  elector  of  the 
same  state  in  1876.  He  was  chosen  a  judge 
in  the  thirteenth  judicial  circuit  in  1877; 
judge  of  the  first  division  appellate  court 
in  1878;  and  chief  justice  of  that  court  in 
1879.  He  became  a  trustee  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Chicago  in  1878. 

BAILEY,  JOSEPH  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1863.  in  Copiah 
county,  Miss.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  In  1883  and  served  as  a  district  elector 
on  the  Cleveland  and  Hendricks  ticket  In 
1884.  He  removed  to  Texas  in  1885  and 
located  in  Gainesville.  He  served  as 
elector  for  the  state  at  large  on  the  demo 
cratic  ticket  in  1888;  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 


HKKRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


67 


BAILEY,  LEPHA  ELIZA,  lecturer,  pro 
hibitionist,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1844,  in  Bat 
tle  Creek,  Mich.  She  received  her  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools  of  her  native 
city  and  at  the  Battle  Creek  college.  For 
many  years  she  has  been  secretary  of  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  union; 
Reform  club;  Sovereigns  of  Industry;  and 
•f  the  Independent  Order  of  Good  Tem 
plars.  She  has  delivered  hundreds  of  lec 
tures  on  temperance  and  reform  subjects 
and  is  one  of  the  most  talented  leaders  in 
the  field  of  prohibition.  She  has  contrib 
uted  extensively  to  the  periodical  press; 
has  edited  various  departments  in  news 
papers,  and  Is  the  author  of  several  works 
in  prose  and  verse. 

BAILEY,  LIBERTY  HYDE,  educator, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  March  15,  1858, 
in  South  Haven,  Mich.  He  is  a  promi 
nent  horticulturist  and  for  many  years 
was  professor  of  horticulture  and  land 
scape  gardening  in  the  Michigan  Agricul 
tural  college.  He  is  the  author  of  Amer 
ican  Grape  Training;  Cross-Breeding  and 
Hybridization;  Field  Notes  on  Apple  Cul 
ture;  Annals  of  Horticulture;  The  Hor 
ticulturist  Rule-Book;  The  Nursery-Book; 
A  Complete  Guide  to  the  Multiplication 
and  Pollination  of  Plants;  and  Talks 
Afield  About  Plants;  Plant  Breeding. 

BAILEY,  LORING  WOART,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1839,  in  West 
Point,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  professor  of  natural 
history  in  the  university  of  New  Bruns 
wick,  and  the  author  of  Mines  and  Min 
erals  of  New  Brunswick;  Geology  of 
Southern  New  Brunswick;  and  Element 
ary  Natural  History. 

BAILEY,  MARTIN  B.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1858,  in  Vermilliori 
county,  111.  He  was  chief  of  the  law  de 
partment  in  the  pension  bureau  during 
Harrison's  administration,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Illinois  state  legislature  in 
1895. 

BAILEY,  NORMAN,  soldier,  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1822,  In 
New  York.  He  was  captain  in  the  service 
during  the  war,  and  in  1861-62  was  a 
member  of  the  Michigan  state  senate. 

BAILEY,  RUFUS  WILLIAM,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  13,  1793,  in  North 
Yarmouth,  Maine.  In  1854  he  was  elected 
professor  of  languages  in  Austin  college  at 
Huntsville,  Tex.,  and  in  1858  became  its 
president.  He  was  the  author  of  a  series 
of  newspaper  letters  on  slavery,  subse 
quently  published  in  a  volume  under  the 
title  of  The  Issue;  also  of  a  volume  of 
sermons  entitled  The  Family  Preacher;  of 
letters  to  daughters  entitled  The  Mother's 
Request;  of  a  Primary  Grammar;  and  of 
a  Manual  of  English  Grammar  used  ex 
tensively  in  southern  schools.  He  died 
April  25,  1863,  in  Huntsville,  Tex. 

BAILEY,  SARA  LORD,  elocutionist, 
was  born  Sept.  9,  1856,  in  England.  In 
1888  she  graduated  from  the  Boston 
School  of  Oratory  and  has  since  attained 
success  as  a  teacher  of  elocution  and  voice 
culture  in  numerous  large  institutions. 

BAILEY,  SILAS,  clergyman,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  in  1812  in 
Massachusetts.  He  became  principal  of 
Worcester  academy  about  1840,  and  after 
several  years  was  elected  president  of 
Granville  college,  afterward  Dennison 
university,  Granville,  Ohio,  where  he  re 
mained  for  ten  years.  He  then  became 
president  of  trhe  newly  established  college 
at  Franklin,  Ind.,  where  he  remained  until 
his  health  failed.  He  bequeathed  his 
library  to  Franklin  college.  Dr.  Bailey 
published  sermons,  addresses  and  re 
views.  He  died  June  11,  1874,  in  Paris, 
France. 


BAILEY,  THEODORUS,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1758,  in  Dutchess 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1793-97, 
and  again  from  1799-1803.  •  He  was  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  from  1803-04,  when  he  re 
signed  and  was  appointed  postmaster  of 
New  York  city.  He  died  Sept.  6,  1828, 
in  New  York  city. 

BAILEY,  THEODORUS,  naval  officer, 
was  born  April  12,  1805,  in  Chateaugay, 
N.  Y.  After  serving  on  the  frigate  Con 
stellation,  in  which  he  again  sailed  round 
the  world,  he  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  storeship  Lexington  in  1846,  in  which, 
on  the  breaking  out  of  the  Mexican  war, 
he  conveyed  to  California,  by  way  of  Cape 
Horn,  an  artillery  company  and  several 
officers  who  afterward  became  famous.  He 
died  Feb.  10,  1877,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BAILEY,  WILLIAM  WHITMAN,  bot 
anist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1843,  in 
West  Point,  N.  Y.,  and  is  a  brother  of  L. 
W.  Bailey.  He  is  a  professor  of  botany 
at  Brown  university  and  the  author  of 
New  England  Wild  Flowers  and  Their 
Seasons;  Among  Rhode  Island  Wild 
Flowers;  and  Botanical  Collector's  Hand- 
Book. 

BAILLY,  JOSEPH  A.,  sculptor,  was 
born  in  1825  in  Paris,  France.  He  began 
his  career  as  a  woodcarver  and  later  he 
applied  himself  to  marble  sculpture  and 
became  a  professor  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  He  has  produced 
a  statue  of  Washington,  which  was  placed 
in  front  of  the  Philadelphia  statehouse 
in  1869;  a  colossal  statue  of  Witherspoon; 
the  companion  groups  called  The  First 
Prayer  and  Paradise  Lost;  portrait  busts 
of  Gen.  Grant  and  Gen.  Meade;  an  eques 
trian  statue  of  President  Blanco  of  Vene 
zuela;  and  Spring. 

BAILY,  JOSEPH,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  18,  1810,  on  the 
Brandywine  battleground,  Chester  county, 
Pa.  From  1839  to  1845  he  represented  his 
native  county  in  both  branches  of  the 
legislature;  and  from  1850  to  1854  repre 
sented  Perry  county  in  the  state  senate;  in 
1854  he  was  treasurer  of  the  state  of  Penn 
sylvania;  and  in  1860  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress,  and  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was 
one  of  the  twelve  democrats  in  congress 
who  voted  for  the  constitutional  amend 
ment  abolishing  slavery. 

BAINBRIDGE,  HENRY,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1803,  in  New  York.  He  served  in 
the  Florida  war,  in  the  military  occupa 
tion  of  Texas,  and  in  the  war  with  Mexico. 
In  1849-50  he  served  in  the  Seminole  war. 
He  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenant-colonel 
cy  in  1851.  He  died  May  31,  1857,  near 
Galveston. 

BAINBRIDGE,  WILLIAM,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  in  1774  in  New  Jersey.  He 
was  the  captain  of  a  merchant  vessel  at 
the  age  of  nineteen  and  entered  the  naval 
service  in  1798.  He  was  distinguished 
during  the  war  of  1812,  and  died  in  1833. 

BAIRD,  ABSALOM,  general,  was  born 
Aug.  20,  1824,  in  Washington,  Pa.  He 
served  at  Chickamauga,  Chattanooga, 
Resalo,  Jonesborough,  and  Atlanta.  For 
his  services  in  the  Atlanta  campaign  he 
received  the  brevet  rank  of  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  the  regular  army  in  1865,  with 
that  of  major-general  for  services  dur 
ing  the  rebellion.  He  served  as  inspector- 
general  of  the  department  of  the  lakes 
from  1866  to  1868,  of  the  department  of 
Dakota  till  1870,  of  the  division  of  the 
south  till  1872,  and  subsequently  as  as 
sistant  inspector-general  of  the  division 
of  the  Missouri. 


BAIRD,  ANDREW  D., soldier,  merchant, 
was  born  Oct.  14,  1839,  in  Scotland.  He 
served  entirely  through  the  war,  taking 
part  in  forty-five  battles  and  being  wound 
ed  three  times,  and  commanded  the  regi 
ment  after  May,  1864.  The  stone  yards  of 
Gill  and  Baird  of  New  York  City  are 
among  the  foremost  in  the  United  States. 

BAIRD,  CHAMBERS,  lawyer,  poet,  is 
a  popular  lawyer  of  Ripley,  Ohio,  and  the 
author  of  several  meritorious  poems. 

BAIRD,  CHARLES  WASHINGTON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28, 
1828,  in  Princeton,  N.  J.,  and  was  a  son 
of  R.  Baird.  He  was  a  presbyterian  minis 
ter  of  Rye,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author  of  Eu- 
taxia,  or  the  Presbyterian  Liturgies;  Book 
of  Public  Prayer;  History  of  Rye;  and 
History  of  the  Huguenot  Emigration  to 
America.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1887,  in  Rye, 
N.  Y. 

BAIRD,  GEORGE  W.,  naval  engineer, 
inventor,  author,  was  born  April  22,  1843, 
in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  entered  the 
navy  as  assistant  engineer  and  served 
during  the  civil  war.  He  is  the  inventor 
of  a  distiller  for  making  fresh  water  from 
sea  water,  an  evaporator,  a  pneumatic 
steering  machine,  and  numerous  other  in 
ventions.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Ab 
sorption  of  Gases  by  Water;  The  Flight 
of  Flying  Fish;  Science;  and  other  works. 

BAIRD,  HENRY  CAREY,  political 
economist  and  author,  was  born  Sept.  10, 
1825,  in  Bridesburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  publish 
er  of  industrial  books  at  Philadelphia, 
and  an  active  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  society,  before  which  he  has 
read  many  learned  papers.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Rights  of  American  Producers  and 
Wrongs  of  British  Free  Trade  Revenue 
Reformers;  Protection  of  Home  Labour 
and  Home  Production  Necessary  to  the 
Protection  of  the  American  Farmer;  and 
Miscellaneous  Papers  on  Economic  Ques 
tions. 

BAIRD,  HENRY  MARTYN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  17,  18.12,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  professor  of  Greek 
at  the  University  of  New  York  from  1859, 
and  an  historian  who  is  conscientious  but 
not  absolutely  impartial.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Life  of  Robert  Baird;  Modern 
Greece;  Narrative  of  a  Residence  and 
Travels;  History  of  the  Rise  of  the 
Huguenots  of  France;  The  Huguenots 
and  Henry  of  Navarre;  and  The  Hugue 
nots  and  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes. 

BAIRD,  JAMES  HADYN,  Journalist, 
was  born  Aug.  13,  1866,  in  West  Lebanon, 
Tenn.  In  1889  he  became  business  manag 
er  of  Southern  Lumberman.  In  1896  he 
was  elected  to  the  office  of  scrivenoter 
in  the  Concatenated  Order  of  Hoo-Hoo, 
with  headquarters  at  Nashville,  Tenn. 
He  was  also  secretary  of  Forestry  depart 
ment  in  the  Tennessee  centennial  at 
Nashville  in  1897. 

BAIRD,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  orator,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1852,  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  He  received  his  education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  has 
attained  prominence  as  a  lawyer  of  abili 
ty  of  Cheyenne,  Wyo.  He  has  filled  the 
office  of  district  attorney;  and  has  been 
judge-advocate-general  of  Wyoming,  with 
rank  of  colonel.  He  is  prominent  in 
Knights  Templars  and  other  orders,  and 
well  known  as  an  eloquent  western  orator. 

BAIRD,  JOHN  FARIS,  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  horn  Dec.  5,  1851,  in  Charles- 
town,  Ind.  In  1880  he  was  elected  pro 
fessor  of  ethics  and  Christian  evidence  in 
Hanover  College,  which  he  held  until  1890. 
when  he  accepted  a  pastorate  of  the  pres 
byterian  church  of  Seymour,  Ind. 


68 


IIKKKIXGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY 


BAIRD,  MATTHEW,  locomotive  build 
er,  was  born  in  1817,  in  Londonderry,  Ire 
land.  He  became  connected  with  the 
Baldwin  Locomotive  works  as  a  partner 
in  M.  W.  Baldwin  &  Co.  He  made  note 
worthy  experiments  in  the  economical 
burning  of  soft  coal  in  railroad  engines 
and  adopted  the  deflector  plate  or  brick 
arch,  now  in  general  use.  He  died  May 
19,  1877,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BAIRD,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  6,  1798,  in  Fayette 
county,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man,  active  in  the  cause  of  temperance 
and  in  promoting  the  extension  of  pro 
testantism  in  Europe.  He  was  the  author 
of  History  of  the  Temperance  Societies; 
View  of  Religion  in  America;  History  of 
the  Waldenses,  Albigenses,  and  Vaudois; 
and  Protestantism  in  Italy.  He  died 
March  15,  1863,  in  Yonkers.  N.  Y. 

BAIRD,  SAMUEL  JOHN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1817,  in  Newark, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
whose  writings  are  chiefly  concerned  with 
the  polity  and  history  of  the  presbyterian 
church.  He  Is  the  author  of  The  Church 
of  Christ:  its  Constitution  and  Order; 
History  of  the  Early  Polity  of  the  Pres 
byterian  Church  in  the  Training  of  Minis 
ters;  The  Socinian  Apostasy  of  the  En 
glish  Presbyterian  Church;  and  History 
of  the  New  School. 

BAIRD,  SAMUEL  T.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  5,  1861,  in  Oak  Ridge, 
La.  He  was  educated  at  home  and  at  Vin- 
cennes,  Ind.;  began  the  study  of  law  in 
1879,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1882, 
and  was  elected  district  attorney  of  the 
sixth  judicial  district  in  1884.  He  served 
four  years  upon  the  bench,  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

BAIRD,  SPENCER  FULLERTON,  na 
turalist,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1823,  in  Read 
ing,  Pa.  He  was  a  naturalist  of  promi 
nence,  who  was  from  1878  the  secretary  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution.  He  was  the 
translator  and  editor  of  the  Iconographic 
Encyclopedia;  co-author  with  J.  Cassin  of  . 
Birds  of  North  America  and  Mammals  of. 
North  America;  editor  Annual  Record  of 
Science  and  Industry  from  1872-78.  A 
History  of  North  American  Birds,  written 
In  collaboration  with  T.  M.  Brewer  and 
R.  Ridgway,  is  one  of  his  most  valuable 
works.  He  died  Aug.  19,  1887,  in  Wood's 
Holl,  Mass. 

BAKER,  ABIJAH  RICHARDSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1805,  in 
Franklin,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Lynn,  Mass.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  School  History  of  the  United 
States;  The  Catechism  Tested  by  the 
Bible;  and  Topics  in  Christ's  Sermon  on 
the  Mount.  He  died  in  1876. 

BAKER,  ALBERT  C.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
Jurist,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1825,  in  Girard, 
Ala.  He  received  his  education  in  the 

East   Alabama   Male 

^Sj^^  college    of     Auburn, 

and  has  attained  em- 
m  inence  as  an  astute 
^^  •  lawyer  and  Jurist. 
^P  ^*  ™-  He  has  been  city  at 
torney  for  Phoenix, 
Ariz.;  district  at 
torney  of  his  coun 
ty;  and  assistant 
United  States  at 
torney  for  Arizona. 
He  was  a  member 
of  the  eleventh  leg 
islative  assembly  of  Arizona,  and  was 
chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  in 
that  body.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
board  of  curators,  territorial  library;  a 


member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
Territorial  Normal  school;  and  has  filled 
with  distinction  the  high  office  of  chief 
justice  of  Arizona. 

BAKER,  ALFRED,  banker,  was  born 
Feb.  8,  1811,  in  Warren  County,  Ga.  In 
1870  he  organized  and  became  president 
of  the  National  Exchange  Bank  of  Au 
gusta;  and  in  1875  he  established  the 
Augusta  Savings  bank,  and  became  its 
president.  As  a  wholesale  merchant, 
manufacturer,  and  banker  he  has  been 
one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  his 
section. 

BAKER,  ALPHEUS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  May  23,  1825,  in  South  Carolina. 
He  Joined  the  .confederate  army  in  1861, 
and  was  rapidly  promoted  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services,  to  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1891,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky. 

BAKER,  ANDREW  J.,  merchant,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1842,  in 
Mississippi.  He  attended  the  University 
of  Mississippi,  and  served  during  the  civil 
war  in  the  confederate  army,  and  was 
twice  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  state 
legislature.  He  is  a  successful  merchant 
and  lawyer  of  San  Angelo,  Texas;  has 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Texas  state  legislature;  and  for  four 
years  was  commissioner  of  the  general 
land  office  of  Texas. 

BAKER,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
musician,  was  born  July  10,  1811,  in  Wen- 
ham,  Mass.  From  1842  to  1848  he  was 
superintendent  of  musical  instruction  in 
the  grammar  schools  of  Boston,  Mass., 
and  met  8,000  pupils  a  week.  He  intro 
duced  music  into  the  public  schools  of 
Lowell  and  Lawrence;  became  editor  of 
the  Boston  Musical  Journal;  and.  from 
its  foundation  in  1857,  was  principal  of  the 
Boston  music  school. 

BAKER,  BENJAMIN  M.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1850,  in 
Girard,  Ala.  After  receiving  his  educa 
tion  he  entered  into  the  active  practice 
of  law.  He  was  the  first  state  superin 
tendent  of  public  education  of  Texas;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  fifteenth,  sixteenth 
and  seventeenth  state  legislatures  of 
Texas.  He  has  served  as  judge  of  the 
thirty-first  judicial  district  of  his  adopt 
ed  state,  and  his  decisions  have  shown 
him  to  possess  rare  judicial  abilities. 

BAKER,  BENJAMIN  T.,  Journalist,  was 
born  Aug.  3,  1866;  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Journal  of  Smith  Center,  Kan.  He 
is  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  his  county 
and  state,  and  a  member  of  the  populist 
congressional,  judicial  and  county  com 
mittees. 

BAKER,  BENJAMIN  W.,  soldier,  minis 
ter,  college  president,  was  born  Nov.  25, 
1841,  in  Coles  county,  111.  He  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  an  eloquent  metho- 
dist  minister  and  as  president  of  Chad- 
dock  college,  Quincy,  111.  He  served  as 
a  soldier  for  three  years  in  the  civil  war. 

BAKER,  BERNARD  N..  businessman, 
was  born  May  11,  1854,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  is  president  of  the  firm  of  Baker, 
Whiteley  &  Co.;  and  is  also  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Baltimore  Storage  and  Light 
erage  company,  which  has  a  capital  of 
$1,500,000  and  which  owns  and  controls 
the  Atlantic  Transport  line. 

BAKER,  CALEB,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  served  four 
years  in  the  New  York  assembly;  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1819  to  1821. 

BAKER,  CHARLES  JOSEPH,  mer 
chant,  manufacturer,  was  born  May  28, 
1821,  in  Baltimore.  Md.  It  was  through 


his  efforts  that  the  Union  railroad  and 
tunnel  were  constructed;  and,  having 
bought  control  of  The  Baltimore  Gazette, 
he  was  enable'd  to  advance  reform  move 
ments.  He  died  Sept.  23,  18!)4,  in  Balti 
more,  Md. 

BAKER,  CHARLES  SIMEON,  soldier, 
educator,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  18,  1839,  in  Churchville,  N.  Y.  He 
received  an  academic  education;  was  a 
teacher  in  1856-'57;  studied  law.  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  December,  1860,  and 
Las  since  practiced  the  profession,  ex 
cept  during  the  first  year  of  the  war, 
when  he  served  as  first  lieutenant  of  Com 
pany  E,  Twenty-seventh  New  York  volun 
teers,  being  disabled  at  the  first  battle  of 
Bull  Run.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board 
or  supervisors  of  Monroe  county  three 
years;  was  a  member  of  the  Rochester 
board  of  education  two  years,  and  presi 
dent  thereof  the  second  year.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  state  assembly 
from  the  Rochester  district  in  1879,  1880, 
U82;  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate 
of  New  York  from  the  twenty-ninth  dis 
trict  in  1884-'85;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

BAKER,  CONRAD,  statesman.  He  was 
governor  of  Indiana  from  1867  to  1869. 

BAKER,  DANIEL,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1775.  He  was  brevetted  major  for 
gallantry  in  the  disastrous  affair  at 
Brownstown,  Mich.,  known  as  Van 
Home's  defeat.  After  the  war  of  1812  he 
was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
sixth  infantry,  and  commanded  that  regi 
ment,  at  the  battle  of  the  Bad  Axe  river, 
in  the  Black  Hawk  war,  in  1832.  He  died 
Oct.  10,  1836,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

BAKER,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  17,  1791,  in  Midway,  Ga. 
He  gained  such  a  reputation  as  an  effec 
tive  preacher  that  his  services  were  in 
demand  as  a  revivalist.  After  1830  he 
continued  as  an  evangelist,  traveling  in 
the  south,  and  at  last  settled  in  Austin, 
Texas,  where  he  founded  a  college  and 
became  its  first  president.  Among  his 
published  works  are  A  Scriptural  View  of 
Baptism;  An  Affectionate  Address  to 
Mothers,  and  one  to  Fathers;  Baptism 
in  a  Nutshell;  and  Revival  Sermons.  His 
memoirs,  prepared  by  his  son,  were  pub 
lished  in  Philadelphia  in  1859.  He  died 
Dec.  10,  1857,  in  Austin,  Texas. 

BAKER,  DAVID  JEWETT,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  7.  1792, 
in  East  Haddam,  Conn.  He  had  an  ex 
tensive  practice,  and  was  probate  judge 
of  Randolph  county,  111.  He  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  1830  to  1831,  carry 
ing  through  congress  the  important  meas 
ure  of  selling  the  public  lands  to  actual 
settlers  in  parcels  of  forty  acres;  and  was 
United  States  attorney  for  Illinois  from 
1833  to  1841.  He  opposed  the  introduction 
of  slavery  into  Illinois  in  1823  with  such 
energy  that  his  opponents  tried  to  kill 
him.  He  died  Aug.  6,  1869,  in  Alton,  111. 

BAKER,  DAVID  V.,  lawyer,  was  born 
May  30,  1839,  in  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  common  schools,  and  attended  three 
sessions  at  Liber  college,  Indiana.  In  1861 
he  received  a  commission  as  an  aid-de 
camp,  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  to  the  gov 
ernor  when  less  than  twenty-two  years 
of  age.  Mr.  Baker  was  postmaster  under 
President  Lincoln;  was  elected  city  at 
torney;  town  councilman;  town  clerk; 
four  years  a  mail  contractor;  five  years 
in  charge  of  clerkship  of  the  Jay  circuit 
court;  and  in  1880  was  a  candidate  for 
the  legislature,  and  carried  Adams  and 
Jay  counties  by  4,000  majority. 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCI.OPKIM  A     OF     AMKRICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BAKER,  DORSEY  SYNGE.  physician, 
banker,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1823,  in  Center- 
ville,  111.  In  1871  he  took  steps  to  organ 
ize  a  railroad  company  to  build  a  line 
from  Walla  Walla  to  Wallula.  This  road, 
the  first  in  the  territory,  was  built  entire 
ly  from  his  own  means  and  was  finished 
in  1873.  His  principal  properties  were  The 
Baker  and  Boyer  bank  in  Walla  Walla; 
and  The  Walla  Walla  and  Columbia  River 
Railroad. 

BAKER,  EDWARD  D.,  lawyer,  soldier, 
congressman,  was   born   Feb.  24,   1811,  in 
London,    England.      He    was    brought   to 
________  this  country  when  a 

child,  and  was  early 
left  an  orphan  in 
Philadelphia.  He  be 
came  famous  as  an 
advocate  in  Illinois, 
to  which  state  he 
emigrated  in  his 
nineteenth  year. 
After  serving  in  the 
Illinois  legislature 
for  two  years,  he  re 
signed,  and,  in  1846, 
went  to  Mexico  as  a 
colonel  of  volunteers.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Illinois  from 
1849  to  1851.  after  which  he  took  an  active 
part  in  the  building  of  the  Panama  rail 
road.  In  1852  he  settled  in  San  Francisco, 
devoting  himself  to  his  profession:  sub 
sequently  removed  to  Oregon,  which  state 
he  represented  as  a  senator  in  congress, 
taking  his  seat  in  March,  1861.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  rebellion,  in  1861,  he  raised 
a  body  of  men  in  Philadelphia,  called  the 
California  regiment,  and  while  gallantly 
leading  them  in  battle  at  Leesburg.  Va., 
against  a  superior  force,  was  shot  from 
his  horse  and  killed,  Oct.  21,  1861. 

BAKER,  ENDS  POMSROY,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1856, 
in  West  Bloomfleld.  N.  Y.  He  graduated 
from  Lake  Forest  university  as  valedic 
torian  in  1882,  and  in  1886  from  the  Pres 
byterian  Theological  Seminary  of  the 
Northwest,  now  the  McCormick  Theo 
logical  seminary,  of  Chicago.  He  had 
charge  of  several  churches,  and  is  now 
president  of  the  Presbyterian  College  of 
the  Southwest,  of  Del  Norte,  Colo. 

BAKER.  EZRA,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1815  to  1817. 

BAKER,  FRANK  R.,  legislator  'and 
lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1861,  in  Ben- 
tonsport,  Iowa.  In  1891  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Washington  state  legis 
lature,  and  has  since  attained  prominence 
as  an  orator  and  statesman. 

BAKER,  FREDERICK  A.,  was  born 
June  14,  1846,  in  Holly,  Mich.  He  com 
menced  the  study  of  the  law  in  1865.  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867,  and  has  been 
in  active  practice  ever  since.  In  1877  he 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Michigan  state  legislature. 

BAKER,  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1821,  in  New  York 
City.  He  was  a  successful  lawyer  of  New 
York  and  the  author  of  Point  Lace  and 
Diamonds,  a  collection  of  sparkling  so 
ciety  verse;  The  Bad  Habits  of  Good  So 
ciety;  Mrs.  Hephaestus  and  Other  Short 
Stories;  and  West  Point:  a  Comedy.  He 
died  April  2,  1880,  in  New  York  City. 

BAKER,  GEORGE  HALL,  librarian, 
was  born  April  23,  1850,  in  Ashfleld,  Mass. 
In  1883  he  joined  the  staff  of  Columbia 
college  library  as  assistant  librarian.  Dur 
ing  1885-89  he  was  lecturer  in  the  school 
of  political  science  in  Columbia  college 
on  the  bibliography  of  history  and  politi 
cal  science. 


BAKER,  GEORGE  MELVILLE,  author, 
was  born  in  1832,  in  Maine.  He  was  the 
author  and  compiler  of  Amateur  Dramas; 
the  Social  Stage;  and  works  of  like  char 
acter.  He  died  in  1890. 

BAKER,  GEORGE  PIERCE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1866,  in  Rhode  Island. 
He  is  an  instructor  at  Harvard  university, 
and  the  author  of  Plot  Book  of  Eliza 
bethan  Plays;  and  Principles  of  Argu 
mentation. 

BAKER,  GEORGE  TITUS,  civil  en 
gineer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1857, 
in  Homestead,  Iowa.  He  attended  the 
Iowa  state  university  in  1874-75,  and 
he  is  a  member  of  a  large  construction 
company  of  Davenport,  Iowa.  During 
1896-97  he  served  with  distinction  as  a 
representative  in  the  Iowa  state  legisla 
ture. 

BAKER,  GEORGE  W.,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1857,  near  Cen 
tral  Academy,  Miss.  For  fourteen  years 
he  was  engaged  in  educational  work;  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church  in  1887;  was  admitted  to  the 
annual  conference  at  Grenada  in  1896; 
and  was  ordained  Jan.  17,  1897.  He  has 
since  served  in  the  Corinth  circuit,  with 
srreat  success. 

BAKER,  GRAFTON,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Virginia  and  removed  to  Mississippi, 
from  which  state  he  was  appointed  an 
associate  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  New  Mexico. 

BAKER,  MRS.  HARRIETTE  NEW 
ELL,  author,  was  born  in  1S15,  in  An- 
dover,  Mass.  Besides  two  novels, — Cora 
and  the  Doctor,  The  Courtesies  of  Wedded 
Life, — her  writings  include  nearly  two 
hundred  moral  and  religious  tales,  among 
which  Tim  the  Scissors  Grinder  is  the 
best  known.  She  is  best  known  by  the 
pseudonyms  of  Madeline  Leslie  and  Aunt 
Hally.  She  died  in  1893. 

BAKER,  HENRY  BROOKS,  physician, 
was  born  Dec.  29,  1837,  in  Brattlesbor- 
ough.  Vt.  He  has  devoted  much  time  to 
studies  relative  to  the  causation  of  diph 
theria,  typhoid  fever,  cholera,  and  pneu 
monia.  The  results  thus  far  obtained  have 
appeared  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
American  Public  Health  Association;  and 
Transactions  of  the  American  Climato- 
logical  Association,  1886. 

BAKER,  HENRY  G.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Sept.  22,  1857,  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  was 
elected  justice  of  the  peace  and  ten  years 
later  was  elected  probate  judge  of  De 
fiance  county,  Ohio.  He  was  appointed 
by  the  governor  as  commissioner  to  the 
Columbian  exposition  for  Ohio. 

BAKER,  HENRY  M.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1841,  in  Bow,  N. 
H.  He  graduated  from  the  New  Hamp- 
shire  Conference 
seminary  in  1859, 
Dartmouth  college 
in  1863,  and  the  Co 
lumbian  College 
Law  school  in  1866, 
and  admitted  to  the 
bar  the  same  year. 
He  was  a  clerk  in 
the  war  and  treasury 
departments,  and  la 
ter  practiced  law  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 
He  was  judge-advo 
cate-general  of  the  National  guard  of 
New  Hampshire  in  1886-'87,  with  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general;  and  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  in  1891-'92.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
republican  from  the  second  district  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  in  1894  was  re-elect 


ed  by  a  greatly  increased  majority.  He 
was  not  again  a  candidate  for  re-election. 
In  congress  he  served  on  the  judiciary 
and  other  important  committees.  Several 
of  his  speeches  were  printed  in  pamphlet 
form  and  extensively  circulated. 

BAKER,  ISAAC  GILBERT,  merchant, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1819,  in  Rigfield,  Mo. 
In  1866  he  engaged  in  mercantile  busi 
ness,  operating  the  Baker  line  of  steam 
boats,  transporting  freight  by  wagons  to 
the  mining  towns,  and  trading  with  the 
Indians.  Every  year  he  collected  in  the 
western  region  about  twenty  thousand 
dressed  buffalo  robes  and  shipped  them  to 
a  market  in  the  east. 

BAKER,  JAMES  H.,  soldier,  public  offi 
cial,  was  born  May  6,  1829,  in  Monroe, 
Ohio.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Wesleyan  university  of  that  state;  be 
came  a  teacher,  and  had  charge  of  a  fe 
male  seminary  at  Richmond,  Ind.  In  1853 
he  purchased  the  Scioto  Gazette  and  be 
came  its  editor;  in  1855  was  elected  secre 
tary  of  state  for  Ohio,  and  subsequently 
removed  to  Minnesota  and  became  the 
secretary  of  that  state.  He  served  as  a 
colonel  in  the  army  in  1862  and  1863;  was 
made  provost-marshal  for  the  depart 
ment  of  Missouri,  and  served  as  such  un 
til  the  close  of  the  rebellion,  having  been 
made  a  brigadier-general.  He  was  then 
appointed  register  of  public  lands  at 
Boonville,  Mo.,  and  in  1871  was  appointed 
commissioner  of  pensions,  resigning  the 
position  in  1875. 

BAKER,  JAMES  HUTCHINS,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
13,  1848,  in  Harmony,  Maine.    In  1873  he 
graduated         from 
Bates  college  and  at 
once      entered     into 
/  educational  work  as 

22  -8b  I  principal  of  the  Yar 
mouth  High  school. 
From  the  beginning 
of  his  residence  in 
Colorado,  he  has 
identified  himself 
closely  with  the  ed 
ucational  interests 

of    that    state.     For 

seventeen     years    he 

was  connected  with  the  East  Denver  High 
school,  and  during  his  administration  the 
magnificent  High  school  building,  second 
to  none  in  the  United  States,  was  erected 
— a  lasting  and  a  splendid,  memorial  of 
his  work.  In  1892  he  assumed  his  duties 
as  president  of  the  university  of  Colora 
do.  He  has  been  president  of  the  state 
teachers'  association,  and  since  1886  has 
served  as  a  member  of  the  national  coun 
cil  of  education,  being  elected  its  presi 
dent  in  1891.  He  is  the  author  of  Ele 
mentary  Psychology  and  other  works; 
and  his  reputation  rests  chiefly  on  his 
studies  and  investigation  of  problems  in 
psychology  and  ethics. 

BAKER,  JAMES  L.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Feb.  2,  1847,  in  Montgomery,  N.  Y. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Ithaca 
academy,  and  graduated  from  the  law  de 
partment  of  Union  college.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as  an  eminent  lawyer  of 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. ;  has  been  its  city  attorney, 
and  filled  with  honor  the  position  of  spe 
cial  county  judge  of  Tompkins  County, 
N.  Y. 

BAKER,  JAMES  M.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  22,  1821,  in 
Robeson  county,  N.  C.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  by  the  legislature  of  Florida  as 
senator  in  the  confederate  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1864.  In  1866  he  was  ap 
pointed  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court;  and  in  1881  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  fourth  judicial  circuit.  He  died  June 
20,  1892,  in  Jacksonville.  Fla. 


70 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


BAKER,  JKHU,  lawyer,  diplomat,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1822,  in  Fay- 
ette  county,  Ky.  He  attended  common 
schools  and  McKendree  college,  but  did 
not  graduate;  and  subsequently  received 
from  the  latter  institution  the  honorary 
degrees  of  M.  A.  and  LL.  D.  He  studied 
medicine  for  a  time;  is  a  lawyer;  was 
master  in  chancery  of  St.  Clair  county 
1861-'65;  was  elected  to  the  thirty-ninth, 
fortieth,  and  fiftieth  congresses;  and 
served  as  United  States  minister  resident 
to  Venezuela  in  1878-81  and  1882-85.  He 
was  minister  resident  and  consul-gener 
al  for  a  time  during  the  closing  part  of 
this  service,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  fusionist. 

BAKER,  JOANNA,  educator,  linguist, 
•was  born  Feb.  14,  1862,  in  New  Rochelle, 
111.  She  received  a  thorough  education;  is 
a  fine  linguist;  and  now  fills  the  chair  of 
Greek,  language,  literature  and  philoso 
phy  in  the  Simpson  college  of  Indianola, 
Iowa.  As  a  lecturer  she  has  also  attained 
success. 

BAKER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1811  to  1813.  He  died  Aug.' 
18,  1823,  in  Sheperdstown,  Va. 

BAKER,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1832, 
In  Parma  township,  N.  Y.  He  removed, 
studied  law,  and  commenced  practice  in 
Goshen,  Ind.,  in  1857.  He  was  state  sen 
ator  in  1862;  in  1874  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses. 

BAKER,  JOSHUA,  was  born  March  23, 
1799,  in  Kentucky.  He  graduated  from 
West  Point  in  1819,  and  at  his  death  on 
April  15,  1893,  he  was  the  oldest  graduate 
in  existence.  He  practiced  law  in  Mary's 
parish,  and  in  1839  was  appointed  judge. 
In  1867  he  was  appointed  governor  of  the 
state  by  General  Hancock. 

BAKEH,  JTIJA  KEIM  WETHERILL, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  July  18,  1858, 
in  Woodville,  Miss.  She  received  her  ed 
ucation  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Her  hus 
band,  Marion  A.  Baker,  is  the  literary  ed 
itor  of  the  New  Orleans  Times-Democrat; 
and  for  the  past  six  years  she  has  been 
employed  as  literary  critic  and  editorial 
writer  on  the  staff  of  that  journal.  She 
Is  the  author  of  a  novel  entitled  Wings. 

BAKER,  LAFAYETTE  C.t  patriot,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1826,  in  Stafford, 
N.  Y.  He  was  chief  of  the  United  States 
secret  service  during  the  civil  war;  and 
In  1862  the  bureau  became  attached  to  the 
war  department,  and  he  was  commission 
ed  colonel,  and  subsequently  brigadier- 
general.  He  was  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  History  of  the  United  States  Se 
cret  Service.  He  died  July  2,  1868.  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BAKER,  LEWIS,  journalist,  legislator, 
was  born  in  1832,  In  Belmont  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the  log  school- 
house  and  the  coun 
try  printing  office; 
admitted  to  practice 
law  in  the  supreme 
and  other  courts  of 
Ohio;  and  declined 
his  party  nomina 
tion  to  congress 
when  in  his  25th 
year.  He  has  edited 
and  published  at  dif 
ferent  periods  the 
Cambridge  Jeffer- 
sonian,  Ohio;  Daily 

Ohio  Statesman,  of  Columbus;  Daily  Au 
rora,  of  Zanesville;  the  Wheeling  Regis 
ter,  West  Virginia,  and  the  St.  Paul  Globe, 
Minnesota.  He  has  bppn  a  member  and 


presiding  officer  of  the  West  Virginia 
state  senate;  president  of  the  St.  Paul 
school  board;  and  envoy  extraordinary 
and  minister  plenipotentiary  of  Nicarau- 
gua,  Costa  Rica,  and  Salvador.  He  has 
been  connected  with  many  business  en 
terprises,  and  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  politics,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
two  democratic  national  conventions  of 
1884  and  1892. 

BAKER,  LOUISA  S.,  clergyman,  writer, 
was  born  Oct.  17,  1846,  in  Nantucket, 
ilass.  For  many  years  she  was  engaged 
in  educational  work;  is  now  pastor  of  the 
First  congregational  church  of  Nantuck 
et,  Mass.;  and  is  well-known  as  a  success 
ful  contributor  to  current  literature. 

BAKER,  LUCIEN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1846  in  Ohio.  Shortly 
after  he  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Michigan,  but  in  1869  he  removed  to  Kan 
sas  and  settled  in  Leavenworth,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  as  a  republican  in  1895.  His 
term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1901. 

BAKER,  LUTHER  ELIJAH,  financier, 
was  born  Jan.  1,  1865,  in  Melrose,  Va.  He 
accepted  the  position  of  bookkeeper,  and 
afterward  assistant  secretary  and  secre 
tary  of  the  Iowa  Mutual  Benefit  associa 
tion,  one  of  the  oldest  institutions  of  its 
kind  in  the  west.  He  is  official  corre 
spondent  of  the  American  Protective  Tar 
iff  league  and  director  of  the  Toledo  Sav 
ings  bank. 

BAKER,  MARCUS,  explorer,  was  born 
Sept.  23,  1849,  in  Ostemo,  Mich.  He  was 
educated  at  Kalamazoo  college  and  the 
university  of  Michigan,  graduating  in 
1870;  in  1870-'71  was  made  professor  of 
mathematics  in  Albion  college,  and  in 
1871-'73  tutor  of  mathematics  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan.  In  1873  he  became 
connected  with  the  U.  S.  Coast  and  Geo 
detic  survey,  attaining  in  1886  the  grade 
of  assistant  geographer.  During  this  time 
he  spent  several  years  in  explorations  and 
surveys  in  Alaska,  and  traversed  the  en 
tire  Pacific  coast  from  southern  Califor 
nia  to  the  Arctic  ocean.  In  1882  he  was 
in  charge  of  the  Los  Angeles  magnetic 
observatory,  established  by  the  U.  S.  sig 
nal  service. 

BAKER,  NATHANIEL  BRADLEY, 
governor,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1818,  in 
Henniker,  N.  H.  For  three  years  he  was 
joint  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Patriot.  He  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  In  1851,  was  chosen  speak 
er  of  the  house,  and  served  two  terms.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1852,  and 
in  1854  was  elected  governor  of  the  state 
on  the  democratic  ticket.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Iowa  legislature  in  1859.  In  1861 
lie  was  appointed  adjutant-general  of 
Iowa.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1876,  in  Des 
Moines,  Iowa. 

BAKER,  OSMOND  OLEANDER,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  July  30,  1812,  in  Marlow, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  professor  in  the  Gen 
eral  Biblical  institute  of  Concord,  N.  H., 
and  in  1847  was  president  of  the  same; 
bishop  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church 
in  1852-'71,  and  wrote  A  Guide  Book  in 
the  Administration  of  Discipline  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  died 
Dec.  20,  1871,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

BAKER,  OSMYN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  May  18,  1800,  in  Amherst,  Mass. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1822; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  legis 
lature  in  1833  and  1834.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  from  1839  to  1845,  and  was  state 
councilor  in  1853  and  1854. 


BAKER,  PETER  CARPENTER,  pub 
lisher,  author,  was  born  March  25,  1822, 
in  North  Hempstead,  N.  Y.  In  1865  he 
established  the  law-publishing  firm  of  Ba 
ker,  Voorhis  and  Co.,  which  is  still  in  ex 
istence  and  has  a  large  catalogue.  Mr. 
Baker  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Metropolitan  Literary  association,  edited 
the  Steam  Press,  a  patriotic  periodical, 
during  the  civil  war  (1861-'5),  and  origi 
nated  the  plan  for  a  statue  of  Benjamin 
Franklin  in  Printing-house  square,  New 
York,  which  was  given  by  Albert  De 
Groot.  He  has  published  addresses  and 
monographs. 

BAKER,  PHILIP  PONTIUS,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1846,  in  Cowan, 
Pa.  In  1869  he  moved  to  Vineland,  N.  J., 
where,  under  the  firm  name  of  Baker 
Bros.,  they  built  up  an  extensive  trade  in 
the  business  of  general  merchandising. 
In  1881  he  was  elected  to  the  assembly, 
and  1886  was  a  member  of  the  New  Jer 
sey  senate.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  president  of  the  Tradesman  bank, 
and  one  of  the  leading  spirits  in  the  de 
velopment  of  Sea  Isle  City,  N.  J. 

BAKER,  ROBERT  HALL,  manufactur 
er,  was  born  June  27,  1839,  in  Lake  Gene 
va,  Wis.  Through  an  acquaintance  with 
the  late  Jerome  I.  Case,  manufacturer  of 
threshing  machines,  Mr.  Baker  was  final 
ly  induced  to  become  a  partner  in  Mr. 
Case's  firm,  and  he  remained  successfully 
engaged  in  that  business  until  death.  He 
was  state  senator  of  Wisconsin  in  1872- 
'76,  and  mayor  of  Racine  in  1874 

BAKER,  SARAH  WOODS,  author,  was 
born  in  1824,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  She  is 
the  author  of  the  following  works:  The 
Babes  in  the  Basket;  The  Aunt  Friendly 
Books;  Timid  Lucy;  Pictures  of  Swe 
dish  Life;  Our  Elder  Brother;  Salt;  and 
six  volumes  of  stories.  Her  maiden  name 
was  Sarah  Tuthill.  Mrs.  Woods-Baker  re 
sides  in  Sweden. 

BAKER,  STEPHEN,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1819,  in  New 
York  city.  At  an  early  age  he  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits,  from  which  he  re 
tired  in  1849  to  a  country  seat  in  Dutchesa 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-sev 
enth  congress. 

BAKER,  WILLIAM,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  29,  1831,  in 
Washington  county,  Pa.  He  was  brought 
up  on  a  farm  and  graduated  from 
Waynesburg  college  in  1856.  He  followed 
teaching  as  a  profession  a  number  of 
years,  and  while  teaching  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  For  the  last 
thirteen  years  he  has  been  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock  raising  in  Lincoln 
county,  Kans. ;  and  was  elected  to  the  fif 
ty-second,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses. 

BAKER,  WILLIAM  B.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  22,  1840,  near 
Aberdeen,  Md.  He  was  educated  at  pub 
lic  and  private  schools;  worked  upon  a 
farm  until  thirty-two  years  of  age,  when 
he  commenced  fruit  packing,  and  has 
been  engaged  in  that  business  ever  since. 
He  has  frequently  been  a  delegate  to  state 
and  congressional  conventions,  and  al 
though  his  county  is  strongly  democratic, 
he  was  elected  to  the  house  of  delegates 
as  a  republican  in  1881  and  to  the  state 
senate  in  1893.  He  was  elected  to  the  fif 
ty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

BAKER,  WILLIAM  H.,  artist,  was 
born  in  1825,  In  Lenox,  N.  Y.  One  of  his 
best  portraits  is  that  of  Bishop  Quintard 
of  Tennessee,  painted  for  the  episcopal 
general  convention.  He  died  May  29,  1875, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


71 


BAKER,  WILLIAM  H.,  educator,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1827, 
in  Lenox,  N.  Y.  He  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Oswego  county  in  1829,  and  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  common 
schools.  He  became  a  mechanic  and  then 
a  school  teacher;  studied  law,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1851.  In  1862  was  elected 
district  attorney  for  Oswego  county;  re- 
elected  in  1866,  and  in  1874  was  chosen  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the  for 
ty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-fifth  congress. 

BAKER,  WILLIAM  MUMFORD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  27,  1825,  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  a  popular  nov 
elist  who  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
in  the  southwest  until  1870,  and  after 
wards  the  pastor  of  a  church  in  Boston. 
He  was  a  vigorous  writer  of  considerable 
originality,  whose  earlier  works  possess 
historic  interest  as  pictures  of  a  now  past 
stage  of  civilization  in  the  southern 
states.  He  was  the  author  of  Inside  a 
Chronicle  of  Secession;  The  Virginians 
in  Texas;  Oak  Mot;  The  New  Timothy; 
Mose  Evans;  His  Majesty  Myself;  Blessed 
St.  Certainty;  Thirlmore;  Carter  Quar 
ts  rman;  A  Year  Worth  Living;  Colonel 
Dunwoddie:  Millionaire;  The  Msking  of 
a  Man;  The  Ten  Theophanies:  the  Mani 
festations  of  Christ  before  His  Birth  in 
Bethlehem;  and  John  Westacott,  a  juve 
nile  tale.  He  died  Aug.  20,  1883,  in  South 
Boston,  Mass. 

BAKER,  WILLIAM  SPOHN,  antiqua 
rian,  author,  was  born  April  17,  1824,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  possesses  a  collec 
tion  of  engraved  portraits  of  George 
Washington  which  is  the  most  complete 
that  is  known;  and  his  number  of  medals 
of  Washington  is  second  only  to  that  of 
William  S.  Appleton,  of  Boston;  while  his 
collection  of  biographies  of  Washington 
is  the  most  noted  in  existence.  He  is  the 
author  of  Origin  and  Antiquity  of  En 
graving;  American  Engravers  and  their 
Works;  William  Sharp,  Engraver,  and 
His  Works;  Engraved  Portraits  of  Wash 
ington;  Medallic  Portraits  of  Washing 
ton;  Character  Portraits  of  Washington; 
Bibliotheca  Washingtoniana;  and  Itiner 
ary  of  George  Washington. 

BALBACH,  EDWARD,  smelter,  refiner, 
inventor,  was  horn  March  19,  1804,  in 
Germany.  He  patented  a  de-silverizing 
process,  which  has  completely  revolu 
tionized  the  smelting  of  gold  and  silver 
in  this  country  and  in  Europe,  and  which 
brought  to  his  works  a  continual  stream 
of  consignments  of  gold  and  silver  ores 
from  all  the  western  states  and  territories 
and  Mexico,  and  afterward  incorporated 
the  business,  with  himself  as  president,  as 
The  Balbach  Smelting  and  Refining  Co. 
of  Newark,  N.  J.  He  died  Oct.  14,  1890. 

BALBACH,  EDWARD,  metallurgist,  in 
ventor,  was  born  July  4,  1839,  in  Ger 
many.  In  1864  he  obtained  letters  pat 
ent  for  a  new  de-silverizing  process  for 
argentiferous  lead,  which  was  afterward 
known  as  the  Balbach  Process.  He  also 
invented  the  water  jacket  used  for  smelt 
ing  and  refining  furnaces.  In  1891  he  was 
appointed  president  of  the  Balbach  Smelt 
ing  and  Refining  Co. 

BALBACH.  LEOPOLD,  metallurgist, 
was  born  March  17.  1847,  in  Germany.  He 
founded  and  incorporated  the  Omaha 
Smelting  anrt  Refining  company  of  Oma 
ha,  Neb.;  also  established  similar  works 
at  Chicago.  111.,  and  at  Denver,  Colo.  For 
some  past  years  he  has  been  an  exten 
sive  mine  operator. 

BALCH,  ALFRED,  jurist.  He  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  the  territory  of  Flori 
da,  and  in  1840  was  appointed  one  of  the 
United  States  judges  for  that  territory. 


BALCH,  GEORGE  BEALL,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1821,  in  Tennessee. 
He  served  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  in  1850 
was  commissioned  lieutenant.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  in  the  United  States  navy  to 
serve  in  the  civil  war,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  rear  admiral.  From  1879-'81  he 
\vas  superintendent  of  the.  naval  academy 
at  Annapolis,  Md. 

BALCH,  WILLIAM  STEVENS,  clergy 
man,  author.  He  was  born  in  1806  in  Ver 
mont.  He  was  a  universalist  clergyman, 
long  resident  at  Elgin,  111.;  and  author  of 
Lectures  on  Language;  Grammar  of  the 
English  Language;  Ireland  as  I  Saw  It; 
and  A  Peculiar  People.  He  died  in  1887. 

BALDRIDGE,  WILLIAM  M.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  March  13,  1863,  in 
Saline  County,  Ark.  He  graduated  from 
the  Little  Rock  university,  and  from  the 
law  department  of  the  Vanderbilt  uni 
versity.  He  has  attained  success  as  an 
eminent  lawyer  of  his  native  state  at 
Benton,  and  served  as  a  representative 
in  the  Arkansas  state  legislature  in  1893 
and  again  in  1897. 

BALDWIN,  ABEL  SEYMOUR,  physi 
cian,  state  legislator,  was  born  March  19, 
1811,  in  Fulton,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  first 
president  of  the  Florida,  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  railroad;  in  1852  was  elected  to  the 
Florida  legislature;  in  1859  was  a  state 
senator,  and  in  1863  was  made  medical 
director  of  Florida  and  Georgia. 

BALDWIN,  ABRAHAM,  lawyer,  states 
man,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1754,  in  Guilford, 
Conn.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  college 
in  1772,  and  from 
1775  to  1779  was  a 
tutor  in  that  insti 
tution.  Having  stu 
died  law,  settled  in 
Savannah,  Ga. ;  soon 
after  his  arrival 
there  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  leg 
islature;  originated 
the  plan  of  the  uni 
versity  of  Georgia, 
drew  up  the  charter, 
persuaded  the  as 
sembly  to  adopt  it,  and  was  for  some  time 
its  president;  was  a  member  of  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1785  to  1788,  and 
a  member  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  which  he  duly  signed.  From  1789 
to  1799  he  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia,  and  from  1799  to  1807 
was  a  member  of  the  United  States  sen 
ate.  He  died  March  4,  1807,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

BALDWIN,  ALBERT,  merchant,  man 
ufacturer,  financier,  was  born  in  1834  In 
Watertown,  Mass.  He  is  now  president 
of  the  hardware  corporation  of  A.  Bald 
win  and  Co.  of  New  Orleans,  La.,  and  is  a 
prominent  factor  in  the  business  world. 

BALDWIN,  ALEXANDER  W..  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1835  in  Alabama.  He 
received  a  legal  education  and  settled  in 
Virginia  City,  Nev.;  in  his  thirtieth  year 
was  appointed  United  States  judge  for 
Nevada.  His  father,  Joseph  G.  Baldwin, 
was  the  author  of  a  popular  book  entitled 
The  Flush  Times  of  Alabama  and  Missis 
sippi,  and  was  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  California.  He  was  killed  by  a  railroad 
accident  Nov.  15,  1869,  at  Alameda,  Cal. 

BALDM1N,  ASHBEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  March  7,  1757,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 
He  served  as  a  quartermaster  in  the  revo 
lutionary  war,  and  was  ordained  by  Bish 
op  Seabury  in  1785— the  first  episcopal  or 
dination  in  this  country.  He  had  preached 
about  10,000  times,  baptized  3.010.  married 


600  couples,  and  assisted  at  the  burial  of 
about  3,000  individuals.  He  died  Feb.  8* 
1846,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

BALDWIN,  AUGUSTUS  C.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  24.  1817,  in 
Salina,  N.  Y.  In  1837  he  emigrated  to 
Michigan  and  settled  in  Oakland  county; 
taught  school,  and  at  the  same  time  stu 
died  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1842. 
In  1844  and  1846  was  elected  to  the  legis 
lature  of  Michigan;  in  1853  and  1854  was 
prosecuting  attorney  for  his  adopted 
county,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Charleston  and  Baltimore  conventions  of 
1860.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  Michigan  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress. 

BALDWIN,  CHARLES  H.,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1822,  in  New  York 
city.  He  entered  the  navy  in  1839.  In 
the  war  with  Mexico  he  served  on  the 
frigate  Congress,  and  in  1861  commanded 
the  steamer  Clifton.  January,  1883,  he  was 
raised  to  the  rank  of  rear  admiral,  and 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Mediter 
ranean  squadron,  and  in  1884  was  placed 
on  the  retired  list.  He  died  Nov.  17,  1888, 
in  New  York  city. 

BALDWIN,  DANIEL  PRATT,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  March  22,  1837, 
in  Madison  county,  N.  Y.  He  graduated 
from  Cagmina  seminary  in  1852,  the  Col 
gate  university  in  1856,  and  from  the  Co 
lumbia  Law  school  in  1860.  He  was  judge 
of  the  circuit  court  in  1870.  and  attorney- 
general  of  Indiana  in  1880.  He  is  a  plat 
form  speaker  and  a  successful  man  of  af 
fairs. 

BALDWIN,  DAVID  C.,  merchant,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1836,  in  Elyria, 
Ohio.  He  entered  mercantile  business 
with  his  father  and  others  in  Elyria, 
Ohio,  in  1855,  continuing  therein  until 
1893.  As  first  lieutenant  in  the  one  hun 
dred  days  service  he  was  actively  en 
gaged  in  some  lively  skirmishes  in  West 
Virginia,  where  John  Brown  located.  He 
has  been  connected  with  the  historical  so 
ciety  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  as  incorporator 
and  trustee,  and  is  the  donor  of  a  fine 
archaeological  collection  from  American 
and  foreign  sources.  He  was  elected  to 
the  seventy-second  Ohio  general  assembly 
as  a  republican. 

BALDWIN,  EDWIN  THOMAS,  compos 
er,  was  born  July  19,  1832,  in  New  Ips 
wich,  N.  H.  He  is  a  composer  of  band 
music  and  sacred  quartettes,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  New  Hampshire  State  asso 
ciation. 

BALDWIN,  FREDERICK  W.,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1848,  in  Low 
ell,  Vt.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  law 
yers  of  Vermont  at  Barton,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Biography  of  the  Bar  of  Orleans 
County,  Vt.  He  has  been  presidential 
elector,  and  is  prominent  in  the  public 
enterprises  of  Barton,  Vt.,  notably  that 
of  the  Barton  Manufacturing  company 
and  the  Barton  Hotel  company. 

BALDWIN,  GEORGE  COLFAX,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1817,  in 
Pompton,  N.  J.  He  graduated  from  Mad 
ison  university  of  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and 
has  been  for  many  years  pastor  of  the 
First  baptist  church  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  is 
author  of  Representative  Women  of  the 
Bible;  Representative  Men  of  the  New 
Testament;  and  The  Model  Prayer;  a  vol 
ume  of  lectures  and  other  works. 

BALDWIN,  GEORGE  VAN  NEST,  law 
yer,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1838,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers 
connected  with  the  bar  of  New  York,  and 
the  latter  years  of  his  life  have  been  oc 
cupied  more  in  the  line  of  consultations 
than  in  court  work. 


72 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOCRAPHY. 


BALDWIN,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1780,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  1797;  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1817  to 
1822,  when  he  resigned.  He  was  a  dis 
tinguished  lawyer,  and  was  for  many 
years  associate  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States.  He  died  April 
21,  1844,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BALDWIN,  HENRY  CLAY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1867,  in  Lau 
rel  county,  Ky.  After  graduating  he 
taught  school  for  seven  years,  and  in  1895 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
state  legislature  from  the  seventy-first 
legislative  district. 

BALDWIN,  HENRY  PORTER,  state 
senator,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1814,  in  Coventry,  R.  I. 
In  1838  he  moved  to  Detroit,  Mich; 
became  president  of  the  Second  national 
bank  of  Detroit;  and  was  for  two  years 
a  state  senator.  In  1868  he  was  elected 
governor  of  Michigan,  to  which  position 
he  brought  a  full  store  of  general  infor 
mation  gathered  from  foreign  travel  and 
the  study  of  men  and  books;  and  re-elect 
ed  in  1870  for  a  second  term.  In  1879 
he  was  appointed  United  States  senator 
to  fill  a  vacancy. 

BALDWIN.  JAMES  MARK,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1861,  in  Colum 
bia,  S.  C.  In  1884  he  graduated  from  the 
Princeton  university,  and  has  attained 
success  as  an  educator.  During  1887-89 
he  was  professor  in  the  Lake  Forest  uni 
versity;  professor  in  the  university  of 
Toronto  during  1890-93;  and  since  1893 
has  been  professor  in  the  Princeton  uni 
versity.  In  1897  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  American  Psychological  associa 
tion;  and  the  same  year  was  awarded  a 
gold  medal  by  the  Royal  academy  of  Den 
mark.  He  is  the  author  of  Psychology; 
Elements  of  Psychology;  Mental  Devel 
opment  in  the  Child  and  Man;  and  a 
translation  of  Ribot's  German  Psychology 
of  To-Day. 

BALDWIN,  JEDUTHAN,  soldier  was 
born  Jan.  13,  1732,  in  Woburn,  Mass.  He 
commanded  a  company  during  the  French 
and  Indian  war,  and  served  in  the  expe 
dition  against  Crown  Point  during  the  au 
tumn  of  1775.  He  served  under  General 
St.  Clair  at  Ticonderoga  in  1777,  and  with 
his  regiment  was  at  West  Point  in  1780. 
He  was  a  memoer  of  the  Massachusetts 
provincial  congress  in  1774-75.  He  died 
June  4,  1788,  in  Brookfield.  Mass. 

BALDWIN,  JOHN,  congressman  was 
born  in  Windham,  Conn.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1825  to  1829. 

BALDWIN,  JOHN  D.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1810, 
in  North  Stonington,  Conn.  In  1842  he 
btcame  associated  with  the  press,  first  in 
Hartford,  and  then  in  Boston,  and  was 
editor  of  the  Daily  Commonwealth,  a  wri 
ter  for  the  Advertiser,  and  subsequently 
became  the  proprietor  of  the  Worcester 
Spy.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago 
convention  of  1860;  and  in  1862  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Massachusetts 
to  the  thirty-eighth  and  thirty-ninth  con 
gress,  and  in  1866  was  elected  to  the  for 
tieth  congress.  For  many  years  he  was 
particularly  devoted  to  the  study  of  an 
cient  history,  and  was  the  author  of  Pre- 
Historic  Nations;  Ancient  America;  and 
Raymond  Hill  and  other  poems.  He  died 
July  8,  1883,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

BALDWIN,  JOSEPH,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  31.  1827,  in  New  Castle,  Pa. 
For  half  a  century  he  has  been  engaged 
In  educational  work.  He  was  president 


of  the  normal  schools  in  Indiana  for  ten 
years;  president  of  the  North  Missouri 
state  normal  school  of  Kirksville  during 
1871-81;  president  of  the  Texas  state  nor 
mal  school  of  Huntsville  during  1881- 
91;  and  since  that  time  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  pedagogy  in  the  university 
of  Texas.  This  eminent  educator  is  the 
author  of  Art  of  School  Management; 
Elementary  Psychology;  Psychology  Ap 
plied  to  the  Art  of  Teaching:  and  School 
Management  and  School  Methods. 

BALDWIN,  JOSEPH  ELIAS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1826,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1846  he  graduated  from  the 
Wabash  college  of  Crawfordsville,  Ind., 
and  taught  school  several  years  after 
graduation.  He  studied  law  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1858.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Missouri  state  senate  from  Potosi, 
Mo.,  and  served  with  distinction  for  two 
years. 

BALDWIN,  JOSEPH  G.,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  in  1811  in  Sumter,  Ala.  He 
was  a  popular  humorous  writer  and  a  ju 
rist  of  prominence  in  Alabama,  and  after 
ward  of  California,  of  which  state  he  be 
came  chief  justice.  He  is  the  author  of 
Flush  Times  in  Alabama  and  Mississippi; 
and  Party  Leaders,  able  papers  on  south 
ern  statesmen.  He  died  Sept.  30.  1864,  in 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

BALDWIN,  MRS.  LYDIA  WOOD,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1836  in  Massachusetts. 
She  is  the  author  of  Rubina;  and  A  Yan 
kee  School-Teacher  in  Virginia. 

BALDWIN,  MARY  H.,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  31,  1841,  in  Craw 
fordsville,  Ind.  For  many  years  she 
taught  with  success  in  Glendale  and  Rut 
gers  female  colleges.  She  is  the  author 
of  Voice-Placing  for  Elocution;  Speech 
and  Song;  and  teaches  in  New  York  city 
the  way  to  restore  lost  voices  by  her 
methods. 

BALDWIN,  MATTHIAS  WILLIAM,  lo 
comotive  builder,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1795. 
Under  the  name  of  M.  W.  Baldwin  and 
Co.  he  started  on  a  small  scale  the  great 
works  which  yet  bear  his  name.  In  1835 
fourteen  engines  were  produced,  and  the 
next  year  forty,  and  the  works  now  have 
a  capacity  of  1,200  engines  per  year.  He 
died  Sept.  7,  1866,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BALDWIN,  MELVIN  R.,  was  born 
April  12,  1838,  in  Windsor  county,  Vt.  He 
removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1847;  entered 
Lawrence  university 
of  Appleton  in  1855; 
studied  law,  and 
then  adopted  civil 
engineering  as  a 
profession.  He  was 
engaged  on  Chicago 
and  Northwestern 
railway  till  April  19, 
1861,  when  he  en 
listed  as  a  private  in 
company  E,  second 
Wisconsin  infantry, 
brigaded  with  the 

Iron  brigade.  He  was  slightly  wounded 
at  the  first  and  severely  wounded  at  the 
second  battle  of  Bull  Run;  and  promoted 
to  captain  of  his  company.  He  was  cap 
tured  at  Gettysburg  and  confined  in  Lib- 
by,  Charleston,  and  Columbia.  He  made 
two  escapes,  but  was  recaptured,  and  was 
finally  exchanged  after  seventeen  months' 
imprisonment.  He  removed  to  Minnesota 
in  1875,  and  has  resided  in  Duluth  since 
1885;  and  president  of  Duluth  chamber 
of  commerce  since  1886.  He  twice  de 
clined  congressional  nomination;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
democrat.  At  close  of  congressional  term 


he  was  appointed  by  President  Cleveland 
chairman  of  the  Chippewa  Indian  com 
mission,  holding  this  position  until  1897. 

BALDWIN.  RODERICK,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  was  born  May  17,  1833,  in 
Stanford,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he  enlisted  as 
first  lieutenant  in  the  one  hundred  and 
twenty-ninth  New  York  infantry,  and 
from  1863-64  was  detailed  judge  advocate 
of  the  military  commission.  In  1870  he 
became  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Stan 
dard  of  Warrensburg,  Mo. 

BALDWIN,  ROGER  SHERMAN,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan. 
4,  1793,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  In 
1837  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  sen 
ate;  re-elected  in 
1838,  and  chosen 
president  pro  tern- 
pore  of  that  body; 
and  was  a  trustee  of 
Yale  college  in  1838 
and  1839.  In  1840 
and  1841  he  was  a 
representative  in  the 
general  assembly. 
In  1844  and  1845  he 
was  governor  of  the 

state;  in  1847  was  appointed,  and  in  184& 
elected,  to  the  United  States  senate  by  the 
legislature  of  Connecticut,  serving  until 
1851.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1863.  in  New  Ha 
ven,  Conn. 

BALDWIN,  SIMEON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1761,  in 
Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Connecticut  from  1803 
to  1805,  and  declined  a  re-election.  In 
1806  he  was  appointed,  by  the  legislature, 
associate  judge  of  the  superior  court  and 
of  the  supreme  court  of  errors,  and  held 
the  office  until  1817.  In  1822  he  was  chos 
en  by  the  general  assembly  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  locate  the  Farmington 
canal,  and  was  made  president  of  that 
board.  In  1826  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
New  Haven.  He  died  May  26.  1851.  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

BALDWIN,  SIMEON  EBEN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1840,  in  New  Ha 
ven,  Conn.  In  1872  he  was  professor  of 
constitutional  law  in  Yale  university.  In 
1893  he  became  associate  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  errors  of  Connecticut. 
During  1872-87  he  was  a  member  of  va 
rious  state  commissions  for  the  revision 
of  laws  on  education,  pleading,  taxation 
and  general  statutes.  In  1890  he  was 
president  of  the  American  Bar  associa 
tion;  president  of  the  American  Social 
Science  association  in  1897;  and  during 
1884-96  was  president  of  the  New  Haven 
Colony  Historical  society. 

BALDWIN,  THERON,  missionary,  was 
born  July  21,  1801,  in  Goshen,  Conn.  He 
went  as  a  missionary  to  Illinois  in  1S29, 
but  in  1831  fie  went  east  to  solicit  funds 
for  the  Illinois  college,  opened  in  Jack 
sonville.  He  was  first  principal  of  Mon- 
ticello  seminary.  He  died  April  10.  1870, 
in  Orange,  N.  J. 

BALDWIN,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  was 
born  Dec.  23,  1753,  in  Bozrah,  Conn.  In 
1773  he  was  elected  to  the  Connecticut 
state  legislature;  in  1790  was  installed 
pastor  of  the  Second  baptist  church  of 
Boston;  and  in  1803  he  published  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Magazine. 
He  died  Aug.  29,  1825,  in  Waterville. 
Maine. 

BALDWIN,  WILLIAM  ASHBRIDGE, 
railroad  president,  was  born  June  28,  1835, 
in  Philadelphia.  Pa.  Since  1893  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Cleveland  and  Ma 
rietta  railway. 


HKKKINGSHAWS     KNC  YCLOPKIJIA     OK     A.MKK1CAX     BIOGRAPHY. 


73 


BALDWIN,  W.  H.,  railroad  manager. 
In  1888-90  he  was  general  manager  of  the 
Montana  Union  railway,  of  which  he  was 
also  president  for  a  short  time.  He  has 
been  assistant  vice-president  of  the  Union 
Pacific  railway  at  Omaha,  Neb.;  was  gen 
eral  manager  of  the  Flint  and  Pere  Mar- 
quette  railroad  during  1891-94;  and  since 
1895  has  been  second  vice-president  of  the 
Southern  railway  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

BALDWIN,  WILLIAM  S.,  railroad  man 
ager,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1833,  in  Clarke 
county,  Ga.  Since  1852  he  has  been  in  the 
railw.ay  service;  since  1885  has  been 
supervisor  of  the  Louisville  and  Nash 
ville  railroad;  and  since  1889  supervisor 
of  the  Jacksonville,  Tampa  and  Key  West 
railway  at  Sanford,  Fla. 

BALDWIN,  WILLIAM  W.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1845,  in 
Keosauqua,  Iowa.  He  is  president  of  the 
St.  Louis,  Keokuk  and  Northwestern  rail 
road;  and  also  of  the  Chicago,  Burling 
ton  and  Kansas  City  railway. 

BALDWIN,  WINFRED,  clergyman,  was 
born  Feb.  11,  1851,  in  Blenheim.  N.  Y.  In 
1872  he  graduated  from  the  New  York 
Conference  seminary;  and  six  years  later 
from  the  Boston  University  School  of 
Theology.  For  eleven  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  East  Maine  conference  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church;  and 
since  1889  has  been  a  member  of  the 
North  Dakota  conference. 

BALES,  ELISHA  J.,  physician,  was 
born  in  1850  in  Xenia,  Ohio.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  Cincinnati  Medical  and 
Surgical  college;  and  has  attained  emi 
nence  as  a  prominent  physician  of  Pacific 
Junction,  Iowa,  where  be  is  United  States 
pension  examiner,  and  examiner  for  the 
New  York  Life  and  the  Mutual  Insurance 
companies. 

BALESTIER,  CHARLES  WOLCOTT, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1861,  in  Roches 
ter,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  American  writer 
who  established  himself  as  a  publisher  in 
London,  and  whose  sister  was  married  to 
Rudyard  Kipling,  the  novelist.  He  was 
the  author  of  A  Fair  Device;  Life  of 
Blaine;  A  Victorious  Defeat;  Benefits 
Forgot;  The  Naulahka,  with  Rudyard 
Kipling,  and  A  Common  Story.  He  died 
in  1891. 

» 

BALKE,  JULIUS,  manufacturer,  was 
born  March  30,  1830,  in  Germany.  In  1879 
the  New  York  billiard  manufacturer.  W. 
II.  Collender,  joined  his  corporation,  and 
business  has  been  conducted  since  then 
by  The  Brunswick-Balke-Collender  Co. 

BALL,  BYRON  D.,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  July  19,  1844,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.  In  1871-72  he  was  state  senator  of 
Michigan,  and  was  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  of  railroads.  He  was  elected  at 
torney-general  of  Michigan  in  1872  and 
served  up  to  1874,  when  he  resigned  on 
account  of  ill  health.  He  built  a  block  of 
stores  in  Grand  Rapids,  and  was  inter 
ested  with  his  father  in  other  enterprises. 

BALL,  CHARLES  P.,  soldier,  railroad 
manager,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1837,  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Ala.  Since  1853  he  has 
been  in  the  railroad  service  as  civil  en-  * 
gmeer  and  general  manager.  During  1857- 
61  he  attended  the  West  Point  academy, 
and  served  with  distinction  in  the  confed 
erate  army  during  the  civil  war.  Since 
1888  he  has  been  general  manager  of  the 
East  and  West  railroad  of  Alabama  at 
Cartersville.  Ga. 

BALL,  EDWARD,  congressman  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1853  to 
1855,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress. 


BALL,  EPHRA1M,  inventor,  was  born 
Aug.  12,  1812,  in  Greentown,  Ohio.  The 
Ohio  Mower  was  invented  by  Mr.  Ball  in 
1854,  and  afterward  he  devised  the  World 
Mower  and  Reaper,  and  in  1858  the  Buck 
eye  Machine  was  brought  out,  all  of 
which  have  sold  extensively.  He  died 
Jan.  1,  1872,  in  Canton,  Ohio. 

BALL,  GEORGE  HARVEY,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
7,  1819,  In  Canada.  After  graduating  from 
the  divinity  school  of  Lewiston,  Maine, 
he  taught  school  in  Ohio.  For  thirty 
years  he  was  pastor  of  the  baptist  church 
in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  for  seven  years  was  ed 
itor  of  the  Baptist  Union  of  New  York 
city;  and  in  1892  became  president  of  the 
Keuka  college,  New  York.  He  has  al 
ways  taken  a  deep  interest  in  govern 
mental  affairs,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
first  republican  convention  at  Philadel 
phia,  which  nominated  John  C.  Fremont 
for  the  presidency.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  books,  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  periodical  literature. 

BALL,  GEORGE  W.  I.,  lawyer,  con 
veyancer.  He  has  been  connected  with 
railroads  as  military  agent  and  general 
passenger  and  ticket  agent;  and  since 

1884  has  been   chief   conveyancer   of  the 
Pennsylvania  railroad  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BALL,  HERMAN  F..  civil  engineer, 
railroad  manager,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1867, 
in  Altoona,  Pa.  Since  1884  he  has  been 
in  the  railroad  service;  has  been  chief 
draftsman  in  the  car  department  of  the 
Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  rail 
road  at  Cleveland,  Ohio;  and  since  1894 
has  been  general  car  inspector  of  that 
company. 

BALL,  HOWARD  J.,  railroad  manager, 
was  born  May  23,  1852,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  Since  1863  he  has  been  in  the  rail 
road  service;  and  since  1887  has  been 
general  western  passenger  agent  of  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  rail 
road  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

BALL,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1794,  in 
Hebron,  N.  Y.  In  1820  he  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  college;  taught  school  for  a 
number  of  years;  and  from  1824  practiced 
law.  In  1837  he  settled  in  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.;  in  1838  he  was  a  representative  in 
the  Michigan  state  legislature;  and  was 
interested  in  schools,  geology,  lyceums 
and  other  local  enterprises.  He  died  Feb. 
5, 1884,  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  and  willed 
to  that  city  forty  acres  of  land,  which  is 
now  known  as  the  John  Ball  Park. 

BALL,  R.  T.  MASON,  naval  officer.  In 
1880  he  entered  the  navy;  in  1881  joined 
the  Mayflower  for  a  practice  cruise  with 
naval  cadets.  In  1884  he  joined  the 
monitor  fleet  and  served  two  years;  in 

1885  joined    the    monitor    Nantucket    at 
New  York  for  experimental  cruise;     and 
subsequently    joined    the    United    States 
naval  station  at  New  London,  Conn. 

BALL.  THOMAS,  sculptor,  was  born 
June  3,  1819,  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  In 
early  life  he  was  a  singer  of  basso  parts 
in  oratorios,  and  a  portrait  painter  in 
Boston.  About  1852  he  devoted  himself 
to  modeling,  and  made  a  miniature  bust 
of  Jenny  Lind,  another  of  Daniel  Web 
ster,  and  a  life-size  statue  of  the  states 
man.  His  statue  of  Webster,  in  the  Cen 
tral  park  of  New  York  city,  is  his  noblest 
work. 

BALL,  THOMAS  H.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1859,  in  Hunts- 
ville,  Tex.  He  was  educated  in  private 
schools  and  Austin  college,  in  his  native 
town;  afterwards  obtained  practical  busi- 
ress  training  upon  a  farm  and  in  the  mer 
cantile  business:  and  served  three  terms 


as  mayor- of  Huntsville.  He  attended  lec 
tures  at  the  university  of  Virginia  and 
was  elected  president  of  the  law  class.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
ofmocrat. 

BALL,  WILLIAM  CREIGHTON,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1846, 
in  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  For  many  years  he 
taught  school  in  his  native  city;  and  since 
1872  has  been  proprietor  and  editor  of 
the  Terre  Haute  Daily,  Evening  and 
Weekly  Gazette.  He  has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Terre  Haute  board  of  park 
commissioners. 

BALL,  WILLIAM  LEE,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1779,  in  Lancaster  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1817  to  1824.  He 
died  Feb.  28,  1824,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BALLANCE,  ROBERT,  railroad  man 
ager,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1850,  in  Canada. 
Since  1866  he  has  been  in  the  railway  ser 
vice  as  machinist  to  the  Michigan  Central 
railroad;  and  since  1870  general  man 
ager  of  the  machinist  department  of  the 
Burlington  and  Missouri  River  railroad  at 
Denver,  Colo. 

BALLANTINE,  JOHN  G.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  May  20,  1827, 
in  Pulaski,  Tenn.  He  received  a  classical 
education,  graduating  from  the  universi 
ty  of  Nashville  in  1845.  He  studied  law; 
graduated  from  Harvard  law  school  in 
1848;  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
engaged  in  planting;  removed  to  Missis 
sippi  in  1855,  and  to  Memphis,  Tenn.,  in 
1860.  He  served  in  the  confederate  army 
throughout  the  civil  war;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Tennessee  to  the- 
forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses. 

BALLANTINE,  WILLIAM  DUNCAN, 
soldier,  civil  engineer,  state  legislator, 
was  born  Feb.  21,  1837,  near  Whitesboro, 
N.  Y.  He  graduated  from  the  Georgia 
military  institute  of  Marietta,  and  has 
attained  note  as  a  successful  mechanical 
and  hydraulic  engineer.  During  the  civil 
war  he  was  in  the  confederate  service 
and  attained  the  rank  of  lieutenant  colo 
nel.  He  has  been  connected  with  various 
railroads  as  master  mechanic  and  hy 
draulic  engineer  in  Georgia  and  Florida. 
For  four  years  he  was  commander  of  the 
first  battalion  Florida  state  troops;  was 
aid-de-camp  on  the  governor's  staff;  ani 
in  1897  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Florida  state  legislature  from  Fernandi- 
na. 

BALLANTINE,  WILLIAM  GAY,  edu 
cator  college  president,  was  born  Dec.  7, 
1848  in  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1875  he 
was  appointed  professor  of  Greek  in  the 
university  of  Indiana;  and  in  1891  was 
elected  president  of  Oberlin  college 

BALLANTYNE,  REV.  MARLIN  J., 
educator,  clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Aug. 
30  1852,  near  Brookville,  Pa.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
in  the  public  schools 
and  at  Dayton  Union 
academy.  For  seven 
years  he  taught 
school,  and  for  near- 
ly  twenty  years  has 
been  engaged  in  the 
ministry.  He  is  now 
presiding  elder  of 
the  Oregon  Confer- 
ence  of  the  United 
Evangelical  Church, 
president  of  the  La 
Fayette  seminary,  and  teacher  of  political 
economy  and  ethics  in  the  same  institu 
tion.  He  has  contributed  extensively 
both  prose  and  verse  to  the  religious, 
press. 


HERRINQ8HAW8     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    KKiCHAl'HV 


BALLARD,  ANDREW  JACKSON,  law 
yer,  journalist,  legislator,  was  born  about 
1817.  In  1842-43  he  represented  the  city 
•of  Louisville  in  the  legislature.  In  1871 
he  became  the  principal  political  editor 
•of  the  Louisville  Daily  and  Weekly  Com 
mercial. 

BALLARD,  ASA  N.,  soldier,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1842,  in  Wil 
mington,  Ohio.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  with  distinction  in  the  forty-eighth 
regiment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry,  and 
•was  lieutenant.  For  many  years  he  was 
superintendent  of  public  schools  in  Illi 
nois  and  Indiana,  and  principal  of  the 
Ward  school  of  Indianapolis.  He  is  now 
a  successful  physician  of  Birmingham, 
Ala.;  has  been  president  of  the  Alabama 
Homoeopathic  association;  anu  president 
of  the  board  of  pensions  of  examining  sur 
geons  of  Birmingham,  Ala. 

BALLARD,  BLAND,  pioneer,  legislator, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1761,  in  Fredericksburg, 
~Va.  As  a  major  of  Kentucky  volunteers 
lie  led  an  expedition  against  the  British 
and  Indians  at  the  river  Raisin,  in  Michi 
gan,  in  1814,  where  he  was  wounded  and 
taken  prisoner.  He  was  for  several  terms 
a  member  of  the  Kentucky  legislature. 
Eallard  county,  Ky.,  and  Blandville,  its 
«apital,  commemorate  his  services  during 
the  early  history  of  the  state.  He  died 
Sept.  5.  1853,  in  Shelby  county,  Ky. 

BALLARD,  BLAND  W.,  soldier,  pio 
neer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1761,  in 
Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  was  a  noted 
pioneer;  served  In  the  war  of  1812;  and 
repeatedly  represented  Shelby  county  in 
the  Kentucky  legislature.  He  died  Sept. 
5,  1853. 

BALLARD,  EZRA  H.,  educator,  phy 
sician,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1843,  in  Helena, 
N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
public  schools;  Fort 
Covington  academy; 
State  Normal  school 
of  Albany,  N.  Y.;  and 
in  1868  graduated 
from  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan. 
During  1871-73  he 
served  as  superin 
tendent  of  schools  in 
Emmet  county, 
Iowa;  and  again 
during  1885-89.  serv 
ing  nearly  eight  years.  During  1874-79 
lie  was  county  treasurer;  and  since  1879 
has  given  his  whole  attention  to  the  prac 
tice  of  medicine  at  Westerville.  In  1888 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  educa 
tional  council,  and  has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  educational  matters. 

BALLARD,  HARLAN  HOGE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  26,  1853,  in  Athens, 
Ohio.  He  is  the  founder  and  president 
of  The  Agassi  z  association,  which  was 
•established  in  1875  at  Pittsfield,  Mass.  He 
if  the  author  of  Three  Kingdoms;  One 
Thousand  Blunders  of  English  Corrected; 
World  of  Matter;  and  with  the  Hon.  S. 
Proctor  Thayer  was  joint  author  of 
Barnes'  Readers,  and  the  American  Plant- 
book. 

BALLARD,  HENRY,  lawyer,  lecturer, 
orator,  politician,  was  born  April  20,  1839, 
In  Tinmouth,  Vt.  In  1861  he  graduated 
from  the  university  of  Vermont;  and 
from  the  Albany  Law  school  In  1863.  He 
served  one  year  in  the  civil  war  in  the 
fifth  Vermont  volunteer  Infantry.  He 
has  been  city  attorney  of  Burlington,  Vt.; 
and  states  attorney  of  his  county.  In 
1888-89  he  was  a  member  of  the  Vermont 
liouse  of  representatives,  and  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  in  1878-79.  He  was  the 


delegate  from  Vermont  to  the  republican 
national  convention  in  1884;  and  assist 
ant  secretary  of  the  national  republican 
convention  in  1888.  He  has  filled  many 
positions  of  honor;  was  one  of  the  char 
ter  members  of  the  Vermont  Commandery 
of  the  Loyal  Legion,  and  judge  advocate 
of  G.  A.  R.  for  Vermont. 

BALLARD,  HENRY  E.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1785,  in  Maryland.  He  was  a 
lieutenant  on  board  the  U.  S.  frigate  Con 
stitution  in  her  famous  action  with  the 
British  cruisers  Cyane  and  Levant  in  the 
bay  of  Biscay  in  1815.  He  died  May  23, 
1855,  in  Annapolis. 

BALLARD,  MINNIE  C.,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  in  1852,  in  Troy,  Pa.  Since 
1873  she  has  been  a  constant  contributor 
of  poetry  and  prose  to  current  literature. 
BALLARD,  TILGHMAN  E.,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1850,  in  Boone 
county,  Ind.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Smithson  college,  and  the  DePauw 
university.  He  is  best  known  as  a  law 
writer,  and  president  of  the  Ballard  Pub 
lishing  company  of  Crawforclsville,  Ind. 
He  is  the  author  of  Ballards'  Real  Estate 
Statutes  of  Indiana;  Ballards'  Real  Es 
tate  Statutes  of  Kentucky;  Ballards'  Ohio 
Law  of  Real  Property;  and  various  other 
works. 

BALL1NGER,  RICHARD  ACHILLES, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  July  9, 
1858,  in  Boonesboro,  Iowa.  In  1884  he 
graduated  from  the 
Williams  college, 
Mass.;  having  previ 
ously  prepared  for 
college  at  the  state 
university  of  Kan 
sas,  and  Washburn 
college  of  Topeka. 
He  has  been  emin 
ently  successful  as  a 
lawyer;  acted  as  U. 
S.  commissioner  in 
1890-92,  under  ap 
pointment  of  Dis 
trict  U.  S.  Judge  Hanford  of  Washington; 
and  has  held  the  high  office  of  judge  of 
superior  court  for  Jefferson  county,  Wash. 
He  is  the  author  of  Ballinger  on  Com 
munity  Property,  a  law  publication  cov 
ering  the  property  rights  of  married 
persons  in  several  of  the  coast  and  south 
ern  states;  and  also  author  of  Ballinger's 
Annotated  Code  and  Statutes  of  Washing 
ton. 

BALLOU,  AARON  BRYON,  physician, 
scientist,  was  born  July  29,  1831,  in  Eagle 
Harbor,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  distinguished 
scientist  and  owns  one  of  the  best  indi 
vidual  geological  and  mineralogical  col 
lections  in  the  state  of  Indiana. 

BALLOU,  MRS.  ADDIE  LUCIA,  artist, 
poet,  was  born  April  29,  1837,  in  Chagrin 
Falls,  Ohio.  She  is  a  successful  artist, 
journalist,  and  speaker  of  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  in  which  city  she  is  president  of  the 
Nationalist  club. 

BALLOU,  ADIN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1803  in  Rhode  Island.  He 
was  a  universalist  clergyman  of  Milford, 
Mass.,  and  the  author  of  Christian  Non- 
Resistance  Defended;  Treatise  on  Spirit 
Manifestations;  Primitive  Christianity 
and  its  Corruptions;  and  History  of  the 
Town  of  Milford.  He  died  in  1890. 

BALLOU,  AURELIA  A.,  writer,  poet, 
was  born  in  Hannibal,  Mo.  She  is  the 
author  of  over  one  thousand  letters  writ 
ten  to  prominent  newspapers,  the  first 
being  written  in  1859,  and  dated  Florence, 
Italy.  She  has  also  contributed  many 
meritorious  poems  to  current  literature, 
and  her  productions  appear  in  Poets  of 
America  and  other  standard  works. 


BALLOU.  DANIEL  R.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1837,  in  Smith- 
field,  R.  I.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  Rhode 
Island  and  the 
Brown  university. 
During  the  civil  war 
he  served  as  a  union 
soldier  in  the  twelfth 
regiment  of  the 
Rhode  Island  volun 
teer  infantry  and 
was  promoted  lieu 
tenant;  also  was 
colonel  in  the  Rhode 

Island    militia.      He 

has     served      as     a 

member  of  the  Rhode  Island  general  as 
sembly  from  Smithfield  and  Providence. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  city  council 
of  Providence,  and  president  of  the  board 
of  aldermen.  He  has  attained  promin 
ence  as  an  able  lawyer,  and  is  the  senior 
member  of  the  law  firm  of  Ballon  and 
Tower  of  Providence,  R.  I. 

BALLOU,  DANIEL  W.,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1837,  in  Cuyahoga 
Falls,  Ohio.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier 
in  company  K,  tenth  regiment  Illinois  in 
fantry.  He  participated  in  fifteen  engage 
ments,  and  his  dash  and  bravery  became 
proverbial  in  the  army.  He  carried  an 
unextricable  rebel  bullet  in  his  lungs  for 
twenty-three  years,  and  finally  died  from 
its  effects  March  9,  1885,  in  Oakland,  Cal. 
BALLOU,  ELI,  D.  D.,  clergyman,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1808,  in  Leroy, 
N.  Y.  From  1840  to  1870  he  was  the  owner 
and  editor  of  the  universalist  periodical, 
entitled  The  Christian  Repository.  He 
died  March  12,  1883. 

BALLOU,  FREDERICK  MILTON, 
manufacturer,  legislator,  was  born  June 
21,  1818,  in  Cumberland,  R.  I.  He  was  a 
successful  woolen  manufacturer  and  rep 
resented  the  city  of  Baltimore  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1870  and  1883,  and  for  three 
years  was  a  member  of  the  city  council. 
He  died  in  1889. 

BALLOU,  HENRY  LATIMER,  financier, 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1841,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful  financier 
and  treasurer  of  various  banks  and  socie 
ties.  He  was  elected  to  the  Rhode  Island 
state  senate  in  1888. 

BALLOU,  HOSEA,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  30,  1771,  in  Richmond,  N. 
H.  He  is  justly  regarded  as  the  most 
distinguished  Ballou 
in  America,  and  two 
separate  volumes 
have  been  published 
to  commemorate  his 
celebrity.  He  was 
the  author  of  a  trea 
tise  on  Atonement; 
Notes  on  the  Para 
bles,  and  other  re 
ligious  works.  He 
was  the  founder  of 
universalism,  and 
established  the  first 
newspaper  devoted  to  this  doctrine.  Af 
ter  sixty  years  of  public  service,  he  died 
June  7,  1852,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

'  BALLOU,  HOSEA,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  18,  1796,  in  Halifax,  Vt.  He 
uas  a  universal  1st  clergyman  and  the  first 
president  of  Tufts  college  in  1854-61.  He 
was  the  author  of  Ancient  History  of  Uni 
versalism.  He  died  May  27.  1861,  in 
Somerville,  Mass. 

BALLOU,  HOSEA,  farmer,  merchant, 
genealogist,  was  born  July  12,  1827,  In 
Fenner,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  busi 
ness  man.  and  aided  greatly  in  collecting 
historical  data  for  the  genealogy  of  the 
Ballon  family. 


HERRINGSHAWS     KNCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


75 


BALLOU,  HOSEA  STARR,  banker,  was 
born  Feb.  9,  1857,  in  North  Orange,  Mass. 
He  graduated  from  the  Harvard  universi 
ty  and  the  university  of  Berlin,  and  is  a 
successful  financier  and  banker  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

BALLOU,  LATIMER  WHIFFLE,  finan 
cier,  banker,  legislator,  author,  was  born 
March  1,  1812,  in  Cumberland,  R.  I.  He 
commenced  life  as  a 
printer,  and  was  one 
of  the  founders  of 
the  Cambridge  Press, 
with  which  he  re 
mained  for  seven 
years.  In  1850  he 
became  treasurer 
and  bank  cashier  of 
the  Woonsoeket  In 
stitution  for  Savings, 
the  deposits  of  which 
institution  rose  to 
five  million  dollars 
under  his  sagacious  and  judicious  man 
agement.  He  has  always  taken  a  deep 
interest  in  public  affairs;  was  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1860;  delegate  from  Rhode 
Island  to  the  national  republican  conven 
tion  in  1872;  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  in  1874,  receiving  the  re-election 
the  two  succeeding  terms,  and  filled  that 
office  with  distinction.  He  is  the  author 
of  the  Ballou  Genealogy,  a  work  which  re 
flects  great  honor  on  himself  and  his  de 
scendants. 

BALLOU,  MATURIN  MURRAY,  pub 
lisher,  author,  was  born  April  14,  1820,  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  and  a  son  of  H.  Ballou, 
2nd.  He  is  the  founder  and  editor  of  sev 
eral  periodicals  in  Boston  which  bore  his 
name,  and,  in  h}s  later  years,  a  traveler 
to  all  parts  of  the  world.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  Cuba;  Life  of  Hosea 
Kallou;  Due  West,  or  Round  the  World 
in  Ten  Months;  Due  South,  or  Cuba  Past 
and  Present;  Due  North:  Glimpses  of 
Scandinavia  and  Russia;  Under  the 
Southern  Cross:  Travels  in  Australia, 
Tasmania,  New  Zealand,  etc.;  Alaska: 
The  New  Eldorado;  Aztec  Land;  The 
Story  of  Malta;  The  Pearl  of  India,  a 
description  of  Ceylon;  Equatorial  Ameri 
ca,  a  description  of  visits  to  the  Lesser 
Antilles  and  to  South  American  capitals; 
jind  Footprints  of  Travel. 

BALLOU,  MOSES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  24,  1811,  in  Monroe,  Mass. 
He  was  a  nephew  of  H.  Ballou,  1st,  and, 
like  him,  a  universalist  clergyman.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Divine  Character 
Vindicated.  He  died  May  19,  1879,  in 
Atco,  N.  J. 

BALLOU,  NAHUM  ENON,  physician, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1822, 
in  Plymouth,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  a  student 
of  meteorology  for  nearly  half  a  century, 
and  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  works 
on  that  subject.  Since  1863  he  has  been 
United  States  pension  surgeon,  being  now 
one  of  the  oldest  in  the  service. 

BAfcLOU,  OREN  ALDRICH,  manufac 
turer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1813 
in  Cumberland,  R.  I.  He  was  a  successful 
manufacturer  and  represented  the  city  of 
Providence  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1867-78.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1877. 

BALLOU.  PHINEAS  DODGE,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  March  3,  1823,  in  Starks- 
borough.  Vt.  For  two  terms  he  was 
mayor  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  and  served  as  a 
member  in  the  Vermont  state  legislature. 
He  died  Jan.  16,  1877,  in  Deadwood,  N.  D. 

BALLOU,  SULLIVAN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  March  28,  1827, 
in  Smithfield,  R.  I.  He  was  a  successful 
lawyer;  became  a  member  of  the  Rhode 
Island  house  of  representatives,  and  was 


unanimously  chosen  speaker.  He  was 
one  of  the  most  prominent  men  of  his 
native  state;  and  lost  his  life  at  the  dis 
astrous  battle  of  Bull  Run. 

BALSLEY,  ALFRED  H.,  journalist, 
was  born  Dec.  15,  1828,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
In  1853  he  purchased  the  Grand  Rivor 
Record;  in  1876  purchased  the  Jeffer- 
sonian;  and  was  also  the  proprietor  of 
the  Attica  Journal  and  the  Carey  Times 
of  Ohio. 

BALTES,  PETER  JOSEPH,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  7,  1827,  in  Ba 
varia.  He  studied  at  the  college  of  the 
Holy  Cross,  Worcester,  Mass.,  at  St.  Ig 
natius  college,  Chicago,  and  at  Lavalle 
university,  Montreal,  and  was  ordained 
priest  in  1853,  and  consecrated  bishop  of 
Alton  in  1870.  He  was  the  author  of  Pas 
toral  Instruction.  He  died  Feb.  15,  1886, 
in  Alton,  111. 

BALTZER,  HERMAN  R.,  merchant, 
was  born  Feb.  16,  1826,  in  Germany.  He 
has  been  Russian  vice-consul  in  New 
York  city,  and  was  a  member  of  a  Euro 
pean  banking  house.  Mr.  Baltzer  is  a  di 
rector  of  the  Germania  Life  Insurance 
company,  and  vice-president  of  the  Colo 
rado  Central  Consolidated  Mining  com 
pany  of  New  York  city. 

BAMPFIELD,  SAMUEL  JONES,  law 
yer,  journalist,  legislator,  was  born  Dec. 
5,  1849,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Lincoln  university  of 
Chester  county,  Pa.  In  1874  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  by  the  supreme  court; 
was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  of 
South  Carolina  in  1874-76;  and  clerk  of 
the  circuit  court  during  1876-96.  In  1897 
he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Beaufort, 
S.  C.;  and  since  1888  has  been  the  editor 
and  proprietor  of  The  New  South. 

BANCROFT,  AARON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1755,  in  Reading, 
Pa.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Worcester,  Mass.,  in  1785-1839,  and  was 
prominent  in  the  earlier  days  of  the  uni- 
tarian  movement  as  a  writer  in  its  be 
half.  He  was  the  author  of  Sermons  on 
the  Doctrines  of  the  Gospel;  and  A  Life 
of  Washington.  He  died  Aug.  19,  1839,  in 
Worcester,  Mass. 

BANCROFT,  EDWARD,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1744,  in  Westfleld. 
Mass.  He  was  a  physician  who  resided 
chiefly  in  London,  where  he  was  supposed 
to  have  been  a  spy  of  the  English  gov 
ernment  during  the  American  revolution. 
He  was  the  author  of  Natural  History  of 
Guiana;  Researches  Concerning  the  Phi 
losophy  of  Permanent  Colors;  Charles 
Wentworth:  a  Novel;  and  several  politi 
cal  works.  He  died  Sept.  8,  1820,  in  Eng 
land. 

BANCROFT,  MRS.  FLORENCE  MAI, 
poet.  She  is  a  successful  writer  of  Lex 
ington,  Neb.;  and  the  author  of  a  num 
ber  of  meritorious  poems. 

BANCROFT,  GEORGE,  historian,  was 
^orn  Oct.  3,  1800,  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He 
commenced  his  education  at  Exeter 
academy,  N.  H.,  and 
graduated  at  Cam 
bridge  university  in 
1817.  In  1818  he  vis 
ited  Europe,  studied 
atGottingenand  Ber 
lin,  and  traveled 
extensively.  In  1823 
he  published  a  vol 
ume  of  poems;  in 
1824  a  translation 
of  Heeren's  Politics 
of  Greece;  and  be 
came  a  frequent  con 
tributor  to  the  North  American  and  other 
reviews.  On  his  return  from  Europe  he 
spent  one  year  as  a  tutor  at  Harvard; 


and  was  at  the  head  of  the  Round  Hill 
school  at  Northampton.  From  1838  to 
1841  he  was  collector  of  the  port  of  Bos 
ton,  appointed  by  President  Van  Buren; 
in  1844  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
the  governorship  of  Massachusetts;  in 
1845  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  navy; 
and  in  1846  was  appointed  minister  to 
Great  Britain,  remaining  there  until  1849. 
On  his  return  settled  in  New  York  and 
became  an  active  member  of  various 
learned  societies.  In  1844  he  published  the 
first  volume  of  his  History  of  the  United 
States,  which  now  contains  twelve 
volumes;  in  1855  published  his  Literary 
and  Historical  Miscellanies;  in  1865,  by 
invitation  of  congress,  delivered,  in  the 
capitol  an  oration  on  the  death  of  Abra 
ham  Lincoln;  and  in  1867  was  appointed 
minister  to  Prussia.  He  died  in  1891. 

BANCROFT,  HUBERT  HOWE,  publish 
er  author,  was  born  May  5,  1832,  in  Gran- 
ville,  Ohio.  Early  in  life  he  moved  to  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  and 
there  opened  the 
first  book  store  on 
the  Pacific  coast.  He 
subsequently  added 
a  publishing  estab 
lishment,  which  has 
become  the  largest 
publishing  house 
west  of  New  York 
city.  He  has  im 
pressed  himself  upon 
the  literature  of  the 
nineteenth  century, 
by  a  colossal  work  entitled  History  of  the 
Pacific  States  of  North  America,  includ 
ing  Central  America,  Mexico,  California, 
Oregon  and  British  Columbia,  in  thirty- 
nine  volumes.  He  is  also  the  author  of 
The  Native  Races  of  the  Pacific  States,  in 
five  volumes;  The  Early  American 
Chroniclers;  Popular  History  of  the  Mexi 
can  People;  Literary  Industries,  an  au 
tobiography;  The  Book  of  the  Fair;  and 
Wealth  of  Nations. 

BANCROFT,  LUCIUS  W.,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1827,  in 
Worcester,  Mass.  In  1862  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  divinity  in  Kenyon  college, 
Gambier,  Ohio;  for  five  years  professor 
in  the  divinity  school  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  the  epis 
copal  churches  of  South  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
BANCROFT,  WILLIAM  L.,  was  born 
Aug.  12,  1825,  in  Martinsburg,  N.  Y.  In 
1859  he  was  a  representative;  in  1865  a 
.senator  of  the  Michigan  state  legislature, 
and  was  secretary  of  the  state  senate  in 
1849.  He  has  been  a  democratic  nominee 
for  congress  and  for  secretary  of  state.  He 
was  the  first  mayor  of  Port  Huron,  Mich., 
and  has  been  postmaster  of  that  city. 

BANDELIER,  ADOLPH  FRANCIS  AL- 
PHONSE,  archaeologist,  author,  was  born 
Aug. -6,  1840,  in  Switzerland.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Art  of  War  and  Mode  of 
Warfare;  Tenure  of  Land  and  Inherit 
ances  of  the  Ancient  Mexicans;  Historical 
Introduction  to  Studies  among  the  Seden 
tary  Indians  of  New  Mexico;  Archaeolog 
ical  Tour  in  Mexico  in  1881;  and  The  De 
light  Makers,  a  novel  of  Pueblo  Indian 
Life. 

BANES,  CHARLES  H.,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  24, 1831,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  served  through  the  civil  war,  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in 
1864.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  en 
titled  History  of  the  Philadelphia  Brig 
ade. 

BANGS,  FRANCIS  C.,  actor,  was  born 
in  October,  1837,  in  Virginia.  His  first  ap 
pearance  on  the  stage  was  in  November, 
1852,  in  the  Old  National  theater,  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 


76 


HKKRINGSHAWS     K.XCYCI.UPKDI  A      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAI'IiY. 


BANGS.  FRANCIS  NEHEMIAH,  law 
yer,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1828,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  one  of  the  original  members 
of  the  Bar  association  of  New  York,  and 
was  its  president  in  1882  and  1883.  He 
was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Union 
League  club  in  New  York  city.  He  died 
Nov.  30,  1885,  in  Ocala,  Fla. 

BANGS,  JOHN  KENDRICK,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1862  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  humorous  writer  of  Yonkers,  N.  Y., 
and  one  of  the  founders  of  Life.  He  is  the 
author  of  Three  Weeks  in  Politics;  Coffee 
and  Repartee;  The  Idiot;  The  Water 
Ghost;  Mr.  Bonaparte  of  Corsica;  A 
House  Boat  on  the  Styx;  The  Bicy 
clers  and  Other  Farces;  Toppleton's 
Client;  and  A  Rebellious  Heroine. 

BANGS,  NATHAN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  2,  1778,  in  Stratford,  Conn. 
He  was  an  active  methodist  theologian 
and  controversialist,  very  prominent  in 
the  literary  history  of  his  church  and  a 
most  prolific  writer.  Among  his  works 
are  comprised  History  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  to  1840;  Errors  of  Hop- 
kinsianism;  Life  of  Arminius;  Letters  to 
a  Young  Preacher;  Letters  on  Sanctiflca- 
tion;  and  Methodist  Episcopacy.  He  died 
May  3,  1862,  in  New  York  city. 

BANIGAN,  JOSEPH,  manufacturer,  was 
born  June  7,  1839,  in  Ireland.  He  organ 
ized  The  Woonsocket  Rubber  company  in 
1866,  and  has  ever  since  been  its  president 
and  general  manager,  making  his  home  in 
Providence,  R.  I. 

BANISTER,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Virginia  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1778  to  1779,  and 
signed  the  articles  of  confederation. 

BANISTER,  JOHN,  botanist,  author, 
was  born  in  16 —  in  England.  He  was  a 
Virginia  botanist  who  assisted  the  Eng 
lish  naturalist,  John  Ray,  and  was  the 
author  of  Observations  on  the  Natural 
Productions  of  Jamaica;  Insects  of  Vir 
ginia;  Curiosities  of  Virginia;  The  Un 
seen  Lupus;  and  The  Pistolochia,  or  Ser- 
pentaria  Virginiana.  The  genus  Banis- 
teria  was  named  in  his  honor.  He  died 
in  1692  in  Virginia. 

BANISTER,  JOHN,  soldier,  legislator, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  assembly,  and  of  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  1778  to  1779.  In 
1781.  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  Virginia 
cavalry,  he  took  an  active  part  in  repelling 
the  British  from  his  state.  He  died  1787 
in  Hatchers  Run,  Va. 

BANKARD,  HENRY  NICHOLAS,  busi 
ness  man,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1834,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  published  a  paper  which 
was  strongly  commended  for  its  breadth 
of  view  and  its  force  of  statement.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  real  es 
tate  exchange  of  Baltimore,  and  is  also 
director  of  the  Taxpayer  association. 

BANKHEAD,  JOHN  H.,  farmer,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1842,  in 
Lamar,  Ala.  He  is  a  farmer;  served  four 
years  in  the  confederate  army,  being 
wounded  three  times,  and  represented 
Marion  county  in  the  general  assembly, 
sessions  of  1865,  1866,  and  1867;  he  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1876-77, 
and  of  the  house  of  representatives  in 
1880-81.  He  was  warden  of  the  Alabama 
penitentiary  from  1881  till  1885,  and  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty- 
fifth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

BANKHEAD.  JOHN  PINE,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1821,  in  South  Caro 
lina.  He  entered  the  navy  as  a  midship 
man;  was  made  a  lieutenant  in  1852;  com 
mander  in' 1862;  and  captain  in  1866.  He 
died  April  27.  1867,  in  Arabia. 


BANKS,  EUGENE,  lawyer,  poet.  He  is 
a  successful  lawyer  of  Chicago,  111.,  and  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Where  Brooks  Go  Softly. 

BANKS,  GARDNER,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Waltham,  Mass.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  civil  war  he  raised  a  company  for  the 
sixteenth  Massachusetts  regiment,  in 
which  he  rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel  in 
1862.  Gen.  Hooker  said,  in  a  letter  to 
Governor  Andrew:  There  is  no  doubt 
but  at  Glendale  the  sixteenth  Massachu 
setts  saved  the  army.  He  died  July  9, 
1871,  in  Waltham,  Mass. 

BANKS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1793  in  Juniata  county, 
Pa.  '  He  received  a  classical  education; 
studied  law;  came  to  the  bar  in  1819,  and 
settled  in  the  western  part  of  the  state. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1831  to  1836,  when  he 
resigned  to  accept  the  appointment  of 
president  judge  of  the  third  judicial  dis 
trict  of  the  state.  He  died  April  3,  1864, 
in  Reading. 

BANKS,  LINN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Virginia.  He  was  for  twenty  success 
ive  years  speaker  of  the  house  of  delegates 
of  that  state.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Virginia  from  1838  to  1842. 
He  was  drowned  Feb.  24,  1842,  in  Madison 
county,  Va. 

BANKS,  LOUIS  ALBERT,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  1855  in  Oregon.  He  is  a 
prominent  methodist  clergyman  and  the 
author  of  The  Saloon  Keeper's  Ledger,  a 
Series  of  Temperance  Discourses;  The 
Fisherman  and  his  Friends;  Common 
Folks'  Religion;  Revival  Quiver,  a  Rec 
ord  of  Revival  Campaigns;  The  People's 
Christ;  White  Slaves,  or  the  Oppression 
of  the  Worthy  Poor;  The  Honeycombs 
of  Life;  and  Christ  and  His  Friends. 

BANKS,  MARY  ROSS,  author,  was 
born  March  4,  1846,  in  Macon,  Ga.  Her 
literary  fame  was  attained  principally 
through  her  book  entitled  Bright  Days  on 
the  Old  Plantation,  which  was  published 
in  1882. 

BANKS,  MAUD,  actress,  after  a  course 
of  study  and  training  at  the  New  York 
school  of  acting,  went  upon  the  stage  in 
1886,  making  her  first  appearance  at  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.,  in  the  character  of  Par- 
thenia  in  lugomar. 

BANKS,  NATHANIEL  P.,  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  in  1816  in  Waltham, 
Mass.  He  worked  in  a  cotton  factory;  lec 
tured  in  public;  edit 
ed  a  country  newspa 
per;  held  a  custom 
house  position;  prac 
ticed  law;  in  1849 
and  1851  was  sent  to 
the  state  legislature; 
in  1852  was  member 
of  congress;  in  1853 
presided  over  the 
state  constitutional 
convention;  was 
three  times  elected 
governor  of  his 
state;  was  president  of  the  I.  C.  R.  R.  in 
1860;  served  brilliantly  as  commander  in 
(ho  Union  army,  and  was  several  times 
re-elected  to  congress.  He  died  in  1894. 

BANNEKER,  BENJAMIN,  astronomer, 
was  born  Nov.  9,  1731,  at  Ellicott's  Mills, 
Md.  He  was  an  astronomer  and  mathe 
matician  of  African  descent,  who  assisted 
in  the  original  survey  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  published  an  astronomical 
almanac  1792-1806.  He  died  in  October, 
1806,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

BANNING,  EPHRAIM,  lawyer,  was 
born  July  21,  1849,  near  Biishnell,  111.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  public 
schools  and  the  academy  at  Brookfleld, 


the  following  year  opened  a  law  office.  He- 
has  made  a  specialty  of  patent  and  trade 
mark  law,  and  is  one  of  the  best  known 
lawyers  in  bis  branch  of  profession  in  Chi 
cago.  In  1896  he  was  a  presidential 
elector,  and  in  1897  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Tanner  a  member  of  the  state 
board  of  charities. 

BANNING,  HENRY  B.,  general,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1834,  in. 
Mount  Vernon,  Ohio.  He  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  and  practiced 
law  at  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio,  until  1861, 
when  he  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier;  rose 
to  the  rank  of  brevet  major-general.  He 
represented  Knox  county  in  the  Ohio  leg 
islature  in  1866  and  1867;  removed  to 
Cincinnati  in  the  year  1869,  where  he  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  forty-third,  forty-fourth  and  for 
ty-fifth  congresses. 

BANNISTER,  E.  M.,  artist,  was  born 
in  1833,  in  Andrews,  New  Brunswick.  He 
studied  art  at  the  Lowell  institute,  Boston, 
and  spent  the  greater  part  of  his  profes 
sional  life  there.  In  1871  he  removed  to- 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  has  contributed  reg 
ularly  to  the  Boston  Art  club  exhibitions. 
His  picture  Under  the  Oaks  was  awarded 
a  first-class  medal  at  the  centennial  ex 
hibition  of  1876. 

BANTA,  MELISSA  E.,  poet,  was  born. 
March  27,  1834,  in  Cincinnati.  Ohio;  has 
attained  prominence  in  literature,  and  her 
poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  several 
standard  publications.  She  is  the  wife  of 
Judge  Banta,  of  Bloomington,  Ind. 

BANVARD,  JOHN,  artist,  author,  poet, 
was  born  about  1820,  in  New  York.  He 
was  an  artist  and  poet  whose  famous 
"nanorama  of  the  Mississippi  covered  three 
miles  of  canvas.  He  wrote  much  indiffer 
ent  verse,  and  published  books  of  a  mis 
cellaneous  nature.  He  was  the  author  of 
Amasis,  the  Last  of  the  Pharaohs,  after 
ward  dramatized  by  him;  Carrinia:  a 
Drama;  Description  of  the  Mississippi 
River;  Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land;  The 
Private  Life  of  a  King;  A  Tradition  of 
the  Temple,  and  a  Poem.  He  died  in  1891. 
BANVARD,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  9,  1810,  in  New  York 
city,  and  a  brother  of  John  Banvard.  He 
was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Massachu 
setts,  who  beside  contributing  somewhat 
largely  to  Sunday-school  literature  wrote 
much  in  other  directions.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Romance  of  American  History; 
Plymouth  and  the  Pilgrims;  Novelties  of 
the  New  World,  or  Adventures  and  Dis 
coveries  of  the  First  Explorers;  Tragic 
Scenes  in  the  History  of  Maryland;  The 
American  Statesman,  a  Memoir  of  Web 
ster;  Southern  Explorers;  Soldiers  and 
Patriots  of  the  Revolution;  and  Priscilla. 

BARAGA,  FRIEDRIC,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  29,  1797.  He  was  a 
Roman  Catholic  missionary  who  came  to 
America  in  1830  from  Austria,  and 
became  bishop  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
in  1852.  He  devoted  himself  to 
mission  work  among  the  Chippewa  or 
Ojibway  Indians,  and  beside  writing  sev 
eral  books  in  their  tongue  prepared  a 
Grammar  and  Dictionary  of  the  Otchipe- 
we  Language.  He  died  Jan.  19,  1868,  in 
Marquette,  Mich. 

BARBE,  WAITMAN,  lecturer,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1863, 
in  Morgantown,  W.  Va.  He  is  the  editor 
of  the  Daily  State  Journal  of  Parkersburg, 
W.  Va.,  and  the  author  of  Ashes  and  In 
cense,  a  volume  of  poems  containing 
gems  of  rare  genius;  and  a  volume  of 
short  stories,  entitled  In  the  Virginias. 
He  has  also  attained  prominence  as  a 
lecturer  before  schools  and  colleges  on 


Mo.     He  moved   to  Chicago  in  1871,  and    literary   and   educational   subjects. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


77 


BARBEE,  WILLIAM  J.,  educator, 
•clergyman,  physician,  author,  was  born  in 
1816  in  Winchester,  Ky.  He  was  educated 
at  Miami  university,  Oxford,  Ohio,  and 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Drake,  of  Cin- 
•cinnati,  where  he  practiced  from  1836  to 
1846.  He  afterward  taught  school  in  Ken 
tucky,  Tennessee,  and  Missouri,  and  also 
became  a  preacher  of  the  Christian  or 
•Campbellite  denomination.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Physical  and  Moral  Aspects  of 
Geology  (Philadelphia,  1869);  .The  Cot 
ton  Question;  The  Scriptural  Doctrine  of 
Confirmation;  Life  of  the  Apostle  Peter, 
and  other  works. 

BARBER,  AMZI  LORENZO,  capitalist, 
was  born  June  22,  1843,  at  Saxton's  River, 
Vt.  In  1867  he  graduated  from  Oberlin 
college  with  the  de 
gree  of  A.  B.;  and 
_^  in  1868  took  charge 

if  £^       of     the     preparatory 

department  of  the 
Howard  university 
of  Washington.  In 
1887  he  resigned 
from  the  professor 
ship  to  engage  in 
the  real  estate  busi 
ness;  and  since  1878 
has  been  identified 
with  asphalt  pave 
ment.  He  is  president  of  the  Barber  As 
phalt  Pavement  company;  president  of 
the  celebrated  Trinidad  Asphalt  com 
pany;  and  their  asphalt  pavements  are 
used  in  the  principal  cities  of  the  United 
States.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  busi 
ness  men  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

BARBER,  FRANCIS,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1751.  in  Princeton,  N.  J.  In  1767  he 
graduated  from  Princeton  college;  and 
during  1769-76  he  conducted  an  academy 
in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  He  served  with 
distinction  through  the  revolutionary  war, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  adjutant  general. 
He  was  accidentally  killed  by  a  falling 
tree  Feb.  11,  1783,  in  Newburg. 

BARBER,  GEORGE  FRANKLIN,  archi 
tect,  was  born  July  30,  1854,  in  DeKalb, 
111.  He  is  well  known  as  an  architect  of 
Knoxville,  Tenn.;  and  a  writer  on  archi 
tectural  subjects. 

BARBER,  GERSHOM  M.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  2, 
1823,  in  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y.  He  was 
professor  in  Baldwin  institute  four  years 
and  principal  two  years.  He  served  in 
the  civil  war  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  In  1873  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Cleveland; 
in  1875  served  on  the  bench  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas;  and  served  two  terms 
as  a  member  of  the  city  council  of  Cleve 
land,  Ohio. 

BARBER,  HIRAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  24,  1835,  in  Warren 
county,  N.  Y.  He  removed  to  Wisconsin 
in  1846,  and  was  educated  at  the  State 
university  at  Madison;  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  was  district 
attorney  of  Jefferson  county,  Wis.,  in 
1861-62;  was  assistant  attorney  general  of 
the  state  in  1865-66;  and  in  1866  moved  to 
Chicago,  111.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-sixth  con 
gress. 

BARBER,  HOMER  G.,  business  man, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Benson, 
Vt.  He  removed  to  Vermontville,  Mich., 
and  became  a  merchant,  and  in  1871  en 
gaged  in  banking.  In  1871-72  he  was  state 
senator  from  Eaton  and  Barry  counties. 
In  1861  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of 
Vermontville,  and  held  that  position 
eleven  years. 

BARBER,  ISAAC,  physician,  surgeon, 
:  state  senator,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1854,  at 


Forty  Fort,  Pa.  He  is  a  physician  by  pro 
fession.  He  studied  medicine,  and  grad 
uated  from  the  university  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1879.  He  served  as  medical  director  of 
the  Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  com 
pany  in  New  York  city  for  one  year,  and 
located  at  Phillipsburg,  N.  J.,  in  1880.  In 
1897  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
New  Jersey  state  senate,  and  has  since 
continued  in  active  practice. 

BARBER,  ISAAC  AMBROSE,  physician, 
business  man,  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  26,  1852,  near  Salem,  N.  J. 
He  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  medi 
cal  college  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1873 
he  moved  to  Easton,  Md.;  practiced  medi 
cine  for  fifteen  years;  and  since  that  time 
has  been  engaged  in  milling.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Farmers'  and  Mer 
chants  National  bank  of  Easton,  Md. ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  state  legis 
lature  in  1895-96;  and  in  1896  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

BARBER,  J.  ALLEN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Georgia.  Vt.  He  ob 
tained  a  liberal  education  at  the  univer- 

sity      of      Vermont; 

studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  practice 
in  1833.  In  1837  he 
removed  to  the  ter 
ritory  of  Wisconsin; 
and  was  a  member  of 
the  first  constitution 
al  convention  of 
Wisconsin  in  1846. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  state  assembly  in 
1852,  1853,  and  1863, 
serving  the  last  year 
as  speaker.  He  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  in  1856  and  1857;  was  elected  to 
the  forty-second  and  forty-third  con 
gresses;  and  served  with  ability  on  nu 
merous  important  committees. 

BARBER,  JOHN  JAY,  soldier,  lawyer, 
artist,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1840,  in  San- 
dusky,  Ohio.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1862;  joined  the  volunteer 
army  in  1863;  returned  sick,  and  upon  re 
covery  determined  to  devote  himself  to 
painting.  He  received  no  instruction  in 
art,  but  settled  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  in 
1871,  and  opened  a  studio.  He  devoted 
himself  at  first  to  landscapes,  delineating 
scenes  in  the  Muskingum  valley.  Subse 
quently  he  executed  cattle  pieces,  and  after 
1881  exhibited  in  the  National  academy  in 
New  York. 

BARBER,  JOHN  WARNER,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  2,  1798,  in  Windsor,  Conn. 
He  was  an  industrious  annalist  whose 
compilations,  though  of  slight  literary 
merit,  are  valuable  as  historical  material 
not  so  readily  accessible  elsewhere.  He 
is  the  author  of  Historical  Collections  of 
Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  York, 
New  Jersey,  Virginia,  and  Ohio,  the  four 
last  being  prepared  with  the  assistance  of 
Henry  Howe;  History  of  New  Haven; 
Elements  of  General  History;  and  His 
torical  Scenes  in  the  United  States.  He 
died  in  June,  1885,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

BARBER,  LEVI,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Litchfield  county,  Conn.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1817  to  1819,  and  again  from  1821  to  1823. 

BARBER,  MARY  AUGUSTINE,  educa 
tor,  was  born  in  1789,  in  Newtown,  Conn. 
She  entered  the  visitation  convent  of 
Georgetown  in  1818  with  her  four  daugh 
ters.  She  was  a  woman  of  superior  edu 
cation,  and  the  convent  and  school  pro 
gressed  rapidly  during  her  residence.  In 
1836  she  founded  a  convent  of  the  visita 
tion  in  Kaskaskia,  111.,  where  she  re 
mained  until  1844.  She  died  in  1860,  in 
Mobile,  Ala. 


BARBER,  NOYES,  merchant,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  28,  1781,  in 
Groton,  Conn.  He  was  in  early  life  a 
merchant,  but  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  his  native  state  from  1821  to  1835. 
He  died  Jan.  3,  1845,  in  Groton,  Conn. 

BARBER,  OTHO  C.,  president  of  the 
Diamond  Match  company,  was  born  April 
20,  1841,  in  Middlebury,  N.  Y.  In  1880, 

The     Barber     Match 

company,  of  which 
he  was  at  the  head, 
was  making  over 
one-fourth  of  the 
matches  manufac 
tured  in  the  United 
States.  About  this 
time,  Mr.  Barber  saw 
the  advantages  of 
consolidating  a  num 
ber  of  the  leading 
manufactories,  and 
instead  of  thirty 
factories  being  required  for  their  manu 
facture,  ninety  per  cent,  of  the  matches 
in  America  are  now  manufactured  in  five 
factories.  In  1889  The  American  Straw 
Board  company  was  organized  with  $6,- 
000,000  capital,  with  Mr.  Barber  as  presi 
dent,  in  which  position  he  served  until 
1894.  In  1891  Mr.  Barber  and  associates 
founded  the  town  of  Barberton,  Ohio.  He 
is  president  of  The  Ohio  Tube  company, 
of  Warren,  Ohio,  and  of  The  Barberton 
Belt  Line  Railroad  company. 

BARBER,  WILLIAM  ALEXANDER, 
lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  10, 1869,  in  Chester, 
county,  S.  C.  In  1889  he  graduated  with 
distinction  from  the  South  Carolina  col 
lege,  and  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B. 
and  LL.  B.  In  1894  he  was  elected  attor 
ney  general  of  South  Carolina,  and  in 
1896  received  the  re-election  without  op 
position. 

HARBOUR,  G.  L.,  author,  poet.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  End  of  Time;  and  his 
poems  have  appeared  in  numerous  col 
lections. 

BARBOUR,  GEORGE  HARRISON, 
manufacturer,  was  born  June  26,  1843,  in 
Collinsville,  Conn.  He  is  the  president 
and  general  manager 
of  the  Michigan 
Stove  company; 

first  president  of  the 
Chamber  of  Com 
merce;  president  of 
the  Manufacturing 
club;  director  of  the 
Buck  Stove  and 
Range  company,  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.;  ex- 
president  of  the  Na 
tional  Association 
Stove  manufactory; 

and  served  as  president  of  the  city  coun 
cil  of  Detroit  in  1888.  He  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  business  and  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city  and  state;  and  has  been 
foremost  in  various  public  improvements 
and  charitable  works. 

BARBOUR.  JAMES,  state  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  June  10,  1775,  in  Orange 
county,  Va.  He  was  speaker  of  the  house 
of  delegates,  and  governor  of  that  state; 
and  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  1815 
to  1825.  He  was  appointed  secretary  of 
war  in  1825,  and  minister  to  England  In 
1828.  He  died  June  8,  1842,  in  Orange 
county,  Va. 

BARBOUR,  JOHN  HUMPHREY,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1854,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  is  an  epis 
copal  clergyman,  professor  of  New  Tes 
tament  interpretation  at  the  Berkeley 
Divinity  school  of  Middletown,  Conn.;  and 
the  author  of  Beginnings  of  the  Historic 
Episcopate. 


78 


HERRINO8HAW8     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAl'HY. 


HARBOUR,  JOHN  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  8,  1790,  in  Culpeper  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  in  early  life  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature;  from  1823-33  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  from  Virginia;  member  of 
the  constitutional  convention  in  1829-30; 
and  again  in  the  state  legislature  in  1833- 
34.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1855,  in  Culpeper 
county,  Va. 

HARBOUR,  JOHN  S.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Bee.  29,  1820,  in  Culpeper  county,  Va. 
He  began  the  practice  of  law  in  his  na 
tive  county  of  Culpeper;  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  of  Virginia  from  Culpeper 
county  in  1847,  and  was  re-elected,  serving 
four  consecutive  sessions.  He  was  elected 
president  of  the  railroad  company  then 
called  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  Rail 
road  company  in  1852,  and  served  in  that 
position  until  it  was  merged  into  what  is 
now  known  as  the  Virginia  Midland  Rail 
road  company,  of  which  he  was  president 
till  he  resigned,  in  1883.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  and 
forty-ninth  congresses,  and  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate,  serving  during 
1889-95. 

HARBOUR,  JOSEPH  L.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator.  From  1877  to  1884  he  was  prosecut 
ing  attorney  of  Hartford,  Conn.  He  is  a 
popular  member  of  the  Connecticut  state 
legislature  and  the  speaker  of  the  house. 

HARBOUR,  LUCIEN,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  4,  1811,  in 
Canton,  Conn.  He  was  appointed,  by 
President  Polk,  United  States  district  at 
torney;  acted  a  number  of  times  as  ar 
bitrator  between  the  state  of  Indiana  and 
private  corporations;  and  in  1852  was  ap 
pointed  a  commissioner  to  prepare  a  code 
of  practice  for  the  state.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  Indiana  in  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress. 

HARBOUR,  LUCIUS  ALBERT,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1846,  in  Madi 
son,  Ind.  In  1882  he  became  identified 
with  The  Willimantic  Linen  Co.,  a 
concern  organized  in  1854,  which  was  the 
first  to  make  all  sizes  of  six-cord  spool 
cotton  from  the  raw  material,  and  is  now 
president  and  treasurer  of  that  great  in 
dustry. 

BARBOUR,  OLIVER  LORENZO,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  July  12,  1811,  In 
Cambridge,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  eminent 
lawyer  of  New  York  state;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Equity  Digest;  Criminal  Law; 
The  Law  of  Set-Off ;  Practice  of  the  Court 
of  Chancery;  and  Summary  of  the  Law 
of  Parties  to  Actions  at  Law,  and  many 
legal  reports.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1889,  In 
Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. 

BARBOUR,  PHILIP  P.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May  25, 
1783,  in  Orange  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1814-25  and  1827-30;  speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives,  in  1821;  and  in  1825 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  eastern  dis 
trict  of  Virginia.  In  1836  he  was  ap 
pointed  associate  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States.  He  died  Feb. 
25,  1841,  in  Washington  city. 

BARBOUR,  ROBERT,  manufacturer. 
With  his  brother  Thomas  he  established 
the  industry  in  Paterson,  N.  J.,  under  the 
name  of  The  Harbour  Flax  Spinning 
Co.,  Robert  being  president  of  the  com 
pany. 

BARBOUR,  THOMAS,  manufacturer, 
was  born  July  9,  1832,  In  Ireland.  In 
1865  The  Barbour  Flax  Spinning  Co. 
was  established,  with  mills  in  Paterson, 
Thomas  Barbour  becoming  president  un 
til  1875,  when  Robert  was  elected  presi 
dent  and  Thomas  vice-president  and 
treasurer.  He  died  Jan.  19,  1885. 


BARBOZA,  MARY  GARNET,  mission 
ary,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1845,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 
In  1881  her  father  was  appointed  United 
States  missionary  to  Liberia,  and  she  ac 
companied  him  to  Africa.  She  visited  the 
United  States  and  England  and  secured 
many  friends  for  the  two  hundred  native 
children  that  composed  her  native  school. 
She  died  Dec.  2,  1890,  in  Liberia,  Africa. 
BARCLAY,  DAVID,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  from  1855-57. 

BARCLAY,  JAMES  TURNER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1807,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  a  leading  clergyman  of 
the  Campbellite  faith,  and  for  many  years 
a  missionary  in  Jerusalem.  He  is  best 
known  as  the  author  of  The  City  of  the 
Great  King,  a  description  of  Jerusalem. 
He  died  in  1874. 

BARCLAY.  ROBERT,  physician,  was 
born  May  8,  1857,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In 
1883  he  was  elected  assistant  aural  sur 
geon  in  the  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  In 
firmary,  serving  until  1885,  when  he  re 
signed,  and  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
By  the  St.  Louis  Medical  society  he  was 
appointed  a  delegate  to  the  American 
Medical  association  in  1888  and  in  1893. 
BARCLAY,  SHEPARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1847,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
and  high  schools,  St.  Louis  university, 
university  of  Virginia  and  Berlin  univer 
sity.  He  began  the  practice  of  law  In 
1872;  in  1882  was  elected  circuit  judge  in 
St.  Louis;  and  in  1888  was  made  a  judge 
of  the  supreme  court. 

BARCLAY,  WILLIAM  FRANKLIN, 
physician,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1842,  in  Jack 
sonville,  Pa.  He  discovered  and  applied 
gold  compounds  in  1893,  in  which  he  suc 
cessfully  combined  gold  with  bromine, 
mercury,  arsenic,  and  other  metals,  in  the 
face  of  the  decree  of  chemistry  that  such 
compounds  were  impossible. 

BARD,  DAVID,  congressman,  was  a 
graduate  of  Princeton  college  in  1773. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1795  to  1799,  and  again 
from  1803  to  1815.  He  died  in  1815,  in 
Virginia. 

BARD,  JOHN,  founder  of  S't.  Stephen's 
college,  was  born  June  2,  1819,  in  Hyde 
Park,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  founder  of  St. 
Stephen's  college,  at  Annandale,  N.  Y., 
a  diocesan  training-school  for  students 
for  the  ministry  of  the  Protestant  Episco 
pal  church,  preparatory  to  entrance  in  the 
general  theological  seminary  in  New 
York  city. 

BARD,  WILLIAM,  was  born  in  October, 
1777,  in  New  York.  He  was  a  pioneer  in 
life  insurance  in  the  United  States,  and 
for  twelve  years  from  its  foundation  in 
1830  the  president  of  the  New  York  Life 
Insurance  and  Trust  company.  He  died 
Oct.  17,  1853. 

BARGER,  SAMUEL  F.,  lawyer,  finan 
cier,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1832,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Central 
Railroad  company;  Harlem  road;  Lake 
Shore  and  Michigan  Southern;  the  Chi 
cago  and  Northwestern;  Union  Tele 
graph  company;  and  many  other  business 
corporations.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Manhattan  club,  and  also  of  the 
Casino  and  Reading  room  at  Newport. 

BARGHOORN,  CHARLES  D.,  lawyer, 
was  born  Jan.  1,  1860,  in  Holland.  Dur 
ing  1883-87  he  served  as  a  school  trustee; 
during  1884-86  was  a  justice  of  the  peace; 
and  since  1892  has  been  prosecuting  at 
torney  in  Luther,  Mich.  Since  1885  he 
has  been  in  the  active  practice  of  law,  In 
which  he  has  been  eminently  successful. 


BARHAM,  JOHN  A.,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  17,  1844,  in 
Missouri.  He  removed  with  his  parents 
to  California  in  1849,  and  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  and  at  the  Hesperian 
college,  in  Woodland,  Cal.  He  taught  in 
the  public  schools  of  California  for  three 
years;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1868,  and  has  practiced  his 
profession  since.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress. 

BARHYDT,  THEODORE  WELLS,  rail 
road  president,  banker,  capitalist,  was 
born  April  10,  1835,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
He  received  an  aca 
demic  education  in 
the  Lyceum  academy 
of  Schenectady,  N. 
Y.  In  1855  he  moved 
to  Burlington,  Iowa, 
where  he  became  one 
of  the  principal 
clerks  in  the  post- 
office.  In  1859  he 
entered  mercantile 
business;  and  since 
1870  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Mer 
chants'  National  bank  of  Burlington, 
of  which  institution  he  was  one  of 
the  organizers.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  and  Northern  Railroad  com 
pany,  and  is  now  president  of  the  Bur 
lington  and  North  Western  and  of  the 
Burlington  and  Western  Railroad  com 
panies.  He  is  the  owner  of  the  Delano 
hotel  and  several  other  fine  business 
buildings;  was  instrumental  in  establish 
ing  the  Burlington  water  works;  and  was 
one  of  the  principal  promoters  and  build 
ers  of  the  first  street  railroad  in  his  city. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trade,  and  a  member  of  the  city  council, 
and  filled  various  other  public  positions 
of  honor. 

BARIGHT,  MARIE  LOUISE,  educator, 
elocutionist,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1864  In 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  She  received  her 
education  in  Cook's  Collegiate  institute 
of  her  native  city;  subsequently  attend 
ing  the  Boston  university,  and  the  School 
of  Expression  of  Boston,  Mass.;  and 
finally  studied  in  the  Chicago  university. 
She  has  been  professor  of  Elocution  and 
English  Literature  in  the  State  Normal 
schools  of  West  Chester,  Pa.;  and  filled 
the  same  chair  in  the  university  of  Ore 
gon. 

BARKER,  ABRAHAM  A.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  March  30,  1816, 
in  Lovell,  Maine.  Mr.  Barjcer  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Chicago  convention  of  1860; 
and  in  1864  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress. 

BARKER,  DAVID,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  a  lawyer  by  profession.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1827  to  1829.  He  died 
April  1,  1834,  in  Rochester,  N.  H. 

BARKER,  FORDYCE,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  2,  1819,  in  Wilton, 
Maine.  He  was  a  New  York  physician  of 
prominence  and  a  professor  in  the  Belle- 
vue  hospital  from  1860;  and  the  author  of 
On  Sea-Sickness;  and  On  Puerperal  Dis 
eases.  He  died  in  1891. 

BARKER,  GEORGE  FREDERICK, 
educator,  author,  was  born  July  14,  1835, 
in  Charlestown,  Mass.  He  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  physics  In  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania  since  1873.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Correlation  of  Vital  and  Physical 
Forces;  and  Text  Book  of  Elementary 
Chemistry. 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


BARKER,  JAMES  NELSON,  author, 
poet,  was  born  June  17,  1784,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  poet 
and  playwright,  and  was  comptroller  of 
the  United  States  treasury  in  1838-50. 
His  dramas  include  Marmion;  The  In 
dian  Princess;  Superstition;  and  Smiles 
and  Tears.  He  died  March  9,  1858,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

BARKER,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1815,  in  White 
Plains,  N.  Y.  In  1859  he  established  an 
extensive  house  in  Pittsburg,  and  trans 
acted  annually  a  very  large  business. 
In  1854  he  was  the  Knownothing  candi 
date  for  mayor  of  New  York  city,  but 
was  defeated  in  a  closely  contested  elec 
tion  by  Fernando  Wood.  He  was  very 
active  in  the  founding  of  the  Order  of 
the  Star  Spangled  Banner,  a  secret  or 
ganization,  having  for  its  object  the  pre 
vention  of  the  political  ascendancy  of  the 
foreign-born  inhabitants  of  the  United 
States,  and  was  its  principal  officer  in 
1853.  From  1867  till  his  death  he  was 
president  of  the  Eclectic  Life  Insurance 
company,  New  York.  He  died  June  26, 
1869,  in  Rahway,  N.  J. 

BARKER,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  con 
gressman.  He  commenced  his  classical 
studies  at  Harvard  university,  and  grad 
uated  at  Yale  college  in  1771.  He  was 
an  ordained  preacher  of  the  gospel;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1805  to  1809.  He  died 
in  1815. 

BARKER,  JOSIAH,  shipbuilder,  was 
born  Nov.  16,  1763,  in  Marshfield,  Mass. 
He  was  United  States  naval  constructor 
about  1810,  and  built  the  Virginia  in  1818, 
the  Warren  in  1826,  the  Cumberland  in 
1842,  and  other  men-of-war.  He  also  re 
built  the  Constitution  in  1834,  and  fur 
nished  the  plans  for  the  Portsmouth. 
He  died  Sept.  23,  1843,  in  Charlestown, 
Mass. 

BARKER,  LORENZO  ABEL,  soldier, 
journalist,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1839,  in 
Naples,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Clarion  of  Reed  City,  Mich.  At 
an  early  age  he  learned  the  printing  busi 
ness;  and  in  1861  enlisted  in  company 
E,  thirteenth  regiment  Missouri  volun 
teers;  which  afterward  was  changed  to 
company  D,  sixty-sixth  company  Illinois 
Western  Sharpshooters.  He  fought  gal 
lantly  during  the  war  and  was  promoted 
sergeant.  In  1884  he  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  the  Blaine  and  Logan  cam 
paign;  and  in  1896  was  again  a  presi 
dential  elector  for  William  McKinley.  He 
served  as  postmaster  of  Reed  City  during 
President  Harrison's  administration.  He 
is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  and  various  other 
fraternal  orders. 

BARKER,  REUBEN  H.  W.,  farmer,  sol 
dier,  state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1846, 
in  Iredell  county,  N.  C.    He  was  educated 
at     Rutherford     col 
lege;     and    was    for 
1    many  years  engaged 
in        merchandising, 
>    but  later   became   a 
,    successful    farmer 
and         stockraiser. 
He  served  two  years 
In     the     confederate 
army   as  a   member 
of   the   twenty-ninth 
regiment  North 

Carolina  troops.  He 
is  the  son  of  the 
Rev.  J.  N.  Barker,  who  for  nearly  fifty 
years  was  a  traveling  methodist  clergy 
man.  He  has  taken  an  active  part  in  pub 
lic  affairs;  has  been  a  justice  of  the 
peace;  and  in  1896  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  North  Carolina  state  senate. 


BARKER,  SAMUEL  ALPHONSO,  law 
yer,  was  born  July  26,  1833,  in  Kennebec, 
Maine.  In  his  youth  he  taught  school, 
and  in  1857  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
the  supreme  court  at  Augusta,  Maine.  For 
ten  years  he  practiced  law  in  his  native 
state;  and  in  1867  moved  to  California. 
He  settled  in  San  Jose,  where  he  is  known 
as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  his 
adopted  state. 

BARKER,  WHARTON,  financier,  was 
born  May  1,  1846,  in  Philadelphia.  He 
was  one  of  the  four  who  organized  in 
Pennsylvania  the  republican  revolution, 
of  1881.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  In 
vestment  company  of  Philadelphia,  and 
also  of  the  Finance  company  of  Philadel 
phia. 

BARKER,  WILLIAM  MORRIS,  mis 
sionary  bishop  of  Olympia,  Wash.,  was 
born  May  12,  1854,  in  Towanda,  Pa.  For 
two  years  he  was  an  assistant  master  in 
the  Bishop  Scott  grammar  school,  of  Port 
land,  Ore.  Until  his  consecration  he 
was  in  charge  of  St.  Paul's  church,  of 
Duluth;  and  president  of  St.  Luke's  hos 
pital  in  that  city. 

BARKLEY,  DAVID  WRIGHT,  journal 
ist,  legislator,  was  born  May  21,  1842,  in 
Fairfield,  111.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  Hayward  Collegi 
ate  institute  of  Fairfield,  111.,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Illinois  legislature.  He  is  the 
editor  and  owner  of  The  Enterprise  of 
Rocky  Ford,  Colo. 

BARKLEY,  HENRY  L.,  educator, 
clergyman,  legislator,  was  born  March  19, 
1858,  in  Adams  county,  Ind.  He  received 
a  thorough  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Ohio,  and  graduated  from  the  high 
school  of  Bryan.  He  has  been  a  success 
ful  educator,  clergyman,  and  is  now  bishop 
of  the  Pacific  coast  district  of  the  United 
Brethren  church  at  Woodburn,  Ore.  He 
served  with  distinction  for  two  terms  as 
a  representative  in  the  Oregon  legislature. 

BARKLEY,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Kentucky.  He  enlisted  as  private  in 
the  one  hundred  and  fourteenth  Illinois 
infantry  in  1862,  and  made  a  capital 
record  as  a  brave  soldier.  He  started  in 
as  a  private  and  worked  his  way  to  briga 
dier-commander.  He  is  senior  brigadier- 
general  in  the  service;  was  for  a  time 
captain  of  battery  B;  and  was  elected 
colonel  of  the  fifth  regiment  in  1877,  hold 
ing  that  position  until  1891. 

BARKSDALE,  ETHELBERT,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  in  Rutherford 
county,  Tenn.  He  received  a  classical 
education;  removed  to  Mississippi  at  an 
early  age,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
journalism.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  confederate  congress  for  four  years; 
was  a  presidential  elector,  and  president 
of  the  Mississippi  college  of  electors,  in 
1876.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Mississippi  to  the  forty-eighth  and 
forty-ninth  congresses. 

BARKSDALE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1821,  in 
Rutherford  county,  Tenn.  He  pursued  a 
partial  course  of  studies  at  the  Nashville 
university;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
held  a  commission  in  the  staff  of  the 
second  Mississippi  regiment,  in  the  Mexi 
can  war,  in  1847.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Mississippi  convention  called  in  1851  to 
discuss  the  compromise  measures  of  1850; 
and  was  elected  representative  from 
Mississippi  in  the  thirty-third,  thirty- 
fourth,  thirty-fifth,  and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses.  He  was  killed  July  2,  1863,  at 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg. 

BARLOW,  BRADLEY,  merchant,  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  May  12,  1814, 
in  Fairfield,  Vt.  He  was  engaged  in  agri 


cultural  and  mercantile  pursuits  until 
1858;  removed  to  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  and  en 
gaged  in  banking  and  other  pursuits.  Ha 
served  six  terms  as  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature,  and  two  terms  as 
state  senator;  was  twice  a  member  of 
state  constitutional  conventions;  and  was 
county  treasurer  for  several  years.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ver 
mont  to  the  forty-sixth  congress. 

BARLOW,  CHARLES  AVERILL,  mer 
chant,  farmer,  congressman,  was  born 
March  17,  1858,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He 
removed  to  San  Luis  Obispo  county,  Cal., 
where  he  acquired  land  and  engaged  in 
wheat  farming.  He  was  state  lecturer  of 
the  Farmers'  alliance  one  term,  and  was 
elected  to  the  state  assembly  from  San 
Luis  Obispo  county  in  1893  on  the  straight 
people's  party  ticket.  He  introduced  a 
number  of  important  bills  in  the  legisla 
ture  and  conducted  them  to  a  successful 
passage.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth, 
congress,  and  took  an  important  part  In 
the  deliberations  of  that  body. 

BARLOW,  FRANCIS  CHANNING,  sol 
dier,  public  official,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1834, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In  Grant's  campaign 
he  captured  the  whole  division  of  Gen. 
Johnston,  and  in  the  final  struggle  and 
pursuit  of  Lee's  routed  army  he  rendered 
essential  service.  He  was  secretary  of  state 
of  New  York. 

BARLOW,  HENRY  C.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1850,  in  Niles, 
Mich.  Since  1894  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Evansville  and  Terre  Haute  rail 
road. 

BARLOW,  JOEL,  patriot,  poet,  was 
born  March  25,  1755,  in  Reading,  Conn. 
As  an  author  he  belonged  to  the  first  class 
of  his  time  in  Ameri 
ca,  and  was  one  of 
the  celebrated  Hart 
ford  Wits.  His  Vis 
ion  of  Columbus,  a 
poem  in  imitation  of 
Milton,  obtained 
great  popularity, 
and  Hasty  Pudding, 
a  humorous  poem 
dedicated  to  Martha 
Washington,  was 
much  admired.  His 
most  elaborate  work, 
Columbiad,  an  epic  poem,  is  considered 
by  critics  to  be  a  failure.  He  died  Dec. 
24,  1812,  near  Cracow,  in  Poland,  while 
serving  as  foreign  ambassador. 

BARLOW,  SAMUEL  LATHAM  MIT 
CHELL,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  June  5, 
1826,  in  Granville,  Mass.  He  was  educated 
in  New  York  city,  where  he  practiced  law 
for  forty  years.  He  gave  much  time  to  the 
collection  of  rare  and  curious  books.  His 
library  of  Americana  was  among  the 
largest  in  the  country.  In  connection 
with  Henry  Harrisse  he  edited  Notes  on 
Columbus,  an  invaluable  work  for  the 
biography  and  bibliography  of  the  discov 
erer  of  the  new  world.  He  died  July  10, 
1890,  in  Glen  Cove,  N.  Y. 

BARLOW,  STEPHEN,  business  man, 
congressman.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1827 
to  1829,  and  was  a  member  of  the  commit 
tee  on  agriculture. 

BARLOW,  THOMAS  HARRIS,  inventor, 
was  born  Aug.  5,  1789,  in  Nicholas  county, 
Ky.  He  settled  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  in 
1835,  and  in  1851  finished  his  first  plane 
tarium  which  is  now  in  Transylvania  uni 
versity  in  that  town.  This  ingenious  and 
useful  piece  of  mechanism  is  now  in  use 
at  West  Point,  the  Washington  observa 
tory,  and  other  institutions.  He  died  In 
1865,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


riKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BARMM.  FRANK  HERMAN,  lawyer, 
was  born  Jan.  25,  1864,  in  Chicago,  111. 
He  is  a  recognized  expert  on  real  estate 
values;  his  own  holdings  in  the  city  of 
Chicago  being  very  extensive  and  val 
uable. 

BARNAM.  CURTIS  FIELD,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  May  24,  1820,  in  Rich 
mond,  Ky.  He  graduated  from  the  law 
school  in  1842,  and  became  prominent  as 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature  of 
Kentucky. 

BARNARD,  CHARLES,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1838,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  a  journalist,  and  the  author 
of  The  Tone  Masters;  The  Soprano;  My 
Ten  Rod  Farm;  Farming  by  Inches;  A 
Simple  Flower  Garden;  The  Strawberry 
Garden;  Legilda  Romanoff;  Knights  of 
To-day;  Co-operation  as  a  Business;  A 
Dead  Town,  a  Romance  of  the  Old  Coun 
try;  Talks  about  the  Weather;  and  Talks 
about  the  Soil. 

BARNARD,  DANIEL  DEWEY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  July  16, 
1797,  in  Sheffield,  Mass.  In  1826  he  was 
elected  district  attorney  for  Monroe  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1827  was  elected  represen 
tative  to  congress.  He  was  again  in  con 
gress  from  1839  to  1845,  when  he  was 
chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee. 
From  1850  to  1853  he  was  United  States 
minister  to  Prussia.  He  was  the  author 
of  numerous  reviews  and  speeches.  He 
died  April  24,  1861,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

BARNARD,  EDMUND  K.,  educator,  was 
born  in  1863,  in  Sank  county,  Wis.  His 
life  has  been  devoted  to  educational  work; 
he  has  been  county  superintendent  of 
schools,  and  has  occupied  the  positions  of 
principal  and  professor  in  various  schools 
of  Oregon  and  Washington. 

BARNARD.  EDMUND  M.,  state  senator, 
was  born  May  28,  1860,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y. 
In  1891  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  Michigan  state  legislature;  was  a 
member  of  the  senate  in  1893-94,  and  re 
ceived  the  re-election  in  1895-96,  and  again 
in  1897-98. 

BARNARD,  EDWARD  EMERSON,  as 
tronomer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1857, 
in  Nashville,  Tenn.  Since  1883  he  has 
had  charge  of  the  astronomical  observa 
tory,  and  he  is  also  assistant  in  practical 
astronomy  at  Vanderbilt  university.  His 
publications  consist  of  astronomical  con 
tributions  to  the  Sidereal  Messenger,  Ob 
servatory,  Science  Observer,  Astronom- 
ische  Nachrichten,  and  other  technical 
journals. 

BARNARD,  FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS 
PORTER,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  May  5,  1809,  in  Sheffield,  Mass.  He 
was  an  educational  writer,  and  was  presi 
dent  of  Columbia  college  in  1864-89.  He 
was  the  author  of  History  of  the  United 
States  Coast  Survey;  Imaginary  Metro- 
logical  System  of  the  Great  Pyramid;  The 
Undulatory  Theory  of  Light;  and  Letters 
on  College  Government.  He  died  April 
27,  1889,  in  New  York. 

BARNARD,  HENRY,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  24,  1811,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
In  1837  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  Connecticut,  and  was  twice 
re-elected  to  that  office,  during  which  time 
he  effected  a  reorganization  of  the  state 
common  school  system.  He  was  superin 
tendent  of  public  schools  in  Rhode  Island 
from  1843-49;  state  superintendent  of 
school  architecture  from  1850  to  1854;  and 
began  the  American  Journal  of  Education 
In  1855.  He  became  president  of  the 
American  association  for  the  advancement 
of  education.  He  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  educational  works,  Including  Story  of 
Education  in  Connecticut,  and  Education 
al  Biography. 


BARNARD.  ISAAC  D.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  July  18, 
1791,  in  Aston,  Pa.  He  was  distinguished 
at  Lyons  Creek  and  at  the  capture  of 
Fort  George  in  1813;  and  left  the  army 
in  1815.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1816,  and  was  soon  made  deputy  attorney 
general.  He  was  chosen  state  senator  in 
1820;  secretary  of  state  in  1826;  and  was 
United  States  senator  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1827  to  1831.  He  died  Feb.  28,  1834, 
in  Westchester,  Pa. 

BARNARD,  JAMES  ELLERY,  lawyer, 
was  born  Jan.  29,  1863,  in  Franklin,  N. 
H.  He  graduated  in  1884  from  Dartmouth 
college;  and  from  the  Boston  university 
law  school  in  1890.  He  has  attained  prom 
inence  as  a  successful  lawyer  in  his  native 
town,  and  in  1892  was  appointed  justice  of 
the  police  court  of  his  city  by  Gov.  Smith. 
He  is  very  prominent  in  various  Masonic 
bodies. 

BARNARD,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  6,  1681,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  minister  of  Bos 
ton  who  was  among  the  earliest  New  Eng 
land  dissenters  from  Calvinism.  A  ro 
bust  and  logical  thinker;  and  the  author 
of  Version  of  the  Psalms;  Sermons;  and 
The  Strange  Adventures  of  Philip  Ashton. 
He  died  Jan.  24,  1770. 

BARNARD,  JOHN  GROSS,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  19,  1815,  in  Sheffield, 
Mass.  He  was  a  major-general  of  the 
United  States  army;  and  the  author  of 
Survey  of  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec; 
Phenomena  of  the  Gyroscope;  Dangers 
and  Defences  of  New  York;  Sea  Coast 
Defence;  The  Peninsular  Campaign  and 
its  Antecedents;  and  Problems  of  Rotary 
Motion.  He  died  May  14,  1882,  in  Detroit, 
Mich. 

BARNARD,  OLIVER  W.,  farmer,  busi 
ness  man,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1828,  in 
Economy,  Ind.  He  is  a  successful  farmer 
and  business  man  of  Manteno,  111.;  and  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  poems  which 
have  appeared  in  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works. 

BARNARD,  WILLIAM  STEBBINS, 
naturalist,  inventor,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  28,  1849,  in  Canton,  111.  His  reports 
as  entomologist  have  been  published  by 
the  government,  and  he  has  contributed 
to  the  proceedings  and  transactions  of  the 
scientific  societies  of  which  he  is  a  mem 
ber.  He  has  made  inventions  of  harvest 
ers,  both  for  corn  and  cotton,  and  also 
of  means  and  appliances  for  the  destruc 
tion  of  injurious  insects.  He  also  devised 
the  Harvard  book-rack,  improved  paper- 
file  holders,  and  similar  articles. 

BARNES,  ALANSON  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  removed  to 
Wisconsin  and  practiced  law,  and  in  1873 
was  appointed  United  States  associate  jus 
tice  for  the  territory  of  Dakota. 

BARNES,  ALBERT,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1798,  in  Rome,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  leader  of  new  school  presbyter- 
ian  thought  and  an 
able  scriptural  com 
mentator.  He  was  a 
clergyman  of  Phila 
delphia,  and  was  at 
one  time  tried  for 
heresy.  He  was  the 
author  of  Notes  on 
the  New  Testament; 
Scriptural  Views  of 
Slavery;  The  Atone 
ment;  Life  at  Three 
Score;  Prayers  for 
Family  Worship; 
and  Evidences  of  Christianity  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century.  He  died  Dec.  24, 
1870,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


BARNES,  ALFRED  C.,  was  born  Oct. 
27,  1842,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
elected  colonel  of  the  thirteenth  regiment 
in  1884,  and  in  1886  retired  from  military 
service.  He  founded  the  Astor  Place 
bank,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1891  be 
came  its  president.  He  planned  and  su 
pervised  Barnes'  Brief  History  of  Amer 
ica. 

BARNES,  ALFRED  SMITH,  publisher, 
was  born  Jan.  28,  1817,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  In  1840  he  went  to  Philadelphia 
for  four  years,  and  built  up  a  profitable 
publishing  business,  which  he  then  re 
moved  to  New  York  city.  His  brother, 
five  sons  and  a  nephew  were  associated 
with  him  under  the  title  of  A.  S.  Barnes 
and  Co.  The  firm  attained  eminence  in 
the  publication  of  school  books.  His  son, 
Alfred  C.  Barnes,  now  represents  the 
house  in  The  American  Book  company. 
He  died  Feb.  17,  1888,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BARNES,  AMOS,  hotel  proprietor,  was 
born  Aug.  15,  1828,  in  East  Lebanon) 
N.  H.  He  established  the  firm  of  Barnes 
and  Dunkle  in  1879,  and  leased  the  Hotel 
Brunswick  in  the  famous  Back  Bay  dis 
trict  of  Boston.  The  Brunswick  is  now 
known  as  one  of  the  finest  and  most  suc 
cessful  hotels  in  America. 

BARNES,  ANNIE  MARIA,  editor,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  28,  1857,  in  Colum 
bia,  S.  C.  For  many  years  she  edited  and 
published  a  juvenile  paper,  and  is  the 
author  of  Some  Lowly  Lives;  The  Life 
of  David  Livingston;  Scenes  in  Pioneer 
Methodism;  The  Children  of  the  Kala 
hari;  The  House  of  Grass;  and  The  At 
lanta  Ferryman. 

BARNES,  CATHARINE  WEED,  artist, 
was  born  Jan.  10,  1851,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. ' 
She  is  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Ameri 
can  Amateur  Photographer,  besides 
writing  for  other  magazines  on  camera 
work.  She  built  a  fine  portrait  studio 
at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  containing  a  labora 
tory  and  printing  room. 

BARNES,  DEMAS,  journalist,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  April  4,  1887,  In 
Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  In  1866  he  was  elected 
as  a  democrat  to  the  fortieth  congress, 
where  he  served  on  the  committees  on 
banking  and  currency,  and  education  and 
labor.  He  was  active  in  procuring  legis 
lation  for  the  construction  of  the  Brook 
lyn  bridge.  The  Brooklyn  Eagle  at  one 
time  belonged  to  him,  and  of  the  Brook 
lyn  Argus  he  was  the  founder,  continuing 
publication  until  1877.  He  died  May  1, 
1888,  in  New  York  city. 

BARNES,  EDWIN  H.,  poet,  was  born 
May  13,  1849,  in  Marathon,  N.  Y.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
A  Wild  Bouquet,  which  contains  many 
rare  gems  of  verse.  He  is  engaged  in 
business  in  his  native  city,  where  he 
filled  the  office  of  postmaster  for  eleven 
years. 

BARNES,  GEORGE  T.,  lawyer,  state 
representative,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1833, 
in  Richmond  county,  Ga.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Richmond  county  academy 
and  at  Franklin  college,  University  of 
Georgia,  Athens,  where  he  graduated  in 
August,  1853.  He  studied  law,  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  since  practiced 
in  Georgia.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives  of  Geor 
gia  in  1860-65;  was  a  member  of  the  na 
tional  democratic  committee  from  Geor 
gia,  1876-84,  and  was  elected  to  the  for 
ty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses. 

BARNES,  JACOB  B.,  journalist,  was 
born  July  11,  1839,  in  Freeport,  111.  He 
is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Peoria 
Journal,  one  of  the  leading  newspapers  of 
the  west 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


81 


BARNES,  JAMES,  author,  was  born  in 
1865  in  Maryland.  He  is  the  author  of  For 
King  or  Country,  a  Story  of  the  Revolu 
tion;  Admiral  Farragut;  Naval  Actions 
of  the  War  of  1812;  and  A  Princetonian. 

BARNES,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  jurist,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1859,  in  Marion 
county,  Ky.  He  has  been  master  in  chan 
cery  for  Clay  county,  111.,  and  is  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  of  Louisville.  In  1897  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state  leg 
islature. 

BARNES,  JOSEPH  K.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  July  21,  1817,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  present  at  the  death 
bed  of  Lincoln,  attended  Secretary  Sew- 
ard  when  he  "was  wounded  by  the  knife 
of  a  confederate  assassin,  and  attended 
Mr.  Garfield  through  his  long  confine 
ment.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Peabody  edu 
cational  fund,  a  commissioner  for  the  sol 
diers'  home,  and  the  custodian  of  other 
important  public  trusts.  He  died  April 
5,  1883,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BARNES,  LEMUEL  CALL,  clergyman, 
was  born  Nov.  6,  1854,  in  Kirtland,  Ohio. 
He  is  a  prominent  clergyman  of  the  bap 
tist  church,  and  is  now  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  Avenue  church,  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

BARNES,  LYMAN  E.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  30,  1855,  in  Weyau- 
wega,  Wis.  He  began  the  practice  of 
law  in  Appleton  in  1876;  was  district  at 
torney  of  Outagamie  county,  and  as  a 
democrat  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress. 

BARNES,  MARY  SHELDON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1850,  in  Oswe- 
go,  N.  Y.  In  1874  she  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Michigan;  and  has  filled  the 
chair  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  the  Oswego 
state  normal  school,  and  later  in  the 
Wellesley  college.  She  is  the  author  of 
Studies  in  General  History;  Studies  in 
American  History;  and  Teachers'  Man 
ual. 

BARNES,  PHINEAS,  engineer,  was 
born  Jan.  10,  1842,  in  Portland,  Me.  He 
studied  at  the  Lawrence  Scientific  school, 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  at  the  Rensselaer 
Polytechnic  institute,  Troy,  N.  Y.  Mr. 
Barnes  has  made  a  specialty  of  the  con 
struction  of  iron  and  steel  works,  and 
for  some  time  has  been  associated  with 
the  American  Iron  and  Steel  works  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers, 
to  whose  transactions  he  has  frequently 
contributed  papers  of  technical  value. 

BARNES,  SARAH  ISABELLA,  poet, 
was  born  March  18,  1867,  in  Dexterville, 
Ohio;  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems. 
She  has  contributed  extensively  to  the 
periodical  press,  and  her  poems  have  been 
incorporated  into  several  standard  works. 

BARNES,  THURLOW  WEED,  presi 
dent  of  corporations,  was  born  June  28, 
1853,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1876  he  grad 
uated  from  Harvard 
university.  His  life 
has  been  devoted  to 
literary  work  and 
politics.  He  is  the 
president  of  corpor 
ations  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  chair 
man  of  the  Albany 
general  committee 
in  1886;  traveled  in 
Europe  in  1882,  and 
made  the  tour 
around  the  world  in 
1884-85.  He  is  a  grandson  of  Thurlow 
Weed,  and  is  the  author  of  the  second 
volume  of  the  Life  of  Thurlow  Weed  in 
two  volumes,  and  of  Souvenir  of  Albany 
Bicentennial. 

6 


BARNES,  WILLIAM,  educator,  lawyer, 
was  born  May  26,  1824,  in  Pompey,  N.  Y. 
He  started  life  as  a  schoolteacher,  and  in 
1843,  in  connection  with  his  father,  who 
was  county  superintendent,  he  success 
fully  conducted  one  of  the  first  normal 
schools  or  teachers'  institutes  in  New 
York  state  at  Baldwinsville.  In  1845  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  became 
noted  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  his  state  at  Albany. 

BARNES,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  is  the 
youngest  son  of  William  Barnes,  the  cele 
brated  lawyer  of  Albany,   N.  Y.     He  is 
the    editor    of    The 
Albany  Evening 

Journal,  and  contrib 
utes  extensively  to 
current  literature 
The  Evening  Joiir- 
t  nal  is  published  ev- 
•'  ery  evening  except 
Sunday,  and  also  is 
sues  a  semi-weekly 
f  and  weekly  edition. 
It  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  journals  in  the 
state  of  New  York, 
and  always  advocates  the  principles  of  the 
republican  party.  It  is  published  by  The 
Journal  Publishing  company,  of  which  he 
is  one  of  the  largest  individual  stock 
holders. 

BARNES,  WILUAM  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  was  born  in  1843  in  Hampton, 
Conn.  In  1866  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law 
at  Jacksonville,  111.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature  in  1871  and 
1872,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  demo 
cratic  national  conventions  of  1876,  1880 
and  1884.  He  was  a  member  of  every 
democratic  state  convention  held  in  Illi 
nois  between  1865  and  1885,  and  in  1885 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  territory  of  Arizona. 

BARNES,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  railroad 
president,  was  born  July  12,  1829,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Since  1892  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Allegheny  Valley  rail 
way,  and  also  various  other  railroads. 

BARNETT,  EDWARD  H.,  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1840,  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Va.  He  has  filled  various 
pastorates  in  Virginia  and  Georgia;  has 
been  for  five  years  editor  of  the  Presby 
terian  Quarterly  of  Richmond,  Va..  and  is 
the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Life's  Gold 
en  Lamp. 

BARNETT,  JAMES,  soldier,  merchant, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  June  21, 
1821,  in  Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  is  a  successful  hard 
ware  merchant  of  that  city.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  with  distinction,  and 
attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 
In  1882  he  was  elected  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  Cleveland  by  the  republic 
an  party.  He  has  served  as  president  of 
the  First  National  bank,  and  is  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  business  and 
public  affairs  of  his  city  and  state. 

BARNETT,  ORVILLE  MARION,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  14, 
1870,  in  Knox  county,  Mo.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  of  Sedalia,  Mo.,  and  in 
1897  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Mis 
souri  state  legislature. 

BARNETT,  MRS.  RACHEL  PRICE,  ed 
ucator,  poet,  was  born  March  30,  1837, 
in  Freeport,  Ohio.  For  nearly  ten  years 
she  taught  school  in  Ohio  and  Iowa,  and 
is  now  a  writer  and  poet  of  Dexter,  Iowa. 

BARNETT,  SAMUEL,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  6,  1824,  in  Washing 
ton,  Ga.  He  was  president  of  the  Wash 
ington  bank;  in  1871  was  commissioner, 


and  in  1872  was  secretary  of  the  Georgia 
State  Agricultural  society.  He  was  editor 
of  the  Chronicle,  and  author  of  Interest 
Table;  Buckle's  Outliae  View  of  Georgia; 
and  many  other  works. 

BARNETT,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1812  to  1815, 
when  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  com 
missioners  to  run  the  Creek  boundary 
line. 

BARNETT,  WILLIAM  ALLEN,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1822,  near  Hamil 
ton,  Ohio.  He  has  attained  success  as 
a  merchant  miller.  For  over  half  a  cen 
tury  he  was  proprietor  of  the  same  mills. 
BARNEY,  EDWARD  MITCHELL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1811, 
in  Lynn,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Harvard  college  and  Tufts  Divinity  school 
and  received  the  degree  of  B.  D.  from  the 
latter  institution.  He  has  filled  a  pastor 
ate  in  the  First  Universalist  church  of 
Marion,  Mass.,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate 
in  the  First  Universalist  church  of  Bev 
erly,  one  of  the  largest  churches  in  his 
denomination. 

BARNEY,  EVERETT  H.,  inventor, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1835,  in 
Framingham,  Mass.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  manufacturer  and  inventor,  and 
the  Barney  and  Berry  skates  have  a 
world-wfde  reputation. 

BARNEY,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  member  of  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1825  to  1827.  He  left  behind  him  an 
unfinished  record  of  Personal  Recollec 
tions  of  Men  and  Things.  He  died  Jan. 
26,  1856,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BARNEY,  JOSHUA,  naval  officer,  com 
modore,  was  born  in  1759  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  entered  the  naval  service  of  the 
revolution  in  1775,  and  was  active  during 
the  whole  war.  He  bore  the  American 
flag  to  the  French  national  convention  in 
1796,  and  entered  the  French  service.  He 
returned  to  America  in  1800,  and  took 
part  in  the  war  of  1812.  .He  died  in  1818 
in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

BARNEY,  SAMUEL  S.,lawyer,congress- 
man,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1846,  in  Hartford, 
Wis.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  Lombard  university,  Gales- 
burg,  111.,  and  taught  the  high  school  in 
Hartford  for  four  years.  He  has  practiced 
his  profession  at  West  Bend,  Wis.,  since 
1873.  He  filled  the  office  of  superintend 
ent  of  schools  of  Washington  county  from 
1876  to  1880,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses. 

BARNFIELD,  THOMAS  P.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  March  25,  1844, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
Rhode  Island  bar  in  1870,  and  was  city 
solicitorofPawtucketfor  eleven  years.  He 
was  judge  of  the  probate  court  for  three 
years,  and  was  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture  of  Rhode  Island  for  three  years. 

BARNHART,  JACOB  S.,   lawyer,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.   19,  1828,  near  Bellefonte, 
Pa.     In   1849  he     became     a  daguerrean 
artist,      and     subse 
quently      a     photog- 
:    rapher.     For     many 
*    years     he     was    the 
|    editor  and  owner  of 
I    the  Democratic 

I  Watchman  of  Penn- 
I  sylvania.  In  1871  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
I  bar,  and  since  1877 
has  practiced  law  in 
Charles  City,  Iowa. 
He  is  a  stenographer 
and  a  teacher  of 
shorthand,  and  a  natural  musician.  He 
has  contributed  extensively  to  the  period 
ical  press,  and  his  poems  have  been  given 
a  place  in  several  standard  works. 


82 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BARNITZ,  CHARLES  A.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsyhania  from  1833  to  1835.  He  died 
in  March,  1850,  in  York,  Pa. 

BARNS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1795,  in  Ireland.  He  was  very 
successful  in  his  preaching,  and  during 
his  various  pastorates  large  accessions 
were  made  to  the  churches  under  his  di 
rection.  Among  these  charges  were  sev 
eral  of  the  largest  in  Philadelphia  and 
Harrisburg.  He  died  Nov.  25,  1865,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BARNUM,  MRS.  FRANCES  COURTE- 
NAY,  author,  was  born  in  1848  in  Arkan 
sas.  She  is  a  novelist  now  living  in  Sa 
vannah,  Ga.,  and  the  author  of  On  Both 
Sides,  an  international  novel;  Behind  the 
Blue  Ridge;  Juan  and  Juanita,  a  juvenile 
tale;  and  Claudia  Hyde. 

BARNUM,  HENRY  A.,  soldier,  was  born 
Sept.  24,  1833,  in  Jamesville,  N.  Y.  He  was 
brevetted  major-general  in  1865.  In  1866  he 
resigned,  having  declined  a  colonelcy  in 
the  regular  army,  and  became  inspector  of 
prisons  in  New  York.  He  was  deputy  tax 
commissioner  from  1869  till  1872,  and  was 
for  five  years  harbor-master  of  New  York. 
In  1885  he  was  elected  as  a  republican  to 
the  New  York  state  assembly. 

BARNUM,   PHINEAS  TAYLOR,  show 
man,   author,   was   born  July   5,   1810,   in 
Bethel,  Conn.    He  was  the  son  of  a  farmer 
.  and    tavern    keeper, 

and  became  a  suc 
cessful  showman  of 
world-wide  fame.  He 
was  the  author  of 
Humbugs  of  the 
World;  Struggles 
and  Triumphs,  or 
Forty  Years'  Recol 
lections;  Lion  Jack, 
or  How  Menageries 
are  Made;  and  Au 
tobiography.  He  was 
the  best  known  and 
most  popular  circus  showman  ever  en 
gaged  in  that  business  in  America.  He 
died  April  7,  1891,  in  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

BARNUM,  WILLIAM  H.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  17,  1818,  in  Columbia  county, 
Conn.  His  firm  of 
Barnum,  Richardson 
and  Co.  built  large 
works  in  Lime  Rock 
and  East  Canaan, 
Conn.,  and  finally 
added  a  car  wheel 
shop  in  Chicago.  In 
1851-52  he  sat  in  the 
state  legislature,  and 
from  1868  attended 
every  national  con 
vention  of  his  party 
as  a  delegate.  He 

was  a  member  of  congress  in  1867-76;  and 
Connecticut  then  made  him  United  States 
senator.  He  died  April  30,  1889,  in  Lime 
Rock,  Conn. 

BARNUM,  ZENAS,  civil  engineer,  cap 
italist,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1810,  in  Wilkes- 
barre,  Pa.  He  was  a  civil  engineer,  but 
became  proprietor  of  Barnum's  hotel  in 
Baltimore,  in  the  management  of  which 
he  acquired  a  large  fortune.  Later  he  be 
came  president  of  the  Baltimore  Central 
railroad.  He  died  April  5,  1865,  In  Balti 
more,  Md. 

BARNWELL,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1671  in  Ireland.  Barnwell's  force 
overtook  the  depredating  Tuscaroras  and 
killed  300  in  the  first  engagement.  The 
survivors  were  driven  Into  their  fortified 
town,  besieged,  and  finally  reduced  to  sub 
mission.  Nearly  1,000  of  them  were  killed 


or  captured,  and  the  remnant  abandoned 
their  hereditary  lands  and  joined  the  Five 
Nations  of  New  York.  This  was  the  first 
crushing  blow  dealt  against  the  Indians  by 
the  white  settlers  in  the  Carolinas,  and 
Barnwell  is  to  this  day  known  to  his 
descendants  as  Tuscarora  John.  He 
died  about  June,  1724,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 

BARNWELL,  ROBERT,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1762  in  Beaufort, 
S.  C.  He  volunteered  for  the  revolution 
ary  war  when  sixteen  years  old.  He  was 
afterward  a  member  of  the  convention  in 
South  Carolina  on  the  adoption  of  the 
federal  constitution;  and  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  in  1791-93.  He  died  in 
1814. 

BARNWELL,  ROBERT  WOODWARD, 
college  president,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  10,  1801,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  grad 
uated  at  Harvard  university  in  1821;  stud 
ied  law;  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1829  to 
1833;  was  president  of  the  South  Carolina 
college  from  1835  to  1843,  and  was  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  in  1850  by  appointment  to 
fill  a  vacancy.  After  the  war  he  was  again 
president  of  the  South  Carolina  college. 
He  died  Nov.  25,  1882,  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

BARR,  ALBERT  J.,  journalist,  was 
born  Jan.  12,  1851,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  Upon 
the  death  of  his  father  he  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Pittsburg  Post  Printing  and 
Publishing  company,  and  editor-in-chief 
of  the  paper.  The  work  he  has  since  done 
on  the  Post  has  made  that  publication 
one  of  the  best  known  newspapers  in 
America.  In  1893  he  was  appointed  a  com 
missioner  to  the  World's  Fair,  and  in  1894 
was  appointed  surveyor  of  customs  of  the 
port  of  Pittsburg. 

BARR,  MRS.  AMELIA  EDITH  [HUD- 
DLESTON],  author,  was  born  March  29, 
1831,  in  Lancaster,  England.  She  came  to 
America  in  1854.  Her  books  exhibit  many 
excellencies  of  construction  and  character 
ization,  are  wholesome  in  tone,  and  have 
been  deservedly  popular.  Among  the  best 
of  them  may  be  named  Jan  Vedder's  Wife; 
Paul  and  Christina;  A  Daughter  of  Fife; 
A  Border  Shepherdess;  The  Bow  of  Or 
ange  Ribbon,  a  tale  of  colonial  life  in  New 
York;  Between  Two  Loves;  Friend  Olivia; 
Bernicia,  a  story  In  which  Whitefield,  the 
famous  preacher,  is  a  prominent  figure. 
Other  works  by  Mrs.  Barr  include:  Scot 
tish  Sketches;  Flower  of  Gala  Water;  Ro 
mance  and  Reality;  Young  People  of 
Shakespeare's  Time;  Cluny  McPherson; 
The  Hallam  Succession;  The  Lost  Silver 
of  Briffault;  The  Last  of  the  McAlisters; 
Scottish  Sketches;  The  Squire  of  Sandal 
Side;  Master  of  His  Fate;  Christopher; 
Remember  the  Alamo,  a  story  of  Texas; 
She  Loved  a  Sailor;  A  Rose  of  a  Hundred 
Leaves;  Michael  and  Theodora;  A  Sister 
to  Esau;  Feet  of  Clay;  The  Household  of 
McNeil;  The  Preacher's  Daughter;  Love 
for  an  Hour  is  Love  Forever;  A  Singer 
from  the  Sea;  and  The  Lone  House. 

BARR,  BERZELIUS  L.,  lawyer,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Sept.  29.  1846, 
inTren.ortCtty.Ohio.  He  graduated  in  law 
from  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  as 
civil  engineer  from  the  National  Normal 
university,  Ohio.  For  twelve  years  he 
was  president  of  the  Western  Normal  uni 
versity,  and  now  practices  law  in  his  na 
tive  cjty.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier 
during  the  civil  war  in  company  F,  second 
Illinois  light  artillery,  and  was  in  the 
sieges  of  Atlanta  and  Jonesboro,  and 
Nashville,  Tenn.  He  is  the  author  of 
Outlines  of  Oral  Grammar  Teaching;  and 
Complete  Inductive  Grammar. 

BARR,  CHARLES,  educator,  was  born 
April  8,  1860,  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.  In 
1887  he  accepted  the  chair  of  natural 


science  in  Baldwin  university  of  Berea, 
Ohio,  and  in  1888  he  became  professor  of 
astronomy  and  applied  mathematics,  and 
acting  professor  of  biology  in  Albion  col 
lege,  of  Albion,  Mich. 

BARR,  G.  WALTER,  physician,  lectur 
er,  author,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1860,  in  Med- 
way,  Ohio.  In  1880  he  graduated  from  the 
Indiana  Asbury  uni 
versity,  and  in  1884 
from  the  Jefferson 
Medical  college  of 
Philadelphia.  He  is 
professor  of  materia 
medica,  therapeu 
tics  and  hygiene  in 
the  College  of  Physi 
cians  and  Surgeons 
of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  He 
has  been  a  public 
lecturer  on  popular 
science;  was  lecturer 

on  hygiene  in  the  Training  School  for 
Nurses  in  the  Blessing  hospital  of  Quincy, 
111.;  is  post-surgeon  Illinois  division 
Sons  of  Veterans,  U.  S.  A.,  and  a  promi 
nent  member  of  many  leading  medical  and 
pharmaceutical  associations.  He  is  the 
author  of  Idiosyncrasy  and  Drug,  and 
other  works. 

BARR,  GEORGE  TILLOTSON,  banker, 
state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1851,  in 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.  He  is  a  successful 
banker  of  Mankato,  Minn.,  of  which  city 
he  has  been  mayor.  In  1889  he  served 
as  a  representative  in  the  Minnesota  state 
legislature;  was  a  state  senator  during 
1891-97,  and  president  pro  tern  of  the  sen 
ate  during  the  sessions  of  1895  and  1897. 

BARR,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Dec.  17,  1826,  in  Versailles,  Ky.  In 
1847  he  commenced  the  practice  of  law 
at  Versailles,  Ky.,  and  soon  afterward  re 
moved  to  Louisville,  where  he  continued  to 
practice  his  profession  until  1880,  when 
he  was  appointed  United  States  district 
judge  for  the  district  of  Kentucky. 

BARR,  SAMUEL  F.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  15,  1829,  in  Ire 
land.  He  emigrated  with  his  parents  to 
the  United  States  in  1831;  received  a  com 
mon-school  education;  engaged  in  rail 
road  and  commercial  pursuits;  was  editor 
of  the  Harrisburg  Telegraph  from  1873 
to  1878,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-seventh 
and  forty-eighth  congresses. 

BARR,  THOMAS  C.,  capitalist,  was  born 
Feb.  2,  1858,  in  Wellsboro,  Pa.  He  has 
been  president  of  several  railway  com 
panies,  and  has  also  organized  and  put  in 
operation  the  omnibus  general  of  Phila 
delphia.  He  was  elected  president  of  the 
New  Jersey  Traction  company  in  1893. 

BARR,  THOMAS  J.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1812  in  New  York 
city.  In  1853  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  New  York  state  senate,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty- 
sixth  congresses. 

BARRAS,  CHARLES  M.,  actor,  author, 
was  born  in  1826.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
well-known  spectacular  play  called  The 
Black  Crook,  from  which  he  derived  a 
large  income.  His  eccentric  character 
and  unconscious  drollery  made  him  popu 
lar.  He  died  March  31,  1873,  in  Cos  Cobb, 
Conn. 

BARRERE,  GRANVILLE,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Highland  county, 
Ohio.  He  commenced  practicing  law  in 
Illinois  in  1856,  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress. 

BARRERE,  NELSON,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1851  to  1853. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BARRET,  ALEXANDER  BUCHANAN, 
tobacco  merchant,  was  born  March 
18,  1811,  In  Louis  county,  Va.  He  estab 
lished  branch  stemmeries  in  Henderson, 
Louisville,  Owensboro,  Cloverport,  and 
other  points  in  Kentucky,  at  Clarksville. 
Tenn.,  and  in  Missouri,  and  was,  in  his 
time,  without  doubt,  the  most  extensive 
tobacco  merchant  in  the  world,  controlling 
annually  many  thousands  of  hogsheads 
in  the  markets  of  England.  He  died  June 
15,  1861,  in  New  York. 

BARRET,  JOHN  HENRY,  merchant, 
was  born  in  1835,  in  Henderson,  Ky.  His 
firm  is  known  under  the  style  of  Jno.  H. 
Barret  and  Co.,  and  they  retain,  both  in 
America  and  in  Europe,  the  extensive  and 
influential  prestige  which  was  once  the 
high  and  peculiar  distinction  of  the  orig 
inal  house  in  the  Kentucky  tobacco  mar 
ket. 

BARRETT,  BENJAMIN  FISK,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  24,  1808,  In 
Dresden,  Maine.  He  is  a  Swedenborgian 
clergyman  of  Philadelphia  who  wrote  ex 
tensively  in  behalf  of  his  faith.  Among 
his  many  books  are  A  Life  of  Sweden- 
borg;  The  New  View  of  Hell;  Swedenborg 
and  Channing;  Heaven  Revealed;  and  a 
Popular  Presentation  of  Swedenborg's 
Disclosures  about  Heaven.  He  died  in 
1892. 

BARRETT,  EDWARD,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1828,  in  Louisiana.  In  1864-65  he 
commanded  the  monitor  Catskill,  and  cap 
tured  the  Deer,  the  only  blockade-runner 
captured  by  a  monitor.  He  was  in  the 
first  expedition  that  ascended  the  Yang- 
tse-Kiang  river  as  far  as  Hangkow,  and 
took  the  first  man-of-war  through  the 
Eads  jetties  at  the  mouth  of  the  Missis 
sippi.  He  died  in  March,  1880. 

BARRETT,  FLAVIUS  J.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1835,  in  Giles 
county,  Tenn.  He  received  the  rudiments 
_^^^^^^^^^^^  of  his  education  in 
the  common  schools, 
and  graduated  from 
the  Baylor  univer- 
I  sity  of  Independence, 
I  Texas.  During  the 
i  war  he  was  captain  of 
company  B,  fifteenth 
regiment,  Texas  cav 
alry,  in  the  Confed 
erate  states  army. 
He  has  attained  emi 
nence  as  an  able  law 
yer  of  Henrietta, 
Texas,  in  which  city  he  has  been 
chief  of  police,  superintendent  of  pub 
lic  schools,  and  held  other  offices  of 
trust.  He  has  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Texas  state  legislature,  and 
is  now  county  judge  of  Clay  county, 
Texas. 

BARRETT,  GEORGE  HOOKER,  actor, 
was  born  Jan.  9,  1794,  in  England.  He 
made  his  debut  as  an  adult  as  Belcaur  In 
The  West  Indian  at  the  Parke  theater, 
New  York,  in  1822,  and  at  once  became  one 
of  the  favorite  actors  of  the  day. 

BARRETT,  HARRISON  D.,  spiritualist, 
was  born  April  26,  1863,  in  Canaan,  Me. 
He  has  been  a  teacher  in  the  public 
schools  of  Minnesota,  and  in  1889  grad 
uated  from  the  Meadville  Theological 
school,  Pennsylvania,  but  has  never  been 
ordained.  In  1891  he  was  co-editor  of  a 
work  entitled  Cassadaga,  Its  History  and 
Teaching;  and  is  the  author  of  Life  Work 
of  Cora  L.  V.  Richmond.  In  1893  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  National  Spiritual 
ist  association,  and  in  1897  was  appoint 
ed  editor  of  The  Banner  and  Light  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  the  oldest  spiritualist  paper  In 
existence. 


BARRETT,  J.  RICHARD,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  Removing  to 
Missouri  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  that  state  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress. 

BARRETT,  JOHN  ERIGENA,  journal 
ist,  state  legislator,  author,  was  born  May 
10,  1849,  in  Ireland.  He  entered  journal 
ism  as  a  reporter  on  The  Republican,  of 
Scranton,  Pa.,  and  became  its  managing 
editor.  In  1884  he  began  the  publication, 
in  conjunction  with  J.  J.  Jordan,  of  The 
Scranton  Truth,  an  independent  daily 
newspaper,  which  they  still  publish.  He 
is  one  of  the  foremost  editorial  writers  in 
America,  and  has  attained  note  as  a  bril 
liant  orator.  In  1878  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  legis 
lature  as  a  republican,  and  took  an  im 
portant  part  in  the  deliberations  of  that 
body.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
stories,  the  most  notable  of  which  are 
Love  and  Labor,  or  All  the  Perils  of  the 
Poor;  The  Black  List;  Worse  Than 
Death;  A  Knight  of  Labor;  The  Rising 
Tide;  and  the  Curse  of  Innisfail.  He  is 
also  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  The  Fugitives  and  Other  Poems. 

BARRETT,  JOSEPH  HARTWELL, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  April  15, 
1824,  in  Ludlow,  Vt.  In  1845  he  gradu 
ated  from  Middle- 
bury  college.  In  1851- 
52  he  served  as  a 
representative  in  the 
Vermont  state  legis 
lature;  in  1853-54  he 
was  secretary  of  the 
Vermont  senate,  and 
in  1861-68  was  com 
missioner  of  pen 
sions.  During  1857- 
61  he  was  editor  of 
the  Cincinnati  Ga 
zette,  and  editor  of 
the  Cincinnati  Chronicle  and  Times  dur 
ing  1868-79.  He  has  contributed  to  re 
views  and  other  periodicals  from  1846  to 
the  present  time,  and  his  writings  have 
been  valuable  acquisitions  to  current  lit 
erature,  and  have,  in  many  instances,  been 
incorporated  into  standard  works.  He  is 
the  author  of  Biography  of  Abraham  Lin 
coln: 

BARRETT,  LAWRENCE,  actor,  was 
born  April  4,  1838,  in  Paterson,  N.  J.  His 
first  appearance  was  in  1853.  On  the  out 
break  of  the  civil  war  in  1861,  Mr.  Bar 
rett  accepted  a  captaincy  in  the  twenty- 
eighth  Massachusetts  infantry  and  served 
with  distinction.  Afterward  he  acted  at 
Philadelphia,  at  Washington,  and  then  at 
the  Winter  Garden  in  New  York,  where 
he  was  engaged  by  Mr.  Booth  to  play 
Othello  to  his  lago.  He  died  March  20, 
1891,  in  New  York  city. 

BARRETT,  WILLIAM  E.,  journalist, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
29,  1850,  in  Melrose,  Mass.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  public  schools,  and  graduated 
from  Dartmouth  college  in  1880.  He  be 
gan  at  once  as  assistant  editor  of  the  St. 
Albans  Daily  Messenger;  joined  the  staff 
of  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser  in  1882, 
and  was  Washington  correspondent  of 
the  Boston  Advertiser  1882-86;  he 
was  recalled  to  Boston  to  become  ed 
itor-in-chief,  and  in  1888  he  became  chief 
proprietor  and  manager  of  the  Boston 
Daily  Advertiser  and  the  Boston  Evening 
Record.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature  in  1887-92,  and  a  can 
didate  for  congress  in  April,  1893;  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses. 

BARRICKLOW,  JOSEPH  P.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1867,  in  Ris 


ing  Sun,  Ind.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Arcola,  111.,  and  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  thirty-ninth  and 
fortieth  general  assemblies  of  the  Illinois 
state  legislature. 

BARRINGER,  DANIEL  L.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1788,  in  Meck 
lenburg  county,  N.  C.  He  served  in  the 
legislature  of  North  Carolina  in  1813,  and 
from  1819-22.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1826 
to  1835;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1844.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Ten 
nessee,  and  was  elected  'speaker  of  the 
house  of  representatives  of  that  state.  He 
died  Oct.  16,  1852. 

BARRINGER,  DANIEL  MOREAU,  law 
yer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1807  in  Cabarras  county,  N.  C.  tie  com 
menced  practicing  law  in  1829,  and  in 
that  year  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature,  in  which  position  he  con 
tinued  for  a  number  of  years.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1843  to  1849,  when  he  was 
appointed  Minister  to  Spain.  On  his  re 
turn  home  he  was  elected  to  the  state  leg 
islature.  He  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the 
peace  congress  of  1861,  and  also  to  the 
Philadelphia  national  union  convention 
of  1866.  He  died  Sept.  1,  1873,  in  Green 
Brier  Springs,  Va. 

BARRINGER,  JOHN  E.,  farmer,  state 
senator,  was  born  July  16,  1841,  in  New 
York.  He  was  elected  to  the  Michigan 
state  senate  of  1887-88,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  that  body. 

BARRITT,  FRANCES  FULLER,  poet, 
was  born  in  1826  in  Rome,  N.  Y.  When 
only  fourteen  years  old  she  began  writ 
ing  for  publication,  and  at  twenty- 
two  was  a  favorite  contributor  to 
the  Home  Journal,  under  the  man 
agement  of  N.  P.  Willis.  Azlea,  a 
tragedy,  was  written  about  this  time,  and 
published  in  1851  in  a  volume  entitled 
Poems  of  Imagination  and  Sentiment, 
by  herself  and  her  sister  Metta  (Mrs. 
Victor),  and  edited  by  Rufus  W.  Griswold. 

BARRON,  ELWYN  ALFRED,  journal 
ist,  dramatist,  was  born  in  1855,  in  Ten 
nessee.  He  has  been  a  Chicago  journalist 
on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Inter-Ocean 
since  1879,  and  has  written  The  Viking, 
a  blank-verse  drama,  and  A  Moral  Crime, 
and  other  plays. 

BARRON,  ERNEST  R.,  inventor,  was 
born  May  23,  1844,  in  Meadville,  Pa.  He 
has  made  many  important  inventions  now 
used  on  typewriters.  He  superintended 
the  construction  of  the  first  caligraph, 
and  witnessed  its  success  as  rival  of  the 
Remington. 

BARRON,  JAMES,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1769  in  Virginia.  He  is  chiefly 
known  to  the  present  generation  from  his 
encounter  when  in  command  of  the  Ches 
apeake  with  the  British  frigate  Leopard 
in  time  of  peace,  and  the  duel  in  which  he 
killed  Com.  Decatur.  He  died  April  21, 
1851,  in  Norfolk,  Va. 

BARRON,  JOHN  C.,  surgeon,  capitalist, 
was  born  Nov.  2,  1837,  in  Woodbridge, 
N.  J.  Returning  to  civil  life  at  the  end 
of  his  enlistment,  he  became  a  member 
and  surgeon  of  the  famous  seventh  regi 
ment  of  New  York  city  from  1863  to  1871,. 
and  after  his  resignation  he  was  appoint 
ed  surgeon-general  of  the  first  division  of 
the  national  guard  of  New  York, 
with  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  is 
president  of  The  Carpenter  Steel  works 
of  Reading,  Pa.;  The  Kentucky  Coal,  Iron 
and  Development  company;  The  Lyons 
and  Campbell  Ranch  and  Cattle  company, 
and  The  Gila  Farm  company. 


84 


HKKKIXGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BARRON,  SAMUEL,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Sept.  25,  1765,  in  Hampton,  Va.  He 
was  distinguished  for  gallantry  in  the 
revolutionary,  navy  of  Virginia,  in  which 
his  father,  his  uncle  and  his  brother  also 
participated.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1810,  in 
Hampton,  Va. 

BARRON,  SAMUEL,  naval  officer,  was 
born  about  1802  in  Virginia.  He  entered 
the  navy  as  midshipman;  attained  the 
rank  of  lieutenant  in  1827;  commander 
in  1847;  and  captain  in  1855. 

BARRON,  WALTER  J.,  inventor,  was 
born  June  27,  1,846,  in  Meadville,  Pa.  He 
invented  many  improvements  now  in  use 
on  leading  typewriters,  and  in  1888  he  in 
vented  the  Universal  typewriter.  In  1891 
he  perfected  the  Densmore  and  Barren 
typewriters. 

BARROW,  ALEXANDER,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  1801  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  legislature  of 
Louisiana,  and  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Louisiana  from  1841  to  1846.  He 
died  Dec.  29,  1846,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

BARROW,  DAVID,  clergyman,  was 
born  Oct.  30,  1753,  in  Virginia.  He  held 
various  pastorates  in  Kentucky,  and  in 
1803  published  an  able  pamphlet  on  The 
Trinity.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1819,  in  Ken 
tucky. 

BARROW,  MRS.  FRANCES  ELIZA 
BETH,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1822,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  She  was  a  writer  of 
juvenile  tales  which  have  been  widely 
circulated.  Among  them  are  The  Night 
Cap  Series;  The  Pop  Gun  Series;  and  The 
Six  Mitten  Books.  She  died  in  1894. 

BARROW,  POPE,  soldier,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  1, 
1830,  in  Oglethorpe  county,  Ga.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  University  of  Georgia  in 
1859,  rnd  in  the  law  class  of  that  institu 
tion  of  1860.  He  served  in  the  confeder 
ate  army,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  of 
the  rebellion  resumed  the  practice  of  law 
at  Athens,  Ga.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1877, 
and  was  a  representative  in  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1880-81.  He  was  elected  a  sena 
tor  of  the  United  States  from  Georgia  to 
fill  a  vacancy,  and  served  from  1882  to 
1883. 

BARROW,  WASHINGTON,  lawyer, 
•congressman,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1817,  in  Da 
vidson  county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  lawyer 
by  education  and  profession,  and  in  1841 
was  appointed  American  charge  d'affaires 
to  Portugal.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Tennessee  from  1847  to 
1849.  He  died  Oct.  19,  1866,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 

BARROWS,  CHARLES  C.,  physician, 
was  born  June  5,  1857,  in  Jackson,  Miss. 
He  is  assistant  obstetric  physician  and 
gynecologist  of  Bellevue  hospital  of  New 
York  city. 

BARROWS,  ELIJAH  PORTER,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  5, 
1817,  in  Mansfield,  Conn.  In  1853  he  was 
appointed  professor  of  Hebrew  language 
and  literature  in  Andover  theological 
seminary,  retaining  the  office  until  1866. 
In  1872  he  accepted  a  like  appointment  in 
Oberlin,  Ohio,  theological  seminary.  Be 
sides  twenty-five  articles  in  the  Biblio- 
theca  Sacra,  he  has  published  A  Memoir 
of  Evertin  Judson;  Companion  to  the  Bi 
ble;  and  Sacred  Geography  and  Antiqui 
ties.  He  has  also  been  one  of  the  ed 
itors  of  the  American  Tract  society's  Bible 
with  Notes. 

BARROWS,  HENRY  FRANCIS,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  in  Attleborough,  Mass. 
He  is  the  builder  and  president  of  The 
Attleborough  Branch  railroad;  manager  of 


The  North  Attleborough  Gas  company; 
and  president  of  The  North  Attleborough 
National  bank. 

BARROWS,  JOHN  HENRY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1847  in  Michigan.  He 
is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Chi 
cago,  and  the  author  of  The  Gospels  are 
True  History;  I  Believe  in  God  the  Father 
Almighty;  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  the  Pul 
pit  Jupiter;  and  Life  of  Henry  Ward 
Beecher. 

BARROWS,  JOHN  OTIS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1833,  in 
Mansfield,  Conn.  He  has  filled  many  im 
portant  pastorates  in  the  congregational 
church,  and  is  the  author  of  On  Horse 
back  in  Cappadocia  and  many  po 
ems  of  merit  have  appeared  from  the  pen 
of  this  eminent  divine. 

BARROWS,  SAMUEL  JUNE,  clergy 
man,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
May  26,  1845,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
fifteen  years  chaplain  of  the  fifth  regi 
ment  Massachusetts  militia,  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Shay- 
backs  in  Camp;  The  Baptist  Meeting 
House;  Science  and  Immortality;  Isles 
and  Shrines  of  Greece;  and  various  other 
works. 

BARROWS,  WILLARD,  civil  engineer, 
author,  was  born  in  1806  in  Monson,  Mass. 
He  accomplished  the  government  survey 
of  the  Choctaw  purchase,  in  Mississippi, 
finishing  that  work  in  1835.  Later  he  ex 
plored  Cedar  river,  which  at  that  time 
was  scarcely  known,  and  in  1837  was  en 
gaged  on  the  first  surveys  of  Iowa.  In 
1840  he  surveyed  the  islands  in  Missis 
sippi  river  between  Rock  Island  and 
Quincy.  He  published  several  accounts 
of  his  experiences,  including  Barrows's 
New  Map  of  Iowa,  with  Notes,  and  His 
torical  Sketch  of  Scott  County.  He  died 
Jan.  3,  1868,  in  Davenport,  Iowa. 

BARROWS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1815  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Massachusetts,  and  the  author  of  The 
Church  and  the  Children;  The  Indian's 
Side  of  the  Indian  Question;  Oregon,  the 
Struggle  for  Possession;  The  United 
States  of  Yesterday  and  To-morrow;  and 
Twelve  Nights  in  the  Hunter's  Camp.  He 
died  in  1891. 

BARRY,  BELLE  B.,  poet,  has  contrib 
uted  many  poems  of  rare  merit  to  the  peri 
odical  press,  which  have  been  incor 
porated  into  several  standard  works.  She 
is  the  wife  of  Isaac  E.  Barry,  a  prominent 
business  man  of  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

BARRY,  F.  G.,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  15, 
1845,  in  Woodbury,  Tenn.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  army  during  the  civil 
war,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  West  Point,  Mississippi.  He  was  a 
state  senator  from  1875  to  1879;  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1880,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Mississippi  to 
the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses. 

BARRY,  HENRY  W.,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  New  York 
city.  He  entered  the  union  army  as  a 
private  early  in  the  war;  organized  the 
first  regiment  of  colored  troops  raised  in 
Kentucky,  and  commanded  a  brigade  and 
for  a  time  a  division  of  the  army.  He  was 
brevetted  twice  for  gallant  and  meritori 
ous  conduct,  the  last  brevet  being  major- 
general.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  Mis 
sissippi  in  1867;  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  of  Mississippi  in  1868;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-first,  forty-second  stod 
forty-third  congresses.  He  died  June  7, 
1875,  In  Washington,  D.  C. 


BARRY,  JOHN,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  1754  in  Ireland.  He  served  through  the 
revolutionary  war  as  a  naval  officer,  and 
at  the  close  of  the 
war,  the  United 
States  established  a 
new  navy,  and  Barry 
was  named  senior  of 
ficer.  In  1776  he  com 
manded  the  brig  Lex 
ington,  the  first 
continental  vessel 
which  sailed  from  the 
port  of  Philadelphia, 
and  with  which  he 
made  the  first  cap 
ture  of  a  British  war 

vessel  accomplished  by  an  American  cruis 
er.  He  subsequently  commanded  the  Ef- 
flngham,  Raleigh,  the  Alliance  and  other 
war  vessels.  He  died  Sept.  30,  1803,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BARRY,  JOHN  DANIEL,  author,  was 
born  in  1866  in  Massachusetts.  He  is 
the  author  of  A  Daughter  of  Thespis; 
The  Intriguers,  a-  novel;  Mademoiselle 
Blanche;  and  The  Princess  Margarethe,  a 
fairy  tale. 

BARRY,  JOHN  STETSON,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  March  26,  1819,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  universalist  clergy 
man,  and  the  author  of  The  Stetson  Gen 
ealogy;  and  History  of  Massachusetts.  He 
died  Dec.  11,  1872,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

BARRY,  JOHN  STEWART,  state  sena 
tor,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1802,  in 
Amherst,  N.  H.  Upon  the  organ 
ization  of  the  Michigan  state  government 
he  was  elected  a  state  senator,  and  in  1841 
chosen  governor  of  the  state.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  1843,  and  also  in  1849;  and  was 
also,  on  two  occasions,  a  presidential 
elector.  He  died  Jan.  14,  1870,  in  Constan- 
tine,  Mich. 

BARRY,  NICHOLAS  J.,  physician,  was 
born  in  1865,  in  La  Crosse,  Fla.  Is  a  prom 
inent  physician  and  drug  merchant  of 
Yular,  Fla.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  Lebanon,  Ohio,  and  at  col 
leges  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  Atlanta, 
Ga. 

BARRY,  PATRICK,  horticulturist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  May,  1816,  near  Bel 
fast,  Ireland.  He.  edited  the  Genesee 
Farmer  in  1844-52;  and  was  editor  of 
The  Horticulturist  in  1852-54.  He  wrote 
extensively  on  subjects  connected  with 
pomology  and  flowers,  and  in  1851  pro 
duced  a  Treatise  on  the  Fruit  Garden. 
His  most  important  book  is  the  complete 
and  valuable  Catalogue  of  the  American 
Pomological  Society,  which  has  long  been 
a  standard  work.  He  died  June  23,  1890, 
in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

BARRY,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  10,  1805,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Chicago;  and  the  author  of  Rights  and 
Duties  of  Neighboring  Churches; 
Thoughts  on  Christian  Doctrine;  History 
of  Framingham;  and  Antiquities  of  Wis 
consin.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1885,  in  Chicago, 
111. 

BARRY,  WILLIAM  FARQUHAR,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1818,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1865  he  was  made  brevet  briga 
dier-general,  United  States  army,  for  his 
services  in  the  campaign  ending  with  the 
surrender  of  the  army  under  Gen.  J.  I 
Johnston,  and  on  the  same  day  was  made 
brevet  major-general  for  gallant  conduct 
in  the  field.  He  was  the  author  in  conjunc 
tion  with  Gen.  Barnard,  of  Reports  of  the 
Engineer  and  Artillery  Operations  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  from  its  Organiza 
tion  to  the  Close  of  the  Peninsular  Cam 
paign.  He  died  July  18,  1879.  in  Balti 
more,  Md. 


BARRY,  WILLIAM  T.,  legislator,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb  5 
1785,  m  Lunenburg,  Va.  He  served'  in 
the  state  legislature  as  speaker;  during 
the  years  1810-11  was  a  representative  in 
congress;  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1814-16;  and  was 
also  a  member  of  President  Jackson's 
cabinet,  as  postmaster-general.  He  died 
Aug.  30,  1835,  in  Liverpool,  England. 

BARRY,  WILLIAM  T.  S.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec  10 
1821,  in  Columbus,  Miss.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature  from  1849  to  1851- 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Mississippi  from  1853-55;  was  speaker  of 
the  state  legislature  in  1855;  seceded  from 
the  Charleston  convention  in  1860;  and 
was  president  of  the  Secession  convention 
of  Mississippi,  and  member  of  the  Provi 
sional  congress.  He  entered  the  confeder 
ate  army  in  1861,  and  commanded  the 
thirty-fifth  Mississippi  regiment  from  1862 
until  captured  at  Mobile  in  1865;  he  after 
ward  practiced  law  in  Columbus.  He 
died  Jan.  29,  1868,  in  Columbus,  Miss. 

BARRYMORE,  WILLIAM,  actor.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1826,  and  was 
stage  manager  of  the  Bowery  theater. 
His  first  appearance  here  as  an  actor  was 
Jan.  28,  1832,  at  the  Walnut  street  theater, 
Philadelphia,  in  the  pantomime  of  Mother 
Goose.  He  died  in  1847,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BARSTOW,  GAMALIEL  H.,  business 
man,  state  senator,  congressman.  He  was 
treasurer  of  the  state  of  New  York  from 
1825-38;  served  three  years  in  the  assem 
bly  of  New  York;  four  years  in  the  state 
senate;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1831-33.  He 
died  in  April,  1865,  in  Nichols,  N.  Y. 

BARSTOW,  GEORGE  EAMES,  manu 
facturer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Nov. 
19,  1849,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was 
educated  in  the  pub- 
i»  -t  lie  schools  and  at 
Mowry  and  Goff's 
English  and  Classi 
cal  school  of  Provi 
dence.  For  four 
years  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  common 
council;  and  for 
fourteen  years  was 
a  member  of  the 
school  board,  being 
president  thereof 
during  his  last  year 

of  service.  During  1894-97  he  was  a 
representative  in  the  Rhode  Island  leg 
islature.  He  is  a  successful  manufac 
turer;  and  founder  of  the  town  of  Bars- 
tow,  the  county  seat  of  Ward  county, 
as.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Historical  society  and  other  insti 
tutions;  and  his  descriptive  and  other 
writings  frequently  appear  in  current 
literature. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


85 


BARSTOW,  GIDEON,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Massachusetts  He 
served  in  both  branches  of  the  legislature 
that  state;  and  was  a  representative 
m  congress  from  1821  to  1823.  He  died 
March  26,  1852,  in  St.  Augustine,  Fla. 

BARSTOW,  JOHN  L.,  soldier,  legislator, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  Feb. 
21,  1832,  in  Shelburne,  Vt.  He  served  in 
the  union  army  from  1861  to  1864,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  major;  and  was  made  brig 
adier-general  of  state  troops  at  the  time 
of  the  St.  Albans  raid.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1864- 
65;  a  state  senator  in  1860-68;  and  was 
United  States  pension  agent  at  Burling 
ton,  Vt.,  from  1870-78.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  for  the  term 
of  two  years;  and  in  1882  was  elected 


governor  of  Vermont  for  the  term  of  two 
years. 

BARSTOW,  WILLIAM  A.,  soldier  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1811.  He  was'  gov 
ernor  of  Wisconsin  from  1854  to  1856 
When  the  rebellion  commenced  he  raised 
a  regiment  of  cavalry  for  the  war  and 
was  appointed  its  colonel.  He  rendered 
important  service  on  courts-martial  at 
St.  Louis.  He  died  Dec.  14,  1865,  in  Lea- 
venworth,  Kan. 

BARSTOW,  WILSON,  soldier,  was  born 
m  1830.  He  served  from  the  first  year 
the  war  until  its  close  with  zeal  and 
ability,  entering  the  service  as  a  lieuten 
ant,  and,  passing  through  the  successive 
grades,  attained  the  brevet  rank  of  brig 
adier-general  in  1865.  He  died  March 
16,  1869,  in  New  York  city. 

BARSTOW,  ZEDEKIAH  SMITH  edu- 
ncat°r.  legislator,  author,  was  born  Oct  4, 
1790,  in  Canterbury,  Conn.  In  1818  he  be 
came  pastor  of  a  congregational  church 
m  Keene,  N.  H.  He  continued  to  teach 
the  classics  after  his  settlement  at  Keene 
and  the  late  Chief-Justice  Chase  was  one 
of  his  pupils.  In  1868-69  he  was  a  member 
of  the  New  Hampshire  legislature  and 
chaplain  of  that  body.  He  published  many 
sermons,  dissertations,  and  essays,  and 
was  a  frequent  contributor  to  religious 
periodicals.  He  died  March  1,  1873  in 
Keene,  N.  H. 

BARTEAU,  CLARK  RUSSELL,  soldier, 
awyer,  was  born  April  7,  1835,  near  Cleve 
land,  Ohio.    He  received  his  education  in 
Wesleyan    university    of    Delaware 
Ohio.     Prior  to  the  war  he  went  south 
and   became  principal  of  the  Male  acad 
emy   of   Hartsville,   Tenn.,   in   1856;     and 
two  years    later   became    the   editor   and 
owner  of  The  Hartsville  Plaindealer.  Dur 
ing  the  war  he  was  colonel  of  cavalry 
known    as    Barteau's    Second    Tennessee' 
in  the  confederate  service.   He  was  known 
as  a  fighter;    was  cool  but  impetuous  in 
action,   and   was   wounded  in  many  bat 
tles,      including     Shiloh,      Murfreesboro 
Franklin,  Harrisburg,  and  Okolona;    and 
on  Dec.  6,  1864,  was  disabled  for  the  rest 
of  the  war.     In  1866  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar;    and  in  1870  removed  to  Bartlett, 
Tenn.,  and  practices  law  in  Memphis. 


gress  he  was  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  immigration,  and  reported  and  passed 
the  so-called  Bartholdt-McCall  bill  which 
provided  an  educational  test  for  immi 
grants. 

BARTHOLOMEW,  EDWARD  SHEF 
FIELD,  sculptor,  was  born  in  1822  in  Col 
chester,  Conn.  Among  his  best-known 
works  are  Blind  Homer  led  by  his  Daugh 
ter;  Eve;  Campagna  Shepherd  Boy;  Ge 
nius  of  Painting;  Youth  and  Old  Age- 
Evening  Star;  Eve  Repentant;  Wash 
ington  and  Flora;  A  Monument  to 
Charles  Carroll;  Belisarius  at  the  Porta 
Pincinia;  and  Ganymede.  The  Wads- 
worth  gallery,  Hartford,  Conn.,  contains 
a  large  number  of  his  works.  He  died 
May  2,  1858,  in  Naples,  Italy. 

BARTHOLOMEW,  MILES  MAR 
SHALL,  inventor,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1844, 
in  Vienna,  Ohio.  He  invented  a  type 
writer  aad  took  out  his  first  natent  in 
1879. 

BARTHOLOMEW,  PLINY  WEBSTER, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1340,  in 
Cabotville,  Mass.  He  graduated  in  1864 
from  the  Union  college  of  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.,  and  has  attained  success  as  an 
able  lawyer  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He 
has  been  commissioner  for  New  York  and 
Connecticut,  in  Indiana;  trustee  of  the 
American  college  of  Indianapolis;  and 
judge  of  the  superior  court  during  1892- 
96. 


BARTH,  WILLIAM,  capitalist,  was 
born  in  1829,  in  Germany.  Foreseeing 
the  great  future  of  Denver,  he  at  an 
early  day  bought  a  large  amount  of 
local  real  estate.  He  took  an  active  part 
in  building  The  South  Park  railroad  and 
The  Denver,  Texas  and  Gulf  railroad. 
For  ten  years  he  was  president  of  the 
City  National  bank,  of  Denver,  Colo. 


BARTHOLDT,     RICHARD,     journalist, 
congressman,   was   born  Nov.   2,  1853,   in 
Germany.      He     came     to     this     country 
_  when     a     boy;      re- 

^fe^^          ceived      a     classical 
•|^      education;       learned 
^k     the     printing     trade 
I    and     has     remained 
ifcfc.  f    a     newspaper     man 

^gvif     ever  since.     He  was 
Vm       connected    with   sev- 
(    eral    eastern    papers 
mft.  \         ils      reporter.      legis- 

•AJl  lative  correspond 
ent,  and  editor,  and 
was  at  the  time  of 
his  election  to  con 
gress  editor-in-chief  of  the  St.  Louis 
Tribune.  He  was  elected  to  the  board 
of  public  schools  of  St.  Louis,  and  in 
1891  was  chosen  its  president.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican,  by  over 
16,000  majority.  In  the  fifty-fourth  con- 


BARTHOLOW,  ROBERTS,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1831,  in  How 
ard  county,  Md.  He  is  a  physician  and 
medical  professor  of  Philadelphia.  He 
is  the  author  of  Materia  Medica  and 
Therapeutics;  Practice  of  Medicine; 
Medical  Electricity;  and  The  Antagonism 
between  Medicines  and  between  Remedies 
and  Diseases. 

BARTINE,   HORACE   F.,   soldier,   law 
yer,    journalist,    congressman,    was    born 
March   21,   1848,   in  New  York  city.     He 
enlisted  as  a  private 
soldier     during     the 
civil     war     in     the 
eighth    regiment    of 
the  New  Jersey  vol 
unteers,  and  was  se 
verely     wounded     in 
the     breast    at    the 
battle     of    the    Wil 
derness.        He     was 
subsequently  i  n 

nearly  all  of  the 
principal  engage 
ments  in  which  the 

army  of  the  Potomac  took  part.     In  1869 
nf-m?cod   4?  Nevada-  and   resided   there 
1895.    In  1888  he  was  elected  to  con- 
and    received    the    re-election    in 
He  is   now  the  editor   of  The   Bi- 
metallist  of  Washington,   D.  C. 

BARTINE,    JOHN    D..    lawyer,    jurist 
T  aS,o^rn.    in    1836-    in    Princeton,    N.    J.' 

L»b5   he   moved   to   Somerville    N    J 
where    he    was    appointed    law    judge    in 

m,  receiving  the  reappointment  in  1890 
and  again  in  1895.  Although  he  has  been 
twelve  years  on  the  bench,  such  decisions 

f  his  as  have  been  taken  to  higher  courts 
have  not  been  reversed  in  a  single  in 
stance,  which  proves  his  wisdom  and  in 
timate  knowledge  of  the  law. 

BARTLETT,  A.  EUGENE,  clergyman 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1873, 
m  Boston,  Mass.  He  graduated  from 
Tufts  college,  and  received  the  degree  of 
bachelor  of  theology.  He  has  been  secre 
tary  of  the  Boston  Ministers'  association; 
is  an  earnest  advocate  of  woman's  suf 
frage;  is  prominent  in  many  reform 
movements;  and  is  the  author  of 
Thought  Pits. 


86 


HEHRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BARTLETT,  ALICE  ELOISE,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1848,  in  Dela- 
van,  Wis.  She  is  widely  known  by  the 
pen  name  of  Birch  Arnold.  In  1872  she 
began  to  write  for  the  Toledo  Blade;  and 
is  the  author  of  two  novels  entitled  Un 
til  the  Daybreak,  and  A  New  Aristocracy. 
She  has  written  numerous  meritorious 
poems,  which  have  appeared  in  current 
magazines  and  in  several  standard  col 
lections. 

BARTLETT,  ASA,  jurist.  He  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Dakota. 

BARTLETT,  BAILEY,  congressman. 
He  was  sheriff  of  Essex  county,  Mass., 
for  many  years,  and  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1797 
to  1801. 

BARTLETT,  CHARLES  G.,  soldier. 
For  many  years  he  served  his  country  as 
a  soldier,  and  is  now  a  colonel  in  the 
United  States  army. 

BARTLETT,  CHARLES  HENRY,  naval 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1833,  in  Sun- 
apee,  N.  H.  He  served  with  distinction 
in  the  New  Hampshire  state  senate  in 
1883;  and  was  made  president  of  that 
body.  He  resides  in  Manchester,  and  his 
portrait  hangs  in  the  new  library  build 
ing  of  the  state  capitol. 

BARTLETT.  CHARLES  L.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  31,  ]853,  in  Monticello,  Ga.  He  re 
moved  from  Monticello  to  Macon,  Ga..  in 
1875,  and  has  resided  in  Macon  since 
then;  was  educated  in  the  schools  at 
Monticello,  the  university  of  Georgia,  and 
the  university  of  Virginia;  and  graduated 
at  the  university  of  Georgia  in  August, 
1870.  He  studied  law  at  the  university 
of  Virginia  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  August,  1872.  He  was  appointed  so 
licitor-general  (prosecuting  attorney)  for 
the  Macon  judicial  court  Jan.  31,  1877,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  until  Jan.  31,  1881; 
was  elected  to  the  house  of  representa 
tives  of  Georgia  in  1882-83,  and  again  in 
1884-85,  and  to  the  state  senate  in  1889. 
He  was  elected  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  the  Macon  circuit  in  1893;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty- 
fifth  congresses. 

BARTLETT,  CLARENCE,  lecturer,  was 
born  May  22,  1858,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
He  attained  prominence  as  a  lecturer  on 
neurology  in  many  prominent  colleges; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled 
Farrington  Clinical  Materia  Medica. 

BARTLETT,  DAVID  LEWIS,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1816,  in  Hadley, 
Mass.  His  firm  are  among  the  most  ex 
tensive  manufacturers  of  architectural 
iron  and  gas  works  in  the  United  States. 
They  have  erected  gas  plants  at  Milwau 
kee,  Wis.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Newark,  Ho- 
boken,  and  Morristown,  N.  J.,  Boston, 
Brookline  and  Haverhill,  Mass.,  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.,  Montreal,  Canada,  and  Ha 
vana,  Cuba. 

BARTLETT,  EDWIN  JULIUS,  educa 
tor,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1851,  in  Hudson, 
Ohio.  He  was  graduated  at  Lake  Forest 
academy  in  1868,  and  at  Dartmouth  in 
1872,  after  which  he  studied  at  Rush 
medical  college,  receiving  his  degree  in 
1879.  From  1879  till  1883  he  was  associate 
professor  of  chemistry  in  Dartmouth  col 
lege,  and  in  1883  he  became  full  professor. 

BARTLETT,  ELISHA,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1805,  in  Smithfield,  R. 
I.  He  was  a  Rhode  Island  physician;  and 
the  author  of  The  Fevers  of  the  United 
States;  and  Simple  Settings  in  Verse  for 
Portraits  and  Pictures  in  Mr.  Dicken's 
Gallery.  He  died  July  18,  1855.  in  Smith- 
field,  R.  I. 


BARTLETT,  ELIZABETH  COLLIS, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1838,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  Mrs.  Bartlett's  husband 
was  editor  of  the  Scientific  American. 
After  his  death  she  became  a  writer  of 
short  stories,  and  at  present  is  writing 
stories  on  English  history. 

BARTLETT,  FRANKLIN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1847,  in 
Worcester  county,  Mass.  In  1890  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
commission  of  the  state  of  New  York; 
in  1892  was  a  delegate  from  New  York  to 
the  democratic  national  convention  at 
Chicago;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congresses. 

BARTLETT,  HOMER  LYMAN,  physi 
cian,  was  born  in  Jericho,  Vt.  He  was 
consulting  physician  to  Kings  county 
hospital;  and  in  1881  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Physicians'  Mutual  Aid  association. 
He  has  contributed  freely  to  medical 
journals;  and  also  written  a  series  of 
Sketches  of  Long  Island. 

BARTLETT,  ICHABOD,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  July  24, 
1786,  in  Salisbury,  N.  H.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1823-29;  was  also  frequently 
in  the  state  legislature,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  o£  the  convention  to  revise  the  state 
constitution.  He  died  Oct.  19,  1853,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

BARTLETT,  JOHN,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  June  14,  1820,  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.  He  was  formerly  a  Boston  pub 
lisher,  well  known  as  the  editor  of  Fa 
miliar  Quotations,  which  reached  a  ninth 
edition  in  1891.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Shakespeare  Phrase-Book;  and  A  Com 
plete  Concordance  to  Shakespeare. 

BARTLETT,  JOHN  RUSSELL,  public 
official,  author,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1805,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  at  one  time 
secretary  of  state  in 
Rhode  Island;  and 
was  the  author  of 
Records  of  the  Col 
ony  of  Rhode  Island; 
Memoir  of  Rhode 
Island  Officers  in  the 
War  of  the  Rebel 
lion;  Primeval  Man; 
^  |  Genealogy  of  the 
Russell  Family;  Dic 
tionary  of  Ameri 
canisms;  and  Prog 
ress  of  Ethnology. 
He  edited  the  Letters  of  Roger  Williams. 
He  died  May  28,  1886,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

BARTLETT,  JOSEPH,  poet,  was  born 
June  10.  1762,  in  Plymouth,  Mass.  He 
was  a  satirical  poet  whose  New  Vicar  of 
Bray  once  attracted  considerable  atten 
tion.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1827,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

BARTLETT,  JOSEPH  J.,  diplomat,  was 
born  about  1820,  in  New  York.  In  1867 
he  was  appointed  minister  resident  to 
Sweden  and  Norway,  where  he  remained 
until  1869. 

BARTLETT,  JOSIAH,  jurist,  governor, 
was  born  Nov.  21,  1729,  in  Amesbury, 
Mass.  He  was  educated  for  the  medical 
profession;  held  commissions,  both  mili 
tary  and  civil,  under  the  royal  govern 
ment;  accompanied  Stark  to  Bennington 
as  medical  agent;  was  a  delegate  from 
New  Hampshire  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1775  to  1779,  and  signed  the 
articles  of  confederation  and  declaration 
of  independence.  He  was  appointed,  in 
the  latter  year,  chief  justice  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas;  justice  of  the  superior 
court  in  1784,  and  chief  justice  in  1788. 


In  1790  he  was  appointed  president  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  elected  by  the  peo 
ple  in  1791  and  1792.  In  1793  he  was 
elected  governor  of  New  Hampshire 
under  the  constitution,  serving  two  years. 
He  was  the  president  of  a  medical  society 
established  by  his  efforts  in  1791.  He 
died  May  19,  1795,  in  New  Hampshire. 

BARTLETT,  JOSIAH,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1768,  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  was  a  physician  of  ex 
tensive  practice;  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1811 
to  1813;  and  a  presidential  elector  in 
1792  and  1825.  His  father,  bearing  the 
same  name,  was  a  man  of  note,  and  the 
first  governor  of  New  Hampshire,  after 
the  adoption  of  the  federal  constitution. 
He  died  April  14,  1838,  in  Stratham  N. 
H. 

BARTLETT,  MARY  RUSSELL,  author. 
She  is  a  graduate  of  Wellesley  college; 
and  her  poems  constantly  appear  in  cur 
rent  publications. 

BARTLETT,  NAPIER,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1836,  in  Georgia. 
He  was  the  author  of  Clarimonde,  a 
novelette;  Stories  of  the  Crescent  City; 
and  A  Soldier's  Story  of  the  War.  He 
died  in  1877. 

BARTLETT,  PETER  MASON,  clergy 
man,  banker,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1820,  in 
Salisbury,  Conn.  In  1850  he  graduated 
from  Williams  college;  and  in  1853  from 
the  Union  Theological  seminary  of  New 
York  city.  He  has  been  general  agent  of 
the  American  Tract  society;  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in  Circleville,  Ohio; 
Lansingburgh,  N.  Y.;  and  Windsor 
Locks,  Conn.  He  served  as  chaplain  of 
the  first  New  York  mounted  rifles  during 
1862-63.  In  1868  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  Maryville  college,  Tenn.:  and  for 
nearly  twenty  years  filled  the  chair  of 
Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy,  and  of 
Didactic  Theology  in  that  institution. 
He  has  been  president  of  several  business 
firms  of  Tennessee,  and  is  now  president 
of  the  bank  of  Maryville. 

BARTLETT,  RALPH  W.,  lawyer,  edu 
cator,  was  born  June  13,  1865,  in  North 
Brookfield,  Mass.  He  is  a  graduate  from 
Amherst  college  and  the  Boston  univer 
sity  law  school;  and  is  a  member  of  the 
bar.  Since  1894  he  has  been  instructor 
of  real  property  at  the  Boston  university 
school  of  law. 

BARTLETT,  SAMUEL  COLCORD, 
eighth  president  of  Dartmouth  college, 
was  born  Nov.  25,  1817,  in  Salisbury,  N. 
H.  In  1836  he  graduated  from  Dartmouth 
college;  then  began  educational  work. 
In  1843  he  became  pastor  of  the  congre 
gational  church  in  Monson,  Mass.;  and 
three  years  later  assumed  the  duties  of 
the  professorship  of  intellectual  philoso 
phy  and  rhetoric  in  the  Western  Reserve 
college.  In  1852  he  returned  to  the  min 
istry;  filled  pastorates  in  Manchester, 
N.  H.,  and  Chicago,  111.;  and  became  one 
of  the  editors  of  the  Congregational  Her 
ald.  In  1858  he  was  chosen  professor  of 
biblical  literature  in  the  Chicago  Theo 
logical  seminary;  was  elected  president 
of  Vermont  university  in  1866;  and  in 
1877  became  president  of  Dartmouth  col 
lege.  After  fifteen  years  of  service  he 
resigned  in  1892.  He  is  the  author  of  Life 
and  Death  Eternal;  from  Egypt  to  Pales 
tine;  and  other  works. 

BARTLETT,  THOMAS,  JR.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Ver 
mont.  He  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  and  was  a  representative  in  con- 
Hi'fHs  from  Vermont  from  1851  to  1853. 
lie  served  three  years  in  the  state  legis 
lature,  in  both  houses. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA       OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


87 


BARTLETT,  THOMAS  EDWARD,  con 
tractor,  genealogist,  was  born  April  17, 
1838,  in  Smithfield,  R.  I.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Maine  Wesleyan  semi 
nary,  and  the  Quaker  school  of  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  is  a  successful  contractor 
of  Worcester,  Mass.,  and  the  author  of  a 
genealogy  of  the  Bartletts. 

BARTLETT,  THOMAS  ELLIOTT, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  20, 
1853,  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  gradu 
ated  from  Brown  university  and  New 
ton  Theological  institute,  and  since  1880 
has  been  pastor  of  South  Baptist  church, 
of  Providence,  R.  I.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  books. 

BARTLETT,  WASHINGTON,  governor, 
was  born  Feb.  29,  1824,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 
He  published  the  first  book  printed  in 
California,  entitled  California  as  It  Is 
and  as  It  May  Be.  In  1886  he  was  chosen 
governor  of  California,  and  held  that 
office  until  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
died  Sept.  2,  1887. 

BARTLETT,  WILLIAM,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1748,  in  Newbury 
port,  Mass.  Entering  on  a  mercantile 
career,  before  the  revolution,  he  suc 
ceeded,  with  economy,  in  amassing  a  for 
tune,  which  he  largely  spent  in  charity, 
and  for  the  advancement  of  religion  and 
morals.  At  the  foundation  of  Andover 
theological  seminary,  in  1807,  he  gave  it 
$30,000,  endowed  a  professorship,  and 
built  a  house  for  the  use  of  the  incum 
bent.  His  gifts  to  this  institution  reached 
$250,000,  and  he  also  gave  largely  toward 
temperance  work,  missions,  and  the  edu 
cation  of  ministers.  He  died  Feb.  8, 
1841,  in  Newburyport,  Mass. 

BARTLETT,  WILLIAM  FRANCIS,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1840,  in  Haverhill, 
Mass.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  as 
captain  of  the  57th  Massachusetts  volun 
teers,  and  was  promoted  brigadier-general 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct.  He 
died  Dec.  17,  1876,  in  Pittsfield,  Mass. 

BARTLETT,  WILLIAM  HOLMS 
CHAMBERS,  scientist,  author,  was  born 
in  1809,  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  a 
prominent  scientist,  who  was  from  1834- 
71  an  instructor  at  West  Point.  He  was 
the  author  of  Treatise  on  Optics;  Analy 
tical  Mechanics;  and  Spherical  Astrono 
my.  He  died  in  1893. 

BARTLETT,  WILLIAM  PITT  GREEN 
WOOD,  mathematician,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  27,  1837,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  be 
came  one  of  the  corps  of  computers  for 
the  Nautical  Almanac.  He  published 
several  papers  on  the  elements  of  quater 
nions  in  the  Mathematical  Monthly,  and 
on  interpolation  in  the  Memoirs  of  the 
American  Academy.  He  died  Jan.  13, 
1865,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

BARTLEY,  ELIAS  HUDSON,  chemist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1849,  in  Bartley- 
ville,  N.  J.  In  1882  he  was  appointed 
chief  chemist  to  the  health  department, 
Brooklyn.  He  is  also  consulting  sanita 
rian  to  the  hospital  for  nervous  diseases, 
and  visiting  physician  to  the  sheltering 
arms  nursery.  Dr.  Bartley  is  a  member 
of  numerous  medical  and  other  scientific 
societies,  and  president  of  the  American 
Society  of  Public  Analysts.  He  has  con 
tributed  several  articles  to  Wood's  House 
hold  Practice  of  Medicine;  and  is  the 
author  of  A  Text-Book  of  Medical  Chem 
istry. 

BARTLEY,  MORDECAI,  soldier,  agri 
culturalist,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  16, 
1783,  in  Fayette  county,  Pa.  He  was  cap 
tain  and  adjutant,  under  Harrison,  in  the 
war  of  1812;  and  was  a  state  senator  in 


1817  and  1818.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1823  to  1831; 
and  governor  of  Ohio  from  1844  to  1846. 
He  died  Oct.  12,  187.0,  in  Mansfield,  Ohio. 

BARTLEY,  THOMAS  W.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  governor,  was  born 
Feb.  11,  1812,  in  Jefferson  county,  Pa. 
He  served  two  years  in  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives,  and  four  years  in  the  senate 
of  Ohio.  In  1851  he  was  elected  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Ohio,  and  served  in 
that  position  two  terms,  three  years  of 
the  time  as  chief  justice  of  the  court.  In 
1844,  when  Governor  Shannon  resigned 
to  become  minister  to  Mexico,  Mr.  Bart- 
ley,  as  president  of  the  senate,  became 
the  governor. 

BARTOL,  CYRUS  AUGUSTUS,  clergy 
man,    author,    poet,    was    born    April    30, 
1813,   in   Freeport,   Maine.     His   first  and 
only     settlement     in 

•••P'M~~**|BM|    the  ministry  was  as 
I    colleague  with    Rev. 
I    Dr.    Charles    Lowell, 
I    at  West  church,  Bos 
ton,  in  1837.    In  1861 
I    he  became  and   still 
remains  sole  pastor, 
_.,^j    having  rendered  dis- 
•jjjfc*    jft  I    tinguished        service 
Jig*  '•>•  ^B     I    of  more  than  half  a 

BL  ^J       I    century  over  one  of 

f  \  the  oldest  and  most 

influential     societies 

of  Boston.  This  noted  Unitarian  clergy 
man  is  prominent  as  a  leader  of  radical 
religious  thought;  and  has  always  been 
active  in  philanthropic  movements.  He 
is  the  author  of  Pictures  of  Europe; 
Christian  Spirit  and  Life;  Radical 
Problems;  The  Rising  Faith;  Principles 
and  Portraits;  Church  and  Congregation; 
and  Christian  Body  and  Form. 

• 

BARTON,  MRS.  ANNA,  pastor,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  26,  1842,  in  Western  New 
York.  After  engaging  in  active  church 
service  for  many  years,  in  1886  she  as 
sumed  the  position  of  pastor  of  the  Free 
Baptist  church,  of  Paw  Paw,  Mich.  In 
1882  she  published  a  volume  of  poems, 
entitled  For  Friendship's  Sake. 

BARTON,  BENJAMIN  SMITH,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1766,  in 
Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  a  noted  physician 
of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  Ob 
servations  on  Some  Parts  of  Natural  His 
tory;  New  Views  on  the  Origin  of  the 
Tribes  of  North  America;  and  Elements 
of  Botany.  He  died  Dec.  19,  1815,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BARTON,  CLARA,  philanthropist,  was 
born  in  1830,  in  North  Oxford,  Mass.  She 
was  educated  at  Clinton,  N.  Y.  She 
founded  a  free  school  at  Bordentown,  N. 
J.;  was  clerk  in  the  United  States  pat 
ent  office  from  1854  to  1861;  devoted  her 
self  to  the  care  of  sick  and  wounded  sol 
diers  during  the  civil  war;  went  to  Eu 
rope  and  did  hospital  work  iu  the 
Franco-German  war;  aided  the  Red 
Cross  movement;  assisted  the  poor  at 
Paris  and  Strasburg;  returning,  she  be 
came  the  head  of  the  Red  Cross  society, 
and  in  1896  went  to  Turkey  to  aid  the 
persecuted  Armenians.  In  1898  she  went 
to  Cuba,  and  had  charge  of  distributing 
supplies  furnished  by  the  United  States 
government. 

BARTON,  DAVID,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1785,  in  Boonville,  Mo.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  emigrants  to  the  territory 
of  Missouri;  president  of  the  convention 
which  met  to  form  a  state  constitution 
in  1820;  and  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Missouri  from  1821  to  1831.  He 
died  Sept.  28,  1837,  near  Boonville,  Mo. 


BARTON,  HUBBARD  ALONZO,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  May  12,  1842,  in 
Croydon,  N.  H.  This  well-known  New 
Hampshire  editor 
was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  his  native 
town  and  by  private 
instruction,  and  for 
many  years  was 
superintendent  of 
schools.  Early  de 
veloping  a  literary 
taste  he  contributed 
much,  both  in  prose 
and  verse,  to  the 
public  press.  In 
1879  he  became  the 
editor  and  senior  proprietor  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Argus  and  Spectator,  a  well- 
known  democratic  newspaper  published 
at  Newport,  N.  H.,  which  was  established 
in  1823,  by  his  great  uncle,  the  Hon.  Cy 
rus  Barton;  and  for  the  past  twenty 
years  he  has  been  continuously  connected 
with  that  publication. 

BARTON,  RICHARD  W.,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1841  to  1843;  also  served 
in  the  state  legislature;  and  was  the  first 
president  of  the  Valley  Agricultural  so 
ciety.  He  died  March  15,  1859,  in  Fred 
erick  county,  Va. 

BARTON,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New-  York.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  assembly  of  that  state;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1835  to  1837. 

BARTON,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1730,  in  Monaghan,  Ireland.  He 
was  for  nearly  twenty  years  rector  of  St. 
James  church,  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  died 
May  25,  1780,  in  New  York. 

BARTON,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born 
May  26,  1748,  in  Warren,  R.  I.  He  was  a 
soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war;  and 
received  the  rank  of  colonel  and  a  sword 
for  his  services.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1831, 
in  Providence,  R.  I. 

BARTON,  WILLIAM  PAUL  CRILLON, 
physician,  surgeon,  botanist,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  17,  1786,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  organized  the  United  States  naval 
bureau  of  medicine  and  surgery,  and  was 
known  both  as  botanist  and  surgeon.  He 
was  the  author  of  Vegetable  Materia  Med- 
ica  of  the  United  States;  Flora  of  North 
America;  Medical  Botany;  and  Compen 
dium  Florae  Philadelphia?.  He  died  Feb. 
9,  1856,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BARTOW,  A.  A.,  educator,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1851,  in  Huron, 
Ohio.  Until  1889  he  was  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work;  and  then  became  editor 
of  the  Cincinnati  Public  School  Journal. 
At  the  age  of  twelve  he  was  a  drummer 
boy  in  the  union  army. 

BARTRAM,  JOHN,  botanist,  author, 
was  born  March  23,  1699,  in  Darby,  Pa. 
He  was  a  shrewd,  careful  observer  whom 
Linnaeus  termed  the  greatest  natural 
botanist  in  the  world,  and  was  called  the 
father  of  American  botany.  He  was  the 
author  of  Observations  on  the  Inhabi 
tants,  Climate,  etc.,  as  made  by  Mr.  John 
Bartram  in  his  Travels  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  Onondaga,  etc.  A  similar  record 
of  travels  in  eastern  Florida  appeared  in 
1766.  He  died  Sept.  22,  1777,  in  King- 
sessing,  Pa. 

BARTRAM,  JOSEPH  BURR,  merchant, 
was  born  May  17,  1839,  in  Black  Rock, 
Conn.  He  is  extensively  engaged  in  the 
importation  of  sugar  from  the  West  In 
dies,  having  plantations  on  the  islands 
of  St.  Croix  and  San  Domingo,  and  con 
trolling  the  product  of  several  others. 


88 


HERRTNGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BARTRAM,  WILLIAM,  botanist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1739,  in  Kingsess- 
ing,  Pa.  He  was  a  botanist  and  traveler 
of  Pennsylvania;  and  the  author  of 
Travel  Through  North  and  South  Caro 
lina,  Georgia,  etc.;  and  Observations  on 
the  Creek  and  Cherokee  Indians.  He 
died  July  22,  1823,  in  Kingsessing,  Pa. 

EARWIG,  CHARLES,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  -was  born  March  19,  1837,  in 
Germany.  He  emigrated  to  America  with 
his  parents  in  1845,  locating  at  Milwau 
kee.  He  graduated  from  the  Spencerian 
business  college  in  1857;  located  at  May- 
ville  in  1865;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  con 
gresses. 

BARZEE,  CLARK  LOUIS,  educator, 
college  president,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  5, 
1864,  in  Marion  county,  Ore.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Jefferson  institute,  Ore 
gon;  president  of  the  Mineral  Spring  col 
lege,  of  Sodaville,  Ore.,  of  which  institu 
tion  he  was  the  founder;  and  is  now 
president  of  the  state  normal  school,  of 
Drain,  Ore.  For  several  years  he  was  the 
editor  of  the  Oregon  School  Journal;  is 
the  author  of  a  work  entitled  X-Rays  on 
the  Public  Schools;  and  is  the  author  of 
•  a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 

BASCOM,  HENRY  BIDLEMAN,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  May  27,  1796,  in  Han 
cock,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  bishop  of  the 
methodist  church;  and  the  author  of 
Sermons  from  the  Pulpit;  Mental  and 
Moral  Science;  and  Methodism  and 
Slavery.  He  died  Sept.  8,  1850,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky. 

BASCOM,  JOHN,  author,  was  born  May 
1,  1827,  in  Genoa,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  philo 
sophical  writer,  and  from  1874-87  was 
president  of  Wisconsin  university,  and 
subsequently  professor  of  political  science 
at  Williams  college.  He  is  the  author  of 
Elements  of  Psychology;  ^Esthetics;  Po 
litical  Economy  for  Colleges;  Science, 
Philosophy,  and  Religion;  Natural  The 
ology;  The  Science  of  Mind;  The  Words 
of  Christ;  Philosophy  of  English  Litera 
ture;  Comparative  Psychology;  Problems 
in  Philosophy;  Sociology,  Social  Theory; 
Ethics;  The  New  Theology;  Historical 
Interpretation  of  Philosophy;  and  A  Phil 
osophy  of  Religion. 

BASHFORD,  HERBERT,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1871,  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
A  poem  written  at  the  age  of  fifteen  was 
accepted  by  the  Critic,  and  his  poems  have 
appeared  in  several  standard  works. 

BASHFORD,  JAMES  WHITFORD, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
in  1849,  in  Fayette,  Wis.  He  has  held 
various  pastorates,  had  frequent  calls  to 
take  up  educational  work,  and  in  1889 
was  elected  president  of  the  Ohio  Wesley- 
an  university. 

BASHFORD,  ROBERT  McKEE.  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1845,  in  Fay 
ette,  Wis.  He  graduated  from  the  state 
university  of  Wisconsin  in  ancient 
classics  in  1870;  and  in  law  the  follow 
ing  year.  During  1880-85  he  was  city 
attorney  of  Madison,  Wis.;  a  delegate  to 
the  national  democratic  convention  in 
1884;  and  in  1890  was  mayor  of  that  city. 
During  1884-85  and  since  1893  he  has  been 
professor  in  a  law  school  of  the  state 
university  of  Wisconsin.  During  1892-96 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  state 
senate,  and  served  with  distinction  in 
that  body. 

BASKERVILL,  WILLIAM  MALONE, 
educator,  author,  was  born  April  1,  1850, 
In  Fayette  county,  Tenn.  He  has  been 
professor  of  Latin  and  French  in  Wofford 
college,  S.  C.;  and  of  English  language 
and  literature  in  the  Vanderbilt  univer 


sity.  He  is  the  author  of  Joel  Chandler 
Harris,  a  biographical  and  critical  study. 
BASS,  EDWARD,  bishop,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1726,  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  He  was 
consecrated  in  Philadelphia  in  1797,  and 
his  jurisdiction  extended  over  the 
churches  in  Rhode  Island  and  New 
Hampshire.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1803,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass. 

BASS,  JOHN  H.,  soldier,  business  man, 
financier,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1835,  in  Sa 
lem,  Ky.  During  the  war  he  served  the 

union    cause    in    the 

thirtieth  regiment 
Indiana  volunteer 
infantry.  He  es 
tablished  the  Fort 
Wayne  Machine 
works,  and  in  1869 
extended  his  opera 
tions  by  founding 
the  St.  Louis  Car 
Wheel  company,  of 
which  he  was  presi 
dent.  Since  1880  he 
has  owned  a  plant 
for  the  manufacture  of  pig  iron  in  north 
eastern  Alabama,  whence  that  commodity 
is  shipped  to  his  establishments  in  Fort 
Wayne,  Chicago,  and  St.  Louis.  He  is 
the  president  of  the  old  national  bank  of 
Fort  Wayne;  owns  the  Brookside  farm; 
and  nearly  twenty  thousand  acres  of  val 
uable  mineral  land  in  Alabama.  In  1888 
he  was  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  demo 
cratic  national  convention,  and  was  the 
same  year  nominated  one  of  the  presi 
dential  electors. 

BASS,  JOSIAH  LUSTER,  merchant 
was  born  Feb.  20,  1853,  in  DeKalb  county, 
Tenn.  He  established  a  large  dry  goods 
house  in  Griffin,  Rome  and  Atlanta;  and 
has  been  a  prominent  leader  in  public 
industrial  affairs. 

BASS,  LYMAN  K.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1836,  in  Alden,  N. 
Y.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  for 
Erie  county  in  1865,  for  three  years;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1868;  and  served  until 
1872.  He  was  renominated  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  and  forty-fourth  con 
gresses. 

BASS,  WILLIAM  C.,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1831,  in  Au 
gusta,  Ga.  He  entered  the  ministry  of 
the  methodist  church  in  1852,  and  has 
given  his  later  life  to  the  work  of  edu 
cation  in  Georgia.  He  became  a  professor 
in  the  Wesleyan  Female  college  in  1859, 
and  succeeded  to  the  presidency  in  1874. 
BASSETT,  ALLAN  LEE,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  insurance  president,  was  born  Feb. 
28,  1827,  near  Birmingham,  Conn.  For 
twenty  years  he  was 
a  successful  mer 
chant  of  New  York 
city.  He  served  with 
distinction  through 
the  civil  war  in  the 
twenty-third  New 
York  regiment.  In 
1866  he  established 
The  Northern 
Monthly  and  New 
Jersey  Magazine,  of 
Irvington,  N.  J., 
which  subsequently 
became  Putnam's  Magazine.  In  1873  he 
organized  the  Prudential  Insurance  com 
pany,  now  one  of  the  most  important  in 
stitutions  of  its  kind  in  America;  and 
he  became  its  first  president.  He  died 
Dec.  4,  1892,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  His  son 
Carrol  Phillips  Bassett,  still  resides  in 
Newark,  N.  J. 

BASSETT,  ARTHUR,  merchant,  was 
born  Jan.  17,  1861,  in  Fairfield.  Mich.  In 
1882  he  was  elected  great  commander  of 


the  Order  of  the  Knights  of  the  Macca 
bees,  at  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  where  he  is 
a  wholesale  druggist  and  successful  man 
of  affairs. 

BASSETT,  BURWELL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  Kent  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  in  1805-13,  from  1815  to  1819, 
and  from  1821  to  1831. 

BASSETT,  CARROLL  PHILLIPS,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1862, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  president  of 
the  New  Jersey  Sanitary  association  from 
1892-93;  is  chief  engineer  of  the  Com 
monwealth  Water  company;  and  has  de 
signed  and  constructed  the  waterworks, 
the  sewerage,  and  sewage  purification 
works  of  many  towns  in  New  Jersey,  New 
York,  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Conservation  of 
Streams,  and  Inland  Sewage  Disposal. 

BASSETT,  HOMER  FRANKLIN,  li 
brarian,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1826,  in  Flori 
da,  Mass.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  li 
brarian  of  the  Silas  Bronson  library,  of 
Waterbury,  Conn. 

BASSETT,  J.  ANTHONY,  educator,  was 
born  Dec.  25,  1850,  in  Denmark,  N.  Y.  He 
received  a  thorough  education  in  the  Low- 
ville  academy  and  the  Rochester  univer 
sity.  For  twelve  years  he  was  in  charge 
of  the  departments  of  science  and  mathe 
matics  in  the  old  Gouverneur  Wesleyan 
seminary;  and  in  1887  assumed  the  prin- 
cipalship  of  the  Richfield  Springs  Union 
schools. 

BASSETT,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  31,  1834,  in  Canada.  This 
eminent  clergyman  has  filled  various  pas 
torates  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  York. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  works, 
and  has  contributed  extensively  to  church 
literature. 

BASSETT,  RICHARD,  jurist,  United. 
States  senator,  governor,  was  born  in 
Delaware.  He  was  a  member  from  Dela 
ware  of  .the  convention  which  formed  the 
constitution,  and  signed  that  instrument; 
and  was1  a  senator  in  congress  from  1789 
to  1793.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1797,  and  was  the  first  man  who  cast  his 
vote  for  locating  the  seat  of  government 
on  the  Potomac.  He  was  chief  justice  of 
the  federal  supreme  court,  and  governor 
of  Delaware  from  1798  to  1801.  He  died 
in  September,  1815,  in  Delaware. 

BASSETT,  SPENCER  JOHN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1867,  in  Tar- 
borough,  N.  C.  He  is  a  successful  edu 
cator  and  the  author  of  the  following 
works:  The  Constitutional  Beginnings  of 
North  Carolina;  Slavery  and  Servitude  in 
the  Colony  of  North  Carolina;  The  Reg 
ulators  of  North  Carolina;  Suffrage  in 
North  Carolina;  and  Anti-Slavery  Lead 
ers  in  North  Carolina. 

BASTIN,  EDSON  SEWELL,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  Wisconsin.  In  1893 
he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  materia 
medica  and  botany  in  the  Philadelphia 
College  of  Pharmacy.  He  is  the  author 
of  Lectures  on  Botany  and  Materia  Medi 
ca;  Elements  of  Botany;  The  College  Bot 
any;  and  Vegetable  History. 

BATCHELDER,  JOHN  PUTNAM,  edu 
cator,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  6,  1784,  in  Wilton,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  successful  surgeon,  and  performed 
many  operations  of  great  importance,  and 
requiring  extraordinary  skill  and  daring. 
He  was  president  of  the  Academy  of  Medi 
cine,  and  of  the  New  York  Medical  as 
sociation  in  1858.  He  published  Thoughts 
on  the  Connection  of  Life,  Mind,  and 
Matter,  and  other  works.  He  died  April 
8,  1868.  in  New  York  city. 


HERKINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BATCHELDER,  SAMUEL,  manufactur 
er,  inventor,  author,  was  born  June  8, 
1784,  in  Jaffrey,  N.  H.  In  1808  he  began 
the  manufacture  of  cotton  at  New  Ips 
wich.  Among  his  inventions,  that  of  the 
dynamometer,  for  ascertaining  the  power 
for  driving  machinery,  first  used  in  the 
York  mills  in  1837,  is  perhaps  the  great 
est.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of  the 
Cotton  Manufacture  in  the  United  States. 
He  died  Feb.  5,  1879,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

BATCHELLER,  GEORGE  S.,  soldier, 
statesman,  was  born  July  25,  1836,  in 
Batchellerville,  N.  Y.  He  reorganized  the 
militia  of  New  York  and  served  as  in 
spector-general  from  1865  to  1869.  He 
was  appointed  to  represent  the  United 
States  at  the  international  tribunal  of 
Egypt,  and  in  1883  was  elected  president 
of  that  body.  In  1889  he  was  appointed 
consul-general  to  Egypt  by  President 
Harrison. 

BATCHELOR,  GEORGE,  clergyman, 
author.  He  was  born  in  1836  in  Connecti 
cut.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman,  and 
the  author  of  Social  Equilibrium  and  Oth 
er  Problems,  Ethical  and  Religious. 

BATE,  HENRY  C.,  soldier,  was  born 
July  28,  1839,  in  Bledsoe's  Lick,  Tenn.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war  as  a  confederate, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  major. 

BATE,  WILLIAM  B,,  soldier,  lawyer, 
governor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  17,  1826,  in  Castalian  Springs,  Tenn. 
He  received  an  academic  education; 
served  as  a  private  throughout  the  Mexi 
can  war  in  Louisiana  and  Tennessee  regi 
ments;  and  a  year  after  returning  from 
the  Mexican  war  was  elected  to  the  Ten 
nessee  legislature.  In  1854  he  was  elected 
attorney-general  for  the  Nashville  district 
for  six  years;  was  a  presidential  elector 
in  1860;  was  private,  captain,  colonel, 
brigadier-general,  and  major-general  In 
the  confederate  service,  surrendering  with 
the  army  of  Tennessee  in  1865;  and  was 
three  times  dangerously  wounded.  Aft 
er  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to 
Tennessee  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
law;  was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic 
national  convention  in  1868;  served  on 
the  national  democratic  executive  com 
mittee  for  Tennessee  twelve  years;  was 
an  elector  for  the  state-at-large  on  the 
Tilden  and  Hendricks  ticket  in  1876;  in 
1882  was  elected  governor  of  Tennessee, 
and  re-elected  in  1884  without  opposition. 
He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  in  1887,  and  in  1893-99. 

BATEMAN,  EPHRAIM,  physician,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Cedar- 
ville,  N.  J.  He  was  well  educated,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  medicine.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1815  to  1823;  and  a  senator  in  congress 
from  1826  to  1829.  He  died  Jan.  29,  1829, 
in  Cedarville,  N.  J. 

BATEMAN,  ISABEL,  actress,  was  born 
Dec.  28,  1854,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Her 
family  moved  to  England  in  1863.  Two 
years  later  she  made  her  d6but  in  a 
child's  character  in  London.  For  six 
years  after  1872  she  played  the  leading 
characters  with  Henry  Irving.  Most  of 
her  acting  has  been  done  in  the  theaters 
of  London. 

BATEMAN,  KATE  J.,  actress,'  was 
born  Oct.  7,  1842,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  Her 
father  became  the  manager  of  the  Ly 
ceum  theater  in  London.  She  was  intro 
duced  to  the  London  public  by  P.  T. 
Barnum  in  conjunction  with  her  young 
sister,  as  the  Bateman  Children.  Her 
married  name  was  Crowe.  Her  best  char 
acter  was  that  of  Leah  in  a  play  of 
that  name. 


BATEMAN,  NEWTON,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  July  27, '1822,  in 
Fairfield,  N.  J.  He  came  to  Illinois  in 
1833,  and  graduated  from  Illinois  college 
in  1843.  He  assisted  in  organizing  the 
State  Teachers'  association  of  Illinois  in 
1854.  In  1858  he  founded  the  Illinois 
Teacher,  and  was  its  first  editor.  He 
became  state  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  of  Illinois  in  1859,  and  to  this 
office  he  was  re-elected  four  times.  In 
1860  he  issued  the  first  of  the  series  of 
reports,  which  are  recognized  as  classic 
authority  concerning  Illinois  pedagogic 
law.  In  1874  he  was  chosen  president  of 
Knox  college.  He  died  Oct.  21,  1897,  in 
Galesburg,  111. 

BATES,  ARLO,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  16,  1850,  in  East  Machias, 
Maine.  He  is  professor  of  English  liter 
ature  in  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech 
nology.  He  is  the  author  of  Talks  on 
Writing  English;  The  Pagans;  Patty's 
Perversities;  A  Wheel  of  Fire;  In  the 
Bundle  of  Time;  A  Lad's  Love;  The  Phil 
istines;  A  Book  o'  Nine  Tales.  His  verse 
includes  Berries  of  the  Brier;  Sonnets  in 
Shadow;  A  Poet  and  his  Self;  Told  in 
the  Gate;  and  The  Torch-Bearers. 

BATES,  BENJAMIN  E.,  philanthro 
pist.  Bates  college,  of  Lewiston,  Maine, 
was  controlled  by  the  free  baptists; 
founded  in  1863,  and  named  after  Ben 
jamin  E.  Bates,  of  Boston,  who  contrib 
uted  $200,000  to  its  endowment  fund. 

•  BATES,  CHARLOTTE  FISKE,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1838,  in  New 
York  city.  She  has  published  a  volume 
of  her  collected  verses,  entitled  Risk,  and 
Other  Poems.  She  has  edited  the  Long 
fellow  Birthday  Book  and  The  Seven 
Voices  of  Sympathy,  compilations  of 
Longfellow's  prose  and  poetry,  and  the 
Cambridge  Book  of  Poetry  and  Song,  a 
volume  of  poetical  selections  from  Eng 
lish  and  American  authors.  She  has  also 
written  some  prose,  which  has  not  yet 
been  published  in  a  collected  form.  Miss 
Bates  assisted  Longfellow  in  compiling 
his  Poems  of  Places,  making  ten  trans 
lations  expressly  for  the  work. 

BATES,  MRS.  CLARA  [DOTY],  author, 
was  born  in  1838  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
She  is  a  writer  of  juvenile  tales  and  the 
author  of  Classics  of  Babyland  Versified; 
Child  Lore;  On  the  Way  to  Wonderland; 
and  Heart's  Content.  She  died  in  1895. 

BATES,  CYRUS  S.,  an  eminent  cler 
gyman  of  the  episcopal  church,  was 
born  Dec.  31,  1840,  in  Chester,  Ohio. 
He  was  among  the  first  to  volun 
teer  in  the  northern  army  in  1861,  and 
was  distinguished  for  his  bravery.  He 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga.  In  1865  he  graduated 
from  the  Cincinnati  Law  school,  and  later 
from  the  Theological  seminary  at  Gam- 
bier,  Ohio.  During  six  years  he  was 
professor  of  divinity  in  this  seminary, 
and  professor  of  philosophy  in  Kenyon 
college.  For  the  last  twelve  years  of 
his  life  he  was  rector  of  St.  Paul's,  Cleve 
land.  He  was  a  vigorous  thinker  and  a 
speaker  of  great  power,  indefatigable  in 
labor,  and  prominent  in  many  lines  of 
philanthropic  work.  He  died  April  19, 
1896,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

BATES,  DAVID,  author,  was  born 
about  1810  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
the  author  of  the  well-known  poem 
Speak  Gently,  about  which,  shortly  after 
its  publication,  there  was  a  notable  con 
troversy  and  counterclaims  as  to  its  au 
thorship.  Childhood  is  another  of  his  best 
known  pieces.  A  complete  edition  of  his 
poems  was  edited  by  his  son.  He  died 
Nov.  25,  1870,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


BATES,  DEWEY,  painter,  was  born  in. 
1851  in  Philadelphia.  At  an  early  age  he 
went  abroad  to  study  art,  first  entering 
the  schools  of  the  royal  academy  of  Ant 
werp,  and  subsequently  spending  several 
years  as  a  student  in  the  Ecole  des  beaux 
arts  in  Paris  and  as  a  pupil  of  GSrome^ 

BATES,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  jurist,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  4, 
1793,  in  Belmont,  Va.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Missouri, 
serving  from  1827  to  1829;  and  in  1830 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate.  In  1831 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  lower  house 
of  the  legislature;  in  1850  was  appointed 
secretary  of  war,  but  declined  the  office; 
and  in  1853  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
St.  Louis  land  court,  which  office  he  re 
signed  in  1856.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
attorney-general  in  President  Lincoln's 
cabinet.  He  died  March  25,  1869,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

BATES,  FREDERICK,  jurist,  governor, 
was  born  June  23,  1777,  in  Belmont,  Va. 
He  was  appointed  by  President  Jefferson 
in  1805  the  first  United  States  judge  for 
the  territory  of  Michigan,  and  having 
subsequently  become  a  citizen  of  Missouri 
was  elected  governor  of  Missouri,  serv 
ing  from  1824  until  his  death,  Aug.  21, 
1825. 

BATES,  MRS.  HARRIET  LEONORA 
[VOSE],  author,  was  born  in  1856.  She 
was  the  author  of  A  Woodland  Wooing; 
Old  Salem;  and  Prince  Vance.  She  died 
in  1886. 

BATES,  ISAAC  C.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  14,  1780,  in 
Granville,  Mass.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  1802,  and  studied  law  and  at 
tained  a  high  position  as  an  advocate. 
He  was  frequently  in  the  state  legislature 
and  a  member  of  the  executive  council; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  front 
1827  to  1833;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  1841  to  1845.  He  died  March 
16,  1845,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BATES,  J.  WOODSON,  jurist.  He  was. 
an  early  emigrant  to  the  southwest,  and 
while  residing  at  the  post  of  Arkansas 
was  appointed  a  United  States  judge  for 
that  territory. 

BATES,  JAMES,  physician,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Somerset  county,  Maine,  from 
1831  to  1833. 

BATES,  JAMES  W.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Goochland  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  congress  from  the  territory 
of  Arkansas  from  1820  to  1823. 

BATES,  JOHN  LEWIS,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1859,  in  Easton, 
Mass.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Boston  Latin  school  and  the  college  and 
law  departments  of  the  Boston  univer 
sity.  He  has  attained  success  as  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers  of  New  England, 
and  is  the  senior  member  of  the  law  firm 
of  Bates  and  Bradish,  of  Boston,  Mass. 
In  1891-92  he  was  a  member  of  the  Bos 
ton  common  council;  in  1894-97  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  house  of  representatives,  and 
was  speaker  of  the  house  in  1897. 

BATES,  JOSEPH  CLEMENT,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  July,  1836,  in  Rich 
mond,  Maine.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  San  Francisco,  Cal.  He  has  published 
a  work,  Forms  and  Use  of  Blanks,  and 
a  paper  entitled  Horace  Howes's  Will 
Case. 

BATES,  JOSHUA,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  March  20,  1776,  in 
Cohasset,  Mass.  In  1818  he  accepted  the 
presidency  of  Middlebury  college,  Vt.» 
which  position  he  filled  for  twenty  years. 
He  died  Jan.  14,  1854,  in  Dudley,  Mass. 


90 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BATES,  KATHARINE  LEE,  educator, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1859,  in 
Falmouth,  Mass.  She  received  her  de- 
degrees  of  B.A.  and  M.A.  from  the  Welles- 
ley  college,  in  which  institution  she  has 
been  instructor  of  English  literature  for 
many  years.  She  Is  the  author  of  the 
Student's  Series  of  English  Classics,  nu 
merous  stories,  and  two  volumes  of 
poems. 

BATES,  LAURENCE  WEBSTER,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1819,  in  Burling 
ton  county,  N.  J.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  Medford 
Quaker  school  of  his 
native  county.  For 
several  years  he  was 
the  editor  of  a 
prominent  church 
paper,  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively 
to  current  litera 
ture.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Mary 
land  conference  in 
1860-61;  president 
of  the  general  con 
ference  in  1874;  president  of  the  gen 
eral  church  convention  in  1877;  and 
he  has  filled  numerous  high  positions 
in  the  methodist  episcopal  church.  Dur 
ing  1893-96  he  was  professor  in  the  West 
minster  Theological  seminary.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  to  compile  a 
new  hymn  book;  and  is  first  president  of 
the  Christian  Endeavor  union  of  the 
methodist  protestant  church. 

BATES,  MRS.  MARGARET  HOLMES, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1844,  in 
Fremont,  Ohio.  She  is  the  author  of  two 
novels  entitled  Manitou,  and  The  Cham 
ber  Over  the  Gate,  and  her  poems  have 
appeared  in  several  standard  collections. 

BATES,  MARTIN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  24, 
1787,  in  Salisbury,  Conn.  He  was  edu 
cated  for  a  physician,  and  taught  school 
for  a  time,  but  afterward  studied  law  and 
removed  to  Delaware,  where  he  practiced 
in  Dover.  He  served  several  terms  in  the 
legislature,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1850. 
After  the  death  of  John  M.  Clayton  he 
was  chosen  to  the  United  States  senate 
as  a  democrat,  and  served  from  1858-59. 
He  died  Jan.  1,  1869,  in  Dover.  Del. 

BATES,  SAMUEL  PENNIMAN,  educa 
tor,  historian,  poet,    was  born     Jan.     29, 
1827,  in  Mendon,  Mass-:.  In  1851  he  graduat 
ed    from    the  Brown 
university,  and     the 
following   five   years 
he    was   engaged    in 
teaching  the  ancient 
languages     in  Mead- 
ville,  Pa.,  which  city 
has    since  been     his 
home.     In     1857     he 
^BL  was  elected  superin 

tendent  of  public 
schools  of  Crawford 
county;  received  the 
re-election  in  1860, 

but  resigned  to  accept  the  office  of  deputy 
state  superintendent  of  education,  which 
position  he  held  for  six  years.  In 
1866  he  was  appointed  state  historian,  and 
the  result  of  his  seven  years'  work  was 
published  in  five  volumes  entitled  His 
tory  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  next 
wrote  the  Lhes  of  the  Governors  of 
Pennsylvania,  which  was  followed  by  the 
following  works:  Martial  Deeds  of 
Pennsylvania;  The  History  of  the  Battle 
of  Gettysburg;  The  History  of  the  Bat 
tle  of  Chancellorsville;  and  a  Condensed 
History  of  Pennsylvania. 


BATES,  WILLIAM  W.,  journalist,  ship 
builder,  was  born  in  1827,  in  Calais, 
Maine.  From  1854-59  he  helped  to  con 
duct  The  Nautical  Magazine  and  Naval 
Journal;  in  1875  he  took  part  in  a  coun 
cil  of  shipbuilders  to  improve  their  rules; 
in  1881  he  built  a  large  dry  dock  at  Port 
land,  Maine;  and  in  1889  was  elected  com 
missioner  of  navigation.  He  is  now  en 
gaged  on  an  elaborate  work  entitled  The 
Shipping  Question  Investigation. 

BATESON,  JOHN  C.,  physician,  lectur 
er,  was  born  July  25,  1854,  in  Iowa.  He 
graduated  from  the  University  of  New 
York,  and  has  attained  eminence  as  a 
great  physician  and  surgeon.  He  was 
the  founder  of  the  organization  known  as 
the  United  Christians;  and  has  lectured 
extensively  on  Christian  union  hygiene. 
He  has  been  health  officer  of  Scranton, 
Pa.,  where  he  has  filled  many  public  posi 
tions  of  trust. 

BATTELLE,  GORDON,  clergyman,  was 
born  Nov.  14,  1814,  in  Newport,  Ohio.  His 
influence  in  western  Virginia  was  very 
great,  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war  in  1861  he  was  appointed  an  official 
visitor  to  the  military  camps.  The  needs 
of  the  time  demanding  attention  to  the 
political  situation,  he  became  a  member 
of  the  convention  that  met  Nov.  24,  1861, 
and  framed  the  constitution  of  the  new 
state  of  West  Virginia.  To  him,  more 
largely  probably  than  to  any  other  man, 
was  due  the  abolition  of  slavery  in  that 
region.  He  died  Jan.  7,  1862. 

BATTELS,  S.  M.  E.,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Nov.  17,  1839,  in  Hudson,  Ohio. 
She  was  a  prominent  worker  member  of 
the  first  Ohio  Soldiers'  Aid  society;  and 
was  for  three  years  president  of  the  Wo 
man's  Relief  corps  of  Ohio.  She  has  done 
inspective  work  through  the  state,  solic 
iting,  purchasing  and  distributing  sani 
tary  and  hospital  supplies  to  the  Ohio 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  home. 

BATTEN,  JOHN  M.,  physician,  was 
born  April  19,  1837,  in  East  Brandywine, 
Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  medical  col 
lege  department  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1864,  and  prior  to 
graduating  was  a  medical  cadet  in  the 
army  hospital  at  Philadelphia.  In  1864 
he  was  appointed  acting  assistant  sur 
geon  in  the  United  States  navy,  and 
served  'at  different  times  on  the  United 
States  steamers  Princeton  and  Valley 
City. 

BATTERMAN,  HENRY,  merchant, 
banker,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1849,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  He  employs  500  clerks,  and 
conducts  the  most  important  trade  in  the 
eastern  district  of  Brooklyn.  He  is  pres 
ident  of  The  Broadway  bank  of  Brooklyn. 

BATTERSHALL,  JESSE  PARK,  chem 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  26,  1851,  in 
Troy,  N.  Y.  In  1879  he  entered  the  gov 
ernment  service,  and  since  that  time  he 
has  had  charge  of  the  analytical  depart 
ment  of  the  United  States  laboratory  at 
New  York.  He  has  contributed  papers 
to  chemical  journals,  and  is  the  transla 
tor  of  Naquet's  Legal  Chemistry,  and  the 
author  of  Adulteration  of  Food  and 
Drink. 

BATTERSON,  HERMON  GRISWOLD, 
D.  D.,  priest,  poet,  was  born  May  28,  1827, 
in  Litchfield  county,  Conn.  He  has  been 
rector  of  the  St.  Clement's  church,  and 
the  Church  of  the  Enunciation,  of  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  the  fol 
lowing  works:  The  Missionary  Tune 
Book;  The  Manual  of  Plain  Song;  Sketch 
of  the  American  Episcopate;  Christmas 
*  Carols;  The  Pathway  of  Faith;  Vestal 
Bells  and  Other  Verses;  Daily  Rule  for 
Busy  People;  Remember  Your  Dead;  and 
other  works. 


BATTERSON,  JAMES  GOODWIN,  in 
surance  president,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1823, 
in  Bloomfield,  Conn.  He  owns  and  oper 
ates  extensive  granite  quarries  at  West 
erly,  R.  I.,  and  Concord,  N.  H.  He  has 
been  the  moving  and  controlling  force 
in  the  management  of  the  Travelers  In 
surance  company  since  its  inception  in 
1863. 

BATTEY,  ROBERT,  physician,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1828,  in 
Augusta,  Ga.  He  has  been  successful  in 
the  execution  of  a  number  of  difficult  sur 
gical  operations  on  the  urinary  organs 
of  both  sexes.  Of  the  methods  used,  sev 
eral  were  original  with  himself.  From 
1873  to  1875  he  was  professor  of  obstet 
rics  in  the  Atlanta  Medical  college,  and 
from  1873  to  1876  he  edited  the  Atlanta 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Georgia  Medical  associa 
tion,  and  was  its  president  in  1876.  He 
has  written  numerous  papers  and  reports 
of  cases,  which  have  been  contributed  to 
the  medical  press  both  in  America  and 
England. 

BATTEY,  SUMTER  BEAUREGARD, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  near  Louis 
ville,  Ga.  In  1885  he  began  the  practice 
of  medicine  in  New  York  city;  made  a 
specialty  of  surgery;  and  has  done  unique 
work  in  that  field. 

BATTLE,  ARCHIBALD  J.,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
10,  1826,  in  PoweltRn,  Ga.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  Mercer  university  from  1871  to 
1879,  and  in  1879  was  pastor  for  an  in 
terim  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Ma- 
con.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  en 
titled  Human  Will. 

BATTLE,  BURRILL  B.,  jurist,  was 
born  July  24,  1838,  in  Hinds  county,  Miss. 
In  1885  lie  was  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy 
upon  the  supreme  bench  of  the  state,  and 
in  1886  was  re-elected  to  the  same  posi 
tion  for  the  full  term  of  eight  years.  He 
was  elected  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Arkansas  in  1894. 

BATTLE,  KEMP  PLUMMER,  lawyer, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  Dec. 
19,  1831,  in  Franklin  county,  N.  C.  He  is 
the  son  of  the  late  Judge  William  Horn 
Battle.  He  graduated  from  the  Univer 
sity  of  North  Carolina,  of  which  institu 
tion  he  has  been  president,  and  now  fills 
the  chair  of  history.  He  has  been  state 
treasurer  of  North  Carolina,  and  has 
filled  various  positions  of  trust  in  his 
county  and  state. 

BATTLE,     WILLIAM  HORN,     lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1892,  in 
Edgecombe  county,  N.  C.     He  graduated 
from  the    University 
of     North   Carolina; 
•Hy  and  was  reporter  of 

the     supreme    court 
decisions.      In     1839 
.-Jt  (A  he  was  a  delegate  to 

the  convention  that 
nominated  William 
Henry  Harrison  for 
the  presidency  of  the 
United  States.  Dur 
ing  1840-52  he  was 
judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  North  Caro 
lina,  and  during  1852-68  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court,  North  Carolina.  He  was 
the  author  of  several  valuable  works 
on  the  common  and  statute  laws  of  his 
state.  He  died  March  14,  1879,  in  Chapel 
Hill,  N.  C. 

BATTLES,  W.  S.,  physician,  was  born 
May  12,  1827;  attained  eminence  as  a 
physician  in  Shreve,  Ohio.  He  contrib 
uted  extensively  to  literature,  and  his 
poems  can  be  found  in  various  standard 
works. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


91 


BAUDER,  EZRA,  educator,  was  born 
April  7,  1824,  in  Indian  Castle,  N.  Y.  In 
1879  he  established  a  boarding  and  day 
school  known  as  Brentsville  seminary; 
and  has  been  engaged  in  the  profession  of 
teaching  in  Virginia  for  many  years. 

BAUDER,  LEVI  F.,  lawyer,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  28,  1840,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He 
is  a  learned  lawyer  and  has  served  as  a 
justice  of  the  peace  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
In  1880  he  published  a  volume  of  poems 
entitled  Passing  Fancies. 

BAUGH,  DANIEL,  manufacturer,  was 
born  Oct.  22,  1836,  in  Chester  county,  Pa. 
His  business  has  been  incorporated  as  The 
Baugh  and  Sons  Co.,  capital  $1,000,000, 
Daniel  Baugh  becoming  its  president.  He 
is  president  of  the  Girard  National  bank 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BAUGHER,  HENRY  L.,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1805  in  Abbottstown, 
Pa.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Maryland  Lutheran  synod;  was  chosen 
pastor  at  Boonesboro,  Md.,  in  1829,  and 
took  charge  of  a  classical  school  in 
Gettysburg  in  1830.  The  school  expanded 
into  a  college  in  1832,  and  Mr.  Baugher 
became  professor  of  the  Greek  language 
and  belles  lettres;  was  elected  to  the  pres 
idency  of  the  college  in  1850,  and  contin 
ued  in  that  office  until  his  death.  He  died 
April,  1886,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

BAUGHER,  HENRY  LOUIS,  educator, 
clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  6,  1840,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa.  For 
twenty-four  years  he  was  professor  of 
Greek  in  the  Pennsylvania  college;  and 
has  also  filled  the  same  chair  in  the  How 
ard  university  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
has  filled  pastorates  in  Morristown,  Pa.; 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and  Omaha,  Neb.  He 
is  now  the  editor  of  the  Augsburg  Sun 
day-School  Teacher,  and  The  Lutheran 
World;  and  is  the  author  of  Annotations 
on  the  Gospel  According  to  St.  Luke. 

BAUMBACH,  MORITZ  WILHELM 
HERMAN  VON,  diplomat,  banker,  was 
born  Jan.  13,  1834,  in  Prussia.  He  has 
been  the  imperial  and  royal  consul  of 
Austro-Hungary;  consul  of  Saxony;  and 
imperial  German  \ice-consul.  He  is  now 
the  president  of  the  German  Exchange 
bank  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

BAUMGARDT,  BERNHARD  RICHARD, 
astronomist,  was  born  May  19,  1862,  in 
Liverpool,  England.  He  was  educated  in 
Sweden,  and  after  graduating  spent  five 
years  in  traveling  around  the  world.  From 
a  love  of  mathematics  he  took  up  astron 
omy,  and  devotes  much  of  his  time  to 
that  science  in  his  private  observatory 
in  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  He  gives  public 
lectures  on  astronomy,  mathematics  and 
philosophy,  and  has  attained  a  national 
reputation.  In  1891-93  he  was  secretary 
of  the  Oregon  Academy  of  Sciences;  and 
since  1894  has  been  secretary  of  the  South 
ern  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  in 
which  institution  he  is  also  chairman  of 
the  astronomical  section.  He  is  also  a  suc 
cessful  business  man,  and  is  interested 
in  many  public  enterprises. 

BAUVAIS,  A.,  governor.  He  was  acting 
governor  of  Louisiana  in  1830. 

BAWDEN,  JOHN,  manufacturer,  bank 
er,  was  born  April  10,  1827,  in  Cornwall, 
England.  He  began  business  for  himself 
in  Freehold,  N.  J.,  but  in  1858  he  formed 
a  co-partnership  with  Gilbert  Combs.  He 
is  president  of  the  board  of  health  and 
•director  of  the  Central  National  bank  of 
Freehold. 

BAXLEY,  ISAAC  RIEMAN,  poet,  was 
born  in  1850  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  has 
traveled  a  great  deal,  but  since  1878  has 
made  his  home  in  California.  His  pub 
lished  books  are  The  Temple  of  Alanthur, 


with  Other  Poems;  The  Prophet  and  Oth 
er  Poems;  Songs  of  the  Spirit;  and  Be 
yond  the  Bank  of  Mist. 

BAXTER,  DELOS  W.,  was  born  July 
29,  1857,  in  Rochelle,  111.  Since  1881  he  has 
practiced  law  in  Rochelle,  111.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  state's  attorney  of  Ogle 
county  and  held  the  office  for  twelve 
years — until  his  election  as  Illinois  state 
senator  in  1896.  He  also  has  been  mayor 
of  Rochelle. 

BAXTER,  ELISHA,  governor,  was  born 
Sept.  1,  1827,  in  Rutherford  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  governor  of  Arkansas  during  a 
part  of  the  years  1874-75. 

BAXTER,  FELIX  JOSEPHUS,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1830,  in 
Sutton,  W.  Va.  He  has  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia 
state  senate. 

BAXTER,  GEORGE  A.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  July  22, 
1771,  in  Rockingham  county,  Va.  In  1829 
he  became  president  of  Washington  col 
lege;  in  1832  he  was  inaugurated  pro 
fessor  of  theology  in  the  Union  Theologi 
cal  seminary;  and  in  1835  was  chosen 
president  of  the  Hampden  Sidney  college. 
He  is  the  author  of  Abolition  of  Slavery; 
Parity;  and  the  Scriptural  Order  of  Chris 
tian  Ministry.  He  died  April  14,  1841. 

BAXTER,  HENRY,  soldier,  diplomatist, 
was  born  Sept.  8,  1821,  in  Sidney  Plaine, 
N.  Y.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  made 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  seventh  Michigan 
infantry,  and  in  1866  was  appointed  min 
ister  resident  to  Honduras. 
•  BAXTER,  HORACE  HENRY,  railroad 
builder,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1818,  in  Sax- 
tons'  River,  Vt.  He  built  the  Cleveland, 
Norwalk  and  Toledo  railroad.  At  the  out 
break  of  the  civil  war  he  attended  the 
peace  congress  as  a  delegate  from  Ver 
mont,  and  when  that  meeting  failed  of 
its  object  he  became  adjutant-general  of 
Vermont.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1884,  in  New 
York  city. 

BAXTER,  JAMES  PHINNEY,  artist,  au 
thor  and  philanthropist,  was  born  in  1831 
in  Maine.  He  is  well  known  as  the  Poet 
of  Maine;  and  is  the  author  of  more  than 
a  dozen  popular  works.  He  is  the  hon 
ored  president  of  the  Maine  Historical  so 
ciety.  He  built  and  presented  to  the  city 
of  Portland  its  magnificent  public  library 
building,  the  most  beautiful  structure  in 
the  city.  He  has  served  as  mayor  of  Port 
land,  and  has  been  foremost  in  the  de 
velopment  of  that  city  and  its  institu 
tions.  His  principal  works  are  George 
Cleves  of  Casco  Bay,  1630-67;  Sir  Ferdi- 
nando  Gorges  and  His  Province  of  Maine; 
and  Idyls  of  the  Year,  a  collection  of 
verse. 

BAXTER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  March  5,  1819,  in 
Rutherford  county,  N.  C.  In  1842  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  state  leg 
islature;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1844 
and  1848;  was  again  in  the  legislature  in 
1846,  and  from  1852  to  1857,  serving  as 
speaker  of  the  house  in  1852.  In  1857  he 
removed  to  Knoxville,  Tenn.;  in  1870 
was  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention;  and  in  1877  was  appointed 
United  States  circuit  judge  for  the  sixth 
judicial  circuit.  He  died  April  10,  1886, 
in  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 

BAXTER,  KATHARINE  SCHUYLER, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1845,  in  Oswego, 
N.  Y.  She  is  a  great-granddaughter  of 
Major-General  Philip  Schuyler,  of  the 
revolutionary  army;  a  member  of  the 
Daughters  of  the  Cincinnati,  Colonial 
Dames  of  America,  and  the  American 
Authors'  guild.  She  is  the  author  of  In 
Bamboo  Lands;  A  God-Child  of  Washing 
ton;  and  other  works. 


BAXTER,  LYDIA,  hymn-writer,  poet, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1809,  in  Petersburg, 
N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of  Gems  by  the 
Wayside,  a  collection  of  poems,  and  the 
hymn,  The  Gates  Ajar.  She  died  Jan.  23, 
1874,  in  New  York  city. 

BAXTER,  PORTUS,  merchant,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  Brown- 
ington,  Vt.  He  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  Vermont  to  the  thirty-seventh, 
thirty-eighth  and  thirty-ninth  congresses: 
v,as  also  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
Loyalists'  convention  of  1866.  He  died 
March  4,  1868,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BAXTER,  SYLVESTER,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1850  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  Boston,  prominent 
in  exploiting  the  Metropolitan  park  sys 
tem,  and  is  the  author  of  The  Cruise  of 
a  Land  Yacht,  a  Boy's  Book  of  Mexican 
Travel. 

BAXTER,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1823,  in  England.  He 
is  a  clergyman  of  Cincinnati,  whose  War 
Lyrics  as  originally  published  in  Har 
per's  Weekly  were  once  widely  popular. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Loyal  West  in 
the  Times  of  the  Rebellion;  Pea  Ridge 
and  Prairie-  Grove,  or  Scenes  and  Inci 
dents  of  the  War  in  Arkansas. 

BAXTER,  WILLIAM  M.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Aug.  30,  1850,  in  Alexander,  S.  C. 
He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Knoxville, 
Tenn.,  and  in  1882  became  general  soli 
citor  of  the  legal  department  of  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  and  Georgia  Railroad 
company. 

BAY,  WILLIAM  V.  N.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  Having  become  a 
citizen  of  Missouri  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1849  to  1851. 

BAYARD,  JAMES  ASHETON,     United 
States  senator,  was  born  July  28,  1767,  in 
Philadelphia,     Pa.       He     graduated      at 
Princeton  college  in 
1784;    after  studying 
law  at  Philadelphia, 
commenced  the  prac 
tice  in  Delaware.  In 

1796  he  was  elected 
a    representative    in 
congress  from  Dela 
ware,  '  serving     from 

1797  to  1801,     when 
he     was     appointed 
minister  to    France. 
In  1804  he  was  elect 
ed     to     the     United 

States  senate,  of  which  body  he  continued 
a  member  until  appointed,  in  1813,  a  com 
missioner  to  negotiate  a  peace  with  Great 
Britain.  He  died  Aug.  6,  1815,  in  Wil 
mington,  Del. 

BAYARD,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  15,  1799,  in  Wilmington,  Del.  He 
was  the  son  of  the 
United  States  sen 
ator  bearing  the 
same  name,  and  a 
brother  of  Richard 
H.  Bayard.  He  was 
a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Delaware 
during  1851-54;  and 
in  1863  he  was  elect 
ed  for  the  third 
term,  but  resigned 
in  January,  1864.  In 
1867  he  was  ap 
pointed  to  a  seat  in  the  senate  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  and  subsequently  received  the 
election  to  that  office.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  New  York  convention  of  1868. 
He  died  June  13,  1880,  in  Wilmington, 
Del. 


92 


UKRHINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BAYARD,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1785  to  1787. 

BAYARD,  RICHARD  H.,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1796 
in  Wilmington,  Del.  He  was  a  senator 
in  congress  from  Delaware  from  1836  to 
1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1845;  and 
was  appointed  charge  d'affaires  to  Bel 
gium  in  1850.  He  died  March  4  1868,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BAYARD,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1767,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  New  York  Historical  society,  organ 
ized  in  1804.  In  1806  he  purchased  an 
estate  at  Princeton,  N.  J.  For  several 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey 
legislature,  and  for  a  long  period  presid 
ing  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
of  Somerset  county.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  Princeton  Theological  semi 
nary,  and  joined  with  Ellas  Boudinot  in 
establishing  the  American  Bible  society 
and  the  New  Jersey  Bible  society.  He  was 
the  author  of  several  law  compilations. 
He  died  May  12,  1840,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

BAYARD,  SAMUEL,  president  of  the 
Evansville  National  bank,  was  born  in 
Vincennes,  Ind.  In  the  early  part  of  the 
year  1873  he  aided  in  organizing  the  Ger 
man  National  bank  of  Evansville,  of 
which  he  is  at  present  a  director  and  one 
of  the  largest  stockholders. 

BAYARD,  THOMAS  FRANCIS,  states 
man,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1828,  in  Wilming 
ton,  Del.  He  was  chiefly  educated  at 
the  Flushing  school.  His  early  training 
was  for  a  mercantile  life;  studied  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1851,  and  has  always 
practiced  in  his  native  city.  In  1853  he 
was  appointed  United  States  district  at 
torney  for  Delaware,  but  resigned  in 
18a4.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in 
congress  from  that  state  in  1869. 
On  the  same  day  of  his  election 
his  father,  James  A.  Bayard,  was  also  re- 
elected  to  the  senate  from  the  same  state 
—the  only  instance  of  the  kind  which 
ever  occurred.  He  was  re-elected  in  1875, 
and  again  in  1881.  In  1885  he  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  state  in  the  cabinet 
of  President  Cleveland,  and  resigned  his 
seat  in  the  senate.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1898, 
!n  Dedham,  Mass. 

BAYARD,  WILLIAM,  public  official, 
was  born  Jan.  1,  1729,  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  New  York  to  the 
colonial  congress,  held  in  New  York  city 
in  1765.  He  died  in  1804  in  Southampton, 
England. 

BAYARD,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  was 
born  about  1764  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
large  ship  owner;  traded  with  all  the 
world;  was  for  many  years  director  of 
the  Bank  of  America;  and  in  1810-27  was 
president  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce. 
He  died  Sept.  3,  1850,  in  New  York  city. 

BAYLES,  GEORGE,  physician,  was 
born  Aug.  7,  1836,  in  New  York  city.  He 
graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  and  from  the  medical  de 
partment  in  the  Columbia  university  In 
1859.  He  has  held  many  important  posi 
tions,  and  is  president  of  the  board  of 
education  of  Orange,  N.  J. 

BAYLES,  JAMES  C.,  soldier,  lecturer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  July  3,  1845, 
In  New  York  city.  In  1870  he  became 
editor  of  the  Iron  Age;  and  in  1874  estab 
lished  The  Metal  Worker.  He  has  deliv 
ered  lectures  on  sanitary  topics  in  New 
York,  and  In  all  of  the  prominent  cities 
of  the  Union,  and  is  the  author  of  the 
first  standard  American  work  on  the 
Mechanics  of  Hygiene,  House  Drainage 
and  Water  Service.  In  1883  he  was 


elected  president  of  the  New  Jersey  State 
Sanitary  association,  and  was  appointed 
a  commissioner  to  devise  a  system  of 
sewers  and  sanitary  improvements  for 
the  city  of  Trenton. 

BAYLEY.  JAMES  ROOSEVELT,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1814, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  clergyman 
who  entered  the  Roman  catholic  church 
from  the  episcopal  and  became  arch 
bishop  of  Baltimore.  He  was  the  author 
of  History  of  the  Catholic  Church  of  New 
York;  Memoirs  of  Brut6,  First  Bishop  of 
Vincennes;  and  Pastorals  for  the  People. 
He  died  Oct.  3.  1877.  in  Newark.  N.  J. 

BAYLEY,  RICHARD,  educator,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  in  1745  in  Fairfleld, 
Conn.  The  causes  of  yellow  fever  were 
very  carefully  studied  by  him.  and  in  1797 
he  published  a  work  in  which  he  con 
tended  that  its  origin  was  due  entirely  to 
local  causes,  and  therefore  that  it  was 
not  contagious.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1801, 
on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

BAYLEY,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Somerset  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1817  to  1823. 

BAYLEY,  THOMAS  M.,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1775  in  Virginia. 
He  entered  public  life  in  1798;  continued 
therein  until  1830;  and  served  in  both 
branches  of  the  state  legislature.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1813  to  1815.  He  died  in  1834 
in  Accomac  county. 

BAYLEY,  WILLIAM  G.,  civil  engineer, 
railroad  manager,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1865, 
in  Hollidaysburg,  Pa.  Since  1884  he  has 
been  in  the  railway  service;  during  1890- 
94  as  engineer  maintenance  of  way;  and 
since  1894  as  division  superintendent  of 
the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  and 
St.  Louis  railway. 

BAYLIES,  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1783,  in 
Taunton,  Mass.  He  was  register  of  pro 
bate  in  Bristol  county,  Mass.,  from  1812 
to  1820;  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1821  to  1827; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
from  1827  to  1832,  and  in  1835.  In  1832 
he  was  appointed  charge  d'affaires  to 
Buenos  Ayres.  He  was  the  author  of  A 
History  of  the  Plymouth  Colony.  He 
died  Oct.  28,  1852,  in  Taunton,  Mass. 

BAYLIES,  NICHOLAS,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  in  1772  in  Uxbridge,  Mass.  He 
was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1794: 
studied  law,  and  practiced  in  Woodstock 
and  Montpelier.  From  1831  to  1834  he 
was  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Ver 
mont.  He  published  a  Digested  Index  to 
the  Modern  Reports  of  the  Courts  of  Com 
mon  Law  in  England  and  the  United 
States,  in  three  volumes;  and  an  Essay  on 
Free  Agency.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1847,  In 
Lyndon,  Vt. 

BAYLIES,  WILLIAM,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1743,  in  Ux 
bridge,  Mass.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1760.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
provincial  congress  in  1775;  often  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  state  council; 
served  many  years  in  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1801.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1805  to 
1809.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1826,  in  Dighton, 
Mass. 

BAYLIES,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1776,  In 
Dighton,  Mass.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1813  to  1817,  and  again  from  1833  to  1835. 
He  served  in  the  state  legislature  in  1830 
and  1831.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1865,  in  Taun 
ton,  Mass. 


BAYLOR,  FRANCES  COURTENAY, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1848,  in  Fay- 
etteville,  Ark.  Her  writings  have  been 
principally  for  periodicals,  in  which  two- 
of  her  short  stories — The  Perfect  Treas 
ure  and  On  This  Side — attracted  wide  at 
tention,  and  were  published  in  book  form 
as  one  narrative,  On  Both  Sides.  Her 
other  works  are;  Juan  and  Juanita;  and 
Behind  the  Blue  Ridge. 

BAYLOR,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was  born 
Jan.  12,  1752,  in  Newmarket,  Va.  He 
served  continuously  throughout  the  revo 
lutionary  war.  He  participated  in  the 
surprise  of  the  Hessians  at  Trenton;  car 
ried  the  news  of  the  victory  to  congress, 
and  was  presented  by  that  body  with  a 
horse,  and  advanced  to  the  rank  of 
colonel  in  the  dragoons  in  1777.  He  died 
in  March,  1784,  in  Bridgetown,  W.  I. 

BAYLOR,  ROBERT  EMMETT  BLED- 
SOE,  clergyman,  lawyer,  jurist,  legislat 
or,  congressman,  was  born  May  10,  1793, 
in  Lincoln  county,  Ky.  He  served  in  the- 
war  of  1812.  He  was  elected  to  the  Ala 
bama  state  legislature  in  1824,  and  in 
1829  was  sent  as  a  representative  from 
Alabama  to  the  twenty-first  congress. 
Subsequent  to  his  career  in  congress  he 
emigrated  to  the  republic  of  Texas, 
where  he  was  immediately  elected  a  judge 
of  the  district  and  of  the  supreme  court, 
and  held  the  office  for  twenty-five  years. 
Baylor  university  was  named  as  an  honor 
warranted  by  the  gifts  of  land  and  money- 
made  by  Judge  Baylor.  One  of  the  coun 
ties  of  Texas  was  also  named  for  him. 
He  died  Jan.  6,  1874,  in  Gay  Hill,  Tex. 

BAYLY,  THOMAS  HENRY,  soldier, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  in  1810  in  Ac 
comac  county,  Va.  While  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  legislature  he  was  elected 
by  that  body  a  brigadier-general  of  the 
militia  of  eastern  Virginia;  and  subse 
quently  was  elected  judge  of  the  circuit 
superior  court  of  law.  In  1844  he  was. 
elected  to  the  national  house  of  repre 
sentatives  from  the  Accomac  district,  and 
continued,  by  successive  elections,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  for  twelve  years.  He 
died  June  22,  1856. 

BAYNE,  THOMAS  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  14,  1836,  in 
Allegheny,  Pa.  He  took  part  in  the  bat 
tles  of  Fredericksburg  and  Chancellors- 
ville.  He  was  district  attorney  for  Alle 
gheny  county  in  1870;  and  was  elected  to 
the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh, 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  and 
fifty-first  congresses.  He  died  in  Alle 
gheny,  Pa. 

BEACH,  ABEL,  lawyer,  poet,  was  born 
Feb.  7,  1829,  in  Groton,  N.  Y.  In  1849  he 
graduated  from  the  Union  college  of 
Schenectady,  N.  Y 
He  then  taught 
school  in  Ithaca 
and  Westfield  acad 
emies,  N.  Y.;  and 
was  a  professor  in 
the  State  university 
of  Iowa.  He  next 
entered  into  the 
practice  of  law;  and 
has  attained  promi 
nence  as  a  successful 
pension  attorney  of 
Iowa  City,  Iowa.  He 
has  served  as  deputy  auditor  of  Iowa, 
and  has  held  various  public  positions  of 
trust  in  his  town,  county  and  state.  He 
was  one  of  the  principal  founders  of  the 
Theta-Delta-Chi  fraternity,  and  is  a 
prominent  member  of  various  societies. 
For  many  years  past  he  has  given  fre 
quent  contributions  of  poetry  to  the  press, 
and  is  the  author  of  Western  Airs  from 
the  Prairies  of  Iowa;  and  several  poetic 
brochures. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    CF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


93 


BEACH,  ALFRED  E.,  inventor,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  1826  in  Springfield, 
Mass.  He  received  an  academic  educa 
tion,  and  in  1846,  with  Orson  D.  Munn, 
"founded  the  firm  of  Munn  and  Co.,  and 
they  became  proprietors  of  The  Scientific 
American.  For  almost  fifty  years  he  has 
been  active  in  the  editorship  of  this  news 
paper  and  in  the  extensive  patent  business 
•of  the  firm.  In  1847  he  invented  a  type 
writing  machine. 

BEACH,  CHARLES  FISK,  clergyman, 
Journalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1827, 
in  Hunter,  N.  Y.  During  1851-54  he  at 
tended  the  Auburn  Theological  seminary, 
and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  on  Jan. 
8,  1855.  He  at  once  entered  active  work 
«.s  pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church; 
•and  for  nearly  twenty-two  years  suc 
cessfully  followed  that  vocation.  During 
1874-95  he  was  editor  and  publisher  of 
The  National  Presbyterian-  and  Exposi 
tor;  and  also  of  the  International  Sun 
day  School  Lessons.  Since  1897  he  has 
.given  his  attention  to  law,  with  an  office 
in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  is  the  author  of 
Commentaries  on  the  Law  of  Trust  and 
Trustees;  and  other  works. 

BEACH,  CLIFTON  BAILEY,  lawyer, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  16,  1845,  in  Sharon,  Ohio.  He  re 
moved  to  Cleveland  in  1857,  where  he  has 
since  resided;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  and  Western  Reserve  college, 
•class  of  1871;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1872,  but  retired  from  active  practice  in 
1884,  having  become  extensively  engaged 
in  manufacturing  enterprises.  He  was 
•elected  to  the  fifty-fourth,  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 
BEACH,  DAVID  NELSON,  clergyman, 
•author,  was  born  in  1848  in  New  Jersey. 
He  is  a  prominent  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  since  1895 
•of  Minneapolis,  Minn.  He  is  the  author 
•of  The  Newer  Religious  Thinking;  How 
We  Rose;  Plain  Words  on  Our  Lord's 
Work;  and  The  Intent  of  Jesus. 

BEACH.  HENRY  HARRIS  AUBREY, 
physician,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1843,  in  Mid- 
dletown,  Conn.  He  was  educated  at  Cam 
bridge,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
Medical  school  in  July,  1868,  settling  in 
Boston  soon  afterward.  He  is  a  member 
of  many  medical  associations,  and  in  1873 
Avas  president  of  the  Boylston  Medical  so 
ciety.  He  became  assistant  demonstrator 
of  anatomy  in  Harvard  Medical  school  in 
1868,  and  surgeon  in  the  Massachusetts 
general  hospital  in  1872.  He  has  contrib 
uted  many  papers  to  medical  periodicals, 
and  was  at  one  time  assistant  editor  of 
the  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 
BEACH,  JOHN  N.,  merchant,  was  born 
Aug.  1,  1837,  in  Lodi,  N.  Y.  He  located 
in  New  York  city;  entered  the  dry-goods 
business;  and  has  been  a  member  of  the 
present  firm  of  Tefft.  Weller  and  Co. 
since  1879.  He  is  vice-president  of 
Mercantile  Accident  Insurance  company, 
and  president  of  the  Dry-Goods  Chronicle 
Publishing  association. 

BEACH,  LEWIS,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  March  30,  1835,  in   New  York 
city  N.  Y.     He  graduated  at  the  Yale  Law 
school  in  1856;   was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  commenced  practice  in  New  York  city 
the  same   year.     In   1861  he   removed 
Orange   county,   N.   Y.,    and    engaged   in 
farming  and  the  practice  of  law.     He  was 
also  a  contributor  to  the  press;   was  £ 
pervisor  of  the  town  of  Cornwall  in  li 
and    was   treasurer     of     the     democratic 
state  central  committee  from  1877  to  1879. 
He    was   elected    a   representative     from 
New   York   to   the    forty-seventh,   forty 
eighth,  and   forty-ninth    congresses.    He 
died  Aug.  11.  1886,  in  Cornwall,  N.  Y. 


BEACH,  MYRON  WALTER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1844,  in  La- 
grange,  Mich.  During  the  civil  war  he 
was  a  member  of  company  I,  first  regi 
ment  Michigan  sharpshooters.  In  1870 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  at 
tained  success  in  his  profession  at  Car 
roll,  Iowa.  He  has  been  county  super 
intendent  of  schools  and  mayor  of  his 
city;  and  has  filled  various  other  public 
positions  of  trust. 

BEACH,  WILLIAM  AUSTIN,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1842,  in  Baldwinsville, 
N.  Y.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  prom 
inent  lawyer;  and  in  1885  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  collector  of  internal  reve 
nue  for  the  twenty-first  district  of  New 
York. 

BEADLE,  JOHN  HANSON,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  March  14,  1840,  in  Parke 
county,  Ind.  He  was  educated  at  the 
university  of  Michigan,  ana  served  as  a 
Union  soldier  during  the  civil  war.  He 
traveled  extensively  in  America  and  Eu 
rope,  and  for  many  years  was  editorial 
writer  for  the  American  Press  associa 
tion.  He  was  the  aumor  of  Life  in  Utah; 
The  Undeveloped  West;  Western  Wilds; 
and  other  works.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1897. 
in  Rockville,  Ind. 

BEADLE,  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRI 
SON,  soldier,  legislator,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1838,  in  Parke 
county,  Ind.  He  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan  in  1861.  He  served 
during  the  civil  war  from  first  lieutenant 
to  brevet  brigadier-general  United  States 
volunteers.  He  was  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature  of  Dakota  territory;  and  served 
as  superintendent  of  public  instruction 
during  lfcia-85.  He  is  the  founder  of  the 
school  system  of  the  territory  and  state; 
and  his  most  distinguished  and  enduring 
service  was  in  securing  the  constitutional 
protection  to  the  school  lands  and  school 
funds  of  the  state.  He  is  the  author  of 
the  provisions  on  education  in  the  state 
constitution,  and  the  upbuilder  of  the 
State  Normal  school  of  Madison,  S.  D., 
of  which  he  has  been  president  since 
1889. 

BEAKMAN,  DANIEL  FREDERICK, 
soldier,  was  born  about  1760  in  New  Jer 
sey.  He  was  the  last  surviving  soldier  of 
the  revolution  on  the  pension  list. 
In  1778  he  was  enrolled  in  the  mili 
tia,  and  then  served  in  the  war.  His 
married  life  extended  over  eighty-five 
years,  and  his  wife  reached  the  age  of 
one  hundred  and  five.  In  1867  congress 
passed  a  special  act  giving  him  a  pen 
sion  of  $500  during  the  remainder  of  his 
life  He  died  April  5,  1869,  in  Sandusky, 
N.  Y. 

BEAL,  ABRAHAM,  philanthropist, 
was  born  about  1803  in  Chatham,  Eng 
land.  He  became  very  familiar  with  the 
criminal  laws  of  New  York  and  other 
states,  and  in  1863  assumed  the  general 
agency  of  the  New  York  Prison  associa 
tion.  He  was  for  many  years  an  efficient 
officer  of  the  New  York  Port  society.  He 
died  Feb.  25,  1872,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BEAL,  C.  W.,  journalist,  state  senator, 
was  born  April  25,  I860,  in  Audrain  coun 
ty,  Mo.  In  1890  he  assumed  editorial  con 
trol  of  the  Custer  County  Beacon,  with 
which  paper  he  is  still  connected.  He 
was  elected  to  the  house  of  representa 
tives  of  the  legislature  in  1893,  and  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  on  the  populist 
ticket  in  1896. 

BEAL,  FOSTER  ELLENBOROUGH 
LASCELLES,  naturalist,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  9,  1840,  in  Ayer,  Mass.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  Massachusetts  Institute 
of  Technology  in  1871.  During  1874-75 
he  was  assistant  professor  of  mathemat 


ics  in  the  United  States  naval  academy 
at  Annapolis,  Md.,  and  from  1876  nil 
1882  professor  of  civil  engineering  in  Iowa 
Agricultural  college,  where  from  1879  till 

1882  he  was  also  acting  professor  of  zool 
ogy   and   comparative     anatomy,   and    in 

1883  professor  of  geology.     His  writings, 
principally  on  topics  of  natural   history, 
include  the  articles,  Birds  of  Iowa;  Value 
of  the   Seed-Eating   Birds;     and    similar 
contributions  to  scientific  journals. 

BEAL,  GEORGE  LAFAYETTE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  May  21,  1825,  in  Norway, 
Maine.  He  left  Portland  in  1861  as 
colonel  of  the  tenth  Maine  regiment.  He 
was  appointed  by  the  president  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1864,  and  waj 
mustered  out  of  the  service  in  1866. 

BEAL,  WILLIAM  JAAlES,  educator, 
botanist,  author,  was  born  March  11,  1833, 
in  Adrian,  Mich.  He  has  taught  natural 
history,  science,  botany,  and  horticulture 
in  the  leading  agricultural  colleges  in 
America;  and  since  1870  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  botany  and  forestry  in  the  Ag 
ricultural  college  of  Michigan.  He  has 
filled  numerous  positions  of  honor;  is 
the  author  of  The  New  Botany;  Grasses 
of  North  America;  and  has  contributed 
extensively  to  current  literature. 

BEALE,  CHARLES  L.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  5,  1824,  in 
Canaan,  N.  Y.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress  from  New  York;  in  1864  was  a 
presidential  elector;  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  national  union  con 
vention  of  1866. 

BEALE,  CHARLES  WILLING,  was 
born  in  1845  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 
He  is  a  successful  writer,  and  the  author 
of  The  Ghost  of  Guir  House. 

BEALE,  EDWARD  FITZGERALD,  sol 
dier,  diplomatist,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1822, 
in  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1875  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  minister  to  Aus 
tria. 

BEALE,  JAMES  M.  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  from  1849  u>  1S53. 
BEALE,  MRS.  MARIA,  author,  was 
born  in  1849  in  Virginia.  She  is  a  novel 
ist  of  Arden,  N.  C.;  and  the  author  of 
Jack  O'Doon. 

BEALE.  RICHARD  LEE  TUBER- 
VILLE,  general,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  May  22,  1819,  in  Hickory  Hill, 
Va.  He  was  a  representative  from  Vir 
ginia  in  the  congress  of  the  United  States 
in  1847-49;  and  was  a  member  of  the  con 
vention  to  form  a  constitution  for  Vir 
ginia  in  1851.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  of  Virginia  in  1858-60.  He 
was  in  the  service  of  the  confederate 
states,  and  became  a  brigadier-general. 
He  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the 
forty-fifth  congress  caused  by  the  death 
of  B.  B.  Douglas.  He  had  previously  been 
elected  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

BEALL,  JOHN  YATES,  adventurer, 
was  born  about  1833  in  Virginia.  He  en 
tered  the  confederate  army  at  the  out 
break  of  the  civil  war,  and  was  commis 
sioned  acting  paymaster  in  the  navy.  He 
was  captured  by  the  federals;  tried  and 
found  guilty  of  being  a  spy;  and  was  exe 
cuted  Feb.  25,  1865. 

BEALL,  REZIN,1  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  10,  1770,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  an  officer  in  Wayne's  army,  with 
Harrison  and  Van  Rensselaer;  occupied 
various  public  stations  in  Ohio;  and  was 
a  member  of  congress  from  that  state 
from  1813  to  1814,  when  he  resigned.  He 
died  Feb.  20.  1843.  in  Wooster,  Ohio. 


94 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BEAMAN,  FERNANDO  C.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  June  28,  1814, 
in  Chester,  Vt.  He  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  Lenawee  county,  Mich.,  six 
years;  was  judge  of  probate  four  years; 
and  was  presidential  elector  in  1856.  He 
was  elected  to  the  thirty-seventh,  thirty- 
eighth,  thirty-ninth,  fortieth,  and  forty- 
first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

BEAN,  BENNING  M.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was-  horn  in  1782  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  occupied  a  seat  in  the 
state  legislature  for  five  years,  and  was 
president  of  the  senate  in  1832;  was  a 
state  councilor  in  1829;  and  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1833  to  1837.  He 
died  Feb.  9,  1866,  in  Moultonborough, 
N.  H. 

BEAN,  CURTIS  C.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1828,  in  Tamworth, 
N.  H.  He  was  appointed  attorney-gen 
eral  for  the  eleventh  judicial  circuit  of 
Tennessee;  and  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1866  and  1867.  In 
1868  he  moved  to  Arizona  territory  and 
settled  at  Prescott.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  upper  house  in  the  territorial  assem 
bly  in  1879,  and  in  1884  was  elected  dele 
gate  from  Arizona  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress. 

BEAN,  IRVING  M.,  soldier,  banker, 
was  born  April  27,  1838,  in  Essex  county, 
N.  Y.  He  attained  the  rank  of  provost 
marshal  in  the  civil  war.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Forest  City  bank; 
and  in  1867  president  of  the  Northwest 
ern  Iron  company. 

BEAN,  MARY  P.,  educator,  was  born 
about  1818.  She  opened  a  seminary  for 
young  ladies,  which  for  twenty-four  years 
was  one  of  the  most  prominent  in  New 
York  city.  She  died  in  New  York  city. 

BEAN,  SAMUEL,  physician,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  was  born  March  24,  1842, 
in  Canada  West.  For  many  years  he  was 
engaged  in  school  teaching;  has  been  a 
successful  public  lecturer  and  a  physi 
cian  and  clergyman  of  Bronson,  Fia., 
Where  he  has  also  been  justice  of  the 
peace  and  a  successful  merchant. 

BEAN,  WILLIAM,  the  first  white  set 
tler  west  of  the  Alleghanies.  He  was  a 
companion  of  Daniel  Boone  in  his  visit 
to  Kentucky  in  1760,  and  returned  in  1768 
and  settled  with  his  family  on  Boone's 
creek,  a  small  tributary  of  the  Watauga. 

BEARD,  ANDREW,  inventor,  was  born 
in  1849  in  Alabama.  He  went  into  mill- 
wrighting  in  Hardwicks;  built  his  first 
mill  there;  and  three  years  later  succeed 
ed  in  building  four  more.  In  1889  he  dis 
covered  the  rotary  engine. 

BEARD,  DANIEL  CARTER,  artist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  21,  1850,  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio.  In  1878  he  removed  to  New 
York  as  an  illustrator,  and  there  studied 
art.  He  is  the  author  of  American  Boy's 
Handy  Book;  Moonlight;  Six  Feet  of  Ro 
mance;  and  American  Boy's  Book  of 
Spirits. 

BEARD,  FRANK,  artist,  author,  the 
third  son  of  J.  H.  Beard,  was  an  artist  for 
Harper  and  Brothers  during  the  civil 
war.  He  devotes  himself  particularly  to 
character  sketches,  in  the  production  of 
which  he  has  attained  remarkable  facil 
ity.  He  lectures  on  various  topics,  ac 
companying  himself  with  crayon  sketches 
on  the  blackboard.  He  was  for  a  time 
professor  of  the  fine  arts  in  Syracuse 
university.  He  has  published  The  Black 
board  and  the  Sunday  School. 

BEARD,  GEORGE  MILLER,  physician, 
author,  was  born  May  8,  1839,  in  Mont- 
ville.  Conn.  He  was  a  New  York  physi 
cian,  and  the  author  of  American  Nervous 
Diseases;  Causes  and  Consequences;  The 


Scientific  Basis  of  Delusions;  Clinical 
Researches  in  Electro-Surgery;  Medical 
Uses  of  Electricity;  Physiology  of  Mind- 
Reading;  Stimulants  and  Narcotics;  Psy 
chology  of  the  Salem  Witchcraft  and  Its 
Practical  Application  in  Our  Own  Time; 
and  some  works  of  lesser  note.  He  died 
Jan.  23,  1883,  in  New  York. 

BEARD,  HENRY,  soldier,  artist,  the  son 
of  J.  H.  Beard,  was  born  in  1841  in  Ohio. 
He  was  a  captain  in  the  thirtieth  Mis 
souri  volunteers  at  twenty-one  years  of 
age.  He  painted  genre  subjects  in  oils 
and  water-colors,  and  made  the  uesigns 
for  many  of  Prang's  publications.  He 
died  Nov.  19,  1889,  in  New  York  city, 
N.  Y. 

BEARD,  JAMES  CARTER,  lawyer,  art 
ist.  He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and 
has  made  spirited  drawings  of  birds  and 
animals,  which  are  to  be  found  in  the 
best  illustrated  books  and  periodicals  of 
the  day. 

BEARD,  JAMES  HENRY,  painter,  was 
born  in  1814,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  His  fam 
ily  removed  when  he  was  a  child  to  Ohio, 
and  he  eventually  settled  in  Cincinnati, 
where  he  devoted  himself  for  many  years 
to  portrait  painting;  Henry  Clay,  John 
Quincy  Adams,  and  other  distinguished 
persons  being  among  his  sitters.  Of  late 
years  he  has  devoted  himself  chiefly  to 
animal  painting,  in  which  branch  of  art 
he  has  achieved  success.  Among  his 
best  known  works  are:  Peep  at  Growing 
Danger;  The  Widow;  Mutual  Friend; 
There's  Many  a  Slip;  Consultation;  Don't 
You  Know  Me;  Heirs  at  Law;  Which  Has 
Preemption;  The  Mississippi  Flood;  Barn 
Yard. 

BEARD,  JOHN  SHEPARD,  lawyer,  was 
born  June  14,  1859,  in  Tallahassee,  Fla. 
He  received  his  education  in  his  native 
city  and  the  university  of  the  south.  He 
has  attained  prominence  as  an  able  law 
yer  of  Pensacola,  Fla.,  where  he  has 
filled  several  public  positions  of  honor. 

BEARD,  RICHARD,  educator,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1799, 
in  Sumner  county,  Tenn.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  Cumberland  university,  Tennes 
see,  in  1832;  and  became  president  of  the 
university  in  1843.  On  the  founding  of 
the  Theological  school  of  the  university 
in  1853,  he  resigned  the  presidency  of  the 
university  and  took  the  chair  of  system 
atic  theology,  being  in  reality  for  the  next 
twenty-five  years  both  principal  and  pro 
fessor.  He  was  a  leader  in  the  Cumber 
land  Presbyterian  organization,  and  pub 
lished  Systematic  Theology;  also  Bio 
graphical  Sketches;  and  Why  I  Am  a 
Cumberland  Presbyterian.  He  died  Dec. 
2,  1880,  in  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

BEARD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  inventor, 
was  born  Oct.  12,  1839,  in  Richmond, 
Mass.  The  Beard  hydraulic  shield  was 
used  in  the  construction  of  the  great  rail 
way  tunnel  under  the  St.  Glair  river  at 
Port  Huron  and  Sarnia,  between  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  as  well  as  in 
excavating  the  underground  railway  tun 
nels  in  London  and  Glasgow,  the  Hudson 
river  tunnel,  and  other  similar  works. 
He  is  the  designer  of  many  other  inven 
tions. 

BEARD,  \VlLLIAM  HOLBROOK,  artist, 
was  born  April  13,  1825,  in  Painesville, 
Ohio.  He  studied  art  abroad,  and  he  is 
widely  known  for  his  pictures  of  alle 
gory  and  humor  portrayed  by  animal  and 
human  creatures.  He  has  written  a  text 
book  on  art  entitled  Action  in  Art.  Hu 
mor  in  Animals  is  another  book  published 
a  few  years  ago,  besides  various  magazine 
articles.  The  Spirit  of  the  Storm  is  con 
sidered  his  greatest  work. 


BEARDSLEY,  ALONZO,  lawyer,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  July  11,  1820,  in  Venice, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Os- 
wego  Starch  factory,  and  continued  in  this 
position  until  1858,  when  he  became  treas 
urer.  In  1866  he  entered  the  Cayuga 
Chief  Manufacturing  Co.,  and  carried  on 
the  manufacture  of  the  Cayuga  Chief 
mower  and  reaper. 

BEARDSLEY,  ARTHUR,  engineer,  was 
born  Nov.  1,  1843,  in  Esopus,  N.  Y.  Dur 
ing  1867-68  he  was  assistant  engineer  at 
the  Hoosac  tunnel,  Mass.,  and  from  1863 
till  1872  professor  of  civil  engineering 
and  industrial  mechanics  at  the  univer 
sity  of  Minnesota.  In  1872  he  became 
professor  of  civil  and  mechanical  engi 
neering  in  Swarthmore  college,  where  he 
organized  a  manual  training  department, 
of  which  he  is  director. 

BEARDSLEY,  CHARLES,  physician, 
journalist,  state  senator,  was  born  Feb. 
18,  1830,  in  Knox  county,  Ohio.  He  prac 
ticed  medicine  at  Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  until 
1861;  was  editor  of  the  Herald  of  that 
place  from  1858  to  1865;  and  of  the  Bur 
lington  Hawkeye  from  1865  to  1874.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1870, 
1872,  and  1873;  and  in  1879  was  appointed 
fourth  auditor  of  the  treasury  at  Wash 
ington. 

BEARDSLEY,  EBEN  EDWARDS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1808  in  Step 
ney,  Conn.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  New  Haven;  and  the  author  of 
History  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Con 
necticut;  Lives  of  Samuel  Johnson,  the 
First  President  of  King's  College,  'New 
York,  William  Samuel  Johnson,  presi 
dent  of  Columbia  College;  and  Samuel 
Seabury,  Bishop  of  Connecticut.  He  died 
in  1891. 

BEARDSLEY,  HOSEA  L.,  soldier,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  June  11,  1838,  in  Dela 
ware  county,  N.  Y.  He  served  with  dis 
tinction  during  the  civil  war;  first  in  the 
eighteenth  regiment,  Iowa  volunteer  In 
fantry,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieu 
tenant  of  the  second  regiment,  Arkansas 
infantry.  Since  1866  he  has  been  clergy 
man  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church; 
and  since  1885  has  been  pastor  of  the 
Simpson  Methodist  Episcopal  church  of 
Denver,  Colo. 

BEARDSLEY,  ISAAC  H.,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1831,  in  North 
Harpersfield,  N.  Y.  For  nearly  fifty 
years  he  has  been  a  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church;  and  has  filled 
pastorates  in  New  York,  Ohio,  and  for  the 
past  thirty  years  in  Colorado.  During 
the  civil  war  he  was  a  chaplain  in  the 
Union  army.  He  is  the  author  of  Echoes 
from  Peak  and  Plain;  and  a  Genealog 
ical  History  of  the  Beardsley  family. 

BEARDSLEY,  LEVI,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  13, 1785,  in  Hoo- 
sic,  N.  Y.  In  1825  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  assembly  that  passed  the  first  rail 
road  charter  in  the  United  States.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1829;  re- 
eiected  in  1834;  and  was  president  of  the 
senate  in  1838,  and  for  many  years  judge 
of  the  court  of  errors  of  New  York.  Be 
sides  his  legal  opinions,  he  published  an 
autobiographical  volume  entitled  Remi 
niscences.  He  died  March  19,  1857,  in  New 
York. 

BEARDSLEY,  MORRIS  BEACH,  law 
yer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  13, 
1849,  in  Trumbull,  Conn.  He  graduated 
from  Yale  university  and  Columbia  col 
lege  law  school,  and  has  been  judge  of 
the  Bridgeport  probate  court  for  sixteen 
years;  and  member  of  the  general  assem 
bly  of  Connecticut  since  1893. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BEARDSLEY,  NELSON,  manufacturer, 
bank  president,  was  born  May  30,  1807, 
in  Southbury,  Conn.  In  1848  he  became 
one  of  the  incorporators  of  tiie  Oswego 
Starch  factory,  and  in  1883  its  president, 
and  held  the  office  for  the  rest  of  his 
life.  He  gained  a  fortune  of  seven  mil 
lions.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1894,  in  Auburn, 
N.  Y. 

BEARDSLEY,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1790,  in 
Hoosic,  N.  Y.  He  held  the  post  of  at 
torney-general  of  the  state.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Oneicla 
county,  N.  Y.,  to  the  twenty-second, 
twenty-third,  and  a  part  of  the  twenty- 
fourth  and  twenty-eighth  congresses.  He 
also  held  the  office  of  state  senator  in 
1823,  and  was  assistant  justice  and  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state, 
and  the  federal  appointment  of  United 
States  district  attorney  for  New  York. 
He  died  May  6,  1860,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

BEARD&LEY,  SAMUEL  RAYMOND, 
lawyer,  soldier,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1814, 
in  Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
mayor  of  Oswego  in  1852;  appointed  post 
master  in  1853;  and  was  defeated  as  a 
candidate  for  the  assembly  in  1858.  He 
was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  twenty-fourth  New  York  volunteers  in 
1861;  was  wounded  at  Chancellorsville, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  colonelcy  m 
1863.  He  died  Dec.  28,  1863,  in  Stevens- 
burg,  Va. 

BEASELEY,  NATHANIEL,  pioneer, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1751.  He  was 
a  large  and  powerful  man;  a  noted  In 
dian  fighter,  and  performed  valuable  serv 
ices  in  the  St.  Clair  and  Wayne  cam 
paigns.  He  afterward  settled  in  Chilli- 
cothe,  Ohio;  was  a  member  of  the  general 
assembly  in  1819-20  from  Adams  county, 
and  senator  from  Brown  in  1820-22.  He 
was  also  canal  commissioner  and  major- 
general  of  militia.  He  died  March  27, 
1835,  in  Knox  county,  Ohio. 

HENLEY,  FREDERICK,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1777,  near  Edenton, 
N.  C.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman 
who  was  provost  of  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  the  author  of  An 
Examination  of  the  Oxford  Divinity; 
Search  of  Truth  in  the  Science  of  the 
Human  Mind;  and  Reply  to  Dr.  Chan- 
ning.  He  died  Nov.  2,  1845,  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.  J. 

BEATTIE,  ELISE,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  27,  1858,  in  Newbury,  Vt.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  Echoes,  which  was  published  in 
1873. 

BEATTIE,  HAMLIN,  manufacturer, 
banker,  was  born  May  6,  1835,  in  Green 
ville,  S.  C.  In  1859  he  established  the 
mercantile  house  of  H.  Beattie  and  Co.; 
and  in  1872  organized  and  became  the 
president  of  the  National  bank  of  Green 
ville.  S.  C. 

BEATTIE,  JAMES  HJ^JNRY,  civil  en 
gineer,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  17, 
1847,  in  Maidstone,  Vt.  He  is  a  success 
ful  farmer  and  land  surveyor  of  Bruns 
wick,  Vt.  In  1872-74  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Vermont  house  of  representatives; 
and  in  1896  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate. 

BEATTIE,  JOHN,  contractor,  was  born 
June  18,  1824,  in  Scotland.  In  1855  he 
purchased  the  Harrison  quarry  at  Fall 
River;  and  a  year  later  opened  another 
quarry  at  Niantic,  Conn.  Among  the 
most  notable  structures  he  has  built  are 
the  stone  towers  for  the  suspension 
bridge  across  the  Kentucky  river;  bridges 
on  the  Wabash  railroad  in  Indiana;  and 
the  great  bridge  across  the  Ohio,  between 
Cincinnati  and  Covington. 


BEATTY,  HARRY  L.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  April  4,  1865,  in  Ra 
venna,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Ravenna;  has  filled  numerous  public 
offices;  and  served  as  a  member  of  the 
seventy-second  and  seventy-third  gen 
eral  assemblies  of  Ohio. 

BEATTY,  JOHN,  physician,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  1783  to  I?s5;  and  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  Jer 
sey  from  1793  to  1795.  He  died  April  30, 
1826,  in.  Trenton. 

BEATTY,  JOHN,  banker,  general,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1828,  in  San- 
dusky  city,  Ohio.  He  entered  the  third 
Ohio  infantry  and  became  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  the  civil  war.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  fortieth 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

BEATTY,  MARTIN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1833  to  1835. 

JEATTY,  ROBERT  MUIR,  attorney- 
general,  was  born  March  4,  1850,  in  Mount 
Morris,  111.  In  1873  he  moved  to  Eureka 
county,  Nev.,  where  he  served  as  district 
attorney  during  1887-88,  and  continued 
to  reside  there  until  his  election  to  the 
office  of  attorney-general  in  1894. 

BEATTY,  SAMUEL,  farmer,  soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  16,  1820,  in  Mifflin  county, 
Pa.  He  served  nearly  two  years  in  the 
Mexican  war  as  first  lieutenant  in  the 
third  Ohio  volunteers.  He  was  made 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  1862, 
commanded  a  division  in  the  uattle  of 
Stone  River,  and  was  brevetted  major- 
general  in  1865.  He  died  May  26,  1885,  in 
Jackson,  Ohio. 

BEATTY,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1837  to  1841. 

BEATTY,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1838,  in  Lucas 
county,  Ohio.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  common  schools 
of  California  and  Kentucky;  and  attend 
ed  the  university  of  Virginia.  During 
1864-75  he  was  judge  of  the  district  court 
of  Nevada;  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Nevada  during  1875-81;  and  since  1889 
has  been  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  California. 

BEAUCHAMP,  JAMES  T.,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  13,  1864,  in  Morgantown,  Ky. 
He  graduated  from  the  Ogden  college  of 
Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  where  he  has  at 
tained  eminence  as  an  able  lawyer,  mak 
ing  a  specialty  of  equity  practice  in  fed 
eral  and  state  courts.  After  graduation 
he  taught  school  for  awhile,  and  for  two 
years  was  clerk  of  the  quarterly  court  of 
Warrenton,  Ky. 

BEAlv.HAMP,  JENNIE  B.,  reformer, 
author,  was  born  July  9,  1833,  in  Nelson 
county,  Ky.  She  is  the  author  of  Maple- 
hurst;  Digest  of  Parliamentary  Laws; 
and  A  Collection  of  Responsive  Bible 
Readings.  The  pen  of  this  writer  has 
been  especially  devoted  to  reform  work, 
and  in  1883  she  was  elected  state  presi 
dent  of  the  Texas  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  union. 

BEAUCHAMP,  LOU  J.,  journalist,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1851,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  has  been  telegraph, 
news  and  literary  editor  of  the  Cincin 
nati  Times-Star,  and  has  been  connected 
with  various  leading  dailies.  Since  1877 
he  has  been  principally  engaged  as  a 
temperance  lecturer,  and  has  been  called 
The  Western  Gough.  He  is  the  author 
of  two  books:  This,  That  and  The  Other; 
and  Sunshine. 


BEAUMONT,  ANDREW,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1833  to  1837;  and  was  ap 
pointed,  in  1846,  commissioner  of  public 
buildings  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 
He  died  Oct.  30,  1853,  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 

BEAUMONT,  BETTY  BENTLEY,  mer 
chant,  author,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1828,  in. 
England.  She  was  the  only  child  of 
Joseph  Bentley,  the  great  educational  re 
former,  and  author  of  thirty-three  books, 
to  improve  the  methods  of  education.  She 
became  a  successful  merchant  of  Wood- 
ville,  Miss.;  and  is  the  author  of  Twelve 
Years  of  My  Life;  and  A  Business  Wom 
an's  Journal. 

BEAUMONT,  JOHN  G.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Aug.  27,  1821,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  engaged  as  commander  of  a 
monitor  in  attacks  on  the  fortifications- 
in  Charleston  harbor  during  the  civil  war, 
and  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  capture 
of  Fort  Wagner.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1882. 

BEAUREGARD,  PIERRE  GUSTAVE 
TOUTANT,  general,  author,  was  born 
May  28,  1818,  in  St.  Bernard  parish,  La. 
As  a  commander  of 
the  confederate 
army  he  was  very 
popular.  He  is  in 
cluded  among  Lou- 
i  s  i  a  n  a's  d  i  s  t  i  n- 
guished  authors,  in 
virtue  of  his  Com 
mentary  on  the 
Campaign  and  Battle 
of  Manassas,  and  his 
Summary  of  the  Art 
of  War.  He  died 
Feb.  20,  1893,  in  New 
Orleans,  La. 

BEAUSAY,  RICHARD  FAUSTINUS, 
educator,  lawyer,  clergyman,  was  born 
Feb.  15,  1859,  near  Greenville,  Ohio.  He 
was  a  printer  and  newspaper  correspond 
ent  in  his  youth,  attended  school  at  the 
Ohio  Normal  university  of  Ada,  Ohio,  and 
followed  educational  work  for  fifteen 
years.  In  1895  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Columbus,  and  practiced  law  for  a 
brief  period  at  Upper  Sandusky,  Ohio. 
In  1896  he  became  a  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church,  entering  the 
Central  Ohio  conference  at  Bellefontaine, 
and  was  appointed  to  the  pastorate  of 
Dixon  circuit. 

BEAUVAIS,  ARMAND,  sixth  governor 
of  Louisiana,  was  a  Creole  of  that  state. 
He  became  governor  by  constitutional 
right,  being  president  of  the  state  and  ex- 
officio  lieutenant-governor  at  the  time  of 
Governor  Derbigny's  death.  He  was 
justice  of  the  peace  in  1810;  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  in  1814,  to  which 
position  he  was  afterward  twice  re-elect 
ed.  During  1822-30  he  was  a  continuous 
member  of  the  state  senate. 

BEAVER,  JAMES  ADDAMS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  21, 
1837,  in  Millerstown,  Pa.  In  1856  he  grad 
uated  from  the  Jefferson  college.  During 
the  civil  war  he  served  with  distinction 
and  was  mustered  out  on  account  of 
wounds  received  in  battle  Dec.  4,  1864,  as 
brevet  brigadier-general  United  States 
volunteers.  During  1870-87  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  national  guard  of  Pennsylvania, 
in  which  he  served  as  brigadier-general 
and  major-general.  In  1880  he  was  chair 
man  of  the  Pennsylvania  delegation  to 
the  republican  national  convention.  In 
1882  and  1886  he  was  the  candidate  for 
governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and  filled  that 
high  office  during  1887-91.  In  1895  he 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  Pennsylvania;  and  the  same  year  was 
elected  to  that  office  to  serve  ten  years 
from  January.  1896. 


HKKRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BEBB,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was  born 
in  1802  in  Butler  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
governor  of  Ohio  from  1846  to  1848.  He 
died  Oct.  24,  1873,  in  Rockford,  111. 

BECHTEL,  GEORGE,  manufacturer, 
philanthropist,  was  born  in  1840  in  Ger 
many.  After  graduating  from  the  Col- 

__^ umbia     college,     he 

^fjt^  n   became    identified 

m  with      his      father's 

brewery,  which  was 
-f  K  established  in  1853 
i  at  Stapleton,  Staten 
1  Island.  In  1870  he 
became  sole  propri 
etor;  and  was  one  of 
the  largest  taxpayers 
on  Staten  Island.  He 
filled  numerous  pub 
lic  offices  of  trust; 
was  four  times  elect 
ed  delegate  from  Richmond  county  to  the 
state  convention;  and  in  1888  was  a  presi 
dential  elector.  Shortly  before  his  death 
he  erected  Bechtel's  hospital  on  Staten 
Island,  which  his  widow  subsequently  do 
nated  to  the  Smith's  infirmary.  He  was 
extremely  charitable,  and  foremost  in  all 
benevolent  works  on  Staten  Island.  He 
died  July  16,  1889,  leaving  an  estate  worth 
two  million  dollars. 

BECK,  CHARLES,  educator,  legislator, 
was  born  Aug.  19,  1798,  in  Heidelberg, 
Germany.  In  1832  he  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  Latin  language  and  literature 
at  Cambridge,  and,  on  his  retirement  from 
that  professorship  in  1850,  he  devoted 
himself  to  literary  pursuits  and  classical 
studies.  In  1863  he  published  The  Manu 
scripts  of  the  Satyricon  of  Petronius  Ar 
biter,  described  and  collated.  He  was  for 
two  years  a  representative  of  Cambridge 
in  the  state  legislature.  He  died  March 
19,  1866,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

BECK,  ERASMUS  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1833,  in  Mc- 
Donough,  Ga.  He  was  educated  at  Mer 
cer  university,  in  that  state;  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  Georgia  in  1856;  and 
practiced  his  profession  there.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 

BECK,  GEORGE,  poet,  was  born  in  1749 
in  England.  He  wrote  short  poems,  made 
poetic  translations  from  Anacreon,  Ho 
mer,  Virgil,  and  Horace,  and  in  1812  pub 
lished  Observations  on  the  Comet.  In 
1795  he  served  as  a  scout  in  Wayne's  cam 
paign  against  the  Indians.  He  died  Dec. 
24,  1812,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 

BECK,  JAMES  B.,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1822,  in 
Scotland.  In  1867  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  fortieth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  three 
succeeding  congresses.  He  was  elected  a 
United  States  senator  from  Kentucky  for 
the  term  of  six  years,  from  1877;  and 
was  re-elected  for  a  second  term  of  six 
years.  He  died  May  3,  1890,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

BECK,  JOHN  BRODHEAD,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  18, 1794,  in  Schenee- 
tady,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  author  of  Medical 
Essays;  and  with  his  brother,  T.  Romeyn 
Beck,  produced  the  great  work  on  Medical 
Jurisprudence.  He  was  also  the  author 
of  Infant  Therapeutics;  and  Historical 
Sketch  of  the  State  of  Medicine  in  the  Col 
onies.  He  died  April  9,  1851,  in  Rhine- 
beck,  N.  Y. 

BECiv.  LEONORA,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  Georgia.  For  five  years  she 
was  the  president  of  the  Capitol  Female 
college  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  now  fills  the 
chair  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  the  Gardner 
institute  of  New  York  city.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  work  of  prose  and  verse. 


BECK,  LEWIS  C.,  chemist,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  4,  1798,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
In  1830  he  was  appointed  professor  of 
chemistry  and  natural  history  in  Rutger's 
college,  and,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
was  professor  of  chemistry  in  the  Albany 
Medical  college.  He  published  Account 
of  the  Salt  Springs  at  Salina;  On  Adulter 
ations;  Botany  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  the  United  States  North  of  Virginia; 
Mineralogy  of  New  York;  Illinois  and 
Missouri  Gazetteer;  and  Chemistry.  He 
died  April  20,  1853,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

BECK,  PAUL,  philanthropist,  was  born 
in  1760  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  acquired 
a  large  fortune  in  the  wine  trade,  and  for 
several  years  filled  the  office  of  port  war 
den  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Philadelphia  academy  of 
fine  arts,  a  benefactor  of  the  deaf  and 
dumb  institution  of  that  city;  president 
of  the  American  Sunday  School  union; 
and  a  contributor  to  various  other  chari 
table  and  religious  undertakings.  He  died 
Dec.  22,  1844,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BECK,  SAMUEL,  educator,  clergyman, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1832,  near  Richmond, 
Ind.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  academies  of  eastern 
Indiana;  and  received  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  divinity  from  the  DePauw  uni 
versity.  For  ten  years  he  was  engaged  in 
educational  work  in  the  common  and 
special  schools.  He  has  attained  success 
as  an  eminent  clergyman;  has  filled  pas 
torates  in  the  methodist  episcopal  church 
in  Covington,  Attica,  Crawfordsville, 
Greencastle,  Thorntown,  Terre  Haute,  and 
Brazil;  and  for  the  past  twelve  years 
has  been  presiding  elder  of  the  Valparaiso 
district. 

BECK,  THEODRIC  ROMEYN,  author, 
was  born  April  11,  1791,  in  Schenectady, 
N.  Y:  He  was  a  medical  writer  of  Al 
bany;  and  the  author  of  Elements  of 
Medical  Jurisprudence,  with  J.  B.  Beck, 
his  brother.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1855,  in 
Utica,  N.  Y. 

BECKER,  CYNTHIA  ANN,  poet.  She 
is  a  successful  writer  of  Lincoln,  Neb.; 
and  her  poems  constantly  appear  in  the 
western  press. 

BECKER,  GEORGE  FERDINAND,  ge 
ologist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  o,  1847,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  geologist  in  the 
United  States  service;  and  the  author  of 
Geology  of  the  Comstock  Lode;  Atomic 
Weight  Determinations;  Geometrical 
Value  of  Volcanic  Cones;  A  New  Law 
of  Thermo-Chemistry;  Geology  of  the 
Quicksilver  Deposits  of  the  Pacific  Slope; 
and  several  lesser  works. 

BECKER,  HARRY  WILLIAM,  was 
born  June  18,  1868,  in  Girardville,  Pa. 
He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  his  native  place 
and  at  Ashland,  Wil- 
liamsport,  and  in  a 
business  college  of 
Philadelphia.  H  e 
built  the  Palace  the 
ater  in  Girardville. 
of  which  he  is  owner 
and  manager.  He  has 
been  engaged  with 
and  interested  in  nu- 
merous  theatrical  en- 
terprises;  and  is  the 
owner  and  editor  of 
the  Footlight,  a  theatrical  paper,  and  The 
Weekly  Stem.  He  is  an  accomplished 
musician  and  leads  a  band  numbering 
over  one  hundred  men.  rie  is  a  member 
of  the  board  of  trade  of  his  city,  and  is 
interested  in  various  business  enterprises. 
BECKER,  PHILIP,  merchant,  public 
official,  was  born  in  April,  1830,  in  Ger 
many.  He  attained  success  as  a  mer 
chant  in  Buffalo.  N.  Y..  and  has  retired 


from  active  business.  He  served  three 
terms  as  mayor  of  the  city  of  Buffalo; 
and  since  ISoa  has  been  president  of  the 
Buffalo  German  Insurance  company.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national 
convention  of  1876. 

BECKER,  THOMAS  A.,  Roman  Cath 
olic  bishop,  was  born  in  1832  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  appointed  professor  of 
theology,  ecclesiastical  history,  and  sacred 
scriptures  in  St.  Mary's  college,  Emmetts- 
burg,  and  was  one  of  the  chief  secretaries 
of  the  plenary  council  assembled  at  Balti 
more.  He  was  then  stationed  at  the  ca 
thedral  of  Richmond,  where  he  remained 
until  created  bishop  of  the  new  diocese 
of  Wilmington,  Del.  He  has  contributed 
largely  to  reviews  and  periodicals,  and  his 
series  of  articles  in  the  American  Cath 
olic  Quarterly  on  the  idea  of  a  true  uni 
versity  attracted  wide  attention. 

BECKETT,  SYLVESTER  BREAK- 
MORE,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1812  in 
Maine.  He  was  a  publisher  of  Portland, 
Maine;  and  the  author  of  Hester,  the 
Bride  of  the  Islands,  a  Poem;  and  Guide 
Book  of  the  Atlantic  and  St.  Lawrence. 
He  died  in  1882. 

BECKHAM,  CARL  H.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  July  3,  1860,  in  Henry 
county,  Ohio.  He  studied  law  in  Toledo, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1886,  and  has 
been  ever  since  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  that  city.  He  was 
elected  to  the  seventy-first  Ohio  general 
assembly  as  a  republican,  and  re-elected 
to  the  seventy-second  general  assembly. 
In  1888  he  was  a  candidate  of  the  demo 
cratic  party  for  congress.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  board  of  city  school  ex 
aminers  for  about  eighteen  years. 

BECKLEY,  JOHN  NEWTON,  educator, 
lawyer,  railroad  president,  was  born  Dec. 
30,  1848,  in  Clarendon,  N.  Y.  From  1870- 
71  he  became  principal  of  the  public 
schools  of  Lanesboro,  Minn.;  and  at 
Rushford  from  1871-72.  In  1882  he  was 
elected  city  attorney  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.; 
and  in  1889  was  elected  president  of  a  rail 
road;  and  in  1892  became  president  of 
the  street  railroad  association  of  the  state 
of  New  York  at  Rochester. 

BECKNER,  WILLIAM  MORGAN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June 
19,  1841,  in  Nicholas  county,  Ky.  He  was 
elected  city  judge  without  opposition 
March,  1865;  county  attorney  without  op 
position  in  1867;  was  nominated  without 
opposition  and  elected  county  judge  in 
1870;  was  appointed  prison  commissioner 
in  1880,  and  wrote  report  of  commission 
with  reference  to  system  for  manag 
ing  state  prisons.  He  was  appoint 
ed  railroad  commissioner  in  1882  and 
served  until  February,  1884,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  nominated  and  elect 
ed  member  of  the  constitutional  con 
vention  without  opposition  in  1890;  and 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  without  op 
position  in  1893.  He  was  elected  to  con 
gress  as  a  democrat  in  1894,  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 

BECKWITH,  AMOS,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1830  in  Vermont.  He  was  graduated 
at  West  Point  in  1850,  and  served  in  the 
Seminole  war.  He  was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general  in  the  United  States  army 
in  1865,  and  promoted  lieutenant-colonel 
on  the  general  staff  in  1874. 

BECKWITH,  CHARLES  D.,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  23, 
1838,  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated 
at  private  schools  in  Troy,  N.  Y.;  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.;  Worcester,  Mass.;  and  at 
New  Haven,  Conn,  (military).  He  la  en 
gaged  in  iron  manufacturing;  served  as 
alderman  and  mayor,  each  four  years; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress 
as  a  republican. 


.HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


97 


BECKWITH,  EDWARD  GRIFFIN,  sol 
dier,  was  born  June  25,  1818,  in  Caze- 
novia,  N.  Y.  He  was  graduated  at  West 
Point  in  1842,  served  in  the  war  with 
Mexico  at  Tampico  and  Vera  Cruz.  In 
1865,  he  received  the  brevet  rank  of  brig 
adier-general,  United  States  army,  for 
faithful  and  meritorious  services  during 
the  war.  He  died  June  22,  1881,  in  Clif 
ton,  N.  Y. 

BECKWITH,  EMMA,  r«  former,  was 
born  Dec.  4,  1849,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
She  received  her  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Toledo, 
Ohio,  and  was  the 
fl  r  s  t  woman  go 
ing  into  business 
life  in  lower  New 
York,  at  66  Nassau 
street.  She  was 
nominated  for  mayor 
of  Brooklyn,  made  a 
genuine  canvass,  and 
obtained  a  large 
vote.  She  is  an 
earnest  advocate  of 
woman  suffrage,  and 
has  entered  the  regular  lecture  field,  in 
which  she  has  attained  eminent  success. 
She  has  also  been  foremost  in  all  chari 
table  works  and  philanthropic  move 
ments. 

BECKWITH,  JAMES  CARROLL,  paint 
er,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1852,  in  Hannibal, 
Mo.  He  is  a  son  of  N.  M.  Beckwith,  who 
was  United  States_c_ommissioner-general 
at  the  international  exhibition  of  Paris 
in  1867.  He  studied  art  for  two  years  in 
the  national  academy,  New  York,  and  for 
five  years  in  the  Paris  school  of  arts. 
His  works  include  Judith,  portraits  ex 
hibited  at  the  New  York  academy  of  de 
sign,  and  The  Falconer,  sent  to  the  Paris 
exposition  of  1878.  He  received  a  medal 
from  the  Universal  exposition  in  Paris  in 
1889. 

BECKWITH,  JOHN  WATRUS,  bishop, 
was  born  Feb.  9,  1831,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  became  rector 
of  Trinity  church,  New  Orleans,  and  while 
there  was  elected  protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Georgia.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1890, 
in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

BECKWITH,  PHILO  DANIEL,  was 
born  March  6,  1825,  in  Pike,  N.  Y.  In 
1871  he  invented  the  Round  Oak  stove 
for  heating  purposes,  which  has  since 
revolutionized  the  stove  trade  of  the 
United  States.  He  was  elected  mayor  of 
Dowagiac,  Mich.,  four  times. 

BECKWITH,  MRS.  SUE  E.,  poet,  was 
born  in  1843,  in  DeKalb  county,  111.  She 
is  a  writer  of  Audale,  Kan.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  the  poem  entitled  A  Legend  of 
Arkansas. 

BECKWITH,  WALTER  PARKER,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1851,  in  Lemp- 
ster,  N.  H.  In  1871  he  graduated  from  the 
Kimball  Union  academy  of  Meriden, 
N.  H.;  and  from  Tufts  college  in  1876. 
For  two  years  he  was  principal  of  the 
Chicopee  Falls  high  school;  and  during 
1878-96  was  superintendent  of  schools  at 
Adams,  Mass.  Since  1896  he  has  been 
connected  with  the  State  Normal  school 
of  Salem,  Mass. 

BECKWOURTH,  JAMES  P.,  pioneer, 
was  born  about  1800  in  Virginia.  He  was 
a  mulatto.  About  1850  he  discovered  the 
pass  through  the  Sierra  Nevada  moun 
tains  that  bears  his  name.  During  his 
adventurous  life  he  was  at  one  time  chief 
among  the  Crow  Indians,  and  he  figures 
in  many  books  of  western  travel.  He  died 
in  1867. 


BEDEL,   JOHN,   soldier,   lawyer,  legis 
lator,   was   born   July   8,   1822,    in   Indian 
Stream  territory,  N.  H.     His  father  was 
Gen.     Moody    Bedel. 
The   son   enlisted  as 
a  private  in  the  Mex 
ican     war     in     1847, 
and  became  a  captain 
in  1849.     He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1850,    and    practiced 
in     Bath.     He     was 
made     a     brigadier- 
general     of     United 
£•    States        volunteers, 
by  brevet,  dating  in 
1865,      for       gallant 
and     meritorious     services.     He     repre 
sented   the   town   of   Bath   in   the   legis 
lature,  and  was  several  times  the  unsuc 
cessful  democratic  candidate  for  governor 
He  died  Feb.  26,  1875,  in  Bath,  N.  H. 

BEDEL,  TIMOTHY,  soldier,  was  Dorn 
about  1740  in  Salem,  N.  H.  He  served  as 
a  lieutenant  in  the  French  war.  In  1775 
he  was  appointed  captain  of  rangers,  and 
in  1776,  colonel  of  the  first  New  Hamp 
shire  regiment,  joining  the  northern  army 
under  Schuyler.  He  died  February  1787 
in  Haverhill,  N.  H. 

BEDELL,  FREDERICK,  physicist  elec- 
irlcian,  was  born  April  12,  1S68,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  from  Yale  and 
later  received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  from 
Cornell,  where  he  was  appointed  assist 
ant  professor  of  physics  in  1893.  He  is 
the  editor  of  the  Physical  Review,  is  well 
known  by  his  scientific  writings,  and  as 
the  author  of  Alternating  Currents;  A 
Laboratory  Manual  of  Physics-  and  The 
Principles  of  the  Transformer. 

BEDELL,  GREGORY  THURSTON, 
bishop,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1817  in 
Hudson,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  third  protest- 
ant  episcopal  bishop  of  Ohio,  and  a  valued 
writer  of  the  evangelical  school.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Divinity  of  Chrisf 
The  Profit  of  Godliness;  Pastoral  The 
ology;  Principles  of  Pastorship;  The 
Age  of  Indifference;  Episcopacy;  Fact 
and  Law;  and  a  few  minor  works  He 
died  in  1892. 

BEDELL,  GREGORY  TOWNSEND, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1193, 
on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  of  Philadelphia,  and  once 
famous  as  a  preacher.  He  is  the  author  of 
Renunciation;  Ezekiel's  Vision;  and  Ser 
mons  were  his  chief  works.  He  died  Aug 
30,  1834,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

BEDELL,  LOUIS,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1864,  in  Coxsackie, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  New 
York  city;  and  in  1896-97  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  New  York 
state  legislature. 

BEDFORD,  GUNNING,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  about  1730 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lieutenant 
in  the  French  war  in  1755;  major  in  1775; 
lieutenant-colonel  in  Hasler's  regiment  in 
1776;  was  wounded  at  White  Plains;  and 
subsequently  appointed  muster-master- 
general  in  1776.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1783  to  1785; 
and  governor  of  Delaware  in  1796  and 
1797.  He  died  Sept.  30,  1797,  in  New 
Castle,  Del. 

BEDFORD,  GUNNING,  JR.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  in  1747,  In 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  graduated  at  New 
Jersey  college  in  1771;  practiced  law  at 
Dover,  and  at  Wilmington,  Del.;  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature;  attorney-gen 
eral  of  the  state;  and  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1785  and  1786. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 


formed  the  federal  constitution;  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1789  and  1793;  and 
was  United  States  district  judge  from 
1789.  He  died  March  30,  1812,  in  Wil 
mington.  Del. 

BEDFORD,  GUNNING  S.,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1806,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  was  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children;  Mid 
wifery;  and  has  translated  from  the 
•  French  several  medical  works.  He  died 
Sept.  5,  1870,  in  New  York  city. 

BEDFORD,  MRS.  LOU  S.,  poet.  Her 
first  work,  A  Vision  and  Other  Poems, 
was  published  in  1881,  and  by  permission 
was  reproduced  in  London.  This  volume 
elicited  many  fine  encomiums  from  such 
men  as  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  Long- 
.  fellow,  and  Paul  Hayne.  In  1888  ap 
peared  Gathered  Leaves,  a  very  fine  col 
lection  of  her  later  poems. 

BEDINGER,  GEORGE  M.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  about  175u  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  emi 
grants  to  Kentucky.  He  served  as  ad- 
,  jutant  in  the  expedition  against  Chilli- 
cothe  in  1779;  as  major  at  me  battle  of 
Blue  Licks  in  1782;  and  did  good  service 
throughout  the  war  as  an  Indian  spy.  He 
was  major  of  the  United  States  infantry 
in  1792-93;  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
legislature  in  1792;  and  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1803  to 
1807.  He  died  in  1830  in  Lower  Blue 
Licks.  Ky. 

BEDINGER,  HENRY,  lawyer,  diplom 
atist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1810  near 
Shepherdstown,  Va.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from  1845 
to  1849,  where  he  was  distinguished  for 
his  eloquence  as  a  debater.  In  1853  he 
was  appointed  charge  d'affaires  to  Den 
mark,  afterward  minister  resident.  Dur 
ing  his  residence  in  Denmark  he  was  suc 
cessful  in  bringing  about  the  treaty  abol 
ishing  the  sound  dues.  He  died  Nov.  26, 
1858,  in  Shepherdstown,  Va. 

BEDLE,  JOSEPH  DORSET,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1831,  in 
Mattawan,  N.  J.  In  1865  he  was  appointed 
a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Jer 
sey,  and  was  reappointed  in  1872.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  governor  of  New  Jer 
sey,  and  served  three  years. 

BEDLE,  JOSEPH  DORSETT,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1821,  in 
Middletown,  N.  J.  In  1865  he  was  elect 
ed  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New 
Jersey;  and  in  1875-78  was  elected  the 
twenty-sixth  governor  of  New  Jersey. 

BEDLOW,  HENRY,  capitalist,  was  born 
Dec.  21,  1821,  in  New  York  city.  In  1868 
the  island  to  which  he  gave  his  name, 
came  to  him  by  purchase,  and  there  he 
made  his  home.  He  also  served  in  1848 
as  assistant  physician  of  the  American 
expedition  to  the  Dead  sea.  While  thor 
oughly  a  New  Yorker,  Mr.  Bedlow  long 
ago  made  Newport,  R.  I.,  his  home,  and 
held  the  office  of  mayor  of  that  city  in 
1875,  1876  and  1877. 

BEE,  BERNARD  E.,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1823  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  served 
as  captain  on  frontier  duty  in  Minnesota, 
on  the  Utah  expedition,  and  in  Dakota 
until  March  3,  1861,  when  he  resigned  and 
entered  the  confederate  service.  He  held 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  and  com 
manded  a  brigade  of  South  Carolina 
troops  at  Bull  Run.  He  died  July  21,  1861. 
BEE,  HAMILTON  P.,  soldier.  He  was  a 
general  in  the  confederate  service  during 
the  civil  war.  He  is  a  bromer  of  Bernard 
C.  Bee,  who  at  Bull  Run  said:  There  is 
Jackson  standing  like  a  stone  wall,  thus 
giving  to  that  officer  a  name  that  would 
live  for  all  time,  while  he  was  to  die  that 
day  himself. 


98 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BEE,  THOMAS,  jurist,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1729  in  South  Carolina. 
He  was  a  revolutionary  patriot  of  South 
Carolina;  member  of  the  assembly; 
speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives; 
member  of  the  privy  council;  judge  of  the 
state  courts;  member  of  the  council  of 
safety;  and  lieutenant-governor.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1780  to  1782,  and  finally  district 
judge;  and  published  Reports  of  the  Dis 
trict  Courts  of  South  Carolina  in  1810. 

BEEBE,  BEZALEEL,  soldier,  legislator, 
was  born  April  28,  1741,  in  Litchfield, 
Conn.  As  one  of  Rogers'  celebrated  rang 
ers,  he  was  engaged  in  the  bloody  fight 
where  Putnam  was  captured,  and  he  was 
also  at  the  capture  of  Montreal  in  1760. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  all 
the  Connecticut  troops  raised  for  sea- 
coast  defence,  with  the  duties  and  pay  of 
a  brigadier-general.  After  th3  war  he 
was  frequently  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture.  He  died  May  29,  1824,  in  Litchfield, 
Conn. 

BEEBE,  GEORGE  M.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1836, 
in  New  Vernon,  N.  Y.  In  1859  he  went  to 
Kansas;  was  'elected  to  the  territorial 
council,  appointed  secretary  of  the  terri 
tory,  and  was  acting  governor.  In  1872- 
73  he  was  president  of  the  democratic 
state  convention  at  Syracuse  and  Utica, 
N.  Y.;  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
New  York  in  1873-74;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-fourth  and  forty-uith  congresses. 

BEEBE,  JOHN  W.,  educator,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1853,  in  George 
town,  Del.  He  is  a  successful  educator 
and  journalist  of  Kingman,  Kan.;  and  the 
author  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 

BEEBE,  MILTON  EARL,  architect, 
was  born  Nov.  27,  1840,  in  Cassadaga, 
N.  Y.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  architects 
in  the  city  of  Buffalo,  and  has  built  and 
designed  many  of  the  most  important 
buildings  of  that  city.  In  1879  he  was 
elected  alderman,  and  in  1881  mayor  of 
Buffalo. 

BEEBE,  WARREN  LORING,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  was  born  March  16,  1848, 
in  Belpre,  Ohio.  He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  physicians  and  surgeons  of  Minne 
sota  at  St.  Cloud;  has  been  president 
of  the  Minnesota  State  Medical  society; 
and  surgeon  to  the  Northern  Pacific  and 
Great  Northern  railroad  companies. 

BEECH,  MRS.  MARY  TURNER,  poet, 
was  born  in  Homer,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  poet 
of  Beechville,  111.;  and  has  contributed 
extensively  to  current  literature. 

BEECHER,  CATHERINE  ESTHER, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1800, 
in  East  Hampton,  N.  Y.,  and  is  a  daughter 
of  L.  Beecher,  a  New  England  educator 
of  much  celebrity  at  one  time,  who  wrote 
with  the  ardor  of  sincerest  conviction. 
She  was  the  author  of  Domestic  Econ 
omy;  Physiology  and  Calisthenics;  Let 
ters  to  the  People;  Religious  Training  of 
Children;  and  Domestic  Service,  True 
Remedy  for  the  Wrongs  of  Woman.  She 
died  May  12,  1878,  in  Elmira,  N.  Y. 

BEECHER,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1815,  in  Litchfleld, 
Conn.,  and  is  a  son  of  L.  Beecher.  He 
is  a  congregational  clergyman;  and  the 
author  of  Patmos;  Pen  Pictures  of  the 
Bible;  The  Eden  Tableau;  and  Redeem 
er  and  Redeemed.  He  edited  his  father's 
Life  and  Correspondence. 

BEECHER,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1803,  in'  East 
Hampton,  N.  Y.,  and  was  a  son  of  L. 
Beecher.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Illinois,  and  later  of  Brooklyn, 
whose  attainments  must  be  considered 


as  the  most  solid  of  those  of  any  of  the 
famous  children  of  Lyman  Beecher.  In 
his  Conflict  of  Ages  (1853)  was  struck 
the  earliest  note  of  the  liberal  theology 
now  dominant  in  the  congregational 
churches.  The  more  important  of  his 
other  works  include  Papal  Conspiracy  Ex 
posed;  Baptism;  and  History  of  Opinions 
on  the  Scriptural  Doctrine  of  Future 
Retribution.  He  died  in  1895. 

BEECHER,  MRS.  EUNICE  WHITE, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1812,  in  West 
Button,  Mass.,  and  was  the  wife  of  H. 
W.  Beecher.  She  was  the  author  of  From 
Dawn  to  Daylight:  a  Simple  Story; 
Motherly  Talks  with  Young  Housekeep 
ers;  All  Around  the  House,  or  How  to 
Make  Homes  Happy;  Letters  from  Flor 
ida;  and  Mr.  Beecher  as  I  Knew  Him. 
She  died  in  1897. 

BEECHER,  FARY  BUCHANAN,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  was  born  June  2,  1856,  in 
Steuben  county,  N.  Y.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  common  schools  and  at 
Rogersville  Union  seminary.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  was  engaged  in  educational 
work,  and  became  principal  of  the  At 
lanta  Union  Free  school.  For  five  years 
he  was  a  justice  of  the  peace;  and  is  now 
a  successful  lawyer  of  Atlanta,  N.  Y.  He 
is  a  prominent  member  of  various  orders. 
He  has  also  contributed  both  prose  and 
verse,  as  well  as  law  articles,  to  current 
literature. 

BEECHER,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  was 
born  May  6,  1809,  in  East  Hampton,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  clergyman  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio, 
and  a  devoted  pastor,  and  an  inspiring 
preacher.  He  died  July  1,  1843. 

BEECHER,  HENRY  WARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  24,  1813,  in 
Litchfield,  Conn.,  and  was  a  son  of  Ly 
man  Beecher.  He 
was  a  congregation 
al  clergyman  widely 
famous  as  the  pastor 
of  Plymouth  church 
of  Brooklyn  in  1847- 
87.  He  was  an  earn- 
e  s  t,  large-hearted 
man,  though  not  a 
deep  thinker,  and  his 
cheerful  influence 
upon  middle-class 
American  thought 
was  very  extensive. 
His  literary  work  can  hardly  be  said  to 
possess  enduring  excellence,  and  much  of 
it  is  already  forgotten,  graphic  and  pic 
turesque  as  it  often  is.  He  was  the  author 
of  Eyes  and  Ears;  Life  Thoughts;  Star 
Papers;  Yale  Lectures  on  Preaching;  Lec 
tures  to  Young  Men;  Speeches  on  the 
American  Rebellion;  Doctrinal  Beliefs 
and  Unbeliefs;  and  Life  of  Jesus  the 
Christ.  His  only  novel,  Norwood,  is  a 
collection  of  successful  character  studies 
rather  than  a  finished  story.  He  died 
March  8,  1887. 

BEECHER,  JAMES  CHAPLIN,  soldier, 
clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1828,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  in  1848,  studied  theology  at  An- 
dover,  and  on  May  10,  1856,  was  ordained 
a  congregational  clergyman.  He  was 
mustered  out  of  service  in  1866  as  brevet 
brigadier-general.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1886, 
in  Elmira,  N.  Y. 

BEKCHER,  LYMAN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1775,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  wide  fame.  While  in  Bos 
ton  h«  was  a  zealous  opponent  of  uni- 
tarlanism,  and  as  president  of  Lane  Theo 
logical  seminary  at  Cincinnati  was  noted 
as  an  outspoken  enemy  of  slavery.  He 
was  a  bold  thinker,  much  in  advance  of 


his  contemporaries.  He  was  the  author 
of  Sermons  on  Temperance;  Views  in 
Theology;  Scepticism;  and  Political 
Atheism.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1863,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

BEECHER,  PHILEMON,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1817  to  1821,  and  again  from 
1823  to  1829.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1839,  In 
Lancaster,  Ohio. 

BEECHER,  THOMAS  KINNICUT, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  10, 
1824,  in  Litchfield,  Conn.,  and  is  a  son 
of  Lyman  Beecher.  He  is  a  congregation 
al  clergyman  of  Elmira,  N.  Y. ;  and  the 
author  of  Our  Seven  Churches. 

BEECHER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1802,  in  East 
Hampton,  L.  I.  For  many  years  he  was  a 
home  missionary  on  the  Western  Reserve, 
and  since  has  held  charges  in  Putnam, 
Toledo,  and  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  and  In 
Reading  and  North  Brookfleld,  Mass. 

BEECHER,  WILLIS  JUDSON,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  in  1838  in  Ohio.  He 
is  a  professor  of  Hebrew  in  the  Auburn 
Theological  seminary;  and  the  author  of 
Farmer  Tompkins  and  His  Bible;  Drill 
Lessons  in  Hebrew;  and  Testimony  of 
the  Historical  Books. 

BEEDE,  JOHN  E.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  2,  1834,  in  Sandwich,  N.  H.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  from  the  common 
schools  and  the  Friends  school  of  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  was  a  millwright  before 
he  entered  the  practice  of  law.  He  has 
been  justice  of  the  peace  in  Arizona  and 
Idaho,  master  of  the  grange,  and  delegate 
chairman  and  president  of  numerous 
movements  and  conventions  in  Idaho. 

BEEKMAN,  HENRY  RUTGERS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1845,  in  New 
York  city.  Previous  to  his  election  as 
judge  of  the  superior  court,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  law  firm  of  Ogden  and 
Beekman.  In  1886  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  aldermen,  for  which 
office  he  was  nominated  by  the  united 
democracy.  In  1888  he  was  appointed 
counsel  to  the  corporation  of  the  city  of 
New  York. 

BEEKMAN,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  state 
senator,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1815,  in  New 
York  city,  N.  Y.  He  was  chosen  state 
senator  of  New  York  in  1850,  and  served 
two  terms.  In  1861  he.  with  Erastus 
Corning  and  Thurlow  Weed,  was  appoint 
ed  by  a  meeting  of  conservative  men  in 
New  York  to  go  to  Washington  and  urge 
President  Buchanan  to  relieve  Fort  Sum- 
ter.  He  died  June  15,  1877,  in  New  York 
city,  N.  Y. 

BEEKMAN,  THOMAS,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1829  to  1831. 

BEEMAN,  JOSEPH  H.,  business  man, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  17, 
1835,  in  Gates  county,  N.  C.  He  received 
an  academic  education;  and  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  from  Scott  county,  Miss., 
in  1883,  1885,  1887,  and  1889.  He  has  been 
connected  with  the  Farmers'  Alliance 
since  its  organization  in  the  state,  having 
served  during  this  time  as  chairman  of 
the  state  executive  committee.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

BEERS,  CYRUS,  congressman.  In  1838 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  twenty-fifth  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 

BEERS,  MRS.  ETHEL1NDA,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1827,  in  Goshen, 
N.  J.  She  was  the  author  of  General 
Frankie,  a  juvenile  tale;  and  All  Quiet 
Along  the  Potomac,  and  other  poems.  She 
died  Oct.  10,  1879,  in  Orange,  N.  J. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


99 


BEERS,  HENRY  AUGUSTIN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  July  2,  1847,  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  professor  of  English  liter 
ature  at  Yale  university;  and  the  author 
of  The  Ways  of  Yale;  A  Suburban  Pas 
toral  and  Other  Stories;  From  Chaucer 
to  Tennyson;  Life  of  N.  P.  Willis;  Outline 
Sketch  of  English  Literature;  Initial 
Studies  in  American  Letters.  Verse: 
Odds  and  Ends;  and  The  Thankless  Muse. 

BEERS,  ROBERT  WELSTED,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1860,  in 
Easton,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  Lafayette 
college  in  1880,  and  entered  Princeton 
seminary  in  1882.  He  is  a  successful 
clergyman  and  the  author  of  Mormon 
Puzzle. 

BEERS,  WAYLAND  L.,  clergyman,  was 
born  Dec.  15,  1867,  in  Montana,  N.  J. 
He  graduated  from  the  Peddle  institute  in 
1890;  from  the  Brown  university  in  1895; 
and  subsequently  from  the  Union  sem 
inary  and  Columbia  university.  He  has 
attained  success  as  a  Unitarian  clergyman, 
and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Union 
Springs,  N.  Y. 

BEESON,  HENRY  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  from  1841  to  1843. 

BEESON,  JASPER  LUTHER,  educator, 
chemist,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1867,  in  Keen 
er,  Ala.  He  graduated  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Alabama,  with  the  degree  of  M.  A.; 
was  assistant  professor  of  physics  in  his 
alma  mater,  and  later  chemist  to  the 
Alabama  Geological  Survey.  In  1893  he 
graduated  from  the  Johns  Hopkins  uni 
versity  in  chemistry  with  the  degree  of 
Ph.  D.,  whereupon  he  was  elected  profes 
sor  of  agricultural  chemistry  in  the  Au- 
dubon  Sugar  school  of  New  Orleans.  He 
is  the  inventor  of  standard  chemical  ap 
paratus  for  agricultural  analysis,  which 
are  in  use  both  in  America  and  Europe. 
He  is  a  prominent  member  of  various 
scientific  bodies  and  has  published  sev 
eral  pieces  of  original  investigation  work 
upon  sugar  and  the  sugar  cane. 

BEESON,  JOHN  WESLEY,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  March  31, 
1866,  in  Keener,  Ala.  This  eminent  edu 
cator  received  his  education  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Alabama.  He  became  president 
of  the  Arcadia  college  of  Louisiana,  and 
subsequently  was  made  president  of  the 
Marengo  Female  college  of  Demopolis, 
Ala. 

BEGOLE,  JOSIAH  W.,  educator,  busi 
ness  man,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  Jan.  20,  1815,  in  Groveland,  N.  Y. 
He  received  a  public  school  education; 
removed  to  Genesee  county,  Mich.,  in 
1836;  taught  school  during  the  winters; 
became  a  farmer  in  1839,  and  followed 
that  occupation  until  1856.  He  was  elect 
ed  county  treasurer  from  1856  to  1864; 
and  commenced  the  lumbering  business  in 
1863.  He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate 
in  1871;  was  an  alderman  for  the  city 
of  Flint  for  three  years;  a  delegate  to  the 
national  republican  convention  at  Phila 
delphia  in  1872;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Michigan  to  the  forty-third 
congress.  In  1882  he  was  elected  governor 
of  Michigan  for  the  term  of  two  years 
from  January,  1883. 

BELCHER,  HIRAM,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Augusta,  Maine. 
For  four  or  five  years  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  legislature;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1847  to  1848.  He  died  May  7,  1857. 

BELCHER,  JONATHAN,  merchant, 
governor,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1681.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1699;  and  spent 
six  years  in  Europe.  Having  returned  to 
Boston  and  become  a  merchant  there. 


in  1729  he  was  sent  to  England  as  the 
agent  of  the  colony,  and  on  Gov.  Burnet's 
death  in  1730  he  was  appointed  governor 
of  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire, 
which  office  he  held  for  eleven  years.  He 
died  Aug.  31,  1757,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 

BELCHER,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  15,  1794,  in  Birming 
ham,  England.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man  of  Philadelphia,  who  came  thither 
from  England  in  1844.  His  complete 
works  number  over  two  hundred  volumes. 
Among  them  are  The  Baptist  Pulpit  of  the 
United  States;  The  Clergy  of  America; 
History  of  Religious  Denominations  in 
the  United  States;  and  Hymns  and  Their 
Authors.  He  died  July  10,  1859,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

BELCHER,  NATHAN,  manufacturer, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  23,  1813,  in  Griswold,  Conn. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  Connecticut  in  1846  and  1847, 
and  of  the  state  senate  in  1850.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1852;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1853  to 
1855. 

BELCHER,  SAMUEL  CLIFFORD,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  March  20,  1839,  in 
Farmington,  Maine.  He  graduated  from 
Bowdoin  college  in  1857.  He  was  cap 
tain  and  major  in  the  sixteenth  regi 
ment  of  Maine  infantry  in  the  civil  war; 
and  in  1879  was  inspector-general  of  the 
Maine  militia,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  has  practiced  law  for  nearly 
thirty  years,  and  his  reputation  as  an 
astute  lawyer  is  widespread. 

BELDEN,  ALBERT  CLINTON,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1845,  in  Castile, 
N.  Y.  He  settled  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Akron,  Ohio;  and  had  one 
of  the  largest  practices  in  the  city.  He 
was  made  surgeon  of  the  eighth  regiment 
Ohio  national  guard.  He  died  Dec.  20, 
1890. 

BELDEN,  ELLSWORTH  BURNETT, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1866  in  Ra 
cine  county,  Wis.  He  graduated  from 
the  law  department  of  the  Wisconsin 
State  university;  and  in  1889  became 
county  judge,  and  was  thrice  re-elected 
without  opposition.  He  is  a  director  in 
the  Racine  Building  and  Loan  associa 
tion;  a  trustee  of  Racine  college,  and  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of  his  native  county. 

BELDEN,  GEORGE  O.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1827  to  1829. 

BELDEN,  JAMES  JEROME,  business 
man,  banker,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
30,  1825,  in  Fabius,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  charter 
member  of  the  order 
of  the  Founders  and 
Patriots  of  America, 
and  has  been  elected 
councilor-general  by 
the  societies  of  New 
York,  New  Jersey, 
and  Connecticut.  He 
has  been  extensively 
engaged  in  business 
pursuits  for  forty 
years,  having  been 
largely  interested  in 
and  director  of  sev 
eral  national  banks;  is  president  and 
principal  owner  of  the  Robert  Gere  bank 
of  Syracuse,  which  he  founded,  and  has 
been  trustee  of  the  Syracuse  university 
since  it  was  founded.  He  was  elected 
mayor  of  Syracuse  in  1877,  and  re-elected 
in  1878  without  opposition;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  national  conven 
tion  at  Chicago  in  1880;  and  was  elect 
ed  as  a  republican  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses. 


BELDEN,  JOSIAH,  merchant,  states 
man,  was  born  May  4,  1815,  in  Crom 
well,  Conn.  When  Captain  Jones,  of 
the  frigate  United  States,  took  posses 
sion  of  California  for  the  government, 
Mr.  Belden  was  appointed  alcalde  of 
Santa  Cruz,  and  with  his  own  hands 
raised  the  American  flag  in  California  for 
the  first  time.  He  was  the  first  mayor 
of  San  Jose  in  1850.  He  died  April  23, 
1892. 

BELDING,  MILO  MERRICK,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  April  3,  1833,  in  Ashfleld, 
Mass.  In  1866,  with  his  brothers,  he  start 
ed  a  silk  factory  in  Rockville,  Conn.  In 
1874  they  built  a  second  silk  mill  in 
Northampton,  Mass.;  and  later  one  in 
Belding,  Mich. 

BELFORD,  JAMES  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1837,  In 
Lewiston,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Dick 
inson  college;  studied  and  practiced  law; 
and  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Colorado  in  1870,  and  served 
five  years.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Colorado  to  the  forty-fourth, 
forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  and 
forty-eighth  congresses. 

BELFORD,  JOSEPH  McCRUM,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1852,  in 
Mifflingtown,  Pa.  He  received  a  classical 
education,  graduating  from  Dickinson  col 
lege,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  in  1871;  and  engaged  in 
academic  work  for  some  years.  He  re 
moved  to  Long  Island  in  1884;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1889,  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BELKNAP,  CHARLES  EUGENE,  was 
born  Oct.  17,  1846,  in  Massena,  N.  Y.  He 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Grand  Rap- 

ids,   Mich.,    in    1855; 

was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of 
Grand  Rapids,  left 
school  Aug.  14,  1862, 
and  enlisted  1  n 
twenty-first  r  e  g  i- 
ment,  Michigan  in 
fantry;  was  promot 
ed  to  different  posi 
tions,  and  received  a 
captain's  commis 
sion  Jan.  22,  1864,  at 
the  age  of  seventeen 
years  and  three  months;  and  served  until 
June,  1865,  with  the  army  of  the  Cilmber- 
land.  He  served  eleven  years  in  the  fire 
department  of  Grand  Rapids  as  captain  of 
a  company,  assistant  chief,  and  chief; 
seven  years  on  board  of  education;  served 
two  years  as  alderman;  served  one  year 
as  mayor;  has  been  a  member  of  the 
board  of  control  of  state  school  institu 
tion  for  the  deaf  for  the  past  four  years; 
and  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
wagons  and  sleighs.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses. 
In  1892  he  was  appointed  chairman  of  the 
Chickamauga,  Chattanooga  and  Mission 
ary  Ridge  Military  Park  commission  for 
the  state  of  Michigan.  He  has  contribut 
ed  war  stories  and  Chippewa  Indian 
myths  to  current  literature. 

BELKNAP,  GEORGE  EUGENE,  naval 
officer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1832,  in 
Newport,  N.  H.  Since  1847  he  has 
'  been  In  the  United  States  naval  service, 
and  in  1875  was  commissioned  post-cap 
tain;  was  made  commodore  in  1885;  and 
is  now  rear-admiral.  He  is  the  author  of 
valuable  papers  on  Deep  Sea  Soundings; 
is  a  member  of  the  American  Geograph 
ical  society;  and  has  received  a  silver 
medal  as  a  recognition  of  merit  from 
the  Geographical  society  of  France.  His 
portrait  hangs  in  the  new  Library  build 
ing  of  the  New  Hampshire  state  capftol. 


100 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BELKNAP,  HUGH  REID,  business 
man,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  1, 
1860,  in  Keokuk,  Iowa.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  £here,  and  also  took  a 
course  of  instruction  at  the  Adams  acad 
emy,  Quincy,  Mass.,  completing  his  educa 
tion  at  Phillips  academy  at  Andover, 
Mass.;  being  unable  to  take  a  coliegiate 
course,  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  entered 
the  service  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad  company  In  a  minor  capacity; 
remained  with  that  company  for  twelve 
years,  filling  various  positions  in  practical 
railroading  in  the  operating  department, 
and  retired  as  chief  clerk  to  the  general 
manager,  In  1892,  to  become  superintend 
ent  of  the  South  Side  Rapid  Transit  rail 
road  of  Chicago.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  aa 
a  republican. 

BELKNAP,  JEREMY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  4,  1744,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Boston,  whose  History  of  New 
Hampshire  ranks  as  the  best  among  local 
state  histories,  and  is  accurate  as  It  Is 
entertaining.  His  other  works  include 
American  Biographies;  The  Foresters; 
and  an  American  Tale.  He  died  June  20, 
1798,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BELKNAP.  WILLIAM  WORTH,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  in  1831 
in  Hudson  City,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Iowa  legislature  in  1849.  He  was 
present  at  the  battles  of  Shiloh  and  Vlcks- 
burg;  was  with  General  Sherman  In  his 
great  campaign;  and  was  so  rapidly  pro 
moted  as  to  have  command  of  a  division 
of  the  army  as  major-general.  After  the 
war  he  was  appointed  a  collector  of  In 
ternal  revenue,  which  position  he  held 
until  he  entered  President  Grant's  cabi 
net,  in  1869,  as  secretary  of  war.  He 
died  Oct.  12,  1890,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BELL,  AGRIPPA  NELSON,  physician, 
surgeon,  journalist,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1820,  in  Northampton  county,  Va.  He 
•entered  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Frank- 
town,  Va.;  and  in  1847  entered  the  naval 
service  as  a  surgeon.  In  1873  he  estab 
lished  The  Sanitarian,  of  which  he  still 
continues  as  editor  and  proprietor.  He 
is  the  author  of  Knowledge  of  Living 
Things,  and  other  works.  In  1872  he 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  American 
Public  Health  association. 

BELL,  ALEXANDER  GRAHAM,  pat 
entee,  was  born  March  3,  1847,  in  Edin 
burgh,  Scotland.  With  men  of  executive 
ability  to  aid  him,  including  Gardiner  G. 
Hubbard,  his  father-in-law,  Prof.  Bell  or 
ganized,  in  1878,  the  American  Bell  Tele 
phone  company,  to  introduce  telephone 
service  into  general  use  throughout  the 
United  States.  Subordinate  companies 
came  into  existence  in  various  sections 
of  the  United  States,  and  after  protracted 
litigation  and  contention  with  the  West 
ern  Union  Telegraph  company,  Prof.  Bell 
established  his  rights,  and  the  telephone 
has  now  become  one  of  the  most  neces 
sary,  as  it  is  one  of  the  most  useful,  facil 
ities  for  the  transaction  of  every-day 
business. 

BELL,  CHARLES  H.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Aug.  IB,  1798,  in  New  York.  He 
served  In  the  war  of  1812  as  midshipman; 
In  1862  was  promoted  to  commander 
In  the  civil  war;  and  in  1866  attained  the 
rank  of  rear  admiral.  He  died  Feb.  19, 
1875,  In  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

BELL,  CHARLES  H.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
United  States  senator,  governor,  was  born 
Nov.  18,  1823,  in  Chester,  N.  H.  He  re 
ceived  a  collegiate  education,  graduating 
at  Dartmouth  college  In  1844;  and  studied 
and  practiced  law.  He  was  solicitor  for 


Rockingham  county  from  1855  to  1865; 
was  a  representative  in  the  legislature  in 
1858,  1859,  and  1860;  and  the  last  year  as 
speaker.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  lou3 
and  1864;  president  of  the  senate  the  last 
year;  and  was  again  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives  in  1872  and 
1873.  He  was  appointed  a  United  States 
senator  in  1879  to  fill  a  vacancy.  In  1880 
he  was  elected  governor  of  New  Hamp 
shire  for  the  term  of  two  years  from 
June,  1881.  He  is  the  author  of  ine 
Bench  and  Bar  of  New  Hampshire. 

BELL,  CHARLES  K.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  i>orn 
April  18,  Ibo3,  in  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  He 
removed  to  Texas  In  1871,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1874.  He  was  elected 
district  attorney,  state  senator,  and  dis 
trict  judge,  serving  four  years  in  each  po 
sition.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  demo 
cratic  national  convention  in  1884;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

BELL,  CLAKK,  lawyer,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  12,  1832,  in  Rod 
man,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  originator  and 
president  of  the  Saturday  Night  club.  In 
1883  he  founded  the  Medico-Legal  Jour 
nal,  and  is  still  its  editor. 

BELL,  EDWARD  A.,  artist,  was  born 
Dec.  18,  1861,  in  New  York  city.  In  1881 
he  went  to  Europe,  where  he  studied  at 
Munich  for  two  years.  He  painted  uis 
first  picture,  Their  First  Sorrow,  two 
years  later. 

BELL,  FRANK  FREDERICK,  banker, 
was  born  May  26,  1865,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  became  the  first  treasurer  of  the 
city  of  Philadelphia  under  the  new  char 
ter.  He  engaged  in  large  real  estate  op 
erations;  and  is  the  senior  member  of 
the  banking  firm  of  Bell,  Houghes  and 
company. 

BELL,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1832  in  Maryland.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  West  Point  in  1853.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  as  assistant  in  the 
organization  of  the  subsistence  depart 
ment  for  the  Manassas  campaign;  as 
principal  assistant  commissary  to  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  in  charge  of 
subsistence  depots,  and  as  chief  of  com 
missariat  of  the  departments  of  Wash 
ington  and  the  Potomac.  On  April  9, 
1865,  he  was  brevetted  brigadier-general 
for  services  during  the  war. 

BELL,  HENRY  HAY  WOOD,  naval 
officer,  was  born  about  1808  in  North  Car 
olina.  Early  in  the  civil  war  he  was  ap 
pointed  fleet  captain  of  the  Western  Gulf 
squadron.  In  July,  1866,  he  was  promot 
ed  to  be  rear-admiral;  and  in  1867  he  was 
retired.  He  died  Jan.  11,  1868,  in  Japan. 

BELL,  HIRAM,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Vermont.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Ohio  from  1852  to  1853. 

BELL,  HIRAM  P.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  1,  182i, 
in  Jackson,  Ga.  He  graduated  from  the 
Academy  of  Cumming,  Ga.,  where  he  has 
attained  a  reputation  as  one  of  the  lead 
ing  lawyers  of  the  south.  In  1861  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  secession  convention; 
was  a  state  senator  the  same  year,  and 
resigned  to  enter  the  confederate  army 
in  1862.  He  raised  a  company,  of  which 
he  was  elected  captain.  He  was  danger 
ously  wounded  at  Chickasaw  bayou;  and 
attained  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  a 
representative  from  Georgia  in  the  sec 
ond  confederate  congress  in  1864-65;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  his 
state  to  the  forty-third  and  forty-fifth 
congresses  of  the  United  States  as  a  dem 
ocrat.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  four  col 
leges,  and  also  of  the  Methodist  Orphans' 


home;  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

BELL,  ISAAC,  JR.,  merchant,  banker, 
public  official,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1846,  in 
New  York  city,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated 
at  private  schools,  and  at  Harvard  col 
lege,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  where  he  re 
mained  two  years.  After  leaving  Har 
vard  he  went  abroad  to  complete  his  edu 
cation  and  to  travel.  From  1870  to  18 1  a 
he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business 
and  in  banking  in  New  York  city;  and  in 
the  latter  year  retired  from  business  and 
went  abroad.  He  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  1880  and  settled  at  Newport, 
R.  I.  In  1885  he  received  the  vote  of  his 
party  in  the  state  legislature  for  United 
States  senator,  but  was  not  elected.  In 
1885  he  was  appointed  United  States  min 
ister  at  The  Hague,  Netherlands. 

BELL,  JAMES,  lawyer,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1804,  in  Fran- 
cestown,  N.  H.  He  began  to  practice  at 
Gilmanton,  N.  H.; 
in  1831  he  removed 
to  Exeter,  N.  H.; 
and  in  1846  repre 
sented  that  town  in 
the  legislature.  In 
that  same  year  he 
removed  to  Gilford, 
where  he  took 
charge  of  the  enter 
prise  of  damming 
the  outlets  of  Lake 
Winnipiseogee  and 
other  lakes,  so  that 

the  large  mills  on  the  Merrimac  might 
not  suffer  from  a  diminished  water  sup 
ply  during  the  dry  season.  By  prudent 
management  he  gained  over  those  prop 
erty-owners  whose  interests  seemed  to  be 
threatened,  and  the  scheme  was  success 
ful.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  in  1850,  and  in  1854 
and  1855  the  unsuccessful  whig  candidate 
for  governor.  In  1855  he  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate,  where  he  served 
until  his  death.  He  died  May  26,  1857, 
in  Laconia,  N.  H. 

BELL,  JAMES  DANA,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1840,  In 
Exeter,  N.  H.  He  graduated  from  the 
Phillips  Exeter  academy,  and  the  Harvard 
Law  school,  and  has  attained  eminence 
as  a  successful  lawyer  and  jurist,  rie 
was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  con 
vention  of  South  Carolina;  and  nas 
served  as  a  judge  of  the  probate  court. 
He  has  always  taken  great  interest  in 
religious  matters,  and  was  commissioner 
to  the  general  assembly  of  the  presbyte- 
rian  church  of  the  United  States. 

BELL,  JAMES  M.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1833  to 
1835. 

BELL,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ohio 
from  1850  to  1851. 

BELL,  JOHN,  merchant,  governor,  was 
born  in  1766  in  Londonderry,  N.  H.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  merchant  in  Ches 
ter,  N.  H.;  councilor  of  the  state;  and 
sheriff  of  Rockingham  county  from  1823 
to  1828;  and  was  governor  of  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1829  to  1830.  He  died  March 
22,  1836,  in  Chester,  N.  H. 

BELL,  JOHN  I.,  physician,  lecturer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1796,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  physician  and  medical  lecturer, 
among  whose  writings  are  Health  and 
Beauty;  and  Regimen  and  Longevity.  He 
died  in  1872. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


101 


BELL,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  15, 
1797,  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  In  1817  he  was 
elected  to  the  state 
senate;  declined  a 
re-election,  and  de 
voted  the  next  ten 
years  of  his  life 
wholly  to  his  pro 
fession.  In  1827  he 
was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  con 
gress,  and  continued 
to  be  re-elected  until 
1841,  officiating  dur 
ing  one  term  as 
speaker.  In  1841  he 

accepted  a  seat  in  President  Harrison's 
cabinet  as  secretary  of  war,  which  post 
he  resigned  in  five  months  after  the  ac 
cession  of  President  Tyler.  In  1847  he 
accepted  a  seat  in  the  house  of  represent 
atives  of  Tennessee,  but  before  the  close 
of  the  year  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate;  and  was  re-elected  in  1852, 
serving  from  time  to  time  as  chairman 
of  important  committees  until  the  close 
of  the  thirty-fifth  congress.  In  1860  he 
received  from  the  Union  party  the  nomi 
nation  for  president  of  the  United  States, 
but  was  defeated.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1869, 
in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

BELL,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1851,  in 
Grundy  county,  Tenn.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  county.  In 
1888  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  seventh 
judicial  district  of  Colorado  for  a  period 
of  six  years:  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third,  fifty-fourth,  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses. 

BELL,  JOSHUA  F.,  lawyer,  orator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1845  to  1847,  a'nd 
declined  a  re-election.  He  was  a  lawyer, 
and  distinguished  in  the  west  as  an  ora 
tor;  and  was  a  member  of  the  peace  con 
vention  of  1861.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1870,  in 
Kentucky. 

BELL,  LILIAN,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  in  1867  in  Kentucky.  She  graduated 
from  the  Dearborn  seminary  of  Chicago, 
111.;  and  has  attained  success  as  a  jour 
nalist.  She  is  the  author  of  The  Love 
Affairs  of  an  Old  Maid;  A  Little  Sister 
to  the  Wilderness;  The  Under  Tide  of 
Things;  From  a  Girl's  Standpoint;  In 
stinct  of  Stepfatherhood;  and  other 
stories. 

BELL,  LUTHER  VOSE,  physician,  sur 
geon,  legislator,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
20,  1806,  in  Chester,  N.  H.  He  was  the 
fourth  son  of  Gov. 
Bell,  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  a  noted  lawyer 
and  congressman. 
In  1823  he  graduated 
from  Bowdoin  col 
lege;  studied  medi 
cine,  and  attained 
success  in  that  pro 
fession.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of 
the  New  Hampshire 
state  legislature; 
and  was  appointed 
one  of  the  special  committee  for  making 
some  provision  for  the  insane.  He  was 
the  author  of  numerous  dissertations  on 
medical  subjects;  and  to  him  belongs  the 
honor  of  having  first  brought  the  notice 
of  the  medical  profession  to  a  new  form 
of  disease,  which  has  since  been  desig 
nated  as  Bell's  disease,  peculiar  to  the 
insane.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1862,  near  Budd's 
Ferry.  Md. 


BELL,  M.  E.,  architect,  was  born  Oct. 
20,  1847,  in  Chester,  N.  H.  He  conceived 
the  idea  of  becoming  an  architect,  and 
studied  for  the  profession;  apprenticed 
himself  to  an  able  French  architect  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  was  engaged  with  him 
in  the  construction  of  the  capitol  build 
ings  at  Springfield,  111.,  and  Des  Moines, 
Iowa,  from  1870  to  1876.  In  the  latter 
year  his  employer  died,  and  Mr.  Bell  took 
charge  of  the  work  himself.  While  en 
gaged  upon  the  Iowa  capitol  he  was  ten 
dered,  and  accepted,  the  position  of  super 
vising  architect  of  the  United  States 
treasury. 

BELL,  PETER  H.,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  governor 
of  Texas  from  1849  to  1853;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Texas  from 
1853  to  1857;  and  subsequently  became 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  that  state. 

BELL,  ROBERT  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  13,  1844,  in 
Clarksburg,  Ind.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  univer 
sity  of  Michigan,  and 
graduated  therefrom 
in  1868.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served 
gallantly  as  a  sol 
dier  in  the  Union 
army,  first  In  the 
eighth  regiment,  In 
diana  volunteer  in 
fantry,  and  then  in 
the  one  hundred  and 
twenty-fourth  regi 
ment;  and  he  was 
subsequently  assigned  to  detached  duty 
at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  where  he  remained 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  After  the 
war  he  opened  a  law  office  in  Muncie, 
Ind.;  and  in  1871  moved  to  Fort  Wayne, 
where  he  has  attained  a  reputation  as 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Indiana. 
He  has  served  in  many  high  positions 
of  public  trust  and  responsibility;  and  in 
1874  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  of 
the  Indiana  state  legislature;  received 
the  re-election  in  1888,  and  was  chairman 
of  the  judiciary  committee. 

BELL,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  legislator. 
United  States  senator,  governor,  was  born 
Feb.  9,  1770,  in  Londonderry,  N.  H.  He 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1793;  studied 
law.  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1796. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  from 
1804  to  1808,  occupying  the  position  of 
speaker.  In  1807  and  1808  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  senate;  and  in  1809  a  member 
of  the  executive  council.  From  1816  to 
1819  he  was  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  the  state;  and  in  1819  was  chosen  gov 
ernor,  serving  until  1823.  From  1823  to 
1835  he  was  United  States  senator.  He 
died  Dec.  23,  1850,  in  Chester,  N.  H. 

BELL,  SAMUEL  DANA,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1798,  in  Francestown, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  superior 
court;  in  1855  justice  of  the  supreme 
court;  and  from  1859-64  served  as  chief 
justice.  He  died  July  31,  1868,  in  Ches 
ter,  N.  H. 

BELL,  SAMUEL  NEWELL,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  25,  1829, 
in  Chester,  N.  H.  He  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  college  in  1847;  studied  law,  and 
practiced  at  Manchester.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-second  congress;  and  was 
subsequently  appointed  chief  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  Hampshire. 
He  was  also  elected  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress.  He  died  Feb.  8,  1889,  in  Man 
chester,  N.  H. 

BELL,  THEODORE  S.,  physician,  was 
born  in  1807  in  Kentucky.  He  was  ap 
pointed  professor  of  medicine  and  hygiene 
in  the  university  of  Louisville,  and  editor 


of  the  Louisville  Medical  Journal,  posi 
tions  which  placed  him  in  the  front  rank 
of  his  profession.  He  died  Dec.  28,  1884, 
in  Louisville,  Ky. 

BELL,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  1828,  in  Utica,  Ohio. 
In  1871  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Ohio  house  of  representatives,  receiving 
the  re-election  in  1873,  and  again  in  1881. 
He  has  been  mayor  of  Newark,  Ohio, 
and  filled  various  other  positions  of 
honor 

BELL,  WILLIAM  ALLEN,  educator, 
editor,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1833,  in  Clinton 
county,  Ind.  He  attended  Antloch  col 
lege,  Ohio,  while  Horace  Mann  was  pres 
ident.  He  became  principal  of  the  In 
dianapolis  High  school,  president  of  the 
Indiana  State  Teachers'  association,  and 
for  more  than  twenty-five  years  editor 
and  publisher  of  the  Indiana  School  Jour 
nal,  and  is  still  doing  this  work.  He  is 
one  of  the  oldest  educational  editors  in 
the  United  States. 

BELL,  WILLIAM  A.,  capitalist,  was 
born  in  1841  in  Ireland.  In  1870  he  set 
tled  in  Colorado,  and  was  associated  with 
Gen.  William  J.  Palmer  in  the  building  of 
the  Denver  anu  Rio  Grande  railroad,  and 
had  a  share  in  the  management  after 
ward,  being  vice-president  for  several 
years. 

BELLAMY,  ALFRED  D.,  physician, 
manufacturer,  was  born  July  15,  1847,  in 
Watkins,  N.  Y.  For  many  years  he  suc 
cessfully  practiced  medicine,  but  was 
compelled  to  change  his  occupation  on 
account  of  deafness.  In  1882  he  estab 
lished  the  Florence  Wagon  company,  one 
of  the  first  wholesale  manufacturers  of 
farm  wagons  in  the  southern  states,  and 
of  which  he  is  still  president. 

BELLAMY,  CHARLES  JOSEPH,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1852  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  journalist  of  Spring 
field,  Mass.,  and  the  author  of  The  Bre 
ton  Mills,  a  Novel;  Everybody's  Lawyer; 
The  Way  Out;  and  Suggestions  for  So 
cial  Reform. 

BELLAMY,  EDWARD,  reformer,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  26,  1850,  in  Chico- 
pee  Falls,  Mass.  He  is  a  socialist  reform 
er  whose  Utopian  theories  embodied  in 
the  tale  Looking  Backward,  2000-1887, 
have  been  very  widely  read,  and  have  re 
sulted  in  the  formation  of  several  socie 
ties  and  communities  that  endeavor  to 
put  some  of  them  in  practice.  His  other 
works  include  Six  to  One,  a  Nantucket 
Idyl;  Dr.  Heidenhoff's  Process,  a  Novel; 
and  Miss  Ludington's  Sister,  a  Romance 
of  Immortality.  He  died  in  1898. 

BELLAMY,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  WHIT- 
FIELD,  author,  was  born  April  17,  1839, 
in  Quincy,  Fla.  She  is  a  novelist  of  Mo 
bile,  and  the  author  of  Four  Oaks;  Lit 
tle  Joanna;  Penny  Lancaster  Farmer; 
Old  Man  Gilbert;  and  The  Luck  of  the 
Pendenninus. 

BELLAMY,  JOHN  D.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  author,  was  born  March  24,  1854, 
in  Wilmington,  N.  C.  He  graduated  from 
the  Davidson  college,  and  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia.  He  has  been  state 
senator  and  city  attorney;  is  the  author 
of  several  books;  and  a  contributor  to  va 
rious  newspapers  and  periodicals. 

BELLAMY,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1719,  in  Cheshire,  Conn. 
He  founded  a  divinity  school  in  his  par 
ish,  and  trained  many  men  there  who 
were  afterwards  famous  among  New 
England  ministers.  He  is  the  author  of 
True  Religion  Delineated;  The  Law  Our 
Schoolmaster;  The  Half-Way  Covenant; 
and  The  Nature  and  Glory  of  the  Gospel. 
He  died  March  6,  1790,  in  Bethlehem, 
Conn. 


102 


HKRRINOSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BELLAMY,  ORLANDO  ROLLIN,  edu 
cator,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1856,  in 
Vevay,  Ind.  He  attended  the  DePauw 
university  of  Greencastle,  and  while  there 
wrote  an  essay  in  poetry.  As  a  student 
he  won  the  honors  of  his  class,  and  re 
ceived  a  gold  medal  as  a  prize  in  mathe 
matics.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  Songs  by  the  Wayside. 

BELLAMY,  WILLIAM,  author,  was 
born  in  1846  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a 
Boston  writer  who  has  published  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  entitled  A  Century  of  Cha 
rades;  and  A  Second  Century  of  Charades. 

BELLAS,  HENRY  HOBART,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  June  30,  1846,  in  Ebens- 
burg,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Cambridge.  From  1873-80  he  was 
an  officer  of  the  United  States  army, 
when  he  was  placed  on  the  retired  list 
as  captain  of  cavalry.  He  is  the  author 
of  various  genealogical  and  historical 
publications. 

BELLINGER,  JOSEPH,  congressman. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1809; 
and  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1817  to  1819. 

BELLINGHAM,  RICHARD,  colonial 
governor,  was  born  in  1592  in  England. 
He  settled  in  Boston,  and  in  1641  was 
elected  governor;  was  re-elected  in  1654. 
and  again  in  1665.  He  was  chief  magis 
trate  of  Massachusetts  for  the  remainder 
of  his  life,  being  deputy  governor  thirteen 
years  and  governor  ten.  He  died  Dec.  7, 
1672. 

BELLOWS,  ALBERT  F.,  painter,  was 
born  Nov.  29,  1829,  in  Milford,  Mass.  His 
early  works,  mostly  genre  pictures  in  oil, 
include  The  First  Pair  of  Boots;  The 
Sorrows  of  Boyhood;  and  The  Lost 
Child.  Among  his  later  water-colors  are 
The  Notch  at  Lancaster;  Afternoon  in 
Surrey;  The  Thames  at  Windsor;  The 
Reaper's  Child;  and  New  England  Home 
stead.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1883,  in  Auburn- 
dale,  Mass. 

BELLOWS,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1740,  in  Walpole, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  member  of  the  colonial 
and  afterward  of  the  state  legislature; 
and  was  appointed  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  in  1781,  but  his  busi 
ness  forced  him  to  decline.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  convention  that  rati 
fied  the  federal  constitution  in  1788.  He 
presided  over  the  New  Hampshire  elec 
toral  college  that  voted  for  Washington 
in  1788,  and  was  a  member  of  the  one  that 
voted  for  John  Adams  in  1796.  He  was 
active  in  the  colonial  and  state  militia, 
rising  from  the  rank  of  corporal  to  that 
of  brigadier-general,  and  served  during 
the  revolutionary  war  as  a  colonel.  He 
died  June,  1802,  in  Walpole,  Mass. 

BELLOWS,  HENRY  ADAMS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1803,  in  Walpole. 
Mass.  In  1826  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  in  1828  opened  an  office  in  Littleton. 
N.  H.  He  was  appointed  associate  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  In  1859.  and  after  ten 
years  of  service  in  that  capacity  became 
chief  justice  on  the  death  of  Judge  Per- 
ley.  He  died  March  11,  1873,  in  Concord, 
N.  H. 

BELLOWS,  HENRY  WHITNEY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  11,  1814, 
In  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  prominence  in  New  York 
city,  well  known  at  one  time  as  the  pres 
ident  of  the  United  States  sanitary  com 
mission.  He  was  the  author  of  Restate 
ments  of  Christian  Doctrine;  Sermons; 
Relation  of  Public  Amusements  to  Public 
Morality;  and  The  Old  World  in  Its  New 
Face.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1882,  in  New  York 


BELMONT,  AUGUST,  diplomat,  was 
born  in  Germany.  In  1853  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Pierce  charge  d'af 
faires  to  The  Hague,  and  afterward  be 
came  minister  resident,  resigning  in  1858. 
In  the  latter  capacity  he  negotiated  a 
highly  important  consular  convention, 
for  which  and  other  diplomatic  services 
he  received  special  thanks  from  Wash 
ington.  He  was  a  leading  delegate  to  the 
democratic  convention  of  1860;  and  from 
that  year  until  1872  was  chairman  of  the 
national  democratic  committee,  when  he 
resigned. 

BELMONT,  AUGUST,  banker,  was 
born  Feb.  18,  1853,  in  New  York  city.  He 
is  now  at  the  head  of  August  Belmont 
and  Co.,  the  American  representatives  of 
the  Rothschild  bank  abroad.  The  family 
make  their  country  home  at  Hempstead, 
on  Long  Island. 

BELMONT,  PERRY,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1851,  in  New  York 
city.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1872;  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1876.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-seventh, 
forty-eighth,  and  forty-ninth  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

BELO,  ALFRED  H.,  journalist,  was 
born  May  27,  1839,  in  Salem,  N.  C.  In 
1865  he  became  connected  with  the  Gal- 
veston  News;  and  in  1885  published  the 
Dallas  News,  which  has  achieved  a  great 
and  rapid  success. 

BELROSE,  LOUIS,  author,  was  born 
in  1845  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  writer 
whose  only  published  work  of  note  is 
Thorns  and  Flowers,  a  volume  of  poems. 
He  died  in  1896. 

BELSER,  JAMES  E.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Alabama 
from  1843  to  1845.  He  died  Jan.  6,  1859, 
in  Montgomery,  Ala. 

BELTZHOOVER,  FRANK  ECKELS, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  6, 
1841,  in  Cumberland  county.  Pa.  In  1858 
he  entered  Pennsyl 
vania  college,  at 
Gettysburg,  where 
he  graduated  in  1862. 
He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1864,  and 
has  practiced  since. 
In  1868  and  1873  he 
was  chairman  of  the 
democratic  executive 
committee  of  the 
county;  and  in  1874 
was  elected  district 
attorney,  and  served 
for  three  years.  In  1878  he  was  elected 
to  the  forty-sixth  congress,  forty-seventh 
in  1880,  and  also  to  the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

BEMAN,  NATHANIEL  SYDNEY 
SMITH,  clergyman,  was  born  Nov.  26, 
1785,  in  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.  He  became 
pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  in  1822,  and  continued  as  such  for 
upward  of  forty  years.  He  was  actively 
interested  in  the  temperance,  moral  re 
form,  revival,  and  anti-slavery  move 
ments  of  his  time.  Besides  sermons,  es 
says,  and  addresses,  which  have  been 
separately  published,  he  was  the  author 
of  a  volume  entitled  Four  Sermons  on  the 
Atonement.  He  was  also  one  of  the  com 
pilers  of  the  hymn-book  adopted  by  the 
new-school  branch  of  the  presbyterian 
church.  He  died  Aug.  8,  1871,  in  Carbon- 
dale,  111. 

BEMENT,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  mer 
chant,  was  born  March  4,  1824,  in  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.  In  1843  he  located  in  Terre 
Haute,  and  by  more  than  fifty  years  of 
unremitting  application  and  prudent  hus 
banding  of  means  has  accumulated  large 
wealth  in  the  wholesale  grocery  business. 


BEMENT,  WILLIAM  BARNES,  manu 
facturer,  inventor,  was  born  May  10,  1817, 
in  Bradford,  N.  H.  He  went  to  Philadel 
phia  and  devoted 
himself  there  to  the 
invention  and  manu 
facture  of  machine 
tools  and  machinery. 
The  Industrial 
Works,  as  they  were 
called,  grew  in  time 
both  in  size  and 
prestige  to  equal  the 
best  of  their  class  in 
America,  and  they 
are  said  to  stand 
second  only  to  the 
Whitworth  shops  in  England. 

BEMIS,  ARTHUR  L.,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  legislator,  was  born  March  20, 
1858,  in  Elyria,  Ohio.  For  many  years 
he  was  professor  of  chemistry,  general 
history,  and  penmanship  in  the  Ionia 
schools,  Mich.  Since  1890  he  has  been 
the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Carson  City 
Gazette;  and  in  1897-98  was  a  member  of 
the  Michigan  state  legislature. 

BEMIS,  EDWARD  WEBSTER,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  in  1860  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  professor  of  economics 
in  the  University  of  Chicago;  and  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  Co-operation  in  the 
United  States;  and  Municipal  Ownership 
of  Gas  in  the  United  States. 

BEMIS,  GEORGE  PICKERING,  jour 
nalist,  business  man,  was  born  March  15, 
1838,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  descend 
ant  of  Timothy  Pickering,  of  revolution 
ary  fame.  '  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  sec 
ond  battalion  of  Massachusetts  light  in 
fantry,  serving  about  seven  months,  after 
which  he  joined  George  Francis  Train  in 
London,  where  that  gentleman  was  Intro 
ducing  street  railways;  and  for  over 
twenty  years  he  was  his  private  secretary. 
He  also  became  general  manager  and 
editor  of  the  London  American,  the  only 
American  newspaper  in  Europe  during 
the  civil  war.  In  1892  he  became  mayor 
of  Omaha,  Neb.,  and  received  the  re-elec 
tion  three  successive  times.  During  his 
entire  term  he  defended  the  interests  of 
the  taxpayers,  and  saved  them  millions 
of  dollars. 

BEMISS,  SAMUEL  MERRIFIELD,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Oct.  15, 
1821,  in  Nelson  county,  Ky.  From  1862 
till  1865  he  was  a  surgeon  in  the  confed 
erate  army.  After  the  war  he  settled  In 
New  Orleans,  and  in  1866  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  medi 
cine  in  the  university  of  Louisiana.  He 
is  the  editor  of  the  New  Orleans  Medical 
and  Surgical  Journal. 

BENDER,  JOHN  S.,  civil  engineer,  law 
yer,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1827,  near  Carlisle, 
Pa.  He  was  a  miller  by  trade  until  1852; 
a  land  surveyor  and 
civil  engineer  from 
choice  until  1856; 
and  since  that  time 
has  been  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law. 
Since  1854  he  has 
taken  great  interest 
in  politics;  was  con 
tingent  elector  for 
Douglas;  supported 
Lincoln  during  the 
war  of  1861;  and  in 
1878  joined  the  inde 
pendent  movement  for  reform;  was  elec 
tor  at  large  in  Indiana  for  Butler;  and  he 
has  held  many  other  prominent  offices  in 
his  county  and  state  for  the  furtherance 
of  the  movement.  He  is  the  author  ol 
A  Hoosier's  Experience  in  Europe; 
Money:  Its  Definition;  and  other  works. 


BhvEiHaER'  J°SEPH  ELMER-  educator 
ynyhician,  nurseryman,  was  born  Sent   17 

1  Or<>  J__  -r-rj-  ,  ""•""WlilOtJUL.      J.  I  , 

!»»<:,    in    Westmoreland   county    Pa     HO 

co?±edThiS  edUCation  at  "£ .  bskaloo^a 
nege,  lowa;  and  during  1879-81  attended 
the  Allopathic  Medical  department  at 
the  Iowa  State  university.  Hetaueht 
school  until  1883,  and  since  that  time  ha< 
been  secretary  of  the  Independent  ™chool 
district  of  Oakland,  Iowa.  He  abandonee 

whei^raf"rh°fhmedicine   in    3KH 
"ie  he  has  been  engaged  in  fruit 


BENDER,  PROSPER,  physician,  au 
thor  was  born  in  1844  in  Quebec,  Canada. 
ISRS  I  a  Canadlan  Physician,  and  since 
883  has  practiced  his  profession  in  Bos 
ton.  He  is  the  author  of  Old  and  New 
Canada;  Literary  Sheaves,  or  La  UtteVa 
ture  au  Canada-Prancais. 

BENDIRE,  CHARLES  E.,  soldier  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1836  in  Georgia 
He  was  an  ornithologist  of  note;  honora 
ry  curator  of  the  department  of  oology 
in  the  United  States  National  museum- 

m$J*  Wn  and  brevet  major  in  the 

United  States  army.     He  was  the  author 

Rirrt  v  H'ftorles  Of  North  American 
Birds.  He  died  in  1897. 

BENDIX    JOHN    E.,   soldier,    business 

££?'  i"*8  i°riVAug-  28'  1818'  He  Partic 
ipated  in  the  battles  of  Antietam  Fred- 

ericksburg,  and  the  Wijderness,  besides 
the  engagements  of  the  intervening  cam 
paigns.  He  was  promoted  brigadier-gen- 


judge    for    the   eastern    district    of    New 
and  m  1881  was  tendered  the  ap- 

SSfSS&fStS  Yo^stat?    the 

tho3™^;  0DcATi7c79erfymNan'  r 

Conn.  He  was°f  bapt£  cl  rgy^of 
Pawtucket;  and  the  author  of  ™ry  of 
CTftv Bapt'sts:  History  of  All  Religions; 
'ifty  Years  Among  the  Baptists;  Coml 

K 


103 

BENEDICT,   KIRBY,   jurist,    was   born 
in  Connecticut.    In  1853  he  was  appoint 
ed   an   associate  justice    of    the    United 
or   the    territory   of 


BENECKE,   LOUIS,    lawyer,   legislator, 
was  born  May  1,  1843,  in  Brunswick   Ger 
many.     He  received  his  education  in  the 
common    schools    in 
Blankenburg  college, 
Germany,  and  in  the 
high        schools        of 
!  Brunswick,    Mo.     He 
i  served     during     the 
civil      war     in     the 
forty-ninth  regiment 
of  the   Missouri  vol 
unteers,      and      was 
captain   of   company 
I-        For      fourteen 
years  he  was  mayor 

of  Brunswick;  Mo,  & 

t'haTci'tv1   °Vhe    board  ucaono 

tinn  ,  I'  ,"d  a  director  of  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  Brunswick.  For  four 
years  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Mis- 
sour,  state  senate.  He  stands  high  in 

is  grand  *****  °" 

H°nor;     Judge-advocate, 
r  of  th    n*'       d  dePartment  command 
er  of  the  G.  A.  R.  of  Missouri. 

BENEDICT,     ASA     G.,     educator    was 
born   Aug    11,   1848,   in   Lysander    N  T 

RLW0aS^ri^CipaI  Of  the  Free  academy  of 
Rome,  N.  Y.;  and  was  for  three  years 
president  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  In  1880  he 

thmV°  ?Unton'    N'   Y"  as   Principal   * 

the    Houghton    seminary,    which    he    h*8 

since  managed  with  ability  and   success 

BENEDICT,     CHARLES     B.,     lawyer 

ffiT8!?1^'   W^S   born   Feb'   7-   1828'   in 
uca,   IM.   Y.     He   received   an   academic 

practice0^  S**  }™''  WaS  «**£SK 
practice  in  1856;  engaged  in  the  banking 

Attica  in  186°.  ^d  continued 
member  °f  the  demo- 


• 
°' 


i,1r^NE1?ICT'     CHARLES     L.,     lawyer, 
e  practiced  the  profession  of  the 

iWth1»nwBr0°v'yn;    Was    a   representative 

'"the  New  York  legislature  in  1863-    in 

865  was  appointed  United  States  district 


.CT,    ERASTUS     CORNELIUS 
t,  author,  was  born  March  19    1800, 
m   Branford,  Conn.     He  was  a  jurist  of 
New   York  city;    and   the  author  of  The 
Am<    ican  Admiralty,  Its  Jurisdiction  and 

York  'cHy.          "^  °Ct  22>   188°'  in  New 

BENEDICT,  FRANK  LEE,  author 
poet,  was  born  in  1834  in  New  York  city' 
She  is  the  author  of  Miss  .Van  Kortland;' 

John  Worthington's  Na^ej^Miss6  Doro 
thy  s  Charge;  St.  Simon's  Niece-  'Twixt 
Hammer  and  Anvil;  Her  Friend  Lau 
rence;  A  Late  Remorse;  Madame;  and 
The  Shadow-Worshipper  and  Other 

BENEDICT,     GEORGE     GRENVILLE 
inllr,noollst'   state   senator,   was   born   Dec' 
>,  1826    m  Burlington,  Vt.     He  attended 
i   academy    at    Burlington;    and   grad- 
UJ^d  ™°m  the  university  of  Vermont  in 
847.     During  the  civil  war  he  was  lieu 
tenant  in  the  twelfth  regiment,  Vermont 
volunteers;    and  aid-de-camp  on  the  staff 
of  the  second  Vermont  brigade.     He  has 
been  president  of  the  Vermont  and  Bos 
ton    Telegraph    company;     a   member   of 
the   Vermont   state   senate;    secretary   of 
the  university  of  Vermont;   president  of 
the  State  Historical  society;  president  of 
the  Vermont  Press  association;  and  pres 
ident  of  the  Vermont  society  of  Sons  of 
the  American  Revolution.     He   has  been 
the  state  military  historian;   collector  of 
customs  for  Vermont;    and  for  forty  years 
editor  of  the  Burlington  Free  Press. 

BENEDICT,  GEORGE  WYLLYS  edu 
cator,  journalist,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1795 
in  North  Stamford,  Conn.  He  was  pro 
fessor  at  the  university  of  Vermont  from 
1825  till  1847.  He  became  associated  with 
Ezra  Cornell  in  the  construction  of  the 
Troy  and  Canada  junction  telegraph  line 
becoming  the  first  superintendent  of  that 
company.  He  subsequently  engaged  in 
dependently  in  telegraph  building  and 
contracted  for  the  erection  of  several 
lines.  He  purchased  the  Burlington  Free 
Press  in  1853,  and  remained  its  editor  and 
publisher  until  1866.  During  1854  and 
1855  he  was  a  member  of  the  Vermont 
senate,  serving  as  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  on  education.  He  died  Sent  23 
1871,  in  Burlington,  Vt. 

BENEDICT,  HENRY  HARPER,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  in  1801.  In  1882,  hav 
ing  been  admitted  to  membership  in  the 
firm  of  Wyckoff, 
Seamans  and  Bene 
dict,  he  removed  to 
New  York  city  to 
engage  in  the  sale 
of  Remington  type 
writers.  In  1886  the 
firm  purchased  the 
entire  typewriter 
Plant  of  the  Rem 
ingtons,  including 
all  rights  and  fran 
chises,  and  have 

manufacture  as   well  as   thTwde  of  t 
machine,  attaining  a  remarkable  success! 


BENEDICT,  LE  GRAND,  soldier  was 
born  April  10,  1802,  in  Troy,  N  Y  He 
enlisted  in  the  second  New  York  volun 
teers  and  in  1826  was  made  assistant  ad 
jutant-general  of  the  United  States  vol 
unteers,  with  the  rank  of  captain  by 
appointment  of  President  Lincoln. 

BENEDICT,  LEWIS,  soldier  lawyer 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1817,  in  Albany  N  Y' 
TSrS  ^  Was  city  attomey  at  Albany;' 
nnHi  i«]9Udge  advocate;  and  from  1848 
until  1852  surrogate  of  Albany  In  1860 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  as 
sembly,  but  entered  the  military  service 
for  the  civil  war.  He  died  April  9  1864 
m  Pleasant  Hill,  La. 

BENEFIELD,  ROBERT  K.  W.,  journal 
ist,  planter,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1835  in 
Louisville,  Ky.  He  attended  the  Avers 
university,  of  Albany,  Ind.;  and  was  | 
graduate  of  the  American  Health  college 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  served  as  a  pri! 
vate  soldier  in  the  confederate  army.  He 

nd  r*  tt°r  a°.d  °wner  of  *he  Southland 
and  Gazette,  of  Maurepas,  La  He  has 
been  a  justice  of  the  peace,  a  memuer  of 
the  school  board,  and  has  held  various 
-  public  offices  in  his  county  and 


BENEZET  ANTHONY,  philanthropist, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1713,  in  France 

i  was  a  Quaker  philanthropist  of  Phil 
adelphia,  whose  tracts  on  slavery  first 
aroused  the  attention  of  Clarkson  and 
Wnoerforce  to  the  subject.  He  died  May 
*,  Ksi,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BENHAM,  ALEXANDER  K  K.  naval 
officer,  was  born  in  1832  in  New  York 
He  entered  the  United  States  navy  dur 
ing  the  civil  war;  was  raised  to  the  rank 
°f  commander  in  186?;  became  captain  in 
1878;  commodore  in  1889;  and  acting 
rear-admiral  in  1890.  In  1891  he  was 
made  commander  of  the  East  Indian 
squadron.  He  retired  in  1894. 

BENHAM,  DE  WITT  MILES,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1862,  in  Marysville 
Cal  In  1889  he  received  a  call  to  the 
Presbyterian  church  of  Pittsburs  Pa 
but  resigned  this  charge  in  1893  and  be 
gan  new  work  in  the  east  end  of  the 
*i.Cy'  mThe  result  was  the  organization  of 
1894  abernacle  Presbyterian  church  in 


BENHAM,  HENRY  W.,  engineer  in 
ventor,  was  born  in  1817,  in  Connecticut 
He  invented  the  picket  shovel  used  by 
troops  in  the  field,  and  was  an  expert  in 
pontoon  bridges,  in  the  management  of 
which  he  devised  important  improve 
ments.  He  died  June  1,  1884,  in  New 
York  city. 

BENHAM,  ROBERT  T.,  soldier,  jurist 
was  born  about  1745  in  Virginia  He 
erved  in  the  civil  war  and  attained  the 
rank  of  captain.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  he  settled  in  Campbell  county  Ky 
where  in  1794  he  was  one  of  the  first 
judges  of  the  county  court. 

BENJAMIN,  ALBERT  ELLIS,  journal- 
He'  ^  orn.-?ct  V872- near  Barry- 1"- 

is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Che- 
hahs  County  Tribune  of  Hoquiam,  Wash  • 
and  has  contributed  extensively  to  peril 
odical  literature. 

BENJAMIN,  DOWLING,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1849,  in  Baltimore, 
Md_     in   1877    he    began    the   practice   of 
medicine  in  Camden,  N.  J.,  where  he  has 
;  up   a  general   practice.     He   is   the 
uthor  of  Contagion,  Typhoid  in  Water; 
and  Treatment  of  Fractures 


104 


HERRIN'GSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BENJAMIN,  JOHN  FORBES,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  23, 
1817,  in  Cicero,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature  of  Missouri  in 
1850  and  1852;  was  presidential  elector 
in  1856;  and  enlisted  in  the  union  cav 
alry  service  as  a  private  in  1861,  and  was 
subsequently  captain,  major,  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  brigadier-general.  He  was 
provost  marshal  of  the  eighth  district 
of  Missouri  in  1863  and  1864;  was  dele 
gate  at  large  from  Missouri  to  the  Balti 
more  convention  in  1864;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-ninth,  fortieth,  and  forty- 
first  congresses.  He  died  March  8,  1877, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BENJAMIN,  JUDAH  PHILIP,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1811,  in  St. 
Croix,  W.  I.  He  was  a  prominent  New 
Orleans  lawyer  who  became  attorney- 
general  of  the  confederacy  during  the 
civil  war.  At  its  close  he  went  to  Eng 
land,  and  speedily  became  eminent  in  his 
profession  there.  His  Treatise  on  the 
Law  of  Sale  of  Personal  Property  is  the 
standard  work  on  the  subject.  He  died 
May  8,  1884,  in  Paris,  France. 

BENJAMIN,  MARCUS,  editor,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1857,  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal.  In  1867  he  moved  with  his  parents 
to  New  York  city,  and  in  1878  graduated 
In  the  chemical  course  of  the  school  of 
mines  of  Columbia  college.  In  1882  he 
became  editor  of  the  American  Pharma 
cist,  and  subsequently  was  on  the  editori 
al  staff  on  the  Engineering  and  Mining 
Journal.  He  has  been  on  the  editorial 
staff  of  Appleton's  Cyclopedia  of  Ameri 
can  Biography;  Appleton's  Annual  Cy 
clopedia;  Johnson's  Universal  Cyclo 
pedia;  Standard  Dictionary;  and  various 
other  works.  He  is  now  connected  with 
the  United  States  national  museum  of 
Washington,  D.  C. 

BENJAMIN,  NATHAN,  missionary,  re 
former,  was  born  Dec.  14, 1811,  in  Catskill. 
N.  Y.  In  1835  he  was  appointed  as  mis 
sionary  to  Greece  and  Turkey  by  the 
American  board,  and  went  to  Argos  In 
1836.  He  translated  numerous  works  into 
Greek  and  Armenian,  including  Pilgrim's 
Progress  and  D'Aubigny's  Reformation, 
and  also  established  the  first  newspaper 
ever  published  in  the  Armenian  tongue, 
The  Morning  Star,  which  is  still  issued 
He  died  Jan.  27,  1855,  in  Constantinople, 
Turkey. 

BENJAMIN,  PARK,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  13,  1809,  in  British  Guinea. 
He  was  a  journalist  and  poet  of  New  York 
city.  The  Old  Sex 
ton  Is  the  best  re 
membered  example. 
His  poems  were 
chiefly  lyrical,  and 
attracted  world  wide 
attention;  appeared 
jM  ;  in  the  leading  news- 
i  papers  and  maga- 
•  k  I  zlnes  of  America; 
and  subsequently 
were  published  in 
book  form.  His 
son,  Park  Benjamin, 
is  a  noted  lawyer  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
works.  He  died  Sept.  12,  1864,  in  New 
York  city. 

BENJAMIN,  PARK,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  May  11,  1849,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  a  New  York  lawyer  wnose  specialty 
is  patent  law;  and  is  the  author  of  Shak 
ings:  Etchings  for  the  Naval  Academy; 
Wrinkles  and  Receipts:  Suggestions  for 
the  Mechanic,  Engineer,  etc.;  The  Age 
of  Electricity;  The  Intellectual  Rise  in 
Electricity;  and  a  History. 


BENJAMIN,  SAMUEL  GREEN 
WHEELER,  diplomatist,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  13,  1837,  in  Argos,  Greece.  He 
is  a  contributor  to  the  field  of  general 
literature;  and  at  one  period  minister  to 
Persia.  He  ia  the  author  of  Art  in  Amer 
ica;  Contemporary  Art  in  Europe;  'iue 
Atlantic  Islands;  Troy:  its  Legend,  Liter 
ature,  and  Topography;  A  Group  of  Etch 
ers;  Persia  and  the  Persians;  The  Story 
of  Persia;  The  Cruise  of  the  Alice  May 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence;  and  Sea 
Spray,  or  Facts  and  Fancies  of  a  Yachts 
man. 

BENJAMIN,  SAMUEL  NICOLL,  sol 
dier,  educator,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1839,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  brevetted  lieuten 
ant-colonel  in  1865,  and  major  in  1875. 
On  recovery  from  his  wounds  he  became 
assistant  professor  of  mathematics  at  the 
United  States  military  academy.  Col. 
Benjamin  was  one  of  the  very  few  officers 
that  held  the  congressional  medal  for  con 
spicuous  bravery  in  the  field.  He  died 
May  15,  1886,  on  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y. 

BENJAMIN,  WALTER  ROMEYN,  anti 
quarian,  journalist,  was  born  Sept.  24, 
1854,  in  Guilford,  Conn.  In  1874  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  Union  college;  then  studied 
law  three  years;  and  for  eleven  years 
was  connected  with  the  New  York  Sun. 
He  originated  the  special  business  of 
dealing  in  authograph  letters  and  histori 
cal  documents;  and  rescued  from  oblivion 
many  valuable  historical  papers.  In  1887 
he  established  The  Collector,  which  he 
still  edits,  and  in  1897  he  was  historian  of 
the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution. 

BENNER,  GEORGE  JACOB,  educator, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April  13, 
X859,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  was  educated 
at  Pennsylvania  college,  Gettysburg, 
graduating  in  the  class  of  1878.  After 
several  years  devoted  to  teaching  he  was 
admitted  a  member  of  the  Adams  county 
bar  Dec.  31,  1881,  since  which  date  he  has 
followed  the  practice  of  the  law.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

BENNER,  PHILIP,  soldier,  Iron  manu 
facturer,  journalist,  was  born  May  19, 
1762,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He  served  in 
the  revolutionary  war.  In  1794  he  erect 
ed  a  forge,  the  first  in  that  vicinity,  and 
manufactured  iron  during  the  year.  The 
development  of  the  iron  industry  in  the 
western  part  of  Pennsylvania  Is  largely 
due  to  his  enterprise.  He  was  twice  a 
presidential  elector,  notably  on  the  Jack- 
son-Calhoun  ticket  of  1824.  In  1827  he 
established  the  Centre  Democrat  at  Belle- 
fonte,  in  the  interest  of  Gen.  Jackson.  He 
was  major-general  of  the  Pennsylvania 
militia,  and  left  a  valuable  estate.  He 
died  July  27,  1832,  in  Centre  county,  Pa. 

BENNET,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1762.  He  was  a 
baptist  minister;  and  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1815  to 
3819.  He  died  Oct.  8, 1840,  in  Middletown, 
N.  J. 

BENNET,  ORLANDO,  wrecker,  was 
born  Oct.  4,  1818,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  During 
the  civil  war  he  was  employed  by  the 
United  States  government  to  clear  the 
harbors  of  Charleston  and  Savannah  from 
monitors,  torpedoes,  and  other  obstruc 
tions.  By  this  means  a  sea-way  was 
opened  to  supply  Gen.  William  T.  Sher 
man's  army  after  ita  march  to  the  sea. 
He  died  July  10,  1880,  in  Bellport,  N.  Y. 

BENNET,  THOMAS,  governor,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  governer 
of  that  state  from  1820  to  1822. 

BENNETT,  MRS.  ADELINE  G.,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  8,  1848,  in  Warner,  N.  H. 
She  is  a  writer  of  Pipestone  City,  Minn. 


BENNETT,  ALFRED  SILAS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  June  10,  1854, 
in  Dubuque,  Iowa.  He  was  school  super 
intendent  for  Waco  county,  Oregon;  in 
1882  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Oregon 
state  legislature;  and  was  circuit  judge 
in  1882-84.  In  1892  he  was  a  democratic 
candidate  for  supreme  judge  of  Oregon, 
and  a  candidate  for  congress  in  1896  from 
the  second  district. 

BENNETT,  CALEB  P.,  soldier,  govern 
or.  He  was  a  major  In  the  Delaware 
regiment  of  the  revolutionary  army,  and 
was  engaged  at  the  battles  of  Brandywine, 
Germantown,  and  Monmouth.  He  was 
governor  of  Delaware  from  1833  until 
his  death.  He  died  May  7,  1836,  In  Wil 
mington,  Del. 

BENNETT,  CASSIUS  C.,  banker,  state 
senator,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1856,  in  Wash 
ington  county,  Vt.  In  1879  he  engaged  in 
business  in  Portland,  Ore.;  and  in  1883 
settled  in  Pierre,  S.  D.  He  was  elected 
president  of  the  Pierre  savings  bank  in 
1887;  and  in  1888  was  also  made  presi 
dent  of  the  First  National  bank  of  that 
city.  During  1894-96  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  South  Dakota 
slate  senate. 

BENNETT,  CHARLES  GOODWIN,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1863, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
law  firm  of  Daniels  &  Bennett,  of  New- 
York  city;  was  the  unsuccessful  repub 
lican  candidate  for  member  of  the  fifty- 
third  congress;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

BENNETT,  CHARLES  WESLEY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  18,  1828,  in 
East  Bethany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman  prominent  in  educational  mat 
ters;  and  was  the  author  of  National 
Education  in  Italy,  France,  Germany, 
England,  and  Wales,  Popularly  Consid 
ered;  and  Christian  Art  and  Archaeology 
of  the  First  Six  Centuries.  He  died  in 
1S91. 

BENNETT,  DAVID  S.,  congressman, 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

BENNETT,  DE  ROBIQUE  MORTIMER, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1818,  in  Spring 
field,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  noted  freethinker 
who  was  several  times  arrested  and  im 
prisoned  on  account  of  his  extreme  views. 
He  was  the  author  of  the  World's  Reform 
ers;  Champions  of  the  Church;  From  Be 
hind  the  Bars;  An  Infidel  Abroad;  and 
A  Truth  Seeker  Around  the  World.  He 
died  Dec.  6,  1882,  in  New  York  city. 

BENNETT,  EDMUND  HATCH,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  in  1824  in  Ver 
mont.  He  is  a  New  England  jurist,  and 
dfan  of  the  Boston  university  law  school. 
He  is  the  author  of  English  Law  and 
Equity  Reports;  Fire  Insurance  Cases; 
and  Leading  Cases  in  Criminal  Law.  He 
has  also  edited  many  legal  works  6t  im 
portance. 

BENNETT,  EMERSON,  author,  was 
born  March  16,  1822,  in  Monson,  Mass.  He 
is  a  Philadelphia  writer  of  sensational  ro 
mances,  which  have  been  very  popular. 
He  is  the  author  of  Prairie  Flower,  Leni 
Leoti,  which  are  perhaps  the  most  noted 
of  his  fifty  or  more  novels. 

BENNETT,  FRED  A.,  state  bank  ex 
aminer,  was  born  March  1,  1869,  in  Wor 
cester  county,  Mass.  He  graduated  from 
the  state  university  of  Iowa,  and  now 
holds  the  high  office  of  state  bank  ex 
aminer  of  Iowa.  He  is  prominent  in  fra 
ternal  orders,  and  resides  in  Manning, 
Iowa. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BENNETT,  GRANVILLE  G.  soldier 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1833,  in  Butler  coun 
ty,  Ohio.  He  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law  in  1859;  and  served  throughout  the 
war  of  the  rebellion  as  a  commissioned 
officer  in  the  union  army.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  the  Iowa  legislature 
in  1865  for  two  years,  and  to  the  state 
senate  in  1867  for  four  years.  In  1875  he 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  territory  of  Dakota- 
resigned  in  1878  and  was  elected  a  dele 
gate  from  the  territory  of  Dakota  to  the 
forty-sixth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BENNETT,  H.  S,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  7,  1807  in 
Williamson  county,  Tenn.  He  began  to 
practice  law  in  1830,  when  he  removed  to 
Mississippi,  where  he  held  the  office  of 
circuit  judge  for  eight  years.  He  was  a 
representative  from  Mississippi  to  the 
thirty-fourth  congress. 

BENNETT,  HENRY,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1808,  in  New  Lis 
bon,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  congress  as 
a  representative  from  New  York  state  in 
1848,  and  served  continuously  for  ten 
years. 

BENNETT,  HENRY  W.,  clergyman, 
was  born  April  4,  1835,  in  Constableville, 
Y.  In  1862  he  graduated  from  the 
Wesleyan  university  and  received  the 
highest  prize  in  the  senior  class  for  liter 
ary  work.  He  has  filled  the  chair  of 
Latin  in  several  large  institutions;  has 
traveled  extensively  in  Europe,  Egypt  and 
Palestine;  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  the 
methodist  episcopal  church  in  the  north 
ern  New  York  conference,  of  which  con 
ference  he  was  presiding  elder  for  ten 
years. 

BENNETT,  HIRAM  P.,  jurist,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1826, 
in  Carthage,  Maine.  In  1852  he  was  elect 
ed  to  a  judgeship  in  western  Iowa.  He  re 
moved  to  Nebraska  territory  in  1854,  and 
was  at  once  elected  a  member  of  the  ter 
ritorial  council;  in  1858  was  re-elected  to 
the  Nebraska  legislature,  and  made  speak 
er  of  the  house.  He  removed  to  Colorado 
territory  in  1859,  and  was  chosen  a  dele 
gate  therefrom  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress;  and  in  1862  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress.  In  "1867  he  was 
appointed  secretary  of  the  territory  of 
Colorado. 

BENNETT,  JAMES  GORDON,  journalist, 
was  born  Sept.  1,  1795,  in  Scotland.  He 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1819, 
and  in  1835  founded  the  New  York  Her 
ald,  the  first  newspaper  that  published  a 
daily  money  article  and  stock  lists.  He 
was  its  editor  and  proprietor  for  nearly 
forty  years.  He  died  June,  1,  1872,  in 
New  York  city. 

BENNETT,  JAMES  GORDON,  journal 
ist,  was  horn  May  10,  1841,  in  New  York 
city.  He  became  the  proprietor  of  The 
New  York  Herald  upon  the  death  of  his 
father.  He  added  to  the  fame  of  his  paper 
by  publishing  in  England  storm-warnings 
transmitted  from  the  United  States;  by 
fitting  out  the  Jeanette  polar  expedition; 
by  sending  Henry  M.  Stanley  in  search  of 
Livingstone;  and  by  other  similar  enter 
prises.  In  1883  he  associated  himself  with 
John  W.  Mackay  in  forming  the  commer 
cial  cable  company  and  laying  a  new 
cable  between  America  and  Europe,  to 
compete  with  the  combined  English  and 
French  lines. 

BENNETT,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  May,  1839,  in  Sweden. 
He  studied  law,  and  has  pursued  the  pro 
fession  in  Boston.  He  has  been  on  the 
school  board  in  Brighton  and  Boston;  has 


been  a  trial  justice  in  Middlesex  county, 
and  special  justice  in  Brighton  district 
municipal  court.  In  1879  he  was  in  the 
Massachusetts  house  of  representatives, 
and  the  next  year  in  the  state  senate. 

BENNETT,  MILO  LYMAN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  in  1790  in  Sharon, 
Conn.  He  practiced  law  in  Burlington, 
Vt.,  and  was  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
in  1839-59.  He  was  author  of  Vermont 
justice,  and  other  legal  text-books. 

BENNETT,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  legisla- 
torf,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1851,  in  On 
tario,  Canada.  For  three  years  he  was 
probate  judge  of  Grand  Forks  county,  N. 
D.;  alderman  of  Grand  Forks  city  for 
six  years;  and  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention  of  North  Dakota.  He 
now  practices  law  in  Neihart,  Mont., 
where  he  is  also  engaged  in  several  busi 
ness  enterprises. 

BENNETT,  RISDEN  T.,  was  born  June 
18,  1840,  in  Anson  county,  N.  C.  He  en 
tered  the  confederate  army  as  a  private 
April  30,  1861,  and  rose  through  the  sev 
eral  grades  to  the  colonelcy  of  the  four 
teenth  North  Carolina  troops.  He  was 
solicitor  of  Anson  county  in  1866-67;  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  North 
Carolina  in  1872,  and  delegate  to  the  con 
stitutional  convention  of  the  state  in  1875. 
He  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  in 
1880,  and  resigned  to  accept  the  nomina 
tion  for  congress  as  congressman  at  large 
from  North  Carolina;  and  was  elected  to 
the  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  con 
gresses. 

BENNETT,  SAMUEL  FILLMORE, 
soldier,  physician,  author.  For  many 
years  he  practiced  medicine  in  Richmond, 
Wis.  He  served  through  the  civil  war 
in  the  fortieth  regiment  Wisconsin  vol 
unteer  infantry;  and  during  his  service 
compiled  several  popular  pieces,  which 
were  sung  with  great  enthusiasm  by  the 
boys  in  blue.  He  is  the  author  of  the 
popular  song  entitled  In  the  Sweet  By 
and  By. 

BENNETT,  THOMAS  W.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  16, 
1831,  in  Union  county,  Ind.  He  graduated 
at  the  Asbury  university  law  school  in 
1854;  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  senate 
in  1858;  entered  the  union  army  in  1861 
as  a  captain;  served  through  the  war,  and 
became  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Indiana  senate 
in  1864,  serving  four  years;  and  was  elect 
ed  mayor  of  Richmond,  Ind.,  in  1869,  serv 
ing  two  years.  He  was  appointed  govern 
or  of  Idaho  in  1871,  serving  until  Decem 
ber,  1875,  when  he  resigned  to  take  his 
scat  as  a  delegate  from  Idaho  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress. 

BENNETT,  WILLIAM  ZEBINA,  chem 
ist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1856  in 
Montpelier,  Vt.  In  1880  he  became  assist 
ant  professor  of  chemistry,  and  in  1883 
succeeded  to  the  chair  of  natural  sciences 
in  the  university  of  Wooster.  Besides 
numerous  contributions  to  scientific 
periodicals,  he  has  published  A  Plant 
Analysis. 

BENNION.  EMMA,  poet,  was  born  on 
March  13,  1859,  in  Sheldon,  N.  Y.  She  is 
a  writer  of  Strykersville,  N.  Y.;  and  the 
author  of  a-  number  of  meritorious  poems. 

BENSCHOTEN.  HARVEY  LEE  VAN, 
lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1863.  in  Sebewa, 
Mich.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  Indiana,  Michigan  agricultural 
college,  and  the  university  of  Michigan. 
He  is  an  able  lawyer  of  Seeding.  Mich., 
where  he  is  city  attorney,  and  prominent 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and 
state. 


BENSEL,  JAMES  BERRY,  author,  poet 
was  born  Aug.  2,  1856,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  the  author  of  In  the  King's  Gar 
den,  and  Other  Poems;  and  King  Cophe- 
tua's  Wife,  a  .novel.  He  died  Feb.  3  1886 
in  New  York  city. 

BENSON,  EGBERT,  lawyer,  jurist,  con- 
giessman,  was  born  June  21,  1746,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  attorney-general  of 
New  York  from  1780  to  1789;  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1784  to 
1788;  and  a  representative  in  congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1789  to  1793.  He 
was  a  judge  of  the  state  supreme  court 
from  1794  to  1801.  He  was  again  elected 
to  congress  in  1813.  He  died  Aug  24 
1833,  in  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 

BENSON,  EUGENE,  artist,  author,  was 
born  in  1837  in  Hyde  Park,  N.  Y.  He  es 
tablished  his  studio  in  Florence  in  1871, 
and  removed  to  Rome  in  1883.  Among 
the  better  known  of  his  pictures  are 
Cloud  Towers;  Strayed  Maskers;  Ba 
zaar  at  Cairo;  Study  of  Girl  in  Blue;  Art 
and  Love;  Afternoon  on  the  Lagoon;  and 
Ariadne.  Mr.  Benson  has  been  a  frequent 
contributor  to  periodicals,  and  has  pub 
lished  two  books  entitled  Gaspara  Stam- 
pa;  the  Story  of  Her  Life,  and  Art  and 
Nature  in  Italy. 

BENSON,  HENRY  C.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1815  near  Xenia,  Ohio. 
He  was  editor  of  the  Pacific  Christian  Ad 
vocate  at  Portland,  Ore.,  from  1864  to  1868, 
in  which  year  he  became  editor  of  the 
California  Advocate.  For  several  years 
he  labored  among  the  Choctaw  Indians  as 
a  missionary,  and  he  has  related  his  ex 
periences  in  a  book  called  Life  Among  the 
Choctaws. 

BENSON,     SAMUEL     PAGE,     lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1804 
in  Winthrop,  Maine.     In  1825  he  gradu- 
iilcil     from     llowdoiii 
^^l^_  i   college;    and  acquir- 

^^    ^8^  ed     prominence      as 

t  j   one  of  the     leading 

L  ^^    M          lawyers       of       New 
England.       He     was 
V  w-  elected  a  member  of 

the  Maine  state 
legislature;  served 
in  tie  state  senate; 
and  for  several 
years  was  secretary 
of  the  state  of 
Maine.  He  served 
with  distinction  in  the  thirty-third  con 
gress,  and  received  the  re-election  to  the 
thirty-fourth,  and  served  as  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  naval  affairs. 


BENT,  SILAS,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Massachusetts.  In  1813  he  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  territory  of 
Missouri.  His  name  was  given  to  a  well- 
known  frontier  post  and  military  fort. 

BENTEEN,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
army  officer,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1834,  in 
Petersburg,  Va.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  in  the  civil  war 
during  1861-65;  and 
was  colonel  of  the 
United  States  volun 
teers.  He  has  been 
brigadier  general  of 
the  Missouri  militia; 
and  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  of 
the  United  States 
army.  He  now  re 
sides  in  Atlanta, 
Ga.;  where  he  takes 
an  active  part  in  the 

business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city. 
His  services  in  the  army  have  made  him 
very  popular  throughout  the  Un'te'rt 
States. 


106 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BENTLEY,  CHARLES  EUGENE,  cler 
gyman,  prohibitionist,  was  born  April  30, 
1841,  near  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  This  eminent 
baptist  clergyman  of  Lincoln,  Neb.,  has 
been  chairman  of  the  prohibition  state 
committee  of  Nebraska,  and  had  official 
charge  of  the  great  amendment  campaign 
of  1890.  He  has  been  his  party  candi 
date  for  governor  and  United  States 
senator,  and  was  formally  endorsed  as 
Nebraska's  choice  for  president  in  the 
campaign  of  1896. 

BENTLEY,  EDWIN,  physician,  was 
born  July  3,  1824,  in  Connecticut.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war  as  surgeon,  and 
in  1886  was  post-surgeon  at  Fort  Brown, 
Texas.  He  was  professor  of  anatomy  in 
the  Pacific  medical  college  of  California 
and  has  been  professor  of  surgery  in  the 
Industrial  university  of  Arkansas  since 
its  organization. 

BENTLEY,  HENRY  W..  orator,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  and  financier, 
was  born  Sept.  30,  1838,  in  DeRuyter, 
N.  Y.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  Morris- 
ville,  and  subse 
quently  attended 
Yates  Polytechnic 
Institute  at  Chitten- 
ango,  and  Judds' 
private  school  at 
Berkshire.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  taught 
school  in  New  York 
and  Illinois,  and  in 
1861  was  admitted  to 

the  bar.  He  then  opened  an  office  in 
Boonville,  N.  Y.,  where  he  has  attained 
eminence  as  one  of  the  leading  lawyers 
of  his  native  state.  In  1890  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-second  congress  of  the 
United  States,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
the  deliberations  of  that  body,  and  was  a 
prominent  advocate  for  a  ship  canal  from 
the  great  lakes  to  the  Hudson.  He  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Flower  as  com 
missioner  to  investigate  the  charges 
pending  for  the  removal  of  Sheriff  Beck; 
and  in  1894  he  was  appointed  as  surro 
gate  of  Oneida  county,  and  filled  that 
office  with  distfhction.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  democratic  national  conven 
tion  at  Chicago  in  1896,  and  was  most 
pronounced  in  opposition  to  the  free  sil 
ver  platform.  He  has  been  four  times 
elected  president  of  Boonville;  is  vice- 
president  of  the  First  national  bank  of 
that  city,  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

BENTON,  CHARLES  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maine.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from  1843 
to  1849. 

BENTON,  GUY  POTTER,  educator,  was 
born  May  26,  1865,  in  Kenton,  Ohio.  He 
graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  uni 
versity  of  Delaware.  For  five  years  he 
was  superintendent  of  city  schools  in  Fort 
Scott,  Kan.;  and  served  one  term  as  as 
sistant  state  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  of  Kansas.  This  popular  edu 
cator  fills  the  chair  of  history  and  so 
ciology  in  the  Baker  university  of  Bald 
win,  Kan. 

BENTON,  HERBERT  E.,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  July  31,  1849,  in  Morris, 
Conn.  He  became  night  editor  of  the 
New  Haven  Daily  Palladium,  in  which  ca 
pacity  he  served  until  his  appointment  as 
editor-in-chief  in  1880.  He  served  two 
years  as  a  councilman,  four  years  as  al 
derman,  and  six  years  as  police  commis 
sioner. 


BENTON,  JACOB,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1819,  in 
Waterford,  Vt.  In  1854-56  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Chicago  convention  of  1860; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  Hampshire  to  the  fortieth  and  forty- 
first  congresses. 

BENTON,  JAMES  GILCHRIST,  soldier, 
inventor,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1820,  in  Leb 
anon,  N.  H.  He  was  brevetted  colonel 
U.  S.  army  in  1865;  designed  ordnance 
appliances;  discovered  use  of  electricity 
to  determine  velocity;  and  wrote  A 
Course  of  Instruction  in  Ordnance  and 
Gunnery.  He  commanded  the  national 
armory  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  until  his 
death.  He  died  Aug.  23,  1881,  in  Spring 
field,  Mass. 

BENTON,  JOEL,  author,  was  born  May 
29,  1832,  in  Amenia,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  verse- 
writer  and  critic  and  the  author  of  Un 
der  the  Apple  Boughs,  a  collection  of 
verse;  and  Emerson  as  a  Poet. 

BENTON,  MAECENAS  E.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1849.  in  Obion 
county,  Tenn.  Beginning  with  1872  (with 
three  exceptions)  he  has  been  a  delegate 
to  every  democratic  state  convention  held 
in  Missouri,  and  was  president  of  the 
conventions  held  in  1890  and  189G.  He 
was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  in  1878 
and  in  1880,  and  declined  re-election  in 
1882;  was  attorney  of  the  United  States 
from  March,  1885,  to  July,  1889;  and  is 
the  original  offensive  partisan  who  was 
charged  with  pernicious  activity  in  poli 
tics.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of  the 
democratic  state  committee  for  the  state 
at  large;  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
democratic  convention  held  in  Chicago  in 
1896,  and  was  a  member  of  the  committee 
on  credentials  in  that  body.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

BENTON,  MORTIMER  MURRAY,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  in  1807,  in 
Benton,  N.  Y.  He  represented  Kenton 
county  in  the  lower  house  of  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature  from  1863  to  1865;  was 
then  elected  to  the  senate  at  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term. 

BENTON,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  South 
Carolina  from  1793  to  1798. 

BENTON,  THOMAS  HART,  statesman, 
author,  was  Born  March  14,  1782,  in  Hills- 
borough.  N  C.  He  is  an  eminent  states 
man  who  represent 
ed  Missouri  in  the 
United  States  sen 
ate  for  thirty  years; 
removed  to  Tennes 
see;  became  an  at 
torney;  was  elected 
for  one  term  to  the 
I  Kentucky  legisla- 
J  ture;  served  with 
his  regiment  in  the 
war  of  1812;  began 
law  practice  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  in  1813: 
established  the  Missouri  Inquirer;  killed 
an  opponent  in  a  duel;  was  elected  U.  S. 
senator  from  Missouri  in  1820,  and  was 
continuously  re-elected  for  thirty  years; 
was  elected  member  of  congress  in  1852. 
His  political  writing  is  notable  for  its 
simple,  direct  style  and  absence  of  in 
vective.  He  is  the  author  of  Speeches; 
Thirty  Years'  View;  History  of  the  Work 
ings  of  Congress,  1820-50:  and  Abridg 
ment  of  the  Debates  of  Congress,  1789- 
1856.  He  died  April  10,  1858,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

BENTON,  WILLIAM  PLUMMER,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Dec.  25.  1828.  in  Newmar 


ket,  Md.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1851,  in  1852  appointed  prosecuting  attor 
ney,  and  in  1856  made  judge  of  the  com 
mon  pleas  court.  When  Fort  Sumter  was 
fired  upon.  Judge  Benton  was  the  first 
man  in  Wayne  county  to  respond  to  me 
president's  call  for  75,000  men.  He  com 
manded  a  brigade  at  Pea  Ridge,  and  was 
promoted  to  brigadier-general  for  gal 
lantry.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Port 
Gibson,  Jackson,  Champion  Hills,  Black 
River  Bridge,  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and 
Mobile.  He  died  March  14.  1867.  in  New 
Orleans,  La. 

BERARD,  AUGUSTA  BLANCHE,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1824,  in  West 
Point,  N.  Y.  She  is  an  educational  writer 
of  West  Point,  and  the  author  of  School 
History  of  the  United  States;  School 
History  of  England:  Manual  of  Spanish 
Art  and  Literature;  and  Reminiscences 
of  West  Point  in  the  Olden  Time. 

BERARD.  CLAUDIUS,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  21,  1786,  in  Bor- 
leaux,  France.  He  arrived  in  New  York 
in  the  spring  of  1807,  and  soon  afterward 
became  professor  of  ancient  languages  in 
Dickinson  college  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  where 
he  remained  until  his  appointment,  in 
1815,  as  professor  of  French  in  the  U.  S. 
military  academy  at  West  Point.  He  held 
this  chair  until  his  death,  a  period  of  over 
thirty-three  years.  He  died  May  6,  1848, 
at  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

BERESFORD,  RICHARD,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  continental  congress  from  1783 
to  1785. 

BERG,  ALBERT,  soldier,  journalist, 
public  official,  was  born  June  25,  1861,  in 
Centre  City,  Minn.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Carleton  college  of  Northfleld,  Minn.; 
and  for  three  years  studied  at  Gustavus 
Adolphus  college  of  St.  Peter.  For  three 
years  he  was  engaged  in  journalistic 
work  on  the  Fargo  Argus;  and  in  1886 
was  elected  register  of  deeds  for  Chisago 
county,-  serving  for  eight  years.  In  1892 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  repub 
lican  convention;  and  in  1894  was  elected 
secretary  of  state  of  Minnesota,  receiving 
the  re-election  in  1896. 

BERG,  JOSEPH  FREDERICK,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1812,  on  the  isl 
and  of  Antigua.  He  was  a  Dutch  re 
formed  clergyman  of  Philadelphia  and  a 
once  noted  controversialist.  He  was  the 
author  of  Lectures  on  Romanism;  and 
Rome's  Policy  towards  the  Bible.  He  died 
July  20,  1871,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

BERG,  LOUIS  DE  COPPET,  architect, 
engineer,  author,  was  born  in  1856.  He  Is 
an  architect  and  civil  engineer  of  New 
York  city,  and  has  published  a  valuable 
work  on  Safe  Building. 

BERGEN,  CHRISTOPHER  AUGUST 
US,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  2,  1841,  in  Bridge  Point,  N.  J.  He 
was  educated  at  Harlingen  school,  at 
Edge  Hill  classical  school,  and  at  Prince 
ton  college,  graduating  from  the  academic 
department  in  1863;  studied  law,  and  was 
licensed  by  the  supreme  court  of  New 
Jersey  as  an  attorney  at  law  November, 
1866,  and  as  a  counselor  at  law  November. 
1869.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  and 
fifty-second  congresses  as  a  republican. 

BERGEN,  FANNY  DICKERSON,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1846,  In 
Mansfield,  Ohio.  Mrs.  Bergen  has  drama 
tized  Longfellow's  poem  of  Miles  Stand- 
ish  (Boston,  1883).  She  is  a  regular  con 
tributor  to  the  American  Teacher  and 
the  Journal  of  Education,  and  has  writ 
ten  for  other  periodicals. 

BERGEN,  JOHN  T.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Xi'\v  York  from  1831  to  1833. 


HEKRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


107 


BERGEN,  JOSEPH  YOUNG,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  22.  1851,  in  Red 
Beach,  Maine.  He  became  professor  of 
natural  sciences  in  Lombard  university, 
becoming,  in  1883,  principal  of  the  Pea- 
body  (Mass.)  high  school.  He  is  a  regu 
lar  contributor  to  the  Journal  of  Educa 
tion,  and  has  written  for  the  Engineering 
and  Mining  Journal.  He  is  joint  author 
with  his  wife  of  The  Development  Theo 
ry:  the  Study  of  Evolution  simplified  for 
General  Readers. 

BERGEN,  TEUNIS  G.,  soldier,  survey 
or,  horticulturist,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  6,  1806,  in  Gowanus,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1846;  was  supervisor  of  the 
town  of  New  Utrecht  for  twenty-three 
years;  served  in  all  the  grades,  from  ser 
geant  to  colonel,  in  the  state  militia;  was 
a  member  of  the  Charleston  and  Balti 
more  conventions  of  1860;  and  was,  in 
1864,  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

BERGH,  HENRY,  philanthropist,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  8,  1823,  in  New  York 
city,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  New  York  philan 
thropist  who  founded  the  American  So 
ciety  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Animals.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Streets  of  New  York,  a  volume  of  sketch 
es;  Love's  Alternative,  a  drama;  and 
Married  Off,  a  poem.  He  died  March  12, 
3888,  in  New  York  city. 

BERGHMANN,  CHARLES,  musical  di 
rector,  was  born  in  1821  in  Germany.  For 
a  time  he  was  conductor  of  German  opera, 
officiated  as  the  musical  head  of  the  Arion 
singing  society,  and  became  alternate 
conductor  of  the  Philharmonic.  He  died 
Aug.  10,  1876,  in  New  York  city. 

BERGHOFF.  JOHN  T.,  physician,  sur 
geon,   inventor,  was  born   Nov.   17,  1823, 
In  Germany.    After  studying  pharmacy  he 
j-^^—,------—-—..      emigrated      to      the 

United  States  in 
1846.  In  1850  he 
opened  a  drug  store 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.; 
studied  medicine  in 
the  St.  Louis  medi 
cal  college;  and  in 
1860  continued  the 
practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  St.  Jo 
seph,  Mo.  He  served 
as  a  surgeon  in  the 
union  army  during 
the  civil  war.  He  held  the  position  of 
professor  of  the  principles,  and  practice 
of  surgery  in  the  Northwestern  medical 
college  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  from  1879  un 
til  his  death.  He  invented  a  universal 
apparatus  or  splint  for  the  treatment  of 
fracture  of  the  leg,  injuries  and  diseases 
of  the  hip,  knee,  and  ankle  joints.  He 
delivered  numerous  papers  before  the 
Missouri  state  medical  association,  and 
other  medical  societies. 

BERHOWITZ,  HENRY,  rabbi,  founder, 
and  chancellor,  was  born  March  18,  1857, 
in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  is  rabbi  and  founder 
of  the  Jewish  Chautauqua  society;  and 
the  author  of  Judaism  and  the  Social 
Question;  First  and  Second  Hebrew 
Readers;  Bible  Ethics;  Pulpit  Message; 
and  The  Open  Bible. 

BERNARD,  FRANCIS,  colonial  gover 
nor,  was  born  in  1714  in  England.  He 
came  to  America  in  1758  as  governor  of 
New  Jersey,  but  in  1769  returned  to  Eng 
land.  He  was  the  author  of  Select  Let 
ters  on  the  Trade  and  Government  of 
America;  and  Principles  of  Law  and  Pol 
ity  Applied  to  the  Government  of  the 
British  Colonies  in  America.  He  died 
June  16,  1799. 


BERNAYS,  AUGUSTUS  CHARLES, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1854, 
in  Highland,  111.  In  1883  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  anatomy  in  the  St.  Louis  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  Dr.  Bernays 
is  the  author  of  two  embryological  mono 
graphs — one  on  the  development  of  the 
valves  of  the  heart,  and  one  on  the  de 
velopment  of  the  knee-joint  and  joints 
in  general;  and  also  of  a  series  of  sur 
gical  papers,  under  the  title  of  Chips  from 
a  Surgeon's  Workshop. 

BERNHARDT,  WILHELM,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  9,  1849,  in  Halle, 
Germany.  Since  1881  he  has  been  head 
of  the  German  department  in  the  Cen 
tral  high  school  of  Washington,  D.  C.; 
and  since  1892  director  of  German  in 
struction  in  the  high  schools  of  that  city. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  series  of  German 
text-books  for  schools  and  colleges,  and 
during  the  summer  lectures  on  German 
literature  in  the  Amherst  Summer  School 
of  Languages. 

BERNHEIM,  GOTTHARDT  DELL- 
MAN,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1827.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergyman  at  Phil- 
lipsburg,  N.  J.,  and  the  author  of  The 
Success  of  God's  Work;  Localities  of  the 
Reformation;  and  History  of  the  German 
Settlements  in  North  and  South  Carolina. 

BERNHISEL,  JOHN  M.,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  June  23,  1799,  in 
Cumberland  county,  Pa.  He  graduated 
in  the  medical  department  of  Pennsyl 
vania  university;  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  medicine.  He  was  elected  a 
delegate  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress  from 
the  territory  of  Utah;  and  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-sixth  and  thirty-seventh  con 
gresses. 

BERNON,  GABRIEL.  He  was  a  French 
Huguenot,  who  resided  in  Providence,  R. 
I.  He  founded  the  three  first  episcopal 
churches  in  America— one  in  Virginia, 
one  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  and  St.  John's 
church  in  Providence,  R.  I.  History  states 
that  the  first  English  prayer  book  in 
America  was  brought  here  a'nd  owned  by 
Gabriel  Bernon. 

BERRIAN,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1787,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  who  was 
rector  of  Trinity  church,  New  York  city, 
1830-62.  He  was  the  author  of  Travels  in 
France  and  Italy;  Devotions  for  the  Sick 
Room;  On  Communion;  Enter  thy  Clos 
et;  The  Sailors'  Manual;  Recollections  of 
Departed  Friends;  Family  and  Private 
Prayers;  and  Historical  Sketch  of  Trin 
ity  Church.  He  died  Nov.  7.  1862.  in  New 
York  city. 

BERRIEN,  JOHN  McPHERSON,  was 
born  Aug.  23,  1781,  in  New  Jersey.  In 
1809  he  was  elected  solicitor- general  of 
Georgia,  and  the 
next  year  judge  of 
the  eastern  circuit. 
During  the  war  of 
1812  he  had  com 
mand  of  a  regiment 
of  volunteer  caval 
ry;  and  served  in 
the  state  legislature 
for  several  years. 
In  1824  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  United 
States  senate,  where 
he  remained  until 
1829,  when  he  took  a  seat  in  the  cabinet 
of  President  Jackson  as  attorney-general. 
In  1840  he  was  again  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  for  six  years.  In  1845  he 
was  elected  one  of  the  judges  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Georgia;  and  in  1847  was 
once  more  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate,  resigning  his  seat  in  May.  1852. 
He  died  Jan.  1,  1856,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 


BERRY,  A.  MOORE,  lawyer,  financier, 
was  born  Dec.  5,  1849,  in  Greenville,  S.  C. 
He  was  law  reporter  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals  for  twelve  years  in  St.  Louis,  and 
during  his  incumbency  of  that  office  he 
prepared  and  published  twenty-eight  vol 
umes  of  Missouri  Appeal  Reports.  He  is 
president  of  the  Southern  Saving-Fund 
and  Loan  company. 

BERRY,  ABRAHAM  J.,  physician,  was 
born  in  1799  in  New  York  city.  At  the 
time  of  the  desolation  of  New  York  by 
Asiatic  cholera  in  1832,  he  was  among 
the  few  that  remained  at  the  post  of  duty. 
For  more  than  a  century  a  considerable 
part  of  Williamsburg,  now  Brooklyn,  had 
belonged  to  his  family.  He  identified 
himself  with  the  interests  of  the  place 
when  it  was  made  a  city,  and  became  its 
first  mayor.  He  also  assisted  very  mate 
rially  in  the  establishment  of  the  im 
portant  ferries  connecting  with  New 
York.  In  1861  Dr.  Berry,  although  over 
sixty  years  of  age,  went  out  as  surgeon 
of  the  thirty-eighth  New  York  infantry. 
He  died  Oct.  22,  1865,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BERRY,  ALBERT  SEATON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Campbell  coun 
ty,  Ky.  He  was  educated  at  Miami  uni 
versity,  Oxford,  Ohio,  and  attended  Cin 
cinnati  law  school.  He  served  two  terms 
in  the  state  senate  and  five  terms  as  may 
or  of  Newport.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

BERRY,  CAMPBELL  P.,  was  born  Nov. 
7,  1834,  in  Jackson  county,  Ala.  He  re 
moved  to  Arkansas  in  1841,  and  thence  to 
California  in  1857;  and  graduated  at  the 
Methodist  college  of  Vacaville,  Cal.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1869,  1871,  1875,  and  1877,  and  the 
last  term  was  speaker  of  the  house.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Cali 
fornia  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty-sev 
enth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

BERRY,  JAMES  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  May  15,  1841,  in  Jackson  county, 
Ala.  He  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1848; 
entered  the  confederate  army  in  1861  as 
second  lieutenant  sixteenth  Arkansas  in 
fantry;  and  lost  a  leg  at  the  battle  of 
Corinth,  Miss.,  Oct.  4,  1862.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature  of  Arkansas  in  1866; 
was  re-elected  in  1872;  was  elected  speak 
er  of  the  house  at  the  extraordinary  ses 
sion  of  1874;  was  president  of  the  demo 
cratic  state  convention  in  1876;  and  was 
elected  judge  of  the  circuit  court  in  1878. 
He  was  elected  governor  in  1882;  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
democrat,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1889  and  1895.  His  term  of  ser 
vice  will  expire  March  3,  1901. 

BERRY,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  April  26,  1833,  in  Crawford 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  the 
common  schools,  and  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
university;  and  graduated  at  the  law 
school  of  Cincinnati  college.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1857;  practiced  his 
profession  at  Upper  Sandusky;  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Wyandot  county  in 
1862,  and  again  in  1864;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

BERRY,  LUCIEN  W.,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  1815,  in  Alburg,  Vt.  At 
the  age  of  thirty-four  he  was  elected 
president  of  Indiana  Asbury  (DePauw) 
university  for  six  years;  resigned  in  1855, 
and  accepted  the  presidency  of  the  Iowa 
Wesleyan  university.  After  three  years 
here  he  resigned  and  entered  into  the 
project  of  founding  a  methodiet  college  at 
Jefferson  City,  Mo.  He  died  July  23,  1858, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


108 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BERRY,  NATHANIEL  S.,  statesman. 
He  was  governor  of  New  Hampshire  for 
two  years,  from  1861  to  1863,  taking  an 
active  interest  in  raising  troops  for  the 
war  of  the  rebellion. 

BERRY,  ORVILLE  E.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1852,  in  Mc- 
Donough  county,  111.  In  1883  he  was  elect 
ed  mayor  of  Carthage,  and  wss  twice  re- 
elected  without  opposition.  He  was  sec 
retary  of  the  Hancock  county  agricultural 
board  for  four  years.  He  has  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
state  senate,  and  is  a  noted  parliamenta 
rian. 

BERRY,  WILLIAM  FRANKLIN,  rail 
road  manager,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1844,  in 
Riddeford,  Maine.  He  is  the  second  vice- 
president  In  charge  of  traffic  of  the  Bos 
ton  and  Maine  railroad.  For  thirty-five 
years  he  has  been  engaged  in  railro:><l 
work,  commencing  as  freight  clerk  and 
working  his  way  through  all  grades  to  his 
present  position. 

BERTRAM,  GEORGE  WEBB,  lawyer, 
Jurist,  was  born  March  21,  1847,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  attended  the  common  schools 
and  the  agricultural  college  of  Manhat 
tan,  Kan.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier 
during  the  civil  war  in  company  B, 
eighteenth  regiment  Kansas  cavalry.  For 
two  years  he  was  attorney  for  Mitchell 
county,  Kan.;  and  during  1890-94  was 
judge  of  the  seventeenth  judicial  district 
court  of  Kansas.  He  Is  a  prominent  mem 
ber  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Knights  Templars,  and 
other  fraternal  bodies. 

BERWALD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  musi 
cian,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1864,  in  Germany. 
He  was  conductor  of  orchestra  and  cho 
rus  for  two  years  In  Russia,  after  which, 
in  1892,  he  came  to  America  and  entered 
the  Syracuse  university  as  instructor 
upon  the  piano  and  professor  in  the  his 
tory  of  theory  of  music.  In  1893  he  was 
made  full  professor. 

BESHOAR,  MICHAEL,  physician,  leg 
islator,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1833, 
uear  Miffiintown,  Pa.  He  attended  the 
Tuscarora  academy, 
Philadelphia  and 
Jefferson  medical 
colleges,  medical  de 
partments  of  the 
universities  of  Penn- 
^  sylvanla  and  Michi 
gan,  graduating 
from  the  latter  in 
stitution  in  1833.  He 
was  a  representative 
in  the  legislatures  of 
Arkansas,  and  the 
territory  (and  later 
the  state)  of  Colorado.  He  was  surgeon 
in  the  Arkansas  state  militia,  surgeon  of 
the  provisional  (and  later  the  regular 
army)  of  the  confederacy;  and  filled  nu 
merous  other  public  offices  as  a  physician. 
He  was  county  judge  for  seven  years; 
county  superintendent  of  schools  for  two 
terms;  founder  and  editor  of  the  Pueblo 
Chieftain  in  1868;  founder  and  present 
editor  and  owner  of  the  Dally  Advertiser 
of  Trinidad,  Colo.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Pan-American  medical  congress. 

BESSEY,  CHARLES  EDWIN,  botanist, 
author,  was  born  May  21,  1845,  in  Milton, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  botanical  professor  In  the 
university  of  Nebraska,  and  the  author  of 
Geography  of  Iowa;  Botany  for  High 
Schools  and  Colleges;  and  The  Essentials 
of  Botany. 

BESSON.  SAMUEL  AUSTIN,  lawyer, 
was  born  April  6,  1853,  in  Everittstown, 
N.  J.  In  1882  he  was  appointed  corpora 
tion  counsel  of  the  city  of  Hoboken;  and 
In  1889  was  chosen  presidfnt  of  the  Hud 
son  county  bar  association. 


BESSONIES,  MONSIGNOR  JOHN 
FRANCIS  AUGUST  DE,  V.  G.  R.  P., 
priest,  was  born  June  17,  1815,  in  France. 
In  1840  he  was  ordained  a  priest  at  Vin- 
cennes,  Ind.  He  has  been  pastor  at  Leo 
pold,  Ind.;  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.;  and  Jef 
ferson,  Ind.;  and  of  St.  John's,  Indianapo 
lis,  Ind.  He  was  appointed  vicar-general 
of  the  diocese  of  Vincennes  in  1872;  was 
nominated  Roman  prelate  in  1884;  and 
elected  administrator  of  the  diocese  of 
Vincennes  in  1887. 

BEST,  EVA,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Dec.  19.  1851,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  She 
is  the  author  of  several  dramas  entitled 
An  American  Princess;  Sands  of  Egypt; 
A  Rhine  Crystal;  and  is  the  author  of  nu 
merous  short  stories  and  poems. 

BEST,  PHILIP,  brewer,  was  born  Sept. 
26,  1814,  in  Germany.  He  located  in 
Milwaukee,  and,  together  with  his  father 
and  three  brothers,  he  established  the  fa 
mous  brewery  of  Philip  Best  and  Co.  He 
was  for  many  years  major-general  of  the 
Wisconsin  state  militia.  He  died  in  1869 
in  Bavaria. 

BEST,  SUSIE  MONTGOMERY,  educa 
tor,  poet,  was  born  in  Ireland.  She  is  the 
author  of  nearly  two  thousand  poems; 
;md  a  volume  in  verse  entitled  The  Fallen 
Fillar  Saint. 

BETHUNE,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  March, 
1805,  in  New  York.  He  was  a  Dutch  re 
formed  clergyman  of  Brooklyn  of  con 
siderable  note  as  a  preacher.  He  was  the 
author  of  Orations  and  Discourses;  Fruits 
oT  the  Spirit;  History  of  a  Penitent;  and 
Lays  of  Love  and  Faith,  a  volume  of 
verse,  are  some  of  his  works.  He  was  an 
ardent  fisherman,  and  edited  Walton's 
Complete  Angler.  He  died  April  27,  1862, 
in  Florence,  Italy. 

BETHUNE,  LAUGHLIN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  for 
several  years  a  senator  in  the  state  legis 
lature,  and  from  1831  to  1833  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  Cumberland  coun 
ty,  N.  C. 

BETHUNE,  THOMAS  GREEN,  musi 
cian,  was  born  May  25,  1849,  near  Colum 
bus,  Ga.  He  was  blind  from  birth,  and 
known  as  Blind  Tom.  He  was  born  a 
slave.  At  the  age  of  five  he  was  fa 
miliar  with  the  piano.  He  made  his  first 
public  appearance  in  1858,  and  made  suc 
cessful  tours  of  the  United  States  and 
Europe. 

BETTON,  SILAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1764.  He  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  college  in  1787,  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1803  to  1807;  and  held  the  office  of 
sheriff  of  Rockingham  county  for  several 
years.  He  died  in  1822  in  Salem,  N.  H. 

BETTS,  B.  FRANK,  educator,  was  born 
Dec.  1,  1845,  in  Warminster,  Pa.  He  has 
held  a  professorship  in  the  Hahnemann 
Medical  college  of  Philadelphia  since 
1873.  He  is  consulting  gynecologist  to 
the  Homoeopathic  hospital  of  Wilming 
ton,  Del.,  and  to  the  out-patent  depart 
ment  of  the  Children's  Homoeopathic  hos 
pital  of  Philadelphia. 

BETTS,  BEVERLEY  ROBINSON, 
clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
August,  1827,  in  New  York  city,  N.  Y. 
He  was  successively  rector  of  several 
churches  until  1865,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  librarian  of  Columbia.  Of  the 
large  library  of  that  college  he  prepared  a 
full  catalogue.  He  has  been  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  church  journals,  and 
for  many  years  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
New  York  Genealogical  and  Biographical 
Record. 


BETTS,  CRAVEN  LANGSTROTH,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1853  in  New 
Brunswick.  He  was  the  author  of  Songs 
from  Bfiranger;  The  Perfume  Holder;  A 
Persian  Love  Poem;  and  co-author  with 

A.  W.  H.  Eaton  of  Tales  of  a  Garrison 
Town. 

BETTS,  FREDERIC  HENRY,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  March  8,  1843,  in  New- 
burg,  N.  Y.  In  1872  he  was  chosen  con 
sul  for  the  New  York  state  insurance  de 
partment;  in  1873  was  lecturer  on  patent  • 
law  in  the  law  department  of  the  Yale 
university;  and  in  1879  published  a 
pamphlet  on  Policy  of  Patent  Law.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  The  Life 
of  Joseph  Henry. 

BETTS,  FREDERICK,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1859,  in  Hillsdale 
county,  Mich.  He  received  the  degree  of 

B.  A.  from  the  University  of  Michigan; 
and  has  attained  success  as  one  of    the 
foremost  lawyers  of  the  west  of  Pueblo, 
Colo.     During  1888-92  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  state  senator  in  the  Colorado 
legislature. 

BETTS,  SAMUEL  ROSSITER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June  8,  1787, 
in  Richmond,  Mass.  He  took  part  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  was  appointed  judge  ad 
vocate.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1815  to  1817; 
in  1823  was  appointed  a  circuit  judge  for 
the  state;  and  in  1826  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
for  the  southern  district  of  New  York, 
which  office  he  continued  to  hold  until 
May,  1867.  He  was  the  author  of  Admir 
alty  Practice.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1868,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

BETTS,  THADDEUS,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  Norwalk,  Conn.  He 
was  at  one  time  lieutenant-governor  of 
Connecticut,  and  was  an  influential  mem 
ber  of  the  United  States  senate  from  1839 
to  the  date  of  his  death.  He  died  April 
8,  1840,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BETZ,  JOHN  FREDERICK,  brewer, 
was  born  April  8,  1831,  in  Germany.  His 
properties  are  the  Riverside  Mansion,  Ly 
ceum  theater,  Grand  opera  house,  and  the 
huge  Betz  building  on  South  Broad 
street;  and  he  is  also  connected  with  The 
Germania  Brewing  company,  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

BEVAN,  PHILIP,  poet.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  writer  of  Martinsburg,  Ind.;  and 
the  author  of  Woman  Lost  and  Gained; 
and  Songs  of  the  War  for  the  Union. 

BEVERIDGE,  JOHN,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  in  Scotland.  In  1752  he  came 
to  Boston  and  six  years  later  removed 
to  Philadelphia  to  accept  the  chair  of 
languages  in  the  college  and  academy, 
which  was  the  real  nucleus  of  the  present 
university  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1765  he 
published  a  collection  of  Latin  poems. 

BEVERIDGE,  JOHN  L.,  lawyer,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  July  6,  1824,  in  Green 
wich,  N.  Y.  From  1846  to  1S51  he  taught 
school  in  Tennessee  and  read  law;  he 
practiced  in  Chicago;  he  served  four  years 
in  the  union  army  as  major  and  colonel 
of  cavalry;  and  was  sheriff  of  Cook  coun 
ty,  111.,  two  years;  he  was  elected  state 
senator  in  1870;  and  was  elected  to 
fill  a  vacancy  in  the  forty-second  con 
gress;  he  was  elected  governor  of  Illinois 
in  1873  for  the  term  of  four  years. 

BEVERLEY,  ROBERT,  author,  was 
born  about  1675  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
writer  whose  one  work  a  History  of  the 
Present  State  of  Virginia,  1705,  is  full  of 
life  and  vigor;  in  it  occurs  the  phrase 
"the  almighty  power  of  gold,"  which  an 
ticipates  Irving's  "almighty  dollar."  He 
died  in  1716. 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


109 


BEVINS,  PHILIP  DENISON,  educator, 
journalist,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1862,  in  Pike 
county,  Ky.  He  received  a  thorough  ed 
ucation  and  graduated  from  the  State  Col 
lege  of  Lexington,  Ky.  He  has  attained 
success  in  educational  work;  has  been 
county  teachers'  examiner;  and  during 
1894-97  was  superintendent  of  schools  of 
Pike  county,  Ky.  He  was  one  of  the  or 
ganizers  of  the  first  teachers'  associations 
in  his  county;  and  has  been  instrumental 
in  the  enactment  of  better  educational 
laws  in  the  Kentucky  state  legislature. 

BEVIS,  MRS.  S.  HAZLETT,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  July  17,  1846,  in 
Zanesville,  Ohio.  As  a  journalist,  she  has 
attained  fame  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where 
she  organized  the  Woman's  Press  club; 
and  was  its  first  president.  She  has  pub 
lished  a  volume  of  poems;  and  is  the 
author  of  biographical  and  other  works. 

BEUTGEN,  PETEE  JOHN,  missionary, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1861,  in  Te- 
cumseh,  Canada.  He  graduated  from  the 
normal  school  In  Canada;  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  United 
States  in  1886.  He  afterward  studied 
theology  at  the  Louvln  university,  Bel 
gium;  and  was  ordained  priest.  He  be 
came  a  missionary  In  Oregon  and  Texas; 
built  the  most  westerly  church  in  the 
United  States  at  Cape  Blanco,  and  two 
other  churches  in  Oregon.  He  built  the 
Ursulian  convent  in  Laredo,  and  St.  Pe 
ter's  church  in  the  same  place.  He  was 
the  first  professor  of  Mt  Angel  college, 
Oregon;  and  the  founder  of  the  school  for 
boys  in  Laredo,  Texas.  He  is  a  great 
linguist;  and  speaks  seven  languages.  He 
is  the  author  of  Our  Lady  of  Guadalupe; 
and  has  contributed  extensively  to  cur 
rent  periodicals. 

BIBB,  GEORGE  M.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1772, 
in  Virginia.  He  was  a  justice,  and  twice 
chief  justice  of  the  court  of  appeals  of 
Kentucky;  was  in  the  state  senate  two 
years;  held  the  position  of  chancellor  of 
the  court  of  chancery;  was  secretary  of 
the  treasury  under  President  Tyler;  and 
afterward  practiced  his  profession  in  the 
city  of  Washington;  and  acted  as  an  as 
sistant  in  the  office  of  the  attorney-gen 
eral  of  the  United  States.  He  was  a  Uni 
ted  States  senator  from  1811  to  1814,  and 
again  from  1829  to  1835.  He  died  April 
14,  1859,  In  Georgetown,'  D.  C. 

BIBB,  THOMAS,  governor,  was  a  kins 
man  of  W.  W.  Bibb,  whom  he  succeeded 
as  governor  of  Alabama  in  1820. 

BIBB,  WILLIAM  WYATT,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct.'  1, 
1780,  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Georgia  from  1806 
to  1814;  and  a  senator  in  congress  from 
1813  to  1816.  In  1817  he  was  appointed 
governor  of  the  territory  of  Alabama;  and 
was  elected  first  governor  under  the  con 
stitution  of  that  state  in  1819.  He  died 
July  9,  1820,  in  Fort  Jackson,  Ala. 

BIBIGHAUS,  THOMAS  M.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1816,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1851  to  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  died  June  18,  1853,  in  Leb 
anon,  Pa. 

BIBLE,  GEORGE  POTTER,  educator, 
lecturer,  was  born  Feb.  26.  1858,  in  Belle- 
fonte,  Pa.  He  is  known  in  his  state  as 
one  of  the  most  gifted  institute  instruc 
tors,  having  lectured  in  nearly  every  in 
stitute  in  the  state.  In  Ohio,  Delaware 
and  Indiana,  he  has  also  been  much  in 
demand.  He  was  professor  of  literature 
and  elocution  in  the  normal  schools  of 
Lock  Haven  and  Indiana,  Pa.;  and  for 
fifteen  years  past  has  been  lecturer  and 
instructor  in  the  Institutes  of  Pennsyl 


vania.  He  is  now  organizer  and  principal 
of  the  state  normal  school  of  East 
Stroudsburg,  Pa.  For  three  years  he  was 
editor  of  the  Bellefonte  Central  Demo 
crat;  and  has  written  extensively  for  the 
educational  papers  of  the  east. 

BICKER,  WALTER,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  29,  1796,  in  New  York  city.  He 
served  in  the  war  of  1812;  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  was  its  last  surviving  officer. 
He  died  June  3,  1886,  in  Far  Rockaway, 
L.  I. 

BICKFORD,  LEVI  F.,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  January  9,  1840,  in  Hartford, 
Ind.  He  is  a  successful  congregational 
clergyman  of  Brownwood,  Texas;  and  fills 
the  chair  of  mathematics  and  meta 
physics  in  the  Daniel  Baker  college  of 
that  city. 

BICKMORE,  ALBERT  SMITH,  ethnol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  March  1,  1839,  in 
St.  George,  Maine.  He  is  an  ethnologist; 
and  since  1885  has  been  the  curator  of 
the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  the  author  of 
Travels  in  the  East  Indian  Archipelago; 
The  Ainos  or  Hairy  Men  of  Jesso,  Sag- 
halien,  etc.;  and  Sketch  of  a  Journey  from 
Canton  to  Hankow. 

BICKNELL,  ALBION  HARRIS,  artist, 
was  born  March  18, 1837,  in  Turner,  Maine. 
He  began  the  study  of  art  at  an  early 
age,  and  was  a  pupil  of  Thomas  Couture 
and  L'Ecole  des  Beaux- Arts,  Paris,  France. 
He  has  painted  portraits  of  a  great  num 
ber  of  distinguished  public  men.  His  his 
torical  paintings — Lincoln  at  Gettysburg; 
and  the  Battle  of  Lexington— have  a  na 
tional  reputation,  and  are  among  the 
most  important  and  meritorious  paint 
ings  yet  produced  by  an  American  artist 

BICKNELL,  BENNET,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Mansfield, 
Conn.  He  served  in  the  assembly  of  the 
state  in  1812;  was  a  state  senator  from 
1815  to  1818;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1837  to 
1839.  He  died  in  1863,  in  Morrisville, 
Madison  county. 

BICKNELL,  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  judge  of  the 
second  judicial  circuit  of  the  state  of  In 
diana  in  1852,  holding  this  position  by 
successive  re-elections  for  twenty-four 
years.  From  1861  to  1870  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  law  at  the  university  of  Indiana. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  In 
diana  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth 
congresses. 

BICKNELL,  THOMAS  WILLIAMS,  ed 
ucator,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Sept 
6,  1834,  in  Barrington,  R.  I.  He  has  been 
very  active  in  educational  journalism, 
and  during  the  years  1874-86  he  founded, 
edited,  and  owned  The  Journal  of  Educa 
tion;  The  Primary  Teacher;  The  Ameri 
can  Teacher;  Education,  a  bi-month 
ly  magazine;  and  Good  Times.  The 
New  England  Bureau  of  Education  and 
the  National  Council  of  Education  were 
organized  by  him.  He  has  published 
Biography  of  William  Lord  Noyes;  His 
torical  Sketches  of  Barrington,  R.  I.;  Re 
ports  of  the  Commissioner  of  Public 
Schools;  and  History  of  the  Bicknell 
Family. 

BIDDLE,  ANDREW  PORTER,  physi 
cian,  dermatologist,  was  born  Feb.  25, 
1862,  in  Detroit,  Mich.  He  studied  in 
Geneva,  Heidelberg  and  Leipzic;  and  in 
1892  was  appointed  lecturer  on  derma 
tology  in  the  Detroit  college  of  medicine. 
He  has  been  assistant  dermatologist  to 
tne  St.  Mary's  hospital  clinics;  and  der 
matologist  to  the  Children's  Free  hospi 


tal  clinics.  During  President  Cleveland's 
second  administration  he  was  United 
States  pension  examining  surgeon.  He 
has  taken  great  interest  in  military  or 
ganizations;  and  is  captain  and  assistant 
surgeon  of  the  fourth  regiment  infantry 
Michigan  national  guard.  Dr.  Biddle  is  a 
prominent  member  of  various  medical  as 
sociations  and  other  societies. 

BIDDLE,  ANTHONY  JOSEPH  DREX- 
EL,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1874, 
in  Pennsylvania,  He  is  a  journalist  and 
publisher  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author 
of  A  Dual  Role,  and  Other  Stories;  An 
Allegory  and  Three  Essays;  The  Madeira 
Islands;  and  The  Froggy  Fairy  BooK. 

BIDDLE,  CHARLES  JOHN,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1819,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  the  war  with  Mexico  he 
was  brevetted  a  major  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  colonel  in  the  Pennsylvania  re 
serve  volunteer  corps;  and  while  in  the 
field  in  Virginia  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress,  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He 
was  a  son  of  Nicholas  Biddle.  He  was  a 
successful  journalist;  and  the  author  of 
The  Case  of  Major  Andre.  He  died  riept 
28,  1873,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BIDDLE,  CLEMENT  CORNELL,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1784,  In  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  In  1812  he  raised  a  company  of 
volunteers — the  State  Feucibles— was 
elected  its  captain,  and  subsequently  was 
colonel  of  the  first  Pennsylvania  infantry. 
At  the  conclusion  of  hostilities  he  de 
voted  himself  to  the  study  of  political 
economy;  and  annotated  an  edition  of 
Say's  treatise  on  that  science.  He  died 
Aug.  21,  1851. 

BIDDLE,  EDWARD,  soldier,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  in  1739.  He  was  an 
officer  in  the  French  war  from  1756  to 
3763;  became  eminent  as  a  lawyer  in 
Reading,  Pa.;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
assembly,  and  speaker.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1774  to 
1775;  and  was  one  of  the  prominent  ad 
vocates  of  independence.  He  died  Sept.  5, 
1779,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

BIDDLE,  HORACE  P.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  March  24,  1818,  in 
Hocking  county,  Ohio.  In  his  boyhood  he 
received  an  elemen 
tary  English  educa 
tion,  and  afterward 
acquired  a  knowl 
edge  of  Latin,  Ger 
man,  French,  Ital 
ian,  Spanish,  Portu 
guese,  and  several 
eastern  languages. 
He  studied  law,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  in  1838  opened 
an  office  in  Logans- 
port,  Ind.;  rose  to 
the  first  rank  in  his  profession,  and  re 
ceived  the  highest  judicial  honors  of  the 
state.  He  was  a  member  of  the  consti 
tutional  convention,  which  formed  the 
present  constitution  of  the  state.  He  is 
the  author  of  several  books;  in  science — 
The  Musical  Scale;  in  philosophy — Ele 
ments  of  Knowledge;  in  poetry — A  Few 
Poems;  Biddle's  Poems;  American  Boy 
hood;  and  a  Glance  at  the  World;  and  a 
volume  entitled  Prose  Miscellany.  In 
childhood  Mr.  Biddle  showed  an  intense 
love  of  music,  and  thirty  years  after  the 
publication  of  his  scientific  work,  en 
titled  The  Musical  Scale,  his  theory  was 
proved  to  be  true  by  demonstrative  evi 
dence.  He  still  resides  in  his  Island 
Home  on  an  island  in  the  Wabash  river 
near  Logansport,  Ind. 


110 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BIDDLE,  JACOB  ALBERT,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
24,  1845,  in  Rochester,  Ohio.  He  has  held 
the  position  of  president  of  the  Philo 
math  college,  of  Oregon;  and  has  filled 
pastorates  in  Milford  and  South  Norwalk, 
Conn.  He  is  the  author  of  Social  Regen 
eration. 

BIDDLE,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  28,  1783,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1845 
he  was  United  States  commissioner  to 
ratify  a  treaty  with  China;  visited  Japan 
In  the  Columbus;  commanded  the  squad 
ron  on  the  west  coast  of  Mexico  during 
the  war;  and  from  1838  to  1842  had 
charge  of  the  naval  asylum  on  the 
Schuylkill.  He  died  Oct.  1,  1848,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

BIDDLE,  JOHN,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  March  9,  1789,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812, 
acquitting  himself  with  bravery;  held  the 
position  of  paymaster  in  the  army;  and 
also  that  of  Indian  agent.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  congress  from  the  territory  of 
Michigan  from  1829  to  1831,  when  he  was 
appointed  register  of  the  land  office  at 
Detroit,  Mich.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1859,  at 
White  Sulphur  Springs,  Va. 

BIDDLE,  NICHOLAS,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Sept.  10,  1750,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
In  1775  congress  passed  a  resolution  ap 
pointing  nineteen  naval  officers,  of  whom 
five  were  captains.  Nicholas  Biddle,  one 
of  these,  was  assigned  to  the  Andrea  Do- 
rla,  an  armed  brig.  He  died  March  7, 
1778. 

BIDDLE,  NICHOLAS,  state  senator, 
financier,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1786,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  financier  of  Phila 
delphia  famous  in 
political  history  as 
the  president  of  the 
United  States  bank. 
He  was  a  member 
of  the  Pennsylvania 
legislature  in  1810- 
11;  and  of  the  state 
senate  in  1814.  He 
was  the  author  of  A 
Commercial  Digest; 
and  History  of  the 
Expedition  under 
Lewis  and  Clark  to 
the  Missouri  River.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1844, 
In  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BIDDLE,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  March  25,  1796,  in 
Philadelphia.  Pa.,  and  was  a  brother  of 
Nicholas  Biddle.  He  served  during  the 
war  of  1812,  in  the  protection  of  Philadel 
phia.  He  became  a  leader  of  the  Pitts- 
burg  bar;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1837  to 
1841.  While  in  England  he  published  an 
expose  of  Captain  Basil  Hall's  Travels 
in  America;  and  his  Life  of  Sebastian  Ca 
bot  brought  to  light  new  and  important 
facts  in  the  discovery  of  America.  He 
died  July  7,  1847,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

BIDDLE,  THOMAS,  soldier,  was  born 
Nov.  21,  1790,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In 
1814  he  was  brevetted  major,  and  in  De 
cember  became  aide  to  General  Izard.  In 
1820  he  was  paymaster.  He  met  his  death 
at  the  hands  of  Spencer  Pettis  in  a  duel. 
In  consequence  of  Major  Biddle's  defect 
ive  eyesight,  the  distance  was  made  five 
feet,  and  both  men  were  mortally  wound 
ed  at  the  first  fire.  He  died  Aug.  29,  1831, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

BIDLACK,  BENJAMIN  A.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1841  to  1845.  He  died  Feb. 
29,  1849,  in  New  Grenada. 


BIDWELL,  BARNABAS,  lawyer,  con 
gressman.  From  1801  to  1805  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  legislature; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1805  to  1807;  and  at 
torney-general  for  the  state  from  1807  to 
1810.  He  died  in  1833. 

BIDWELL,  DANIEL  D.,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1816  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Colonel 
Bidwell  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  bat 
tles  of  Fredericksburg  and  Chancellors- 
ville,  commanded  a  brigade  at  Gettys 
burg,  and  when  General  Grant  took  com 
mand  of  the  armies  in  Virginia  was  again 
placed  in  charge  of  a  brigade,  partici 
pating  in  the  overland  campaign.  He  was 
commissioned  brigadier-general  in  July, 
1864,  and  served  with  honor  in  the  Shen- 
andoah  campaigns  during  the  summer 
preceding  the  action  at  Cedar  Creek, 
where  he  lost  his  life.  He  died  Oct.  19, 
1864,  near  Cedar  Creek,  Va. 

BIDWELL,  JOHN,  soldier,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1819, 
in  Chautauqua  county,  N.  Y.  He  served 
in  the  war  with  Mexico  until  its  close, 
rising  from  second  lieutenant  to  major. 
He  was  the  first  man  to  find  gold  on 
Feather  river,  in  1848.  In  1849  he  was  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention,  and  during  the  same  year  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  the  new  state. 
He  was  a  brigadier-general  of  militia  dur 
ing  the  civil  war,  and  in  1864  was  elected 
a  representative  from  California  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress;  and  in  1875  was  a 
candidate  for  governor  of  California. 

BIDWELL,  MARSHAL  S.,  lawyer, 
banker,  was  born  1798  in  New  England. 
He  was  at  the  time  of  his  death  president 
of  the  oldest  savings  bank  in  New  York 
city,  a  director  in  the  American  Bible  so 
ciety,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the 
historical  society,  before  which  he  deliv 
ered  an  address  a  short  time  before  his 
death.  He  died  Oct.  24,  1872,  in  New 
York  city. 

BIDWELL,  WALTER  HILLIARD,  cler 
gyman,  journalist,  was  born  June  21,  1798, 
in  Farmington,  Conn.  In  1841  he  began  a 
long  editorial  career,  conducting  the 
American  National  Preacher  for  about 
nineteen  years.  He  also  edited  the  New 
York  Evangelist  from  1843  till  1855,  and 
in  1846  became  proprietor  of  the  Eclectic 
Magazine  and  the  American  Biblical  Re 
pository.  He  became  publisher  and  pro 
prietor  of  the  American  Theological  Re 
view  in  1860,  and  kept  it  till  1862,  when  It 
was  incorporated  with  the  Presbyterian 
Quarterly  Review.  He  died  in  November, 
1881. 

BIENVILLE,  JEAN  BAPTIST,  colonial 
governor,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1680,  in  Mon 
treal,  Canada.  He  was  the  founder  of 
New  Orleans;  and  French  governor  of 
Louisiana.  He  died  in  1765  in  France. 

BIERER,  ANDREW  GREGG  CURTIN, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1862,  in 
Uniontown,  Pa.  He  has  attained  success 
in  the  legal  profession;  has  been  city  at 
torney  of  Garden  City,  Kan.;  city  attor- 
cey  of  Guthrie,  Oklahoma;  and  in  1893 
was  appointed  by  President  Cleveland  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Oklahoma  Territory. 

BIERER,  EVERARD,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1827,  In 
Uniontown,  Pa.  Since  1848  he  has  been 
principally  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law,  and  for  three  years  was  district  at 
torney  of  his  county.  He  served  as  a 
union  soldier  during  the  civil  war;  was 
captain  of  company  F,  eleventh  regiment 
Pennsylvania  volunteer  reserve  corps, 
from  April  23,  1861,  to  Nov.  18,  1862; 


and  colonel  of  the  171st  regiment  Penn 
sylvania  volunteers  from  Nov.  18,  1862,  to 
Sept.  28,  1863;  and  in  the  reserve  corps  as 
captain  until  March  16,  1864.  He  was  a 
Lincoln  presidential  elector  in  1864;  and 
in  1867-68  was  a  representative  from 
Brown  county  in  the  Kansas  state  legis 
lature.  Mr.  Bierer  is  a  prominent  mem 
ber  of  the  Masonic  order  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic,  and  other  fraternal  bodies. 

BIERMAN,  E.  BENJAMIN,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1839, 
near  Reading,  Pa.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  Read 
ing  classical  acade 
my  and  the  univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania. 
During  1867-81  he 
was  professor  of 
mathematics  in  Leb 
anon  valley  college; 
and  since  1890  has 
been  president  of 
that  institution  of 
learning.  He  has 
contributed  valuable 
articles  arid  essays 
on  educational  topics,  which  have  ap 
peared  in  the  periodical  press  and  several 
standard  works. 

BIERNE,  ANDREW,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ireland.  He  served  as  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1837  to  1841. 

BIERSTADT,  ALBERT,  landscape 
painter,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1830,  in  Ger 
many.  Among  his  most  celebrated  works 
are  Rocky  Mountains;  Looking  Down 
the  Yosemite;  Storm  in  the  Rocky  Moun 
tains;  Valley  of  the  Yosemite;  Sunlight 
and  Shadow;  Emerald  Pool;  Great  Trees 
of  California;  Landing  of  Columbus;  and 
Last  of  the  Buffalo.  He  has  received  nu 
merous  honors  and  medals. 

BIERY,   JAMES    S.,   educator,   lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  2,  1839,  in 
Venango    county,    Pa.     He    received     an 
'  academic  education; 

taught  school  sev 
eral  years;  studied 
theology  and  law; 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1868.  In 
1869  he  was  a  candi 
date  for  the  legisla 
ture,  running  aheau 
of  his  ticket.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress, 
serving  on  the  com- 
r  mittee  on  mileage. 
He  was  an  able  speaker;  and  took  an  ac 
tive  part  in  all  progressive  measures.  He 
is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Allentown,  Pa.; 
and  one  of  the  foremost  jurists  of  bis 
state. 

BIGBY,  JOHN  SUMMERFIELD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
13,  1832,  in  Coweta  county,  Ga.  He  grad 
uated  from  Emory  college,  Georgia,  in 
1853;  studied  and  practiced  law;  and  was 
a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1867-1868.  He  was  solicitor- 
general  of  the  Tallapooea  circuit  in  1868; 
was  judge  of  its  superior  court  until  1871; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress. 

BIGELOW,  ABIJAH,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  5,  1775,  in  Westminster,  Mass. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  general  court  of 
Massachusetts;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1810  to  1815.  In  1838  he 
was  appointed  a  master  in  chancery  for 
Worcester  county;  and  held  the  office  of 
justice  of  the  peace  for  about  fifty  years. 
He  died  April  4,  1860. 


HKKKINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


Ill 


BIGBLOW,  ANSON  A.,  lumberman, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1833,  in  Easton,  N.  Y. 
The  firm  of  A.  A.  Bigelow  and  Co.  now 
own  a  large  area  of  pine  forest  near 
Washburn  in  Bayfleld  county,  Wis.,  and 
have  built  capacious  mills  there. 

BIGELOW,  ASA,  merchant,  was  born 
Jan.  18,  1779,  in  Marlborough,  Conn.  He 
was  engaged  in  a  general  shipping  and 
commission  business  in  Saugerties,  N.  Y., 
in  which  he  was  very  prosperous.  Subse 
quently  he  removed  to  Bristol,  N.  Y.,  and 
continued  in  the  same  business.  He  died 
Feb.  12,  1850. 

BIGELOW,  EDGAR  ALTON,  educator, 
farmer,  business  man,  legislator,  was 
born  March  8,  1863,  in  Zumbrota,  Minn. 
After  receiving  his  education  he  taught 
school  for  several  years.  He  has  filled 
numerous  public  offices  of  trust  in  his  na 
tive  county,  and  has  been  president  of 
the  Zumbrota  Farmers'  Mercantile  and 
Elevator  company  since  its  inception.  In 
1896  he  was  elected  republican  represent 
ative  to  the  Minnesota  state  legislature; 
and  in  1897  was  elected  president  of  the 
Minnesota  Farmers'  Elevator  association. 

BIGELOW,  MRS.  EDITH  EVELYN, 
author,  was  born  in  1861  in  New  York. 
She  is  the  wife  of  P.  Bigelow,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Diplomatic  Disenchantments,  a 
novel. 

BIGELOW,  ERASTUS  BRIGHAM, 
manufacturer,  was  born  April  2,  1814,  in 
West  Boylston,  Mass.  He  was  a  noted 
New  England  inventor  of  carpet  looms, 
and  the  author  of  The  Tariff  Question 
considered  in  regard  to  the  Policy  of  Eng 
land  and  the  Interest  of  the  United 
States;  and  The  Tariff  Policy  of  England 
and  the  United  States  Contrasted.  He 
died  Dec.  6,  1879,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BIGELOW,  FRANK  GORDON,  banker, 
was  born  Sept.  28,  1847,  in  Hartford,  N. 
Y.  This  successful  business  man  and 
financier  has  been  trustee  of  the  North 
western  Mutual  Life  Insurance  company; 
receiver  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
company;  and  is  the  honored  president  of 
the  First  national  bank  of  Milwaukee, 
Wis. 

BIGELOW,  HENRY  JACOB,  physician, 
was  born  March  11,  1818,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  became  professor  of  surgery  in  the 
medical  school  of  Harvard  university  in 
1849;  continuing  to  hold  the  chair  of  sur 
gery  until  1884.  In  1846  he  was  appointed 
surgeon  to  the  Massachusetts  general 
hospital,  a  position  which  he  resigned  in 
1886.  He  died  Oct.  30,  1890,  in  Newton 
Creek,  Mass. 

BIGELOW,  HOBERT  B.,  statesman.  He 
was  governor  of  Connecticut  from  1881  to 
1883. 

BIGELOW,  HORACE  RANSOM,  law 
yer,  was  born  March  13,  1820,  in  Water- 
vliet,  N.  Y.  He  was  attorney  for  the  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Railway 
Co.;  and  for  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and 
St.  Paul  Railway  company.  He  was  one 
of  the  commissioners  in  the  construction 
of  the  county  courthouse  of  St.  Paul,  and 
was  for  many  years  a  director  of  the 
First  national  bank.  He  died  Nov.  14, 
1894,  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

BIGELOW,  JACOB,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  27,  1787,  in  Sudbury,  Mass. 
He  was  a  famous  physician  of  Boston 
who  established  Mount  Auburn  cemetery. 
He  was  the  author  of  History  of  Mount 
Auburn;  A  Brief  Exposition  of  Rational 
Medicine;  Modern  Inquiries,  classical, 
professional,  anl  miscellaneous;  Re 
marks  on  Classical  and  Utilitarian  Stu 
dies;  American  Medical  Botany;  and  Na 
ture  in  Disease.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1879,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 


BIGELOW,  JOHN,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1817  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
prominent  New  York  journalist,  at  one 
time  United  States  minister  to  France, 
and  in  1875  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
state  of  New  York.  He  is  the  author  of 
Life  of  Benjamin  Franklin;  Life  of  Wil 
liam  Cullen  Bryant;  Life  of  Samuel  Til- 
den;  Jamaica  in  1850;  Les  Etats  Unis 
d'Amerique  en  1863;  Some  Recollections 
of  Antoine  Pierre  Berryer;  France  and 
Hereditary  Monarchy;  Wit  and  Wisdom 
of  the  Haytiens;  Molinos  the  Quietist; 
France  and  the  Confederate  Navy;  an 
International  Episode;  and  The  Mystery 
of  Sleep.  He  has  edited  complete  editions 
of  the  works  of  Franklin  and  Tilden. 

BIGELOW,  JOHN,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  in  1854  in  New  York,  and  is  a  son  of 
John  Bigelow.  He  is  a  United  States  cav 
alry  officer,  and  the  author  of  The  Prin 
ciples  of  Strategy,  illustrated  chiefly  from 
American  campaigns. 

BIGELOW,  JOHN  MILTON,  physician, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1847,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  has  lectured  at  Albany  college  since 
1869,  and  has  been  attending  physician  to 
Albany  hospital  and  to  St.  Peter's  hos 
pital  for  throat  and  nose  diseases;  and 
also  to  the  Old  Men's  Home. 

BIGELOW,  JONATHAN  GORDON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  July  16,  1839,  in 
St.  Albans,  Maine.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  St.  Albans  and  Bloomfleld 
academies,  and  in  1863  graduated  from 
Amherst  college.  During  1861-65  he  was 
a  commissioned  officer  in  the  federal 
army  in  the  civil  war.  In  1866  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  supreme  judi 
cial  court  of  Maine,  and  since  that  time 
has  practiced  his  profession  in  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

BIGELOW,  LETTIE  SALINA,  reform 
er,  editor,  poet,  was  born  in  1849,  in  Pel- 
ham,  Mass.  She  is  the  state  superintend 
ent  of  franchise  for  the  Massachusetts 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  union;  a 
successful  lecturer  and  editor  of  Holyoke, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems. 

BIGELOW,  LEWIS,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1783  in  Petersham, 
Mass.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  his  native  state  from  1821  to 
1823;  and  was  the  author  of  the  Digest 
of  the  First  Twelve  Volumes  of  Massa 
chusetts  Reports.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1838,  in 
Peoria,  111. 

BIGELOW,  MELVILLE  MADISON, 
lawyer,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  2, 
1846,  in  Eaton  Rapids,  Mich.  He  is  a  law 
yer  and  law  lecturer  of  Boston,  and  the 
author  of  The  Law  of  Bills;  English  Pro 
cedure  in  the  Norman  Period;  The  Law 
of  Fraud;  Elements  of  Equity;  Elements 
of  the  Law  of  Torts;  Placita  Anglo- 
Normannica:  Law  Cases  from  William 
I.  to  Richard  I. ;  Law  of  Wills,  Notes  and 
Cheques;  The  Law  of  Fraud  on  its  Civil 
Side;  The  Law  of  Estoppel  and  its  Ap 
plication  to  Practice;  and  Leading  Cases 
in  the  Law  of  Torts.  He  has  also  edited 
the  8th  edition  of  Story's  Conflict  of 
Laws,  and  published  a  volume  of  poems 
entitled  Rhymes  of  a  Barrister. 

BIGELOW,  POULTNEY,  author,  was 
born  in  1855,  in  New  York,  and  is  a  son 
of  John  Bigelow.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  German  Emperor  and  his  Eastern 
Neighbors;  The  Borderland  of  Czar  and 
Kaiser;  History  of  the  German  Strug 
gle  for  Liberty;  and  White  Man's  Africa. 

BIGELOW,  ROBERT  PAYNE,  zoolo 
gist,  was  born  July  10,  1863,  in  Baldwins- 
ville,  N.  Y.  He  received  the  degree  of  S. 
B.  from  Harvard,  and  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 
from  the  Johns  Hopkins  university.  Since 


1893  he  has  been  instructor  of  biology  in 
the  Massachusetts  institute  of  technology 
of  Boston;  and  its  librarian  since  1895. 
In  1897  he  became  editor  of  the  American 
Naturalist. 

BIGELOW,  TIMOTHY,  soldier,  was 
born  Aug.  12,  1739,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 
Hearing  of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  he  led 
a  company  of  minutemen  to  Cambridge. 
He  was  also  at  Valley  Forge,  West  Point, 
Monmouth,  and  Yorktown.  After  the  war 
Colonel  Bigelow  had  charge  of  the  arsenal 
at  Springfield.  He  was  one  of  the  origi 
nal  grantees  of  Montpelier  and  a  bene 
factor  of  the  Leicester,  Mass.,  academy. 
He  died  March  31,  1790,  in  Worcester, 
Mass. 

BIGELOW,  TIMOTHY,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  April  30,  1767,  in  Worces 
ter,  Mass.  He  was  an  active  federalist; 
was  elected  to  the  Connecticut  legislature 
in  1790,  and  served  there  twenty  years, 
eleven  years  of  the  time  as  speaker  of 
the  house.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Hartford  convention  in  1814. 

BIGGER,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  about  1800  in 
Warren  county,  Ohio.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Indiana  state  legislature 
in  1834  and  1835,  and  afterwards  judge  of 
the  circuit  court.  He  was  governor  of 
Indiana  from  1840  to  1843.  The  Indiana 
hospital  was  established  by  his  influence. 
He  died  in  1845  in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

BIGGS,  ASA,  lawyer,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1811,  in 
Williamstown,  N.  C.  In  1835  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention  of  that  state;  in  1840,  1842, 
and  1844  was  elected  to  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
twenty-ninth  congress.  In  1854  he  went 
a  second  time  into  the  state  senate;  and 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  in  1854 
for  six  years.  In  1858  he  became  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  of  North 
Carolina.  He  died  March  6,  1878,  in  Nor 
folk,  Va. 

BIGGS,  BENJAMIN  T.,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1821,  in  Sum 
mit  Bridge,  jjel.  In  1847  he  turned  his 
attention  to  farming;  was  a  member  of 
the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1852;  subsequently  took  an  interest  in 
railroad  operations,  and  was  elected  di 
rector  in  a  Maryland  company.  In  1868 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Del 
aware  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

BIGGS,  MARION,  farmer,  congressman, 
was  horn  May  2,  1823,  in  Pike  county, 
Mo.  He  is  a  farmer  by  profession,  and 
was  elected  sheriff  of  Monroe  county,  Mo., 
in  1852,  and  re-elected  in  1854.  He  was 
elected  to  the  California  legislature  in 
1867,  and  in  1869.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress  as  a  democrat. 

BIGGS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergyman, 
was  born  June  23,  1786,  in  New  Milford, 
Conn.  He  was  pastor  of  the  First  church 
of  New  Haven  from  1812  to  1822;  and 
from  1822  was  Dwight  professor  of  didac 
tic  theology  at  Yale.  He  died  March  10, 
1858,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

BIGLER,  DAVID,  Moravian  bishop,  was 
born  Dec.  26,  1806,  in  Hagerstown,  Mass. 
He  was  a  missionary  in  the  West  Indies 
in  1831-36,  and  then  pastor  in  Philadel 
phia,  in  New  York,  and  at  Bethlehem, 
Pa.,  until  made  a  bishop  in  1864.  He  died 
July  2,  1875,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

BIGLER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1804,  in  Cum 
berland  county,  Pa.  He  moved  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1849,  and  was  twice  speaker  of 
the  assembly  and  governor  of  California 
in  1852-56.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1871,  in  Sac 
ramento,  Cal. 


112 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BIGLER,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
December,  1814,  In  Shermansburg,  Pa.  In 
1841  he  was  elected  to  the  state  conven 
tion;  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate 
up  to  1847,  and  part  of  tue  time  speaker. 
In  1851  we  was  elected  governor  of  Penn 
sylvania;  and  subsequently  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Erie  Rail 
road  company.  In  1855  he  was  elected  a 
senator  in  congress  for  six  years.  He 
died  Aug.  9,  1880,  in  Clearfield,  Pa. 

BIGLOW,  WILLIAM,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  22,  1773,  in  Natick,  Mass. 
He  was  an  educator  of  Boston,  and  the 
author  of  History  of  Natick;  History  of 
Sherburne;  The  Youth's  Library;  and 
Introduction  to  the  Making  of  Latin.  He 
died  Jan.  12,  1844,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BIQNEY,  MARK  FREDERICK,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1817,  in  Nova 
Scotia.  In  1865  he  became  managing  ed 
itor  of  the  New  Orleans  Times.  In  1867 
he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  New 
Orleans  City  Item.  His  only  published 
work  is  a  volume  of  poems. 

BIGNOLD,  LEWIS  BRUCE,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1851,  in  Eng 
land.  In  1873  he  emigrated  to  the  United 
States;  for  ten  years  resided  in  Nebras 
ka,  and  since  1883  has  practiced  law  In 
Montesano,  Wash.  In  1885  he  was  mayor 
of  his  city;  during  1885-87  was  city  attor 
ney;  and  has  since  taken  an  active  part 
in  public  affairs.  In  1879  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  first  state  republican  conven 
tion  held  at  Walla  Walla. 

BIGNON,  FLEMING  GRANTLAND 
DU,  lawyer,  Jurist,  state  senator,  was 
born  July  25,  1853,  in  Milledgevllle,  Ga. 
From  1877-79  he  was  county  judge  of 
Baldwin  county,  Ga.;  In  1880  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature;  and  in  1882  was 
a  member  of  the  Georgia  state  senate. 

BIGOT,  WILLIAM  VALENTINE,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1838,  in  Ger 
many.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1847,  and  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
large  congregation  of  St.  Michael's  Lora- 
mie  of  Berlin,  Ohio.  He  built  the  St.  Mi- 
cnael's  church,  which  is  admired  for  its 
beauty,  solidity  and  minor  equipment. 

BIKLE,  PHILIP  M.,  educator,  editor, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1844,  In  Smithsburg,  Md. 
Since  1880  he  has  been  editor  of  the  Luth 
eran  Quarterly;  since  1874  has  been  pro 
fessor  in  the  Pennsylvania  college;  and 
dean  since  1889. 

BILL,  BENEZET  HOUGH,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  banker,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1329,  in 
New  Milford,  Pa.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  aca 
demies  of  Worces 
ter  and  Wilbraham, 
Mass.;  and  the  Suf- 
fleld  literary  insti 
tution,  Connecticut. 
He  graduated  from 
the  law  school  in 
1854,  and  the  same 
year  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  has 
attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Rockville,  Conn.  He 
was  appointed  state's  attorney  for  Tol- 
land  county  In  1869,  and  held  that  office 
for  twenty-four  years.  He  is  now  the 
present  judge  of  the  Rockville  city  court; 
corporation  counsel  for  the  city;  and 
president  of  the  savings  bank  of  Rock 
ville.  Although  Mr.  Bill  has  devoted  him 
self  very  closely  to  his  profession,  he  has 
taken  time  to  travel  extensively  on  the 
American  continent  and  in  Europe. 


BILL.  LEDYARD,  journalist,  author, 
legislator,  was  born  May  14,  1836,  in  Led- 
yard,  Conn.  After  receiving  his  educa 
tion  he  entered  the 
publishing  business 
in  Louisville,  Ky.; 
and  subsequently 
continued  the  same 
business  in  New 
York.  He  resides 
in  Paxton,  Mass., 
except  when  serving 
in  the  legislature  as 
a  member  of  that 
body  in  Boston — 
having  served  one 
term  in  the  house 
and  two  in  the  senate  with  the  most  hon 
orable  record.  In  his  native  city  he  has 
been  a  power.  He  started  the  free  pub 
lic  library;  it  was  at  his  sole  expense  that 
the  soldiers'  monument  of  his  native 
town  was  erected;  and  his  name  is  well 
and  favorably  known  throughout  the 
state.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Winter  in 
Florida;  A  Work  on  Minnesota;  and  A 
Genealogy  of  His  Family,  which  is  vir 
tually  a  history  of  Paxton.  He  is  an  en 
thusiastic  antiquarian,  and  discovered 
that  the  ancient  bell  in  the  village  church 
of  Paxton  was  made  by  Paul  Revere.  He 
is  president  of  the  Leicester  Historical 
society,  and  a  prominent  member  of  sev 
eral  genealogical  and  historical  societies. 

BILLINGHURST,  CHARLES,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  27,  1818,  in 
Brighton,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Wisconsin 
in  1847,  and  was  a  member  of  tne  first 
legislature  of  that  state  in  1848.  He  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1852;  was  elected 
a  representative  to  the  thirty-fourth  con 
gress  from  Wisconsin,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1865,  in  Juneau, 
Wis. 

BILLINGS,  ADONIRAM  JUDSON,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Dec.  3,  1826,  in  Newport,  Maine.  In  1862 
he  was  appointed  surgeon  of  the  nine 
teenth  Maine  volunteers;  and  in  1864 
was  appointed  surgeon  of  enrollment. 
During  1862-68  he  served  with  distinction 
as  a  member  of  the  Maine  state  legisla 
ture.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  physi 
cians  of  New  England  at  Freedom,  Maine. 

BILLINGS,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1825  in  South  Carolina.  He  fought  in  the 
civil  war,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel 
of  cavalry  in  the  confederate  army.  He 
was  attorney-general  of  Mississippi  in 
1865,  and  was  re-elected  in  1868.  He 
served  in  congress  from  1875  to  1883. 

BILLINGS,  EDWARD  C.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  re 
ceived  a  collegiate  education;  studied 
law,  and  engaged  in  practice,  and  later 
removed  to  Louisiana,  settling  at  New 
Orleans.  In  1876  he  was  appointed 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  east 
ern  district  of  Louisiana. 

BILLINGS,  FREDERICK,  lawyer,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1823,  in 
Royalton,  Vt.  His  gifts  to  the  university 
of  Vermont  amounted  to  $250,000;  and  he 
gave  $50,000  to  D.  L.  Moody's  Mount  Her- 
mon  school  for  boys,  and  $50,000  to  Am- 
herst  college.  He  died  Sept.  30,  1890,  in 
Woodstock,  Vt. 

BILLINGS,  GEORGE  HERRICK,  met 
allurgist,  inventor,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1845, 
in  Taunton,  Mass.  Since  1862  his  atten 
tion  has  been  occupied  with  the  study 
and  practice  of  iron  metallurgy  and  its 
chemistry.  Of  late  he  has  been  the  gen 
eral  manager  of  the  Norway  Iron  and 
Steel  company  in  Boston.  He  has  invent 


ed  improved  forms  of  machinery  for  the 
manufacture  of  iron  and  steel,  principally 
appliances  for  drawing  iron  and  steel  bars 
for  shafting  and  finishing  rods. 

BILLINGS,  HAMMATT,  architect,  was 
born  Nov.  14,  1784,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
lived  in  Boston  for  many  years,  and  de 
signed  numerous  churches  and  public 
buildings  throughout  the  United  States. 
The  Pilgrims'  monument  at  Plymouth, 
and  the  case  of  the  great  organ  in  Boston 
music  hall  were  after  his  designs.  He 
died  Nov.  14,  1874,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BILLINGS,  JOHN  SHAW,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1838  in  Indiana  In  1894 
he  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel 
and  deputy  surgeon-general  of  the  United 
States  army.  Upon  the  consolidation  of 
the  New  York  city  libraries,  he  was  made 
chief  librarian.  His  chief  work  is  a  vol 
uminous  Index  Catalogue  of  the  Library 
of  the  Surgeon-General's  Office.  Others 
are  Hygienics  of  the  United  States  Army 
Barracks;  Mortality  and  Vital  Statistics 
of  the  United  States  Army. 

BILLINGS,  SIMEON  R.,  farmer,  civil 
engineer,  state  senator,  was  born  March 
17,  1835,  in  Orleans  county,  N.  Y.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  common  schools,  and  graduated  from 
the  Albion  academy.  In  1867  he  moved 
to  Michigan;  has  filled  numerous  offices 
of  trust  in  Richfield;  was  county  surveyor 
for  six  years;  a  member  of  the  state  leg 
islature  during  1875-78,  and  state  senator 
during  1879-81.  In  1893  he  was  appointed 
commissioner  of  railroads,  and  received 
the  reappointment  to  the  same  office  in 
1895,  serving  four  years. 

BILLINGS,  WILLIAM,  composer,  was 
born  Oct.  7,  1746,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  zealous  patriot,  and  during  the 
revolution  produced  a  number  of  patriotic 
pieces,  including  Lamentation  Over  Bos 
ton;  Retrospect;  Independence;  and  Co 
lumbia,  as  well  as  verses  set  to  the  air  of 
Chester,  which  were  popular  in  the  camps 
of  the  revolutionary  army.  He  died  Sept. 
26,  1800,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BILLINGSLEY,  AMOS  STEVENS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1818, 
near  East  Palestine,  Ohio.  In  1847  he 
graduated  from  the 
Jefferson  college, 
Pennsylvania;  and 
in  1850  from  the  Al 
legheny  Theological 
seminary.  He  filled 
many  important 
pastorates;  was 
home  missionary  in 
Nebraska  and  Colo 
rado;  was  chaplain 
in  the  army,  and' 
promoted  to  United 
States  chaplain.  He 
was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
Biddle  university.  He  was  the  author  of 
Christianity  in  the  War;  Life  of  Rever 
end  George  Whitfield;  Sources  of  Pulpit 
Power.  He  died  Oct.  12,  1897,  in  States- 
ville,  N.  C. 

BILLOW,  GARRETT  A.,  professor  of 
dental  pathology,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1864, 
in  Shelby,  Ohio.  For  many  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educational  work,  and  is  a 
graduate  of  the  Ohio  College  of  Dental 
Surgery.  Since  1892  he  has  been  profess 
or  of  dental  pathology,  materia  medica 
and  therapeutics  in  the  Ohio  medical  uni 
versity  of  Columbus;  and  is  prominent 
in  various  dental  societies  and  contrib 
utes  extensively  to  current  literature  on 
pathological  subjects. 

BINES,     THOMAS,  congressman.     He 

was  a  representative  in  congress    from 

New  Jersey  from  1814  to  1815,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1820. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


113 


BINGHAM,  CHARLES,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  June  16,  1828,  in  Geneseo, 
N.  Y.  He  has  been  a  clergyman  since 
1870,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  the  First 
congregational  church  of  Daytona,  Pla. 

BINGHAM,  EDWARD  FRANKLIN, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Aug. 
13,  1828,  in  Concord,  Vt.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  select  and  public  schools 
and  Peacham  academy  in  Vermont,  and  at 
Marietta  college,  Ohio.  During  1850-55  he 
was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Vinton,  Ohio; 
and  served  as  a  representative  in  the 
Ohio  legislature  in  1855-57.  In  1860  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic  national 
convention  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  Bal 
timore  by  adjournment.  For  several  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  educa 
tion  of  Columbus,  Ohio;  city  solicitor 
during  1867-71;  chairman  of  the  demo 
cratic  examining  committee  of  Ohio  in 
1868,  and  as  such  conducted  the  cam 
paign  of  that  year.  In  1873  he  was  elect 
ed  common  pleas  and  district  court  judge, 
was  twice  re-elected  and  served  until 
1887,  when  he  was  appointed  by  the  p*resi- 
dent  of  the  United  States  as  chief  justice 
of  the  supreme  court,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  in  which  office  he  is  now  serving.  In 
1881  he  was  the  nominee  of  the  democrat 
ic  state  convention  of  Ohio  for  supreme 
judge  of  that  state. 

BINGHAM,  HARRY,  lawyer,  legislator, 
author,  was  born  March  30,  1821,  in  Con 
cord,  Vt.  He  graduated  in  1843  from 
Dartmouth  college; 
and  since  1846  has 
been  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law. 
During  1862-68, 
1871-79,  and  also  in 
1881,  1889  and  1891 
he  was  a  member  of 
the  New  Hampshire 
house  of  representa 
tives  for  Littletown, 
and  during  1883-87 
was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate.  In  1876 
he  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  re 
publican  national  conventions  of  1868, 
1872,  1880,  1884  and  1892,  and  in  all  these 
conventions  he  was  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  on  resolutions.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  number  of  works  on  legal,  biographi 
cal  and  general  topics,  and  various  ad 
dresses  and  articles  on  important  sub 
jects. 

BINGHAM,  HENRY  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1841,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  entered  the  union  army 
as  a  lieutenant  in  the  one  hundred  and 
fortieth  Pennsylvania  volunteers;  was 
wounded  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  in  1863,  at 
Spottsylvania,  Va.,  in  1864,  and  at  Farm- 
ville,  Va.,  in  1865;  and  was  mustered  out 
of  service  July,  1866,  as  brevet  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers.  He  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Philadelphia  in  1867;  and 
was  delegate  at  large  to  the  republican 
national  convention  at  Philadelphia  in 
1872,  also  delegate  from  the  first  congres 
sional  district  to  the  republican  national 
convention  at  Cincinnati  in  1876,  at  Chi 
cago  in  1884  and  1888,  at  Minneapolis  in 
1892,  and  at  St.  Louis  in  1896.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh, 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BINGHAM,  JENNIE  M.,  author,  was 
born  March  16,  1859,  in  Fulton,  N.  Y.  She 
is  the  author  of  two  books  entitled  An 
nals  of  the  Round  Table;  and  All  Glo 
rious  Within. 
8 


BINGHAM,  JOEL  FOOTE,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1827, 
in  Andover,  Conn.  In  1867  he  was  pas 
tor  of  the  First  parish  church  at  Augusta, 
Maine;  in  1871  had  charge  as  rector  of  St. 
John's  church  of  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and 
St.  James  church  of  New  London,  Conn. 
He  is  the  author  of  Mediaeval  Myth,  Mel 
ody  and  Mirth;  and  Historic  Cameos  of 
Gaul,  Celt  and  Saracen. 

BINGHAM,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1815  in  Pennsylvania. 
In  1854  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  in  the  thirty-fourth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-fifth, 
thirty-sixth,  thirty-ninth,  fortieth,  forty- 
first  and  forty-second  congresses. 

BINGHAM,  JUDSON  DAVID,  soldier, 
was  born  May  16,  1831,  in  Massena 
Springs,  N.  Y.  He  took  part  in  the  sup 
pression  of  John  Brown's  raid  at  Har 
per's  Ferry  in  1859.  In  1865  he  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  for  faithful  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  rebellion. 
After  the  war  he  was  successively  chief 
quartermaster  of  the  department  of  the 
lakes,  assistant  quartermaster-general  at 
Washington,  being  in  charge  of  the  bu 
reau  a  part  of  the  time,  as  commissioner 
to  audit  the  Kansas  war  accounts,  and  as 
chief  quartermaster  with  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel  at  the  headquarters  of  the 
division  of  the  Pacific  and  the  depart 
ment  of  the  Missouri,  and  from  1886,  at 
Chicago,  111.,  as  chief  quartermaster  of  the 
division  of  the  Missouri. 

BINGHAM,  KINSLEY  S.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  United  States  senator,  governor,  was 
born  Dec.  16,  1808,  in  Camillus,  N.  Y.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Michigan  legislature  in 
1835,  and  was  five  years  a  member  of  that 
body — three  years  as  speaker.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Michigan 
from  1847  to  1851;  was  elected  governor 
of  Michigan  in  1854  and  1856;  and  also 
held  in  other  years  the  offices  of  postmas 
ter,  supervisor,  prosecuting  attorney, 
judge  of  probate,  and  brigadier-general  of 
militia.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a  senator 
in  congress  from  Michigan,  for  six  years. 
He  died  Oct.  5,  1861,  in  Oak  Grove,  Mich. 

BINGHAM,  WILLIAM,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1835  in  North  Carolina. 
In  1856  he  graduated  from  the  university 
of  North  Carolina  and  succeeded  to  the 
management  of  a  classical  school  at  Me- 
banesville,  N.  C.,  which  had  been  conduct 
ed  with  success  by  his  father  and  grand 
father.  He  has  published  A  Grammar  of 
the  Latin  Language;  A  Grammar  of  lue 
English  Language;  and  Caesar's  Com 
mentaries,  with  Notes  and  a  Vocabulary. 

BINGHAM,  WILLIAM,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1751  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  graduated  at  the  college  of  Phila 
delphia  in  1768;  was  agent  for  this  coun 
try  at  Martinique  during  the  revolution; 
and  in  1786  was  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  in  1795. 
He  died  Feb.  7,  1804,  in  England. 

BINKLEY,  LILLIE,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  9,  1869,  in  Atchison  coun 
ty,  Kan.  She  is  a  successful  educator  of 
Atchison,  Kan.;  and  has  contributed 
poems  to  Texas  Sittings,  and  the  periodi 
cal  press  generally. 

BINMANN,  ADOLPH,  farmer,  soldier, 
public  official,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1842,  in 
Norway.  He  was  collector  of  internal 
revenue  for  the  district  of  Minnesota  dur 
ing  1885-90;  and  is  now  state  auditor  of 
Minnesota.  He  served  three  years  as  a 
soldier  during  the  civil  war;  was  demo 
cratic  nominee  for  congress  in  1882  and 
in  1884;  and  for  governor  of  Minnesota 
in  1883. 


BINNEY,  AMOS,  physician,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  18,  1803,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
\\as  a  once  prominent  physician  and  nat 
uralist  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  Ter 
restrial  Air-Breathing  Mollusks  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1847,  in 
Rome,  Italy. 

BINNEY,  HORACE,  jurist,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1780,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  noted  jurist 
of  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  legislature  in  1806-07;  and 
a  representative  in  congress  in  1833-35. 
He  was  the  author  of  Reports  of  Cases  in 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania,  1799- 
1814;  Leaders  of  the  Old  Bar  of  Phila 
delphia;  and  Inquiry  Into  the  Formation 
of  Washington's  Farewell  Address.  He 
died  Aug.  12,  1875,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BINNEY,  JOSEPH  GETCHELL,  college 
president,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1778,  in  Mil- 
ford,  Mass.  In  1822  he  accepted  the  chair 
of  theology  in  Waterville  college,  and  re 
mained  there  until  1828,  when  he  became 
president  of  the  Columbian  college.  He 
died  Oct.  1,  1845. 

BINNEY,  WILLIAM  GREENE,  con- 
chologist,  author,  was  born  in  1833,  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  well-known  con- 
chologist  of  Burlington,  N.  J.  Besides 
completing  his  father's  work  on  mollusks 
he  has  written  Bibliography  of  North 
American  Conchology;  Land  and  Fresh 
Water  Shells  of  North  America;  and 
Catalogues  of  the  Terrestrial  Air-Breath 
ing  Mollusks  of  North  America. 

BINNS,  JOHN,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  22,  1772,  in  Ireland.  From  1807 
to  1829  he  conducted,  at  Philadelphia,  the 
Democratic  Press,  the  leading  paper  in  the 
state.  He  was  for  twenty  years  an  alder 
man  of  Philadelphia.  In  1854  he  pub 
lished  Recollections  of  the  Life  of  John 
Binns;  Twenty-nine  Years  in  Europe,  and 
Fifty-three  in  the  United  States.  He  was 
also  the  author  of  Binns'  Magistrate's 
Manual.  He  died  June  16,  1860,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

BIRCH,  THOMAS,  artist,  was  born  in 
1779,  in  London,  England.  During  the  war 
of  1812  he  executed  a  series  of  historical 
paintings,  representing  the  naval  victo 
ries  of  the  United  States.  He  also  paint 
ed  landscapes,  particularly  snow  scenes. 
The  Harrison  collection  in  Philadelphia 
contains  his  paintings  of  the  engagement 
between  the  United  States  and  the  Mace 
donian,  and  between  the  Constitution 
and  the  Guerriere.  Three  of  his  marine 
views  are  in  the  Claghorn  collection.  He 
died  Jan.  14,  1851,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BIRCKHEAD,  WILLIAM  H.,  poet.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  enti 
tled  Changing  Moods. 

BIRD,  FREDERICK  MAYER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  28,  1838,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  an  episcopal 
clergyman  widely  known  as  an  hymnolo- 
gist.  He  has  edited  The  Lutheran  Minis- 
terium  Hymns;  Songs  of  the  Spirit; 
published  Charles  Wesley  Seen  in  His 
Finer  and  Less  Familiar  Pieces;  and  con 
tributed  extensively  to  the  critical  litera 
ture  of  his  subject. 

BIRD,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Litchfield,  Conn.  He  was 
early  distinguished  at  the  bar  of  New 
York  state  and  in  the  legislature;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1799  to  1801. 

BIRD,  JOHN  T.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  16,  1829,  in  Hunterdon 
county,  N.  J.  In  1863  he  was  appointed 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Hunterdon  coun 
ty  for  five  years;  and  in  1868  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
forty-first  congress;  and  re-elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress. 


114 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BIRD,  ROBERT  MONTGOMERY,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1803,  in  Newcastle,  Del. 
His  Nick  of  the  Wood  was  his  most  popu 
lar  work.  His  two  Mexican  stories,  Cala- 
var:  a  Knight  of  the  Conquest;  and  The 
Infidel,  or  the  Fall  of  Mexico,  were  com 
mended  by  the  historian  Prescott.  His 
other  works  include  Peter  Pilgrim,  a  col 
lection  of  tales  and  sketches,  notable  as 
containing  almost  the  earliest  description 
of  the  Mammoth  Cave;  Sheppard  Lee; 
The  Hawks  of  Hawk  Hollow;  Adventures 
of  Robin  Day;  and  three  successful  dra 
mas,  The  Broker  of  Bogota;  Oraoosa;  and 
The  Gladiator.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1854,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BIRDSALL,  AUSBURN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress,  from  that  state, 
from  1847  to  1849;  and  was  subsequently 
appointed  naval  storekeeper  in  New  York 
city. 

BIRDSALL,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1815  to  1817;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  assembly  of  that  state  in 
1837. 

BIRDSALL,  SAMUEL,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress,  fr"om 
New  York,  from  1837  to  1839. 

BIRDSALL,  WILLIAM  RANDALL, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1852, 
in  Greene,  N.  Y.  He  was  graduated  in 
medicine  at  the  university  of  Michigan  in 
1876,  entered  upon  practice  in  New  York 
city,  subsequently  studied  neurology  in 
Europe,  and  after  his  return  was  engaged 
as  a  clinical  teacher  on  nervous  diseases. 
Besides  articles  in  medical  journals  and 
cyclopedias,  he  has  written  Electro-Ther 
apeutics  and  Electro-Diagnosis. 

BIRDSELL,  JOHN  C.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  March  31,  1815,  in  Westchester 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  actively  engaged  In 
devising  new  improvements  on  the  ma 
chinery  for  threshing  and  hulling  clover. 

BIRDSEYE,  GEORGE,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  21,  1844,  in  New  York 
city.  The  first  volume  of  poems  from  his 
pen  was  entitled  Woman  and  the  War; 
and  in  1892  appeared  Vanities  in  Verse. 
He  is  the  author  of  numerous  popular 
songs,  and  a  regular  contributor  to  cur 
rent  publications. 

BIRDSEYE,  VICTORY,  state  senator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress,  from  New  York,  from  1815  to 
1817,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843;  a  dele 
gate  to  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  1821;  and  a  state  senator  in  1821 
and  1829,  as  well  as  member  of  the  as 
sembly  for  three  years.  He  died  Sept.  16, 
1853. 

BIRGE,  EDWARD  ASAHEL,  educator, 
zoologist,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1851,  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.  He  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B. 
and  A.  M.  from  Williams  college;  and  the 
degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Howard  university. 
He  is  a  successful  educator  and  writer  on 
Crustacea  and  life  of  fresh  water  lakes. 
He  is  professor  of  zoology  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Wisconsin,  and  dean  of  the  col 
lege  of  letters  and  science  of  the  same  in 
stitution. 

BIRGE,  HENRY  WARNER,  soldier, 
was  born  Aug.  25,  1825,  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  Before  the  surrender  of  this 
stronghold  General  Birge  vdlunteered  to 
organize  and  lead  a  volunteer  battalion 
to  carry  the  confederate  works  by  as 
sault.  His  services  were  recognized  by 
the  brevet  of  major-general  of  volunteers, 
and  by  a  vote  of  thanks  from  the  legisla 
ture  of  his  native  state.  He  died  June  1, 
1888,  in  New  York  city. 

BIRKBECK,  MORRIS,  traveler,  author, 
purchased  16,000  acres  of  land  in  Illinois, 


founded  the  town  of  New  Albion,  and  re 
sided  there.  When  the  state  was  organ 
ized  in  1818  he  opposed  the  introduction 
of  slavery  into  it.  He  was  the  author  of 
Notes  on  a  Journey  Through  France;  and 
Notes  on  a  Journey  in  America,  in  which 
he  gave  sanguine  accounts  of  Illinois;  and 
of  Letters  from  Illinois.  He  was  drowned 
while  returning  from  a  visit  to  Robert 
Owen  at  New  Harmony,  Ind.  He  died  in 
1825. 

BIRKMIRE,  WILLIAM  HARVEY,  ar 
chitect,  engineer,  author,  was  born  June 
25,  1860,  at  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
and  private  schools  of  Philadelphia,  stud 
ied  architecture  four  years  with  Samuel 
Sloan,  'architect  and  author,  and  at  the 
same  time  graduated  from  the  Philadel 
phia  Academy  of  Music.  In  1885  he  re 
moved  to  New  York  to  take  charge  of  the 
construction  department  of  the  Jackson 
architectural  iron  works;  and  in  1892  of 
the  J.  B.  and  J.  M.  Cornell  iron  works, 
the  largest  architectural  iron  works  in 
America;  and  during  this  time  he  made 
the  practical  steel  details  for  large  com 
mercial  buildings  and  the  Astor  hotels. 
During  1894-98  he  was  architect  and  en 
gineer  for  John  T.  Williams  on  the  Cen 
tral  bank  building,  the  Silk  exchange 
building,  Lord's  court  building,  and  many 
other  prominent  buildings  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Planning 
and  Construction  of  High  Office  Build 
ings;  Skeleton  Construction  in  Buildings; 
Architectural  Iron  and  Steel;  The  Plan 
ning  and  Construction  of  American  Thea 
ters;  and  other  works. 

BIRNEY,  DAVID  BILL,  soldier,  was 
born  May  29,  1825,  in  nuntsville,  Ala. 
He  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  army  during  the 
civil  war;  was  first  made  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers  and  afterward  pro 
moted  major-general  of  volunteers.  He 
died  Oct.  18,  1864,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BIRNEY,  JAMES,  state  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  June  7,  1817,  in  Dan 
ville,  Ky.  He  was  a  state  senator  in 
Michigan  in  1859,  and  was  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  state  and  acting  governor 
in  1861-63.  He  was  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Grant,  in  1876,  minister  at  the 
Hague,  and  held  that  office  until  1882. 

BIRNEY,  JAMES  GILLESPIE,  states 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1792,  in 
Danville,  Ky.  He  was  a  statesman  famous 
for  his  opposition  to  slavery,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Ten  Letters  on  Slavery  and  Colo 
nization;  Addresses  .  and  Speeches;  and 
American  Churches  the  Bulwarks  of 
American  Slavery,  are  among  his  writ 
ings.  He  died  Nov.  25,  1857,  in  Perth 
Amboy,  N.  J. 

BIRNEY,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  May  28,  1819,  near 
Huntsville,  Ala.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Greene 
academy,  Centre  col 
lege,  Miami  univer- 
•  !•  sity,  and  Yale  col 
lege.  During  the  war 
(£J  he  served  as  a  pri 
vate,  captain,  major, 
lieutenant  colonel 
and  colonel  in  the 
B  New  Jersey  volun 
teers;  and  was  brig 
adier-general  and 
brevet  major-gener 
al  in  the  United 
States  volunteers.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Columbia,  Washington,  D.  C., 
and  the  author  of  several  books. 

BISBEE,  FREDERICK  A.,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1855,  in 
Nunda,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  distinguished  cler 
gyman  of  the  unlversalist  church  of  Phil 


adelphia,  Pa.;  the  editor  of  The  Christian 
Leader;  and  the  author  of  a  number  of 
excellent  short  stories  and  poems. 

BISBEE,  HORATIO,  JR.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  May  1,  1839, 
in  Canton,  Maine.  He  entered  the  union 
army  in  1861  as  a  private  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  colonel.  He  located  at  Jackson 
ville,  Fla.,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
law  there  in  1865;  was  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  from  1869  to  1873;  and  was 
for  a  short  time  attorney-general  of  the 
state.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Florida  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses. 

BISHOP,  JAMES,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 
He  was  bred,  a  merchant;  and  served  in 
tiie  legislature  of  his  native  state;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1855  to  j.oo7. 

BISHOP,  JAMES  REMSEN,  educator, 
was  born  Sept.  17,  1860,  in  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.  J.  He  undertook  the  difficult 
task  of  building  up  the  preparatory  school 
founded  by  Henry  E.  Marquand  in  Prince 
ton.  Success  beyond  all  expectations  re 
warded  his  novel  methods  of  school  gov 
ernment  and  instruction.  He  was  chosen 
principal  in  1896  of  the  Walnut  Hills  high 
school  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

BISHOP,  JOEL  PRENTISS,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1814  in  Volney,  N.  Y. 
He  is  an  eminent  jurist  of  Boston,  and 
the  author  of  Commentaries  on  Criminal 
Law;  Marriage  and  Divorce;  The  Law  of 
Married  Women;  Thoughts  for  the 
Times;  First  Book  of  the  Law;  Directions 
and  Forms;  Criminal  Procedure;  Statu 
tory  Crimes;  Prosecution  and  Defense; 
and  The  Written  Laws. 

BISHOP,  LEVI,  lawyer,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  15,  1815,  in  Russell,  Mass. 
He  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in 
1842,  and  from  1846^  till  1858  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Detroit  board  of  education. 
The  largest  school  building  in  Detroit 
now  bears  his  name,  and  he  was  a  regent 
of  the  state  university  from  1857  till  1863. 
He  was  much  interested  in  the  early  his 
tory  of  the  west,  organized  the  Detroit 
Pioneer  society  in  1871,  and  was  its  presi 
dent  till  his  death.  He  lectured  occasion 
ally  on  literary  topics,  and  published  The 
Dignity  of  Labor,  a  poem;  and  Teuchsa 
Grondie,  a  poem  in  twenty-eight  cantos, 
devoted  to  the  Indian  lore  of  Detroit  river 
in  1870.  He  died  Dec.  23,  1881,  in  Detroit, 
Mich. 

BISHOP,  NATHANIEL  HOLMES,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1837  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  writer  of  entertaining  travels, 
and  the  author  of  A  Thousand  Miles' 
Walk  Across  South  America;  The  Voyage 
of  the  Paper  Canoe;  and  Four  Months  in 
a  Sneak  Box. 

BISHOP,  PHANUEL,  state  senator, 
congressman.  From  1787  to  1791  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  sen 
ate;  and  in  1792,  1793,  1797,  and  1798,  a 
representative  in  the.  state  legislature.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  Ii99  to  1807. 

BISHOP,  RICHARD  M.,  merchant,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1812,  in  Flem 
ing  county,  Ky.  In  1848  he  removed  to 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  the 
wholesale  grocery  business;  was  remark 
ably  successful,  and  amassed  a  fortune. 
In  1857  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
city  council  of  Cincinnati,  and  in  1858  be 
came  president  of  the  council;  and  in  1859 
was  elected  mayor  of  the  city  for  a  term 
of  two  years.  In  1873  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  state  constitutional  conven 
tion;  and  in'1877  was  elected  governor  of 
Ohio. 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


115 


BISHOP,  ROBERT  HAMILTON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  26,  1777,  in 
Scotland.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  Ohio,  and  president  of  Miami  uni 
versity,  in  1824-41.  He  was  the  author  of 
Sermons;  Elements  of  Logic;  Philosophy 
of  the  Bible;  Science  of  Government; 
Western  Peacemaker;  and  Memoirs  of 
David  Rice.  He  died  April  29,  1855,  in 
College  Hill,  Ohio. 

BISHOP,  ROSEWELL  P.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1843, 
in  Sidney,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as 
a  private  in  com 
pany  C,  forty-third 
New  York  volunteer 
infantry;  and  in 
1862,  he  was  wound 
ed  at  Lees  Mills,  Va., 
necessitating  the 
amputation  of  his 
right  arm.  He  com 
menced  practicing 
law  at  Ludington, 
Mich.,  and  was  elect 
ed  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  Mason 
county  in  1876,  1878,  and  1884.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Michigan  legislature  in  1882 
and  1892,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

BISHOP,  SETH  SCOTT,  physician,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1852,  in 
Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.  He  has  been  profes 
sor  of  Chicago  post  graduate  medical 
school  and  hospital;  professor  in  the  Illi 
nois  medical  college;  surgeon  to  the 
Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  infirmary; 
and  consulting  surgeon  to  the  Silver  Cross 
hospital  of  Joliet.  He  has  invented  num 
erous  surgical  instruments  and  apparatus, 
in  general  use  by  the  medical  profession. 

BISHOP,  WILLIAM  D.,  lawyer,  railroad 
president,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
4,  1827,  in  Bloomfield,  N.  J.  He  graduat 
ed  at  Yale  college  in  1849;  studied  law 
as  a  profession,  but  soon  engaged  almost 
exclusively  in  railroad  business,  being  for 
several  years  president  of  the  Naugatuck 
railroad  company;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress 
from  Connecticut.  In  1859,  was  appointed 
commissioner  of  patents.  In  1866  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  state  legislature. 

BISHOP,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1847,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  He  is  a  professor  in  Yale 
university,  and  the  author  of  Fish  and 
Men  in  the  Maine  Islands;  A  Househunt- 
er  in  Europe;  Writing  to  Rosina:  a 
novelette;  A  Pound  of  Cure:  a  Story  of 
Monte  Carlo;  Detmold;  The  House  of  a 
Merchant  Prince;  The  Golden  Justice; 
Choy  Susan  and  Other  Stories;  The 
Brown  Stone  Boy  and  Other  Queer  Peo 
ple;  Old  Mexico  and  her  Lost  Provinces, 
a  volume  of  travel;  and  The  Garden  of 
Eden. 

BISPHAM,  HENRY  COLLINS,  artist, 
was  born  in  1841,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In 
1869  he  sent  to  the  national  academy  On 
the  Campagna;  To  the  Front;  and  Noon 
day  Rest.  In  1875  he  exhibited  A  Misty 
Day;  and  in  1878  Tigris,  and  Landscape 
and  Cattle.  He  excels  in  pastoral  cattle- 
scenes  and  in  wild  landscapes  with  ani 
mals.  Among  his  other  paintings  are 
Dead  in  the  Desert;  Roman  Bull;  The 
Wine-Cart;  The  Raid;  Hunted  Down; 
Crouching  Lion;  and  The  Stampede. 

BISSELL,  CLARK,  lawyer,  jurist,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1782  in  Lebanon,  Conn. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1806; 
studied  law  and  settled  at  Norwalk.  From 
1829  to  1839  he  was  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state;  in  1847  and  1848  was 
governor  of  the  state;  and  was  Kent  pro 


fessor  of  law  in  Yale  college  from  1847 
to  1855.  He  died  Sept.  15,  1857,  in  Nor 
walk,  Conn. 

BISSELL,  EDWIN  CONE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1832,  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  congregational  clergyman  of  Chi 
cago,  and  the  author  of  Analysis  of  the 
Codes;  The  Historic  Origin  of  the  Bible; 
The  Pentateuch:  its  Origin  and  Structure; 
Biblical  Antiquities;  Practical  Introduc 
tory  Hebrew  Grammar;  and  Genesis 
Printed  in  Colours,  showing  original 
sources  of  compilation. 

BISSELL,  GEORGE  HENRY,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  8,  1821,  in  Hanover,  N.  H. 
He  retained  his  connection  with  the  oil 
industry  for  many  years,  built  a  railroad 
in  the  oil  regions  and  established  several 
banks  there.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1884,  in 
New  York  city. 

BISSELL,  HERBERT  PORTER,  law 
yer,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1856,  in  New  Lon 
don,  N.  Y.  In  1886  he  joined  the  partner 
ship  of  Brundage,  Weaver  &  Bissell;  and 
in  1887  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Bissell,  Sicard,  Brundage  &  Bissell,  with 
which  he  is  still  connected.  He  is  a  trus 
tee  to  several  colleges;  and  the  president 
and  founder  of  the  Cleveland  democracy 
of  Buffalo. 

BISSELL,  J.  B.,  jurist.  He  is  a  judge 
of  the  court  of  appeals  of  Colorado. 

BISSELL,  JOSEPH  BIDLEMAN,  phy 
sician,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1859,  in  Lake- 
ville,  Conn.  He  received  the  appointment 
of  instructor  of  surgery  at  the  New  York 
Polyclinic  in  1886,  and  in  1889  at  the  New 
York  post  graduate  medical  schools  and 
hospitals.  In  1895  he  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  chief  surgeon  to  the  out 
door  department  of  St.  Vincent's  hospital, 
with  surgical  work  in  the  wards  of  the 
hospital. 

BISSELL,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  Aug. 
4,  1843,  in  Canada.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Northwestern  university  and 
graduated  in  1867.  He  became  professor 
of  Latin  and  Greek  in  the  Northern  In 
diana  college  in  1868;  was  principal  of 
Brookston  academy  in  1869;  and  since 
1873  has  been  president  of  the  Upper 
Iowa  university  of  Fayette. 

BISSELL,  JOSIAH  WOLCOTT,  engin 
eer,  was  born  May  12,  1818,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.  He  was  engaged  before  the  civil 
war  in  banking,  and  in  architectural  and 
engineering  work.  During  the  war  he 
was  colonel  of  an  engineer  regiment  at 
tached  to  Gen.  Pope's  army,  and  super 
intended  the  construction  of  the  canal 
that  enabled  the  national  gun-boats  to  ap 
proach  the  confederate  works  on  Island 
No.  10  in  Mississippi  river. 

BISSELL,  MELVILLE  R..  inventor, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1843,  in 
Hartwick,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  inventor  of 
the  Bissell  carpet  sweeper.  In  1883  he  or 
ganized  a  stock  company  for  manufactur 
ing  his  carpet  sweeper,  and  the  business 
increased  until  it  became  the  largest  of 
its  kind  in  the  world.  He  died  March  15, 
1889,  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

BISSELL,  PELHAM  ST.  GEORGE, 
capitalist,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1858,  in  New 
York  city.  The  Adirondacks  Pulp  com 
pany  was  organized  by  him,  afterward 
being  merged  in  The  International  Pulp 
company. 

BISSELL,  SIMON  B.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Oct.  28,  1808,  in  Vermont.  He  was 
attached  to  the  sloop  Albany,  during  the 
war  with  Mexico;  and  was  present  at  the 
siege  of  Vera  Cruz.  He  served  with  dis 
tinction  through  the  civil  war  and  was 
promoted  to  commodore.  He  died  Feb. 
18,  1883,  in  Paris,  France. 


BISSELL,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
April  25,  1811,  in  Hartwick,  N.  Y.  In  1840 
he  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  state  legis 
lature.  In  1844  was  elected  a  prosecut 
ing  attorney.  He  served  with  distinction 
in  the  Mexican  war;  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Illinois  from  1849  to 
1855;  and  in  1856  was  elected  governor  of 
Illinois  for  four  years.  He  died  March 
18,  1860,  in  Springfield,  111. 

BISSELL,  WILLIAM  HENRY  AUGUS 
TUS,  bishop,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1814,  in 
Randolph,  Vt.  He  was  elected  Protestant 
Episcopal  bishop  of  Vermont,  and  conse 
crated  in  Christ's  church,  Montpelier, 
June  3,  1868. 

BISSELL,  WILSON  SHANNON,  post 
master  general,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1847,  in 
New  London,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  leading  law 
yer  of  the  state  of  New  York  at  Buffalo; 
and  a  director  in  several  railroad  com 
panies. 

BITTENBENDER,  ADA  M.  COLE,  law 
yer,  reformer,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1848,  in 
Bradford  county,  Pa.  In  1881-82  she  was 
secretary  and  president  of  the  Nebraska 
State  Suffrage  association;  and  from  1879- 
82  was  editor  of  the  Record  and  Polk 
County  Farmers'  Alliance.  During  1887- 
92  she  was  superintendent  of  the  legal  de 
partment  of  the  National  Woman's  Chris 
tian  Temperance  union;  and  since  1894 
has  been  president  of  Uncle  Sam's  Anti- 
Drunkard  Factory  concern  of  Lincoln, 
Neb. 

BITTENBENDER,  HENRY  CLAY, 
journalist,  lawyer,  reformer,  was  born 
June  19,  1851,  in  Afton,  Pa.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  Bloomsbury  normal 
college,  Gettysburg  college,  and  the 
Princeton  college,  N.  J.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  bright  journalist  and 
able  lawyer  of  Lincoln,  Neb.  He  has  been 
secretary  of  the  prohibition  party  of  Ne 
braska;  and  is  the  secretary  of  Uncle 
Sam's  Anti-Drunkard  Factory  concern,  of 
which  his  wife  is  president. 

BITTER,  KARL  THEODORE  FRAN 
CIS,  sculptor,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1867,  in 
Austria.  He  has  attained  success  as  a 
sculptor.  Among  his  works  that  have 
claimed  the  attention  of  the  public  is  the 
sculpture  on  the  administration  building 
and  manufactures  and  liberal  arts  build 
ing  of  the  World's  Columbian  exposition 
of  Chicago,  111. 

BITTINGER,  JOHN  LAWRENCE, 
journalist,  statesman,  was  born  Nov.  28, 
1833,  near  Chambersburg,  Pa.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  Ohio,  and  removed  to  Missouri 
in  1855.  During  1861-65  he  was  postmas 
ter  of  St.  Joseph;  was  a  member  of  the 
twenty-second,  twenty-sixth,  twenty- 
seventh,  and  twenty-eighth,  and  thirty- 
eighth  and  thirty-ninth  general  assem 
blies  of  Missouri;  and  has  always  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  national  conven 
tions  of  1872  and  1896;  and  in  1897  was 
appointed  consul-general  at  Montreal, 
Canada.  He  is  also  a  successful  journal 
ist,  and  since  1860  has  been  the  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Herald  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

BIXBY,  JAMES  THOMPSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  30,  1843,  in 
Barre,  Mass.  He  has  filled  important 
pastorates  in  the  Unitarian  church  in 
Massachusetts,  Maine,  Pennsylvania,  and 
New  York;  and  during  1879-83  was  pro 
fessor  of  religious  philosophy  in  the 
Meadville  theological  school.  He  is  the 
author  of  Religion  and  Science  as  Allies; 
and  The  Crisis  in  Morals. 


116 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BIXBY,  JOHN  MUNSON,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  February,  1800,  in  Fair- 
field,  Conn.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New 
York  city,  whose  two  novels  were  issued 
under  a  pseudonym.  He  was  the  author 
of  Standish  the  Puritan;  and  Overing,  or 
the  Heir  of  Wycherly.  He  died  Nov.  22, 
1876,  in  New  York. 

BIXBY,  MOSES  HOMAN,  missionary, 
clergyman,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1827,  in 
Warren,  N.  H.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  city;  attended  Newbury  semin 
ary,  Derby  academy,  and  Montreal  col 
lege;  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from 
Dartmouth  college,  and  the  degree  of  D. 
D.  from  the  Central  university  of  Iowa. 
He  first  served  four  years  as  a  pastor  in 
Vermont;  then  for  twelve  years  was  a 
missionary  in  Burmah,  India,  and  for  the 
past  thirty-three  years  has  been  a  pastor 
in  the  Baptist  church  of  Providence,  R.  I. 

BIXBY,  SAMUEL  M.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  May  27,  1833,  in  Haverhill,  N. 
H.  He  has  made  his  name  famous  as 
manufacturer  of  shoe  blacking;  his  busi 
ness  grew  to  gigantic  proportions  and 
now  occupies  the  whole  of  an  imposing 
structure;  and  extends  to  every  quarter 
of  the  habitable  globe. 

BLACK,  ALEXANDER,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1859,  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  Brooklyn  journalist,  and  literary 
editor  of  the  Brooklyn  Times.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Story  of  Ohio;  Photo 
graphy  Indoors  and  Out;  Miss  Jerry,  and 
a  Picture  Play. 

BLACK,  CHARLES  C.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  July  29,  1858,  in  Mount  Holly, 
N.  J.  Since  1881  he  has  practiced  law  in 
Jersey  City;  and  since  1891  has  been  a 
member  of  the  state  board  of  taxation. 
He  is  the  author  of  Proof  and  Pleadings 
in  Accident  Cases;  and  New  Jersey  Law 
of  Taxation. 

BLACK,  EDWARD  J.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1806  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 
He  commenced  his  public  life  by  going 
into  the  Georgia  state  legislature,  where 
he  served  for  several  years;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Georgia  in  1838,  remaining  there  until 
1845.  He  died  in  1846  in  Barnwell,  S.  C. 

BLACK,  FRANK  S.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  March  8,  1853, 
in  Llmington,  Maine.  He  was  editor  of 
the  Johnstown  Journal  for  a  short  time 
after  graduating  from  Dartmouth;  then 
removed  to  Troy,  where  he  studied  law 
and  was  a  newspaper  reporter.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1879  and  since 
that  time  has  followed  his  profession  in 
Troy.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourtn 
congress  as  a  republican;  and  has  filled 
the  high  office  of  governor  of  the  state 
of  New  York. 

BLACK,  GEORGE  R.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  March 
24,  1835,  in  Scriver  county,  Ga.  He  divid 
ed  his  attention  between  the  law  and 
agriculture;  and  served  in  the  confeder 
ate  army  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion, 
rising  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1865;  and  also  to 
the  democratic  national  convention  of 
1872.  He  was  a  state  senator  from  1874 
to  1877;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Georgia  to  the  forty-seventh  con 
gress. 

BLACK,  HENRY,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  25,  1783,  in  Somerset  coun 
ty.  Pa.  He  was  the  father  of  Judge  J.  S. 
Black.  In  1815  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature,  and  for  three  successive  years 
afterwards.  In  1820  he  was  appointed  an 


associate  judge  of  his  county,  and  held  the 
office  for  twenty  years.  In  1841  he  was 
chosen  to  fill  the  seat  in  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1841. 

BLACK,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1847. 

BLACK,  JAMES,  prohibitionist,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  23,  1823,  in  Lewisburg,  Pa. 
He  was  a  noted  Pennsylvania  advocate  of 
temperance  who  was  the  presidential 
nominee  of  the  prohibitionists  in  1872.  He 
is  the  author  of  Is  Prohibition  a  Neces 
sity;  History  of  the  Prohibition  Party; 
and  The  Prohibition  Party. 

BLACK,  JAMES  A.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He 
served  as  a  captain  in  the  war  of  1812; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1843  to  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  died  April  5,  1848,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

BLACK,  JAMES  C.  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  9,  1842,  in 
Stamping  Ground,  Ky.  He  was  a  private 
soldier  in  company  A,  ninth  Kentucky 
cavalry,  confederate  army;  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1866.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  over  Thomas 
E.  Watson,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  democrat  over  Wat 
son,  but  declined  to  enter  on  the  term  and 
resigned  March  4,  1895;  and  was  re-elect 
ed  at  a  special  election  held  October  2, 
1895. 

BLACK,  JAMES  FRED,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1859,  in  Nova 
Scotia.  He  has  attained  success  as  a 
clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church;  has  been  secretary  of  the  Al- 
gona  district  conference  for  five  terms; 
and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Anamosa, 
Iowa.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Bible  Way, 
and  contributes  extensively  to  religious 
literature. 

BLACK,  JAMES  RUSH,  physician,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  March  3,  1827, 
near  Glasgow,  Scotland.  During  the  war 
he  was  surgeon  in  the  one  hundred  and 
thirteenth  regiment  Ohio  volunteer  in 
fantry,  and  director  of  Gen.  Gilbert's 
staff;  and  later  became  professor  of  hy 
giene  in  the  Ohio  Medical  college.  He  is 
the  author  of  Ten  Laws  of  Health;  and 
has  contributed  numerous  articles  on  hy 
giene  to  current  literature. 

BLACK,  JEREMIAH  S.,  jurist,  was 
born  Jan.  10,  1810,  in  Glades,  Pa.  In  1842 
he  was  appointed  presiding  judge  of  the 
judicial  district  in  which  he  lived;  in 
1851  was  elected  to  the  bench  of  the  state 
supreme  court,  and  made  chief  justice; 
and  was  re-elected  in  1854.  In  1857  he 
became  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States;  and  was  secretary  of  state  in 
1860-61,  when  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
law.  He  died  Aug.  9,  1883,  In  York,  Pa. 

BLACK,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
at  one  time  a  resident  of  Louisiana,  but 
removing  to  Mississippi,  was  elected  a 
senator  in  congress,  from  1832  to  1838.  He 
died  Aug.  29,  1854,  in  Winchester,  Va. 

BLACK,  JOHN,  state  legislator,  was 
born  in  France.  He  has  lived  in  America 
since  1846,  and  in  Milwaukee  since  1857. 
He  has  always  been  a  democrat,  and  has 
twice  received  the  party  nomination  for 
congress.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Wis 
consin  state  legislature;  and  served  with 
distinction  as  mayor  of  Milwaukee. 

BLACK,  JOHN,  diplomatist,  was  born 
in  1792  in  New  York.  He  was  for  forty 
years  a  resident  of  Mexico,  where  he  was 
a  consul  of  the  United  States,  and  also 
minister  resident  there  during  the  Mexi 
can  war.  He  died  Nov.  19.  1873,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y. 


BLACK,  JOHN  CHARLES,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1839,  in  Lexing 
ton,  Miss.  He  graduated  from  the  Wa- 
bash  college  of  Crawfordsville.  During 
the  civil  war  he  served  as  colonel  in  the 
thirty-seventh  Illinois  volunteers;  and 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general  United 
States  volunteers.  He  was  commissioner 
of  pensions,  congressman-at-large  from  Il 
linois;  and  United  States  attorney  for 
the  northern  district  of  Illinois.  He  is 
best  known  as  an  eminent  lawyer,  prac 
ticing  in  Chicago  and  before  the  depart 
ment  in  Washington,  and  in  the  supreme 
courts  of  Illinois  and  the  United  States. 

BLACK,  JOHN  FISHER,  soldier,  broker, 
was  born  Dec.  23,  1841,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Lou 
isiana  guards  in  1861;  and  attained  the 
rank  of  lieutenant.  In  1869  he  was  en 
gaged  in  the  cotton  brokerage  business; 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Cotton 
exchange;  and  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Confederate  Veteran  camp  of  New 
York. 

BLACK,  SAMUEL  W.,  jurist,  governor, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  ap 
pointed  from  that  state  an  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  court  for  the 
territory  of  Nebraska;  and  was  appointed 
governor  of  that  territory  in  1861,  remain 
ing  in  office  until  1867. 

BLACK,  WARREN  COLUMBUS,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  May 
24,  1843,  in  Copiah  county,  Miss.  He  ac 
quired  a  superior  ed- 
u  cat  ion,  chiefly 
through  his  own  ef 
forts;  and  was  suc 
cessively  placed  in 
charge  of  the  lead 
ing  churches  of  his 
conference.  In  1861 
he  entered  the  con 
federate  army  and 
served  continuously 
until  the  close  of  the 

war  in  1865.    He  was 

licensed  to  preach  in 

May,  1864,  being  at  that  time  a  first  lieu 
tenant  in  the  confederate  service;  and  he 
distinguished  himself  as  a  soldier,  as  he 
has  since  in  his  ministerial  career.  In 
1886,  1890,  and  1894  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  general  conference.  In  1886  he  de 
clined  the  presidency  of  Whitworth  Fe 
male  college  of  Brookhaven,  Miss.;  and  the 
same  year  declined  the  presidency  of  the 
Centenary  college  of  Jackson,  La.  Since 
1893  he  has  been  editor  and  owner  of  the 
New  Orleans  Christian  Advocate.  Dr. 
Black  lectured  in  nine  different  states; 
and  three  of  his  lectures — God  in  Nature; 
Genesis  and  Geology;  Is  Man  Immortal — 
have  attracted  much  attention.  He  is  the, 
author  of  Philosophy  of  Methodism;  Tem 
perance  and  Teetotalism;  Christian  Wom 
anhood;  and  other  works. 

BLACK,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
March  19,  1854,  in  Centerville,  Ind.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Waynesburg  semi 
nary,  and  has  filled  important  pastorates 
in  the  presbyterian  church.  In  1890  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Missouri 
Valley  college  of  Marshall,  Mo.  He  is  the 
author  of  God,  Our  Father;  Womanhood; 
and  Sermons  for  the  Sunday  School. 

BLACKBURN,  GIDEON,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1772, 
in  Augusta  county,  Ga.  He  passed  the 
last  forty  years  of  his  life  in  the  western 
states,  in  preaching,  organizing  churches, 
and,  from  1803  to  1809,  during  a  part  of 
each  year,  in  his  mission  to  the  Chero- 
kees,  establishing  a  school  at  Hywassee. 
He  established  a  school  in  Tennessee  in 
1806,  and  from  1827  till  1830  was  presi 
dent  of  Center  college,  Ky.  He  died  Aug. 
23,  1838,  in  Carllnville,  III. 


BLACKBURN,  JOSEPH   C.    S      lawyer 

dlrmf  edwtat,efS  Senator-  ™  ^  born' 
,  1838,  m  Woodford  county,  Ky.    He 

entered  the  confed 
erate  army  in  1861 
and  served  through 
out  the  war;  and  re 
sumed  the  practice 
of  law  in  1865.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  of 
Kentucky  in  1871 
and  1873;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  house  in 
the  fort  y-fourth, 
forty-fifth,  forty- 


HERRJNGSHAW-S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


democrat,  and  served  during 


BLACKBURN,    LUKE    P      statesman 
r  °f  Kentucky  from       D 


BLACKBURN,  WILLIAM,  pioneer  was 
born  in  1814  in  Virginia  g°  WMt  to 
California  in  1845,  took  part  as  volunteer 
m  the  conquest  of  that  country  in  ?846- 
47,  and  was  appointed  alcalde  at  Santa 
ffl  'mmediately  thereafter.  In  this 
office  he  served  two  years,  and  in  1850 
was  elected  county  judge  of  Santa  Cruz 
county.  He  died  in  1867  in  CaUfornia 


JASPER, 

1820,  in  Arkansa^^  H^wIfaSfe^anti 
became    the    editor    of    a    newspaper   "n 
Lou.siana,  called  the  Homer  Iliad;     and 
»   an   occasional   writer   in   prose   and 
He   was   a   member   of   the   state 
constitutional    convention    of    1868      and 
elected  a  representative  from  Louis 
iana  to  the  fortieth  congress. 

BLACKBURN,  WILLIAM  MAXWELL 

clergyman,  college  president,  author    was 

born  Dec   30,  1828,  in  Carlisle,  Ind.    He  Is 

Presbyterian  clergyman,  and  since  1886 

;  been  president  of  Pierre  university  of 

South  Dakota.     Among  his  many  works 

'    on    religion    and    biography,    are 

,or(y.  °f  tne   Christian   Church;     Gen- 

ivas  bhield;     Exiles  of  Madeira;     Judas 

theMaccabee;    The  Rebel  Prince;    College 

Days  of  Calvin;    Young  Calvin  in  Paris'- 

AH  -atr,lck,  and  the  Early  Irish  Church;' 

Admiral    Coligny    and    the    Rise    of    the 

luguenots;     The    Theban     Legion;     and 

Uncle  Alick  series  of  juvenile  tales. 
BLACKFORD,      EUGENE      GILBERT 
merchant,  banker,  was  born  Aug.  8    1839* 
m  Morristown,  N.  J.     Since  1879  he  has 
een  officially  connected  with  the  restock- 
g  of  lakes  and  streams,  and  the  hatch 
ing  of  food  fish,  being  for  thirteen  years 
president   of   the   state   fish   commission, 
s  president  of  the  Bedford   bank   in 
Brooklyn. 

BLACKFORD,  ISAAC  NEWTON  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  6  1786  in 
Bound  Brook,  N.  J.  He  was  judge  of 'the 
first  district  court  of  Indiana  in  1814-15- 
speaker  of  the  first  state  legislature  in 
sib;  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  In 
diana  from  1819  to  1835;  and  judge  of 
the  United  States  court  of  claims  from 
i»55  until  his  death.  He  died  Dec  31 
1859.  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


BLACKLEDGE,    WILLIAM,    legislator 
a°nmee™rn-    ,He  WaS  for  8«vc»    years 
of    Z^hr  n°f   ,the     general     assembly 
North     Carolina;     and     served    that 
state    as    a    representative    in    congress 

£°™  "n  t0  18°9'  and  from  18H  °o  1813s' 
He  died  Oct.  19,  1828,  in  Spring  Hill,  N  £ 

BLACKLEDGE,  WILLIAM  S.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Pitt  county    N    C 

rNn  tmember,.°f  the  general  assembly 
North  Carolina;  and  was  elected  to 
congress  from  that  state  for  the  term 
1fl8°m.18?Jl  to  1823.  He  died  March"" 
1867,  in  Newbern,  N.  C. 

BLACKLOCK,  THOMAS  W.,  physician 
surgeon,  was  born  May  28,  1843,  in  Scot 
land.  He  graduated  from  the  college  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Keokuk 
He  has  been  examining  surgeon 
tor  three  of  the  most  prominent  life  in 
surance  companies;  and  for  several  local 
life  insurance  companies.  He  has  neld 
the  position  of  health  officer  for  several 
years,,  and  is  an  eminent  physician  and 
surgeon  of  New  Boston,  111. 

BLACKMAN,  GEORGE  CuRTIS,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  was  born  April  20  I»i9 
in  Newtown,  Conn.  He  was  a  bold  and 
skillful  operator,  and  an  able  writer  and 
lecturer.  He  translated  and  edited  Vidal's 
Treatment  on  Venereal  Disease;  anu  ed 
ited  a  new  edition  of  Mott's  translation 
of  Velpeau's  Surgery,  with  notes  and  ad 
ditions  of  his  own.  During  the  war  he 
served  as  army  surgeon.  He  died  July 
19,  1871,  in  Avondale,  Ohio. 

BLACKMAN,  SAMUEL  HALL,  civil 
engineer,  lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born 
April  6,  1814,  in  Aurora,  Ohio.  He  moved 
to  Michigan  in  1842, 
and  since  1844  has 
practiced  law  in  Paw 
Paw.  He  has  been 
a  county  surveyor; 
and  for  many  years 
was  a  field  engineer 
on  the  Michigan 
Central  and  other 
railroads.  During 
1863-64  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Mich- 
igan  state  senate-  a 

Btltutlonal  convention  of^Vand^a  °C 
resentative  in  the  Michigan  house  in  1873- 


117 

Conn.     In  1877  his  company  erected  the 
Pequot  Cotton  mills  in  Montville  Conn 

BLACKSTONE,  TIMOTHY  B.,' railroad 
president,   was    born   March   28,    1829 
Branford    Conn.     Since  1864  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Chicago  and  Alton  rail- 


BLACKMAR,  ESBON,  congressman 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  ao48  to  1849,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and 
also  served  two  years  in  the  state  as 
sembly  from  Wayne  county. 

BLACKMAR,    FRANK    WILSON     edu 
cator,  author,   was  born  Nov.  3,  1854    in 
Springfield,  Pa.     He  graduated  from  'the 
Johns   Hopkins   uni- 
versity,  and  has  be 
come  very  prominent 
in  educational  work. 
He   has   been    feuow 
in  history  and  pon- 
tics,    and    instructor 
in    history,     in     the 
Johns   Hopkins   uni 
versity;    and  profes 
sor    of    history    and 
sociology  in  the  uni 
versity     of     Kansas. 
He  is  the  author  of 
Federal   and    State   Aid   to   Higher   Edu 
cation  m  the  United  States;    Spanish  Col 
onization  in  the  Southwest;    Spanish  In 
stitutions  m  the  Southwest;  The  Story  of 
Human  Progress;    Economics  for  Reading 
Clubs  and  Schools;    and  other  works    be- 


BLACKSTONE,    LORENZO,    manufac 
turer,    was    born    in    1819,    in    Branford, 


«'  ,     pioneer. 

is  said  that  he  planted  the  first  orchard 
in  Massachusetts,  and  also  the  first  in 
Rhode  isiand.  Although  the  first  white 
settler  of  Rhode  Island,  he  took  no  part 
m  founding  the  colony. 

BLACKWELL,  ANDREW  JACKSON 
s° ld'e,r-  r.ailroad  president,  was  born  Jan.' 
29  1842,  in  Georgia.  He  entered  the  con 
federate  army  in  the  third  Georgia  volun 
teers.  In  1882  he  took  up  a  site  at  what 
s  now  Blackwell,  on  the  Cherokee  strip 
in  Oklahoma  territory,  a  location  not  at 
the  time  highly  prized  by  others.  He  has 
been  its  mayor  and  justice  of  the  peace 
He  also  founded  the  town  of  Rock  Falls 
O.  T .;  and  he  is  president  of  the  North 
Oklahoma  railroad. 

T  ^TACKWELL>  MRS-  ANTOINETTE 
ISA,  minister,  author,  was  born  May 
20,  1825,  in  Henrietta,  N.  Y.  She  is  a 
Unitarian  minister  prominent  in  the  wom 
an  suffrage  movement;  and  is  the  author 
of  Studies  in  General  Science;  The  Mar 
ket  Woman;  The  Island  Neighbors-  a 
novel  of  American  life;  The  Sexes 
Throughout  Nature;  The  Physical  Basis 
of  Immortality;  and  The  Many  and  The 
One. 

BLACKWELL,  ELIZABETH  physician 
author,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1821, 'in  Bristol' 
England.  She  is  a  physician  of  New  York 
city,  who,  with  her  sister  Emily,  organ 
ized  the  woman's  medical  college  of  the 
New  York  infirmary.  She  is  the  author 
of  Laws  of  Life,  or  the  Physical  Educa 
tion  of  Girls;  Counsel  to  Parents  in  the 
Moral  Education  of  Their  Children-  and 
Pioneer  Work  in  Opening  the  Medical 
Profession  to  Women. 

BLACKWELL,  JAMES  HEYWARD 
educator,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1862,  in  Mari 
on,  Va.  He  is  an  expert  penman  and  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics.  He  has  taught  in 
many  leading  educational  institutions 
and  since  1888  has  been  principal  of  the 
public  high  school  of  Manchester  Va 

BLACKWELL,  JULIUS  W.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1839  to  1841,  and  again  from 

BLACKWELL,  LUCY  STONE,  aboli 
tionist,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1818,  in  West 
Brookfield,  Mass.  By  hard  work  between 
the  hours  of  study  she  educated  herself  at 
Oberlin  college;  graduated  with  high  hon 
ors  and  became  an  agent  and  lecturer  for 
the  Massachusetts  Anti-Slavery  society,  in 
which  capacity  she  often  pleaded  for  the 
rights  of  women  as  well"  as  for  those 
of  the  slave.  In  1855  she  was  married  to 
Henry  B.  Blackwell,  but  still  retained  her 
maiden  name.  She  died  Oct.  18,  1893,  in 
Dorchester.  Mass. 

BLACKWELL,  SARAH  ELLEN,  artist, 
author,  was  born  in  1828  in  England. 
She  is  a  successful  writer,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Life  of  Anna  Ella  Carroll. 
Her  especial  subjects  of  interest  are  land 
and  labor  reform,  woman  suffrage,  and 
anti-vivisection. 

BLACKWOOD,  ROBERT  E.  L.,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1865  in 
Cabell  county,  W.  Va.  He  graduated  from 
the  state  university  of  West  Virginia  with 
the  degree  of  B.  L.  For  many  years  he 
has  been  engaged  in  educational  work- 
and  is  now  successfully  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Charleston 
W.  Va. 


118 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BLACKWOOD,  WILLIAM  G.,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  settled  in 
Missouri,  from  which  state  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  New  Mexico. 

BLADEN,  THOMAS,  governor  of  Mary 
land,  lived  in  the  eighteenth  century. 
During  his  administration  the  western 
boundary  of  the  province  was  fixed  by 
treaty  with  the  Indians,  and  the  manu 
facture  of  flour  began  to  attract  the  at 
tention  of  the  government. 

BLAIKIE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  May  24,  1843,  in  York,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  lawyer  and  athlete  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  How  to  Get 
Strong;  and  Sound  Bodies  for  Our  Boys 
and  Girls. 

ELAINE,  HARRY  GORDON,  physician, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1858, 
in  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools  of  Attica, 
Ohio;  at  the  Northwestern  Normal  uni 
versity  of  Fostoria,  and  the  Republic 
academy.  In  1884  he  founded  the  Ameri 
can  Medical  Compend,  of  which  he  was 
editor  and  owner  for  the  ten  succeeding 
years.  During  1885-92  he  was  professor 
of  diseases  of  the  mind  and  nervous  sys 
tem  in  the  Toledo  Medical  college.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Physician:  His  Rela 
tion  to  the  Law;  A  Manual  on  Venereal 
Diseases;  Elaine's  Medical  Footprints: 
and  other  works. 

ELAINE,  JAMES  GILLESP1E,  states 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1830,  in 
Washington  county,  Pa.  He  graduated  at 
Washington  college 
in  1847;  adopted  the 
profession  of  an  ed 
itor;  removed  to 
Maine;  and  edited 
the  Kennebec  Jour 
nal  and  Portland 
Advertiser  for  sever 
al  years.  He  served 
four  years  in  the 
Maine  legislature, 
two  years  as  speak 
er  of  the  house.  In 
1862  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Maine  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  committee  on  post  offices  and  post 
roads.  Re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress,  serving  on  the  committee  on 
military  affairs,  the  special  committee  on 
the  death  of  President  Lincoln,  and  as 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  the  war 
debts  of  the  loyal  states.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first  con 
gresses,  and  made  speaker  of  the  house, 
holding  the  same  position  during  the 
forty-second  and  forty-third  congresses. 
He  was  also  re-elected  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress;  and  in  1876  was  elected  United 
States  senator,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1883. 
He  resigned  in  1881,  to  accept  the  post  of 
secretary  of  state  in  the  cabinet  of  Presi 
dent  Garfleld,  serving  from  March  until 
December  of  that  year.  He  was  an  un 
successful  candidate  for  president  of  the 
United  States  in  1884.  He  was  the  author 
of  Twenty  Years  of  Congress.  He  died 
Jan.  27,  1893.  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

ELAINE,  WALKER,  diplomatist,  was  a 
resident  of  Maine.  He  received  a  col 
legiate  education;  and  in  1881  was  ap 
pointed  third  assistant  secretary  of  state. 
The  same  year  he  was  sent,  in  conjunc 
tion  with  W.  H.  Triscott,  as  a  special  en 
voy  to  Peru  and  Chili. 

BLAIR,  ALBERT  G.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  January,  1844,  in  Syra 
cuse,  N.  Y.  Since  1896  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Wheeling  and  Lake  Erie  rail 
way  at  Toledo,  Ohio. 


BLAIR,  ANDREW  ALEXANDER, 
chemist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1846, 
in  Woodford  county,  Ky.  He  is  a 
chemist  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author 
of  The  Chemical  Analysis  of  Iron;  and 
Methods  in  Analysis  of  Iron,  Steel,  Cop 
per,  and  Alloys  of  Copper,  Zinc,  and  Tin. 

BLAIR,  AUSTIN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1818,  in  Caro 
line,  N.  Y.  After  holding  the  local  offices 
of  county  clerk  and  prosecuting  attorney 
for  his  county,  he  was  elected  to  the 
Michigan  legislature,  and  afterwards  to 
the  senate  of  the  state.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Michigan  from  1861  to  1865;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  that 
state  to  the  fortieth,  forty-first  and  forty- 
second  congresses. 

BLAIR,  BARNARD,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1841 
to  1843. 

BLAIR,  CHAUNCEY  B.,  banker,  was 
born  June  18,  1810,  in  Biauford,  Mass.  In 
1861  he  removed  to  Chicago,  and  estab 
lished  a  private  bank,  which  in  1865  he 
organized  into  the  Merchants'  National 
bank,  becoming  its  president,  which  office 
he  held  until  his  death.  He  died  Jan.  30, 
1890. 

BLAIR,  MRS.  ELIZA  (NELSON),  au 
thor,  was  born  in  New  Hampshire.  She 
is  a  writer  of  Manchester,  N.  H.  Her 
novel,  'Lisbeth  Wilson,  gives  an  excellent 
picture  of  New  Hampshire  rural  life  a 
half  century  ago. 

BLAIR,  FRANCIS  t.vESTON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  19,  1821,  in  Lexington,  Xy.  He  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of 
the  law;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Mis 
souri  legislature  in 
1852-54.  He  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Missouri 
to  the  thirty-fifth 
and  thirty-seventh 
congresses.  He  was 
a  colonel  of  volun 
teers  in  1861;  in  1862 
was  appointed  a  ma 
jor-general  in  the 
army,  and  was  subsequently  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress.  In  1868  he 
was  nominated  for  vice-president  of  the 
United  States  on  the  ticket  with  Horatio 
Seymour,  and  was  defeated.  He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy  in 
1871-73.  In  1848  he  published  the  Life 
and  Public  Services  of  General  William  A. 
Butler.  He  died  July  8,  1875,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 

BLAIR,  HENRY  WILLIAM,  was  born 
Dec.  6,  1834,  in  Campton,  N.  H.  He  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  studied 

law;     was    admitted 

to   the   bar   in  1859; 
and  w;is  prosecuting 
1^^"~  [    attorney  for  Grafton 

t    county  in   1860.     He 

***  «tJ     I    served   'n   *ne  uni°n 
--aw   "          I    army   as   lieutenant- 
*  I    colonel     during     the 

war  of  the  rebellion. 
He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1866, 
and  a  state  senator 
in  1867  and  1868.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  forty-fourth  and  forty- 
fifth  congresses;  declined  a  renomination; 
and  was  elected  a  senator  of  the  United 
States  from  New  Hampshire,  for  the  term 
of  six  years;  and  in  1885  was  re-elected 
for  a  second  term.  He  also  served  in  the 
fifty-third  congress. 


BLAIR,  HUGH  M.,  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1853,  in  Caldwell 
county,  N.  C.  He  graduated  from  the 
Rutherford  college,  and  then  commenced 
educational  work.  He  was  principal  of 
the  Hickory  high  school  during  1876-81; 
and  for  awhile  was  editor  of  the  West 
ern  Carolinian,  of  Hickory,  N.  C.  In  1883 
he  entered  the  ministry  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church  south.  In  1895  he  be 
came  editor  of  the  North  Carolina  Chris 
tian  Advocate;  and  in  1896  was  made  pre 
siding  elder  in  the  western  North  Caro 
lina  conference. 

BLAIR,  JACOB  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  11,  1821,  in 
Parkersburg,  Va.  He  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  Ritchie  county  for  several 
years;  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Virginia  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress, 
and  in  1863  was  elected  a  representative 
from  the  new  state  of  West  Virginia  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress.  In  1867  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature;  and  was  United  States  min 
ister  to  Costa  Rica  from  1868  to  1872.  In 
1876  he  was  appointed  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Wyoming  territory, 
and  was  reappointed  in  1880,  and  again  in 
1884. 

BLAIR,  JAMES,  congressman,  was  bom 
in  Lancaster,  S.  C.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1821 
to  1822,  and  from  1829  to  1834.  He  died 
by  his  own  hand  April  1,  1834,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

BLAIR,  JAMES,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  in  1656  in  Lancaster, 
S.  C.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Virginia  who  founded  William  and  Mary 
college,  and  was  its  president  for  fifty 
years.  He  was  the  author  of  The  State 
of  His  Majesty's  Colony  in  Virginia;  and 
Our  Savior's  Divine  Sermon  on  the  Mount, 
a  series  of  sermons.  He  died  Aug.  1,  1743, 
in  Williamsburg,  Va. 

BLAIR,  JAMES,  banker,  was  born  May 
15,  1807,  in  Beaver  Brooks,  N.  J.  Among 
the  properties  in  which  he  now  has  a 
large  interest  are  The  Lackawanna  and 
Iron  Steel  Co.;  The  Eelvidere  National 
bank;  The  Scranton  Savings  bank,  of 
which  he  is  president;  and  The  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  Scranton. 

BLAIR,  JAMES  G.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1828.  He  received  a 
common  English  education;  is  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress  as  a  liberal  repub 
lican. 

BLAIR,  JOHN,  statesman,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Tenn.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1823  to  1837. 
Before  entering  congress  he  served  in  both 
branches  of  the  Tennessee  state  legisla 
ture.  He  died  July,  1863,  in  Jones- 
borough,  Tenn. 

BLAIR,  JOHN,  statesman,  was  born  in 
1689  in  Williamsburg,  Va.  He  was  a 
nephew  of  President  James  Blair.  As 
early  as  1736  he  was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  burgesses,  and  he  was  president 
of  the  council,  and  acting  governor  of 
Virginia  in  1757-58  and  1768.  He  died 
Nov.  5,  1771,  in  Williamsburg,  Va. 

BLAIR,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
in  1732  in  Williamsburg,  Va.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  in  1765,  and  on 
the  dissolution  of  the  house  in  1769,  he, 
with  Washington  and  other  patriots, 
drafted  the  Non-Importation  Agreement. 
He  was  elected  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
appeals,  then  chief  justice,  and  in  1780 
chancery  judge.  In  1789  he  was  appointed 
a  judge  of  the  United  States  supreme 
court,  and  resigned  this  position  in  1796. 
He  died  Aug.  31.  1800,  in  Williamsburg, 
Va. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


119 


BLAIR,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  was  born 
June  14,  1712,  in  Ireland.  He  was  one  of 
the  original  members  of  New  Brunswick 
presbytery,  formed  in  1738,  and  in  1739 
took  charge  of  the  church  at  New  Lon 
donderry,  or  Fogg's  Manor,  Pa.  Shortly 
after  his  settlement  there  he  established  a 
seminary,  at  which  young  men  were  edu 
cated,  some  of  whom  were  afterward 
prominent  in  the  presbyterian  church, 
among  them  Rev.  Samuel  Davies  and 
Rev.  John  Rodgers.  He  died  July  5,  175]. 
BLAIR,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  1741  in  Fogg's  Manor, 
Pa.  He  was  the  principal  founder  of  the 
English  presbyterian  church  of  German- 
town,  Pa.,  and  preached  gratuitously  for 
a  season.  He  was  several  times  a  member 
of  the  Pennsylvania  assembly,  and  was 
for  two  years  chaplain  to  the  continental 
congress.  He  died  Sept.  24,  1818,  in  Ger- 
mantown,  Pa, 

BLAIR,  SAMUEL  S.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the 
thirty-sixth  and  thirty-seventh  con 
gresses. 

BLAIR,  WILLIAM,  merchant.  About 
1848,  after  the  opening  of  the  Illi 
nois  and  Michigan  canal,  he  closed 
the  retail  branch  of  his  business,  thus 
becoming  the  first  to  establish  an 
exclusively  wholesale  hardware  house 
in  Chicago  and  being  at  the  time  the  only 
one  in  the  west  outside  of  St.  Louis. 

BLAIR,  WILLIAM  ALLEN,  educator, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  June  4,  1860, 
in  High  Point,  N.  C.  After  graduating  in 
1882  from  Harvard  university,  he  entered 
actively  into  educational  work.  In  1889 
he  was  commissioned  as  state  representa 
tive  of  the  Paris  exposition,  and  has  thor 
oughly  examined  the  school  systems  of 
Europe.  He  has  been  president  of  sever 
al  societies  and  in  1890  became  president 
of  the  People's  National  bank  of  Winston, 
N.  C.  He  is  the  author  of  The  History  of 
North  Carolina. 

BLAISDELL,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  state  councilor  from 
1803  to  1808,  and  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire,  from  1808  to 
1811.  He  died  in  1832. 

BLAISDELL,  ELIJAH  WHITTIER, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  author,  poet,  was 
born  July  18,  1826,  in  Montpelier,  Vt.  In 
1854  he  moved  to 
Rockford,  111.;  par 
ticipated  with  Abra 
ham  Lincoln  in  the 
formation  of  the  re 
publican  party  in 
1856;  and  was  the 
first  editor  in  the 
United  States  who 
raised  his  name  for 
the  presidency  of  the 
United  States.  He 
canvassed  the 
state  of  Illinois 
for  General  Grant  and  Governor  Ogles- 
by;  and  was  afterward  a  Cleveland 
elector.  He  was  a  candidate  for  con 
gress  three  times  in  the  sixth  dis 
trict  of  Illinois;  was  a  member  of  the 
Illinois  state  legislature  in  1859  and  1860; 
and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  pub 
lic  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 
For  twenty  years  he  was  an  editor;  and 
for  fifteen  years  has  been  a  lawyer.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  successful  story  entitled 
The  Hidden  Record;  a  drama  entitled 
Shabbona;  The  Rajah,  a  burlesque  poem; 
Eva,  the  General's  Daughter,  a  drama  in 
blank  verse;  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

BLAISDELL.  H.  G.,  governor.  He  was 
the  first  governor  of  Nevada  after  it  be 
came  a  state,  and  served  as  such  from 
1864  to  1869. 


" 


BLAKE,  CLARENCE  JOHN,  physician, 
inventor,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  23, 
1843,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  president 
of  the  American  Otological  society  in 
1876-77.  He  has  invented  several  surgical 
instruments  for  use  in  the  treatment  of 
diseases  of  the  ear,  principally  the  mem- 
brana  tympani  phonautograph. 

BLAKE,  EDWARD  HARWOOD,  law 
yer,  financier,  railroad  president.  He  had 
a  course  at  Brown  college  and  post-gradu 
ate  course  at  Harvard.  He  then  attended 
the  Albany  Law  school;  practiced  law  in 
Bangor;  and  was  made  president  of 
the  Merchants'  National  bank  in  1887. 

BLAKE,  ELI  WHITNEY,  inventor,  was 
born  Jan.  27,  1795,  in  Westborough,  Mass. 
The  ideas  that  he  originated  still  char 
acterize  the  forms  of  American  locks, 
latches,  casters,  hinges,  and  other  articles 
of  house-furnishing  hardware  wherever 
manufactured.  His  crusher  is  now  used 
in  all  parts  of  the  world  for  breaking  ores, 
road  metal,  and  similar  purposes.  Mr. 
Blake  was  one  of  the  founders,  and  for 
several  years  president,  of  the  Connecticut 
Academy  of  Science.  He  is  the  author  of 
Original  Solutions  of  Several  Problems  in 
Aerodynamics.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1886,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

BLAKE,  ELI  WHITNEY,  educator,  was 
born  April  20,  1836,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  has  been  professor  of  chemistry  in  the 
university  of  Vermont,  at  Cornell,  at 
Columbia,  and  at  Brown.  He  is  a  fellow 
of  the  American  association  for  the  Ad 
vancement  of  Science,  and  member  of 
other  scientific  bodies,  to  whose  proceed 
ings  he  has  frequently  contributed  valu 
able  papers. 

BLAKE,  ELLYN  J.,  educator,  scientist, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1842,  in  Wilbraham, 
Mass.  She  graduated  from  the  Wesleyan 
academy  of  her  native  city;  and  for  many 
years  was  engaged  in  educational  work 
at  Wilbraham  and  Palmer,  Mass.  In  1886 
she  began  the  treatment  of  hypertrichosis 
with  electricity,  and  was  the  first  woman 
to  take  legitimate  instruction  and  make 
a  specialty  of  the  work. 

BLAKE,  MRS.  EUPHEMIA  VALE, 
journalist,  author,  poet,  was  bom  May  7, 
1825,  near  Hastings,  England.  Her  fath 
er,  Gilbert  Vale,  was 
well  known  as  an 
author,  publisher, 
inventor,  public  lec 
turer  and  professor 
of  astronomy  and 
mathematics,  who 
died  in  1866  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Mrs. 
Blake  has  written 
extensively  for  the 
North  American  Re 
view,  the  Christian 
Examiner,  the  Bos 
ton  Transcript,  and  other  well-known 
publications.  Since  1857  she  has  lived  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  engaged  in  journalism. 
She  is  the  author  of  Arctic  Experiences; 
Teeth,  Ether  and  Chloroform;  History  of 
Newburyport;  and  her  latest  work  is  A 
History  of  Tammany  Hall,  from  its  or 
ganization  in  1789  to  the  present  time. 

BLAKE,  GEORGE  A.  H.,  soldier,  was 
born  in  September,  1812,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  served  in  the  Seminole,  Mexican  and 
civil  wars,  and  attained  the  rank  of  brig 
adier-general. 

BLAKE,  GEORGE  SMITH,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  in  1803,  in  Worcester, 
Mass.  In  1857-65  he  was  superintendent 
of  the  United  States  Naval  academy.  Soon 
after  the  civil  war  broke  out,  the  acad 
emy  was  removed  to  Newport.  On  the 
reorganization  of  the  navy  in  1862  he  was 
promoted  to  commodore. 


.. 


BLAKE,  HARRISON  G.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  March  17, 
1818,  In  New  Fane,  Vt.  He  served  four 
years  in  the  'Ohio  legislature,  and  was 
president  of  the  state  senate  in  1848  and 
1849.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress. 

BLAKE,  HENRY  N.,  jurist.  In  1875 
he  was  appointed  one  of  the  associate 
justices  of  the  United  States  for  the  ter 
ritory  of  Montana. 

BLAKE,  JAMES,  soldier,  public  offi 
cial,  was  born  March  3,  1791,  in  York 
county,  Pa.  He  enlisted  as  a  volunteer  in 
the  war  of  1812.  For  thirty-five  years  he 
was  the  president  of  the  Indianapolis 
Benevolent  society. 

BLAKE,  JAMES  VILA,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1842  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Chicago;  and 
the  author  of  Poems;  Essays;  A  Grateful 
Spirit;  Anchor  of  the  Soul;  St.  Solifer; 
and  Legends  from  Story  Land. 

BLAKE,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  state  from  1805 
to  1809;  and  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly  in  1819. 

BLAKE,  JOHN  B.,  financier,  was  born 
Aug.  12,  1802,  in  Colchester,  Va.  He  was 
commissioner  of  public  buildings  during 
a  part  of  the  administration  of  President 
Pierce,  and  during  the  whole  of  that  of 
President  Buchanan.  For  many  years  he 
was  president  of  the  National  Metropol 
itan  bank  of  Washington  city;  and  was 
connected  with  the  board  of  public  works 
in  Washington. 

BLAKE,  JOHN  B.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  May  16,  1838,  in  Marlboro,  Vt. 
Since  1892  he  has  been  president  of  the 
West  Virginia,  Pineville  and  Tennessee 
railroad. 

BLAKE,  JOHN  LAURIS,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1788, 
in  Northwood,  N.  H.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman  of  Boston  long  prominent  as 
an  educator.  He  was  the  author  of  Text 
Book  of  Geography  and  Chronology;  Fam 
ily  Encyclopaedia  of  Agriculture  and  Do 
mestic  Economy;  Farmer's  E  very-Day 
Book;  Modern  Farmer;  Letters  on  Con 
firmation;  General  Biographical  Diction 
ary;  Book  of  Nature  Laid  Open;  Won 
ders  of  the  Earth;  and  Wonders  of  Art. 
He  died  July  6,  1857,  in  Orange,  N.  J. 

BLAKE,  JOHN  L.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  25,  1831,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  removed  to  Orange,  N.  J., 
when  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  studied  and 
practiced  law.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  assembly  in  1857;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  republican  national  convention  of 
1876,  and  a  candidate  for  presidential 
elector  in  the  same  year.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
forty-sixth  congress. 

BLAKE,  JOHN  WALTER,  banker,  was 
born  Aug.  6,  1858,  in  Leon  county,  Texas. 
He  is  prominently  identified  with  the  pub 
lic  affairs  of  his  native  state;  was  mayor 
of  Mexico  in  1895;  president  of  the  Texas 
Bankers'  association  in  1891,  and  has 
filled  various  other  public  offices  of  honor. 

BLAKE,  JOSEPH,  governor,  was  born 
about  1620.  He  was  governor  of  South 
Carolina  in  1694,  and  from  1696  to  his 
death  in  1700. 

BLAKE,  MRS.  LILLIE  DEVEREUX, 
reformer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1835, 
in  Raleigh,  N.  C.  She  is  a  prominent 
advocate  of  woman  suffrage,  and  is  the 
author  of  Fettered  for  Life;  Southwold; 
Rockford;  Woman's  Place  To-Day;  and 
The  Hypocrite,  or  Sketches  of  American 
Society. 


120 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BLAKE,  MRS.  MARY  ELIZABETH, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1840  in  Iowa. 
She  is  the  author  of  Poems;  Youth  in 
Twelve  Centuries;  Verses  by  the  Way. 
Her  prose  includes  On  the  Wing,  sketches 
of  American  Travel;  A  Summer  Holiday; 
travel  experiences  in  Europe;  Mexico: 
Picturesque,  Political  and  Progressive. 

BLAKE,  THOMAS  HOLDSWORTH, 
congressman,  was  born  June,  1792,  in 
Calvert  county,  Md.  He  served  at  the 
battle  of  Bladensburg,  in  1814.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  In 
diana  state  legislature,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Indiana  from 
1827  to  1829.  Under  President  Tyler's  ad 
ministration  he  was  commissioner  of  the 
general  land  office,  and  upon  his  resigna 
tion  was  appointed  president  of  the  Wa- 
bash  and  Erie  Canal  company.  He  died 
Nov.  28,  1849,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

BLAKE,  UPTON  CLARENCE,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1845,  in  Mount  Vernon, 
Ohio.  In  1865  he  graduated  from  Ken- 
yon  college  of  Gambier,  Ohio,  and  has 
since  attained  prominence  as  an  able  and 
learned  lawyer  of  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 

BLAKE,  WILLIAM  PHIPPS,  was  born 
June  1,  1826,  in  New  York  city.  He  is 
a  mineralogist  of  prominence  and  pro 
fessor  of  geology  in  the  University  of 
Arizona.  He  is  the  author  of  Silver  Ores 
and  Silver  Mines;  California  Minerals; 
Production  of  the  Precious  Metals;  Iron 
and  Steel;  Ceramic  Art  and  Glass;  His 
tory  of  Hamden,  Conn.;  and  Life  of  Cap 
tain  Jonathan  Mix. 

BLAKE.  WILLIAM  RUFUS,  actor, 
was  born  in  1805  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia. 
He  was,  at  different  times,  stage  manager 
of  the  Tremont  theater,  Boston;  joint 
manager  of  the  Walnut  street  theater, 
Philadelphia,  and  stage  manager  of  the 
Broadway  theater.  New  York.  He  was 
the  author  of  the  plays  Nero;  The  Turned 
Head,  and  The  Buggs.  He  died  April  22, 
1863,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BLAKELEY,  ARCHIBALD.  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  July  16,  1827,  in  Butler 
county,  Pa.  In  1852  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  served  three  years  as  district 
attorney  of  his  native  county.  He  served 
as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil  war 
as  colonel  of  the  seventy-eighth  regiment 
of  Pennsylvania  infantry.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  general  court-martial  and 
military  commissioner  in  the  capitol  at 
Nashville  in  1862.  He  was  in  the  battles 
of  Stone  River,  Dug  Gap,  Chickamauga, 
Lookout  Mountain,  and  Missionary  Kidge, 
and  commanded  the  brigade  on  Lookout 
Mountain  during  the  winter  of  1863-61. 
Since  the  close  of  the  war  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  declined 
the  governorship  of  Utah,  tendered  by 
President  Johnson;  declined  office  of  ad 
jutant-general  of  Pennsylvania,  tendered 
by  Governor  Geary.  He  is  the  president 
of  the  Pennsylvania  commission  for  the 
construction  of  monuments  in  Chicka- 
mauga-Chattanooga  National  Military 
Park. 

BLAKELEY,  JOHNSTON,  commander 
United  States  navy,  was  born  Oct.,  1781, 
in  Ireland.  In  1807  he  was  made  a  lieu 
tenant:  in  1813  he  was  appointed  a  mas 
ter  commandant,  and  placed  in  command 
of  the  Wasp.  In  1814  he  was  a  captain, 
but  never  enjoyed  the  promotion,  as  the 
Wasp  was  not  heard  of  after  Oct.  9,  1814. 

BLAKELOCK,  RALPH  ALBERT, 
'artist,  was  born  Oct.  15,  i847,  in  New  York 
city.  He  has  painted  landscapes,  Indian 
figures,  and  moonlight  scenes.  One  of  his 
pictures  represents  the  Ta-vo-kok-i,  or 
circle-dance  of  the  Kavavite  Indians.  In 
1882  he  exhibited  at  the  national  acad 


emy  Cloverdale,  Cal.;  Moonlight;  and 
The  Indian  Fisherman;  in  1884,  A  Land 
scape;  and  On  the  Face  of  Quiet  Waters; 
and  in  1885.  Cumuli. 

BLAKEMAN,  ALEX.  NOEL,  journalist, 
was  born  July  18,  1840,  in  New  York  city. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  ward  schools  of  New  York  city, 
and  graduated  from  the  College  of  the 
City  of  New  York.  During  1861-65  he  was 
acting  assistant-paymaster  in  the  United 
States  navy.  He  is  the  editor  of  the  New 
York  Shipping  and  Commercial  List; 
president  of  the  board  of  education  of 
Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  since  1890;  re 
corder  of  the  New  York  Commandery 
Loyal  Legion  of  the  II.  S..  and  was  chief 
of  staff  under  Grand  Marshal  Horace  Por 
ter  in  the  inaugural  parade  at  Wasnmg- 
ton  on  March  4,  1897. 

BLAKESLEE,  JAMES  I.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1815,  in  Sus- 
quehanna  county.  Pa.  Since  1870  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Montrose  railroad 
at  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa. 

BLAKESLEY,  LOUIS  WILLIAM,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  April  8,  1868,  in  La 
fayette,  111.  In  1885  he  moved  to  Logan, 
Kan.,  and  subsequently  taught  school  in 
that  state.  In  1890  he  moved  to  Wyo 
ming,  and  during  1892-93  was  principal  of 
the  Lander  high  school.  In  1893  he 
founded  The  Otto  Courier,  of  which  he 
is  the  editor  and  owner.  In  1896  he  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Richards  as  one 
of  the  commissioners  to  organize  the 
county  of  Big  Horn,  Wyo. 

BLANCHARD,  ALBERT  G.,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1810  in  Charlestown,  Mass. 
During  the  Mexican  war  he  served  as  cap 
tain  of  Louisiana  volunteers,  being  at  tne 
battle  of  Monterey  and  the  siege  of  Vera 
Cruz.  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war, 
in  1861,  he  was  made  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  confederate  army.  Since  the  war 
General  Blanchard  has  been  a  civil  en 
gineer  and  surveyor  in  New  Orleans. 

BLANCHARD,  AMY  ELLA,  author, 
was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.  For  several 
years  she  taught  school;  then  took  up 
the  study  of  art;  and  in  1881,  in  conjunc 
tion  with  Ida  Waugh,  published  her  first 
book,  entitled  Holly  Berries.  She  has 
since  made  a  specialty  of  works  for  young 
people,  more  particularly  for  girls;  and 
her  best  known  works  are  Twenty  Little 
Maidens;  Taking  a  Stand;  and  the  Blan 
chard  Library  For  Girls,  consisting  of 
Two  Girls,  Girls  Together,  and  Betsy  of 
Wye. 

UL.ANCHARD,  CHARLES  A.,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  8,  18»8, 
in  Galesburg,  III.  This  eminent  educator 
has  been  president  of  the  Sabbath  asso 
ciation  of  Illinois;  president  of  the  Illi 
nois  Christian  association,  and  president 
of  the  college  section  of  the  State  Teach 
ers'  association  of  Illinois.  He  is  now  the 
honored  president  of  Wheaton  college, 
Illinois. 

BLANCnARD,  HELEN  AUGUSTA,  in 
ventor,  was  born  in  Portland,  Maine. 
Among  her  numerous  inventions  are  the 
Blanchard  over-seaming  machine,  and  tne 
crocheting  and  sewing  machine;  all  of 
which  are  in  use  by  immense  manufac 
tories,  and  are  ranked  among  the  most 
remarkable  mechanical  contrivances  of 
the  age. 

BLANCHARD,  JAMES  ARMSTRONG, 
soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1845, 
in  Henderson,  N.  Y.  In  1864  he  served 
In  the  civil  war  as  a  private  in  company 
I.  second  Wisconsin  cavalry.  In  1873  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  at  once  began 
the  active  practice  of  his  profession  in 
New  York  city. 


BLANCHARD,  JOHN,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1787,  in 
Caledonia  county,  Va.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1845  to  1849.  He  died  March  8,  1849, 
in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

BLANCHARD,  JONATHAN,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  from  New  Hamp 
shire  to  the  continental  congress  in  1783 
and  1784. 

BLANCHARD,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1704,  near  Nashua, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  mandamus  councilor 
from  1740-58,  and  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  New  Hampshire  from  1749-58. 
He  commanded  a  New  Hampshire  regi 
ment  in  1755,  and  was  engaged  at  Crown 
Point.  He  died  April  7,  1758. 

BLANCHARD,  JUSTUS  WARDWELL, 
soldier,  was  born  in  1811,  in  Milford,  N.  H. 
Before  the  civil  war  he  was  captain  of  the 
Burgess  corps  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  en 
tered  the  national  service  as  captain  in 
the  third  New  York  volunteers  in  1861, 
became  lieutenant-colonel  in  1863,  and 
brevet  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  on 
March  13,  1865.  He  died  Sept.  14,  1877, 
in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

BLANCHARD,  NATHANIEL  WHIT- 
SON,  farmer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug. 
19,  1849,  in  Hinds  county,  Miss.  He  is  a 
successful  farmer  in  Staffords,  Miss.,  and 
has  twice  been  a  representative  in  the 
Mississippi  state  legislature.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  county  school  board, 
chairman  of  the  democratic  executive 
committee,  and  filled  various  other  public 
positions  of  trust  in  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

BLANCHARD,  NEWTON  GRAIN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Jan.  29.  1849,  in  Rapids  Parish,  La. 
He  received  an  acad- 
e  m  i  c  education; 
graduated  as  a  bach 
elor  of  laws  at  the 
University  of  Louisi 
ana  in  1870;  and 
commenced  practice 
at  Shreveport,  La.,  in 
1871.  He  was  a  del 
egate  to  the  stats 
constitutional  con 
vention  of  1879;  was 
appointed  a  major  in 
the  state  militia,  and 
was  made  a  trustee  of  the  University  of 
the  South,  at  Sewanee,  Tenn.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Louisiana 
to  the  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  senator  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  and  received  the  election  for 
term  ending  in  1897.  In  1897  he  was  ap 
pointed  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Louisiana. 

BLANCHARD,  NOAH  FARWELL, 
financier,  manufacturer,  was  born  Jan.  22, 
1821.  The  firm  of  Blanchard,  Brother  and 
Lane  became  one  of  the  largest  and  best 
known  manufacturers  of  patent  leather 
in  the  United  States.  He  died  May  11, 
1881,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

BLANCHARD,  SAMUEL  GRAY,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1840, 
in  Sandusky,  Ohio.  He  received  his  ed.u- 
cation  in  Canada,  and  subsequently  at 
tended  Eastman's  Business  college  of 
New  York  city.  For  eight  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educational  work;  since  1868 
has  been  a  clergyman  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  and  now  fills  a  pas 
torate  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  In  1886  he 
was  appointed  presiding  elder  of  the 
Santa  Barbara  district.  He  has  been  edi 
tor  of  several  publications  and  contrib 
utes  extensively  to  current  literature. 


HKRRINOSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


121 


BLANCHARD,  THOMAS,  inventor,  was 
born  June  24,  1788,  in  Sutton,  Mass.  While 
engaged  with  his  brother  in  the  manufac 
ture  of  tacks  by  hand,  he  invented  a  ma 
chine  which  made  500  per  minute,  and 
sold  the  patent  for  $5,000.  He  also  in 
vented  a  lathe  to  turn  the  whole  of  a  mus 
ket-barrel  from  end  to  end,  by  the  com 
bination  of  one  single  self-directing  oper 
ation;  the  lathe  for  turning  irregular 
forms,  now  in  use  in  all  armories,  for 
making  musket-stocks,  also  applied  to 
busts,  shoe  lasts,  handles,  spokes,  and 
a  machine  for  bending  timbers,  called  the 
compound  bend.  He  died  April  6,  1864, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

BLAND,  BALLARD,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Kentucky.  He  was  educated  for  the  legal 
profession,  and  while  residing  in  Louis 
ville  was  appointed  United  States  judge 
for  the  district  of  Kentucky. 

BLAND,  BESSIE,  poet,  was  born  Dec. 
8,  1863,  in  Lynn,  Mass.  She  is  a  successful 
writer  of  Lynn,  Mass.;  and  her  poems 
have  been  given  a  place  in  several  stand 
ard  works. 

BLAND,  CHARLES  CLELLAND,  sol 
dier,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1837,  in  Hart 
ford,  Ky.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
captain  of  company  D,  Missouri  infantry 
volunteers.  This  eminent  lawyer  and 
jurist  was  elected  in  1881  as  judge  of  the 
circuit  court  of  the  nineteenth  judicial 
circuit  of  Missouri,  which  position  he  still 
holds  (1898). 

BLAND,  RICHARD,  statesman,  was 
born  May  6,  1710,  in  Virginia.  He  was 
for  some  years  a  leading  member  of  the 
house  of  burgesses,  and  in  1768  was  one 
of  the  committee  appointed  to  remon 
strate  with  parliament  on  the  subject  of 
taxation.  In  1773  he  was  one  of  the  com 
mittee  of  correspondence,  and  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1774  to  1776.  He  died  in  1790. 

BLAND,  RICHARD  PARKS,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1835,  near 
Hartford,  Ky.  He  received  an  academic 
education;  removed 
to  Missouri  in  1855, 
thence  to  California, 
and  thence  to  that 
portion  of  Utah  now 
Nevada,  locating  at 
Virginia  City.  He 
practiced  law;  was 
interested  in  mini'ng 
operations  in  Cali 
fornia  and  Nevada, 
and  was  county 
treasurer  of  Carson 
county,  Utah  terri 
tory,  from  1860  until  the  organization  of 
the  state  government  of  Nevada.  He  re 
turned  to  Missouri  in  1865;  located  at 
Rolla,  Mo.,  and  practiced  law  with  his 
brother,  C.  C.  Bland,  until  he  removed 
to  Lebanon  in  August,  1869,  and  contin 
ued  his  practice  there.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth, 
ferty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses,  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  silver  dem 
ocrat.  In  1896  his  name  was  prominently 
brought  forward  for  president  of  the 
United  States. 

BLAND,  ROBERT  LINN,  journalist, 
lawyer,  was  born  June  2,  1868.  in  Jane 
Lew,  W.  Va.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Weston,  W.  Va. ;  learned  the 
printer's  trade,  and  for  a  number  of  years 
was  engaged  in  journalism.  He  founded 
the  Buckhanon  Dispatch,  and  was  con 
nected  with  different  newspapers  of  his 
state.  He  was  associated  with  R.  H. 
Harrison  in  the  publication  of  the  Weston 
Democrat;  has  written  extensively  for 


city  journals,  and  is  now  vice-president 
of  the  West  Virginia  Editorial  associa 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  Mountain  Mem 
oirs,  a  local  work  of  biographies. 

BLAND,  THEODORIC,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1742  in  Prince 
George  county,  Va.  He  rose  to  the  rank 
of  colonel,  and  had  the  command  of  a 
regiment  of  dragoons;  in  1779  had  com 
mand  of  the  troops  at  Albemarle  bar 
racks,  and  continued  in  that  station  until 
elected  to  a  seat  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia,  in  1780;  served  in  that  body  three 
years,  and  was  then  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  legislature.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  first  congress  under 
the  constitution,  having  voted  for  its 
adoption.  He  died  June  1,  1790,  in  New 
York. 

BLAND,  THEODORIC,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1777.  He  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession;  was  judge  of  the  county 
court  in  Baltimore;  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  of  Maryland;  and 
was  twenty-two  years  chancellor  of  the 
state.  From  1836  to  1841  he  published 
in  Baltimore,  Reports  of  Cases  Decided 
in  the  High  Court  of  Chancery  of  Mary 
land.  He  died  Nov.  16,  1846,  in  Annapolis, 
Md. 

BLAND,  THOMAS  A.,  physician,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  May  21,  1830,  in 
Bloomfield,  Ind.  During  the  civil  war  he 
was  a  surgeon  in  the  army.  For  twenty 
years  he  lived  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  with 
his  wife  and  coworker,  M.  Cora  Bland, 
M.  D.,  also  a  skilful  physician  and  able 
writer  and  a  popular  lecturer.  He  has 
been  at  the  head  of  the  Eclectic  Medical 
society  of  the  District  of  Columbia  from 
the  first;  was  its  first  president,  and 
was  re-elected  by  unanimous  vote  seven 
times  since.  He  is  the  author  of  How  to 
Get  Well  and  How  to  Keep  Well,  and 
other  works.  As  a  physician  and  medical 
author,  he  has  done  much  for  progress 
in  medicine  and  in  a  knowledge  of  the 
laws  of  health;  and  as  a  public  lecturer 
he  ranks  high. 

BLANDEN,  CHARLES  G.,  banker,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  19,  1857,  in  Marengo,  111. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems 
entitled  Tancred's  Daughter  and  Other 
Poems. 

BLANKS,  JAMES  BRAXTON,  expert 
accountant,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1839,  in 
Petersburg,  Va.  He  has  been  an  account 
ant  the  greater  part  of  his  life,  and  for 
fifteen  years  teller  and  assistant  cashier 
of  three  different  banks;  and  commis 
sioner  of  the  revenue  of  the  city  of  Peters 
burg  for  six  years.  He  has  been  grand 
secretary  of  the  Royal  Arch  Masons  of 
Virginia;  grand  recorder  of  Knights 
Templars  of  Virginia,  and  grand  secre 
tary  of  Royal  Arcanum  of  Virginia. 

BLASHFIELD,  EDWIN  HOWLAND, 
painter,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1848,  in  New 
York  city.  His  favorite  subjects  are  fig 
ures,  with  carefully  studied  landscape  or 
architecture.  Historical  subjects  and  por 
traiture,  with  particular  devotion  to  ac 
curacy  of  detail,  also  claim  his  attention. 
Some  of  his  principal  paintings  are  A 
Poet;  Toreador;  Monseigneur;  The 
Augur;  A  Roman  Emperor;  The  Fencing 
Lesson — Roman  Ladies;  and  The  Be 
sieged,  a  fine  picture,  has  been  exhibited 
in  the  royal  academies  of  London  and 
Edinburgh.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Society  of  American  Artists. 

BLATCriFORD,  ELIPHALET  W.,  man 
ufacturer,  was  born  May  26,  1826,  in  Lan- 
singburgh,  N.  Y.  In  1854,  he  began  the 
manufacture  of  lead  in  Chicago,  111.  His 
firm  of  E.  W.  Blatchford  &  Co.,  now  in 
corporated,  has  been  extremely  successful. 


BLATCHFORD,  RICHARD  MILFORD, 
legislator,  public  official,  was  born  April 
23,  1798,  in  Stratford,  Conn.  In  182& 
he  was  made  a  financial  agent  for  the 
Bank  of  England,  and  in  1836  appointed 
to  the  same  position  by  the  Bank  of  the 
United  States,  and  assisted  in  winding  up 
its  affairs.  In  1855  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature;  in  1859  commissioner  of 
Central  Park,  and  subsequently  of  the 
public  parks  generally.  When  the  rebel 
lion  commenced  he  was  entrusted  with 
funds  for  the  recruiting  service,  and  in 
1862  was  appointed  minister  to  Italy.  He 
died  Sept.  3,  1875,  in  Newport. 

BLATCHFORD,  SAMUEL,  jurist,  was 
born  March  9,  1820,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  private  secretary  to  W.  H.  Seward 
from  1839  to  1841,  and  military  secretary 
on  governor's  staff  up  to  1843.  He  was 
made  a  counselor  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  state  in  1845.  In  1855  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  state  for  the  first  district,  but  de 
clined;  in  1867  was  appointed  district 
judge  of  the  United  States  court  for  the 
southern  district  of  New  York,  and  in 
1882  was  appointed  an  associate  justice 
of  the  United  States  supreme  court.  He 
died  July  7,  1893,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

BLATT,  WILLIAM  MOSES,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  April  29,  1876,  in 
Orange,  N.  J.  He  graduated  from  the 
Boston  university  law  school;  has  beei> 
assistant  editor  of  the  New  England  Cou 
rier;  librarian  of  the  Boston  university 
law  school,  and  is  the  author  of  Leading 
and  Important  Cases  in  Massachusetts 
Common  Law. 

BLAUVELT,  AUGUSTUS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  7,  1832,  in  Covert, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  Dutch  Reformed  clergy 
man  of  New  Jersey,  deposed  from  the 
ministry  on  account  of  his  liberal  doc 
trinal  views  embodied  in  papers  in  the 
Century  Magazine.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Kingdom  of  Satan;  and  The  Present 
Religious  Crisis. 

BLAVATSKY,  HELENA  PETROVNA. 
theosophist,  was  born  July  31,  1831,  ia 
Southern  Russia.  Her  father  was  Col. 
Peter  Hahn,  a  descendant  of  the  Von 
Rottenstern-Hahns  of  Mecklenburg,  Ger 
many.  She  studied  the  French  and  Eng 
lish  languages  in  Paris  and  London;  and 
wandered  in  Africa,  Europe,  America, 
India  and  Central  Asia.  She  acquired 
complete  control  of  her  psychic  faculties, 
and  entered  upon  her  life  work  of  ex 
plaining  the  nature  and  source  of  such 
phenomena.  In  1873  she  came  to  Amer 
ica,  and  five  years  later  became  an  Amer 
ican  citizen  by  naturalization.  In  1875 
she  founded  the  Theosophical  society, 
with  headquarters  in  New  York  city; 
and  in  1879  began  the  publication  of  The 
Theosophist.  In  1888  she  published  her 
monumental  work,  entitled  The  Secret 
Doctrine.  The  society  which  she  founded 
now  numbers  over  six  hundred  branches, 
or  lodges  throughout  the  civilized  world. 
She  died  May  8,  1891,  in  London,  England. 

BLAYNEY,  FRANCIS  SCOTT,  educator, 
clergyman,  lecturer,  was  born  July  31, 
1856,  at  Iberia,  Ohio.  He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  University  of  Omaha,  and  or 
ganized  and  built  the  Second  Presbyterian 
church  of  that  city,  and  the  First  Presby 
terian  church  of  Hebron,  Neb.  This 
noted  lecturer  of  psychology  and  ethics 
since  1890  has  been  pastor  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  church  of  Abilene,  Kan. 

BLECKLEY,  LOGAN  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  3,  1827,  in  Rabun  county, 
Ga.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  supreme 
court  reporter;  in  1875  was  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court,  and  in  1887  was 
made  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court. 


122 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BLEDSOE,  ALBERT  TAYLOR,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1809,  in 
Frankfort,  Ky.  He  was  a  southern  cler 
gyman  who  left  the  episcopal  for  the 
methodist  church,  and  wrote  extensively 
on  metaphysics  and  mathematics.  He 
was  the  author  of  Liberty  and  Slavery; 
Examination  of  Edwards  on  the  Will; 
Philosophy  of  Mathematics;  Is  Davis 
a  Traitor?  or  was  Secession  a  Con 
stitutional  Right  previous  to  the  War  of 
1861?  and  Theodicy.  He  died  Dec.  8, 
1877.  in  Alexandria.  Va. 

BLEDSOE,  JESSE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  6, 
1776,  in  Culpeper  county,  Va.  He  was 
at  one  time  a  distinguished  advocate  and 
jurist  of  Kentucky.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1813  to 
i815;  was  professor  of  law  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Transylvania,  and  chief  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Kentucky.  He  died 
June  30,  1837,  in  Nacogdoches,  Tex. 

BLEECKER.  ANN  ELIZA,  poet,  was 
born  in  October,  1752,  in  New  York  city. 
Some  years  after  her  death  her  stories 
and  poems  were  collected  and  published 
under  the  title  of  Posthumous  Works  of 
Ann  Eliza  Bleecker  in  Prose  and  Verse, 
with  a  memoir  by  her  daughter,  Marga- 
retta  V.  Faugeres.  She  died  Nov.  23,  1783, 
in  Tomhannock,  N.  Y. 

BLEECKER.  ANTHONY,  author,  was 
born  in  October,  1770,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  graduated  at  Columbia  in  1791 
and  studied  law,  but  never  was  a  success 
ful  practitioner  on  account  of  his  uncon 
querable  diffidence.  His  natural  tastes  led 
him  to  the  pursuit  of  letters,  and  for 
thirty  years  he  was  a  prolific  contributor 
of  both  prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical 
literature  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia. 
The  Narrative  of  the  Brig  Commerce  is 
one  of  his  best-known  works.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  New  York  His 
torical  society.  He  died  March  13,  1827, 
in  New  York  city. 

BLEECKER,  HERMANUS,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1779,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1811  to  1813, 
and  was  appointed,  in  1839,  charge  d'af 
faires  at  The  Hague.  He  died  July  19 
1849,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

BLEISTEIN,  GEORGE,  journalist,  was 
born  Dec.  6,  1861,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  In 
1885  he  was  elected  president  and  treasu 
rer  of  the  Courier  company,  which  is 
said  to  have  the  largest  and  best  equipped 
printing  and  lithographing  establishment 
in  the  world. 

BLEWETT,  BENJAMIN  TURNER,  ed 
ucator,  college  president,  was  born  Sept 
17,  1820,  in  Bowling  Green,  Ky.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  Georgetown  college, 
and  has  been  president  of  the  Bethel  col 
lege,  Kentucky;  and  president  of  the  Au 
gusta  college,  Kentucky.  This  eminent 
educator  is  now  connected  with  the  St. 
Louis  seminary  of  Jennings,  Mo. 

BLISH,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  elocu 
tionist,  was  born  March  1,  1837,  in  Rome, 
111.  He  is  the  founder  of  the  Blish  school 
of  elocution,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  and  is  one 
of  the  original  organizers  of  Royal  Ar 
canum.  He  is  a  fine  interpreter  of  dra 
matic,  humorous  and  dialect  sketches. 

BLISS,  AARON  T.,  soldier,  lumber 
merchant,  congressman,  was  born  May  22, 
1837,  in  Peterborough,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  tenth  New 
York  cavalry,  and  was  in  the  service  three 
years  and  five  months,  six  months  of 
which  time  he  was  confined  in  the  prisons 
of  Andersonville,  Charleston,  Macon  and 
Columbia;  he  made  his  escape  from  Col 
umbia,  and  after  eighteen  nights  of  tra 
vel  through  rebel  territory  reached  the 


union  lines;  he  rose  while  in  the  service 
from  private  to  captain.  Since  1866  he 
has  resided  in  Saginaw,  Mich.,  where 
he  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  lum 
ber.  He  has  held  many  positions  of  pub 
lic  trust  in  his  own  county,  having  been 
a  supervisor,  alderman,  president  of  the 
school  board  for  eleven  consecutive  years, 
and  president  of  the  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
association  of  northern  Michigan.  In 
1882  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state 
senate.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican. 

BLISS,  ARCHIBALD  M.,  merchant, 
railroad  president,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  25,  1837,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He 
received  an  academic  education  and  was 
for  many  years  engaged  in  mercantile  pur 
suits.  He  was  for  four  years  an  alderman, 
from  1864,  and  president  of  the  board  in 
1867,  and  was  defeated  for  mayor  in  the 
latter  year.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Bal 
timore  convention  in  1864, Chicago  conven 
tion  of  1868,  and  the  Cincinnati  convention 
of  1872,  and  in  1869  and  1870  was  commis 
sioner  of  public  works  for  Brooklyn.  He 
was  a  director  in  several  banks,  vice- 
president  and  director  in  the  New  York 
and  Long  Island  Bridge  company,  and 
president  of  the  Bushwick  Railroad  com 
pany.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh, 
forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

BLISS,    CORNELIUS    NEWTON,    mer 
chant,   was   born   Jan.    26,    1833,    in    Fall 
River,  Mass.    He   was   a   member   of   the 
Pan-American     con- 

•BBHHI^Er  ~  ference;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Protect 
ive  Tariff  league; 
was  chairman  of 
the  republican  state 
committees  N  e  w 
York  of  1887  and 
1888;  was  treasurer 
of  the  national  re 
publican  committees 
in  1892  and  1896;  de 
clined  to  be  a  can 
didate  for  the  nom 
ination  for  governor  of  his  state  in  1885, 
and  refused  to  have  his  name  presented 
to  the  convention  for  that  position  in 
1891.  He  was  chairman  of  the  business 
men's  committee  which  tried  to  nominate 
President  Arthur  for  a  second  term  in 
1884,  and  was  chairman  of  the  committee 
of  thirty  in  1893.  He  was  appointed  sec 
retary  of  the  interior  March  5,  1897,  and 
was  confirmed  by  the  senate  March  5, 
1897. 

BLISS,  DANIEL,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  June  17,  1823,  in  Georgia,  Vt. 
He  is  a  congregational  missionary,  and 
president  of  the  Protestant  college  at 
Beyrout  since  1864.  He  is  the  author  of 
Mental  Philosophy;  and  Natural  Philoso 
phy  (in  Arabic). 

BLISS,  DON  ALFONSO,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Dec.  14,  1854,  in  Artesia,  Miss. 
He  has  attained  success  in  the  profession 
of  law  at  Sherman,  Tex.;  has  been  alder 
man  of  his  city,  and  is  now  judge  of  the 
fifteenth  judicial  district  of  Texas. 

BLISS,  EDWIN  MUNSELL,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  12, 
1848,  in  Turkey.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Amherst  college  and  Yale  divinity  school. 
He  is  the  editor  of  .the  New  York  Inde 
pendent,  and  the  author  of  Turkey  and 
the  Armenian  Atrocities;  and  Concise  His 
tory  of  Missions. 

BLISS,  ELIPHALET  WILLIAMS,  man 
ufacturer,  was  born  April  12,  1836,  in  Fly 


Creek,  N.  Y.  The  corporation  of  the  E. 
W.  Bliss  Co.  now  employs  600  men.  The 
plant  comprises  extensive  buildings  and 
machine  shops  for  the  manufacture  of 
tools,  presses,  dies,  and  patented  arti 
cles  of  various  kinds. 

BLISS,  GEORGE,  state  senator,  was 
born  Nov.  16,  1793,  in  Springfield,  Mass. 
In  1827  he  was  elected  to  the  lower 
branch  of  the  legislature.  He  served  for 
three  successive  terms,  and  also  in  1853, 
when  he  was  elected  speaker.  In  1835  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  state  sen 
ate.  His  attention  was  subsequently  oc 
cupied  with  the  completion  of  the  Western 
railroad  between  Worcester  and  Albany, 
and  prior  to  1846  he  was  president  of  the 
road.  He  died  April  19,  1873,  in  Spring 
field,  Mass. 

BLISS,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1813,  in  Jeri 
cho,  Vt.  In  1850  he  was  appointed  presi 
dent  judge  of  the  eighth  judicial  district 
of  Ohio,  serving  one  year,  until  the  state 
constitution  was  changed.  In  1852  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
thirty-third  congress,  and  in  1862  was 
elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

BLISS,  GEORGE,  financier,  was  born 
April  21,  1816,  in  Northampton,  Mass.  In 
1869  he  associated  himself  with  the  firm 
of  Levi  P.  Morton  &  Co.,  in  the  business 
of  banking,  under  the  name  of  Morton, 
Bliss  &  Co.  The  firm,  with  their  London 
branch  of  Morton,  Rose  &  Co.,  now  stand 
in  the  front  rank  among  the  financial  in 
stitutions  of  this  country. 

BLISS,  PHILEMON,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  28,  1814,  in  Can 
ton,  Conn.  He  was  elected  president 
judge  of  the  fourteenth  circuit  court  of 
Ohio;  and  in  1854  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress; 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress; 
and  was  subsequently  appointed  a  terri 
torial  judge  in  Dakota. 

BLISS,  PHILIP  PAUL,  singing  evan 
gelist,  was  born  July  9,  1838,  in  Clear- 
field  county,  Pa.  He  was  associated 
with  Moody  in  his  noted  evangelical  tours, 
was  composer  and  singer  of  many  of  the 
sweet  inspirational  hymns  which  vivified 
their  meetings.  He  was  killed  Dec.  30, 
1876,  in  a  railroad  disaster  in  Ashtabula, 
Ohio. 

BLISS,  PORTER  CORNELIUS,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1838,  in  Erie 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  journalist  and 
diplomat  of  some  repute  a's  a  philologist. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Ethnography  of 
Gran  Chaco,  a  district  of  Argentina;  His- 
toria  Secreta  de  la  mision,  del  ciudadano 
noto  Americano,  Charles  A.  Washburn. 
cerca  de  gobierno  de  la  republica  del 
Paraguay;  and  The  Conquest  of  Turkey 
1877-78.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1885,  in  New 
York  city. 

BLISS,  WILLIAM,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Dec.  11,  1834,  in  Springfield. 
Mass.  Since  1880  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Boston  and  Albany  railroad. 

BLISS,  WILLIAM  DWIGHT  PORTER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1856.  He 
is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Boston,  and 
prominent  as  a  leader  among  Christian 
socialists.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Hand 
book  of  Socialism;  The  Social  Faith  of  the 
Catholic  Church;  and  What  Is  Christian 
Socialism?  He  has  edited  The  Encyclo 
pedia  of  Socialism. 

BLISS,  WILLIAM  ROOT,  author,  was 
born  in  1825  in  Connecticut.  He  is  a 
business  man  of  New  York  city,  and  the 
Miitlior  of  Side  Glimpses  from  the  Colonial 
Meeting-House;  The  Old  Colony  Town  and 
Other  Sketches;  Colonial  Times  on  Buz 
zard's  Bay;  Quaint  Nantucket;  and  Para 
dise  in  the  Pacific. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


123 


BLIZZARD,  T.  H.,  educator,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  23,  1871,  in  Russell  county, 
Va.  For  several  years  he  was  professor 
in  Wood's  academy;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1894,  and  practices  his  profession 
in  Flat  Rock,  Va. 

BLOCK,  JOSEPH  C.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1856,  in  Hungary. 
He  took  a  complete  course  in  the  State 
University  of  Iowa,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  practice  of  law  in  1880.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1891  as  a  republican.  He  is  now 
judge  of  the  Cuyahoga  county  court  of 
insolvency  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

BLODGET,  LORIN,  statistician,  author, 
was  born  May  25,  1823,  near  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.  He  is  an  eminent  statistician  of 
Philadelphia  who  has  published  over 
150  volumes,  mainly  reports  upon  finance, 
revenue,  and  industrial  progress.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Climatology  of  the 
United  States;  and  Commercial  and 
Financial  Resources  of  the  United  States. 

BLODGET,  SAMUEL,  inventor,  was 
born  April  11,  1724,  in  Woburn,  Mass.  He 
commenced  the  manufacture  of  duck.  In 
1793  he  removed  to  New  Hampshire,  and 
began  the  construction  of  the  canal  which 
bears  his  name  around  Amoskeag  Falls. 
He  died  Sept.  1,  1807,  in  Haverhill,  Mass. 

BLODGETT,  DELOS  ABIEL,  capitalist, 
was  born  March  3,  1825,  in  New  York. 
He  is  the  owner  of  large  timber  lands  in 
Michigan,  Washington,  Oregon  and  most 
of  the  gulf  states,  and  is  largely  inter 
ested  in  real  estate  in  Grand  Rapids  and 
Chicago. 

BLODGETT,  HARRISON  H.,  lawyer, 
business  man,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1850,  in 
Copenhagen,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  from 
the  law  department  of  the  State 
University  of  Michigan;  and  has  at 
tained  success  in  the  profession  of  law 
at  Lincoln,  Neb.  He  is  also  engaged  in 
several  business  enterprises,  and  is  the 
owner  of  Blodgett's  park  addition  to  Lin 
coln,  Neb. 

BLODGETT,  HENRY  WILLIAMS,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  jurist,  was  born  July 
21,  1821,  in  Amherst,  Mass.  He  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Illinois  in  1831;  stud 
ied  law  in  Chicago,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1844.  In  1845  he  located  at 
Waukegan  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion;  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
Illinois  in  1852;  to  the  state  senate  in 
1858,  and  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  northern  dis 
trict  of  Illinois  in  1870.  He  was  the  pio 
neer  in  the  building  of  the  Chicago  and 
Milwaukee  railroad. 

BLODGETT,  MRS.  MABEL  (FULLER), 
author,  was  born  in  1869  in  Maine.  She 
is  the  author  of  The  Aspen  Shade,  a  novel; 
Fairy  Tales;  In  Poppy  Land,  a  book  of 
fairy  tales;  and  At  the  Queen's  Mercy,  a 
tale  of  adventure. 

BLODGETT,  RUFUS,  banker,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1834, 
in  Dorchester,  N.  H.  He  moved  to  New 
Jersey  in  1866  and  engaged  in  railroad 
business,  and  is  so  engaged  at  present. 
He  is  president  of  the  First  National 
bank  of  Long  Branch;  and  was  a  member 
of  the  New  Jersey  legislature.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention  at  Cincinnati  in  1880,  and  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
democVat  and  served  during  1887-93. 

BLOEDE,  GERTRUDE,  author,  poet. 
She  is  a  poet  and  novelist  of  Brooklyn 
who  has  usually  written  under  the  pseu 
donym  of  Stuart  Sterne,  and  is  the  author 
of  Angelo:  Giorgio  and  Other  Poems;  Be 
yond  the  Shadow;  Piero  da  Castiglione,  a 
tale  in  verse  of  the  time  of  Savonarola; 
and  The  Story  of  Two  Lives,  a  novel. 


BLOEDE,  MARIE,  author,  was  born  in 
1821.  Her  poems  and  articles,  both  in 
English  and  German,  attracted  attention. 
Her  husband,  as  the  editor  of  the  New- 
Yorker  Demokrat,  a  daily  republican 
paper,  received  assistance  from  her  lit 
erary  labors.  She  died  March  12,  1870,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BLOOD,  ARETAS,  manufacturer,  was 
born  Oct.  16,  1816,  in  Weathersfield,  Vt. 
He  is  connected  with  the  Nashua  Iron 
and  Steel  Co.;  the  Manchester  mills;  the 
Amoskeag  Paper  mill;  the  Manchester 
Hardware  company,  and  the  Second  Na 
tional  bank  of  Manchester,  of  which  he  is 
president. 

BLOOD,  FRED  GREELY,  educator,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  May  4,  1856,  in 
West  Potsdam,  N.  Y.  For  many  years  he 
taught  school,  and  is  now  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Mount  Vernon,  111.  He  was  the 
organizer  of  the  Farmers'  Alliance  and 
Industrial  Union  of  Illinois,  of  which  in 
stitution  he  was  state  secretary  for  two 
terms.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  fortieth  general  assembly 
of  the  Illinois  state  legislature. 

BLOOD,  HENRY  A.,  poet.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  writer  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  and 
the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  How  Much  I  Loved  Thee. 

BLOOD,  JARED  P.,  soldier,  lawyer,  a 
lineal  descendant  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton 
on  his  maternal  side,  was  born  Jan.  18, 
,__^____  1844.  in  Whitefleld, 
N.  H.  He  received 
his  education  at  the 
Lancaster  academy, 
N.  H.  He  served  as 
a  union  soldier  dur- 
.ng  the  civil  war,  en 
listing  in  the  first 
New  Hampshire 
heavy  artillery,  com 
pany  I,  in  August, 
1864,  and  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war. 
He  entered  the  clas 
sical  course  at  Lombard  university  in 
1866,  and  graduated  in  June,  1870,  receiv 
ing  the  degree  of  A.  B.;  and  subsequently" 
received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  the 
same  institution.  He  has  been  vice-presi 
dent,  director  and  general  counsel  for  the 
Lincoln  Park  company  and  the  Sioux  City 
and  Morningside  Railway  company,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  promoters.  He 
has  become  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  the  west,  and  has  an  extensive  prac 
tice  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  where  he  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  order, 
G.  A.  R.,  and  other  fraternal  bodies.  He 
has  also  contributed  extensively  to  law 
literature  and  various  newspapers  and 
magazines. 

BLOODGOOD,  D.,  medical  director,  was 
born  in  1831  in  New  York.  He  entered  the 
navy  as  assistant  surgeon  in  1857,  and 
in  1884  was  promoted  medical  director, 
with  the  relative  rank  of  captain  in  the 
navy,  and  colonel  in  the  army. 

BLOODGOOD,  FREEMAN  A.,  educator, 
author,  was  born  July  17,  1867,  in  Cedar 
Rapids,  Iowa.  He  has  attained  success 
in  educational  work,  has  been  superin 
tendent  of  city  schools,  and  is  now  county 
superintendent  of  schools  of  Fayette 
county,  Iowa.  He  is  the  author  of  a  text 
book  entitled  Civil  Government  and 
School  Law.  and  contributes  to  educa 
tional  publications. 

BLOODGOOD,  SIMEON  DE  WITT,  mer 
chant,  author,  was  born  in  1799  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.  He  wrote  The  Sexagenary,  or 
Reminiscences  of  the  American  Revolu 
tion:  and  a  treatise  On  Roads,  and  con 
tributed  largely  to  the  periodical  press. 
A  few  months  before  his  death  he  was 


appointed  consul-general  for  the  United 
States  of  Colombia.  He  died  July  14,  1866, 
in  New  York  city,  N.  Y. 

BLOODWORTH,  TIMOTHY,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born,  1736,  In 
North  Carolina.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  North  Carolina  in  1790 
and  1791;  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  1795  to  1801;  and  was  one  of  those 
who  voted  for  locating  the  seat  of  govern 
ment  on  the  Potomac.  He  died  Aug.  24, 
1814.  near  Washington.  N.  C. 

BLOOM,  JACOB,  educator,  musician, 
was  born  May  6,  1844,  in  Germany.  For 
several  years  he  has  been  teacher  of  the 
violin  at  Miss  Baur's  conservatory,  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  has  instructed 
many  talented  pupils  wno  have  become, 
in  their  turn,  superior  artists. 

BLOOMER,  AMELIA  JENKS,  suffra 
gist,  journalist,  author,  was  born  May  27, 
1818,  in  Homer,  N.  Y.  She  married  in 
1840,  and  resided  in  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y., 
where  she  wrote  frequently  on  the  enfran 
chisement  of  women,  and  on  Jan.  1,  1849, 
issued  the  first  number  of  The  Lily,  a 
semi-monthly  publication,  devoted  to  tem 
perance  and  woman's  rights,  which  at 
tained  a  circulation  of  4,000.  In  the  win 
ter  of  1855  Mrs.  Bloomer  addressed  the 
territorial  legislature  of  Nebraska  on  the 
subject  of  conferring  the  ballot  on  women. 
She  took  part  in  organizing  the  Iowa 
state  suffrage  association,  and  was  at 
one  time  its  president,  but  in  later  years 
withdrew  entirely  from  public  life. 

BLOOMFIELD-MOORE,  MRS.  CLARA 
SOPHIA,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1824 
in  Pennsylvania.  She  is  a  Philadelphia 
writer  who  has  lived  much  abroad,  and 
chiefly  in  England,  and  is  the  author  of 
Miscellaneous  Poems;  On  Dangerous 
Ground,  a  romance  of  American  Society; 
Sensible  Etiquette;  Gondaline's  Lesson 
and  Other  Poems;  Slander  and  Gossip; 
and  The  Warden's  Tale  and  Other  Poems. 

BLOOMFIELD,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  governor,  was  born  In 
Woodbridge,  N.  J.  He  studied  law  until 
1775,  when  he  became  an  active  friend 
of  the  revolution.  He  was  afterwards 
attorney-general  for  New  Jersey;  gov 
ernor  of  that  state  from  1801  to  1812;  was 
appointed  a  brigadier-general  by  Presi 
dent  Madison,  and  was  a  representative 
in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1817 
to  1821.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1823,  in  Burling 
ton,  N.  J. 

BLOOMINGDALE,  JOSEPH  B.,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1842,  in  New 
York  city.  For  a  while  he  was  engaged 
in  the  dry  goods  bus 
iness  in  New  York 
city,  and  in  1860 
went  to  California. 
After  working  at 

various     occupations 

B9~  Lr£        in    Nevada,    Oregon, 

^fc-^  ••       Idaho  and   Montana, 

he  returned  east  and 
^^^  '    entered     into     busi- 

MBu^J  5    ness    in    New    York 

•   city  with  his  father 
|   and  brother.     Begin 
ning    in    1872     with 

three  employes,  they  now  employ  nearly 
fifteen  hundred  workmen;  and  he  is  rec 
ognized  as  one  of  the  leading  merchants 
of  New  York  city.  He  is  prominent  in  the 
Masonic  fraternity  and  is  noted  for  his 
many  acts  of  benevolence  and  charity. 

BLOOMINGDALE,  LYMAN  G.,  soldier, 
merchant,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1841,  in  New 
York.  In  1872  he  aided  in  organizing  the 
firm  of  Bloomingdale  Brothers  of  New 
York  city,  to  transact  a  dry  goods  and 
general  trade,  and  is  senior  partner  of  the 
firm. 


124 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BLOSS,  JOHN  M.,  soldier,  educator, 
was  born  Jan.  21,  1839,  In  Washington 
county,  Ind.  He  was  a  private  in  the 
twenty-seventh  regiment  Indiana  volun 
teer  infantry,  company  F.  He  has  been 
an  active  member  in  county  institutes, 
and  has  been  president  of  the  State  Teach 
ers'  association. 

BLOT,  PIERRE,  instructor,  author,  was 
born  in  1818  in  France.  He  was  a  noted 
cooking  instructor  of  New  York  city, 
and  the  author  of  What  to  Eat  and  How 
to  Cook  It;  Lectures  on  Cookery;  and 
Handbook  of  Practical  Cookery.  He  died 
Aug.  26,  1874,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

BLOUNT,  AINSWORTH  EMERY,  agri 
culturist,  horticulturist,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  6,  1831,  near  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
During  1849-59  he  was  in  the  schools  cf 
New  Hampshire  and  graduated  from  Dart 
mouth  college  in  July,  1859.  From  that 
date  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war, 
he  was  president  of  the  Cleveland  Female 
college,  Tenn.  He  then  enlisted  and  was 
captain  of  a  company  in  the  first  East 
Tennessee  cavalry  for  over  three  years; 
and  in  1865  again  assumed  the  presidency 
of  the  Cleveland  Female  college  until 
1878.  He  then  became  professor  of 
agriculture  and  horticulture  in  the  Colo 
rado  Agricultural  college,  remained  there 
until  1890,  and  has  since  occupied  the 
same  position  in  the  New  Mexico  Agri 
cultural  college.  He  is  the  author  of  an 
important  work  on  Agriculture  and  Hor 
ticulture  for  the  Farmer.  He  has  given 
a  special  scientific  investigation  to  the 
improvement  of  the  cereals,  as  well  as  all 
agricultural  and  horticultural  products, 
soils,  and  irrigation. 

BLOUNT,  I.  T.,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  Dec.  22,  1846,  in  Ripley,  Miss.  He 
graduated  from  the  Law  School  University 
of  Mississippi,  and  has  attained  promi 
nence  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Water  Valley, 
Miss.,  where  he  has  been  mayor  and  also 
held  various  other  positions  of  trust.  He 
has  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  Mississippi  state  legislature,  and 
was  a  Cleveland  elector  in  1893. 

BLOUNT,  JAMES  H.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1837,  in  Clinton, 
Ga.  He  received  a  classical  education, 
graduating  from  the  University  of  Geor 
gia  in  1857;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1859,  engaged  in  practice  and 
settled  in  Macon,  Ga.  He  was  a  member 
from  Georgia  to  the  forty-third,  forty- 
fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-sev 
enth,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth, 
fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

BLOUNT,  THOMAS,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1760  in  Edgecombe,  N. 
C.  He  was  a  general  of  militia,  and  a 
representative  from  his  native  state  in  the 
twelfth  congress.  He  died  Feb.  7,  1812 
(n  Washington,  D.  C. 

BLOUNT,  WILLIAM,  United  States 
senator,  governor,  was  born  in  1744  in 
North  Carolina.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  continental  congress  in  1782,  1783 
1786  and  1787,  from  North  Carolina,  and 
was  governor  of  the  territory  south  of  the 
Ohio,  having  been  appointed  to  that  office 
in  1790.  In  1796  he  was  chosen  president 
of  the  convention  of  Tennessee,  and  was 
elected  the  same  year,  by  that  state,  to  a 
seat  in  the  United  States  senate.  While 
his  impeachment  trial  was  in  progress  in 
the  United  States  senate  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  and  made 
president  thereof.  He  died  March  10 
1810,  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

BLOUNT,  WILLIAM  G.,  congressman, 
was  a  representative  In  congress,  from 
Tennessee,  from  1815  to  1819.  He  died 
May  21,  1827. 


BLOUNT,  WILLIE,  legislator,  governor, 
was  born  in  1767  in  North  Carolina.  He 
was  secretary  to  his  brother  William 
while  territorial  governor  of  Ohio.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Tennessee  legisla 
ture;  governor  from  1809  to  1815,  and  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  in  1834.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1835, 
in  Clarksville.  Tenn. 

BLOW,  HENRY  T.,  business  man,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  July  15, 
1817,  in  Southampton  county,  Va.  He  re 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1830;  graduated  at 
St.  Louis  university;  devoted  himself  to 
the  drug  and  lead  business,  and  served 
four  years  in  the  state  senate.  In  1862  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1875,  in  Saratoga, 
N.  Y. 

BLOWERS,  SAMPSON  SALTER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  March  22,  1742,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  1785  he  was  appointed 
attorney-general  and  speaker  of  the  house 
of  assembly;  and  in  1797  chief  justice  of 
the  supreme  court,  having  had  for  some 
years  a  seat  in  the  council.  In  1801,  he 
became  presiding  judge,  which  office  he 
resigned  in  1833.  He  died  Oct.  25,  1842, 
in  Halifax,  N.  S. 

BLOXAM,  HENRY,  physician,  lawyer, 
was  born  March  17,  1831,  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.  He  received  his  degree  of  medicine 
from  the  Kentucky  school  of  medicine 
and  attained  success  as  a  physician.  In 
1861  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  also 
attained  success  in  that  profession.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  county  board 
for  several  terms;  prominent  in  public 
affairs,  and  died  Dec.  23,  1889,  in  Mount 
Auburn,  111. 

BLOXHAM,  WILLIAM  D.,  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  July  9,  1835,  in  Leon 
county,  Fla.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Florida  state  legislature; 
was  presidential  elector  in  1868,  and  in 
1870  was  elected  lieutenant-governor.  In 
1876  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  ex 
ecutive  committee;  was  appointed  secre 
tary  of  state  in  1880  for  a  term  of  four 
years;  and  during  1886-90  was  United 
States  surveyor-general  to  Florida.  Dur 
ing  1890-96  he  was  state  comptroller.  In 
1896  he  was  elected  governor  of  Florida 
for  a  second  term  of  four  years. 

BLUE,  RICHARD  WHITING,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  8, 
1841,  in  Wood  county,  Va.  He  enlisted 
in  the  third  West  Virginia  volunteer  in 
fantry,  and  served  first  as  a  private  and 
later  as  lieutenant  in  said  regiment.  He 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession  and  was  in 
active  practice  when  elected  to  congress. 
He  has  been  probate  judge  of  his  county 
two  terms,  county  attorney  two  terms, 
and  a  state  senator  of  Kansas  two  terms, 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

BLUNT,  EDMOND  MARCH,  author, 
was  born  June  20,  1770,  in  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  bookseller  of  Newbury •• 
port  whose  chief  work.  The  American 
Coast  Pilot  (1796),  is  still  in  use.  He 
died  Jan.  2,  1862,  in  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y. 

BLUNT,  EDMUND,  hydrographer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1799,  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.  In  1855-56  he  furnished 
the  points  to  determine  the  exterior  line 
of  New  York  harbor.  While  he  was  on 
the  coast  survey  his  attention  was  di 
rected  to  the  inferiority  of  the  lights  in 
the  American  lighthouses,  and  he  was 
the  proposer  and  advocate  of  the  Intro 
duction  of  Fresnel's  system  of  signal- 
lights.  He  also  invented  the  dividing- 
engine.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1866,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 


BLUNT,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  hydro- 
grapher,  author,  was  born  March  11,  1802,. 
in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Atlantic  Memoir;  Sheet  Anchor; 
Harbor  Laws  of  New  York;  and  Plan  to 
Avoid  the  Center  of  Violent  Gales.  He 
died  April  19,  1878,  in  New  York  city. 

BLUNT,  JAMES  G.,  soldier,  physician, 
was  born  in  1826  in  Hancock  county, 
Maine.  In  1861  he  entered  the  army  as 
lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  third  Kansas 
volunteers.  He  com 
manded  the  cavalry 
in  Gen.  James  Lane's 
brigade,  and  in  1862, 
r^  .  was  promoted  brig 

adier-general  and  as 
signed  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  military- 
department  of  Kan 
sas.  On  Oct.  22,  1862. 

in  the  battle  of  Old 

Fort  Wayne  his  Kan 
sas  and  Cherokee  troops  routed  the  con 
federate  force  concentrated  at  Maysville, 
on  the  western  border  of  Arkansas.  On 
Nov.  28  he  attacked  and  defeated  Mar- 
maduke's  forces  at  Cane  Hill,  Ark.  On 
Dec.  7,  1862,  he  encountered  and  defeated, 
with  the  aid  of  Gen.  Herron,  the  confed 
erates  under  Hindman  at  Prairie  Grove. 
He  died  in  1881  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BLYDENBURGH,  CHARLES  ED 
WARD,  engineer  of  mines,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  19,  1854,  in  Brook 
lyn.  N.  Y.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in 
private  schools;  in 
1870  he  entered  the- 
Princeton  col- 
lege,  and  there  grad 
uated  from  the  aca 
demic  department  in 
1874.  The  same  yeai- 
he  entered  the  Co!- 
umbia  college 
.school  of  mines,  and 
in  1878  graduated 
therefrom  with  the  degree  of  engineer  of 
mines.  During  1881-82  he  was  county 
superintendent  of  schools  in  Wyoming; 
and  in  1888  was  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of  the  tenth  legislature 
of  Wyoming  territory.  In  1889  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  and  the  following 
year  became  city  attorney  of  Rawlins, 
Wyo.,  and  served  three  terms.  During 
1892-94  he  was  president  of  the  city  coun 
cil;  and  in  1896  was  chairman  of  the 
democratic  state  committee  of  Wyoming. 
In  1898  he  was  nominated  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Wyoming. 

BLYE,  BIRDICE,  pianist,  was  born  in 
Iowa.  When  an  infant  she  removed  to 
Indiana,  and  her  home  has  been  prin 
cipally  in  New  York 
city.  When  ten  years 
of  age  she  played  in 
concerts  extensively 
in  London  and  the 
chief  continental 
cities;  frequently 
playing  before  the 
royal  families  of 
England  and  Ger 
many.  She  studied 
with  the  greatest  of 
masters,  and  lastly 
with  Rubinstein, 
who  introduced  her  to  the  leading  musi 
cians  of  Germany  as  the  coming  great 
American  pianist.  She  is  thoroughly  edu 
cated  and  speaks  several  languages  flu 
ently.  She  has  an  extensive  repertoire; 
and  her  playing  is  noted  for  the  grace  and 
poetry  of  her  interpretations,  beauty  of 
tone,  and  perfection  of  finish. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


125 


BLYTHE,  JAMES,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Oct.  2?., 
1765,  in  Mecklenburg  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  president  of  Transylvania  col 
lege  for  several  years,  but  resigned 
about  1818  and  established  a  semi 
nary  for  young  ladies.  In  1832  he  ac 
cepted  the  presidency  of  South  Hanover 
college,  which  he  resigned  in  1836.  He 
died  May  2,  1842,  in  Hanover,  Ind. 

BOARDMAN,  ARTHUR  EDWIN,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  March  20,  1850, 
in  Macon,  Ga.  Since  1894  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Hendersonville  and  Bre- 
vard  railway,  at  Brevard,  N.  C. 

BOARDMAN,  DAVID  SHERMAN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1768.  For  several 
years  he  was  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Connecticut.  He  died  Dec.  2, 
1864,  in  New  Milford,  Conn. 

BOARDMAN,  ELIJAH,  merchant,  legis 
lator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  7,  1760,  in  New  Milford,  Mass.  He 
became  a  successful  merchant;  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  the  legislature;  was 
a  member  of  the  council;  and  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  Connecticut 
from  1821  to  1823.  He  died  Oct.  8,  1823, 
in  Boardman,  Ohio. 

BOARDMAN,  GEORGE  DANA,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1828,  in 
Burmah.  He  is  a  prominent  baptist  cler 
gyman  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author 
of  Coronation  of  Love;  Studies  in  the 
Creative  Week;  Epiphanies  of  the  Risen 
Lord;  Studies  in  the  Mountain  Instruc 
tion;  University  Lectures  on  the  Ten 
Commandments;  and  The  Divine  Man. 

BOARDMAN,  GEORGE  NYE,  clergy 
man,  educator,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1825,  in 
Pittsford,  Vt.  In  1859  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
•church  in  Bingham,  N.  Y.  In  1871  he  re 
signed  this  pastorate  to  accept  a  profes 
sorship  in  Chicago  Theological  seminary, 
which  post  he  still  holds. 

BOARDMAN,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1808, 
in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  was  once  a  noted  pres- 
byterian  divine  of  Philadelphia;  and  the 
author  of  The  Bible  In  the  Family;  The 
Bible  in  the  Counting-House;  The  Chris 
tian  Ministry  not  a  Priesthood;  Earthly 
Suffering  and  Heavenly  Glory;  and  A 
Handful  of  Corn.  He  died  June  15,  1880, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BOARDMAN,  SAMUEL  WARD,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Aug.  31,  1830,  in  Pittsford,  Vt.  He  gradu 
ated  from  the  Castleton  seminary  in 
1847,  Middlebury  college  in  1851,  and  An- 
dover  Theological  seminary  in  1855;  and 
has  filled  pastorates  in  the  congregational 
and  presbyterian  churches.  Since  1889 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Maryville 
college  of  Maryville,  Tenn. 

BOARDMAN,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  10,  1794,  in  New  Milford,  Conn.  He 
was  at  one  time  judge  of  probate;  for 
several  years  in  the  state  legislature, 
and  speaker  of  the  house;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Connecti 
cut  from  1841  to  1843. 

BOARMAN,  ALECK,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1839,  in 
Yazoo  City,  Miss.  He  served  throughout 
the  war  as  an  officer  in  the  confederate 
army.  He  began  to  practice  law  in  1866; 
and  settled  in  Louisiana.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  that  state  to  the  forty- 
second  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  was 
judge  of  the  state  district  court  for  one 
term;  and  in  1881  was  appointed  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  western  dis 
trict  of  Louisiana. 


BOARMAN,  CHARLES,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  During  the  civil 
war  he  was  on  special  service.  He  was 
retired  with  the  rank  of  commodore  on 
April  4,  1867,  and  made  a  rear-admiral  on 
the  retired  list,  Aug.  15,  1876.  He  died 
Sept.  13,  1879,  in  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. 

BOATMAN,  J.  AUSTIN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1848,  in  Jessamine 
county,  Ky.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the 
De  Pauw  university,  and  has  attained 
distinction  as  one  of  the  foremost  Iowa 
clergymen  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  Iowa 
at  Newton,  Albia,  Brooklyn,  Washing 
ton,  Bloomfield,  and  is  now  at  Fairfield. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Holy  Mother, 
a  poem;  and  Paido-Theology,  a  study  of 
the  status  of  childhood  under  Christian 
ity. 

BOATNER,  CHARLES  J.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  23, 
1849,  in  Columbia,  La.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  January,  1870;  and  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in 
1876.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first, 
fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses, 
and  received  the  certificate  of  election  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress,  but  his  seat  was 
declared  vacant  March  20,  1896.  At  a 
special  election  held  June  10,  1896,  he  was 
elected  to  the  short  term  of  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

BOCKEE,  ABRAHAM,  jurist,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  North 
east,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  in  1820,  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1829  to 
1831,  and  again  from  1833  to  1837.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  from  1842 
to  1845;  and  also  held  the  position,  in 
1846,  of  first  judge  of  the  Dutchess  county 
court.  He  died  June  1,  1865,  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y. 

BOCOCK,  THOMAS  S.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1815  in  Bucking 
ham  county,  Va.  He  sat  for  several  terms 
in  the  house  of  delegates,  was  elected  to 
congress  as  a  democrat  in  1846,  and  sat 
for  seven  successive  terms,  until  the  or 
dinance  of  secession  was  enacted.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  to  the  confederate  con 
gress. 

BODEN,  ANDREW,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1817  to  1821. 

BODINE,  ROBERT  N.,  educator,  law 
yer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  17,  1837,  in  Monroe  county,  Mo.  He 
has  held  the  office  of 
prosecuting  attorney 
and  been  elected 
twice  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  legis 
lature,  in  which  ca 
pacity  he  was  a 
member  of  the  com 
mittee  on  the  revis 
ion  of  the  statutes. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  regents 
of  the  Kirksville 
Normal  school  at  the 
time  of  his  nomination  for  congress;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

BODINE,  WILLIAM  BUDD,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  March  10, 
1841,  in  Burlington  county,  N.  J.  He  has 
been  rector  of  the  Memorial  church  of 
Baltimore,  Md.;  president  of  Kenyon  col 
lege,  Ohio;  and  is  now  rector  of  the 
Church  of  the  Savior  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BODLE,  CHARLES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1833  to  1835.  He  died  in 
1836  in  New  York  city. 


BODLEY,  RACHEL  L.,  physician, 
chemist,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
She  was  elected  dean  of  the  faculty  of 
the  Women's  Medical  college  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  lecturer  on  chemistry  in  the 
Franklin  institute  of  Philadelphia  She 
died  in  1888. 

BODMAN,  EDWARD  CUSHMAN,  mer 
chant,  was  born  March  22,  1840,  in  Charle- 
mont,  Mass.  He  was  in  the  grain  trade 
in  Toledo  in  1865-85,  being  president  of 
the  Northern  National  bank  there,  1873- 
82.  He  went  to  New  York  in  1885,  and 
his  firm  of  Milmine,  Bodman  and  Co. 
have  already  won  a  name,  ranking  as  a 
leading  house  in  the  grain  trade. 

BODWELL,  CHARLES,  farmer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  Methuen,  Mass.  He 
was  a  successful  farmer  and  millwright 
of  Dracut,  Mass.;  and  in  1821-^^  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  house  of 
representatives. 

BODWELL,  JOSEPH  R.,  governor  of 
Maine,  was  born  June  18,  1818,  in  Me 
thuen,  Mass.  He  opened  quarries  in  1852 
on  an  island  in  Penobscot  bay,  and  organ 
ized  the  Bodwell,  and,  in  1870,  the  Hallo- 
well  granite  company.  He  served  twice  in 
the  legislature,  and  in  1886  was  elected 
governor  by  the  republicans.  He  died 
Dec.  15,  1887,  in  Hallowell,  Maine. 

BOEDECKER,  G.  A.  W.,  poet,  business 
man.  He  is  a  successful  business  man 
of  Brooklyn,  Kan.;  and  contributes  ex 
tensively  both  prose  and  verse  to  tne 
periodical  press. 

BOEN,  HALDOR  E.,  educator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1851,  in  Norway. 
In  1888  he  was  elected  register  of  deeds 
and  re-elected  in  1890;  was  chairman  of 
fifth  congressional  district  alliance  com 
mittee  in  1890;  was  chairman  of  the  first 
congressional  committee  of  the  people's 
party  in  the  seventh  district  in  1892;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as 
the  candidate  of  the  people's  party. 

BOERUM,  SIMON,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  29,  1724,  in  New  Lots,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  New  York  to  the 
continental  congress,  from  1774  to  17V7. 
He  died  July  11,  1775,  in  BrooKiyn  Ferry, 
N.  Y. 

BOGARDUS,  ABRAHAM,  photograph 
er,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1822,  in  Fishkill, 
N.  Y.  Numerous  improvements  in  the 
preparations  of  solutions,  processes,  and 
apparatus  have  been  devised  by  him. 

BOGARDUS,  CHARLES,  soldier,  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  28,  1841,  in  Cayuga 
county,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  one  hundred  and  fifty-first 
New  York  infantry;  and  was  brevetted 
to  a  colonelcy  for  gallant  and  meritori 
ous  services  before  Petersburg.  He  was 
once  severely  wounded,  and  captured  by 
the  enemy.  He  has  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state 
senate. 

BOGARDUS,  JAMES,  engineer,  invent 
or,  was  born  March  14,  1800,  in  Catskill, 
N.  Y.  He  made  important  improvements 
in  cotton  spinning,  invented  many  useful 
mechanical  instruments,  and  in  1847  he 
built  in  New  York  city  the  first  iron  build 
ing  in  the  United  States.  He  died  April 
13,  1874,  in  New  York  city,  N.  Y. 

BOGART,  ELIZABETH,  poet,  was  born 
about  1806  in  New  York  city.  She  con 
tributed  to  periodicals,  chiefly  the  New 
York  Mirror,  under  the  pen-name  of 
Estelle,  her  first  pieces  appearing  in  1825. 
Specimens  of  her  poetry  are  reprinted  in 
Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 
She  wrote  two  prize  stories,  entitled  The 
Effect  of  a  Single  Folly,  and  The  Forged 
Note,  evincing  constructive  ability;  and 
He  Came  Too  Late,  and  other  poems. 


126 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BOGART,  G.  HENRI,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1857,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  educator  and  journalist.  He 
is  the  author  of  about  five  hundred  poems, 
including  songs  and  recitation  pieces. 

BOGART,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  28,  1810,  in  Albany,'  N.  Y. 
He  was  the  author  of  Life  of  Daniel 
Boone;  and  Who  Goes  There?  or  Men 
and  Events.  He  died  Aug.  21,  1888,  in 
Aurora,  N.  Y. 

BOGGESS,  CALEB,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  29,  1822,  in  Lumberport,  W.  Va.  In 
1842  he  was  appointed  a  cadet  in  the  Vir 
ginia  Military  insti 
tute,  from  which  he 
graduated  three 
years  later  with  the 
highest  honors.  He 
then  returned  to 
Clarksburg  and  stud 
ied  law,  and  prac 
ticed  his  profession 
for  more  than  thirty 
years.  He  was  elect 
ed  as  a  union  candi 
date  to  represent 
Lewis  county  in  the 
convention  of  Richmond.  He  was  the 
chief  counsel  for  West  Virginia  of  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad.  He  pos 
sessed  a  rare  legal  and  mathematical 
mind;  had  a  large  practice  in  the  su 
preme  court  of  appeals  of  the  state,  and 
argued  a  number  of  important  cases  in 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  April  14,  1889. 

BOGGS,  CHARLES  STUART,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1811,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  captain  on  July  16,  1862,  and 
was  made  a  commodore  July  25,  1866.  He 
commanded  the  steamer  De  Soto,  of  the 
North  Atlantic  squadron,  in  1867-68.  In 
1869-70  he  was  assigned  to  the  European 
fleet,  and  prepared  a  report  on  the  condi 
tion  of  steam-engines  afloat.  On  July  1, 
1870,  he  received  promotion  to  rear-ad 
miral,  and  was  appointed  lighthouse  in 
spector  of  the  third  district.  He  was 
placed  on  the  retired  list  in  1873.  He  died 
April  22,  1888,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

BOGGS,  GEORGE  BRENTON,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1844,  in  Somer- 
ville,  N.  J.  He  entered  the  railroad  ser 
vice  in  1862;  and  is  now  chief  engineer 
and  comptroller  of  the  Perkiomen  rail 
road  at  Norristown,  Pa. 

BOGGS,  JULIUS  E.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1854,  in  Pickens  county, 
S.  C.  Since  1891  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Pickens  railroad. 

BOGGS,  L.  W.,  pioneer,  governor,  was 
born  in  1798  in  Kentucky.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Missouri  in  1836,  and  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  expulsion  of  fhe 
Mormons.  In  1846  he  migrated  to  Cali 
fornia,  and  in  the  years  1847-49  was  al 
calde  of  the  Sonoma  district.  He  died  in 
1861  in  California. 

BOGLE,  JAMES,  painter,  was  born  in 
1817  in  Georgetown,  S.  C.  He  came  to 
New  York  in  1836  and  entered  the  studio 
of  Prof.  Morse,  inventor  of  the  telegraph 
and  the  founder  of  the  national  academy 
of  design.  He  executed  portraits  of  John 
C.  Calhoun,  Henry  Clay,  Daniel  Webster, 
Chief  Justice  Jones,  Bishop  Atkinson,  of 
North  Carolina,  De  Witt  Clinton,  and  Rev. 
Dr.  Budington.  Among  his  later  pictures 
were  portraits  of  Gen.  John  A.  Dix  and 
Henry  I.  Raymond.  He  died  Oct.  11,  1873, 
In  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BOGUE,  GEORGE  MARQUIS,  capital 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1842,  in  Norfolk, 
N.  Y.  From  1875-76  he  was  a  member  of 


the  Illinois  legislature;  in  1876  a  member 
of  the  railroad  and  warehouse  commis 
sion  for  the  state  of  Illinois;  in  1889-90 
was  president  of  the  Chicago  real  e'state 
board;  and  is  also  president  of  the  pres- 
byterian  hospital  and  director  of  a  num 
ber  of  business  corporations. 

BOGY,  LEWIS  V.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  9, 
1813,  in  St.  Genevieve,  Mo.  He  was  several 
times  elected  to  the  state  legislature;  and 
was  commissioner  of  Indian  affairs  in 
1867  and  1868.  He  was  one  of  the  pro 
jectors  and  friends  of  the  St.  Louis  and 
Iron  Mountain  railroad,  of  which  he  was 
for  two  years  president.  He  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879. 
He  died  Sept.  20,  1877,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

BOHMER,  JOHN  GEORGE,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1848, 
in  Rich  Fountain,  Mo.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  parish  and  public  schools, 
from  private  tutors,  and  at  the  Jones 
Commercial  college.  He  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent  educators  of  the  west; 
has  filled  the  chairs  of  penmanship,  book 
keeping,  commercial  law  and  English; 
and  is  now  the  president  and  pro 
prietor  of  the  Jones  Commercial  college 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  which  was  estab 
lished  in  1841  by  Prof.  Jonathan  Jones. 
This  college  is  the  only  institution  in  St. 
Louis  that  teaches  bookkeeping  by  actual 
business  practice;  and  their  system  is 
protected  both  by  patents  and  copyright. 
Prof.  Bohmer  has  made  his  college  the 
leading  institution  of  its  kind  west  of 
the  Mississippi. 

BOIES,  HENRY  M.,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  philanthropist,  author,  was  born 
in  1837,  in  Lee,  Mass.  In  1882  he  was 
chosen  president  of  the  Dickson  Manufac 
turing  company.  He  invented  a  new  and 
improved  steel-tired  car  wheel,  now 
manufactured  by  the  Boies  Steel  Wheel 
company,  of  which  company  he  is  presi 
dent.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  Prisoners  and  Paupers. 

BOIES,  HORACE,  lawyer,  governor, 
was  born  Dec.  7,  1827,  in  Aurora,  N.  Y. 
In  1857  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  as 
sembly,  and  later  resided  in  Buffalo.  Soon 
after  the  close  of  the  war  Mr.  Boies  re 
moved  to  Waterloo,  Iowa,  where  he  quick 
ly  obtained  a  profitable  law  practice.  In 
1884  he  left  the  republican  party  and  be 
came  a  democrat,  being  elected  by  them 
governor  of  Iowa  in  1890,  to  which  office 
he  was  re-elected.  In  June,  1892,  he  was  a 
prominent  western  candidate  for  the  nom 
ination  to  the  presidency,  and  he  is  the 
democratic  leader  in  his  state. 

BOISE,  JAMES  ROBINSON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1815,  in  Blan- 
ford,  Mass.  From  1852  to  1868  he  was 
professor  of  Greek  in  the  university  of 
Michigan,  and  after  1868  in  the  university 
of  Chicago.  He  published  in  Chicago 
Xenophon's  Anabasis,  with  English 
notes;  the  first  six  books  of  Homer's 
Iliad;  Greek  Syntax;  First  Lessons  in 
Greek;  and  other  text-books;  and  in  1884 
Notes  Critical  and  Explanatory  on  St. 
Paul's  Epistles. 

BOK,  EDWARD  WILLIAM,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1863.  He  is  editor  of 
the  Ladies'  Home  Journal;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Young  Man  in  Business; 
Successward;  and  a  Young  Man's  Book 
for  Young  Men. 

BOK,  WILLIAM  JOHN,  journalist,  was 
born  May  11,  1861,  in  Netherlands.  In 
1881,  with  his  brother,  he  established  the 
Bok  Literary  Syndicate  Press  of  New 
York;  and  in  1SS7  was  associated  with 
his  brother  in  compiling  the  Beecher 
Memorial. 


BOKEE,  DAVID  A.,  naval  officer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1805,  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1849  to  1851. 
He  died  March  16,  1860,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

BOKER,  GEORGE  HENRY,  diploma 
tist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1823, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  poet  anil 
diplomat  of  Philadelphia,  and  United 
States  minister  to  Turkey  and  Russia.  He 
is  the  author  of  four  tragedies,  Calaynos; 
Anne  Boleyn;  Lenor  de  Guzman;  Fran- 
cesca  da  Rimini,  the  first  and  last  are  the 
finest,  the  last  having  been  revived  with 
success  in  very  recent  years.  His  vol 
umes  of  verse  include  The  Lesson  of  Life; 
Poems  of  War;  The  Book  of  the  Dead; 
Konigsmark;  Street  Lyrics;  Our  Heroic 
Themes.  Plays  of  lesser  rank  are  The 
Widow's  Marriage;  and  The  Betrothal. 
He  died  Jan.  2,  1890,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BOLEN,  DAVID  WINTON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1851,  in 
Carroll  county,  Va.  He  was  three  times 
elected  to  the  state  legislature;  was  four 
years  judge  of  the  county  court  of  Carroll 
county;  and  two  years  judge  of  the  fif 
teenth  judicial  circuit  of  Virginia. 

BOLES,  THOMAS,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  July  16,  1837, 
in  Clarksville,  Ark.  In  1863  and  1864  he 
served  as  a  captain  in  the  union  army, 
experiencing  many  trials  from  ill-health 
and  military  arrests.  In  1865  he  was 
chosen  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  district 
of  Arkansas,  which  position  he  resigned 
early  in  1868.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Arkansas  to  the  fortieth 
and  forty-first  congresses. 

BOLL,  JACOB,  naturalist,  author,  was 
born  May  29,  1828,  in  Switzerland.  He 
was  a  pupil  of  Louis  Agassiz,  and  was 
employed  by  Edward  D.  Cope  to  go  to 
Texas  and  examine  the  fossiliferous,.  and 
iron  deposits  of  that  state,  with  a  view  to 
determining  their  geological  character. 
He  made  many  important  discoveries  in 
the  formations  that  he  explored.  He  died 
Sept.  29,  1880,  in  Wilbarger  county,  Texas. 

BOLLAN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  England.  He  was  an  English 
lawyer  who  settled  in  Boston  in  1740,  and 
was  subsequently  colonial  agent  in  Lon 
don  for  Massachusetts.  He  was  active 
in  its  behalf  and  wrote  many  political 
tracts  for  that  end,  among  which  The  Mu 
tual  Interests  of  Great  Britain  and  the 
American  Colonies  Considered,  is  a  favor 
able  example.  He  died  in  1776  in  Massa 
chusetts. 

BOLLER,  ALFRED  PANCOAST,  engin 
eer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1840,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  an  engineer  of 
note  whose  specialty  is  bridge  construc 
tion;  and  is  the  author  of  Practical 
Treatise  on  the  Construction  of  Iron 
Highway  Bridges;  and  Report  on  Thames 
River  Bridge. 

BOLLES,  ALBERT  SIDNEY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1845  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  a  political  economist  of  prominence, 
and  professor  in  the  university  of  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  the  author  of  Chapters 
in  Political  Economy;  The  Conflict  be 
tween  Labor  and  Capital;  Industrial  His 
tory  of  the  United  States;  Financial  His 
tory  of  the  United  States,  1774-1860;  and 
Elements  of  Commercial  Law. 

BOLLES,  EDWIN  CORTLANDT,  ml- 
croscopist,  lecturer,  was  born  Sept.  19, 
1836,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  From  1870  to 
1875  he  was  professor  of  microscopy  In  St. 
Lawrence  university,  Canton,  N.  Y.,  and 
since  1-870  has  lectured  on  that  subject  in 
Tufts  college  at  College  Hill,  Mass.  He 
has  contributed  articles  on  his  specialty 
to  periodicals,  and  published  sermons. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


127 


BOLLES,  FRANK,  author,  was  born  in 
1856  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  writer 
of  nature  studies  of  the  school  of  Jef- 
feries  and  Thoreau,  though  with  import 
ant  differences  from  either.  He  was  the 
author  of  From  Blomidon  to  Smoky;  At 
the  North  of  Bearcamp  Water;  Land  of 
the  Lingering  Snow;  and  Chocorua's 
Tenants,  a  volume  of  verse.  He  died  in 
1894. 

BOLLES,  JOHN  A.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  April  16,  1809,  in  Eastford, 
Conn.  He  was  graduated  at  Brown  in 
1829,  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Boston  in 
1833,  and  in  1843  chosen  secretary  of  state 
under  Gov.  Marcus  Morton.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  harbor  and  back  bay  com 
mission  in  1852.  From  1862  till  1865  he 
served  as  judge-advocate  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  John  A.  Dix,  who  was  his  brother- 
in-law.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers  in  1865,  and  appointed 
naval  solicitor  the  same  year.  He  died 
May  25,  1878,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BOLLES,  JOSHUA  A.,  journalist.  He  is 
the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Gazette  of 
New  Milford,  Conn.  His  paper  was  es 
tablished  in  1872;  and  is  fearless  and  in 
dependent  In  all  that  it  advocates.  He 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

BOLLINGER,  ALBERT  C.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1870,  in 
Steelville,  111.  In  1892  he  declined  the 
nomination  for  state's  attorney  of  Ran 
dolph  county,  111.;  and  subsequently 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state 
senate. 

BOLSTER,  WILLIAM  WHEELER, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1823  in  Maine. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Auburn,  Maine;  and 
the  author  of  Digest  of  the  Law  of  Tax 
Titles;  and  The  Authority  and  Duty  of 
Town  Officers. 

BOLTON,  CHANNING  MOORE,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1843,  in 
Richmond,  Va.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war;  and  from  1863-65  was  commissioned 
officer  in  the  engineers  corps,  Confeder 
ate  States  of  America;  from  1874-75  he 
located  several  small  railroads  in  Virginia 
and  North  Carolina;  and  in  1876-79  was 
engineer  in  charge  for  the  United  States 
government.  In  1887-88  he  was  president 
and  manager  of  the  Richmond  City  rail 
road. 

BOLTON,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  May  16,  1841,  in 
South  Hadley  Falls,  Mass.  He  has  at 
tained  a  national  reputation  as  a  brilliant 
lecturer;  and  is  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  Realistic  Travels. 

BOLTON,  CHARLES  KNOWLES,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1867,  in 
In  1887  he  published  a 
volume  of  poems  en 
titled  From  Heart 
and  Nature;  and  has 
also  published  a 
genealogy  of  the 
Bolton  Family.  He 
has  traveled  exten 
sively  in  Europe, 
and  has  given  art 
entertainments  of 
one  thousand  bril 
liant  views  through 
out  America.  His 
other  works  are: 
Gossiping  Guide  to  Harvard;  Saskia  the 
Wife  of  Rembrandt;  Notes  on  Special 
Collections  in  American  Libraries  (with 
W.  C.  Lane).  Verse:  Poems:  from  Heart 
and  Nature;  The  Wooing  of  Martha  Pit- 
kin;  and  the  Love  Story  of  Ursula  Wol- 
cott. 


Cleveland,  Ohio. 


BOLTON,  HENRY  CARRINGTON,  edu 
cator,  scientist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28, 
1843,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  scientist 
and  professor  of  chemistry  at  Trinity  col 
lege;  and  the  author  of  Application  of 
Organic  Acids  to  the  Examination  of 
Minerals;  Literature  of  Uranium;  Liter 
ature  of  Manganese;  Student's  Guide  in 
Quantitative  Analysis;  and  Counting-out 
Rhymes  of  Children:  their  Antiquity, 
Origin,  and  Wide  Distribution. 

BOL1ON,  JAMES,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  June  5,  1812,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 
In  1855  he  opened  a  private  hospital  in 
Richmond,  Va.;  was  president  of  the 
Virginia  State  Medical  society;  and  pub 
lished  many  articles  on  subjects  pertain 
ing  to  surgery  and  medicine.  He  died 
May  15,  1869. 

BOLTON,  MRS.  SARAH  KNOWLES, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1841,  in  Farm- 
ington,  Conn.  She  is  a  miscellaneous 
writer  of  Cleveland  whose  successive  col 
lections  of  biographical  sketches  have 
been  extremely  popular.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  Famous  Givers  and  Their  Gifts; 
How  Success  Is  Won;  Poor  Boys  who  Be 
came  Famous;  Girls  who  Became  Fam 
ous;  Famous  American  Authors;  Famous 
American  Statesmen;  Successful  Women; 
Social  Studies  in  England;  Famous 
Types  of  Womanhood;  Famous  voyages 
and  Explorers;  Famous  Leaders  Among 
Men;  and  The  Inevitable,  a  collection  of 
pleasing,  unpretentious  verse. 

BOLTON,  MRS.  SARAH  TITTLE,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1815,  in 
Newport,  Ky.  She  was  a  writer  whose 
name  is  kept  in  mind  by  her  oft  quoted 
poem,  Paddle  Your  Own  Canoe.  She  was 
the  author  of  The  Songs  of  a  Life  Time; 
and  Life  and  Poems.  She  died  in  1893. 

BOLTWOOD,  HENRY  L.,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1831,  in  Amherst, 
Mass.  In  1853  he.  graduated  from  the  Am 
herst  college;  and  taught  in  the  acad 
emies  of  Pembroke  and  Drury,  N.  H. 
During  the  war  he  was  in  the  sanitary 
commission;  was  ordained  an  army  chap 
lain,  but  never  served.  In  1865  he  moved 
to  Illinois,  and  two  years  later  organized 
the  first  township  high  school  in  Illinois 
at  Princeton.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
school  books,  and  is  still  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work  at  Evanston,  111. 

BOMBAUGH,  CHARLES  CARROLL, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  10,  18^o, 
in  Harrisburg,  Pa.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  he  entered  the  army  and  served 
as  a  medical  officer  in  Gen.  Stone's  di 
vision  on  the  Potomac,  and  afterward  in 
Gen.  Sedgwick's  division.  In  1865  he  es 
tablished  and  has  since  successfully  con 
ducted  the  Baltimore  Underwriter. 

BOMBERGER,  JOHN  HENRY  AUGUS 
TUS,  theologian,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  13,  1817,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 
He  was  a  German  Reformed  theologian, 
president  of  Ursinus  college,  1870-90;  and 
the  author  of  Infant  Salvation  and  Bap 
tism;  Revised  Liturgy;  and  Reformed  not 
Ritualistic.  He  died  iu  1890. 

BOMFORD,  GEORGE,  military  officer, 
was  born  in  1780  in  New  York.  The  can 
nons  invented  by  him  were  further  de 
veloped  by  Dahlgr6n,  but  were  supersed 
ed  by  the  Rodman  type  about  the  begin 
ning  of  the  civil  war.  In  July,  1841,  he 
conducted  experiments  to  ascertain  the 
expansive  force  of  powder  in  a  gun  by 
firing  bullets  through  tubes  inserted  in 
the  sides.  He  died  March  25,  184S,  in 
Boston,  Mass, 

BONAPARTE,  JOSEPH  CHARLES, 
lawyer,  was  born  June  9,  1851,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  graduated  from  Harvard 


in  1871,  and  at  the  Harvard  Law  school 
in  1874,  was  admitted  to  practice,  and  has 
attained  a  respectable  rank  at  the  Balti 
more  bar. 

BOND,  ELIZABETH  POWELL,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1841,  in 
Clinton,  N.  Y.  During  1865-70  she  was 
director  of  physical  culture  in  Vassar  col 
lege;  since  1880  has  been  a  member  of 
the  faculty  of  Swarthmore  college,  Penn 
sylvania;  and  dean  of  that  institution 
since  1890.  She  is  the  author  of  Words 
by  the  Way,  and  other  works. 

BOND,  FRANK  STUART,  was  born 
Feb.  1,  1830,  in  Sturbridge,  Mass.  In  1886 
he  was  elected  vice-president  of  the  Chi 
cago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway 
company,  and  has  since  then  represented 
that  company  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

BOND,  GEORGE  PHILLIPS,  educator, 
astronomer,  author,  was  born  in  1825  in 
Massachusetts.  He  was  an  astronomer  of 
note,  and  a  professor  in  Harvard  univer 
sity.  He  was  the  author  of  On  the  Con 
struction  of  the  Rings  of  Saturn;  The 
Method  of  Least  Squares;  and  Mathe 
matical  Memoirs  upon  Mechanical  Quad- 
rations.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1865,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

BOND,  HENRY,  physician,  genealo 
gist,  author,  was  born  March  21,  1790, 
in  Watertown,  Mass.  He  was  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  in  1813,  studied  medicine, 
and  practiced  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  and  from 
November,  1819,  till  his  death,  in  Phila 
delphia.  For  several  years  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Philadelphia  board  of  health. 
Besides  numerous  contributions  to  medi 
cal  and  other  journals,  he  published  a 
remarkably  thorough  genealogical  work 
entitled  Genealogies  of  the  Families  and 
Descendants  of  the  Early  Settlers  of 
Watertown,  Mass.,  including  Waltham 
and  Weston.  He  died  May  4,  1859,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BOND,  HENRY  HERRICK,  lawyer, 
journalist,  was  born  June  2,  1847,  in  Can 
terbury,  Conn.  He  was  treasurer  of  the 
Florence  Savings  bank;  and  with  his 
brother-in-law  he  established  the  North 
ampton  Journal.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1881,  in 
Millboro,  Va. 

BOND,  HUGH  LENNOX,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Dec.  16,  1828,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
In  1860  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
criminal  court  of  Baltimore,  and  in  1861 
was  elected  to  the  same  position,  and 
served  until  1868.  In  1870  he  was  appoint 
ed  United  States  circuit  judge  for  the 
fourth  judicial  circuit,  and  soon  after  as 
suming  the  duties  of  his  office  he  was 
called  upon  to  preside  in  the  famous  Ku 
Klux  trials. 

BOND,  JOHN  R.  S.,  journalist,  was 
born  in  1822  in  Ohio.  In  his  youth  he 
traveled  on  horseback  through  the  wilder 
ness  to  Kankakee  river,  and  then  in  a  skiff 
down  that  river  and  the  Mississippi  to  St. 
Louis.  He  owned  at  different  times  as 
many  as  eight  western  newspapers,  was 
the  founder  of  the  Louisville  Courier- 
Journal,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was 
editor  of  the  Scioto  Gazette.  He  died  De 
cember,  1872,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

BOND,  LESTER  L.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Oct.  27,  1829,  in  Ravenna,  Ohio. 
During  1862-66  he  was  a  member  of  the 
city  council  of  Chicago;  was  presidential 
elector  in  1868;  and  for  two  terms  during 
1866-70  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state 
legislature.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  West  Chicago  park  system;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Chicago  board  of  education; 
and  in  1872  was  acting  mayor  of  Chicago. 
He  was  past  commander  of  the  Chicago 
commandery,  Knights  Templars;  and  in 
1897  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
Union  League  club. 


128 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BOND,  SHADRACK,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  Mary 
land.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  legis 
lative  council  of  Ohio  in  1799;  was  elect 
ed  a  delegate  to  congress  from  the  terri 
tory  of  Illinois  from  1811  to  1815;  and 
was  the  first  governor  under  the  state  con 
stitution.  In  1814  he  was  appointed  re 
ceiver  of  public  moneys  in  Kaskaskia,  111. 
He  died  April  13,  1832,  in  Kaskaskia,  111. 

BOND,  THOMAS,  physician,  lecturer, 
was  born  in  1712  in  Maryland.  He  was  a 
distinguished  practitioner  of  Philadelphia, 
delivered  the  first  clinical  lectures  in  the 
Pennsylvania  hospital,  and  was  associated 
with  Dr.  Franklin  and  Dr.  John  Bartram, 
the  botanist,  in  a  literary  society  of  that 
city.  He  died  in  1784  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BOND,  THOMAS  EMERSON,  clergy 
man,  physician,  author,  was  born  in  1782 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1827  he  published 
an  Appeal  to  Methodists,  directed  against 
the  proposed  changes,  in  1828  a  Narrative 
and  Defence  of  the  Church  Authorities, 
and  in  1831  and  1832  he  defended  the  pol 
ity  of  episcopal  methoclism  in  a  journal 
printed  in  Baltimore  called  the  Itinerant, 
of  which  he  was  editor.  He  subsequently 
edited  for  twelve  years  the  Christian  Ad 
vocate  and  Journal,  the  leading  methodist 
organ  of  which  he  assumed  charge  in 
1840.  He  died  March  14,  1856,  in  New 
York. 

BOND,  THOMAS  EMERSON,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  was  born  in  1813  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  became  a  local  methodist 
preacher,  and  also  studied  medicine  and 
took  his  degree  in  Baltimore.  His  father 
was  editor  of  the  Baltimore  Christian  Ad 
vocate  and  Journal,  and  young  Bond  be 
came  his  efficient  assistant,  distinguished 
for  humor  and  sarcastic  power.  After  the 
close  of  the  war  he  was  one  of  the  origi 
nators  of  the  Episcopal  Methodist,  the 
organ  of  the  southern  church,  but  subse 
quently  severed  his  connection  with  that 
paper  and  established  another  journal 
in  the  same  interest.  After  publishing 
that  for  a  short  time  he  consolidated  it 
with  the  Southern  Christian  Advocate, 
published  simultaneously  in  Baltimore 
and  St.  Louis,  of  which  he  was  associate 
editor.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1872,  in  Har- 
ford  county,  Md. 

BOND,  WILLIAM  CRANCH,  astron 
omer,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1789,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  He  distinguished  himself  by  his 
observations  on  Saturn  and  celestial 
photography.  He,  with  his  son,  discov 
ered  a  satellite  of  Neptune  and  the  eighth 
satellite  of  Saturn.  He  died  Jan.  29,  1859, 
in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

BOND,  WILLIAM  KEY,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  St.  Marys  coun 
ty,  Md.  He  emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1812; 
studied  law  and  settled  in  the  practice  of 
the  profession  at  Chillicothe,  and  subse 
quently  at  Cincinnati.  He  was  at  one 
time  a  colonel  of  militia;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1835 
to  1841.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1864,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

BONEBRAKE,  GEORGE  HENRY,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  merchant,  banker.  He  won 
brevet  as  lieutenant-colonel,  and  later  re 
ceived  from  the  war  department  the 
medal  of  honor.  In  1883  he  established 
the  Los  Angeles  National  bank,  of  which 
he  has  since  been  president  to  date.  He 
has  also  established  first  national  banks 
In  Pasadena,  Pomona,  Riverside,  Santa 
Ana,  and  Santa  Monica,  a  state  bank  in 
Santa  Paula,  and  the  Savings  bank  of 
Southern  California  and  the  State  Loan 
and  Trust  Co.  in  Los  Angeles. 

BONER,  JOHN  HENRY,  poet,  was  born 
in  1845  in  North  Carolina.  He  Is  a  poet 
and  litterateur  of  New  York  city;  and  the 


resides.     She    is 


author  of  Whispering  Pines,  a  volume  of 
poems. 

BONES,  MARIETTA  M.,  philanthropist, 
social  reformer,  was  born  May  4,  1842,  in 
Clarion  county,  Pa.  Mrs.  Bones  was  elect 
ed  vice-president  of 
the  National  Wom 
an's  Suffrage  asso 
ciation,  and  annual 
ly  re-elected  for  nine 
years,  when  Susan  B. 
Anthony  with  thirty 
of  her  friends  voted 
the  organization  into 
another.  In  1882  she 
made  her  first  ap 
pearance  as  a  public 
speaker  in  Webster. 
S.  D.,  where  she  now 
an  active  temperance 
worker,  and  was  secretary  of  the  first 
Non-Partisan  National  Woman's  Chris 
tian  Temperance  union  in  1889;  and  she 
has  taken  great  interest  in  all  reform  and 
charitable  institutions.  She  is  the  wife  of 
Hon.  Thomas  A.  Bones,  the  president  of 
the  board  of  commissioners  that  built  the 
Soldiers'  Home  at  Hot  Springs,  S.  D. 

BONHAM,  MILLEDGE  L.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  governor,  was  born  in 
South  Carolina.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress  from 
his  native  state,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  He  was  a  major- 
general  of  militia,  and  served  in  Mexico 
at  the  head  of  a  battalion  of  South  Caro 
lina  troops;  and  served  as  a  major-gen 
eral  in  the  confederate  army  in  1861.  He 
was  governor  of  South  Carolina  from 
1862  to  1864;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
New  York  convention  of  1868.  He  died 
Aug.  28,  1890,  in  White  Sulphur  Springs, 
Va. 

BONNELL,  JOHN  MITCHELL,  college 
president,  was  born  April  16,  1820,  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  minister  in 
Frankfort,  Ky. ;  president  of  several  fe 
male  colleges;  and  in  1859  accepted  an 
election  to  the  presidency  of  Wesleyan 
Female  college,  where  he  remained  for 
the  last  eleven  years  of  his  life.  He  died 
at  the  college  in  September,  1871. 

BONNER,  EDWARD  L.,  merchant, 
banker,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1834,  in  Orwell, 
N.  Y.  He  is  the  principal  owner  of  the 
present  Missoula  Mercantile  Co.,  the  larg 
est  and  most  influential  house  of  whole 
sale  and  retail  grocers  in  the  northwest. 
BONNER,  ROBERT,  publisher,  was 
born  April  28,  1824,  in  Ireland.  In  1839 
he  was  employed  in  the  office  of  the 
Hartford  Courant, 
where  he  gained  the 
reputation  of  being 
the  most  rapid  com 
positor  in  Connecti 
cut.  In  1844  he  re 
moved  to  New  York, 
and  in  1851  pur 
chased  the  Ledger,  at 
that  time  an  insig 
nificant  sheet.  By 
printing  the  most 
popular  class  of  in 
teresting  stories,  he 
gave  the  paper  a  wide  circulation,  which 
was  further  extended  by  the  contribu 
tions  of  Fanny  Fern,  Edward  Everett, 
Henry  Ward  Beecher,  and  other  eminent 
authors  and  clergymen.  He  has  made 
large  gifts  of  money  to  Princeton  college, 
and  to  various  charities. 

BONNEVILLE,  BENJAMIN  L.  E.,  ex 
plorer,  soldier,  was  born  about  1795  In 
France.  He  was  made  brevet  brigadier- 
general  in  1865.  He  was  the  author  of 
a  Journal  of  an  Expedition  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  edited  by  Washington  Irving. 
He  died  June  12,  1878,  in  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 


BONNEY,  CHARLES  CARROLL,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1831,  in 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Chicago, 
and  the  author  of  Rules  of  Law  for  Car 
riage  and  Delivery  of  Persons  and  Proper 
ty  by  Railway;  summary  of  the  Law  of 
Marine,  Fire  and  Life  Insurance;  and  Our 
Remedy  in  the  Laws. 

BONNYCASTLE,  CHARLES,  educator, 
mathematician,  author,  was  born  in  1792 
in  England.  He  was  first  professor  of  nat 
ural  philosophy  in  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  in  1827  was,  at  his  own  re 
quest,  transferred  to  the  chair  of  mathe 
matics.  He  was  the  author  of  a  treatise 
on  Inductive  Geometry,  and  several  me 
moirs  on  scientific  subjects.  He  died  Octo 
ber,  1840,  in  Virginia. 

BONSALL,  HENRY  LUMMIS,  journal 
ist,  was  born  March  24,  1834,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  established  the  New  Re 
public  in  Camden,  N.  J.,  which  he  pub 
lished  for  ten  years;  then  left  it  to  issue 
the  Post  as  a  daily  in  1875. 

BONWILL,  WILLIAM  G.  A.,  surgeon, 
inventor,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1883,  in  Cam- 
den,  Del.  In  1871  he  moved  to  Philadel 
phia,  where  he  soon  took  rank  with  the 
most  skillful  and  accomplished  of  his 
profession.  He  gave  to  the  world  two 
inventions  of  the  very  highest  utility,  the 
surgical  engine  and  the  artificial  tooth 
crown. 

BOODY,  AZARIAH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  that  state  to  the  thirty- 
third  congress. 

BOODY,  DAVID  AUGUSTUS,  banker, 
was  born  Aug.  13,  1837,  in  Jackson,  Maine. 
Several  large  corporations  have  secured 
his  interest,  and  he  has  been  elected  pres 
ident  of  the  Louisiana  and  Northwestern 
railway;  and  vice-president  of  the 
Sprague  National  bank. 

BOODY,  HENRY  HILL,  business  man, 
legislator,  was  born  in  November,  1816,  in 
Jackson.  In  1842  he  graduated  from  the 
Bowdoin  college; 
and  in  1845  was  elect 
ed  to  the  chair  of 
rhetoric  and  oratory, 
which  position  he 
held  for  nine  years. 
He  was  then  elected 
to  the  senate  of  the 
Maine  state  legisla 
ture,  and  subsequent 
ly  represented  his 
town  in  the  house  of 
representatives.Since 
1855  he  has  been  con 
cerned  in  railroad  enterprises,  and  has 
held  positions  of  great  responsibility  re 
quiring  administrative  skill. 

BOOGHER,  JOHN  HOGAN,  lawyer,  lec 
turer,  was  born  July  16,  1867,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
city;  and  graduated  from  the  University 
of  Virginia  and  the  Washington  Univer 
sity  Law  school.  He  is  a  fluent  linguist 
and  public  speaker,  and  a  noted  law 
writer  and  lecturer;  but  is  best  known  as 
an  orator  and  skillful  trial  lawyer  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

BOOK.  JOHN  W.,  catholic  priest,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1850,  in  Clark 
county,  Ind.  In  1873  he  was  ordained 
a  catholic  priest;  and  in  1886  was  made 
dean  of  the  Cannelton  district,  Indiana. 
He  is  the  author  of  Short  Line  to  the  Ro 
man  Catholic  Church;  Side  Switches  of 
the  Short  Line;  Thousand  and  One  Ob 
jections  to  Secret  Societies;  Mollie's  Mis 
take,  or  Mixed  Marriages;  The  Book  of 
Books;  and  other  works. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


129 


BOOKER,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  5  1821  in 
Patrick  county,  Va.  He  was  justice  of 'the 
peace,  and  then  presiding  justice  of  Henry 
county  court,  for  ten  years.  He  supported 
the  government  during  the  rebellion;  and 
was  elected  to  the  house  of  delegates  of 
Virginia  in  1865.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-first  congress,  in  1869,  as  a  conserva 
tive;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
second  congress.  He  died  June  4,  1883,  in 
Martinsville,  Va. 

BOOMER,  GEORGE  BOARDMAN, 
bridge  builder,  soldier,  was  born  July  26,' 
1832,  in  Button,  Mass.  He  settled  at  an 
early  age  at  St.  Louis,  as  a  bridge  builder, 
He  laid  out  and  partly  built  the  town  of 
Castle  Rock  on  the  Osage  river.  As  col 
onel  of  22d  Missouri  volunteers  he  was 
present  at  the  surrender  of  Island  No.  10, 
and,  at  the  battle  of  luka,  was  distin 
guished,  and  severely  wounded.  He  was 
killed  in  a  charge  on  the  fortifications  of 
Vicksburg.  He  died  May  22,  1863,  in 
Vicksburg,  Miss. 

BOON,  RATLIFP,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1781,  in  Franklin  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Indiana  from  1825  to  1827,  and  again  from 
1829  to  1839.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1844,  in 
Louisiana. 

BOONE,  ANDREW  R..  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
4,  1831,  in  Davidson,  county,  Tenn.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  a  county  judge  for 
four  years;  and  was  re-elected,  but  re 
signed.  In  1861  he  was  elected  to  the 
legislature,  but  resigned  and  returned 
home,  where  he  remained  until  the  close 
of  the  war;  in  1868  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  first  district  of  Kentucky, 
holding  the  position  for  six  years;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Te 
nessee  to  the  forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth 
congresses. 

BOONE,  DANIEL,  pioneer,  hunter, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1735,  in  Bucks  county, 
Pa.  His  name  is  always  associated  with 
the  settlement  of 
Kentucky,  whose 
wilds  he  was  the 
first  white  man  to 
penetrate.  He  was 
the  son  of  Squire 
Boone,  who  came  to 
America  from  Eng 
land  in  1717.  His 
ruling  passions  were 
love  of  adventure 
and  fondness  for  the 
hunt.  In  1812  he  re 
ceived  from  the 
Kentucky  legislature  a  grant  of  nearly 
one  thousand  acres.  He  died  Sept  26 
1820,  in  Missouri. 

BOONE,  ENOCH,  was  born  in  1777,  in 
Boonesborough,  Ky.  He  was  the  first 
white  male  child  born  in  Kentucky.  Dan 
iel  Boone's  wife,  with  her  daughters,  went 
to  live  with  her  husband  in  his  palisaded 
fort  in  1776;  but  after  Boone's  capture 
his  family  returned  to  North  Carolina. 
He  died  March  8,  1862. 

BOONE,  RICHARD  GANSE,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
9,  1849,  in  Spiceland,  Ind.  He  graduated 
from  the  Spiceland  academy,  and  has  at 
tained  success  in  educational  work.  He 
has  been  superintendent  of  schools  of 
Frankfort,  Ind.;  professor  of  pedagogy  in 
the  Indiana  university;  and  is  now  presi 
dent  of  the  state  normal  college  of  Ypsi- 
lanti,  Mich.  He  is  the  author  of  Educa 
tion  in  the  United  States;  History  of 
Education  in  Indiana;  and  other  works. 

BOONE,  WILLIAM  F.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Maryland.  He  resided  in  Pennsylvania; 


and  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  for  the  territory 
of  New  Mexico. 

BOONE,  WILLIAM  JONES,  protestant 
episcopal  bishop,  was  born  in  1847,  in 
Shanghai.  He  studied  theology  at  the 
divinity  school  in  Philadelphia.  Having 
been  appointed  missionary  bishop,  he  was 
consecrated  in  Shanghai,  Oct.  28,  1884 
by  Bishop  Williams,  of  Yedo,  and  Bishops 
Moule  and  Scott,  English  missionary 
bishops  in  China. 

BOORMAN,  JAMES,  merchant,  was 
born  in  1783,  in  England.  He  was  one  of 
the  pioneers  in  the  construction  of  the 
Hudson  river  railroad,  and  was  for  many 
years  its  president.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Bank  of  Commerce. 
The  Institution  for  the  Blind,  the  Protest 
ant  Half-Orphan  asylum,  the  Southern  Aid 
society,  and  the  Union  Theological  semi 
nary  were  among  the  recipients  of  his 
bounty.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1866,  in  New 
York  city. 

BOOTH,  AGNES,  actress,  was  born  in 
South  Wales.  She  has  attained  a  national 
prominence  as  a  noted  actress;  and  has 
played  in  all  the  most  popular  cities  in  the 
United  States. 

BOOTH,  ALFRED,  business  man,  was 
born  Feb.  14,  1828,  in  Glastonbury,  Eng 
land.  He  became  a  large  dealer  in  oysters, 
and,  as  time  wore  on,  opened  stores  and 
packing  houses  in  different  parts  of  Chi 
cago.  In  1880  Alfred  E.  and  William  V. 
Booth,  sons,  came  into  partnership  with 
their  father  under  the  title  of  A.  Booth 
and  Sons,  and  the  concern  is  now  incor 
porated  as  The  A.  Booth  Packing  Co., 
capital,  $1,000,000. 

BOOTH,  BALLINGTON,  soldier,  Salva 
tion  army  commander,  was  born  in  1857, 
in  England.  He  Is  the  second  son  of 
General  Booth,  general  of  the  Salvation 
army  in  England.  Ballington  took  com 
mand  of  the  training  school  for  the  army 
at  Hackney,  London,  in  1880;  established 
the  work  in  Australia  in  1884;  and  in 
America  in  1886.  Being  commanded  by 
the  general  to  leave  America  and  go  to 
another  field  of  labor,  Ballington  resigned 
his  command  and  organized  the  Volunteer 
army. 

BOOTH,  BENJAMIN,  merchant,  author. 
He  made  known  his  system  of  keeping 
accounts  in  a  volume  entitled  A  Complete 
System  of  Book-keeping  by  an  Improved 
Method  of  Double  Entry,  containing  also 
a  New  Method  of  stating  Factorage  Ac 
counts,  adapted  particularly  to  the  Trade 
of  the  British  Colonies.  It  was  written 
humorously,  with  fanciful  entries,  under 
the  names  of  noted  persons  to  illustrate 
the  new  method. 

BOOTH,  EDWIN,  actor,  was  born  Nov. 
13,  1833,  in  Bel  Air,  Md.  He  made  his 
first  regular  appearance  upon  the  stage 
at  the  Boston  mu 
seum  in  1849.  Edwin 
Booth  continued  to 
act  with  his  father 
for  more  than  two 
years  after  the  ad 
vent  of  the  Boston 
museum.  His  father 
DelnS  HI,  he  sud- 
denly  and  promptly 
took  the  place  of  the 
elder  tragedian,  and 
for  the  fii'st  time  in 
h  i  s  life  enacted 
Richard  III.  This  effort,  remarkably  suc 
cessful  for  a  comparative  novice,  was 
hailed  as  the  indication  of  great  talent 
and  as  the  augury  of  a  brilliant  future. 
He  died  June  7,  1893,  in  New  York. 


BOOTH,  EDWIN  S.,  lawyer,  legislator 
was  born  March  24,  1865,  in  Keokuk 
Iowa.  He  graduated  from  the  Keokuk 
high  school,  and  from  the  Keokuk  college 
of  law.  He  has  attained  prominence  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Butte,  Mont  has 
been  an  attorney  of  Silver  Bow  county 
and  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  fourth 
legislative  assembly  of  Montana 

BOOTH,  EMMA  SCARR,  author,  was 
born  April  25,  1835,  in  England.  She  is 
the  author  of  three  volumes,  entitled 
Karan  Kringle's  Journal;  A  Willful 
Heiress;  and  Poems.  She  has  also  com 
posed  numerous  songs  and  instrumental 
pieces. 

BOOTH,  HENRY  MATTHIAS,  clergy 
man  author,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1843,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  an  eminent  presbyterian 
clergyman  and  the  president  of  the  Au 
burn  Theological  seminary  of  New  York 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Heavenly  Vision 
and  other  Sermons;  Sunrise,  Noonday 
and  Sunset  of  the  Day  of  Grace;  and 
First  Communion. 

BOOTH,  JOHN  WILKES,  actor,  was 
born  In  1838,  in  Bel  Air,  Md.  He  first 
appeared  on  the  stage  in  St.  Charles  Bal 
timore,  and  proved  himself  to  be  an 
actor  of  earnestness  and  promise.  His 
last  appearance  was  at  Ford's  theater  in 
Washington,  which  was  attended  '  by 
President  Lincoln,  who  was  assassinated 
by  Booth  the  same  night.  He  died  April 
26,  1865. 

BOOTH,  JUNIUS  BRUTUS,  actor  was 
born  May  1,  1796,  in  London,  England. 
He  gained  a  triumph  as  a  substitute  for 
Edmund  Kean  in  the  character  of  Sir 
Giles  Overreach,  captivating  an  audience 
that  was  at  first  indignant  at  the  young 
actor's  presumption.  He  continued  to  play 
at  Worthing,  and  found  influential  ad 
mirers,  who  prevailed  upon  the  manager, 
Harris,  to  give  him  a  trial  as  Richard  III., 
at  Covent  garden,  where  he  appeared  in 
that  character  in  1817,  and  delighted  the 
metropolitan  audience.  He  died  Nov  3 
1852. 

BOOTH,  MARY  A.,  microscopist  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1843,  in  Long- 
meadow,  Mass.  She  is  the  editor  of 
Practical  Microscopy  of  Springfield, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  several  works 
on  that  subject. 

BOOTH,  MARY  LOUISE,  journalist  au 
thor,  was  born  April  19,  1831,  in  Yaphank, 
N.  Y.  '  She  was  the  editor  of  Harper's 
Bazar  from  its  establishment  in  1867  to 
1889.  She  made  over  thirty  valuable 
translations  from  the  French.  A  History 
of  the  City  of  New  York  was  her  only 
piece  of  original  writing.  She  died  March 
5,  1889,  in  New  York  city. 

BOOTH,  NEWTON,  merchant,  lawyer, 
governor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1825,  in  Salem,  Ind.  He  graduated 
at  the  Asbury  university  in  1846;  studied 
law  in  Terre  Haute,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1850.  He  was  elected  to  the  California 
state  senate  in  1863;  and  was  elected 
governor  of  the  state  in  1871;  elected  a 
senator  in  congress  from  California,  and 
served  during  1875-81. 

BOOTH,  WALTER,  soldier,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  8,  1791,  in  Woodbridge,  Conn.  For 
eighteen  years  he  was  president  of  the 
Meriden  bank;  was  a  member  of  the 
Connecticut  general  assembly  and  state 
senate;  and  in  1834  was  associate  judge 
of  the  county  court.  He  was  major-gen 
eral  of  militia;  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  thirty-first  congress. 

BOOTHMAN,  M.  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1846,  in 
Williams  county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses. 


130 


HERKINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    UF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BOOZE,  WILLIAM  S.,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1862,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.  He  was  educated  at  the  pub 
lic  schools  and  at  the  Baltimore  City  col 
lege;  graduated  from  the  latter  in  1879; 
and  studied  medicine  and  graduated  from 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in 
1882.  He  was  nominated  for  congress  by 
the  republicans  of  the  third  congressional 
district  in  1894  against  Harry  Welles 
Rusk,  whose  election  to  the  house  of 
representatives  he  contested  unsuccess 
fully;  and  was  renominated  and  elected 
in  1896  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
republican.  He  is  also  president  of  The 
League  of  Republican  clubs  of  Maryland. 

BORDEN,  JOSEPH,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
colonial  congress  held  in  New  York  in 
1765. 

BORDEN,  MATTHEW  CHALONER 
DUFREE,  merchant,  manufacturer,  was 
born  July  18,  1842,  in  Fall  River,  Mass. 
Their  mills  contain 
about  200,000  spin 
dles  and  more  than 
5,000  looms,  produc 
ing  35,000  pieces  of 
print  cloth  weekly.or 
about  one-half  the 
whole  amount  re 
quired  by  The  Amer 
ican  Printing  Co. 
The  two  companies 
I  are  of  enormous 
|  value  to  Fall  River. 
He  takes  a  promi 
nent  part  in  public  affairs,  and  is  identi 
fied  with  various  philanthropic  move 
ments. 

BORDEN,  NATHANIEL  B.,  legislator, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  15,  1801,  in  Fall  River,  Mass.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  in 
1831,  1834,  and  1851;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  the  Fall  River 
district,  in  that  state,  from  1835  to  1839, 
and  again  from  1841  to  1843.  He  was  a 
state  senator  from  1845  to  1848.  He  died 
April  10,  1865,  in  Fall  River,  Mass. 

BORDEN,  SIMEON,  inventor,  was  born 
Jan.  29,  1798,  in  Freetown,  Mass.  He  de 
vised  and  constructed,  in  1830,  an  appar 
atus  for  measuring  the  base  line  of  the 
trigonometrical  survey  of  Massachusetts, 
which  was  found  to  be  more  accurate  and 
convenient  than  any  instrument  of  the 
kind  then  in  existence.  He  was  employed 
as  surveyor  in  the  case  of  Rhode  Island 
vs.  Massachusetts,  tried  before  the  United 
States  supreme  court  in  1844.  After  the 
case  was  decided  he  surveyed  and  marked 
the  boundary  line  between  the  two  states. 
He  died  Oct.  28,  1856,  in  Fall  River,  Mass. 

BORDLEY,  JOHN  BEALE,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1727,  in  Annapolis, 
Md.  He  was  judge  of  the  provincial  court 
in  1766  and  of  the  admiralty  court  in 
1767-76,  and  a  commissioner  to  fix  the 
boundary-line  between  Maryland  and 
Delaware  in  1768.  He  was  one  of  the  few 
members  of  the  provincial  councils  who 
sympathized  with  the  movement  for  In 
dependence.  Removing  to  Philadelphia 
in  1793,  he  established  there  the  first  agri 
cultural  society  in  the  United  States.  By 
bis  experiments  upon  his  estate  ia  Wye 
island,  Chesapeake  bay,  and  by  his  writ- 
Ings,  he  was  instrumental  In  diffusing  a 
knowledge  of  the  art  of  husbandry.  He 
published  Forsyth  on  Fruit-Trees,  with 
Notes;  On  Rotation  of  Crops;  Essays 
and  Notes  on  Husbandry  and  Rural  Af 
fairs,  with  Plates;  and  A  View  of  the 
Courses  of  Crops  in  England  and  Mary 
land.  He  died  Jan.  26,  1804,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 


BOREMAN,  ARTHUR  INGHRAM,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  July  24,  1823,  in  Waynes- 
burg,  Pa.  In  1855  he  was  elected  to  the 
house  of  delegates  of  Virginia,  and  was 
re-elected  until  1860.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  extra  session  of  the  legislature 
in  1861,  taking  an  active  part  against  the 
secession  movement.  He  was  president  of 
the  Wheeling  convention  of  1861,  to  re 
organize  the  government  of  Virginia.  He 
was  elected  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court, 
and  held  the  office  until  1863,  when  he  was 
elected  governor  of  West  Virginia.  He 
was  twice  re-elected,  and  was  still  in  that 
office  when  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
from  West  Virginia,  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1869,  and  ending  in  1875.  In 
1888  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  fifth  cir 
cuit  of  West  Virginia;  and  died  April  19, 
1896,  while  serving  in  that  office. 

BOREMAN,  JACOB  E.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1831,  in  Mid- 
dletown,  W.  Va.  He  was  elected  city  at 
torney  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  in  1861;  as 
sisted  in  raising  troops  for  the  war;  and 
in  1862  was  appointed  a  judge  of  common 
pleas,  and  elected  to  the  same  by  the  peo 
ple.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Kansas  state  legislature  in  1869.  He  sub 
sequently  purchased  an  interest  in  tha 
Kansas  City  Bulletin  and  became  its  edi 
tor.  In  1873  he  was  appointed  an  associate 
justice  of  the  United  States  court  for  the 
territory  of  Utah. 

BOREN,  SAMUEL  HAMPSON,  pioneer, 
soldier,  planter,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1811, 
in  Tennessee.  In  1838  he  removed  to  the 
republic  of  Texas;  volunteered  in  1846, 
and  served  in  the  Mexican  war  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  lieutenant  of  cavalry  under 
Gen.  Zachary  Taylor,  and  was  in  tbe 
battles  of  Monterey  and  Buena  Vista.  As 
a  planter  and  cotton  merchant  he  amassed 
a  fortune.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1881,  and 
lies  buried  in  Tyler,  Texas,  where  his  de 
scendants  live. 

BORIE,  ADOLPH  E.,  merchant,  public 
official,  was  born  in  1809,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  Though  not  an  active  politician,  he 
was  one  of  the  originators,  and  moneyed 
supporters,  of  the  Union  league  in  Phila 
delphia,  and  was  elected  vice-president  of 
that  body.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  to 
a  seat  in  the  cabinet  as  secretary  of  the 
navy.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1880,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

.  BORLAND,  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Orange  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly 
in  1820;  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1821  to  1823;  and  was 
again  elected  to  the  assembly  in  1836. 

BORLAND,  SOLON,  soldier,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He 
served  in  the  war  with  Mexico  as  a  volun 
teer;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1844; 
and  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Ar 
kansas  from  1848  to  1853.  He  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Pierce,  minister  to 
Central  America.  He  took  part  in  the  re 
bellion  of  1861  as  a  brigadier-general,  and 
before  the  state  had  seceded  raised  troops 
and  captured  Fort  Smith.  He  died  Jan. 
31,  1864,  in  Texas. 

BORST,  ALBERT,  composer,  was  born 
July  22,  1841,  in  Liverpool,  England.  He 
graduated  in  Zurich,  Switzerland.  He 
has  composed  pianoforte  and  church  mu 
sic,  and  an  operetta  He  is  prominent  in 
the  musical  affairs  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BORST,  PETER  I.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Schoharie  county,  N.  Y.,  from  1829  to  1831. 
He  died  Nov.  14,  1848,  in  Middleburg, 
N.  Y. 

BORUM,  WILLIAM  DRAKE  LECH- 
LER,  lawyer,  philanthropist,  was  born 


Aug.  4,  1862.  in  Strasburg,  Va.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  Randolph  Macon  college, 
and  has  attained  prominence  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  Baltimore,  Md.  During  1884-88 
he  was  journal  clerk  of  the  Virginia 
house  of  delegates.  He  is  the  assistant 
counsel  to  the  Denver,  Texas  and  Fort 
Worth  Railroad  company,  and  to  the  Fort 
Worth  and  Denver  Railroad  company. 
He  devotes  much  of  his  time  to  Christian 
education  and  the  reformation  of  children. 

BOSLER,  CHARLES  H.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1866,  in  Dayton, 
Ohio.  Since  1873  he  has  practiced  law 
in  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  to  the 
house  of  representatives  of  the  seventy- 
first  Ohio  general  assembly  as  a  republi 
can,  re-elected  to  the  seventy-second  gen 
eral  assembly,  and  served  as  speaker  pro 
tempore  of  the  house.  In  April,  1896,  he 
represented  Ohio  at  the  Tennessee  centen 
nial  exposition  of  1897. 

BOSLER,  JAMES  WILLIAMSON,  mer 
chant,  was  born  April  4,  1833,  in  Hogues- 
town,  Pa.  He  was  the  organizer  and 
president  of  The  Palo  Blanco  Cattle  Co. 
of  New  Mexico.  The  election  of  Presi 
dent  Garfield  was  due  to  him  as  much  as 
to  any  other  man  in  the  United  States, 
the  financial  part  of  that  campaign  being 
organized  by  him,  when  it  had  begun  to 
droop.  The  handsome  James  W.  Bosler 
memorial  building,  of  Dickinson  college, 
perpetuates  his  name.  He  died  Dec.  17, 
1883,  in  Carlisle,  Pa. 

BOSS,  JOHN  L.,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Rhode 
Island  from  1815  to  1819. 

BOSSIER,  PETER  E.,  state  senator, 
congressman.  After  serving  ten  years  in 
the  state  senate,  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  twenty-eighth  congress  from  that 
state.  He  died  April  24,  1844,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

BOSTWICK,  DAVID,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1721,  in 
New  Milford,  Conn.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  from  1745  to 
1756,  and  of  the  presbyterian  church  in 
New  York  from  1756  till  his  death.  He 
published  a  sermon,  Self  Disclaimed,  and 
Christ  Exalted;  a  Life  of  President  Da- 
vies,  prefixed  to  his  sermon  on  the  Death 
of  George  II.;  and  a  Vindication  of  In 
fant  Baptism.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1763,  in 
New  York  city. 

BOSTWICK,  MRS.  HELEN  LOUISE, 
poet,  was  born  in  1826,  in  Charleston,  N. 
H.  She  is  the  author  of  Buds,  Blossoms 
and  Berries. 

BOSWICK,  WILLIAM  L.,  politician,  re 
gent,  was  born  March  15,  1837,  in  Enfleld, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  regent  of  the  uni 
versity  of  New  York  in  1876,  and  served 
the  state  as  canal  appraiser  from  1879  to 
1S82.  He  was  appointed  cashier  of  the 
United  States  custom  House  in  1889,  which 
position  he  still  holds. 

BOTELER,  ALEXANDER  R.,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  16, 1815,  in  Shepherds- 
town,  Va.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Virginia  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  During  a  part  of  the  re 
bellion  he  served  as  a  representative  in 
the  so-called  confederate  congress;  and  in 
1875  was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  the 
centennial  exhibition. 

BOTKIN,  ALEXANDER  CAMPBELL, 
lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1842, 
in  Madison.  Wis.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
the  university  of  Wisconsin,  and  from  the 
law  department  of  the  university  of  Al 
bany.  From  1878  to  1885  he  was  United 
States  marshal  of  Montana;  from  1893 
to  1897  was  lieutenant-governor  of  Mon 
tana;  and  in  1896  was  republican  candi 
date  for  governor  of  that  state. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


131 


BOTKIN,  JEREMIAH  D.,  clergyman, 
congressman,  was  born  April  24,  1849,  in 
Logan  county,  111.  He  has  filled  leading 
pulpits  in  his  conference;  served  six  years 
as  presiding  elder;  was  delegate  to  the 
general  conference  held  in  New  York  city 
in  1888,  and  to  the  ecumenical  conference 
in  Washington,  D.  C.,  1891;  was  early 
imbued  with  abolition  sentiments  and  was 
a  republican  until  recent  years.  He  made 
three  attempts  to  enter  the  army  during 
the  last  year  of  the  war,  but  being  under 
age  and  size  was  rejected.  He  was  pro 
hibition  candidate  for  governor  of  Kan 
sas  in  1888;  and  having  early  espoused  the 
populist  cause,  that  party  nominated  him 
for  congress  in  the  third  district  in  1894, 
but  he  was  defeated;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  populist  on 
the  fusion  ticket,  as  congressman  at  large. 

BOTSFORD,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  April,  1763,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1795;  was  a  judge  of  admiralty  in  New 
Brunswick  in  1802-7;  was  elected  to  the 
assembly  in  1812,  and  for  every  succeeding 
term  until  1823,  holding  the  office  of 
speaker  from  1817  to  1823;  and  in  the 
latter  year  became  judge  of  the  supreme 
court.  He  died  May  8,  1864,  in  Sackville, 
N.  B. 

BOTTA,  MRS.  ANNE  CHARLOTTE 
[LYNCH],  author,  was  born  in  1820,  in 
Bennington,  Vt.  She  was  a  well-known 
New  York  writer  whose  weekly  receptions 
were  for  many  years  the  nearest  approach 
in  New  York  city  to  a  salon.  She  was  the 
author  of  Handbook  of  Universal  Litera 
ture;  Leaves  from  the  Diary  of  a  Re 
cluse;  and  Poems.  She  died  March  23, 
1891,  in  New  York  city. 

BOTTA,  VINCENZO,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1818,  in  Italy.  He  was 
an  Italian  educator  who  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1853,  and  was  for  a 
long  period  a  professor  of  Italian  litera 
ture  in  the  university  of  New  York.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  System  of  Educa 
tion  in  Piedmont;  Life  of  Cavour;  His 
torical  Account  of  Modern  Philosophy  in 
Italy;  and  Dante  as  Philosopher,  Patriot, 
and  Poet.  He  died  in  1894. 

BOTTOM,  NORPHIE  ERNEST,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1869,  in  Anna, 
111.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Enterprise,  of  Ong,  Neb.;  and  his  poems 
have  been  given  a  place  in  several  stand 
ard  works. 

BOTTS,  JOHN  MINOR,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1802, 
in  Dumfries  Va.  He  served  in  the  legis 
lature  from  1833  to 
1839,  when  he  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from 
Virginia,  and  occu 
pied  that  position 
until  1843.  He  was 
also  elected  to  the 
thirtieth  congress. 
During  the  rebellion 
he  remained  faithful 
to  the  government 
of  the  United  States; 
and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  loyalists'  convention 
of  1866.  He  was  the  author  of  Letters  on 
the  Nebraska  Question;  and  The  Great 
Rebellion.  He  died  Jan.  7,  1869,  in  Cul- 
peper,  Va. 

BOTTSPORD,  SHELDON  E.,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1868,  in 
Edinburgh,  Mo.  For  many  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educational  work;  then  be 
came  a  lawyer;  and  subsequently  was 
ordained  a  clergyman. 


BOTTY,  HENRY  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Dec.  27,  1854,  in  New  York  city. 
He  has  been  engaged  in  the  general  prac 
tice  of  law  in  all  its  branches  in  his  native 
city.  In  1895  he  was  appointed  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  city  court  of  New  York. 

BOUCICAULT,  DION,  playwright,  act 
or,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1822,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  successful  actor;  and  among  his 
dramatic  writings  are  Rip  Van  Winkle; 
Led  Astray;  Colleen  Bawn;  and  many 
other  noted  plays.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1890, 
in  New  York  city. 

BOUCK,  GABRIEL,  soldier,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  16, 
1828,  in  Fulton,  N.  Y.  He  was  attorney- 
general  of  the  state  of  Wisconsin  in  1858- 
59;  and  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1860.  He  entered  the  union 
army  in  1861  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
colonel.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  demo 
cratic  national  conventions  of  1868  and 
1872;  was  again  a  member  of  the  assem 
bly  in  1874,  and  was  speaker.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Wisconsin 
to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  con 
gresses. 

BOUCK,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1831  to  1833. 

BOUCK,  WILLIAM  C.,  state  senator, 
governor,  was  born  in  1786,  in  Schoharie 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  assembly  in  1813,  1815  and  1817; 
state  senator  in  1820;  canal  commission 
er  from  1821  to  1840;  and  governor  of 
the  state  from  1843  to  1845.  In  1846  he 
was  a  member  of  the  constitntional  con 
vention;  and  from  1846  to  1849  was  as 
sistant  treasurer  of  the  United  States  in 
New  York  city.  He  died  April  19,  1859, 
in  Schoharie,  N.  Y. 

BOUDE,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1801  to  1803. 

BOUDINOT,  ELIAS,  philanthropist, 
author,  was  born  May  2,  1740,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  philanthropist  of 
Burlington,  N.  J., 
and  the  first 
president  of  the 
American  Bible  so 
ciety.  He  was  the 
director  of  the  mint 
of  Philadelphia  i  n 
1796-1805.  He  was 
the  author  of  The 
Second  Advent  of  the 
Messiah;  The  Age  of 
Revelation,  a  reply 
to  Paine;  and  The 
Star  in  the  West,  an 
attempt  to  identify  the  American  Indians 
with  the  Ten  Lost  Tribes  of  Israel.  He 
died  Oct.  24,  1821,  in  Burlington. 

BOUGHTON,  GEORGE  HENRY,  artist, 
was  born  in  1836,  in  England.  His  works 
are  popular  and  meet  with  a  ready  sale. 
They  are  marked  by  simplicity,  tender 
ness,  and  subdued,  but  not  weak,  color 
ing.  He  excels  in  delineating  Puritan  life 
in  New  England.  Among  his  pictures  on 
American  subjects  are  The  Scarlet  Letter; 
Return  of  the  Mayflower;  Puritans  Go 
ing  to  Church;  and  Rose  Standish.  The 
Testy  Governor  is  in  the  Corcoran  gallery 
at  Washington,  D.  C. 

BOUGHTON,  MARTHA  ARNOLD,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1857,  in  Corunna, 
Mich.  In  1880  she  graduated  from  the 
university  of  Michigan  with  the  degree  of 
Ph.  B.  She  taught  school  in  Detroit, 
Mich.,  until  1884,  when  she  married  Willis 


Boughton,  an  eminent  educator  and  au 
thor.  In  1895  she  was  one  of  the  Ohio 
delegates  to  the  international  convention 
of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
union,  held  in  London,  England.  She  is 
the  author  of  Memoir  of  John  Motte  Ar 
nold  (her  father) ;  and  a  volume  of 
poems,  entitled  Stars  Through  Cypress 
Trees. 

BOUGHTON,  WILLIS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  April  17,  1854,  in  Victor,  N.  Y. 
In  1873-74  he  was  a  student  of  the  univer- 
s  i  t  y  of  Illinois; 
taught  school  i  n 
western  Illinois  for 
three  years  before 
going  to  the  univer 
sity  of  Michigan, 
from  which  institu 
tion  he  graduated  in 
1881.  During  1881-82 
he  was  editor  of  the 
Ann  Arbor  Courier; 
in  1886-88  was  em 
ployed  as  writer  for 
Allen's  History  of 
Civilization;  and  in  1890-92  was  joint- 
editor  of  the  Journal  of  Pedagogy.  In 
he  was  instructor  in  the  technical 
school  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  during  1889-91 
filled  the  chair  of  history  and  English 
literature  in  the  Ohio  university;  in  1891- 
2  was  lecturer  on  English  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania;  and  since  1892  has 
ailed  the  chair  of  rhetoric  and  English 
literature  in  the  Ohio  university.  He  is 
the  author  of  Mythology  in  Art;  History 
of  Ancient  Peoples;  and  other  works.  ' 

BOUIC,  WILLIAM  VEIRS,  lawyer  was 
born  July  20,  1846,  near  Rockville,  Md. 
He  attended  the  Rockville  academy  until 
seventeen  years  of  age;  then  attended  the 
Columbian  university  of  Washington 
graduating  therefrom  in  1868  as  A.  B., 
afterward  receiving  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
from  the  same  university.  He  studied  law 
under  the  instruction  of  his  father  the 
late  Judge  William  Veirs  Bouic,  and  since 
his  admission  to  the  bar  in  1870  has  been 
engaged  continuously  in  that  profession, 
and  is  now  the  vice-president  of  the 
Maryland  Bar  association.  For  seventeen 
years  he  was  mayor  of  Rockville,  Md.; 
chairman  of  the  judicial  and  congression 
al  conventions  of  the  sixth  district  of 
Maryland;  and  presidential  elector  in 
1892. 

BOULDIN,  JAMES  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1S33  to  1839,  having  been  elected  to  the 
twenty-third  congress  in  place  of  his 
brother,  T.  T.  Bouldin,  deceased. 

BOULDIN,  POWHATAN,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  May  24,  1830,  in  Char 
lotte  county,  Va.  For  thirty  years  he  was 
editor  and  proprietor  of  The  Weekly 
Times  of  Danville,  Va.  He  is  the  author 
of  Home  Reminiscences  of  John  Ran 
dolph;  and  The  Old  Trunk,  or  Sketches 
of  Colonial  Days,  which  latter  work  has 
gone  through  two  editions. 

BOULDIN,  THOMAS  T.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  In  Virginia.  He 
was  a  member  of  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1829  to  1833.  Before  entering  con 
gress  he  had  been  a  lawyer  of  high  rank, 
and  an  able  and  upright  judge,  highly  re 
spected  for  his  talents  and  integrity.  He 
died  Feb.  11,  1834,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BOULIGNEY,  DOMINIQUE,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  Louis 
iana.  He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
and  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1824  to  1829.  He  died  March  5, 
1833,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 


132 


HEHRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN  •  BIOGRAPHY. 


BOULIGNEY,  JOHN  EDWARD,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1824,  in  New 
Orleans,  La.,  of  Creole  descent.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Louisiana 
to  the  thirty-sixth  congress;  and  of  the 
representatives  of  twelve  millions  of  peo 
ple,  he  was  the  only  one  who  refused  10 
abandon  his  state  to  the  leaders  of  the 
secession  movement,  and  continued  in 
congress  until  the  close  of  his  term.  He 
<Med  Feb.  20,  1864,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BOUND,  FRANKLIN,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1829, 
in  Milton,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  state 
senator  in  1860,  and  served  three  years, 
declining  a  renomination.  He  was  a  del 
egate  to  the  republican  gubernatorial  con 
vention  of  the  state  in  1864;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  national  convention 
of  1868;  and  in  1884  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BOURGEOIS,  CHARLES  A.,  planter, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1853. 
in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  graduated  from 
the  Staright  university  of  his  native  city. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  and  planter  of 
Killona,  La.,  and  since  1879  has  repre 
sented  the  parish  of  St.  Charles  in  the 
general  assembly  of  the  Louisiana  state 
legislature. 

BOURKE,  JOHN  GREGORY,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  in  1846,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  United  States  army  officer;  and 
the  author  of  The  Snake  Dance  of  the 
Moquis  of  Arizona,  a  valuable  contribu 
tion  to  ethnology;  An  Apache  Campaign 
in  the  Sierra  Madre;  and  On  the  Border 
with  Crook.  He  died  in  1896. 

BOURNE,  AUGUSTUS  O.,  soldier,  man 
ufacturer,  state  senator,  governor,  was 
born  Oct.  1,  1834,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
He  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  india- 
rubber  goods  at  Providence;  and  in  1867 
founded  the  National  Rubber  company, 
of  Bristol,  R.  I.,  of  which  he  be 
came  the  executive  head.  In  1873  he  re 
moved  to  Bristol;  in  1876  was  elected 
state  senator,  and  was  annually  re- 
elected,  without  opposition,  until  1883, 
when  he  was  elected  governor  of  Rhode 
Island.  For  many  years  he  was  con 
nected  with  the  state  militia,  serving  in 
every  capacity  from  private  to  lieutenant- 
colonel.  For  four  years  he  was  consul- 
general  for  Italy. 

BOURNE,  BENJAMIN,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1755,  in  Bris 
tol,  R.  I.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1790  to 
1796,  when  he  resigned,  and  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
of  Rhode  Island.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1808. 

BOURNE,  EDWARD  EMERSON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  March  19,  1797  in 
Kennebunk,  Maine.  He  was  state's  attor 
ney  for  York  county  in  1838  and  1841,  and 
judge  of  the  probate  court  from  1857  till 
1872.  He  was  also  for  several  years  presi 
dent  of  the  Maine  Historical  society  He 
died  Sept.  23,  1873,  in  Kennebunk,  Maine. 

BOURNE,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  author 
was  born  about  1760,  in  England.  He 
•was  an  ardent  and  learned  controversial 
ist,  and  wrote  works  on  Romanism  and 
slavery.  He  died  in  1845,  in  New  York 
city. 

BOURNE,  JONATHAN,  capitalist,  was 
born  March  25,  1811,  in  Sandwich,  Mass. 
Having  made  some  investments  in  whal 
ing  ships,  he  sold  his  mercantile  business 
and  devoted  his  attention  to  vessel  prop 
erty  and  whaling  industry.  At  one  time 
he  was  the  largest  owner  of  whaling  ton 
nage  In  New  Bedford,  possibly  in  the 
United  States.  He  died  Aug.  7,  1889. 


BOURNE,  RICHARD,  missionary,  was 
born  in  England.  He  acquired  a  knowl 
edge  of  the  Indian  tongue,  and  in  1670 
was  ordained  pastor  of  an  Indian  church 
at  Marshpee.  In  1660  he  obtained  at  his 
own  expense  a  deed  securing  to  those 
under  his  charge  the  possession  of'Marsh- 
pee.  His  son  Shearjashub,  his  grandson 
Ezra,  and  his  great-grandson  Joseph,  had 
charge  after  him  of  the  settlement  at 
Marshpee.  He  died  in  1682,  in  Sandwich, 
Mass. 

BOURNE,  SHEARJASUB,  jurist,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard 
college  in  1764;  was  chief  justice  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  for  Suffolk  county, 
Mass.;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1791  to  1795.  He  died  in 
1806. 

BOUTELL,  HENRY  SHERMAN,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  in  1856,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
Northwestern  university  in  1874;  and 
while  there  he  won  the  oratorical  prize 
every  year.  Next  he  went  to  Harvard  and 
was  graduated  in  1876,  and  was  given  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  in  civil  and  international 
law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1879. 
He  has  been  a  state  legislator,  with  a  good 
record,  and  has  been  successful  as  a  law 
yer. 

BOUTELLE,  CHARLES  ADDISON, 
iiiual  officer,  journalist,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  9,  1839,  in  Lincoln  county, 
Maine.  He  early  adopted  the  profession  of 
his  father,  a  shipmaster.  In  1862  he  vol 
unteered  and  was  appointed  acting  master 
in  the  United  States  navy;  and  he  served 
in  the  north  and  south  Atlantic  and  west 
gulf  squadrons.  In  1870  he  became  man 
aging  editor  and  in  1874  proprietor  of  the 
Bangor  Whig  and  Courier.  He  was  elected 
representative  at  large  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress;  was  elected  as  representative 
from  the  fourth  district  to  the  forty-ninth, 
fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third, 
fifty-fourth,  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as 
•d  republican. 

BOUTELLE,  DE  WITT  CLINTON, 
artist,  was  born  April  6,  1820,  in  Troy,  N. 
Y.  After  painting  in  New  York  and  Phila 
delphia  he  removed  his  studio  to  Bethle 
hem,  Pa.,  where  he  lived  for  many  years. 
He  died  Nov.  5,  1884. 

BOUTON,  EMILY  ST.  J.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  New  Canaan,  Conn. 
In  1877  she  became  a  member  of  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  the  Toledo  Blade,  a  posi 
tion  she  still  continues  to  occupy.  She  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  Health 
and  Beauty. 

BOUTON,  EUGENE,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  6,  1850,  in  Jefferson,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  successful  educator,  and  has  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  A.  B.,  A.  M.  and 
Ph.  D.  He  has  been  deputy  superintendent 
of  public  instruction  of  the  state  of  New 
York;  superintendent  of  schools  in  va 
rious  cities;  and  is  the  author  of  several 
educational  works. 

BOUTON,  JOHN  BELL,  author,  was 
born  March  15.  1830,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 
He  is  the  author  of  Loved  and  Lost: 
essays;  Round  the  Block,  a  novel;  Treas 
ury  of  Travel  and  Adventure;  Memoir  of 
General  Bell;  Roundabout  to  Moscow, 
an  Epicurean  Journey;  and  Uncle  Sam's 
Church. 

BOUTON,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  June  29,  1797,  in  Nor- 
walk,  Conn.  He  was  a  state  historian  of 
New  Hampshire.  He  is  best  known  for 
his  edition  of  ten  volumes  of  Provincial 
Records  and  for  a  History  of  Concord, 
and  New  Hampshire.  He  died  June  6, 
1878,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 


BOUTWELL.  GEORGE  SEWALL,  gov 
ernor,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  28, 
1818,  in  Brookline,  Mass.  He  was  governor 
of  the  state  in  1852-53;  secretary  of  the 
tieasury  in  1869-73;  and  was  seven  years 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  legisla 
ture,  in  1842-50.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
thirty-eighth,  thirty-ninth,  fortieth,  and 
forty-first  congresses;  and  during  1873-77 
was  a  United  States  senator.  He  is  the 
author  of  Thoughts  on  Educational  Top 
ics;  Manual  of  the  Direct  and  Excise  Tax 
System  of  the  United  States;  The  Tax- 
Payer's  Manual;  Speeches  and  Papers  re 
lating  to  the  Rebellion;  Why  I  am  a  Re 
publican:  a  History  of  the  Republican 
Party;  The  Lawyer,  the  Statesman,  the 
Soldier;  and  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  at  the  end  of  the  First  Cen 
tury. 

BOUVE,  EDWARD  TRACY,  author.  He 
is  the  author  of  Centuries  Apart;  and 
other  works. 

BOUVE,  THOMAS  TRACY,  merchant, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1815,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  For  many  years  he  filled  the  of 
fices  of  curator  and  councillor  to  the  Bos 
ton  society  of  natural  history,  becoming 
its  president  in  1870,  and  continuing  as 
such  until  1880.  He  has  contributed  many 
scientific  papers  to  the  proceedings  of 
that  society,  and  is  the  author  of  a  His 
tory  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural 
History  for  the  First  Half  Century  of  its 
Existence,  ending  in  1880. 

BOUVET,  MARGUERITE,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  14,  1865,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 
She  is  a  writer  of  children's  books  of 
notable  excellence;  and  the  author  of 
Sweet  William;  Prince  Tip-Top;  Little 
Marjorie's  Love  Story;  My  Lady;  A 
Child  of  Tuscany;  and  Pierrette. 

BOUVIER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1787,  in  Italy.  He  was 
a  jurist  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author 
of  Law  Dictionary;  and  Institutes  of 
American  Law.  He  died  Nov.  18,  1851,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BOVEE,  CHRISTIAN  NESTELL,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1820.  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  an  epigrammatic  writer,  some 
of  whose  sayings  have  been  much  quoted; 
and  is  the  author  of  Thoughts,  Feelings, 
and  Fancies;  and  Intuitions  and  Sum 
maries  of  Thought. 

BOVEE,  MATTHIAS  J.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1835  to  1837. 

BOWDEN,  GEORGE  EDWIN,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  6,  1852,  in  Williams- 
burg,  Va.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
but  never  engaged  in  the  practice.  He 
was  collector  of  customs  for  port  of  Nor 
folk  in  1879-85;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

BOWDEN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  educator, 
was  born  Jan.  7,  1751,  in  Ireland.  He  took 
charge  of  the  Episcopal  academy  at 
Cheshire,  Conn.,  where  he  remained  six 
years.  In  1802  he  was  elected  professor 
of  moral  philosophy  and  logic  in  Co 
lumbia  college.  He  died  July  31,  1817. 
in  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 

BOWDEN,  LEMUEL  JACKSON,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan 
16,  1815,  in  Williamsburg,  Va.  He  served 
three  sessions  in  the  Virginia  legislature; 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  for 
amending  the  state  constitution  in  1849; 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1861.  In 
1S63  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Virginia.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1864,  1m 
Washington  city. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


133 


BOWDITCH,  CHARLES  P.,  capitalist, 
was  born  Sept.  30,  1842,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
Having  inherited  means  from  his  father, 
he  invested  them  in  corporations,  and  is 
president  of  The  Pepperell  Manufactur 
ing  Co.,  and  The  Laconia  Co.,  which  oper 
ate  large  cotton  mills  in  Biddeford, 
Maine.  He  is  also  an  owner  in  The  Mer- 
rimack  Manufacturing  Co.,  The  Nashua 
Manufacturing  Co.,  The  Salmon  Falls 
Manufacturing  Co.,  The  American  Tele 
phone  and  Telegraph  Co.,  The  Jackson 
Co.,  and  The  Massachusetts  Hospital  Life 
Insurance  Co. 

BOWDITCH,  HENRY  INGERSOLL, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Aug  9,  1808 
in  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  an  eminent  phy 
sician  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Life 
of  Nathaniel  Bowditch  for  the  Young; 
The  Young  Stethoscopist;  and  Public  Hy 
giene  in  America.  He  died  in  1892. 

BOWDITCH,  HENRY  PICKERING, 
soldier,  physician,  was  born  April  4,  1840. 
in  Boston,  Mass.  Soon  after  the  begin 
ning  of  the  civil  war  he  was  commissioned 
second  lieutenant  in  the  first  Massachu 
setts  cavalry,  and  rose  gradually  until  he 
attained  the  rank  of  major  in  the  fifth 
Massachusetts  cavalry,  which  office  he  re 
signed  in  1865.  In  1871  he  became  as 
sistant  professor  of  physiology  at  Har 
vard  Medical  college,  and  in  1876  was 
elected  to  the  full  chair. 

BOWDITCH,  JONATHAN  INGER- 
SOLL,  merchant,  financier,  was  born  Oct. 
15,  1806,  in  Salem,  Mass.  By  will  he  gave 
$10,000  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Bow- 
ditch  collection  in  the  Boston  library 
and  the  purchase  of  works  on  mathematics 
and  astronomy. 

BOWDITCH,  NATHANIEL,  mathema 
tician,  was  born  March  26,  1773,  in  Sa 
lem,  Mass.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the  Bos 
ton  Athenaeum,  president  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  a 
member  of  the  corporation  of  Harvard 
university.  He  was  twice  elected  to  the 
state  executive  council  of  Massachusetts 
and  held  many  offices  of  trust  and  honor. 
He  was  a  famous  mathematician  of  Sa 
lem,  Mass.,  whose  translation  of  La 
Place's  Mecanique  Celeste,  with  extensive 
commentary,  was  his  greatest  work.  The 
New  American  Navigator  was  his  original 
work  of  note.  He  died  March  16,  1838, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

BOWDITCH,  NATHANIEL  INGER- 
POLL,  conveyancer,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  17,  1805,  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  became 
noted  for  accuracy  and  industry,  and  it  is 
said  that  scarcely  a  transfer  of  real  estate 
was  made  in  Boston  without  his  examina 
tion  and  approval  of  the  title.  He  wrote 
altogether  fifty-five  folio  volumes  of  land- 
titles,  containing  30.000  pages,  besides 
plans  and  maps.  He  published  Suffolk 
Surnames.  This  work  contains  curious 
surnames  met  with  by  Mr.  Bowditch  in 
his  business.  Its  peculiarity  is  in  the  au 
thor's  system  of  classification  by  the  deri 
vation  of  the  names.  He  died  April  16, 
1861.  in  Brookline.  Mass. 

BOWDOIN.  JAMES,  statesman,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1727,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  In  1756  he  was  state  senator 
and  councilor;  in  1769  was  removed  by  the 
governor  from  the  position  of  councilor, 
for  his  opposition  to  the  royal  govern 
ment,  and  was  at  once  elected  representa 
tive.  In  1785-86  was  governor  of  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  the  author  of  a  volume, 
of  poems.  Bowdoin  college,  of  Brunswick, 
Maine,  was  named  in  his  honor,  but  en 
dowed  by  his  son  James.  He  died  Nov.  6. 
1790,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


BOWDON,  FRANKLIN  W.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Alabama.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  his 
native  state  from  1846  to  1851.  He  died 
June  6,  1857,  in  Henderson,  Texas. 

BOWEN,  ANDREW  JACKSON,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  April 
16,  1845,  in  Eastford,  Conn.  For  many 
years  he  was  engaged  in  educational  work. 
In  1880  he  served  as  a  representative  in 
the  Connecticut  legislature  from  Eastford; 
and  served  in  the  same  position  in  1895 
from  Windham.  He  is  now  judge  of  the 
police  court  of  the  city  of  v.  ..uniantic, 
where  he  has  an  extensive  law  practice. 

BOWEN,  ASA  B.,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  April  12,  1842,  in  Eastford, 
Conn.  After  a  preparatory  course  in  the 
Mexico  academy, 
New  York,  he  taught 
several  terms  in  the 
district  schools  of 
that  town.  In  1864-65 
he  served  one  year 
on  the  American 
man-of-war  Neptune, 
in  the  medical  de 
partment,  nearly  all 
the  time  cruising 
about  the  West  In 
dies.  In  1868  he 
graduated  from  the 

Albany  Medical  college,  then  devoted 
some  time  to  clinical  study  in  New 
York  city;  and  since  1869  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  Maquoketa,  Iowa. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Iowa  State 
Medical  society;  of  the  American  Medical 
association:  of  the  National  Association 
of  Railway  Surgeons;  and  of  the  Masonic- 
fraternity,  lodge,  chapter  and  comman- 
dery.  During  1878-92  he  was  United 
States  pension  examining  surgeon:  in 
1872-85  commissioner  of  insanity  for  Jack 
son  county:  for  three  years  a  member  of 
i he  school  board;  and  local  surgeon  for 
the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  railroad. 
He  is  the  author  of  Typhoid  Fever  and  Its 
Treatment;  Management  of  Compound 
Fractures;  Scarlatina;  and  other  valuable 
medical  papers. 

BOWEN,  CHRISTOPHER  COLUM 
BUS,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
3,  1832,  in  Rhode  Island.  He  sealed  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  in  1862;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  state  constitutional  convention 
of  1867;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  South  Carolina  to  the  fortieth  and 
forty-first  congresses. 

BOWEN,  ELI,  author,  was  born  in  Lan 
caster,  Pa.,  in  1824.  He  was  the  author 
of  Coal  Regions  of  Pennsylvania;  Pic 
torial  Sketch  Book  of  Pennsylvania; 
Rambles  in  the  Path  of  the  Iron  Horse; 
The  Creation  of  the  Earth;  United  States 
Postoffice  System;  and  Coal  and  Coal  Oil. 
He  died  about  1886,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

BOWEN,  FRANCIS,  journalist,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1811,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a  professor 
of  philosophy  at  Harvard  university  for 
many  years,  and  eminent  both  as  philos 
opher  and  political  economist;  and  for 
eleven  years  he  was  the  editor  of  the 
North  American  Review.  He  opposed  the 
systems  of  Kant,  Fichte,  Cousin,  Comte, 
and  Mill,  and  was  answered  by  the  latter 
in  a  third  edition  of  his  Logic.  He  was 
the  author  of  Critical  Essays  in  Specu 
lative  Philosophy:  Modern  Philosophy 
from  Descartes  to  Schopenhauer  and  Hart- 
niann;  Treatise  on  Logic;  American  Polit 
ical  Economy;  Principles  of  Political 
Economy;  A  Layman's  Study  of  the  Eng 
lish  Bible  Considered  in  its  Literary  and 
Secular  Aspects;  and  Gleanings  From  a 
Literary  Life.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1890,  in 
Boston.  Mass. 


BOWEN,  GEORGE  THOMAS,  chemist, 
was  born  March  19,  1803,  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  The  results  of  his  investigations 
were  published  in  1822  under  the  titles 
On  the  Electromagnetic  Effects  of  Hare's 
Calorimeter  and  On  a  Mode  of  Preserving 
in  a  Permanent  Form  the  Coloring  Mat 
ter  of  Purple  Cabbage  as  a  Test  for  Acids 
and  Alkalies.  He  died  Oct.  25,  isz8,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

BOWEN,  HELEN  M.,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  5,  1865,  in  northern  Illinois.  She 
received  her  education  in  the  high 
schools  of  Chicago  and  Englewood.  bhe 
has  traveled  extensively  in  America  and 
abroad,  and  her  Sketches  of  English 
Places  of  Note  were  among  her  first  ef 
forts.  Short  stories  followed  this  series 
of  descriptive  articles,  including  A 
Breath  From  a  Cuban  Battlefield;  A 
Gypsy  Musician;  and  A  Summer  Vaca 
tion.  Her  most  representative  work  is  A 
Daughter  of  Cuba,  a  story  dealing  wun 
the  great  question  of  Cuban  freedom,  in 
terwoven  with  romance. 

liOWEN,  HENRY,  soldier,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1841,  in  Maid 
en  Spring,  Va.  He  was  educated  at  Emory 
and  Henry  college,  Va.;  entered  the  con 
federate  army  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war;  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy; 
and  was  taken  prisoner  in  1864  and  con 
fined  in  Fort  Delaware  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  in  1869,  and  re- 
elected  in  1871 ;  and  was  elected  a  repre- 
sentathe  from  Virginia  to  the  forty- 
eighth  and  fiftieth  congresses. 

BOWEN,  HENRY  CHAivm.ER.  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1813,  in  Wood 
stock,  Conn.  In  1848  the  New  York  In 
dependent  was  founded  by  five  men,  of 
whom  Mr.  Bowen  was  one.  Unprofitable 
at  first,  the  property  finally  came  into  Mr. 
Bowen's  ownership,  and  he  has  been  sole 
proprietor  now  for  thirty  years  or  more. 

BOWEN,  JAMES,  capitalist,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1808  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  the  first  president  of  the  Krie  rail 
way.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
legislature  in  1848  and  1849.  At  the  be 
ginning  of  the  civil  war  he  raised  six  or 
seven  regiments,  which  were  formed  into 
a  brigade,  and  took  command  of  them,  re 
ceiving  his  commission  as  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers  in  1862.  He  died  Sept. 
29,  1886,  in  Hastings-on-Hudson. 

BOWEN,  JOHN  ELIOT,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1858  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  New  York  journalist;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Conflict  of  East  and  West  in 
Egypt;  and  Songs  of  Toil,  a  translation 
from  Carmen  Sylva.  He  died  in  1890. 

BOWEN,  JOHN  H.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1813  to  1815. 

BOWEN,  OLIVER,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  the  last  century.  He  was  a  revo 
lutionary  patriot  of  Augusta,  Ga..  and 
was  successful,  in  the  early  days  of  the 
war,  in  seizing  a  large  quantity  of  pow 
der  stored  on  Tybee  island,  near  Savan 
nah,  July  10,  1775.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  provincial  congress  in  1775,  and  of  the 
council  of  safety.  He  died  August.  1800, 
in  Providence.  R.  I. 

BOWEN,  REES  T.,  farmer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1809,  in  Taze- 
well  county,  Va.  He  received  an  academic 
euucation;  and  was  a  farmer  and  grazier. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  legislature 
of  Virginia  in  1863  and  1864;  a  magis 
trate  for  several  years  prior  to  the  war; 
and  the  presiding  justice  of  the  county 
court  a  portion  of  the  time.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress. 


134 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BOWEN,  MRS.  SUE,  author,  was  born 
in  1824  in  South  Carolina.  She  was  the 
author  of  Sylvia's  World;  Gerald  Gray's 
Wife;  Lily;  and  Busy  Moments  of  an  idle 
Woman,  a  collection  of  stories.  She  died 
in  1S75,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

BOWEN,  THOMAS  M.,  was  born  Oct. 
26,  1835,  near  Burlington,  Iowa.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1856.  In  1861  he  entered  the  union 
army  as  captain;  in  1862  was  promoted 
to  a  colonelcy;  served  throughout  the 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  brevet  brigadier- 
general.  And  at  the  close  of  the  war 
he  settled  in  Arkansas.  He  was  president 
of  the  constitutional  convention  of  10. 
and  1868;  served  four  years  as  a  justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court;  resigned  to  ac 
cept  the  appointment  of  governor  of  Idaho 
territory  in  1871;  resigned  the  governor 
ship  and  returned  to  Arkansas,  where  he 
was  defeated  for  United  States  senator. 
He  removed  to  Colorado,  where  he  served 
for  four  years  as  judge  of  the  Leadville 
district;  was  elected  a  United  btates  sen 
ator  from  Colorado,  and  served  during 
1883-89. 

BOWEN,  WILLIAM  MANUAL  PEREZ, 
lawyer,  was  born  Sept  8,  1864,  in  At- 
tleboro,  Mass.  He  received  his  education 
__^^^^^^^^^^  in  the  public  schools 
_^^^,  of  Rhode  Island,  and 

f  ^^  in     1884     graduated 

i  from  the  Brown  uni- 

\     »  gM        >    versity.    He  has  done 
^fc  considerable      news 

paper  and  literary 
work;  and  his  po 
ems  have  attracted 
favorable  attention. 
He  is  best  known  in 
athletic  circles;  is  on 
the  editorial  staff  of 
The  Triangle,  pub 
lished  by  the  Providence  Athletic  asso 
ciation,  of  which  he  is  secretary;  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  national  committee 
on  improvement  of  highways,  and  his  per 
sistent  and  arduous  labors  in  advancing 
the  adoption  of  better  public  roads  are 
well  appreciated.  Colonel  Bowen  is  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity;  Rhode 
Island  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Ameri 
can  Revolution;  the  Massachusetts  com- 
mandery  of  the  Loyal  Legion;  the 
United  Train  of  Artillery;  and  various 
other  fraternal  orders. 

BOWER.  GUSTAVUS  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Missouri  from 
1843  to  1845. 

BOWER,  WILLIAM  HORTON,  educa 
tor,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  June 
6,  1850,  in  Wilkes  county,  N.  C.  In  1876 
he  moved  to  California  and  remained  there 
teaching  till  the  summer  of  1880,  when 
he  returned  to  his  native  state.  In  1882 
he  was  elected  representative  in  the  leg 
islature  for  Caldwell  county;  and  in  1884 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate.  In  1885 
he  was  appointed  solicitor  of  tenth  ju- 
dical  district,  and  in  1886  was  elected  for 
four  years  without  opposition.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

BOWERS,  EATON  JACKSON,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  June  17,  1865,  in  Can 
ton,  Miss.  In  1896  he  was  elected  state 
senator  in  the  Mississippi  state  legisla 
ture. 

BOWERS,  EZRA,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  20,  1863,  in  Bowersville,  Ga. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Ameri 
can  Union,  a  weekly  newspaper  which  has 
I'l-rome  very  popular  in  the  south.  He  is 
!'ie  author  of  a  number  of  poems  which 
1  :ive  been  incorporated  in  several  stan- 
il.  rrt  works. 


BOWERS,  HENRY  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  12,  1837,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
During  1871-75  he  was  county  recorder  of 
Clinton  county,  Iowa;  was  a  member  of 
the  city  council  of  Clinton;  and  for  three 
years  was  011  the  staff  of  Governor  John 
H.  Gear.  In  1887  he  founded  the  Ameri 
can  Protective  association,  and  was  its  su 
preme  president  for  the  first  six  years 
of  its  existence.  He  has  attained  promi 
nence  as  an  able  lawyer,  and  has  an  ex 
tensive  practice  in  Clinton,  Iowa. 

BOWERS,  JOHN  M.,  congressman,  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1813  to  1814. 

BOWERS,  STEPHEN,  clergyman,  sci 
entist,  author,  was  born  March  3,  1832, 
in  Dearborn  county,  Ind.  He  recruited  a 
company  for  the  sixty-seventh  Indiana 
volunteer  infantry  in  1862,  and  did  valiant 
service  for  his  country.  He  was  ordained 
in  the  methodist  episcopal  church  in  1866, 
and  attained  distinction  as  a  revivalist. 
His  early  love  for  science  led  him  to  ac 
cept  a  position  in  the  United  States  geo 
logical  survey,  and  for  many  years  he  was 
connected  with  the  California  mineral- 
ogical  and  geological  survey.  He  has 
written  extensively  on  scientific  subjects, 
and  is  now  the  editor  of  the  California 
Voice,  of  Los  Angeles. 

BOWERS,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  sol 
dier,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  20, 1834,  in  Whitestown,  N.  Y.  He  en 
listed  as  a  private  in  company  I,  first 
Wisconsin  cavalry  In  1862;  and  was  dis 
charged  from  the  service  as  second  ser 
geant  Feb.  22,  1865.  He  removed  to  San 
Diego  in  1869  and  in  1873  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  California  legislature.  In 
1874  he  was  appointed  collector  of  cus 
toms  for  the  San  Diego  district,  and  held 
the  office  for  eight  years;  in  1886  he  was 
elected  state  senator  for  four  years,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  repub 
lican. 

BOWERSOCK,  JUSTIN  D.,  manufactur 
er,  banker,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  19, 
1842,  in  Columbiana  county,  Ohio.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
in  the  common 
schools  of  Ohio.  He 
has  been  twice  may 
or  of  Lawrence, 
Kas.;  in  1887  was  a 
member  of  the  Kan 
sas  state  house  of 
representatives;  and 
in  1896  became  a 
member  of  the  state 
senate,  and  served 
with  distinction  in 
that  body.  He  is  one 
of  the  most  prominent  business  men  of  the 
west;  and  is  president  of  the  following  In 
stitutions:  Bowersock  Milling  company; 
Kansas  Water  Power  company;  Lawrence 
Paper  company;  Lawrence  National  bank; 
Lawrence  Gas  and  Electric  Light  com 
pany;  Commercial  club;  and  the  Consoli 
dated  Barb  Wire  company. 

BOWIE,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born  In 
1795  in  Elliot  Springs,  Tenn.  He  entered 
the  army  during  the  Mexican  war,  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  captain.  He,  with  his 
brother,  invented  the  celebrated  instru 
ment  for  more  than  two  generations 
known  as  the  Bowie  knife. 

BOWIE,  ODEN,  farmer,  soldier,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1826, 
in  Prince  George  county,  Md.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  St.  Mary's  college.  Baltimore; 
and  his  occupation  was  that  of  a  farmer. 
He  was  a  captain  in  the  Mexican  war:  fre 
quently  s<  rvrd  iii  the  assembly  and  sen 
ate  of  the  state;  and  was  go\ernor  of 


Maryland  from  1867  to  1871.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac  rail 
way  company  from  the  time  of  its  con 
struction,  and  was  also  president  of  the 
Baltimore  City  Passenger  Railway  com 
pany. 

BOWIE,  RICHARD  I.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  23,  1807,  in  George 
town,  D.  C.  In  1836  and  1837  he  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  Maryland,  in 
1840  was  a  delegate  to  the  Harrisburg 
convention,  called  to  nominate  a  presi 
dent;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1849  to  1853. 

BOWIE,  ROBERT,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  in  1750,  in  Prince  George  county, 
Md.  He  was  captain  in  the  second  bat 
talion  of  the  Maryland  Flying  artillery  in 
1776;  and  was  governor  of  Maryland  from 
1803  to  1805,  and  from  1811  to  1812.  He 
died  Jan.  8,  1818,  in  Nottingham,  Md. 

BOWIE,  THOMAS  F.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  7,  1808,  in  Queen 
Anne,  Md.  He  served  as  deputy  attorney- 
general  for  Prince  George  county  sixteen 
years;  served  three  terms  in  the  legisla 
ture  of  Maryland;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Maryland  in  the  thirty- 
fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses.  He 
died  Oct.  30,  1869,  in  Marlborough,  Md. 

BOWIE,  WALTER,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Maryland  convention  of  1776;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1802  to  1805. 

BOWKER,  RICHARD  ROGERS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1848  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  was  the  editor  for  some 
years  of  the  Publishers'  Weekly;  and  the 
author  of  Work  and  Wealth:  a  Summary 
of  Economics;  A  Primer  for  Political  Ed 
ucation;  Economics  for  the  People;  The 
Library  List;  and  Electoral  Reform. 

BOWLER,  METCALF,  patriot,  was  born 
about  1730.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Rhode 
Island  to  the  colonial  congress  of  1765, 
held  in  New  York.  He  was  speaker  of  the 
Rhode  Island  assembly  in  1774,  when  the 
obnoxious  royal  decree  reached  Boston 
closing  the  port  and  transferring  the 
board  of  customs  to  Marblehead,  and  the 
seat  of  government  to  Salem.  He  was 
thus  the  first  to  announce,  in  a  public  and 
official  way,  the  first  united  action  to 
ward  resistance  to  royal  authority. 

BOWLES,  ADA  CHASTINA,  minister, 
was  born  Aug.  2,  1836,  in  Gloucester. 
Mass.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  she  was 
married  to  the  Rev. 
B.  F.  Bowles,  a  uni- 
versalist  clergyman, 
under  whose  guid 
ance  she  studied  the 
ology.  In  1872  Mrs. 
Bowles  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  Boston, 
and  after  three  years' 
experience  upon  the 
platform  and  pulpit 
was  ordained  and  be 
came  pastor  of  the 
universalist  church 
in  Easton,  Pa.  She  has  ever  since  been 
actively  engaged  in  church,  reform  and 
philanthropic  work;  has  been  pastor  in 
Marlborough,  Mass.,  In  Pomona,  Cal., 
and  is  now  acting  pastor  of  the  univer 
salist  church  in  Kingston,  N.  H.  Since 
1869  she  has  been  actively  at  work  for  the 
advancement  of  woman's  suffrage.  In 
1872  she  was  state  lecturer  for  Massachu 
setts;  has  been  president  of  several  state, 
county  and  city  associations  for  its  ad- 
Mincement:  was  a  member  of  the  Pacific 
Coast  Woman's  Press  association,  and  for 
I  en  vents  was  secretary  of  the  Woman's 
ministerial  confeiente. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


135 


BOWLES,  SAMUEL,  journalist,  was 
born  June  8,  1797,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  In 
1824  he  established  The  Republican,  of 
which  he  was  editor  and  proprietor.  He 
died  Sept.  8,  1851,  in  Springfield,  Mass. 

BOWLES,  SAMUEL,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  9,  1826,  in  Springfield, 
Mass.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Springfield, 
Mass.,  and  editor  of  the  Springfield  Re 
publican.  He  was  the  author  of  Across 
the  Continent;  and  Our  New  West.  He 
died  Jan.  16,  1878,  in  Springfield,  Mass. 

BOWLES,  SAMUEL,  journalist,  was 
born  Oct.  15,  1851,  In  Springfield,  Mass. 
He  received  his  education  at  Yale  college 
and  the  Berlin  university.  He  is  the  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Springfield  Repub 
lican,  and  director  of  the  City  Library 
association  of  Springfield,  Mass. 

BOWLES,  THOMAS  HENRY,  under 
writer,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1854,  in  Flu- 
venna  county,  Va.  He  is  president  of  the 
Life  Underwriters'  association  of  Louis 
iana;  delegate  from  Louisiana  to  the 
Trans-Mississippi  congress  at  Denver, 
Colo.;  and  has  written  on  the  science  and 
practice  of  life  insurance. 

BOWLIN,  JAMES  BUTLER,  lawyer, 
congressman,  diplomatist,  was  born  in 
1804  in  Spottsylvania  county,  Va.  In  1835 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture;  in  1837  was  made  district  attorney 
for  St.  Louis;  and  soon  after  attorney  for 
the  Bank  of  St.  Louis.  In  1839  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  criminal  court;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Missouri  from  1843  to  1851.  In  1854  he  was 
appointed  minister  resident  to  New  Gran 
ada,  and  in  1858  was  appointed  commis 
sioner  to  Paraguay. 

BOWMAN,  ALEXANDER  HAMILTON, 
soldier,  was  born  May  15,  1803,  in  Wilkes- 
barre,  Pa.  In  1826  he  was  appointed  as 
sistant  engineer  in  the  construction  of  the 
defenses  and  in  the  improvement  of  har 
bors  and  rivers  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  He 
was  promoted  first  lieutenant  in  1835,  and 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1865,  in  Wilkes- 
barre,  Pa. 

BOWMAN,  C.  A.,  educator,  college  pres 
ident,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1861,  in  Dauphin, 
Pa.  This  eminent  educator  and  teacher 
of  psychology  was  president  of  the  Fay- 
ette  seminary,  Oregon,  and  in  1896  be 
came  president  of  the  Albright  Collegiate 
institute  of  Myerstown,  Pa. 

BOWMAN,  CHARLES  WESLEY,  jour 
nalist,  educator,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1840, 
in  Cape  Girardeau  county,  Mo.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
in  the  private  and 
public  schools  of 
Iowa  and  Missouri. 
He  served  nearly 
four  years  as  a 
Union  soldier  during 
the  civil  war,  and 
•won  a  first  lieuten 
ant's  and  adjutant's 
commission.  Nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  cen 
tury  of  his  life  was 
spent  in  journalistic 
work,  as  editor  and  publisher;  and  in 
1873  he  moved  to  Colorado,  settled  in 
Bent  county,  where  he  has  filled  the  offices 
of  superintendent  of  public  instruction 
and  probate  judge.  For  three  years  he 
was  secretary  of  the  Pueblo  board  of 
trade;  and  for  six  years  has  filled  the 
office  of  county  superintendent  of  public 
schools,  with  rare  ability  and  satisfaction. 
BOWMAN,  ED.  MORRIS,  musician,  was 
born  July  18,  1848,  in  Barnard,  Vt.  He 
has  been  president  for  eight  years  of 
the  American  college  of  musicians;  the 
editor  of  Weitzmann's  Manual  of  Music 


Theory:   and  from  1887-89  was  conductor 
of  the  Newark  Harmonic  society. 

BOWMAN,  FRANCIS  CASWELL,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  musician,  was  born  Dec.  29, 
1831,  in  New  York  city.  At  tne  beginning 
of  the  civil  war  he  joined  the  seventh 
New  York  regiment,  and  subsequently  be 
came  engaged  in  the  organization  and 
service  of  the  United  States  sanitary  com 
mission  at  Washington.  He  was  an  ac 
complished  musician,  founded  the  Men 
delssohn  Glee  club,  of  New  York,  and 
was  its  president  for  five  years.  He  con 
tributed  frequently  to  periodicals,  and  for 
seventeen  years  was  musical  editor  of  the 
New  York  Sun.  He  died  Oct.  29,  1884,  in 
New  York  city. 

BOWMAN,  JAMES  CLAYTON,  educa 
tor,  was  born  June  11,  1862,  near  Roan 
Mountain,  N.  C.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Globe  academy,  N.  C.,  and  at  the 
Grant  Memorial  university  of  Athens, 
Tenn.  He  built  the  Bowman  academy  of 
Bakersville,  N.  C.,  where  he  is  now  en 
gaged  in  educational  work.  He  has  been 
superintendent  of  public  instruction,  and 
has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  in  his 
county  and  state. 

BOWMAN,  OBADIAH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1851  to  1853. 

BOWMAN,  SAMUEL,  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop,  was  born  May  21,  1800,  in 
Wilkesbarre,  Pa.  In  1847  he  was  elected 
bishop  of  Indiana,  but  declined.  He  was 
chosen  assistant  bishop  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  consecrated  in  Christ  church,  Phila 
delphia  in  1858.  He  died  Aug.  3,  1861, 
near  Butler,  Pa. 

BOWMAN,  SELWYN  ZADOCK,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  May 
11,  1840,  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  state  house  of  represen 
tatives  in  1870,  1871  and  1875;  was  city  so 
licitor  of  Somerville,  Mass.,  in  1872  and 
1873;  and  was  a  state  senator  in  1876  and 
1877.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses. 

BOWMAN,  THOMAS,  bishop,  was  born 
July  15,  1817,  in  Berwick,  Pa.  He  at 
tended  the  Wilbraham  academy,  Massa 
chusetts;  Cazenovia 
seminary;  and  grad 
uated  from  the  Dick 
inson  college,  Penn 
sylvania.  During 
1848-58  he  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  Dickin 
son  seminary  of  Wil- 
liamsport,  Pa.;  dur 
ing  1858-72  was 
president  of  the  De 
Pauw  university  of 
Greencastle,  Ind.; 
and  in  1864-65  was 
chaplain  to  the  United  States  senate. 
Since  1872  the  Rt.  Rev.  Thomas  Bowman 
has  been  bishop  of  the  methodist  episco 
pal  church.  In  this  office  he  his  attended 
all  the  conferences  in  the  United  States 
and  in  Europe,  India,  Japan,  China  and 
Mexico. 

BOWMAN,  THOMAS,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  25,  1848,  in  Wis- 
casset,  Maine.  He  is  a  descendant  of 
John  Bridge,  the  puritan.  He  moved  to 
Council  Bluffs  in  1868,  where  he  engaged 
in  commercial  business;  was  elected  treas 
urer  of  Pottawattamie  county  in  1875,  and 
re-elected  in  1877  and  1879.  He  was  elect 
ed  mayor  of  Council  Bluffs  in  1882;  and 
was  appointed  postmaster  in  1885  and 
served  until  1889.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat.  He 
was  again  appointed  postmaster  of  Coun 
cil  Bluffs  in  1894. 


BOWMAN,  THOMAS  FRANKLIN,  law 
yer,  clergyman,  was  born  May  22,  1857,  in 
Rutherford  county,  N.  C.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Cumberland  university  of 
Lebanon,  Tenn.  During  President  Gar- 
field's  administration  he  was  appointed 
United  States  commissioner  for  middle 
Tennessee.  He  is  entirely  a  self-made 
man,  and  has  attained  an  enviable  reputa 
tion  in  the  south  as  an  able  lawyer  and  a 
successful  minister  of  the  gospel. 

BOWNE,  BORDEN  PARKER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1847,  in  Leon- 
ardville,  N.  J.  He  is  a  philosophical  writer 
and  professor  of  philosophy  in  Boston 
university;  and  the  author  of  The  Philos 
ophy  of  Herbert  Spencer;  Studies  in  The 
ism;  Metaphysics:  a  Study  of  First  Prin 
ciples;  Introduction  to  Psychological  The 
ory;  Philosophy  of  Theism;  and  Princi 
ples  of  Ethics. 

BOWNE,  SAMUEL  S.,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1795.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  assembly  in  1834;  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1841  to  1843;  and  in  1857  was  judge 
of  Otsego  county.  He  died  July  15,  1865, 
in  Otsego  county,  N.  Y. 

BOWNE,  WALTER,  grand  sachem.  He 
represented  New  York  in  the  senate  for 
three  successive  terms,  and  was  appointed 
mayor  by  the  common  council  in  1827, 
and  continued  to  hold  that  office  for  the 
four  succeeding  years.  He  died  Aug.  31, 
1846,  in  New  York. 

BOX,  CHARLOTTE  ANN,  poet.  She  is 
a  writer  of  Greeley,  Iowa,  and  her  poems 
have  been  given  a  place  in  several  stan 
dard  collections. 

BOX,  HENRY  W.,  lawyer,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  April  23,  1839,  in  England. 
He  stands  among  the  leading  criminal 
lawyers  of  his  state,  having  for  more  than 
twenty  years  given  special  attention  to 
that  class  of  practice.  He  is  a  leader  in 
philanthropic  work;  and  the  president  of 
the  Buffalo,  Bellevue  and  Lancaster  rail 
road. 

BOYCE,  JAMES,  capitalist,  was  born 
April  7,  1833,  in  Belfast,  Ireland.  He  ia 
senior  member  of  James  Boyce  and  Co., 
manufacturers  of  baskets  and  D  and 
long  handles  for  shovels  and  spades,  and 
the  owner  of  large  investments  in  real  es 
tate  and  other  prosperous  interests,  treas 
urer  of  the  Boyce  Rivet  company,  makers 
of  rivets  and  machinists,  and  the  Tap- 
pan  Shoe  Manufacturing  company,  and 
president  of  the  National  Gas  Lines  Heat, 
Light  and  Power  company,  and  the  Citi 
zens'  Enterprise  company.  He  has  filled 
numerous  public  positions  of  honor  in 
his  city,  county  and  state. 

BOYCE,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  28,  1855,  in  Sussex  county, 
Del.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  George 
town,  Del.;  has  been  president  of  the 
board  of  public  education,  and  of  the  town 
commissioners  of  that  place.  In  1897  he 
was  appointed  secretary  of  the  state  of 
Delaware;  and  in  the  same  year  became 
an  associate  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Delaware. 

BOYCE,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1819,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  South  Carolina  in  1842; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1853  to  1860,  when  he  resigned.  He  took 
part  in  the  rebellion  as  a  member  of  the 
confederate  congress.  When  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-sixth  congress  he  served  as 
a  member  of  the  committee  on  elections, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  leaving  congress 
was  a  member  of  the  committee  of  thir 
ty-three  on  the  rebellious  states. 


136 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYC1.OPKDIA 


A.MKR1CAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BOYD,  ADAM,  congressman.  He  was  an 
active  supporter  of  the  revolution,  and  a 
man  of  strong  natural  ability.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  Jer 
sey  from  1803  to  1805,  and  again  from 
1808  to  1813.  He  died  in  Hackensack,  N.  J. 

BOYD,  ADAM,  printer,  preacher,  was 
born  Nov.  25,  1738,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
served  in  St.  James  church,  Wilmington, 
N.  C.,  for  several  years,  and  also  in 
Natchez,  Miss.  He  published  the  second 
paper  ever  published  in  Wilmington, 
called  Cape  Fear  Mercury.  He  diet!  in 
1803  in  Natchez,  Miss. 

BOYD,  ALEXANDER,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1813  to  1815. 

BOYD,  A.  HUNTER,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  July  15,  1849,  in  Winchester,  Va.  He 
graduated  from  the  law  school  of  the 
Washington  and  Lee  university,  and  is 
the  associate  judge  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals  of  Maryland. 

BOYD,  JAMES  E.,  governor,  was  born 
Sept.  9,  1834,  in  Ireland.  In  1870  he  or 
ganized  the  Omaha  and  Northwestern  rail 
road,  of  which  he  was  elected  first  presi 
dent;  in  1881-83  he  was  president  of  the 
board  of  trade;  member  of  the  Nebraska 
state  legislature;  and  in  1890  was  elected 
governor  of  Nebraska. 

BOYD,  JAMES  ROBERT,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1804  in 
Hunter,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  formerly  professor  of  moral 
philosophy  at  Hamilton  college;  and  the 
author  of  Elements  of  Rhetoric  and  Liter 
ary  Criticism;  Moral  Philosophy;  The 
Westminster  Shorter  Catechism,  with 
Analysis;  Elements  of  Logic;  Last  Days 
of  a  Christian  Philosopher;  and  Memoir 
of  Doddridge.  He  died  Feb.  19,  1890,  in 
Geneva,  N.  Y. 

BOYD,  JOHN  H.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  In  1840  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  assembly  from  Washing 
ton  county;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1851  to  1853. 
He  died  July  2,  1868,  in  Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

BOYD,  KATE  PARKER,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  23,  1836,  in  New  York.  She 
won  a  number  of  medals  and  prizes  in  the 
Centennial  exposition  in  Philadelphia; 
and  in  various  state  and  county  exhi 
bitions.  She  writes  and  draws  for  the 
American  Garden,  of  New  York  city,  and 
for  other  periodicals. 

BOYD,  LINN,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  22,  1800,  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  In  1827 
he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  that 
state,  from  Calloway  county,  serving 
three  sessions;  and  in  1831  was  re-elected 
for  another  session  from  Trigg  county.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1835  to  1837,  and  from 
1839  to  1855.  He  also  served  one  term 
as  lieutenant-governor  of  Kentucky.  He 
died  Dec.  16,  1859,  in  Paducah,  Ky. 

BOYD,  SAMUEL  STILLMAN.  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1803  in  Portland, 
Maine.  In  1826  he  graduated  from  Bow- 
doin  college;  and 
immediately  moved 
west.  In  1837  he  be 
came  a  resident  of 
Natchez,  Miss.  He 
was  on£  of  the  ab 
lest  lawyers  of  Mis 
sissippi,  and  a  great 
jurist.  During  Is^y- 
50  he  attended  bj 
legislative  appoint 
ment  the  famous 
Nashville  conven 
tion.  He  took  a 
prominent  part  in  all  movements  for  the 
welfare  of  his  adopted  state,  and  drafted 
many  of  the  legislative  bills  of  that  state. 


BOYD,  SEMPRONIIIS  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  May  28,  1828, 
in  Williamson  county,  Tenn.  In  1861  he 
raised  a  regiment  for  the  war,  and  be 
came  its  commander.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-first  congress,  as  a 
republican. 

BOYD,  THOMAS  A.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  25,  1830,  in 
Adams  county,  Pa.  He  removed  to  Illi 
nois  in  1856;  and  entered  the  union  army 
in  1861,  and  was  commissioned  captain. 
He  was  elected  a  state  senator  in  1866, 
and  re-elected  in  1870.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty- 
fifth  and  the  forty-sixth  congresses. 

BOYDEN,  EMILY  M.  B.,  artist,  com 
poser,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1828,  in  Morris- 
ville,  N.  Y.  As  a  needle  painting  artist 
she  received  first  premium  at  the  World's 
fair  at  New  Orleans;  and  as  a  composer, 
many  of  her  pieces  are  sung  in  the  public 
schools  of  Chicago,  111. 

BOYDEN,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  16.  1796,  in 
Franklin  township,  Mass.  He  was  elected 
a  number  of  times  to  the  North  Carolina 
state  legislature;  and  was  in  congress  as 
a  representative  from  North  Carolina 
from  1847  to  1849.  In  1868  he  was  elected 
to  the  fortieth  congress. 

BOYDEN,  SETH,  inventor,  was  born 
Nov.  17,  1788,  in  Foxborough.  Mass.  He 
engaged  in  the  leather  manufacture  In 
Newark  in  1813,  invented  a  machine  for 
splitting  leather,  and  began  the  manufac 
ture  of  patent  leather  in  1819.  He  made 
the  first  malleable  iron  in  1826,  perfected 
the  first  locomotive  with  the  driving-rod 
outside  the  wheel,  and  produced  the  first 
daguerreotype  in  America.  He  died  March 
31,  1870,  in  Middleville,  N.  J. 

BOYER,  BENJAMIN  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1823,  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Pa.  He  was  district  at 
torney  for  his  native  county  from  1848 
to  1850;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-ninth 
and  the  fortieth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

BOYER,  HENRY  KLINE,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1850.  in  Evans- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  admitted  to  practice 
at  the  Philadelphia  bar  in  1837,  and  prac 
ticed  with  success  in  the  civil  courts. 
In  1882  he  was  elected  as  a  republican 
to  the  state  legislature,  securing  a  re 
election  in  1884  and  1886,  and  was  chosen 
speaker  in  the  session  of  1887.  He  be 
came  the  choice  of  republicans  and  demo 
crats  alike  for  the  speakership  in  the 
session  of  1889. 

BOYESEN,  HJALMAR  HJORTH,  was 
born  Sept.  23,  1848,  in  Norway.  He  was  a 
writer  of  Norwegian  birth,  long  resident 
in  New  York,  and 
a  professor  in  Co 
lumbia  college  at  the 
time  of  his  death. 
He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Au 
thors'  club  of  New 
York  city.  His  novels 
and  sketches  are 
pleasantly  written, 
but  as  essays  in  fic 
tion  are  not  much 
above  average  merit. 
He  was  the  author 
of  Gunnar;  A  Norseman's  Pilgrimage; 
Tales  from  Two  Hemispheres;  Falcon- 
berg;  A  Daughter  of  the  Philistines; 
Queen  Titania;  Ilka  on  the  Hill  Top  and 
Other  Stories;  Goethe  and  Schiller,  their 
Lives  and  Works;  Literary  and  Social 
Silhouettes;  The  Story  of  Norway,  an 


historical  work;  Social  Strugglers;  Es 
says  on  Scandinavian  Literature;  Essays 
on  German  Literature;  Idylls  of  Norway 
and  Other  Poems;  the  Norseland  series 
of  books  for  boys,  including:  Norseland 
Tales;  Boyhood  in  Norway;  The  Modern 
Vikings;  Against  Heavy  Odds;  and  The 
Golden  Calf.  He  died  in  1895. 

BOYKIN,  JOHN  T.,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  April  17,  1869.  in  Troup  county, 
Ga.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  edu 
cation  in  the  West  Point  public  schools, 
Ga.;  and  graduated  in  medicine  from  the 
Atlanta  medical  college.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  eminent  physician  and  sur 
geon  of  Carrabelle,  Fla.,  where  he  owns  a 
drug  store  and  takes  a  leading  part  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

BOYLAN,  WILL  MAI,  merchant,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  4,  1859,  in  Hardin  county, 
Iowa.  He  is  a  poet  of  rare  genius  and  the 
author  of  a  brochure  entitled  Life's  Pur 
est  Gold.  Many  of  his  poems  have  been 
given  a  place  in  standard  publications. 

BOYLAND,  GEORGE  HALSTED,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1845.  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  During  the  Franco- 
Prussian  war  of  1870-71  he  served  in  the 
surgical  corps  of  the  French  army,  and 
was  decorated  for  his  services.  He  was 
the  first  to  introduce  salicylic  acid  made 
from  carbolic  acid,  as  an  antiseptic,  in  the 
United  States.  Dr.  Boyland  has  been  a 
frequent  contributor  to  the  medical  and 
scientific  press  of  this  country,  and  is 
the  author  of  Six  Months  under  the  Red 
Cross  with  the  French  Army. 

BOYLE,  CHARLES  E.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1836.  in 
Uniontown,  Pa.  He  was  editor  of  the 
Genius  of  Liberty  newspaper  from  1856. 
to  1861.  He  was  elected  district  attorney 
for  Fayette  county,  in  1862,  and  served 
three  years;  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1865,  and 
re-elected  In  1866.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress,  as  a  demo 
crat. 

BOYLE,  FRANK  E.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Aug.  31,  1871,  in  Dunmore,  Pa.  After  re 
ceiving  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  common  schools,  he  attended  the 
Mount  St.  Mary's  college  of  Emmettsburg, 
Md. ;  and  has  since  attained  success  as  a 
prominent  lawyer  of  Scranton,  Pa. 

BOYLE,  JEREMIAH  TILFORD,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  military  governor,  was  born 
May  22,  1818,  in  Mercer  county,  Ky.  In 
1849,  he  advocated  with  great  zeal  the 
emancipation  of  the  slaves.  For  merit 
orious  conduct  on  the  field  in  1862  he 
was  promoted  brigadier-general.  He  was 
soon  after  placed  in  command  of  tne 
department  of  Kentucky,  assuming  the 
direction  of  military  affairs  in  the 
state,  and  during  1862-64  was  military 
governor  of  Kentucky.  He  was  president 
of  and  organized  the  original  company, 
and  under  his  direction  the  first  street 
railway  was  built  in  Louisville,  of  which 
he  was  president.  He  died  July  28,  1871. 
in  Louisville,  Ky. 

BOYLE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1774,  in 
Botetourt  county,  Va.  He  was  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Kentucky,  also  chief 
justice  of  the  state;  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Kentucky  from 
1803  to  1809,  when  he  was  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  Illinois  territory.  He  was  a  dis 
tinguished  and  successful  lawyer  and  able 
judge.  During  the  eight  years  immediate 
ly  preceding  his  death  he  was  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  for  Ken 
tucky.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1834,  in  Ken 
tucky. 


HKKKIXGSHAWS     KNCYrMJl'EDI  A     (IK    A.MKH1CAN     HUKiRAI'HY. 


137 


BOYLE,  JOHN  J.,  sculptor,  was  born 
in  1853,  in  New  York  city.  He  studied  in 
the  art  schools  of  Philadelphia  and  Paris, 
and  is  the  professor  at  the  academy  of 
fine  arts  at  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BOYLE,  JOHN  W.,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  moved  to  Dakota, 
where  he  was  appointed  an  assistant  jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  court  for  that 
territory. 

BOYLE,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  was  born 
May  10,  1812,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  serv 
ed  the  principal  churches  of  St.  Louis  as 
pastor,  and  as  presiding  elder  and  official 
relation  to  them  all.  He  died  May  3, 
1S72,  in  Lexington,  Mo. 

BOYLE,  JUNIUS  J.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  about  1802  in  Maryland.  After  nine 
years  of  sea  duty  on  board  the  frigates 
Delaware  and  Congress,  most  of  the  time 
in  the  Mediterranean,  he  served  from  1843 
till  1855  on  different  store-ships  and  in 
the  schooner  Bonito  of  the  home  squad 
ron.  He  was  commissioned  commodore 
in  1862.  He  died  Aug.  11,  1870,  in  Norfolk, 
Va. 

BOYLE,  THOMAS  N.,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  was  born  April  26,  1839,  in 
Blairsville,  Ind.  In  his  youth  he  learned 
the  printing  business,  and  became  editor 
of  the  democratic  whig  of  Columbus, 
Ohio.  He  subsequently  attended  a  theo 
logical  seminary,  and  in  1859  became  a 
clergyman  of  the  methodisi  episcopal 
church.  During  the  fall  of  1862  he  re 
cruited  three  hundred  men,  and  enlisted 
in  the  one  hundred  and  fortieth  regiment 
Pennsylvania  volunteer  infantry,  and  was 
elected  captain  of  company  H.  He  has 
received  the  degrees  of  D.  D.  and  LL.  D.; 
was  presiding  elder  for  nine  years;  twice 
a  member  of  the  general  conference;  a 
member  of  the  Centennial  conference  in 
1884;  and  a  member  of  the  book  com 
mittee  of  his  church  for  four  years.  As 
a  lecturer  he  has  few  equals,  being  a 
forceful  and  eloquent  speaker.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub 
lic;  and  also  a  high  degree  mason,  being 
grand  prelate  of  the  state  of  Ohio.  He 
is  now  pastor  of  the  West  End  methodist 
episcopal  church  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.;  and  is 
a  constant  contributor  to  current  litera 
ture. 

BOYLE,  ST.  JOHN,  railroad  president, 
financier,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1847,  in  Dan 
ville,  Ky.  In  1883  he  became  president 
of  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  and  Cory- 
don  railway;  and  is  now  vice-president 
and  treasurer  of  that  company  at  Louis 
ville,  Ky. 

BOYLSTON,  JABDIEL,  physician,  was 
born  in  1684  in  Brookfield,  Mass.  He  was 
the  first  one  to  introduce  the  practice  of 
inoculation  for  the  smallpox,  in  1720.  He 
published  several  pamphlets  on  the  sub 
ject  of  inoculation.  He  died  March  1, 
1766,  in  Brookline,  Mass. 

BOYLSTON,  NICHOLAS,  merchant. 
was  born  in  1716  in  Boston.  Mass.  At  his 
decease  he  bequeathed  £1,500  to  found  a 
professorship  of  rhetoric  and  oratory  at 
Harvard,  John  Quincy  Adams  being  in 
stalled  as  the  first  professor  in  1806.  He 
died  Aug.  18,  1771,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BOYNTON,  ADELBERT  W.,  railroad 
manager,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1852,  in  Jay, 
N.  Y.  He  was  educated  at  the  University 
of  Vermont.  He  entered  railway  service 
in  1890  as  secretary  and  passenger  agent 
of  the  Keesville,  Au  Sable  Chasm  and 
Lake  Champlain  railroad,  at  Keesville, 
N.  Y.,  and  takes  a  prominent  part  in  pub 
lic  affairs. 


BOYNTON,  CHARLES  BRANDON, 
clergyman,  was  born  June  12,  1806,  in 
Stockbridge,  Mass.  He  took  up  the  study 
of  law,  and,  after  filling  one  or  two  local 
offices,  was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts 
legislature.  During  1846-77  he  was  a  pres- 
byterian  pastor  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  with 
the  exception  of  his  terms  of  service  as 
chaplain  of  the  house  of  representatives 
in  the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  con 
gresses.  He  died  April  27.  1883,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

BOYNTON,  EDWARD  CARLISLE,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  about  1825  in  Ver 
mont.  He  is  a  United  States  army  officer 
and  the  author  of  the  History  of  West 
Point. 

BOYNTON,     ELIAS,     merchant,     poet, 
was  born  Nov.  30, 1832.  in  Peterboro,  N.  H. 
He  received  his  education   in  the  Pecer- 
boro    academy,    and 
for  many  years  was 
engaged     in     educa 
tional  work.  He  has 
been  a  justice  of  the 
peace;     secretary    of 
the  American  Boyn- 
ton   association;    di 
rector    of    the     city 
school  board  of  New 
Lisbon,  Wis.,  where 
he  has  also  filled  nu 
merous     public     of 
fices.     He   has   writ 
ten  extensively  for  the  periodical   press, 
and  his  poems  have  been  a  valuable  ac 
quisition  to  current  literature. 

BOYNTON,  HENRY  VAN  NESS,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct.  He  is  president  of 
the  Chickamauga  park  commission. 

BOYNTON.  JAMES  S.,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  May  7,  1833,  in  Henry 
county,  Georgia,  rie  attained  the  rank 
of  colonel  in  the  civil  war;  in  1866  was 
elected  judge  of  county  court,  and  in 
1883  was  elected  governor  of  Georgia. 

BOYNTON,  JOHN  PARNHAM,  scien 
tist,  inventor,  was  born  bept.  20,  1811. 
in  Groveland,  Mass.  He  has  traveled 
through  every  state  in  the  union  lectur 
ing  on  Geology  and  Natural  History  of 
Creation.  He  has  invented  a  malleable 
iron  and  steel  and  was  the  original  in 
ventor  of  the  oil-well  torpedoes.  He  died 
Oct.  20,  1890,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

BOYNTON,  JULIA  B.,  poet.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Lines  and  Interlines. 

BOYNTON,  NATHAN  SMITH,  founder 
of  the  Order  of  the  Knights  of  the  Mac 
cabees,  was  born   June  23,  1837,   in  Port 
Huron,  Mich.  He  re- 
•^MMbk.  ceived  his  education 

^9  in  the  primitive  dis- 

IL  trict  schools  and  in 
H|  1852  passed  through 
mj  ^fc^  HE  the  high  schools  at 
^1  Waukegpn,  111.  In 
1856  he  engaged  in 
mercantile  business 
in  Port  Huron. 
Mich.;  the  following 
year  he  went  to 
Ohio:  thence  to 
Cincinnati.  New  Or 
leans  and  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1862  he  en 
listed  as  a  private  in  company  C,  eighth 
regiment,  Michigan  cavalry,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant  of  company  L; 
in  1863  was  promoted  to  captain,  and  in 
the  winter  of  1864-65  was  commissioned 
major  of  his  regiment,  making  an  honor 
able  record  as  a  soldier.  Lieutenant 
Boynton,  at  the  head  of  a  detachment  of 


one  hundred  men,  cut  off  the  retreat  of 
General  John  Morgan,  whom  he  finally 
captured.  In  1868  he  was  elected  to  the 
lower  house  of  the  Michigan  state  legis 
lature;  in  1874  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Port  Huron,  receiving  the  re-election. 
For  several  years  he  was  editor  and  own 
er  of  the  Port  Huron  Press,  and  since 
1&83  has  given  his  time,  energy  and  abil 
ity  to  building  up  the  Order  of  the- 
Knights  of  the  Maccabees,  of  which  he  is 
past  supreme  commander  and  supreme 
record  keeper  and  great  commander. 

BOYTON,  PAUL,  nautical  adventurer, 
was  born  June  29.  184S,  in  Ireland.  He 
has  achieved  a  world-wide  reputation  for 
his  exploits,  among  which  are  his  cross 
ing  the  English  channel  in  twenty-four 
hours,  on  May  28,  1875. 

BOZMAN,  JOHN  LEEDS,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1757  in  Oxford,  Md.  He 
was  a  noted  Maryland  lawyer  and  was  the 
author  of  a  Historical  Sketch  of  the 
Prime  Causes  of  the  Revolutionary  War; 
and  History  of  Maryland.  He  died  in 
1823. 

BRABB,  MARVIL  I.,  merchant,  banker,, 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1847,  in  Romeo,  Mich. 
He  is  president  of  the  First  National 
bank  of  Romeo,  Mich.,  president  of  the 
Burt  and  Brabb  Lumber  company,  and 
prominently  identified  with  various  other 
business  enterprises. 

BRABSON,  REESE  B.,  congressman, 
was  oorn  in  Tennessee.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  that  stale  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  He  died  Septem 
ber,  1863,  in  Tennessee. 

BRACE,  CHARLES  LORING,  clergy 
man,  philanthropist,  author,  was  born 
June  19,  1826,  in  Litchfield,  Conn.  He 
was  a  noted  clergyman  and  philanthropist 
of  New  York  city  and  founded  the  Chil 
dren's  Aid  society,  and  gave  much  of  his- 
time  to  philanthropic  work.  He  was  the 
author  of  Norsefolk;  Home  Life  in  Ger 
many;  The  Races  of  the  Old  World;  Gesta 
Christ! ;  and  The  Dangerous  Classes  of 
New  York.  He  died  Aug.  11,  1890,  in 
Switzerland. 

BRACE,  JOHN  PEIRCE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1793,  in  Litch 
field,  Conn.  He  was  a  prominent  edu 
cator  of  Litchfleld,  Conn.,  and  was  the 
author  of  Lectures  to  Young  Converts; 
Tales  of  the  Devil;  The  Fawn  of  the  Pale 
Faces,  a  novel.  He  died  Oct.  18,  1872,  in 
Litchfield,  Conn. 

BRACE,  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  12.  1754,  in 
Harrington,  Conn.  He  was  elected  a 
judge  of  probate,  chief  judge  of  the  Hart 
ford  county  court,  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1798  to  1800.  He 
was  also  frequently  in  the  state  legisla 
ture,  at  one  time  state  attorney  for  Hart 
ford  county,  and  for  nine  years  mayor  of 
Hartford.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1837,  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 

BRACKEN,  JOHN,  college  president, 
bishop.  He  was  a  professor  of  humanity 
in  William  and  Mary  college.  In  18i- 
he  became  president,  and  in  1814  was. 
elected  bishop  of  the  Episcopal  churcn. 
He  died  July  15,  1818. 

BRACKENRIDGE,  HENRY  MARIE. 
jurist,  author,  was  born  May  11.  1786.  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  noted  Florida 
jurist  and  the  author  of  History  of  the 
Late  War  Between  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain  (1816);  Voyage  to  South 
America;  Views  of  Louisiana;  Recollec 
tions  of  Persons  and  Places  in  the  West: 
Essay  on  Trusts  and  Trustees;  and  His 
tory  of  the  Western  Insurrection.  'He 
filed  Jan.  18.  1871,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


138 


HKKRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BRACKENRIDGE,  HUGH  HENRY, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  li^S  in  Scot- 
lend.  He  was  a  Pennsylvania  lawyer 
and  humorist  whose  writing  enjoyed 
great  popularity  in  the  early  years  of  the 
cineteenth  century.  His  principal  work 
was  Modern  Chivalry,  or  the  Adventures 
of  Captain  Farrago  and  Teague  O'Regan, 
and  His  Servant,  a  rough,  sharp  piece  of 
humorous  fiction,  partaking  to  some  ex 
tent  of  the  nature  of  an  autobiography. 
He  died  Jan.  25,  1816,  in  Carlisle,  Pa. 

BRACKETT,  ALBERT  GALLATIN, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1829,  in 
Cherry  Valley,  N.Y.  He  is  a  United  States 
cavalry  officer,  and  the  author  of  General 
Lane's  Brigade  in  Central  Mexico;  and 
History  of  the  United  States  Cavalry, 
1854. 

BRACKETT,  ANNA  CALLENDER, 
author,  was  born  in  1836  in  Massachu 
setts.  She  is  an  educational  writer,  and 
the  author  of  The  Education  of  American 
Girls;  Woman  and  the  Higher  Educa 
tion:  and  The  Technique  of  Rest. 

BRACKETT,  EDWARD  AUGUSTUS, 
sculptor,  poet,  was  born  uct.  1,  1819,  in 
Vassalborough,  Maine.  He  began  his  ca 
reer  in  1838,  and  has  produced  portrait 
busts  of  Washington  Allston,  Richard 
Henry  Dana,  Bryant,  Longfellow,  Rufus 
C'hoate,  Charles  Sumner,  John  Brown, 
William  Lloyd  Garrison,  Wendell  Phil 
lips,  General  Butler,  and  others.  His 
marble  group  of  the  Shipwrecked  Mother 
?.nd  Child  is  now  the  property  of  the  Bos 
ton  athenaeum.  He  is  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  entitled  Twilight  Hours. 

BRACKETT,  J.  Q.  A.,  lawyer,  gover 
nor,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1857,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  In  1881  he  became  a  member  of 
the  common  council,  and  two  years  later 
he  became  a  member  of  the  upper  branch 
of  the  city  government.  In  1890  and  1891 
he  was  elected  governor  of  Massachusetts. 

BRACKETT,  J.  RAYMOND,  educator, 
•was  born  April  1,  1854,  in  Raymond, 
Maine.  He  attended  Bates  college,  and 
Yale  college,  and  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  B.  A.,  M.  A.,  and  Ph.  D.  For 
many  years  he  was  engaged  in  education 
al  work  in  New  England,  and  since  1884 
has  filled  the  chair  of  comparative  and 
English  literature  in  the  university  of 
Colorado,  of  which  institution  he  is  dean 
•of  the  college  of  liberal  arts. 

BRACKKiTT,  JOSHUA,  physician,  was 
born  May  5,  1773,  in  Greenland,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  zealous  patriot,  a  member  of 
the  state  committee  of  safety,  and  during 
the  revolution  was  judge  of  the  New 
Hampshire  maritime  court.  He  was  a 
founder  of  the  state  medical  society,  and 
its  president  from  1793  till  1799.  He  gave 
it  143  volumes  of  medical  works  at  its 
•establishment.  He  bequeathed  a  legacy 
to  Harvard  toward  founding  a  professor 
ship  of  natural  history.  He  died  July  17, 
1802,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

BRACKETT,  WALTER  M.,  artist,  was 
born  June  14,  1823,  in  Unity,  Maine.  He 
gave  his  attention  to  portraits  and  ideal 
heads,  and  executed  likenesses  of  Charles 
Sumner,  Edward  Everett,  and  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes.  He  also  painted  por 
traits  of  the  first  four  secretaries  of  war, 
for  the  war  department  at  Washington. 

BRACKLIN,  JAMES,  business  man, 
public  official,  was  born  April  28,  1839,  in 
Patten,  Maine.  Since  1858  he  has  been 
connected  with  the  business  and  public 
affairs  of  Menomonee,  Wis.,  excepting 
eight  years  with  the  Northwestern  Lum- 
lier  company  of  Eau  Claire.  In  1886  he 
•  i.n  for  congress  on  the  Democratic  ticket, 
''e  has  fillofl  numerous  public  offices  of 
t:-ust,  and  has  twice  been  mayor -of  Rice 
1  nke,  Wis. 


BRADBURY,  ALBERT  WILLIAM, 
soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  in  1840  in  Ca 
lais,  Maine.  He  served  in  the  civil  war 
in  Sheridan's  army,  and  was  appointed 
chief  of  the  artillery  of  the  army  of  the 
Shenandoah.  He  came  to  the  bar  in  1867; 
has  been  city  solicitor  of  Portland;  and 
was  appointed  U.  S.  district  attorney  for 
Maine  in  1894. 

BRADBURY,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1770 
in  Portland,  Maine.  From  1806  to  1810 
he  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature, 
and  also  in  1811  and  1812.  In  1812  he  was 
chosen  to  represent  the  Cumberland  dis 
trict,  Massachusetts,  in  congress.  Mr. 
Bradbury  received  the  approbation  of  a 
second  election  in  1814.  After  this  ser 
vice  he  returneu  to  his  profession,  which 
he  pursued  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
was  a  state  senator  in  1822.  He  died  Nov. 
7,  1823,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

BRADBURY,  GEORGE  LEWIS,  sol 
dier,  railroad  manager,  was  born  March 
10,  1843,  in  Nova  Scotia.  He  served  in 
the  army  from  Massachusetts  from  1861 
to  1865,  serving  from  private  up  to  cap 
tain.  Since  then  he  has  been  in  tne  rail 
road  service  as  conductor,  agent,  general 
agent,  general  freight  agent,  general 
manager,  and  vice-president. 

BRADBURY,  HENRY  KNIGHT,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  October,  1827,  in 
Hollis,  Maine.  He  has  held  county  and 
town  offices,  and  has  represented  his 
town  in  the  legislature  of  Maine  for  three 
terms. 

BRADBURY,  JAMES  WARE,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1805 
in  York  county,  Maine.  In  1825  he  grad 
uated  from  Bowdoin 
college,  and  became 
a  noted  lawyer;  and 
was  county  attorney 
during  1834-38.  In 
1844  he  was  presi 
dential  elector;  and 
during  1847-53  was 
United  States  sena 
tor  from  Maine, 
serving  as  chair 
man  of  the  commit 
tee  on  printing.  He 
was  county  attorney 
during  1834-38,  and  filled  many  public 
positions  of  honor  in  his  city,  county  and 
state.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Maine  Historical  society. 

BRADBURY,  OSGOOD  N.,  physician, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1828,  in 
Norway,  Maine.  Since  1864  he  has  prac 
ticed  medicine  and  surgery.  During  the 
civil  war  he  was  surgeon  of  the  United 
States  army  for  two  years;  and  for  thir 
teen  years  United  States  examining  sur 
geon  for  pensions.  He  served  in  the 
Maine  state  legislature  for  one  year,  and 
for  two  years  was  a  member  of  the  sen 
ate. 

BRADBURY,  THEOPHILUS,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1739,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  chosen  to 
represent  the  Essex  district  in  congress 
from  1795  to  1797,  when  he  resigned.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1801,  and  in 
1797  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Massachusetts.  He  died 
Sept.  6,  1803. 

BRADBURY,  WILLIAM  BATCHEL- 
DER,  musician,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1816,  in 
York,  Maine.  In  1840  he  began  teaching 
in  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  where  he 
gained  popularity  by  his  free  singing- 
schools,  and  by  his  concerts,  at  which  the 
performers,  all  children,  sometimes  num 
bered  1,000.  He  died  Jan.  7,  1868,  in 
Montclair,  N.  J. 


BRADBURY,  WILLIAM  FROTHING- 
HAM,  educator,  author,  was  born  May 
17,  1829,  in  Westminster,  Mass.  He  at 
tended  the  West 
minster  academy, 
and  in  1856  gradu 
ated  from  Amherst 
gt  jAfct--'^^Htt  college.  He  is  one 
of  the  most  promi 
nent  educators  In 
America,  and  is  now 
the  head  master  in 
the  Cambridge  Lat 
in  school.  He  is  the 
author  of  Sight 
Arithmetic;  and 
several  mathemati 
cal  text  books.  He  is  the  inventor  and 
patentee  of  a  device  for  illustrating  the 
metric  system  of  weights  and  measures. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Cambridge  city 
government  two  years;  and  for  thirty- 
three  years  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Handel  and  Haydn  society,  and  one  of  its 
directors  for  more  than  fifteen  years  past. 
BRADDOCK,  JOHN  S.,  business  man, 
state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  i3,  1844, 
near  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  town  and  county,  and  graduated 
from  the  high  school  of  Fredericktown. 
He  served  with  distinction  as  a  represent 
ative  in  the  general  assembly  of  the  Ohio 
state  legislature;  and  was  subsequently 
a  state  senator,  and  served  on  several  im 
portant  committees.  In  1888  he  was  a 
candidate  for  congress  from  the  ninth 
Ohio  district.  He  is  a  successful  real  es 
tate  dealer,  and  president  of  the  Brad- 
dock  Land  and  Granite  company  of  Little 
Rock,  Ark.  His  home  is  still  in  the  place 
of  his  nativity. 

BRADEN,  MRS.  EMILY,  poet,  was 
born  in  England.  She  is  a  writer  of 
Chariton,  Iowa;  and  a  constant  contrib 
utor  of  poems  to  the  periodical  press  of 
the  west. 

BRADEN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1826,  in 
New  York  city.  He  has  attained  promi 
nence  as  a  successful  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church;  and  is  the 
president  of  the  Central  Tennessee  col 
lege  of  Nashville. 

BRADFORD,  ALDEN,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  19,  1765,  in  Duxbury,  Mass.  He 
was  secretary  of  state  for  Massachusetts 
in  1812-24.  He  was  the  author  of  Eulogy 
on  Washington ;  History  of  Massachusetts, 
1764-1820;  Life  of  Jonathan  Mayhew; 
History  of  the  Federal  Government;  Bi 
ographical  Notices  of  Distinguished  Men 
of  Massachusetts;  and  New  England 
Chronology,  1497-1843.  He  died  Oct.  26, 
1843,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BRADFORD,  ALEXANDER  WAR- 
FIELD,  jurist,  author,  was  born  in  1815, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  New  York  Ju 
rist  of  prominence.  He  edited  American 
Antiquities,  and  prepared  many  volumes 
of  legal  reports,  among  which  the  six 
commonly  called  Bradford's  Reports  have 
become  standard  authority.  He  died  Nov. 
5,  1867,  in  New  York  city. 

BRADFORD,  ALLEN  A.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  July  23,  1815, 
in  Friendship,  Maine.  In  1852  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Iowa,  which  office  he  resigned  in 

1855.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legislative 
council   of  the   territory   of  Nebraska  in 

1856,  1857,  and  1858.     In  1860  he  settled 
in  Colorado,  and  in  1862  he  was  appoint 
ed  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  that  ter 
ritory,  which  position  he  held  until  elect 
ed  a  delegate  from  Colorado  to  the  thir 
ty-ninth  congress;   and  was  re-elected  to 
Ihe  forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


139 


BRADFORD,  AMORY  HOWE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1846,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Montclair,  N.  J.,  and  the  author 
of  The  Pilgrim  in  Old  England;  Old 
Wine;  New  Bottles;  Spirit  and  Life, 
Thought  for  To-Day;  and  Heredity  and 
Christian  Problems. 

BRADFORD.  ANDREW  SOWLES. 
printer,  journalist,  was  born  in  1686,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  the  only  prin 
ter  in  Pennsylvania  from  1712  to  1723.  On 
Dec.  22,  1719,  he  began  the  publication  of 
the  first  newspaper  printed  in  the  mid 
dle  colonies,  the  American  Weekly  Mer 
cury.  Benjamin  Franklin,  upon  arriving 
in  Philadelphia  in  1723,  found  employ 
ment  as  a  compositor  in  his  printing 
office.  Andrew  Bradford  was  postmaster 
of  Philadelphia  in  1732.  He  kept  a  book 
store  at  the  sign  of  the  Bible  in  Second 
street  in  1735,  and  in  1738  removed  to 
South  Front  street.  In  1741  he  started  a 
periodical  called  the  American  Magazine. 
He  died  Nov.  23,  1742. 

BRADFORD,  AUGUSTUS  W.,  gover 
nor,  was  born  about  1805,  in  Maryland. 
In  1862  he  was  elected  governor  of  that 
state,  serving  as  such  until  1866.  He  died 
March  1,  1881. 

BRADFORD,  EDWARD  G.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  settled  at  Wil 
mington,  Del.;  and  in  1871  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  district  of 
Delaware. 

BRADFORD,  ELLEN  KNIGHT,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  Ypsilanti,  Mich. 
Among  the  best  known  of  her  poems  are 
the  hymn  Over  the  Line;  Wearing  of  the 
Blue;  Elberon;  Centennial;  and  Songs  of 
Real  Children. 

BRADFORD,  GAMALIEL,  soldier,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1731,  in  Duxbury, 
Mass.  He  was  a  descendant  of  Governor 
William  Bradford  and  son  of  Judge  Gam 
aliel  Bradford.  He  served  in  the  French 
war  as  captain  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
major.  During  the  revolutionary  war  he 
commanded  the  fourteenth  Massachusetts 
regiment  of  continentals.  After  the  war 
he  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  and  a 
judge.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1807,  In  Duxbury, 
Mass. 

BRADFORD,  GAMALIEL,  political 
writer,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1831,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  graduated  from  Harvard  in 
1849.  He  is  the  principal  advocate  for 
the  admission  of  cabinet  officers  to  a  seat 
and  voice  in  congress,  without  the  right 
of  voting. 

BRADFORD,  IRA  B.,  lawyer,  banker, 
legislator,  was  born  June  24,  1851,  in  Ful 
ton.  Wis.  He  graduated  from  the  New 
Hampshire  conference  seminary,  and 
attained  eminence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Augusta,  Wis.,  of  which  city  he  has  been 
mayor.  In  1880  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Wisconsin  assembly;  and  the  following 
year  was  made  speaker  of  that  body.  He 
can  trace  his  lineage  back  to  the  celebra 
ted  Gov.  Bradford  of  the  Massachusetts 
colony;  and  the  republicans  of  Chippewa 
Valley  have  abiding  faith  in  the  future  of 
Mr.  Bradford,  and  insist  that  he  will  yet 
be  made  governor  of  Wisconsin. 

BRADFORD.  JAMES  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1836,  in  Grafton, 
Vt.  He  has  been  chaplain  of  Garfield 
post.  G.  A.  R..  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  from 
its  inception;  and  has  served  in  the  same 
capacity  for  one  year  in  the  department 
of  the  Potomac.  He  is  director  and  treas 
urer  of  the  temporary  home  for  soldiers 
and  sailors;  secretary  of  the  Boys'  and 
Girls'  Home  and  Employment  association. 
and  of  the  Manassas  School  for  Colored 
Youth. 


BRADFORD,  JOHN,  journalist,  state 
legislator,  author,  was  born  in  1749,  in 
Fauquier  county,  Va.  In  1789  he  estab 
lished  the  Kentucky  Gazette;  was  elected 
several  times  to  the  Kentucky  state  leg 
islature;  and  was  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  Notes  on  Kentucky.  He  died  in 
1830  in  Lexington,  Ky. 

BRADFORD,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  March  12,  1838.  in  Cone- 
cuh  county,  Ala.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  Green  coun 
ty,  Miss.;  and  grad 
uated  from  the  Sa 
lem  high  school.  He 
was  educated  a  mer 
chant]  was  clerk  of 
court  in  Hancock 
county  for  eight 
years;  and  in  1871 
was  elected  to  the 
Mississippi  state 
legislature.  During 
the  war  he  served  as 
a  confederate  cap 
tain  in  Johnson's  army.  In  1868  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  practiced  his 
profession  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  For 
ten  years  he  was  statistical  agent  of  his 
county  for  the  department  of  agriculture 
of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is  now  princi 
pally  engaged  in  farming,  stock-raising, 
and  fruit-growing  at  Augusta,  Miss. 

BRADFORD,  JOSEPH  M.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Nov.  4,  1824,  in  Sumner  county, 
Tenn.  He  was  fleet  captain  of  the  South 
Atlantic  blockading  squadron  from  No 
vember,  1863,  till  June,  1865,  during 
which  period  he  saw  severe  service  and 
performed  his  difficult  duties  to  the  satis 
faction  of  his  superior  officers.  He  died 
April  14,  1872,  in  Norfolk,  Va. 

BRADFORD,  ROBERT,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1750  in  Plymouth,  Mass.  He 
served  through  the  revolutionary  war, 
from  Bunker  Hill  to  Yorktown.  and  was 
present  at  many  important  engagements. 
He  held  the  rank  of  major  and  was  pre 
sented  by  Lafayette  with  a  sword  for  gal 
lantry.  He  died  in  1823  in  Belpre,  Ohio. 

BRADFORD,  TAUL,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
20,  1835,  in  Mardisville,  Ala.  He  prac 
ticed  law  from  the  age  of  twenty,  except 
ing  during  the  civil  war,  when  he  served 
in  the  confederate  army.  In  1871  he  was 
elected  to  the  Alabama  legislature,  and 
served  two  sessions;  and  in  1874  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Alabama  to 
the  forty-lourth  congress. 

BRADFORD,  THOMAS,  soldier,  prin 
ter,  journalist,  was  born  May  4.  ]74r>,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  After  leaving  the  col 
lege  of  Philadelphia  he  entered  his  fath 
er's  printing  office,  and  became  his  part 
ner  and  associate  editor  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Journal,  which  he  transformed  into 
the  True  American  in  1801.  In  1775  he  be 
came  captain  of  a  military  company  in 
Philadelphia,  and  later  was  commissary- 
general  of  the  Pennsylvania  division  of 
the  continental  army.  After  the  estab 
lishment  of  the  federal  government  he 
became  printer  to  congress.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Philosophical  so 
ciety.  He  died  May  7,  1S33,  in  Pniladel- 
phia,  Pa. 

BRADFORD,  THOMAS  LINDSLEY, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Jun?  6,  1847, 
in  Francestown,  N.  H.  He  is  a  physician 
of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  A 
Homeopathic  Biography  of  the  United 
States  from  the  years  1825  to  1891;  and 
is  at  present  engaged  on  a  Life  of  Hah- 
nemann. 

BRADFORD.  WILLIAM,  governor,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  March.  1588,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  governor  of  the  Plymouth 


colony,  1621-57.  He  left  in  manuscript  a 
History  of  Plymouth  Plantation,  the  lei 
surely  composition  of  twenty  years, 
which  was  drawn  from  by  Morton, 
Prince,  and  Hutchinson  as  a  basis  for 
their  respective  histories,  and  after  be 
ing  lost  for  nearly  a  century  was  found 
in  the  library  of  the  bishop  of  London  in 
1855,  and  published  soon  after.  He  was 
the  earliest  American  historian,  and  his 
work  exhibits  judicial  impartiality,  broad 
conceptions,  and  a  direct,  vigorous  style. 
He  died  May  9,  1657,  in  Plymouth,  Mass. 

BRADFORD,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  prin 
ter,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1719, 
in  New  York.  In  Ini  he  went  to  Eng 
land,  and  the  next  year  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia  with  printing  material  and 
a  library,  and  on  Dec.  2,  1742,  issued  the 
first  number  of  the  Pennsylvania  Journal. 
When  the  revolutionary  war  began  he 
joined  the  Pennsylvania  militia.  As  a  ma 
jor,  and  afterward  a  colonel,  he  fought 
in  the  battles  of  Trenton  and  Princeton. 
He  died  Sept.  25,  1791,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BRADFORD,  WILLIAM,  physician, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  4, 
1729,  in  Plympton,  Mass.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Rhode  Island  committee  of  cor 
respondence  in  1773,  was  chosen  deputy 
governor  of  Rhode  Island  the  same  year, 
and  was  elected  a  delegate  from  Rhode 
Island  to  the  continental  congress,  but 
never  took  his  seat.  In  1793  he  was  elect 
ed  United  States  senator  from  Rhode  Isl 
and.  In  1797  he  was  chosen  president  of 
the  senate  pro  tempore,  and  later  in  that 
year  he  resigned  his  seat.  He  died  July 
6,  1808,  in  Bristol,  R.  I. 

BRADFORD,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  14, 
1755,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  At  the  out 
break  of  the  revolution  he  entered  the 
army  as  major  of  brigade  and  became 
lieutenant-colonel.  In  1790  he  was  ap 
pointed  attorney-general  of  the  state; 
and  in  1791  was  commissioned  as  judge 
of  the  supreme  court,  which  office  he  held 
until  1794,  when  he  was  appointed  at 
torney-general  of  the  United  States.  In 
1793  he  published  an  Inquiry  how  Far  the 
Punishment  of  Death  is  Necessary  in 
Pennsylvania,  with  notes  and  illustra 
tions;  and  in  the  earlier  periods  of  his 
life  some  of  his  poetical  productions  were 
published  in  the  Philadelphia  Magazine. 
He  died  Aug.  23,  1795. 

BRADFORD,  WILLIAM,  painter,  was 
born  in  1827,  in  New  Bedford,  Mass.  He 
began  by  painting  ships  at  Lynn  and  in 
sketches  of  coasts  not  before  visited  by 
artists.  He  died  April  25,  1892,  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass. 

BRADISH,  LUTHER,  statesman,  was 
born  Sept.  15,  1783,  in  Cummington,  Mass. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  as 
sembly  in  1827-30,  and  in  1835-8.  He  was 
lieutenant-governor  in  1829-43;  and  as 
sistant  United  States  treasurer  at  New 
York  during  Fillmore's  administration. 
He  died  Aug.  30,  1863,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

BRADLEE,  CALEB  DAVIS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1831,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard,  in 
1852,  and  in  1854  became  pastor  of  the 
Allen  street  church  of  Cambridge,  where 
he  remained  for  three  years.  In  1864  he 
took  charge  of  the  church  of  the  Redeem 
er,  Boston,  where  he  has  since  remained. 
He  has  published  sermons,  notably  one 
on  the  death  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  and 
has  also  contributed  prose  and  verse  to 
newspapers  and  periodicals,  especially 
the  New  England  Historical  and  Genea 
logical  Register.  He  is  the  author  of 
Sermons  for  the  Church;  Sermons  for  All 
Serfs;  and  Life  of  Starr  King. 


140 


xvoiaaivv  jo  viaadtriOAOxa   S.M.VHS:>KI!I;IMH 


BRADLEY,  ALEXANDER,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1812,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  In  1845,  with  his  brother 
Charles,  he  formed  the  firm  of  A.  Brad 
ley  and  Co.,  and  entered  upon  the  manu 
facture  of  stoves;  and  toward  the  end  of 
his  active  management  produced  21,000 
stoves  a  year.  He  finally  retired  from 
that  industry,  leaving  the  business  to  his 
thirtieth  congress.  He  died  Aug.  5,  1847. 
in  New  York  city. 

BRADLEY,  JAMES,  jurist.  He  was  a 
resident  of  Indiana;  and  was  appointed 
an  associate  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Nebraska. 

BRADLEY,  JAMES,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  legislator,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
16,  1835,  in  Missouri.  He  served  through 
the  war  as  a  private  in  Cockrell's  brig 
ade.  He  is  a  clergyman  and  the  author 
of  a  work  entitled  Confederate  Mail  Car 
riers,  or  History  of  the  War  in  Missouri, 
Arkansas,  Mississippi,  Alabama,  Georgia 
and  Tennessee.  He  has  also  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Missouri 
state  legislature. 

BRADLEY,  JOHN  E.,  edurator,  lectur 
er,  college  president,  was  born  Aug.  8. 
1839.  in  Lee,  Mass.  He  graduated  from 
Williams  college  in  1865,  and  at  once 
entered  the  profession  of  teaching  in  the 
high  schools  of  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  Albany. 
N.  Y.,  and  Minneapolis.  Minn.  In  18.^2 
he  became  president  of  the  Illinois  col 
lege  of  Jacksonville,  111.;  and  has  become 
widely  known  as  a  speaker  and  writer 
on  educational  topics. 

BRADLEY,  JOSEPH  P.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  March  14,  1813.  in 
Berne,  N.  Y.  He  became  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States  in  1870;  and  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1868.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1892,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

BRADLEY,  ALOYSIUS,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  lecturer,  was  born  in  1866,  in  Ma- 
con,  111.  He  attended  St.  Benedict's  col 
lege  of  Atchison,  Kan.;  and  graduated 
from  the  college  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  In 
1891  he  founded  the  Abbey  Student,  a 
magazine  of  which  he  is  editor  and  own 
er.  He  fills  the  chair  of  professor  of  lit 
erary  criticism,  belles-lettres  and  mental 
philosophy,  in  St.  Benedict's  college,  of 
which  institution  he  has  also  served  as 
librarian. 

BRADLEY,  CHARLES  TRUEWORTH, 
manufacturer,  banker,  was  born  Jan.  5, 
1818,  in  Haverhill,  Mass.  In  1843  he  went 
to  Milwaukee  and  established  a  jobbing 
and  manufacturing  business,  which  they 
have  continued  on  the  same  ground  for 
nearly  fifty  years;  and  he  has  been  for 
more  than  twenty  years  president  of  the 
Milwaukee  national  bank. 

BRADLEY.  DENIS,  R.  C.  bishop,  was 
born  in  1846,  in  Ireland.  He  was  or 
dained  in  1871,  and  stationed  at  the  ca 
thedral  in  Portland.  Maine,  where  he  re 
mained  nine  years,  filling  the  offices  of 
chancellor  of  the  diocese  and  rector  of 
the  cathedral.  He  was  then  appointed 
pastor  of  St.  Joseph's  church,  Manches 
ter,  N.  H.,  and  in  1884  was  consecrated 
bishop  of  Manchester. 

BRADLEY,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April,  1808,  in  East  Bloomfield,  N.  Y. 
When  twenty-eight  years  of  age  he  was 
appointed  associate  judge  of  the  common 
pleas  of  his  native  county;  and  in  1839 
he  removed  to  Michigan  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law.  In  1842  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  senate  of  Michigan;  and  was 
a  representative  from  that  state  to  the 
son. 


BRADLEY,  LEONIDAS  HAMALINE, 
lawyer,  was  born  July  23,  1841,  in  Patriot, 
Ohio.  In  1861  he  graduated  from  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of 
B.  A.;  and  subse 
quently  received  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  He 
served  as  a  union 
soldier  during  the 
civil  war  for  three 
years;  and  was  as 
sistant  acting  adju 
tant-general  at  Fort 
Pickering,  Memphis. 
Tenn.  In  1866  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  supreme 
court  of  Illinois.  He  lived  in  Springfield, 
111.,  during  1865-86,  and  there  took  an  ac 
tive  part  in  local  affairs;  was  a  member 
of  the  city  council,  and  assistant  United 
States  attorney  for  the  southern  district 
of  Illinois,  and  was  instrumental  in 
breaking  up  the  whisky  r.ng  during  1868- 
73.  He  then  removed  to  Omaha,  Neb., 
where  he  holds  a  place  in  the  front  ranks 
as  an  able  lawyer. 

BRADLEY,  LEWIS  R..  legislator,  gov- 
.ernor,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1805,  in  Osage 
county,  Va.  In  1860  he  was  elected  to 
the  California  state  legislature.  In  1866 
he  removed  to  Nevada;  and  in  1870  was 
elected  governor  of  that  state,  and  re- 
elected  in  1874. 

BRADLEY,  LUTHER  PRENTICE,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  8.  1822, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  entered  the 
volunteer  army  Oct.  15.  1861.  as  lieuten 
ant-colonel  fifty-first  Illinois  infantry. 

BRADLEY.  MARY  EMILY  NEELY. 
author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1834,  in 
Easton,  Md.  For  forty  years  she  resided 
in  New  York  city  with  her  husband,  and 
since  his  death,  in  1893,  has  lived  in 
Washington.  She  has  been  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  best  periodicals  of 
the  day.  and  has  published  many  books 
well  known  in  Sunday-school  libraries 
for  young  people;  and  also  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  The  Hidden  Sweetness. 
Her  most  notable  prose  works  are:  Doug 
lass  Farm;  Story  of  a  Summer;  Brave 
Girls;  and  Grace's  Visit. 

BRADLEY,  NATHAN  B.,  jurist,  legis 
lator,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  28,  1831,  in  Lee.  Mass.  He  was 
elected  a  justice  of  the  pjace  three  terms; 
a  supervisor  one  term;  an  alderman  three 
terms;  and  was  the  first  mayor  of  Bay 
City,  Mich.,  declining  a  renomination. 
He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1866, 
but  declined  a  renomination;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  and  forty- 
fourth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

BRADLEY.  NATHANIEL  LYMAN, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1829,  in 
Cheshire,  Conn.  He  has  served  the  city 
as  alderman  and 
acting  mayor;  is 
president  of  the 
Meriden  Park  com 
pany,  and  president 
of  the  Meriden  hos 
pital.  The  Bradley 
and  Hubbard  Manu 
facturing  company, 
from  a  small  con 
cern  .  employing 
only  six  workmen, 
has  grown  to  own 
and  occupy  an  im 
mense  plant  of  brick  buildings,  with  a 
floor  area  of  nearly  seven  acres,  employ 
ing  about  1,500  operatives,  with  offices 
and  sales  rooms  in  New  York.  Boston. 
Chicago  and  Philade'phia. 


BRADLEY,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Fryeburg,  Maine.  In  1820  ue 
graduated  from  Bowdoin  college,  and  at 
tained  success  as  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  New  England.  During  1824- 
45  he  practiced  his  profession  at  Hollis, 
and  died  in  1849  in  Saco,  Maine. 

BRADLEY,  STEPHEN  ROE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  United  States  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1754.  in  Walling- 
ford,  Conn.  He  was  the  first  senator 
from  Vermont  in  the  congress  of  the 
United  States,  serving  from  1791  to  179a, 
and  from  1801  to  1813.  He  died  Dec.  9, 
1830,  in  Walpole,  N.  H. 

BRADLEY,  THOMAS  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  2.  1870,  in  New 
York  city.  He  taught  in  the  public 
schools  of  New 
York  city  from  1887 
until  1891,  at  the 
same  time  attending 
t  h  e  university  law 
school,  from  which 
institution  he  was. 
graduated  as  a 
bachelor  of  laws  in 
1889.  In  1891  he 
was  appointed  a 
deputy  assistant  dis 
trict  attorney  of  the 
county  of  New 

York,  which  position  he  held  till  July, 
1895,  when  he  resigned  to  attend  to  nis 
private  law  practice.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  the  regular 
democratic  candidate. 

BRADLEY,  WARREN  IVES,  author, 
was  born  March  20,  1847,  in  Forestville, 
Conn.  He  published,  under  the  pen-name 
of  Glance  Gaylord,  books  for  children. 
These  include  Boys  at  Dr.  Murray's;  Gil 
bert  Starr  and  his  Lessons;  Uncle  Don- 
nie's  Home;  Culm  Rock,  the  Story  of  a 
Year,  for  which  he  received  a  prize  of 
$350  over  seventy-two  competitors;  Gay 
Cottage;  Gilbert's  Last  Summer  at  Rains- 
ford,  and  What  it  Taught;  Will  Rood's 
Friendship;  After  Years;  Donald  Deane 
and  his  Cross;  Jack  Arcombe,  the  Story 
of  a  Waif;  Miss  Patience  Hathaway;  and 
Mr.  Pendleton's  Cup.  He  died  June  15, 
1868,  in  Forestville,  Conn. 

BRADLEY,  WILLIAM  CZAR,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
23,  1782,  in  Westminster,  Vt.  In  1806  and 
1807  he  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature;  in  1812,  a  member  of  the 
state  council;  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1813  to  1815;  again  in  con 
gress  from  1823  to  1827;  in  1850  again  in 
the  state  legislature;  in  1856  a  president 
ial  elector;  and  in  1857  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention.  In  1858 
he  took  formal  leave  of  the  bar,  at  which 
he  had  practiced  for  fifty-four  years.  He 
died  March  3,  1867,  in  Westminster,  Vt. 

BRADLEY,  WILLIAM  L.,  manufactur 
er,  was  born  in  1826,  in  Cheshire,  Conn. 
He  built  a  factory  in  the  back  bay  dis 
trict  of  Boston,  and  transacted  a  business 
in  the  manufacture  of  fertilizers  the  first 
year,  which  now  employs  over  fifteen 
hundred  men  and  a  capital  of  over  $4,- 
000,000.  In  1872  Mr.  Bradley  organized 
the  Bradley  Fertilizer  company. 

BRADLEY,  WILLIAM  O'CONNELL. 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  March  18, 
1847,  near  Lancaster,  Ky.  In  1875  he  was 
nominated  for  United  States  senator,  and 
received  the  vote  of  his  party  in  that 
body:  and  in  1876  made  the  race  as  the 
republican  candidate  for  congress,  but 
was  defeated.  In  1896  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Kentucky  as  a  republican. 


BRADSHAW,  GEORGE  S.,  lawyer  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  April  5,  1856  in 
Alamance  county,  N.  C.  He  received  a 

borough    education,     and   soon   attained 
prominence  as  an  eminent  lawyer  in  1 
native  state  at  Greensboro.    During  1881- 

3  he  served  with  distinction  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  North  Carolina  state  leglsS- 
ture;  was  clerk  of  the  superior  court- 
and  during  1883-94  was  probate  judge 
He  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  pub 
ic  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state- 
is  trustee  of  the  Trinity  college  of  North 
Carolina,  and  also  of  the  university  of 
North  Carolina.  He  is  also  a  successful 
•editor,  and  has  contributed  extensively 
to  periodical  literature. 

KRADSHAW,  SAMUEL  C.  physician 
congressman,  was  born  June'lO  1809  n 
Plumstead,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative 

state  to  the 


HERRXNOSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERXCAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BRADWELL,    MYRA.     lawyer      editor 

vT  Tb°«  J^   12'    1831'   in   Manchester; 
In  1852  she  studied  law  under  the  in- 

Rr^ ?  n  °f  i?"'  husband-  J«dge  James  B. 
Bradwell,  whose  father  was  one  of  the 
leading  pwneers  of  Illinois.  She  was  the 
?im  ~Vn  America  to  ask  'or  admis! 
ftp  T  i  xTban  About  187°  she  Bunded 
the  Legal  News,  the  first  weekly  legal  Da 

SalPa 


141 

Auburndale,  Mass.  This  eminent  clergy 
man  has  traveled  extensively  in  Europe- 
^,-,madeJe,n  ^P*  to  Europe,  Asia  a'nd 


BRADSTREET,     ALBION     GILBERT. 

civil  engineer,  lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  30 

1852    in  North  Bridgton.     In  1879  he  was 

elected   by   Bridgton  a  representative  to 

he   Maine   legislature,   and  re-elected   in 

In   1881   he  was   appointed   actin-g 

general  manager    and  chief    engineer  3 

Tehuantepec    Inter-Ocean     Railroad 

•company    a  large  and  important  organi 

zation   which   is   engaged    in    building   a 

r  he 


1895,  in  Chicago,  111. 

BRADY,  HUGH,  soldier,  was  born  in 
July,  1768,  in  Northumberland  county 
^f'leS.?  was  breyetted  brigadier-general 

ijs^z,  and  major-general  in  1848.  He 
distinguished  himself  at  Lundy's  l^ane 

Chippewa,  and  at  Niagara,  and  was 
wounded  in  the  two  latter  engagements. 
Stationed  at  Detroit  during  the  patriot 
disturbances  in  Canada,  he  contributed 
f,r!a  iL^_the  Pre,s.elTation  of  peace  on 
He  died  April  15,  1851,  in 


BRADSTREET,  MRS.  ANNE  DUDLEY 
author,  was  born  about  1612  in  England' 
She  was  the  first  American  woman  of  let 
ters,   and   called   by    her   contemporaries 
ihe   Tenth   Muse.     Her   prose   work    in 
cludes  a  brief  autobiographic  sketch,  Re 
ligious  Experiences;    Meditations    Divine 
and   Moral,   a   series    of   shrewd,     strong 
aphorisms.     In     her     lifetime     she     was 
known  only  as  a  poet,  and  her  verse   the 
bulk  of  which  is  considerable,  comprises 
elegies,  epitaphs.     She  was  the  author  of 
The  Four  Monarchies,  a  rhymed  chroni 
cle  of  ancient    history;     The   Four    Ele 
ments;   The  Four  Humors  of  Man-    The 
?our  Ages  of  Man;   The  Four  Seasons  of 
the  Year;  Dialogue  between  Old  England 
and  New;   and  Contemplations.     She  fol 
lowed  artificial  models,  and  her  lines  re 
flect  the  grotesque  conceits  of  the  time 
but   here  and   there   are   gleams   of   real 
poetic  vigor,  while  in  the  poem  Contem 
plations,   the   least   labored  of   them   all 
she  exhibits  true  poetic  inspiration.     She 
died  Sept.  16,  1672. 

BRADSTREET,  JOHN,  soldier  was 
born  in  1711,  in  England.  He  participa 
ted  in  the  attack  on  Ticonderoga  in  1758 
after  which  he  was  made  full  quarter 
master-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel 
He  captured  Fort  Frontenac,  which  he 
razed  to  the  ground,  and  destroyed  such 
stores  as  could  not  be  removed.  He 
served  under  Amherst  in  his  expedition 
against  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point  in 
1759,  received  his  colonelcy  in  February, 
1762,  and  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of 
major-general  in  1772.  During  Pontiac's 
war  he  commanded  an  expedition  against 
the  western  Indians,  with  whom  he  nego 
tiated  a  treaty  of  peace  in  Detroit  in 
1764.  He  died  Sept.  25,  1774,  in  New 
York  city. 

BRADSTREET,  SIMON,  colonial  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1603  in  England.  He 
emigrated  to  Massachusetts  in  1630,  and 
in  1673  was  chosen  deputy  governor,  and 
held  this  position  until  1679,  when  he 
was  appointed  governor.  He  resigned 
this  office  in  1686,  but  was  chosen  gover 
nor  again  three  years  later,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  until  1692.  He  died 
March  27,  1697,  in  Salem,  Mass 


BRADY,  JAMES  D.,  soldier,  jurist 
congressman,  was  born  April  3  1843  in 
Portsmouth,  Va.  He  served  throughout 
the  civil  war,  rising  through  all  the  in- 
T™,™16  Srades'  to  the  rank  of  colonel. 
0  and  1884  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
republican  national  conventions;  and  has 
been  a  prominent  member  of  all  state  re 
publican  conventions  in  Virginia  since 
the  close  of  the  war.  In  1884  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress. 

BRADY,  JAMES  T.,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  9,  1815,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
appointed  district  attorney  in  1843  for 
New  York,  and  in  1845  corporation  attor 
ney.  He  died  Feb.  9,  1869,  in  New  York 
city. 

BRADY,  JASPER  E.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1847  to  1849.  He  died  Jan 
23,  1870,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BRADY,  JOHN  R,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1821,  in  New  York  city.  He  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  New 
York  city,  and  in  1855  was  elected  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  In  1869 
he  was  elected  to  the  supreme  bench  and 
in  1877  assigned  to  be  a  general  term 
judge,  which  office  he  held  till  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  died  March  16  1891  in 
New  York  city. 

BRADY,   THOMAS   J.,  soldier,   lawyer 
journalist,   public  official,  was  born  Feb 
12,  1839,  in  Muncie,  Ind.     He  received  a 
common  school  education;   taught  school 
for  several  years  in  Muncie  and  vicinity- 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1860.     He  entered  the  union  army  in 
il  as  captain;   was  promoted  major  in 
1862,  and  to  a  colonelcy  in  1863;   served 
throughout  the  civil  war,  and  was  mus 
tered   out  of  service  with  the   last  regi 
ment,  in  1865,  as  brevet  brigadier-general 
for  long  and  meritorious  service     He  re 
sumed    the    practice   of    law    at    Muncie 
Ind.,   and   became  the    publisher  of    the 
Muncie  Weekly  Times.     In   1870  he  was 
appointed   United     States    consul   at    St 
Thomas,  Wesl   Indies.     In    1874   he  was 
made   chairman   of  the  republican   state 
central  committee  of  Indiana;  in  1875  was 
appointed  supervisor  of  internal  revenue; 
and  in  1876  was  appointed  second  assist 
ant     postmaster-general     of    the    United 
States,  and  served  until  1881,  when  he  re 
signed. 

BRAGDON,  CHARLES  CUSHMAN,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  was  born  Sept  6  1847 
in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  a  success 
ful  educator,  and  is  now  principal  of  the 
Lasell  Seminary  for  Young  Women  of 


22  .  «oldier,  was  born 

22,    1817,    m  Warren  county     N 
C.    He    was    present    at    the    battle    of 
Monterey,     Sept.     21-23,     and     was     bre- 
vetted   major  for   gallant  conduct   there. 
™M     f   ,    6    Was    breve«ed    lieutenant- 
f°r    gallantry    at  the    battle    of 
Fr°m  1848  ti]1  1855  he  was 
°~tier  service  at   Jefferson 
.,  Fort  Gibson,  and  Washita 
When    the  civil    war  began   he  was   ap 
pointed  brigadier-general  in  the  confede?- 
ate  army  in  1861,  and  placed  in  command 
Pensacola,  Fla.    In  February    1862    he 
was  promoted  major-general  and  ordered 
to  join  the  army  of  the  Mississippi      He 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh,   April 
f  *  aS dT  Was    Prom°ted   general  in  place 
of  A.  S.  Johnston,  killed.    After  the  evac 
uation  of  Corinth  he    succeeded  General 
Beauregard   in   command    of  the  depart 
ment.     In  August    he   led    a   formidable 
force,  45,000  strong,  into  Kentucky.     He 
died  Sept.  27,  1876,  in  Galveston,  Tex. 

BRAGG,  EDWARD  S.,  soldier,  lawyer 
congressman,  was  born  Feb  20  1827  in 
Unadilla,  N.  Y.  He  received  a  collegiate 
education;  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1848.  He  moved  to  Fond 
i  Lac,  Wis.,  commenced  the  practice  of 
law  in  1850,  and  was  elected  district  at 
torney  in  1854.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  from  1861  to  1865,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  He  was  ap 
pointed  postmaster  of  Fond  du  Lac  in 
was  a  state  senator  in  1868  and 
1869;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  democrat 
ic  national  convention  of  1872.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Wisconsin 
to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-sev 
enth  and  forty-ninth  congresses. 

BRAGG,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Alabama 
from  1851  to  1853. 

BRAGG,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  governor,  was  born  Nov 
,  1810,  in  Warrenton,  IN.  C.  He  was 
chiefly  educated  at  the  military  academy 
at  Middletown,  Conn.  In  1842  he  was 
elected  to  the  assembly  of  his  state-  and 
in  1853  was  a  presidential  elector.  He 
was  governor  of  North  Carolina  for  two 
terms,  from  1855  to  1859;  and  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1859.  He  died  Jan  21  1872 
in  Raleigh. 

BRAIN,  EDWIN  BELL,  builder,  poet 
was  born  March  27,  1853,  in  London,  Eng 
land.  He  has  served  as  county  commis 
sioner,  and  is  now  county  treasurer  of 
Rock  county,  Neb.  Besides  filling  various 
offices  of  trust  in  his  county  and  state 
he  is  a  successful  builder  and  farmer-' 
and  has  contributed  both  prose  and  verse 
for  the  past  twenty  years  to  the  periodi 
cal  press. 

BRAINARD,  DANIEL,  surgeon,  lectur 
er,    author,    was    born    May    15,    1812    in 
Whitesborough,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  founder 
Rush  Medical  college  of  Chicago    and 
occupied  its  chair  of  surgery  from  1843  till 
his  death.     Under  Presidents  Pierce  and 
Buchanan  he  wag  surgeon  of  the  marine 
hospital,  Chicago.    He  was  a  correspond 
ing  member  of  the  societies  of  surgery  of 
Paris  and  Geneva,  and  published  a  work 
on  rattlesnake  bites;    Ununited  Fractures 
and    Deformities,   the   American    medical 
association     prize    essay     for   1854-     and 
many    articles    in    the    Chicago    Medical 
Journal.     He  died  Oct.  10,  1866,  in  Chica- 


142 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY 


BRAINARD,  DAVID  LEGG,  soldier, 
explorer,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1856,  in  Nor 
way,  N.  Y.  He  participated  in  the  In 
dian  campaigns  under  General  Miles,  and 
was  wounded  in  the  face  in  action  with 
the  Sioux'  at  Muddy  Creek,  Montana,  May 
7,  1877.  In  the  following  August  he  was 
one  of  the  four  men  selected  to  act  as 
escort  to  General  Sherman  and  party  in 
their  tour  through  the  national  park.  In 
July,  1879,  he  was  promoted  sergeant, 
and  in  May,  1880,  recommended  for  de 
tail  on  the  Howgate  polar  expedition. 

BRAINARD,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was 
born  June  4,  1830,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He 
has  filled  various  pastorates  in  Connec 
ticut  and  Maryland;  and  in  1863  accepted 
the  rectorship  at  St.  Peter's  of  Auburn, 
N.  Y. 

BRAINARD,  JOHN  GARDINER  CAL 
KINS,  journalist,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  21, 
1796,  in  New  London,  Conn.  He  was  for 
a  time  editor  of  the  Connecticut  Mirror, 
and  produced  a  volume  of  poems.  Hia 
Falls  of  Niagara,  written  while  the  prin 
ter's  boy  was  waiting  for  his  regular  con 
tribution  to  the  paper,  is  generally  con 
sidered  the  best  short  poem  written  on 
that  subject,  and  is  one  of  the  gems  of 
American  literature.  He  died  Sept.  26, 
1828,  in  New  London,  Coim. 

BRAINE,  DANIEL  LAWRENCE,  naval 
officer,  was  born  May  18,  1829,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1861  he  attacked  the  con 
federate  gunboats  above  Cape  Hatteras 
and  dispersed  two  regiments  of  infantry, 
sinking  two  barges  filled  with  soldiers, 
and  rescuing  the  twentieth  Indiana  regi 
ment,  who  were  cut  off  from  Hatteras  in 
let  by  the  enemy.  On  July  15,  1862,  he 
received  his  commission  as  lieutenant- 
commander,  and  from  that  time  till  1864 
was  in  numerous  engagements.  He  be 
came  captain  in  December,  1874,  and 
commodore  in  1885. 

BRAINERD,  DAVID,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  20,  1718,  In  Had- 
dam,  Conn.  He  was  a  famous  mission 
ary  among  the  Indians  of  New  England. 
Selections  from  his  journals  have  been 
printed,  entitled  Miriabilia  Dei  apud  In- 
dicos;  and  Divine  Grace  Displayed.  He 
died  Oct.  9,  1747,  in  Northampton,  Conn. 

BRAINERD,  LAWRENCE,  business 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1794.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Vermont  during  the  session  of  1854  and 
1855;  and  was  for  many  years  a  leading 
business  man  in  the  town  of  St.  Albans, 
Vt.  He  died  May  9,  1870,  in  St.  Albans, 
Vt. 

BRAINERD,  SAMUEL  M.,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1842,  in  Erie 
county,  Pa.  He  received  an  academical 
education;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1869;  and  has  since  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Erie,  Pa,  In  1872  he  was  elected 
district  attorney  of  his  county;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

BRAINERD,  THOMAS,  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  born  June  17,  1804,  in 
Leyden,  N.  Y.  He  took  charge  of  the 
Fourth  presbyterian  church  in  1831.  From 
1833  till  1836  he  edited  the  Cincinnati 
Journal  and  the  Youth's  Magazine,  and 
also  assisted  In  editing  the  Presbyterian 
Quarterly  Review.  He  died  Aug.  21,  1866, 
in  Scranton,  Pa. 

BRAKE,  HEZEKIAH,  farmer,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  4,  1814,  in  England;  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  On  Two  Conti 
nents.  He  has  had  a  varied  career;  has 
filled  various  oflftces  of  trust  in  Council 
Grove,  Kan.,  where  he  has  attained  suc 
cess  In  various  enterprises,  and  has  al 
ways  been  interested  in  educational  work. 


BRAMAN,  BENJAMIN,  microscopist, 
journalist,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1831,  in 
Norton,  Mass.  During  1863-64  he  was 
teaching  at  Astoria,  and  after  that  date 
taught  drawing  in  the  Cooper  union  and 
elsewhere  in  New  York.  He  is  a  skillful 
microscopist,  and  from  its  first  issue  has 
edited  the  Journal  of  the  New  York  Mi 
croscopical  Society,  of  which  organization 
he  has  some  time  been  president. 

BRAMLETTE,  THOMAS  E.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  3, 
1817,  in  Cumberland  county,  Ky.  He  was 
appointed  attorney  for  the  common 
wealth  in  1848;  resigned  this  position  in 
two  years,  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
law.  In  1856  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
sixth  judicial  district;  and  in  1861  re 
signed  this  office  to  enter  the  federal 
army  as  colonel  of  the  third  Kentucky  in 
fantry.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
district  attorney,  and  resigned  to  accept 
the  nomination  for  governor;  and  was 
elected,  in  1863,  for  four  years.  He  died 
Jan.  12,  1875,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

BRANCH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  United  States 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1782, 
in  Halifax  county,  N.  C.  In  1811  he  was 
elected  a  state  senator;  re-elected  every 
year  until  1817,  and  was  then  elected 
•  governor  of  the  state.  He  again  entered 
the  state  senate  in  1822;  served  in  the 
United  States  senate  from  1823  to  1829; 
and  was  in  the  latter  year  appointed  sec 
retary  of  the  navy.  In  1831  he  was  elected 
to  a  seat  in  congress  as  representative 
from  North  Carolina;  and  in  1834  was 
again  elected  to  the  state  senate.  In  1835 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  conven 
tion  to  revise  the  state  constitution;  and 
in  1843  was  appointed  governor  of  the 
territory  of  Florida.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1863, 
in  Enfield,  N.  C. 

BRANCH,  LAWRENCE  O'BRIEN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  July 
7,  1820,  in  Halifax  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  thirty-fourth,  thirty-fifth  and 
thirty-sixth  congresses.  He  took  part  in 
the  great  rebellion  as  a  general,  and  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg,  Sept. 
17,  1862. 

BRANCH,  MRS.  MARY  LYDIA  BOL- 
LES,  author,  poet,  was  born  June  13, 
1840,  In  New  London,  Conn.  She  is  best 
known  by  her  poem,  The  Petrified  Fern, 
and  is  the  author  of  The  Kanter  Girls, 
which  is  a  story  for  young  people. 

BRANCH,  WILLIAM  A.  B.,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1847,  in 
Tallahassee,  Fla.  He  entered  the  Vir 
ginia  Military  institute,  remaining  there 
a  few  months,  when  he  joined  the  con 
federate  army;  served  as  a  courier  on 
staff  of  general  R.  F.  Hoke;  and  surren 
dered  with  General  Johnston's  army  in 
1865.  He  studied  law  under  governor 
Thomas  Bragg,  of  North  Carolina,  but 
never  practiced.  At  the  age  of  twenty 
he  took  charge  of  his  landed  estate  in 
Beaufort  county,  N.  C.,  upon  which  he 
has  lived  ever  since,  engaged  in  agricul 
ture.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

BRANCH,  WILLIAM  ALPHEUS,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1861,  in  Jefferson- 
ville,  111.  In  1888  he  was  elected  princi 
pal  of  schools  in  Menno,  S.  D. ;  at  the  end 
of  three  years  was  appointed  county  su 
perintendent  of  schools,  and  in  1893  was 
elected  to  the  same  position.  He  has 
been  most  successful  in  his  teachers'  In 
stitutes,  and  is  one  of  the  foremost  edu 
cators  in  South  Dakota. 

BRAND,  JAMES,  soldier,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1834,  in  Three 
Rivers,  Canada.  He  served  as  a  color- 


bearer  of  the  twenty-seventh  regiment 
Connecticut  volunteer  infantry;  and 
fought  at  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville 
and  Gettysburg.  For  four  years  he  filled  a 
pastorate  in  the  Congregational  cnurch 
at  Danvers,  Mass.;  and  since  18 1 3  has 
been  pastor  of  the  First  Congregational 
church  of  Oberlin,  Ohio.  He  is  the  author 
of  two  books  entitled  Sermons  from  a 
College  Pulpit,  and  Beasts  of  Ephesus. 

BRANDEBURY,  L.  G.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed  from 
that  state  chief  justice  of  the  Unued 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Utah. 

BRANDEGEE,  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  July  15, 
1828,  in  New  London,  Conn.  He  was 
elected  in  1854,  1858,  1859  and  1861,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Connecticut  legislature;  and 
was  chosen  speaker  in  the  latter  year. 
In  1861  he  was  a  presidential  elector;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Baltimore  con 
vention  of  1864;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress. 

BRANDEIS,  FREDERICK,  pianist, 
composer,  was  born  July  5,  1835,  in  Vi 
enna,  Austria.  In  1880  he  became  organ 
ist  of  a  synagogue  in  New  York,  and  in 
1886  organist  of  St.  Peter's  and  St.  Paul's 
Roman  Catholic  church.  His  composi 
tions  include  an  introduction  and  cap- 
riccio;  grand  march  and  numerous  others. 

BRANDON,  GEORGE  C.,  statesman. 
He  was  governor  of  Mississippi  from  1827 
to  1831. 

BRANDRETH,  BENJAMIN,  manufac 
turer,  state  senator,  was  born  June  22, 
1808,  in  England.  After  coming  to  Amer 
ica  he  graduated  from  the  Eclectic  Med 
ical  college  of  New  York  city.  In  1857, 
he  built  the  Brandreth  house  of  New 
York  city.  The  secret  of  the  enormous 
sale  of  the  Brandreth  medicines  lay  in 
the  fact  that  during  the  first  fifteen  years 
or  more,  he  expended  almost  his  entire 
profits  of  $150,000  a  year  in  advertising. 
He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in 
1849,  and  served  four  years.  He  was  fre 
quently  a  delegate  to  the  conventions  of 
his  party.  He  died  Feb.  19,  1880,  in  Sing 
Sing,  N.  Y. 

BRANDRETH,  WILLIAM,  capitalist, 
was  born  Oct.  22,  1842,  in  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y. 
In  1868  he  became  interested  in  real  es 
tate,  and  established  the  firm  of  Rowland 
and  Brandreth  of  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.  He 
was  interested  in  the  manufacturing  of 
iron  and  steel  directly  from  the  ore  by  the 
action  of  flame,  at  a  cost  less  than  that 
of  the  ordinary  methods  of  production, 
which  led  him  to  establish  the  Carbon 
Iron  company. 

BRANDT,  CARL  LUDWIG,  soldier,  ar 
tist,  was  born  Sept.  22,  l&al,  in  Hamburg, 
Germany.  He  served  in  the  war  of  1848- 
'50,  between  Germany  and  Denmark,  and 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1852. 
Among  his  works  are  A  Dish  of  Alpine 
Strawberries;  The  Fortune  Teller;  Re 
turn  from  the  Alps;  Monte  Rosa  at  Sun 
rise;  Bay  of  Naples  During  Eruption  of 
Vesuvius  in  1867;  Etna  from  Taurinlno, 
Sicily;  Resignation;  and  The  Golden 
Treasures  of  Mexico. 

BRANDT,  JOHN  BAUGHMAN,  soldier, 
clergyman,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1838,  near 
Lancaster,  Ohio.  For  four  years  he 
served  in  the  union  army,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  captain.  In  1886  he  was  or 
dained  a  clergyman  in  the  presbyterian 
church,  and  has  filled  pastorates  princi 
pally  in  Indianapolis  and  St.  Louis.  He 
has  organized  and  built  a  number  of 
churches,  and  is  the  founder  of  the  gen 
eral  secretaries'  conference. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


143 


BRANNAN,  SAMUEL,  pioneer,  journal 
ist,  was  born  in  1819,  in  Saco,  Me.  He  was 
an  elder  in  that  church,  and  arrived  in 
San  Francisco  in  July,  1846,  as  leader  of 
the  Mormon  colony  sent  out  in  the  ship 
Brooklyn  from  New  York.  He  began  the 
publication  of  a  newspaper,  the  Star,  the 
second  iu  California  and  the  first  pub 
lished  in  the  San  Francisco  district. 

BRANNAN,  WILLIAM  PENN,  painter, 
was  born  in  1825  in  Ohio.  He  was  a 
portrait  painter  of  Cincinnati,  and  the 
author  of  Vagaries  of  Vandyke  Brown; 
and  The  Harp  of  a  Thousand  Strings,  or 
Laughter  for  a  Life  Time.  He  died  Aug. 
9,  1866,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

SHANNON,  JOHN  MILTON,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1819  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  received  the  brevet  of  major-general 
of  volunteers  in  1865,  and  on  March  13, 
1865,  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  in 
the  regular  army,  and  major-general  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during 
the  war. 

BRANSFORD,  CLIFTON  WOOD,  jour 
nalist,  orator,  banker,  was  born  Jan.  24, 
1858,  in  Owensboro,  Ky.  He  attended 
Bransford  institute  (which  was  founded 
by  his  father)  and  graduated  in  1887  from 
the  Cumberland  university  of  Lebanon, 
Tenn.  In  1877-78  he  attended  the  Louis 
ville  Law  school;  but  subsequently  aban 
doned  law  to  enter  journalism;  and  for 
ten  years  he  was  editor  of  The  Messenger 
of  Owensboro,  Ky.  Since  1887  he  has 
been  successfully  engaged  in  the  milling 
business,  and  is  the  proprietor  of  the 
Bransford  Mills  and  Elevator.  He  was 
Instrumental  in  organizing  the  Owens 
boro  Banking  company,  of  which  he  has 
always  been  president.  He  is  also  prom 
inently  identified  with  various  business 
enterprises  of  his  city;  and  was  unani 
mously  chosen  elector  on  the  Bryan  and 
Sewall  ticket,  but  resigned  before  elec 
tion.  He  has  also  attained  prominence 
as  an  eloquent  orator. 

BRANT,  DAVID,  journalist,  legislator, 
was  born  July  6,  1850,  in  Shelbyville,  Ind. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  state 
university  of  Iowa;  and  for  twenty  years 
has  been  a  successful  editorial  writer  and 
press  correspondent.  He  served  in  tne 
Iowa  legislature  in  the  regular  and  spe 
cial  sessions  of  the  twenty-sixth  general 
assembly,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
deliberations  of  that  body. 

BRANTLEY,  WILLIAM  G.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
18,  1860,  in  Blackshear,  Ga.  He  repre 
sented  Pierce  county  in  the  Georgia  house 
of  representatives  in  1884-85;  represented 
third  senatorial  district  in  Georgia  sen- 
_ate  in  1886-87;  was  elected  solicitor-geu- 
'eral  of  Brunswick  circuit  in  1888  for  a 
term  of  four  years,  and  re-elected  in  1892 
for  another  term  of  four  years.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

BRASHER,  ABRAHAM,  soldier,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  2,  1734,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  active  associates 
of  the  liberty  boys  of  his  native  city,  and 
wrote  many  of  the  popular  ballads  of  the 
revolutionary  period.  Among  his  poet 
ical  productions  were  Another  New 
Year's  Address,  and  the  General's  Trip  to 
Morristown,  which  were  favorites  in  the 
American  camp.  He  died  in  1782. 

BRASWELL,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1852, 
In  DeKalb  county,  Tenn.  In  1881  he  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Missouri  state 
legislature,  and  received  the  re-election 
the  following  year.  During  1888-94  he 
was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Oregon  coun 
ty.  Mo.,  and  has  attained  prominence  as 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Missouri. 


BRATTLE.  THOMAS,  merchant,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1657,  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  once  famous  Boston  merchant, 
and  the  author  of  Eclipse  of  the  Sun  and 
Moon  Observed  in  New  England;  and 
Lunar  Eclipse  in  New  England,  1707.  He 
died  May  18,  1713,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BRATTLE,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1763.  He  was  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Cambridge,  having  been 
previously  a  tutor  in  Harvard  college. 
He  published  a  treatise  on  logic  entitled 
Compendium  Logicae  Secundum  Prin- 
cipia  D.  Renati  Cartesii,  which  was  long 
used  as  a  recitation  book  in  the  college. 
He  died  Feb.  15,  1717. 

BRATTON,  JOH^,  soldier,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  March  7,  1831,  in 
Winnsboro,  S.  C.  He  enlisted  in  the  con 
federate  army  in  1861  and  served  through 
out  the  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  in  1865; 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1866; 
was  chairman  of  the  South  Carolina  dele 
gation  to  the  democratic  national  conven 
tion  in  1876,  and  a  member  of  the  demo 
cratic  state  committee  the  same  year.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  South  Carolina  to  the 
democratic  national  convention  of  1880. 
In  1881  he  was  elected,  by  the  legislature, 
comptroller-general  of  the  state  of  South 
Carolina,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  in  1884  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  South 
Carolina  to  the  forty-eighth  congress. 

BRAUN,  CHRISTIAN,  business  man, 
was  born  Sept.  5,  1858,  in  Paterson,  N.  J. 
He  was  made  a  candidate  for  mayor  of 
the  city  of  Paterson  in  1893,  and  elected 
by  an  immense  majority. 

BRAUNHART,  SAMUEL,  business 
man,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  1, 
1848,  in  Germany.  In  1880  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  assembly  of  the  Cali 
fornia  state  legislature,  and  in  1897  be 
came  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  He 
has  filled  numerous  public  offices  in  San 
Francisco. 

BRAWLEY,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1841  in  South  Carolina.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  army,  and  was  solicitor 
of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit.  He  served 
in  the  legislature  of  South  Carolina,  and 
was  elected  t'o  the  fifty-second  congress 
as  a  democrat;  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  and  served  until  February, 
1894,  when  he  was  appointed  United 
States  judge  for  North  Carolina  by  Presi 
dent  Cleveland. 

BRAXTON,  CARTER,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1736,  on  the 
Mattapony  river,  Va.  In  1760  he  was 
elected  to  the  house  of  burgesses,  in  which 
he  was  conspicuous.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  Virginia  to  the  continental  congress 
in  1776,  and  signed  the  Declaration  of  In 
dependence.  After  that  service  ne  fre 
quently  served  in  the  Virginia  legislature 
He  died  Oct.  10,  1797,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

BRAXTON,  ELLIOTT  M.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  8, 
1823,  in  Matthews  county,  Va.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1851,  and  re- 
elected  in  1853.  He  was  elected  to  the 
common  council  of  Fredericksburg  in 
1866,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Virginia  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress. 

BRAY,  ANDREW  WATSON,  insurance 
manager,  was  born  July  24,  1855,  In 
Rockaway,  N.  J.  He  was  one  of  the  val 
ued  agents  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawan- 
na  and  Western  railroad;  and  subse 
quently  assumed  the  management  in  New 
Jersey  for  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
company. 


BRAYMAN,  MASON,  soldier,  lawyer, 
journalist,  governor,  was  born  May  23, 
1813,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  was  brought 
up  as  a  farmer,  but  became  a  printer, 
edited  the  Buffalo  Bulletin  in  1834-35, 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1836.  In  1842  he  opened  a  law  office 
in  Springfield,  111.  In  1844-45  he  revised 
and  published  the  statutes  of  Illinois  un 
der  the  appointment  of  the  governor  and 
the  authority  of  the  legislature.  He  af 
terwards  became  interested  in  railroad 
enterprises.  He  served  through  the  civil 
war;  and  in  1876-80  was  governor  of  the 
territory  of  Idaho. 

BRAYTON,  GEORGE  BAILEY,  invent 
or,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1829,  in  Crompton, 
R.  I.  He  was  the  inventor  of  a  safety 
steam  boiler,  and  of  the  high  pressure  gas 
engine. 

BRAYTON,  SAMUEL  NELSON,  edu 
cator,  physician,  journalist,  was  born 
Jan.  11,  1839,  in  Queensbury,  N.  Y.  He 
engaged  in  practice  in  Honeoye  Falls,  N. 
Y.,  removed  to  Buffalo  in  1877,  and  be 
came  professor  of  the  theory  and  practice 
of  medicine  in  the  Buffalo  college  of  phy 
sicians  and  surgeons  upon  its  establish 
ment,  and  dean  of  the  faculty  in  1881. 
He  is  also  editor  of  the  Eclectic  Phy 
sicians'  and  Surgeons'  Investigator,  a 
monthly  homeopathic  journal,  published 
in  Buffalo. 

BRAYTON,  WILLIAM  D.,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1815, 
in  Warwick,  R.  I.  In  1841  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  assembly,  serving  two  terms. 
In  1848  he  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate;  again  elected  to  the  state  assembly 
in  1851;  and  in  1855  was  a  second  time 
elected  state  senator.  He  was  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1856;  and  was  elected  a 
member  from  Rhode  Island  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  and  thirty-sixth  congresses. 

BRAZZA,  CORA,  author,  was  born  In 
1862  in  Louisiana.  She  is  the  author  of 
An  American  Idyl;  a  Literary  Farce;  and 
Guide  to  the  Old  and  New  Race  In  Italy. 

BREARE,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  28,  1858,  in  Newton,  Ala. 
In  1880  he  moved  to  Florida,  and  the  fol 
lowing  year  was  appointed  justice  of  the 
peace,  which  he  filled  for  eight  years,  In 
Suwannee  county.  In  1896  he  was  elected 
county  judge  of  Lafayette  county,  Fla., 
and  received  the  re-election  the  following 
year. 

BREARLY,  DAVID,  soldier,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1745.  He  was  lieutenant-colonel 
in  the  revolutionary  army  and  a  brave 
officer.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
and  federal  constitutional  conventions  of 
New  Jersey;  chief  justice  in  that  state 
for  nine  years;  and  in  1789  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  district  of 
New  Jersey.  He  died  Aug.  16,  1790  in 
Trenton,  N.  J. 

BREATHITT,  JOHN,  educator,  lawyer, 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  9, 
1786,  in  New  London,  Va.  He  was  a  sur 
veyor  and  school  teacher;  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1810.  He  was  sev 
eral  years  in  the  legislature;  was  lieuten 
ant-governor  from  1828  to  1832;  and  was 
governor  of  Kentucky  from  1832  to  1834 
He  died  Feb.  21,  1834,  In  Frankfort,  Ky. 

BREATHITT,  JOHN  W.,  jurist  was 
born  Jan.  9,  1825,  in  Hopkihsville,  Ky. 
He  has  been  postmaster  of  his  native 
city;  judge  of  Christian  county;  and  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs 
of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

BRECK,  CHARLES  HAMDEN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  June  26,  1837.  He  Is  a 
successful  lawyer  of  Richmond,  Va., 
where  for  a  number  of  years  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  county  court. 


144 


HMRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA      OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BRECK,  DANIEL,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1788  in  Boston,  Mass.  His  first  public 
position  iii  Kentucky  was  that  of  judge 
of  a  county  court.  In  1824  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature;  and  was  re- 
elected  for  five  years.  From  1835  until 
1840  he  was  president  of  the  Branch  bank 
of  Kentucky  at  Richmond;  in  1840  was  a 
presidential  elector;  in  1843  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Kentucky;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Kentucky  from  1849  to 
1851.  He  died  in  1871. 

BRECK,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Sept.  17,  1810,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In 
1834  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  for 
many  years  was  a  magistrate  in  the  city 
of  Baltimore.  In  1849  he  moved  to  New 
York  city,  where  he  has  taken  a  promi 
nent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  that 
•city. 

BRECK.  ROBERT,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  25,  1713.  He  was  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  in  lidO,  and  was  clergy 
man  of  Springfield  from  July  26,  1736,  till 
his  death.  He  published  funeral  sermons 
and  a  century  sermon  on  the  burning  of 
Springfield  by  the  Indians.  He  died  April 
23,  1784,  in  Springfield,  Mass. 

BRECK,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  July  17,  1771,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  lis/3  to  1825.  He  died 
:Sept.  1,'  1862,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BRECK.  SAMUEL,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  25,  1834,  in  Middleborough,  Mass. 
In  1851  he  entered  the  United  States  mili 
tary  academy  at 
West  Point,  N.  Y.; 
he  graduated  four 
years  later,  and  was 
promoted  in  the 
army  to  brevet  sec 
ond  lieutenant  of  ar 
tillery.  He  went 
through  all  the 
grades  and  was 
made  brigadier  gen 
eral  in  the  United 
States  army  in  1865, 
for  diligent,  faithful 
a  meritorious  services  during  the  rebel 
lion.  Since  1870  he  has  served  in  Califor 
nia,  New  York,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Min 
nesota,  Omaha,  and  is  now  serving  on 
Governor's  Island,  N.  Y.  In  1887  he  was 
appointed  lieutenant-colonel,  assistant 
adjutant  general;  and  in  1893  was  made 
colonel  and  assistant  adjutant  general 

BRECK,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1825,  in  Croydon 
N.  H.  In  1853  he  established  himself  in 
business  in  California,  and  eventually  re 
turned  to  Claremont,  N.  H.,  where  he 
died  in  1889.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature. 

BRECKENRIDGE,  CLIFTON  R.,  sol 
dier,  business  man,  congressman '  was 
born  Nov.  22,  1846,  in  Lexington,  Ky.  He 
entered  the  confederate  service.  He  en 
gaged  in  cotton  planting  in  Arkansas; 
also  in  the  commission  business  at  Pine 
Bluff,  Ark.;  and  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  Arkansas  to  the  forty-eighth 
and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

BRECKENRIDGE,  JAMES,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  March  1\ 
1763,  in  Fincastle,  Va.  In  1781  he  was  a 
soldier  in  Colonel  Preston's  rifle  regiment 
under  General  Greene.  He  was  a  promi 
nent  leader  of  the  old  federal  party  in  the 
general  assembly  of  the  state;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  United  States  congress 
from  1809  to  1817.  He  was  one  of  the 
originators  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
canal;  and  with  Mr.  Jefferson,  a  founder 
of  the  university  of  Virginia.  He  died 
Aug.  9,  1846,  in  Fincastle.  Va. 


BRECKENRIDGE.  JAMES  D.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Jefferson  county, 
Ky.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1821  to  1823.  He 
died  May,  1849.  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

BRECKENRIDGE,  JOHN,  lawyer  leg 
islator,  United  States  senator,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  2,  1760,  in  Augusta  county,  Va. 
He  was  the  author  and  advocate  of  the 
celebrated  Resolutions  of  1798-99,  in  the 
legislature  of  Virginia.  He  emigrated  to 
Kentucky;  and  was  elected  united  States 
senator  in  1801.  he  was  appointed  at 
torney  general  of  the  United  States  and 
served  during  1805-06.  He  died  Dec.  14, 
1806,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 

BRECKENRIDGE,      JOHN      CABELL. 
soldier,     general,    vice-president    of    the 
United    States,  was    born    Jan.   16,    1821, 
near  Lexington,  Ky. 
He  served  as  a  ma 
jor  of  infantry  dur 
ing    the    war    with 
Mexico,  and  while  in 
that   country    distin 
guished    himself    as 
the    counsel    of   Ma- 
jor-General       Pillow 
during    the     famous 
court  martial.  On  his 
return   from    Mexico 
he    was    elected    to 
the  state  legislature, 
e  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
the   Ashland   district   from   1851   to    1855 
He    was    elected    vice-president    of    the 
United  States  in  1856,  on  the  ticket  with 
James  Buchanan,  and   entered   upon   the 
duties    of   his    office    in    March     1857     as 
president  of  the  United  States  senate.     In 
I860  he  was  nominated  by  the   southern 
democratic  party  as   their  candidate   for 
president.     In  1861  he  went  into  the  sen 
ate   as   the   successor   of  Mr.   Crittenden 
He  took  part  in  the  great  rebellion  as  a 
general;   and  in  1865  was  appointed  sec 
retary    of    war   of    the    confederacy     He 
died  May  17,  1875,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 

BRECKENRIDGE,  ROBERT  JEFFER 
SON,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  March 
8,  1800,  in  Cabell's  Dale,  Ky.  He  was  a 
noted  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Lexing 
ton,  Ky.;  and  the  author  of  Popery  In 
ternal  Evidence  of  Christianity;  Memor 
anda  of  Foreign  Travel;  and  Travels  in 
France,  Germany,  etc.  His  chief  work 
was  a  system  of  theology.  The  Knowledge 
of  God,  Objectively  and  Subjectively  Con 
sidered.  He  was  a  writer  of  very  posi 
tive  views,  and  one  of  the  leaders  in  tne 
division  of  the  presbyterian  church  into 
old  and  new  school  in  1837.  He  died  Dec 
27,  1871,  in  Danville,  Ky. 

BRECKENRIDGE,  WILLIAM  CAMP 
BELL  PRESTON,  soldier,  journalist 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  28,  1837,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1862 
he  entered  the  confederate  army  as  cap 
tain  of  cavalry;  rose  to  the  rank  of  col 
onel,  and,  at  the  time  of  the  surrender, 
was  in  command  of  a  brigade  of  Ken 
tucky  cavalry.  He  was  editor  of  the  Lex 
ington  Observer  and  Reporter  from  1866 
to  1868;  county  attorney  from  18bt>  to  Ifciu; 
member  of  the  city  council  of  Lexington 
from  1870  to  1879;  and  professor  of  equity 
jurisprudence  and  pleadings  in  the  law 
department  of  the  Kentucky  university  in 
1872.  He  was  presidential  elector  In 
1872;  delegate  to  the  democratic  national 
conventions  of  1876  and  1880,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  flf- 
ty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

BREED,   DAVID   RIDDLE,    clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1848  in  Pennsylvania. 


He  is  a  presbyterian  minister  of  Chi 
cago;  and  the  author  of  More  Light- 
Abraham,  the  Typical  Life  of  Faith;  His 
tory  of  the  Preparation  of  the  World  for 
Christ;  and  Heresy  and  Heresy. 

BREED,  WILLIAM  PRATT,  clergyman 
author,  was  born  in  1816  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Philadel 
phia.  His  works  are  mainly  religious 
juveniles,  and  among  them  are  Jenny 
Geddes;  Home  Songs  for  Home  Birds- 
Grapes  from  the  Great  Vine;  and  A  Board 
and  Abroad. 

BREEDEN,  MARSHALL  A.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1848,  in 
Maysville,  Ky.  He  graduated  from  the 
Mount  Ziam  academy,  111.,  and  became 
a  union  soldier  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years. 
During  ls<2-73  he  was  clerk  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  New  Mexico;  during  l&iA- 
84  was  postmaster  of  Santa  Fe,  N.  M.; 
and  in  1884-88  was  public  prosecutor  for 
the  northern  district  of  New  Mexico.  In 
1894  he  was  president  of  the  Utah  state 
senate,  and  now  practices  law  in  Ogden. 

BREESE,  KIDDER  RANDOLPH,  naval 
officer,  was  born  April  14,  1831,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  As  passed  midshipman  he 
served  in  Commodore  Perry's  Japan  ev- 
pedition  and  was  on  the  Macedonian, 
which  visited  the  northern  end  of  For 
mosa  to  search  for  coal  and  inquire  into 
the  captivity  of  Americans  on  that  island. 
He  next  served  on  the  San  Jacmto.  which 
captured  1,500  slaves  on  the  coast  of  Af 
rica  and  took  Mason  and  Slideli  from 
on  board  the  Trent  in  November,  1861  He 
died  Sept.  13,  1881. 

BREESE.  SAMUEL  LIVINGSTON,  na 
val  officer,  was  born  in  1794  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.  He  was  present  at  me  battle  of 
Lake  Champlain  in  1814;  was  present  at 
the  capture  of  Vera  Cruz  in  1847;  and 
was  promoted  to  rear  admiral  in  1862.  He 
died  Dec.  17,  1870,  in  Mt.  Airey,  Pa. 

BREESE,  SIDNEY,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  legislator,  author,  was  born  July  15. 
1800,  in  Whitesborough,  N.  Y.  In  1822  he 
was  appointed  state  attorney,  which  office 
he  held  until  1827,  when  he  was  appoint 
ed  United  States  district  attorney  for  Il 
linois.  In  1829  he  published  a  volume 
of  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which 
now  bears  his  name,  and  was  the  first 
octavo  volume  published  in  the  state.  He 
served  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  as  a  lieu 
tenant  of  volunteers:  and  in  1835  was 
elected  a  circuit  judge.  He  was  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  from  Illinois  from  1843  to 
1849.  In  1850  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Illinois  legislature,  and  was  elected  speak 
er.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  tho 
Illinois  Central  railroad  and  in  1855  was 
again  placed  on  the  circuit  court  bench, 
and  made  chief  judge.  He  published  a 
work  on  Illinois  in  1869.  He  died  June 
27,  1878,  in  Pinckneyville,  111. 

BREHM,  MIRIAM  J.,  poet,  was  born 
Sept.  6,  1845,  in  Hinesburgh,  N.  Y.  For 
many  years  she  was  engaged  in  education 
al  work,  and  is  the  author  of  many  poems 
of  merit,  and  several  of  her  songs  have 
become  very  popular. 

BREIDENBAUGH,  EDWARD  SVVOY- 
ER,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  13, 
1849,  In  Newville,  Pa.  He  is  a  professor 
of  chemistry  in  Pennsylvania  college; 
and  the  author  of  Notes  on  Inorganic 
Chemistry;  and  Mineralogy  of  the  Farm 

BREIDENTHAL,  JOHN  W.,  public  offi 
cial,  was  born  June  22,  1857,  in  Sibley 
county,  Minn.  He  has  been  prominent  in 
political  affairs;  assisted  in  the  for 
mation  of  the  union  labor  party  at  Cin 
cinnati,  in  1887;  received  a  large  vote  for 
United  States  senator  in  January,  1893. 
and  since  February  of  that  year  has  been 
state  bank  commissioner  of  Kansas. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BREiL,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  was  born 
June,  1849,  in  Germany.  He  has  attained 
success  as  a  noted  lawyer  of  Pittsburg, 
Pa.;  is  considered  the  best  linguist  at  the 
Pittsburg  bar;  and  can  write  and  speak 
and  transact  business  in  six  languages. 

BREITUNG,  EDWARD,  capitalist,  leg 
islator,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  10,  1831,  in  Germany.  He  en 
gaged  in  business  at  Negaunee,  Mich.,  as 
a.  capitalist  and  land  speculator,  and  in 
iron  mining.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature  for 
the  term  of  two  years;  was  state  senator 
in  1877-78;  and  was  elected  mayor  of 
Negaunee  in  1878-80,  and  1882.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Michigan 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican.  He  died  March  3,  1887. 

BREMAN,  DOMINIC  M.,  priest,  poet, 
was  born  about  1865  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
After  completing  a  preparatory  course  he 
studied  philosophy  and  theology  among 
the  Passionist  fathers,  and  was  admitted 
to  orders  in  1892.  For  three  years  he  has 
been  associate  editor  of  The  Union  and 
Times  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author 
of  Heart-Tones,  a  collected  edition  of  his 
poems. 

BREMICKER,  CHARLES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1862,  in  Ger 
many.  He  graduated  from  the  Presbyter 
ian  seminary  of  Dubuque,  Iowa;  and 
from  the  McCormick  Theological  semi 
nary  of  Chicago.  He  has  filled  pastorates 
in  the  presbyterian  M""-^  in  Texas  and 
Illinois;  and  is  the  author  of  the  Life  and 
Works  of  Yonder  Lippe,  a  noted  clergy 
man  of  the  presbyterian  church. 

BRENEMAN,  ABRAM  ADAM,  chemist, 
•  lecturer,  author,  was  born  April  28,  1847, 
in  Lancaster,  Pa.  In  1875  he  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  professor  and  lecturer 
on  chemistry  at  Cornell,  where  from  1879 
till  1882  he  was  professor  of  industrial 
chemistry.  Since  then  he  has  resided  in 
New  York,  where  he  has  been  actively 
engaged  in  professional  work  as  a  writer, 
an  analyst,  and  a  chemical  expert.  He  has 
written  on  the  chemistry  of  ceramic  man 
ufactures  and  delivered  a  course  of  lec 
tures  on  that  subject  in  New  York.  With 
Prof.  G.  C.  Caldwell  b°  has  published  A 
Manual  of  Introductory  Laboratory  Prac 
tice. 

BRENGLE,  FRANCIS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1845.  He  died  Dec.  10,  1846. 

BRENNAN,  EDGAR  H.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  June  15,  1851,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky.  He  is  president  of  the  Port 
Clinton  Short  Line,  and  he  has  also  been 
president  of  various  other  railroads  in 
Ohio. 

BRENNAN,  JOHN  R.,  man  of  affairs, 
was  born  May  22,  1848,  in  Ireland.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  Iowa  county,  Wis.  For  thirty- 
two  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  hotel 
business  in  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
City  and  Denver.  For  nearly  ten  years 
he  was  postmaster  of  Rapid  City,  S.  D. ; 
has  been  its  mayor;  and  is  also  president 
•of  the  Dakota  State  School  of  Mines.  Dur 
ing  1892-96  he  was  railroad  commissioner 
for  the  state  of  South  Dakota. 

BRENNAN,  THOMAS,  lumberman,  was 
born  in  November,  1838,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  superintendent  of  the  Duluth  road, 
but  resigned  the  position  in  order  to  ac 
cept  the  superintendency  of  the  Manitoba 
railroad.  In  1881  he  gave  up  railroading 
to  engage  in  the  lumber  business,  and  so 
successful  was  this  venture  that  he  be 
came  known  as  one  of  the  largest  oper 
ators  in  the  northwest.  He  died  March 
1,  1890,  in  Hot  Springs. 

10 


BRENNEN,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  5,  1850,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
He  was  democratic  candidate  for  auditor- 
general  in  1886,  and  as  a  representative  in 
the  fifty-second  congress  from  the  twen 
ty-second  Pennsylvania  district.  He  is 
the  attorney  for  the  Amalgamated  Asso 
ciation  of  Iron  and  Steel  Workers  of  Pitts 
burg,  Pa. 

BRENNER,  JOHN  L.,  business  man, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1832  in  Ohio. 
He  attended  the  Springfield,  Ohio,  acad 
emy;  and  was  engaged  in  farming  until 
1862,  when  he  engaged  in  the  nursery  bus 
iness,  which  pursuit  he  followed  quite 
successfully  until  1874,  when  he  then  en 
gaged  iu  the  leaf  tobacco  business.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

BRENT,  HENRY  JOHNSON,  author, 
was  born  in  1811  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
contributed  to  Porter's  Spirit  of  the 
Times,  over  the  well-known  signature  of 
Stirrup,  and  was  the  associate  of  Lewis 
Gaylord  Clark  in  founding  and  editing 
the  Knickerbocker,  a  magazine  that  en 
joyed  great  popularity  from  1833  until 
1864.  He  was  also  a  painter.  His  best 
literary  work  was  Life  Almost  Alone, 
published  as  a  serial  in  the  Knicker 
bocker,  and  Was  it  a  Ghost?  a  theory  and 
discussion  of  the  celebrated  murder  of  the 
Joyce  children.  He  died  Aug.  3,  1880,  in 
New  York  city. 

BRENT,  RICHARD,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  •  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1795  to  1799,  and  again  from  1801  to 
1803;  and  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
1809  to  1814.  He  died  Dec.  30,  1814,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

BRENT,  WILLIAM  L.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Charles  county,  Md.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Louis 
iana  from  1823  to  1829.  He  died  in  July, 
1848. 

BRENTANO,  LORENZO,  journalist, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
14,  1813,  in  Germany.  He  became  editor 
of  the  Illinois  Staats-Zeitung,  and  in 
1862  was  a  member  of  the  state  legisla 
ture.  For  five  years  he  was  president  of 
the  Chicago  board  of  education.  In  1868 
he  was  presidential  elector  on  the  Grant 
and  Colfax  ticket.  He  was  appointed 
United  States  consul  at  Dresden  in  1872, 
and  served  until  1876,  when  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BRENTON,  ANDREW  T.,  physician, 
was  born  Sept.  15,  1847,  in  Indianapolis, 
Ind.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Iowa  state  university;  and  graduated  in 
medicine  from  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  He  has 
attained  prominence  as  one  of  the  lead 
ing  physicians  of  Iowa;  and  has  held 
various  public  positions  of  honor  in  Sac 
City  of  that  state. 

BRENTON,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  22,  1810,  in  Gallatin,  Ky.  He  was  a 
minister  of  the  gospel  from  the  age  of 
twenty  until  1848.  He  was  elected  to 
congress  from  Indiana  in  1851,  and  again 
in  1855.  He  was  also  president  of  tfle 
Fort  Wayne  college.  He  died  March  29, 
1857,  in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

BRENTON,  WILLIAM,  governor  of 
Rhode  Island,  was  born  in  England.  He 
was  lieutenant-governor  of  Rhode  Island 
prior  to  1660,  president  of  the  colony  be 
tween  1660  and  1661,  and  governor  under 
the  charter  obtained  from  Charles  II. 
from  1666  till  1669.  His  original  grant 
gave  him  a  certain  number  of  acres  for 
every  mile  of  land  surveyed,  and  on  the 
strength  of  this  he  secured  much  valuable 


property.  He  was  one  of  the  nine  origi 
nal  proprietaries  of  Rhode  Island.  His 
name  is  preserved  in  Brenton's  Point  and 
Brenton's  Reef,  Narragansett  Bay.  He 
died  in  1674,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

BRENTS,  THOMAS  HURLEY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1840, 
near  Florence,  111.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  common  schools;  the  Bap 
tist  college  of  Oregon  City;  and  the  Mc- 
Minnville  college,  Oregon.  He  was  ap 
pointed  justice  of  the  peace,  was  the  first 
postmaster  of  Canyon  City;  and  the  first 
county  clerk  of  Grant  county.  In  1866 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Oregon 
state  legislature.  In  1870  he  moved  to 
Walla  Walla,  Wash.,  and  was  made  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  that  city.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh,  and  forty-eighth  congresses  as 
a  representative  from  Washington;  and 
has  served  as  judge  of  the  superior  court 
for  Walla  Walla  county. 

BRETZ,  JOHN  L.,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  banker,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  21,  1852,  near  Huntingburg,  Ind. 
He  was  educated  in  common  country 
schools  and  Huntingburg  high  school; 
taught  school  three  years;  read  law 
under  Hon.  W.  A.  Traylor,  and  graduated 
from  the  Cincinnati  Law  school  in  1880. 
He  located  in  Jasper  the  same  year;  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  the 
eleventh  judicial  circuit  in  1884;  and  was 
re-elected  in  1886  and  1888.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat; 
after  retiring  from  congress  in  1895,  re 
turned  to  the  practice  of  law;  is  president 
of  Farmers'  and  Merchants'  bank  of  Jas 
per,  Ind.;  and  vice-president  of  Spring 
field,  Ohio  River  and  South  Atlantic  Rail 
way  company. 

BREVARD,  EPHRAIM,  patriot,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  about  1750.  He 
was  the  author  of  the  Mecklenburg  decla 
ration  of  independence.  In  May,  1775,  he 
was  clerk  of  the  convention  held  in  Char 
lotte,  Mecklenburg  county,  and,  as  one 
of  the  committee  to  prepare  resolutions, 
produced  the  famous  document  by  which 
they  anticipated  by  more  than  a  year  the 
declaration  by  congress.  When  the  Brit 
ish  invaded  the  southern  states,  Dr.  Bre- 
vard  entered  the  continental  army  as  a 
surgeon,  and  was  taken  prisoner  at  Char 
leston  in  1780.  He  died  about  1783,  in 
Charlotte,  N.  C. 

BREVARD,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Iredell  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  South 
Carolina  from  1819  to  1821. 

BREVOORT,  HENRY,  was  born  in  1791. 
He  inherited  a  large  landed  estate  on 
Manhattan  island,  which  became  extreme 
ly  valuable  as  the  city  increased  in  popu 
lation.  He  was  of  literary  taste  and  the 
life-long  friend  of  Washington  Irving, 
with  whom  he  traveled  in  Europe  and 
corresponded  for  half  a  century.  He  re 
moved,  in  early  life,  to  Yonkers,  but  re 
turned  to  New  York  and  was  a  member  of 
the  common  council  for  many  years.  He 
died  April  11,  1874,  in  Rye,  N.  Y. 

BREVOORT,  JAMES  RENWICK,  paint 
er,  was  born  July  20,  1832,  in  Westchester, 
N.  Y.  He  is  very  successful  in  the  treat 
ment  of  American  landscape  in  a  low  tone 
of  color,  this  being  his  favorite  line  of 
work.  Among  his  pictures  are  Scene  in 
Holland;  Lake  of  Como;  Storm  on  English 
Moor;  May  Morning,  Lake  Como;  New 
England  Scene;  Morning  in  Early  Winter; 
The  Wild  November  Comes  at  Last: 
Windy  Evening  on  the  Moors;  and  Windy 
Day  on  a  Moor. 


146 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BREWER,  CHARLES  MARTIN,  law 
yer,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1860,  in  Rock  Dell, 
Minn.  In  1890  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  has  been  justice  of  the  peace  for 
four  years;  and  is  postmaster  of  Stacy, 
Minn.,  where  he:  holds  a  high  position  as 
an  able  lawyer  and  public  officer. 

BREWER,  DAVID  JOSIAH,  associate 
justice  of  the  United  States  supreme 
court,  was  born  June  20,  1837,  in  Smyrna, 
Asia  Minor.  He  is 
!  the  son  of  Rev.  Jo- 
siah  Brewer  and 
Emilia  A.  Field,  sis 
ter  of  David  Dudley, 
( '\  i  us  VV.,  and  JUB- 
t  i  <  e  Stephen  J. 
Field;  and  his  fath 
er  was  an  early  mis 
sionary  to  Turkey. 
He  was  graduated 
from  Yale  college  in 
1856  and  from  the 
Albany  Law  school 
in  1858;  and  established  himself  in  his 
profession  at  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  in  1859, 
where  he  resided  until  he  removed  to 
Washington  to  enter  upon  his  present  du 
ties.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  United 
States  commissioner;  from  1862  to  1865 
was  judge  of  the  probate  and  criminal 
courts  of  Leavenworth  county;  from 
1865  to  1869  was  judge  of  the  district 
court;  and  from  1869  to  1870  was  county 
attorney  of  Leavenworth.  In  1870  he  was 
elected  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
his  state,  and  re-elected  in  1876  and  1882; 
in  1884  was  appointed  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  the  United  States  for  the  eighth 
district;  and  was  appointed  to  his  pres 
ent  position,  to  succeed  Justice  Stanley 
Matthews,  deceased,  in  December,  1889, 
and  was  commissioned  December  18,  1889. 

BREWER,  FRANCIS  B.,  pioneer,  physi 
cian,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  8,  1820,  in  Keene,  N.  Y.  In  connec 
tion  with  others  he  organized  the  Penn 
sylvania  Rock  Oil  company,  the  pioneer 
petroleum  enterprise.  He  then  settled  at 
Westfield,  N.  Y. ;  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1873  and  1874; 
government  director  of  the  Union  Pacific 
railroad  from  1874  to  1878;  and  manager 
of  the  State  Insane  asylum  at  Buffalo  in 
1881  and  1882.  He  was  for  ten  years 
president  of  the  First  National  bank  of 
Westfield;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  forty-eight!! 
congress  as  a  republican. 

BREWER,  J.  HART,  manufacturer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
29,  1844,  in  Hunterdon  county,  N.  J.  He 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  pottery; 
was  a  member  of  the  state  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  1876;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

BREWER,  JOSIAH,  missionary,  was 
born  in  1796,  in  Berkshire,  Mass.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  to  volunteer  as  a  mis 
sionary  to  Turkey  for  the  American 
board,  and  in  1830  sailed  for  the  east. 
He  died  Nov.  19,  1872,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BREWER,  LEIGH  RICHMOND,  bishop 
of  Montana,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1839,  in 
Berkshire,  Vt.  He  was  rector  of  Grace 
church  of  Carthage,  N.  Y.,  for  six  years, 
when  he  became  rector  of  Trinity  church 
of  Watertown,  N.  Y.  He  was  then  elected 
missionary  bishop  of  Montana,  and  was 
consecrated  in  1880. 

BREWER,  MARK  S.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1837, 
in  Addison,  Mich.  He  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  read  law  with  Governor 


Moses  Wisner  and  the  Hon.  M.  E.  Cro- 
foot,  and  since  1864  has  practiced  law  in 
Pontiac,  Mich.  He  has  been  city  attor 
ney;  was  state  senator  in  1873-74;  and 
has  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  fiftieth  and 
fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republican;  de 
clining  a  renomination.  During  1881-85 
he  was  United  States  consul  general  to 
Berlin.  He  is  an  able  lawyer  and  bril 
liant  orator;  and  is  recognized  as  one  of 
the  most  prominent  republicans  of  Michi 
gan.  In  1896  he  was  a  delegate  at  large 
to  the  republican  national  convention. 

BREWER,  THEODORE  FRELING- 
HUYSEN,  clergyman,  college  president, 
was  born  Jan.  20,  1845,  in  Gibson  county, 
Tenn.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Yorkville  academy  and  the  Andrew  col 
lege.  He  is  a  noted  clergyman  in  the 
methodist  episcopal  church,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Harrell  International  insti 
tute  of  Muskogee,  I.  T. 

BREWER,  THOMAS  MAYO,  ornitholo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1814,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  Massachusetts 
ornithologist  who  was  the  principal  au 
thor  of  the  History  of  North  American 
Birds  prepared  with  Ridgway  and  S.  F. 
Baird;  and  Oology  of  North  America  is 
also  by  him.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1880,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

BREWER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1828,  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  a  pro 
fessor  of  agriculture  in  the  Sheffield 
Scientific  school  at  New  Haven  since  1864; 
and  is  the  author  of  Botany  of  California. 

BREWER,  WILLIS,  soldier,  journalist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  in  Alabama.  He  entered  the  mili 
tary  service  of  the  confederate  states  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  years;  has  been  a 
journalist,  has  practiced  law,  has  written 
books,  and  is  now  a  planter.  In  1871  he 
was  county  treasurer  of  Lowndes;  was 
state  auditor  from  1876  to  1880;  was  state 
legislator  from  1880  to  1882;  state  sena 
tor  from  1882  to  1890;  state  legislator 
from  1890  to  1894;  and  state  senator  from 
1894  till  he  resigned  in  1897.  He  was 
elected  for  the  state  at  large  on  the  demo 
cratic  ticket  in  1892,  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

BREWERTON,  GEORGE  DOUGLAS, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  in  1820,  in  Cuba. 
He  is  a  United  States  army  officer;  and 
the  author  of  The  War  in  Kansas,  a 
Rough  Trip  to  the  Border;  Fitzpoodle  at 
Newport;  Ida  Lewis,  the  Heroine  of 
Lime  Rock;  The  Automaton  Company; 
and  The  Automaton  Battery. 

BREWSTER,  BENJAMIN  HARRIS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1816,  in 
Salem  county,  N.  J.  He  was  appointed,  by 
President  Polk,  to  adjudicate  the  claims 
of  the  Cherokee  Indians  against  the 
United  States;  and  in  1867  was  appointed 
attorney-general  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
1881  he  was  appointed,  by  President  Gar- 
field,  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  April  4,  1888,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

BREWSTER,  CHARLES  WARREN, 
journalist,  author,  legislator,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1812,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  He  began  to  work  for  his 
living  as  an  apprentice  in  the  office  of  the 
Portsmouth  Journal.  In  fifteen  years  he 
had  become  its  proprietor,  and  when  he 
died  had  been  connected  with  his  journal 
for  more  than  fifty  years.  He  served 
several  terms  in  the  legislature,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1850-51.  He  is  the  author  of 
Fifty  Years  in  a  Printing  Office;  and 
Rambles  about  Portsmouth.  He  died 
Aug.  3,  1868,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 


BREWSTER,  DAVID  P.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1839  to  1843.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1876,  in 
Oswego,  N.  Y. 

BREWSTER,  FLORA  ALZORA,  jour 
nalist,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Feb. 
26,  1852,  in  Alfred,  N.  Y.  In  1879  she 
edited  The  Newsboys'  Appeal  of  Chicago; 
in  1889-90  was  editor  of  the  Baltimore 
Family  Health  Journal;  and  in  1891  was 
assistant  editor  of  the  Homoeopathic  Ad 
vocate.  She  was  the  former  physician  in 
charge  of  the  Home  for  Fallen  Women, 
and  the  Female  House  of  Refuge  of  Bal 
timore;  and  is  now  the  proprietor  and 
surgeon  in  charge  of  The  Sanitarium. 
She  was  also  lecturer  on  physiology  and 
hygiene  at  the  Maryland  Woman's  col 
lege  of  Lutherville,  Md. 

BREWSTER,  FREDERICK  CARROLL, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  May  15,  1825, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  for  three  years; 
and  in  1869  was  appointed  attorney-gen 
eral  of  the  commonwealth.  He  is  the 
author  of  Moliere  in  Outline;  Life  of 
Disraeli;  Condensation  of  Blackstone; 
Rule  in  Shelly's  Case;  and  Digest  of  Penn 
sylvania  Reports. 

BREWSTER,  HENRY,  manufacturer, 
was  born  May  19,  1824,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  started  in  business  for  him 
self  in  1856,  with  partners,  as  Brewster 
and  Co.,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  con 
struction  of  fine  carriages.  The  firm 
soon  became  the  largest  of  their  class  in 
the  world.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Union  League  club,  and  he  stoutly 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  union  during 
the  civil  war.  He  died  Sept.  20,  1887,  in 
New  York  city. 

BREWSTER,  HENRY  C.,  banker,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1845,  in  Roch 
ester,  N.  Y.  He  became  a  bank  clerk  in 
1863,  and  bank  of 
ficer  in  1868,  which 
position  he  still  oc 
cupies.  He  also  holds 
other  important  po 
sitions  in  the  busi- 
ness  affairs  of  his 
native  city.  Has 
been  president  of 
the  chamber  of  com 
merce  and  also  of 
the  Clearing  House 
association.  He  has 
always  taken  an  ac 
tive  interest  in  the  republican  party,  and 
has  contributed  largely  of  his  time  and 
means  toward  its  success.  He  has  been 
vice-president  of  the  New  York  State 
League  of  Republican  clubs  and  president 
of  the  Monroe  County  league,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  National  League  of  Re 
publican  clubs.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BREWSTER,  LYMAN  DENNISON, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  July 
31,  1832,  in  Salisbury,  Conn.  He  was 
judge  of  probate  in  1858;  judge  of  court 
of  common  pleas  from  1870  to  1874; 
member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1870, 
1878  and  1879;  and  a  prominent  member 
of  the  state  senate  in  1880  and  1881. 

BREWSTER,  SIMON  LATHAM,  mer 
chant,  banker,  was  born  July  27,  1811,  in 
Griswold,  Conn.  In  1863  he  became  presi 
dent  of  what  is  now  The  Traders'  Nation 
al  bank  of  Rochester;  and  is  the  oldest 
president  of  a  national  bank  in  the  state. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  promoters  of  the 
Hoosac  Tunnel  road;  and  is  president  of 
The  Nashua,  Acton  and  Boston  railroad. 


HERRINGSHA\V'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


147 


BREWSTER,  WILLIAM,  pilgrim,  was 
born  in  1560,  in  England.  He  negotiated 
a  grant  of  land  for  his  people  somewhere 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Hudson  river;  and 
early  in  1620,  with  a  number  of  persons, 
he  embarked  in  the  ship  Mayflower  at 
Plymouth,  England,  setting  sail  Sept.  16, 
and  arriving  in  Cape  Cod  bay  on  Nov.  21, 
1620.  He  died  April  16,  1644. 

BREWSTER,  WILLIAM,  ornithologist, 
author,  was  born  July  5,  1851,  in  Wake- 
field,  Mass.  He  has  devoted  his  attention 
exclusively  to  the  study  of  ornithology, 
becoming  in  1880  assistant  in  charge  of 
the  collection  of  birds  and  mammals  in 
the  Boston  society  of  natural  history;  and 
in  1885  curator  of  ornithology  at  the  mu 
seum  of  comparative  zoology,  Cambridge. 
Mr.  Brewster  is  a  fellow  of  the  American 
association  for  the  advancement  of 
science,  and  in  1876  became  president  of 
the  Nuttall  ornithological  club  of  Cam 
bridge.  He  has  published  articles  in  the 
Bulletin  of  the  Nuttall  Ornithological 
Club;  in  the  Annals  of  the  New  York 
Lyceum  of  Natural  History;  Proceedings 
of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History; 
The  Auk;  and  other  periodicals. 

BREWSTER,  WILLIAM  R.,  soldier. 
He  was  a  colonel  in  the  Excelsior  brigade, 
organized  by  Daniel  E.  Sickles  in  1861, 
and  after  the  promotion  of  that  officer  was 
made  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 
He  died  Dec.  13,  1869,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BREYFOGEL,  SYLVANUS  C.,  clergy- 
man,bishop,author,was  born  July  20,  1851, 
near  Pleasantville.Pa.  He  served  as  a  pas 
tor  for  fourteen  years;  as  a  presiding  eld 
er  for  five  years;  and  since  1891  has  been 
a  bishop  in  the  Evangelical  association. 
Since  1895  he  has  also  been  president  of 
the  Evangelical  School  of  Theology.  For 
several  years  he  was  editor  of  a  homi- 
letical  monthly  magazine;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  Evangelical 
Landmarks.  He  has  visited  Europe  and 
Japan  in  the  performance  of  his  episcopal 
duties;  and  traveled  extensively  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada  preaching,  lec 
turing,  and  presiding  over  ecclesiastical 
conferences. 

BRICE,  BENJAMIN  W.,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1809,  in  Virginia.  He  became  a 
lawyer,  and  was  a  judge  of  common  pleas 
in  1845,  and  adjutant-general  of  the  state 
in  1846.  He  was  promoted  brigadier-gen 
eral  on  July  28,  1866,  and  on  Jan.  1,  1872, 
was  retired  from  active  service. 

BRICE,  CALVIN  STEWART,  soldier, 
educator,  lawyer,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Sept.  17,  1845,  in  Denmark,  Ohio. 
He  served  through 
I  the  civil  war.  He 
|  was  delegate  at  large 
from  Ohio  to  the  St. 
Louis  democratic  na 
tional  convention  in 
1888;  was  selected  to 
represent  Ohio  on 
the  national  demo 
cratic  committee, 
and  was  chairman 
of  the  campaign 
committee  for  the 
ensuing  national 
campaign.  On  the  death  of  William  H. 
Barnum  he  was  unanimously  elected 
chairman  of  the  national  committee  in 
1889,  and  in  January,  1890,  was  elected 
United  States  senator,  to  succeed  Henry 
B.  Payne,  for  the  term  of  1891-97. 

BRICE,  JOHN  JONES,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Jan.  23,  1842,  in  Ohio.  He  en 
tered  the  navy  as  a  volunteer  officer  in 
1861;  and  in  1882  was  promoted  lieuten 
ant-commander. 


BRICHER,  ALFRED  THOMPSON, 
painter,  was  born  April  10,  1837,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  Among  his  more  notable 
drawings  are  Sunset  in  October  (1869) ; 
The  Maiden's  Rock,  Lake  Pepin;  Mt. 
Adams;  On  the  Esopus  (1874);  Off  Hali 
fax  Harbor;  A  Lift  in  the  Fog  (1876); 
St.  Michael's  Mount;  and  What  the  Tide 
Left. 

BRICK,  PETER,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  December,  1847,  in  Ontario,  Can 
ada.  He  has  attained  success  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  St.  Cloud,  Minn.;  has  been 
county  attorney;  and  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  judge  of  probate  of  Stearns 
county. 

BRICKELL,  JOHN,  physician,  his 
torian.  He  lived  at  Edenton,  N.  C.,  and 
practiced  his  profession  there.  Later  he 
returned  to  England  and  in  1737  published 
in  Dublin,  The  Natural  History  of  North 
Carolina,  with  an  Account  of  the  Trade, 
Manners  and  Customs  of  the  Christian 
and  Indian  Inhabitants. 

BRICKELL,  WILLIAM  D.,  journalist, 
was  born  Nov.  19,  1852,  in  Steubenville, 
Ohio.  In  1876  he  established  The  Eve 
ning  Dispatch  of  Columbia,  Ohio. 

BRICKETT,  JAMES,  soldier,  surgeon, 
was  born  in  1837.  He  was  made  lieutenant- 
colonel  May  20,  1775,  was  wounded  at  Bun 
ker  Hill,  June  17,  and  in  the  following 
year  was  made  brigadier  in  the  expedi 
tion  preparing  for  Canada.  After  Bur- 
goyne's  surrender  at  Saratoga  (Oct.  17, 
1777),  Gen.  Brickett  was  placed  in  com 
mand  of  the  escort,  and  marched  the  pris 
oners,  about  6,000  in  number,  from  the 
battlefield  on  Hudson  river  to  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1818,  in  Haverhill, 
Mass. 

BRICKNER,  GEORGE  H., manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1834,  In 
Germany.  He  moved  to  Ohio  in  1840;  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools;  and 
became  a  successful  woolen  manufacturer 
of  Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

BRIDEWELL,  LEMUEL  OWENS,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  journalist,  was  born  Nov.  2, 
1829,  in  Port  Gibson,  Miss.  He  gradu 
ated  from  the  Union  college  of  Schenec- 
tady,  N.  Y.,  with  the  degree  of  A.  M.  In 
1851  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and  the 
same  year  founded  the  Reveille  of  Port 
Gibson,  Miss.,  of  which  he  was  editor  until 
1854.  In  1854-55  he  was  clerk  in  the  In 
terior  department;  and  judge  of  the  pro 
bate  and  orphans'  court  of  his  county  in 
1855-58.  In  1861  he  became  a  captain  in 
the  confederate  army,  and  subsequently 
was  promoted  to  major.  He  is  the  author 
of  several  works,  and  still  practices  law 
in  Beauregard,  Miss. 

BRIDGE,  HORATIO,  naval  officer,  law 
yer,  journalist,  was  born  April  8,  1806,  In 
Augusta,  Maine.  He  published  The  Jour 
nal  of  an  African  Cruiser,  the  authorship 
of  which  is  usually  accredited  to  his  class 
mate,  Nathaniel  Hawthorne.  The  book 
was,  in  fact,  edited  by  Hawthorne  from 
Bridge's  notes.  He  was  assigned  to  duty 
as  chief  of  the  bureau  of  provisions  and 
clothing,  the  duties  of  which  he  faithfully 
performed  for  nearly  fifteen  years,  cov 
ering  the  whole  period  of  the  civil  war, 
and  involving  transactions  and  disburse 
ments  to  the  amount  of  many  millions  of 
dollars.  He  was  retired  with  the  rank  of 
commodore.  He  died  March  20,  1893,  in 
Athens,  Pa. 

BRIDGE,  JAMES  HOWARD,  author, 
was  born  in  1858,  in  England.  He  is  the 
author  of  A  Fortnight  in  Heaven,  an  Un 
conventional  Romance;  and  Uncle  Sam 
at  Home. 


BRIDGES,  ALBERT  F.,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1853, 
in  Poland,  Ind.  During  1874-81  he  filled 
pastorates  in  the  Indiana  conference  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church.  For  nine 
years  he  was  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Register  of  Brazil,  Ind.;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  History  of  Brazil  and  other 
works. 

BRIDGES,  FIDELIA,  artist,  was  born 
May  19,  1835,  in  Salem,  Mass.  She  sent  to 
the  National  academy,  in  oil,  Winter  Sun 
shine  and  Wild  Flowers  in  Wheat;  Black 
berry  Bushes;  Thistles,  Yellow  Birds, 
Cornfield,  and  Salt  Marshes.  She  began 
painting  in  water-colors  in  1871,  in  which 
she  has  been  eminently  successful. 

BRIDGES,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  9, 
1821,  in  Athens,  Tenn.  He  was  attorney- 
general  of  the  state  in  1849  and  in  1854, 
holding  the  office  for  eleven  years.  He 
held  the  positions  of  bank  attorney  and 
railroad  director;  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1860;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Tennessee  in 
1861,  to  serve  In  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress.  He  died  March  16,  1873. 

BRIDGES,  ROBERT,  editor,  author, 
was  born  July  13,  1858,  in  Shippensburgh, 
Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  Princeton  col 
lege  in  1879.  In  1881  he  was  connected 
with  the  New  York  Evening  Post;  In 
1887  became  one  of  the  editors  of  Scrib- 
ner's  Magazine;  and  since  1873  has  been 
literary  critic  of  New  York  Life.  He  Is 
the  author  of  Overheard  in  Arcady,  and 
Suppressed  Chapters;  and  Other  Book- 
ishness. 

BRIDGES,  SAMUEL  AUGUSTUS,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1802, 
in  Colchester,  Conn.  For  seven  years  he 
was  deputy  attorney-general  of  the  state 
for  Lehigh  county.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1848  to  1849,  and  from  1853  to  1855;  and 
was  again  a  representative  in  the  forty- 
fifth  congress.  He  died  Jan.  14,  1884,  in 
Allentown,  Pa. 

BRIDGMAN,  FREDERICK  ARTHUR, 
painter,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1847,  In  Tuske- 
gee,  Ala.  In  1890  he  opened  a  studio  In 
Paris  for  the  instruction  of  women  stu 
dents.  His  best  known  works  are  Funeral 
of  a  Mummy;  The  American  Circus  in 
Brittany;  Bringing  in  the  Maize;  Pas 
times  of  an  Assyrian  King;  and  Pro 
cession  of  the  Bull  Apis. 

BRIDGMAN,  JOHN  LADD,  farmer, 
public  official,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1817,  In 
Hanover,  N.  H.  He  has  been  sheriff, 
county  commissioner,  vice-president  and 
director  of  the  National  bank,  and  trustee 
of  the  Saving  bank  of  his  native  city;  and 
for  twenty-seven  years  was  chairman  of 
the  Board  of  Selectmen.  He  is  a  success 
ful  farmer,  and  has  been  a  prominent 
factor  in  the  public  affairs  in  his  city, 
county  and  state  for  more  than  half  a 
century. 

BRIDGMAN,  LAURA,  blind  deaf  mute, 
was  born  Dec.  2,  1829,  in  Hanover,  N.  H. 
She  was  born  with  the  enjoyment  of  all 
her  faculties,  but  at  two  years  old  lost 
her  sight,  hearing,  smell,  and  partially 
her  taste  by  a  severe  fit  of  sickness.  At 
eight  years  she  was  placed  under  the 
care  of  Dr.  S.  G.  Howe,  in  the  Perkins 
Institute  for  the  Blind  In  Boston,  with 
what  results  every  one  knows.  She  can 
read  from  raised  letters,  write,  and  skill 
fully  play  the  piano,  make  fine  crochet- 
work,  and  select  colors  all  by  the  sense 
of  touch;  being  the  first  person  so  af 
flicted  who  was  educated.  She  died  May 
24,  1889,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


14S 


HERRINGSHAW'g    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BRIGGS,  ANSEL,  governor.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Iowa  in  1846,  and  re 
mained  in  the  office  until  1850. 

BRIGGS,  CALEB,  physician,  geologist, 
was  born  May  24,  1812,  in  North  Roches 
ter,  Mass.  He  was  educated  as  a  physician, 
but  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  geolo 
gy  and  its  allied  sciences,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  first  survey  of  the  coal  and  iron  re 
gions  of  Ohio.  He  entered  upon  the  work 
in  June,  1837,  explored  Scioto,  Lawrence, 
Gallia,  Athens,  Jackson,  Hocking,  and 
afterward  Wood,  Crawford,  and  Tuscara- 
was  counties,  and,  after  the  survey  termi 
nated  in  1839,  was  employed  in  surveying 
the  western  counties  of  Virginia.  He  then 
settled  at  Ironton,  Ohio,  where  he  en 
gaged  in  mining  and  gave  125,000  to  found 
a  public  library.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1884, 
in  North  Rochester,  Mass. 

BRIGGS,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1841, 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  prominent  among  the  leaders 
of  newer  religious  thought  and  a  professor 
at  Union  Theological  seminary,  New  York, 
since  1875.  In  1892  he  was  tried  for  her 
esy  and  acquitted.  He  is  the  author  of 
Biblical  Study;  American  Presbyterian- 
ism;  Messianic  Prophecy,  notable  for  its 
display  of  the  true  historical  spirit;  The 
Authority  of  Holy  Scripture;  The  Mes 
siah  of  the  Apostles;  The  Messiah  of  the 
Gospels;  The  Higher  Criticism  of  the 
Hexateuch;  The  Bible,  the  Church,  and 
the  Reason;  Whither?  and  a  Theologi 
cal  Question  for  the  Times. 

BRIGGS,  CHARLES  E.,  artist,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  19,  1828,  in  Fairhaven,  Mass. 
He  is  an  artist  in  landscape  and  fruit 
painting,  in  Brewster,  Mass.;  and  his 
poems  occasionally  appear  in  the  periodi 
cal  press. 

BRIGGS,  CHARLES  FREDERICK,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1804,  in 
Nantucket,  Mass.  He  was  a  journalist 
and  editor  of  New 
York  city,  and  the 
valued  friend  of 
many  of  the  promi 
nent  literary  Ameri 
cans  of  his  time.  He 
was  the  author  of 
Adventures  of  Harry 
Franco,  a  Tale  of 
the  Great  Panic;  The 
Haunted  Merchant; 
The  Trippings  of 
Tom  Pepper;  and 
Working  a  Passage, 
or  Life  on  a  Liner.  He  died  June  20 
3877,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BRIGGS,  D.  LUTHER,  business  man, 
public  official,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  12, 
1849,  in  Sackville,  N.  B.  He  has  been  suc 
cessfully  engaged  In 
the  wholesale  meat 
business  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  for 
many  years;  has 
served  as  alderman 
for  two  years,  and 
for  four  years  was 
mayor  of  the  city. 
He  has  also  been 
chairman  of  the 
town  committee, 
justice  of  the  peace, 
and  filled  various 
other  public  offices  of  honor  in  his  city, 
county  and  state.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  republican  state  league,  and  is  a 
prominent  member  of  various  secret 
orders.  In  1897  he  served  with  distinction 
as  a  member  of  the  Connecticut  state  leg 
islature,  and  was  a  member  of  several 
important  committees. 


BRIGGS,  GEORGE,  business  man,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1805, 
in  Fulton  county,  N.  Y.  He  represented 
the  city  of  New  York  in  congress  from 
1849  to  1853,  and  in  1858  was  elected  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  He  died  June  1, 
1869,  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y. 

BRIGGS,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  April  26,  1844,  in  Brandon,  Vt. 
In  1866  he  graduated  from  the  Hobart  col 
lege  of  Geneva,  N.  Y.  He  has  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Vermont  house  of  repre 
sentatives;  and  also  as  a  member  of  the 
state  senate.  He  has  been  vice-president 
of  the  Vermont  Mutual  Fire  Insurance 
company;  vice-president  of  the  Rutland 
Savings  bank;  director  of  the  National 
Life  Insurance  company;  has  been  prom 
inently  identified  with  various  other  busi 
ness  enterprises;  and  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  attorneys  of  his  state. 

BRIGGS,  GEORGE  NIXON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  congressman,  was  born 
April  12,  1796,  in  Adams,  Mass.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1831  to  1843;  and  from 
1844  to  1851  was  governor  of  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1853;  from  1853 
to  1859  held  the  position  of  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas;  was  a  trustee  of 
Williams  college  for  sixteen  years;  and  a 
noted  advocate  of  the  temperance  cause. 
He  died  Sept.  12,  1861,  in  Pittsfield,  Mass. 

BRIGGS,  HENRY  C.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  June  29,  1831,  in 
West  Haven,  Vt.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of 
Kalamazoo,  Mich.;  was  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  state  senate  in  1861-62;  was 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Kalamazoo  for 
four  years;  and  in  1868  was  elected  judge 
of  probate  of  his  county,  and  held  that 
position  for  eight  years. 

BRIGGS,  HENRY  SHAW,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1824.  He  graduated 
at  Williams  in  1844,  and  became  a  lawyer. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  he 
joined  the  army  as  colonel  of  the  tenth 
Massachusetts  volunteers,  and  distin 
guished  himself  at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks, 
where  he  was  wounded.  In  1862  he  was 
made  a  brigadier-general. 

BRIGGS,  JAMES  F.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1827, 
in  England.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1856,  1857,  1858, 
and  1874.  In  1871  he  removed  to  Man 
chester,  N.  H.;  was  a  state  senator  in 
1876;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  Hampshire  to  the  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth,  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

BRIGGS,  LE  BARON  R.,  educator,  was 
born  December,  1855,  in  Salem,  Mass.  In 
1883  he  was  appointed  instructor  in  Eng 
lish  at  Harvard;  professor  in  1890;  and  in 
1891  dean  of  the  college. 

BRIGGS,  WILLIAM  T.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1815,  in  Scit- 
uate,  Mass.  He  was  ordained  in  1846 
as  a  congregationalist  minister,  and  has 
filled  important  pastorates  in  Massachu 
setts.  During  the  war  he  served  for  a 
while  as  chaplain  in  the  Finley  hospital 
of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  has  published 
several  sermons,  many  articles  and  ad 
dresses,  and  a  few  poems. 

BRIGHAM,  AMARIAH,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1798,  in  New  Marl- 
borough,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Hartford,  and  subsequently  superinten 
dent  of  the  lunatic  asylum  of  Utica,  N.  Y. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Anatomy, 
Physiology,  and  Pathology  of  the  Brain. 
He  died  Sept.  8,  1849,  in  Utlca,  N.  Y. 

BRIGHAM,  CHARLES  HENRY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  27,  1820,  in 


Boston,  Mass.  He  became  pastor  of  a 
Unitarian  church  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  in 
1866,  and  in  the  same  year  was  chosen 
professor  of  .biblical  archaeology  and  ec 
clesiastical  history  at  Meadville,  Pa., 
Theological  school,  where  he  lectured 
twice  a  year  for  ten  years.  He  has  pub 
lished  Letters  of  Foreign  Travel  in  two 
volumes,  and  Life  of  Rev.  Simeon  Dag- 
gett.  He  died  Feb.  19,  1879,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

BRIGHAM,  ELIJAH,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1750  in  Northbor- 
ough,  Mass.  He  was  a  merchant  and  held 
many  positions  of  trust  and  responsibil 
ity.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1811  to  1816, 
when  he  resigned.  He  died  April  22,  1816, 
in  Washington  city. 

BRIGHAM,  JOSEPH  H.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1838,  in  Lodi, 
Ohio.  He  served  in  the  war  as  a  lieuten 
ant-colonel,  and  subsequently  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  state  senate.  For  ten  years 
he  was  master  of  the  State  Grange,  and 
has  been  prominent  in  the  improvements 
of  his  state. 

BRIGHAM,  LEWIS  A.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1831, 
in  York  Mills,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  su 
perintendent  of  the  public  schools  of  the 
city  of  Bergen,  N.  J.,  from  1866  to  1870; 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  police  com 
missioners  of  Jersey  City  from  1874  to 
ISZfi,  and  was  a  representative  of  the  state 
legislature  in  1877.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress  as  a  republican.  He  died 
Feb.  20,  1886. 

BRIGHAM,  PAUL,  soldier,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1745.  He  was  four  years  a  cap 
tain  in  the  revolutionary  army,  was  high 
sheriff  of  Windsor  county,  Vt.,  for  five 
years,  major-general  of  militia,  and  chief 
judge  of  the  county  court  for  five  years. 
He  was  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state 
from  1796  till  1813,  and  again  from  1815 
till  1820.  From  Aug.  25  till  Oct.  16,  1797, 
he  was  acting  governor.  He  died  June 
16,  1824,  in  Norwich,  Vt. 

BRIGHAM,  WILLARD  I.  TYLER, 
lawyer,  genealogist,  was  born  May  31, 
1859,  in  Montpelier,  Vt.  For  five  years  he 
was  on  the  Shakespearian  stage,  with  such 
stars  as  Booth  and  Barrett.  He  is  the  his 
torian  of  the  Brigham  and  Tyler  Families' 
associations  of  the  United  States;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  England  Historical  Genea 
logical  society;  Sons  of  the  Revolution; 
Society  Colonial  Wars  and  various  other 
societies.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
verse  and  has  followed  his  profession  of 
law  with  success  in  Grand  Rapids,  Minne 
apolis  and  Chicago. 

BRIGHAM,  WILLIAM  TUFTS,  natural 
ist,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1841  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  nat 
uralist  now  at  Honolulu  in  charge  of  the 
government  museum,  and  is  the  author  of 
Volcanic  Manifestations  in  New  England; 
Guatemala:  and  the  Land  of  the  Quetzal, 
a  volume  of  travels. 

BRIGHT,  JESSE  D.,  jurist,  state  sena 
tor,  lieutenant,  governor.  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1812,  in  Nor 
wich,  N.  Y.  He  was  circuit  judge  of  In 
diana;  state  senator;  marshal  of  the 
United  States  for  the  district  of  Indiana; 
and  lieutenant-governor  of  that  state. 
He  was  a  United  States  senator  from  In 
diana  from  1845  to  1857,  and  president  of 
the  senate  during  several  sessions.  He 
was  elected  for  an  additional  term  in  1857, 
for  six  years.  He  subsequently  settled  in 
Kentucky,  and  was  elected  to  the  senate 
of  that  state.  He  died  May  20,  1875,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


149 


BRIGHT,  JOHN  MORGAN,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  20, 
1817,  in  Fayetteville,  Tenn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Tennessee  in 
1847  and  1848.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth 
and  forty-sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

BRIGHT,  JONATHAN  BROWN,  author, 
was  born  April  23,  1800,  in  Waltham, 
Mass.  He  became  interested  in  genealo 
gy,  and  made  many  researches  into  his 
family  history  both  here  and  in  England, 
the  results  of  which  were  published  in  a 
volume  intended  for  private  distribution, 
which  has  been  pronounced  a  model  for 
works  of  its  kind.  It  is  entitled  The 
Brights  of  Suffolk,  England,  represented 
in  America  by  the  Descendants  of  Henry 
Bright,  Jr.,  who  settled  at  Watertown, 
Mass.,  about  1630.  He  left  to  Harvard 
college  $50,000,  the  income  to  be  divided 
between  the  purchase  of  books  and  the 
support  of  scholarships,  to  which  Brights 
lineally  descended  from  Henry  Bright, 
Jr.,  should  have  priority  of  claim.  He 
died  Dec.  17,  1879,  in  Waltham,  Mass. 

BRIGHT,  MARSHAL  H.,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
18,  1834,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.  In  1854  he  be 
came  assistant  editor  of  the  Albany  Ar 
gus,  and  was  a  reporter  in  the  New 
York  state  senate.  He  was  brevetted 
major  for  his  services  during  the 
war,  and,  after  resigning  his  commission 
at  its  close,  engaged  in  silver  mining  in 
Nevada.  In  1873  he  became  managing 
editor  of  the  Christian  at  Work,  of  New 
York  city,  and  in  1880  its  editor-in-chief. 
He  has  contributed  to  periodicals  on  the 
ological,  scientific  and  philosophical  sub 
jects,  and  has  delivered  public  addresses. 

BRIGHTLY,  FRANCIS  FREDERICK, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1845,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  Digest 
of  the  Laws  of  Philadelphia,  1701-1887. 

BRIGHTLY,  FREDERICK  CHARLES, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1812,  in 
England.  He  is  an  eminent  Philadelphia 
jurist,  and  the  author  of  Treatise  on 
Law  of  Costs;  Nisi  Prius  Reports;  Equit 
able  Jurisdiction  of  the  Laws  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  the  United 
States,  1789-1869;  Digest  of  the  Decisions 
of  the  Federal  Courts;  Bankrupt  Law  of 
the  United  States;  and  Leading  Cases  in 
the  Law  of  Elections,  include  the  larger 
number  of  his  legal  writings.  He  died  in 
1888. 

BRIGNOLI,  PASQUALE,  vocalist,  was 
born  in  1824,  in  Naples.  He  has  attained 
a  national  reputation  as  a  vocalist,  and  is 
the  author  of  Martha;  and  Good-Bye, 
Sweetheart,  Good-bye.  He  died  Oct.  30, 
1884,  in  New  York  city. 

BRILL,  HASCAL  R.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Aug.  10,  1846,  in  Canada.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  Hamlin  univer 
sity,  and  at  the  university  of  Michigan. 
In  1872  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  pro 
bate  court  of  Ramsey  county,  Minn.,  to 
which  state  he  had  moved  in  1859.  In 
1875  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas,  and  received  the  re-elec 
tion  for  seven  years.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  the  second  judicial  district  in 
1882,  in  1888,  and  again  in  1894,  with 
headquarters  in  St.  Paul.  He  is  a  bril 
liant  lecturer,  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  current  literature. 

BRIMMER,  MARTIN,  author,  was  born 
in  1829  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  prom 
inent  citizen  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of 
Egypt:  Three  Essays  on  the  History,  Re 
ligion  and  Art  of  Ancient  Egypt.  He  died 
in  1896,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


BRIMSON,  WILLIAM  GEORGE,  rail 
road  president.  Since  1891  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Eastern  Chicago  and  Ke- 
nosha;  the  Joliet  and  Blue  Island;  and 
the  Milwaukee  and  Bay  View  and  Chi 
cago  railways. 

BRINKER,  WILLIAM  HUGH,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1851,  in  Craw 
ford  county,  Mo.  He  was  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Johnson  county,  Mo., 
and  was  twice  re-elected,  serving  three 
successive  terms.  In  1885  he  was  appoint 
ed  by  President  Cleveland  an  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  Terri 
tory  of  New  Mexico. 

BRINKERHOFF,  HENRY  R.,  soldier, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1788 
in  Adams  county,  Pa.  In  the  last  war  with 
England  he  served  in  command  of  a  vol 
unteer  company,  and  distinguished  him 
self  at  the  battle  of  Queenstown.  He  was 
twice  elected  to  the  New  York  legislature, 
and  for  many  years  held  the  office  of 
major-general  of  the  New  York  militia. 
In  1837  he  removed  to  Ohio,  and  was  elect 
ed  to  congress  as  representative  from  that 
state  in  1843.  He  died  April  30,  1844,  in 
Huron  county,  Ohio. 

BRINKERHOFF,  JACOB,  congressman, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1810  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1843  to  1847.  He  died  July  19, 
1S80,  in  Mansfield,  Ohio. 

BRINKERHOFF,  ROELIFF,  soldier, 
was  born  June  28,  1828,  in  Owasco,  N.  Y. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war;  and  attained 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  In  1891  he 
was  vice-president  of  the  Mansfield  Sav 
ings  bank  of  Ohio;  and  is  also  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  National  Prison  congress. 

BRINKERHOFF,  WILLIAM,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  July  19, 
1843,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war  as  private.  In  1865  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  New  Jersey,  and  in 
1867  was  elected  counsel  for  Hudson 
county.  In  1883  he  was  elected  to  the 
New  Jersey  senate;  and  in  1884  was  ap 
pointed  corporation  counsel  of  New  Jer 
sey. 

BRINLEY,  CHARLES,  surveyor,  busi 
ness  man,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1847,  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  In  1864-65  he  was  at 
tached  to  the  field  party  of  the  California 
state  geological  survey,  and  was  with 
the  engineers  employed  by  the  United 
States  government  to  survey  a  wagon- 
road  to  Colorado  river.  Since  1872  he  has 
been  superintendent  of  large  steel  works 
near  Philadelphia,  and  of  a  sugar  refinery 
in  that  city. 

BRINLEY,  FRANCIS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1800, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Boston  common  council  for  several 
years,  and  its  president  in  1850  and  1851. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of 
the  legislature  in  1832,  1850  and  1854,  and 
in  1852,  1853  and  1863  of  the  state  sen 
ate.  In  1853  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention.  He  has 
published  an  Address  before  the  Franklin 
Debating  Society  of  Boston,  and  a  life  of 
his  brother-in-law,  William  T.  Porter, 
founder  of  the  Spirit  of  the  Times. 

BRINTON,  DANIEL  GARRISON,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  author,  was  born  May 
13,  1837,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He  is  an 
archseological  writer  and  publisher,  as 
well  as  physician,  of  Philadelphia,  whose 
researches  in  aboriginal  history  and  liter 
ature  have  been  very  extensive.  A  profes 
sor  of  archaeology  in  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania  since  1880.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Myths  of  the  New  World;  The  Re 
ligious  Sentiment;  American  Hero-Myths; 
Aboriginal  American  Authors;  The  Flori- 
dian  Peninsula;  Races  and  Peoples;  Es 


says  of  an  Americanist;  The  Lenape  and 
their  Legends.  He  has  edited  the  Maya 
Chronicles;  The  Comedy-Ballet  of  Giie- 
guence;  and  Aboriginal  American  Anthol 
ogy. 

BRISBANE,  ABBOTT  HALL,  soldier, 
military  engineer,  author,  was  born  in 
South  Carolina.  He  served  in  the  Flori 
da  war  against  the  Seminole  Indians  in 
1835-36  as  colonel  of  South  Carolina  vol 
unteers.  He  was  the  author  of  a  political 
romance,  Ralphton,  or  the  Young  Caro 
linian  of  1776.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1861,  in 
Summerville,  S.  C. 

BRISBANE,  MRS.  MARGARET  HUNT, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1858,  in  Vicksburg, 
Miss.  She  is  a  popular  poet  of  the  south 
at  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

BRISBANE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  finan 
cier,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1851,  in  Allen- 
town,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  public  and  Quaker  schools  of  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  and  has  been  principally  en 
gaged  in  mining,  real  estate  and  cattle  in 
Leadville,  Colo.  He  has  been  the  state 
treasurer  of  Colorado,  and  has  filled  nu 
merous  positions  of  honor  in  the  republic 
an  party  of  that  state. 

BRISBIN,  JAMES  A.,  soldier,  was  born 
May  23,  1837,  in  Boalsburg,  Pa.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war,  and  for  his  gallantry 
was  made  brigadier-general. 

BRISBIN,  JAMES  SANKS,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1837,  in  Boalsburg,  Pa. 
He  was  a  United  States  cavalry  officer; 
and  the  author  of  Campaign  Lives  of 
Grant  and  Colfax;  The  Beef  Bonanza; 
and  Trees  and  Tree  Planting.  He  died  in 
1892. 

BRISTED,  CHARLES  ASTOR,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1820,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  magazinist  of  New 
York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Five  Years 
in  an  English  Uni 
versity;  The  Upper 
Ten  Thousand;  The 
Interference  Theory 
of  Government; 
Pieces  of  a  Broken- 
down  Critic;  and 
Anacreontics.  He 
was  a  son  of  John 
Bristed,  the  noted 
clergyman  and  au 
thor.  He  died  Jan. 
15,  1874,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BRISTED,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1778  in  England.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  of  Rhode  Island.  His 
principal  works  are  Critical  and  Philo 
sophical  Essays;  Resources  of  the  United 
States,  1818;  Anglo-American  Churches; 
Edward  and  Anna:  a  Novel;  and  A  Pedes 
trian  Tour  through  the  Highlands  of  Scot 
land.  He  died  Feb.  23,  1855,  in  Bristol, 
R.  I. 

BRISTER,  EDWIN  M.  P.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  poet,  was  born  June  26,  1850,  in  Cadiz, 
Ohio.  He  first  worked  as  a  printer;  sub 
sequently  attending 
the  Denison  univer 
sity,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1887, 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  three  years 
later.  He  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession 
with  success  in  New 
ark,  Ohio,  where  he 
has  also  filled  the 
office  of  probate 
judge.  His  poems 
have  appeared  in  the 
leading  newspapers  and  magazines,  and 
in  several  standard  collections. 


150 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BRISTOL,  MRS.  AUGUSTA  COOPER, 
educator,  lecturer,  poet,  was  born  April 
17,  1835,  in  Croydon,  N.  H.  She  attended 
the  Canaan  Union 
academy  and  ths 
Kimball  Union  acad 
emy,  and  then  began 
educational  work.  In 
1869  she  published  a 
volume  of  poems  and 
has  since  contributed 
extensively,  both 
prose  and  verse,  to 
current  literature. 
For  several  years  she 
was  president  of 
the  Ladies'  Social 

Science  class  in  Vineland,  N.  J.;  in  1880 
she  gave  a  course  of  lectures  before  the 
New  York  Positivist  society  on  The  Evo 
lution  of  Character,  and  has  since  become 
well  known  throughout  America  as  a  lec 
turer  of  great  ability.  Her  works  are: 
Poems;  The  Relation  of  the  Maternal 
Function  to  the  Woman's  Intellect;  The 
Philosophy  of  Art;  Science  and  its  Rela 
tions  to  Character;  The  Present  Phase 
of  Woman's  Advancement;  and  The  Web 
of  Life,  a  collection  of  verse. 

BRISTOL,  JOHN  BUNYAN,  landscape 
painter,  was  born  March  14,  1826,  in 
Hillsdale,  N.  Y.  At  the  beginning  of  his 
career  he  painted  figures  and  portraits, 
but  afterward  turned  his  attention  ex 
clusively  to  landscapes.  His  studies  were 
from  nature.  Among  his  works  are  Au 
tumn  Afternoon,  Bolton,  Lake  George; 
Sunrise,  Mount  Mansfield;  Adirondacks, 
from  Lake  Champlain;  and  On  the  St. 
John's  River,  Florida. 

BRISTOL,  WARREN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  state  senator,  was  born  March 
19,  1823,  in  Stafford,  N.  Y.  He  held  suc 
cessively  the  offices  of  district  attorney 
and  judge  of  probate,  in  Red  Wing  coun 
ty,  Minn.;  and  was  president  of  the  first 
republican  state  convention  of  Minnesota, 
in  1855,  which  was  held  at  St.  Paul,  and 
at  which  the  republican  party  was  first 
organized  in  that  state.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  national  convention 
of  1864;  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1865;  and  was  a  state  senator 
from  1866  to  1870.  In  1872  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Grant,  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Mex 
ico,  and  was  re-appointed  by  President 
Grant  in  1876  and  by  President  Hayes  in 
1880. 

BRISTOL,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1779  in  Hamden,  Conn.  He 
was  judge  of  the  United  States  district 
court  for  the  state  of.  Connecticut;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  superior  court  of 
that  state  from  1819  to  1826.  He  died 
March  7,  1836,  in  New  Haven. 

BRISTOL,  WILLIAM  HOAG,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  March  18, 1828,  in  Ransom- 
ville,  N.  Y.  He  has  edited  and  published 
various  papers  in  Kankakee,  Janesville, 
and  Galena,  111.  In  1863-64  he  wrote  and 
published  a  valuable  and  interesting  his 
tory  of  Kankakee  county,  and  later  com 
piled  other  historical  works. 

BRISTOW,  BENJAMIN  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  public  official,  was  born  June  20,  1832, 
in  Elkton,  Ky.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
army  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  twenty- 
fifth  Kentucky  infantry;  and  subsequent 
ly  commanded  the  eighth  Kentucky  cav 
alry.  While  serving  in  the  field  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  for  four  years; 
1866  he  was  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  district  of  Kentucky, 
and  in  1870  was  appointed  solicltor-K€;ii- 
oral  of  the  United  States.  He  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  the  treasury  in  1874. 


BRISTOW,  FRANCIS  M.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  11, 
1804,  in  Nicholasville,  Ky.  In  1831  and 
1833  he  was  elected  to  the  Kentucky  legis 
lature;  in  1846  to  the  state  senate;  and 
in  1849  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention.  In  1854  he  was 
elected  a  representative  In  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy;  and  in  1859  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  He  died  June  10.  1864,  in 
Elkton,  Ky. 

BRISTOW,  FRANK  L.,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  April  25,  1844,  in  Jackson 
ville,  111.  He  has  been  secretary  of  the 
State  Teachers'  association  and  president 
of  the  same;  has  taught  instrumental  and 
vocal  music  in  most  of  the  southern 
states,  and  has  resided  in  Covington  for 
twenty  years.  He  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  collections  of  singing  books  for 
classes,  and  two  cantatas  for  ladies' 
voices,  Rainbow  and  Pleiades,  as  well  as 
other  compositions  for  chorus. 

BRISTOW,  GEORGE  F.,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1825,  in  New 
York.  He  is  an  organist  and  violinist, 
and  the  composer  of  the  opera  Rip  Van 
Winkle. 

BRISTOW,  JAMES  TAZEWELL,  sol 
dier,  business  man,  was  born  June  1,  1837, 
in  Bennettsville,  S.  C.  During  the  war 
he  served  as  a  soldier,  and  rose  to  the 
grade  of  colonel.  After  the  war  he  went 
into  business  in  Timmonsville,  S.  C. ;  and 
in  1876  he  was  appointed  auditor  of  Darl 
ington  county,  which  position  he  filled  for 
several  terms.  In  1885  he  was  elected 
secretary  of  the  Darlington  Manufactur 
ing  company,  one  of  the  largest  cotton 
mills  in  the  south,  which  position  he  held 
until  his  death,  on  April  21,  1892. 

BRISTOW,  LOUIS  JOHNSON,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1876,  in  Florence, 
S.  C.  For  several  years  he  edited  the 
Georgia  Reporter,  and  is  now  the  editor 
and  owner  of  the  County  Record  of  Kings- 
tree,  S.  C. 

BRITTAN,  NATHAN,  educator,  lawyer, 
inventor,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1808,  in  bpen- 
cer,  Mass.  In  1851  his  attention  was  di 
rected  to  the  inadequacy  of  the  lightning- 
rods  in  use  in  that  part  of  the  country, 
and  he  immediately  devoted  himself  to 
the  study  of  the  laws  of  atmospheric  elec 
tricity,  and  invented  a  new  conductor, 
known  as  the  continuous  copper-strip, 
which  was  patented  and  received  with 
general  favor.  He  died  Jan.  3,  1872,  in 
Adrian,  Mich. 

BRITTON,  ALEXANDER  T.,  soldier, 
capitalist,  lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1835. 
in  New  York  city.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in 
the  old  national  rifles  of  Washington, 
D.  C.  In  1865  he  organized  the  law  firm 
of  Britton  and  Gray,  and  in  1877  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Hayes  one  of  the 
commission  to  codify  the  public  land 
laws.  He  is  director  in  several  large 
charitable  institutions,  street  railroads 
and  banks. 

BRITTS,  MRS.  MATTIE  DYER,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1842  in  New  York  city. 
She  is  the  author  of  sixteen  books  for 
young  people,  two  novels,  and  a  number 
of  poems  and  hymns.  The  most  notable 
of  her  prose  works  are  Edward  Lee,  and 
Nobody's  Boy. 

BROADDUS,  ANDREW,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1770,  in  Caro 
lina  county,  Va.  He  was  a  baptist  cler 
gyman  once  noted  as  a  pulpit  orator.  He 
was  the  author  of  History  of  the  Bible; 
Form  of  Church  Discipline:  and  Letters 
and  Sermons.  He  died  Dec.  1,  1848,  in  Vir 
ginia. 


BROADHEAD,  GARLAND  CARR,  ge 
ologist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1827,  in 
Charlottesville,  Va.  In  1875  he  was  em 
ployed  by  the  Smithsonian  institution  to 
make  collections  in  Missouri  for  the  cen 
tennial  exhibition,  and  in  1884  collected 
objects  for  the  New  Orleans  exhibition. 
The  results  of  his  geological  investiga 
tions  in  Missouri  are  published  m  Mis 
souri  Geological  Reports,  and  Missouri 
Geological  Survey. 

BROADHEAD,  JAMES  O.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  29,  1819,  in  Charlottesville, 
Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
house  of  representatives  of  Missouri 
in  1847;  a  state  senator  from  1850 
to  1854;  a  delegate  to  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1861;  and 
United  States  district  attorney  for  the 
eastern  district  of  Missouri  in  that  year. 
He  was  provost-marshal-general  of  the 
department  of  the  Missouri  in  1863;  mem 
ber  of  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion  in  1875;  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

BROADHEAD,  JOHN  C.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1831  to  1833,  and  again 
from  1837  to  1839. 

BROADUS,  JOHN  ALBERT,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1827,  in  Virginia. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
seminary.  He  was  the  author  of  Prepa 
ration  and  Delivery  of  Sermons;  Lectures 
on  Preaching;  Sermons  and  Addresses; 
and  Jesus  of  Nazareth.  He  died  in  1895. 

BROADWATER,  CHARLES  ARTHUR, 
banker,  railroad  president,  was  born  Sept. 
25,  1840,  in  St.  Charles,  Mo.  In  1882  he 
founded  the  Montana  National  bank,  of 
which  he  was  president.  The  Montana 
Central  railroad,  of  which  he  was  the 
president,  was  built  by  him,  and  he  was 
president  of  banks  in  Great  Falls,  Living 
ston  and  Neihart,  and  otherwise  active  in 
affairs.  He  died  May  24,  1892. 

BROADWAY,  AUGUSTINE  W.,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1854. 
in  England.  He  is  a  graduate  of  Syracuse 
university,  and  has  received  the  degrees 
of  A.  B.,  A.  M.  and  Ph.  D.  He  taught 
school  for  three  years,  and  in  1886  be 
came  pastor  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  of  Palmyra,  N.  Y.  For  six  years 
he  filled  a  pastorate  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Geneva. 

BROCHUS,  PERRY  E.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Virginia.  He  was  an  early  emigrant 
to  Utah,  and  in  1850  was  appointed  a 
United  States  judge  for  that  territory. 

BROCK,  EUGENE,  legislator,  was  born 
May  6,  1853,  in  Newbury,  Vt.  He  went 
to  California  in  1874,  and  the  following 
year  to  Washington.  He  has  been  active 
in  the  development  of  that  state,  and  for 
four  years  was  a  member  of  the  Washing 
ton  legislature. 

BROCK,  SIDNEY  G.,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  10,  1837,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He 
was  mayor  of  Macon  three  times,  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  his  county;  chief  of 
bureau  of  statistics,  Washington,  D.  C.; 
and  well  known  as  a  writer  for  various 
journals. 

BROCKENBOROUGH,  WILLIAM,  jur 
ist,  legislator,  was  born  July  10,  1778.  He 
represented  Essex  county  in  the  legisla 
ture,  and  was  subsequently  a  councilor. 
He  became  judge  of  the  general  court  in 
1809,  and  retained  that  office  until  1834, 
when  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  court  of  appeals,  an  office  that  he 
retained  until  his  death.  He  died  Dec.  10, 
1838,  in  Richmond,  Va. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


151 


BROCKENBROUGH,  JOHN,  bishop  co 
adjutor  of  Virginia,  was  born  Feb.  7, 
1839,  in  Westmoreland  county,  Va.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  was  first  an  assistant 
and  then  a  full  surgeon  in  the  Confeder 
ate  states  army,  and  served  throughout 
the  war.  When  peace  was  restored,  he 
practiced  medicine  for  a  time  in  West 
moreland  county.  He  was  elected  bishop- 
coadjutor  in  1894,  and  consecrated  the 
same  year. 

BROCKENBROUGH,  LAWRENCE 
RUSH,  railroad  manager,  was  born  Nov. 
18,  1853,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  He  has  been 
connected  with  the  management  of  sev 
eral  railroads;  and  since  1895  has  been 
general  passenger  agent  of  the  Ohio 
Southern  railroad  at  Springfield,  Ohio. 

BROCKENBROUGH,  WILLIAM  H., 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1813.  He  went  to  Flori 
da,  and  under  the  territorial  government 
he  was  a  senator  from  the  western  dis 
trict  and  at  one  time  president  of  the 
senate.  He  was  United  States  district  at 
torney,  and  also  judge;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Florida  from 
1845  to  1847.  He  was  also  a  presidential 
elector  on  several  occasions.  He  died 
June,  1850,  in  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

BROCKETT,  HATTIE  FOSTER 
NOURSE,  philanthropist,  was  born  Feb. 
22,  1866,  in  Charleston,  W.  Va.  She  is 
prominently  connected  with  various  so 
cieties;  and  is  the  vice-president  of  the 
National  Society  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution. 

BROCKETT,  LINUS  PIERPONT,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1820,  in 
Canton,  Conn.  He  was  a  prolific  writer 
of  Hartford,  among  whose  many  produc 
tions  are  History  of  Education;  Our  Great 
Captains;  The  Year  of  Battles:  a  History 
of  the  Franco-German  War  of  1870;  Epi 
demics  and  Contagious  Diseases;  The 
Silk  Industry  in  America;  Our  Western 
Empire,  an  account  of  the  resources  of  the 
United  States  west  of  the  Mississippi; 
and  The  Great  Metropolis.  He  died  in  1893. 
BROCKLESBY,  JOHN,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1811,  in  England. 
He  was  professor  of  mathematics  and  nat 
ural  philosophy  in  Trinity  college,  Hart 
ford,  from  1842  to  1873,  and  professor  of 
natural  philosophy  and  astronomy  from 
1873  till  1882.  He  was  acting  president  of 
the  college  in  1860,  1864,  1866,  1867  and 
1874.  His  works  include  Elements  of 
Meteorology;  Views  of  the  Microscopic 
World;  Elements  of  Astronomy;  and  Ele 
ments  of  Physical  Geography. 

BROCKWAY,  JOHN  HALL,  educator, 
lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1801  in  Ellington,  Conn.  He  frequently 
served  in  the  state  legislature;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Connecti 
cut  from  1839  to  1843.  He  died  July  29, 
1870,  in  Ellington. 

BRODERICK,  CASE,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  23, 
1839,  in  Grant  county,  Ind.  He  enlisted  at 
Fort  Scott,  Kas.,  as 
a  private  soldier  in 
the  second  Kansas 
battery,  in  1862,  and 
was  mustered  out  at 
Leavenworth  in  Au 
gust,  1865.  He  was 
elected  probate  judge 
of  Jackson  county  in 
1868,  and  was  twice 
re-elected;  studied 
law  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  at 
Holton  in  1870;  and 
was  elected  county  attorney  of  Jackson 
county  in  1876  and  re-elected  in  1878.  He 
was  elected  state  senator  in  1880  to  repre 


sent  Jackson  and  Pottawatomie  counties 
and  in  1884  was  appointed  by  President 
Arthur  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Idaho  for  the  term  of  four  years. 
He  removed  at  once  to  Boise  City,  Idaho, 
assumed  the  duties  of  the  position,  and 
served  until  the  fall  of  1888,  when  he  re 
turned  to  Holton  and  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  law.  He  is  largely  interested  in 
farming  and  stock  raising  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  and  fif 
ty-fourth  congresses  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BRODERICK,  DAVID  COLBRETH, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  4, 
1820,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  removed 
to  California  in  1849,  and  engaged  in  the 
business  of  smelting  and  assaying  gold. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
drafted  the  constitution  of  that  state: 
served  two  years  in  the  California  sen 
ate,  and  was  president  of  that  body  in 
1851.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  California  in  1856,  for  the  long 
term,  taking  his  seat  during  the  second 
session  of  the  thirty-fourth  congress.  He 
died  Sept.  16,  1859,  near  Lake  Merced,  Gal. 

BRODHEAD,  DANIEL,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1736  in  Virginia.  He  raised  in 
1775  a  company  of  riflemen  who  served 
in  the  battle  of  Long  Island.  He  was  ap 
pointed  colonel  of  the  eighth  Pennsyl 
vania  regiment,  and  in  April,  1778,  led  a 
successful  expedition  against  the  Mus- 
kingum  Indians.  He  made  two  important 
treaties  with  the  Indians,  one  of  them 
July  22,  1779,  with  the  Cherokees,  and  re 
ceived  the  thanks  of  congress  for  his  suc 
cess.  He  was  for  many  years  surveyor- 
general  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died  Nov.  15,* 
1809,  in  Milford,  Pa. 

BRODHEAD,  MRS.  EVA  WILDER,  au 
thor.  She  is  a  popular  novelist;  and  the 
author  of  One  of  the  Visconti;  Diana's 
Livery;  An  Earthly  Paragon;  Ministers 
of  Grace;  and  Bound  in  Shallows. 

BRODHEAD,  JOHN,  clergyman,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1770.  He  was  a 
minister  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church  for  forty-four  years;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1829  to  1833.  He  died 
April  7,  1838,  in  New  Market,  N.  H. 

BROUHEAD,  JOHN  ROMEYN,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1814,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  a  painstaking,  accurate  writer, 
whose  work,  if  somewhat  lacking  in  pic- 
turesqueness,  is  of  lasting  value.  He  was 
the  author  of  History  of  the  State  of  New 
York;  and  The  Government  of  Sir  Ed 
mund  Andros  over  New  England.  His 
work  consists  of  eighty  volumes  of  infor 
mation  of  the  colonial  history  of  New 
York.  He  died  May  6,  1873,  in  New  York 
city. 

BRODHEAD,  RICHARD,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1811 
in  Pike  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  1843  to  1849;  and 
a  senator  of  the  United  States  senate  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1851  to  1857.  He  died 
Sept.  16,  1863,  in  Easton,  Pa. 

BRODHEAD,  THORNTON  F.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  public  official,  was  born  in  1822 
in  New  Hampshire.  He  served  through 
the  Mexican  war  as  an  officer  in  the  fif 
teenth  infantry,  and  was  twice  brevetted 
for  bravery.  Resuming  the  practice  of  his 
profession  after  the  war,  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate,  and  in  1852  appointed 
postmaster  of  Detroit.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  civil  war  he  raised  the  first  Michi 
gan  cavalry  regiment,  at  the  head  of 
which  he  served  under  Gens.  Banks,  Fre 
mont  and  Pope.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1862, 
in  Alexandria,  Va.,  of  wounds  received  at 
the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run. 


BROGDEN,  CURTIS  H.,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  governor.  He  early  took  an  in 
terest  in  military  affairs  and  became  a 
general  of  militia.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  in  1838,  and  in  one  or  the 
other  of  the  two  houses  served  therein 
for  nearly  twenty  years.  He  was  for  ten 
years,  from  1857,  comptroller  of  the  state. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  from  1868; 
and  in  1869  was  appointed  a  collector  of 
internal  revenue.  After  the  additional 
service  of  four  years  in  the  state  senate  in 
1872,  he  was  elected  lieutenant-governor; 
and  on  the  death  of  Governor  Caldwell,  in 
1874,  became  the  governor  of  the  state. 
He  was  also  a  justice  of  Wayne  county; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
North  Carolina  to  the  forty-fifth  congress. 
BROKAW,  ISAAC  VAIL,  merchant,  was 
born  Nov.  27,  1835,  in  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.  He  formed  a  partnership  and  be 
gan  a  clothing  busi 
ness  under  the  firm 
name  of  Dunham  and 
Brokaw.  This  busi 
ness  was  most  suc 
cessfully  carried  on 
from  1856  to  1861, 
when  Mr.  Dunham 
retired,  and  Mr.  Bro 
kaw  continued  the 
business  under  his 
own  name.  In  1866 
he  admitted  to  part 
nership  his  brother, 
William  Vail  Brokaw,  thereafter  adopting 
the  name  of  Brokaw  Brothers,  of  New 
York  city. 

BROMBERG,  FREDERICK  GEORGE, 
educator,  congressman,  was  born  June  19, 
1837,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  appoint 
ed  treasurer  of  the  city  of  Mobile  in  1867, 
and  served  until  1869.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  of  Alabama  from  1868 
to  1872;  and  was  appointed  postmaster  of 
Mobile  in  1869,  and  removed  in  1871.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and  forty.- 
fcurth  congresses. 

BROMFIELD,  JOHN,  merchant,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  April  11,  1779,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  In  1845  he  gave  to 
the  Boston  Athenaeum  $25,000,  and  at  his 
death  he  left  munificent  bequests  to  sev 
eral  charitable  institutions.  He  died  Dec. 
8,  1849,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BROMLEY,  ISAAC  HILL,  journalist, 
legislator,  author,  was  born  March  6,  1833, 
in  Norwich,  Conn.  In  1858  he  began  the 
publication  of  the  Norwich  Morning  Bul 
letin.  He  served  as  captain  in  1862,  and 
afterward  was  provost-marshal.  In  1866 
he  was  a  member  of  the  legislature;  In 
1868-72  he  was  editor  and  part  proprietor 
of  the  Hartford  Evening  Post;  in  1872 
a  writer  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  New 
York  Sun;  and  editorial  writer  on  the  New 
York  Tribune  from  1873  till  1883.  He  died 
Aug.  11,  1898. 

BROMWELL,  HENRY  P.  H.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  29,  1823,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  From 
1852  to  1854  he  was  the  publisher  and  edi 
tor  of  the  Age  of  Steam  and  Fire,  at 
Vandalia.  In  1853  he  was  elected  judge 
of  Fayette  county  for  four  years;  and  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1860.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Illinois 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fortieth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

BROMWELL,  JACOB  H.,  educator,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  May  11,  1847, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  taught  in  the  Cin 
cinnati  high  schools  for  seventeen  years. 
He  was  assistant  county  solicitor  of  Ham 
ilton  county  for  four  years;  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses. 


152 


HESRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BRONDEL,  JOHN  B.,  Roman  catholic 
bishop,  was  born  in  1842,  in  Belgium.  He 
was  consecrated  bishop  of  Vancouver  is 
land  in  1879,  appointed  administrator  of 
the  vicariate  apostolic  of  Montana  in  1883, 
and  in  1884  consecrated  bishop  of  Helena 
in  the  same  territory. 

BRONSON,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  congressman.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  legislature  as  representative  in  1832 
and  1834,  and  as  senator  in  1846.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Nor- 
ridgewock,  Maine,  from  1841  to  1843.  From 
1854  to  1857  he  was  judge  of  probate  for 
Sagadahock  county.  He  died  in  Novem 
ber,  1863,  in  Talbot  county,  Md. 

BRONSON,  GREENE  CARRIER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1789,  in  Oneida, 
N.  Y.  In  1819  he  was  chosen  surrogate 
of  Oneida  county;  in  1822  was  a  member  of 
the  assembly,  and  in  1829  elected  attorney- 
general,  which  office  he  held  up  to  1836, 
at  which  time  he  became  one  of  the  puisne 
judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  judicature. 
He  was  next  appointed  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  in  1845,  and  two  years  sub 
sequently  one  of  the  judges  of  the  court 
of  appeals,  then  just  organized.  He  died 
Sept.  3,  1863,  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y. 

BRONSON,  ISAAC  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1802,  in 
Rutland,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1837  to 
1839.  In  1839  he  was  appointed  one  of 
the  territorial  judges  of  Florida,  and  from 
that  time  until  his  death  served  continu 
ally  on  the  bench,  at  the  time  of  his 
death  being  district  judge  of  the  United 
States  for  northern  Florida.  He  died  Aug 
13,  1855,  in  Palatka,  Fla. 

BRONSON,  SHERLOCK  A.,  college 
president,  was  born  April  21,  1807,  in 
Waterbury,  Conn.  He  was  appointed  pres 
ident  of  Kenyon  college  in  1845,  and  held 
that  office  until  1850.  In  1870  he  began  to 
supply  the  pulpit  of  Grace  church  of 
Mansfield,  of  which  he  became  rector  in 
1872;  continuing  in  active  pastoral  work 
until  1889.  He  died  May  17,  1890  in  Mans 
field,  Ohio. 

BRONSON,  SILAS,  philanthropist  was 
born  in  Middleborough,  Conn.  He  ac 
quired  a  fortune,  and  among  other  be 
quests,  left  $200,000  to  found  a  public  li 
brary  in  Waterbury,  Conn.  He  died  Nov 
25,  1867,  in  New  York. 

BROOKE,  A.  L.,  farmer,  horticulturist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1847, 
near  Lancaster,  Ohio.  For  fifteen  years  he 
taught  school  in  his  native  state;  and  in 
1886  became  a  farmer  and  nurseryman  in 
North  Topeka,  Kan.  He  has  served  as 
president  of  the  American  Association  of 
Nurserymen;  and  in  1897  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Kansas  state  legislature. 

BROOKE,  FRANCIS  J.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1763,  in  Smith- 
field,  Va.  In  1780  he  joined  Harrison's 
regiment  of  artillery  as  lieutenant,  and 
afterward  joined  Greene's  army,  and 
served  until  the  end  of  the  war.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  house  of  delegates  in 
1794,  removed  to  Fredericksburg  in  1796, 
and  in  1800  was  chosen  to  the  state  senate 
becoming  its  speaker.  In  1804  he  was 
elected  a  judge  of  the  general  court,  and 
in  1811  a  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals,  of 
which  he  was  president  for  eight  years. 
In  1831  he  was  re-elected  judge  of  the 
same  court,  and  retained  the  office  until 
his  death.  He  died  March  3,  1851. 

BROOKE,  FRANCIS  KEY,  bishop  of 
Oklahoma,  I.  T.,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1852,  in 
Gambler,  Ohio.  He  served  successively  at 
College  Hill,  Portsmouth,  Piqua,  and  San- 
dusky,  Ohio.  He  was  rector  of  St.  Peter's 
church  of  St.  Louis  from  1886  to  1888; 
and  at  Atchison,  Kan.,  from  1888  to  1892. 


BROOKE,  FRANCIS  MARK,  soldier, 
merchant,  lawyer,  was  born  July  4,  1836, 
in  Radnor,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war  as  a  private;  in  1863  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Delaware  county,  Pa.; 
and  in  1864  he  formed  the  co-partnership 
of  F.  M.  and  H.  Brooke,  grain  merchants 
of  Valley  Forge,  Pa. 

BROOKE,  GEORGE  MERCER,  soldier, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  His  first  brevet, 
that  of  lieutenant-colonel,  1814,  was  for 
gallant  conduct  in  the  defense  of  Fort 
Erie;  his  second,  that  of  colonel,  1814, 
was  for  distinguished  services  in  the  sor 
tie  from  Fort  Erie.  He  was  made  a  bre 
vet  brigadier-general  in  1824,  and  was 
brevetted  major-general  in  1848.  He  died 
March  9,  1851,  in  San  Antonio,  Texas. 

BROOKE,  JOHN  R.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  promoted  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers  in  1864,  and  al 
so  brevetted  major-general  of  volunteers. 
In  the  regular  army  he  received  brevets 
as  colonel  and  brigadier-general  for  gal 
lantry  in  several  battles.  During  the  war 
with  Spain  he  was  commissioned  major- 
general. 

BROOKE,  ROBERT,  statesman.  He 
was  governor  of  Virginia  from  1794  to 
1796. 

BROOKE,  WALKER,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1813,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Mississippi  from  1852  to  1853,  in  place  of 
H.  S.  Foote,  resigned.  He  took  part  in  the 
rebellion.  He  died  Feb.  19,  1869,  in  Vicks- 
burg,  Miss. 

BROOKES,  JAMES  HALL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1830,  in  Pulaski, 
Tenn.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the 
Presbyterian  churches  of  Dayton,  Ohio; 
and  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  the  author  of 
How  to  be  Saved;  May  Christians  Dance; 
Is  the  Bible  True;  The  Way  Made  Plain; 
and  many  other  works. 

BROOKES,  WALTER  W.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  March  28,  1858,  in  Barn- 
well  county,  S.  C.  Since  1891  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Rome  railroad  at  Rome, 
Ga. 

BROOKFIELD,  WILLIAM,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  May  24,  1844,  in  Green 
back,  N.  J.  In  1864  he,  with  his  father, 
established  the  Bushwick  Glass  works, 
which  is  one  of  the  largest  in  America. 

BROOKINGS,  ROBERT  SOMERS,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1850,  in  Cecil,  Md. 
He  originated  and  developed  the  system  of 
stores  and  warehouses  known  as  Cupples 
Station,  which  stands  unique  as  the  only 
thing  of  the  kind  in  the  world.  He  is 
vice-president  of  both  the  Union  Trust  Co. 
and  the  St.  Louis  Savings  Bank  and  Safe 
Deposit  Co.;  and  president  of  Washington 
university. 

BROOKINGS,  W.  W.,  jurist,  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  Utah.  He  was  appointed 
an  associate  judge  of  the  United  States 
court  for  that  territory. 

BROOKS,  ARTHUR,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1845,  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  — .  A  volume  of 
his  sermons  was  reprinted  in  London  with 
the  title,  Christ  for  To-Day.  He  died  in 
1895. 

BROOKS,  BYRON  ALDEN,  inventor, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1845,  in  Theresa, 
N.  Y.  He  has  invented  four  different 
kinds  of  typewriters  and  has  also  made 
many  important  inventions  in  printing 
mechanics.  He  is  the  author  of  King 
Saul;  Those  Children  and  Their  Teachers; 
Phil  Vernon  and  his  Schoolmaster;  and 
Earth  Revisited. 

BROOKS,  CHARLES,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  30,  1795,  in  Medford,  Mass. 


He  was  a  prominent  Massachusetts  edu 
cator;  and  the  author  of  History  of  Med 
ford;  The  Christian  in  his  Closet;  Daily 
Monitor;  Family  Prayer-Book;  Elements 
of  Ornithology;  Introduction  to  Ornith 
ology;  and  ten  volumes  of  biographv 
He  died  July  7,  1872. 

BROOKS,  CAROLINE  SHAWK,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  April  28,  1840,  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio.  In  1877  she  secured  a  patent 
for  improvements  in  the  methods  of  pro 
ducing  lubricated  moulds  in  plaster.  In 
1878  she  executed  in  butter  at  Washington 
a  life-size  statue  of  the  Dreaming  lo- 
lanthe,  which  was  successfully  transported 
to  Paris  and  exhibited  at  the  world's  fair 
of  1878.  She  subsequently  opened  a  studio 
in  New  York,  and  executed  portrait  mar 
bles  of  Emanuel  Swedenborg,  James  A. 
Garfield,  Thurlow  Weed,  George  Eliot  and 
Thomas  Carlyle. 

BROOKS,  CHARLES  TIMOTHY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  20,  1813, 
in  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  in  1837-73. 
His  other  work  includes  Songs  of  Field 
and  Flood;  The  Simplicity  of  Christ; 
William  Ellery  Channing:  a  Centennial 
Memory;  and  Poems  Original  and  Trans 
lated.  He  died  June  14,  1883,  in  Newport, 
R.  I. 

BROOKS,  CHAUNCEY,  merchant,  was 
born  Jan.  12,  1794,  in  Burlington,  Conn. 
In  1856  he  was  made  president  of  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad.  Salt  works 
in  the  Kanawha  region  and  other  forms  of 
enterprise  were  promoted  by  him.  He 
died  May  18,  1880. 

BROOKS,  DAVID,  soldier,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1756.  He  entered 
the  army  in  1776  as  a  lieutenant  in  the 
Pennsylvania  line;  was  captured  at  Fort 
Washington,  and  remained  a  prisoner  for 
two  years.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  in  1797.  He  was 
subsequently  first  judge  of  Dutchess  coun 
ty  for  sixteen  years.  He  died  Aug.  30, 
1838,  in  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y. 

BROOKS,  EDWARD,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  16,  1831,  in  Stony  Point, 
N.  Y.  He  was  the  principal  of  the  Mil- 
lersville  Normal  school  in  Pennsylvania 
from  1866  to  1886,  and  since  then  superin 
tendent  of  the  Philadelphia  public  schools. 
His  writings  are  mainly,  though  not  en 
tirely,  mathematical,  and  among  them  are 
The  Normal  Written  Arithmetic;  Philoso 
phy  of  Arithmetic;  Mental  Science  and1 
Methods  of  Culture;  The  Story  of  the 
Iliad;  and  The  Story  of  the  Odyssey. 

BROOKS,  ELBRIDGE  GERRY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1816,  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  was  a  universalist  clergy 
man  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
Universalism  a  Practical  Power;  Our  New 
Departure;  and  Universalism  in  Life  and 
Doctrine.  He  died  in  1878. 

BROOKS,  ELBRIDGE  STREETER,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  14,  1846,  in  Lowell, 
Mass.  He  has  been  editor  of  the  Brooklyn 
Daily  Times,  St.  Nicholas  Magazine,  and: 
Wide  Awake.  He  is  the  author  of  Life 
Work  of  Elbridge  Gerry  Brooks;  In  No 
Man's  Land;  Historic  Boys;  In  Leisler'a 
Times;  Chivalric  Days;  Storied  Holidays; 
Historic  Girls;  Story  of  the  American 
Indian;  The  Story  of  New  York;  Story 
of  the  American  Sailor;  Story  of  the 
United  States;  The  True  Story  of  Colum 
bus;  Heroic  Happenings;  A  Son  of  Issa- 
char;  The  True  Story  of  George  Wash 
ington;  The  Century  Book  for  Young 
Americans;  A  Boy  of  the  First  Empire; 
Great  Men's  Sons;  The  Story  of  Miriam 
of  Magdala;  The  True  Story  of  Abraham 
Lincoln;  The  Story  of  the  American  Sol 
dier;  The  Century  Book  of  Famous 
Americans;  Under  the  Tamaracks;  and 
The  Long  Walls. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


153 


BROOKS,  ERASTUS,  journalist,  states 
man,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1815,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  In  1835  he  began  in  Washington, 
D.  C.,  his  career  as  correspondent,  con 
tributing  news  of  the  capital  to  the  New 
York  Express  and  other  papers.  In  1840 
he  joined  with  his  brother  in  the  editorial 
management  of  the  Express,  subsequently 
assuming  the  entire  control.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate. 

BROOKS,  GEORGE  M.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  July  26, 
1824,  in  Concord,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1858; 
of  the  state  senate  in  1859;  of  the  com 
mittee  chosen  in  1859  to  revise  the  stat 
utes  o£  Massachusetts;  and  was  elected  to 
the  forty-first  congress  in  1869,  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 

BROOKS,  GEORGE  W.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  North  Carolina.  He  resided  at  Eliza 
beth  City  whence  he  was,  in  1866,  ap 
pointed  United  States  judge  for  the  east 
ern  district  of  North  Carolina. 

BROOKS,  HARRY  SAYER,  journalist, 
was  born  Aug.  2,  1852,  in  Waverly,  N.  Y. 
He  was  one  of  the  three  young  men  to 
found  the  Elmira  Telegram.  From  the 
inception  of  the  paper  Mr.  Brooks  was  its 
business  and  editorial  manager,  soon  be 
coming  the  sole  owner. 

BROOKS,  HORACE,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  14,  1814,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  served 
in  the  Seminole  war  of  1835-36,  receiving 
the  brevet  of  first  lieutenant  for  gallantry 
and  good  conduct.  For  his  services  during 
the  war  he  received  two  brevets — that  of 
major  and  that  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general  at  the 
close  of  the  war.  From  1872  till  1877  he 
commanded  the  presidio  at  San  Francisco, 
and  on  the  latter  date  was  retired  from 
active  service,  being  over  sixty-two  years 
of  age.  He  died  March  26,  1890,  in  De 
troit,  Mich. 

BROOKS,  HORATIO  G.,  locomotive 
builder,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1828,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  He  began  business  in 
Dunkirk,  N.  Y.,  in  1869,  under  the  name 
of  The  Brooks  Locomotive  works.  From 
one  locomotive  a  month,  under  the  im 
pulse  of  his  strong  mind  and  unceasing 
activity,  the  works  grew  until  they  were 
producing  about  two  hundred  locomotives 
a  year.  In  1883  the  company  bought  the 
works  back  again  at  a  fair  price.  Mr. 
Brooks  was  three  times  mayor  of  Dun 
kirk  and  a  highly  respected  man.  The 
works  are  yet  in  operation,  employing 
1,200  men  in  busy  times.  He  died  April 
20,  1887,  in  Dunkirk,  N.  Y. 

BROOKS,  JAMES,  journalist,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1810,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  In  1835  he  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  of  Maine;  and  in  1836  estab 
lished  the  New  York  Daily  Express,  of 
which  he  was  the  chief  editor  and  pro 
prietor.  In  1847  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  New  York  legislature;  from  1849 
to  1853  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  the  city  of  New  York;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-eighth,  thirty-ninth, 
fortieth,  forty-first,  forty-second  and 
forty-third  congresses.  He  died  April  30, 
1873,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BROOKS,  JAMES  GORDON,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1801,  in  Claver- 
ack,  N.  Y.  In  1825  he  established  the 
Literary  Gazette,  which,  after  a  few 
months,  was  united  with  the  Athenaeum. 
He  was  connected  with  this  paper  about 
two  years,  and  then  with  the  Morning 
Courier  for  about  the  same  period.  In  all 
these  journals  he  published  poems,  which 
were  much  admired.  He  died  Feb.  20, 
1841,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 


BROOKS,  JAMES  WILTON,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  April  19,  1854, 
in  New  York  city.  He  met  with  success 
in  his  practice  at  the  start,  and  attained  a 
just  popularity,  professionally  and  so 
cially.  In  1882-83  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature. 

BROOKS,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1854,  in  Roch 
ester,  N.  Y.  On  July  15,  1863,  he  en 
listed  as  a  union  soldier  in  company  C, 
fifth  regiment  veteran  reserve  corps  In 
diana  infantry,  as  a  drummer,  and  was 
the  youngest  soldier  of  the  war — less  than 
nine  years  of  age.  In  1882  he  graduated 
from  the  Iowa  state  university  and  two 
years  later  began  the  practice  of  law  in 
Ellsworth,  Kan.  He  was  in  the  military 
band  in  the  procession  at  the  funeral  of 
Abraham  Lincoln. 

BROOKS,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1821, 
in  Butler  county,  Ohio.  When  the  civil 
war  began,  he  became  chaplain  of  the 
first  Missouri  artillery.  He  afterwards 
aided  in  raising  the  eleventh  and  thirty- 
third  Missouri  regiments,  and  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  latter  as  chaplain.  He  re 
moved  to  Little  Rock  in  the  autumn  of 
1868,  and  was  elected  state  senator  in 
1870.  In  1872  he  became  governor.  He 
was  appointed  postmaster  at  Little  Rock 
in  March,  1875,  and  held  the  office  till 
his  death.  He  died  April  30,  1877,  in  Little 
Rock,  Ark. 

BROOKS,  KENDALL,  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1821,  in  Roxbury, 
Mass.  In  1841  he  graduated  from  the 
Brown  university, 
and  in  1845  from  the 
Newton  Theological 
institution.  During 
1845-52  he  was  pas 
tor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Eastport, 
Maine;  and  for  ten 
years  was  pastor  in 
Fitchburg,  Mass.  In 
1852-55  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  mathemat 
ics  in  the  Colby  uni 
versity;  president  of 

Kalamazoo  college  during  1868-87;  and 
since  1888  has  been  professor  of  mathe 
matics  in  the  Alma  college,  Mich.  For 
three  years  he  was  editor  of  the  National 
Baptist  of  Philadelphia;  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature. 

BROOKS,  LEWIS,  manufacturer,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  in  1793,  in  New 
Milford,  Conn.  He  was  a  manufacturer 
of  woolen  cloth,  and  later  in  the  mercan 
tile  business.  In  1837  he  retired,  and  de 
voted  his  time  chiefly  to  investing  his 
money  and  looking  after  his  real  estate. 
He  made  various  charitable  bequests, 
among  which  was  $10,000  to  the  Roches 
ter  City  hospital,  a  like  sum  to  St.  Mary's 
hospital,  and  $5,000  each  to  the  industrial 
school  and  the  Female  Charitable  society. 
He  also  bequeathed  $120,000  to  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  $31,000  alone  being 
expended  on  the  work  of  collecting  a 
cabinet.  He  died  Aug.  9,  1877,  in  Roch 
ester,  N.  Y. 

BROOKS,  MRS.  MARIA  GOWEN, 
author,  was  born  in  1795,  in  Massachu 
setts.  She  is  a  poet  whose  fate  it  has 
been  to  be  utterly  neglected  after  being 
once  extravagantly  praised.  Zophiel,  or 
The  Bride  of  Seven,  her  chief  work,  is 
a  poem  whose  incidents  are  taken  from 
the  story  of  Sara  in  the  apocryphal  book 
of  Tobit.  It  is  a  work  of  considerable 
power  but  extravagant  sentiment.  Ido- 
men,  or  the  Vale  of  Yumuri,  is  to  some 
extent  autobiographic.  She  died  Nov.  11, 
1845,  in  Cuba. 


BROOKS,  MICAH,  educator,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1775,  in  Cheshire, 
Conn.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  in 
1806,  and  for  twenty  years  thereafter  was 
a  county  judge.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  in  1808  and  1809;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1815  to  1817.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1821;  and  a  presidential  elector 
in  1824.  He  died  July  7,  1857,  in  Living 
ston  county,  N.  Y. 

BROOKS,  NATHAN  COVINGTON, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1819, 
in  Maryland.  He  is  a  prominent  educator 
of  Baltimore,  who,  besides  publishing  an 
excellent  series  of  classical  text-books, 
chief  among  which  are  editions  of  Ovid's 
Metamorphoses  and  Virgil's  JEneid,  is 
the  author  of  A  Complete  History  of  the 
Mexican  War. 

BROOKS,  NOAH,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
30,  1830,  in  Castine,  Maine.  He  is  a  New 
York  writer  of  popular  books  for  boys; 
and  the  author  of  The  Boy  Emigrants; 
The  Fairport  Nine;  Our  Baseball  Club; 
Abraham  Lincoln;  The  Boy  Settlers; 
American  Statesmen;  Tales  of  the  Maine 
Coast;  Abraham  Lincoln  and  the  Down 
fall  of  American  Slavery;  How  the  Re 
public  is  Governed;  Short  Studies  in 
American  Party  Politics;  Washington  in 
Lincoln's  Time,  a  volume  of  gossipy  re 
collections;  The  Mediterranean  Trip;  and; 
The  Story  of  Marco. 

BROOKS,  PETER  CHARDON,  mer 
chant,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  6, 
1767,  in  Yarmouth,  Maine.  Engaging  in 
the  business  of  marine  insurance,  he  ac 
quired  great  wealth  and  was  some  years 
president  of  the  New  England  Insurance 
company.  He  was  a  member  of  both 
branches  of  the  state  legislature;  and  a. 
delegate  to  the  constitutional  convention 
in  1820.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1849,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

BROOKS,  PHILLIPS,  clergyman,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1835,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  the  sixth  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of 
Massachusetts.  He 
was  rector  of  Holy 
Trinity  church  at 
Philadelphia  in  1862- 
69;  and  of  Trinity 
church,  Boston,  from 
1869  until  his  conse 
cration  as  bishop  in 
1891.  He  was  a  lead 
er  of  broad  church 
opinion,  but  had  no 
hostility  towards 
forms  of  thought  op 
posed  to  his.  For  many  years  before  his 
death  he  had  been  accounted  the  foremost 
preacher  in  America.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  Influence  of  Jesus;  Lectures  on 
Preaching;  The  Candle  of  the  Lord  and 
Other  Sermons;  The  Light  of  the  World 
and  Other  Sermons;  Sermons  in  English 
Churches;  Twenty  Sermons;  Sermons 
for  the  Principal  Festivals  and  Fasts; 
Tolerance;  A  Century  of  Church  Growth 
in  Boston;  Essays  and  Addresses;  Let 
ters  of  Travel;  and  The  Oldest  School  in 
America.  O  Little  Town  of  Bethlehem 
is  a  popular  poem  by  him.  He  died  Jan. 
23,  1893,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BROOKS,  PRESTON  S.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  August,  1819,  in 
Edgefield  district,  S.  C.  He  was  a  state 
representative  in  1844;  in  1846  raised  a 
company  of  volunteers,  was  made  captain, 
was  elected  to  congress  in  1853,  and  again 
in  1855.  In  1856  he  made  a  personal  as 
sault  upon  Charles  Sumner  in  the  United 
States  senate  chamber,  which  event  caused 
much  excitement  throughout  the  country. 
He  died  Jan.  27,  1857,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


154 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BROOKS,  THOMAS  BENTON,  engi 
neer,  author,  was  born  June  15,  1836,  in 
Monroe,  N.  Y.  During  the  civil  war  he 
was  captain  in  the  first  New  York  volun 
teer  engineers,  afterward  becoming  major 
and  aide  on  the  general  staff  of  the  army. 
At  the  time  of  his  resignation  he  held 
the  brevet  rank  of  colonel.  From  1869  to 
1879  he  was  assistant  geologist  in  charge 
of  the  surveys  of  the  Lake  Superior  iron 
regions.  In  this  connection  he  was  as 
sociated  with  Raphael  Pumpelly,  and  pre 
pared  Geological  Survey  of  Michigan;  and 
Geology  of  Wisconsin. 

BROOKS,  WILLIAM  GRANT,  educator, 
composer,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1869, 
in  Saco,  Maine.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  songs  that 
have  become  popular 
throughout  the 
United  States;  and 
many  of  his  poems 
have  been  incorpo 
rated  into  several 
standard  works.  He 
is  a  good  musician, 
and  for  many  years 
was  organist  in  the 
Universalist  church 
of  Biddeford,  Maine. 
He  is  one  of  the  most 
prominent  members  of  the  Maine  grand 
lodge  of  Good  Templars;  Knights  of 
Pythias,  and  other  fraternal  bodies. 

BROOKS,  WILLIAM  KEITH,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  March  25,  1848,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  is  a  professor  of 
morphology  at  Johns  Hopkins  university; 
and  the  author  of  Hand-Book  of  Inverte 
brate  Zoology;  Development  of  the  Amer 
ican  Oyster;  Conifer,  a  Study  in  Mor 
phology;  Development  of  Lingula;  and 
The  Law  of  Heredity. 

BROOKS,  WILLIAM  MYRON,  college 
president,  legislator,  was  born  March  5, 
1835,  in  La  Porte,  Ohio.  He  is  a  graduate 
from  Oberlin  college,  and  became  presi 
dent  of  Tabor  college  in  1866.  He  was 
the  presidential  elector  in  1876,  and  the 
same  year  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Iowa  legislature.  In  1868  he  was  made 
president  of  the  State  Teachers'  associa 
tion  of  Iowa.  Since  1891  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Tabor  and  Northern  rail 
way. 

BROOKS,  WILLIAM  ROBERT,  as 
tronomer,  lecturer,  was  born  June  11, 
1844,  in  England.  He  invented  various 
improvements  in  astronomical,  photo 
graphic,  and  other  scientific  instruments. 
In  1870  he  settled  in  Phelps,  N.  Y.,  where 
in  1874  he  founded  and  became  the  di 
rector  of  the  Red  House  observatory.  In 
1888  he  removed  to  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  to  take 
charge  of  Smith  observatory.  His  work 
has  consisted  largely  in  the  discovery  of 
comets,  and  thirteen  of  these  bodies  have 
been  credited  to  him  since  1881.  Six  med 
als  have  been  conferred  upon  him. 

BROOKSHIRE,  ELIJAH  VOORHEES, 
farmer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  15, 
1856,  in  Ladoga,  Ind.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  the  law  and  farming  when 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second 
congresses;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

BROOM,  JACOB,  congressman,  was 
born  July  25,  1808,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In 
1840  he  was  deputy  auditor  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  that  state  to  the  thirty-fourth  con 
gress.  He  died  in  November,  1864,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

BROOM,  JAMES  M.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1778,  in  Delaware.  He  was  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  in  1794;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  from  Delaware  from  1805 
to  1807. 


BROOMALL,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1816, 
in  Upper  Chichester,  Pa.  He  served  in  the 
legislature  of  the  state;  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1861;  and  in  1862  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  congresses. 

BROOME,  JAMES  E.,  governor,  was 
born  March  3,  in  Florida.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Florida  from  1853  to  1857. 

BROOME,  JAMES  M.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Delaware  from  1805  to  1807. 

BROOME,  JOHN,  merchant,  was  born  in 
1738.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1777 
and  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state  in 
1804.  During  the  whole  of  his  public 
career  he  was  prominent  in  New  York, 
and  was  for  many  years  at  the  head  of 
some  of  the  most  important  charitable 
and  commercial  institutions  of  the  city. 
An  important  thoroughfare  bears  his 
name.  He  died  Aug.  8,  1810. 

BROOME,  JOHN  L.,  soldier,  was  born 
March  8,  1824,  in  New  York  city.  During 
the  war  with  Mexico  he  served  with  his 
corps.  In  1862  he  commanded  the  marine 
guard  of  the  Hartford,  Farragut's  flag 
ship,  and  was  present  at  the  passage  of 
Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip  (April  24); 
and  in  the  various  engagements  at  Vicks- 
burg  and  Port  Hudson,  which  resulted  in 
wresting  the  Mississippi  river  from  the 
confederate  forces.  He  was  twice  wounded 
during  the  war,  and  at  its  close  received 
the  brevets  of  major  and  lieutenant-colo 
nel  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services. 

BROOME,  LEWIS  HENRY,  architect, 
was  born  June  28,  1849,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  served  in  the  civil  war;  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  major.  He  has  designed 
and  erected  many  of  the  finest  buildings 
in  New  Jersey  and  New  York. 

BROREIN,  WILLIAM  G.,  educator, 
manufacturer,  state  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  31,  1861,  in  Marion,  Ohio.  After  grad 
uating  from  the  Ohio  Normal  university 
he  entered  educational  work,  and  for 
three  years  was  superintendent  of  public 
schools  at  Cridersville.  Since  1866  he  has 
been  a  merchant  and  manufacturer  of 
Buckland,  Ohio,  and  in  1891  was  elected 
its  first  mayor.  He  has  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  seventy-first  and  seventy- 
second  general  assemblies  of  Ohio;  and 
in  1897  was  elected  to  the  state  senate. 

BRORUP,  RASMUS  PETERSON,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1851.  He  is  the 
author  of  Christianity  and  Our  Times; 
Truth  and  Poetry;  and  other  works. 
For  many  years  he  has  been  engaged  in 
the  publishing  business,  with  headquar 
ters  in  Chicago,  111. 

BROSIUS,  MARRIOTT,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  7,  1843,  in 
Lancaster  county,  Pa.     He  enlisted  as  a 
private   in    company 
K,        ninety-seventh 
regiment       Pennsyl 
vania  volunteers  for 
three      years;       and 
was  commissioned  a 
second  lieutenant  for 
bravery  on  the  field 
of    battle.      He    was 
elected   to  the   fifty- 
fi  r  s  t,      fifty-second, 
fifty-third,        fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses   as   a   re 
publican.     In  1893  he  received   the   hon 
orary  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Ursinus  col 
lege. 

BROSS,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  4,  1813,  in  Montague,  N.  .1. 


He  was  a  Chicago  journalist;  and  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  Chicago  (1866);  Tom 
Quick,  a  romance  of  Indian  warfare;  and 
Chicago  and  Her  Future  Growth.  He 
died  in  1890. 

BROTHERTON,  MRS.  ALICE  WIL 
LIAMS,  poet,  was  born  in  Cambridge,  Ind. 
She  is  a  magazine  writer  of  Cincinnati, 
whose  work  is  mainly  in  poetry;  and  she 
is  the  author  of  Beyond  the  Veil;  The 
Sailing  of  King  Olaf ;  and  What  the  Wind 
Told  the  Tree-Tops,  prose  and  verse  for 
children.  In  1876  she  married  William 
Ernest  Brotherton  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
which  city  has  since  been  her  home. 
Many  of  her  poems  have  been  set  to  music 
in  America  and  in  England. 

BROUGH,  CHARLES  HENRY,  soldier, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1813. 
in  Marietta,  Ohio.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Ohio  legislature  in  1840-41;  command 
ed  the  fourth  Ohio  regiment  during  the 
war  with  Mexico;  and  was  presiding  judge 
of  the  Hamilton  county  court  of  com 
mon  pleas  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
died  May  10,  1849,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

BROUGH,  JOHN,  journalist,  governor, 
was  born  Sept.  17,  1811,  in  Marietta,  Ohio. 
In  1831  he  published  at  Marietta  the 
Washington  County  Republican,  and  in 
1833  the  Lancaster  Eagle.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature;  from  1839  to  1845 
auditor;  and  in  1846  opened  a  law  office 
in  Cincinnati  and  published  the  Inquirer. 
In  1848  he  was  president  of  the  Madison 
and  Indianapolis  railway;  and  in  1853, 
of  the  Bellefontaine  and  Indianapolis 
road.  In  1863  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Ohio.  He  died  Aug.  29,  1865,  in  Cleve 
land,  Ohio. 

BROUGHAM,  JOHN,  author,  was  born 
May  9,  1810,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  noted 
dramatist,  and  the  author  of  over  a 
hundred  comedies  and  farces,  many  of 
which,  like  Vanity  Fair  and  The  Irish 
Emigrant,  have  been  very  successful.  He 
died  June  7,  1880,  in  New  York. 

BROUGHTON,  E.  P.,  railroad  manager, 
was  born  in  England.  For  a  number  of 
years  he  was  a  railroad  telegraph  oper 
ator;  and  since  1879  has  been  connected 
with  the  Chicago  and  Eastern  Illinois 
railroad,  of  which  he  is  now  general  su 
perintendent. 

BROUGHTON,  THOMAS,  lawyer, 
statesman.  He  was  councilor  and  collect 
or  of  customs  in  South  Carolina  in  1808; 
afterward  lieutenant-governor;  and  in 
1855  was  made  governor,  serving  in  that 
position  until  his  death.  He  died  in  1858. 

BROUN,  THOMAS  L.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  in  Loudoun  county,  Va.  In  1848 
he  graduated  from  the  university  of  Vir 
ginia;  taught  school 
two  years;  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1852.  He  entered 
the  confederate  ser 
vice  as  a  private  in 
the  Kanawha  rifle- 
men;  was  promoted 
to  major  in  the  third 
Virginia  regiment  of 
Wise  Legion;  and 
severely  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Cloyd's 
Mountain.  After  the 
war  Major  Broun  was  reinstated  in  his 
old  position  as  pn-Mdi-nt  of  the  Navigation 
company  of  Charleston.  During  1866-70 
be  prai-tiroii  law  in  New  York  city,  when 
ho  leturned  again  to  Charleston.  He  has 
made  a  specialty  of  West  Virginia  law 
and  land  titles;  and  has  devoted  his  en 
ergies  to  the  development  of  the  Coal 
river  region,  in  which  he  has  a  large  per 
sonal  interest. 


HKRR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


155 


BROUSSARD,  ROBERT  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1864,  in 
Iberia,  La.  He  became  the  nominee  of 
the  anti-lottery  wing  of  the  democratic 
party  for  the  district  attorneyship  of  the 
nineteenth  judicial  district  of  Louisiana, 
to  which  position  he  was  elected  at  the 
state  election  of  1892,  he  being  the  only 
one  of  that  wing  of  the  democratic  party 
elected  in  the  district  at  that  election.  In 
1894  he  was  unanimously  renominated  to 
the  same  position  by  the  democratic  party 
and  re-elected  at  the  election  of  that  year; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

BROWER,  JOHN  HAMIL,  merchant, 
was  born  Aug.  12,  1801,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
The  New  York  and  Texas  Packet  line  was 
his  venture  and,  at  one  time,  fifteen  ves 
sels  belonged  to  him  and  traded  to  all 
parts  of  the  world.  His  ship  Harvey 
Birch,  named  after  the  noted  spy  of  the 
American  revolution,  was  the  first  vessel 
captured  and  destroyed  by  the  confeder 
ates  during  the  civil  war.  He  died  June 
15,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

BROWER,  JOHN  M.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  19,  1845,  in 
Greensborough,  N.  C.  In  1878  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  from  the  thirty- 
third  district;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

BROWN,  AARON  VAIL,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  15, 
1795,  in  Brunswick  county,  Va.  He  served 
for  a  number  of 
years  in  the  legis 
lature  of  Tennessee; 
in  1839  was  elected 
a  member  of  con 
gress  from  Tennes 
see,  and  re-elected  in 
1841  and  1843.  On 
his  retirement  from 
congress  in  1845,  he 
was  elected  governor 
of  Tennessee.  His 
last  position  was 
that  of  postmaster- 
general  in  the  cabinet  of  President  Bu 
chanan.  He  died  March  8,  1859,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

BROWN,  ABRAM  ENGLISH,  author, 
was  born  in  1849  in  Massachusetts.  He  is 
the  author  of  Beneath  Old  Roof  Trees,  a 
volume  of  local  history;  Beside  Old 
Hearthstones;  History  of  Bedford;  Bed 
ford  Old  Families;  Glimpses  of  New  Eng 
land  Life;  and  Flag  of  the  Minute  Men. 

BROWN,  ADDISON,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born    Feb.    21,    1830,    in    West    Newbury, 
Mass.     He  attended  Amherst  college  dur 
ing   1S48-49;     gradu- 
_^M£.  ated     from     Howard 

^*&  Ph»  college  in  1852;    and 

from  the  Harvard 
Law  school  in  1854. 
He  then  moved  to 
New  York  city 
where  he  was  active 
ly  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  until 
his  appointment  in 
1881  as  United  States 
district  judge  for  the 
southern  district  of 
New  York.  He  was  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Garfield  during  recess  of  the  sen 
ate  on  June  2,  1881;  and  was  again  ap 
pointed  by  President  Arthur  on  Oct.  14, 
1881.  He  has  ever  since  filled  the  office 
of  United  States  district  judge  with  great 
judicial  ability  and  learning. 

BROWN,  AGNES,  artist,  was  born  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  She  paints  land 
scapes,  flower-pieces,  and  animals  in  oil- 
colors;  her  especial  forte  being  cats. 


BROWN,  ALBERT  GALLATIN,  lawyer, 
governor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
May  31,  1813,  in  Chester  District,  S.  C. 
He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress 
from  Mississippi  in 
1840  and  1841;  gov 
ernor  of  Mississippi 
from  1844  to  1848; 
and  was  again  elect 
ed  a  representative 
in  congress  from 
1848  to  1854.  He  was 
a  judge  of  the  circuit 
superior  court  in 
1852  and  1853;  was 
elected  a  United 
States  senator  from  1854  to  1858;  and  was 
re-elected  for  six  years,  commencing 
March  4,  1859,  but  was  expelled  in  March, 
1861,  and  joined  the  great  rebellion.  He 
died  June  12,  1880,  near  Jacksonville, 
Miss. 

BROWN.  ALEXANDER,  banker,  was 
born  Nov.  17,  1764,  in  Ireland.  He  was  the 
founder  and  president  of  the  banking 
house  of  Alexander  Brown  and  Sons,  of 
Baltimore,  Md.;  Shipley  and  Company  of 
Liverpool  and  London,  England;  and  also 
of  the  Brown  Brothers  and  Company  of 
Philadelphia  and  New  York.  He  died 
Dec.  17,  1834. 

BROWN,  ALEXANDER,  historian,  was 
born  Sept.  5,  1843,  in  Nelson  county,  Va. 
During  1861-65  he  was  a  soldier  in  the  con 
federate  service;  a  merchant  during  1865- 
80;  and  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century 
has  been  interested  in  farming  in  his  na 
tive  county.  Since  his  youth  he  has  been 
interested  in  literary  work,  and  has  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  D.  C.  L.,  conferred  by 
the  university  of  the  South.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Genesis  of  the  bnited 
States;  The  Cabells  and  Their  Kin;  and 
The  History  of  the  First  Republic  in 
America. 

BROWN,  ALEXANDER,  banker,  was 
born  Oct.  25,  1858,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  On 
the  death  of  his  father  became  head  of 
the  banking  house  of  Alexander  and  Sons; 
is  vice-president  of  the  Canton  company; 
president  of  the  Macon  and  Northern  rail 
road;  and  director  of  the  Mechanics'  Na 
tional  bank;  Savings  bank  of  Baltimore, 
and  numerous  other  business  organiza 
tions. 

BROWN,  ALICE,  author,  was  born  in 
New  Hampshire.  She  is  a  Boston  writer 
on  the  staff  of  the  Youth's  Companion; 
and  the  author  of  Fools  of  Nature,  a 
novel;  Meadow  Grass,  a  collection  of  New 
England  stories;  By  Oak  and  Thorn,  a 
volume  of  English  travel;  Robert  Louis 
Stevenson,  a  study;  and  Life  of  Mercy 
Otis  Warren. 

BROWN,  ANDREW,  soldier,  journalist, 
was  born  in  1744  in  Ireland.  He  fought  on 
the  patriot  side  at  Lexington  and  Bunker 
Hill,  was  made  general  mustering  officer 
in  1777,  and  served  under  Gates  and 
Greene,  with  the  rank  of  major.  In  1788 
he  established  the  Federal  Gazette,  the 
title  of  which  was  changed,  in  1793,  to 
the  Philadelphia  Gazette.  This  was  the 
main  channel  through  which  the  friends 
of  the  federal  constitution  addressed  the 
public,  and  it  was  the  first  journal  to  pub 
lish  regular  reports  of  the  debates  in  con 
gress.  He  died  Feb.  4,  1797,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

BROWN,  ANNA  ROBESON,  author, 
was  born  in  1873  in  Pennsylvania.  She 
is  the  author  of  Sir  Mark;  and  The  Black 
Lamb. 

BROWN,  ANSON,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  that  state  during 
the  years  1839  and  1840.  He  died  June 
21,  1840,  in  Ballston,  N.  Y. 


BROWN,  ARTHUR,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  March  8,  1843, 
in  Kalamazoo  county,  Mich.  He  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  1865  in 
Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  and  in  1879  removed 
to  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  where  he  has 
since  resided  and  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law.  Upon  the  admission  of  the  state 
of  Utah,  he  was  elected  as  a  republican  to 
the  United  States  senate  Jan.  22,  1896, 
himself  and  colleague  being  elected  at 
one  and  the  same  time  and  on  the  same 
vote.  In  drawing  lots  in  the  presence  of 
the  senate,  he  drew  the  short  term. 

BROWN,  ARTHUR  R.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Sept.  26,  1850,  in  New  York. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  Military 
school,  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  and  in  Boston, 
Mass.  For  ten  years  he  has  served  as 
county  attorney;  and  has  been  deputy 
district  attorney  and  city  attorney,  and 
for  many  years  filled  the  office  of  .county 
judge.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Red 
Cliff,  Colo.,  where  he  is  also  engaged 
in  mining  and  loans. 

BROWN,  AUSTIN  RAYMOND,  journal 
ist,  was  born  March  19,  1828,  in  Milroy, 
Ind.  Returning  to  Indianapolis,  he  be 
came  the  proprietor  of  the  State  Sentinel 
newspaper,  which  he  conducted  ably  for 
five  years,  first  as  a  semi-weekly  and  then 
as  a  daily,  assisted  in  the  editorial  man 
agement  by  his  father,  William  J.  Brown. 
Since  1861  he  has  served  thirteen  consec 
utive  years  in  the  city  council,  and  nine 
years  as  one  of  the  board  of  school  com 
missioners. 

BROWN,  B.  GRATZ,  soldier,  journalist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  28, 
1826,  in  Lexington,  Ky.    He  was  a  mem 
ber   of  the   Missouri 
legislature  from  1852 
to  1858;     assisted   in 
establishing  the  Mis 
souri  Democrat,  and 
edited      linn,      jnuniul 
k^        \   JB  from  1854  to  1859.    A 

speech  that  he  deliv 
ered  in  the  legisla 
ture  in  1857  was  the 
initial  movement  in 
behalf  of  freedom  in 
that  state.  In  1861 
he  volunteered  and 

raised  a  regiment,  which  assisted  in  the 
capture  of  Camp  Jackson,  and  which  lie 
commanded  during  its  term  of  service.  He 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Missouri  for  the  term  of  1863-67.  In  1872  he 
received  a  complimentary  vote  for  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States.  He  died  Dec. 
13,  1885. 

BROWN,  BEDFORD,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  1795,  in  Caswell  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the  house  of 
commons  of  that  state  in  1815,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  many  years;  and  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1829  to  1841.  He  was  subsequently  elected 
to  the  general  assembly,  and  was  first 
elected  to  the  senate  and  served  two 
terms.  He  died  Dec.  6,  1870,  in  Caswell 
county,  N.  C. 

BROWN,  BEDFORD,  physician,  was 
born  Jan.  1,  1825,  in  Caswell  county,  N.  C. 
When  the  civil  war  broke  out  he  entered 
the  army  as  a  surgeon,  and  during  the 
latter  part  of  the  war  was  an  inspector 
of  hospitals  and  camps.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Southern  Surgical  an<1 
Gynaecological  association,  and  has  served 
as  president,  vice-president  and  member 
of  its  judicial  council. 

BROWN,  BENJAMIN,  congressman.  He 
served  in  the  state  legislature  in  1809, 
1811  and  1812;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1815 
to  1817. 


156 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BROWN,  BUCKMINSTER,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  July  13,  1819,  in  Boston. 
Devoting  himself  to  orthopaedic  surgery, 
he  has  attained  experience  and  skill  that 
places  him  among  the  foremost  living 
specialists  in  that  line.  He  is  the  author 
of  many  technical  treatises,  including  a 
full  account  of  the  instance  of  the  double- 
hip  displacement. 

BROWN,  CALVIN  SCOTT,  educator, 
clergyman,  missionary,  was  born  March 
23,  1859,  in  Winton,  N.  C.  In  1886  he 
graduated  from  the  Shaw  university.  He 
has  been  secretary  and  president  of  the 
baptist  state  convention;  president  of  the 
Baptist  State  Ministers'  association,  and 
has  been  pastor  and  is  now  president  of 
Waters  Normal  institute  and  general  mis 
sionary  secretary  of  the  baptist  state  con 
vention.  He  is  connected  with  various 
societies  as  secretary,  superintendent  and 
grand  chaplain;  and  is  also  the  editor  of 
the  Baptist  Pilot. 

BROWN,  CHARLES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1841  to  1843,  and  again  from  1847  to 
1849.  He  subsequently  held  the  office  of 
collector  of  the  port  of  Philadelphia;  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  na 
tional  union  convention  of  1866. 

BROWN,  CHARLES  BROCKDEN,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1771,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  novelist  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  the  first  of 
native  authors  who 
adopted  literature  us 
a  profession.  In  his 
novels  probability 
plays  a  very  small 
part,  the  local  color 
is  faint,  though  the 
scenes  are  American, 
and  all  are  overshad 
owed  by  an  over 
powering  element  of 
mystery.  In  spite  of 
extravagances  and 

faults,  his  work  possesses  undeniable 
power  of  a  very  high  order,  and  does  not 
deserve  the  neglect  into  which  It  has 
fallen.  Wieland;  Ormond,  or  the  Secret 
Witness;  and  Arthur  Mervyn,  are  in  some 
respects  the  most  powerful  of  his  works. 
He  is  the  author  of  Edgar  Huntley,  or 
the  Memories  of  a  Sleep  Walker;  Clara 
Howard,  reprinted  in  England  as  Philip 
Stanley;  and  Jane  Talbot.  He  died  Feb 
22,  1810. 

BROWN,  CHARLES  ELWOOD,  lawyer, 
soldier,  congressman,  was  born  July  -1, 
1834,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  en 
listed  in  the  union  army;  served  through 
out  the  civil  war,  attained  the  rank  of  colo 
nel  and  brevet  brigadier-general.  In  the 
Atlanta  campaign,  in  1864,  he  commanded 
his  regiment  and  lost  a  leg.  In  1872  he 
was  appointed  United  States  pension 
agent  at  Cincinnati,  serving  four  years; 
and  in  1884,  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  forty-ninth  congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

BROWN,  CHARLES  LINCOLN,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  6,  1864,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  of  Philadelphia;  was  a  member  of  the 
common  council  in  1891  and  1893;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  select  council  in  1894;  and  in 
1896  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  state  senate. 

BROWN,  CHARLES  RUFUS,  theolog 
ian,  author,  was  born  in  1849,  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  has  been  a  professor  of 
Old  Testament  interpretation  at  Union 
Theological  seminary  since  1883.  He  !s 
the  author  of  An  Aramaic  Method,  a 
Text  and  Grammar. 


BROWN,  D.  RUSSELL,  manufacturer, 
governor,  was  born  March  28,  1848,  in 
Connecticut.  In  1880  he  was  elected  to  - 
the  common  council 
of  Providence,  and 
served  four  years.  In 
1886  he  was  tendered 
the  nomination  of 
mayor,  but  declined; 
and  two  years  later 
was  elected  presiden 
tial  elector.  In  1892 
he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Rhode  Isl 
and,  and  for  many 
years  filled  that  high 
office  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  people.  In  1870  Mr. 
Brown  moved  to  Providence  and  took 
charge  of  the  Mil!  supply  store  of  Cyrus 
White,  which  business  he  subsequently 
purchased.  He  is  now  the  president  of 
the  Brown  Brothers'  company,  general 
mill  furnishers.  He  is  connected  with 
numerous  charitable  and  educational  in 
stitutions  in  his  city  and  state;  and  a 
prominent  member  of  various  fraternal 
orders. 

BROWN,  DAVID,  was  noted  as  the  her 
mit  of  Newfane.  He  was  a  noted  book 
collector,  and  left  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  costly  libraries  in  the  state.  He 
died  Jan  31,  1873,  in  Newfane,  Vt. 

BROWN,  DAVID  PAUL,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  28,  1795,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  lawyer  and 
the  author  of  two  tragedies,  Sestorius; 
and  The  Trial;  a  melodrama  and  a  com 
edy;  and  The  Forum,  or  Forty  Years' 
Practice  at  the  Philadelphia  Bar.  His 
Forensic  Speeches  were  edited  by  his  son 
in  1873.  He  died  July  11,  1872,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

BROWN,  DUNCAN,  soldier,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  June  6,  1844, 
in  Hannibal,  Mo.  He  served  as  a  union 
soldier  from  1861  to  1865,  and  in  1868 
graduated  from  Pardee  college,  Mo.;  and 
from  the  Princeton  Theological  seminary 
in  1871.  He  has  held  pastorates  in  Mound 
City,  St.  Joseph,  Macon  and  Tarkio,  Mo. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Highland 
university  of  Kansas,  and  is  now  presi 
dent  of  the  Brookfield  college  of  Tarkio 
Mo. 

BROWN,  E.  SCOTT,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1846,  in  Allen  county, 
Ky.  During  1869-75  he  was  a  merchant 
and  postmaster  in  Scottsville,  Ky.;  and  in 
1876  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  city 
of  De  Land,  Fla.  In  1879  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  since  success 
fully  practiced  that  profession.  For  six 
years  he  was  clerk  of  the  Allen  circuit 
court;  and  during  1886-91  was  president  r.f 
the  Bank  of  Allen  County.  In  1887-88 
he  was  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of 
the  Kentucky  legislature  and  served  with 
distinction  in  that  body.  In  1888  he  was 
chosen  a  delegate  to  represent  the  na 
tional  farmers'  congress  in  the  Paris  ex 
position;  the  same  year  was  a  delegate 
to  the  republican  national  convention,  and 
during  1894-97  was  police  judge  of  the  city 
of  Scottsville,  Ky. 

BROWN,  EDWARD  JOSIAH,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1851,  in  Burke, 
Vt.  In  1874  he  graduated  from  Dartmouth 
college,  and  graduated  from  the  medical 
department  of  the  university  of  New  York 
in  1878.  He  also  studied  medicine  in  the 
university  of  Berlin.  He  has  held  chairs 
of  chemistry,  hygiene,  ophthalmology  and 
otology  in  the  Minneapolis  college  of  phy 
sicians  and  surgeons.  In  1888  he  was 
president  of  the  Hennepin  County  Med 
ical  society,  and  has  held  various  other 
positions  of  honor. 


BROWN,  EDWIN  LEE,  architect,  busi 
ness  man,  humanitarian,  was  born 
in  March,  1827.  In  1860  he  moved 
to  Chicago,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  sidewalk  and  vault 
lights.  He  has  held  other  positions,  as 
president  of  the  Western  Sand  Blast  and 
Western  Seed  companies,  and  the  gas 
company  of  Evanston;  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Young  Men's  Library  asso 
ciation.  He  was  active  in  establishing  the 
Western  Lecture  bureau;  and  has  been 
president  of  the  Interstate  Industrial  ex 
position,  the  Illinois  Humane  society, 
and  the  American  Humane  association. 

BROWN,  EDWIN  N.,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  I860,  in  Lansing,  Mich.  He 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Michi 
gan,  and  has  since  been  superintendent 
of  the  schools  of  Jonesville  and  Allegan, 
Mich.,  and  Hastings,  Neb.  He  is  the 
author  of  Treasury  of  Latin  Gems,  and 
other  works. 

BROWN,  EGBERT  BENSON,  soldier, 
was  born  Oct.  24,  1816,  in  Brownsville, 
N.  Y.  He  served  through  the  civil  war, 
mainly  in  Missouri,  Arkansas  and  Texas, 
and  left  the  army  with  one  shoulder  al 
most  wholly  disabled  and  a  bullet  in  his 
hip.  The  legislature  of  Missouri  officially 
complimented  the  troops  of  his  command 
for  their  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Spring 
field.  From  1866  till  1868  he  was  United 
States  pension  agent  at  St.  Louis. 

BROWN,  ELIAS,  congressman.  He  was. 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1829  to  1831;  and  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1820,  1828  and  1836. 

BROWN,  ELLSWORTH  LINCOLN,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1862, 
in  Milan,  111.  He  was  elected  to  the  Wash 
ington  state  senate  from  the  seventeenth 
district;  was  also  court  commissioner, 
and  has  attained  an  enviable  reputation 
as  a  brilliant  lawyer. 

BROWN,  EMMA  ELIZABETH,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1847,  in  Concord, 
N.  H.  Her  works  include  lives  of  Wash 
ington;  Grant;  Garfield;  Wendell  Holmes; 
Russell  Lowell;  From  Night  to  Light,  a 
story  of  Bible  times;  The  Child  Toilers 
of  Boston  Streets;  and  An  Hundred  Years 
Ago,  a  volume  of  poems. 

BROWN,  ETHAN  ALLEN,  jurist,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
July  4,  1776,  in  Darien,  Conn.  He  was 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Ohio  from 
1810-18;  governor  of  the  state  from 
1818-22;  and  United  States  senator  from 
1822-25.  He  was  United  States  minister 
to  Brazil  from  1830-34,  and  commissioner 
of  the  general  land  office  in  1835-36.  He 
removed  to  Indiana  in  1836,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Indiana  legislature  in  1842. 
He  died  Feb.  24,  1852,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

BROWN,  FLETCHER,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1850,  in 
Guernsey  county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Central  university,  Drew  Theo 
logical  seminary,  and  Simpson  college. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  Des  Moines 
conference  for  eight  years;  was  vice-pres 
ident  of  Simpson  college  for  five  years, 
and  was  also  its  president  for  five  years. 

BROWN,  FOSTER  VINCENT,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1854,  in 
White  county,  Tenn.  He  was  elected  at 
torney-general  of  the  fourth  Chattanooga 
judicial  district  in  1886,  and  held  the  office 
for  eight  years,  his  term  ending  in  1894. 
He  removed  to  Chattanooga  in  1890,  and 
continued  the  practice  of  law  with  Judge 
Charles  D.  Clark.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  republican  national  convention  in 
1884  and  voted  for  James  G.  Elaine  for 
president;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


157 


BROWN,  FRANCIS,  third  president  of 
Dartmouth  college,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1784, 
in  Chester,  N.  H.  He  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  college,  became  a  tutor,  and 
3n  1810  was  ordained  a  pastor  6f  the  con 
gregational  church  in  North  Yarmouth, 
Maine.  In  1815  he  was  inaugurated  presi 
dent  of  Dartmouth  college;  and  died 
July  27,  1820. 

BROWN,  FRANCIS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1849  in  New  Hampshire  He 
has  been  professor  of  Hebrew  and  cognate 
languages  at  Union  Theological  seminary 
since  1890;  and  is  the  author  of  Assyriol- 
ogy;  its  Use  and  Abuse;  and  The  Teach 
ings  of  the  Apostles. 

BROWN,  FREDERIC  ALDEN,  banker, 
was  born  Sept.  16,  1851,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  In  1877  he  became  a  member  of 
the  firm  known  as  Walston  H.  Brown 
and  Brothers.  He  was  for  eight  years 
treasurer  of  the  Rochester  and  Pittsburg 
railroad  company,  and  was  for  the  same 
length  of  time  connected  with  the  Roch 
ester  and  Pittsburg  Coal  and  Iron  com 
pany. 

BROWN,  GEORGE,  banker,  was  born 
April  17,  1787,  in  Ireland.  The  city  of 
Baltimore  is  largely  indebted  to  him,  i.s 
well  as  his  father  for  the  condition  of  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad.  He  do 
nated  his  money  liberally  to  the  important 
institutions,  and  for  many  of  them  was 
an  active  worker.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1859, 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

BROWN,  GEORGE,  naval  officer,  was 
born  June  19,  1835.  He  participated  in  the 
hazardous  ascent  of  the  Mississippi  river 
under  Farragut,  and  in  the  first  attack 
on  Vicksburg  in  June,  1862.  He  was  pro 
moted  lieutenant-commander  in  1862,  and 
shortly  afterward  placed  in  charge  of  the 
Indianola  iron-clad,  of  the  Mississippi 
squadron. 

BROWN,  GEORGE  EUGENE,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  May  18,  1867, 
in  Mason  City,  Iowa.  He  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  B.  S.  from  the  Iowa  Agri 
cultural  college  in  1892.  He  has  occu 
pied  positions  as  teacher,  county  superin 
tendent,  editor  and  president  of  the  Mid 
land  Normal  school,  and  is  well  known  as 
a  writer  on  educational  topics. 

BROWN,  GEORGE  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
formed  the  state  constitution  of  1844;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1851  to  1853. 

BROWN,  GEORGE  LORING,  painter, 
was  born  Feb.  2,  1814,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  spent  twenty  years  in  Antwerp,  Rome. 
Florence,  Paris  and  London,  and  returned 
to  the  United  States  in  1860,  with  a  high 
reputation  as  a  landscape  painter  at  home 
and  abroad.  Among  his  more  important 
pictures  are  The  Bay  of  New  York;  The 
Crown  of  New  England;  Venice;  Sunset, 
Genoa;  Niagara  by  Moonlight;  Capri; 
Doge's  Palace  at  Sunset;  Sunrise,  Venice; 
and  Doge's  Palace  at  Sunrise.  He  died 
June  25,  1889,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BROWN,  GEORGE  THADDEUS,  spe 
cialist,  was  born  July  16,  1863,  in  Belton, 
S.  C.  He  attended  the  North  Georgia 
Agricultural  college,  Southern  Medical 
college,  New  York  Post  Graduate,  and 
the  New  York  Polyclinic.  He  has  attained 
a  national  reputation  as  a  specialist  in 
diseases  of  the  eye,  ear,  nose  and  throat. 

BROWN,  GEORGE  WARREN,  mer 
chant,  manufacturer,  was  born  March  21, 
1853,  in  Granville,  N.  Y.  He  organized 
the  first  successful  shoe  manufacturing 
plant  in  St.  Louis,  commencing  operations 
Dec.  1,  1878.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  Brown  Shoe  company  since  its  first 
incorporation  in  1882. 


BROWN,  GLENN,  architect,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  13,  1854,  in  Fauquier  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  educated  at  the  Washing 
ton  and  Lee  university,  and  at  the  Massa 
chusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  Since  1879  he  has  been  en 
gaged  in  the  architectural  work  in  the 
District  of  Columbia,  Virginia,  Maryland 
and  South  Carolina.  He  is  the  author  of 
many  books  on  sanitary,  mechanical  and 
historical  topics.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  A  History  of  the  United 
States  Capitol. 

BROWN,  GOOLD,  educator,  author,  was 
born  March  7,  1791,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
He  was  an  educator  of  New  York  city  and 
a  famous  grammarian.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Grammar  of  English  Grammars; 
Institutes  of  English  Grammar;  and  First 
Lines  of  English  Grammar.  His  works 
on  grammar  have  probably  had  the  most 
extensive  circulation  of  any  of  the  kind. 
He  died  March  31,  1857,  in  Lynn,  Mass. 

BROWN,  HELEN  DAWES,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  She 
was  a  lecturer  on  English  literature  in 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  The 
Petrie  Estate,  a  novel;  Two  College  Girls- 
and  Little  Miss  Phoebe  Gay. 

BROWN,  HENRY  ARMITT,  lawyer, 
orator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1844,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  and 
orator  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of 
Four  Historical  Orations,  which  have  been 
much  admired.  He  died  Aug.  21,  1879,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BROWN,  HENRY  B.,  painter  was  born 
in  1831,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He  painted 
coast  scenery;  and  in  his  wonderful  ren 
dering  of  the  sea  he  stands  among  Ameri 
can  artists  unrivalled.  East  Highlands; 
On  the  Androscoggin;  and  On  the  Coast 
of  Maine  are  among  the  best  of  his  works. 
He  died  in  1860,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

BROWN,  HENRY  BILLINGS,  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States,  was  born  March  2,  1836,  in  South 
Lee,  Mass.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  dep 
uty  marshal  of  the  United  States,  and  sub 
sequently  assistant  United  States  attorney 
for  the  eastern  district  of  Michigan,  a 
position  he  held  until  1868,  when  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  state  circuit  court 
of  Wayne  county,  to  fill  a  vacancy.  In 
1875  he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant 
district  judge  for  the  eastern  district  of 
Michigan,  and  in  1890  was  appointed  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  supreme  court;  and 
has  served  since  1891.  He  is  the  author  of 
Admiralty  Reports  for  Western  Lake  and 
River  Districts. 

BROWN,  HENRY  CORBES,  contractor, 
financier,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1820,  in  St. 
Clairsville,  Ohio.  In  Denver  he  grew  rich 
by  building  contracts  and  operations  in 
lands  and  mines.  In  the  spring  of  1864,  he 
took  up  a  homestead  claim  of  one  hun 
dred  and  sixty  acres,  at  $2.50  per  acre. 
The  property  is  now  worth  millions.  He 
was  one  of  the  builders  of  the  Denver 
street  railroad,  and  built  and  owned 
Brown's  Palace  Hotel,  which  cost  $1,600,- 
000.  In  1875,  he  gave  ten  acres  for  a  site 
for  the  capitol  of  Colorado. 

BROWN,  HENRY  FRANCIS,  financier, 
was  born  Oct.  10,  1838,  in  Baldwin,  Maine. 
As  a  manufacturer  of  lumber  in  Min 
neapolis  he  has  amassed  a  fortune.  He  is 
now  president  of  the  Union  National 
bank;  vice-president  of  the  Minneapolis 
Trust  company,  and  president  of  the  Min 
neapolis  Land  and  Investment  company. 

BROWN,  HENRY  KIRKE,  sculptor, 
was  born  Feb.  24,  1814,  in  Leyden,  Mass. 
He  attained  distinction  as  one  of  the  fore 
most  sculptors  in  America.  He  died  July 
10,  1886,  in  Newburg,  N.  Y. 


BROWN,  HENRY  KIRKE  BUSH,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  April  21,  1857,  in  Ogdens- 
burgh,  N.  Y.  He  studied  sculpture  with 
Henry  K.  Brown  of  Newburg,  N.  Y.,  and 
with  Mercie  and  Chapu  in  Paris.  He  was 
given  high  honors  at  the  World's  Fair  for 
his  equestrian  group  of  Indian  Buffalo 
Hunt,  and  his  equestrian  statue  of  General 
Meade,  erected  by  the  state  of  Pennsyl 
vania  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg,  and 
dedicated  June  5,  1896. 

BROWN,  HENRY  WILLIAM,  educator, 
was  born  March  30,  1861,  in  Camden, 
Maine.  For  the  past  ten  years  he  has 
filled  the  chair  of  psychology  and  ethics 
in  the  New  Hampton  literary  institution, 
and  is  a  constant  contributor  to  current 
literature. 

BROWN,  ISAAC  VAN  ARSDALE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1784,  in 
Somerset  county,  N.  J.  Among  his  pub 
lications  are  "Life  of  Robert  Finley,  D. 
D.;  The  Unity  of  the  Human  Race;  and 
also  a  Historical  Vindication  of  the  Abro 
gation  of  the  Plan  of  Union  by  the  Pres 
byterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of 
America.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  American  Colonization  society,  and 
worked  for  its  advancement,  and  was  one 
of  the  original  members  of  the  American 
Bible  society.  He  died  April  19,  1861,  in 
Trenton,  N.  J. 

BROWN,  J.  APPLETON,  artist,  was 
born  July  24,  1844,  in  Newburyport,  Mass. 
Among  his  works  are  A  View,  Dives  Cal 
vados,  France;  Old  Road  Near  Paris;  On 
the  Merrimac  at  Newburyport;  Autumn; 
Storm  at  the  Isle  of  Shoals;  and  Spring 
time. 

BROWN,  JACOB,  soldier,  was  born  May 
9,  1775,  in  Bucks  county,  Pa.  When  the 
war  of  1812  broke  out,  he  entered  the 
army,  and  in  1813  was  made  brigadier- 
general  in  the  regular  army,  and  on  Jan. 
24,  1814,  assigned  to  the  army  of  the  Niag 
ara,  with  the  rank  of  major-general.  In 
1821  he  was  appointed  general-in-chief  of 
the  United  States  army,  which  position  he 
held  until  his  death.  He  died  Feb.  24, 
1828,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BROWN,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1766, 
near  Staunton,  Va.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
Territory  of  Louisiana  after  its  acquisi 
tion.  This  led  him  to  New  Orleans,  which 
became  his  home.  He  was  appointed 
United  States  attorney  for  the  district  of 
Louisiana,  and  rose  to  a  high  rank  at  the 
bar.  He  was  appointed  a  territorial  judge 
in  1804,  and  was  chosen  to  the  United 
States  senate  from  Louisiana,  and  served 
from  1812  to  1817,  and  again  from  1819  to 
1824.  He  died  April  7,  1835,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

BROWN,  JAMES,  banker,  was  born 
in  February,  1791,  in  Ireland.  He  became 
one  of  the  representative  bankers  of  New 
York.  In  the  panic  of  1837,  the  English 
branch  of  the  firm  was  able  to  secure  a 
loan  of  $10,000,000  from  the  Bank  of  Eng 
land,  which  enabled  the  local  firm  to  wea 
ther  the  financial  storm  without  suspen 
sion,  and  placed  them  in  the  front  rank  of 
the  bankers  of  the  world.  The  house  has 
branches  in  Baltimore  and  Philadelphia 
in  this  country,  under  different  names, 
and  in  England  under  the  name  of  Brown, 
Shipley  and  Co.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1877,  in 
New  York  city. 

BROWN,  JAMES  ALLEN,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1821,  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  Lutheran  cler 
gyman  and  educator;  professor  in  Get 
tysburg  seminary  in  1864-77,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  New  Theology.  He  died  in 
1883. 


158 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BROWN,  JAMES  S.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1824,  in  Hampton, 
Maine.  In  1846  he  was  chosen  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  Milwaukee  county, 
Wis.;  in  1848  was  elected  attorney-gen 
eral  of  the  state:  and  in  1861  was  mayor 
of  Milwaukee.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  thir 
ty-eighth  congress.  He  died  in  1878,  in 
Milwaukee.  Wis. 

BROWN,  JASON  BREVOORT,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  26,  1839,  in  Dillsboro,  Ind.  He  has 
taken  part  as  a  public  speaker  in  all  of 
the  political  campaigns  in  his  state  since 
1862;  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  house 
of  representatives  from  Jackson  county 
in  1862,  and  was  re-elected  in  1864.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1870 
from  the  counties  of  Jackson  and  Brown, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1880  from  the  coun 
ties  of  Jackson  and  Jennings.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second 
congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

BROWN,  JEREMIAH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1776,  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  served  in  the  legislature  of 
that  state,  and  as  a  member  of  one  or 
two  state  conventions.  He  was  the  first 
associate  judge  elected  by  the  people,  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1841  to  1845.  He  died 
March  2,  1848,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

BROWN,  JESSE  HUNTER,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1861,  in  Hiram, 
Ohio.  He  received  his  education  at  Hiram 
college.  He  has  been  the  editor  of  sev 
eral  publications,  and  is  the  author  of 
Norman  McDonald;  A  Woman's  Doing; 
Roderick  Wayne;  The  Ironclad  Pledge; 
and  Runaway. 

BROWN,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1809  to  1810. 

BROWN,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Mifflin  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1821  to  1825. 

BROWN,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  27,  1736,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He 
was  one  of  the  men  who  captured  the 
Gaspee  in  Providence  river,  in  1772.  He 
took  an  active  part  iff  the  revolution,  and 
was  an  ardent  friend  of  the  constitution. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Rhode  Island  from  1799  to  1801.  He  died 
Sept.  20,  1803. 

BROWN,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  Oct. 
19,  1744,  in  Sandisfield,  Mass.  He  was  a 
lieutenant-colonel  in  the  revolutionary 
war.  He  was  killed  in  battle  Oct.  19,  1780, 
near  the  Mohawk  river. 

BROWN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1757,  in  Staun- 
ton,  Va.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  legislature  from  the  district 
of  Kentucky,  and  was  appointed  a  dele 
gate  from  Virginia  to  the  continental  con 
gress,  from  1787  to  1788.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  federal 
congress  from  1789  to  1(91;  a  United 
States  senator  from  1793  to  1805,  and  was 
the  last  survivor  of  the  old  congress,  and 
the  first  member  from  the  Valley  of  the 
Mississippi.  He  died  Aug.  28,  1837,  In 
Frankfort,  Ky. 

BROWN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  June  15,  1763,  in  Ire 
land.  In  1779  he  joined  the  revolutionary 
army  as  a  volunteer  and  fought  under 
General  Sumter.  In  1809  he  was  elected 
professor  of  logic  and  moral  philosophy 
in  the  university  of  South  Carolina.  In 
1811  he  became  president  of  the  university 
of  Georgia.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1842,  in  Fort 
Gaines,  Ga. 


BROWN,  JOHN,  abolitionist,  was  born 
May  9,  1800,  in  Torrington,  Conn.  In  1855 
he  emigrated  to  Kansas,  -where  he  took 
an  active  part  in  the  contest  of  that  state, 
caused  by  the  passage  of  the  Kansas- 
Nebraska  bill,  advocating  squatter-sov 
ereignty.  In  1859  he  formed  the  bold  plan 
of  freeing  the  slaves  in  Virginia,  and  on 
the  night  of  Oct.  16  he  surprised  Harper's 
Ferry,  seized  the  arsenal  and  armory  and 
took  forty  prisoners.  But  his  small  band 
was  soon  overpowered  and  captured.  He 
was  tried  in  November,  and  hanged  Dec. 
2,  1859. 

BROWN,  JOHN  ALEXANDER,  banker, 
was  born  May  21,  1788.  He  was  elected  a 
director  of  the  old  United  States  bank 
under  the  presidency  of  Nicholas  Biddle. 
He  acquired  a  large  fortune,  and  gave 
more  than  $500,000  to  benevolent  objects. 
The  Presbyterian  hospital  of  Philadel 
phia  received  a  donation  of  $300,000.  He 
died  Dec.  31,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BROWN,  JOHN  BREWER,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  May 
13,  1836,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  house  of  delegates  in 
1870;  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in 
1887  and  served  three  terms.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second"  congress  as  a 
democrat  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

BROWN,  JOHN  BUNDY,  banker,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  31,  1805,  in  Maine. 
He  was  president  of  the  Portland  Sav 
ings  bank.  The  board  of  trade  made  Mr. 
Brown  its  first  president;  and  he  was 
president  of  Maine  General  hospital.  He 
was  prominent  in  the  organization  of  the 
republican  party  in  Maine,  and  was  elected 
to  the  Maine  senate  in  1856  and  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1860.  He  died  Jan.  10, 
1881,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

BROWN,  JOHN  CALVIN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1827,  in 
Giles  county,  Tenn.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  confederate  army,  and  was  made 
captain;  and  served  with  distinction 
throughout  the  civil  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  major-general.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to,  and  was  elected  president  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1870; 
and  in  that  year  was  elected  governor  of 
Tennessee,  and  was  re-elected  in  1872. 
serving  until  1875.  In  1876  he  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  Texas  and  Pacific 
Railway  company.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1889, 
in  Red  Boiling  Springs,  Tenn. 

BROWN,  JOHN  GEORGE,  artist,  was 
born  Nov.  11,  1831,  in  England.  He  is 
noted  as  a  painter  of  strictly  American 
suojects,  and  particularly  of  the  street 
boys  and  bootblacks  of  New  York  city. 
He  was  president  of  the  American  Water 
Color  society  for  ten  years,  and  chairman 
of  art  commission  to  judge  of  fine  arts 
at  the  world's  fair.  Among  his  best 
known  works  are  His  First  Cigar;  Curl 
ing  in  Central  Park;  The  Passing  Show; 
The  Dress  Parade;  A  Merry  Air  and  a 
Sad  Heart;  The  Thrilling  Moment;  and 
The  Old  Folks  at  Home. 

BROWN,  JOHN  HAMILTON,  inventor, 
was  born  July  28,  1837,  in  Liberty,  Maine. 
In  1875  he  conceived  the  idea  of  the  seg- 
mental  tube  wire-wound  gun,  and  since 
1886  he  has  given  his  entire  time  to  the 
perfecting  of  the  wire  gun,  whicn  has 
been  generally  introduced  in  America  and 
Europe. 

BROWN,  JOHN  HENRY,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  29,  1820.  in  Pike  county,  Miss. 
He  is  the  author  of  Two  Years  in  Mexico; 
Early  Life  in  the  Southwest,  Indian  Wars 
and  Pioneer  of  Texas;  The  Life  and  Times 
of  Henry  Smith;  and  is  now  completing 
a  history  of  Texas  from  its  discovery, 
1685,  to  1885. 


BROWN,  JOHN  HENRY  HOBART. 
protestant  episcopal  bishop,  was  bojn 
Jan.  1,  1831,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
chosen  to  be  the  first  bishop  of  the  diocese 
of  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.,  and  was  consecrated 
in  Cohoes,  Dec.  15,  1875.  He  published  a 
number  of  sermons  and  addresses.  He 
died  May  2,  1888,  in  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis. 

BROWN,  JOHN  JACKSON,  educator, 
journalist,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1820,  in  Amen- 
ia,  N.  Y.  In  1865  he  accepted  the  chair 
of  natural  science  in  the  Falley  seminary 
at  Fulton,  N.  Y.;  in  1870  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  chemistry  and  industrial  mechan 
ics  in  Cornell  university;  for  five  years 
was  editor  of  the  Humphrey  Journal  of 
Photography;  and  for  eleven  years  editor 
of  the  scientific  department  of  the  North 
ern  Christian  Advocate.  He  died  Aug. 
15,  1891,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

BROWN,  JOHN  NEWTON,  clergyman, 
was  born  June  29,  1803,  in  New  London, 
Conn.  In  1833  he  moved  to  Boston,  where 
he  edited  the  Encyclopaedia  of  Religious 
Knowledge,  which  was  republished  in 
England.  He  died  May  15,  1868,  in  Ger- 
mantown,  Pa. 

BROWN,  JOHN  PORTER,  oriental 
scholar,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1814,  in  Chil- 
licothe,  Ohio.  He  was  a  frequent  con 
tributor  to  American  newspapers  and  mag 
azines,  and  wrote  Dervishes,  or  Oriental 
Spiritualism;  and  also  translated  Ahmed 
Ben  Hemden's  Turkish  Evening  Enter 
tainments;  and  Constantine's  Ancient  and 
Modern  Constantinople.  He  died  April  28, 
1872,  in  Constantinople,  Turkey. 

BROWN,  JOHN  R.,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  14, 
1842,  in  Franklin  county,  Va.  He  entered 
the  confederate  army  as  a  private  in  com 
pany  D,  twenty-fourth  Virginia  volun 
teers.  In  1870  he  formed  a  copartnership 
with  his  father  as  manufacturers  of  to 
bacco  at  Shady  Grove,  and  in  1882  removed 
to  Martinsville,  where  the  firm  and  busi 
ness  has  since  been  continued.  He  was 
elected  mayor  of  Martinsville  in  1884,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  an 
independent  republican. 

BROWN,  JOHN  SIDNEY,  merchant, 
was  born  June  10,  1833,  in  Ohio.  He  and 
his  brother  built  the  first  grain  elevator 
and  roller  flour  mill  in  Colorado,  and  they 
are  now  engaged  in  the  grocery  business 
under  the  firm  name  of  J.  S.  Brown  and 
Brother.  He  was  president  of  the  City 
National  bank  of  Denver,  and  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Union  Pacific  and  Gulf  railroad 
for  several  years. 

BROWN,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1797  in  Dundee, 
Scotland.  He  was  elected  a  justice  of  the 
peace  in  1820;  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  in  1832,  and  re- 
elected  in  1834.  In  1849  he  was  elected  a 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  that  state, 
and  re-elected  in  1857,  retiring  from  the 
bench  in  1865.  He  died  Sept.  6,  1875,  in 
Newburg,  N.  Y. 

BROWN,  JOHN  WALKER,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  in  1814  in  New  York.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Christmas  Bells,  a  Tale  of  Holy 
Tide,  and  Other  Poems.  He  died  in  1849. 

BROWN,  JOHN  WESLEY,  journalist, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1852, 
in  Lee  Valley,  Tenn.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Hiwassee  college,  Ten 
nessee,  and  for  many  years  was  engaged 
in  the  government  service  as  pension 
clerk  and  file  clerk.  He  was  private  sec 
retary  to  Congressman  A.  H.  Pettibone; 
delegate  to  the  national  republican  con 
vention  in  1884;  an  alternate  in  1880;  and 
during  1884-87  served  with  distinction  as 
state  senator  in  the  Tennessee  legisla 
ture. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


159 


BROWN,  JOHN  YOUNG,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  28,  1835,  in 
Claysville,  Ky.  In  1859  he  was  elected  to 
congress,  but  not  having  attained  the  con 
stitutional  age,  declined  to  take  his  seat. 
In  1867  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  fortieth  congress, 
but  in  March,  1868,  his  claim  to  a  seat  was 
rejected  by  the  house.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  and  forty-fourth  con 
gresses,  serving  on  various  committees. 

BROWN,  JOSEPH,  manufacturer,  scien 
tist,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1733,  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  He  was  greatly  interested  in  the 
science  of  electricity,  and  his  knowledge 
of  that  subject  was  remarkable  for  the 
time.  At  his  death  he  left  an  electric 
machine  of  his  own  construction,  then  un 
surpassed  by  any  other  in  the  country. 
He  devoted  considerable  study  to  me 
chanics  and  was  proficient  in  astronomy. 
He  died  Dec.  3,  1785,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

BROWN,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1773  in  North  Carolina.  He  fought  in  the 
war  of  1812,  as  colonel  of  the  twenty- 
seventh  Tennessee  regiment.  When 
eighty-six  years  of  age  he  wrote  an  ac 
count  of  his  captivity  and  the  destruction 
of  Chickamauga.  He  died  in  1862  in 
Tennessee. 

BROWN,  JOSEPH  EMERSON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  April  15,  1821,  in  South  Caro 
lina.  In  1849  he  was 
elected  to  the 
Georgia  state  sen 
ate;  in  1852  he  was 
a  Pierce  elector;  in 
1855  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  superior 
courts  of  the  Blue 
Ridge  circuit;  and  in 
1857  he  was  elected 
governor.  He  was 
re-elected  in  1859 
over  Hon.  Warren 
Aiken.  He  was  a  se 
cessionist  in  1860,  and  was  active  and  en 
ergetic  as  a  war  governor  after  the  state 
had  seceded.  In  1861  he  was  again  elected 
governor  over  the  Hon.  Eugenius  A.  Nis- 
bet,  and  in  1863  he  was  again  elected. 
During  1868-70  he  was  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Georgia,  which  position 
he  resigned  to  accept  the  presidency  of 
the  Western  Atlantic  Railroad  company. 
During  1880-91  he  was  United  States  sen 
ator.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1894,  in  Atlanta. 
Ga. 

BROWN,  JULIUS  L.,  lawyer,  business 
man,  was  born  May  31,  1848,  in  Canton, 
Ga.  He  was  general  counsel  for  the 
Western  and  Atlantic  railroads;  and  is 
now  master  in  chancery  of  the  United 
States  circuit  court;  and  president  of 
The  Georgia  Mining,  Manufacturing  and 
Investment  company. 

BROWN,  JUNIUS  FLAG,  merchant, 
was  born  Sept.  3,  1828,  in  Conneaut,  Ohio. 
He  went  to  Denver  in  1870,  and  estab 
lished  a  wholesale  grocery  business,  under 
the  firm  name  of  J.  S.  Brown  and  Bro., 
which  has  greatly  prospered.  He  was 
vice-president  of  the  City  National  bank 
for  fifteen  years,  and  is  a  large  share 
holder  in  the  Denver  Tramway  street  car 
railroad. 

BROWN,  LEWIS  HENRY,  legislator, 
public  official,  was  born  March  24,  1857, 
in  Hayward,  Cal.  He  has  served  as  city 
treasurer  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  has 
been  a  member  of  the  state  legislature; 
and  filled  the  high  office  of  secretary  of 
state. 

BROWN,  MARY  L.,  poet,  was  born  in 
Griswold,  Conn.  Has  written  extensively 
for  the  periodical  press,  and  many  of  her 
poems  have  appeared  in  standard  works. 


BROWN,  MASON,  jurist,  was  born  Nov. 
10, 1799,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  judge 
of  the  circuit  court  of  his  district  for 
many  years,  and  from  1855  till  1859,  dur 
ing  the  administration  of  Gov.  Morehead, 
he  was  secretary  of  state.  To  his  public 
spirit  Frankfort  was  largely  indebted  for 
works  of  public  utility  and  ornament.  He 
died  Jan.  27,  1867,  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

BROWN,  MATTHEW,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  in  1776  in  Northum 
berland  county,  Pa.  In  1801  he  was  or 
dained  pastor  of  the  united  congrega 
tions  of  Mifflin  and  Lost  Creek,  and  in 
1805  became  pastor  of  the  presbyterian 
church  at  Washington,  Pa.,  and  principal 
of  the  academy  there.  When  the  acad 
emy  was  chartered  as  Washington  college, 
in  1806,  Mr.  Brown  was  made  its  first 
president.  He  resigned  in  1816,  still  re 
taining  his  pastorate.  After  refusing  the 
presidency  of  Centre  college,  Danville, 
Ky.,  he  accepted,  in  1822,  that  of  Jeffer 
son  college,  Cannonsburg,  Pa.  He  died 
July  20,  1853,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

BROWN,  MILTON,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  removed  to  Tennessee; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1841  to  1847. 

BROWN.  MILTON,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  May  12,  1854,  in  Raysville,  Ind. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  Indiana  and  at  Knightstown 
academy.  During  1876-80  he  was  deputy 
recorder  and  recorder;  and  the  four  suc 
ceeding  years  was  clerk  of  the  circuit 
court  in  Indiana.  During  1892-96  he  served 
in  the  Kansas  legislature  as  state  senator 
with  distinction.  He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  Kansas;  was  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Medico-Legal  congress;  and  a 
member  of  the  committee  of  the  Ameri 
can  Bar  association  for  the  uniformity  of 
land  and  code  revision. 

BROWN,  MORGAN  W.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Tennessee.  In  1834  he  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  district  com 
prising  that  state. 

BROWN,  NATHAN  W.,  soldier,  was 
born  Jan.  15,  1819,  in  Brownsville,  N.  Y. 
He  entered  the  service  as  paymaster  in 
1849;  was  made  assistant  paymaster-gen 
eral  with  the  rank  of  colonel  in  1866;  and 
in  1880  was  appointed  paymaster-general 
with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 

BROWN,  NEILL  S.,  soldier,  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  July,  1810,  in  Giles 
county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  volunteer  in  the 
Florida  war  of  1836-37.  In  1842  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Tennessee 
legislature,  serving  two  years;  in  1844 
was  a  presidential  elector;  in  1847  was 
the  candidate  of  the  whig  party  for  gov 
ernor  of  Tennessee,  and  was  elected.  In 
1850  he  was  appointed  minister  to  Russia, 
serving  four  years.  In  1855  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Tennessee  legislature,  and  be 
came  speaker  of  the  house.  He  died  Jan 
uary,  1886,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

BROWN,  NICHOLAS,  philanthropist, 
was  born  April  4,  1769,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
In  honor  of  Nicholas  Brown  and  in  recog 
nition  of  his  gifts,  amounting  nearly  to 
$100,000,  Rhode  Island  college  changed  its 
name  to  Brown  university.  He  afterward 
gave  two  buildings  to  the  university. 
He  died  Sept.  27,  1841. 

BROWN,  OBADIAH,  merchant,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  July  15,  1771,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  His  benefactions  were 
extended  to  worthy  enterprises  in  all 
Christian  bodies,  although  his  principal 
donations  were  to  the  Friends'  boarding- 
school,  founded  by  his  father,  to  which 
he  left  $100,000  by  his  will,  to  form  a 
permanent  charitable  fund.  He  died  Oct. 
15,  1822,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 


BROWN,  OLIVER  HUFF,  merchant, 
was  born  Dec.  12,  1852,  in  Farmingdale, 
N.  J.  He  established  a  house  furnishing 
business  in  Spring  Lake  Beach,  which  is 
one  of  the  largest  of  its  kind  on  the  New 
Jersey  coast.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
Spring  Lake  and  Sea  Girt  Land  and  Im 
provement  company,  and  the  Deal  Beach 
Land  company. 

BROWN,  OLYMPIA,  minister,  lecturer, 
was  born  Jan.  5,  1835,  in  Prairie  Ronde, 
Mich.  Entering  the  Universalist  Theo 
logical  school  at  Canton,  N.  Y.,  she  was 
graduated  and  ordained  in  1863,  and  in 
1864  was  installed  as  pastor  of  a  church 
in  Weymouth,  Mass.  In  1869  she  became 
pastor  of  a  church  in  Bridgeport,  Conn., 
and  afterward  married  Henry  Willis.  She 
has  since  been  pastor  of  churches  in  the 
west,  lectures  frequently,  and  became 
president  of  the  Wisconsin  Woman  Suf 
frage  association. 

BROWN,  OREN  BRITT,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  June  22,  1853,  in  New  Orleans 
county,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Denison  university  of  Gran- 
ville,  Ohio;  and  the  Princeton  college, 
New  Jersey.  Since  1878  he  has  been  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law,  and  i3  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ohio  at  Day 
ton,  where  he  is  a  judge  of  the  city 
police  court;  and  has  filled  various  pub 
lic  offices  of  honor. 

BROWN,  ORVON  GRAFF,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  July  1,  1863, 
in  Greensburg,  Pa.  In  1882  he  was  elect 
ed  professor  of  science  in  the  Cincinnati 
Wesleyan  college;  and  in  1885  was  elect 
ed  president  of  Twin  Valley  college,  which 
he  named  from  its  location  in  the  Twin 
Valley. 

BROWN,  PHILIP  SHELLEY,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  14,  1833,  in  Bedford  coun 
ty,  Pa.  He  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  and  retained  for 
years  a  prominent  position  at  the  bar. 

BROWN,  MRS.  PHOEBE  (HINSDALB), 
hymn  writer,  was  born  in  1783,  in  Canaan, 
N.  Y.  She  was  a  hymn  writer  remembered 
for  her  popular  religious  lyric,  I  Love  to 
Steal  Awhile  Away.  She  died  Oct.  10, 
1861,  in  Henry,  111. 

BROWN,  ROBERT,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1745  in 
Northampton  county,  Pa.  He  was  ap 
pointed  at  the  beginning  of  the  revolu 
tion  an  officer  in  the  Pennsylvania  flying 
camp,  and  was  made  prisoner  on  Long 
island.  He  was  made  brigadier-general 
of  the  state  militia,  filled  several  civil 
stations,  and  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  for  some  time.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
in  1798-1815.  He  died  Feb.  26,  1823,  In 
Northampton,  Pa. 

BROWN,  ROBERT  C.,  merchant,  was 
born  in  Cohocton,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Owl  Cigar  company  of  New  York 
and  Florida,  and  has  been  trustee  of  the 
Mercantile  Benefit  association,  and  of  the 
Excelsior  Savings  bank. 

BROWN,  SAMUEL,  physician,  was  born 
Jan.  30,  1769,  in  Rockbridge  county,  Va. 
From  1819  till  1825  he  was  professor  of 
the  theory  and  practice  of  medicine  at 
Transylvania  university,  Lexington,  Ky. 
In  medical  practice  Dr.  Brown  was  instru 
mental  in  introducing  in  the  United 
States  the  process  of  lithotrity  shortly 
after  its  first  successful  application  by 
French  surgeons.  He  established  a  medi 
cal  society  in  Lexington,  and  framed  for 
it  a  code  of  medical  ethics.  This  body,  at 
first  a  secret  society,  was  the  original  of 
the  medical  associations  of  Philadelphia, 
New  York  and  Baltimore.  He  died  Jan. 
12,  1830,  in  Alabama. 


160 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BROWN,  SAMUEL  OILMAN,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  4,  1813,  in  North  Yarmouth,  Maine. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  and 
president  of  Hamilton  college  in  1867-81. 
He  was  the  author  of  Biography  of  Self- 
Taught  Men;  and  Life  of  Rufus  Choate. 
He  died  in  1885. 

BROWN,  SAMUEL  R.,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  1775.  He  was  a  volunteer 
during  the  war  of  1812.  He  was  the  author 
of  A  View  of  the  Campaigns  of  the  North 
western  Army;  and  History  of  the  War 
of  1812,  in  two  volumes.  He  died  Sept.  15, 
1817,  in  Cherry  Valley. 

BROWN,  SAMUEL  SMITH,  soldier, 
merchant,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1842,  in  Pitt, 
Pa.  He  studied  at  different  normal  schools 
and  at  Jefferson  college  in  Canonsburg, 
Pa.;  and  then  enlisted  in  the  union  army 
as  a  member  of  the  tenth  Pennsylvania 
reserves,  serving  through  the  early  part 
of  the  war  in  the  army  of  the  Potomac. 
He  is  the  owner  of  valuable  coal  lands. 

BROWN,  SETH  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1843,  in 
Waynesville,  Ohio.  He  was  a  member  of 
company  H,  seventy- 
ninth  Ohio  volunteer 
infantry.  He  was 
elected  prosecuting 
attorney  for  Warren 
county  in  1880  and 
re-elected  in  1882. 
He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the 
general  assembly  in 
1883  and  re-elected 
in  1885,  being  a 
member  of  the 
finance  committee  of 
the  house  for  four  years  and  chairman  of 
that  committee  during  his  second  term. 
He  was  chosen  presidential  elector  on  the 
Harrison  ticket  in  1888  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BROWN,  SOLYMAN,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  17,  1790,  in  Litchfield,  Conn.  He 
published  an  essay  on  American  poetry, 
together  with  some  miscellanies;  and 
Dental  Hygeia,  a  poem  on  the  general 
laws  of  health.  He  was  co-editor  of  the 
Journal  of  Dental  Science.  He  died  about 
1865  in  New  York. 

BROWN,  TARLETON,  soldier  of  the 
revolution,  was  born  in  1754  in  Barnwell 
district,  S.  C.  He  served  through  the  war 
of  independence,  attaining  the  rank  of 
captain.  His  Memoirs,  with  notes  by 
Charles  J.  Bushnell,  contain  Interesting 
and  original  information  in  relation  to 
the  events  of  his  time  in  the  Carolinas. 
He  died  in  1846. 

BROWN,  THERON,  clergyman,  author, 
poet,  was  born  April  29,  1832,  in  Willi- 
mantic.  Conn.  For  ten  years  he  was  a 
clergyman  of  the  baptist  church  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  For  over  a  quarter  of  a  cen 
tury  he  has  been  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Youth's  Companion.  He  has  written  a 
number  of  books  for  young  people,  the 
most  notable  of  which  are  The  Blount 
Family;  and  Walter  Neil's  Example.  He 
is  also  the  author  of  a  collection  of  poems 
entitled  Life  Songs. 

BROWN,  THOMAS,  statesman.  He  was 
governor  of  Florida  from  1849  to  1853. 

BROWN,  THOMAS,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Delaware.  He  entered  the  service 
as  midshipman  in  1801,  was  promoted  a 
lieutenant  in  1807.  master  in  1815,  and 
captain  in  1825.  He  commanded  the 
schooner  Gov.  Tompkins  in  several  en 
gagements  with  the  enemy  on  Lake  On 
tario  in  1814.  In  1819-21  he  commanded 
the  ship  Peacock  In  the  Mediterranean. 
He  died  Nov.  28,  1828,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


BROWN,  THOMAS,  colonial  author, 
was  born  about  1740.  He  was  a  resident 
of  Charlestown,  Mass.  In  1757  he  was 
captured  by  the  Indians,  after  being 
wounded  in  an  engagement  between  the 
French  and  English.  He  was  held  in 
captivity  for  nearly  four  years,  and  then 
returned  to  his  father's  house.  The  nar 
rative  of  his  adventures,  written  by  him 
self,  is  perhaps  the  rarest  of  American 
books  of  its  class. 

BROWN,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  journalist, 
was  born  about  1819  in  Ohio.  He  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  free-soil  movement 
of  1848,  and  in  1850  abandoned  the  pro 
fession  of  law,  and,  in  connection  with 
Col.  John  C.  Vaughn,  established  the  True 
Democrat,  the  free-soil  organ  of  northern 
Ohio.  In  1853  he  withdrew  from  that 
paper,  which,  in  the  course  of  the  next 
year,  became  the  Cleveland  Leader,  and 
established  the  Ohio  Farmer.  He  died 
June  13,  1867,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BROWN,  THOMAS  EDWIN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1841  in  District  of 
Columbia.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman  of 
Rochester,  N.  Y.;  and  the  author  of  Stud 
ies  in  Modern  Socialism  and  Labor  Prob 
lems. 

BROWN,  THOMAS  H.,  manufacturer, 
public  official,  was  born  April  3,  1839,  in 
Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  was  mayor  of  Mil 
waukee,  Wis.,  from  1880  to  1884.  His 
business  is  that  of  carriage  manufacturer. 
He  made  an  unsuccessful  run  on  the  re 
publican  ticket  for  congress. 

BROWN,  THOMAS  S.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  June  5,  1852,  in  Zanesfield,  Ohio. 
In  1873  he  graduated  from  the  Earlham 
college  of  Richmond,  Ind.;  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1881.  He  practiced 
law  in  Bellefontaine,  Ohio,  until  1889, 
when  he  moved  to  Topeka,  Kan.  In  1893 
he  continued  his  law  practice  in  Kansas 
City,  Mo.,  giving  special  attention  to  pat 
ent  law  and  law  of  municipal  bonds.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  articles  and 
papers  on  Tariff  and  other  economic  and 
legal  questions;  and  many  poems  of  rare 
merit  have  emanated  from  his  pen. 

BROWN,  THOMPSON  S.,  civil  engin 
eer,  was  born  in  1807  in  Brownsville, 
N.  Y.  He  was  chief  engineer  of  the  New 
York  and  Erie  railroad  in  1838-42,  and 
subsequently  employed  as  consulting  en 
gineer  of  the  St.  Petersburg  and  Moscow 
railroad  in  Russia.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1855, 
in  Naples,  Italy. 

BROWN,  THURLOW  WEED,  journal 
ist,  author.  He  was  a  Wisconsin  journal 
ist  prominent  as  a  temperance  advocate; 
and  the  author  of  Why  I  Am  a  Temper 
ance  Man;  Minnie  Hermon,  the  Land 
lord's  Daughter;  and  Temperance  Tales. 
He  died  May  4,  1866,  in  Fort  Atkinson, 
Wis. 

BROWN,  TITUS,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  "in  1786  in  Che 
shire  county,  N.  H.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  New  Hampshire  from 
1820  to  1825;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1825  to  1829.  In  1842  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  and  made 
president.  He  died  Jan.  31,  1849,  in  Fran- 
cistown,  N.  H. 

BROWN,  WALTER  L.,  merchant,  state 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1845,  in  Carlisle, 
N.  Y.  For  twenty  years  he  conducted  a 
hardware  store  in  Oneonta,  N.  Y.,  cover 
ing  a  whole  block,  and  was  the  largest  of 
its  kind  in  his  county.  For  a  number  of 
years  he  has  been  first  lieutenant  in  the 
New  York  state  guards;  was  president 
of  the  town  board;  and  during  1888-91 
served  with  distinction  in  the  New  York 
state  assembly;  and  subsequently  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate. 


BROWN,  WILL  GAY,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  April  8,  1867,  in  Warrick. 
Ga.  He  has  attained  success  as  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  Alabama  at  Cullman; 
and  in  1896  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  of  the  Alabama  legislature 
for  a  term  of  four  years. 

BROWN,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Frederick  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1819  to  1823. 

BROWN,  WILLIAM  G.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  25, 
1801,  in  Preston  county,  Va.  In  1832  he 
was  elected  to  the 
legislature  of  Vir 
ginia;  served  again 
in  that  capacity  from 
1840  to  1843;  and 
was  a  representative 
in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1845 
to  1849.  In  1850  he 
was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  state  con 
vention;  in  1860  a 
delegate  to  the  Char 
leston  convention, 
and  also  to  that  held  in  Baltimore;  and 
was  also  a  delegate  to  the  Virginia  con 
vention  of  1861,  and  opposed  the  action  of 
the  secessionists.  On  his  return  home  he 
was  elected  a  representative  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress;  and  in  1863  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress  as  a 
representative  from  West  Virginia. 

BROWN,  WILLIAM  HILL,  poet,  was 
born  in  1766.  He  wrote  a  tragedy,  found 
ed  on  the  death  of  Major  John  Andrfe, 
and  a  comedy.  His  Ira  and  Isabella  was 
published  in  1807.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1793, 
in  Murfreesborough,  N.  C. 

BROWN,  WILLIAM  J.,  journalist,  pub 
lic  official,  congressman,  was  born  in  1805 
in  Kentucky.  He  was  at  one  time  secre 
tary  of  state  for  Indiana,  and  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Indiana  from 
184S  to  1845,  and  again  from  1849  to  1851. 
He  was  assistant  postmaster-general 
under  President  Polk.  He  was  editor  of 
the  Indiana  Sentinel;  state  librarian  of 
Indiana;  and.  at  the  time  of  his  death 
special  agent  of  the  post  office  department 
for  Indiana  and  Illinois.  He  died  March 
18,  1857,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

BROWN,  WILLIAM  KING,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  June  28,  1865,  near  Red 
Springs,  N.  C.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  university  of  North  Carolina  and 
the  university  of  Nashville.  For  many 
years  he  was  engaged  in  educational  work 
as  principal  of  the  high  school  of  Bur 
lington,  Ala.;  and  as  instructor  in  the 
Centennial  graded  school  of  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
He  has  attained  prominence  as  one  of 
Alabama's  ablest  lawyers;  and  has  an  ex 
tensive  practice  in  Birmingham. 

BROWN,  WILLIAM  MASON,  landscape 
painter,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1826,  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.     He  received  his  education  in  the 
Lancasterian    school 
of   Troy,    N.   Y.     At 
the   age    of   twenty- 
five    he    began    the 
study  of  art,  and  has 
attained  eminence  as 
a    painter    of    land 
scapes  and  still  life. 
His    paintings    have 
been  exhibited  in  the 
various      expositions 
for  the  past  quarter 
of  a  century;    and  he 
has  received  numer 
ous  awards.     His  studio  is  in  Brooklyn, 
N.   Y.,   In   which   city  he   Is  an   honored 
member  of  the  various  art  institutes. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


161 


BROWN,  WILLIAM  R.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
(•ongressman,  was  born  July  16,  1849,  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  became  a  lawyer,  and 
settled  in  Kansas  in  1862.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  the  ninth  judicial  district  of  Kan 
sas  in  1867;  re-elected  in  1872;  and  in 
1874  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Kansas  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican.  In  1892  he  located  in  El  Reno, 
Okla. ;  and  in  1894  was  elected  judge  of 
the  probate  court. 

BROWN,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April 
22,  1836,  in  Summerhill,  N.  Y.  He  enlisted 
in  the  union  army  for  a  three-years' 
term;  and  served  with  gallantry  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  elected  district 
attorney  in  1866.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  from  1872  to 
1876;  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BROWN,  WOLSTON  RICHMOND, 
banker,  lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1860,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In  1886  he  was  elected  to 
the  city  council  of  Passaic,  N.  J.,  and 
served  two  terms:  in  1889  was  appointed 
supreme  court  commissioner;  in  1891  was 
elected  mayor,  and  re-elected  in  1893. 

BROWN,  YARDLEY  T..  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  July  13,  1852,  near  Win 
chester,  Va.  For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  has  been  the  editor  and  own 
er  of  The  Telephone  of  Loudon,  Va. 

BROWNE,  CAUSTEN,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1828  in  the  District  of  Colum 
bia.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston;  and  the 
author  of  Treatise  on  the  Construction 
of  the  Statute  of  Frauds. 

BROWNE,  CHARLES  FARRAR,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  26,  1834,  in  Water- 
ford,  Maine.  He  was  a  very  genuine 
though  grotesque  humorist,  whose  satire 
is  invariably  good-natured  and  whose 
humor  is  based  on  shrewd  sense.  While 
a  printer  in  the  office  of  The  Plaindealer, 
in  Cleveland,  he  began  publishing  his 
series  of  letters  from  Artemus  Ward, 
Showman.  Later  he  became  known  as  a 
popular  humorous  lecturer,  and  was  lec 
turing  in  England  with  success  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  was  the  author  of  Artemus 
Ward:  His  Book;  Artemus  Ward  Among 
the  Mormons;  Artemus  Ward  in  London; 
Artemus  Ward:  His  Travels;  and  Ar 
temus  Ward's  Lecture  at  Egyptian  Hall. 
He  died  March  6,  1867,  in  Southampton, 
England. 

BROWNE,  FRANCIS  FISHER,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1843,  in 
Windham  county,  Vt.  He  is  a  son  of 
William  Goldsmith 
Browne,  the  author 
of  the  popular  poem, 
A  Hundred  Years  to 
Come,  and  the  pro 
prietor  of  The 
Journal  of  Chicopee, 
Mass.  He  served 
through  the  civil 
war  in  the  forty- 
sixth  regiment  Mas 
sachusetts  v  o  1  u  n- 
teers.  He  studied 
law;  edited  The 
Lakeside  Monthly  of  Chicago  during  1869- 
74;  was  afterward  literary  editor  of  The 
Alliance;  and  in  1880  founded  The  Dial, 
of  which  he  is  still  editor  and  chief  own 
er.  His  principal  works  are  Golden 
Poems  by  British  and  American  Authors; 
Bugle  Echoes;  Laurel  Crown;  and  a 
volume  of  his  own  poems  entitled  Volun 
teer  Grain.  The  Everyday  Life  of  Abra 
ham  Lincoln,  from  his  pen,  Is  a  valuable 
acquisition  to  historical  literature. 

11 


BROWNE,  FRANK  J.,  lawyer,  edu 
cator,  was  born  in  1860,  in  Eaton,  Ohio. 
He  is  a  noted  educator,  and  in  1896  became 
superintendent  of  public  instruction  for 
the  state  of  Washington  at  Olympla. 

BROWNE,  GEORGE  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1818  in  Gloucester, 
R.  I.  He  was  elected  to  both  the  charter 
and  suffrage  legislatures  of  his  state  in 
3842;  and  was  again  elected  to  the  Rhode 
Island  legislature,  and  re-elected  until 
1852.  In  1852  he  was  appointed  United 
States  attorney  for  Rhode  Island,  which 
office  he  held  until  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Rhode  Island  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress. 

BROWNE,  GEORGE  WALDO,  lecturer, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1851,  in 
Deerfield,  N.  H.  He  is  the  author  of  A 
Daughter  of  Maryland;  Civil  and  Po 
litical  History  of  Manchester;  Sent  to 
Siberia;  Lights  and  Shades  of  Russian 
Life;  Captain  of  Honor;  and  Legends 
and  Folklore  of  the  Land  of  the  Granite 
Hills.  He  is  also  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  poems  entitled  Plain  Poems  of  Heart 
and  Home;  has  contributed  poems  to 
various  standard  collections;  and  is  a 
popular  writer  of  Manchester,  N.  H. 

BROWNE.  HAMILTON,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1844,  in  New 
York  Mills,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  president  of 
the  Boone  Valley  Coal  and  Railway  com 
pany  at  Boone,  Iowa. 

BROWNE.  IRVING,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  14,  1835,  in  Marshall,  N.  Y. 
He  is  the  author  of  Humorous  Phases  of 
the  Law;  Short  Studies  of  Great  Lawyers; 
Judicial  Interpretation  of  Common  Words 
and  Phrases;  Law  and  Lawyers  in  Liter 
ature;  Iconoclasm  and  Whitewash;  The 
Character  of  the  Nurse's  Deceased  Hus 
band  in  Romeo  and  Juliet;  Our  Best  So 
ciety,  a  comedy;  and  The  Elements  of 
Criminal  Law. 

BROWNE,  JEFFERSON  B.,  lawyer, 
lieutenant-governor,  was  born  in  Key 
West,  Fla.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  the  south  at  Key  West, 
Fla.;  was  lieutenant-governor  of  Flor 
ida  in  1891;  and  during  1893-97  was 
collector  of  the  port  of  Key  West. 

BROWNE,  JOHN  MILLS,  surgeon',  was 
born  May  10,  1831,  in  Hinsdale,  N.  H. 
He  entered  the  United  States  navy  as  an 
assistant  surgeon  in  1853.  In  1855-56  he 
participated  in  the  Indian  war  on  Puget 
sound,  and  subsequently  he  took  part  in 
the  survey  of  the  northwest  boundary. 

BROWNE,  JOHN  ROSS,  traveler,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1817  in  Ireland.  He  was 
a  writer  of  amusing  travels,  illustrated 
by  original  drawings.  He  is  the  author 
of  An  American  Family  in  Germany;  Yu- 
sef,  a  Crusade  in  the  East;  Land  of  Thor, 
a  volume  of  Icelandic  experiences;  Etch 
ings  of  a  Whaling  Voyage;  Crusoe's 
Island;  and  Adventures  in  the  Apache 
Country.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1875,  in  Oak 
land,  Cal. 

BROWNE,  JUNIUS  HENRI,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1833  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  Four  Years  in  Secessia; 
The  Great  Metropolis,  a  Memoir  of  New 
York;  and  Light  and  Sensations  in 
Europe. 

BROWNE,  MARIA  J.  B.,  educator, 
translator,  author,  was  born  in  North 
ampton,  Mass.  She  has  published  Mar 
garet;  Laura  Huntley;  and  Story  of  a 
Western  Sunday  School;  and  translated 
into  Spanish  The  Borrowed  Bible,  written 
by  her  sister;  and  two  other  small  vol 
umes.  She  translated  from  the  Spanish 


A  History  of  Granada,  by  Jos6  Francisco 
de  Luque. 

BROWNE,  MARY  FRANK,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  9,  1835,  in  Warsaw,  N.  Y.  Mrs. 
Browne  is  the  president  of  the  San  Fran 
cisco  Presbyterian  orphanage  and  farm; 
and  the  author  of  several  works. 

BROWNE,  SAMUEL  BARNETT,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1844,  in 
Mt.  Vernon.  Ala.  He  served  in  the  con 
federate  army;  lost 
his  right  foot  at 
Frazier's  Farm; 
again  entered  the 
army  as  a  cavalry 
man;  and  was  rec 
ommended  as  major 
by  Gen.  Robert  E. 
Lee  for  distinguished 
valor  on  the  battle 
field.  In  1868  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar; 
subsequently  he  re 
sided  in  Calvert, 
Texas,  and  became  editor  of  the  Central 
Texan.  He  again  returned  to  Mobile. 
Ala.,  where  he  has  become  distinguished 
especially  in  criminal  law,  and  is  known 
as  one  of  the  most  eminent  lawyers  of  the 
Alabama  bar. 

BROWNE,  SAMUEL  J.,  clergyman, 
philanthropist,  was  born  March  19, 
1788,  in  England.  He  became  a  min 
ister  of  the  United  Brethren,  but 
parted  with  them  on  the  question  of 
secret  societies,  and  joined  the  presbytery 
of  Cincinnati  about  1868.  He  accumu 
lated  a  large  fortune  by  the  rise  of  real 
estate  in  that  city,  and  bequeathed  |150,- 
000  for  the  establishment  of  a  university 
to  bear  his  name,  also  land  whereon  to 
erect  the  building,  and  an  endowment  for 
professorships.  He  left  other  sums  for 
the  building  of  a  church  and  for  the  es 
tablishment  of  a  free  school  in  Cincinnati. 
He  died  Sept.  10,  1872,  in  Harrison  Junc 
tion,  Ohio. 

BROWNE,  SARA  H.,  author,  was  born 
in  Sunderland,  Mass.  She  has  published 
The  Book  for  the  Eldest  Daughter;  The 
Borrowed  Bible;  Philip  Alderton;  Mag 
gie  Menealy;  and  other  volumes  for  the 
young;  also  A  Manual  of  Commerce;  and 
magazine  articles  in  prose  and  poetry. 

BROWNE,  THOMAS  H.  BAYLY,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1844  at  Accomack,  Va.  He  volunteered  as 
a  private  in  company  F,  thirty-ninth  regi 
ment  Virginia  infantry;  afterward  served 
as  a  private  in  Chew's  battery  of  the 
Stuart  horse  artillery;  and  was  surren 
dered  with  the  army  of  northern  Virginia 
in  April,  1865.  In  1873  he  was  elected  at 
torney  for  the  commonwealth  of  Acco 
mack  county;  was  presidential  elector  on 
the  Elaine  ticket  in  1884;  was  elected 
to  the  fiftieth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

BROWNE,  THOMAS  M.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  April  19,  1829, 
in  New  Paris,  Ohio.  He  was  prosecuting 
attorney  for  the  thirteenth  judicial  cir 
cuit  of  the  state  of  Indiana  from  1855  to 
1861 ;  was  secretary  of  the  state  sen 
ate  in  1861,  and  a  state  senator  in  1863. 
He  entered  the  union  army  as  lieutenant- 
colonel,  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  colonel 
and  brevet  brigadier-general.  He  was 
United  States  attorney  for  the  district  of 
Indiana  from  1869  to  1872;  and  was  an 
unsuccessful  candidate  for  governor  of 
the  state  in  1872.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth, 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 


162 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BROWNE,  WILLIAM  HAND,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  31,  1828,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  is  an  historical  writer  of  Baltimore 
who,  besides  assisting  Scharf  and  other 
writers,  has  also  written  Maryland,  the 
History  of  a  Palatinate;  and  George  Cal- 
vert  and  Cecilius  Calvert,  Barons  Balti 
more. 

BROWNE,  WILLIAM  HARDCASTLE, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1840  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia; 
and  the  author  of  Digest  of  the  Law  of 
Divorce  and  Alimony  in  the  United  States; 
Famous  Women  of  History;  and  Bible 
Heroes. 

BROWNELL,  CHAUNCEY  W.,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1847,  in  Wil- 
liston,  Vt.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Burlington,  Vt.;  and  since  1890  has  been 
secretary  of  state. 

BROWNELL,  HENRY  HOWARD,  sol 
dier,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1820, 
in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war  as  ensign  under  Farragut,  and  was 
present  in  the  two  engagements  described 
in  his  famous  battle  poems,  The  Bay 
Fight,  and  The  River  Fight,  which  rank 
among  the  finest  verses  of  their  kind.  He 
was  the  author  of  Poems;  People's  Book 
of  Ancient  and  Modern  History;  Discov 
erers  of  North  and  South  America;  Lyrics 
of  a  Day;  and  War  Lyrics.  He  died  Oct. 
31,  1872,  in  East  Hartford,  Conn. 

BROWNELL,  SEYMOUR,  soldier,  busi 
ness  man,  state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  27, 
1837,  in  Farmington,  Mich.  During  1858- 
61  he  was  postmaster  of  Utica,  Mich.; 
raised  company  H,  second  Michigan  cav 
alry;  served  on  the  staffs  of  several  gen 
erals;  and  was  brevetted  colonel  for 
meritorious  services.  He  was  the  pro 
moter  and  one  of  the  directors  of  the  De 
troit  and  Bay  City  railroad,  and  in  1872 
built  the  first  thirty  miles  of  that  road. 
In  1872  he  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  senate;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
democratic  national  convention  of  1868. 
In  1884  he  engaged  in  iron  mining,  with 
headquarters  in  Detroit.  He  was  the  pro 
moter  of  the  Grand  River  Electric  rail 
way,  of  which  he  is  managing  director 
and  one  of  the  principal  owners. 

BROWNELL,  THOMAS  CHURCH, 
bishop,  author,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1779,  in 
Westport,  Mass.  He  was  the  third  pro- 
testant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Connecti 
cut;  and  the  author 
of  Family  Prayer 
Book;  Commentary 
on  the  Prayer  Book; 
Youthful  Christian's 
Guide;  Consolation 
for  the  Afflicted; 
Christian's  Walk  and 
('(insolation;  and  Re 
ligion  of  Heart  and 
Life.  Many  other  re 
ligious  works  also 
appeared  from  his  pen.  He  died  Jan.  13, 
1865,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

BROWNELL.  WALTER  A.,  educator, 
was  born  March  23,  1838,  in  Evans  Mills, 
N.  Y.  In  1881  he  was  professor  of  miner 
alogy  in  the  vacation  summer  school  for 
teachers  at  Martha's  Vineyard,  Mass.  He 
has  held  professorships  in  the  Syracuse 
high  school;  Red  Creek  seminary;  Ful 
ton  seminary,  and  many  other  prominent 
colleges. 

BROWNELL,  WILLIAM  CRARY,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1851  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  New  York  journalist  and 
critic;  and  the  author  of  Newport;  French 
Art;  Classic  and  Contemporary  Painting 
and  Sculpture;  and  French  Traits:  an 
essay  in  Comparative  Criticism. 


BROWNING,  J.  HULL,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1841,  in  Orange, 
N.  J.  Since  1887  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Northern  railroad  of  New  Jersey. 

BROWNING,  ORVILLE  HICKMAN, 
lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  in  1810  in 
Harrison  county,  Ky.  He  served  through 
the  Black  Hawk  war  in  1832;  in  1836  was 
elected  a  senator  in  the  Illinois  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1861  was  appointed  a  senator 
in  congress  to  fill  the  vacancy.  He  died 
Aug.  10,  1881,  in  Quincy,  111. 

BROWNLEE,  WILLIAM  CRAIG,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1784  in  Scot 
land.  In  1826  he  was  installed  as  one  of 
the  ministers  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed 
Dutch  church  in  New  York.  He  edited  the 
Dutch  Church  Magazine  through  four  con 
secutive  volumes,  and  published  Inquiry 
into  the  Principles  of  the  Quakers;  The 
Roman  Catholic  Controversy;  Treatise  on 
Popery;  Lights  and  Shadows  of  Chris 
tian  Life;  The  Christian  Youths'  Book; 
Christian  Father  at  Home;  Deity  of 
Christ;  History  of  the  Western  Apostolic 
Church;  The  Converted  Murderer;  and 
The  Whigs  of  Scotland,  a  romance,  be 
sides  several  pamphlets.  He  died  Feb.  10, 
1860,  in  New  York  city. 

BROWNLEE,  WILLIAM  R.,  journalist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1846,  in 
Coitsville,  Ohio.  In  1880  he  was  nomin 
ated  and  elected  state  senator  to  the  In 
diana  legislature. 

BROWNLOW,  WALTER  PRESTON, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  March 
27,  1851,  in  Abingdon,  Va.  In  1876  he 
purchased  the  Herald 
and  Tribune,  a  re 
publican  newspaper, 
published  at  Jones- 
boro,  of  which  he 
has  been  the  editor 
and  proprietor  since. 
In  1882  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the 
republican  state 
committee  and 
served  as  a  member 
of  said  committee 
for  eight  years,  two 
of  which  he  was  its  chairman.  He  was 
appointed  postmaster  at  Jonesboro  in 
1881.  He  was  a  delegate  from  the  state  at 
large  to  the  republican  national  conven 
tion  of  1884,  and  favored  the  nomination 
of  James  G.  Blaine;  and  was  unanimously 
selected  at  that  time  by  the  delegation 
from  his  state  as  Tennessee's  member  of 
the  national  committee.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  protection 
ist  republican. 

BROWNLOW,  WILLIAM  GANNAWAY, 
clergyman,  journalist,  governor,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  29,  1805,  in  Wythe  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  meth- 
odist  preacher  and 
journalist  of  Knox- 
ville,  Tenn.;  con 
spicuous  for  his 
fidelity  to  the  union 
during  the  civil  war; 
and  known  as'  Par- 
son  Brownlow.  At 
the  close  of  the  war 
he  served  two  terms 
as  governor  of  his 
state.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Iron 
Wheel  Examined  and  Its  False  Spokes 
Extracted,  a  reply  to  attacks  upon 
methodism;  Ought  American  Slavery  to 
Be  Perpetuated;  and  Sketches  of  the  Rise, 
Progress,  and  Decline  of  Secession.  He 
died  April  29,  1877,  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 


BROWNSCOMBE,  JENNIE,  artist,  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1850,  near  Honesdale,  Pa. 
She  has  devoted  her  studies  mainly  to 
genre  figure  painting,  and  has  made  a 
large  number  of  portraits.  Her  most 
widely  known  pictures  are  Grandmother's 
Treasures;  Blossom  Time;  The  Glean 
ers;  and  Sunday  Morning  in  Sleepy  Hol 
low.  She  has  exhibited  pictures  in  the 
Academy  of  Design  in  New  York  city; 
and  her  pictures  have  been  reproduced  in 
etchings  and  engravings. 

BROWNSON,  HENRY  F.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1835,  in 
Canton,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at  the 
college  of  the  Holy  Cross,  and  the  univer 
sity  of  Munich.  He  served  as  lieutenant, 
captain  and  major  in  the  United  States 
army  for  ten  years.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Detroit,  Mich.;  and  the  author 
of  several  works. 

BROWNSON,  JAMES  I.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  14,  1817,  in  Mercers- 
burg,  Pa.  He  has  been  pastor  of  the  pres- 
byterian  church  at  Washington,  Pa.,  since 
1849;  and  since  1852  has  been  connected 
with  the  Washington  college  as  trustee 
and  president  of  board  of  trustees.  He  has 
published  Memorials  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
David  Elliott  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  C. 
Beatty,  and  various  historical  addresses 
and  sketches. 

BROWNSON,  NATHAN,  physician, 
statesman.  He  was  a  member  of  the  pro 
vincial  congress  in  1775;  was  for  some 
time  a  surgeon  in  the  army;  and  speaker 
of  the  legislature  of  1781,  by  which  body 
he  was  chosen  governor  of  Georgia.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1776  to  1778;  speaker  of  the  Georgia 
house  of  representatives  in  1788;  presi 
dent  of  the  senate  from  1789  to  1791;  and 
in  1789  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
that  framed  the  state  constitution.  He 
died  Nov.  6,  1796,  in  Liberty  county,  Ga. 

BROWNSON,    ORESTES    AUGUSTUS, 

clergyman,    author,    was    born    Sept.    16, 

1803,  in  Stockbridge,  Vt.    He  was  a  promi- 

n  e  n  t    philosophical 

^^^^^^^^^^^^  thinker  who  in  early 
^^^^^^•t—  life  was  successively 
a  presbyterian,  a 
universalist  clergy 
man,  a  socialist 
leader  associated 
with  Robert  Owen, 
and  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman,  as  well  as  an 
able  political  speak 
er  at  all  times.  In 
1844  he  became  a 
Roman  Catholic,  and 
in  Brownson's  Review,  from  that  date 
until  1864,  he  ably  defended  the  Roman 
Catholic  faith  from  the  standpoint  of  a 
liberal.  His  philosophy  is  more  or  less 
influenced  by  the  thought  of  Cousin.  He 
is  the  author  of  New  Views  of  Chris 
tianity,  Society,  and  the  Church;  Charles 
Elwood,  or  the  Infidel  Converted  (1840),  a 
more  or  less  autobiographic  novel;  Leaves 
from  My  Experience;  Essays  and  Re 
views;  The  Spirit-Rapper,  an  autobiog 
raphy;  The  American  Republic,  a  work 
on  political  ethics;  and  Conversations  on 
Liberalism.  He  died  April  17,  1876,  in  De 
troit,  Mich. 

BRUBACK,  THEODORE,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  March  7,  1851,  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  elected  president  and 
manager  of  the  San  Pete  Valley  railroad 
in  1888,  which  position  he  still  holds.  He 
is  organizer  and  president  of  the  Marion 
Gold  Mining  Co.,  and  vice-president  and 
general  manager  of  the  Gold  Belt  Water 
company  of  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


163 


BRUCE,  ALEXANDER  CAMPBELL, 
architect,  was  born  March  16,  1835,  in 
Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  has  designed  a 
number  of  court  houses  and  public  build 
ings  in  Knoxville,  Teun.,  prominent 
among  them  the  Chattanooga  courthouse. 
The  finest  buildings  in  Atlanta  were  de 
signed  by  him,  among  them  the  Techno 
logical  institute,  Kiser  law  construction, 
high  school  and  county  courthouse. 

BRUCE,  ARCHIBALD,  physician,  edu 
cator,  was  born  in  February,  1777,  in  New 
York.  In  1807  he  was  appointed  professor 
of  materia  medica  and  mineralogy  in 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
being  the  first  to  fill  such  a  chair  in  the 
United  States.  After  1812  he  filled  the 
same  chair  in  Queen's,  now  Rutgers,  col 
lege,  New  Jersey.  He  projected  the  Amer 
ican  Mineralogical  Journal  in  1810,  and 
edited  it  until  1814.  His  chemical  analysis 
of  native  magnesia  from  New  Jersey  made 
known  to  science  the  mineral  now  called 
after  him,  Brucite.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1818, 
in  New  York. 

BRUCE,  BLANCHE  K.,  statesman,  was 
born  of  slave  parents  March  1,  1841,  in 
Prince  Edward  county,  Va.  He  received  a 
limited  education;  and  became  a  planter 
in  Mississippi  in  1869.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Mississippi  levee  board,  and  sheriff 
and  tax  collector  of  Bolivar  county  from 
1872  until  his  election  to  the  United  States 
senate  in  1875,  as  a  republican.  For  many 
years  he  was  register  of  the  treasury  at 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  was  filling  that 
position  when  he  died  in  1898. 

BRUCE,  DWIGHT  HALL,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  June  21,  1834,  in  Lenox. 
N.  Y.  He  became  the  managing  editor  of 
the  Oswego  Times;  and  in  1869  he  be 
came  part  owner  and  editor  of  the  Syra 
cuse  Journal.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Memorial  History  of  the  City  of  Syra 
cuse. 

BRUCE,  GEORGE,  typefounder,  was 
born  July  5,  1781,  in  Scotland.  In  1812 
David  went  to  England  and  brought  back 
the  secret  of  stereotyping.  The  brothers 
introduced  this  process  in  New  York,  be 
ing  compelled  to  cast  their  own  type,  so  as 
to  give  it  a  deeper  shoulder.  They  in 
vented  various  appliances  to  aid  in  stereo 
typing,  and  in  1816  gave  up  publishing 
to  start  a  type  foundry.  George  gave  his 
attention  to  type  founding,  David  his  to 
stereotyping.  In  this  trade  he  made  repu 
tation  and  a  fortune.  With  his  nephew. 
David  Bruce,  Jr.,  he  invented  the  only 
type-casting  machine  that  has  stood  the 
test  of  time,  and  brought  out  many  new 
and  beautiful  styles  of  letters.  He  died 
July  6,  1866,  in  New  York  city. 

BRUCE,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  LE- 
ROY,  farmer,  lecturer,  was  born  July  6, 
1852,  in  Resel  county,  Ala.  He  is  promi 
nent  in  the  political  affairs  of  Louisiana; 
since  1892  has  been  state  lecturer  of  the 
Farmers'  Alliance;  and  received  the 
nomination  for  governor  on  the  populist 
ticket  in  1892.  He  has  also  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church  south. 

BRUCE,  HENRY,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Feb.  12,  1798,  in  Machias,  Maine. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  navy  as  midship 
man  from  Massachusetts  in  1813,  com 
missioned  commodore  in  1862,  and  retired 
in  1867. 

BRUCE,  JAMES,  farmer,  legislator, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1827,  in  Harrison  county, 
Ind.  He  was  major  commanding  southern 
battalion  of  the  Oregon  mounted  volun 
teers  in  1855-56,  and  during  the  centen 
nial  in  1876  was  one  of  the  judges  of 
agricultural  implements.  He  has  twice 
been  a  member  of  the  house  of  represent 
atives  in  the  Oregon  legislature. 


BRUCE,  JOHN,  soldier,  planter,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  16,  1832,  in  Scotland.  He 
entered  the  union  army  and  served 
throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
colonel  and  brevet  brigadier-general.  He 
settled  in  Alabama  as  a  cotton  planter, 
and  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1872  and  1874.  In  1875  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Grant,  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  district  of 
Alabama. 

BRUCE,  PHINEAS,  congressman,  was 
born  June  17,  1762.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1792, 1793, 
1796,  and  1800,  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1803  to  1805.  He  died  Oct.  4,  1809. 
BRUCE,  SANDERS  DEWEES,  soldier, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1825, 
in  Lexington,  Ky.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war,  and  attained  the  rank  of  colonel. 
He  founded  the  widely  known  sporting 
journal,  Turf,  Field  and  Farm,  and  is  the 
author  of  American  Stud  Book,  and  The 
Thoroughbred  Horse. 

BRUCE,  WALLACE,  lecturer,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1844,  in  Hillsdale, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  poet  and  lecturer,  and  the 
author  of  From  the  Hudson  to  the  Yose- 
mite;  The  Land  of  Burns;  The  Connecti 
cut  Daylight;  in  verse,  The  Hudson;  Yo- 
semite;  Old  Homestead  Poems;  Wayside 
Poems;  In  Clover  and  Heather;  and 
Here's  a  Hand. 

BRUCKER,  FERDINAND,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1858,  in 
Bridgeport,  Mich.  He  graduated  from  the 
law  department  of  the  university  of  Mich 
igan  in  the  class  of  1881;  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  and  served  as  alderman  of  the 
city  of  East  Saginaw  in  1882-84.  He  held 
the  office  of  judge  of  probate  for  Saginaw 
county  two  terms,  from  1888  to  1896;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

BRUIN,  PETER  BRYAN,  jurist.  He 
was  appointed,  in  1798,  one  of  the  first 
United  States  judges  for  the  territory  of 
Mississippi. 

BRUMBAUGH,  HENRY  BOYER,  bish 
op,  college  president,  was  born  April  1, 
1836,  in  Huntingdon,  Pa.  He  is  president  of 
Brethren's  Publishing  company,  and  was 
for  many  years  president  of  Juniata  col 
lege;  vice-president  of  Orphans'  home,  and 
vice-president  of  Union  National  bank. 
He  is  the  bishop  of  his  church  and  dean 
of  the  biblical  department  of  Juniata  col 
lege. 

BRUMM,   CHARLES    N.,    soldier,    con 
gressman,  was  born  June  9,  1838,  in  Potts- 
ville,  Pa.    He  enlisted  in  the  union  army 
in   1861,   and    served 
throughout  the  war, 
being    commissioned 
an  assistant-quarter 
master   and   detailed 
on    staff    duty.     He 
was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  a  seat 
in     the     forty-sixth 
congress,     and     was 
elected  a  representa 
tive    from    Pennsyl 
vania    to    the  forty- 
seventh,        forty- 
eighth,    forty-ninth,    fiftieth,    fifty-fourth 
and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 
He  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  gov 
ernor  of  Pennsylvania. 

BRUNDIDGE,  STEPHEN,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  1,  1857,  in  White  county, 
Ark.  In  1886  he  was  elected  prosecuting 
attorney  for  the  first  judicial  district  of 
Arkansas,  and  re-elected  in  1888  without 
opposition.  Since  1890  he  has  served  a 
term  as  member  of  the  democratic  state 
central  committee  of  Arkansas,  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 


BRUNER,  JOHN  SIMEON,  poet  was 
born  Feb.  11,  1863,  in  Hope,  Ind.;  has 
written  extensively  for  the  periodical 
press,  and  his  poems  have  appeared  in 
several  standard  works. 

BRUNNER,  DAVID  B.,  educator,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  March  7, 
1835,  in  Amity,  Pa.  In  1869  he  was  elected 
county  superintendent  of  the  public 
schools  of  the  county,  which  office  he  filled 
until  1875;  taught  private  school  until 
1880,  when  he  opened  the  Reading  Busi 
ness  college,  and  has  since  been  the  prin 
cipal  of  that  institution.  He  is  the  author 
of  an  elementary  work  on  English  Gram 
mar  and  Analysis,  and  a  work  entitled 
The  Indians  of  Berks  County,  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  has  devoted  much  time  to  min 
eralogy  and  microscopy,  and  has  large  col 
lections  of  specimens  in  those  depart 
ments  of  science.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

BRUNNER,  JOHN  HAMILTON,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  March 
2,  1825,  in  Greene  county,  Tenn.  After 
receiving  his  educa 
tion  at  Greenville 
and  Tusculum  col 
lege,  he  entered  the 
ministry,  and  subse 
quently  became  pres 
ident  of  Hiawassee 
college,  Tennessee. 
He  is  a  fellow  of  the 
society  of  science, 
letters  and  art  of 
London,  England, 
and  prominent  in 
educational  affairs. 
He  has  contributed  valuable  articles  to 
current  literature  on  various  educational 
and  religious  topics  that  have  been  in 
corporated  into  standard  collections. 

BRUNOT,  FELIX  R.,  business  man, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1820. 
Middle  life  found  him  a  man  of  wealth, 
and  he  projected,  founded  and  for  many 
years  served  as  president  of  the  Mercan 
tile  library  of  Pittsburg,  and  is  yet  one 
of  .the  managers  of  the  Library  hall  of 
Pittsburg,  which  originated  with  him. 

BRUNS,  JOHN  DICKSON,  surgeon, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1836,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
surgeon  of  a  general  hospital  of  the  con 
federacy.  In  1866  he  was  chosen  pro 
fessor  of  physiology  and  pathology  in  the 
New  Orleans  school  of  medicine.  His 
poetical  writings  evince  graceful  versifi 
cation  and  marked  power  of  description. 
He  died  May  20,  1883,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

BRUNSON,  JOHN  C.,  farmer,  public 
official,  state  legislator,  was  born  July  20, 
1822,  in  East  Bloomfield,  N.  Y.  He  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  and  since 
1845  has  lived  in  Victor,  Mich.  He  has 
attained  success  as  a  farmer  and  mer 
chant;  was  justice  of  the  peace  for  thir 
ty-five  years;  postmaster  for  twenty-five 
years,  and  for  two  years  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Michigan  state  legislature. 

BRUSE,  JAMES  E.,  lawyer,  banker,  was 
born  April  14,  1860,  in  Brooklyn,  Iowa. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
in  his  native  state;  has  been  county  at 
torney,  president  of  the  Citizens'  bank  of 
Anita,  and  takes  a  prominent  part  in  pub 
lic  affairs. 

BRUSH,  ALEXANDER,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Feb.  8,  1824,  in  New  York.  In 
1848,  with  his  brother,  he  started  in  the 
brick  business,  in  which  they  prospered 
and  became  the  most  extensive  brick  man 
ufacturers  in  the  western  part  of  New- 
York.  He  died  June  1,  1892. 


164 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BRUSH,  ALFRED  ERSKINE,  lawyer, 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1850.  in  Detroit,  Mich. 
The  management  and  improvement  of  his 
father's  large  estate  give  him  ample  em 
ployment.  The  Hotel  Ste.  Claire,  the 
Lyceum  theater  and  Detroit  Driving  club 
are  properties  in  which  he  is  largely  in 
terested,  as  well  as  the  Michigan  Peninsu 
lar  Car  company. 

BRUSH,  CHARLES  FRANCIS,  electri 
cian,  inventor,  was  born  March  17,  1849,  in 
Euclid,  Ohio.  The  Brush  system  was  a 
success  from  ftie 
start.  Mr.  Brush  is 
a  large  owner  in  the 
General  Electric  and 
in  several  other 
large  corporations. 
Among  his  inven 
tions  are  the  series 
arc  lamp,  having  a 
shunt  circuit  of  high 
resistance,  which 
made  lighting  from 
central  stations  prac 
ticable;  copper-plat 
ed  carbons,  the  automatic  cut-out  for  arc 
lights,  the  compound  series  shunt  wind 
ing  for  dynamos,  the  multiple  carbon  arc 
lamp,  and  the  fundamental  storage  bat 
tery.  Fierce  litigation  has  taken  place 
over  some  of  these  inventions,  but  Dr. 
Brush's  patents  have  been,  as  a  rule,  fully 
sustained.  He  is  president  of  the  Euclid 
Avenue  National  bank  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

BRUSH.  MRS.  CONSTANCE  (CHAP 
LIN),  artist,  author,  was  born  in  1842  in 
Maine.  She  was  an  artist  in  water-colors 
whose  home  was  in  Brooklyn.  Her  most 
important  book.  The  Colonel's  Opera 
Cloak,  a  novel,  was  first  published  anon 
ymously.  Her  only  other  works  are  two 
stories,  Inside  Our  Gate;  and  One  Sum 
mer's  Lessons  in  Perspective.  She  died  in 
1892. 

BRUSH,  GEORGE  JARVIS,  mineral 
ogist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1831,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Since  1857  he  has  been 
identified  with  the  Sheffield  Scientific 
school.  He  has  published  a  Manual  of 
Determinative  Mineralogy  and  has  been 
a  constant  contributor  to  the  American 
Journal  of  Science. 

BRUSH,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  sol 
dier,  physician,  surgeon,  state  senator, 
was  born  Oct.  4,  1842,  in  Huntington,  N.  Y. 
.  .  .  In  1861  he  enlisted  as 

a  private  in  the 
forty-eighth  r  e  g  i  - 
ment,  New  York  vol- 
u  n  t  e  e  r  s  ;  served 
throughout  the  war, 
and  attained  the 
rank  of  captain.  He 
received  the  congres 
sional  medal  of 
honor  for  conspicu 
ous  gallantry  in  an 
engagement  on  the 
Ashepee  river  i  n 
May,  1864.  In  1876  he  graduated  from  the 
Long  Island  Medical  college,  and  has 
since  practiced  his  profession  in  Brook 
lyn.  In  1894  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  New  York  assembly,  and  in  1897  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate. 

BRUSH,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1778  in  Dutchess 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Ohio  from  1819  to  1821, 
and  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  state.  He  died  Jan.  19,  1855. 

BRUYN,  ANDREW  D.  W.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 

that   state  from    1837   to   1838.     He    died 

July,  1838,  In  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


BRYAN,  ANTHONY  H.,  physician,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1832,  in  Monti- 
cello,  Ky.  He  accepted  a  professorship  of 
general  pathology  in  the  Evansville  Medi 
cal  college  in  1876.  He  has  been  a  fre 
quent  contributor  to  the  various  medical 
journals  in  the  country,  and  his  articles 
are  noted  for  singular  clearness. 

BRYAN,  EDWARD  KNIGHT,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  in  1844,  in  Jamaica, 
West  Indies.  He  was  principal  of  one  of 
the  Houston  city  schools,  principal  of 
the  Texarkana  city  school;  and  in  1887-88 
was  chaplain  of  Mary  Allan  seminary.  In 
1887  he  was  ordained  a  clergyman  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  and  has  since  filled 
several  important  pastorates  in  Texas  and 
Arkansas. 

BRYAN,  GEORGE,  jurist,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  1731  in  Dublin,  Ireland. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
state  assembly,  and  in  1765  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  stamp-act  congress,  in  which, 
and  in  the  subsequent  struggle,  he  took 
an  active  part.  He  was  vice-president  of 
the  supreme  executive  council  of  Penn 
sylvania  from  the  period  of  the  declara 
tion  of  independence,  and  in  May,  1778, 
was  advanced  to  the  presidency.  In  1779 
he  was  elected  to  the  legislature.  He 
was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  state  su 
preme  court  in  1780,  and  remained  in 
that  office  until  his  death.  He  died  Jan. 
27,  1791,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BRYAN,  GEORGE  S.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  settled  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.,  and  in  1866  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  district  com 
prising  that  state. 

BRYAN,  GUY  M..  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  June  12, 
1821,  in  Missouri.  He  bore  a  part  in  the 
military  campaign  of  Texas  in  1836;  in 
1847  was  elected  to  the  Texas  legislature, 
and  served  in  the  house  and  senate  seven 
years.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Texas  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

BRYAN,  HENRY  H.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Martin  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Tennes 
see  from  1819  to  1823.  He  died  May,  1835, 
in  Montgomery  county,  Tenn. 

BRYAN,  JOHN  A.,  public  official,  was 
born  in  Massachusetts.  After  holding  a 
clerkship  in  the  general  postoffice,  he 
was,  in  1842,  appointed  second  assistant 
postmaster  general,  holding  the  position 
about  one  year.  A  son  of  his  was  subse 
quently  connected  with  the  postal  service 
of  the  empire  of  Japan. 

BRYAN,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1798  in  Newbern  coun 
ty,  N.  C.  He  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  state  legislature;  and  was  a  member 
of  congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1825  to  1827. 

BRYAN,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Georgia  from  1803  to  1806. 

BRYAN,  JOSEPH  H.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  ±815  to  1819. 

BRYAN,     MRS.      MARY      EDWARDS, 

journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1846,  in 
Jefferson  county,  Fla.  She  is  a  journalist 
and  has  written  the  novels  Manch;  Wild 
Work,  a  story  of  the  reconstruction  pe 
riod  in  Louisiana;  The  Bayou  Bride;  and 
KHdee. 

BRYAN,  NATHAN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1791,  in  Jones  county,  N.  C.  In 
1791  he  represented  Jones  county  in  the 
house  of  commons;  and  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1795 
to  1798.  He  died  June  4,  1798,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 


BRYAN,  THOMAS  BARBOUR,  com 
missioner,  lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1828, 
in  Alexandria,  Va.  He  entered  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Chicago.  111.,  and  in  1893 
was  first  vice-president  of  the  World's 
Columbian  exposition. 

BRYAN,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  art 
collector,  was  born  about  1800  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  formed  a  valuable  col 
lection  of  paintings,  which  he  bequeathed 
to  the  New  York  historical  society.  His 
favorite  work  was  a  beautiful  face  and 
figure  by  Greuze.  He  died  at  sea  May  15, 
1870. 

BRYAN,  WILLIAM  JENNINGS,  law 
yer,  congressman,  candidate  for  the  pres 
idency  of  the  United  States,  was  born 
March  iO,  1860,  in  Salem,  111.  His  boy 
hood  was  passed  on  a  farm  near  that 
place,  and  he  attended  the  public  schools 
for  five  years;  he  then  took  a  course  at 
Whipple  academy  and  completed  his  edu 
cation  by  a  four  years'  course  at  Illinois 
college.  As  a  student  in  the  law  office 
of  Lyman  Trumbull,  cnicago,  he  attended 
the  Union  College  of  Law  in  Chicago  till 
June,  1883,  when  he  removed  to  Jackson 
ville,  111.,  and  practiced  law  there  for  four 
years.  In  Oct.,  1887,  he  located  in  Lin 
coln,  Neb.,  and  opened  a  law  office.  He 
was  elected  to  congress  in  1890,  and  his 
first  speech  gave  him  a  national  reputa 
tion;  he  was  re-elected  in  1892,  and  his 
speech  on  the  repeal  of  the  Sherman  act 
is  considered  a  masterpiece  on  bimetal 
lism.  He  was  placed  in  nomination  for 
the  presidency  by  the  democratic,  free 
silver  and  populistic  parties,  in  1896,  and 
led  a  brilliant  campaign.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  First  Battle;  and  A  Story 
of  the  Campaign  of  1896. 

BRYANT,  EDWIN,  pioueer,  author,  was 
born  in  1805  in  Massachusetts.  Before  1846 
he  was  for  some  time  a  journalist  in  Ken 
tucky.  In  the  summer  of  that  year,  chief 
ly  with  a  view  to  traveling,  he  acted  as 
leader  of  a  party  of  emigrants  from  Mis 
souri  to  California.  While  various  par 
ties  had  gone  overland  to  California  since 
1841,  the  large  numbers  and  the  critical 
circumstances  of  this  emigration  gave  it 
much  historical  importance.  He  was  the 
author  of  What  I  Saw  in  California.  He 
died  in  1869  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

BRYANT,  EDWIN  EUSTACE,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  college  dean,  was  born 
Jan.  10,  1835,  in  Milton,  Vt.  In  1857  ue 
moved  to  Wisconsin,  and  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  law.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  union  army  as  a  volunteer;  served 
throughout  the  civil  war,  being  succes 
sively  promoted  an  officer  in  line,  staff 
and  field.  From  1868  to  1872  he  was 
private  and  executive  secretary  to  the 
governor  of  Wisconsin;  from  1876  to 
1882  was  adjutant  general  of  Wisconsin; 
in  1878  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  Wisconsin  legislature;  and  declined 
a  re-nomination.  In  1885  he  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  attorney  general  of  the 
United  States  for  the  postoffice  depart 
ment.  Since  1889  he  has  been  dean  of 
the  college  of  law  of  the  university  of 
Wisconsin. 

BRYANT,  GEORGE  E.,  farmer,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1832, 
in  Templeton,  Mass.  He  received  his  ed 
ucation  in  the  Norwich  university,  Vt. 
For  eight  years  he  was  postmaster  of 
Madison,  Wis. ;  and  six  years  quarter 
master  general  of  Wisconsin.  In  1880  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national 
convention,  and  was  one  of  the  306  who 
voted  for  U.  S.  Grant.  He  has  filled  the 
high  offices  of  judge,  state  senator,  and 
secretary  of  the  board  of  agriculture. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


165 


BRYANT,  GRIDLEY,  engineer,  was 
born  in  1789  in  Scituate,  Mass.  In  1823 
he  invented  the  portable  derrick.  He  ob 
tained  the  contract  for  building  the 
United  States  bank  in  Boston,  and  other 
public  buildings,  and  was  master  builder 
and  contractor  to  supply  stone  for  Bunker 
Hill  monument.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1867,  in 
Scituate,  Mass. 

BRYANT,  JOEL,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  10,  1813,  in  Suffolk  county, 
N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Brooklyn  in  1850, 
and  became  quite  prominent  as  a  practi 
tioner.  He  was  the  author  of  several  trea 
tises  on  homeopathy,  the  best  of  which 
was  The  Pocket  Manual,  or  Repertory  of 
Homeopathic  Practice.  He  died  Nov  20 
1868,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BRYANT,  JOHN  HOWARD,  farmer, 
poet,  was  born  July  22,  1807,  in  Cumming- 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  Poems; 
and  Poems  Written  from  Youth  to  Old 
Age. 

BRYANT,  NATHANIEL  C.,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  March  27,  1823,  in  Noble- 
borough,  Maine.  He  was  appointed  mid 
shipman  in  the  United  States  navy  in 
1837;  and  attained  the  rank  of  com 
mander  in  1862. 

BRYANT,  WILBUR  FRANKLIN,  law 
yer,  author,  politician,  was  born  March 
21,  1851,  in  Dalton,  N.  H.  In  1873  he  grad 
uated  from  Kimball 
Union  academy  of 
Meriden;  and  subse 
quently  attended 
Dartmouth  college. 
He  then  entered  ed 
ucational  work  in 
Mississippi.  In  1876 
he  moved  to  Nebras- 
ka,  and  a  year  later 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  He  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession 
in  Nebraska  at  St. 
Helena,  where  he  was  postmaster  for 
three  years;  and  at  West  Point  and  Hart- 
ington.  In  1882  he  was  elected  district 
attorney  for  sixteen  counties;  for  several 
years  he  was  judge  of  Cuming  county; 
and  is  now  a  member  of  Governor  Hol- 
conib's  staff,  with  rank  of  colonel.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  people's 
party  in  Nebraska,  and  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  every  state  convention  since  its 
foundation.  He  was  a  member  of  the  bi 
metallic  congress  of  1893;  and  is  the  state 
president  of  the  Catholic  Knights  of 
America. 

BRYANT,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  in  1850  in  England.  After  re 
ceiving  his  education  he  entered  the  min 
istry,  and  since  1887  has  been  pastor  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  church  of  Mar- 
shalltown,  Iowa.  He  has  written  numer 
ous  poems,  many  of  which  have  appeared 
in  various  hymn  books  ana  the  secular 
and  religious  press  generally. 

BRYANT,  WILLIAM  CULLEN,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1794,  in  Cummington, 
Mass.  He  was  a  jour 
nalist  of  New  York. 
He  early  began  the 
practice  of  law, 
but  soon  abandoned 
it  for  journalism 
and,  removing  to 
New  York  in  1825, 
became  in  1828  the 
editor  of  the  Even 
ing  Post,  with  which 
he  remained  asso 
ciated  until  his 
death.  His  earliest 
poem,  The  Embargo,  a  political  satire, 
was  published  when  its  author  was  but 
thirteen,  but  the  first  collection  of  his 


poems  was  not  made  until  1821,  the  fa 
mous  Thanatopsis  being  one  of  the  eight 
which  the  volume  comprised.  The 
quantity  of  Bryant's  verse  is  small,  the 
quality  high,  but  not  uniformly  so.  Its 
tone  is  usually  calmly  philosophic,  and 
it  rarely  makes  any  very  effective  appeal 
to  the  sympathies,  its  coldness  arising 
partly  from  lack  of  humor,  partly  from 
natural  reserve.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Embargo;  The  Spanish  Revolution;  The 
Ages;  The  Fountain  of  Youth,  and  Other 
Poems;  The  White-Footed  Deer;  The 
Flood  of  Years;  Thirty  Poems;  transla 
tions  of  the  Iliad  and  Odyssey,  both  in 
unrhymed  heroic  pentameter;  Letters  of 
a  Traveler,  a  prose  work;  and  Orations 
and  Addresses.  He  died  June  12,  1878,  in 
New  York. 

BRYANT,  WILLIAM  McKENDREE, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1843,  in  In 
diana.  He  is  a  prominent  educator  of  St. 
Louis,  and  the  author  of  Philosophy  of 
Landscape  Painting;  The  World  Energy 
and  its  Self-Conservation;  Syllabus  of 
Psychology;  Ethics  and  the  New  Educa 
tion;  and  Text  Books  of  Psychology. 

BRYANT,  WILLIAM  PERKINS,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  3,  1806,  in  Mercer  county, 
Ky.  He  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Ore 
gon  when  it  was  a  territory;  and  in  1849 
was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  that  district.  He  died 
Oct.  10,  3860. 

BRYANT,  WILLIAM  W.,  educator,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  July  11,  1860,  in 
Breathitt  county,  Ky.  For  several  years 
he  was  engaged  in  educational  work,  and 
in  1884  moved  to  Minnesota.  In  1892  he 
was  elected  commissioner  of  Cass  county; 
subsequently  became  treasurer  and  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  education. 

BRYCE,  JAMES  PATERSON,  soldier, 
designer,  librarian,  was  born  Dec.  19, 
1832,  in  Lanark,  Scotland.  He  com 
menced  life  as  a  designer  of  patterns  for 
muslin,  which  he  followed  for  ten  years. 
He  entered  the  union  army  in  1861  and 
was  wounded  the  following  year  near 
Rolla,  Mo.  In  1887  he  became  librarian  of 
the  public  library  of  Springfield,  111.,  and 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  cataloguer. 
BRYCE,  LLOYD  S.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1851, 
in  Flushing,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  pay 
master-general  of  the  state  of  New  York 
in  1886,  and  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth 
congress  as  a  democrat.  During  1889-96 
he  was  editor  of  the  North  American  Re 
view,  and  is  the  author  of  Paradise;  A 
Dream  of  Conquest;  The  Romance  of  an 
Alter  Ego;  and  Friends  in  Exile. 

BRYDE.  ARCHIBALD  M.,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  Moore 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1809  to 
1813;  and  subsequently  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  for  two  years. 

BRYSON,  ANDREW,  naval  officer,  was 
born  July  22,  1822.  in  New  York  city. 
He  entered  the  navy  as  midshipman  in 
1837;  was  promoted  lieutenant  in  1851; 
commander  in  1862;  captain  in  1866;  com 
modore  in  1873;  and  rear  admiral  in  1880, 
with  which  rank  he  was  retired  in  1881. 
Previous  to  his  retirement,  after  forty- 
three  years  of  service,  he  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  South  Atlantic  station. 

BRYSON,  JOHN  PAUL,  educator,  phy 
sician,  was  born  April  16,  1846,  in  Ma- 
con,  Miss.  He  is  consulting  physician  of 
the  St.  Louis  hospital;  surgeon  of  the  St. 
Louis  Murphy  hospital;  and  for  fifteen 
years  professor  of  genito-urinary  surgery 
in  the  St.  Louis  Medical  college. 

BUCHANAN.  ANDREW,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1835  to  1839. 


BUCHANAN,  FRANKLIN,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1800,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  In  1861  he  entered  the  confederate 
army  as  captain  and  for  his  services  was 
tendered  a  vote  of  thanks  by  the  confed 
erate  congress,  and  appointed  admiral 
and  senior  officer  of  the  confederate  navy. 
He  died  May  11,  1874,  in  Maryland. 

BUCHANAN,  HUGH,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  15,  1823,  in  Scotland.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  senate  of  Georgia  in  1855, 
and  re-elected  in  1857.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  democratic  national  convention  of 
1856;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1860; 
delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention  of  1868;  was  a  judge  of  the  supe 
rior  court  from  1872  until  1880.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1877;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Georgia  to  the  forty-sev 
enth  and  forty-eighth  congresses. 

BUCHANAN,    JAMES,    fifteenth  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  April 
22,    1791,    in   Franklin    county,   Pa.     He 
graduated    at    Dick 
inson       college       in 
1809,     and     was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1812.     He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legis 
lature     in    1814.     In 
1820   he  was  elected 
representative        t  o 
congress,     and    held 
the  office  by  re-elec 
tions   for  ten  years. 
In   1831  he   was   ap 
pointed     envoy     ex 
traordinary  and  minister  plenipotentiary 
to  Russia,  and  elected  United  States  sena 
tor  in   1834.     He  was  re-elected  in   1840, 
and  continued  a  member  of  that  body  un 
til  1845,  when  he  was  appointed  secretary 
of  state,  which  office  he  held  four  years. 
Mr.  Buchanan  was  appointed  minister  to 
England  in  1853,  and  returned  in  April, 
1856.     June   2,   1856,   the   national   demo 
cratic  convention    met    at  Cincinnati  to 
nominate  a  candidate  for  the  presidency. 
On  the  first  ballot  James   Buchanan   re 
ceived   135  votes;    Franklin  Pierce,    122; 
Stephen  Arnold  Douglas,  33;  Lewis  Cass, 
5.     On  the  ninth  ballot  the  vote   stood: 
Buchanan,  141;    Pierce,  87;   Douglas,    56; 
Cass,  7.    On  the  sixteenth  ballot  Buchan 
an  had  168;  Douglas,  121.     On  the  seven 
teenth  Buchanan  was  unanimously  nomi 
nated.     John     Cabell    Breckenridge    was 
nominated  for    vice-president,    and  they 
were  elected  the  following  autumn.    They 
were  inaugurated  March  4,  1857.     At  the 
close  of  his  presidential  term  he  retired 
to  his  home  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  and  died 
June  1,  1868.    Buchanan  held  office  nearly 
thirty-eight  years.     He  died  worth  about 
$200,000. 

BUCHANAN,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  June  17,  1839,  in 
Ringoes,  N.  J.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  education  of  Trenton,  N.  J.,  in 
1868-69;  was  presiding  judge  of  Mercer 
county  during  1874-79;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  common  council  of  Trenton  in 
1883-85.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-ninth, 
fiftieth,  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

BUCHANAN,  JOHN  ALEXANDER, 
soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  7,  1843,  in  Smyth  county,  Va.  He 
served  as  a  private  in  the  Stonewall  brig 
ade,  confederate  army;  was  taken  prison 
er  at  Gettysburg,  July  3,  1863,  and  re 
mained  in  prison  until  February.  1865. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  dele 
gates  of  Virginia  from  1885  until  1887; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty- 
second  congresses  as  a  democrat. 


166 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BUCHANAN,  JOHN  P.,  farmer,  gover 
nor,  was  born  in  1847,  in  Tennessee.  He 
has  always  been  a  farmer,  but  has  taken 
an  active  interest  in  politics  since  he  at 
tained  his  majority,  and  since  1875  has 
been  a  delegate  to  all  the  democratic 
state  conventions.  He  was  governor  of 
Tennessee  from  1891  to  1893. 

BUCHANAN,  JOSEPH,  inventor,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1785,  in  Washing 
ton  county,  Va.  He  was  a  once  noted 
mechanical  inventor  of  Kentucky  who 
published  The  Philosophy  of  Human  Na 
ture.  He  died  Sept.  29,  1829,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky. 

BUCHANAN,  JOSEPH  RHODES,  phy 
sician,  journalist,  inventor,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  11,  1814,  in  Frankfort,  Ky.  He 
is  noted  as  a  physician  and  claims  to 
have  invented  the  sciences  of  sarcognomy 
and  psychometry.  He  published  Bu 
chanan's  Journal  of  Medicine,  1849-56.  He 
is  the  author  of  Outlines  of  Lectures  on 
the  Neurological  System  of  Anthropolo 
gy;  Eclectic  Practice  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery;  The  New  Education;  Therapeu 
tic  Sareognomy;  and  Manual  of  Psychom 
etry. 

BUCHANAN.  McKEAN,  actor,  was 
born  Feb.  28,  1823,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  educated  for  the  navy,  and  served 
three  years  as  midshipman  on  the  sloop- 
of-war  St.  Louis.  His  first  appearance  as 
an  actor  was  made  at  the  St.  Charles 
theatre,  New  Orleans,  in  the  character  of 
Hamlet,  in  which  role  he  made  his  ap 
pearance  in  New  York  in  1850.  He  visit 
ed  England  twice,  and  also  made  tours 
in  Australia  and  California.  He  died 
April  16,  1872,  in  Denver,  Colo. 

BUCHANAN,  ROBERT  CHRISTIE, 
soldier,  was  born  about  1810,  in  Mary 
land.  He  served  as  lieutenant  in  the 
Black  Hawk  and  Seminole  wars.  He  was 
made  captain  in  1838,  and  in  the  war 
with  Mexico  took  part  in  numerous  bat 
tles.  In  1865  he  was  made  brevet  briga 
dier-general  of  the  United  States  army  for 
gallant  conduct  at  Malvern  Hill,  and  bre 
vet  major-general  for  services  at  Freder- 
icksburg.  He  commanded  the  district  of 
Louisiana  from  January,  1868,  till  Jan 
uary,  1869,  and  on  Dec.  31,  1870.  was  re 
tired,  on  his  own  application,  after  thirty 
years  of  consecutive  service.  He  died 
Nov.  29,  1878,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BUCHANAN,  SARAH,  pioneer.  Dur 
ing  the  war  with  the  Creeks  and  Cumber- 
lands  in  1792  the  fort  was  attacked  by  the 
Indians.  When  the  bullets  gave  out  Mrs. 
Buchanan  was  at  hand  with  an  apronful 
molded  from  pewter  plates  and  spoons 
during  the  progress  of  the  fight.  She 
died  Nov.  23,  1831,  at  Buchanan's  Station, 
Tenn. 

BUCHANAN,  WILLIAM  I.,  author, 
diplomat.  He  has  filled  many  positions 
of  honor  and  was  envoy  extraordinary 
and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  Buenos 
Ayres.  He  is  the  author  of  an  improved 
system  of  bookkeeping  which  has  be 
come  very  popular  throughout  the  United 
States. 

BUCHER,  FARY  BUCHANAN,  educa 
tor,  lawyer,  was  born  June  2,  1856,  in 
Fremont,  N.  Y.  After  teaching  for  a 
while  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
has  since  practiced  his  profession  in  At 
lanta,  Ga.  He  takes  an  active  part  in 
public  affairs;  is  a  member  of  the  town 
assembly,  and  a  staunch  democrat. 

BUCHER,  JOHN  C.,  jurist,  congress 
man.  He  was  for  many  years  a  judge  of 
the  circuit  court  of  Pennsylvania;  and  a 
representative  in  congress  from  tfiat  state 
from  1831  to  1833.  He  died  Oct.  26,  1851, 
in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 


BUCHTEL,  JOHN  R.,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1820,  in  Summit  coun 
ty,  Ohio.  In  1883  he  helped  to  organize 
the  Akron  Iron  company;  was  for  many 
years  president  of  the  C.  Aultman  and 
Co.;  and  through  his  interest  and  means 
the  Buchtel  college  was  founded. 

BUCK,  ALFRED  E.,  soldier,  educator, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1832,  in 
Foxcroft,  Maine.  He  entered  the  army  in 
1861  as  captain  in 
thirteenth  Maine  in 
fantry;  was  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  nine 
ty-first  colored 
troops  in  1863,  and 
of  the  fifty-first  col 
ored  troops  in  1864. 
He  was  brevetted 
colonel  of  volun 
teers  for  gallant 
conduct  at  the  siege 
of  Fort  Blakely  in 
1865.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention 
of  Alabama  in  1867.  He  was  presidential 
elector  in  1868;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-first  congress. 

BUCK,  CHARLES  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  orator,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1841, 
in  Germany.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  public  schools  and  the  Louisiana 
state  university  of  Alexandria.  For  two 
terms  he  served  as  city  attorney  of  New 
Orleans;  has  been  a  member  of  the 
school  board;  and  held  various  other 
public  positions  of  honor  in  that  city.  He 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  fifty-fourth  congress  from  the  sec 
ond  Louisiana  district.  He  is  an  able 
lawyer  and  a  brilliant  orator.  His  ora 
tion  on  the  Life  and  Death  of  James  A. 
Garfield  received  publication  in  all  the 
leading  newspapers  of  America,  and  was 
highly  eulogized. 

BUCK,  CHARLES  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
diplomatist,  was  born  March  17,  1849,  in 
Vicksburg,  Miss.  In  3879  he  was  elected 
county  judge  of  Woodford  county,  Ky., 
and  served  four  years.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  envoy  extraordinary  and  min 
ister  plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States 
to  Peru. 

BUCK,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  congressman. 
He  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  Ver 
mont,  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1795  to  1797. 
He  died  in  1817. 

BUCK,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
jurist,  was  born  May  15,  1857,  in  Boon- 
ville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Minnesota  house  of  representatives  in 
1866,  and  of  the  senate  in  1879  and  1881; 
for  five  years  member  of  state  normal 
board,  and  four  years  prosecuting  attor 
ney  of  Blue  Earth  county.  He  was  elect 
ed  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court, 
term  commencing  in  January,  1894. 

BUCK,  DANIEL  AZRO  A.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1789,  in 
Vermont.  He  established  himself  as  a 
lawyer  at  Chelsea,  Vt.,  and  was  for  four 
teen  years  a  member  of  the  state  legisla 
ture.  He  filled  the  office  of  state  attor 
ney  for  Orange  county  for  six  years;  in 
1821  was  a  presidential  elector;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ver 
mont  from  1823  to  1825,  and  again  from 
1827  to  1829.  He  died  Dec.  24.  1841,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

BUCK,  DUDLEY,  organist,  author,  was 
born  March  10,  1839,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
He  is  a  composer  and  organist  of  Brook 
lyn.  He  is  the  author  of  Dictionary  of 
Musical  Terms;  and  The  Influence  of  the 
Organ  in  History. 


BUCK,  GURDON,  physician,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  May  4,  1807,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  an  eminent  surgeon 
of  New  York  city,  and  wrote  much  for 
medical  journals  and  a  treatise  on  Con 
tributions  to  Reparative  Surgery.  He 
died  March  6,  1877,  in  New  York  city. 

BUCK,  JIRAH  D.,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  20,  1838,  in  Fredonia,  N. 
Y.  He  has  beeu  the  president  of  the 
state  medical  society  of  Ohio;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Homeopathy  in  1891;  and  vice-president 
of  Theosophical  Society  of  America.  He 
is  the  author  of  History  of  Man  and  the 
Way  to  Health. 

BUCK,  JOHN  R.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  6,  1836,  in  Glastonbury, 
Conn.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  county  of 
Hartford  from  1863  to  1881;  was  clerk  of 
the  state  house  of  representatives  in 
1865;  clerk  of  the  state  senate  in  1866; 
president  of  the  common  council  of  Hart 
ford  in  1868;  city  attorney  in  1871  and 
1873;  state  senator  in  1880  and  1881;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  forty-seventh  and  forty- 
ninth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

BUCK,  NORMAN,  soldier,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  April  13,  1833,  in  Lancas 
ter,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  union  army 
from  1862  to  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
captain.  He  was  judge  of  probate  for 
Winona  county,  Minn.,  from  1865  to  1871. 
In  1873  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attor 
ney  for  the  same  county;  in  1878  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  attorney  for  the 
territory  of  Idaho;  and  in  1879  was  ap 
pointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  that  territory,  and  was 
reappointed  in  1884.  Since  1892  he  has 
been  superior  judge  of  Spokane  county, 
Wash.;  and  in  1895  was  elected  com 
mander  of  the  Washington  and  Alaska 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

BUCKALEW,  CHARLES  R.,  lawyer, 
diplomat,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  28,  1821,  in  Columbia  county,  Pa.  He 
was  prosecuting  attorney  for  Columbia 
county  from  1845  till  1847,  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  senate  in  1850,  and  re- 
elected  in  1853.  He  was  commissioner  to 
exchange  ratifications  of  a  treaty  with 
Paraguay  in  1854,  serving  as  such  be 
tween  sessions  of  the  legislature.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1856;  and 
was  again  elected  to  the  state  senate  in 
1857.  He  was  appointed  minister  resi 
dent  of  the  United  States  at  the  republic 
of  Ecuador,  which  office  he  filled  for  three 
years.  He  was  elected  by  the  legislature 
in  1863  to  the  United  States  senate;  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1869,  for  the 
fourth  time;  and  was  the  democratic  can 
didate  for  governor  in  1872.  In  1886  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Bloomsburg 
and  Sullivan  railroad;  and  in  1872  pub 
lished  a  volume  upon  Proportional  Rep 
resentation,  and  in  1883  a  work  upon  the 
Constitution  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

BUCKELEY,  MORGAN  GARDNER, 
governor,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1837,  in  East 
Haddam,  Conn.  During  1880-88  he  was 
mayor  of  Hartford,  Conn.;  and  in  1889- 
93  was  governor  of  the  state  of  Connec 
ticut.  Since  1879  he  has  been  president 
of  the  JEtna  Life  Insurance  company  of 
Hartford,  Conn. 

BUCKHAM,  MATTHEW  H.,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  in  1832.  in 
England.  In  1871  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  university  of  Vermont.  His 
published  works  have  principally  ap 
peared  in  the  form  of  addresses,  sermons 
and  articles  in  the  reviews  and  educa 
tional  journals. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPJIY. 


187 


BUCKHOUT,  ISAAC  CRAIG,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  in  1831,  in  Morrisania, 
N.  Y.  He  designed  the  Grand  Central 
station,  as  well  as  the  improvement  on 
Fourth  avenue.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1874, 
in  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

BUCKINGHAM,  CATHARINUS  PUT 
NAM,  soldier,  merchant,  manufacturer, 
was  born  March  14,  1808,  in  Springfield, 
Ohio.  He  became  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  July  16,  1862,  and  served  on 
special  duty  in  the  war  department  at 
Washington  fill  1863,  when  he  resigned 
and  became  a  merchant  in  New  York  city. 
From  1868  till  1873  he  was  occupied  in 
building  the  Illinois  Central  grain  eleva 
tors  at  Chicago,  and  rebuilding  them  af 
ter  their  destruction  by  the  great  fire.  In 
1873  he  became  president  of  the  Chicago 
steel  works. 

BUCKINGHAM,  CHARLES  LUMAN, 
lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1852,  In  Berlin 
Heights,  Ohio.  He  is  a  leading  counsel 
or  in  the  most  recent  patent  contest  of  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  and  the  Dela 
ware  and  Atlantic  Telegraph  and  Tele 
phone  companies.  He  has  contributed  a 
series  of  electrical  articles  to  various 
magazines. 

BUCKINGHAM,  JOSEPH  TINKER, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1779, 
in  Winclham,  Conn.  He  is  a  journalist  of 
note  who  published  in  1831-34  The  New 
England  Magazine,  in  which  Dr.  Holmes 
began  his  famous  Autocrat,  and  the  Bos 
ton  Courier  in  1828-48.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Specimens  of  Newspaper  Litera 
ture;  and  Personal  Memoirs  and  Recol 
lections  of  Editorial  Life.  He  died  April 
11,  1861,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

BUCKINGHAM,  WILLIAM  A.,  mer 
chant,  United  States  senator,  governor, 
was  born  May  28,  1804,  in  Lebanon,  Conn. 
He  was  elected  mayor  of  Norwich  in  1849, 
1850,  1856,  and  1857;  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1856,  and  in  1858  was  elected 
governor  of  Connecticut;  re-elected  for 
seven  years,  in  which  capacity  he  ren 
dered  important  services  in  raising  and 
forwarding  troops  during  the  progress  of 
the  rebellion.  He  was  elected  a  senator 
in  congress  from  Connecticut  for  six 
years,  for  the  term  commencing  in  1869 
and  ending  in  1875.  He  died  Feb.  3,  1875, 
in  Norwich,  Conn. 

BUCKLAND,  CYRUS,  inventor,  was 
born  Aug.  10,  1799,  in  Manchester,  Conn. 
He  produced  his  machine  for  making 
gunstocks  about  1842;  and  is  also  the  in 
ventor  of  the  machines  for  rifling  musket 
barrels,  for  cutting  the  thread  of  the 
screw  on  the  inside  of  the  barrel,  and  for 
milling  the  breech-screw. 

BUCKLAND,  RALPH  POMEROY,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  20,  1812,  in  Leyden,  Mass.  He 
was  elected  to  the  senate  of  Ohio  in  1855 
and  1857,  serving  four  years.  In  1861  he 
was  appointed  colonel  of  the  seventy-sec 
ond  Ohio  infantry,  and  fought  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Shiloh  as  the  commander  of  a  brig 
ade;  and  was  made  a  brigadier-general  in 
the  winter  of  1862-63,  and  in  that  capacity 
fought  at  Vicksburg.  During  his  absence 
on  the  field  in  1864  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  fortieth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

BUCKLES,  ABRAHAM  JAY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1846,  in 
Muncie,  Ind.  During  1861-65  he  served 
as  a  union  soldier  in  the  civil  war;  was 
color  bearer  in  the  nineteenth  regiment 
Indiana  volunteer  infantry;  was  promot 
ed  to  second  lieutenant  of  the  twentieth 
regiment  Indiana  volunteer  infantry;  and 
received  a  medal  of  honor  from  congress 


for  meritorious  conduct  in  the  Wilderness 
battle  of  May  5,  1864.  He  was  wounded 
in  the  right  thigh  at  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run;  in  the  right  shoulder  at  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg;  in  the  right  side  at  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness;  and  by  reason 
of  gunshot  wound  in  battle  before  Pe 
tersburg,  his  right  leg  was  amputated 
above  the  knee  on  March  25,  1865.  He 
has  attained  prominence  as  an  able  law 
yer  of  Fairfield,  Cal.;  was  district  attor 
ney  for  five  years;  and  superior  judge  of 
Solono  county  for  twelve  years.  He  is 
now  department  commander  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  grand 
chancellor,  Knights  of  Pythias. 

BUCKLES,  JOSEPH  S.,  state  senator, 
was  born  July  29,  1819,  in  Springfield, 
Ohio.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  of 
the  Lafayette,  Muncie  and  Bloomington 
railroad,  its  attorney,  and  a  member  of 
its  board  of  managers.  He  was  also  in 
strumental  in  the  construction  of  the 
Fort  Wayne  and  Southern  railway.  He 
was  chosen  state  senator  from  the  district 
composed  of  the  counties  of  Grant  and 
Delaware.  In  1858  he  was  elected  judge 
of  the  seventh  judicial  circuit,  and  served 
twelve  years. 

BUCKLEY,  CHARLES  W.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1835,  in  Ot- 
sego,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  a  chaplain  in 
the  union  army  during  a  part  of  the  re 
bellion;  and  was  subsequently  an  assist 
ant  superintendent  of  the  Freedmen's 
bureau.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  state 
constitutional  convention  of  1867;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ala 
bama  to  the  fortieth,  forty-first  and  forty- 
second  congresses  as  a  republican. 

BUCKLEY,  EDWARD,  soldier,  lumber 
man,  railroad  president,  was  born  Aug. 

8,  1842,  in    England.     Enlisting    in    the 
twenty-fourth     Wisconsin     infantry,     he 
served  gallantly  until  the  end  of  the  war. 
About    1875    he    became    identified    with 
lumbering   interests,   and   in   1892   incor 
porated  the  Buckley  and  Douglas  Lumber 
Co.,  with  the  senior  partner  as  president 
and  treasurer.     Since  1886    he    has    been 
president  of  the  Manistee  and  Northeast 
ern  railway. 

BUCKLEY,  JAMES  MONROE,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  16, 
1836,  in  Rahway,  N.  J.  He  is  a  methodist 
clergyman,  and  since  1881  editor  of  the 
New  York  Christian  Advocate.  He  is  the 
author  of  Two  Weeks  in  the  Yosemite 
Valley;  Supposed  Miracles;  Christians 
and  the  Theatre;  Oats  or  Wild  Oats;  The 
Land  of  the  Czar  and  the  Nihilist;  Faith- 
Healing,  Christian  Science,  and  Kindred 
Phenomena;  and  Travels  in  Three  Con 
tinents,  Euro'pe,  Africa  and  Asia. 

BUCKLEY,  MORGAN  G.,  soldier,  bank 
er,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1838,  in 
East  Haddam,  Conn.  He  enlisted  in  the 
civil  war;  and  served  as  a  private  in  the 
thirteenth  New  York  regiment.  He  was 
the  prime  factor  in  the  formation  of  the 
United  States  Bank  of  Hartford,  of  which 
he  was  the  first  president;  and  in  1887 
was  elected  governor  of  Connecticut. 

BUCKLEY,  SAMUEL  BOTSFORD,  nat 
uralist,  journalist,  author,  was  born  May 

9,  1809,  in  Torrey,  N.  Y.     He  was  grad 
uated    at    Wesleyan    university,    Middle- 
town,   Conn.     He  was  state  geologist  of 
Texas  from  1866  till  1867,  and  again  from 
1874  till  1877,  and  prepared  two  geologi 
cal  maps  of  the  state.     He  also  published 
several   valuable   reports  as   state   geolo 
gist.     A  list  of  his  scientific  papers  may 
be  found  in  Alumni  Record  of  Wesleyan 
University.     He    died    Feb.    18.    1884,  in 
Austin,   Texas. 


BUCKLEY,  THOMAS,  merchant,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1771,  in 
Bristol,  Pa.  He  was  president  of  the 
Bank  of  America,  and  secretary  of  the 
first  free  school  society  in  New  York  city. 
He  died  April  28,  1846. 

BUCKLIN,  JAMES  W.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1856,  in  Big 
Rock,  111.  He  was  the  first  to  take  an 
active  part  in  secur 
ing  the  Australian 
ballot  and  woman's 
suffrage  in  Colorado. 
For  many  years  he 
has  advocated  the 
municipal  owner 
ship  of  water  works; 
and  he  was  largely 
instrumental  in  the 
erection  of  a  quarter 
million  dollar  plant 
at  Grand  Junction, 
Colo.,  to  bring  water 
from  the  mountains  to  that  city;  which 
plant  will  be  owned  and  operated  by  the 
city  government.  He  has  been  county  and 
city  attorney  of  Grand  Junction;  and 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Colorado  state  legislature. 

BUCKLIN,  WILLIAM  SAVERY,  artist, 
was  born  in  1851  in  Red  Bank,  N.  J.  He 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  water  color 
painter. 

BUCKLYN,  JOHN  KNIGHT,  soldier, 
educator,  lecturer,  poet,  was  born  in 
March,  1834,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Greenwich 
and  Smithfield  academies,  and  the  Brown 
university.  He  served  for  nearly  four 
years  in  the  civil  war,  and  was  captain 
of  the  Rhode  Island  light  battery.  For 
twenty-eight  years  he  has  been  principal 
of  the  M.  V.  institute  of  Mystic,  Conn.; 
and  was  pastor  of  the  North  Stonington 
baptist  church.  He  has  lectured  exten 
sively,  and  contributed  both  prose  and 
verse  to  periodical  literature. 

BUCKMINSTER,  JOSEPH,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  14,  175.1,  in  Rut 
land,  Vt.  He  was  ordained  in  1779,  as 
pastor  of  the  North  church  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  He  published  about  twen 
ty-five  sermons  and  a  short  sketch  of  Dr. 
McClintock,  and  was  part  author  of  the 
Piscataqua  River  Prayer  Book.  He  died 
June  10,  1812,  in  Readsboro,  Vt. 

BUCKMINSTER,  JOSEPH  STEVENS, 
clergyman,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
May  26,  1784,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  talented  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Boston,  and  the  first  appointed  lecturer 
on  biblical  criticism  at  Harvard  univer 
sity.  He  is  the  author  of  Sermons,  with 
Memoir  by  S.  C.  Thacher.  He  died  June 
9,  1812,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

BUCKMINSTER,  WILLIAM,  soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  15,  1736,  in  Framingham, 
Mass.  He  commanded  the  minute  men 
in  1774;  was  lieutenant  colonel  of  Brew 
er's  regiment  at  Bunker  Hill;  and  re 
ceived  there  a  wound  that  crippled  him 
for  life.  He  died  June  22,  1786. 

BUCKMINSTER,  WILLIAM  J.,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  1813,  in  Maine.  He 
was  a  son  of  the  founder  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Ploughman,  and  was  for  twenty- 
one  years  one  of  its  editors  and  publish 
ers.  He  died  March  2,  1878,  in  Maiden, 
Mass. 

BUCKNER,  ALEXANDER,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  Indiana.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Missouri  convention 
which  formed  the  constitution  of  that 
state;  served  several  years  in  the  state 
legislature;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Missouri  from  1831  to  1833. 
He  died  June  15,  1833,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


168 


HEKRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BUCKNER,  AYLETT  HAWES,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  14, 
1817,  in  Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  was 
chosen  attorney  for  the  bank  of  tne  state 
of  Missouri  in  1852;  in  1854  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  of  public  works; 
and  in  1857  was  elected  judge  of  the  third 
judicial  circuit.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty-fiftn.  for 
ty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  and  forty-eighth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

BUCKNER,  AYLITT,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Greensburg,  Ky.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
of  the  state  in  1842  and  1843;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1847  to  1849. 

BUCKNER,  RICHARD  A.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1763,  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1823  to  1829;  and  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1841.  He  died  Dec.  8, 
1847,  in  Greensburg,  Ky. 

BUCKNER,  RICHARD  AYLETT,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1849,  in 
Owenton,  Ky.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he 
was  elected  captain  of  the  governor's 
guards,  a  gallant  young  company  of  Ken- 
tuckians  of  some  historical  renown,  and 
took  part  in  the  defense  of  Frankfort  in 
the  latter  part  of  1863.  In  1876  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar;  and  since  1884  has 
practiced  his  profession  at  Dermott,  Ark., 
after  having  lived  several  years  in  the 
states  of  Missouri  and  Kentucky.  In 
1880  and  1884  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
national  republican  conventions;  and  in 
1895  was  nominated  state  senator  from 
the  fifteenth  senatorial  district  of  Arkan 
sas. 

BUCKNER,  SIMON  BOLIVAR,  lawyer, 
general,  governor,  was  born  in  1823,  in 
Kentucky.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
United  States  military  academy  in  1844. 
He  was  superintendent  of  construction  of 
the  Chicago  custom  house  in  1855.  In 
1861,  he  issued  from  Russellville  an  ad 
dress  to  the  people  of  Kentucky,  calling 
on  them  to  take  up  arms  against  the 
usurpation  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  after 
which  he  occupied  Bowling  Green.  He 
was  made  a  major-general,  and  was  in 
the  battles  of  Murfreesboro  and  Chicka- 
mauga,  and  surrendered  with  Kirby 
Smith's  army.  He  was  elected  governor 
of  Kentucky  in  1887. 

BUCKSTAFF,  GEORGE  A.,  lawyer, 
manufacturer,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1861,  in  Oshkosh,  Wis.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Wisconsin  assembly  in 
1894,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  assembly 
in  1896.  He  was  elected  speaker  of  the 
assembly,  session  of  1897. 

BUCKWALTER,  MARY  E.,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1845,  in  Lancaster 
county,  Pa.  She  has  been  engaged  in 
educational  work  since  her  youth,  and 
has  attained  eminent  success.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  very  fine  poems, 
many  of  which  have  been  incorporated 
into  standard  works. 

BUDD,  HENRY,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  12,  1849,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  the  author  of  Leading  Cases  on 
the  American  Law  of  Real  Property,  and 
of  various  law  reports  and  articles  in 
current  law  publications. 

BUDD,  JAMES  HERBERT,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  18,  1851,  in 
Janesville,  Wis.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  governor's  staff  from  1875  to  1879; 
served  as  United  States  commissioner  for 
several  years,  and  was  also  deputy  dis 
trict  attorney  of  his  county.  In  1882  he 
was  nominated  for  congressman  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  California 
to  the  forty-eighth  congres.8  as  a  demo 
crat. 


BUEHRLE,  ROBERT  KOCH,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1840,  in  Ger 
many.  He  displayed  great  ability  in  the 
organization  and  management  of  a 
graded  system  of  education;  was  super 
intendent  of  the  schools  of  Allentown, 
Pa.;  and  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled 
Grammatical  Praxis. 

BUEL,  ALEXANDER  H.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Fairfield,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1850  to  1853.  He  died 
Jan.  30,  1853,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BUEL,  ALEXANDER  W.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1813,  in  Rut 
land  county,  Vt.  In  1836  he  was  attorney 
for  the  city  of  De 
troit;  in  1837  was 
elected  to  the  state 
legislature;  in  1843 
and  1844  was  pros 
ecuting  attorney  for 
Wayne  county;  and 
in  1847  was  again 
elected  to  the  legis 
lature.  From  1849 
to  1851  he  was  a 
representative  i  n 
congress  from  Mich 
igan.  He  died  April 
17,  1868,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

BUEL,  CLARENCE  CLOUGH,  journal 
ist,  author.  He  was  assistant  editor  of 
the  Century  magazine;  associate  editor 
of  the  Century's  War  History,  and  a 
writer  of  thoughtful,  polished  prose  and 
verse. 

BUEL,  DON  CARLOS,  soldier,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  March  23,  1818,  near 
Marietta,  Ohio.  He  was  an  officer  of 

note  in  the  Florida, 

Mexican  and  civil 
wars.  He  graduated 
from  West  Point 
military  academy  in 
1841.  In  1861  he  re 
ceived  the  appoint 
ment  of  brigadier- 
general  of  volun,- 
teers,  and  in  1862 
became  major-gen 
eral  of  volunteers. 
In  1865  he  became 
president  of  the 
Green  River  Iron  works;  and  subse 
quently  held,  until  1890,  the  office  of 
pension  agent  at  Louisville,  Ky. 

BUEL,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  22,  1849,  in  Golconda,  111.  He 
was  employed  as  a  reporter  a,nd  editorial 
writer  on  various  Kansas  City  and  St. 
Louis  newspapers.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  World's  Wonders;  Sea  and  Land; 
The  Beautiful  Story,  and  various  other 
books. 

BUEL,  JESSE,  agriculturist,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1778,  in  Coven 
try,  Conn.  He  was  a  noted  agriculturist 
of  Albany,  who  effected  many  reforms  in 
farming.  He  established  the  Albany  Ar 
gus,  The  Cultivator,  and  published  The 
Farmer's  Instructor,  in  ten  volumes;  and 
also  The  Farmer's  Companion,  or  Essays 
in  Husbandry.  He  died  Oct.  6,  1839,  in 
Danbury,  Conn. 

BUEL,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1815,  in  New  York.  He  was 
an  episcopal  clergyman  of  high  church 
proclivities,  and  professor  of  divinity 
at  the  General  Theological  seminary  of 
New  York  from  1871.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  Apostolic  System  Defended; 
Eucharistic  Presence,  Sacrifice  and  Ador 
ation;  and  A  Treatise  on  Dogmatic  The 
ology.  He  died  in  1892. 


BUELL,  ABEL,  manufacturer,  mechan 
ic,  inventor,  was  born  about  1750,  in  Kill- 
ingworth,  Conn.  After  the  war  he  was 
employed  by  the  state  in  coining  coppers; 
for  which  he  made  all  the  apparatus.  He 
then  visited  England,  where  he  gained 
some  knowledge  of  the  machinery  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  cloth,  and,  on  his 
return,  erected  a  cotton  factory  in  New 
Haven,  one  of  the  first  in  the  country. 
He  died  about  1825,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

BUELL,  RICHARD  HOOKER,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1842,  in 
Cumberland,  Md.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Cadet  Engineer;  Safety  Valves;  and 
The  Compound  Steam  Engine  and  its 
Steam  Generating  Plant. 

BUFFINGTON,  ADELBERT  R.,  sol 
dier,  inventor,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1837,  in 
Wheeling,  Va.  He  has  perfected  the  fol 
lowing  inventions:  A  magazine  fire 
arm;  carriages  for  light  and  heavy  guns; 
parts  of  models  of  1884  Springfield  rifles, 
and  several  mechanical  devices.  He  also 
introduced  the  gas-forging  furnaces  and 
improved  methods,  simplifying  and  re 
ducing  the  cost  of  manufacture,  at  the 
national  armory,  of  Springfield  rifles,  and 
was  the  originator  of  the  nitre  and  man 
ganese  method  of  bluing  iron. 

BUFFINGTON,  JOSEPH,  jurist,  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  in  Utah,  in  1850,  and  was  the 
first  who  held  that  position. 

BUFFINGTON,  JOSEPH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1843  to  1847. 

BUFFINTON,  JAMES,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  16,  1817.  in 
Fall  River,  Mass.  He  was  mayor  of  the 
city  of  Fall  River  during  the  years  1854 
and  1855.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Massachusetts  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses;  was 
also  re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth,  thirty- 
seventh,  forty-first,  forty-second,  forty- 
third,  and  forty-fourth  congresses,  as  a 
republican.  He  died  July  7,  1875,  at  Fall 
River,  Mass. 

BUFFUM,  ARNOLD,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  1782,  in  Smithfield,  R.  I.  He 
was  a  noted  lecturer  on  the  anti-slavery 
cause,  and  his  lectures  were  a  good  be 
ginning,  and  he  exerted  a  wholesome  in 
fluence.  He  died  March  13,  1859. 

BUFFUM,  BURT  C.,  agriculturist,  sci 
entist,  was  born  April  7,  1868.  in  South 
Bend,  Ind.  He  attended  the  Colorado 
Agricultural  college:  and  is  now  profes 
sor  of  agriculture  and  horticulture  in  the 
University  of  Wyoming;  and  vice-di 
rector  of  the  experiment  station.  He  has 
made  some  important  discoveries  in  sci 
ence;  and  is  quoted  as  an  authority  on 
irrigation. 

BUFFUM,  EDWARD  GOULD,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  about  1820  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  served  on  the  Pacific  side  of 
Mexico,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  re 
turned  to  California  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  explorations  for  gold.  He 
published  Six  Months  in  the  Gold  Mines. 
He  died  Oct.  24,  1867,  in  Paris,  France. 

BUFFUM,  JOSEPH,  JR.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1784,  in 
Fitchburg,  Mass.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1819  to  1821. 

BUFORD,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1825  in  Kentucky.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war;  was  subsequently  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  army  of  the  Cumberland, 
when  he  was  taken  sick  and  died,  on  the 
date  of  the  receipt  of  his  commission  as 
major-general.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1863,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


169 


BUFORD,  NAPOLEON  B.,  soldier,  was 
born  Jan.  13,  1807,  in  Kentucky.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war,  received  the  bre 
vet  title  of  major-general  of  volunteers 
March  13,  and  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service  on  Aug.  24,  1865.  He  died  March 
28,  1883. 

BUGBEE,  LUCIUS  HALEN,  educator 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1830, 
in  Gowanda,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  from 
Amherst  in  1854,  became  a  teacher,  and 
was  ordained  a  minister  in  the  meth'odist 
episcopal  church.  He  was  principal  of 
Fayette  seminary,  Iowa,  in  1857-60;  pas 
tor  of  a  church  in  Chicago,  111.,  in  1861-63; 
president  of  the  Northwestern  Female 
college  at  Evanston,  111.,  in  1865-68;  of 
Cincinnati  Wesleyan  college  in  1868-75; 
and  afterward  of  Alleghany  college 
Meadville,  Pa. 

BUGG,  ROBERT  M.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Tennessee  from 
1853  to  1855. 

BUHL,  THEODORE  D.,  capitalist 
banker,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1844,  in  De 
troit,  Mich.  He  is  president  of  the 
Michigan  Malleable  Iron  Co.;  and  the 
Buhl  Stamping  Co.  Mr.  Buhl  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Peninsular  Car  Co., 
and  its  president  the  first  four  years. 

BUIST,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1770,  in  Scotland.  He  was 
educated  at  Edinburgh  university,  at 
tained  great  proficiency  in  philology,  was 
called  to  a  church  in  Charleston  in  1793, 
and  in  1805  became  principal  of  the  col 
lege  in  that  city.  He  published  an  abridg 
ment  of  Hume's  History  for  schools,  and 
a  version  of  the  Psalms;  and  contributed 
to  the  British  Encyclopedia.  A  volume 
of  his  sermons,  with  a  memoir,  was  pub 
lished  in  1809. 

BUIST,  HENRY,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1829,  in  Char 
leston,  S.  C.  He  served  several  times  in 
the  house  of  representatives  of  South 
Carolina;  was  state  senator;  and  dur 
ing  the  civil  war  entered  the  confederate 
army  as  captain  of  infantry.  He  died 
June  9,  1887,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

BUIST,  JOHN  ROBINSON,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1834,  in  Char 
leston.  S.  C.  In  I860  he  settled  in  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.;  and  for  four  years  was  a 
surgeon  in  the  confederate  service.  He 
has  since  practiced  his  profession  with 
success  in  Nashville;  was  at  one  time 
professor  of  oval  surgery  in  the  Vander- 
bilt  university;  was  also  professor  of  sur 
gery  in  the  university  of  the  South;  and 
is  at  present  professor  of  neurology  in 
the  medical  department  of  the  Vauderbilt 
university;  and  a  prolific  contributor  to 
various  medical  journals. 

BULFINCH,  CHARLES,  architect,  was 
born  Aug.  8,  1763.  In  1793  he  built  the 
first  theater  in  Boston.  He  drew  the 
plans  for  the  state  house  and  city  hall  in 
Boston,  for  the  capitol  at  Washington, 
for  Faneuil  hall,  and  designed  as  many 
as  forty  churches  and  other  build 
ings  in  New  England  cities.  He  was  the 
architect  of  the  national  capitol  from 
1817  until  it  was  completed  in  1830.  He 
died  April  15,  1884,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BULFINCH,  ELLEN  SUSAN,  artist, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1844,  in  Fram- 
ingham,  Mass.,  and  is  the  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Stephen  Greenleaf  Bulfinch.  She  is 
the  author  of  The  Life  and  Letters  of  her 
grandfather.  Charles  Bulfinch,  the  pio 
neer  of  American  architects:  the  designer 
of  the  state  house  of  Boston,  and  under 
whose  charge  the  capitol  at  Washington 
was  completed  in  1830. 


BULFINCH,  STEPHEN  GREENLEAF, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  June 
8,  1809,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Poems,  Lays  of  the  Gospel,  Com 
munion  Thoughts;  Contemplations  of  the 
Saviour;  The  Holy  Land  and  Its  Inhab 
itants;  The  Harp  and  the  Cross;  Honour, 
or  the  Slave  Dealer's  Daughter;  Manual 
of  the  Evidences  of  Christianity;  and 
Studies  in  the  Evidences  of  Christianity 
He  died  Oct.  12,  1870,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 
BULFINCH,  THOMAS,  banker,  author, 
was  born  July  15,  1796,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Boston  banker,  whose  leisure 
was  devoted  to  literary  pursuits.  He 
was  the  author  of  Hebrew  Lyrical  His 
tory;  The  Age  of  Fable;  The  Age  of 
Chivalry;  Boy  Inventors;  Legends  of 
Charlemagne;  Poetry  of  the  Age  of 
Fable;  Oregon  and  Eldorado,  or  Romance 
of  the  Rivers.  He  died  May  27,  1867,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

BULKELEY,  ELIPHALET  ADAMS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  29,  1803,  in 
Colchester,  Conn.  In  1857  he  was  a  sec 
ond  time  elected  to  the  state  legislature, 
becoming  speaker  of  the  house.  During 
the  latter  portion  of  his  life  he  was  inter 
ested  iu  the  business  of  life  insurance, 
and  associated  in  the  organizing  of  both 
the  Connecticut  Mutual  company,  becom 
ing  its  first  president,  and  the  JEtna  Life 
Insurance  company.  He  died  Feb.  13 
1872,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

BULKELEY,  MORGAN  GARDINER, 
financier,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1838,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  On  the  death  of  his  father 
he  became  president  of  the  United  States 
bank  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  later  was 
elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  JEtna. 
Life  Insurance  company.  He  is  promi 
nent  in  Connecticut  politics  as  a  repub 
lican,  and  has  four  times  been  elected 
mayor  of  Hartford. 

BULKLEY,  FRANK,  mining  engineer, 
legislator,  was  born  July  10,  1857,  in 
Washington,  Iowa.  He  received  his  ed 
ucation  in  Michigan,  and  has  attained 
success  as  a  noted  mining  engineer  in 
Colorado.  He  is  the  general  manager  of 
the  New  Pittsburgh  Mining  company  of 
Leadville;  the  Grand  River  Coal  and 
Coke  company  of  Garfield;  the  Aspen 
Mining  and  Smelting  company;  the  Re 
gent  Mine;  the  Bushwhacker  Mining 
company;  and  various  other  mining  com 
panies.  He  has  served  with  distinction 
as  a  representative  in  the  Colorado  state 
legislature,  and  has  taken  an  active  part 
in  the  public  affairs  of  that  state. 

BULKLEY,  HENRY  DAGGETT,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  April  20,  1803.  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a  member  of 
medical  societies  and  some  time  president 
of  the  New  York  County  Medical  society 
and  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medi 
cine.  Dr.  Bulkley  edited  the  American 
editions  of  Cazenave  and  Schedel's  Man 
ual  of  Diseases  of  the  Skin;  and  Greg 
ory's  Eruptive  Fevers. 

BULKLEY,  PETER,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  31,  1583,  in  England.  He 
is  a  congregational  clergyman  of  Con 
cord,  Mass.  His  one  work,  The  Gospel 
Covenant,  or  The  Covenant  of  urace 
Opened,  is  a  ponderous  series  of  sermons 
notable  for  its  intellectual  vigor.  He 
died  March  9,  1659,  in  Concord,  Mass. 

BULL,     CHARLES     HENRY,     railroad 
president,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1822,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.     Since  1888  he  has  been  pres-  . 
ident  of  the  Quincy.  Omaha  and  Kansas 
City  railway. 

BULL,  HENRY,  governor  of  Rhode 
Island,  was  born  in  1609.  in  South  Wales. 
He  early  emigrated  to  America,  and  after 
a  short  residence  in  Massachusetts,  with 


a  party  of  seventeen,  purchased  land  and 
settled  in  Newport  about  1638.  In  1685 
and  in  1689  he  was  governor.  He  died  in 
1693,  in  Rhode  Island. 

BULL,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Mis 
souri  from  1833  to  1835. 

BULL,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  South  Carolina  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1784  to  1787. 

BULL,  JOHN,  physician,  was  born  in 
1813,  in  Shelby  county,  Ky.  He  was 
doubtless  the  most  successful  compound- 
er  of  what  are  known  as  patent  medicines 
in  America.  Although  connected  with 
the  proprietary  medicine  business  for 
many  years,  his  final  fortune  was  gath 
ered  during  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life, 
his  income  at  that  time  being  greater 
than  that  of  any  other  man  in  Kentucky. 
He  died  April  26,  1875,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

BULL,  LORENZO,  prominent  business 
man,  was  born  March  21,  1819,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  With  the  best  interests  of 
Quincy,  III.,  he  has  always  been  identified; 
and,  jointly  with  his  son,  is  now  proprie 
tor  of  the  Quincy  water  works.  He  is 
also  president  of  the  State  Savings,  Loan 
and  Trust  Co. 

BULL,  MELVILLE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1854,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1883- 
85;  senator  in  1885-92;  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  in  1892-94;  member  of  republican 
state  central  committee  in  1885  to  1895; 
and  was  delegate  to  the  republican  na 
tional  convention  in  1888.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  establishing  the  naval  re 
serve  militia  of  the  state;  and  has  been 
one  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the 
Rhode  Island  College  of  Agriculture  and 
Mechanic  Arts  and  Experiment  station 
since  its  establishment  in  1888.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  anu  fiuy-fifth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

BULL,  ORVILLE  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  bbrn  Nov.  29,  1849,  in  La- 
Grange,  Ga.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Georgia  state  legislature;  and  has  been 
prominent  in  the  educational  and  polit 
ical  affairs  of  his  state. 

BULL,  WILLIAM  LANMAN,  stock 
broker,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1844,  in  New 
York  city.  He  has  been  twice  president 
of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange;  and 
is  a  director  of  the  Northern  Pacific  rail 
road. 

BULLARD,  ASA,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  26,  1804,  in  Northbridge, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Massachusetts,  long  prominent  in 
Sunday-school  work.  His  principal  writ 
ings  are  Sunnybank  Stories;  Shady  Dell 
Stories;  Fifty  Years  with  the  Sabbath 
School;  and  Incidents  in  a  Busy  Life,  an 
autobiography.  He  died  in  1888. 

BULLARD,  E.  F.,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  May  1,  1840,  in  Jay, 
N.  Y.  He  graduated  from  the  University 
of  Vermont  in  1864;  and  subsequently 
became  president  of  the  Jacksonville  Fe 
male  academy,  of  Illinois. 

BULLARD,  HENRY  ADAMS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  9, 
1781,  in  Groton,  Mass.  In  1831  he  was 
chosen  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Louisiana,  and  served  until  1834;  and 
was  then  elevated  to  the  supreme  bench 
of  Louisiana,  and  filled  the  office  until 
1846.  In  1847  he  was  appointed  professor 
of  the  civil  law  in  the  Law  School  of 
Louisiana,  and  delivered  two  courses  of 
lectures.  In  1850  he  was  elected  to  the 
legislature;  and  was  subsequently  chosen 
a  member  of  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
He  died  April  17,  1851,  in  New  Orleans. 
La. 


170 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BULLIONS,  PETER,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1791,  in  Scotland. 
He  was  a  united  presbyterian  clergyman 
•of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  well  known  as  a  classical 
scholar.  Among  his  text  books  for 
schools  are  Principles  of  English  Gram 
mar;  Principles  of  Greek  Grammar;  and 
Latin  and  English  Dictionary.  He  died 
Feb.  13,  1864,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

BULLIS,  SPENCER  S.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  July  7,  1849,  in  East  Au 
rora,  N.  Y.  Since  1894  he  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  Buffalo,  Attica  and  Arcade 
railroad. 

BULLITT,  ALEXANDER  SCOTT,  leg 
islator,  lieutenant-governor,  was  born  in 
1761,  in  Prince  William  county,  Va.  He 
was  president  of  the  KentucKy  senate  for 
several  years;  and  in  IV 99  was  president 
of  the  convention  to  amend  the  state 
constitution.  He  was  lieutenant-govejnor 
from  1800  to  1804;  and  was  again  in  the 
legislature  until  1808.  He  died  April  13, 
1816,  in  Jefferson  county,  Ky. 

BULLOCH,  ARCHIBALD,  lawyer,  pub 
lic  official,  was  born  about  1730,  in  Char 
leston,  S.  C.  In  1775  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  provincial  congress,  and 
became  its  president,  and  during  the  fol 
lowing  year  he  was  again  called  upon  to 
preside  over  the  second  provincial  con 
gress,  and  sent  as  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  meeting  at  Philadel 
phia.  He  was  chosen  first  republican 
president  of  Georgia,  holding  that  office 
from  1776  till  1777,  when  the  state  con 
stitution  came  into  existence.  Governor 
Bulloch  was  one  of  the  most  eminent 
men  of  his  time,  and  had  great  influence 
in  shaping  the  course  of  his  state.  He 
died  Feb.  22,  1777,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

BULLOCH,  JAMES  R.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Rhode  Island.  He  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  United  States  court  for  that 
district. 

BULLOCH,  WILLIAM  BELLINGER, 
lawyer,  banker,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1776,  in  Savannah,  Ga.  In 
1809  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Savannah. 
Subsequently  he  became  collector  of  the 
port,  and  during  the  war  of  1812  served 
in  the  Savannah  heavy  artillery.  He 
was  appointed  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the 
United  States  senate.  From  1816  to  1843 
he  was  president  of  the  state  bank  of 
Georgia,  having  been  one  of  the  founders 
of  that  institution.  He  died  March  6, 
1852,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

BULLOCK,  ALEXANDER  HAMIL 
TON,  lawyer,  state  senator,  governor, 
author,  was  born  March  2,  1816,  in  Roy- 
alston,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  in  1845,  1847,  1848,  1861,  and 
1862;  state  senator  in  1849;  and  commis 
sioner  of  insolvency  in  1853.  He  was 
judge  of  insolvency  from  1856  to  1858; 
mayor  of  Worcester  in  1859;  and  governor 
of  Massachusetts  from  1866  to  1869.  He 
was  the  author  of  Intellectual  Leader 
ships,  and  several  addresses  and  speech 
es.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1882,  in  Worcester, 
Mass. 

BULLOCK,  ARCHIBALD,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Georgia 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1775  to 
1776. 

BULLOCK,  ARCHIBALD,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  about  1730,  in 
Charleston.  S.  C.  In  1772  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  provincial  general  assem 
bly  of  Georgia;  in  1775  and  1776  was 
elected  member  and  president  of  the 
Georgia  provincial  congresses;  and  from 
1776-77  was  chosen  governor  of  Georgia. 
He  died  Feb.  22,  1777.  in  Savannah,  Ga. 


BULLOCK,  CAROLINE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1845,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  She  is  the  widow  of  Captain 
Walter  R.  Bullock,  and  the  founder  of  the 
Wilford  Home  School  for  girls,  which 
was  established  twenty  years  ago,  and  of 
which  she  is  still  principal.  She  is  the 
author  of  several  educational  works. 

BULLOCK,  CHARLES,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  in  1826, 
in  Wilmington,  Del.  Since  1885  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Philadelphia  College 
of  Pharmacy.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  Alkaloids  of  Veratrum 
Virdie. 

BULLOCK,  JONATHAN  RUSSELL, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  lieutenant-gov 
ernor,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1815,  in  Bristol, 
R.  I.  In  1844  and  the  two  succeeding 
years  he  was  chosen  first  representative 
to  the  general  assembly  from  the  town  of 
Bristol.  In  1859  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate,  and  in  1860  was  chosen 
lieutenant-governor. 

BULLOCK,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1828,  in 
Oxford,  N.  C.  In  18G2  he  went  into  the 
war  as  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  seventh 
regiment  Florida  volunteers,  and  re 
mained  until  the  close  of  the  war;  and 
was  promoted  to  brigadier-general  in 
1864.  He  was  elected  judge  of  probate 
during  Johnson's  reconstruction,  and  was 
appointed  judge  of  county  criminal  courts 
by  the  governor.  He  was  a  Tilden  elect 
or  in  1876;  was  elected  to  the  legislature 
in  1879;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a 
democrat.  In  1897  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  county  court. 

BULLOCK,  RUFUS  BROWN,  busi 
ness  man,  governor,  was  born  March  28, 
1834,  in  Bethlehem,  N.  Y.  He  formed  the 
Southern  Express  company,  and  became 
one  of  its  active  managers.  During  the 
civil  war  he  continued  this  occupation 
under  the  direction  of  the  confederate 
government,  establishing  railroads  and 
telegraph  lines  on  interior  routes.  After 
the  cessation  of  hostilities,  Mr.  Bullock 
resumed  the  management  of  express  af 
fairs,  and  was  elected  one  of  the  trustees 
and  secretary  of  the  Southern  Express 
company.  Its  present  magnitude  is 
largely  due  to  his  management  at  that 
time.  He  was  also  associated  in  the  or 
ganization  of  the  first  national  bank  of 
Georgia,  and  was  elected  its  president. 
Governor  Bullock  continued  his  residence 
in  Georgia,  and  became  president  of  one 
of  the  largest  cotton  mills  in  Atlanta. 
He  has  taken  no  public  part  in  politics 
since  his  resignation  of  the  office  of  gov 
ernor. 

BULLOCK,  STEPHEN,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1735,  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  member  of  the  conven 
tion  which  formed  the  constitution  of 
that  state;  frequently  served  in  the  state 
legislature;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1797 
to  1799.  He  subsequently  became  judge 
of  the  common  pleas  for  Bristol  county; 
served  in  the  state  senate,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  executive  council  of  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  died  in  1816,  in  Massa 
chusetts. 

BULLOCK,  THOMAS  SEAMAN,  rail 
road  builder,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1853,  in 
Shelbyville,  Ind.  He  built  the  Prescott 
and  Arizona  Central  railroad,  which  con 
nected  the  capital  of  the  territory  with 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  railroad.  He 
also  undertook  the  construction  of  the 
Monterey  and  Mexican  Gulf  railroad, 
which  was  completed  in  1891. 


BULLOCK,  WILLIAM  A.,  inventor, 
was  born  in  1813,  in  Greenville,  N.  Y. 
He  gave  his  energies  to  the  problem  of 
constructing  a  printing  press  that  should 
embody  in  one  machine  accurate  self-ad 
justment  and  feeding,  perfecting,  or 
printing  on  both  sides,  with  the  highest 
rate  of  speed.  He  was  successful  in  ac 
complishing  all  these  objects,  and  the 
Bullock  web  perfecting  press  revolution 
ized  the  art  of  press  building.  Subse 
quent  modifications  and  improvements 
have  brought  the  delivery  up  to  thirty 
thousand  an  hour.  He  died  April  14, 
1867,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BULLOCK,  WINGFIELD,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  senate  from 
Shelby  county  from  1812  to  1814;  resigned 
in  1813;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Kentucky  for  the  years 
1820  and  1821.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1821. 

BUMP,  ORLANDO  FRANKLIN,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1841,  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  Baltimore  lawyer,  and 
the  author  of  The  Law  and  Practice  of 
Bankruptcy. 

BUMSTEAD,  FREEMAN  JOSIAH,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  April  21,  1826, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  the  author 
of  Pathology  and  Treatment  of  Venereal 
Diseases;  and  translations  from  the 
French  of  Ricord  and  Cullerier.  He  died 
Nov.  28,  1879,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BUMSTEAD,  HORACE,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  Sept.  29,  1841,  in  Boston,  Mass.  Dur 
ing  1864-65  he  was  a  major  of  the  forty- 
third  regiment  United  States  colored 
troops,  and  served  in  Virginia  and  Texas. 
He  has  attained  eminence  as  a  clergy 
man  and  educator,  and  is  now  president 
of  the  Atlanta  University  of  Georgia. 

BUMSTEAD,  SAMUEL  JOSIAH,  sur 
geon,  oculist,  author,  was  born  June  13, 
1841,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  assist 
ant  surgeon  of  the  twenty-ninth  Illinois 
volunteer  infantry;  served  three  years 
during  the  civil  war;  and  became  second 
sergeant  in  company  B,  one  hundred  and 
eighth  Illinois  volunteer  infantry.  He  is 
the  author  of  two  books:  Riversom;  and 
The  Peacemaker  of  Bourbon. 

BUNCE,  OLIVER  BELL,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1828,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  the  editor  of  Apple- 
ton's  Journal  for  the  period  of  its  exist 
ence,  and  well  known  as  the  author  of 
Don't,  a  small  volume  of  social  nega 
tions  which  was  widely  circulated.  He 
wrote  also  Bachelor  Bluff,  his  Opinions,  a 
volume  of  essays;  My  House;  Marco  Boz- 
zaris,  a  drama;  Love  in  '76,  a  comedy; 
Romance  of  the  Revolution;  four  stories, 
including  Life  Before  Him;  Bensly;  A 
Bachelor's  Story;  The  Adventures  of 
Timias  Terrystone;  and  Happinolande 
and  Other  Legends,  a  collection  of 
sketches.  He  died  May  15,  1890,  in  New 
York  city. 

BUNCE,  WILLIAM  GEDNEY,  land 
scape  painter,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1842,  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  His  principal  paintings 
are  Approach  to  Venice;  Twilight  in 
Holland;  Watch  Hill,  Rhode  Island;  Sa- 
tucket  Hillside,  New  England;  Among 
the  Sail,  Venice;  Bit  of  Harbor,  Venice; 
Venetian  Day;  and  Venetian  Night. 

BUNCH,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1786,  in  Granger 
county,  Tenn.  He  commanded  a  regi 
ment  in  the  Indian  war,  under  General 
Andrew  Jackson,  and,  in  the  charge  of  the 
battle  of  the  Horseshoe,  was  the  first  or 
second  man  over  the  breastworks  of  the 
enemy.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1833  to  1837. 
He  died  Sept.  5,  1849,  in  Rutledge,  Tenn. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


171 


BUNDY,  HEZEKIAH  SANFORD,  mer 
chant,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  17,  1817,  in  Marietta,  Ohio.  He  was 
in  the  mercantile 
business  as  clerk 
and  proprietor  from 
1835  to  1846;  after 
that  turned  his  at 
tention  to  farming, 
and  in  1854  became 
connected  with  the 
furnace  business; 
during  all  these  avo 
cations  he  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1850.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state 
legislature  in  1848;  re-elected  in  1850;  in 
1855  was  chosen  a  state  senator;  and  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1860.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress,  and  to  the  fifty- 
third  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

BUNDY,  JONAS  MILLS,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1835  in  New  Hampshire. 
He  was  a  New  York  journalist,  and  prom 
inent  as  editor  of  the  Mail  and  Express 
from  1868.  He  was  also  the  author  of 
State  Rights;  Are  we  a  Nation?;  and  Life 
of  Garfield.  He  died  in  1891. 

BUNDY,  SOLOMON,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  22,  1823,  in  Oxford, 
N.  Y.  He  was  district  attorney  of  Che- 
nango  county  from  1862  to  1865;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-fifth  congress. 

BUNGAY,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
journalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  28, 
1826,  in  England.  He  was  a  New  York 
journalist  well  known  as  a  temperance 
lecturer.  He  wrote  many  poems,  among 
which  The  Creeds  of  the  Bells  has  long 
been  popular.  His  other  writings  include 
The  Abraham  Lincoln  Songster;  The 
Poets  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Time;  Off 
hand  Takings;  Crayon  Sketches;  and  Pen 
Portraits  of  Illustrious  Abstainers.  He 
<lied  July  10,  1892,  in  Bloomfield,  N.  J. 

BUNKER,  RUFUS  A.  W.,  educator, 
clergyman,  lecturer,  was  born  Oct.  23, 
1844,  in  Roxbury,  Maine.  During  the  war 
he  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  fifth  regi 
ment  Maine  battery.  In  1871  he  graduat 
ed  from  the  New  Hampshire  conference 
seminary  and  female  college;  and  in 
1874  from  the  School  of  Theology  of  the 
Boston  university.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church;  has  lectured  extensive 
ly;  and  is  the  author  of  several  hymns 
and  numerous  religious  articles. 

BUNN,  BENJAMIN  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1844,  near 
Hocky  Mount,  N.  C.  At  the  age  of  six 
teen  he  enlisted  in 
the  confederate  ar- 
m  y  ;  commanded 
fourth  company 
sharpshooters,  Mac- 
Rae's  brigade,  army 
of  Northern  Virgin 
ia;  and  was  twice 
wounded.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state 
constitutional  con 
vention  in  1875;  was 
a  delegate  to  the  na 
tional  democratic 
convention  in  1880;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  in  1883.  He  was 
presidential  elector  in  1884;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

BUNN,  HENRY  GASTON,  soldier,  state 
senator,  jurist,  was  born  June  12,  1838,  in 
Nash  county,  N.  C.  He  served  in  the 


confederate  army  throughout  the  war; 
was  third  lieutenant,  adjutant,  lieuten 
ant-colonel,  and  colonel  of  the  fourth 
Arkansas  infantry  in  the  army  of  the 
Tennessee.  In  1873-74  he  served  as  state 
senator;  and  was  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1874.  He  was 
special  judge  of  the  circuit  and  supreme 
court,  and  since  1893  has  been  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Arkansas,  his 
term  expiring  in  October,  1904. 

BUNN,  JACOB  FREDERICK,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  June  6,  1847,  in  Bellevue, 
Ohio.  This  eminent  lawyer  has  filled  va 
rious  high  offices;  and  during  1879-85  was 
probate  judge  of  Seneca  county,  Ohio. 

BUNN,  ROMANZO,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1829, 
in  South  Hartwick,  N.  Y.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Wisconsin 
state  legislature;  was  elected  circuit 
judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit  for  the 
term  of  six  years,  and  was  re-elected. 
In  1877  he  was  appointed  United  States 
district  judge  for  the  western  district  of 
Wisconsin. 

BUNNELL,  FRANK  C.,  soldier,  banker, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  March  19, 
1842,  in  Luzerne  county,  Pa.  He  enlisted 
in  the  union  army  as  a  private  of  the 
fifty-second  regiment,  Pennsylvania  vol 
unteers;  and  was  made  quartermaster's 
sergeant  in  1862.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  to  fill  a  va 
cancy;  in  1875  was  elected  president  of 
Wyoming  county  agricultural  society 
and  continued  to  be  re-elected  each  year. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  educa 
tion  from  1881  to  1884;  in  1881  was  ap 
pointed  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Bi-Centennial  association;  in  1883  was 
elected  treasurer  of  Tunkhannock  for  one 
year;  and  was  burgess  in  1883  and  1884. 
In  1884  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fif 
tieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BUNNELL,  LAFAYETTE  HOUGH- 
TON,  soldier,  author.  He  served  in  the 
Mexican  war;  was  a  pioneer  in  California 
in  1849;  and  was  one  of  the  discoverers 
of  the  Yosemite  valley,  and  was  in  the 
Indian  war  of  1851.  He  is  a  resident  of 
Minnesota,  and  the  author  of  Winona  and 
Its  Environs. 

BUNNER,  HENRY  CUYLER,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1855,  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  New  York  journalist, 
the  editor  of  Puck,  and  well  known  as  a 
writer  of  graceful,  delicate  verse  and  very 
readable  fiction.  He  is  the  author  of  Jer 
sey  Street  and  Jersey  Lane;  Love  in  Old 
Clothes;  Zadoc  Pine  and  Other  Stories; 
The  Story  of  a  New  York  House;  The 
Midge;  In  Partnership  (with  J.  B.  Mat 
thews);  Short  Sixes,  a  collection  of  hu 
morous  tales;  and  The  Woman  of  Honour. 
His  verse  includes  Airs  from  Arcady  and 
Elsewhere;  Rowen,  second  crop  songs. 

BUNNER,  RUDOLPH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1779.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
]827  to  1829.  He  died  July  23,  1837,  in 
Otsego,  N.  Y. 

BUNTING,  THOMAS  L.,  merchant, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  in  1844, 
in  Eden,  N.  Y.  He  is  president  of  the 
New  York  Packers'  association,  and  state 
president  of  the  National  Packers'  asso 
ciation;  is  president  of  the  Hamburg  Wa 
ter  and  Electric  Light  company,  and  In 
vestment  and  Improvement  company;  is 
one  of  the  city  and  county  hall  commis 
sioners;  is  a  member  of  the  Erie  County 
Farmers'  institute;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 


BUNTON,  FREDERICK  HENRY,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1860, 
in  Pass  Christian,  Miss.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  New  Orleans  university, 
and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  M., 
Ph.  D.  For  several  years  he  was  princi 
pal  of  the  high  school  in  Summit,  Mass.; 
and  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  New 
Orleans  university.  This  eminent  clergy 
man  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church 
is  secretary  of  the  upper  Mississippi  con 
ference,  and  fills  a  pastorate  in  Starkville. 

BURBANKS,  FRANK  E.,  man  of  af 
fairs,  was  born  April  10,  1852,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Olivet  college  of  Michigan,  in  which 
state  he  has  attained  success  in  the  in 
surance  business  at  Minden  City.  He  has 
taken  great  interest  in  the  public  affairs 
of  his  county  and  state,  and  filled  several 
important  positions  of  honor. 

BURBAULT,  J.  E.,  soldier,  legislator, 
was  born  Aug.  20,  1822,  in  Hanover,  Pa. 
He  participated  in  the  Kansas  troubles 
in  1857  with  Lane,  John  Brown  and  oth 
ers;  and  was  one  of  the  original  founders 
of  Falls  City,  Neb.  He  was  instrumental 
'in  passing  the  bill  to  abolish  slavery  in 
the  territory  of  Nebraska  in  1859;  and 
served  as  paymaster  in  1863.  He  was  ap 
pointed  in  the  regular  army  and  served 
on  the  frontier  during  the  rebellion,  re 
tiring  through  disability  in  1875.  He  has 
also  served  with  distinction  as  member 
of  the  Nebraska  legislature. 

BURBECK,  HENRY,  soldier,  was  born 
June  8,  1754,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  served 
as  major  in  the  revolutionary  war;  and 
attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  in 
the  war  of  1812.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1848,  in 
New  London,  Conn. 

BURBRIDGE,  STEPHEN  GANG,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1831,  in 
Scott  county,  Ky.  General  Burbridge  was 
conspicuous  at  the  capture  of  Port  Gib 
son,  and  was  among  the  first  to  enter  the 
place.  Later  he  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  military  district  of  Kentucky,  and 
defeated  General  John  H.  Morgan  on  his 
raid,  driving  him  into  Tennessee.  For 
this  service  he  received  the  thanks  of 
President  Lincoln,  and  in  1864  the  brevet 
of  major-general. 

BURCH,  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1844,  in  Meade 
county,  Ky.  He  served  through  the  civil 
war  as  a  private  under  General  N.  D.  For 
rest  of  the  confederate  service.  For  four 
years  he  was  justice  of  the  peace  in  his 
native  county;  and  now  successfully 
practices  law  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

BURCHARD,  HORATIO  C.,  merchant, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  22, 
1825,  in  Marshall,  N.  Y.  He  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  business;  and  was  school 
commissioner  in  Stephenson  county,  111., 
from  1857  to  1860.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  in  1866;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-first,  forty-second,  forty-third 
and  forty-fifth  congresses.  In  1879,  he  was 
appointed  director  of  the  United  States 
mint;  and  in  1885-86  was  revenue  com 
missioner  for  the  state  of  Illinois. 

BURCHARD,  SAMUEL  D.,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
July  17,  1836,  in  Leyden,  N.  Y.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  manufacturing  of  woolen 
goods;  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  Missouri 
militia  during  the  rebellion;  was  appoint 
ed  a  captain  in  the  volunteer  service,  and 
as  quartermaster  was  assigned  to  duty  in 
New  York,  where  he  had  charge  of  the 
purchase  of  forage  for  the  seaboard  ar 
mies;  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  as 
a  major.  He  returned  to  Wisconsin;  and 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1872; 
and  in  1874  was  elected  a  representative 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 


172 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BURCHARD,  SAMUEL  DICKINSON, 
clergyman,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1812,  in 
Steuben,  N.  Y.  He  was  very  successful  as 
a  pastor  and  lecturer,  and  was  at  differ 
ent  times  chancellor  of  Ingham  universi 
ty  and  president  of  Rutgers  female  col 
lege.  He  stigmatized  the  democrats  as 
the  party  of  Rum,  Romanism,  and  Rebel 
lion.  He  died  Sept.  25,  1891,  in  Saratoga, 
N.  Y. 

BURD,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1794.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831  to 
1835.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1844.  in  Bedford, 
Pa. 

BURDEN,  JAMES  ABERCROMBIE, 
manufacturer,  inventor,  was  born  Jan.  6, 
1833,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  became  president 
of  the  Burden  Iron  company  of  Troy  and 
New  York.  He  has  obtained  eighteen  pat 
ents  for  inventions  of  his  own  for  ma 
chines  used  in  the  manufacture  of  iron, 
one  of  the  most  important  being  that  for 
making  horse  and  mule  shoes,  this  ma 
chine  producing  seventy  finished  shoes 
per  minute,  punched  with  holes  and  pre 
pared  in  every  other  way,  ready  for  the 
horse's  foot.  In  1883  he  became  president 
of  the  Hudson  River  Ore  and  Iron  compa 
ny.  His  iron  foundries  and  machine 
shops  give  employment  to  three  thousand 
men.  He  has  declined  nominations  as 
mayor  of  Troy,  member  of  congress,  and 
other  offices,  but  has  been  twice  a  presi 
dential  elector. 

BURDETT,  CHARLES,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1815,  in  New  York.  He 
was  the  author  of  Life  of  Kit  Carson; 
The  Second  Marriage;  The  Beautiful  Spy; 
Margaret  Moncrieffe;  Emma,  or  The  Lost 
Found;  Marion  Desmond;  The  Gambler; 
The  Adopted  Child;  Trials  and  Tri 
umphs;  Never  too  Late;  and  Chances  and 
Changes. 

BURDETT.  SAMUEL  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1836, 
in-  England.  In  1861  he  entered  the  vol 
unteer  army  as  a 
private,  and  in  1864 
was  promoted  to 
captain.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector 
in  1864  from  Iowa; 
in  1865  emigrated  to 
St.  Clair  county, 
Mo.:  in  1866  was 
made  circuit  attor 
ney  for  the  seventh 
judicial  district; 
and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Chicago  con 
vention  of  1868.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-first 
congress;  and  in  1874  he  was  appointed 
commissioner  of  the  general  land  office 
in  Washington. 

BURDETTE,  ROBERT  JONES,  jour 
nalist,  author,  lecturer,  was  born  July  30, 
1844,  in  Greensborough,  Pa.  After  serv 
ing  as  a  private  through  the  war  he  re 
turned  to  Peoria,  where  he  was  employed 
as  clerk  in  the  postoffice.  Subsequently 
he  became  a  proof-reader  on  the  Peoria 
Transcript,  and  later  filled  the  position  of 
night  editor  on  the  same  newspaper.  In 
1874  he  was  engaged  on  the  Burlington 
Hawkeye,  where  he  soon  gained  for  him 
self  and  the  journal  a  world-wide  reputa 
tion.  Ten  years  later  he  left  the  edito 
rial  staff  of  the  Hawkeye  and  engaged 
himself  with  the  Brooklyn  Eagle.  The 
greatest  success  of  Mr.  Burdette  has  been 
as  a  lecturer;  several  of  his  humorous 
books,  however,  have  attained  fair  cir 
culations.  His  principal  works  are  Hawk- 
eyes;  Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Mustache; 
Innach  Garden  and  Other  Comic  Sketch 
es;  and  Life  of  William  Penn. 


BURDICK,  CHARLES  WILLIAMS, 
lawyer,  public  official,  legislator,  was 
born  Aug.  15,  1860,  in  Toledo,  Ohio.  He  is 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  west 
at  Cheyenne,  Wyo.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Wyoming  constitutional  convention; 
a  member  of  the  upper  house  in  the  elev 
enth  territorial  legislature;  has  been 
state  auditor;  and  filled  with  distinction 
the  office  of  secretary  of  state. 

BURDICK,  THEODORE  WELD,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1836, 
in  Evansburg,  Pa.  He  was  deputy  treas 
urer  and  recorder  of  Winneshiek  county 
from  1854  until  1857,  and  treasurer  and 
recorder  from  1857  until  1862,  when  .he 
resigned  to  recruit  a  company  for  the 
union  army.  He  was  commissioned  a  cap 
tain,  and  served  throughout  the  war.  Af 
ter  being  mustered  out  he  returned  to  De- 
corah  and  became  cashier  of  the  First  na 
tional  bank  of  that  place;  and  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the  for 
ty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BURFORD,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  29,  1852,  in  Parke  county, 
Ind.  He  is  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  at  El  Reno,  O.  T.;  and  for  a 
number  of  years  was  registrar  of  land 
office  at  Oklahoma  City. 

BURGDORF,  AUGUST  C.,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  July  12,  1838, 
in  Germany.  He  has  taught  school  in  Il 
linois  and  Missouri,  and  for  a  number  of 
years  was  principal  of  the  Lutheran 
academy  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  which  position 
he  resigned  to  become  president  of  Wal- 
ther  college  of  the  same  city. 

BURGDORFF,  WILLIAM  F.,  mer 
chant,  was  born  March  19,  1846,  in  Ger 
many.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
and  the  Blackburn  university.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  merchant  of  Carlinville,  111.,  of 
which  city  he  has  been  mayor;  and  is 
president  of  the  Carlinville  national  bank. 
In  1896  he  was  the  republican  candidate 
for  state  senator  for  the  thirty-sixth  dis 
trict. 

BURGER.  LOUIS,  soldier,  architect, 
was  born  Feb.  6,  1821,  in  Bavaria.  In 
1854  he  organized  the  engineer  corps  of 
the  fifth  regiment  of  the  New  York  state 
national  guards,  and  was  elected  captain. 
During  the  civil  war  he  commanded  his 
regiment  in  the  short  campaign  of  1861. 
He  died  May  25,  1871,  in  New  York  city. 

BURGES,  GIDEON  ALBERT,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
May  29,  1854,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He 
is  the  president  of  Parker  college  of 
Winnebago  City,  Minn.,  and  the  author 
of  The  Free  Baptist  Cyclopedia. 

BURGES,  TRISTAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1770,  in 
Rochester,  Mass.  In  1818  he  was  elected 
chief  justice  of  Rhode  Island;  occupied 
the  chair  of  oratory  in  Brown  university; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Rhode  Island  from  1825  to  1835.  He  died 
Oct.  13,  1853,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

BURGESS,  ALEXANDER,  bishop  of 
the  diocese  of  Quincy,  111.,  was  born  Oct. 
31,  1819,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  When  the 
new  diocese  of  Quincy,  111.,  was  formed 
he  was  chosen  to  be  its  first  bishop,  and 
was  consecrated  in  1878.  He  published  a 
memoir  of  his  brother,  the  first  bishop  of 
Maine,  in  1869,  and  is  also  the  author  of 
various  sermons,  addresses,  and  Sunday- 
school  literature,  with  some  carols  and 
hymns. 

BURGESS,  DEMPSEY,  soldier,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the  pro 
vincial  congress  of  North  Carolina;  a 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  militia;  and  a 
representative  in  congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1795  to  1798. 


BURGESS,  EBENEZER,  clergyman,, 
author,  was  born  April  1,  1790,  in  Ware- 
ham,  Mass.  He  was  the  agent  of  the 
American  colonization  society  in  Africa 
from  1817-18,  assisted  in  founding  the  col 
ony  of  Liberia,  and  in  1818-19  was  the 
society's  agent  in  the  United  States.  He 
published  The  Dedham  Pulpit;  and  The 
Burgess  Genealogy.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1870, 
in  Dedham,  Mass. 

BURGESS,  EDWARD,  architect, author, 
was  born  June  30,  1848,  in  West  Sand 
wich,  Mass.  He  was  a  noted  naval  archi 
tect  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  English 
and  American  Yachts. 

BURGESS,  GEORGE,  bishop,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1809,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  was  the  first  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of  Maine,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Pages  from  the  Ecclesiastical  His 
tory  of  New  England;  The  Christian 
Life;  The  Book  of  Psalms  in  English 
Verse;  The  Last  Enemy  Conquering  and 
Conquered;  and  Strife  of  Brothers,  a 
poem.  He  died  April  23,  1866,  in  the  West 
Indies. 

BURGESS,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1844,  in  Cor- 
nersville,  Tenn.  He  is  the  dean  of  the- 
school  of  physical  science  in  Columbia 
college,  and  the  author  of  the  American 
University:  When  Shall  it  Be,  Where 
Shall  it  Be,  and  What  Shall  it  Be?  Po 
litical  Science  and  Comparative  Constitu 
tional  Law;  and  The  Middle  Period. 

BURGESS,  NEIL,  actor,  was  born  June 
18,  1851,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  made  a 
marked  success  as  Widow  Bedott  in  the 
play  Widow  Bedott's  Papers,  and  for  the 
subsequent  seven  years  it  was  one  of  the 
most  valuable  pieces  in  his  repertoire. 

BURK,  JOHN  DALY,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  17 — ,  in  Ireland.  He  was  an 
Irish  author  who  came  to  America  in 
1796,  and  for  the  last  years  of  his  life  was 
a  lawyer  in  Virginia.  He  was  the  author 
of  History  of  the  Late  War  in  Ireland; 
History  of  Virginia;  Bunker  Hill,  a  once 
popular  tragedy;  and  Bethlem  Gaber,  an 
historical  drama.  He  died  April  11,  1808, 
near  Campbell's  Bridge,  Va. 

BURK,  JOHN  JUNIUS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1800,  in  Virginia.  He  went  to 
Louisiana,  where  he  studied  law,  and  was 
for  many  years  a  prominent  lawyer  there, 
and  judge  of  the  state  court.  He  died 
July  17,  1866,  in  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

BURK,  JOSEPH  CORNELIUS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1857,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  In  1895  this  eminent  lawyer 
was  elected  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

BURKE,  ANDREW  H.,  governor,  was 
born  May  15,  1850,  in  New  York  city.  In 
1884  he  was  elected  treasurer  of  Cas& 
county,  N.  D.,  and  in  1890  was  elected 
governor  of  that  state. 

BURKE,  BARTEMAS,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1845,  in  Richmond^ 
Ind.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Hartsville  university.  He  served  three 
years  as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil 
war;  was  an  eye-witness  of  the  surrender 
of  Vicksburgby  Pemberton  to  Grant;  was 
taken  prisoner  in  the  Red  river  cam 
paign;  and  made  one  of  the  most  notable 
escapes  of  the  war  from  Camp  Ford  pris 
on,  Tex.,  to  the  union  lines  at  Natchez. 
He  was  prosecuting  attorney  for  seven 
years  in  Indiana;  and  in  California  has 
been  school  trustee;  assistant  district  at 
torney;  postmaster  of  Santa  Cruz;  com 
missioner  of  Torrens  Land  Transfer  Re 
form;  and  during  1892-96  was  state  sen 
ator  in  the  California  legislature  from  the 
twenty-ninth  district. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY 


173 


BURKE,  CHARLES  H.,  business  man, 
was  born  Dec.  14,  1850,  in  Milford,  N.  H. 
He  is  president  and  stockholder  in  the 
Nashua  Iron  and  Brass  Foundry  compa 
ny;  president  of  the  Nashua  Boot  and 
Shoe  Manufacturing  company,  and  direc 
tor  of  the  Second  national  bank.  In  1876 
he  was  elected  to  the  New  Hampshire 
state  legislature;  and  in  1888  was  elected 
mayor  of  Nashua,  N.  H. 

BURKE,  EDARUS  AEDANUS,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  June  16,  1743,  in 
Ireland.  In  1778  he  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  South  Caro 
lina;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1789  to  1791. 
He  died  March  30,  1802,  in  Charleston, 
S.  C. 

BURKE,  EDMUND,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1809,  in 
Westminster,  Vt.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress  in  1839-45;  and  commissioner  of 
patents  in  1845.  He  was  the  owner  and 
editor  of  The  Spectator  of  Newport,  N. 
H.,  where  he  died  Jan.  25,  1882. 

BURKE,  JAMES  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct,  21,  1867,  at  Petroleum  Cen 
ter,  Pa.  He  founded  the  American  Re 
publican  College  league,  and  became  its 
first  president,  establishing  a  branch  or 
ganization  in  every  leading  university  of 
the  United  States.  He  began  the  practice 
of  law  in  Pittsburg  in  1893. 

BURKE,  JAMES  L.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  March  24,  1850,  in  Gordon  coun 
ty,  Ga.  In  1872  he  was  a  member  of  the 
educational  examining  board  of  Gadsden, 
Ala.;  deputy  clerk  of  circuit  court  in 
1874  and  the  same  year  established  the 
Etowah  Shield.  In  1876  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  at  Guntersville,  Ala.,  of  which 
city  he  has  been  twice  mayor.  In  1884- 
85  he  represented  Marshall  county  in  the 
general  assembly  of  Alabama;  and  in 
1896  received  the  democratic  nomination 
for  state  senator.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the 
confederate  army;  the  youngest  member 
of  the  nineteenth  regiment  Alabama  in 
fantry;  and  was  wounded  at  Chiekamau- 
ga  before  he  was  fourteen  years  old. 

BURKE,  JOHN  EDMUND,  clergyman, 
was  born  Jan.  22,  1852,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Becoming  deeply  interested  in  the  spirit 
ual  condition  of  the  colored  Roman  catho 
lics  of  that  city,  and  realizing  their  great 
need  of  church  accommodation,  he,  in 
1878,  voluntarily  resigned  his  pastoral 
charge  to  devote  himself  to  supplying  this 
want  of  the  colored  Roman  catholics. 

BURKE,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1826,  in  Wat- 
kinsville,  Ga.  For  twenty-five  years  he 
published  the  Christian  Advocate;  and 
was  public  printer  of  the  state  of  Geor 
gia  for  a  number  of  years. 

BURKE,  MAURICE  FRANCIS,  R.  C. 
bishop,  was  born  May  15,  1845,  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  assistant  at  St.  Mary's 
church,  Chicago,  for  the  three  subsequent 
years,  and  afterward  pastor  of  St.  Mary's 
church,  Joliet,  111.,  till  1887,  when  he  be 
came  bishop  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming  ter 
ritory. 

BURKE,  ROBERT  EMMET,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  1,  1847,  in  Tallapoosa  county,  Ala. 
He  volunteered  as  a  private  in  company 
D,  tenth  Georgia  cavalry,  at  the  age  of 
sixteen,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  removed  to  Texas  in  1866  and  lo 
cated  at  Jefferson;  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  November,  1870.  He  was  elect 
ed  county  judge  in  1878,  serving  three 
consecutive  terms;  and  was  elected  dis 
trict  judge  in  1888,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1892  without  opposition.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 


BURKE,  STEVENSON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1826, 
in  St.  Lawrence  county,  N.  Y.  Since  1887 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Toledo  and 
Ohio  Central  railroad;  and  of  the  Kanaw- 
ha  and  Michigan  railway,  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  For  seven  years  during  1862-69  he 
was  judge  of  common  pleas. 

BURKE,  THOMAS,  physician,  lawyer, 
governor,  author,  was  born  in  1747,  in 
Ireland.  In  1776  he  was  a  member  of  the 
provincial  congress  at  Halifax,  and  a  vol 
unteer  at  the  battle  of  Brandywine.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1777  to  1781;  in  the  latter  year  was 
chosen  governor  of  North  Carolina;  while 
in  that  position  was  seized  by  the  tories 
as  a  prisoner  of  state,  and,  being  trans 
ferred  to  Charleston,  was  sent,  by  General 
Leslie,  to  James'  island  on  parole,  where 
he  was  detained  as  a  hostage.  Becoming 
exasperated,  after  four  months'  imprison 
ment,  he  determined  to  escape,  in  which 
purpose  he  was  successful.  He  addressed 
a  letter  to  General  Leslie,  informing  him 
of  his  reasons  for  withdrawing,  but  con 
sidered  himself  subject  <to  the  disposal  of 
the  British  authority;  an  exchange  was 
effected  by  General  Greene,  and  he  re 
turned  to  his  position  as  governor;  re 
tired  from  public  life  the  next  year.  He 
died  Dec.  2,  1783,  in  Hillsborough. 

BURKHART,  JOSEPH  ELIJAH,  sol 
dier,  farmer,  clergyman,  was  born  Jan. 
3,  1838,  in  Butler,  Pa.  During  the  civil 
war  he  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier  in 
company  A,  sixth  regiment  Pennsylvania 
heavy  artillery,  and  served  till  the  close 
•f  the  war.  In  1872  he  was  ordained  a 
clergyman  in  the  united  brethren  church, 
and  followed  that  calling  for  twelve 
years.  He  has  been  a  delegate  several 
times  to  the  Kansas  congressional  con 
ventions;  and  in  1892  was  a  republican 
candidate  for  the  legislature.  He  has 
filled  the  editor's  chair  on  several  Kan 
sas  newspapers;  and  contributed  exten 
sively  to  the  periodical  press  and  several 
of  his  poems  have  been  incorporated  in 
standard  works. 

BURKS,  EDWARD  C.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  May  20,  1821.  In 
1842  he  graduated  from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  university  of  Virginia.  Dur 
ing  1861-63  he  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  state  legislature.  In  1876  he 
was  elected  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  appeals.  He  was  president  of  the  Vir 
ginia  State  Bar  association;  and  in  1895 
became  editor-in-chief  of  the  Virginia 
Law  Register.  He  died  July  4,  1897,  in 
Bedford  City,  Va.,  which  is  in  the  county 
of  his  birth. 

BURLEIGH.  CHARLES,  physician, 
genealogist,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1855,  in 
Lewiston,  Maine.  This  eminent  physician 
is  the  author  of  the  Burleigh  and  Guild 
Genealogies,  and  a  prolific  contributor  to 
historical  and  genealogical  publications. 

BURLEIGH,  CHARLES  C.,  abolitionist, 
lawyer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
10,  1810,  in  Plainfield,  Conn.  He,  with  his 
brother,  edited  an  abolitionist  newspaper 
called  The  Unionist.  He  was  one  of  the 
earliest  advocates  of  women's  rights  and 
of  liberalism  in  religion,  as  he  was  also 
of  temperance  principles,  in  behalf  of 
which  he  spoke  frequently.  He  was  the 
author  of  Thoughts  on  the  Death  Penal 
ty  (1845),  and  a  tract  on  the  Sabbath, 
which  advanced  anti-Sabbatarian  views. 
He  died  June  14.  1878,  in  Florence,  Mass. 

BURLEIGH,  EDWIN  C.,  state  legisla 
tor,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1843,  in 
Linneus,  Maine.  In  1885  he  was  elected 
treasurer  of  the  state  of  Maine;  re-elected 
in  1887;  and  in  1888  was  elected  its  gov 
ernor. 


BURLEIGH,  GEORGE  SHEPARD,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  26,  1821,  in  Plain- 
field,  Conn.  He  is  the  author  of  Anti- 
Slavery  Hymns;  The  Maniac  and  Other 
Poems;  and  Signal  Fires,  or  The  Trail  of 
The  Pathfinder. 

BURLEIGH,  HENRY  G.,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  June  2,  1832, 
in  Canaan,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature  in  1875;  was 
elected  a  representative,  from  New  York, 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress  without  op 
position;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress. 

BURLEIGH,  JOHN  H.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1832,  in 
South  Berwick,  Maine.  He  commanded 
a  ship  on  foreign  voyages  seven  years; 
left  the  sea  in  1853  and  engaged  in  man 
ufacturing.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives  in  1862, 
1864,  1866,  and  1872;  delegate-at-large  to 
the  national  republican  convention  at 
Baltimore  in  1864;  and  was  elected  to  tue 
forty-third  and  forty-fourth  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

BURLEIGH,  WALTER  A.,  congress 
man,  was  a  delegate  from  the  territory  of 
Dakota  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress,  and 
re-elected  to  the  fortieth  congress. 

BURLEIGH,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Rockingham,  N. 
H.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  South  Berwick,  Maine,  for  two 
terms,  from  1823  to  1827.  He  died  in 
July,  1827. 

BURLEIGH,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1812,  in 
Woodstock,  Conn.  He  is  an  anti-slavery 
journalist  of  Hartford  and  elsewhere  who 
won  some  notice  as  a  poet.  He  died 
March  18,  1871,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BURLESON,  RUFUS  COLUMBUS,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  Aug. 
7,  1823,  near  Decatur,  Ala.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Nash 
ville  university  and 
the  Western  Baptist 
Theological  insti 
tute.  After  gradu 
ating  in  1847  he  im 
mediately  became 
pastor  of  the  First 
baptist  church  of 
Houston,  Tex.  Af 
ter  three  years  of 
eminent  success,  he 
was  elected  presi 
dent  of  Baylor  uni 
versity,  which  position  he  has  filled  for 
nearly  half  a  century.  Only  two  men  in 
the  United  States  have  held  the  responsi 
ble  position  as  long  as  Dr.  Burleson.  He 
has  instructed  over  eight  thousand  stu 
dents,  male  and  female,  many  of  whom 
now  occupy  the  most  eminent  positions 
in  Texas  and  the  adjoining  states.  He  has 
preached  and  lectured  on  education  in 
every  town  and  city  in  Texas;  and  al 
though  seventy-five  years  of  age  he  toils 
every  day,  and  enjoys  vigorous  health. 

BURLESON,  SOLOMON  S.,  lawyer, 
missionary,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1833,  in 
Cortland,  N.  Y.  He  studied  medicine  un 
der  his  father;  taught  school;  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1855.  In  1858  he 
moved  to  Wabasha,  Minn.,  where  he  pub 
lished  the  Minnesota  Patriot,  and  the 
North  Pepin  Independent;  and  also  suc 
cessfully  practiced  law,  and  became  dis 
trict  attorney.  In  1862  he  entered  holy 
orders  and  became  missionary  to  the 
Oneida  Indians,  in  northern  Wisconsin. 
He  died  in  1896. 

BURLING.  GILBERT,  painter,  was 
born  in  1843.  He  excelled  in  studies  of 
game  birds.  He  died  in  1875. 


1.4 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BURLINGAME,  ANSON,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  14, 
1820,  in  New  Berlin,  N.  Y.  In  1852  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate;  in  1853  was 
a  member  of  the  convention  for  revising 
the  constitution  of  Massachusetts;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  thir 
ty-fourth,  thirty-fifth,  and  thirty-sixth 
congresses.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
minister  to  Austria,  and  subsequently  to 
China,  and  in  1867  accepted  a  diplomatic 
appointment  from  China  to  the  European 
powers,  as  well  as  to  the  United  States. 
He  died  Feb.  23,  1870,  in  St.  Petersburg, 
Russia. 

BURLINGAME,  EDWARD  LIVER- 
MORE,  journalist,  author,  was  born  May 
30,  1848,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  traveled 
extensively  in  Japan  and  China  in  1866, 
and  afterward  in  Europe.  He  was  on  the 
editorial  staff  of  the  New  York  Tribune 
in  1871,  and  on  that  for  the  revision  of 
the  American  Cyclopaedia  in  1872-76.  In 
1879  he  became  connected  editorially  with 
the  publishing  house  of  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons,  New  York,  and  in  1886  was  appoint 
ed  editor  of  its  new  magazine.  He  has 
translated  and  edited  Art  Life  and  Theo 
ries  of  Richard  Wagner. 

BURLINGAME,  JAMES  MONTGOM 
ERY,  lawyer,  legislator,  author,  was  born 
March  24,  1836,  in  Sterling,  Conn.  He 
was  educated  in  the  Plainfield  academy, 
Connecticut,  and  the  university  of  Michi 
gan.  During  1862-64  he  taught  in  the  Al 
bany  female  seminary;  in  1864-66  served 
in  the  federal  army;  and  in  1866  he  be 
came  editor  of  the  Illinois  Tribune  of 
Decatur.  During  1872-82  he  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  in  Minnesota;  city  attor 
ney  of  Owatonna  during  1872-80.  In  1885 
he  became  a  member  of  the  Minnesota 
state  legislature. 

BURNAP,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  30, 
1802,  in  Merrimack,  N.  H.  He  was  a  uni- 
tarian  clergyman  of  Baltimore;  promi 
nent  as  a  controversialist;  and  was  the 
author  of  Popular  Objections  to  Unitarian 
Christianity  Considered;  What  is  a  Uni 
tarian;  Lectures  to  Young  Men;  Lectures 
on  the  History,  of  Christianity;  and 
Christianity,  its  Essence  and  Evidence. 
He  died  Sept.  8,  1859,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BURNELL,  BARKER,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Nantucket, 
Mass.  When  only  twenty-two  years  of 
age  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  in  his  native  common 
wealth;  and  a  few  years  later  passed  into 
the  senatorial  body,  where,  in  spite  of  his 
youth,  he  became  a  leading  member.  He 
sat  also  in  the  convention  which  framed 
the  present  constitution  of  Massachu 
setts;  took  an  active  part  in  the  Harris- 
burg  convention  of  1840;  and  served  as  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died  June 
4,  1843,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BURNELL,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  in  December.  1838,  in  St. 
Albans,  Vt.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the 
union  army,  taking  part  in  the  numerous 
engagements  of  the  armies  of  the  Po 
tomac  and  James,  as  sergeant,  lieutenant 
and  captain.  In  1865  he  moved  to 
Oshkosh,  Wis.,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  the  law,  and  was  for  several 
terms  district  attorney  of  Winnebago 
county.  He  was  appointed  to  the  circuit 
judgeship  by  Governor  Rusk  in  1884. 

BURNES,  DANIEL  DEE,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1851,  in  Ring- 
gold.  Mo.  He  was  elected  to  the  flfty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

BURNES,  JAMES  NELSON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  22, 


•e  SBM.  9H  'PUI  '^junoo  UBSapw  ut  'g 
presidential  elector  in  1856;  circuit  attor 
ney  in  1857;  and  in  1868  was  unanimously 
elected  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas,  and  served  four  years.  He  then 
engaged  in  railroad  construction  and 
other  business;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

BURNET,  DAVID  G.,  Texan  politician, 
was  born  April  4,  1789,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
In  1836  he  gave  over  the  government  of 
Texas  into  the  hands  of  Houston,  the 
constitutionally  elected  president.  He 
was  afterward  elected  vice-president,  and, 
after  the  admission  of  Texas  into  the  un 
ion,  lived  in  retirement  near  the  battle 
field  of  San  Jacinto.  He  remained  in  the 
south  during  the  civil  war,  and  at  its 
close  was  elected,  in  1866,  to  the  United 
States  senate  from  Texas,  but  congress 
refused  to  admit  him.  After  that  he  re 
sided  in  retirement  on  his  plantation  near 
Houston.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1870,  in  Galves- 
ton,  Texas. 

BURNET,  JACOB,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  22,  1770,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  legislative  council  of 
Ohio  in  1799.  In  1821  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Ohio,  which  commission  he  resigned  in 
December,  1828,  and  was  immediately  af 
terward  elected  to  the  senate  of  the 
United  States,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  serving 
until  1831.  He  was  the  first  president  of 
the  Astronomical  Society  of  Cincinnati, 
and  was  for  many  years  the  president  gf 
the  Colonization  Society  of  Hamilton 
county.  In  1847  he  published  a  volume 
entitled  Notes  on  the  Early  Settlement 
of  the  Northwestern  Territory,  which 
contained  much  interesting  information, 
especially  as  to  Ohio,  the  progress  of 
which  he  witnessed  from  a  territory.  He 
died  May  10,  1853,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

BURNET,  ROBERT,  agriculturist,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1762,  in  Little 
Briton,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war  and  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  major.  He  died  Dec.  1,  1854. 

BURNET,  WILLIAM,  colonial  gov 
ernor,  was  born  March,  1688,  in  Holland. 
He  was  governor  of  Massachusetts  from 
1725  to  1729.  He  died  Sept.  7,  1729. 

BURNET,  WILLIAM,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1730,  in  Eliz 
abeth,  N.  J.  He  held  at  different  times 
various  offices  in  the  state  government, 
was  elected  to  congress  under  the  confed 
eration  in  1776;  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  in  1780-81;  and  surgeon-general  of 
the  eastern  district  of  the  United  States 
from  1776  till  the  close  of  the  revolution 
ary  war.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1791,  in  Newark, 
N.  J. 

BURNETT,  CYNTHIA  S.,  educator, 
temperance  reformer,  was  born  May  1, 
1840,  in  Hartford,  Ohio.  She  studied  four 
years  in  the  Western  Reserve  seminary, 
graduating  therefrom  in  1868.  She  then 
taught  Latin  in  the  Orwell  Norman  insti 
tute,  and  three  years  later  filled  the  chair 
of  languages  in  Beaver  college.  She  has 
since  become  a  popular  lecturer  and  or 
ganizer  in  the  cause  of  temperance.  She 
is  now  preceptress  in  the  Farmington  col 
lege,  of  Ohio. 

BURNETT,  E.,  congressman,  was  born 
March  16,  1849,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

BURNETT,  EDWIN  CLARK,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1854,  in  Mansfield, 
Ohio.  In  1884  he  moved  to  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
where  he  soon  established  a  large  and 
lucrative  practice. 


BURNETT,  MRS.  FRANCES  ELIZA 
(HODGSON),  author,  was  born  Nov.  24, 
1849,  in  England.  She  is  a  popular  writer 
of  fiction,  whose  first  successful  book  was 
That  Lass  o'  Lowrie's,  a  powerful  tale  of 
Lancashire  life.  Her  other  works,  of 
varying  degrees  of  excellence,  include 
Earlier  Stories,  first  and  second  series; 
Haworth;  A  Fair  Barbarian;  Through 
One  Administration;  Louisiana;  Esmer- 
alda;  Vagabondia,  Surly  Tim,  and  Other 
Stories;  The  Pretty  Sister  of  Jose;  A 
Lady  of  Quality.  As  a  writer  for  young 
people  her  success  has  been  very  marked; 
and  besides  Little  Lord  Fauntleroy,  the 
most  popular  of  all  her  books,  her  juven 
ile  writings  comprise  Sara  Crewe;  Pic- 
cino  and  Other  Child  Stories;  Little  Saint 
Elizabeth;  Two  Little  Pilgrims'  Progress; 
Giovanni  and  the  Other;  and  The  One  I 
Knew  the  Best  of  All,  an  autobiographic 
tale. 

BURNETT,  FRANK  C.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  March  19, 
1842,  in  Wyoming,  Pa.  He  enlisted  in  the 
fifty-second  Pennsylvania  volunteers; 
was  promoted,  and,  after  serving  through 
the  peninsular  campaign,  was  discharged 
in  1863,  on  a  surgeon's  certificate  of  dis 
ability.  He  was  in  mercantile  pursuits 
from  1864  to  1869;  then  engaged  in  bank 
ing;  and  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  forty-second  congress  to  fill  a  vacan 
cy. 

BURNETT,  HENRY  CLAY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1825, 
in  Essex  county,  Va.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  thirty-fourth  and  thirty- 
fifth,  thirty-sixth  and  thirty-seventh  con 
gresses.  He  was  expelled  for  treasonable 
conduct  in  1861,  and  took  part  in  the  re 
bellion.  He  died  Oct.  1,  1866,  in  Hopkin- 
ton,  Ky. 

BURNETT,  JAMES  G.,  poet,  was  born 
in  1868,  in  New  York.  He  was  the  author 
of  Love  and  Laughter,  a  collection  of 
poems.  He  died  in  1893. 

BURNETT,  JAMES  KENNEDY,  or- 
chardist,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  24, 
1862,  in  San  Louis,  Cal.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  and  attended  the  university  of 
the  Pacific  and  the  university  of  Southern 
California.  He  is  a  successful  orchardist 
of  Paso  Robles,  Cal.;  was  a  delegate  of 
the  people's  party  to  the  national  conven 
tion  of  1896;  and  in  1897  served  with  dis 
tinction  in  the  thirty-second  session  of  the 
state  assembly  of  the  California  legisla 
ture. 

BURNETT,  JOHN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  July  4,  1831,  in  Pike 
county,  Mo.  He  has  had  a  varied  and 
successful  career  as  a  lawyer;  has  de 
fended  at  different  times  thirty  different 
men  charged  with  the  crime  of  muruer, 
none  of  whom  were  hung,  and  only  five 
convicted  of  any  offense.  He  has  been 
county  judge,  circuit  judge,  supreme  court 
judge,  and  served  with  distinction  as  a 
state  senator  of  the  Oregon  legislature, 
taking  an  active  part  on  some  of  the  most 
important  committees. 

BURNETT,  PETER  HARDEMAN,  law 
yer,  governor,  author,  was  born  Nov.  15, 
1807,  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  was  a  Cal 
ifornia  lawyer,  who  was  the  first  gov 
ernor  of  that  state.  He  was  also  a  judge 
of  the  United  States  court  for  the  terri 
tory  of  Oregon.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Path  Which  Led  a  Protestant  Law 
yer  to  the  Catholic  church;  The  Amer 
ican  Theory  of  Government;  Recollec 
tions  and  Opinions  of  an  Old  Pioneer; 
and  Reasons  Why  We  Should  Believe  in 
God.  He  died  in  1895. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


175 


BURNETT,  SAWN  MOSES,  physician, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  March  16,  1847, 
in  New  Market,  Tenn.  In  1878  he  found 
ed  the  eye  and  ear  clinic  at  the  Central 
Dispensary,  and  became  ophthalmic  and 
aural  surgeon  to  the  Garfleld  hospital. 
He  was  president  of  the  Medical  society  of 
the  District  of  Columbia.  He  is  a  noted 
lecturer,  and  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  Treatise  on  Astigmatism. 

BURNETT,  WALDO  IRVING,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  July  12,  1828,  .in 
Southborough,  Mass.  He  was  a  natural 
ist  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  The  Cell, 
its  Physiology,  Pathology,  and  Philos 
ophy.  He  died  July  1,  1854,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

BURNETT,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  graduated  at  Princeton  college  in  1749, 
and  was  a  delegate  from  New  Jersey  to 
the  continental  congress  in  1780  and  1781. 
He  died  in  1791. 

BURNEY,  STANFORD  GUTHRIE,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1814,  in  Tennessee.  He  is  a  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  divine,  and  professor  of 
systematic  theology  at  Cumberland  uni 
versity.  He  is  the  author  of  Treatise  on 
Elocution;  Baptismal  Regeneration: 
Atonement  and  Law  Reviewed;  Chart  of 
Duty;  Soteriology;  Studies  in  Moral  Sci 
ence;  Studies  in  Psychology;  and  Studies 
in  Theology. 

BURNHAM,  ALFRED  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  March  8,  1819,  In 
Windham,  Conn.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Connecticut  legislature  in  1844  and  1845; 
was  subsequently  appointed  judge  of  pro 
bate  for  the  district  of  Danbury;  and  in 
1850  was  again  elected  to  the  state  legis 
lature.  In  1857  he  was  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Connecticut;  and  in  1858  was 
again  elected  to  the  legislature,  and  made 
speaker.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Connecticut  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  thir 
ty-seventh  congress. 

BURNHAM,  BENJAMIN  F.,  educator, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  2, 
1831,  in  Sharon,  Vt.  He  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  college;  was  judge  advocate, 
New  Orleans,  La.;  and  judge  of  the  muni 
cipal  court  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer,  educator,  and  law  and 
theological  author. 

BURNHAM,  MRS.  CLARA  LOUISE, 
author,  was  born  May  25,  1854,  in  Newton, 
Mass.  She  is  the  author  of  No  Gentle 
men;.  A  Sane  Lunatic;  Dearly  Bought; 
Next  Door;  Young  Maids  and  Old;  The 
Mistress  of  Beech  Knoll;  Miss  Bagg's  Sec 
retary,  a  West  Point  Romance;  Dr.  Lat- 
imer,  a  story  of  Casco  Bay;  Sweet  Clover; 
and  The  Wise  Woman. 

BURNHAM,  CURTIS  F..  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  financier,  was  born  May  24, 
1820,  in  Richmond,  Ky.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature;  and  in  1852  was 
a  presidential  elector.  In  1875  he  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  secretary  of  the  treas 
ury. 

BURNHAM,  FREDERICK  A.,  lawyer, 
was  born  Jan.  7,  1851,  in  Burrillville,  R.  I. 
He  has  attained  success  as  a  noted  law 
yer  of  New  York  city. 

BURNHAM,  GORDON  WEBSTER, 
manufacturer,  was  born  March  20,  1803,  in 
Hampton,  Conn.  He  became  president  of 
the  Waterbury  Clock  Co.,  the  Waterbury 
Watch  Co.,  the  Waterbury  Brass  Co.,  and 
the  American  Pin  Co.  In  1876  he  pre 
sented  to  New  York  city  a  heroic  bronze 
statue  of  Webster  by  Thomas  Ball,  which 
was  erected  in  Central  park.  His  own 
monument  in  Greenwood,  built  some 
years  prior  to  his  death,  is  one  of  the  fin 
est  in  the  cemetery.  He  died  March  18, 
1885,  in  New  York  city. 


BURNHAM,  HIRAM,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Maine.  At  the  second  battle  of  Fred- 
ericksburg  he  distinguished  himself  for 
bravery  and  courage,  and  again  at  Get 
tysburg.  In  April,  1864,  he  was  made 
brigadier-general,  and  during  the  cam 
paign  from  the  Wilderness  to  Petersburg 
he  bore  a  conspicuous  part.  He  was  killed 
in  battle  Sept.  29,  1864. 

BURNHAM,  JAMES  C.,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1820,  in  New  York.  After  the 
fall  of  Colonel  Baxter  he  commanded  the 
regiment  at  the  storming  of  Chapultepec, 
was  promoted  to  be  lieutenant-colonel 
Sept.  27,  1847,  and  led  the  regiment 
through  the  several  battles  around  the 
city  of  Mexico,  distinguishing  himself  in 
the  attack  on  the  Belen  gate.  After  the 
war  Colonel  Burnham  was  city  marshal 
of  New  York  under  Mayor  Wood,  and  was 
a  prominent  politician  for  several  years. 
He  died  Sept.  2,  1866,  in  New  York. 

BURNHAM,  JOHN  HOWARD,  soldier, 
journalist,  bridge  builder,  was  born  Oct. 
31,  1834,  in  Essex,  Mass.  He  was  captain 
in  company  A,  thirty-third  Illinois  volun 
teer  infantry,  during  the  civil  war.  In 
1864  he  was  superintendent  of  public 
schools  at  Bloomington,  111.,  where  for 
several  years  he  was  the  editor  of  the 
Pantagraph.  As  a  bridge  contractor  he 
has  been  instrumental  in  the  building  of 
some  of  the  largest  bridges  in  Illinois 
and  the  West. 

BURNHAM,  MICHAEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  28,  1839,  in  Essex, 
Mass.  This  eminent  congregational  cler 
gyman  is  now  pastor  of  the  Pilgrim 
church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  numerous  pamphlets  and  orations. 

BURNHAM,  SAMUEL,  author,  was 
born  in  1833,  in  Rindge.  N.  H.  He  wrote 
the  history  of  East  Boston,  several  small 
volumes  for  the  American  tract  society 
on  natural  history,  was  one  of  the  editors 
of  the  Congregationalist,  literary  editor 
of  the  Watchman  and  Reflector,  a  corre 
spondent  for  periodicals,  edited  Charles 
Sumner's  works,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  had  nearly  completed  a  history  of 
the  Old  South  church  of  Boston.  He  died 
June  22,  1873,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BURNHAM,  SARAH  MARIA,  author, 
was  born  in  1818,  in  Chester,  Vt.  She  is 
the  author  of  Limestones  and  Marbles, 
their  History  and  Uses;  Struggles  of  the 
Nations;  and  Pleasant  Memories  of  For 
eign  Travel;  and  other  works. 

BURNHAM,  SHERBURNE  W.,  astron 
omer,  author,  was  born  in  1838,  in  Ver 
mont.  He  was  astronomer  at  Lick  Ob 
servatory  from  its  foundation  to  1892; 
and  is  now  connected  with  Yerkes'  Ob 
servatory  and  the  university  of  Chicago. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  scientific 
works,  and  has  contributed  valuable  pa 
pers  to  current  magazines. 

BURNHAM,  THOMAS  BROWNELL, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1866,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  director  in  the 
Benedict  and  Burnham  Manufacturing 
Co.,  Holmes,  Booth  and  Haydens,  brass 
manufacturers,  and  The  Waterbury 
Watch  Co.,  all  of  Waterbury,  Conn.  He 
is  also  a  large  stockholder  and  director 
in  The  Sixth  Avenue  railroad  of  New 
York  city. 

BURNHAM,  VICTOR  C.,  farmer,  lawyer, 
public  official,  was  born  April  23,  1851,  in 
Wayne  county,  Mich.  He  graduated  from 
the  university  of  Michigan.  He  has 
served  as  mayor  of  Rogers  City;  has  been 
city  attorney;  circuit  court  commissioner; 
and  prosecuting  attorney  of  Alpena  coun 
ty.  He  has  served  as  city  attorney  and 
city  judge  of  Alpena;  and  also  as  United 
States  commissioner. 


BURNS,  JAMES  AUSTIN,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1840,  in 
Oxford,  Maine.  In  August,  1861,  he  en 
tered  the  United  States  volunteer  service 
as  lieutenant  in  the  seventh  Connecticut 
infantry,  and  was  promoted  to  be  cap 
tain  in  1862.  Subsequent  to  the  war  he 
settled  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  where  he  has  fol 
lowed  the  profession  of  civil  engineering 
and  also  filled  the  chair  of  chemistry  in 
the  Southern  Medical  college  in  Atlanta. 
He  has  published  a  series  of  Juxtaliuear 
Translations  of  the  Classics. 

BURNS,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  Sept. 
5,  1793,  in  Burlington,  N.  J.  He  was 
among  the  first  to  volunteer  for  the  war 
of  1812;  was  present  in  the  actions  at 
Plattsburg,  Queenstown  and  Lundy's. 
Lane,  in  which  last-named  engagement  he 
was  one  of  Colonel  Miller's  regiment  that 
captured  the  British  battery  in  the  cen 
ter  and  turned  the  tide  in  favor  of  the 
Americans.  He  volunteered  promptly  for 
the  war  with  Mexico,  and  again  for  the 
civil  war.  He  died  Feb.  7,  1872,  in  Get 
tysburg,  Pa. 

BURNS,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  jurist,  was  born  March  11,  1825,  in 
Lawrence  county,  Ky.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  state  legislature, 
state  senator,  and  circuit  court  judge,  em 
bracing  seven  counties.  A  good  portion 
of  his  time  was  spent  in  the  revenue 
service  of  the  government,  and  in  public 
speaking  on  national  and  political  is 
sues. 

BURNS,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
born  March  11,  1800,  in  Waynesborough, 
Va.  He  was  elected  from  the  state  of 
Ohio  a  representative  in  the  thirty-fifth 
congress. 

BURNS,  ROBERT,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  Hampshire. 
He  served  three  years  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  as  senator  and  representative;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1833  to  1837.  He 
died  June  20,  1866,  in  Plymouth,  N.  H. 

BURNS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  railroad 
president,  was  born  in  July,  1848,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  Since  1890  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Montana  Union  railway  at 
Butte,  Mont. 

BURNS,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  soldier, 
was  born  Sept.  3,  1825,  in  Coshocton, 
Ohio.  From  1843  till  1847  he  was  a  cadet 
at  the  United  States  military  academy. 
Joining  the  third  infantry  after  gradu 
ation,  he  served  through  the  war  with 
Mexico,  and,  after  ten  years  of  frontier, 
garrison  and  recruiting  service,  received 
a  staff  appointment  as  captain  and  com 
missary  of  subsistence. 

BURNSIDE,  AMBROSE  EVERETT, 
general,  manufacturer,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  May  23,  1824,  in 

Liberty,      Ind.        He 

served  with  credit 
on  the  frontier  as  an 
officer  of  artillery; 
and  in  1853  resigned 
his  commission  and 
turned  his  attention 
to  the  manufacture 
of  guns,  and  invent 
ed  the  rifle  which 
bears  his  name. 
During  the  whole 
progress  of  the  civil 
war  his  services  as 
a  general  will  always  be  treasured  in  the 
military  history  of  his  country.  In 
1866  he  was  elected  governor  of  Rhode 
Island;  and  in  1875  took  his  seat  in  the 
senate  of  the  United  States  for  the  term 
ending  in  1881.  He  died  Sept.  3,  1881,  in 
Bristol,  R.  I. 


176 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BURNSIDE,  JOHN,  planter,  was  born 
about  1800,  in  Ireland.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  the  largest  sugar-planter 
in  the  United  States.  About  1852  he  began 
to  invest  money  in  sugar  lands,  and 
eventually  owned  ten  of  the  finest  planta 
tions  in  the  sugar  district  of  Louisiana, 
and  the  finest  residence  in  New  Orleans. 
In  spite  of  the  loss  of  more  than  two 
thousand  slaves,  he  was  among  the  first 
to  try  sugar-planting  with  free  labor  on 
a  large  scale,  and  his  success  had  much 
influence  in  re-establishing  the  broken 
industries  and  credit  of  the  south.  He 
died  June  29,  1881,  in  White  Sulphur 
Springs,  Va. 

BURNSIDE,  THOMAS,  jurist,  congress 
man.  He  was  an  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1815  to  1816,  when  he  resigned. 
He  died  March  25,  1827,  in  Germantown, 
Va. 

BURNZ.  ELIZA  B.,  educator,  was  born 
Oct.  31,  1823,  in  England.  For  three  years 
she  conducted  classes  in  New  York  at  the 
Mercantile  library;  and  from  1872  to  1889 
instructed  the  free  evening  classes  at 
Cooper  union,  which  were  established 
solely  at  her  instigation.  She  was  the  or 
ganizer  of  the  League  for  Short  Spelling, 
and  is  now  its  president. 

BURR.  AARON,  clergyman,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1716,  in  Fairfield, 
Conn.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman, 
and  was  president  of  Princeton  college. 
He  married  a  daughter  of  Jonathan  Ed 
wards,  and  his  son  was  the  noted  Vice- 
president  Aaron  Burr.  His  Latin  Gram 
mar  was  long  in  use  at  Princeton  as  the 
Newark  Grammar.  His  only  other  work 
was  The  Supreme  Divinity  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ.  He  died  Sept.  24,  1757. 

BURR,  AARON,  soldier,  statesman, 
vice-president  of  the  United  States,  was 
born  Feb.  6,  1756,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  In 
1777  he  was  ap 
pointed  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  distin 
guished  himself  as 
an  able  and  brave 
officer.  He  was  ap 
pointed  attorney- 
general  of  New  York 
in  1789;  and  from 
1791  to  1797  was  a 
member  of  the 
United  States  sen 
ate.  At  the  election 
of  president  of  the 
United  States  for  the  fourth  presidential 
term  Thomas  Jefferson  and  Aaron  Burr 
had  each  seventy-three  votes,  and  the 
choice  was  decided  by  congress,  on  the 
thirty-sixth  ballot,  in  favor  of  Jefferson 
for  president  and  Burr  for  vice-president. 
On  the  12th  of  July.  1804,  Colonel  Burr 
gave  Alexander  Hamilton,  long  his  pro 
fessional  rival  and  political  opponent,  a 
mortal  wound  in  a  duel.  He  died  Sept. 
14,  1836,  on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

BURR,  ALBERT  G.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1829,  in  Illinois. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  legislature 
in  1861;  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1862;  and  author 
of  the  address  to  the  people  accompanying 
the  constitution.  He  was  re-elected  in 
1863;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  fortieth  and  forty- 
first  congresses.  In  1877  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  seventh  circuit  of  the  state, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1879  for  the  full 
term  of  six  years.  He  died  June  10,  1882, 
in  Carrollton,  111. 


BURR,  ALFRED  E.,  journalist,  was 
born  March  27,  1815,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
In  1841  he  became  the  sole  owner  and  pro 
prietor  of  The  Times  of  Hartford,  Conn. 
BURR,  CLEMENT  FRANKLIN,  farmer, 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1849,  in 
Worthington,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful 
farmer;  has  held  numerous  public  of 
fices  of  trust  in  his  native  city;  and  has 
served  with  distinction  as  a  representa 
tive  in  the  general  court  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  state  legislature. 

BURR,  ENOCH  FITCH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1818,  in  Green's 
Farms,  Conn.  He  has  been  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  of 
Lyme,  Conn.,  since 
1850;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  Pater  Mundi; 
Ad  Fidem;  Doctrine 
of  Evolution;  Ecce 
Ccelum;  Sunday 
Afternoons  for  Little 
People;  About  Spir 
itualism;  Toward 
the  Strait  Gate;  Ecce 
Terra;  Work  in  the 
Vineyard;  From 
Dark  to  Day;  Facts 

in  Aid  of  Faith;  Celestial  Empires;  Uni 
versal  Beliefs:  Long  Ago  as  Interpreted 
by  the  19th  Century;  Tempted  to  Unbe 
lief;  Dio  the  Athenian;  The  Voyage,  and 
Other  Poems;  and  Aleph,  the  Chaldean. 
BURR,  GEORGE  LINCOLN,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  in  1857,  in  New 
York.  He  has  been  a  professor  of  his 
tory  at  Cornell  university  since  1892;  and 
is  the  author  of  The  Literature  of  Witch 
craft;  The  Fate  of  Dietrick  Flade;  and 
Charlemagne. 

BURR,  HENRY  AARON,  manufacturer, 
inventor,  was  born  in  1810,  in  Canaan.  N. 
Y.  In  1845  he  began  to  experiment  with 
hat-making  machines,  finally  obtaining 
a  patent  and  beginning  the  manufacture 
of  hats.  His  invention  was  eminently  suc 
cessful,  giving  him  a  virtual  monopoly  of 
the  industry  until  his  patents  expired  in 
1872.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1884,  in  New  York. 
BURR,  PORTER  WILEY,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1852,  in  Mercer, 
Maine.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Griswold  college  and  the  Iowa  state  uni 
versity.  He  has  attained  prominence  as 
a  successful  lawyer  of  Charles  City,  Iowa; 
has  served  with  distinction  as  city  attor 
ney  and  mayor  of  that  city.  He  has  also 
been  judge  of  the  twelfth  judicial  district 
of  Iowa;  and  takes  a  prominent  part  in 
public  affairs. 

BURR,  THEODOSIA,  was  born  in  1783, 
in  New  York  city.  After  her  mother's 
death  in  1794  Theodosia  became  mistress 
of  her  father's  house  and  the  companion 
of  his  leisure  hours.  On  Feb.  2,  1801,  she 
married  Joseph  Alston,  a  wealthy  and 
talented  young  planter  of  South  Carolina, 
who  in  after  years  became  governor  of 
his  native  state.  The  devotion  of  Theo 
dosia  to  her  father  approached  idolatry; 
through  all  the  disasters  of  his  career  she 
clung  to  him  with  unshaken  fidelity.  She 
and  her  husband  were  cognizant  of  her 
father's  scheme  to  become  emperor  of 
Mexico;  her  son  was  to  be  the  heir  to  the 
throne,  and  when  Burr  was  brought  to 
trial  at  Richmond  his  daughter  was  there, 
and,  by  the  power  of  her  beauty  and  in 
tellectual  graces,  did  much  to  stay  the  tor 
rent  of  popular  indignation  and  secure  a 
favorable  verdict.  She  died  at  sea,  in 
January,  1813. 

BURR,  WILLARD,  musician,  composer, 
was  born  Jan.  7,  1852,  in  Ravenna,  Ohio. 
He  is  a  noted  physician  of  Boston,  Mass.; 
and  the  composer  of  much  chamber  music, 
numerous  piano  pieces,  and  songs. 


BURR,  WILLIAM  HUBERT,  civil  engi 
neer,  author,  was  born  in  1851,  in  Con 
necticut.  He  is  a  civil  engineer  of  promi 
nence;  and  has  been  professor  of  engi 
neering  at  Columbia  college  since  1893. 
He  is  the  author  of  Stresses  in  Bridge  and 
Roof  Trusses;  The  Theory  of  the  Mason 
ry  Arch;  and  Elasticity  and  Resistance 
of  the  Materials  of  Engineering. 

BURRAGE,  HENRY  SWEETSER,  sol 
dier,  clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  7,  1837,  in  Fitchburg,  Mass.  He 
is  the  editor  of  Zion's  Herald,  Portland, 
Maine;  and  the  author  of  Brown  Univer 
sity  in  the  Civil  War;  The  Act  of  Bap 
tism  in  the  History  of  the  Christian 
Church;  History  of  the  Anabaptists  in 
Switzerland;  History  of  Baptists  in  New 
England;  History  of  the  37th  Massa 
chusetts  Regiment;  and  Baptist  Hymn 
Writers  and  their  Hymns. 

BURRALL,  WILLIAM  PORTER,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  railroad  president,  was 
born  in  1806,  in  Canaan,  Conn.  He  prac 
ticed  law  in  his  native  town  until  October, 
1839,  when  he  was  chosen  president  of 
the  Housatonic  Railroad  company,  and  re 
moved  to  Bridgeport,  Conn.  He  removed 
to  Salisbury,  Conn.,  in  1859;  subsequently 
represented  that  town  several  times  ir. 
the  general  assembly;  and  was  also  a 
member  of  the  state  senate.  He  died 
March  3,  1874,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

BURRELL,  JONATHAN,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1753.  In  1776  he  joined  the  north 
ern  army  under  Schuyler.  His  talents 
soon  procured  him  the  appointment  of 
assistant  paymaster.  He  was  afterward 
assistant  postmaster-general;  and  cashier 
of  the  United  States  branch  bank  of  New 
York.  He  died  Nov.  18,  1834,  in  Goahon, 
N.  Y. 

BURRELL,  J.  M.,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed  a  judge 
of  the  United  States  court  for  the  terri 
tory  of  Kansas. 

BURRELL,  ORLANDO,  soldier,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Bradford  coun 
ty,  Pa.  He  raised  a  company  of  cavalry 
in  1861;  was  elected  captain  of  it,  and 
joined  the  first  regiment  Illinois  cavalry. 
He  was  elected  county  judge  in  1873,  and 
re-elected  in  1877;  and  was  elected  sheriff 
in  1886.  His  occupation  has  been  farming 
and  stock  raising.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BURRILL,  ALEXANDER  MANS- 
FIELD,  jurist,  author,  was  born  in  1807, 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  noted  New  York 
jurist;  and  the  author  of  Practice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  York;  Law  Dic 
tionary  and  Glossary;  Law  and  Practice 
of  Voluntary  Assignments;  and  Circum 
stantial  Evidence.  He  died  Feb.  7,  1869, 
in  Kearney,  N.  J. 

BURRILL,  JAMES,  statesman,  was  born 
April  25,  1772,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He 
was  attorney-general  of  Rhode  Island 
from  1797  till  1813.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  in  1813,  speaker  in  1814, 
and  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  in  1816.  He  was  chosen  United 
States  senator  in  1817;  but  died  before 
the  expiration  of  his  term.  He  died  Dec. 
25,  1820,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BURRILL,  THOMAS  JONATHAN,  nat 
uralist,  was  born  April  25,  1839,  in 
Pittsfield,  Mass.  From  1877  till  1884 
he  was  dean  of  the  American  A«o- 
ciation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science; 
and  in  1885-86  president  of  the  Ameri 
can  Society  of  Microscopists.  He  edited 
the  biennial  reports  of  the  uni\  ersicy 
of  Illinois  during  the  years  1874  to 
1886,  and  has  written  many  papers  and 
pamphlets,  among  which  are  The  Bac 
teria;  and  the  Uredineae,  or  Parasitic 
Fungi  of  Illinois. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


177 


BURRITT,  ELIHU,  reformer,  linguist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1811,  in  New 
Britain,  Conn.  He  was  a  famous  linguist 
who  was  called  The  Learned  Blacksmith, 
from  the  fact  that  much  of  his  education 
was  obtained  while  working  at  the  forge 
in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  was  a  noted 
peace  reformer,  and  was  for  some  years 
consul  at  Birmingham.  Few  of  his  writ 
ings  have  the  literary  quality  to  any  ex 
tent,  and  they  form  rather  dry  reading. 
He  was  the  author  of  Sparks  from  the  An 
vil;  A  Voice  from  the  Forge;  Peace  Pa 
pers  for  the  People;  Olive  Leaves; 
Thoughts  of  Things  at  Home  and  Abroad; 
Hand-book  of  the  Nations;  A  Walk  from 
John  O'Groat's  to  Land's  End;  The  Mis 
sion  of  Great  Sufferings;  Walks  in  the 
Black  Country;  Lectures  and  Speeches; 
Ten-Minute  Talks;  Chips  from  Many 
Blocks;  and  Prayers  and  Devotional  Med 
itations.  He  died  March  9,  1879,  in  New 
Britain,  Conn. 

BURRITT,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  25, 
1772,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  attor 
ney-general  of  the  state  of  Rhode  Island 
from  1797  to  1813;  was  a  member  and 
speaker  of  the  assembly  in  1814;  was  chief 
justice  of  the  state  in  1816  and  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  in  1816.  He 
died  Dec.  25,  1820,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

BURROUGHS,  CHARLES,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1787,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  for  thirty  years 
president  of  the  New  Hampshire  insane 
asylum  and  was  for  nearly  forty  years  an 
nually  elected  president  of  the  Portsmouth 
athenaeum.  He  was  elected  in  1842  corre 
sponding  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
historical  society,  and  was  president  of 
the  general  theological  library  of  Boston 
from  its  establishment  until  his  death.  He 
published  Memoirs  of  Horace  B.  Morse 
(1829),  and  The  Poetry  of  Religion,  and 
Other  Poems.  He  died  March  5,  1868,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

BURROUGHS,  GEORGE  STOCKTON, 
clergyman,  educator,  college  president, 
was  born  Jan.  6,  1855,  in  Waterloo,  N.  Y. 
This  eminent  minister  and  educator  was 
professor  of  biblical  literature  in  Am- 
herst  college  from  1886-92,  when  he  was 
elected  president  of  Wabash  college  of 
Crawfordsville,  Ind.  He  is  a  director  of 
the  American  Institute  of  Hebrew,  and  of 
the  American  Institute  of  Sacred  Litera 
ture. 

BURROUGHS,  JOHN,  author,  poet, 
was  born  April  3,  1837,  in  Roxbury,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  noted  essayist  of  New  York,  whose 
keen,  sympathetic  studies  of  nature  have 
been  very  popular  both  in  America  and 
England.  He  is  the  author  of  Wake-Rob 
in;  Winter  Sunshine;  Birds  and  Poets; 
Locusts  and  Wild  Honey;  Pepacton; 
Fresh  Fields;  Signs  and  Seasons;  In 
door  Studies;  Riverby;  Whitman:  A 
Study. 

BURROUGHS,  JOHN  CURTIS,  educa 
tor,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1818,  in  Stamford, 
N.  Y.  In  1855  he  began  a  movement  in 
the  interests  of  higher  education,  which 
resulted  in  the  establishment,  in  1857,  of 
the  university  of  Chicago.  In  1856  he  ac 
cepted  the  presidency  of  the  university 
of  Chicago,  which  he  resigned  in  1874. 
Soon  afterward  he  was  appointed  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Chicago  board  of  education, 
and  in  18S4  he  was  elected  assistant  su 
perintendent  of  public  schools  in  that  city. 

BURROUGHS,  SILAS  M.,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  New  York. 
He  served  four  years  in  the  legislature  of 
that  state;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth 
congresses.  He  died  June  3,  1860,  in  Me 
dina,  N.  Y. 
12 


BURROWES.  GEORGE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  3,  1811,  in 
Trenton,  N.  J.  He  is  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  of  San  Francisco,  and  professor  of 
Hebrew  in  the  Presbyterian  seminary 
there.  He  is  the  author  of  Commentary 
on  the  Song  of  Solomon;  Octorara,  a  Po 
em,  and  Occasional  Pieces;  and  Advanced 
Growth  in  Grace. 

BURROWS,  DANIEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Groton,  Conn.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Connecticut 
from  1821  to  1823. 

BURROWS,  JOSEPH  H.,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  May  15,  1810, 
in  England.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  from  1870  to  1874,  and 
from  1878  to  1880.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
seventh  congress. 

BURROWS,  JULIUS  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  9,  1837,  in  North  East,  Pa.  He  was 
an  officer  in  the  union  army  in  1862-64; 
and  prosecuting  attorney  of  Kalamazoo 
county  in  1865-67.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  forty-third,  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses;  and 
elected  a  delegate  at  large  from  Michigan 
to  the  national  republican  convention  at 
Chicago  in  1884.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses,  twice  elected  speaker  pro  tern- 
pore  of  the  house  of  representatives  dur 
ing  the  fifty-first  congress,  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  house  in  1895  to 
assume  the  office  of  United  States  sena 
tor  from  Michigan  for  term  expiring  in 
1899. 

BURROWS,  LANSING,  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  born  April  10,  1843,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  editor  of  the 
American  Baptist  Year  Book;  is  one  of  the 
leading  pulpit  orators  of  the  country;  and 
has  won  repute  as  a  powerful  minister  in 
the  best  churches  of  the  north  and  south. 

BURROWS,  LORENZO,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1849  to  1853;  and  in  1855  was  elect 
ed  comptroller  of  New  York. 

BURRUS,  JOHN  HOUSTON,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1849,  near  Mur- 
freesboro,  Tenn.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  private  schools  and  at  the  Fisk 
university.  He  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of  Nashville,  Tenn.  Dur 
ing  1877-79  he  was  an  instructor  in  the 
Fisk  university  and  during  1883-93  was 
president  of  the  Ahorn  A.  and  M.  col 
lege  of  Rodney,  Miss. 

BURT,  ARMISTEAD,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1802,  in  Edgefield, 
S.  C.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1843  to 
1853;  and  during  a  part  of  the  thirtieth 
congress  officiated  as  speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  New  York  convention  of  1868.  He 
died  Oct.  30,  1883,  in  Abbeville,  S.  C. 

BURT,  FRANCIS,  governor,  was  born 
in  1809  in  Pendleton,  S.  C.  He  was  ap 
pointed  third  auditor  of  the  treasury  by 
President  Pierce,  but  resigned  that  office 
in  1854  to  accept  the  governorship  of  Ne 
braska.  He  died  Oct.  18,  1854,  in  Belle- 
vue,  Neb. 

BURT,  GRINNELL.  railroad  president, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1822,  in  Bellvale,  N.  Y. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Lehigh  and 
Hudson  railroad  and  the  Cincinnati,  Van 
Wert  and  Michigan  railroad.  He  has 
been  identified  with  many  projects  for 
bridging  the  Hudson,  and  has  held  many 
responsible  public  positions. 


BURT,  MARY  ELIZABETH,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 
She  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  educa 
tion  in  Chicago  for  three  years.  She  is 
the  author  of  Literary  Landmarks;  Sto 
ries  from  Plato  and  other  Classic  Writers. 

BURT,  NATHANIEL  CLARK,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  23,  1825,  in 
Fairton,  N.  J.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Ohio;  and  was  the  author 
of  Hours  Among  the  Gospels;  The  Far 
East;  and  The  Land  and  Its  Story,  the 
Sacred  Geography  of  Palestine.  He  died 
March  4,  1874,  in  Rome,  Italy. 

BURT,  WILLIAM  A.,  surveyor,  was 
born  June  13,  1792,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 
He  became  United  States  deputy  surveyor 
and  in  1840-47  surveyed  northern  Mich 
igan.  He  originated  the  idea  of  the  solar 
compass;  and  also  introduced  important 
improvements  in  geological  surveying.  He 
was  a  judge  of  the  Michigan  circuit  court 
and  member  of  the  legislature  for  sev 
eral  terms,  and  was  chief  mover  in  the 
construction  of  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie  canal. 
He  died  Aug.  18,  1858. 

BURTON,  ASA,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  25,  1752,  in  Stonington,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman, 
pastor  at  Thetford,  Vt.,  for  more  than 
fifty  years;  and  was  the  author  of  Essays 
on  Some  of  the  First  Principles  of  Meta 
physics,  Ethics,  and  Theology.  He  died 
May  1,  1836,  in  Tbetford,  Vt. 

BURTON,  CHARLES  GERMMAN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was 
born  April  4,  1846,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  company  C,  nine 
teenth  Ohio  infantry,  and  was  a  corporal 
in  company  A,  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
first  Ohio  National  guards,  during  the  one 
hundred  days'  campaign  of  1864.  He  moved 
to  Nevada,  Mo.,  in  1871;  has  been  circuit 
attorney  and  judge  of  the  twenty-fifth  cir 
cuit;  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  repub 
lican  convention  at  Chicago  in  1884;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress 
as  a  republican.  In  1893  he  was  depart 
ment  commander  of  Missouri  G.  A.  R. 

BURTON,  ERNEST  DE  WITT,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1856  in  Ohio. 
He  is  a  professor  of  sacred  literature  in 
the  university  of  Chicago;  and  the  author 
of  Records  and  Letters  of  the  Apostolic 
Age;  Syntax  of  Moods  and  Tenses  in  New 
Testament  Greek;  and  A  Harmony  of  the 
Four  Gospels. 

BURTON,  FREDERICK  RUSSELL, 
composer,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1861,  in 
Jonesville,  Mich.  He  held  editorial  posi 
tions  on  leading  newspapers  in  Boston, 
Troy  and  Fall  River,  and  for  five  years 
was  a  reporter  for  the  New  York  Sun.  In 
1889  he  went  to  England  and  became  as 
sistant  editor  of  the  London  edition  of  the 
New  York  Herald.  He  returned  to  New 
York  in  1892  and  has  since  devoted  him 
self  to  writing  fiction  and  composing 
music. 

BURTON,  GEORGE  DEXTER,  inven 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1855,  in  Temple, 
N.  H.  He  is  the  inventor  of  the  Burton 
stock  car;  inventor  and  president  of  the 
American  Electric  Forge  company,  oper 
ating  the  Burton  Electric  Liquid  system 
of  heating  and  working  metals  and  ores. 
He  has  lectured  upon  the  subject  of  Heat 
ing  and  Working  Metals  by  Electricity  be 
fore  the  Harvard  Lecture  club  of  the  Jeff 
erson  physical  laboratory  of  the  Harvard 
college;  before  the  Franklin  institute  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.;  before  the  Society  of 
Arts  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology;  and  various  other  learned 
scientific  bodies.  His  liquid  process  of 
heating  and  welding  by  an  electric  cur 
rent  has  been  successfully  adopted. 


178 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BURTON,  GEORGE  W.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  July  22,  1836,  in  Lawrence 
county,  Ind.  He  was  one  of  the  origina 
tors  of  the  South  Central  and  Normal 
school  of  Mitchell,  Ind.  He  served  with 
distinction  during  the  civil  war;  and 
served  on  the  medical  staff. 

BURTON,  HENRY  S.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1818  in  New  York.  He  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  in  1865  for  services  at 
the  capture  of  Petersburg.  He  died  April 

4,  1869,  in  Fort  Adams,  R.  I. 

BURTON,  HUTCHINS  G.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  Granville 
county,  N.  C.  In  1810  he  represented 
Mecklenburg  in  the  state  legislature,  and 
in  1816  the  county  of  Halifax.  For  several 
years  he  was  attorney-general  of  the 
state;  and  served  as  a  representative  in 
congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1819 
to  1824.  He  was  elected  governor  of 
North  Carolina  from  1824  to  1827.  He 
died  April  21,  1836,  in  Iredell  county, 
N.  C. 

BURTON,  JOHN  E.,  miner,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  1847,  in  New  Hartford,  N.  Y.  He 
originated  the  American  Fiber  company, 
which  aims  to  produce  merchantable  fiber 
from  every  form  of  vegetable  which  con 
tains  fiber,  and  became  the  chief  promoter 
of  the  Aguan  Navigation  and  Improve 
ment  company,  whose  object  is  to  connect 
the  Aguan  River  with  the  Caribbean  sea. 

BURTON,  LEWIS  WILLIAM,  bishop  of 
Lexington,  Ky.,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1852,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  From  April  13,  1884, 
until  July  15,  1893,  he  was  rector  of  St. 
John's  church,  Richmond,  Va. 

BURTON,  RICHARD  EUGENE,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1859  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  is  a  journalist  of 
Hartford,  Conn.;  and  the  author  of  Dogs 
and  Dog  Literature;  Dumb  in  June,  and 
Other  Poems;  Memorial  Day  and  Other 
Poems;  and  Men  of  Progress. 

BURTON,  ROBERT,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1747,  in  Mecklenburg 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  planter,  removed 
to  Granville  about  1775,  and  served  in  the 
revolutionary  army,  attaining  the  rank 
of  colonel.  From  1787  till  1788  he  was  a 
member  of  congress  under  the  confeder 
ation.  In  1801  he  was  a  member  of 
a  commission  to  fix  the  boundary  be 
tween  the  Carolinas  and  Georgia.  He  died 
April  10,  1825,  in  Granville  county,  N.  C. 

BURTON,  THEODORE  E.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1851,  in  Jeff 
erson,  Ohio.  He  began  the  practice  of 
law  at  Cleveland  in  1875.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  fifty-first  congress,  but  was  de 
feated  for  re-election  in  1890;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BURTON,  WARREN,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  13,  1800,  in  Wilton,  N.  H.  He  was 
an  educational  writer  of  Boston;  and  the 
author  of  Cheering  Views  of  Man  and 
Providence;  My  Religious  Experience  at 
my  Native  Home;  The  Divine  Agency  in 
the  Material  Universe;  Uncle  Sam's  Rec 
ommendations  of  Phrenology;  The  Dis 
trict  School  as  it  Was;  Helps  to  Educa 
tion;  Culture  of  the  Observing  Faculties 
in  the  Family  and  School;  and  Scenery 
Showing.  He  died  June  6,  1866,  in  Salem 
Mass. 

BURTON.  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  in  Delaware.  He  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  that  state  in  1859,  holding  che 
office  until  1863. 

BURTON,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  w:is 
born  Sept.  5,  1874,  in  England.  Since 
1895  he  has  filled  pastorates  in  Wilmot, 

5.  D.;    and    in    the     First     Presbyterian 
church  of  Langford,  in  that  state. 


BURTON,  WILLIAM  EVANS,  actor,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1804,  in  Lon 
don,  England.  He  was  a  popular  comedian 
of  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  The 
Actor's  Alloquy;  Waggeries  and  Vagaries; 
and  Cyclopaedia  of  Wit  and  Humor.  He 
died  Feb.  10,  1860,  in  New  York. 

BURUM,  PETER  GROVE,  merchant, 
financier,  was  born  June  13,  1839,  in 
Blount  county,  Tenn.  He  is  president  of 
the  Commercial  bank;  president  of  the 
Augusta  Steamboat  company;  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Augusta  Exchange;  and  treas 
urer  of  the  Augusta  opera  house. 

BURWELL,  WILLIAM  A.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Virginia  from  1806  to  1821.  He  died 
Feb.  16,  1821,  in  Washington  City. 

BUSCH,  CARL,  musician,  was  born 
March  29,  1862,  in  Denmark.  He  is  a 
leading  musician  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.; 
and  for  five  seasons  he  has  conducted  the 
Kansas  City  Orchestral  and  Choral  socie 
ty.  His  orchestral  suite  Reverie  Pastor 
ale,  which  was  played  at  the  Music  Teach 
ers'  National  association  concerts  in  De 
troit,  at  once  put  him  in  the  front  rank 
of  American  composers. 

BUSCHE,  CHARLES  F.,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1857,  in 
Germany.  He  came  to  America  in  1860, 
and  since  1864  has  resided  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  where  he  is  a  wholesale  baker  and 
president  of  the  Confectioner  and  Baker 
Publishing  company.  In  1888  he  was 
elected  to  the  Missouri  state  senate;  was 
re-elected  in  1892,  and  again  in  1896. 

BUSBY,  GEORGE  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  July  10,  1794,  in  Darstown,  Pa. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1851  to  1853. 

BUSENBARK,  W.  R.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  March,  1855,  in  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.  Since  1894  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Suwanee  River  railway. 

BUSEY,  SAMUEL  THOMPSON,  soldier, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  16, 
1835,  in  Greencastle,  Ind.  He  was  first 
sergeant  and  first  lieutenant  of  the  Urbana 
Zouaves  in  1861-62;  was  town  collector  in 
1862;  was  commissioned  second  lieuten 
ant  in  the  recruiting  service  by  Gov.  Yates 
in  June,  1862,  and  helped  to  organize  the 
seventy-sixth  Illinois  volunteer  infantry, 
and  became  colonel  and  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general.  He  was  mayor  and 
president  of  the  board  of  education  of 
Urbana  in  1880-89;  organized  Busey's 
bank  in  1867,  and  conducted  its  business 
twenty-one  years.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

BUSH,  ASAHEL,  merchant,  banker, 
was  born  June  4,  1824,  in  Westfleld,  Mass. 
He  is  now  one  of  the  most  extensive  land 
proprietors  in  America.  He  is  connected 
with  banks  in  Portland,  Seattle  and  Ta- 
coma;  is  controlling  owner  of  the  First 
National  bank  of  Salem,  and  has  a  large 
interest  in  mills  in  Oregon  City  and  Port 
land.  In  1851  he  began  the  publication  of 
The  Oregon  Statesman  in  Salem,  an  in 
fluential  paper  of  the  early  days. 

BUSH,  CHARLES  PLATTE,  state  sen 
ator,  lieutenant-governor,  was  born  March 
18,  1809,  in  Danby,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
Michigan;  four  years  a  member  of  the 
legislature;  four  years  a  member  of  the 
state  senate;  and  lieutenant-governor  of 
the  state  of  Michigan.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector;  delegate  to  several  demo 
cratic  national  conventions;  the  leader  of 
the  movement  that  located  the  capital  of 
Michigan  at  Lansing;  and  one  of  the 
original  platters  of  that  city.  He  died 
July  4,  1857,  in  Lansing,  Mich. 


BUSH,  EDWARD  A.,  clergyman,  was 
born  June  5,  1839,  in  Canada.  In  1864  he 
was  rector  of  St.  Francis  college,  Lo- 
retto,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  until  1868, 
when  he  was  called  to  St.  Michael's  semi 
nary.  He  became  rector  of  St.  Peter's 
church  of  Allegheny,  Pa.,  in  1894;  and 
soon  after  promoted  to  the  vicar  general 
ship  of  the  diocese. 

BUSH,  GEORGE,  theologian,  author, 
was  born  June  12,  1796,  in  Norwich,  Vt. 
He  was  a  Swedenborgian  clergyman  and 
a  professor  of  Hebrew  in  the  university 
of  New  York.  Beside  Commentaries  on 
Genesis,  Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers, 
Joshua,  Judges,  and  the  Psalms,  his  writ 
ings  include  Life  of  Mohammed;  New 
Church  Miscellanies;  Priesthood  and 
Clergy  Unknown  to  Christianity;  Mes- 
mer  and  Swedenborg;  Treatise  on  the 
Millennium;  and  The  Resurrection  of 
Christ.  He  died  Sept.  19,  1859,  in  Roches 
ter,  N.  Y. 

BUSH,  ISAAC  W.,  educator,  merchant, 
business  man,  was  born  April  20,  1835,  in 
Danby,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Michigan  State  Normal  school. 
He  has  traveled  extensively  throughout 
America  and  British  Columbia;  and  is 
now  a  successful  merchant  of  Howell, 
Mich.,  where  he  has  been  supervisor,  jus 
tice  of  the  peace,  postmaster  and  commis 
sioner  of  schools  for  his  county.  He  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Detroit  and 
Lansing  Railroad  company,  of  which  he 
was  director  and  secretary  of  the  board 
of  directors.  He  received  the  democratic 
nomination  for  state  senator. 

BUSH,  J.  O.  A.,  journalist,  legislator, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1854,  in  Pike  county, 
Ark.  He  is  a  successful  journalist  of 
Prescott,  Ark.,  served  with  distinction  in 
the  thirty-first  general  assembly  of  Ar 
kansas,  and  was  the  author  of  the  law 
passed  by  that  body  to  build  state  rail 
roads. 

BUSH,  JAMES  S.,  physician,  legislator, 
was  born  Feb.  8,  1816,  in  New  York.  He 
practiced  medicine  in  Scottsville,  La.; 
represented  his  district  a  number  of  years 
in  the  state  legislature;  and  helped  to 
pass  the  ordinance  of  secession.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army  as  a  surgeon,  and 
died  in  1867  at  Trenton,  La. 

BUSH,  JOSEPH,  artist,  was  born  in 
1793  in  Franklin,  Ky.  His  most  noted 
paintings  are  those  of  Zachary  Taylor, 
Gov.  John  Adair,  Dr.  Benj.  W.  Dudley 
and  Judge  Thomas  B.  Moore.  He  died 
Nov.  11,  1865,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 

BUSH,  NORTON,  artist,  was  born  Feb. 
22,  1834,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  Most  of  his 
life  has  been  spent  in  San  Francisco.  He 
was  elected,  in  1877,  director  of  the  San 
Francisco  Art  association,  of  which  he 
had  been  a  member  since  1874,  and  was 
president  of  the  Sacramento  Bric-a-Brac 
club  from  1879  till  1882.  Among  his 
works  are  Mount  Diablo,  and  City  of  Pan 
ama.  His  Summit  of  the  Sierras  is  in 
the  Crocker  gallery,  Sacramento,  and  his 
Lake  Nicaragua  in  the  Stanford  gallery 
of  San  Francisco. 

BUSH,  RUFUS  T.,  merchant,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  in  Tompkins  county, 
N.  Y.  He  attained  success  as  a  noted 
merchant  of  Chicago;  donated  the  Hall 
Memorial  library,  supplied  with  more 
than  one  thousand  volumes,  to  Ridgeway, 
Mich.;  and  wrote  a  short,  pithy  volume 
of  European  travels.  He  died  Sept.  15, 
1890,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BUSH,  STEPHEN,  clergyman,  was  born 
May  30,  1818,  in  Nassau,  N.  H.  In  1853 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  of  Cohoes,  N.  Y.;  and  in  1868-74 
was  pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church  of 
Green  Island,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


179 


BUSHMAN,  M.  V.,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  28,  1867,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  at 
tended  the  Gettysburg  college,  and  grad 
uated  from  the  Law  University  of  Mary 
land.  For  two  years  he  practiced  law  in 
Hagerstown,  Md.,  and  then  moved  to  Ne 
vada,  Iowa,  where  he  has  attained  success 
in  his  profession. 

BUSHNELL,  ALLEN  RALPH,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
July  18,  1833,  in  Hartford,  Ohio.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
in  the  Hartford  High 
school,  and  at  the 
Oberlin  and  Hiram 
colleges.  In  1861  he 
entered  the  union 
army  and  served  as 
captain  of  company 
C,  seventh  regiment 
Wisconsin  volunteer 
infantry,  Iron  brig 
ade.  He  has  been 
district  attorney  of 
Grant  county,  Wis., 
and  United  States  attorney  for  we'stern 
district  of  Wisconsin.  He  has  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Wisconsin  state  legisla 
ture,  and  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sec 
ond  congress.  In  congress  his  speeches 
on  silver  and  tariff  questions  were  used 
as  campaign  documents  in  the  presidential 
elections  of  1892  and  1896.  He  especial 
ly  endeavored  to  have  the  United  States 
constitution  amended  to  elect  senators  by 
a  direct  vote  of  the  people. 

BUSHNELL,  ASA  SMITH,  soldier,  man 
ufacturer,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  16, 
1834,  in  Rome,  N.  Y.  He  served  througn 
the  civil  war.  He  has  been  president 
since  1886  of  the  Warder,  Bushnell  and 
Glessner  Co.  Champion  mowers  and 
binders  are  manufactured  by  the  com 
pany,  and  the  factory  is  one  of  the  lar 
gest  industries  in  Springfield,  Ohio,  cover 
ing  over  sixty  acres  of  ground  and  em 
ploying  more  than  one  thousand  work 
men.  In  1886  Mr.  Bushnell  was  appointed 
quartermaster-general  of  Ohio  for  four 
years,  on  the  staff  of  Gov.  Foraker.  He 
is  president  of  the  First  National  bank 
and  the  Springfield  Gas  Light  and  Coke 
company.  He  is  the  fortieth  governor  of 
Ohio,  being  elected  to  that  high  office  in 
November,  1895. 

BUSHNELL,  CHARLES  IRA,  author, 
was  born  July  28,  1826,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  an  antiquarian  writer  of  New 
York  city,  among  whose  works  are 
Crumbs  for  Antiquarians;  and  Adventures 
of  Sir  Christopher  Hawkins  (edited).  He 
died  in  1883  in  New  York  city. 

BUSHNELL,  CORNELIUS  S.,  inventor 
and  railroad  constructor,  was  bosn  in 
1829.  He  won  fame  through  his  connec 
tion  with  John  Ericsson  in  the  construc 
tion  of  the  Monitor.  During  the  war  he 
built  more  ships  for  the  government  than 
any  other  man,  in  his  ship-yard  at  Fair 
Ha\  en,  where  he  and  Ericsson  built  the 
Puritan  and  the  Dictator.  Later,  when  he 
turned  his  attention  to  railroads,  he 
helped  construct  the  Union  Pacific.  He 
died  April  6,  1897,  in  New  York  city. 

BUSHNELL,  DAVID,  soldier,  inventor, 
was  born  in  1742  in  Saybrook,  Conn.  Dur 
ing  his  college  course  he  matured  plans 
that  led  to  the  production  of  what  may 
be  called  the  earliest  of  torpedoes.  He  in 
vented  several  other  machines  for  the  an 
noyance  of  the  British  shipping.  He 
served  continuously  during  the  war,  at 
taining  the  rank  of  captain  in  the  corps 
of  sappers  and  miners,  and  was  on  duty  at 
New  York,  Hudson  Highlands,  Philadel 
phia,  Yorktown,  and  elsewhere.  He  died 
in  1824  in  Warrenton,  Ga. 


BUSHNELL,  HENRY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1824,  in  Granville, 
Ohio.  This  eminent  educator  and  clergy 
man  is  the  author  of  History  of  Granville, 
Ohio;  and  Following  the  Star. 

BUSHNELL,  HORACE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  14,  1802,  in  Litchfield 
county,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Hartford,  who  was  one  of 
the  foremost  thinkers  in  his  denomina 
tion.  He  was  a  fearless  reasoner,  and  his 
literary  style  exhibits  both  clearness  and 
beauty.  He  was  the  author  of  Christian 
Nurture;  God  in  Christ;  Christ  in  The 
ology;  The  Vicarious  Sacrifice;  Politics 
the  Law  of  God;  Nature  and  the  Super 
natural;  Moral  Uses  of  Dark  Things,  his 
ablest  work;  Sermons  for  the  New  Life; 
Sermons  on  Living  Subjects;  Forgiveness 
and  Law;  The  Age  of  Homespun;  Woman 
Suffrage;  Moral  Tendencies  and  Results 
of  Human  History;  Building  Eras  in  Re 
ligion;  The  Character  of  Jesus;  Work  and 
Play;  and  Christ  and  His  Salvation.  He 
died  Feb.  17,  1876,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

BUSHNELL,  WILLIAM,  physician, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1800, 
in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  became  inter 
ested  in  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  and 
Western  railroad,  and,  when  the  enter 
prise  was  threatened  with  failure,  devoted 
eight  years  to  superintending  the  building 
of  the  road,  securing  the  right  of  way, 
and  raising  the  capital.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1849  and  suc 
ceeding  years,  and  assisted  in  passing  the 
Ohio  school  law.  In  1878  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  international  congress  for 
prison  reform  at  Stockholm. 

BUSHNELL,  WILLIAM  H.,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  June  4,  1823,  in 
Hudson,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  Bio 
graphical  Sketches  of  the  Early  Settlers 
of  Chicago;  The  Hermit  of  the  Colorado 
Hills,  a  Story  of  the  Texan  Pampas;  and 
Ah  Meek  the  Beaver,  or  The  Copper 
Hunters  of  Lake  Superior. 

BUSIEL,  CHARLES  ALBERT,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1842,  in  Mere 
dith,  N.  H.  He  served  with  distinction 
as  governor  of  New  Hampshire  during 
1895-97.  He  resided  in  Laconia;  and  his 
portrait  hangs  in  the  new  library  build 
ing  of  the  state  capitol. 

BUSKIN,  JAMES  H.,  journalist,  was 
born  Feb.  17,  1845,  in  Atlanta,  Ga.  He 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  confederate 
army.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the 
Journal  of  Scotland,  S.  D.,  in  which  city 
he  has  served  as  mayor  for  two  terms. 
He  has  been  sheriff  of  his  county,  and 
filled  various  other  public  positions  of 
honor. 

BUSKIRK,  CLARENCE  A.,  lawyer,  po 
et,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1842,  in  Friendship, 
N.  Y.  For  two  terms  he  served  as  attor 
ney-general  of  In 
diana,  and  has  a  lu 
crative  practice  in 
Princeton.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  Indiana,  and 
many  valuable  arti 
cles  and  papers  have 
been  contributed  to 
law  literature  by  this 
able  lawyer.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  A  Cavern 
for  a  Hermitage,  a 
poem  of  some  length.  The  story  is  ingen 
ious,  the  meditations  are  deeply  philo 
sophical,  which,  together  with  the  rich 
ness  of  its  rhythm,  proves  very  interest 
ing,  and  is  a  valuable  acquisition  to 
American  literature. 


BUSKIRK,  GEORGE  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  10,  1829,  in  Monroe  coun 
ty,  Ind.  He  practiced  law  until  he  was 
elected,  in  1856,  judge  of  the  common 
pleas. 

BUSSEY,  CYRUS,  soldier,  merchant, 
was  born  Oct.  5,  1833,  in  Hubbard,  Ohio. 
In  1858  he  was  elected  as  a  democrat  to 
the  Iowa  state  senate.  In  1861  he  en 
tered  the  military  service  in  the  civil  war, 
and  rose  to  the  rank  of  major-general. 

BUSTEED,  RICHARD,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1822,  in  Cavan, 
Ireland.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  brig 
adier-general  of  volunteers  by  President 
Lincoln.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Lincoln  to  be  United  States  dis 
trict  judge  for  Alabama. 

BUSTEED,  WILLIAM  W.,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  in  Denton,  Md.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  legislature  in 
1886  and  1890;  was  mayor  of  Centreville, 
Md.,  for  ten  years;  and  editor  of  The  Ob 
server  of  that  city. 

BUTE,  GEORGE  HERING,  physician, 
was  born  May  27,  1792,  in  Germany.  He 
located  in  Philadelphia,  and  in  two  years 
he  built  up  a  large  practice  as  the  second 
homceopathist  in  the  city.  He  made  many 
important  contributions  to  homoeopathy 
He  died  Feb.  13,  1876,  in  Nazareth. 

BUTLER,  ANDREW  PICKENS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  19,  1796,  in  South  Carolina.  He  be 
came  a  member  of  the  legislature  when 
quite  a  young  man;  and  in  1835  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the  general 
sessions  of  common  pleas,  which  office  he 
held  until  1847,  when  he  was  appointed 
to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  United  States 
senate.  He  was  subsequently  elected  and 
re-elected  to  the  same  position,  and  was 
in  this  office  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
died  May  25,  1857,  near  Edgefield,  S.  C. 

BUTLER,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1795, 
in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.  In  1821  he  was  ap 
pointed  district  attorney  for  the  city  of 
Albany;  in  1827  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature;  was  attorney-general;  and  in 
1836-37  officiated  as  secretary  of  war.  In 
1845  he  was  a  presidential  elector;  and 
was  subsequently  twice  appointed  United 
States  attorney  for  the  southern  district 
of  New  York.  He  died  Nov.  8,  1858,  in 
Paris,  France. 

BUTLER,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
general,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Nov.  5,  1818,  in  Deerfield,  N.  H. 
In  1853  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legis 
lature;  in  1859  was 
elected  to  the  state 
senate;  and  in  1860 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
Charleston  conven 
tion.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  a  briga 
dier-general,  and  en 
tered  actively  into 
the  war  movements. 
,  Before  the  close  of 
that  year  he  was 
made  a  major-general,  serving  as  such  in 
New  Orleans  and  various  other  portions  of 
the  rebellious  states.  At  the  conclusion  of 
the  rebellion  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
law  in  Lowell;  in  1866  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
fortieth  congress;  was  one  of  the  man 
agers  of  the  impeachment  trial  of  An 
drew  Johnson;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-first,  forty-second,  forty-third  and 
forty-fifth  congresses.  In  1882  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Massachusetts;  and 
also  served  his  country  as  United  States 
senator.  He  died  Jan.  11,  1893,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 


180 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      >F    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BUTLER,  CALEB,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  13,  1776,  in  Pelham,  N.  H. 
He  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1800, 
studied  law  in  Groton,  and  was  the  prin 
cipal  instructor  of  the  Groton  academy 
for  eleven  years.  He  published  a  Masonic 
oration;  Facts  as  to  Affairs  in  Groton; 
Review  Reviewed;  and  History  of  Groton. 
He  died  Oct.  7,  1854,  in  Groton,  Mass. 

BUTLER,  CHARLES,  philanthropist, 
college  president,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1802, 
in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.  In  1835  he  was  one 
of  the  founders  and  incorporators  of  the 
Union  Theological  seminary  in  New  York 
city,  and  was  made  its  president.  In  1S89 
he  endowed  a  chair  of  biblical  theology 
in  that  seminary  in  the  sum  of  $100,000, 
in  the  memory  of  Prof.  Edward  Robin 
son,  the  eminent  biblical  scholar. 

BUTLER,  CHESTER,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  March, 
1798,  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.  He  served  three 
terms  in  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1845  to  1850.  He  died 
Oct.  5,  1850,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BUTLER,  CLEMENT  MOORE,  theolo 
gian,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1810,  in 
Troy,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  episcopalian  cler 
gyman  of  the  evangelical  type,  and  pro 
fessor  of  ecclesiastical  history  in  the  Epis 
copal  Divinity  school  of  Philadelphia  in 
1864-84.  He  was  the  author  of  Book  of 
Common  Prayer  Interpreted  by  its  His 
tory;  Old  Truths  and  New  Errors;  The 
Flock  Fed;  St.  Paul  in  Rome;  Inner 
Rome;  Manual  of  Ecclesiastical  History 
from  the  First  to  the  Eighteenth  Cen 
tury;  and  The  Reformation  in  Sweden.  He 
died  March  5,  1890,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 

BUTLER,  CYRUS,  philanthropist,  was 
born  in  1767.  He  gave  $40,000  to  endow 
the  Butler  hospital  for  the  insane  at 
Providence.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1849,  in 
Providence,  R.  I. 

BUTLER,  DAVID,  governor.  He  was 
elected  the  first  governor  of  the  state  of 
Nebraska  in  1867,  and  served  one  year. 

BUTLER,  EZRA,  was  born  in  Septem 
ber,  1763,  in  Vermont.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Vermont  assembly  eleven  years; 
first  judge  of  the  Chittendon  county  court 
from  1803  to  1806,  and  chief  justice  from 
1806  to  1811.  He  was  chief  justice  of 
Jefferson  county  from  1814  to  1826;  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1813  to 
1815;  member  of  the  Vermont  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1822  and  governor  of 
that  state  from  1826  to  1828,  making  fifty- 
three  years  of  public  service.  He  died 
July  12,  1838,  in  Waterbury,  Vt. 

BUTLER,  FREDERICK,  author,  was 
born  in  1766.  He  was  a  writer  of  Hart 
ford,  Conn.;  and  the  author  of  History 
of  the  United  States  to  1820;  The  Farm 
er's  Manual;  and  Memorial  of  Lafayette 
and  his  Tour  in  the  United  States.  He  died 
in  1843. 

BUTLER,  GEORGE  BERNAND,  artist, 
was  born  Feb.  8,  1838,  in  New  York  city. 
Since  1883  he  has  been  engaged  principal 
ly  in  portraiture.  111^1873  he  was  elected 
a  National  academician.  His  paintings 
include  The  Shepherd  and  Dogs  on  the 
Campagna;  The  Capri  Rose,  purchased  by 
Alexander  T.  Stewart;  The  Lace-Maker; 
An  Italian  Peasant;  and  several  striking 
groups  of  animals. 

BUTLER,  HENRY,  educator,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  17,  1843,  in  Pontiac,  Mich. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  district, 
Union  and  State  Normal  schools  of  Ypsl- 
lanti,  Mich.  For  nearly  ten  years  he  taught 
school;  has  been  superintendent  of 
schools  and  justice  of  the  peace.  He  prac 
tices  law  in  Waverly,  Va. ;  and  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  in 
that  state. 


BUTLER,  JAMES  DAVIE,  educator,  lec 
turer,  was  born  March  15,  1815,  in  Rut 
land,  Vt.  He  held  the  chair  of  ancient 
languages  in  Wabash  college,  Ind.,in  1854- 
58,  and  in  the  university  of  Wisconsin  in 
1858-67.  Since  then  he  has  devoted  him 
self  to  lecturing  and  occasional  preach 
ing.  His  best  known  lectures  are  The 
Architecture  of  St.  Peter's;  Prehistoric 
Wisconsin;  The  Hapax  Legomena  in 
Shakespeare;  and  Commonplace  Books. 

BUTLER,  JAMES  GLENTWORTH, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1821  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  New  York;  and  the  author  of 
The  Bible  Work,  an  extended  scriptural 
commentary;  and  The  Fourfold  Gospel. 

BUTLER,  JOHN  GEORGE,  clergyman, 
orator,  was  born  in  1826,  in  Cumberland, 
Md.  In  1849  he  accepted  a  call  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  St.  Paul  English  Lutheran 
church  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  in  which 
city  his  ministry  of  over  forty  years  has 
been  spent.  In  1867  he  was  elected  chap 
lain  of  the  house  of  representatives;  and 
in  1886  he  was  chosen  chaplain  of  the 
senate.  He  is  widely  known  as  a  pulpit 
orator,  a  successful  pastor  and  influential 
member  of  the  general  synod  of  the  Evan 
gelical  Lutheran  church. 

BUTLER,  JOHN  JAY,  theologian,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  9,  1814,  in  Berwick. 
Maine.  He  is  a  free  baptist  clergyman  of 
Michigan;  and  has  been  professor  of  sa 
cred  literature  in  Hillsdale  college  since 
1873.  He  is  the  author  of  Natural  and 
Revealed  Theology;  and  Commentary  on 
the  Gospels. 

BUTLER,  JOSIAH,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1780  in  Rocking- 
ham  county,  N.  H.  He  was  repeatedly 
elected  to  the  state  legislature  and  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  in  1817-23;  and  was  then 
appointed  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
New  Hampshire,  which  position  he  held 
until  the  office  was  abolished.  He  died 
Oct.  9,  1854,  in  Deerfield. 

BUTLER,  LOU  GREER,  artist,  poet, 
was  born  Feb.  4,  1855,  in  Santa  Rosa, 
Cal.  She  has  attained  success  in  crayon, 
pastel  and  landscape  drawing  and  paint 
ing,  and  for  many  years  was  proprietor 
of  a  photographic  establishment.  She 
has  contributed  both  prose  and  verse  to 
the  periodical  press,  and  several  of  her 
poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  stan 
dard  works. 

BUTLER,  MANN,  author.  He  emigrated 
to  Kentucky  in  1806,  and  published  a  His 
tory  of  Kentucky.  He  died  in  November, 
1835,  in  Missouri,  in  consequence  of  a 
railroad  accident. 

BUTLER,  MARION,  journalist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  May  20,  1863,  in 
Sampson  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate 
in  1890;  was  the 
leader  of  the  Alli 
ance  forces  in  that 
body  and  succeeded 
in  bringing  about  a 
number  of  needed  re 
forms.  He  was  elect 
ed  president  of  the 
state  farmers'  alli 
ance  in  1891,  and  re- 
elected  in  1892;  was 
elected  vice  -  presi 
dent  of  the  national 
Farmers'  Alliance  and  Industrial  Union  in 
1893,  and  elected  president  of  that  organi 
zation  in  1894.  His  paper,  The  Caucasian, 
has  been  removed  to  Raleigh,  N.  C.,  and 
has  probably  the  largest  circulation  and 
is  one  of  the  most  influential  papers  in  the 
state.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  as  a  populist  for  term  expir 
ing  March  3,  1901. 


BUTLER,  MATTHEW  CALBRAITHE, 
soldier,  lawyer,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  March  8,  1836,  near  Greenville, 
S.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the  legislature 
of  South  Carolina  in  1860;  entered  the 
confederate  service  as  captain  of  cavalry 
in  the  Hampton  legion  in  June,  1861,  and 
became  a  major-general  through  the  reg 
ular  grades,  and  lost  his  right  leg  at  the 
battle  of  Brandy  Station  on  the  ninth  of 
June.  1863.  He  was  elected  to  the  legisla 
ture  of  South  Carolina  in  1866;  was  a  can 
didate  for  lieutenant-governor  of  South 
Carolina  in  1870;  received  the  democratic 
vote  of  the  South  Carolina  legislature  for 
United  States  senator  in  1870;  and  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
democrat;  was  admitted  to  his  seat  in 
1877,  and  was  re-elected  in  1882  and  again 
in  1889. 

BUTLER,  MICHAEL  J.,  contractor,  leg 
islator,  was  born  June  24,  1851,  in  Carbon- 
dale,  Pa.  During  1859-81  he  worked  in 
the  mines  of  Pennsylvania;  then  was  em 
ployed  in  a  Chicago  packing  house  for 
four  years;  and  during  1885-87  was 
clerk  of  the  health  department.  During 
1887-90  he  was  United  States  gauger;  for 
three  years  corporation  inspector;  and  for 
two  years  superintendent  of  sidewalks. 
Since  1895  he  has  been  a  successful  con 
tractor,  and  in  the  fall  of  1896  was  elected 
to  the  general  assembly  of  the  Illinois 
house  of  representatives. 

BUTLER,  NICHOLAS  MURRAY,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1862  in  New 
Jersey.  He  is  an  educator  of  New  York 
city,  and  professor  of  philosophy  in  Co 
lumbia  college.  He  is  the  author  of  Hor 
ace  Mann  and  American  Systems  of  Edu 
cation. 

BUTLER,  NOBLE,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1819  in  Washington  county. 
Pa.  He  was  a  classical  professor  in  the 
university  of  Louisville,  and  published  A 
Practical  and  Critical  English  Grammar 
and  other  valuable  text-books.  He  died 
Feb.  12,  1882,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

BUTLER,  PERCIVAL,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1760,  in  Pennsylvania.  He  rose  to  the 
rank  of  captain  in  the  revolutionary  war; 
and  served  as  adjutant-general  in  the  war 
of  1812.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1821,  in  Port 
William,  Ky. 

BUTLER,  PIERCE,,  soldier,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  July  11,  1744,  in 
Ireland.  In  1778  he  was  a  delegate  from 
South  Carolina  to  the  old  congress;  and 
in  1788,  a  member  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  signed  the  same.  In 
1802  he  became  again  a  senator  in  con 
gress,  but  resigned  in  1804.  He  died  Feb. 
15,  1822,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BUGLER,  PIERCE  MASON,  soldier, 
was  born  April  11,  1798,  in  Edgefleld,  S.  C. 
He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  first  lieu 
tenant  in  1823,  and  attained  the  grade  of 
captain  in  1825.  After  four  years  of  serv 
ice  he  resigned  his  commission,  and  in 
1829  became  a  resident  of  Columbia,  S.  C., 
and  was  elected  president  of  a  bank  es 
tablished  at  that  place.  He  was  killed 
in  battle  Aug.  20,  1847,  in  Churubusco, 
Mexico. 

BUTLER,  RICHARD,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Ireland.  He  attained  the  rank  of 
colonel  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  in 
1791  was  made  a  major-general.  He  was 
tomahawked  and  scalped  Nov.  4,  1791,  in 
an  expedition  against  the  Indians. 

BUTLER,  RICHARD,  soldier,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1831,  In 
Birmingham,  Ohio.  In  1879  he  accepted 
the  presidency  of  an  extensive  hard  rub 
ber  company,  which  was  organized  in  1883 
as  the  Butler  Hard  Rubber  company. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


181 


BUTLER,  RODERICK  R.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  \pril 
8,  1827,  in  Wytheville,  Va.  He  was  a  jus 
tice  of  the  peace;  a  major  of  the  militia; 
a  postmaster  under  President  Fillmore; 
served  two  years  in  the  state  assembly 
and  one  in  the  state  senate.  He  was  a 
county  judge;  was  a  Heutenant-colonel 
during  the  rebellion;  and  was  subsequent 
ly  judge  of  the  first  judicial  district  of  the 
state,  holding  the  office  from  1865  to  1867. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  fortieth,  forty-first,  for 
ty-second,  forty-third  and  forty-fifth'  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

BUTLER,  SAMSON  H.,  congressman 
was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1840  to  1843. 

BUTLER,  SIMEON,  publisher,  manu 
facturer,  author,  was  born  in  1770.  In 
1792  he  established  the  first  publishing 
house  in  western  Massachusetts  at  North 
ampton.  He  printed  the  earliest  Ameri 
can  edition  of  Vattel's  Law  of  Nations, 
and  the  first  volume  of  Massachusetts  su 
preme  court  reports,  and  brought  out 
Dwight's  School  Geography.  He  also  en 
gaged  in  paper-making,  and  manufactured 
the  first  domestic  letter  paper  used  by 
the  United  States  senate.  He  died  in  1847 
in  Northampton,  Mass. 

BUTLER,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Louisiana  from 
1818  to  1821.  He  died  Aug.  14,  1847. 

BUTLER,  THOMAS  BELDEN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  22,  1806,  in  Wethersfield.  Conn.  He 
was  a  Connecticut  jurist  whose  Philoso 
phy  of  the  Weather,  1856,  appeared  later 
in  enlarged  form  as  a  Concise  Analytical 
and  Logical  Development  of  the  Atmos 
pheric  System.  He  served  in  the  Con 
necticut  state  legislature;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  in  1849-51  He 
died  June  8,  1873,  in  Norwalk,  Conn. 

BUTLER,  THOMAS  S.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1855  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Chester  county  bar,  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

BUTLER,  WALT  H.,  congressman,  was 
born,  Feb.  13,  1852,  in  Springboro,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

BUTLER,  WILLIAM,  congressman  was 
born  in  Columbia,  S.  C.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  South  Caro 
lina  from  1841  to  1843. 

BUTLER,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  In  1879  he  was 
appointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania. 

BUTLER,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  state  legislator,  was  born  in  1759 
in  Prince  William  county,  Pa.  Soon  after 
the  war  he  was  made  a  brigadier-gen 
eral,  and  in  1796  major-general  of  militia. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  United  States 
congress  from  1801  to  1811.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  framed 
the  constitution  of  South  Carolina,  and 
for  some  years  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture:  and  in  1794  he  was  sheriff,  and  at 
one  time  magistrate.  In  the  war  of  1812 
he  commanded  the  South  Carolina  troops 
for  state  defense.  He  died  Nov.  15,  1821, 
in  Columbus,  S.  C. 

BUTLER,  WILLIAM,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1819  in  Ireland.  He  is 
a  methodist  missionary,  and  the  author 
of  The  Land  of  the  Veda;  From  Boston 
to  Bareilly  and  Back;  and  Mexico  in 
Transition  from  the  Power  of  Political 
Romanism  to  Civil  and  Religious  Liber 
ty. 


BUTLER,  WILLIAM  ALLEN  author 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1825,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city, 
and  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  American 
bar  association.  He 
is  well  known  as  a 
writer  of  poetical  sa 
tires,  among  which 
Nothing  to  Wear  has 
long  been  famous. 
Others  are,  Two  Mil 
lions;  General  Aver 
age,  a  satire  upon 
mercantile  life;  Bar- 
num's  Parnassus.  His 
prose  writings  in 
clude  Martin  Van  Buren,  a  Biography 
Mrs.  Limber's  Raffle,  an  able  attack  on 
the  morality  of  church  fairs;  Domesticus, 
a  Story;  Oberammergau;  and  The  His 
tory  of  the  Revision  of  the  Statutes  of 
New  York. 

BUTLER,  WILLIAM  JOSEPH,  lawyer 
legislator,  was  born  May  13,  1868  in 
Springfield,  111.  He  has  attained  distinc 
tion  as  a  lawyer,  and  in  1895-96  was  a 
member  of  the  thirty-ninth  general  assem 
bly  of  Illinois. 

BUTLER,  WILLIAM  0.,  soldier,  public 
official,  poet,  was  born  in  1793  in  Jessa 
mine  county,  Ky.  He  enlisted  as  a  soldier 
in  the  war  of  1812.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
in  1839,  and  re-elected  in  1841.  During 
the  war  with  Mexico  he  obtained  such 
distinction  that  he  was  promoted  to  the 
position  of  major-general  in  the  regular 
army;  and  a  sword  was  voted  to  him  by 
congress.  In  1848  he  was  the  democratic 
candidate  for  vice-president,  on  the  ticket 
with  Lewis  Cass  for  president.  He  was 
appointed  governor  of  Nebraska  terri 
tory,  but  declined  the  appointment.  He 
was  the  author  of  many  fugitive  pieces 
of  poetry,  several  of  which  possess  un 
common  merit,  and  one,  entitled  The 
Boat  Horn,  attained  great  popularity. 

BUTLER.  ZEBULON,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1731  in  Lyme,  Conn.  In  1769  he  settled 
at  Wyoming,  Pa.  In  the  early  part  of  the 
revolutionary  war  he  was  a  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  Connecticut  line,  serving  in 
New  Jersey  in  1777-78,  and  became  colonel 
on  March  13,  1778.  On  July  3,  1778.  he 
commanded  the  weak  garrison  at  Wyo 
ming  at  the  time  of  the  massacre,  which 
he  was  unable  to  prevent.  He  accom 
panied  Sullivan  in  his  Indian  expedition 
in  1779,  and  served  with  distinction 
throughout  the  war.  He  died  July  28, 
1795,  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 

BUTMAN,  SAMUEL,  congressman, 
United  States  senator.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  legislature  in  1822,  1826  and 
1827,  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Penobscot  county,  Maine,  from 
1827  to  1831.  In  1853  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  legislature,  and  made  president  of 
the  senate.  He  died  in  1864. 

BUTT,  CYRUS  M.,  soldier,  farmer,  law 
yer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  30, 
1833,  in  Morgan  county,  Ohio.  He  served 
with  distinction  during  the  civil  war;  and 
was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel.  He  is 
a  prominent  lawyer  of  Viroqua,  Wis.;  has 
been  district  attorney  for  six  years;  was 
state  senator  for  two  years;  county  judge 
for  twelve  years;  and  for  the  past  fifteen 
years  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of 
education.  In  1892  he  was  the  people's 
party  candidate  for  governor  of  Wiscon 
sin,  and  for  congress  in  1894.  He  has 
served  as  president  of  the  farmers'  alli 
ance  of  Wisconsin  since  its  organization 
excepting  the  first  term. 


BUTTERFIELD,  CHARLES  HENRY 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  May,  1833,  in 
Farmington,  Maine.  During  the  war  of 
the  rebellion  he  served  under  the  commis 
sion  of  major  and  then  lieutenant-colonel 
in  an  Indiana  regiment.  He  has  since  held 
the  office  of  judge  of  the  Vanderburg 
county  circuit  court  of  that  state  and  of 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Evansville. 

BUTTERFIELD,  CONSUL  WILL- 
SHIRE,  educator,  author,  was  born  July 
28,  1824,  in  Mexico,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  Seneca  County,  Ohio; 
An  Historical  Account  of  the  Expedition 
against  Sandusky  in  1782;  The  History 
and  Biographical  Annals  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Wisconsin;  and  History  of  the  Dis 
covery  of  the  Northwest  by  John  Nicolet. 
He  has  edited  the  Washington-Crawford 
Letters;  the  Washington-Irvine  Corre 
spondence;  and  A  Short  Biography  of 
John  Leith. 

BUTTERFIELD,  MARTIN,  congress 
man.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress. 

BUTTERS,  MARY  E.,  poet,  was  born  in 
Exeter,  Maine.  She  is  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  entitled  Harp  of  Hesper. 

BUTTERWORTH,  BENJAMIN,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  22, 
1837,  in  Warren  county,  Ohio.  He  was  a 
state  senator  in  1873  and  1874;  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  for 
ty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses; 
and  in  1884  was  appointed  commissioner 
of  patents  in  the  department  of  the  in 
terior.  He  was  again  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty- 
first  congresses. 

BUTTERWORTH,  DANIEL,  soldier, 
merchant,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1831,  in  Utica,' 
N.  Y.  He  became  a  merchant  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  colonel  of  the  twelfth 
New  York  militia  when,  the  civil  war  be 
gan.  Accompanying  his  regiment  to 
Washington  in  July,  1861,  he  led  the  ad- 
^ance  into  Virginia  over  the  Long 
Bridge,  joined  Gen.  Patterson  on  the  up 
per  Potomac,  and  commanded  a  brigade. 
On  the  enlargement  of  the  regular  army, 
he  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant-colonel 
and  assigned  to  the  twelfth  infantry! 
May  14,  1861;  appointed  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers  in  1861. 

BUTTERWORTH,  HEZEKIAH,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1839,  in  Warren, 
R.  I.  In  1870  he  became  connected  with 
the  Youth's  Compan 
ion  as  assistant  edi 
tor,  a  position  which 
he  filled  for  a  quarter 
of  a  century.    He  is 
best    known    as  the 
author      of      Zigzag 
Journeys,    of    which 
nearly  half  a  million 
copies      have     been 
sold.     Besides     pub 
lishing   several    vol 
umes  of  Zigzag  Jour 
neys,     Great     Com 
posers,     The    Knight  of   Liberty,   In   the 
Boyhood  of  Lincoln,  The  Patriot  School 
master,  and  other  popular  juvenile  books, 
he    is    the   author   of   two  collections   ot 
musical  verse,  Songs  of  History;    Poems 
for  Christmas,  Easter,  and  New  Year's. 

BUTTERWORTH,  THEODORE,  pub 
lisher,  was  born  July  7,  1844,  in  Shelby 
county,  Mo.  He  is  the  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  The  Western  Agriculturalist,  of 
Chicago,  III.;  and  has  always  been  iden 
tified  with  the  improvement  of  live  stock. 
He  was  chairman  of  good  roads  congress 
during  the  World's  Fair. 


182 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


BUTTLER,  CHARLES  VOORHEES, 
physician,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1869,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  located  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  and  successfully  practiced  his  pro 
fession. 

BUTTRE,  JOHN  CHESTER,  engraver, 
was  born  June  10,  1821,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y. 
In  his  youth  he  developed  a  talent  for 

drawing;  and  in  1841 

moved  to  New  York 
city,  and  thereafter 
gave  his  attention  to 
steel-plate  engrav 
ing.  He  arose  to  the 
very  head  of  his  pro 
fession;  and  he 
brought  out  steel  en 
gravings  of  Lincoln, 
Grant,  Lee,  Jackson, 
McClellan,  Burnside, 
and  other  celebrities, 
of  which  the  aggre 
gate  sale  amounted  to  several  million 
copies.  He  also  made  a  specialty  of 
mezzo-tints,  and  won  considerable  repu 
tation  through  this  style  of  work.  He 
died  Dec.  2,  1893,  in  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 

BUTTS,  MRS.  MARY  FRANCES  BAR 
BER,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1836,  in 
Khode  Island.  She  is  a  writer  of  popular 
juvenile  works;  and  the  author  of  Three 
Girls;  Lottie;  Nellie's  New  Home;  Liz 
zie  and  Her  Friends;  and  The  Frolic 
Series.  She  is  also  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poems,  entitled  Cockle  Shells  and 
Silver  Bells. 

BUTTZ,  CHARLES  WILSON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  16,  1837,  in  Stroudsburg,  Pa.  He 
entered  the  union  army  in  1861  as  second 
lieutenant,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  brevet 
major;  and  in  1863  resigned  because  of 
ill-health.  He  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law  at  Norfolk,  Va.;  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  republican  national  convention  of 
1864.  In  1872  he  was  elected  solicitor  of 
the  first  judicial  circuit  of  South  Carolina 
for  the  term  of  four  years;  and  was 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  forty- 
fourth  congress. 

BYERLY,  WILLIAM  ELLWOOD.  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1849,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  professor  of 
mathematics  at  Harvard  university;  and 
the  author  of  Elements  of  Differential 
Calculus;  and  Elements  of  Integral  Cal- 
•  •Illlis. 

BYERS,  ISAAC  WINGERD,  educator 
lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1868,  in  Cham- 
bersburg,  Pa.  He  graduated  with  honors 
from  the  Princeton  university,  N.  J.;  and 
during  1893-94  was  professor  of  mathe 
matics  in  the  Princeton  college,  Ky.  He 
has  served  as  city  attorney  of  Iron  River, 
Mich.;  and  as  circuit  court  commissioner 
of  Iron  county. 

BYERS,    SAMUEL    HAWKINS    MAR 
SHALL,  diplomat,  author,  poet,  was  born 
July  23,  1838,  in  Pulaski,  Pa.     He  was  a 
United  States  consul 
at     Zurich,    subse 
quently     a     consul- 
J  general  to  Italy,  and 

now    a    resident    of 
>  ^^     MS  I>s  Moines.    He  was 

^V^H     the   author   of  Swit- 
/•-  ?         zerland;   Switzerland 

V-  .,'-.•         and  the  Swiss:     His 

torical   and   Descrip- 
^  .  W^     tive;    Florence;  His- 

35$?  I    tory  of  Switzerland; 

HLf        v/"i    What  I  Saw  in  Dix 
ie;    Military  History 

of  Iowa;  and  The  Happy  Isles,  and  Other 
Poems.  He  is  the  author  of  ilic  popui.u- 
poem  entitled  Sherman's  March  to  the 
Sea. 


BYERS,  WILLIAM  NEWTON,  civil 
engineer,  journalist,  state  legislator,  was 
born  Feb.  22,  1831,  in  Madison  county, 
Ohio.  He  has  been  United  States  deputy 
surveyor  in  Iowa,  Oregon,  Washington, 
Nebraska  and  Colorado.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  first  Nebraska  state  legislature; 
of  the  first  Colorado  constitutional  con 
vention;  and  postmaster  of  Denver  in 
1864-66  and  1879-83.  He  founded  The 
Rocky  Mountain  News  in  1859,  of  which 
he  was  editor  and  publisher  for  twenty 
years. 

BYFIELD,  NATHANIEL,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  in  1653,  in  England.  He  was  a 
jurist  of  note  in  Massachusetts  in  the  co 
lonial  period;  and  the  author  of  Account 
of  the  Late  War  in  England,  1689.  He 
died  June  6,  1733,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BYFORD,  HENRY  T.,  educator,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1853,  in  Evans- 
ville,  Ind.  'He  is  a  professor  of  gynfecol- 
ogy  in  the  Chicago  Post-Graduate  Medi 
cal  school  and  professor  of  clinical  gynae 
cology  in  the  Woman's  Medical  college. 
He  is  gynaecologist  to  St.  Luke's  hospital; 
and  surgeon  to  the  Woman's  hospital  of 
Chicago,  111. 

BYFORD,  WILLIAM  HEATH,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  March  20,  1817,  in 
Eaton,  Ohio.  He  was  a  physician  of 
prominence  in  Chicago;  and  the  author 
of  Practice  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  Ap 
plied  to  Diseases  and  Accidents  Peculiar 
to  Women;  Theory  and  Practice  of  Ob 
stetrics;  and  Philosophy  of  Domestic 
Life.  He  died  in  1890. 

BYINGTON,  EZRA  HOYT,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1828,  in  Hines- 
burgh,  Vt.  He  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Vermont  in  1852,  and  from  An- 
dover  Theological  seminary  in  1857.  He 
was  librarian  at  the  New  England  His 
torical  and  Genealogical  society,  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in  various  cities.  He  is 
the  author1  of  The  Puritan  in  England 
and  New  England,  and  a  large  number  of 
local  histories. 

BYINGTON,  HORACE  W.,  capitalist, 
was  born  in  December,  1828,  in  Plymouth, 
Conn.  Since  1849  he  has  been  a  resident 
of  California;  has  been  a  successful  busi 
ness  man  of  Santa  Rosa;  and  is  now  a  re 
tired  capitalist.  He  has  been  mayor  of 
Santa  Rosa;  collector  of  internal  reve 
nue  under  President  Harrison's  adminis 
tration;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  re 
publican  national  convention  held  in  Chi 
cago  in  1888. 

BYLES,  CHARLES  N.,  banker,  public 
official,  was  born  March  20,  1844,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky.  He  is  the  president  of  the 
bank  of  Montesana,  Washington;  and  has 
been  auditor  and  treasurer  of  his  county. 

BYLES,  MATHER,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  15,  1707,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Boston,  famous  both  as  preacher  and  wit. 
After  forty-three  years'  ministry  in  the 
Hollis  Street  church,  his  tory  sympathies 
obliged  him  to  give  up  his  charge  in  1776. 
He  died  July  5,  1788,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

BYNNER,  EDWIN  LASSETTER,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1842,  in  New  York.  His 
best  work  is  included  in  the  three  his 
torical  tales,  Agnes  Surriage;  The  Be 
gum's  Daughter;  and  Zachary  Phips.  Of 
lesser  importance  are  Nimport;  Tritons; 
Damen's  Ghost;  Penelope's  Suitors;  and 
The  Chase  of  the  Meteor,  a  book  for  boys. 
He  died  in  1893. 

BYNUM,  J.  H.  T.,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
\v;is  born  Nov.  1,  1856,  in  North  county, 
Ga.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Live 
Oak,  Fla.;  and  in  1897  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Florida  state  senate. 


BYNUM,  JESSE  A.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Halifax  county, 
N.  C.  He  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  state  legislature;  and  was  a  member 
of  congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1833  to  1841.  While  in  congress  he  fought 
a  duel  with  Daniel  Jenifer,  which  termi 
nated  harmlessly. 

BYNUM,  WILLIAM  DALLAS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  June 
26,  1846,  in  Newberry,  Ind.  In  1871-75  he 
was  city  attorney  of  Washington,  Ind.;  its 
mayor  during  1875-79;  and  in  1876  he  was 
a  democratic  elector.  He  subsequently 
moved  to  Indianapolis;  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  in  1882;  and  elected 
speaker  of  the  house  at  the  beginning  of 
the  session  of  1883.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second,  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a 
democrat;  and  took  an  active  part  in 
important  measures.  He  was  instrumen 
tal  in  the  organization  of  the  democratic 
sound  money  movement. 

BYRD,  CHARLES  W.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Virginia.  In  1803  he  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  district  of 
Ohio. 

BYRD,  WILLIAM,  author,  was  born 
March  16,  1674,  in  Westover,  Va.  He  was 
a  colonial  Virginian  and  man  of  letters, 
whose  journals,  first  published  in  3841, 
are  known  as  The  Westover  Manuscripts, 
from  Westover,  the  family  mansion  of 
Byrd.  A  fuller  collection,  styled  The 
Byrd  Manuscripts,  was  printed  in  1866, 
edited  by  T.  Wynne.  They  are  well  worth 
reading  for  their  wit,  keen  observations, 
and  vigorous  style.  They  comprise  The 
Story  of  the  Dividing  Line,  an  account  of 
the  expedition  to  fix  the  boundary  be 
tween  Virginia  and  North  Carolina;  A 
Progress  to  the  Mines;  and  A  Journey  to 
the  Land  of  Eden.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1744, 
in  Westover,  Va. 

BYRDE,  EDWARD  C.,  journalist,  v,-as 
born  July  10,  1874,  in  Litchfield,  Minn. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Spink 
County  Chronicle  of  Redfield,  S.  D. 

BYRN,  MARCUS  LAFAYETTE,  physi 
cian,  author.  He  is  the  author  of  Com 
plete  Practical  Brewer;  Rattlehead's 
Travels,  or  the  Recollections  of  a  Back 
woodsman;  Complete  Practical  Distiller; 
Repository  of  Wit  and  Humor;  Book  of 
Nature,  an  expositor  of  the  Science  of 
Life  and  Sexual  Physiology;  and  Family 
Physician. 

BYRNE,  JOHN,  railroad  president,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  is  the  president  of 
the  Central  New  York  and  Western  rail 
road. 

BYRNE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  merohs.nt, 
was  born  Oct.  10,  1838,  in  Ireland.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war  as  a  confederate; 
in  1880  he  moved  to  Jacksonville,  Fla., 
where  he  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business;  and  also  invested  largely  in 
phosphate  lands,  city  lots  and  business 
blocks.  He  improves  his  city  property, 
and  has  been  one  of  the  foremost  citizens 
of  Jacksonville  in  building  and  beautify 
ing  the  city. 

BYRNS,  SAM,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  March  4,  1848.  in 
Jefferson  county,  Mo.  He  was  elected  in 
1876  a  member  of  the  twenty-ninth  gen 
eral  assembly  to  represent  Jefferson  coun 
ty;  was  elected  state  senator  for  the 
twenty-sixth  senatorial  district  in  1878; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

BYRUM,  ALMON  COE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  March  31,  1861,  in  Jo  Daviess 
county,  111.  He  has  attained  success  as  a 
lawyer  of  Onida,  S.  D.;  and  served  with 
distinction  as  judge  of  the  county  court. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


183 


BYRUM,  ENOCH  EDWIN,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  13, 
1861,  in  Randolph  county,  Ind.  He  is 
editor  of  the  Gospel  Trumpet  and  Shin 
ing  Light;  and  is  the  author  of  The 
Secret  of  Salvation;  Divine  Healing; 
Boy's  Companion;  and  other  works. 

CABANISS,  ELBRIDGE  GERRY,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1802,  in  Greene 
county,  Ga.  He  moved  to  Forsyth,  Mon 
roe  county,  Ga.,  and  was  elected  judge  of 
the  court  of  ordinary;  in  1858  he  became 
judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and  in  1861 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature.  He 
died  in  April,  1872,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

CABANISS,  HENRY  HARRISON,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  June  21,  1848,  in  Forsyth, 
Ga.  He  graduated  from  the  university  of 
Georgia;  was  assistant  secretary  of  the 
Georgia  senate  for  eighteen  years,  and  is 
now  the  proprietor  of  The  Journal,  a 
daily  newspaper  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

CABANISS,  THOMAS  B.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Forsyth,  Ga.  He  entered  the  con 
federate  army  in  1861,  and  surrendered 
with  General  Lee  at  Appomattox.  He  was 
elected  to  the  house  of  representatives  of 
Georgia  in  1865,  and  four  times  subse 
quently  to  the  senate  of  that  state.  He 
was  solicitor-general  of  the  Flint  circuit 
for  a  term  of  four  years,  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

CABELL,  EDWARD  CARRINGTON, 
planter,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  5, 
1816,  in  Richmond.  Va.  In  1837  he  re 
moved  to  the  territory  of  Florida,  where 
he  settled  as  a  cotton  planter,  and  repre 
sented  the  state  of  Florida  in  congress 
from  1847  to  1853. 

CABELL,  GEORGE  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1837,  in 
Danville,  Va.  He  entered  the  confederate 
service  in  1861,  and  at  the  end  of  the  war 
held  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  nom 
inated  for  congress  by  the  conservatives  in 
1874,  and  elected  as  a  representative  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth, 
forty-seventh,  forty-eighth  and  forty- 
ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CABELL,  JAMES  LAWRENCE,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1813,  in 
Nelson  county,  Va.  He  was  an  eminent 
Virginia  physician,  and  the  author  of 
The  Testimony  of  Modern  Science  to  the 
Unity  of  Mankind.  He  died  in  1889. 

CABELL,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  legislator, 
was  born  Sept.  19,  1732.  For  many  years 
he  held  important  civil  offices  in  his  na 
tive  state,  occupying  a  seat  in  the  house 
of  burgesses  and  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  different  conventions.  During  the  war 
for  independence  he  commanded  the 
Buckingham  county  regiment.  He  died 
March  1,  1798,  in  Sion  Hill. 

CABELL,  MRS.  JULIA  MAYO,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  18 — ,  in  Virginia.  She 
was  the  author  of  An  Odd  Volume  of 
Facts  and  Fiction  in  Prose  and  Verse; 
and  Sketches  and  Recollections  of  Lynch- 
burg.  She  died  about  1855. 

CABELL,  SAMUEL  J.,  soldier,  cob- 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1756,  in 
Amherst  county,  Va.  He  attained  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  continen 
tal  army.  For  many  years  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Virginia  assembly  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1795  to  1803.  He  died  Aug.  4,  1818, 
in  Nelson  county,  Va. 

CABELL,  WILLIAM,  state  senator,  was 
born  March  13,  1730.  in  Licking  Hole,  Va. 
About  1773  he  aided  in  establishing  iron 
works  on  Hardware  river.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  house  of  burgesses  when 
the  colonies  revolted  against  Great  Brit 


ain,  and  a  delegate  to  all  the  conven 
tions  looking  toward  national  independ 
ence.  He  was  chosen  first  state  senator 
from  the  eighth  district,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  committee  that  prepared  the 
famous  declaration  of  rights.  He  died 
March  23,  1798,  in  Union  Hill. 

CABELL,  WILLIAM  H.,  governor,  was 
born  Dec.  16,  1772,  in  Boston  Hill,  Va. 
He  was  governor  of  Virginia  from  1805 
to  1808;  afterward  president  of  the  court 
of  appeals,  and  spent  fifty  years  in  public 
life.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1853,  in  Richmond, 
Va. 

CABLE,  BENJAMIN  T.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1853,  in 
Georgetown,  Ky.  He  has  been  engaged 
in  ranching  and  manufacturing;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

CABLE,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1844,  in 
New  Orleans,  La.  He  is  a  writer  of  fiction 
who  has  reproduced  with  much  success 
the  life  and  dialect  among  the  Creoles  of 
Louisiana.  He  served  in  the  confederate 
army  during  the  civil  war,  and  is  now  a 
resident  of  Northampton,  Mass.  He  is 
the  author  of  Old  Creole  Days;  The  Grand- 
issimes;  Madame  Delphine;  Dr.  Sevier; 
John  March,  Southerner;  Bonaventure; 
Strange  True  Stories  of  Louisiana;  The 
Creoles  of  Louisiana;  The  Silent  South; 
The  Busy  Man's  Bible;  and  The  Negro 
Question. 

CABLE,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1849  to 
1853. 

CABLE,  RANSOM  R.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  1834,  in  Athens  county, 
Ohio.  About  1859  he  entered  the  coal  and 
railroad  business  at  Rock  Island,  and 
rose  to  be  superintendent  and  finally  pres 
ident  of  the  Peoria  and  Rock  Island  rail 
road.  In  '1^83  he  was  made  president  of 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  rail 
road,  which  caused  him  to  select  Chicago 
for  his  home. 

CABOT,  GEORGE,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1751,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
Before  he  was  twenty-six  years  old  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  provincial  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts,  where  he  ad 
vocated  those  principles  of  political  eco 
nomy  for  which  he  was  afterward  distin 
guished.  He  was  a  member  of  the  conven 
tion  which  formed  the  constitution  of  that 
state,  and  also  of  that  which  ratified  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States.  In  1791 
to  1796  he  served  in  the  United  States  sen 
ate,  and  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
members  of  that  body.  He  died  April  8, 
1823,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CABOT,  JAMES  ELLIOT,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1821  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  Boston  writer  whose  principal 
work  is  A  Memoir  of  Ralph  Waldo  Emer 
son. 

CADILLAC,  ANTOINE  DE  LA  M.,  foun 
der  of  Detroit,  was  born  about  1660,  in 
France.  He  was  the  founder  of  Detroit 
in  1704;  laid  out  lots  and  streets,  and 
built  the  first  chapel.  He  died  about  1720 
in  France. 

CADMUS,  CORNELIUS  A.,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  1844,  in  Bergen  coun 
ty,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
house  of  general  assembly  from  Passaic 
county  in  1883;  was  elected  sheriff  of 
Passaic  county  in  1887  for  three  years,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

CADWALADER,  GEORGE,  soldier, 
author.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  major- 
general  of  volunteers.  He  was  one  of  the 
commission  to  revise  the  military  laws 


and  regulations.  In  1862  His  Services  in 
the  Mexican  Campaign  of  1847  was  pub 
lished  in  Philadelphia. 

CADWALADER,  JOHN,  general,  was 
born  in  1742  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  convention 
in  1775,  and  an  active  member  of  the  com 
mittee  of  safety.  In  the  autumn  of  1777, 
at  the  request  of  Washington,  he  assisted 
in  organizing  the  militia  of  the  eastern 
shore  of  Maryland.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1786, 
in  Shrewsbury,  Pa. 

CADWALADER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  1,  1805,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1854  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  the  thirty-fourth  con 
gress;  declined  a  renomination  and  re 
turned  to  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
In  1858  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  dis 
trict  court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania. 

CADWALADER,  LAMBERT,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 
He  commanded  a  regiment  early  in  the 
revolution,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1784  to  1787.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1789  to  1791,  and  again 
from  1793  to  1795.  He  died  Sept.  12,  1823, 
in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

CADWALLADER,  EMMA  N.,  educator, 
poet.  She  is  a  writer  of  Oskaloosa,  Iowa, 
and  has  contributed  a  number  of  meritori 
ous  poems  to  the  periodical  press. 

CADY,  ALBEMARLE,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  15,  1807,  in  Keene,  N.  H.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  United  States  military 
academy  in  1829;  served  against  the  In 
dians  in  Florida  until  1842.  and  was  at 
the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz  and  in  the  battles 
of  Cerro  Gordo,  Churubusco,  and  Molino 
del  Rey.  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war  he  was  on  duty  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  remained  there  until  1864.  He  was 
retired  for  disability  resulting  from  long 
and  faithful  service,  and  received  the 
brevet  of  brigadier-general  U.  8.  A.,  in 
1865.  He  died  March  14,  1888,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

CADY,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  29,  1773,  in 
Chatham,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1815  10 
1817;  previously  served  five  years  in  the 
state  legislature,  and  in  1846  was  elected 
a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  New 
York,  which  position  he  resigned  in  1856. 
He  died  Oct.  31,  1859,  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 

CADY,  ERNEST,  merchant,  governor, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1842,  in  Stafford,  Conn. 
In  1870  he  established  the  grocery  firm  of 
Cummings  and  Cady,  of  Hartford,  Conn.; 
and  in  1892  he  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Connecticut. 

CADY,  JOHN  W.,  congressman.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly  in 
1822,  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1823  to  1825. 

CAFFERTY,  JAMES  H..  artist,  was 
born  in  1819.  His  most  notable  paintings 
are  My  Girl;  My  Father;  and  Brook- 
Trout.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1869. 

CAFFERY,  HONELSON,  soldier,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  10,  1835,  in  St.  Mary,  La.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army,  first  in  the  thir 
teenth  Louisiana  regiment,  and  subse 
quently  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  W.  W.  Walk 
er.  He  practiced  law  and  engaged  in 
sugar  planting  after  the  war;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
1879;  and  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate  in  1892.  He  was  appointed  United 
States  senator  to  fill  a  vacancy 

CAGE,  HARRY,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Missis 
sippi  from  1833  to  1835. 


184 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CAHAN,  ABRAHAM,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1860  in  Russia.  He  is 
a  New  York  city  journalist,  and  editor 
of  Zukunft.  He  is  the  author  of  Yekl,  a 
Tale  of  the  New  York  Ghetto;  and  Raph 
ael  Narizokh  (Yiddish). 

CAHILL,  JUAN  F.,  diplomat,  journalist, 
poet.  His  writings  are  better  known 
throughout  Spanish-America  than  at 
home;  particularly  through  his  editorials 
which  have  appeared  in  El  Commercio  del 
Valle,  published  in  St.-  Louis,  Mo.,  and 
of  which  he  has  been  editor  and  propri 
etor  for  the  past  fifteen  years. 

CAHILL,  LE  ROY,  manufacturer,  inven 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1841,  in  Portage, 
Mich.  He  converted  a  common  plow  into 
a  riding  plow.  He  is  the  owner  of  a 
large  manufacturing  house  in  Kalamazoo, 
president  of  the  electric  light  company, 
and  director  of  a  number  of  prosperous 
corporations. 

CAHOON,  WILLIAM,  jurist,  statesman. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1809; 
from  1815  to  1820  he  was  a  state  coun 
cilor;  county  judge  for  nine  years,  and 
lieutenant-governor  of  Vermont  in  1820 
and  1821.  For  seven  years  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature,  and  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Vermont  from 
1829  to  1833. 

CAIN,  RICHARD  H.,  clergyman,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  12,  1825,  in 
Greenbrier  county,  Va.  He  entered  the 
ministry  at  an  early  age  and  was  sent 
as  a  missionary  to  the  freedmen  in  South 
Carolina.  He  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  constitutional  convention  of  South 
Carolina;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  and  served  two  years;  edited 
a  newspaper  from  1868;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  and  forty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

CAIN,  WILLIAM,  civil  engineer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1847  in  North  Carolina. 
He  is  a  professor  of  civil  engineering  in 
the  university  of  North  Carolina,  and  the 
author  of  Theory  of  Voussoir;  Solid  and 
Braced  Arches;  Maximum  Stress  in 
Framed  Bridges;  Solid  and  Braced  Elas 
tic  Bridges;  Symbolic  Algebra;  and  Prac 
tical  Designing  of  Retaining  Walls. 

CAINE.  JOHN  T.,  statesman,  was  born 
Jan.  8,  1829,  in  Isle  of  Man.  He  settled 
in  Utah  in  1852;  engaged  in  various  pur 
suits;  was  secretary  of  the  legislative 
council  in  1856-60;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
constitutional  conventions  of  1872  and 
1882;  and  served  in  the  territorial  coun 
cil  in  1874,  1876,  1880  and  1882.  He  was 
elected  a  regent  of  the  Deseret  univer 
sity  in  1876,  1878,  1880  and  1882;  was 
elected  recorder  of  Salt  Lake  City  in  1876, 
and  re-elected  in  1878,  1880  and  1882.  He 
was  elected  a  delegate  from  Utah  to  the 
forty-seventh  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-eighth, 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first  and  fiTty- 
second  congresses. 

CAINES,  GEORGE,  author,  was  born  in 
1771.  He  was  a  reporter  of  the  New  York 
supreme  court,  and  the  author  of  Lex 
Mercatoria  Americana;  Cases  in  the  Court 
of  Errors;  Forms  of  New  York  Supreme 
Court;  Summary  of  Practice  in  New  York 
Supreme  Court;  Cases  in  the  Court  for 
Trial  of  Impeachments;  and  New  York 
Supreme  Court  Reports.  He  died  July 
10,  1825,  in  Catskill,  N.  Y. 

CAIRNS,  CHARLES  S.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  July  4,  1856,  in  Mus- 
kingum  county,  Ohio.  He  attended  Mus- 
kingum  college  and  law  department  of  the 
Michigan  university.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Minnesota  legislature,  and  for  years 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  the  state  of  Minnesota,  and 
with  a  view  to  improving  the  state  and 
city  governments. 


CAKE,  HENRY  L.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1827,  in  Northum 
berland,  Pa.  He  was  elected  brigadier- 
general  of  militia  in  1854;  on  April  18, 
1861,  arrived  in  Washington  in  command 
of  the  first  five  hundred  soldiers  enlisted 
lo  put  down  the  rebellion,  and  was  Quar 
tered  in  the  capitol  twenty-four  hours 
before  any  other  volunteers  had  arrived. 
Mr.  Cake  was  twice  a  candidate  for  the 
state  senate,  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  fortieth 
and  forty-first  congresses. 

CALDERHEAD,  WILLIAM  A.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  26, 
1844,  in  Perry  county,  Ohio.  He  enlisted 
in  1862  as  a  private  in  company  H,  one 
hundred  and  twenty-sixth  Ohio  infantry; 
was  transferred  to  company  D,  ninth 
veteran  reserves,  for  disability  incurred 
in  the  service,  and  discharged  June  27, 
1865.  In  1872  he  settled  on  a  homestead 
near  Newton,  Kan.,  and  taught  school 
one  year  in  Newton.  He  was  elected  coun 
ty  attorney  in  the  fall  of  1888  and  served 
two  years;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

CALDWELL,  ALEXANDER,  jurist.  He 
was  for  several  years  United  States  dis 
trict  judge  for  the  western  district  of  Vir 
ginia.  He  died  April  8,  1839,  in  Wheeling, 
W.  Va. 

CALDWELL,  ALEXANDER,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  March  1,  1830,  in 
Huntington  county,  Pa.  He  enlisted  in 
1847  as  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  war,  en 
tering  his  father's  company,  who  was 
killed  at  one  of  the  gates  of  the  city  of 
Mexico.  He  went  in  1861  to  Kansas, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  transportation  of 
military  supplies  to  the  various  posts  on 
the  plains,  and  was  afterward  largely  in 
terested  in  the  building  of  railroads  and 
bridges.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  as  a  republican,  and  served 
during  1871-77. 

CALDWELL,  ANDREW  J.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  at  Mon- 
tevallo,  Ala.  He  served  in  the  confed 
erate  army  throughout  the  civil  war.  In 
1870  he  was  elected  attorney-general  for 
the  criminal  district  of  Nashville  and 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  and  served  eight 
years.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  forty-eighth  and 
forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CALDWELL,  CHARLES,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  14,  1772,  in  Caswell 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  Kentucky  phy 
sician,  who  beside  publishing  some  200 
technical  monographs  and  pamphlets, 
wrote  The  Life  and  Campaigns  of  Gen 
eral  Greene,  and  translated  Blumen- 
bach's  Elements  of  Physiology.  He  died 
July  9,  1853,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

CALDWELL,  D.  W.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  in  1830  in  Massachusetts.  Since 
1895  he  has  been  president  of  the  Lake 
Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  railroad; 
and  he  is  also  president  of  the  Pittsburg 
and  Lake  Erie  railroad  at  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

CALDWELL,  GEORGE  A.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1843  to  1845,  and  again  from  1849 
to  1851.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1866,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky. 

CALDWELL,  GEORGE  CHAPMAN,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1834, 
in  Framingham,  Mass.  He  is  a  professor 
of  agricultural  chemistry  at  Cornell  uni 
versity,  and  the  author  of  Agricultural 
Qualitative  and  Quantitative  Analysis; 
Manual  of  Introductory  Chemical  Prac 
tice  (with  A.  Breneman);  and  Manual  of 
Qualitative  Chemical  Analysis. 


volunteer   cavalry. 


CALDWELL,  GREENE  W.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April  13, 
1811,  in  Gaston  county,  N.  C.  He  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  state  legislature, 
and  was  a  member  of  congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1841  to  1843.  He  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
United  States  mint  at  Charlotte,  which 
position  he  resigned.  He  participated  in 
the  war  with  Mexico  as  volunteer  captain 
of  a  company  of  dragoons. 

CALDWELL,  HENRY  CLAY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1832,  in  Marshall 
county,  Va.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  common 
schools  of  Iowa;  be 
came  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  Van  Buren 
county,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature 
of  Iowa  from  1859 
till  1861.  He  served 
as  a  union  soldier 
during  the  civil  war, 
and  became  major, 
lieutenant  -  colonel, 
and  colonel  of  the 
third  regiment,  Iowa 
For  a  quarter  of  a 

century  he  faithfully  served  his  country 
as  United  States  district  judge  in  Arkan 
sas;  and  since  1890  has  "been  judge  of  the 
United  States  circuit  court  of  appeals  for 
the  eighth  judicial  circuit  of  Arkansas. 

CALDWELL,  HENRY  MARTYN,  capi 
talist,  was  born  in  1836,  in  Greenville,  Ala. 
He  founded  the  Elyton  Land  company, 
formed  with  a  capital  of  $200,000,  which 
purchased  a  tract  of  several  thousand 
acres  in  Jones  valley  at  a  railroad  cross 
ing,  and  laid  it  out  in  streets.  Furnaces 
were  built  for  smelting  the  iron  from  the 
neighboring  hills,  workmen  were  brought 
to  the  town,  and  houses,  banks,  and  all  the 
equipment  of  a  center  of  industry  were 
created  near  Birmingham,  Ala. 

CALDWELL,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1813  to  1817. 

CALDWELL,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Prince  Edward  county,  Va.  He  re 
moved  to  Kentucky  in  1781,  served  in  the 
conflicts  with  the  Indians,  and  became 
a  major-general  of  militia.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  state  conventions 
of  1787  and  1788,  and  of  the  state  senate 
in  1792  and  1793.  He  died  Nov.  9,  1804,  in 
Frankfort,  Ky. 

CALDWELL,  JOHN  ALEXANDER, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
April  21,  1852,  in  Fair  Haven,  Ohio.  In 
1881-85  he  served  as  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  was  elected  judge 
of  the  police  court  in  1887.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Ohio  republican  league, 
and  chairman  of  the  national  republican 
congressional  committee.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses  as  a  republican,  and  in 
1894  resigned  to  become  mayor  of  Cin 
cinnati. 

CALDWELL,  JOHN  CURTIS,  soldier, 
diplomat,  was  born  April  17,  1833.  in 
Lowell,  Vt.  He  was  made  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers  in  1862,  and  brevetted 
major-general  in  1865.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  senate;  adjutant-general  of 
the  state  in  1867;  and  in  1869  was  United 
States  consul  at  Valparaiso.  Chili.  From 
1873  till  1882  he  was  minister  to  Uruguay 
and  Paraguay;  and  in  1885,  having  re 
moved  to  Kansas,  was  president  of  the 
board  of  pardons  of  that  state. 

CALDWELL,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Huntsville,  Ala. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and 
forty-fourth  congresses. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


185 


CALDWELL,  JOHN  MERRILL,  soldier, 
clergyman,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1839,  in 
Rockland,  Maine.  He  entered  the  union 

^___ army     in    1861,    but 

was  disabled  after  a 
few  months  of  serv 
ice.  He  joined  the 
Rock  River  confer 
ence  and  served  as 
principal  of  the  Rock 
River  seminary.  In 
1869  he  went  to  the 
Princeton  church, 
and  since  then  he 
has  been  in  charge 
of  several  prominent 
churches,  among 
them  the  Ada  Street  and  Western  Avenue 
churches  of  Chicago.  He  is  the  presiding 
elder  of  the  Chicago  western  district  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church. 

CALDWELL,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1838,  in 
Russellville,  Ky.  He  entered  the  confed 
erate  army  in  1861,  as  captain,  and  served 
throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
colonel.  In  1866  he  was  elected  county 
judge  of  Logan  county,  Ky.,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1870.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses,  and  declined  a  renomination. 

CALDWELL,  JOSEPH,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  April  21, 
1773,  in  Lamington,  N.  J.  He  was  a  noted 
educator,  who  was  president  of  the  uni 
versity  of  North  Carolina,  and  the  author 
of  A  Compendious  System  of  Elementary 
Geometry;  and  Letters  of  Carleton.  He 
died  Jan.  24,  1835,  in  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 

CALDWELL,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1808  in  Iredell 
county,  N.  C.  He  entered  public  life  in 
1838,  as  a  member  of  the  state  legislature, 
where  he  served  a  number  of  years,  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1849  to  1853. 

CALDWELL,  LINUS  BOUES,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  10, 
1834,  in  Wilna,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  methodist 
clergyman  and  educator  of  Tennessee,  and 
the  author  of  Wines  of  Palestine,  or  The 
Bible  Defended;  and  Beyond  the  Grave. 

CALDWELL,  MERRITT,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1806,  in  Hebron, 
Maine.  He  was  a  professor  of  metaphy 
sics  at  Dickinson  college,  and  the  author 
of  The  Doctrine  of  the  English  Verb; 
Manual  of  Elocution;  Philosophy  of 
Christian  Perfection;  and  Christianity 
Tested  by  Eminent  Men.  He  died  June  6, 
1848,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

CALDWELL,  PATRICK  C.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  South 
Carolina  from  1841  to  1843. 

CALDWELL,  ROBERT  P.,  lawyer, 
soldier,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  16, 
1821,  in  Adair  county,  Ky.  He  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  of 
Tennessee  in  1847, 
and  to  the  senate  in 
1855.  He  was  elected 
attorney-general  in 
the  sixteenth  judi 
cial  circuit  in  1858; 
was  major  of  infan 
try  in  the  confeder 
ate  service;  had  his 
disabilities  removed 
by  act  of  congress, 
and  was  elected  to 
the  forty-second 
congress  as  a  democrat,  serving  on  the 
committee  on  revolutionary  pensions. 


CALDWELL,  SAMUEL  LUNT,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Nov. 
13,  1820,  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  Newton  Theological  In 
stitute  in  1845,  and  for  five  years  was  a 
professor  of  church  history  in  that  insti 
tution.  From  1878-85  he  was  president  of 
Vassar  college.  He  was  the  author  of 
Cities  of  Our  Faith  and  Other  Discourses 
and  Addresses.  He  died  in  1889  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I. 

CALDWELL,  TOD  R.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  in  1818  in 
Morganton,  N.  C.  He  served  in  the  state 
legislature  from  1842  to  1844;  was  a  state 
senator  in  1850;  lieutenant-governor  in 
1868,  and  in  1872  was  elected  governor  of 
the  state.  He  died  July  11,  1874,  in  Hills- 
borough,  N.  C. 

CALDWELL,  WILLIAM  PARKER,  law 
yer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  8,  1832,  in  Christmasville,  Tenn.  He 
attended  the  Bethel  and  Cumberland  col 
leges,  and  graduated  from  the  Cumber 
land  university.  He  was  twice  a  member 
of  the  Tennessee  house  of  representatives; 
once  a  member  of  the  Tennessee  senate, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  forty-fourth  and 
forty-fifth  United  States  congresses.  He 
served  as  a  presidential  elector  twice,  and 
has  been  a  delegate  to  several  national 
nominating  conventions.  He  has  had  con 
siderable  experience  as  a  judge — holding 
positions  where  the  regular  judges  were 
under  disabilities. 

CALDWELL,  WILLIAM  WARREN, 
business  man,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1823, 
in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  is  a  druggist 
and  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  college.  He 
has  published  poems,  original  and  trans 
lated,  and  has  translated  many  lyrics  from" 
the  German. 

CALEF,  ROBERT,  merchant,  author, 
was  born  in  1648  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  Boston  merchant  who  published 
in  1700  More  Wonders  of  the  Invisible 
World,  a  satirical  reply  to  Cotton  Math 
er's  Wonders  of  the  Invisible  World.  Its 
line  of  argument  was  in  direct  opposition 
to  the  witchcraft  persecutions,  and  the 
book  was  publicly  burnt  by  Increase 
Mather  in  the  grounds  of  Harvard  college. 
He  died  in  1719. 

CALHOUN,  EDMUND  ROSE,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  May  6,  1821,  in  Chambers- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  appointed  midshipman 
in  1869;  was  promoted  commodore  in 
1876;  and  rear-admiral  in  1882.  His  final 
services  were  performed  as  commandant 
of  the  Mare  Island  navy  yard,  and  as  in- 
pector  of  vessels  on  the  California  coast. 

CALHOUN,  JAMES  EDWARD,  capital 
ist,  soldier,  was  born  in  1798,  in  Abbe 
ville,  S.  C.  He  became  occupied  with 
planting  and  interests  in  land,  and  accu 
mulated  a  very  large  estate,  amounting 
to  something  like  25,000  acres  in  Abbe 
ville  county,  S.  C.,  and  Washington  coun 
ty,  Ga.,  extending  on  both  sides  of  the 
Savannah  river. 

CALHOUN,  JAMES  S.,  governor,  was 
born  in  Georgia.  In  1851  he  was  appoint 
ed  the  first  governor  of  the  territory  of 
New  Mexico. 

CALHOUN,  JOHN,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  For  many  years 
he  was  a  circuit  judge;  in  1820  and  1821 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature  from 
Ohio  county,  and  in  1829,  1830,  and  1840, 
a  member  of  the  same  from  Brecken- 
ridge  county.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Kentucky  from  1835  to 
1839.  The  county-seat  of  McLean  county 
was  named  for  him  in  1852. 


CALHOUN,  JOHN  CALDWELL.  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States,  author, 
was  born  March  18,  1782,  in  Abbeville 
District,  S.  C.  He 
was  a  South  Caro 
lina  statesman  who 
was  secretary  of 
state  under  Monroe, 
and  again  under  Ty 
ler;  vice-president 
under  John  Quincy 
Adams,  and  United 
States  senator  from 
1845  till  his  death. 
He  was  one  of  the 
ablest  of  political 
leaders,  a  great  ora 
tor,  and  a  political  thinker  of  the  first 
rank.  His  literary  style  is  both  vigorous 
and  concise,  and  displays  at  times  a  re 
markable  intensity  of  expression.  He 
was  the  author  of  A  Disquisition  on  Gov 
ernment;  and  The  Constitution  and  Gov 
ernment  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
March  31,  1850,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CALHOUN,  JOHN  ERWIN,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1749. 
He  was  for  many  years  in  the  state  legis 
lature  of  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  South  Carolina 
from  1801  to  1802.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  committee  which  was  instructed  to 
report  a  modification  of  the  judiciary  sys 
tem  of  the  United  States.  He  died  Nov. 
3,  1802,  in  Pendleton  District,  S.  C. 

CALHOUN,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
a  representative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1807  to  1811. 

CALHOUN,  PATRICK,  financier,  was 
born  March  21,  1856,  in  Fort  Hill,  S.  C. 
In  1889  he  was  appointed  general  counsel 
for  the  Terminal  company,  and  the  Rail 
road  company  of  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  and  soon 
after  became  its  president. 

CALHOUN,  WILLIAM  BARRON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1796, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  from  1825  to  1835, 
and  speaker  for  two  years.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress,  from  his  na 
tive  state,  from  1835  to  1843;  presidenl  of 
the  state  senate  in  1846  and  1847;  sec 
retary  of  state  from  1848  to  1851;  bank 
commissioner  from  1853  to  1855;  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1844;  and  mayor  of  Spring 
field  in  1859.  He  died  Nov.  8,  1865,  in 
Springfield,  Mass. 

CALKIN,  H.  C.,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  23,  1828,  in  Maiden, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress. 

CALKINS,  FRANKLIN  WELLES,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  5,  1855,  in  Iowa  coun 
ty,  Wis.  He  attended  the  Iowa  Agricul 
tural  college  in  1876; 
taught  school  and 
read  law  for  the  suc 
ceeding  three  years. 
In  1880  he  began  con 
tributing  stories  of 
adventure  and 
sketches  of  western 
life  and  character  in 
the  Youth's  Compan 
ion  and  other  prom 
inent  publications. 
He  is  the  author  of 
a  work  entitled 
Tales  of  the  West,  in  three  volumes;  and 
more  than  three  hundred  of  his  serials 
and  short  stories  have  been  published. 
His  power  of  vivid  narration  is  conceded 
by  the  critics  to  be  of  the  highest  order 
of  talent,  and  his  stories  are  valuable  for 
their  lifelikeness  and  their  truthfulness 
to  character  and  environment. 


186 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CALKINS,  NORMAN  ALLISON,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1822,  in  New 
York.  He  was  the  first  assistant  superin 
tendent  of  primary  schools  in  New  York 
city  for  thirty-three  years,  and  was  the 
author  of  Primary  Object  Lessons;  How 
to  Teach;  Manual  of  Object  Teaching; 
Aids  for  Object  Teaching;  Trades  and 
Occupations;  and  Natural  History  Series 
for  Children. 

CALKINS,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  18, 
1842,  in  Pike  county,  Ohio.  He  entered 
the  union  army  in  1861,  and  served  al 
most  continuously  until  1865.  He  was 
state's  attorney  for  the  ninth  judicial  cir 
cuit  from  1866  to  1870;  was  a  represent 
ative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1871;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Indiana 
to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-sev 
enth  and  forty-eighth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

CALL,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  was  born 
about  1765.  He  was  a  brother-in-law  of 
Chief  Justice  John  Marshall,  and  pub 
lished  Reports  of  the  Virginia  Court  of 
Appeals,  in  six  volumes.  He  died  May 
20,  1840,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

CALL,  JACOB,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1824  to  1825. 

CALL,  RICHARD  KEITH,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1791  in  Kentucky.  He 
was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  the 
Florida  militia;  was  a  member  of  the 
legislative  council  of  Florida  in  1822;  a 
delegate  to  congress  from  that  territory, 
from  1823  to  1825;  and  receiver  of  public 
money  for  the  land  office.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Florida  from  1836  to  1839,  and 
again  from  1841  to  1844.  He  died  Sept. 
14,  1862,  in  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

CALL,  RICHARD  KEITH,  soldier,  in 
ventor,  author,  was  born  in  1757.  He  was 
a  major  in  the  revolutionary  army.  He 
gave  attention  to  scientific  studies,  and 
invented  and  modeled  a  railroad  train 
and  engine  designed  to  minimize  the  at 
mospheric  resistance.  He  has  published 
a  lecture  on  Physical  Education  and  an 
Essay  on  Religion  and  Science.  He  died 
in  1792. 

CALL,  WILKINSON,  lawyer,  legislator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  Rus- 
sellville,  Ky.,  but  removed  to  Florida 
when  a  child.  He  served  as  adjutant- 
general  in  the  confederate  army  in  the 
war  between  the  states;  was  presidential 
elector  for  the  state  at  large  in  1872  and 
1876;  was  member  of  the  national  demo 
cratic  executive  committee  in  1876,  and 
delegate  to  the  national  democratic  con 
vention  at  St.  Louis  in  1876.  He  was 
chosen  senator  by  the  legislature  of  Flori 
da  under  the  provisional  government  es 
tablished  by  President  Johnson,  but  was 
denied  admission.  He  was  elected  sena 
tor  in  1879  and  took  his  seat  March  18, 
1879,  and  was  re-elected  in  1885  and  1891. 
He  has  been  in  the  United  States  senate 
for  eighteen  years,  and  is  one  of  the 
strongest  anti-corporationists  in  the  state 
of  Florida. 

CALLAHAN,  ETHELBERT,  farmer, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1829, 
in  Licking  county,  Ohio.  He  has  been  a 
justice  of  the  peace  at  Robinson,  111.;  a 
member  of  the  state  board  of  equalization, 
and  a  delegate  to  the  general  conference 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church.  He 
has  twice  been  a  presidential  elector,  and 
for  four  terms  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  general  assembly  of  the 
state  of  Illinois.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  Illinois  State  Bar  association,  and 
a  member  of  the  commission  to  revise  the 
laws  of  Illinois. 


CALLAHAN,  JAMES,  capitalist,  was 
born  Oct.  12,  1818,  in  New  Scotland,  N. 
Y.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Hawkeye  Insurance  company  of  Des 
Moines,  Iowa,  and  has  been  its  vice-presi 
dent  for  over  twenty  years. 

CALLAHAN.  JAMES  YANCY,  clergy 
man,  farmer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
19,  1852,  in  Dent  county,  Mo.  He  was  li 
censed  as  a  local  minister  in  the  methodist 
episcopal  church  in  1880,  which  relation 
he  holds  at  the  present  time.  He  has 
been  engaged  principally  in  farming, 
sawmilling,  and  mining.  He  removed  to 
Oklahoma  in  1892  and  settled  on  a  farm, 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
by  the  populists  and  democrats  on  a  free 
silver  ticket. 

CALLAWAY,  S.  R.,  railroad  president. 
He  is  the  president  of  the  New  York,  Chi 
cago  and  St.  Louis  railroad. 

CALLENDER,  FRANKLIN  D.,  soldier, 
was  born  about  1817  in  New  York.  During 
the  civil  war  he  was  on  foundry  and  gen 
eral  ordnance  duty,  and  was  brevetted 
major  in  1862,  receiving  his  promotion  to 
the  full  grade  in  1863.  He  died  Dec.  13, 
1882,  in  Daysville,  111. 

CALLENDER,  JAMES  THOMAS,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  England.  He  was  a 
writer  who  was  exiled  from  England  on 
account  of  his  pamphlet,  The  Political 
Progress  of  Great  Britain.  He  was  at  first 
the  friend  and  soon  the  violent  political 
opponent  of  Thomas  Jefferson.  He  was 
the  author  of  Sketches  of  the  History  of 
America;  and  The  Prospect  Before  I's. 
He  was  drowned  in  1813  in  the  James 
river,  near  Richmond,  Va. 

CALLENDER,  JOHN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1706  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Newport, 
R.  I.,  whose  Historical  Discourse,  1739,  is 
a  careful  monograph  of  Rhode  Island  his 
tory  for  the  first  century  of  the  colony's 
existence.  He  died  Jan.  26,  1748,  in  New 
port,  R.  I. 

CALLENDER,  WALTER,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1847,  in  Colum 
bus,  Ga.  He  fought  in  the  revolutionary 
war  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  captain.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  retired  to  organize 
the  firm  of  Callender,  McAuslan  and 
Troup  of  Providence,  R.  I. 

CALLIS,  JOHN  BENTON,  soldier,  leg 
islator,    congressman,    was    born    Jan.    3, 
1828,   in   Fayetteville,  N.   C.     He   studied 
medicine,    inn    ueveT 
went       into       active 
practice.     He  served 
in   the   civil   war   as 
,    captain    of   company 
W^p        o,  F,  seventh   regiment 

^  x  Wisconsin   volunteer 

~-  infantry;     was    pro 

moted  to  major, 
lieutenant  -  colonel, 
brevet-colonel,  and 
brigadier-general  for 
bravery  during  the 
war.  He  received  a 

ball  in  the  right  lung  at  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg,  July  1,  1863;  and  mustered 
out  of  volunteer  service  on  Dec.  30  of  the 
same  year  for  disability.  Six  months  later 
he  was  appointed  major  in  the  V.  R.  C.; 
and  was  assigned  to  duty  as  military  su 
perintendent  of  the  war  department  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  subsequently 
made  captain  in  the  forty-fifth  United 
States  infantry  regular  army;  was  pro 
moted  to  brigadier-general  of  volunteers, 
and  served  until  1868.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fortieth  congress  from  Alabama,  and 
served  with  distinction.  During  1873-74 
he  served  in  the  legislature  of  Wisconsin. 


CALTHROP,  SAMUEL  ROBERT,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1829,  in 
England.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Syracuse,  and  the  author  of  Essay  on 
Religion  and  Science;  and  The  Rights  of 
the  Body. 

CALVERLEY,  CHARLES,  sculptor, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1833,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Among  his  works  are  The  Little  Compan 
ions;  Little  Ida,  a  medallion;  and  bronze 
busts,  heroic  size,  of  John  Brown;  Hor 
ace  Greeley,  on  his  monument  at  Green 
wood. 

CALVERT,  BENEDICT  L.,  proprietary 
governor  of  Maryland,  was  born  about 
1700  in  England.  He  was  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  Maryland  in  1726,  presiding  at 
the  first  session  of  the  assembly  of  Mary 
land  on  Oct.  10,  1727.  He  died  on  his  voy 
age  to  England. 

CALVERT,  CECIL,  second  baron  of  Bal 
timore,  was  born  in  1606  in  Ireland.  His 
father,  the  .  first  lord  of  Baltimore, 
died  in  1632',  before  his  patent  to  the 
province  of  Maryland  had  passed  the 
royal  seal;  and  consequently  all  the  rights 
and  privileges  given  thereunder  were  se 
cured  to  Cecil,  with  the  title  of  Absolute 
lord  of  Maryland  and  Aralon,  in  addition 
to  the  baronial  estates  of  Baltimore.  He 
died  Nov.  30,  1675,  in  London,  England. 

CALVERT,  CHARLES,  third  baron  of 
Baltimore,  was  born  in  1629  in  London, 
England.  He  was  sent  to  Maryland  as 
governor  in  1661,  and  on  his  father's 
death  in  1675,  succeeded  him  as  lord-pro 
prietor,  holding  his  title  until  it  was 
wrested  from  him  by  the  protestant  revo 
lution  in  1688.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1715,  In 
England. 

CALVERT,  CHARLES,  fifth  baron  of 
Baltimore,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1699.  He 
was  fourth  palatine  of  Maryland,  and 
proprietary  governor.  In  1732,  finding 
his  presence  necessary  to  settle  the  boun 
dary  dispute  with  Pennsylvania,  he  ar 
rived  In  the  province  and  assumed  the 
government  in  his  own  person,  but  re 
turned  to  England  in  1734.  He  died  April 
24,  1751,  in  England. 

CALVERT,  CHARLES  B..  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  24, 
1808,  in  Prince  George  county,  Md.  He 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  Maryland 
in  1839,  1843,  and  1844,  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Maryland  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  died  May 
14,  1864,  in  Riverside,  Md. 

CALVERT,  FREDERICK,  sixth  baron 
of  Baltimore,  was  born  in  1731  in  Eng 
land.  In  1751  he  succeeded  to  the  title 
of  baron  of  Baltimore  and  to  the  pro- 
prietaryship  of  Maryland.  He  was  the 
author  of  A  Tour  to  the  East  in  the  Years 
1763  and  1764,  with  Remarks  on  the  City 
of  Constantinople;  also  Select  Pieces  of 
Oriental  Wit,  Poetry  and  Wisdom.  He 
died  Sept.  9,  1771,  in  Italy. 

CALVERT,  GEORGE,  first  baron  of  Bal 
timore,  was  born  in  1581  in  England.  He 
explored  the  region  of  Chesapeake  Bay, 
and  on  his  return  to  England  requested 
a  grant  for  a  district  south  of  the  James 
river.  Meeting  with  opposition  from  the 
Virginia  company,  he  applied  for  a  grant 
north  and  east  of  the  Potomac,  but  died 
before  the  grant  was  issued,  and  his  son 
succeeded  to  his  rights.  He  died  April  15, 
1632,  in  London,  England. 

CALVERT,  GEORGE  HENRY,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1803,  in  Prince 
George  county,  Md.  He  was  the  author 
of  Goethe:  His  Life  and  Works;  Dante 
and  His  Latest  Translators;  St.  Beuve, 
the  Critic;  Count  Julian,  a  tragedy; 
Three  Score,  and  Other  Poems,  and  a 
translation  of  Schiller's  Don  Carlos.  He 
died  May  24,  1889,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


187 


CALVERT,  LEONARD,  proprietary 
governor  of  Maryland,  was  born  in  1606. 
In  1633  he  was  sent  to  found  the  colony 
in  Maryland.  He  landed  at  Blackstone 
Island  in  1634,  and  made  the  first  settle 
ment,  which  was  named  St.  Mary's.  He 
died  June  9,  1647. 

CALVERT,  PHILIP,  proprietary  gov 
ernor  of  Maryland.  In  1660  he  was  com 
missioned  governor  of  Maryland. 

CALVIN,  DELANO  C.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1824,  in  Jefferson  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  success  as  a 
noted  lawyer  of  New  York  city,  and  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  works. 

CALVIN,  SAMUEL,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  30,  1811,  in 
Washingtonville,  Pa.  In  1848  he  was 
elected  a  member  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  thirty-first  congress,  and  in  1850  de 
clined  a  re-election. 

CALVIN,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  geologist, 
was  born  Feb.  2,  1840,  in  Scotland.  He 
served  as  a  private  during  the  latter  part 
of  the  civil  war,  and  subsequently  be 
came  professor  of  geology  and  structural 
zoology  at  the  state  university  of  Iowa. 

CALVO,  HENRY  CLAY  WARMOTH 
CASA,  lawyer,  legislator,  lecturer,  was 
born  June  29,  1869,  in  Baton  Rouge,  La. 
He  is  a  great-grandson  of  Governor  Casa 
Calvo,  who  was  governor  of  the  territory 
of  Louisiana  during  1799-1801.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  was  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work,  and  in  1896  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  of  Louisiana.  He  has 
attained  prominence  as  a  successful  law 
yer  in  his  native  city,  and  as  a  lecturer 
is  well  known  throughout  the  state. 

CAMBELL,  ALEXANDER,  physician, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1779,  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  legislature  in  1800.  He  moved 
to  Ohio  in  1803;  was  a  member  of  the 
•Ohio  legislature  in  1806;  was  a  senator 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1809  to 
1813;  and  served  as  a  state  senator  from 
1813  to  1823.  He  died  Nov.  5.  1857,  in 
Ripley,  Ohio. 

CAMBELL,  BROOKINS,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1808  in  Wash 
ington  county,  Tenn.  He  was,  for  many 
years,  a  member  of  the  state  legislature, 
and  in  1845  was  unanimously  elected 
speaker.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  quar 
termaster's  department  in  the  war  with 
Mexico,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  thirty-third  con 
gress.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1853,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

CAMBRELENG,  CHURCHILL  C.,  mer 
chant,  diplomat,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1786  in  Washington,  N.  C.  At  an  early 
day  he  engaged 
in  mercantile  pur 
suits  with  John  Ja 
cob  Astor,  and  trav 
eled  extensively  over 
the  world.  He  was 
a  representative  in 
congress  from  New 
York  from  1821  to 
1839,  and  in  1840 
was  appointed  min 
ister  plenipotentiary 
to  Russia;  his  re 
ports  and  political 
pamphlets  were  at  one  time  very  numer 
ous,  one  of  the  former,  on  commerce  and 
navigation,  having  gone  through  several 
editions  and  been  republished  in  Lon 
don.  He  died  April  30,  1862,  at  West 
Neck,  L.  I. 

CAMDEN,  JOHNSON  N.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  6,  1828,  in  Lewis  county,  W.  Va. 
He  was  appointed  a  cadet  to  West  Point 
in  1846;  and  resigned  in  1848.  He  was 


admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851;  appointed 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Braxton  county 
the  same  year,  and  was  elected  prosecut 
ing  attorney  for  Nicholas  county  in  1852. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  banking  business 
from  1854  to  1858,  when  he  entered  into 
the  development  of  petroleum  and  manu 
facturing  interests  at  Parkersburg;  and 
was  made  president  of  the  First  National 
bank  of  that  city  in  1862.  He  was  the 
nominee  of  the  democratic  party  for  gov 
ernor  in  1868  and  again  in  1872;  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention  of  1868,  1872  and  1876.  He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate,  and 
took  his  seat  March  4,  1881,  and  served 
till  March  3,  1887;  and  was  in  the  United 
States  senate  in  1893-95,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
He  was  instrumental  in  organizing  the 
Ohio  River  Railroad  company  and  building 
a  road  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Ohio  river 
from  Wheeling,  by  way  of  Parkersburg,  to 
Huntington,  and  later  he  organized  and 
built  the  railroad  from  Fairmont  to 
Clarksburg,  opening  up  a  coal  field  which 
is  now  marketing  over  a  million  tons  of 
coal  and  coke  annually.  He  is  president 
of  the  Monongahela  River  road,  and  the 
West  Virginia  and  Pittsburg  road;  and 
is  also  the  president  of  other  railroads 
and  business  enterprises. 

CAMERON,  ALEXANDER,  manufactu 
rer,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1834,  in  Scotland. 
He  extended  the  tobacco  industry  by  or 
ganizing  the  firm  of  Alexander  Cameron 
and  Company,  of  Richmond,  in  1865;  and 
established  an  Australian  branch,  and 
built  large  factories  at  Melbourne,  Ade 
laide,  Sydney  and  Brisbane. 

CAMERON,  ALEXANDER,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  9,  1849,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
New  York  and  Jersey  Telephone  company, 
a  director  therein,  its  general  counsel, 
and  president  of  the  Automatic  Fire 
Alarm  company  of  Long  Island. 

CAMERON,  ANGUS,  was  born  July  4, 
1826,  in  Caledonia,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  state  senate  in  1863. 
1864,  1871  and  1872;  was  a  member  of  the 
assembly  in  1866  and  1867,  and  was  speak 
er  of  that  body  in  1867.  In  1875  he  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  from 
Wisconsin  for  the  term  ending  in  1881, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1881  for  the  re 
mainder  of  the  term  ending  in  1885,  to  fill 
a  vacancy. 

CAMERON,  HENRY  CLAY,  educator, 
author,  was  oorn  Sept.  1,  1827,  in  Shep- 
herdstown,  Va.  Meanwhile  he  was  princi 
pal  of  the  Edgehill  school  in  Princeton  in 
1851,  and  in  1852-55  tutor  at  the  college. 
He  was  made  adjunct  professor  of  Greek 
in  1855,  associate  in  1860,  and  since  1877 
he  has  held  the  chair  of  the  Greek  lan 
guage  and  literature  in  Princeton  college. 
In  addition  he  was  instructor  in  French 
in  1859-70,  and  librarian  in  1865-72.  For 
more  than  twenty  years  he  edited  the 
General  Catalogue  of  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  and,  in  addition  to  cyclopaedia 
articles  and  essays,  including  one  on  Jon 
athan  Dickinson  and  the  Rise  of  Col 
leges  in  America,  he  has  published  Prince 
ton  Roll  of  Honor,  a  list  of  the  grad 
uates  of  that  college  that  fought  in  the 
war  for  the  union;  and  The  History  of  the 
American  Whig  Society. 

CAMERON,  I.  W.,  poet.  He  has  con 
tributed  many  meritorious  poems  to  the 
press  of  Iowa. 

CAMERON,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born 
March  1,  1801,  in  Maytown,  Pa.  He  took 
the  colonelcy  of  the  seventy-ninth  New 
York  highland  regiment  of  volunteers,  and 
at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  July  21, 
1861,  fell,  at  the  head  of  his  men,  mortally 
wounded. 


CAMERON,  JAMES  DONALD,  states 
man,  was  born  May  14,  1833,  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  re 
publican  national  convention  at  Chicago 
in  1880;  and  was  elected  a  United  States 
senator  from  Pennsylvania  as  a  republi 
can,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  res 
ignation  of  his  father,  Simon  Cameron,  in 
1877,  and  was  re-elected  in  1879,  in  1885 
and  in  1890. 

CAMERON,  PAUL  CARRINGTON,  law 
yer,  financier,  state  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  25,  1808,  in  Stagville,  N.  C.  He 
promoted  the  building  of  the  North  Caro 
lina  railroad,  and  served  for  one  year  as 
president.  In  1856  Orange  county  sent 
him  to  the  state  senate.  He  died  Jan.  6, 
1891,  in  Hillsboro,  N.  C. 

CAMERON,  ROBERT  ALEXANDER, 
physician,  soldier,  was  born  Feb.  22.  1828, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Indiana  legislature  in  1860-61.  He  en 
tered  the  national  service  as  a  captain 
in  1861,  and  was  made  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers  in  1863.  He  was  superintend 
ent  of  the  colony  that  founded  the  town  of 
Greeley,  Col.,  in  1870,  and  of  the  Colorado 
springs  and  Manitou  colonies  in  1871. 
In  1885  he  was  made  warden  of  the  state 
penitentiary  at  Canon  City,  Col. 

CAMERON,  SIMON,  journalist,  states 
man,  was  born  March  8,  1799,  in  Lancas 
ter  county,  Pa.  Before  entering  congress 
he  was  the  cashier  of  a  bank,  president  of 
two  railroad  companies,  and  adjutant-gen 
eral  of  the  state.  He  was  first  elected  a 
senator  in  congress  in  1845.  In  1860  he 
was  prominently  mentioned  as  a  candi 
date  for  the  presidency;  in  1861  became 
secretary  of  war  under  President  Lincoln; 
and  in  1862  resigned  that  position  and 
was  appointed  minister  to  Russia.  In  1867 
he  was  again  chosen  a  senator  in  congress 
for  the  term  ending  in  1873,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  senate  for  a  fourth  term, 
and  resigned  in  1877.  He  died  June  26, 
1889,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa. 

CAMERON,  WILLIAM  E.,  governor. 
He  was  elected  governor  of  Virginia  for 
the  term  of  four  years,  from  1882. 

CAMINETTI,  ANTHONY,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  30,  1854,  in  Jack 
son,  Cal.  He  was  elected  district  attorney 
of  Amador  county  in  1877  for  two  years, 
re-elected  in  1879  for  three  years;  and  was 
elected  to  the  state  assembly  in  1883.  He 
declined  renomination,  and  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  in  1886.  He  has  been 
engaged  in  practical  fruit  culture.  He  is 
the  first  native  of  California  after  it  be 
came  a  state  elected  to  congress;  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CAMP,  DAVID  NELSON,  educator, 
banker,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1820,  in  Durham, 
Ky.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Durham,  Meriden 
and  Hartford  Gram 
mar  schools.  He  has 
served  as  state  su 
perintendent  o  f 
schools;  was  profes 
sor  in  St.  John's  col 
lege,  and  attained 
prominence  as  one 
of  the  foremost  edu 
cators  of  the  New 
England  states.  He 
has  filled  numerous 
positions  of  honor  in 
his  city,  county  and  state;  was  auditor  of 
the  National  Council,  and  is  a  prominent 
member  of  various  fraternal  orders.  For 
many  years  he  has  retired  from  active 
work,  but  holds  the  position  of  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  National  bank  of  New  Brit 
ain,  Conn. 


188 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CAMP,  E.  C.,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born 
Aug.  1,  1839,  in  Knox  county,  Ohio.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war  until  1864;  in  1869 
was  appointed  United  States  district  at 
torney,  and  since  1868  has  been  president 
and  manager  of  the  Coal  Creek  Coal  com 
pany  of  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

CAMP,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  April  14,  1840,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
He  was  district  attorney  of  Wayne  county 
from  1867  to  1870;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

CAMP,  WALTER,  author,  was  born  in 
1859  in  Cincinnati.  He  is  a  writer  of 
prominence  on  athletic  matters,  and  the 
author  of  Book  of  College  Sports;  Ameri 
can  Football;  Football  Facts  and  Figures; 
and  Football. 

CAMPAU,  DANIEL  J.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Aug.  20,  1852,  in  Detroit,  Mich.  Several 
times  a  delegate  to  local,  state  and  na 
tional  conventions,  he  aided  in  nominat 
ing  and  electing  President  Cleveland  in 
1884,  and  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Demo 
cratic  state  committee  since  1886.  He 
was  collector  of  customs  at  Detroit  in  188G- 
90.  He  is  the  principal  owner  of  the 
Detroit  Driving  club,  president  of  the 
American  Trotting  association,  and  con 
trolling  owner  of  the  newspaper  called 
the  Chicago  Horseman. 

CAMPBELL,  ALEXANDER,  theologian, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1788,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  West  Vir 
ginia,  who  was  the  founder  of  the  sect  of 
Campbellites,  or  Disciples  of  Christ.  He 
established  Bethany  college  of  Virginia  in 
1841,  and  was  its  first  president.  His 
writings,  mainly  controversial,  are  nearly 
sixty  in  number,  among  them  being  Chris 
tian  Baptism;  Infidelity  Refuted  by  In 
fidels;  Essay  on  Life  and  Death;  Popular 
Lectures  and  Addresses;  Christianity  as 
it  Was;  Familiar  Lectures  on  the  Penta 
teuch;  and  Six  Letters  to  a  Sceptic.  He 
died  March  4,  1866,  in  Bethany,  W.  Va. 

CAMPBELL,  ALEXANDER,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1814, 
in  Concord,  Pa.  He  was  twice  mayor  of 
La  Salle,  111.;  and  served  two  terms 
in  the  Illinois  legislature.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  constitutional  convention 
of  1862;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

CAMPBELL,  ALEXANDER  AUGUS 
TUS,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  30,  1789,  in  Amherst  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  and  physi 
cian,  once  prominent  in  Tennessee,  whose 
only  book  was  a  work  on  Scripture  Bap 
tism.  He  died  May  27,  1846,  in  Jackson. 
Tenn. 

CAMPBELL,  ALEXANDER  JAMES, 
author.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Power 
of  Christ  to  Save  to  the  Uttermost;  Amer 
ican  Practical  Cyclopaedia;  and  A  True 
Friend,  reflections  on  Life,  Character,  and 
Conduct. 

CAMPBELL,  ANDREW,  inventor,  was 
born  Jan.  14,  1821,  near  Trenton,  N.  J. 
He  was  foreman  of  a  printing  press  fac 
tory;  invented  numerous  devices;  and  in 
1858  began  business  on  his  own  account. 
In  1866  he  invented  his  two-revolution 
book  press,  and  in  1868  his  art-press  for 
fine  art  illustrations.  He  constructed  the 
first  press  ever  built  that  printed,  inserted, 
pasted,  folded,  and  cut,  in  one  continuous 
operation.  His  patents  number  about 
fifty,  and  are  applied  to  every  branch  of 
press  building. 

CAMPBELL,  BARTLEY,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1843,  in  Alle 
gheny  City.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
1'ittsburg.  who  turned  his  attention  to  the 
stage  and  became  a  popular  playwright. 


He  was  the  author  of  My  Partner;  The 
Galley  Slave;  Matrimony;  Siberia;  The 
Big  Bonanza;  The  White  Slave;  and 
Peril.  He  died  July  30,  1888,  in  Middle- 
town,  N.  Y. 

CAMPBELL,  CHARLES,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  1,  1807,  in  Petersburg, 
Va.  He  was  an  educator  of  Petersburg, 
Va.,  whose  father,  John  Wilson  Camp 
bell,  a  bookseller  there  for  many  years, 
wrote  a  History  of  Virginia  to  1781.  The 
writings  of  Charles  Campbell  include 
History  of  the  Colony  of  Virginia;  Ge 
nealogy  of  the  Spotswood  Family;  The 
Bland  Papers;  and  Memoir  of  John  Daly 
Burk.  He  died  July  11,  1876,  in  Staunton, 
Va. 

CAMPBELL,  CHARLES  THOMAS,  sol 
dier,  state  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  10, 
1823,  in  Franklin  county,  Pa.  He  became 
second  lieutenant  in  the  eighth  United 
States  infantry,  and  served  through  the 
Mexican  war.  He  was  wounded  three 
times  at  Fair  Oaks,  and  twice  at  Freder- 
icksburg,  and  a  horse  was  killed  under 
him  in  each  of  these  battles.  He  was 
promoted  to  brigadier-general  on  March 
13,  1863,  and  after  the  close  of  the  war 
removed  to  Dakota.  In  1852  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  legis 
lature. 

CAMPBELL,  DAVID,  jurist.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  territorial  judges  ap 
pointed  after  the  adoption  of  the  consti 
tution.  In  1811  he  received  the  appoint 
ment  of  judge  for  the  territory  of  Missis 
sippi. 

CAMPBELL,  DAVID,  soldier,  governor. 
He  was  appointed  major  of  the  twelfth 
infantry  in  1812;  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  twentieth  infantry  in  1813,  and  re 
signed  in  1814.  He  was  governor  of  Vir 
ginia  from  1836  to  1839.  He  died  March 
19,  1859,  in  Abingdon,  Va. 

CAMPBELL,  DOUGLAS,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1840  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city,  whose 
notable  historical  work,  The  Puritan  in 
Holland,  England,  and  America,  has  at 
tracted  much  attention.  He  died  in  1893. 

CAMPBELL,  DOUGLAS  HOUGHTON, 
botanist,  author,  was  born  in  1859  in 
Michigan.  He  is  a  professor  of  botany  in 
Stanford  university,  and  the  author  of 
Elements  of  Structural  and  Systematic 
Botany,  and  Structure  and  Development 
of  the  Mosses  and  Ferns. 

CAMPBELL,  DUNCAN  R.,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1814, 
in  Scotland.  He  became  a  baptist,  and 
accepted  a  pastorate.  He  afterward  re 
moved  to  Kentucky,  and  was  elected  pro 
fessor  of  Hebrew  and  biblical  literature 
in  the  theological  seminary  at  Covington. 
In  1852  he  became  president  of  George 
town  college,  and  ably  discharged  the  du 
ties  of  that  office  until  his  death.  He  died 
Aug.  16,  1865,  in  Covington,  Ky. 

CAMPBELL,  EDNA  JANE,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  March  17,  1855,  in  Alamo, 
Ind.  Since  her  youth  she  has  been  en 
gaged  in  educational  work;  has  contrib 
uted  extensively  to  the  periodical  press; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritor 
ious  poems. 

CAMPBELL,  .ELIZABETH  CATHAR 
INE,  educator,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  7, 
1860,  in  Ontario,  Canada.  After  receiving 
her  education  she  began  educational  work, 
and  has  taught  in  various  schools  in  Can 
ada  and  North  Dakota,  to  which  state  she 
removed  in  1886.  For  many  years  she  has 
been  county  superintendent  of  schools  of 
Foster  county,  N.  D.  Mrs.  Campbell  has 
written  extensively  for  educational  pa 
pers  and  her  poems  have  appeared  in  some 
of  the  leading  magazines  and  newspapers 
of  America. 


CAMPBELL,  FELIX,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  28,  1829,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
For  thirteen  years  he  was  president  of  the- 
board  of  trustees  of  the  widows'  and  or 
phans'  fund  of  the  fire  department;  for 
twelve  years  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  Brooklyn  fire  department; 
became  a  director  in  several  corporations, 
and  for  twelve  years  was  a  member  of 
the  Brooklyn  board  of  education.  He  was 
elected  a  representative,  from  New  York, 
to  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth 
and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CAMPBELL,  GEORGE  TRUMAN,  phy 
sician,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1826,  in  Camillus, 
N.  Y.  He  was  president  of  the  Onondaga 
county  medical  society;  for  several  terms 
supervisor  of  the  town  of  Skaneateles,  and 
for  many  years  a  member  and  president 
of  the  board  of  education.  He  died  Feb. 
11,  1889,  in  Skaneateles,  N.  Y. 

CAMPBELL,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
jurist,  diplomat,  United  States  senator,, 
was  born  in  1768  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1803  to  1809;  was  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  court;  was  elected 
senator  of  the  United  States  in  1811,  and 
resigned  on  being  appointed  secretary  of 
the  treasury  in  1814.  He  resumed  his  seat 
in  the  senate  the  following  year,  and 
served  until  1818,  when  he  was  appointed 
minister  to  Russia,  where  he  remained 
until  1821.  In  1831  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  commissioners  to  settle  the  claims 
against  France.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1848,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

CAMPBELL,  MRS.  HELEN  STUART, 
author,  was  born  July  4,  1839,  in  Lockport, 
N.  Y.  She  is  a  writer  who  is  deeply  con 
cerned  in  philanthropic  and  social  re 
forms,  and  whose  work  covers  a  wide 
range  of  topics.  She  is  the  author  of  In 
Foreign  Kitchens;  The  Easiest  Way  in 
Housekeeping,  books  for  the  house 
keeper.  Prisoners  of  Poverty;  Prisoners 
of  Poverty  Abroad;  Some  Passages  in  the 
Life  of  Dr.  Martha  Scarborough;  Women 
Wage-Earners;  Problem  of  the  Poor; 
Darkness  and  Daylight  in  New  York,  re 
late  to  the  social  problems  of  the  time. 
Six  Sinners;  His  Grandmothers;  Roger 
Berkeley's  Probation;  Miss  Melinda's  Op 
portunity;  Mrs.  Herndon's  Income;  The 
What-to-Do-Club;  Under  Green  Apple- 
Boughs;  Unto  the  Third  and  Fourth  Gen 
eration;  Patty  Pearson's  Boy,  are  fic 
tion.  Other  works  are  Girls'  Handbook 
of  Work  and  Play;  A  Sylvan  City,  a  de 
scription  of  Philadelphia;  The  Ainslee 
Stories,  for  juvenile  readers,  and  Anne 
Bradstreet  and  her  Time. 

CAMPBELL,  HUGH  GEORGE,  naval 
officer,  was  born  in  1760  in  South  Caro 
lina.  In  1775  he  volunteered  on  board  the 
first  man-of-war  commissioned  by  the 
council  of  South  Carolina;  in  1812  com 
manded  some  gun-boats  in  St.  Mary's 
river  during  an  insurrection  against  the 
Spanish  rule  in  Florida.  He  died  Nov. 
11,  1820,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CAMPBELL,  JACOB  MILLER,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1821,  in 
Somerset  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  first  republican  convention,  held 
at  Philadelphia,  in  1856.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  from  1861  to  1865,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  brevet  brigadier-general.  He 
was  elected  surveyor-general  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1865,  and  re-elected,  serving  six 
years.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  state  college,  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-fifth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth 
and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  repub 
lican. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


189 


CAMPBELL,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1813  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In 
1842  he  was  a  judge  of  common  pleas, 
and  held  the  position  until  1850.  In  1852 
he  was  made  attorney-general  for  the 
state,  and  in  1853  went  into  the  cabinet  of 
President  Pierce,  as  postmaster-general. 

CAMPBELL,  JAMES  A.,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1847,  in  Platteville, 
Wis.  He  was  appointed  oculist  of  the 
Good  Samaritan  hospital  in  1873.  He  was 
also  chosen  professor  of  ophthalmology 
and  otology  in  the  Home  Medical  college 
of  Missouri.  When  the  Children's  free 
hospital  of  St.  Louis  was  founded,  in 
1879,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  its 
staff  of  physicians. 

CAMPBELL,  JAMES  E.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  July  17, 
1843,  in  Middletown,  Ohio.  He  served  in 
the  United  States  Navy  during  the  civil 
war,  and  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  But 
ler  county,  Ohio,  from  1876  to  1880.  In 
1882  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  forty-eighth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress 
as  a  democrat.  In  1889  he  was  elected 
governor  of  Ohio. 

CAMPBELL,  JAMES  GARLAND,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1863,  in  Gallipo- 
lis,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the  De 
Pauw  university,  and  from  the  Allegheny 
college;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of 
A.  B.  and  Ph.  D.  He  is  a  successful 
clergyman  in  the  northwest  Indiana  con 
ference  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church,  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  many 
important  churches  in  Indiana.  He  is  the 
superintendent  of  the  literary  department 
of  Epworth  League  for  Indiana;  was  a 
delegate  to  the  International  Epworth 
League  convention  held  in  Cleveland  in 
1893,  and  also  in  Toronto,  Canada,  in 
1897. 

CAMPBELL,  JAMES  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1820,  in  Wil- 
liamsport,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Whig  convention  at  Baltimore;  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1855  to  1857,  and  again  from 
1858  to  1861.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress;  in  1864  was 
appointed  minister  resident  to  Sweden; 
and  in  1866  was  made  minister  to  Bogota. 

CAMPBELL,  JAMES  R.,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  May  4,  1853,  in 
Hamilton  county,  111.  In  1878  he  pur 
chased  The  Times  of  McLeansboro,  111., 
and  has  since  edited  it.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Illinois  house  of  representatives  in 
1884  and  1886;  advanced  to  the  senate  in 
1888,  and  re-elected  in  1892.  During  these 
twelve  years'  continuous  service  in  the 
general  assembly  of  Illinois  he  partici 
pated  in  the  memorable  Morrison-Logan 
contest  for  the  United  States  senate,  in 
the  session  of  1885;  and  was  one  of  the 
101  democrats  that  elected  Gen.  John  M. 
Palmer  United  States  senator  in  1891. 
He  has  served  for  the  past  twelve  years  as 
a  member  of  the  judiciary,  appropriation, 
revenue,  and  agricultural  committees,  and 
during  this  time  introduced  and  secured 
the  passage  of  many  important  bills  of 
interest  to  the  citizens  of  Illinois.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

CAMPBELL,  JAMES  VALENTINE, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1823,  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  Michigan  jurist, 
and  the  author  of  Outlines  of  the  Politifcal 
History  of  Michigan.  He  died  March  26, 
1890,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

CAMPBELL,  JEREMIAH  ROCKWELL, 
business  man,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1827,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  has  attained  success  in 
the  hotel  business;  and  was  active  in  or 
ganizing  the  Jacksonville  loan  and  im 
provement  company. 


CAMPBELL,  JESSE  H.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1807,  in  Mclntosh 
county,  Ga.  He  is  one  of  the  most  labor 
ious  and  useful  preachers  in  his  native 
state.  His  chief  literary  work  is  Georgia 
Baptists — Historical  and  Biographical. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN,  financier,  was  born 
in  Virginia.  In  1829  he  was  appointed 
treasurer  of  the  United  States,  and  re 
mained  in  office  until  1839. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN,  jurist,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1801  to  1811; 
and  was  judge  of  the  orphans'  court  in 
Charles  county.  He  died  June  23,  1828,  in 
Charles  county,  Md. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  South  «Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1829  to  1831,  and  again  from  1837  to  1845. 
He  died  May  19,  1845,  in  Marlborough, 
S.  C. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1837  to  1843. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN,  journalist,  was 
born  in  1653  in  Scotland.  He  was  a  Bos 
ton  bookseller,  and  on  April  24,  1704,  is 
sued  the  Boston  News-Letter,  the  first 
permanent  newspaper  published  in  North 
America.  He  was  postmaster  of  Boston 
for  many  years,  ending  with  1718,  and  was 
for  several  years  justice  of  the  peace  for 
Suffolk  county.  He  died  March,  1728,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN,  surgeon,  was  born 
about  1822  in  New  York.  He  was  pro 
moted  surgeon  in  1861,  acting  through  the 
civil  war  in  that  grade,  and  at  its  close 
received  brevets  of  lieutenant-colonel  and 
colonel,  U.  S.  A.,  for  faithful  and  meritor 
ious  services.  He  was  advanced  to  the 
full  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  1877; 
colonel  in  1885,  and  placed  on  the  retired 
list  in  1885. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  ALLEN,  soldier, 
governor,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1835,  in  Salem, 
Ohio.  He  entered  the  volunteer  army  as 
second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general  for  cour 
age  in  the  field  and  marked  ability  and 
fidelity  at  Rich  Mountain,  Shiloh,  Perry- 
ville,  Murfreesborough,  and  through  the 
Atlanta  campaign.  In  1866  he  became  as 
sistant  editor  of  the  Cleveland  Daily 
Leader;  was  soon  appointed  in  the  regu 
lar  army,  and  made  a  lieutenant-colonel, 
serving  as  adjutant  on  the  staff  of  General 
Schofield.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  the 
first  governor  of  the  territory  of  Wy 
oming;  and  reappointed  in  1873.  He  died 
July  14,  1880,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  ARCHIBALD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  June  24,  1811,  in 
Washington,  Ga.  He  was  appointed  an 
associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States,  which  office  he  re 
signed  in  1861,  after  the  commencement  of 
the  rebellion.  He  was  opposed  to  the  se 
cession  of  Alabama,  and  in  1864  did  all  in 
his  power  to  bring  the  war  to  a  close. 
He  died  March  12,  1889,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  G.,  statesman,  was 
born  June  25,  1827,  at  Glasgow,  Scotland. 
In  1863  he  settled  in  the  territory  of  Ari 
zona;  filled  various  county  offices;  was  a 
member  of  the  territorial  council  in  1868 
and  1874;  and  was  elected  a  delegate  from 
the  territory  of  Arizona  to  the  forty-sixth 
congress. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1845  to  1847, 
declining  the  renomination.  He  died  Jan. 
19,  1868,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  LYLE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1818,  in  Rock- 


bridge  county,  Va.  He  was  a  professor  of 
chemistry  at  Washington  and  Lee  college, 
1851-86,  and  was  the  author  of  Manual  of 
Scientific  and  Practical  Agriculture;  Ida 
ho,  Six  Months  in  the  New  Gold  Diggings; 
Guide  to  the  Agricultural  and  Mineral 
West;  and  Geology  and  Mineral  Re 
sources  of  the  James  River  Valley,  Vir 
ginia.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1886,  in  Lexington, 
Va. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  P.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  house  of  representatives 
from  Christian  county,  in  1826;  and  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
to  the  thirty-fourth  congress. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  POAGE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1767  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  popular  clergyman  on  the  Ohio  bor 
der,  and  the  author  of  The  Passenger; 
Strictures  on  Stone's  Letters  on  the 
Atonement;  Vindex;  Letters  to  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Craighead;  The  Pelagian  Defeated; 
and  An  Answer  to  Jones.  He  died  Nov.  4, 
1814,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  PRESTON,  lawyer, 
author,   poet,  was  born  April  8,   1847,  in 
Boston,   Mass.      He    attended    the    South 
Medfield     and     Wai- 
pole     high     schools, 
Massachusetts;     and 
the    Cornell    college 
of     Mount     Vernon, 
Iowa.      He  served  as 
a  union  soldier  dur 
ing    the     civil     war 
.    in    battery    H,    first 
*--    i  Rhode    Island     light 

^^H^-  I    artillery;     was    cor- 

I    poral,      and      subse- 
I    quently         brevetted 
sergeant,  for  bravery 

in  battle.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  the 
Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Petersburgh, 
Chantilla,  and  Sailors'  Creek.  He  was 
in  the  army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was 
wounded  three  times.  He  is  the  author  of 
the  following  novels:  Merl  of  Medavon; 
My  Mate  Immortal;  The  Woman  of  Chalk; 
and  others.  He  is  also  author  of  the  fol 
lowing  poetical  works:  Queen  Sylvia; 
The  Summerless  Sea;  Republica;  and  The 
Land  of  Sun  and  Song.  For  many  years 
he  conducted  a  successful  law  business  in 
Abilene,  Kan.;  and  now  devotes  his  time 
to  literature  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  TYLER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  orator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  9, 
1843,  in  Bowling  Green,  Mo.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  common 
schools,  and  at  the 
McGee  college;  and 
taught  school.  In 
1861  he  entered  the 
union  army  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of 
captain  in  the  thir 
ty-second  regiment 
Missouri  volunteer 
infantry.  After  the 
war  he  was  elected 
prosecuting  attor 
ney;  and  in  1870  was 
corporation  attorney  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Since  1874  he  has  practiced  law  in  Santa 
Rosa,  Cal.;  and  has  served  two  sessions 
in  the  California  state  legislature,  once  as 
speaker  of  the  house.  He  was  appointed 
consul  of  the  United  States  to  New  Zea 
land,  and  again  appointed  consul  to  China. 
He  was  president  of  the  board  of  free 
holders  appointed  to  frame  a  charter  for 
Santa  Rosa.  He  stands  high  in  Masonic 
circles.  He  has  traveled  extensively  in 
China,  Japan,  and  the  south  seas;  has 
written  and  published  numerous  short 
stories;  and  delivered  orations  and  public 
lectures. 


190 


HERRINGSHA\V'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CAMPBELL,  JOHN  WILSON,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1782,  in 
Augusta  county,  Va.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1817  to 
1827;  and  was  United  States  judge  for  the 
district  of  Ohio.  He  died  Sept.  24,  1833, 
in  Delaware,  Ohio. 

CAMPBELL,  JOSIAH  A.  P.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
March  2,  1830,  in  South  Carolina.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  legisla 
ture  and  speaker  of  the  house;  circuit 
judge,  supreme  judge  for  eighteen  years, 
and  chief  justice.  He  has  been  in  the 
confederate  service  as  a  captain,  lieuten 
ant-colonel,  and  colonel.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  the  Mississippi  Revised  Code  of 
1880,  which  emancipated  married  women 
from  the  disabilities  of  coverture. 

CAMPBELL,  LEWIS  D.,  was  born  Aug. 
9,  1811,  in  Franklin,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  congress  from  Ohio  in  1848, 
and  was  re-elected  to  each  successive  con 
gress,  down  to  the  thirty-fifth,  when  his 
seat  was  contested,  and  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  decided  against  his  claim. 
In  1865  he  was  appointed  minister  to  Mex 
ico.  He  was  subsequently  elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress.  He  died  Nov.  26, 
1882. 

CAMPBELL,  REMER  CAIN,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  8,  1860,  in  Marlinsville,  N. 
J.  He  attended  the  grammar  school  of 
Somerville,  N.  J.;  and  received  an  aca 
demical  course  of  education.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1885,  and  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  Hamburg,  Iowa;  where 
he  has  served  as  city  attorney,  and  attor 
ney  of  his  county.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
board  of  education;  and  takes  a  promi 
nent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state. 

CAMPBELL,  RICHARD,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  commissioned 
captain  in  1776,  and  subsequently  major, 
was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel,  and 
commanded  a  Virginia  regiment  at  Guil- 
ford,  Hobkirk's  Hill,  Ninety-Six,  and 
Eutaw  Springs,  where  he  was  mortally 
wounded  while  leading  the  charge  that 
drove  the  British  from  the  field.  He  died 
Sept.  8, 1781,  in  Eutaw  Springs,  S.  C. 

CAMPBELL,  ROBERT,  soldier,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1755  in  Virginia.  He  dis 
played  great  bravery  in  many  conflicts 
with  the  Cherokees,  and  commanded  a 
regiment  at  the  battle  of  King's  Mountain, 
in  1780.  He  was  nearly  forty  years  a 
magistrate  of  Washington  county,  Va., 
and  in  1825  emigrated  to  Tennessee.  He 
died  February,  1832,  near  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

CAMPBELL,  ROBERT  B.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1823  to  1825,  and 
again  from  1835  to  1837. 

CAMPBELL,  SAMUEL,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  In  Mansfield, 
Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1821  to  1823; 
and  previously  had  served  five  years  in 
the  assembly  of  that  state. 

CAMPBELL,  SAMUEL  L.,  educator, 
college  president.  He  was  second  presi 
dent  of  Washington  and  Lee  university. 

CAMPBELL,  THOMAS  BLAKE,  archi 
tect,  manufacturer,  inventor,  was  born 
June  8,  1854,  in  Fayetteville,  N.  Y.  He 
was  the  builder  of  the  Memorial  chapel, 
Franklin  hall,  Morse  hall,  Armory  hall, 
and  other  buildings  of  the  Cornell  univer 
sity.  In  1889  he  discovered  a  valuable 
deposit  of  clay  in  Tompkins  county,  N.  Y., 
suitable  for  the  manufacture  of  white  and 
buff  pressed  brick  and  terra  cotta;  built 
extensive  works  for  its  manufacture;  and 
has  invented  numerous  devices  to  expe 
dite  the  work  of  manufacture. 


CAMPBELL,  THOMAS  F.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1«34  to  1835. 

CAMPBELL,  THOMAS  J.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  that  state  from 
1841  to  1843;  and  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1837  and  1841.  He  died  April  13, 
1850,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CAMPBELL,  THOMAS  J.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  WETS  born  April  29,  1848, 
in  New  York  city.  In  1885  he  was  ap 
pointed  rector  of  St.  John's  college;  and 
in  1886  was  chosen  the  thirteenth  presi 
dent  of  St.  John's  college  of  Fordham, 
N.  Y. 

CAMPBELL,  THOMPSON,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Illinois, 
from  1851  to  1853.  He  died  Dec.  7,  1868, 
in  California. 

CAMPBELL,  TIMOTHY  J.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1840  in  Ireland.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly  in 
1860-75;  and  was  afterwards  elected  jus 
tice  of  the  fifth  district  civil  court  in 
New  York  city;  and  served  six  years  in 
that  capacity.  In  1883  he  was  returned  to 
the  state  assembly;  and  was  nominated 
for  state  senator  and  elected.  In  1885  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-ninth  congress,  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  and  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth, 
fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

CAMPBELL,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  1745  in  Augusta  county, 
Va.  In  1781  he  was  appointed  brigadier- 
general  in  the  revolutionary  war;  and  in 
1780  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
state  legislature.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1781, 
in  Rocky  Mills,  Va. 

CAMPBELL,  WILLIAM  BOWEN,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Feb.  1,  1807,  in  Sumner  county,  Tenn. 
He  was  chosen  attorney-general  for  the 
fourth  district;  was  elected  to  the  Ten 
nessee  legislature  in  1835;  and  raised  a 
company  and  served  as  captain  in  the 
Creek  and  Florida  wars  of  1836.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Tennes 
see  from  1837  to  1843;  in  1844  was  elected 
major-general  of  militia,  and  was  colonel 
of  the  first  regiment  of  Tennessee  volun 
teers  in  the  Mexican  war.  From  1850  to 
1853  he  was  governor  of  Tennessee,  and 
in  1857  was  chosen,  by  a  unanimous  vote 
of  the  legislature,  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  Tennessee.  In  1862  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  brigadier-general  in  the  union 
army.  He  was  again  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He 
died  Aug.  19,  1867,  in  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

CAMPBELL,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  14,  1808,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He 
was  a  Dutch  Reformed  clergyman,  presi 
dent  of  Rutgers  college,  1863-82.  He  was 
the  author  of  Subjects  and  Modes  of  Bap 
tism;  Influence  of  Christianity  in  Civil 
and  Religious  Liberty;  and  System  of 
Catechetical  Instruction.  He  died  Dec.  7, 
1890,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

CAMPBELL,  WILLIAM  M.,  farmer,  sol 
dier,  state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  17, 
1845,  in  Shelby  county,  Ind.  He  served 
three  years  as  a  soldier  during  the  civil 
war  in  the  seventh  Indiana  infantry  and 
was  severely  wounded  several  times.  He 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Fredericks- 
burg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  and  the 
Wilderness,  and  was  twice  made  a  pris 
oner  of  war.  In  1888  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Kansas  legislature  on  the 
labor  ticket;  in  1890  on  the  Alliance 
ticket,  and  in  1892  and  in  1894  on  the 
populist  ticket. 


CAMPBELL,  WILLIAM  W.,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  June  10,  1806, 
in  Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1845  to  1847;  was  later  appointed  a. 
justice  of  the  superior  court  of  New  York 
city,  and  served  seven  years;  and  was 
subsequently  elected  a  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  state.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Annals  of  Tryon  County,  reissued 
as  Border  Warfare;  Memoirs  of  Mrs. 
Grant,  Missionary  to  Persia;  Life  and 
Writings  of  De  Witt  Clinton;  and 
Sketches  of  Robin  Hood  and  Captain 
Kidd.  He  died  Sept.  7,  1881,  in  Cherry 
Valley,  N.  Y. 

CAMPLIN,  MEREDETH  B.,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  3,  1859,  in  Davies  county,  Mo. 
For  three  years  he  was  city  attorney  of 
Douglas,  Wyo.,  and  for  six  years  of  New- 
Castle;  and  for  two  years  was  prosecut 
ing  attorney  of  Weston  county,  Wyo.  For 
two  terms  he  has  served  his  city  as 
mayor;  and  in  1894  was  the  republican 
candidate  for  district  judge.  He  Is  a, 
noted  criminal  lawyer,  and  holds  a  high, 
position  in  the  public  affairs  of  Wyoming. 

CANADA,  LUCIUS  TULLIUS  MAR- 
CELLUS,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  bora 
July  12,  1859,  in  Fayette  county,  Tenn. 
He  attended  the  southwestern  Baptist 
university  of  Jackson,  Tenn.,  from  which, 
institution  he  received  the  degree  of  A. 
M.  In  1887  he  graduated  in  law  from  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  university  of 
Lebanon,  Tenn.  He  has  been  professor  of 
mathematics  and  Greek  in  several  large 
institutions;  and  since  1887  has  success 
fully  practiced  law  in  Memphis,  Tenn. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  a  state  senator  in 
the  Tennessee  legislature;  and  received 
the  re-election  in  1896. 

CANBY,  EDWARD  RICHARD 
SPRIGGS,  soldier,  was  born  in  1819  in 
Kentucky.  He  served  in  the  Mexican 
war;  and  during  the  civil  war  was  pro 
moted  to  brigadier-general.  He  was 
killed  April  11,  1873,  in  Siskiyou  county, 
Cal. 

CANBY,  RICHARD  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1847 
to  1849. 

GANDERS,  ALBERT  C.,  merchant,  leg 
islator,  was  born  June  19,  1845,  in  New 
port,  R.  I.  He  is  a  successful  merchant  of 
Newport,  R.  I.;  and  since  1873  has  served 
as  chairman  of  the  republican  city  com 
mittee;  and  as  a  member  of  the  state  cen 
tral  committee  since  1882.  During  1881- 
82  he  served  with  distinction  in  the  Rhode 
Island  state  legislature;  and  in  1883-84 
was  appointed  on  Governor  Bourne's  per 
sonal  staff.  In  1892  he  was  elected  state 
auditor  and  insurance  commissioner  for 
the  state  of  Rhode  Island. 

CANDLER,  ALLEN  D.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1834,  in 
Lumpkin  county,  Ga.  He  entered  the 
confederate  army  as  a  private,  and  rose, 
through  the  intermediate  grades,  to  the 
colonelcy  of  his  regiment.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  Baily  institute  of  Griffin,  Ga.,  from 
1866  to  1870.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives  from  1872 
to  1878;  state  senator  from  1878  to  1880; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Georgia  to  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth 
and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CANDLER,  ASA  GRIGGS,  druggist, 
was  born  Dec.  30,  1851,  in  Villa  Rica,  Ga. 
In  1888  he  entered  upon  a  course  of  med 
ical  manufacturing  in  Atlanta,  Ga.  He 
conceived  the  idea  of  having  experts  make 
a  summer  beverage  that  was  healthful 
and  stimulating,  and  the  result  was  the 
universally  popular  Coca  Cola. 


HB:RRINGSHAWS  ENCYCLOPEDIA  OF  AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


191 


CANDLER,  JOHN  W.,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  10, 
1828,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  engaged 
in  merchandising  and  maritime  transpor 
tation,  and  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1866.  He  was  president 
of  the  board  of  trade  and  of  the  Com 
mercial  club  of  Boston,  and  was  eleeted 
a  representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  forty-seventh  congress,  and  subse 
quently  to  the  fifty-first  congress. 

CANDLER,  MILTON  A.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  11, 
1837,  in  Campbell  county,  Ga.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  from  1861 
to  1863,  and  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention  in  1865.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  in  1868  for  four  years;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Georgia 
to  the  forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth  con 
gresses. 

CANDLER,  WARREN  A.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1857,  in 
Carroll  county,  Ga.  In  1886  he  was  elected 
assistant  editor  of  the  Nashville  Christian 
Advocate,  and  in  1888  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  Emory  college,  being  the  youngest 
president  ever  elected  to  an  American  col 
lege. 

CANFIELD,  JAMES  H.,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  March  18,  1847,  in  Dela 
ware,  Ohio.  In  1877  he  was  called  to  the 
state  university  of  Kansas  and  remained 
there  as  professor  of  English  literature 
and  history;  then  of  history  and  political 
science,  and  lastly  of  American  history 
and  civics;  until  1891,  when  he  became 
chancellor  of  the  university  of  Nebraska. 
He  resigned  in  1895  to  become  president 
of  Ohio  state  university. 

CANFIELD,  JOHN,  railroad  president, 
was  born  May  17,  1830,  in  Berkshire  coun 
ty,  Mass.  Since  1892  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Manistee  and  Grand  Rapids  rail 
way. 

CANN,  JAMES  FERRIS,  lawyer,  was 
born  Dec.  11,  1868,  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Savannah,  at 
tended  the  Georgia  Military  academy, 
and  graduated  in  law  from  the  university 
of  Virginia.  He  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of  his  native  city, 
where  he  is  president  of  the  Citizens' 
club,  secretary  of  the  Savannah  volun 
teer  guards,  and  first  lieutenant  of  com 
pany  C  of  that  command.  He  is  a  prom 
inent  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias 
and  other  fraternal  bodies. 

CANNON,  CHARLES  JAMES,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1800,  in  New  York 
city.  Besides  compiling  a  series  of  read 
ers  he  published,  among  other  works, 
Poems,  Dramatic  and  Miscellaneous;  Pen- 
cillings  from  the  Web  of  Life,  and  a  num 
ber  of  dramas  now  forgotten.  He  died 
Nov.  9,  1860,  in  New  York  city. 

CANNON,  CHARLES  WESLEY,  pio 
neer,  capitalist,  was  born  July  1,  1836,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  is  the  largest  tax 
payer  in  Helena,  Mont.;  and  is  a  leading 
spirit  in  gas,  electric  light  and  street 
railroad  companies,  and  president  of  sev 
eral  of  them.  He  is  also  vice-president 
of  The  Montana  Central  railway;  and 
proprietor  of  a  ranch  of  3,000  acres, 
stocked  with  cattle,  horses  and  sheep. 

CANNON,  FRANK  J.,  journalist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1859,  at 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  He  is  a  printer  and 
newspaper  writer.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  republican  national  convention  at 
Minneapolis  in  1892;  was  defeated  for 
delegate  to  congress  in  1892;  and  was 
elected  delegate  to  congress  in  1894;  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  Jan. 
22,  1896. 


CANNON,  GEORGE  Q.,  journalist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  11, 
1827,  in  England.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislative  council  of  Utah  in 
1865,  1866,  1869,  and  the  three  succeed 
ing  years.  In  1865  he  was  elected  a  re 
gent  of  the  Deseret  universuy.  At  a  con 
stitutional  convention  held  at  Salt  Lake 
City  in  1872  he  was  elected  a  delegate  to 
present  the  constitution  and  memorial  to 
congress  for  the  admission  of  the  terri 
tory  into  the  union  as  a  state;  and  was 
elected  delegate  from  Utah  to  the  forty- 
third,  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth, 
and  forty-seventh  congresses. 

CANNON,  HENRY  W.,  banker,  was 
born  in  1850,  in  Delhi,  N.  Y.  He  organ 
ized  the  Lumberman's  National  bank,  of 
which  he  was  made  cashier.  He  was  also 
secretary  of  the  chamber  of  commerce  of 
Stillwater;  and  secretary,  treasurer  and 
general  manager  of  the  water  and  gas 
companies  of  the  city.  In  1884  he  was  ap 
pointed  comptroller  of  the  currency  in 
the  United  States  treasury  at  Washing 
ton;  and  resigned  in  1886  to  accept  the 
position  of  vice-president  of  the  National 
Bank  of  the  Republic  of  New  York  city. 

CANNON,  JAMES  SPENCER,  educator, 
clergyman,  lecturer,  was  born  in  1776,  in 
West  Indies.  He  was  a  Dutch  reformed 
clergyman  of  New  Jersey;  and  was  pro 
fessor  of  metaphysics  at  Rutgers  college, 
1826-56.  He  is  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
Chronology;  and  Lectures  on  Pastoral 
Theology.  He  died  in  1852. 

CANNON,  JOSEPH  G.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  7,  1836,  in  Gull- 
ford,  N.  C.  He  was  state's  attorney  in 
Illinois  from  1861  to  1868;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third,  forty-fourth, 
forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh, 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth, 
and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

CANNON,  MARION,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  30,  1834,  in  Morgantown,  W.  Va. 
He  was  elected  county  recorder  of  Nevada 
^^^^^^^^^^^     county  in   1869,    and 
|   served     two     years. 
I  When    the    Farmers' 
Alliance    was    intro 
duced  into  California 
joined     that     order; 
and  was  unanimous 
ly    elected     its    first 
state     president     in 
1890.      He  organized 
the  people's  party  of 
California    in    1891; 
was  chosen   a  repre 
sentative   to  the  su 
preme    council    at    Indianapolis    in   1891; 
was   selected   by   that   body  to   represent 
California  in  the  industrial  conference  at 
St.   Louis  in  1892,  and  was  chosen  tem 
porary  chairman  over  that  body;    and  was 
selected  chairman  of  the  California  dele 
gation  to  the  national  convention  of  the 
people's  party  at  Omahp.  in  1832.    He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress. 

CANNON,  NEWTON,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  about  1781,  in  Guil- 
ford  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Tennessee  from 
1814  to  1817,  and  again  from  1819  to  1823. 
He  was  governor  of  Tennessee  from  1835 
to  1839.  He  died  Sept.  29,  1842,  in  Har- 
peth,  Tenn. 

CANNON,  WILLIAM,  state  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  in  1809,  in  Bridge- 
ville,  Del.  He  was  for  some  years  in  the 
state  legislature  of  Delaware;  and  was 
state  treasurer  and  member  of  the  peace 
congress  of  1861.  He  was  governor  of 
Delaware  from  1864  to  1865.  He  died 
March  1,  1865,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


CANON,  JOHN  W.,  educator,  was  born 
Feb.  11,  1844,  in  Mercer  county,  Pa.  He 
graduated  from  the  state  normal  school 
of  Edinboro,  Pa.,  and  there  taught  for 
several  years.  He  has  been  principal  of 
the  high  schools  of  Franklin,  Pa.,  and  is 
now  superintendent  of  public  schools  in 
Sharon,  Pa. 

CANT,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1863, 
in  Westfield,  Wis.  In  1885  he  graduated 
from  the  law  department  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Michigan;  and  since  1886  has 
practiced  his  profession  in  Duluth,  Minn. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Minnesota  house  of  representatives;  was 
city  attorney  of  Duluth  in  1895;  and  was 
elected  for  a  term  of  six  years  from  1896 
a  judge  of  the  district  court  of  Minne 
sota. 

CANTINE,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  eighth  congress,  but  resigned 
soon  after  taking  his  seat. 

CAPEHART,  JAMES,  congressman, 
was  born  March  7,  1847,  in  Mason  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  president  of  the  county 
court  of  Mason  county,  which  position  he 
held  in  1871-72,  and  from  1880  to  1885.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic 
convention  in  1888;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

CAPEN,  ELMER  HEWITT,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  April  5,  1838, 
in  Stoughton,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  legislature  when  only 
twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  was  or 
dained  to  the  ministry  in  1865;  and  has 
filled  important  pastorates  in  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  and  Providence,  R.  I.  Since  1875 
he  has  been  president  of  Tufts  college. 

CAPEN,  FRANCIS  L.,  meteorologist, 
was  born  March  17,  1817,  in  Sterling, 
Mass.  He  made  many  astronomical  dis 
coveries  and  remarkable  weather  predic 
tions,  the  latter  gaining  for  him  promi 
nence  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  He 
died  July  31,  1889. 

CAPEN,  JAMES  A.,  poet,  was  born  Jan. 
3,  1840,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1861  he 
moved  from  his  eastern  home  to  the 
Rocky  mountains  in 
Colorado,  and  subse 
quently  secured  a 
position  in  the 
United  States  mail 
service,  running  be 
tween  Denver  and 
Leavenworth,  Kan. 
He  served  through 
the  war,  enlisting  in 
the  seventh  Kansas 
volunteer  cavalry, 
and  serving  as  a 
volunteer  soldier 
four  years  and  four  days.  He  then  settled 
in  Missouri,  where  he  still  resides,  in 
Sedalia.  He  has  taught  school  for  twenty 
years;  and  is  now  serving  as  quarter 
master  of  Gen.  George  R.  Smith  Post  No. 
53,  Department  of  Missouri,  G.  A.  R.;  and 
is  assessor  of  his  county.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  some  very  fine  poems;  and  as  an 
elocutionist  he  has  become  well  known  in 
his  adopted  state. 

CAPEN,  NAHUM,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  April  1,  1804,  in  Canton,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Boston  publisher  who  was  post 
master  in  1857-61,  and  introduced  the  cus 
tom  of  street  letter-box  collections.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Republic  of  the 
United  States;  Reminiscences  of  Spurz- 
heim  and  Combe;  and  History  of  Dem 
ocracy,  or  Political  Progress  Historically 
Illustrated.  He  died  in  1886,  in  Dorches 
ter,  Mass. 


192 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMKRICAX    BIOGRAPHY. 


CAPERS,  ELLISON,  bishop  of  South 
Carolina,  was  horn  Oct.  14,  1837,  in  Char 
leston,  S.  C.  He  served  throughout  the 
war  in  the  confederate  service;  and  was 
three  times  severely  wounded:  and  was 
promoted  colonel  and  brigadier-general. 
He  was  elected  secretary  of  state  in  1866. 

CAPERS,  WILLIAM,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  26,  1790,  in  St.  Thomas 
parish,  S.  C.  He  was  a  methodist  bishop 
once  prominent  in  the  south;  and  is  the 
author  of  Cathechisms  for  Negro  Miss 
ions;  and  Short  Sermons  and  True  Tales 
for  Children.  He  died  Jan.  29,  1855,  in 
Anderson,  S.  C. 

CAPERTON,  ALLEN  TAYLOR,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  state  senator, 
was  born  Nov.  21,  1810,  in  Union,  Va.  He 
served  in  the  legislature  of  Virginia  a 
number  of  years;  in  1861  was  a  member 
of  the  state  convention  to  consider  the 
impending  troubles,  and  took  the  side  of 
the  union,  but  when  the  state  went  out 
of  the  union  he  sided  with  the  south.  In 
1863  he  was  elected  to  the  confederate 
senate;  was  pardoned  by  President  John 
son  after  the  war;  and  in  1875  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  from  West  Virginia. 
He  died  July  25,  1876,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

CAPERTON,  HUGH,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1780,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  for  many  years  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  the  Green- 
brier  region  of  Virginia  from  1813  to  1815. 
He  died  Feb.  9,  1847,  in  Monroe  county, 
Va. 

CAPPELLER,  WILLIAM  S.,  public  of 
ficial,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1839, 
in  Somerset,  Pa.  During  1877-83  he  was 
county  auditor  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
and  commissioner  of 
railroads  and  tele 
graphs  of  Ohio  in 
1887-89.  He  was 
grand  master  of  the 
Independent  Order 
of  Odd  Fellows  of 
Ohio  in  1879-80;  and 
in  1885  he  estab 
lished  The  Daily 
News  of  Mansfield, 
which  is  now  one  of 
the  leading  newspapers  of  Ohio.  In  1895 
he  became  president  of  the  National  Edi 
torial  association.  He  is  the  president 
and  general  manager  of  the  News  Print 
ing  company  of  Mansfield,  Ohio,  and  takes 
an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state. 

CAPRON,  ADIN  BALLOU,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1841,  in 
Mendon,  Mass.  He  enlisted  as  sergeant 
in  second  Rhode 
Island  infantry  in 
1861;  promoted  to 
sergeant-major  and 
lieutenant,  and  or 
dered  on  detached 
service  in  the  signal 
corps  in  December, 
1861.  He  served  in 
;"'  sisnal  corps  until 
tne  close  of  the  war, 
having  been  commis- 
sioned  first  lieuten 
ant  in  the  signal 
corps.  United  States  army,  in  1863,  and 
receiving  promotion  to  the  rank  of  cap 
tain  and  major  by  brevet.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  to  the  general  assembly 
of  Rhode  Island  in  1887;  served  during 
1888-92;  and  was  speaker  in  1891-92.  He 
subsequently  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 


CAPRON,  ALLYN  K.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  New  York.  In  1890  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  soldier  in  the  fourth  cavalry;  was 
appointed  second  lieutenant  of  infantry 
in  1893;  joined  Theodore  Roosevelt's 
rough  riders  as  captain  in  1898;  and  was 
killed  in  battle,  near  Santiago,  Cuba. 

CAPRON,  HORACE,  soldier,  agricultur 
ist,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  charge  of  a  factory  in 
Maryland.  He  served  in  the  army  during 
the  rebellion,  and  'became  a  brigadier- 
general.  In  1868  he  was  appointed  com 
missioner  of  agriculture;  and  in  1871  was 
invited  by  the  Japanese  government  to 
take  charge  of  certain  agricultural  experi 
ments  and  improvements  in  Japan,  where 
he  remained  four  years;  returning  to  the 
United  States  in  1875.  He  died  Feb.  23, 
1885. 

CARDOZO,  ISAAC  N.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  17,  1786,  in  Savannah, 
Ga.  He  became  editor  of  the  Southern 
Patriot  in  Charleston  in  1816,  and  its  sole 
proprietor  in  1823.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  1823  in  the  establishment  of  the 
Charleston  chamber  of  commerce.  He 
sold  his  paper  in  1845,  and  in  the  same 
year  established  the  Evening  News,  of 
which  he  became  the  commercial  editor. 
He  was  a  contributor  to  the  Southern 
Quarterly  Review  and  other  periodicals; 
and  published  Notes  on  Political  Econ 
omy.  He  was  drowned  Aug.  26,  1850,  in 
James  River,  Va. 

CAREY,  ASA  B.,  soldier,  was  born  July 
12,  1835,  in  Windham  county,  Conn.  He 
was  a  cadet  in  the  United  States  military 
academy  in  1854;  and  in  1858  was  bre- 
vetted  lieutenant  of  the  sixth  infantry. 
United  States  army.  He  was  constantly 
promoted  and  became  lieutenant-colonel 
in  1865  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser 
vices  in  the  war  against  the  Navajo  In 
dians;  and  became  paymaster  in  1867. 
He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  and 
deputy  paymaster-general  in  1895. 

CAREY,  DANIEL  GRAHAM,  physician, 
journalist,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1842,  near 
Middletown,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  physician  and  surgeon,  and  as 
the  manufacturer  of  the  Carey  proprietary 
medicines.  In  1883  he  established  the 
Waverly  Farmer;  and  is  the  author  of 
Doctor  Carey's  Guide  to  Health. 

CAREY,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Charles  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1823  to  1827.  He  died  in  1844,  in 
Upson  county,  Ga. 

CAREY,     HENRY    CHARLES,     econo 
mist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,   1793,  in 
Philadelphia,    Pa.      He    was    one    of   the 
foremost    of    Ameri 
can    political    econo 
mists  who  advocated 
protection  as  a  pre 
liminary  step  toward 
ultimate    free    trade. 
He     opposed     such 
theorists  as  Malthus 
\  ^tt^fl^L  :lni1  Ricardo,  holding 

that  human  progress 
depends     upon     suc- 
I  cess    in    subjugating 
\  nature;      that     land 
values    depend   upon 

labor;  and  that  the  social  well-being  is 
directly  dependent  upon  existing  condi 
tions.  He  was  the  author  of  Principles 
of  Political  Economy;  The  Credit  Sys 
tem;  The  Principles  of  Social  Science; 
Lectures  on  the  Currency;  Letters  on  Po 
litical  Economy;  Letters  on  International 
Copyright;  Financial  Crises;  and  The 
Unity  of  Law.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1879,  In 
Philadelphia. 


CAREY,  HENRY  DE  WITT,  business 
man,  jurist,  was  born  March  24,  1844, 
near  Middletown,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  suc 
cessful  merchant  of  Middletown,  N.  Y. ; 
for  the  past  quarter  of  a  century  has  been 
the  manager  of  the  export  department  of 
the  New  Home  Sewing  Machine  company 
with  headquarters  at  28  Union  square, 
New  York  city.  He  has  always  taken  an 
active  interest  in  democratic  politics,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Tammany  society  and 
the  Sagamore  and  Pequod  clubs,  and  of 
the  American  Historical  society.  For 
four  years  he  was  a  justice  of  the  peace 
at  City  Island,  N.  Y.;  and  in  1889-90 
was  judge  of  the  court  of  general  ses 
sions  of  Westchester  county,  N.  Y.  He 
is  a  thirty-third  degree  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity;  and  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Rev 
olution.  Mr.  Carey  is  president  of  the 
Pelham  Park  Street  Railroad  company; 
president  of  the  Metropolitan  dispensary; 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
New  York  College  of  Midwifery,  and 
other  institutions. 

CAREY,  JEREMIAH  E.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  30,  1803,  in 
Coventry,  R.  I.  He  was  elected  to  con 
gress  from  Cherry  Valley  county  in  1842. 

CAREY,  JOHN,  jurist,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  April  5,  1792,  in 
Monongahela  county,  Va.  In  1814  he  as 
sisted  in  building  the  first  stone  house  in 
Columbus.  In  1825  he  was  elected  an  asso 
ciate  judge,  which  office  he  held  for  seven 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  legisla 
ture  in  1828,  1836,  and  1843;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress. 

CAREY,  JOSEPH  MAULL,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  and  business  man,  was  born  July 
19,  1845,  in  Milton,  Del.    He  attended  the 
Union      college       of 
"  Schenectady,   N.    Y.; 
and    in    1867    gradu 
ated    from    the    law 
department     of     the 
.- ."v      ^F^L  university    of    Penn- 

*  \  ,  _1  sylvania.  In  1869  he 
was  appointed  by 
President  Grant  as 
United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the 
territory  of  Wyo 
ming;  and  in  1872 
he  became  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Wyoming, 
which  position  he  filled  with  distinction 
for  four  years.  In  1876  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  United  States  centennial 
commission.  Judge  Carey  was  among  the 
first  to  become  interested  in  the  great 
industry  of  cattle-raising  on  the  plains; 
and  for  many  years  was  president  of  the 
Wyoming  Stockgrowers  association.  He 
was  mayor  of  Cheyenne  during  1880-82; 
and  was  instrumental  in  having  Wyo 
ming  admitted  to  the  union  as  a  state. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  forty-ninth, 
fiftieth,  and  fifty-first  congresses;  and  in 
1891  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate,  serving  with  distinction  in  that  body. 

CAREY,  JOSHUA  MULLOCK,  soldier, 
physician,  legislator,  was  born  June  11, 
1834,  in  Orange  county,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he 
graduated  from  the  Eclectic  Medical  in 
stitute  of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  served  as 
a  union  soldier  during  the  civil  war,  and 
was  promoted  to  captain.  He  was  justice 
of  the  peace  for  ten  years;  and  in  1883-84 
was  a  member  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives  of  Pennsylvania.  During  1887-93 
he  practiced  medicine  in  New  York  city, 
when  he  removed  to  Elmlra. 


HKRRTNGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


193 


CAREY,  MATTHEW,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  28,  1760,  in  Ireland.  He  entered  into 
politics,  and  established  himself  in  Phila 
delphia  as  a  bookseller.  His  writings  in 
clude  The  Olive  Branch,  or  Faults  on 
Both  Sides,  Federal  and  Democratic, 
which  soon  entered  a  tenth  edition;  Vin- 
<lici£B  Hibernicse;  Thoughts  on  Peniten 
tiaries  and  Prison  Discipline;  Essays  on 
Political  Economy;  and  The  Yellow 
Fever  of  1793.  He  died  Sept.  16,  1839,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CARHART,  HENRY  SMITH,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  27,  1844,  in  Coey- 
mans.  N.  Y.  In  1869  he  graduated  from 
the  Wesleyan  university  of  Middletown, 
Conn.  He  is  the  author  of  Primary  Bat 
teries;  Elements  of  Physics;  Electrical 
Measurements;  and  University  Physics. 

CARLETON,  EZRA  C.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1838,  in  St. 
Clair,  Mich.  He  was  engaged  in  the  mer 
cantile  business  at  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  in 
1862;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  forty-eighth  and 
forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CARLETON,  HENRY,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  in  1785,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  served  as  a  lieutenant  of 
infantry  under  Gen.  Jackson  in  the  cam 
paign  that  terminated  Jan.  8,  1815,  and 
then  actively  engaged  in  the  profession  of 
law.  Soon  afterward,  in  connection  with 
Mr.  L.  Moreau,  he  began  the  translation 
of  those  portions  of  Las  Siete  ^artidas,  a 
celebrated  Spanish  code  of  laws,  that  were 
observed  in  Louisiana.  He  became 
United  States  district  attorney  for  the 
eastern  district  of  Louisiana  in  1832,  and 
was  subsequently  appointed  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  same  state,  but 
resigned  in  1839  on  account  of  ill  health. 
He  published  Liberty  and  Necessity;  and 
read  an  Essay  on  the  Will  before  the 
American  Philosophical  society  a  few 
days  before  his  death.  He  died  March  28, 
1863,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CARLETON,  HENRY  GUY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1856,  in  New  Mexico. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city  who  is 
best  known  as  a  writer  of  plays,  among 
which  are  Memnon;  The  Pembertons;  and 
Victor  Durand. 

CARLETON,  OSGOOD,  mathematician, 
author,  was  born  in  1742.  He  was  a 
Massachusetts  mathematician;  and  the 
author  of  American  Navigator;  South 
American  Pilot;  and  Practice  of  Arith 
metic.  He  died  in  June,  1816,  in  Litch- 
field,  N.  H. 

CARLETON,  WILL,  author,  lecturer 
and  editor,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1845,  in 
Hudson,  Mich.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Hudson  ele 
mentary  and  high 
schools,  and  Hills- 
dale  college,  Michi 
gan.  After  gradua 
tion  he  did  news 
paper  work  in  Hills- 
dale,  Detroit  and 
Chicago — writing  lo 
cals,  sketches,  sto 
ries,  editorials,  and 
poems.  His  books 
are:  Farm  Ballads, 
Farm  Legends, 
Farm  Festivals;  City  Ballads,  City  Le 
gends,  City  Festivals;  Rhymes  of  Our 
Planet;  and  The  Old  Infant  and  simi 
lar  stories.  He  is  also  editor  of  an  illus 
trated  magazine,  entitled  Everywhere, 
published  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
resides. 

13 


CARLILE,  JOHN  SNYDER,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1817, 
in  Winchester,  Va.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  in  1847;  and  served 
until  1851;  and  in  1850  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention 
of  Virginia.  In  1855  he  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress;  in  1861  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Virginia  to 
the  thirty-seventh  congress,  and  was  soon 
afterward  transferred  to  the  senate.  He 
died  Oct.  24,  1878,  in  Clarksburg,  W.  Va. 

CARLIN,  JOHN,  artist,  was  born  June 
15,  1813,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  deaf 
and  dumb  from  infancy.  Among  his  re 
cent  contributions  to  the  exhibitions  of 
the  Artists'  Fund  society  are  The  Village 
Gossips;  The  Admirer  of  Nature; 
The  Twin  Grandchildren;  Old  and 
Young;  Going  after  Marshmallows; 
Solid  Comfort;  and  The  Grandfather's 
Story.  Mr.  Carlin  has  also  written  some 
poetry. 

CARLIN,-  THOMAS,  governor  of  Illi 
nois,  was  born  in  1791,  in  Kentucky.  He 
was  a  pioneer  to  Illinois  in  1813;  served 
under  Gen.  Howard  in  that  and  the  fol 
lowing  year  during  the  war  of  1812-14; 
and  several  times  volunteered  to  perform 
most  perilous  undertakings  against  the 
Indians.  He  was  governor  of  the  state 
in  1838-42.  He  died  Feb.  4,  1852. 

CARLIN,  WILLIAM  PASSMORE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1829,  in  Rich 
Woods,  111.  He  participated  in  the  march 
to  the  sea  and  through  the  Carolinas;  and 
on  March  13,  1865,  was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general  for  services  at  Bentonville, 
N.  C.,  and  major-general  for  services  dur 
ing  the  war.  From  1867  till  1868  he  was 
assistant  commissioner  of  the  freedmen's 
bureau  in  Tennessee. 

CARLISLE,  JOHN  GRIFFIN,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1835,  in  Ken- 
ton,  Ky.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state 
house  of  representa 
tives  in  1859-1861; 
was  nominated  for 
presidential  elector 
on  the  democratic 
ticket  in  1864,  but 
declined;  and  was 
elected  to  the  state 
senate  in  1866,  and 
re-elected  in  1869. 
He  was  a  delegate 
at  large  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  national  democratic  conven 
tion  at  New  York  in  1868;  was  nominated 
for  lieutenant-governor  of  Kentucky  in 
1871;  resigned  his  seat  in  the  senate  in 
1871;  and  was  elected  lieutenant-governor 
in  1871,  serving  until  1875.  He  was  alter 
nate  presidential  elector  for  the  state  at 
large  in  1876;  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  and  fifty-first 
congresses;  was  elected  speaker  in 
the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  and  fiftieth 
congresses;  and  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  May  17,  1890,  to  fill  a 
vacancy.  He  resigned  to  accept  the  port 
folio  of  secretary  of  the  treasury  in  Presi 
dent  Cleveland's  cabinet  in  1893,  and  en 
tered  upon  the  duties  of  the  office  March 
7,  1893,  and  served  until  1897. 

CARLL,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  civil  engi 
neer,  inventor,  was  born  May  7,  1828,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  devised  the  static 
pressure  sand-pump,  removable  pump- 
chamber,  and  adjustable  sleeve  for  piston- 
rods,  now  used  in  operating  oil-wells.  In 
1874  he  became  attached  to  the  geological 
survey  of  Pennsylvania,  and  afterward 
was  assistant  in  the  oil  and  gas  region. 


CARLTON,  ELAM  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  April  3,  1864,  in  South  Florida. 
For  three  years  he  was  editor  of  the  Pine 
Level  Times,  and  for  two  years  of  the 
DeSoto  County  Times.  During  1890-92  he 
was  county  attorney;  and  in  1892-94  was 
judge  of  the  county  court  at  Arcadia,  Fla. 

CARLTON,  FRANK  H.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1849,  in  Newport,  N.  H! 
He  has  been  editor  of  the  St.  Paul  Press, 
and  other  publications.  In  1881  he  was 
secretary  to  Governor  John  L.  Pillsbury; 
and  now  practices  law  in  Minneapolis, 
Minn.  His  poems  have  appeared  in 
standard  works. 

CARLTON,  HENRY  HULL,  soldier, 
journalist,  lawyer,  United  States  senator! 
congressman,  was  born  May  14,  1835,  in 
Athens,  Ga.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  general  assembly  of  Georgia  in 
1872,  and  was  successively  re-elected  till 
3877,  inclusive,  when  he  declined  re-elec 
tion.  He  was  state  senator  in  1884-85,  and 
president  of  the  senate  during  that  term. 
He  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Ath 
ens  Banner  until  1880.  when  he  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law;  and  was 
elected  city  attorney  of  Athens.  He  was 
four  years  in  the  confederate  army,  under 
General  R.  E.  Lee,  holding  the  rank  of 
lieutenant,  captain,  and  major  of  artil 
lery.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  and 
fifty-first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CARLTON,  PETER,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1807  to  1809. 

CARMACK,  E.  W.,  lawyer,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1858,  in 
Castalian  Springs,  Tenn.  He  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  as  a  democrat  in  1884; 
in  1886  joined  the  editorial  staff  of  the 
Nashville  American;  in  1888  founded  the 
Nashville  Democrat;  and  afterward  be 
came  editor-in-chief  of  the  Nashville 
American  newspaper.  In  1892  he  became 
editor  of  the  Memphis  Commercial.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

CARMACK,  SAMUEL  W.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1802,  in  Davidson 
county,  Tenn.  In  1»42  he  was  appointed 
a  territorial  judge.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1849. 

CARMAN,  WILLIAM  BLISS,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1861,  in  Canada.  He 
is  a  poet  whose  literary  work  has  been 
done  mainly  in  New  York  and  Boston. 
He  is  the  author  of  Low  Tide  on  Grand 
Pre;  A  Seamark;  Behind  the  Arras; 
Songs  from  Vagabondia;  More  Songs 
from  Vagabondia;  and  Ballaas  of  Lost 
Haven,  a  Book  of  the  Sea. 

CARMICHAEL,  DANIEL  L.,  soldier, 
educator,  lawyer,  stock  raiser,  was  born 
Nov.  9,  1843,  in  Wayne  county,  N.  Y.  He 
received  his  education  in  the  high  schools 
and  academy  of  Charlotte  and  Lansing, 
Mich.  He  served  gallantly  as  a  soldier 
during  the  civil  war;  and  subsequently 
was  engaged  in  educational  work.  He 
then  took  up  the  practice  of  law,  and  has 
served  as  prosecuting  attorney.  He  is 
prominent  in  the  Order  of  Foresters; 
grand  dictator  of  the  Knights  of  Honor  of 
Illinois;  and  commander  of  the  Whittier 
post  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

CARMICHAEL,  HARTLE1,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  25,  1854,  in  Dub 
lin,  Ireland.  He  has  been  rector  of  the 
Church  of  the  Ascension  in  Hamilton, 
Canada;  and  is  now  rector  of  the  St. 
Paul's  church  of  Richmond,  Va.  He  is 
the  author  of  several  successful  novels— 
Rooted  in  Dishonor;  and  The  Centuries 
of  Castle-Craig.  He  is  also  a  musical 
composer;  and  is  high  in  the  ranks  of 
Freemasonry. 


HERRINOSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CARMICHAEL,  RICHARD  B.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He 
was  a  representative  from  Maryland  in 
the  twenty-third  congress,  and  was  presi 
dent  of  the  courts  of  Queen  Anne  coun 
ty  in  1861. 

CARMICHAEL,  WILLIAM,  diplomat, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1778  to 
1780;  was  secretary  of  legation  during 
Mr.  Jay's  mission  to  Spain;  and  remained 
as  charge  d'affaires  after  Mr.  Jay  left  in 
1782,  receiving  a  commission  in  1780,  and 
retained  the  office  for  about  fifteen  years. 
He  died  in  February,  1795. 

CARMIENCKE,  JOHN  HERMANN,  ar 
tist,  was  horn  in  1810  in  Germany.  He 
was  industrious  in  the  pursuit  of  his  art, 
and  his  paintings  are  faithful  delineations 
of  the  forms  of  nature.  He  was  a  very 
successful  teacher,  a  member  of  the  Art 
association,  and  one  of  the  earliest  and 
most  active  members  of  the  Brooklyn 
Academy  of  Design,  and  of  the  Artists' 
Fund  society  of  New  York.  He  died  June 
15,  1867,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

CARNAHAN,  JAMES,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1775,  in 
Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  united  churches  of  Whitesborough 
and  Utica,  where  he  remained  until  1814. 
He  opened  a  classical  academy  in  George 
town,  D.  C.,  and  taught  for  nine  years, 
when  he  was  elected  to  the  presidency  of 
Princeton  college  of  New  Jersey.  He  died 
March  2,  1859,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

CARNEGIE,  ANDREW,  manufacturer, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1835,  in  Scot 
land.  He  is  a  noted  steel  manufacturer 
of  Pittsburg  who  came  to  America  in  1845. 
He  has  made  many  important  gifts  to  his 
native  Scotland  and  to  Pittsburg,  and  as 
a  writer  is  distinguished  for  the  rather 
exuberant  Americanism  of  his  work.  He 
is  the  author  of  An  American  Four-in- 
Hand  in  Europe;  Round  the  World;  and 
Triumphant  Democracy,  or  Fifty  Years' 
March  of  the  Republic. 

CARNES,  THOMAS  P.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He 
was  solicitor-general,  attorney-general, 
and  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Geor 
gia  from  1793  to  1795.  He  died  May  8, 
1822,  in  Milledgeville,  Ga. 

CARNEY,  JULIA  A.,  educator,  author, 
was  born  April  6,  1823,  in  Lancaster, 
Mass.  Her  maiden  name  was  Fletcher, 
under  which  name  appeared  the  popular 
poem  Little  Drops  of  Water.  Many  of 
her  poems  have  been  set  to  music  and 
published  in  school  text-books,  and  used 
in  the  hymn-books  of  churches  for  more 
than  half  a  century. 

CARNEY,  THOMAS,  governor.  He  was 
a  governor  of  Kansas  from  1861  to  1864. 
CARNOCHAN,  JOHN  MURRAY,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  July  4,  1817,  in 
Savannah,  Ga.  He  was  noted  as  a  sur 
geon  of  distinction;  and  was  the  author 
of  Treatise  on  Congenital  Dislocations, 
and  Contributions  to  Operative  Surgery. 
He  died  Oct.  28,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

CAROW,  ISAAC,  merchant,  was  born 
March  29,  1778,  in  the  West  Indies.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Kennit  and 
Carow,  shipping  merchants  of  New  York, 
city;  and  from  1839  until  1842  was  pres 
ident  of  the  chamber  of  commerce.  He 
died  Sept.  3,  1850,  in  New  York  city. 

CARPENDER,  EDWARD  WILLIAM, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1797,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  placed  on  the 
reserved  list  in  1855,  and  became  com 
modore  in  1862.  During  1864-66  he  was 
prize  commissioner  at  Key  West,  Fla.  He 
died  May  16,  1877,  in  Shrewsbury,  N.  J. 


CARPENTER,  AMELIA  WALSTEIN, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1840,  in 
Stephentown,  N.  Y.  She  has  contributed 
to  Frank  Leslie's  periodicals,  is  a  corre 
spondent  of  the  Springfield  Republican; 
editor  of  the  New  York  Citizen;  and  as 
a  poetess  and  novelist  has  gained  a  fa 
vorable  reputation. 

CARPENTER,  BENJAMIN,  patriot, 
was  born  in  1726  in  Rehoboth,  Mass.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  town  of 
Guilford  in  1770,  and  served  during  the 
revolutionary  war  as  a  field  officer.  Later 
he  was  a  member  of  the  first  constitution 
al  convention  of  Vermont  and  also  a 
member  of  the  council.  In  1778  he  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state, 
and  afterward  beeame  one  of  the  council 
of  censors.  He  died  March  29,  1823,  in 
Guilford,  Vt. 

CARPENTER,  CHARLES  KETCHUM, 
farmer,  state  legislator,  governor,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  23,  1826,  in  Hornellsvilie, 
N.  Y.  He  settled  in  Michigan  in  1837. 
In  1858  he  was  elected  to  the  lower  branch 
of  the  legislature.  In  1874  he  was  nomi 
nated  as  governor  by  the  prohibition  party 
in  Michigan;  and  in  1876  was  again  nomi 
nated  for  the  same  office  on  the  first 
greenback  ticket.  He  was  the  author  of 
several  works.  He  died  Aug.  19,  1884, 
in  Orion,  Mich. 

CARPENTER,  CYRUS  CLAY,  soldier, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Nov. 
24,  1820,  in  Hartford,  Pa.  In  1857  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature;  in  1861 
entered  the  army,  and  as  brevet  colonel 
rendered  important  service  during  the 
war.  In  1866  he  was  elected  register  of 
the  state  land  office  at  Des  Moines,  and 
was  re-elected.  In  1871  he  was  elected 
governor  of  Iowa.  He  was  a  state  com 
missioner  of  railroads  in  1878,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

CARPENTER,  DAVIS,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1799, 
in  Walpole,  N.  H.  He  attained  the  posi 
tion  of  colonel  of  a  rifle  corps;  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1853  to  1855. 

CARPENTER,  EDMUND  JAMES,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1845  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  noted  journalist  of  Bos 
ton,  and  the  author  of  A  Woman  of 
Shawmut,  a  Romance  of  Colonial  Times; 
and  History  of  Roger  Williams. 

CARPENTER,  ELISHA,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1824,  in  Ashford,  Conn. 
In  1845  he  was  elected  judge  of  probate 
court  and  state's  attorney  in  Windham 
county,  Conn.;  from  1857-58  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate;  1861  was  judge  of 
the  superior  court;  and  in  1866  was  judge 
of  the  supreme  bench  of  the  state. 

CARPENTER,  ELLEN  M.,  educator,  ar 
tist,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1830,  in  Killingly, 
Conn.  Much  of  her  time  is  devoted  to 
teaching  art  in  Boston.  Among  her 
works  are  The  Yosemite  Valley;  Temples 
of  Paestum;  Venice,  Grand  Canal;  and 
numerous  portraits. 

CARPENTER,  ESTHER  BERNON,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1848  in  Rhode  Island. 
She  was  a  writer  of  southern  Rhode 
Island,  whose  South  Country  Neighbors 
is  a  series  of  sympathetic  studies  in  fic 
tion  of  Rhode  Island  types  of  character. 
She  died  in  1893. 

CARPENTER,  FRANCIS  BICKNELL, 
painter,  author,  was  born  in  1830  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  portrait  painter  of  New 
York  city,  who  painted  The  Emancipation 
Proclamation  in  the  Capitol  at  Washing 
ton.  He  was  the  author  of  Six  Months 
in  the  White  House  with  Abraham  Lin 
coln. 


CARPENTER,  FRANCIS  WOOD,  mer 
chant,  manufacturer,  was  born  June  24, 
1831,  in  Seekonk,  Mass.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Congo  and  Carpenter  com 
pany,  and  also  the  Rhode  Island  Perkins 
Horseshoe  company.  He  is  also  president 
of  the  American  National  bank. 

CARPENTER.  GEORGE  MOULTON, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  April  22,  1844, 
in  Portsmouth,  R.  I.  He  was  appointed 
one  of  a  board  of  commissioners  to  re 
vise  the  laws  of  Rhode  Island  in  1882; 
was  elected  a  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state  in  1885;  and  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  district  of  Rhode  Island. 

CARPENTER,  GEORGE  W.,  scientist, 
was  born  July  31,  1802,  in  Germantown, 
Pa.  He  was  a  successful  merchant  in 
Philadelphia,  and  devoted  his  leisure  to 
the  study  of  sciences.  His  opinion  on  sub 
jects  in  geology  was  of  recognized  value. 
He  accumulated  a  choice  collection  of 
minerals,  and  showed  considerable  inter 
est  in  the  medical  sciences.  He  died  June 
7,  1860,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 

CARPENTER,  HENRY  BERNARD, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1840 
in  Ireland.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man  of  Boston,  and  brother  of  W.  Boyd 
Carpenter,  the  Anglican  bishop  of  Ri- 
pon.  He  wrote  principally  in  verse,  his 
only  published  books  including  The  Oat 
meal  Crusaders;  Liber  Amoris,  a  Metri 
cal  Romance  of  the  Middle  Ages;  and 
A  Poet's  Last  Songs.  He  died  in  1890. 

CARPENTER,  LEVI  D.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York,  from  1843  to  1845,  to  fill  a  va 
cancy. 

CARPENTER,  LEWIS  CASS,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1836, 
in  Putnam,  Conn.  He  was  appointed  to 
a  position  in  the  treasury  department; 
was  correspondent  for  several  newspa 
pers;  assisted  .  in  establishing  the  first 
daily  paper  in  South  Carolina,  The  Char 
leston  Republican,  in  1868,  and  removed 
there  in  1870  to  become  one  of  its  editors. 
He  established  The  Daily  Union  in  1870; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

CARPENTER,  MATTHEW  H.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1824,  in  Moretown,  Vt.  He  was 
for  several  years  a 
district  attorney  for 
the  state  of  Wiscon 
sin,  and  practiced 
his  profession  before 
the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States.  He 
I  was  elected  a  sena- 
•  tor  in  congress  from 
Wisconsin  for  the 
term  commencing  in 
1869  and  ending  in 
1875,  serving  on  the 
committees  on  the 
judiciary,  patents,  and  revision  of  laws; 
and  also  served  as  president  pro  tem  of 
the  senate.  He  was  again  elected  United 
States  senator  in  1878  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1885.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1881,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

CARPENTER,  MIRO*J  J.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  April  12,  1850,  in 
Caledonia,  111.  He  is  the  president  of 
the  Chicago  and  Eastern  Illinois  railroad. 

CARPENTER,  NEWTON  FRANCIS, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  April  27,  1831, 
in  Rehoboth,  Mass.  In  1866  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Wisconsin  legislature.  He 
has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  twen 
ty  years,  and  court  commissioner  four 
teen  years. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


135 


CARPENTER,  ROLLA  CLINTON,  edu 
cator,  mechanical  engineer,  author,  was 
born  June  26,  1852,  in  Orion,  Mich.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Michigan 
Agricultural  college,  Michigan  university, 
and  Cornell  university.  After  serving  as 
a  civil  engineer  on  railroad  construction 
he  became  professor  of  civil  engineering 
and  mathematics  in  the  Michigan  Agri 
cultural  college;  and  afterward  professor 
of  experimental  engineering  in  the  Cor 
nell  university.  He  has  been  consulting 
engineer  for  various  important  electrical 
railroads;  and  has  made  several  import 
ant  investigations  relating  to  applied  me 
chanics.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work  on 
Experimental  Engineering;  one  on  Heat 
ing  and  Ventilating  Buildings;  and  on 
Testing  of  Materials. 

CARPENTER,  STEPHEN  CUTTER, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  England. 
He  was  an  English  journalist  who  came 
to  America  in  1803  and  settled  in  Char 
leston.  He  is  the  author  of  Memoir  of 
Thomas  Jefferson,  containing  a  Concise 
History  of  the  United  States;  and  An 
Overlanfl  Journey  to  India.  He  died 
about  1820. 

CARPENTER,  STEPHEN  HASKINS, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1831, 
in  Little  Falls,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  Wiscon 
sin  educator;  and  professor  of  literature 
at  the  university  of  Wisconsin.  He  was 
the  author  of  Evidences  of  Christianity; 
English  of  the  Fourteenth  Century;  In 
troduction  to  the  Study  of  Anglo-Saxon; 
and  Elements  of  English  Analysis.  He 
died  Dec.  7,  1831,  in  Little  Falls,  N.  Y. 

CARPENTER,  WILLIAM,  author,  was 
born  in  1830  in  England.  He  was  an  ec 
centric  English  printer  and  stenograph 
er  who  removed  from  England  to  Balti 
more  in  1879.  He  strenuously  advocated 
the  theory  that  the  earth  is  flat,  re 
volving  on  a  central  axis  with  the  sun 
stationary  over  the  center.  Among  his 
various  writings  are:  The  Earth  Not  a 
Globe,  by  Common  Sense;  Sir  Isaac  New 
ton's  Theoretical  Astronomy  Examined 
and  Refuted  by  Common  Sense;  Water 
not  Convex;  Proctor's  Planet  Earth;  and 
Something  About  Spiritualism.  He  died 
in  1896. 

CARPENTER,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier, 
business  man,  was  born  July  4,  1844,  in 
Luray,  Va.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  at  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.  During  1861-65  he  served 
in  the  confederate  service  from  private  to 
captain.  He  then  traveled  extensively  as 
business  representative  of  several  large 
firms.  Since  1889  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Phoenix  Loan  association  of  St  Jo 
seph,  Mo.;  is  prominently  connected  with 
various  other  business  enterprises,  and 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

CARR,  ELIAS,  farmer,  governor,  was 
born  Feb.  25,  1839,  in  Edgecombe  coun 
ty,  N.  C.  He  completed  his  education 

in  the  university  of 

Virginia  and  North 
Carolina.  With  the 
exception  of  the  time 
spent  in  the  confed 
erate  army,  his  life 
has  been  pre-emi 
nently  that  of  the  ag 
riculturist,  managing 
his  large  private  in 
terests  in  Edge- 
combe,  his  native 
county.  He  was  the 
first  county  presi 
dent  of  the  Farmers'  Alliance;  and  for 
two  terms  was  president  of  the  State 
Alliance.  In  1886  he  was  a  delegate  from 


North  Carolina  to  the  farmers'  national 
convention  at  St.  Paul;  and  in  1892  was 
appointed  commissioner  to  the  World's 
Fair.  In  1892  he  was  elected  governor  of 
North  Carolina  by  a  majority  of  thirty 
thousand,  which  position  he  filled  with 
distinction. 

CARR,  FRANCIS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1752.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  legislature  from  1806  to 
1811;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1811  to 
1813.  He  died  in  October,  1821. 

CARR,  JAMES,  congressman.  He  served 
three  years  in  the  Massachusetts  legis 
lature  from  Bangor,  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1815  to  1817. 

CARR,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1831  to  1837,  and  again  from  1839 
to  1841.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1845,  in  Clark 
county,  Ind. 

CARR,  JOSEPH  B.,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  16,  1826,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  When 
the  civil  war  broke  out  he  was  made 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  then  colonel  of  the 
second  New  York  volunteers.  In  1865  he 
was  brevetted  major-general,  and  in  1893 
appointed  major-general. 

CARR,  JOSEPH  M.,  clergyman,  was 
born  March  9,  1836,  in  Damascus,  Ohio. 
In  1854  he  entered  Mount  Union  college, 
and  graduated  therefrom  in  1859.  The 
same  year  he  entered  the  Pittsburg  con 
ference,  and  since  1880  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  East  Ohio  conference  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church.  He  secured 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars  for  the 
Mount  Union  college,  together  with  very 
valuable  grounds  and  the  president's  resi 
dence.  He  was  chairman  of  the  East 
Ohio  delegation,  and  of  the  general  mis 
sionary  committee  of  the  fourth  general 
conference  district;  is  a  trustee  of  Mount 
Union  college;  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  East  Ohio  conference;  sec 
retary  of  the  Ministerial  Relief  associa 
tion  of  Pittsburg  and  East  Ohio  confer 
ences;  and  has  filled  numerous  other  po 
sitions  in  his  church.  He  is  now  pastor 
of  the  Miles  Park  Avenue  church,  of 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  is  a  descendant  of 
Gov.  Caleb  Carr,  whose  ancestors  came  to 
America  in  1635. 

CARR,  JULIAN  SHAKESPEARE,  man 
ufacturer,  banker,  philanthropist,  was 
born  Oct.  12,  1845,  in  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 
He  graduated  from 
the  university  of 
M^^^^j^  North  Carolina,  of 
which  institution  lie 
is  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee 
of  the  board  of  trus 
tees.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  Trin 
ity  college;  and  a 
member  of  the  board 
of  directors  of  the 
Oxford  asylum.  In 
1883-91  he  was  a  delegate  from  the  state 
at  large  to  the  democratic  national  con 
ventions.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Ecumenical  conference  of  the  Methodism 
of  the  World,  held  in  London;  and  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Robert  Raikes  centennial.  Mr. 
Carr  is  the  president  of  the  following 
companies:  Blackwell's  Durham  Tobac 
co  company;  First  National  bank  of  Dur 
ham;  Golden  Belt  Manufacturing  com 
pany;  and  the  Greensboro  Female  College 
association.  He  served  in  the  confed 
erate  army  in  Barringer's  brigade,  Hamp 
ton's  corps,  in  the  army  of  Northern  Vir 
ginia. 


CARR,  LUCIEN,  archaeologist,  author, 
was  born  in  1829,  in  Missouri.  He  is  an 
archaeologist  of  Cambridge,  and  was  cur 
ator  of  the  Peabody  museum  from  1876  to 
1894.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Mounds 
of  the  Mississippi  Valley  Historically  Con 
sidered;  Missouri,  a  brief  History  of  the 
State;  and  Prehistoric  Remains  of  Ken 
tucky. 

CARR,  NATHAN  T.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1833,  in 
Steuben  county,  N.  Y.  In  1858  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Michigan 
state  legislature.  He  entered  the  union 
army  in  1861  as  first  lieutenant.  In  1863 
he  moved  to  Indiana;  and  was  subse 
quently  elected  a  representative  from  that 
state  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy. 

CARR,  ROBERT  V.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  July  15,  1877,  in  Chenoa,  111. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  South 
Dakota  School  of  Mines.  He  learned  the 
printing  business,  and  is  a  successful 
journalist  of  Rapid  City,  S.  D.  He  is  the 
author  of  numerous  poems  of  merit,  and 
is  familiarly  known  as  the  Black  Hills 
Poet. 

CARR,  WILLIAM  BROWN,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4, 
1820,  in  Leesburg,  Va.  For  over  half  a  cen 
tury,  1841-92,  Prof.  Carr  has  been  en 
gaged  in  educational  work  as  professor 
and  president  in  various  schools  and  col 
leges,  including  Warren  Green  academy, 
Va.;  New  Lisbon  institute,  Va.;  Madi 
son  Female  college,  Ga.;  Wesleyan  Fe 
male  college,  N.  C.;  Randolph  Macon  col 
lege,  Va.;  and  president  of  Petersburg 
Female  college.  He  is  the  author  of  Carr's 
Plan  with  English  Syntax;  The  Genealo 
gy  of  the  Carrs;  and  other  works. 

CARRELL,  GEORGE  ALOYSIUS,  Ro 
man  catholic  bishop,  was  born  in  1803  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  performed  mission 
ary  duty  in  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey 
and  Delaware,  and  founded  an  academy 
for  young  ladies.  Between  1851  and  1853 
he  was  president  of  the  Purcell  Mansion 
college,  Cincinnati.  On  the  erection  of 
the  eastern  portion  of  Kentucky  into  the 
see  of  Covington  in  1853,  Dr.  Carrell  was 
made  bishop.  He  died  in  1868  in  Coving- 
ton,  Ky. 

CARRIER,  AUGUSTUS  STILES,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1857  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of 
Chicago;  and  professor  of  Hebrew  in  Mc- 
Cormick  Theological  seminary  from  1892. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Hebrew  Verb,  a 
Series  of  Tabular  Studies. 

CARRIGAIN,  PHILIP,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  20,  1772,  in  Concord,  N.  H.  He  was 
secretary  of  state  of  New  Hampshire  four 
years,  and  also  clerk  of  the  senate.  He 
surveyed  a  great  part  of  the  state,  of 
which  he  published  an  excellent  map,  in 
1816,  and  was  the  first  to  apply  to  New 
Hampshire  the  name  of  the  granite  state. 
He  died  March  16,  1842,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

CARRINGTON,  EDWARD,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1749,  in 
Charlotte  county,  Va.  He  was  an  efficient 
officer  during  the  revolution;  was  for 
some  time  quartermaster-general  of  the 
army  under  Gen.  Greene,  in  the  south, 
and  greatly  contributed  to  the  advan 
tage  gained  over  the  enemy.  He  was 
afterward  attached  to  the  army  of  the 
north,  but  previous  to  the  evacuation 
of  Charleston  resumed  his  former  sta 
tion.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  Virginia  from  1785 
to  1786;  and  was  foreman  of  the  jury 
which  tried  Aaron  Burr  for  treason.  He 
died  Oct.  28,  1810,  in  Richmond,  Va. 


196 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CARRINGTON,  HENRY  BEEBE,  gen 
eral,  author,  was  born  March  2,  1824,  in 
Wallingford,  Conn.  He  is  a  general  in  the 
United  States  army  living  in  Boston. 
His  principal  writings  include  Crisis 
Thoughts;  Battles  of  the  American  Revo 
lution;  Apsavaka,  or  Indian  Operations  on 
the  Plains;  Hints  to  Soldiers  Taking  the 
Field;  and  The  Washington  Obelisk  and 
its  Voices. 

CARRINGTON,  PAUL,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1764.  He  became  a 
lawyer,  and  served  in  both  houses  of  the 
legislature  and  afterward  on  the  bench  of 
the  superior  court.  He  died  Jan.  8,  1816. 

CARROL,  JOHN,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  in  1735  in  Maryland.  He  was  the 
first  Roman  catholic  archbishop  of  Bal 
timore.  His  writings  are  mainly  of  a  con 
troversial  cast.  He  is  the  author  of  Con 
cise  View  of  the  Principal  Points  of  Con 
troversy  between  the  Protestant  and 
Catholic  Churches;  and  Discourse  on  Gen 
eral  Washington.  He  died  in  1817  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C. 

CARROLL,  ALFRED  L.,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1833,  in  New  York 
city.  He  has  been  for  many  years  prom 
inently  identified  with  the  state  health  or 
ganization.  He  organized  the  first  state 
board  of  health  in  the  state  at  Staten  Is 
land  in  1872,  and  at  New  Brighton  in 
1880.  He  is  the  author  of  Relation  of  Hy 
giene  to  Therapeutics  and  Question  of 
Quarantine. 

CARROLL,  ANNA  ELLA,  military  ge 
nius,  author,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1815,  in 
Somerset  county,  Md.  She  was  sent  by 
President  Lincoln  to  St.  Louis  to  en 
deavor  to  form  an  opinion  of  the  prob 
able  success  or  failure  of  a  most  import 
ant  expedition  preparing  to  descend  the 
Mississippi  by  means  of  gunboats.  She 
reported  the  Mississippi  as  frowning 
with  fortifications  and  tides  as  unfavor 
able.  She  recommended  the  use  of  the 
Tennessee  river  as  the  true  strategic  line. 
In  furtherance  of  this  secret  plan  the 
western  armies,  to  the  amazement  of  the 
confederacy,  were  suddenly  transferred 
from  the  Mississippi  up  to  the  Tennessee 
river.  The  most  brilliant  result  followed. 
Fort  Henry  fell,  Fort  Donaldson  was  tak 
en,  the  confederacy  was  divided,  and  the 
rebel  armies  cut  off  from  their  source  of 
supplies.  She  was  the  author  of  The 
Great  American  Battle,  or  The  Contest 
between  Christianity  and  Political  Ro 
manism;  The  Star  of  the  West,  or  Na 
tional  Men  and  National  Measures;  The 
Union  of  the  States;  The  War  Powers  of 
the  General  Government;  and  The  Rela 
tion  of  the  National  Government  to  the 
Revolted  Citizens  Defined.  She  died  in 
1894. 

CARROLL,  CHARLES,  of  Carrollton, 
signer  of  the  declaration  of  independence!, 
was  born  Sept.  20,  1737,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 
He  became  known  as 
an  advocate  for  lib 
erty,  and  was  one  of 
the  ablest  political 
writers  of  Maryland; 
and  in  1776  was 
elected  a  delegate  to 
the  old  congress,  and 
subscribed  his  name 
to  the  declaration  of 
independence.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he 
was  the  last  surviv 
ing  signer  of  that 
document.  In  1778  he  left  congress  and 
devoted  himself  to  the  councils  of  his  na 
tive  state.  In  1789  he  was  elected  a  sen 
ator  to  the  new  congress.  He  died  Feb. 
14,  1832,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 


CARROLL,  CHARLES  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1794  in  Maryland. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  the 
state  in  1836;  a  state  senator  in  1837;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1843  to  1847.  He  died  in 
1865  in  Groveland,  N.  Y. 

CARROLL,  DANIEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
Maryland  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1780  to  1784;  signed  the  articles 
of  confederation  and  also  the  constitu 
tion,  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1789  to  1791. 
He  died  in  1829. 

CARROLL,  DAVID  L.,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  May  10, 
1787,  in  Fayette  county,  Pa.  In  1829  he 
was  installed  pastor  of  the  First  Presby 
terian  church  of  Brooklyn,  L.  I.;  and 
in  1835  he  was  elected  the  ninth  presi 
dent  of  Hampden  Sidney  college.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Ministerial  Officer,  and 
other  works.  He  died  Nov.  23,  1851. 

CARROLL,  DAVID  WILLIAMSON, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  March  11,  1816, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1850  he  was  elected 
to  the  Arkansas  legislature;  in  1860  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney;  in  1861- 
62  he  served  in  the  civil  war,  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  colonel.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  confed 
erate  congress;  in  1866  was  elected  judge 
of  Jefferson  county;  .and  in  1878  was 
elected  chancellor  of  Pulaski  chancery 
court  at  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

CARROLL,  HENRY  KING,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1847  in  New  Jersey. 
He  is  a  methodist  clergyman  and  relig 
ious  statistician;  and  the  author  of  The 
World  of  Missions;  The  Catholic  Dogma 
of  Church  Authority;  and  The  Religious 
Forces  of  the  United  States. 

CARROLL,  HOWARD,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1854  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  subordinate  reporter  on  the  New 
York  Times,  but  rapidly  developed  so 
marked  a  talent  for  journalism  that  he 
was  promoted  to  the  position  of  traveling 
correspondent  of  that  journal.  He  is  the 
author  of  A  Mississippi  Incident  and 
Twelve  Americans. 

CARROLL,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  1'rom  1830 
to  1841. 

CARROLL,  JAMES,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  26,  1856,  in  Washington  county,  Pa. 
In  laoO  he  graduated  from  Penn  college 
of  Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  and  three  years  later 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  has  attained 
success  in  the  profession  of  law  at  Oska 
loosa,  Iowa;  was  elected  county  attorney 
in  1892  for  two  years;  and  received  the 
re-election  to  the  same  office  in  1897. 

CARROLL,  JOHN  JOSEPH,  clergyman, 
scholar,  was  born  June  24,  1856,  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  made  an  assistant  at  th? 
Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Name,  and  by  his 
zeal  and  proficiency  was  soon  made  pastor 
of  St.  Thomas  parish,  which  has  grown  to 
be  one  of  the  most  wealthy  and  popu 
lous  of  Chicago.  He  is  one  of  the  most 
renowned  Gaelic  scholars  in  the  world. 

CARROLL,  JOHN  LEE,  state  senator, 
governor,  was  born  in  1830  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate 
in  1867,  and  again  in  1871.  In  1875  he 
was  elected  governor  of  Maryland;  the 
year  that  he  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
such  was  the  one  hundredth  after  the  data 
that  his  grandfather  signed  the  declara 
tion  of  independence. 


CARROLL,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  27,  1825,  in  Spring 
field,  N.  Y.  He  received  an  academic 
education ;  graduat 
ed  at  Union  college, 
Schenectady,  in  1846; 
studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in 
3848.  He  was  elect 
ed  district  attorney 
of  Fulton  county  in 
1859,  and  held  that 
office  three  years; 
and  was  elected  to 
the  forty-second  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 
He  has  also  attained 
prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost  law 
yers  in  the  state  of  New  York  at  Johns 
town. 

CARROLL,  SAMUEL  SPRIGG,  soldier, 
was  born  Sept.  21,  1832,  in  Washington. 
D.  C.  In  the  Pennsylvania  campaign  he 
was  present  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg, 
where  he  earned  the  brevet  of  lieutenant- 
colonel.  In  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness  he 
won  the  brevet  of  colonel,  and  in  the  en 
gagements  near  Spottsylvania  was  twice 
wounded  and  disabled  for  service  in  the 
field  during  the  rest  of  the  war.  He  was 
promoted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
in  1864,  and  in  1865  received  the 
brevet  of  brigadier-general,  United  States 
army,  for  gallantry  at  Spottsylvania,  and 
that  of  major-general  for  services  during 
the  rebellion.  In  1867  he  became  a  lieu 
tenant-colonel  in  the  regular  army.  In 
3868  he  was  acting  inspector-general  of 
the  division  of  the  Atlantic,  and  in  1869 
retired  as  major-general  for  disability 
from  wounds  received  in  battle.  He  died 
Jan.  29,  1893,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CARROLL,  T.  K.,  statesman.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Maryland  in  1830 
and  1831. 

CARROLL,  U.  S.  G.,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  1,  1864,  in  Waterloo,  Ohio. 
He  received  a  thorough  education;  was 
for  a  time  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi 
ness;  and  is  now  the  pastor  of  a  metho 
dist  episcopal  church  in  Hundred,  W.  Va. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Christian  Respon 
sibility  of  Parents  to  Their  Children,  and 
contributes  extensively  to  religious  litera 
ture. 

CARROLL,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  govern 
or,  was  born  in  1788  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  His 
fitness  for  military  service  attracted  the 
attention  of  Gen.  Jackson,  and  he  made 
him  captain  and  brigadier-inspector  in  his 
division  of  the  army  in  1813;  and 
was  colonel  and  inspector-general  from 
1813  to  1814.  He  was  governor  of 
Tennessee  from  1821  to  1827,  and  from 
1829  to  1835.  He  died  March  22,  1844,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

CARROLL,  WILLIAM  A.,  state  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1836,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  has  held  various  positions  of 
honor  in  his  state,  and  has  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  New  York 
legislature. 

CARROLL,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1820.  He  commanded  a  brig 
ade  in  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston's  con 
federate  army.  The  Unionists  rose  in 
scattered  bands,  but  dispersed  at  the  ap 
proach  of  the  southern  troops.  On  Nov. 
14,  1862,  Gen.  Carroll,  commanding  at 
Knoxville,  proclaimed  martial  law,  but 
on  the  twenty-fourth  rescinded  the  order. 

CARROW,  HOWARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  May  30,  1861,  in  Camden,  Del. 
He  was  appointed  judge  of  the  district 
court  of  Camden  in  1891  for  a  term  of  five 
years.  He  is  president  of  the  West  Jersey 
democrat  league,  and  solicitor  for  the 
board  of  trade  of  Camden. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


197 


CARRUTH,  JAMES  HARRISON,  bot 
anist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1807,  in 
Phillipston,  Mass.  In  1824  he  edited  the 
United  States  Review  at  Boston.  From 
1835  till  1840  he  was  a  member  either  of 
the  house  or  senate  of  Massachusetts,  was 
chairman  of  the  legislative  committee  on 
education,  and  in  1837  drafted  the  bill 
establishing  the  board  of  education.  He 
was  the  author  of  Geography  of  Massa 
chusetts,  and  the  Geography  of  New 
Hampshire. 

CARRUTH,  WILLIAM  HERBERT,  edu 
cator,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1859  in 
Ossawatomie,  Kan.  He  is  a  joint  author 
of  the  History  of  Municipal  Suffrage  in 
Kansas,  and  co-editor  of  Sunflowers. 

CARRUTHERS,  WILLIAM  ALEXAN 
DER,  physician,  author,  was  born  in  1800 
in  Virginia.  He  was  a  physician  of  Sa 
vannah  who  wrote  a  number  of  romances 
now  quite  forgotten.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  Kentuckian  in  New  York;  The 
Cavaliers  of  Virginia;  Knights  of  the 
Horse  Shoe;  and  Life  of  Charles  Cald- 
well.  He  died  about  1850  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

CARRYL,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  broker, 
author,  was  born  in  1841  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  broker  of  New  York  city,  and  the 
author  of  the  popular  juvenile  tales,  Davy 
and  the  Goblin;  and  The  Admiral's  Cara 
van. 

CARSE,  MRS.  MATILDA  B.,  temper 
ance  worker.  She  was  the  founder  and 
president  of  the  Woman's  Dormitory  as 
sociation  of  the  World's  Columbian  expo 
sition.  She  founded  the  Woman's  Tem 
perance  Publishing  association,  and  was 
one  of  the  leaders  in  planning  and  carry 
ing  out  the  building  of  the  Woman's 
Temperance  Temple  of  Chicago,  111. 

CARSON,  CHRISTOPHER  [KIT  CAR 
SON],  explorer,  traveler,  guide  and  trap 
per,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1809,  in  Madison 
county,  Ky.  He  rendered  important  serv 
ices  as  guide  to  Fremont  in  his  noted 
western  explorations.  Serving  in  the  civil 
war,  he  received  the  title  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  died  May  23,  1868,  in  Fort. 
Lynn,  Colo. 

CARSON,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1841, 
in  Jennings  county,  Ind.  He  served 
in  the  mil  war  as  a  soldier;  in  1878-80 
was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  legislature; 
served  in  the  senate  in  1884-86;  was  on 
the  district  bench  1887-91,  and  in  1896  was 
elected  mayor  of  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 

CARSON,  HAMPTON  LAWRENCE, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1852, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Philadelphia  and  the  author 
of  The  History  of  the  One  Hundredth  An 
niversary  of  the  Promulgation  of  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States,  and  The 
History  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States. 

CARSON,  JOSEPH,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1808.  He  was  a  medical  pro 
fessor  at  the  university  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  the  author  of  Illustrations  of  Medi 
cal  Botany;  and  Lectures  on  Materia 
Medica  and  Pharmacy.  He  died  in  1876. 

CARSON,  LUELLA  CLAY,  educator, 
was  born  March  12,  1856,  in  Portland, 
Ore.  Her  father  was  a  pioneer  of  the 
state,  and  for  many  years  a  member  of 
the  state  senate.  Since  1880  she  has  been 
closely  identified  with  the  educational 
work  of  Oregon;  has  been  instructor  in 
the  Couch  school  of  Portland;  preceptress 
of  the  Pacific  university,  and  since  1888 
has  filled  the  chair  of  English  literature 
and  rhetoric  in  the  State  university  of 
Oregon. 


CARSON,  SALL1E,  poet,  was  born 
March  12,  1847,  in  Beaver  county,  Pa. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  her  select 
poems  entitled  Wayside  Flowers. 

CARSON,  SAMUEL  P.,  congressman, 
was  born  at  Pleasant  Garden,  N.  C.  For 
several  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1825  to  1833.  He  killed  Doctor  Robert  B. 
Vance  in  a  duel  in  1827.  He  died  in 
November,  1840,  in  Arkansas. 

CARSWELL,  FRANKLIN  WASHING 
TON,  merchant,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1860,  In 
Burke  county,  Ga.  He  graduated  from 
the  high  schools  of  Hephzibah,  Ga.,  and 
from  the  university  of  Georgia.  He  is  a 
successful  merchant,  and  prominent  in 
public  affairs  of  Hephzibah,  Ga. 

CARTER,  CHARLES  DAVIS,  composer, 
was    born    April    25,    1857,    in    Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.     He  has  composed  some  songs  for 
chorus  and   solo;    and  is  the  director  of- 
Pittsburg  Female  college. 

CARTER,  CHARLES  IGNATIUS 
HARDMAN,  clergyman,  was  born  in  1803 
in  Lebanon,  Ky.  He  was  stationed  at  St. 
Mary's,  Philadelphia,  where  he  built  the 
Church  of  the  Assumption  in  1849,  and 
also  erected  a  convent  and  free  schools. 
He  afterward  founded  a  convent  and 
academy  of  the  Sisters  of  the  Holy  Child 
Jesus  at  Sharon  Hill.  He  died  in  1879 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CARTER,  CHARLES  M.,  lawyer,  au 
thor.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Washington,  D.  C.;  and  the  author  of 
Political  Romance,  and  other  works. 

CARTER,  EDWARD  J.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1859,  near  Ports 
mouth,  Ohio.  Since  1894  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Suwannee  River  railway. 

CARTER,  D.  M.,  artist,  was  born  in 
1827  in  Ireland.  He  was  one  of  the  orig 
inal  members  of  the  Artists'  Fund  society, 
established  in  1859.  About  1850  he  paint 
ed  a  series  of  pictures  illustrating  Gold 
smith's  Deserted  Village.  Among  his 
most  successful  works  are  Decatur's  At 
tack  on  Tripoli;  and  Moll  Pitcher  at  the 
Battle  of  Monmouth;  and  portraits  of 
Henry  Clay,  Andrew  Jackson,  James  K. 
Polk,  and  other  distinguished  persons. 

CARTER,  DAVID,  agriculturist,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1837,  in  Mcln- 
tosh  county,  Ga.  In  1897  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Florida 
state  legislature  from  Cartersville. 

CARTER,  FRANCIS  M.,  educator,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1839,  in 
Carter  county,  Mo.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Arcadia  college,  university 
of  Missouri,  and  the  university  of  North 
Carolina.  He  has  been  superintendent  of 
public  schools;  prosecuting  attorney;  and 
a  representative  in  the  Missouri  state  leg 
islature.  He  has  been  a  candidate  for 
judge  of  the  circuit  court;  and  was  twice 
presented  as  a  democratic  nominee  for 
congress.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  Missouri,  and  has  an  extensive 
practice  at  Farmington. 

CARTER,  FRANKLIN,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1837, 
in  Waterbury,  Conn.  From  1865  till  1868 
he  was  professor  of  Latin  and  of  French 
at  Williams,  then  of  Latin  alone,  till  1872, 
and  then  of  German,  at  Yale,  till  1881, 
when  he  became  president  of  Williams. 
He  has  published  a  translation  of  Goethe's 
Iphigenie  auf  Tauris,  and  Life  of  Mark 
Hopkins. 

CARTER,  HARLEY  H.,  jurist,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  removed  to  Mich 
igan,  from  which  state  he  was  appointed 
an  associate  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Arizona. 


CARTER,  JAMES  COOLIDGE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1827,  in  Lan 
caster,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
commission  appointed  by  Gov.  Tilden,  of 
New  York,  in  1875,  to  devise  a  form  of 
municipal  government  for  the  cities  of 
the  state.  He  ranks  among  the  leading 
lawyers  of  New  York.  He  has  published 
a  monograph  entitled  The  Codification  of 
our  Common  Law,  in  which  he  opposes 
the  scheme  of  codification. 

CARTER,  JAMES  GORDON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1795,  in  Leo- 
minster,  Mass.  He  was  a  prominent  edu 
cator  of  Massachusetts;  and  the  author  of 
Essays  on  Popular  Education;  Geography 
of  New  Hampshire;  Geography  of 
Massachusetts;  and  Letters  to  William 
Prescott  on  the  Free  Schools  of  New  Eng 
land.  He  died  July  22,  1849,  in  Chicago, 
111. 

CARTER,  JOHN,  pioneer  of  Tennessee. 
When  the  district  of  Washington,  now 
the  state  of  Tennessee,  was  annexed  to 
North  Carolina  during  the  revolution,  he 
was  elected,  with  John  Sevier  and  Charles 
Robertson,  to  the  convention  that  assem 
bled  at  Halifax,  N.  C.,  in  1785,  and  framed 
a  constitution  for  the  state  of  Frankland, 
which  was  reunited  with  North  Carolina 
in  1788. 

CARTER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Sept.  10,  1792,  on  Black  River, 
S.  C.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1822  to 
1829,  when  he  declined  a  re-election.  He 
died  June  20,  1850,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

CARTER,  JOHN  C.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1805,  in  Virginia.  In  1862  he  com 
manded  the  steamer  Michigan  on  the 
lakes.  After  the  war  he  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  receiving-ship  Vermont 
and  of  the  naval  rendezvous  at  San  Fran 
cisco.  He  was  commissioned  as  commo 
dore  on  the  retired  list  on  April  4,  1867. 
He  died  Nov.  24,  1870,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

CARTER,  JOSEPH  McKENDREE,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  Jan.  1,  1852,  near  Huntingdon,  Tenn. 
He  attended  the  East  Tennessee  Wesleyan 
university,  which  institution  is  now 
known  as  the  U.  S.  Grant  university.  He 
attained  success  in  educational  work,  and 
became  a  college  president;  and  has  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  D.  D.  For  twenty- 
five  years  he  has  been  a  traveling 
clergyman  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  fourteen  years  of  which  he  was 
presiding  elder.  He  has  twice  been  a 
member  of  the  general  conference,  and 
has  filled  numerous  positions  of  honor  in 
the  gift  of  his  church. 

CARTER,  JOSIAH  MASON,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  June  19,  1813, 
in  New  Canaan,  Conn.  He  practiced  in 
New  York  city  from  1840  till  1847,  and 
afterward  in  Norwalk;  and  served  three 
terms  in  the  Connecticut  legislature,  dur 
ing  the  last  of  which  he  was  speaker  of 
the  house.  From  1862  till  his  death  he 
filled  the  office  of  state's  attorney  for  Fair- 
field  county.  He  died  March  22,  1868,  in 
Norwalk,  Conn. 

CARTER,  LORENZO,  pioneer,  was  born 
in  1767,  in  Rutland,  Vt.  He  emigrated  in 
1796  to  the  western  reserve,  and  settled  in 
Cleveland  in  the  spring  of  1797.  He  kept 
•a  hotel  and  a  store  for  the  sale  of  hunt 
ing-supplies  in  the  early  days  of  Cleve 
land,  and  built  the  first  frame  house,  the 
first  warehouse,  and  the  first  vessel  con 
structed  in  that  town.  In  1804  he  was 
elected  a  major  in  the  militia.  He  died 
Feb.  7,  1814,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


198 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CARTER,  LUTHER  C.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1805,  in  Beth 
el,  Maine.  HP  settled  in  New  York  city, 
and  devoted  himself  to  mercantile  pur 
suits  with  success.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  education  in  that  city;  and 
was  elected  a  representathe  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

CARTER,  MARY  HELEN,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1871,  in  Fillmore 
county,  Minn.  For  several  terms  she 
taught  school  in  Iowa;  and  her  poems 
have  received  extensive  publication  in  the 
periodical  press. 

CARTER,  NATHAN  FRANKLIN, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  6, 
1830,  in  Henniker,  N.  H.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Native  Minis 
try  of  New  Hamp 
shire;  and  The  Ride 
for  Life  and  Other 
Poems.  For  several 
years  he  was  one  of 
•"M  |  the  editors  of  the 
New  Hampshire 
Journal  of  Educa 
tion.  His  poems 
have  constantly  ap 
peared  in  periodical 
literature,  and  In 
Poets  of  America, 
and  other  standard  collections.  He  is  al 
so  an  authority  on  religious  matters  in  his 
denomination. 

CARTER,  NATHANIEL  HAZELTINE, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1787, 
in  Concord,  Mass.  He  was  a  New  York 
journalist  who  published  Letters  from 
Europe,  and  wrote  many  poems  of  re 
flection.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1830,  in  Mar 
seilles,  France. 

CARTER,  OLIVER  STANLEY,  mer 
chant,  banker,  was  born  July  25,  1825,  in 
New  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  elected  a 
director  of  The  North  American  Fire  In 
surance  Co.  in  1856,  and  The  Home  In 
surance  Co.  about  1860,  which  positions  he 
has  since  held.  Since  1892  he  has  been 
president  of  The  National  Bank  of  the  Re 
public.  He  owns  the  Carter  building  at 
Broadway  and  Eighth  street;  and  the 
Carter  and  Macy  building  at  140-142  Pearl 
street. 

CARTER,  PETER,  publisher,  author, 
was  born  July  19,  1825,  in  Scotland.  He 
is  a  prominent  New  York  publisher;  and 
author  of  Crumbs  from  the  Land  of  Cakes, 
a  volume  of  travels  in  Scotland;  Scotia's 
Bards;  and  three  juvenile  tales  includ 
ing  Bertie  Lee;  Donald  Fraser;  and  Ef- 
fle's  Home. 

CARTER,  ROBERT,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  5,  1819,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
New  York  writer  who  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  Appleton's  American  Cyclo 
paedia,  to  which  he  contributed  many  ar 
ticles.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Summer 
Cruise  on  the  Coast  of  New  England.  He 
died  Feb.  15,  1879,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

CARTER,  RUSSEL  KELSO,  mathema 
tician,  author,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1849,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  is  a  mathematician  of 
Chester,  Pa.,  prominent  in  the  Holiness 
movement  in  the  methodist  church  and 
as  a  faith  healer.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Atonement  for  Sin  and  Sickness;  and 
Miracles  of  Healing. 

CARTER,  SAMUEL,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Carter  county,  Tenn.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war;  and  in  1865  attained  the- 
rank  of  lioutenant  commander  in  the 
navy.  During  the  following  three  years 
he  was  commandant  of  the  Naval  acad 
emy  of  Annapolis,  receiving  his  promo 
tion  as  captain  in  1870.  He  died  May  26, 
1891,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


CARTER,  THOMAS  HENRY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  30,  1854,  in  Scioto  county,  Ohio. 
He  was  engaged  in 
farming,  railroading, 
and  school  teaching 
for  a  number  of 
H  years;  studied  law 
i  and  was  admitted  to 
"  the  bar.  In  1882  he 
removed  from  Bur- 
liiiiAlnn.  Iowa,  to  He- 
lena,  Mont.;  and  was 
elected  delegate  from 
the  territory  of  Mon- 
;  j  tana  to  ''"'  fifty-first 

congress  as  a  repub 
lican,  and  upon  the  admission  of  the  state 
was  elected  its  first  representative  in  con 
gress.  He  was  commissioner  of  the  gen 
eral  land  office  from  March,  1891,  to  July, 
1892;  and  in  January,  1895,  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  by  the  legis- 
'lature  of  Montana  for  the  term  beginning 
in  1895  and  ending  in  1901.  In  July,  1892, 
he  was  elected  chairman  of  the  republican 
national  committee. 

CARTER,  TIMOTHY  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Maine 
senate  in  1833;  county  attorney  from  1833 
to  1837;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maine  in  1837-38.  He  died 
March  14,  1838,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CARTER,  W.  H.,  clergyman,  mission 
ary,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1829,  in  Utica,  N. 
Y.  He  was  chaplain  of  the  sixteenth  reg 
iment  of  Indiana  volunteers  in  1862-63. 
He  has  filled  various  pastorates;  and  in 
1877  began  missionary  work  in  Florida, 
with  headquarters  at  Tallahassee. 

CARTER,  WILLIAM  B.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1812,  in  Tenn 
essee.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house  and 
senate  in  the  state  legislature;  and  presi 
dent  of  the  constitutional  convention. 
From  1835  to  1841  he  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  his  native  state. 
He  died  April  17,  1848,  in  Carter  county, 
Tenn. 

CARTER,  WILLIAM  FRANCIS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1830,  in 
Northborough,  Mass.  In  1867  he  was  ap 
pointed  professor  of  ancient  languages, 
and  afterward  of  the  Latin  language  and 
history  in  the  university  of  Wisconsin. 
He  was  the  author  of  Annals  of  Tacitus; 
and  a  Short  History  of  the  Roman  People. 
He  died  Dec.  9,  1889. 

CARTER,  WILLIAM  T.,  coal  miner, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1827,  in  England.  About 
1867  he  founded  the  town  of  Redington 
on  The  Lehigh  Valley  railroad,  below 
Bethlehem,  built  there  two  large  blast 
furnaces  for  the  manufacture  of  pig  iron, 
and  erected  machine  shops  and  other 
works  and  a  large  number  of  dwellings. 
He  died  Feb.  9,  1893,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CARTER,  WILLIS  McGLASCOE,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1852, 
in  Albemarle  county,  Va.  For  sixteen 
years  he  taught  school;  was  president  of 
the  Augusta  Teachers'  association;  and 
is  now  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Staun- 
ton  Tribune,  Virginia. 

CARTER,  DAVID  KELLOGG,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June  22, 
1812,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
to  congress  as  a  democrat,  and  served 
two  terms,  from  1849  till  1853.  In  1861  he 
was  appointed  minister  to  Bolivia.  In 
1863  he  became  chief  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 
He  died  April  16,  1887,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 


CARTWRIGHT,  MARY  J.,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  5,  1856,  in  Portland,  Ind.  Her 
poems  have  appeared  in  the  periodical 
press;  in  Sunday  school  and  singing 
books,  and  in  sheet  music  form.  She  still 
resides  in  the  city  of  her  nativity. 

CARTWRIGHT,  PETER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1785,  in  Am- 
herst  county,  Va.  He  was  a  famous  meth 
odist  preacher  of 
Illinois;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Controversy 
with  the  Devil;  Au 
tobiography  of  a 
Backwoods  Preach 
er;  and  Fifty  Years 
a  Presiding  Elder. 
He  filled  many  high 
positions  in  his 
church,  and  attended 
all  the  important 
conventions.  H  e 

died    Sept.    25,    1872, 
near  Pleasant  Plains,  111. 

1  CARTWRIGHT,  SAMUEL  ADOLPHUS, 
physician,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1793,  in  Fair 
fax  county,  Va.  He  removed  to  Natchez, 
Miss.,  where  he  labored  for  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century,  and  served  at  one 
time  under  Gen.  Jackson  as  surgeon.  He 
removed  to  New  Orleans  in  1848,  and  in 
1862  was  appointed  to  improve  the  sani 
tary  condition  of  the  confederate  soldiers 
near  Port  Hudson  and  Vicksburg.  He  died 
May  2,  1863,  in  Jackson,  Miss. 

CARUTH,  ASHER  GRAHAM,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1844,  in 
Scotts\ille,  Ky.  He  was  attorney  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  public  schools  of 
Louisville,  by  annual  elections,  from  1873 
until  1880;  in  1880  was  elected  common 
wealth's  attorney  for  the  ninth  judicial 
district  of  Kentucky  for  the  constitutional 
term  of  six  years,  and  was  re-elected 
without  opposition  in  1886.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second  and  fifty-third  congresses. 

CARUTHERS,  ELI  WASHINGTON, 
clergyman,  historian,  was  born  Oct.  23, 
1793,  in  Rowan  county,  N.  C.  He  became 
pastor  of  Buffalo  and  Allemance  churches 
in  1820.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  of  Da 
vid  Caldwell;  and  two  volumes  of  Revo 
lutionary  Incidents  and  Sketches  of  Char 
acters,  Chiefly  in  the  Old  North  State. 
He  died  Nov.  14,  1865,  in  North  Carolina. 

CARUTHERS,  ROBERT  L.,  soldier, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  July  31, 
1800,  in  Smith  county,  Tenn.  In  1834  he 
was  elected  a  brigadier-general  of  militia; 
was  a  member  of  the  Tennessee  legisla 
ture  in  1835;  and  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1845,  declining  to  run  for  governor. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1841  to  1843,  declining  a 
re-election;  and  in  1852  was  called  to  a 
seat  on  the  supreme  bench  of  Tennessee, 
holding  the  position  many  years.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  peace  convention  of  1861. 
He  died  Oct.  4,  1882. 

CARUTHERS,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1820,  in  Mad 
ison  county,  Mo.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of  representatives  in  con 
gress  from  Missouri  from  1853  to  1859.  He 
died  July  20,  1860,  in  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo. 

CARVER,  JOHN,  governor,  was  "born 
about  1590  in  England.  He  was  the  first 
governor  of  Plymouth  from  1620  to  1621. 
He  died  April  5,  1621. 

CARVER,  JONATHAN,  traveler,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1732,  in  Stillwater,  N. 
Y.  He  was  of  an  adventurous  disposition, 
and  traveled  through  the  interior  parts  of 
North  America.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  Travels  through  the  Inte 
rior  Parts  of  North  America.  He  died 
Jan.  31,  1780,  in  London,  England. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


199 


*        fe 


CARVER,  NATHANIEL  E.,  educator, 
was  born  Aug.  6,  1841,  in  Cape  Vincent, 
N.  Y.  After  graduating  from  the  Massa 
chusetts  State  Normal  school  he  took  up 
educational  work  in  which  he  has  been 
eminently  successful.  He  has  taught  in 
Wisconsin  schools  in  Richmond  City, 
Lone  Rock,  Muscoda,  Sextonville,  Prairie 
<Ju  Chien,  and  Chetek;  and  for  six  years 
has  been  county  superintendent  of  Barron 
•county. 

GARY,  ALBIGENCE  WALDO,  inventor, 
was  born  May  23,  1801,  in  Coventry,  R. 
I.  He  was  the  inventor  of  Gary's  rotary 
force-pump,  which  was  used  on  the  first 
.steam  fire-engine  in  the  United  States,  in 
reconstructing  the  southern  railway  after 
the  civil  war  and  in  the  mines  of  Cali 
fornia.  He  died  Aug.  30,  1862  in  Brock- 
port,  N.  Y. 

CARY,  ALICE,  author,  poet,  was  born 
April  26,  1820,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  She 
was  an  Ohio  writer  who  came  with  her 
sister  Phoebe  to  New 
York  city  in  1852, 
and  as  poet  and  nov 
elist  became  promi 
nent  in  literary  cir- 
cles  there.  The 
weekly  receptions  of 
the  sisters  were  at 
tended  by  artists  and 
writers  for  many 
years.  Her  books  of 
verse  include  Lyra, 
and  Other  Poems;  A 
Lover's  Diary;  Bal 
lads,  Lyrics,  and  Hymns;  Early  and  Late 
Poems  (with  Phoebe  Cary,  infra).  Her 
•other  works  are  Clovernook,  a  book  of 
the  type  of  Miss  Mitford's  Our  Village; 
Pictures  of  Country  Life;  the  novels,  Ha- 
gar;  The  Bishop's  Son;  Married,  not 
Mated.  Snowberries,  a  juvenile;  From 
Year  to  Year;  and  A  Token  of  Remem 
brance.  She  died  Feb.  12,  1871,  in  New 
York. 

CARY,  ANNIE  LOUISE,  singer,  was 
born  Oct.  22,  1842,  in  Wayne,  Maine. 
During  the  most  active  part  of  her  pro 
fessional  career,  she  sang  at  all  the  festi 
vals  given  in  New  York,  Boston,  Cincin 
nati,  Chicago,  and  Worcester.  She  was 
always  a  favorite  with  the  American  pub 
lic;  and  was  equally  popular  as  an  opera 
singer  in  foreign  countries.  In  1882  she 
was  married  to  Charles  Monson  Raymond 
of  New  York  city;  and  has  since  sung 
•only  in  private  and  for  charity. 

CARY,  ARCHIBALD,  patriot,  was  born 
in  1730,  in  Virginia.  He  served  mainly  in 
the  Virginia  convention  and  was  chosen 
president  of  the  senate  when  its  state 
government  was  organized.  He  died  in 
September,  1786. 

CARY,  EDWARD,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1840,  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
journalist  of  New  York  cjty  on  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  The  Times;  and  the  author 
of  Life  of  George  William  Curtis. 

CARY,  GEORGE  B.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  member  of  congress  from  the  Pet 
ersburg  district.  Virginia,  in  1842  and 
1843.  He  died  March  5,  1850,  in  South 
ampton  county,  Va. 

CARY,  GEORGE  LOVELL,  theologian, 
author,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  has  been  professor  of  New  Tes 
tament  literature  at  Meadville  Theologi 
cal  seminary  since  1862;  and  is  the  author 
of  Introduction  to  the  Greek  of  the  New 
Testament. 

•CARY,  JOSEPH  CLINTON,  inventor, 
was  born  Oct.  12,  1828,  in  Alexander,  N. 
Y.  He  built  two  steam  fire-engines  ab^ut 
1860,  to  which  his  father's  pump  was  ap 
plied,  for  use  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
the  originator  of  the  cross-town  railroad 


running  from  Christopher  street  ferry  to 
the  East  river  at  Twenty-third  street.  He 
died  Aug.  7,  1884,  in  Martha's  Vineyard, 
Mass. 

CARY,  OLIVER  HAZARD  P.,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1819, 
in  Connersville,  Ind.  He  was  in  all  the 
battles  of  the  army  of  the  Cumberland, 
and  was  wounded  five  times.  In  187'i  he 
was  elected  to  represent  Grant  county  in 
the  legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1878  from  Marion,  Ind. 

CARY,  PHOEBE,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Sept.  4,  1824,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  She  is 
the  author  of  Poems  and  Parodies;  Poems 
of  Faith,  Hope,  and 
Love.  She  will  be 
longest  remembered 
by  the  well-known 
hymn,  Nearer  Home. 
Her  father  moved 
from  Vermont  short- 
ly  before  her  birth. 
She  and  her  sister 
Alice  wrote  a  num 
ber  of  exquisite 
poems.  Her  name  is 
sometimes  spslled 
Carey.  She  died 
July  31,  1871. 

CARY,  SAMUEL  FENTON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1814,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  'the  fortieth 
congress;  and  was  the  only  member  of 
his  party  who  voted  against  the  impeach 
ment  of  President  Andrew  Johnson. 

CARY,  SHEPARD,  merchant,  farmer, 
congressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  legislature  in  1832,  1823,  from  1839 
to  1842,  in  1843,  and  from  1848  to  1854. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine  from  1844  to  1845.  He  died  in 
August,  1866,  in  Maine. 

CARY,  TRUMBULL,  soldier,  legislator, 
banker,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1787,  in  Mans 
field,  Conn.  In  1805  he  moved  to  Batavia, 
N.  Y.,  and  for  thirty  years  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  work.  He  was  adjutant  in 
the  war  of  1812;  was  elected  to  the  as 
sembly;  served  as  state  senator;  and 
was  the  founder  of  the  Bank  of  Genesee. 
He  died  June  20,  1869. 

CASE,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1817,  in  Austin- 
burg,  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Indiana  in  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth 
congresses. 

CASE,  JEROME  I.,  manufacturer,  was 
born  Dec.  11,  1819,  in  Williamstown,  N. 
Y.  The  success  of  the  Case  machines  was 
phenomenal.  Repeated  enlargements  of 
the  plant  were  needed,  and  these  great 
and  prosperous  works  now  occupy  forty 
acres  of  ground  and  have  an  output  of 
$2,000,000  worth  of  machines  a  year.  In 
1880  the  business  was  incorporated  as  The 
J.  I.  Case  Threshing  Machine  Co.,  capital 
$1,000,000.  He  died  Dec.  22,  1891,  in  Ra 
cine,  Wis. 

CASE,  MARIETTA  STANLEY,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1845,  in  Thompson, 
Conn.  She  is  the  daughter  of  a  clergy 
man  of  Puritan  and 
revolutionary  ances 
try;  and  she  is  re 
gent  of  the  Daugh 
ters  of  the  American 
Revolution.  She  has 
held  various  offices 
in  home  and  foreign 
missionary  work. 
Her  best  poems  are 
entitled  The  Waning 
Century;  and  Amor- 
patioe,  the  latter  be 
ing  written  for  the 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution. 
She  was  one  of  the  Connecticut  women 


authors  given  creditable  mention  at  the 
Atlanta  exposition.  She  is  the  wife  of 
Mr.  A.  Willard  Case,  a  prominent  paper 
manufacturer  of  South  Manchester,  Conn. 
CASE,  THEODORE  SPENCER,  soldier, 
physician,  journalist,  was  born  Jan.  26, 
1832,  in  Jackson,  Butts  county,  Ga.  From 
1860  till  1861  he  edited  the  Medical  Re 
view  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  He  became 
second  lieutenant  of  the  twenty-fifth  Mis 
souri  infantry  in  1861,  and  later  captain 
and  assistant  quartermaster.  In  1865  he 
was  made  colonel  and  quartermaster-gen- 
.  eral  of  Missouri,  and  from  1866  till  1868 
was  curator  of  the  university  of  Missouri. 
From  1873  till  1885  ne  was  postmaster  of 
Kansas  City;  and  in  1885  became  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  in  Kansas  City  Medi 
cal  college.  He  edited  the  Kansas  City 
Review  of  Science  and  Industry  from  1877 
till  1885;  and  in  1886  became  president 
of  the  Kansas  City  real  estate  and  stock 
exchange. 

CASE,  WALTER,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1819  to  1821. 

CASEBEER,  JACOB,  physician,  was 
born  April  11,  1839,  in  Auburn,  Ind.  He 
was  commissioned  a  surgeon  in  the 
union  army,  and  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service  June  27,  1865.  He  is  a  member  and 
president  of  the  North-eastern  Medical  so 
ciety  of  Indiana,  and  also  belongs  to  the 
American  Medical  association. 

CASEY,  JOSEPH,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1849  to  1851;  and  in  1863  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  court  of  claims. 

CASEY,  LEVI,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1749,  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  South  Caro 
lina  from  1803  to  1807.  He  died  Feb.  1, 
1807,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CASEY,  LYMAN  R.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1837,  in  York,  N.  Y.  In  1882  he 
removed  to  North  Dakota,  and  has  since 
been  engaged  in  the  management  of  the 
affairs  of  the  Carrington  and  Casey  Land 
company,  whose  business  includes  the 
cultivation  of  several  thousand  acres  of 
land.  He  acted  as  commissioner  on  the 
organization  of  Foster  county,  Dakota 
territory;  and  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  as  a  republican  in  1889,  and 
served  till  1893. 

CASEY,  SAMUEL,  financier,  was  born 
in  Kentucky.  While  residing  in  Washing 
ton  City  he  was  appointed  treasurer  of 
the  United  States  in  1853,  and  held  the 
office  until  1860. 

CASEY,  SAMUEL  L.,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 

CASEY,    SILAS,    general,    author,    was 
born  July  12,  1807,  in  East  Greenwich,  R. 
I.    He  was  a  general  in  the  United  States 
army  who  published 
_,.^j>—-. ...  Infantry         Tactics; 

and  Infantry  Tactics 
i  for  Colored  Troops. 
^^-  ;  In  1826  he  graduated 
t  from  the  United 
States  Military  acad 
emy;  served  in  the 
Seminole  war  of 
1837-42;  distin 
guished  himself  in 
the  war  with  Mexi 
co;  and  was  made 
brigadier-general  of 
He  subsequently  at 
tained  the  rank  of  major-general  of  the 
United  States  army;  retired  in  1868;  and 
twice  received  the  thanks  of  the  Rhode 
Island  legislature  for  distinguished  ser 
vices  in  the  civil  war.  He  died  Jan.  22, 
1882,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


volunteers  in  1861. 


200 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CASEY,  SILAS,  naval  officer,  was  born 
Sept.  11,  1841,  in  Rhode  Island.  He  be 
came  master  in  1861,  lieutenant  in  1862, 
lieutenant-commander  in  1866,  and  com 
mander  in  1874.  He  was  attached  to  the 
steamer  Wissahickon  in  1861,  and  was  in 
the  first  attack  on  Fort  Sumter  and  var 
ious  engagements  with  the  batteries  in 
Charleston  harbor.  He  was  equipment  of 
ficer  at  the  Washington  navy-yard  in 
1882-84,  light-house  inspector  in  1885,  and 
in  1886  commanded  the  receiving-ship 
Dale.  He  was  made  a  captain  in  1889; 
and  promoted  to  commodore  in  1898. 

CASEY,  THOMAS*  LINCOLN,  soldier, 
educator,  was  born  May  10,  1831.  in  Sack- 
ett's  Harbor.  N.  Y.  In  1854-59  he  was 
assistant  professor  of  engineering  in  the 
United  States  Military  academy.  From 
1859  till  1861  he  had  command  of  the  en 
gineer  corps  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  served  at  first  as 
staff  engineer  at  Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  be 
came  captain  in  the  engineer  corps  on 
Aug.  6,  1861,  and  was  superintending  engi 
neer  of  the  permanent  defences  and  field 
fortifications  upon  the  coast  of  Maine. 

Cl\SEY,  ZADOC,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Georgia.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Illinois  from  1833  to 
1843;  and  also  held  the  office  of  lieuten 
ant-governor  of  the  state,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  one  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
ventions.  He  died  in  1862,  in  Caseyville, 

CASH,  JOHN  H.,  journalist,  jurist,  was 
born  in  January,  I860,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Leader 
of  Westfield,  N.  J.;  has  been  judge  of 
the  district  court;  and  has  filled  various 
other  public  positions  of  honor. 

CASHEN,  THOMAS  V.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1835,  in  Pictou,  N.  S. 
After  the  close  of  the  war  he  came  to 
Jacksonville,  Fla.,  and  for  nine  years  was 
engaged  in  the  business  of  contracting 
and  building.  In  1874  he  became  a  part 
ner  of  Alexander  Wallace  in  the  Alligator 
steam  saw  and  planing  mills;  and  in  1884 
became  sole  proprietor. 

CASILKAR,  JOHN  W..  painter,  was 
born  June  25,  1811,  in  New  York.  His 
principal  works  are  Swiss  Lake;  Genesee 
Meadows;  September  Afternoon;  Trout 
Brook;  Autumn;  Scene  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  View  on  Chemung  River;  View  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains;  Scene  on  Long  Is 
land;  Early  Autumn;  Genesee  Valley 
and  Early  Summer,  Long  Island  Sound. 

CASKIE.  JOHN  S.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  from  1851  to  1855.  He  died  Dec  15 
1869.  in  Richmond.  Va. 

CASON.  THOMAS  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  13.  1828,  in  Union  county,  Ind.  From 
1861-64  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Indiana 
legislature;  from 
1864-67  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  sen- 
mm  ^r^  w-  |  ate;  and  in  1867  was 
»*  appointed  judge  of 
fommon  pleas,  and 
re-elected  to  the 
same  office  for  a 
term  of  four  years. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-third  and 
forty-fourth  c  o  n  - 
gresses,  serving  on  the  committee  on  re 
vision  of  laws.  He  still  continues  the 
practice  of  law  at  Lebanon,  Ind.,  where 
he  has  attained  a  large  practice. 


CASS,  GEORGE  N.,  artist.  He  studied 
with  Inues,  and  has  painted  landscapes  in 
oil  and  water-colors,  exhibiting  at  the 
Boston  Art  club  and  elsewhere.  Among 
his  works  which  are  specially  popular  in 
New  England  are  Evening  on  the  Ken- 
nebec  River;  and  View  in  Medway,  Mass. 
His  wife  is  also  an  artist,  and  has  painted 
fruit,  flowers,  and  still-life,  in  oil. 

CASS,  JOSEPH  FORREST,  banker,  was 
born  July  31,  1863,  in  Vernon  county,  Wis. 
He  is  president  of  the  Tripoli  Savings 
bank,  Iowa;  and  vice-president  of  the 
bank  of  Sumner,  Iowa.  He  is  also  presi 
dent  of  the  Western  Electric  Telephone 
system,  consisting  of  two  thousand  miles 
of  lines  in  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Wisconsin 
and  South  Dakota.  He  is  also  a  director 
in  the  Waterloo  and  Cedar  Falls  railway; 
and  is  interested  in  various  other  busi 
ness  enterprises. 

CASS,    LEWIS,    statesman,    was    born 
Oct.  9,  1782,  in  Exeter,  N.  H.     He  was  a 
statesman  of  Michigan  who  was  secretary 
of  war   in  Jackson's 
administration;    am 
bassador  to   France; 
and      a      democratic 
candidate   for   presi 
dent  in  1845.   He  was 
the  author  of  Inqui 
ries    Concerning    the 
History,      Traditions 
and  Languages  of  the 
Indians    in    the 
United    States;     and 
France,    its    King, 
Court,    and     Govern 
ment,    1840.     He   died   June    17,    1866,   in 
Detroit,  Mich. 

CASSADY,  J.  E.,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  July  8,  1859,  in  Roane  county,  Tenn. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  and  at  the  Grant  university  of 
Athens.  For  eight  years  he  was  clerk  of 
the  circuit  court;  and  in  1896  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Tennessee  state  legisla 
ture  in  the  fiftieth  general  assembly. 

CASSATT,  ALEXANDER  JOHNSTON, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1839, 
in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  Since  1885  he  has  been 
president  of  the  New  York,  Philadelphia 
and  Norfolk  railroad. 

CASSEDY,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Bergen  county,  N.  J.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  Jer 
sey  from  1821  to  1827.  He  died  Dec.  31, 
1842,  in  Hackensack,  N.  J. 

CASSEL,  ABRAHAM  HARLEY,  edu 
cator,  antiquarian,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
21,  1820,  in  Kulpsville.  Pa.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  Cassel  library,  which  con 
sists  of  fifty  thousand  valuable  books  and 
documents.  He  presented  about  twenty- 
eight  thousand  books  and  documents  to 
the  Brethren's  Collegiate  institute  of 
Mount  Morris,  111.;  and  contributed  to  the 
historical  society  of  Pennsylvania  about 
three  thousand  books  and  papers  relating 
to  the  early  history  of  that  state. 

CASSEL,  FLORA  H.,  temperance  work 
er.  She  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  White  Ribbon  Vibrations. 

CASSELL,  CHARLES  E.,  journalist, 
was  born  Aug.  31,  1849,  in  Wakefield,  Md. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Clarion 
of  Thurmont,  Md.,  where  he  is  a  promi 
nent  business  man  and  interested  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

CASSERLY,  EUGENE,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1822,  in 
Ireland.  He  removed  to  California  in 
1850,  and  identified  himself  with  the  press 
of  San  Francisco.  He  was  elected  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  from  California  for  the 


term  commencing  in  1869  and  ending  in 
1875.  He  died  June  14,  1883,  in  San  Fran 
cisco,  Cal. 

CASSIDY.  GEORGE  WILLIAMS,  jour 
nalist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  April  25,  1836,  in  Bourbon  county. 
Ky.  He  became  a  journalist,  and  settled 
in  Nevada.  He  was  a  state  senator  from 
1872  to  1880;  president  of  the  senate  dur 
ing  the  session  of  1879;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Nevada  to  the 
forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

CASSIDY,  PATRICK  S..  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1850,  in  Ireland. 
In  1868  he  became  connected  with  the 
Associated  Press,  remaining  with  that 
association  for  ten  years.  He  successively 
edited  the  New  York  Sunday  Democrat, 
Illustrated  Times  and  the  Celtic  Maga 
zine,  of  which  latter  periodical  he  was 
part  owner.  Since  1881  he  has  been  regu 
larly  connected  with  the  Sunday  Mercury 
He  has  written  song  verse;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  Glenough,  or 
the  Victims  of  Vengeance. 

CASSIN,  JOHN,  naturalist,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  6,  1813,  in  Chester,  Pa.  He 
was  a  naturalist  of  Philadelphia  whose 
American  Ornithology  is  a  continuation 
of  Audubon's  work  on  that  subject.  Other 
works  of  his  are  Ornithology  of  the  Japan 
Expedition;  Mammalogy  and  Ornithology 
of  the  Wilkes  Exploring  Expedition;  Il 
lustrations  of  the  Birds  of  California, 
Texas,  etc.;  and  A  General  Synopsis  of 
North  American  Ornithology.  He  died 
Jan.  10,  1869,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

CASSIN,  STEPHEN,  naval  officer,  was. 
born  Feb.  16,  1783,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  served  with  distinction  in  the  war  with 
Tripoli,  commanded  the  Ticonderoga  in 
Macdonough's  victory  on  Lake  Champlain, 
and  was  rewarded  by  congress  with  a  gold 
medal  for  bravery  in  that  action.  He  was 
a  terror  to  the  pirates  that  infested  the 
West  Indies,  and  captured  four  of  their 
vessels  in  1822.  He  died  Aug.  29,  1857,  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C. 

CASSODAY,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  author,  was  born  July  7,  1830, 
in  Herkimer  county,  N.  Y.  He  pursued  his 
early  studies  in  the 
common  schools,  and 
at  the  academies  in 
Wellsboro  and 
Jk  ,_  M|  Knoxville,  graduat 
ing  from  the  Alfred 
academy.  He  subse 
quently  studied  one 
year  at  the  Michigan 
university,  and  at- 
tended  the  law 
school  of  Albany,  N. 
Y.  In  1857  he  settled 
in  Janesville,  Wis.. 
where  he  soon  attained  prominence  as  a 
great  lawyer.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Wisconsin  state  legislature  in  1865  and 
again  in  1877,  when  he  was  made  speaker 
of  that  body.  In  1864  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Baltimore  convention  that  nomi 
nated  Lincoln  for  president;  and  in  1880 
to  the  Chicago  convention  that  nominated 
Garfield,  and  was  chairman  of  the  Wis 
consin  delegation.  In  1880  he  was  ap 
pointed  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court:  received  the  re-election  to  that 
office  in  1881  and  again  in  1889.  He  be 
came  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Wisconsin  in  1895,  and  still  fills  that 
high  position.  He  is  also  professor  of 
constitutional  law  in  the  college  of  law 
at  the  university  of  Wisconsin.  Chief 
.Justice  Cassoday  is  the  author  of  Casso- 
day  on  Wills;  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  law  journals. 


HBRRINOBHAWa    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


201 


CAS8ON,  HENRY,  journalist,  secretary 
of  state,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1843,  in 
Brownsville,  Pa.  Since  1873  he  has  been 
a  resident  of  Viroqua,  Wis.,  where  he  was 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Vernon 
County  Censor  during  1875-85.  During 
1885-89  he  was  private  secretary  to  Gov 
ernor  Rusk;  to  Governor  Hoard  in  1889- 
91;  and  to  the  secretary  of  agriculture  in 
1891-92.  In  1894  he  was  elected  secretary 
of  state  of  Wisconsin;  and  takes  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
adopted  state. 

CASTEEL,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  journalist, 
was  born  Dec.  27,  1872,  in  Laurel  county, 
Ky.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Newton  Herald  of  Jasper,  Ark.,  of  which 
city  he  has  been  mayor. 

CASTLE,  CURTIS  HARVEY,  educator, 
physician,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  4. 
1848,  in  Knox  county,  111.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  the  fusion 
candidate  of  the  populist  and  democratic 
parties. 

CASTLE,  HENRY  ANSON,  lawyer, 
journalist,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1841,  in  Co 
lumbus,  111.  In  1862  he  graduated  from 
the  McKendee  col 
lege,  111.  He  then 
enlisted  as  a  private 
in  the  seventy-third 
regiment  of  Illinois 
volunteer  infantry. 
He  was  made  ser 
geant-major  of  his 
regiment;  was  se 
verely  wounded  in 
the  battle  of  Stone 
River,  and  finally 
discharged.  H  e 

afterwards    raised    a 

company  for  the  one  hundred  and  seventh 
regiment  Illinois  infantry,  which  he 
commanded  as  captain  during  his  term  of 
service.  For  ten  years  he  practiced  law 
in  St.  Paul,  and  in  1876  was  chosen  editor- 
in-chief  of  the  St.  Paul  Dispatch,  of  which 
he  became  owner.  In  1885  he  disposed  of 
the  Dispatch;  and  since  1895  has  been 
•  president  of  the  Provident  Trust  company. 
In  1873  he  was  a  member  of  the  Minne 
sota  legislature;  in  1892-96  was  post 
master  of  St.  Paul;  and  during  1872-75 
was  commander  of  the  department  of 
Minnesota,  G.  A.  R. 

CASTLE,  JAMES  N.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Mcfy  23, 
1836,  in  Shefford,  P.  Q.  He  was  elected 
district  attorney  and  located  in  Stillwater, 
where  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  since.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  in  1868,  and  re-elected  in  1878 
and  1882,  serving  in  all  ten  years.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

CASWALL,  HENRY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1810,  in  England.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  English 
birth,  but  ordained  in  the  United  States, 
where  the  most  of  his  life  was  spent. 
He  lived  for  a  time  in  England,  however, 
and  was  a  prebend  of  Salisbury.  He  was 
the  author  of  An  Epitome  of  the  History 
of  the  American  Episcopal  Church  (1836); 
Didascalus,  or  The  Teacher;  Mormonism 
and  its  Author;  The  Jerusalem  Chamber, 
or  Convocation  and  its  Possibilities;  The 
Californian  Crusoe,  a  Tale  of  Mormonism; 
Scotland  and  the  Scottish  Church;  The 
Western  World  Revisited;  The  Martyr  of 
the  Pongas;  and  The  American  Church 
and  the  American  Union.  He  died  Dec. 
17,  1870,  in  Franklin,  Pa. 

CASWELL,  ALEXIS,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  in  1799,  in 


Taunton,  Mass.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man  and  educator;  and  for  thirty-five 
years  a  professor  at  Brown  university, 
and  its  president  in  1868-72.  He  has  lec 
tured  on  Astronomy;  and  Meteorological 
Observations.  He  died  Jan.  8,  1877,  In 
Providence,  R.  I. 

CASWELL,  LUCIEN  B.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  born  Nov.  27, 
1827,  in  Swanton,  Vt.  In  1855  he  was  dis 
trict  attorney;  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican 
convention  of  1868; 
and  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in 
1863,  1872,  and  1874. 
He  was  elected  a 
representative  from 
Wisconsin  to  the  for 
ty-fourth,  forty-fifth, 
*  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh,  forty-ninth, 
fiftieth  and  fifty-first 
congresses  as  a  re 
publican.  He  was  on  several  important 
committees. 

CASWELL.  RICHARD,  soldier,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1729, 
in  Maryland.  From  1754  to  1771  he  was 
a  member  of  the  colonial  assembly,  and 
for  the  last  two  years  was  speaker  of 
the  house  of  delegates.  He  commanded 
the  right  wing  of  Tryon's  forces  at  the 
battle  of  Allamance,  in  1771;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  continental  congress  from  1774 
to  1776;  in  1775  was  president  of  the 
provincial  congress  which  framed  the 
constitution  of  the  state,  and  was  elected 
first  governor  of  North  Carolina  under  it, 
holding  that  office  until  1779.  In  1780  he 
led  the  North  Carolina  troops  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Camden;  in  1782  was  speaker  of  the 
senate,  and  comptroller-general,  perform 
ing  the  duties  of  both  offices  until  1784, 
when  he  was  again  elected  governor,  and 
held  that  position  until  he  became  ineli 
gible  by  the  laws  of  the  state.  In  1787 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  for 
framing  the  federal  constitution;  in  1789 
was  elected  state  senator,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  ratified 
the  constitution;  and  was  also  speaker  of 
the  senate.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1789  in 
Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

CATCHINGS,  THOMAS  CLENDENIN, 
soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  born  Jan.  11, 
1847,  in  Hinds  county,  Miss.  In  1875  he 
was  elected  state  senator  for  a  term  of  four 
years;  resigned  in  1877,  and  was  elected 
attorney-general  of  Mississippi  for  four 
years;  and  in  1881  was  re-elected.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Missis 
sippi  to  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth 
and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CATE,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  September,  1824, 
in  Montpelier,  Vt.  He  was  district-at 
torney;  a  member  of  the  legislature 
for  two  terms;  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  the 'seventh  judicial  circuit  in 
1854;  was  re-elected  three  terms,  hold 
ing  the  position  twenty-one  years;  and 
in  1874  resigned,  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Vermont  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress. 

CATE,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born  March  10, 
1834,  in  Worthwood,  N.  H.  In  1877-78  he 
served  as  a  member  of  theNew Hampshire 
senate,  and  since  1888  has  been  judge  of 
the  second  district  court  of  Essex  county. 
He  was  a  personal  friend  of  the  poet  John 
Greenleaf  Whittier,  and  from  1876  until 
Mr.  Whittier's  death  sat  at  Judge  Cate's 
table. 


CATER,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  farmer, 
stockman,  was  born  May  6,  1842,  in  Bel- 
mont  county,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  enlisted 
as  a  union  soldier;  and  still  carries  a  ball 
in  his  right  shoulder,  which  he  received 
at  the  charge  on  Fort  Wagoner,  S.  C.,  July 
18,  1863.  He  has  filled  all  the  positions 
of  honor  in  the  gift  of  his  town  and 
county;  and  has  served  as  the  department 
commander  of  the  Oklahoma  G.  A.  R. 

CATE,  WILLIAM  HENDERSON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
11,  1839,  in  Rutherford  county,  Tenn.  He- 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  1871  and 
1873,  including  the  extra  session  of  1874; 
was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  the 
second  circuit  in  1878;  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  second  circuit  in  March,  1884,. 
and  was  elected  to  the  same  position  with 
out  opposition  in  September,  1884.  He  or 
ganized  the  bank  of  Jonesborough  in 
1887;  and  received  certificate  of  election 
to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  democrat; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

CATHCART,  CHARLES  W.,  surveyor, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1809  in  the 
Island  of  Madeira.  He  was  for  several' 
years  a  United  States  surveyor;  served  in 
the  state  legislature;  and  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1845.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1845  to  1849;  and  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  1852  to  1853,  by  appoint 
ment. 

CATHCART,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1826,  in  Ireland.  He 
is  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Philadelphia; 
and  the  author  of  The  Baptists  and  the- 
American  Revolution;  The  Papal  System; 
The  Baptism  of  the  Ages  and  the  Na 
tions;  and  The  Baptist  Encyclopaedia. 

CATHERWOOD,  MRS.  MARY  [HART- 
WELL],  author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1847. 
in  Luray,  Ohio.  She  is  a  writer  of 
Hoopeston,  111.,  whose  historical  ro 
mances  dealing  with  the  early  days  of 
Canada  and  the  northwest  are  as  notable 
for  their  careful  attention  to  historical 
details  as  for  their  graphic  and  pictur 
esque  style.  She  is  the  author  of  A  Wo 
man  in  Armour;  The  Lady  of  Fort  St. 
John;  and  The  Romance  of  Dollard. 

CATHRALL,  ISAAC,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1764  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He- 
was  a  surgeon  of  the  city  almshouse  from' 
1810  to  1816.  He  published  Remarks  on 
the  Yellow  Fever;  Buchan's  Domestic 
Medicine,  with  Notes;  Memoir  on  the 
Analysis  of  the  Black  Vomit.  He  died 
Feb.  22,  1819. 

CATLIN,  AMOS  P.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1823,  in  Dutchess 
county,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  Kingston  academy,  and  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Sacramento,  Cal.  He  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  California  state  legislature;  a 
member  of  the  California  state  board  of 
equalization;  and  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Sacramento  county. 

CATLIN,  GEORGE,  artist,  author,  was 
born  in  1796  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.  He 
was  an  artist  who  spent  many  years 
among  the  Indians;  and  the  author  of 
Notes  of  Eight  Years  in  Europe;  Illus 
trations  of  the  Manners,  Customs,  and 
Condition  of  the  North  American  Indians; 
Notes  for  the  Emigrant  to  America;  Life 
Among  the  Indians,  a  Book  for  Youth; 
The  Breath  of  Life,  or  Mai-Respiration 
and  its  Effects;  O-Kee-Pa,  a  Religious 
Ceremony,  and  other  Customs  of  the  Man- 
dans;  Last  Rambles  Among  the  Indians 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains;  and  The  Lifted! 
and  Subsided  Rocks  of  America.  He 
died  Dec.  23,  1872,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 


202 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CATLIN,  GEORGE  LYNDE,  journalist, 
diplomat,  author,  was  born  in  1840  on 
Staten  Island.  He  was  a  journalist  and 
diplomat,  consul  at  Limoges,  Stuttgart, 
and  Zurich;  and  the  author  of  Bilbigheim, 
a  story;  The  Presidential  Campaign  of 
1896,  written  in  1898;  Titbits  for  Trav 
elers;  and  The  Postilion  of  Nagold,  and 
Other  Poems. 

CATLIN,  GEORGE  S.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1808  in  Har- 
wington,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1843  to  1845;  was  a 
number  of  years  in  the  state  legislature; 
and  state's  attorney,  and  judge  of  the 
Windham  county  court.  He  died  in  De 
cember,  1851. 

CATO,  STERLING  G..  jurist,  was  born 
in  Georgia.  He  removed  to  Alabama, 
from  which  state  he  was  appointed  an  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  United  States  court 
for  the  territory  of  Kansas. 

CATON,  JOHN  DEAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  March  19,  1812,  in  Morn- 
roe,  N.  Y.  He  gained  a  large  and  lucra 
tive  practice  in  Chicago,  and  in  1842  was 
elected  judge  of  the  Illinois  supreme  court, 
becoming  chief  justice  in  1855.  He  re 
signed  that  honorable  position  in  1864, 
in  order  to  devote  himself  to  private 
business.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Summer 
in  Norway,  and  Antelope  and  Deer  of 
America. 

CATON.  RICHARD,  merchant,  was 
born  in  England  in  1763.  He  became  a 
merchant  in  Baltimore,  and  in  1790  en 
tered  into  an  association  for  the  manufac 
ture  of  cotton.  He  was  particularly  in 
terested  in  geological  researches,  and  was 
one  of  the  founders  in  1795  of  the  library 
company,  w.hose  collection  was  merged 
in  the  library  of  the  Maryland  Historical 
society.  He  died  May  19,  1845,  in  Balti 
more,  Md. 

CATRON.  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1778  in  Wythe  county,  Va.  In 
1824  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state;  and  in 
1837  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  United  States,  which 
position  he  held  until  his  death.  He  died 
May  30,  1865,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

CATRON,  THOMAS  BENTON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1840, 
in  Lafayette  county,  Mo.  He  has  served 
as  district  attorney,  and  United  States 
attorney  for  New  Mexico.  He  was  four 
times  a  member  of  the  New  Mexico  leg 
islature,  and  served  as  a  delegate  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  from  that  state. 

CATTELL.  ALEXANDER  GILMORE. 
merchant,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Feb.  12,  1816,  in  Salem,  N.  J.  In  1840 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature. 
In  1846  he  settled  in  Philadelphia  as  a 
merchant;  became  a  director  in  the  Me 
chanics'  bank;  and  was  elected  to  the 
city  councils  from  1850  to  1854.  In  1855  he 
returned  to  New  Jersey,  but  continued 
his  business  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  one 
of  the  early  presidents  of  the  Corn  Ex 
change  association  of  that  city;  in  1858 
organized  the  Corn  Exchange  bank,  and 
was  president  of  the  same.  In  1866  he 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  for  the  term  ending  1871  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 

CATTELL,  WILLIAM  CASSIDY,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  Aug.  30,  1827,  in  Salem,  N.  J.  From 
1855  till  1860  he  was  professor  of  Latin 
and  Greek  in  Lafayette  college,  and  in 
1863  became  its  president.  Through  his 
exertions  more  than  $1,000,000  was  ob 
tained  for  the  institution,  extensive 
grounds  were  added  and  commodious 
buildings  were  erected. 


CAULDWELL,  LESLIE  GIFFEN,  ar 
tist,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1864,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  an  artist  of  New  York  city, 
and  has  exhibited  his  paintings  in  Ber 
lin,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Cincinnati  and 
St.  Louis.  Several  of  his  pictures  were 
exhibited  at  the  World's  Columbian  expo 
sition. 

CAULDWELL,  WILLIAM,  journalist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1824,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1867  he  was  elected 
state  senator  from  New  York,  and  re- 
elected  in  1869.  In  1876  he  became  the 
sole  owner  and  proprietor  of  the  Sunday 
Mercury  of  New  York  city. 

CAULFIELD,  BERNARD  G..  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1828,  in 
Alexandria,  Va.  He  removed  to  Chicago 
in  1853,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress  from  Illi 
nois,  having  previously  served  in  the  for 
ty-third  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

CAULKINS,  FRANCES  MAINWAR- 
ING,  author,  was  born  in  1796,  in  New 
London,  Conn.  She  was  a  local  historian 
of  Connecticut;  and  the  author  of  A 
History  of  Norwich;  and  A  History  of 
New  London.  She  died  Feb.  3,  1869,  in  New 
London,  Conn. 

CAUSEY,  JOHN  WILLIAMS,  fruit  grow 
er,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  19,  1841,  in  Milford,  Del.  He  is  en 
gaged  in  farming  and  fruit  growing;  and 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  for  1875- 
77.  He  was  delegate  to  the  national  dem 
ocratic  con\ention  in  1884;  was  appoint 
ed  internal  revenue  collector  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Delaware  by  President  Cleveland, 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He 
took  an  active  part  in  all  movements 
which  tended  to  the  agricultural  interests 
of  the  United  States. 

CAUSEY,  P.  F.,  governor,  was  born  in 
1801.  He  was  a  merchant  by  occupation, 
and  was  elected  governor  of  Delaware  in 
1854,  and  remained  in  office  four  years. 
He  died  Feb.  17,  1871,  in  Milford,  Del. 

CAUSIN,  JOHN  M.  S.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Mary 
land.  He  served  several  terms  in  the 
legislature;  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  his  native  state  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  in  1849  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1861,  in  Cairo,  111. 

CAUTHORN,  HENRY  S.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  23,  1828,  in  Vincennes,  Ind.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney; 
and  in  1855  was  elected  city  attorney  of 
Vincennes,  Ind.  In  1870  he  was  the  rep- 
resentathe  from  Knox  county,  and  was 
re-elected  in  the  fall  of  1872  and  again  in 
1878. 

CAVANAUGH,  JAMES  M.,  lawyer,  min 
er,  congressman,  was  born  July  4,  1823,  in 
Springfield,  Mass.  He  removed  to  Min 
nesota  in  1854,  and  was  elected  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress.  He  moved  to  Colo 
rado  in  1861,  and  was  a  member  of  its 
constitutional  convention.  He  removed 
to  Montana  in  1866,  and  was  elected  a 
delegate  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CAVANESS,  JAMES  M.,  journalist,  lec 
turer,  poet,  was  born  March  29,  1842,  in 
Monrovia,  Ind.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Baker  university;  at  the  gradua 
tion  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  and 
three  years  later  the  degree  of  A.  M.  In 
1866-67  he  was  principal  of  the  city 
schools  at  Butler,  Mo.,  :md  later  at  Paola, 
Kas.  He  is  now  the  editor  and  proprietor 
of  The  Advance  of  Chetopa.  Kan.;  and  has 
published  a  volume  of  poems. 


CAVERLY,  ROBERT  BOODEY,  lawyer, 
historian,  poet,  was  born  July  19,  1806,  in 
Stratford,  N.  H.  He  attended  the  schools 
of  his  native  town, 
Pembroke  academy, 
and  in  1837  graduat 
ed  from  Harvard 
university.  When 
quite  young  he  held 
the  office  of  colonel 
in  the  major-general 
staff,  and  inspector 
in  the  New  Hamp 
shire  militia.  In  his 
younger  days  he 
taught  school,  and 
subsequently  prac 
ticed  law  in  the  courts  of  Maine,  New 
Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  and  in  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia;  and  in  1857  served  as 
city  solicitor  of  Lowell,  Mass.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Merrimack,  in  two 
volumes;  Caverly's  Poems,  two  volumes; 
Poems,  Epics,  Lyrics  and  Ballads;  The 
Voice;  Hannah  Duston  and  Indian  Wars 
of  New  England;  Indian  Wars  of  New 
England  and  John  Eliot;  History  of 
Barnstead;  The  Caverly  Annals;  The 
Boody  Annals;  and  several  other  inter 
esting  books.  He  was  instrumental  in 
erecting  a  monument  to  the  memory  of 
Hannah  Duston  on  Contoocook  Island,  in 
the  Merrimac  river,  near  Fishery ille,  N. 
H.;  and  also  urged  the  erection  of  stones 
to  the  unmarked  soldiers'  graves  in  the 
cemetery  in  Lowell.  He  died  Oct.  20, 
1887. 

CAWEIN,  MADISON  JULIUS,  account 
ant,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1865  in 
Kentucky.  He  is  a  poet  of  Louisville,  Ky., 
whose  verse  is  very  musical,  and  shows 
much  individuality.  He  is  the  author  of 
Days  and  Dreams;  Moods  and  Memories; 
Intimations  of  the  Beautiful;  Blooms  of 
the  Berry;  The  Triumph  of  Music;  Ac- 
colon  of  Gaul;  Lyrics  and  Idyls;  Poems 
of  Nature  and  Love;  Red  Leaves  and 
Roses;  The  Garden  of  Dreams;  and  Un 
dertones. 

CAYVAN,  GEORGIA  EVA,  actress,  was 
born  in  1860,  in  Bath,  Maine.  She  has  at 
tained  a  national  reputation  as  a  noted 
actress. 

CECIL,  ELIZABETH  FRANCES,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Virginia.  She  is  an 
author  of  Virginia,  who  wrote  Industrial 
Heroes;  Literary  Salons;  Popular  Suf 
frage  in  Literature;  and  some  fugitive 
verses. 

CESNOLA,  LOUIS  P.  DI,  soldier,  diplo 
mat,  was  born  June  29,  1832,  in  Turin, 
Italy.  In  1848  he  took  part  in  the  Italian 
war  against  Austria, 
and  was  promoted  to 
;  second  lieutenant  on 
the  field  at  Novara 
in  1849.  He  was 
graduated  from  the 
military  academy  at 
Cheraseo,  fought  in 
the  Crimean  war, 
and  emigrated  to 
America  in  1860.  He 
served  with  distinc 
tion  in  the  civil  war, 
and  was  sent  as 
t'nited  States  consul  to  Cyprus,  where  he 
remained  for  eleven  years.  Ou  his  return 
to  America  the  consulate-general  of  Ha 
vana  was  offered  him,  but  he  abandoned 
the  consul  service  and  accepted  the  ap 
pointment  as  director  of  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  Art,  a  place  which  he  has  oc 
cupied  ever  since  with  distinction.  He  is 
the  author -of  Cyprus,  its  Ancient  Cities, 
Tombs  and  Temples;  Tne  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  Art;  and  other  works. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


203 


CESSNA,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Bedford 
county,  Pa.  In  1849  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature,  and  on  being  re-elected 
was  made  speaker.  In  1861  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  legislature,  and  again  made 
speaker.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  tne  forty-first  and 
forty-third  congresses. 

CHACE,  JONATHAN,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1829,  in  Fall 
River,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  of  Rhode  Island  in  1876  and 
1877;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Rhode  Island  to  the  forty-seventh 
and  forty-eighth  congresses.  In  1885  he 
was  elected  a  United  States  senator  to  fill 
a  vacancy,  and  served  during  1887-89. 

CHADBOURNE,  PAUL  ANSEL,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  21,  1823,  in  North  Berwick,  Maine. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman,  who 
was  president  of  Williams  college  in  1872- 
81,  and  was  the  author  of  Relations  of 
Natural  History  to  Intellect.  Taste, 
Wealth,  and  Religion;  Natural  Theology; 
Instinct  in  Animals  and  Men;  Strength  of 
Men  and  Stability  of  Nations;  The  Hope 
of  the  Righteous;  and  The  Public  Serv 
ices  of  the  State  of  New  York.  He  died 
Feb.  23,  1883,  in  New  York  city. 

CHADWICK,  GEORGE  W.,  musician, 
was  born  Nov.  13,  1854,  in  Lowell,  Mass. 
His  overture.  Rip  Van  Winkle,  was  per 
formed  at  the  Handel  and  Haydn  festival 
in  Boston  in  1880,  and  his  symphony  in 
C  in  1882,  at  a  concert  of  the  Harvard 
musical  association. 

CHADWICK,  HENRY,  the  father  of 
baseball,  was  born  in  1824,  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  is  an  authority  on  games  and 
sports;  and  known  as  the  father  of  base 
ball.  He  is  the  author  of  Base  Ball  Play 
ers'  Book  of  Reference;  Base  Ball,  How 
to  Learn,  Play  and  Teach  It;  Base  Ball 
Manual;  and  Sports  and  Pastimes  of 
American  Boys. 

CHADWICK,  JOHN  WHITE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1840,  in 
Marblehead,  Mass.  He  is  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Brooklyn,  prominent  among 
the  more  radical  thinkers  of  his  denomi 
nation.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Man 
Jesus;  The  Faith  of  Reason;  The  Bible  of 
To-day;  Old  and  New  Unitarian  Belief; 
The  Power  of  an  Endless  Life;  The  Rev 
elation  of  God,  and  Other  Sermons; 
Thomas  Paine:  the  Method  and  Value  of 
his  Religious  Teachings;  George  William 
Curtis:  an  Address;  A  Book  of  Poems; 
and  In  Nazareth  Town,  and  Other  Poems. 

CHADWICK,  LAWRENCE  C.,  clergy 
man,  was  born  July  20,  1858,  in  Chautau- 
qua  county,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  from  the 
Cornell  university;  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  baptist  clergyman.  He  has 
traveled  extensively  in  Mexico,  West  In 
dies,  Central  and  South  America,  Europe 
and  Africa.  For  twelve  years  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  public  school  board 
of  White  Pigeon,  Mich.,  and  is  its  di 
rector. 

CHADWICK.  STEPHEN  F..  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor.  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Dec.  25,  1828,  in  Middletown, 
Conn.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention;  at  different 
periods  was  a  probate  and  county  judge; 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1864 
and  1868.  He  was  secretary  of  state  from 
1870  to  1878,  two  terms:  became  governor 
in  1877,  and,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  became 
United  States  senator.  He  died  in  Janu 
ary,  1S95,  in  Salem,  Ore. 


CHADWICK,  WINFIELD  SCOTT,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  March  18,  1848, 
in  Beaufort,  N.  C.  Since  1889  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Atlantic  and  North  Caro 
lina  railroad. 

CHAFFEE,  ARTHUR  BILLINGS,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  June  19,  1852,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  attended  Princeton  university,  1874- 
76,  and  Rochester  Theological  seminary 
1877-79.  He  filled  the  chair  of  Latin  in 
Franklin  college,  Ind.,  in  1879-89.  In  1889 
he  entered  the  ministry;  and  in  1896  be 
came  president  of  Central  university  of 
Iowa. 

CHAFFEE,  CALVIN  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  28,  1811,  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y. 
He,  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses;  in  1859 
was  appointed  librarian  of  the  house  of 
representatives. 

CHAFFEE,  ELMER  ASAHEL,  farmer, 
lawyer,  was  born  April  5,  1849,  in  Stock 
holm,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  success  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Anthony,  N.  M.  He 
has  filled  the  office  of  county  attorney  in 
Nolan  county,  Texas;  and  various  other 
public  offices  of  honor.  He  has  written 
extensively  for  law  journals  and  the 
periodical  press  generally. 

CHAFFEE,  JAMES  FRANKLIN,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1827,  in  Middle- 
bury,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  presiding  elder 
of  the  Winona  district  since  1887,  until 
one  year  ago,  when  he  was  appointed  to 
the  Minneapolis  district  to  commence  his 
third  term.  For  the  last  five  years  he 
has  been  president  of  the  board  of  trus 
tees  of  Hamlin  university,  and  is  also 
president  of  Asbury  hospital  of  Minne 
apolis,  Minn. 

CHAFFEE,  JEROME  BUNTY,  miner, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  April  17,  1825,  in  Niagara  county, 
N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  legislature  of 
Colorado  in  1861-63;  and  served  as  speak 
er  of  the  house.  In  1865  he  was  elected 
as  United  States  senator;  was  elected  to 
the  forty-second  and  two  succeeding  con 
gresses  as  delegate  from  the  territory  of 
Colorado;  and  in  1876  was  elected  United 
States  senator  from  that  state  for  the 
short  term,  ending  in  1879.  He  died  March 
9,  1886,  in  Salem  Centre,  N.  Y. 

CHAFFIN,  WILLIAM  ELMER,  educat 
or,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1862,  in  Claremont, 
N.  H.  He  graduated  from  the  Stevens 
high  school  in  1882,  and  from  Dartmouth 
college  in  1886.  He  has  been  principal  of 
grammar  schools  in  several  large  cities, 
and  since  1890  has  been  superintendent  of 
schools  of  towns  of  Dennis  and  Yar 
mouth,  Mass. 

CHAFIN,  EUGENE  W.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1852,  in  East  Troy,  Wis. 
He  attended  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  county,  and  in  1875  graduated  from 
the  Wisconsin  State  university.  He  has 
attained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Waukesha,  Wis.,  where  he  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  Lives  of  the  Presidents,  the 
subject  matter  of  which,  by  his  permis 
sion,  has  been  incorporated  into  the  pages 
of  this  work.  For  four  years  he  was 
grand  chief  templar  of  the  Wisconsin  In 
dependent  Order  of  Good  Templars;  and 
is  a  prominent  member  of  various  other 
fraternal  orders. 

CHAILLE-LONG,  CHARLES,  explorer, 
author,  was  born  in  1843,  in  Maryland. 
He  is  an  African  explorer  of  French  par 
entage,  and  the  author  of  Central  Africa; 


I 


the  Three  Prophets,  Gordon,  the  Mahdi, 
and  Arabi. 

CHAILLE,  STANFORD  EMERSON,  A. 
M.,   M.    D.,   medical    educator,   was   born 
July  9,   1830,  in  Natchez,  Miss.     He  was 
^^^^^^^^^^^^    educated  under   pri- 
••^^^^•••B    vate  tutors  until  his 
mother's     death     in 
1844.     He    then    en 
tered  Phillip's  acad- 
e  m  y,         graduating 
j    therefrom       three 
I    years   later;    and   in 
!    1851  graduated  from 
^^^-     Harvard  college.     In 
^^^      ^^^B    1S53     '"'     graduated 
^M9^H       I    from      the     medical 
|    department    of     the 
university  of  Louis 
iana,  now  known  as  the  Tulane  university 
of  Louisiana;   in  which-  institution  he  is 
now   dean  and  professor  of  the  medical 
department,  and  since  1851  has  held  many 
other   official   medical    positions.     During 
the  war  he  was  a  private  in  the  New  Or 
leans   light   horse,    was    acting    surgeon- 
general  of  Louisiana,  and  was  promoted 
to  surgeon  and  medical  inspector  of  the 
army    of    the    Tennessee.     His    contribu 
tions  to  medical  literature  were  begun  in 
1853,  and  have  been  numerous  since  that 
time.     His    principal    works    are    Yellow 
Fever  in  Havana  and  Cuba;  Laws  of  Pop 
ulation  and  Voters;  Living,  Dying,  Regis 
tering,  and  Voting  Population  of  Louisi 
ana;  Intimidation  of  Voters  in  Louisiana; 
and  Origin  and  Progress  of  Medical  Juris 
prudence,  1776-1876. 

CHALMERS,  JAMES  RONALD,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  June  11. 
1831,  in  Halifax  county,  Va.,  is  the  son  of 

Joseph  W.  Chalmers, 

•••••••^•i    a     noted     United 

States  senator  from 
Mississippi.  He  re 
moved  to  Mississip 
pi;  attended  school 
at  Holly  Springs, 
and  graduated  at 
the  South  Carolina 
college  in  1851; 
studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1853;  was  elected 
district  attorney  of 
the  seventh  judicial  district  of  Mississippi 
in  1858;  was  a  member  of  the  secession 
convention  of  Mississippi  in  1861;  was 
promoted  brigadier-general  in  1862;  and 
was  transferred  to  the  cavalry  service  in 
1863.  He  surrendered  in  May,  1865,  in 
command  of  the  first  division  of  Forrest's 
cavalry  army  corps,  composed  of  Arm 
strong's,  Adams'  and  Stark's  brigades. 
General  Chalmers  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  of  Mississippi  in  1876  and 
1877;  was  elected  to  the  forty-fifth  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress  as  a  democrat,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-seventh  and  forty- 
eighth  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He 
died  in  1898. 

CHALMERS,  JOSEPH  W.,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1807, 
in  Halifax  county,  Va.  In  1846  he  was 
appointed  from  Mississippi  to  a  seat  in 
the  United  States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
served  the  remainder  8f  the  term,  but, 
declining  a  re-election,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Jefferson  Davis.  He  died  in  June, 
1853,  in  Holly  Springs,  Miss. 

CHALMERS,  LIONEL,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1715  in  Scotland.  He 
was  a  noted  physician  of  Charleston,  and 
the  author  of  Treatise  on  the  Weather 
and  Diseases  of  South  Carolina;  and  Es 
say  on  Fevers.  He  died  in  1777,  in  Char 
leston,  S.  C. 


2«4 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    Of    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CHALMERS,  THOMAS,  manufacturer, 
inventor,  was  born  in  1815,  in  Scotland. 
In  1871  the  firm  of  Fraser  and  Chalmers 
started.  He  invented  and  patented  im 
proved  machines  for  milling,  smelting 
and  refining  ores,  which  soon  came  into 
general  demand,  bringing  to  their  works 
in  Chicago  an  immense  business. 

CHALMERS,  WILLIAM  J.,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  July  10,  1852,  in  Chicago, 
and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  Chalmers.  In 
1871,  when  Fraser  and  Chalmers  suc 
ceeded  to  the  Eagle  works,  William  J. 
Chalmers  took  charge  of  the  finances 
and  has  since  steadily  risen  through  in 
termediate  grades  to  the  presidency  of 
the  concern.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Com 
mercial  National  bank  and  the  Field 
Columbian  museum  of  Chicago,  111. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  D.  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  governor,  was  born  June  23,  1835,  in 
West  Brookfield,  Mass.  He  served  in  the 
fifth  Massachusetts  cavalry  from  1863  to 
1865;  and  settled  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  in 
1866.  He  was  elected  attorney-general  of 
the  state  in  1868;  and  in  1874  was  elected 
governor  of  South  Carolina. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  EBENEZER  M.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Maine.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1853  to  1855. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  HIRAM  S.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1835,  in 
Franklin,  Ohio.  He  is  the  president  of 
the  Belt  railroad  of  Chattanooga. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  JACOB,  missionary, 
author,  was  born  in  1835,  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  a  Reformed  Dutch  missionary  to 
India;  and  The  Bible  Tested  is  his  most 
important  work. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  JACOB  P.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  was 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress. 

CHAMBERLAIN.  JOHN  C.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1772.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1809  to  1811.  He  died  Dec.  8,  1834,  in 
Utica,  N.  Y. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  JOSHUA  LAW 
RENCE,  soldier,  educator,  college  presi 
dent,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1828,  in 
Brewer,  Maine.  In  1856-62  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  rhetoric  in  Bowdoin  college; 
and  in  1857  professor  of  modern  lan 
guages.  In  1861  enlisted  in  the  civil  war, 
and  in  1864  attained  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general.  In  1866  he  became  gov 
ernor  of  Maine,  and  in  1871  he  became 
president  of  Bowdoin  college. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  NATHAN  HENRY, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1830.  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Massachusetts,  whose  principal 
writings  include  The  Autobiography  of  a 
New  England  Farm  House;  Samuel  Sew- 
ell  and  the  World  He  Lived  In;  and  The 
Sphinx  in  Aubrey  Parish. 

CHAMBERLAIN.  SELAH,  railroad 
builder,  was  born  May  14,  1812,  in  Brat- 
tleborough,  Vt.  The  construction  of  the 
lines  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  system  gave  him  a  large  amount  of 
work.  In  1871  he  began  building  the 
Lake  Shore  and  Tuscarawas  Valley,  now 
the  Cleveland,  Lorain  and  Wheeling  rail 
road,  and  was  its*  president  at  his  deain. 
He  died  Dec.  27,  1890,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  v.iLLIAM,  jurist, 
congressman.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1801;  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Vermont  from  1803  to  1805, 
and  again  from  1809  to  1811;  and  was  a 
state  councilor  from  1796  to  1803.  He 
served  five  years  In  the  state  legislature; 
was  lieutenant-governor  of  Vermont  from 
1813  to  1815;  and  was  chief  Justice  of  a 
state  court  from  1801  to  1803,  and  in  1814. 


CHAMBERLAYNE,  ISRAEL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1795,  in  New 
York.  He  was  the  author  of  Past  and 
the  Future;  The  Australian  Captive;  Sav 
ing  Faith:  its  Rationale;  and  The  Great 
Specific  Against  Despair  of  Pardon. 

CHAMBERLIN,  EDWARD  PAYSON, 
merchant,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1832,  in 
Parishville,  N.  Y.  In  1866  he  moved  to 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  organized  the  dry  goods 
firm  of  Chamberlin,  Cole  and  Boynton. 
He  was  a  member, of  the  city  council  in 
1876-77;  and  director  of  a  number  of 
prosperous  corporations  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

CHAMBERLIN,  FRANKLIN,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  April  14,  1821,  in  Dai- 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Hartford,  Conn.;  and  in  1870  published 
a  work  on  American  commercial  law. . 

CHAMBERLIN,  HUMPHREY  BARK 
ER,  capitalist,  philanthropist,  was  born 
Feb.  7,  1847,  in  England.  In  1881  he  was 
president  of  the  shoe  manufacturing  com 
pany  of  Denver,  Colo.;  in  1889  president 
of  the  Beaver  Brook  water  company;  and 
is  also  the  president  of  the  Denver,  Colo 
rado  Canon  and  Pacific  Railroad  com 
pany.  He  has  donated  large  sums  of 
money  to  university  extensions,  and  the 
erection  of  a  number  of  churches. 

CHAMBERLIN,  JEKIEL  WESTON, 
physician,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1857,  at  Rock 
Falls,  Wis.  He  is  oculist  and  aurist  on 
the  staff  of  St.  Luke's  hospital;  the  city 
and  county  hospital;  and  the  Babies' 
Home  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

CHAMBERLIN,  JOSEPH  EDGAR, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1851,  in 
Vermont.  He  is  a  Boston  journalist  on 
the  staffs  of  the  Transcript  and  the 
Youth's  Companion;  and  the  author  of 
The  Listener  in  the  Town;  and  The  List 
ener  in  the  Country. 

CHAMBERLIN,  JOSHUA  LAWRENCE, 
soldier,  educator,  college  president,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1828,  in  Bangor, 
Maine.  He  was  professor  of  Bowdoin 
college  from  1855  to  1862,  when  he  was 
appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  twen 
tieth  Maine  infantry,  and  was  brevetted 
major-general.  His  command  received 
the  formal  surrender  of  the  arms  and  col 
ors  of  Lee's  army.  He  resumed  his  pro 
fessorship  of  modern  languages  in  1865; 
and  in  1871  was  elected  president  of  Bow 
doin  college.  He  was  governor  of  Maine 
from  1866  to  1870. 

CHAMBERLIN,  THOMAS  CHROW- 
DER.  geologist,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
25,  1843,  in  Mattoon,  111.  He  is  a  promi 
nent  geologist  of  Wisconsin;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Outline  of  a  Course  of  Oral  In 
struction;  and  Geology  of  Wisconsin. 

CHAMBERS,  CHARLES  JULIUS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1850,  in 
Bellefontaine,  Ohio.  He  is  a  journalist 
long  connected  with  the  New  York  Her 
ald.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Mad  World 
and  its  Inhabitants,  a  description  of  luna 
tic  asylums  founded  on  the  author's  per 
sonal  experience  in  one  in  disguise;  On 
a  Margin,  a  Story  of  These  Times;  and 
Lovers  Four  and  Maidens  Five,  a  Story. 

CHAMBERS,  DAVID,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1780,  in  Allentown,  Pa. 
He  was  elected  state  printer;  and  when 
the  seat  of  government  was  removed  to 
Columbus,  he  was  appointed  secretary  of 
the  senate.  During  the  years  1812  and 
1813  he  was  aid-de-camp  to  General  Cass; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Ohio  from  1821  to  1823.  He  subse 
quently  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
state  legislature  of  Ohio;  was  speaker  in 
1844;  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention  of  1851 ;  and  was  also  elected 
mayor  of  Zanesville.  He  died  Aug.  8, 
1864,  in  Zanesville,  Ohio. 


CHAMBERS,  EZEKIEI,  F.,  soldier, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Feb.  28,  1788,  in  Kent  county,  Md.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  against  his 
will.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1826  to  1834.  In  1834  he 
was  appointed  chief  judge  of  the  second 
judicial  district,  and  a  judge  of  the  court 
of  appeals,  which  offices  he  held  until 
1851.  In  1864  he  was  the  democratic 
candidate  for  governor  of  Maryland,  fae 
died  Jan.  30,  1867,  in  Chestertown,  Md. 

CHAMBERS,  GEORGE,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1(86,  in  Chambers- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1833  to- 
1837;  was  then  elected  a  delegate  to  the 
Pennsylvania  constitutional  convention; 
and  in  1851  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  state.  He  died 
March  25,  1866,  in  Chambersburg,  Pa. 

CHAMBERS,  HENRY,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  17SF,.  He  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  Alabama  from  1825- 
to  1826.  He  died  Jan.  25,  1826,  in  Meck 
lenburg  county,  Va. 

CHAMBERS,  JOHN,  jurist,  was  born 
about  1710.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
executive  council  in  1754,  and  attend£d 
as  one  of  the  commissioners  the  congress 
at  Albany  in  that  year.  He  was  soon  af 
terward  appointed  judge,  and  still  later 
became  the  chief  justice  of  New  York. 
He  died  April  10,  1765,  in  New  York. 

CHAMBERS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1779,  in. 
New  Jersey.  He  was  appointed  governor 
of  the  territory  of 
Iowa  by  President 
Harrison,  manifest 
ing  great  ability  and 
prudence  in  his  in 
tercourse  with  the 
Indians,  and  was  ap 
pointed  by  President. 
Taylor  a  commis 
sioner  to  make  a 
treaty  with  the 
Sioux  Indians.  He 
was  a  member  of 
congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1827  to  1829,  and  again  from 
1835  to  1839.  He  died  Sept.  21,  1852,  near 
Paris,  Ky. 

CHAMBERS,  JOHN  WESLEY,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  May  17,. 
1857,  at  Toms  River,  N.  J.  He  has  at 
tained  eminence  as  a  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church  south,  was 
financial  agent  of  Millsaps  college  of 
Jackson,  Miss.;  and  is  now  president  of 
Whitworth  Female  college  of  Brook- 
haven,  Miss. 

CHAMBERS,  JULIUS,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1850,  in  Bellefon 
taine,  Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Mad 
World;  On  a  Margin;  Lovers  Four  and 
Maidens  Three;  The  Human  Comedy  of 
Balzac;  and  Missing. 

CHAMBERS,  ROBERT  CRAIG,  miner, 
financier,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  16, 
1832,  in  Lexington,  Ohio.  He  is  president 
of  the  Daly  Mining  Co.,  now  engaged  in 
working  the  Daly  mine,  near  Park  City, 
Utah;  and  is  also  largely  interested  in  the 
Excelsior  and  Diamond  mines  of  Eureka. 
Nev.  He  is  a  principal  owner  of  the  Salt 
Lake  City  Street  Railway  company^  He 
was  elected  a  state  senator  in  1896. 

CHAMBERS,  ROBERT  WILLIAM,  ar 
tist,  author,  was  born  in  1865,  in  Ixmg 
Island.  He  is  a  novelist  and  artist  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  In  the 
Quarter;  The  King  in  Yellow;  The  Red 
Republic;  The  Maker  of  Moons;  The 
Mystery  of  Choice;  A  King  and  a  Few 
Dukes;  and  With  the  Band,  a  book  of 
ballads. 


HERRINOSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


205 


CHAMBERS,  TALBOT  WILSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1819,  in 
Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was  a  noted  reformed 
Dutch  clergyman  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  The  Noon  Prayer  Meeting 
in  Fulton  Street;  Memoir  of  Theodore 
Frelinghuysen;  The  Psalter  a  Witness  to 
the  Divine  Origin  of  the  Bible;  and  Com 
panion  to  the  Revised  Version  of  the  Old 
Testament.  He  died  in  1896. 

CHAMBLISS,  JOHN  RANDOLPH,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1833,  in  Hicksford, 
Va.  He  joined  the  confederate  army  at 
the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  as  colonel 
•of  an  infantry  regiment,  and  afterward 
became  colonel  of  the  thirteenth  Virginia 
cavalry.  He  was  subsequently  made  a" 
brigadier-general,  and  was  killed  in  ac 
tion  while  leading  a  brigade  of  cavalry. 
He  died  Aug.  16,  1864,  in  Deep  Bottom, 
Va. 

CHAMPE,  JOHN,  revolutionary  soldier, 
was  born  in  1752,  in  Virginia.  He  en 
tered  the  army  in  1'itS,  and  served 
through  the  revolutionary  war  as  ser 
geant-major.  He  died  in  Kentucky. 

CHAMPION,  EPAPHRODITUS,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1757.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Connecti 
cut  from  1807  to  1817.  He  died  Nov.  22, 
1835,  in  East  Haddam,  Conn. 

CHAMPLIN,  CHRISTOPHER  E.,  law- 
.yer,  state  senator,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1860, 
in  New  Shoreham,  R.  I.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  Suffolk  county  bar  in  1884,  and 
subsequently  to  the  Rhode  Island  bar, 
where  he  has  since  practiced  law.  He 
has  been  senator  since  1890. 

CHAMPLIN,  CHRISTOPHER  GRANT, 
banker,  congressman,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  April  12,  1768,  in  Newport, 
R.  I.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
Rhode  Island  from  1797  to  1801;  and  a 
•senator  of  the  United  States  from  1809  to 
1811.  He  died  March  28,  1840,  in  New 
port,  R.  I. 

CHAMPLIN,  GEORGE,  merchant,  was 
horn  in  1738.  He  was  a  merchant  of  New 
port,  R.  I.;  an  officer  of  the  revolution; 
member  of  the  continental  congress  from 
1785  to  1786,  and  of  the  convention  that 
adopted  the  federal  constitution.  He  died 
in  1809. 

CHAMPLIN,  JAMES  TIFFT,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
June  9,  1811,  in  Colchester,  Conn.  He  is 
a  baptist  clergyman  of  Portland,  Maine, 
and  president  of  Colby  university  in  1857- 
73.  He  was  the  author  of  First  Princi 
ples  of  Ethics;  Lessons  on  Political  Econ 
omy;  Text-Book  of  Intellectual  Philoso 
phy;  Scripture  Reading  Lessons;  The 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  with 
Brief  Comments;  and  a  series  of  classical 
text-books.  He  died  March  15,  1882,  in 
Portland,  Maine. 

CHAMPLIN,  JOHN  DENISON,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  29,  1834,  in  Stonington, 
Conn.  He  is  the  author  of  Young  Folks' 
Cyclopaedia  of  Common  Things;  Young 
Folks'  Cyclopaedia  of  Persons  and  Places; 
Young  Folks'  History  of  the  War  for  the 
Union;  Young  Folks'  Catechism  of  Com 
mon  Things;  Young  Folks'  Cyclopaedia  of 
Games  and  Sports;  Young  Folks  Astrono 
my;  Chronicle  of  the  Coach:  Charing 
Cross  to  Ilfracombe.  With  W.  F.  Ap- 
thorp,  he  has  edited  Cyclopaedia  of  Music 
and  Musicians,  and  with  C.  C.  Perkins, 
:a  Cyclopaedia  of  Painters  and  Paintings. 

CHAMPLIN,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  17,  1831,  in  Kingston,  N. 
Y.  He  received  an  academical  education; 
practiced  civil  engineering  for  awhile; 
and  in  1855  began  the  practice  of  law  in 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  In  1857  he  drew  up 
•the  revised  city  charter  of  Grand  Rap 


ids,  and  has  been  recorder,  attorney,  and 
mayor  of  that  city.  In  1884  he  was  elect 
ed  for  eight  years  as  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Michigan;  and  was  chief 
justice  in  1890-91.  During  1891-97  he  was 
professor  of  law  in  the  university  of 
Michigan,  lecturing  on  corporations  and 
torts. 

CHAMPLIN,  STEPHEN,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Nov.  17,  1789,  in  South  King 
ston,  R.  I.  He  was  a  commodore  in  the 
United  States  navy.  He  died  Feb.  20, 
1870,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

CHAMPLIN,  STEPHEN  GARDNER, 
soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  July  1,  1827,  in 
Kingston,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  noted  lawyer; 
recorder  of  the  city  of  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.,  and  served  as  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Kent  county.  In  April,  1861,  he  be 
came  major  in  the  third  regiment  Michi 
gan  volunteers;  was  commissioned  colo 
nel  in  October  of  the  same  year;  and  in 
1862  became  a  brigadier-general.  He  died 
Jan.  24,  1864,  from  wounds  received  at 
Fair  Oaks,  Va. 

CHAMPNEY,  MRS.  ELIZABETH,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1850,  in  Ohio.  She  is  a 
popular  New  York  writer  for  young  peo 
ple,  and  wife  of  the  artist,  J.  Wells 
Champney,  who  has  illustrated  many  of 
her  books.  She  is  the  author  of  The 
Three  Vassar  Girls  Series;  The  Witch 
Winnie  Books;  The  Bubbling  Teapot; 
Howling  Wolf  and  his  Trick-Pony;  All 
Around  a  Palette;  Children's  Art  Sketch 
es;  In  the  Sky  Garden;  Fables  in  Astron 
omy,  and  other  juveniles;  and  the  novels, 
Bourbon  Lilies;  Sebia's  Tangled  Web; 
and  Rosemary  and  Rue. 

CHAMPNEY,  JAMES  VvELLS,  soldier, 
painter,  was  born  July  16,  1843.  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  In  1863  he  served  a  short  time 
in  the  forty-fifth  Massachusetts  volun 
teers,  and  later  taught  drawing  in  Lex 
ington,  Mass.  In  1876  he  built  a  studio  in 
Deerfield,  Mass.,  where  he  has  since  spent 
most  of  his  summers,  his  winter  studio 
being  in  New  York  city.  His  works  in 
clude  Which  is  Umpire;  Sear  Leaf  (1874); 
and  Not  so  Ugly  as  He  Looks. 

CHAMPNEYS,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  legislator,  was  born  in  January, 
1800,  in  Bridgeton,  N.  J.  He  was  attor 
ney-general  of  his  state,  and  a  member  of 
both  houses  of  the  state  legislature.  He 
died  Aug.  9,  1871,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

CHANCELLOR,  CHARLES  WIL 
LIAMS,  physician,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
19,  1833,  in  Spottsylvania  county,  Va.  He 
is  an  eminent  physician  of  Baltimore, 
and  the  author  of  Prisons,  Reformatories, 
and  Charitable  Institutions  of  Maryland; 
Mineral  Waters  and  Seaside  Resorts; 
Contagious  and  Infectious  Diseases; 
Drainage  of  the  Marsh  Lands  of  Mary 
land;  Heredity;  and  The  Sewerage  of 
Cities. 

CHANCELLOR,  EUSTATHIUS,  physi 
cian,  author.  In  1878  he  was  appointed 
assistant  resident  physician  in  the  uni 
versity  hospital  of  Maryland;  in  1885  was 
founder  of  the  Beaumont  Hospital  Medi 
cal  college;  and  is  the  author  of  Re 
searches  Upon  the  Treatment  of  Delirium 
Tremens  and  numerous  other  works. 

CHANDLER,  CHARLES  HENRY,  sol 
dier,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  25, 
3840,  in  Prescott,  Mass.  He  served  in  the 
thirty-first  Massachusetts  infantry.  He 
was  connected  with  the  Springfield  Repub 
lican,  and  later  with  the  Boston  Herald  as 
an  editorial  writer.  He  published  At 
tractions  of  Northampton.  He  died  Jan. 
4,  1885,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CHANDLER,  CHARLES  HENRY,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1840,  in  New 
Ipswich.  N.  H.  From  1871  till  1877  he 
was  professor  of  physics  and  chemistry, 


and  from  1877  till  1881  professor  of  math 
ematics  and  physics  at  Antioch  college, 
Yellow  Springs,  Ohio.  In  1881  he  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  chair  of  chemistry  and 
physics  at  Ripon,  Wis.,  college,  and  in 
1883  was  transferred  to  the  professorship 
of  mathematics  and  physics. 

CHANDLER,  ELIZABETH  MARGA 
RET,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1807,  in  Wilming 
ton,  Del.  She  was  a  poetess  whose  themes 
were  mainly  those  relating  to  the  sub 
ject  of  anti-slavery,  in  which  she  was 
greatly  interested.  She  received  a  prize 
for  her  poem  entitled  The  Slave-Ship. 
She  died  Nov.  22,  1834,  in  Michigan. 

CHANDLER,  JOHN,  soldier,  states 
man,  was  born  in  1760,  in  Maine,  when  a 
part  of  Massachusetts,  representing  it  in 
the  state  senate  from  1803  to  1805,  and  in 
congress  from  1805  to  1808.  In  1812  he 
was  appointed  brigadier-general,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  Canadian  cam 
paign.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1820,  being  one  of  the 
first  two  senators  from  Maine  after  its 
separation  from  Massachusetts,  serving 
until  1829.  In  1829  he  was  appointed  col 
lector  of  the  port  of  Portland,  serving 
until  1837.  He  died  Sept.  25,  1841,  in  Au 
gusta,  Maine. 

CHANDLER,  JOSEPH  RIPLEY,  jour 
nalist,  diplomat,  congressman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  25,  1792,  in  Kingston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1849  to 
1855;  and  in  1858 
was  appointed,  by 
President  Buchan 
an,  minister  to  Na 
ples.  After  his  re 
turn  he  became  ed 
itor  of  the  Philadel 
phia  North  Ameri 
can.  In  1821  he  pub 
lished  a  Grammar  of 
the  English  Language,  and  subsequently 
a  large  number  of  Essays  and  Addresses 
on  subjects  connected  with  Social  Life 
and  Literature.  He  died  July  10,  1880,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CHANDLER,  OLIVER  PHELPS,  law 
yer,  banker,  legislator,  was  born  May  29, 
1807,  in  Peacham,  Vt.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Vermont  state  house  of  represent 
atives  for  five  years,  and  state  senator 
for  three  years.  From  1847  to  1868  he 
was  the  president  of  the  Woodstock  bank, 
and  has  held  various  important  positions 
of  honor  in  his  state. 

CHANDLER,  PELEG  WHITMAN,  law 
yer,  journalist,  legislator,  author,  was 
born  April  13,  1816,  in  New  Gloucester, 
Maine.  In  1834  he 
graduated  from 
Bowdoin  college; 
and  in  1837  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In 
1838  he  established 
The  Law  Reporter, 
which  he  conducted 
for  ten  years.  In 
1841  he  published 
the  first  volume  of  a 
work  called  Ameri 
can  Criminal  Trials, 
and  a  second  volume  appeared  in  1844.  He 
served  as  a  member  of  the  common  coun 
cil  of  Boston,  and  in  1844-45  was  its 
president.  In  1845-47  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  Massachu 
setts  state  legislature.  During  1846-53  he 
was  city  solicitor  of  Boston;  and  in  1854 
was  a  member  of  the  executive  council  of 
Massachusetts.  He  died  in  1889,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 


206 


HERRINQ8HAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CHANDLER,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  1794,  in  Massachu 
setts.  After  being  a  member  of  both 
branches  of  the  legislature,  he  was,  in 
1840,  elected  sheriff  of  Middlesex,  and  held 
that  office  until  1855.  He  was  also  ma 
jor-general  of  the  state  militia  for  many 
years.  He  died  July  20,  1867,  in  Lexing 
ton,  Mass. 

CHANDLER,  THOMAS,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1772,  in 
Bedford,  N.  H.  He  was  a  justice  of  the 
quorum  in  1808;  and  a  captain  of  militia 
in  1815.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Hampshire  legislature  in  1827;  and  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  from  1829  to  1833.  His  brother,  John 
Chandler,  was  also  in  congress,  and  he 
was  the  uncle  of  the  senator,  Zachariah 
Chandler.  He  died  Jan.  28,  186C,  in  Bed 
ford,  N.  H. 

CHANDLER,  W.  T.,  physician,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  12,  1852,  in  Campbellsville, 
Ky.  This  prominent  physician  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Rus 
tic  Rhymes. 

CHANDLER,  WILLIAM  EATON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Dec.  28,  1835,  in  Concord,  N.  H.  Dur 
ing  1862-64  he  was 
a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire 
house  of  representa 
tives,  and  served  as 
its  speaker  during 
the  last  two  years. 
In  18G5  he  became 
solicitor  and  judge 
advocate  general  of 
the  navy  depart 
ment;  and  was  sub 
sequently  appointed 
first  assistant  secre 
tary  of  the  treasury.  In  1881  he  was  again 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature;  and 
in  1882-85  was  secretary  of  the  navy.  In 
1887  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  same  office  for  term  expiring  in 
1901.  He  resides  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  and 
his  portrait  hangs  in  the  Library  build 
ing  of  the  state  capitol. 

CHANDLER,  WILLIAM  HENRY, 
chemist,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1841,  in  New 
Bedford.  Mass.  In  1871  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  at  Lehigh  university, 
and  in  1878  was  made  director  of  the  li 
brary.  In  1876  he  was  a  juror  at  the  Phil 
adelphia  centennial  exhibition,  and  in 
1878  at  the  Paris  exhibition.  His  con 
tributions  to  chemical  literature  have  ap 
peared  principally  in  the  American  Chem 
ist,  of  which  from  1870  till  1877  he  and  his 
brother,  Charles  F.  Chandler,  were  ed 
itors. 

CHANDLER,  ZACHARIAH,  statesman, 
was  born  Dec.  10,  1813,  in  Bedford,  N.  H. 
He  was  mayor  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  in  1851; 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress,  from 
Michigan,  to  succeed  Senator  Cass,  tak 
ing  his  seat  in  the  thirty-fifth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  senate  in  1863, 
for  the  term  ending  in  1869.  He  was  also 
a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  loyalists' 
convention  of  1866;  and  re-elected  to  the 
senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1875.  In 
1875  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  in 
terior;  served  In  that  capacity  until 
March,  1877;  and  In  1879  was  elected 
United  States  senator,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
He  died  Nov.  1,  1879,  in  Chicago,  111. 

CHANEY,  GEORGE  LEONARD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1826,  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman, 
and  pastor  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  where  he  ed 
ited  the  Southern  Unitarian  in  1893-96. 
He  was  the  founder  of  the  Church  of  Our 


Father  in  Atlanta.  He  is  the  author  of 
F.  Grant  and  Co.,  a  story  for  boys;  Tom, 
a  Home  Story;  Aloha,  travels  in  the 
Sandwich  Islands;  Every  Day  Life  and 
Every  Day  Morals;  and  Belief. 

CHANEY,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1833  to 
1839. 

CHANEY,  LUCIEN  WEST,  educator, 
biologist,  author,  was  born  June  26,  1857, 
in  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  naturalist, 
professor  of  biology  in  Carleton  college, 
Minnesota,  since  1882,  and  is  the  author 
of  Guides  for  the  Laboratory. 

CHANFRAU,  FRANK,  actor,  was  born 
Feb.  22,  1824,  in  New  York  city.  As  Kit, 
in  The  Arkansas  Traveller,  first  given  in 
Buffalo,  in  1869,  he  achieved  the  most 
enduring  success  of  his  professional  ca 
reer,  and  in  this  character  he  appeared 
continuously  for  thirteen  years.  He  died 
Oct.  2,  1884. 

CHANLER,  AMELIE  RIVES,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1863,  in  Richmond,  Va. 
In  1888  she  published  her  first  novel,  en 
titled  The  Quick  or  the  Dead;  and  in  1891 
published  According  to  St.  John.  She  is 
the  author  of  several  poems,  the  most  no 
table  of  which  is  Asmodeus,  Son  of  Bel. 

CHANLER,  JOHN  WINTHROP,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1826,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly  in  1859  and  I860,  and  de 
clined  a  renomination.  In  1862  he  was 
ejected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CHANNING,  EDWARD,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  15,  1856,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  has  been  a  professor  of  history 
at  Harvard  university  since  1883;  and  is 
the  author  of  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Amer 
ican  History;  Town  and  County  Govern 
ment  of  the  English  Colonies  of  North 
America;  Narragansett  Planters;  and 
The  United  States  of  America. 

CHANNING,  EDWARD  TYRREL,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1790,  in 
Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  a  professor  of 
rhetoric  and  oratory  at  Harvard  universi 
ty;  and  was  the  author  of  Life  of  Wil 
liam  Ellery;  and  Lectures  on  Rhetoric 
and  Oratory.  He  died  Feb.  8,  1856,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

CHANNING,  WALiER,  educator,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  April  15,  1786,  in 
Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  a  physician  of 
prominence  in  Boston  for  many  years, 
and  medical  professor  in  Harvard  univer 
sity.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Preven 
tion  of  Pauperism;  Etherization  in  Child 
birth;  Professional  Reminiscences  of  For 
eign  Travel;  New  and  Old;  Miscellaneous 
Poems;  A  Physician's  Vacation,  or  A 
Summer  in  Europe;  and  Reformation  of 
Medical  Science.  He  died  July  27,  1876, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

CHANNING,  WILLIAM  ELLERY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  7,  1780.  in 
Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  a  Unitarian  theo 
logian  of  eminenqe,  who  became  pastor  of 
the  Federal  street  church  in  Boston  in 
1803.  He  was  the  foremost  theologian  in 
America  in  his  time,  and  his  influence  is 
still  great.  He  wrote  upon  philanthropic 
and  social  as  well  as  religious  and  ethical 
questions,  and  was  a  noted  opponent  of 
slavery.  His  writings  have  been  trans 
lated  into  French,  Italian,  German,  Ice 
landic,  Russian,  and  Hungarian.  Evi 
dences  of  Revealed  Religion;  Self-Cul 
ture.  He  is  the  author  of  Essay  on  Mil 
ton;  and  The  Duty  of  the  Free  States,  are 
among  his  most  notable  works.  He  died 
Oct.  2,  1842,  in  Bennington,  Vt. 


CHANNING,  WILLIAM  ELLERY,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  June  10,  1818,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Wan 
derer;  Near  Home;  Eliot;  and  John 
Brown.  Thoreau,  the  Poet  Naturalist; 
and  Conversations  in  Rome  between  an 
Artist,  a  Catholic,  and  a  Critic,  are  prose 
volumes. 

CHANNING,  WILLIAM  FRANCIS, 
physician,  scientist,  inventor,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  22,  1820,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
is  the  author  of  Davis'  Manual  of  Magnet 
ism;  Medical  Application  of  Electric 
ity;  and  The  American  Fire  Alarm  Tele 
graph. 

CHAPELLE,  PLACIDUS  L.,  archbish 
op,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1842,  in  France.  In 
1859  he  emigrated  to  America,  and  fin 
ished  his  theological  studies  at  the  St. 
Mary's  seminary  of  Baltimore,  Md.  In 
1865  he  was  ordained  priest;  was  rector 
of  a  church  at  Rockville.  Mo.,  for  five 
years;  and  then  rector  of  St.  Joseph's 
church  of  Baltimore  until  1882.  From 
that  time  he  was  rector  of  St.  Matthew's 
church  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  until  1891. 
He  was  then  appointed  assistant  bishop 
of  New  Mexico,  and  in  1894  became  the 
third  archbishop  of  Santa  Fe. 

CHAPIN,  AARON  LUCIUS,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  6,  1817,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was 
a  congregational  clergyman  of  Wiscon 
sin,  who  was  president  of  Beloit  college 
in  1849-86.  He  was  the  author  of  First 
Principles  of  Political  Economy.  He  died 
in  1892. 

CHAPIN,  ALFRED  CLARK,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  8,  1848.  in  Hadley, 
Mass.  In  1887  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Brooklyn;  and  in  1891  was  chosen  to  rep 
resent  his  district  in  the  fifty  -second  con 
gress. 

CHAPIN,  ALONZO  BOWEN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  10,  1808,  in 
Somers,  Conn.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Hartford;  and  the  author  of 
Classical  Spelling-Book;  Organization 
and  Order  of  the  Primitive  Church; 
Views  of  Gospel  Truth;  Glastonbury  for 
200  Years;  and  Puritanism  not  Protest 
antism.  He  died  July  9,  1858,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

CHAPIN,  BELA,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1829,  in  Newport, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  printer,  and  in  1866  be 
came  proprietor  of 
the  Dartmouth 
printing  and  book 
binding  establish 
ment  in  Hanover, 
N.  H.  In  1882  h* 
edited  and  publish 
ed  Poets  of  New 
Hampshire,  a  very 
valuable  collection. 
He  has  contributed 
numerous  poems  to. 
current  publica 
tions;  and  has  made 
a  translation  in  verse  of  Virgil's  Eclogues. 
He  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Granby  Brook 
fruit  and  dairy  farm  of  Claremont,  N.  H. ; 
and  has  a  library  of  two  thousand  vol 
umes  of  standard  works. 

CHAPIN,  EDWIN  HUBBELL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1814,  In 
Union  Village,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  unlver- 
salist  clergyman  of  New  York  city,  long 
the  foremost  preacher  in  his  denomina 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Crown  of 
Thorns;  Humanity  in  the  City;  Chris 
tianity  the  Perfection  of  True  Manliness; 
Moral  Aspects  of  City  Life;  Discourses 
on  the  Lord's  Prayer;  Hours  of  Commun 
ion;  Token  for  the  Sorrowing;  and  Char 
acters  in  the  Gospels.  He  died  Dec.  27, 
1880,  in  New  York  city. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


207 


CHAPIN,  GRAHAM  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1835  to  1837.  He  died  in  1843. 

CHAPIN,  HENRY,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  May  13,  1811,  in  Upton, 
Mass.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  court  of  probate  and  insolvency.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  state 
board  of  education;  also  one  of  the  trus 
tees  of  the  state  lunatic  asylum  in  Wor 
cester,  and  a  director  of  the  city  national 
bank.  He  was  president  of  the  American 
Unitarian  association  during  several 
terms,  and  a  member  of  the  council  of  the 
national  conference.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1891, 
in  Worcester,  Mass. 

CHAPIN,  HENRY  AUSTIN,  capitalist, 
was  born  Oct.  15,  1813,  in  Leyden,  Mass. 
To  Mr.  Chapin  belongs  the  fee  of  the  land 
on  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan, 
upon  which  the  Chapin  iron  mine  is  now 
being  operated.  A  royalty  is  paid  for 
every  ton  of  ore  taken  out,  and,  it  is  said, 
Mr.  Chapin's  revenue  from  that  source 
has  sometimes  amounted  to  between 
$100,000  and  $300,000  a  year. 

CHAPIN,  JAMES  HENRY,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1832,  in 
Indiana.  He  was  a  universalist  clergy 
man  and  educator,  and  professor  of  ge 
ology  in  St.  Lawrence  university  in  1871- 
92.  He  was  the  author  of  Sketches  of  the 
Huguenots;  The  Creation  and  Early  De 
velopment  of  Mankind;  and  From  Japan 
to  Granada,  a  Tour  Around  the  World. 
He  died  in  1892. 

CHAPIN,  STEPHEN,  educator,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  4,  1778,  in  Milford,  Mass.  In  1828  he 
was  called  to  the  presidency  of  Colum 
bian  college,  Washington,  D.  C.,  an  office 
which  he  held  until  1841,  when  he  retired 
on  account  of  declining  health.  A  few 
published  sermons,  tracts,  and  essays  are 
all  that  remain  to  show  his  ability  and 
culture.  Among  these  are  Letters  on  the 
Mode  and  Subjects  of  Baptism;  and  The 
Duty  of  Living  for  the  Good  of  Posterity. 

CHAPLIN,  MRS.  ADA  C.,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  25,  1842,  in  Falmouth,  Mass. 
She  was  a  Massachusetts  writer  of  reli 
gious  juveniles,  some  of  which  are 
Christ's  Cadets;  Charity  Hurlburt;  and 
Our  Gold  Mine,  the  Story  of  American 
Baptist  Missions  in  India.  She  died  Dec. 
9,  1883,  in  Mansfield,  Conn. 

CHAPLIN,  CHRISTINE,  artist,  poet, 
was  born  in  1842,  in  Bangor,  Maine.  Her 
specialty  is  painting  wild  flowers  in  wa 
ter  colors.  Her  pictures  have  been  exhib 
ited  at  the  water-color  society  of  New 
York,  in  Brooklyn,  and  at  the  Boston  art 
club.  She  has  written  several  little  books 
of  poetry,  illustrated  by  herself. 

CHAPLIN,  HEMAN  WHITE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1847,  in  Rhode  Isl 
and.  He  was  a  noted  lawyer  of  Boston, 
whose  Five  Hundred  Dollars,  and  Other 
Stories  of  New  England  Life,  are  excep 
tionally  faithful  and  delicate  studies  of 
character,  and  rank  among  the  foremost 
of  American  short  stories. 

CHAPLIN,  MRS.  JANE,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  11,  1819,  in  Scotland.  Among 
her  various  writings,  mainly  religious  ju 
veniles,  are  The  Transplanted  Shamrock; 
Black  and  White;  and  The  Convent  and 
the  Manse.  She  died  April  17,  1884,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

CHAPLIN,  JEREMIAH,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1776,  in 
Georgetown,  Mass.  He  was  a  baptist  cler 
gyman  and  educator,  the  first  president  of 
Colby  university,  in  1822-33.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Evening  of  Life.  He  died 
May  7,  1841,  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


CHAPLIN,  JEREMIAH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1813,  in  Dahvers,  Mass. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Newton, 
Mass.,  who  after  leaving  the  ministry  de 
voted  himself  to  literary  pursuits  in  Bos 
ton.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Memorial 
Hour;  The  Hand  of  Jesus;  Riches  of  Bun- 
yan;  Life  of  Henry  Dunster,  First  Presi 
dent  of  Harvard  College;  Chips  from  the 
White  House;  Life  of  Benjamin  Frank 
lin;  Life  of  Galen;  Life  of  Duncan  Dun- 
bar;  and  Life  of  Charles  Sumner.  He 
died  March  5,  1886,  in  New  Utrecht,  N.  Y. 

CHAPMAN,  ALVAN  WENTWORTH, 
botanist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1809, 
in  Southampton,  Mass.  He  was  known 
as  a  botanist  for  whom  the  genus  Chap- 
mannia  was  named,  and  the  author  of 
Flora  of  the  Southern  United  States. 

CHAPMAN,  ANDREW  GRANT,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  in  La  Platte, 
Md.,  Jan.  17,  1839.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature  in  1868,  1870, 
and  1872;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Maryland  to  the  forty-seventh 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

CHAPMAN,  AUGUSTUS  A.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  ,'1843  to  1847. 

CHAPMAN,  BIRD  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  moved  to 
Nebraska,  and  was  elected  a  delegate 
from  that  territory  to  the  thirty-fourth 
congress. 

CHAPMAN,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1799,  in  Newtown, 
Conn.  He  was  three  times  elected  to  the 
legislature;  from  1841  to  1845  was  United 
States  district  attorney;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1851  to  1853. 
He  was  temperance  candidate  for  gover 
nor  in  1854.  He  died  Aug.  7,  1869,  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 

CHAPMAN,  CHARLES  HIRAM,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Oct.  28, 
1859,  in  Columbia  county,  Wis.  He  grad 
uated  from  Johns  Hopkins  university, 
where  for  many  years  he  filled  the  chair 
of  professor  of  mathematics,  which  posi 
tion  he  resigned  to  accept  the  presiden 
cy  of  the  university  of  Oregon. 

CHAPMAN,  CHRISTOPHER  E.,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1860,  in 
New  Shoreham,  R.  I.  He  attended  Brown 
university,  and  in  1884  graduated  in  law 
from  the  Boston  university.  In  1887-89 
he  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  the  Rhode  Island  legisla 
ture;  and  in  the  senate  from  1890  to  1897 
consecutively.  He  procured  appropriations 
aggregating  one  hundred  and  seventy-five 
thousand  dollars  from  the  state  of  Rhode 
Island  and  the  United  States  government 
for  harbor  refuge  at  New  Shoreham 
Great  Pond  harbor,  in  his  native  town. 

CHAPMAN,  FRANK  MICHLER,  orni 
thologist,  author,  was  born  in  1864,  in 
New  Jersey.  He  is  a  well-known  orni 
thologist,  and  assistant  curator  of  the  de 
partment  of  ornithology  and  mammalogy 
in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Hand-book  of  Birds  of  Eastern 
North  America;  and  Bird-Life:  A  Guide  to 
the  Study  of  Our  Common  Birds. 

CHAPMAN,  GEORGE  H.,  soldier.  He 
was  appointed  a  brigadier-general  in 
1864;  and  in  1865  received  the  brevet  of 
major-general. 

CHAPMAN,  GEORGE  THOMAS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1786, 
in  England.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man,  and  the  author  of  Sketches  of  Alum 
ni  of  Dartmouth  College  from  1771  to 
1868.  He  died  Oct.  18,  1872,  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass. 


CHAPMAN,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1805,  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate  for  three  years, 
from  January,  1843,  and  president  judge 
of  the  fifteenth  judicial  district  of  Penn 
sylvania  for  some  years  after  leaving  the 
senate.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
thirty-fifth  congress  from  Pennsylvania; 
and  was  elected  president  judge  of  the 
seventh  judicial  district  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1861. 

CHAPMAN,  HENRY  CADWALADER, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1845, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  noted  phy 
sician  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of 
Evolution  of  Life;  and  History  of  the 
Discovery  of  the  Circulation  of  the  Blood. 

CHAPMAN,  ISAAC  NEWTON,  civil 
engineer,  inventor,  was  born  Dec.  10, 1838, 
in  Lima,  Ohio.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  county,  and  grad 
uated  from  the  Willamette  university  of 
Salem,  Ore.  In  1855-56  he  served  in  the 
Indian  wars  of  Oregon  and  Washington. 
He  has  been  United  States  deputy  sur 
veyor;  city  engineer  of  Alameda,  Cal.; 
and  has  been  successful  as  a  surveyor  of 
mines  and  mineral  lands.  He  is  the  in 
ventor  of  an  automatic  sewer  flusher  in 
use  in  Alameda  and  other  cities. 

CHAPMAN,  JACOB,  clergyman,  gene 
alogist,  was  born  in  March,  1810,  in  Tarn- 
worth,  N.  H.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Dartmouth  college,  and  the  Ando- 
ver  Theological  seminary,  and  attained 
eminence  as  a  clergyman.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  five  volumes  of  Genealogy  on  the 
Folsom,  Philbrick,  Lane,  Weeks,  and 
Chapman  Families. 

CHAPMAN,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from' 1797  to  1799. 

CHAPMAN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was 
born  Aug.  21,  1829,  in  Greenland,  N.  H. 
He  served  in  various  churches  in  New 
England,  according  to  the  assignment 
made  by  the  conference,  until  1871,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  Brooklyn  and  New 
York.  In  1891  he  was  elected  chaplain  to 
the  university  of  Pennsylvania. 

CHAPMAN,  JOHN  A.,  soldier,  author, 
poet,  was  born  March  9,  1821,  in  Edgefield 
county,  S.  C.  He  served  as  a  volunteer 
in  the  war,  and  was  wounded.  Since  re 
tiring  from  business  in  1888  he  has  been 
closely  engaged  in  the  study  and  writing 
of  the  history  of  his  own  state.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  meritorious  poem  entitled 
The  Ideal  Man.  In  1875  he  published  a 
volume  of  verse,  The  Walk  and  Other 
Poems;  and  in  1879  appeared  Within  the 
Vale. 

CHAPMAN,  JOHN  GRANT,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  5,  1798,  in 
Charles  county,  Md.  Between  the  years 
1824  and  1844  he 
was  almost  con 
stantly  in  the  legis 
lature  of  Maryland. 
In  1845  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative 
in  congress,  and  re- 
elected  in  1847,  serv 
ing  on  important 
committees,  and  do 
ing  much  good  for 
his  constituents  and 
the  public  at  large; 
was  chosen  presi 
dent  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
constitution  of  Maryland  in  1851.  His 
last  public  office  was  to  preside  as  chair 
man  of  the  national  whig  convention 
which  met  in  Baltimore  in  1856,  to  nomi 
nate  Millard  Fillmore  for  the  presidency. 
He  died  Dec.  10,  1856. 


208 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CHAPMAN,  JOHN  GADSBY,  painter, 
•was  born  in  1808,  in  Alexandria,  Va.  He 
became  a  successful  etcher  and  wood-en 
graver,  made  illustrations  for  many 
books,  among  others  Harper's  illustrated 
Bible,  and  published  a  Drawing-Book, 
•which  has  passed  through  many  editions 
in  this  country  and  in  England.  Among 
his  works  in  oil  are  Baptism  of  Pocahon- 
tas,  in  the  capitol  at  Washington;  Etrus 
can  Girl;  and  Sunset  on  the  Campagna. 
He  died  Nov.  28,  1889,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

CHAPMAN,  JOSEPH  GILBERT,  man 
ufacturer,  philanthropist,  was  born  in 
1840,  in  Oxford,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  best  life  of  St. 
Louis  and  its  educational  and  philan 
thropic  movements,  and  has  been  a  trus 
tee  of  Washington  university  for  the  past 
fifteen  years.  He  was  president  of  the 
St.  Louis  Museum  and  School  of  Fine 
Arts,  to  whose  endowment  he  contributed 
largely. 

CHAPMAN,  MARIA  WESTON,  reform 
er,  was  born  in  1806,  in  Weymouth, 
Mass.  She  was  principal  of  the  newly 
established  young  ladies'  high  school  in 
Boston  in  1829-30.  She  returned  to  this 
country  in  1856,  and  in  1877  published 
the  autobiography  of  her  intimate  friend, 
Harriet  Martineau.  She  died  in  1885,  in 
Weymouth,  Mass. 

CHAPMAN,  MILLIE  J.,  educator,  phy 
sician,  was  born  July  23,  1845,  in  Craw 
ford  county,  Pa.  She  received  her  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools,  at  the  state 
normal  school,  and  the  medical  college. 
For  twelve  years  she  was  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work.  Since  becoming  a  physi 
cian  she  has  held  many  official  positions 
in  local,  state  and  national  medical  so 
cieties.  She  is  one  of  the  physicians  in 
the  Homeopathic  hospital;  an  attending 
physician  for  two  Children's  homes;  and 
lecturer  on  physics  at  a  co-educational 
college  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

CHAPMAN,  NATHANIEL,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  May  28,  1780, 
in  Summer  Hill,  Va.  He  was  a  Philadel 
phia  physician  and  professor  of  medicine 
in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania  in  1814- 
50.  He  was  the  author  of  Materia  Medi 
na  and  Therapeutics,  long  a  valued  text 
book;  Select  Speeches  (edited);  Lectures 
on  Eruptive  Fevers,  Hemorrhages  and 
Dropsies;  and  Lectures  on  Thoracic  Vis 
cera.  He  died  July  1,  1853,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

CHAPMAN,  PLEASANT  T..  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1854, 
in  Johnson  county,  Va.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  superintendent  of  the  Johnson 
county  schools,  and  reappointed  for  a 
short  time  in  1881.  In  1882  he  was  elect 
ed  county  judge;  and  in  1890-94  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Illinois  state  senate. 

CHAPMAN,  REUBEN,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  July  15,  1799,  in  Ran 
dolph  county,  Va.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Alabama  from  1835 
to  1848;  and  was  governor  of  that  state 
from  1847  to  1849.  He  died  May  17,  1882, 
in  Huntsville,  Ala. 

CHAPMAN,  REUBEN  ATWATER, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1801,  in 
Russell,  Mass.  He  practiced  successively 
in  Westfield,  Monson,  Ware,  and  Spring 
field.  He  died  June  28,  1873,  in  Switzer 
land. 

CHAPMAN,  THOMAS  CORWIN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Nov. 
12,  1844,  in  Conneaut,  Ohio.  He  has  filled 
the  positions  of  prosecuting  attorney, 
probate  judge,  and  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  Missouri  state 
legislature. 


CHAPMAN,  WARREN  HOSEA,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  May  5,  1821,  in 
Tolland,  Conn.  He  studied  medicine  and 
settled  in  Peoria,  where  he  became  emi 
nent  in  his  profession.  Dr.  Chapman  was 
prominent  in  the  arrangements  that  led 
to  the  establishment  of  a  summer  school 
of  science  in  Peoria,  and  was  president 
of  the  scientific  association  under  whose 
direction  the  school  was  formed.  He  is 
the  author  of  Geology  of  Peoria  County; 
Chemistry  of  the  Rocks;  and  Systems  of 
Stratified  Rocks. 

CHAPMAN,  WILLIAM  CARROLL, 
physician,  journalist,  was  born  June  17, 
1863,  in  Hartford,  Ky.  He  is  assistant  to 
the  chair  of  clinical  medicine  and  to  the 
chair  of  chemical  physiology  in  the  Ken 
tucky  school  of  medicine;  secretary  of  the 
publication  committee  of  the  Kentucky 
State  Medical  society;  and  editor  of  the 
Medical  Progress. 

CHAPMAN,  WILLIAM  W.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  to  congress  from 
the  territory  of  Iowa  from  1839  to  1841. 

CHAPPELL,  ABSALOM  HARRIS,  law 
yer,  congressman,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
18,  1801,  in  Hancock  county,  Ga.  He  was 
a  representative  of  the  Georgia  state  leg 
islature  for  three  terms;  a  member  of  the 
state  senate,  and  president  of  that  body; 
and  in  1842-43  became  a  member  of  the 
twenty-eighth  congress.  He  died  Dec.  11, 
1878. 

CHAPPELL,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1782,  in  Fair- 
field,  S.  C.  He  was  a  solicitor  of  equity, 
colonel  of  militia,  a  trustee  of  the  state 
college  in  1809,  and  a  bank  director.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1813  to  1817. 

CHARLES,  MRS.  EMILY  THORNTON, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1845,  in 
Indiana.  She  is  a  Washington  journalist 
who  has  published  two  volumes  of  verse, 
Hawthorn  Blossoms;  and  Lyrical  Poems. 

CHARLTON,  ROBERT  MILLEDGE, 
lawyer,  congressman,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  19,  1807,  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He 
served  in  the  state  legislature;  became 
United  States  district  attorney;  and  in 
his  twenty-seventh  year  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  eastern 
Georgia.  He  was  a  poet,  and  published 
a  volume  of  poems  in  1839;  and  also  pub 
lished  a  prose  work  entitled  Leaves  from 
the  Portfolio  of  a  Georgia  Lawyer;  as  well 
as  a  variety  of  historical  and  other  lec 
tures  and  literary  addresses.  He  served 
in  congress  as  a  senator  from  Georgia,  by 
appointment,  during  a  part  of  the  years 
1852  and  1853.  He  died  Jan.  18,  1854,  in 
Savannah,  Ga. 

CHARLTON,  THOMAS  USHER  PU- 
LASKI,  lawyer,  jurist,  legislator,  author, 
was  born  in  1779,  in  South  Carolina.  In 
1803  he  was  a  member  of  the  Georgia 
state  legislature;  attorney-general  during 
1804-8;  and  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  the  eastern  circuit  of  Georgia  during 
1808-12.  He  was  again  a  member  of  the 
legislature  in  1812;  mayor  of  Savannah 
in  1819-20;  and  again  judge  of  the  supe 
rior  court  in  1824.  He  published  a  vol 
ume  of  reports;  a  Life  of  James  Jackson; 
and  other  works.  He  died  in  December, 
1835. 

CHARLTON,  WALTER  GLASCO,  law 
yer,  was  born  June  5,  1851,  in  Savannah, 
Ga.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Rock  academy;  the  Pen- Lucy  school  of 
Baltimore  county,  Md.;  and  the  university 
of  Virginia.  He  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of  Savannah,  Ga.,  of 


which  city  he  has  served  as  alderman  for 
three  terms.  He  has  been  solicitor  of 
the  eastern  circuit  of  Georgia;  chairman 
of  the  democratic  party  of  Chatham 
county  for  three  terms;  chairman  of  the 
democratic  congressional  convention  of 
the  first  district  in  1886;  and  temporary 
chairman  of  the  state  convention  in  1885. 

CHASE,  AARON  AUGUSTUS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  journalist.  He  served  with  dis- 
tjnction  as  a  soldier  during  the  civil  war, 
and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  G.  A. 
R.  In  1863  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar; 
and  for  many  years  was  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  The  Times  of  Scranton,  Pa.  His 
editorial  championship  of  the  working- 
men  during  the  labor  troubles  of  the  sev 
enties  caused  him  to  be  twice  imprisoned 
because  of  his  attitude.  In  1885  he  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law,  and  is  now  one 
of  the  foremost  members  of  that  profes 
sion  in  Pennsylvania  at  Scranton. 

CHASE,  AARON  W.,  soldier,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  19,  1841,  in  St.  Lawrence  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  served  through  the  war  in 
company  I,  eighth  Illinois  cavalry;  be 
came  first  lieutenant,  and  was  severely 
wounded.  He  has  been  school  director, 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  treasurer  of  Fill- 
more  county,  Neb. 

CHASE,  ANN,  patriot,  was  born  1809, 
in  Ireland.  Through  her  stratagems  and 
secretly  imparted  information,  the  United 
States  troops  captured  Tampico  without 
the  loss  of  a  single  man.  The  govern 
ment  gratefully  acknowledged  the  ser 
vice.  She  died  Dec.  24,  1874,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

CHASE,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  ge 
ologist,  was  born  in  1789,  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  was  also  a  geologist,  and  pre 
sented  Oakland,  Miss.,  college  with  a 
valuable  collection  of  fossils,  which  he 
had  gathered  during  his  journeys.  He 
died  Oct.  11,  1870,  in  Natchez,  Miss. 

CHASE,  CHAMPION  SPALDING,  law 
yer,  statesman,  was  born  March  20,  1820, 
in  Cornish,  N.  H.  In  1856  he  was  elected 
to  the  Wisconsin  state  senate;  and  In 
1862  was  commissioned  paymaster  in  the 
union  army,  with  the  rank  of  major  of 
cavalry.  In  1866  he  went  to  Omaha,  and 
was  the  first  attorney-general  of  that 
state.  In  1874  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Omaha,  and  served  seven  years.  He  has 
held  many  positions  of  honor,  and  in 
1872  the  Nebraska  legislature  named 
Chase  county  for  him;  and  the  citizens 
of  Champion,  a  manufacturing  town  in 
that  county,  adopted  his  first  name  for 
their  town. 

CHASE,  CHARLES  M.,  journalist,  son 
of  General  E.  B.  Chase,  was  born  Nov.  6, 
1839,  in  Lyndon,  Vt.  During  1857-61  he 
was  police  magistrate,  lawyer  and  editor 
at  Sycamore,  111.;  and  in  1861  was  the 
leader  of  the  band  in  the  thirteenth  regi 
ment  Illinois  volunteer  infantry.  In  1865 
he  established  The  Vermont  Union  in 
Lyndon,  and  has  ever  since  been  its  ed 
itor  and  owner.  In  1866  and  1868  he  was 
democratic  candidate  for  congress;  dele 
gate  to  the  democratic  national  conven 
tion  in  1876.  He  has  been  a  justice  of  the 
peace  for  twenty  years  in  Lyndon,  Vt., 
and  president  of  the  school  board  for 
fourteen  years.  Since  1892  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Citizens'  Savings  Bank 
and  Trust  company. 

CHASE,  DENISON,  inventor,  was  born 
April  13,  1830,  in  Concord,  Vt.  He  has 
made  several  inventions.  The  most  impor 
tant,  however,  is  the  turbine  water-wheel, 
which  for  years  has  been  recognized  as 
the  best  made.  He  is  president  of  the 
Chase  Turbine  Manufacturing  company, 
which  employs  about  seventy-five  hands. 


HKRR1NGSHAWS    KNCYC'LOPKIMA    OF    AMKRICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


209 


CHASE,  DUDLEY,  lawyer,  jurist,  Unit 
ed  States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1771, 
In  Cornish,  N.  H.  He  was  state's  attor 
ney  for  Orange  county;  was  a  member  of 
the  constitutional  conventions  of  1814  and 
1822;  was  a  representative  from  Randolph 
to  the  legislature  of  Vermont  in  1805-12, 
during  five  years  of  which  he  was  speaker. 
He  was  again  elected  representative  from 
the  same  town  in  1823  and  1824;  and  was 
elected  United  States  senator  from  Ver 
mont  from  1813  to  1819.  He  resigned  bis 
seat  in  1817;  and  was  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Vermont  in  1817-21.  In 
1824  he  was  again  chosen  United  States 
senator  from  1825  to  1831.  He  died  Feb. 
23.  184(i.  in  Randolph,  Vt. 

CHASE,  EPAPHRAS  B..  soldier,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1800,  in  Bradford, 
Vt.  He  was  president  of  the  Lyndon 
bank  from  its  organization  till  his  death. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Ver 
mont  state  agricultural  society,  and  along 
time  director.  From  1833-36  he  was  gen 
eral  of  the  first  Vermont  brigade,  and 
was  a  representative  in  the  Vermont  state 
legislature.  He  died  in  September,  1867. 

CHASE,  FREDERIC  AUGUSTUS,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  Jan.  29,  1833,  in  King's  Ferry,  N.  Y. 
After  being  ordained  as  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  he  had  charge  of  churches  in 
Parishville  and  Lyndonville,  N.  Y.  From 
1868  till  1870  he  was  president  of  a  fe 
male  seminary  in  Lyons,  Iowa;  and  in 
1872  became  professor  of  natural  sciences 
in  Fisk  university  of  Nashville.  Tenn. 

CHASE,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  29,  1849,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He 
is  a  professor  of  criminal  law  at  Colum 
bia  college,  and  the  author  of  The  Ameri 
can  Students'  Blackstone. 

CHASE,  GEORGE  COLBY,  educator, 
.college  president,  was  born  March  15. 
1844,  in  Unity,  Maine.  He  has  filled  the 
chair  of  professor  of  ancient  classics  in 
New  Hampton  literary  institution,  and 
from  1872-94  was  professor  of  English  lit 
erature  in  Bates  college,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  president  of  that  institution. 

CHASE,  GEORGE  LEWIS,  underwrit 
er,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1828.  in  Millbury. 
Mass.  In  1866  he  became  president  of  the 
Hartford  Insurance  company;  and  in  1870 
was  elected  president  of  the  national 
board  of  fire  underwriters.  He  has  been 
a  prominent  directorate  of  many  banking 
and  financial  institutions  of  Hartford. 
Conn. 

CHASE,  GEORGE  WINGATE, congress 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1826  in  Haver- 
hill,  Mass.  During  1853-55  he  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
state.  He  was  the  author  of  History  of 
Haverhill,  1640-1860;  The  Freemason's 
Monitor;  Masonic  Dictionary  and  Manual 
of  Masonic  Law:  and  Tactics  for  Knights 
Templars  and  Appendant  Authors.  He 
died  May  1,  1867,  in  Maryland,  N.  Y. 

CHASE,  HARRY,  painter  was  born  in 
1853  in  Woodstock.  Vt.  His  principal 
works  are  Breezy  Afternoon  off  the  Bat 
tery  in  New  York;  Low  Tide  on  the 
Welsh  Coast;  Outward-bound  Whaler; 
Bringing  the  Fish  Ashore;  and  New  York 
Harbor. 

CHASE,  HIRAM  W.,  banker,  was  born 
Jan.  12,  1823,  in  Auburn.  N.  Y.  He  has 
been  prominently  identified  with  the  rail 
road  interests  of  Lafayette,  Ind.  He  was 
largely  instrumental  in  establishing  the 
Lafayette  Savings  bank  in  1869. 

CHASE,  HORACE,  state  legislator, 
was  born  in  New  England.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  constitutional  conven- 

14 


tion  of  Wisconsin  and  a  member  of  the 
first  .state  legislature.  He  was  mayor  of 
Milwaukee  in  1862-63.  He  died  in  1887. 

CHASE,  IRAH,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  5,  1793,  in  Stratton,  Vt.  He 
was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  prominence 
who  founded  the  theological  seminary  at 
Newton  Centre,  Mass.,  and  was  professor 
there  in  1825-45.  He  was  the  author  of 
Life  of  Bunyan;  Design  of  Baptism;  The 
Jewish  Tabernacle;  Infant  Baptism  an  In 
vention  of  Men;  and  The  Constitutions  of 
the  Holy  Apostles.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1864, 
in  Newton,  Mass. 

CHASE,  JEREMIAH  T.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1783  to  1784. 

CHASE,  JULIA  CLARKE,  poet,  was 
born  April  9,  1856,  in  Neosho,  Wis.  She 
lias  written  one  thousand  poems,  besides 
a  great  deal  of  prose,  stories  and  sketches 
for  children. 

CHASE,  LUCIEN  B.,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1817,  in  Vermont. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1845  to  1847,  and  for  a 
second  term,  ending  in  1849.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  History  of  Pres 
ident  Folk's  Administration.  He  died 
Dec.  14,  1864,  in  Vermont. 

CHASE,  LYMAN  CLEVELAND,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  2. 
1839,  in  Rutland,  Ohio.  He  attended  the 
district  schools  in  Ohio;  commenced 
teaching  at  the  age  of  ufteen,  and  in  1866 
graduated  from  the  Hillsdaie  college.  The 
same  year  he  entered  Atwood  institute, 
Ohio,  as  principal.  In  1869  he  was  or 
dained  a  clergyman  in  the  free  baptist 
church.  In  1882  he  moved  to  Kansas,  and 
the  following  year  became  superintendent 
of  missions  In  the  freewill  baptist  church' 
and  has  ever  since  been  engaged  in  min 
isterial  work.  He  is  the  author  of  Con 
tending  for  the  Faith;  and  Christian's 
Manual  of  His  Essentials  to  Success  in 
Christian  Life  and  Work. 

CHASE.  MARTHA  ELLEN,  educator, 
was  born  Dec.  5.  1846,  in  Lyndon,  Vt.  She 
is  the  daughter  of  General  E.  B.  Chase; 
has  always  been  engaged  in  educational 
work;  and  in  1877  established  the  Santa 
Rosa  seminary,  California,  of  which  she  is 
still  principal.  She  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  the  educational  literature  of 
the  times;  and  also  on  current  topics. 

CHASE,  PHILANDER,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  14,  1775,  in  Cornish,  N.  H. 
He  was  the  first  protestant  episcopal  bish 
op  of  Ohio,  and  later  of  Illinois.  He 
founded  Kenyon  college  at  Gambler.  Ohio. 
He  was  the  author  of  A  Plea  for  the 
West;  Defence  of  Kenyon  College;  and 
Reminiscences.  He  died  Sept:  20,  1852,  at 
Jubilee  College.  111. 

CHASE,  PHILIP  STEPHEN,  soldier, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1843,  in  Ports 
mouth.  R.  I.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the 
civil  war,  and  in  1883  was  appointed  de 
partment  commander  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic.  In  1868  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Rhode  Island  legislature,  and  in  1895 
was  elected  city  auditor  of  Providence, 
R.  I.  He  was  an  officer  of  the  Rhode 
Island  militia  for  fourteen  years,  thirteen 
of  which  was  assistant  adjutant  general 
with  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel. 

CHASE,  PLINY  EARLE,  educator, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1820. 
in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  was  an  educator 
and  scientist  of  Philadelphia  and  the  au 
thor  of  Numerical  Relations  of  Gravity 
and  Magnetism;  Elements  of  Meteorol 
ogy;  Elements  of  Arithmetic;  and  Com 
mon  School  Arithmetic.  He  died  Dec.  17, 
1886,  in  Haverford,  Pa. 


CHASE.  SALMON  PORTLAND,  law 
yer,  jurist.  United  States  senator  was 
born  Jan.  13,  1808,  in  Cornish,  N.  H.  His 
first  public  position 
was  that  of  school 
examiner  in  Cincin 
nati,  in  1839;  in 
1840  was  a  city  coun 
cilman;  in  1845  pro 
jected  what  was 
called  a  liberty  con 
vention;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  free- 
soil  convention  held 
at  Buffalo  in  1848. 
He  was  a  senator  in 
congress,  from  Ohio, 

from  1849  to  1855;  was  elected  governor 
of  Ohio  in  1855,  and  re-elected  in  1857. 
In  1860  he  was  again  chosen  a  senator  in 
congress.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States.  By  virtue  of  his  position  as  chief 
justice  he  presided  over  the  senate  while 
acting  as  a  court  of  impeachment,  during 
the  trial  of  President  Andrew  Johnson  in 
1868.  He  died  May  7,  1873,  in  New  York 
city. 

CHASE,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress,  from  New  York  from 
1827  to  1829. 

CHASE,  SAMUEL,  jurist,  statesman 
was  born  April  17,  1741,  in  Somerset 
county,  Maryland.  He  was  sent  by  Mary 
land  as  a  delegate 
to  the  continental 
congress,  where  he 
served  from  1774  to 
1778,  and  in  1784  and 
1785.  He  was  a  signer 
of  the  declaration  of 
independence.  I  n 
1788  he  was  appoint 
ed  chief  justice  of 
the  criminal  court; 
was  a  member  of 
the  convention  that 
ratified  the  federal 

constitution,  and  in  1796  was  appointed 
an  associate  on  the  supreme  bench.  He 
died  June  19,  1811. 

CHASE,  THOMAS,  educator,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  June  16,  1827, 
in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  was  an  educator 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  president  of  Haver- 
ford  college.  He  was  co-editor  with 
George  Stuart  of  a  series  of  classical  text 
books,  and  also  published  Hellas,  her 
Monuments  and  Scenery,  descriptive  of 
his  travels  in  Greece.  He  died  m  1892. 

CHASE,  WILLIAM  EZRA,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1872,  in  Fremont, 
Neb.  He  graduated  from  the  Iowa  col 
lege  in  1891,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  For 
two  years  he  was  professor  of  ancient  and 
modern  languages  in  Hull  academy, 
Iowa;  in  1893-94  was  instructor  in  the 
Calumet  high  school,  Michigan;  in  1894- 
95  was  principal  of  public  schools  in  Ben 
jamin,  Tex.;  and  in  1895-96  was  connected 
with  the  Epworth  seminary,  Iowa. 

CHASE,  WILLIAM  MERRITT,  painter, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1849,  in  Franklin,  Ind. 
Fish  Market;  The  Dowager;  Broken  Jug; 
Ready  for  a  Ride;  The  Apprentice:  por 
trait  of  General  Webb;  and  portrait  of 
Peter  Cooper  (1882). 

CHASE,  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  clergy 
man, was  born  July  11,  1839,  in  Hallowell. 
Maine.  He  occupied  the  pulpit  of  the 
famous  Ruggles  Street  church  for  two 
and  one-half  years,  when  he  was  called,  in 
1891,  to  the  Fifth  baptist  church  of  Phila 
delphia.  He  is  trustee  of  the  Newton 
Theological  institution  and  president  of 
the  baptist  education  society  of  Maine. 


210 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CHASSAIGNAC,  CHARLES  LOUIS, 
surgeon,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1862,  in  New 
Orleans,  La.  He  attended  the  New  Or 
leans  central  high  school;  college  of 
Brothers  of  the  Sacred  Heart;  and  gradu 
ated  in  medicine  from  the  university  of 
Louisiana.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Orleans  parish  medical  society;  and  is 
now  professor  of  genito-urinary  and  rec 
tal  diseases  in  the  New  Orleans  poly- 
clinic.  He  is  president  of  the  New  Or 
leans  sanitarium;  editor  of  the  New  Or 
leans  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal;  and 
has  held  other  medical  positions  of  honor. 

CHASTAIN,  EDWARD  W.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress,  from  Geor 
gia,  from  1851  to  1855. 

CHATARD,  FRANCIS  SILAS,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  in  1834  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  is  the  Roman  catholic  bishop  of 
Vincennes,  Ind.,  and  the  author  of  Chris 
tian  Truths. 

CHATFIELD,  A.  G.,  jurist.  He  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  Minnesota,  and  in  1853 
he  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  for  the  territory 
of  Minnesota. 

CHATFIELD  -  TAYLOR,  H  O  B  A  R  T 
CHATFIELD,  author,  was  born  in  1865 
in  Illinois.  He  is  the  author  of  With 
Edge  Tools;  An  American  Peeress;  Two 
Women  and  a  Fool;  and  The  Land  of  the 
Castanet. 

CHATTERTON,  FENIMORE,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  July  21,  1860,  in  Os- 
wego,  N.  Y.  During  1870-78  he  attended 
the  public  schools  of  Washington,  D.  (J., 
and  the  preparatory  department  of  the 
Columbia  college.  In  1888  he  was  treas 
urer  and  probate  judge  of  Carbon  county, 
Wyo.;  in  1890-92  was  state  senator  for 
two  terms;  the  latter  year  serving  as 
vice-president  of  the  state  senate.  In 
1894-96  he  served  two  terms  as  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Carbon;  and  is  known 
as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  in  the 
west,  with  a  large  practice  at  Rawlins, 
Wyo. 

CHAUNCEY,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  June  11,  1747,  in  Durham,  Conn. 
He  became  state's  attorney  in  1776.  He 
was  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  from 
1789  till  1793,  and  was  for  forty  years  a 
lecturer  on  jurisprudence.  He  was  the 
principal  founder  and  president  of  the 
first  agricultural  society  in  Connecticut. 
He  died  April  28,  1823,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn. 

CHAUNCEY,  ISAAC,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Feb.  20,  1772,  in  Black  Rock,  Conn. 
He  made  several  successful  voyages  to  the 
East  Indies  in  the  ships  of  John  Jacob 
Astor.  He  distinguished  himself  in  sev 
eral  actions  off  Tripoli  and  was  thanked 
by  congress  for  his  services.  He  served 
with  distinction  in  the  war  of  1812;  and 
in  1833-40  was  president  of  the  board  of 
navy  commissioners  in  Washington,  D. 
C.,  In  which  city  he  died  Jan.  27,  1840. 

CHAUNCY,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  horn  in  1592 
in  England.  He  was  a  puritan  clergy 
man,  vicar  of  Ware  in  1627-35.  He  came 
to  America  in  1638,  and  was  thirteen 
years  minister  at  Scituate  He  was  the 
second  president  of  Harvard  college,  suc 
ceeding  Henry  Dunster  in  1654.  His  most 
Important  work  is  a  series  of  twenty-six 
Sermons  on  Justification.  Antisynodalia 
Scripta  America,  a  controversial  pam 
phlet,  appeared  in  1662.  He  died  Feb.  19, 
1 072. 

CHAUNCY.  CHARLES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  ].  1705.  in  Boston. 
Seasonable  Thoughts  on  the  State  of  Re 
ligion  in  New  England;  Discourse  on  En 


thusiasm,  directed  against  Whitefleld,  of 
whose  teachings  he  was  a  strong  oppo 
nent;  Letters  to  Whitefield;  Complete 
View  of  Episcopacy;  The  Mystery  Hid 
from  the  Ages;  Benevolence  of  the  Deity; 
Five  Dissertations  on  the  Fall  and  its 
Consequences;  and  Validity  of  Presby 
terian  Ordination.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1787. 

CHAUVENET,  REGIS,  chemist,  was 
born  Oct.  7,  1842,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
From  1872  till  1875  he  was  chemist  to  the 
Missouri  geological  survey,  and  for  some 
time  held  a  similar  relation  to  the  city  of 
St.  Louis.  In  the  year  1883  he  became 
professor  of  chemistry  and  president  of 
the  Colorado  state  school  of  mines  in 
Golden. 

CHAUVENET,  WILLIAM,  author,  was 
born  May  24,  1820,  in  Milford,  Pa.  He  was 
a  mathematician  who  was  chancellor  of 
Washington  university,  St.  Louis,  in  1862- 
69.  He  was  the  author  of  Binomial 
Theorem  and  Logarithms;  Plane  and 
Spherical  Trigonometry;  Manual  of 
Spherical  and  Practical  Astronomy;  and 
Elementary  Geometry.  He  died  Dec.  13, 
1870,  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

CHAVEZ,  J.  FRANCISCO,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  27,  1833,  in  Pa- 
dillas,  N.  M.  He  was  appointed  major  of 
the  first  regiment  of  infantry  raised  in 
New  Mexico;  after  participating  in  sev 
eral  battles  and  see.ng  much  active  serv 
ice  on  the  frontier  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  In  1865  he 
was  elected  a  delegate  from  New  Mexico 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress,  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

CHAVIS,  JORDAN  uOUGLAS,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  Aug.  9,  1863,  near  Greensboro,  N.  C. 
Since  1893  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Bennett  college  of  Greensboro,  N.  C.  He 
completed  his  college  course  in  1887,  and 
attained  success  as  an  educator  and  meth- 
odist  clergyman. 

CHEADLE,  JOSEPH  B.,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1842,'  in 
Perrysville,  Ind.  He  entered  the  editorial 
profession,  which  occupation  he  has  since 
followed.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth 
congress  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican. 

CHEATHAM,  HENRY  PLUMMER, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1857,  in 
Granville,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  principal 
of  the  Plymouth  state  normal  school  im 
mediately  after  his  graduation,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  until  1885.  He  is 
the  only  colored  representative  in  the 
fifty-first  congress.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-sec 
ond  congress  as  a  republican.  In  1897  he 
was  appointed  recorder  of  deeds  for  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

CHEATHAM,  RICHARD,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee,  from  1837  to  1839.  He  died  in 
September,  1845. 

CHECKLEY,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1680  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Rhode 
Island,  noted  in  his  clay  for  his  witty, 
reckless  attacks  on  his  theological  op 
ponents.  He  was  the  author  of  Choice 
Dialogues  About  Predestination.  He  died 
in  1753  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

CHEESMAN.  JOHN  CUMMINGS,  phy 
sician,  was  born  July  20,  1788.  in  New 
York  city.  He  held  many  important  of 
fices,  among  which  were  surgeon  to  the 
Charity  hospital  on  Blackwell's  island, 
and  surgeon  to  Bellevue  hospital.  For 
forty  years  he  was  professionally  con 
nected  with  the  New  York  hospital.  He 
died  Oct.  11,  1862,  in  New  York  city. 


CHEETHAM,  JAMES,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1772  in  England.  He 
was  an  English  journalist  who  came  to 
America  in  1798,  and  became  editor  of 
The  American  Citizen.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Nine  Letters  on  Burr's  Defection; 
Reply  to  Aristides;  and  Life  of  Thomas 
Paine,  a  work  written  from  a  hostile 
point  of  view.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1810,  in 
New  York  city. 

CHEEVER,  ALONZO  W.,  farmer,  lec 
turer,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  27.  1831, 
in  Wrentham,  Mass.  He  was  state  cat 
tle  commissioner  during  1885-92;  and  has 
lectured  on  agriculture  in  all  the  north 
eastern  states,  state  institute  service. 
Since  1873  he  has  been  agricultural  editor 
of  The  New  England  Farmer. 

CHEEVER,  EZEKIEL,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1614,  in  London, 
England.  He  was  a  colonial  educator  of 
Boston,  who  was  master  of  the  Latin 
school  for  many  years,  and  was  author  of 
Scripture  Prophecies  Explained,  an  essay 
on  the  millennium;  Latin  Accidence,  for 
a  century  a  standard  introductory  Latin 
text-book  in  New  England.  He  died  Aug. 
21,  1708,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CHEEVER,  GEORGE  BARRELL, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  17, 
1807,  in  Hallowell,  Maine.  He  was  a  noted 
congregational  clergyman  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  ot  Deacon  Giles's 
Distillery;  Studies  in  Poetry;  Wanderings 
of  a  Pilgrim  in  the  Shadow  of  Mont 
Blanc;  Lectures  on  Pilgrim's  Progress; 
Journal  of  the  Pilgrims  at  Plymouth; 
God  Against  Slavery;  Incidents  and  Mem 
ories  of  the  Christian  Life;  The  Guilt 
of  Slavery;  The  Republic  or  the  Oli 
garchy,  Which?;  Faith,  Doubt,  and  Evi 
dence;  God's  Timepiece  for  Man's  Eter 
nity;  Lectures  on  Cowper;  and  Windings 
of  the  River  of  the  Water  of  Life.  He 
died  Oct.  1,  1890,  in  Englewood,  N.  J. 

CHEEVER,  HENRY  MAR'ITN,  lawyer, ' 
was  born  June  20,  in  Stillwater,  N.  Y.  He 
attained  success  as  a  lawyer;  has  lectured 
on  Presbyterianism  and  Catholicity;  was 
organizer  of  the  Westminster  church  of 
Detroit;  and  trustee  of  several  large  in 
stitutions  of  Detroit,  Mich. 

CHEEVER,  HENRY  THEODORE, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1814, 
in  Hallowell,  Maine.  He  was  a  congre 
gational  clergyman,  and  the  author  of 
Way  Marks  in  the  Moral  War  with  Slav 
ery;  Correspondences  of  Faith  and  Views 
of  Madame  Guyon;  The  Island  World  of 
the  Pacific;  Life  in  the  Sandwich  Islands; 
The  Whale  and  his  Captors;  The  Pulpit 
and  the  Pew;  Life  of  Nathaniel  Cheever; 
Life  of  Walter  Colton;  and  Captain  Cau- 
gar.  He  died  in  1897. 

CHEEVER,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  22,  1787,  in  North  Brook- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  elected  district  at 
torney  at  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  arid  was  elected  the 
first  county  judge  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
died  Sept.  25,  1874,  in  Waterford,  N.  Y. 

CHENEY,  ARTHUR,  was  born  Jan.  14, 
1837,  in  South  Manchester,  Conn.  He  in 
terested  himself  in  the  drama  and  built 
the  Globe  theater  of  Boston,  originally 
called  Selwyn's  theater,  for  the  purpose  of 
giving  the  best  plays  in  a  thorough  and 
artistic  way.  He  died  in  Decemoer,  1878, 
in  South  Manchester,  Conn. 

CHENEY,  BENJAMIN  PIERCE,  pio 
neer,  was  born  Aug.  12.  1815,  in  New 
England.  In  1880  he  merged  his  business 
into  that  of  the  American  Express  com 
pany,  taking  stock  In  payment.  He  was 
promptly  made  a  director  of  the  Ameri 
can  Express  company,  and  remained  such 
the  rest  of  his  life,  being  the  largest  in 
dividual  stockholder  in  the  company.  He 
died  July  23,  1S95,  in  Wellesley,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


211 


CHENEY,  BENJAMIN  PIERCE,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  April  8,  1866,  In 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  president  of  the  Na 
tional  City  and  Otay  railway. 

CHENEY,  CHARLES  EDWARD, 
clergyman,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1836,  in 
Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  Soon  after  his  ordi 
nation  he  became  rector  of  Christ  church, 
Chicago.  Mr.  Cheney  was  elected  mis 
sionary  bishop  of  the  northwest,  for  the 
new  organization,  in  1873. 

CHENEY,  MRS.  EDNAH  DOW,  edu 
cator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  27, 
1829,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  is  a  Boston 
writer,  associated  in  early  life  with  the 
prominent  New  England  transcendental- 
ists,  who  has  been  active  in  the  woman 
suffrage  movement,  and  whose  writing 
kas  had  more  or  less  to  do  with  philosoph 
ical  themes.  Her  principal  works  com 
prise  Hand-book  of  American  History  for 
Colored  People;  Faithful  to  the  Light, 
and  Other  Tales;  Stories  of  the  Olden 
Time;  Gleanings  in  the  Fields  of  Art;  Life 
of  Louisa  Alcott,  supra;  Life  of  Christian 
Daniel  Rauch,  Sculptor;  Memoir  of  John 
Cheney,  Engraver;  Memoir  of  Dr.  Susan 
Dimock;  Nora's  Return,  a  sequel  to  Ib 
sen's  Doll  House;  Sally  Williams;  and  the 
Mountain  Girl. 

CHENEY,  EMELINE  BURLINGAME, 
missionary,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1836,  in 
Smithfield,  R.  I.  She  has  been  president 
of  the  Rhode  Island  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  union;  and  president  of  the 
Free  Baptist  Woman's  Missionary  society. 
She  is  a  licensed  preacher,  and  was  three 
times  a  delegate  to  the  free  baptist  tri 
ennial  conference;  and  was  editor  of  the 
Missionary  Helper  for  many  years. 

CHENEY,  MRS.  HARRIET  VAUGHAN 
(FOSTER),  author,  was  born  in  1815  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  the  author  of  Con 
fessions  of  an  Early  Martyr;  A  Peep  at 
the  Pilgrims  in  1636;  The  Rivals  of  Ar 
cadia;  Sketches  from  the  Life  of  Christ; 
and  The  Sunday  School,  or  Village 
Sketches. 

CHENEY,  JOHN  VANCE,  librarian, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1848,  in 
New  York.  He  practiced  law  for  a  while; 
and  subsequently  became  librarian  of  the 
public  library  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  In 
1897  he  was  elected  librarian  of  the  New- 
berry  library  of  Chicago.  His  poetical 
works  include  Thistle  Drift;  Wood 
Blooms;  and  Queen  Helen  and  Other 
Poems.  In  prose,  his  best  known  works 
are  The  Old  Doctor,  a  Romance  of  Queer 
Village;  The  Golden  Guess,  a  series  of 
critical  essays;  and  That  Dome  in  Air,  a 
similar  collection  of  critical  studies. 

CHENEY,  PERSON  COLBY,  manufac 
turer,  governor.  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Feb.  25,  -L828,  in  Ashland,  N.  H. 
He  was  president  of  the  Amoskeag  Fibre 
Ware  company;  and  in  1853  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  New  Hampsnire  legisla 
ture.  In  1862  he  entered  the  union  army 
as  regimental  quartermaster.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  railroad  commissioner,  serv 
ing  three  years.  In  1871  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Manchester.  N.  H.;  in  1875  was 
elected  governor  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1876;  he  was  appointed 
United  States  senator  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
serving  from  1886  to  1889. 

CHENEY,  SETH  WELLS,  artist,  was 
born  Nov.  26,  1810,  in  South  Manchester, 
Conn.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  Ameri 
can  artists  in  black  and  white,  and  ex 
celled  in  giving  spirituality  to  his  por 
traits  and  ideal  female  faces,  which  are 
still  sought  by  collectors.  Among  his 
works  are  portraits  of  Theodore  Parker 
with  his  wife;  and  Epnraim  Peabody; 
Rosalie;  and  A  Roman  Girl.  He  died 
Sept.  10,  1856,  in  South  Manchester, 
Conn. 


CHENEY,  SIMON  PEASE,  musical  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1818  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  was  a  once  noted  mu 
sical  educator  of  Vermont,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  American  Singing  Book;  and 
Wood  Notes  Wild,  notations  of  bird  mu 
sic.  He  died  in  1890. 

CHENEY,  THESEUS  APOLEON,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  16,  1830,  in  Leon, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  writer  who  devoted  his 
attention  to  the  history  of  the  western 
portion  of  his  native  state.  He  was  the 
author  of  Report  on  the  Ancient  Monu 
ments  of  Western  New  York;  Historical 
Sketch  of  the  Chemung  Valley;  Histor 
ical  Sketch  of  Eighteen  Counties  of  Cen 
tral  and  Southern  New  York;  Laron;  Re 
lations  of  Government  to  Science;  and 
Antiquarian  Researches.  He  died  Aug.  2, 
1878,  in  Starkey,  N.  Y. 

CHENEY,  WARD,  pioneer  manufac 
turer,  was  born  in  1813,  in  South  Man 
chester,  Conn.  His  silk  thread  having 
been  once  accepted  as  excellent  in  quality, 
the  Cheney  factory  gained  ground  every 
year  in  spite  of  many  trials.  Arthur, 
Charles  and  Frank  W.  Cheney,  brothers, 
successively  joined  the  founder.  He  died 
March  22,  1876,  in  South  Manchester, 
Conn. 

CHENOWETH,  JAMES  Q.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1841, 
in  Louisville,  Ky.  He  was  elected  a  state 
senator  of  Kentucky;  served  three  ses 
sions  and  resigned.  In  1875  he  was  ap 
pointed  district  judge  in  Texas;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  seven 
teenth  and  eighteenth  legislatures  of  Tex 
as.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  first  au 
ditor  of  the  United  States  treasury. 

CHENOWETH,  WILLIAM  J.,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1823,  in 
Greensburg,  Ky.  In  1840  he  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  the  Au 
gusta  college,  Kentucky;  and  three  years 
later  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from 
the  same  institution.  He  has  attained 
success  in  his  profession  at  Decatur,  111.; 
and  is  prominently  connected  with  the 
leading  medical  societies  and  other  insti 
tutions. 

CHENOWITH.  F.  A.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Ohio.  He  was  appointed  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  court  for  the  ter 
ritory  of  Washington. 

CHERRY,  WILLIAM  JOHN,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  id,  1859,  in  Chester 
county,  South  Carolina.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  his  native  state  at  Newberry  col 
lege;  and  in  1881  began  educational  work, 
subsequently  adopting  law  as  his  profes 
sion.  Since  1885  he  has  practiced  law  in 
Rock  Hill,  S.  C.,  where  ue  has  been  city 
attorney  for  a  number  of  years,  and  is  the 
legal  adviser  and  attorney  for  a  number 
of  large  corporations;  and  is  also  very 
prominent  in  politics.  He  has  given  con 
siderable  time  to  newspaper  work,  and  is 
the  author  of  a  work  entitled  A  Hand- 
Book  of  Rock  Hill. 

CHESbcRO.  CAROLINE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1820  in  Canandai 
gua,  N.  Y.  She  was  a  writer  of  stories  and 
sketches  who  was  during  the  latter  part 
of  her  life  a  teacher  in  the  Packer  insti 
tute  of  Brooklyn.  Her  writing  displays 
much  individuality,  and  the  novel,  The 
Foe  in  the  Household,  her  finest  work,  is 
a  careful  study  of  some  unfamiliar  phases 
of  Pennsylvania  life.  Her  other  works 
include  The  Beautiful  Gate  and  Other 
Sketches;  Peter  Carradine;  The  Children 
of  Light;  Susan,  the  Fisherman's  Daugh 
ter;  The  Little  Cross  Bearers;  Dream- 
Land  by  Daylight;  Philly  and  Kit;  Vic 
toria:  Amy  Carr;  and  The  Glen  Cabin. 
She  died  Feb.  16,  1873.  in  Piermont,  N.  Y. 


CHESEBROUGH,  AMOS  SHEFFIELD, 
D.  D.,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
22,  1813,  in  Stonington,  Conn.  In  1835  he 
graduated  from  Yale  university;  and 
from  Yale  Theological  seminary  in  1840. 
He  has  been  pastor  of  congregational 
churches  in  Chester,  Glastonbury  and 
Durham,  Conn.;  and  previously  was  prin 
cipal  of  Had  ley  and  Westfield  academies. 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
corporation  of  ifale  university,  and  au 
thor  of  several  works  on  Church  Work 
and  Christian  Nurture. 

CHESEBROUGH,  ELLIS  SYLVESTER, 
civil  engineer,  was  uorn  July  6,  1813,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  In  1855  he  became  en 
gineer  for  the  Chicago  board  of  sewerage 
commissioners,  and  in  that  capacity 
planned  the  sewerage  system  of  the  city. 
In  1879  he  resigned  the  officer  of  commis 
sioner  of  public  works.  He  achieved  a 
high  reputation  as  an  authority  on  the 
water  supply  and  sewage  of  cities,  and  in 
that  capacity  was  consulted  by  the  offi 
cials  of  New  York,  Boston,  Cambridge. 
Toronto,  Detroit,  Memphis,  Milwaukee, 
and  other  cities.  In  1877-78  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  American  society  of  civil  en 
gineers.  He  died  Aug.  19,  1886,  in  Chi 
cago,  111. 

CHESEBROUGH,  ROBERT  AUGUS 
TUS,  manufacturer,  inventor,  was  born 
Jan.  9,  1837,  in  England.  As  a  result  of 
continual  e  x  p  e  r  i- 
ments  in  distilling 
and  filtering  petro 
leum,  he  discovered 
and  patented,  in 
1870,  the  substance 
now  known  as  vas 
eline.  In  1881  he 
erected  the  huge  of- 
fice  building,  which 
bears  his  name,  in 
New  York  city.  He 
introduced  heating 
and  ventilating  ap 
pliances  of  his  own  invention  into  this 
structure;  and  these  have  since  attracted 
wide  attention  among  architects  and  own 
ers.  The  Real  Estate  exchange  origin 
ated  with  him. 

CHESHIRE,  JOSEPH  BLOUNT,  bishop 
of  North  Carolina,  author,  was  born 
March  27,  1850,  in  Tarborough,  N.  C.  He 
has  published  several  valuable  mono 
graphs.  Among  his  works  are:  Early 
Conventions  of  the  uhurch  in  North  Caro 
lina;  Fragments  of  North  Carolina 
Church  History;  The  Church  in  the 
Province  of  North  Carolina;  Decay  and 
Revival;  and  Parson  Miller  and  White 
Haven  Church. 

CHESNEY,  ELIJAH,  clergyman,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  May  29,  1842,  in 
Dumfries,  Ontario,  Canada.  He  graduat 
ed  with  honors  in 
the  classical  course 
from  the  Woodstock 
college  in  1864;  and 
completed  the  full 
theological  course  of 
studies  in  the  same 
institution.  He  has 
filled  pastorates  in 
Canada  and  Michi 
gan;  he  has  many 
times  held  the  posi 
tion  of  moderator 
and  president  of  re 
ligious  councils,  associations  and  conven 
tions;  and  by  appointment  preached  ser 
mons  and  delivered  addresses  at  such  as 
semblies.  For  twelve  years  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Michigan  state  home 
mission  board  in  connection  with  the 
baptist  state  convention,  and  was  for  sev 
eral  years  its  secretary. 


212 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CHESTER,  ALBERT  HUNTINGTON, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1843, 
in  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  and  metallurgy  at 
Hamilton  college,  and  the  author  of  Dic 
tionary  of  the  Names  of  Minerals;  and 
Catalogue  of  Minerals  with  their  Chemi 
cal  Composition  and  Synonyms. 

CHESTER,  FREDERICK  DIXON 
WALTHALL,  geologist,  was  born  Oct.  8, 
1861,  in  West  Indies.  He  is  a  geologist 
of  Delaware  who  has  written  many  mon 
ographs  upon  local^tate  geology. 

CHESTER,  JOHN,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1749,  in  Wethers- 
field,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  legislature  in  1772,  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  captain  at  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill,  became  a  colonel,  and  con 
tinued  in  the  continental  army  until  1777. 
Afterward  he. sat  in  the  Connecticut  leg 
islature,  in  which  he  was  chosen  spean- 
er;  was  a  member  of  the  council  in  1788- 
91  and  1803;  supervisor  of  the  district  of 
Connecticut  from  1791  to  1801.  He  died 
Nov.  4,  1809,  in  Wethersfield,  Conn. 

CHESTER,  JOSEPH  LEMUEL,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  April  30,  1821,  in 
Norwich.  Conn.  He  was  a  Philadelphia 
journalist  who  went  to  England  in  1858, 
living  in  London,  and  devoting  himself  to 
antiquarian  research  till  he  became  one 
of  the  most  famous  genealogists  of  his 
clay.  His  own  writings  include  Green 
wood  Cemetery  and  Other  Poems;  Treat 
ise  on  the  Laws  of  Repulsion;  Education 
al  Laws  of  Virginia:  the  personal  narra 
tive  of  Margaret  Douglass,  imprisoned  for 
the  crime  of  teaching  free  colored  cnil- 
dren  to  read;  John  Rogers,  the  Compiler 
of  the  English  Bible;  and  Preliminary  In 
vestigation  of  the  Alleged  Ancestry  of 
George  Washington.  His  most  important 
antiquarian  work  is  an  edition  of  the 
Marriage,  Baptismal,  and  Burial  Regis 
ters  of  Westminster  Abbey,  with  notes, 
on  which  he  spent  seventeen  years'  labor. 
He  edited  also  the  parish  registers  of  six 
London  city  churches.  He  died  May  28, 
1882,  in  London,  England. 

CHESTERMAN,  ALONZO  DECATUR, 
A.  M.,  educator,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1840, 
in  Hanover  county,  Va.  In  1860  he  grad 
uated  from  the  Hampden  Sidney  college, 
Virginia.  He  has  been  principal  of  the 
Florence  academy,  Alabama;  principal  of 
the  Marshall  state  normal  college,  West 
Virginia;  principal  of  the  Holly  Springs 
normal  institute,  and  of  the  classical 
school,  Mississippi. 

CHESTNUT,  JAMES,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1815,  in 
Camden,  S.  C.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1842-52;  from  1854  to 
3858  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate; 
and  was  appointed  to  the  United  States 
senate,  taking  his  seat  during  the  second 
session  of  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

CHETLAIN.  AUGUSTA 'LOUIS,  soldier, 
banker,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1824,  in  St. 
Louis.  Mo.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  of  Galena,  111.;  became  a  mer 
chant  in  that  city;  and  was  the  first  vol 
unteer  at  a  meeting  held  in  response  to 
the  president's  call  after  the  bombard 
ment  of  Fort  Sumter  in  1861.  He  was 
commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  In  the 
twelfth  regiment  Illinois  infantry;  and  in 
1863  was  promoted  brigadier-general.  He 
raised  a  force  of  seventeen  thousand 
men,  for  which  service  he  was  brevetted 
major-general:  and  served  gallantly  for 
five  years  in  the  war.  During  1867-69  he 
was  assessor  of  internal  revenue  for  the 
district  of  Utah;  and  was  then  appointed 
United  States  consul  at  Brussels.  During 
1872-93  he  was  engaged  as  a  banker  and 
-.stockbroker  in  Chicago. 


CHETWOOD,  JOHN,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  April  28,  1859,  in  Elizabeth,  N. 
J.  He  graduated  from  the  law  school  of 
the  Columbia  college,  and  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  lawyer.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Immigration  Fallacies;  and  has 
contributed  extensively  to  current  litera 
ture. 

CHETWOOD,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1769,  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.  J.  He  at  one  time  served  in  the 
state  council  of  New  Jersey;  and  was 
elected  to  congress  from  that  state,  to  fill 
a  vacancy  during  the  administration  of 
President  Jackson.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1857, 
in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 

CHEVERUS,  JEAN  L.(  Roman  catho 
lic  bishop,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1768,  in 
France.  In  1808  the  diocese  of  Boston 
was  created,  and  in  1810  he  was  conse 
crated  first  bishop  of  Boston.  In  1818  he 
purchased  and  dedicated  St.  Augustine's, 
the  first  catholic  cemetery  in  Boston.  In 
1823  he  returned  to  France,  and  in  1836 
was  proclaimed  a  cardinal.  He  died  July 
19,  1836. 

CHEVES,  LANGDON.  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1776,  in 
Rocky  River,  S.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  in  1808;  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1809;  and  afterward  attor 
ney-general  of  the  state.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  South  Caro 
lina  from  1811  to  1816,  and  was  speaker 
during  the  second  session  of  the  thir 
teenth  congress.  He  was  also  a  commis 
sioner  of  claims  under  the  treaty  of 
Ghent;  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  from  1816  to  1819,  and  for  a  time 
president  of  the  United  States  bank.  He 
died  June  25,  1857,  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

CHEW,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  29,  1722,  in  West  River, 
Md.  In  1774  he  became  chief  justice  of 
the  state  of  Pennsylvania.  For  several 
years  was  speaker  in  the  house  of  dele 
gates;  and  in  1790  was  appointed  presi 
dent  of  the  high  court  of  errors  and  ap 
peals.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1810. 

CHICKERING,  CHARLES  A.,  educator, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  26,  1843,  in  Harrisburg,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  in  1879, 
1880,  and  1881;  was  elected  clerk  of  the 
assembly  in  1884,  and  re-elected  in  1885- 
90.  He  nas  been  chairman  of  the  repub 
lican  county  committee  of  Lewis  county, 
secretary  of  the  republican  state  commit 
tee,  and  also  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  that  body.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty- 
fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

CHICKERING,  JESSE,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1797,  in  Dover,  N. 
H.  He  was  a  Boston  physician  who  was  a 
Unitarian  minister  in  his  earlier  career, 
and  later  became  a  noted  writer  on  politi 
cal  economy.  He  was  the  author  of  Sta 
tistical  View  of  the  Population  of  Massa 
chusetts,  1765-1840;  Emigration  into  the 
United  States;  Reports  on  the  Census  of 
Boston;  and  Letter  to  the  President  on 
Slavery  in  Relation  to  Constitutional 
Government  in  Great  Britain  and  the 
United  States.  He  died  May  29,  1855,  in 
West  Roxbury,  Mass. 

CHICKERING,  JOHN  WHITE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1808,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Portland,  Maine,  in  1835-65.  and 
the  author  of  What  it  is  to  Believe  in 
Christ,  a  very  widely  circulated  tract; 
and  The  Hillside  Church. 

CHICKERING.  JONAS,  manufacturer, 
inventor,  was  born  April  5,  1797,  in  New 
Ipswich,  N.  H.  He  manufactured  Chlck- 
ering  pianos;  and  invented  various  im 


provements.  He  died  Dec.  8,  1853.  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

CHICKERING,  THOMAS  EDWARD, 
soldier,  manufacturer,  was  born  Oct.  22, 
1824,  in  Boston,  Mass.  The  Chickerings 
developed  a  piano  of  brilliant  quality, 
which  vied  with  the  Steinway  piano  for 
the  favor  of  musicians  and  the  public, 
and  has  been  practically  the  only  Ameri 
can  rival  of  the  Steinway  among  those 
who  are  content  with  nothing  less  than 
first-class  instruments.  The  principal 
salesroom  of  the  firm  was  in  New  York 
city.  In  1862  he  left  Boston  in  command 
of  the  forty-first  Massachusetts  volun 
teers,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general.  He  died 
Feb.  14,  1871,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CHILCOTT,  GEORGE  MILES,  lawyer, 
legislator,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Jan.  2,  1828,  in  Huntingdon,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  to  the  territorial  legislature. 
In  1859  he  settled  in  Colorado;  in  1861 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  that  ter 
ritory;  in  1862  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  the  same;  and  in  1863  was  appointed 
a  register  of  the  land  office,  serving  four 
years.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  delegate 
from  Colorado  to  the  fortieth  congress; 
and  in  1882  was  appointed  a  United  States 
senator  from  Colorado,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
He  died  March  6,  1891,  in  St.  Ixmis,  Mo. 

CHILD,  DAVID  LEE,  journalist,  was 
born  July  8,  1794,  in  West  Boylston,  Mass. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1817; 
was  secretary  of  legation  in  Lisbon  about 
1820,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
edited  the  Massachusetts  Journal  about 
1830,  and  while  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture  denounced  the  annexation  of  Texas, 
afterward  publishing  a  pamphlet  on  the 
subject,  entitled  Naboth's  Vineyard.  With 
his  wife  he  edited  the  Anti-Slavery 
Standard  in  New  York  in  1843-44.  He  was 
distinguished  for  the  independence  of  his 
character,  and  the  boldness  with  which 
he  denounced  social  wrongs.  He  died 
Sept.  18,  1874,  in  Wayland.  Mass. 

CHILD,  FRANCIS  JAMES,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1825,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  He  was  a  professor  at  Harvard 
university  in  1851-96,  and  the  foremost 
authority  upon  all  matters  pertaining  to 
ballad  literature.  He  edited  the  Ameri 
can  edition  of  The  British  Poets,  in  136 
volumes;  English  and  Scottish  Popular 
Ballads;  The  Debate  between  the  Body 
and  the  Soul,  and  other  specimens  of  me 
diaeval  literature.  As  a  Chaucerian  schol 
ar  he  had  few  equals.  He  was  the  author 
of  Observations  on  the  Language  of  Chau 
cer;  and  Observations  on  the  Language 
of  Gower's  Confessio  Amantis. 

CHILD,  MRS.  LYDIA  MARIA,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1802,  in  Medford,  Mass. 
She  was  a  famous  writer  whose  literary 
career  began  with  the  publication  of  Ho- 
bomok,  a  Tale  of  Early  Times,  in  1821. 
and  closed  with  Aspirations  of  the  World, 
in  1878.  In  1833  she  sacrificed  much  of 
her  popularity  by  her  Appeal  for  that 
Class  of  Americans  Called  Africans,  and 
was  ever  after  prominent  as  an  abolition 
ist,  assisting  her  husband  in  editing  the 
National  Anti-Slavery  Standard.  Among 
her  other  works  are  included  The  Rebels, 
a  novel  in  which  occurs  a  speech  by  James 
Otis  and  a  sermon  by  Whitefield,  long 
supposed  to  be  real  and  not  imaginary; 
The  First  Settlers  of  New  England;  The 
Mothers  Book;  The  Girl's  Book;  Philo- 
thea,  a  Greek  romance;  The  Power  of 
Kindness;  Isaac  T.  Hopper,  a  True  Life, 
a  popular  biography  of  a  noted  Quaker 
abolitionist;  The  Progress  of  Religious 
Ideas:  Autumnal  Leaves:  Looking  To 
ward  Sunset;  The  Freedman's  Book:  and 
Mlria.  a  Romance  of  the  Republic.  She 
died  Oct.  20,  1880.  in  Wayland,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


21  :i 


CHILDS,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1829,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.  He  was  a  noted  journalist 

of  Philadelphia  who 

established  the  Pub 
lic  Ledger  in  1864, 
and  was  the  author 
of  Recollections  of 
General  Grant;  and 
Personal  Recollec 
tions.  For  nearly 
two  years,  in  1842- 
43,  he  was  an  ap 
prentice  on  board 
the  ship  Pennsyl 
vania  of  the  United 
States  navy.  In  1850 
he  became  a  member  of  the  publishing 
firm  of  Peterson  and  Co.,  which  was 
changed  to  Childs  and  Peterson.  In  1864 
he  purchased  The  Public  .Ledger  of  Phila 
delphia.  As  a  philanthropist  he  was  very 
liberal;  and  gave  freely  of  his  means  to 
many  charitable  institutions.  He  died 
Feb.  3,  1894,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CHILDS,  HENRY  HALSEY,  physician, 
was  born  June  7,  1783,  in  Pittsfield.  Mass. 
He  organized  the  Berkshire  medical  insti 
tute,  which  became  a  college  in  1837,  and 
of  which  he  was  professor  of  the  theory 
and  practice  of  medicine,  and  president 
until  1863.  He  represented  Pittsfield  in 
the  legislature  of  1816  and  1827;  in  the 
constitutional  convention  of  1820;  state 
senator  in  1837,  and  was  lieutenant  gover 
nor  of  Massachusetts  in  1843.  He  died 
March  22,  1868,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CHILDS,  HENRY  WARREN,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  24,  1848,  in  Belgium,  N.  Y. 
In  1887  he  was  appointed  assistant  attor 
ney-general  and  took  up  his  residence  in 
St.  Paul,  Minn.  In  1892  he  was  elected 
attorney-general;  and  in  1894  was  re- 
elected  to  the  same  office. 

CHILDS,  JOHN  LEWIS,  horticulturist, 
journalist,  was  born  May  13,  1856.  He  es 
tablished  The  Mayflower,  which  is  made 
up  of  the  prominent  floriculturists,  horti 
culturists  and  agriculturists  in  the  world. 

CHILDS,  ORVILLE  WHITMORE,  en 
gineer,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1802,  in  Still- 
water,  N.  Y.  He  was  chief  engineer  of 
the  Terre  Haute  and  Alton  railroad  in 
1855-58,  and  was  afterward  employed  by 
the  state  to  fix  the  boundaries  of  the  city 
and  county  of  New  York.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Central  Transportation  com 
pany  and  of  the  Philadelphia  car-works. 
He  died  Sept.  6,  1870,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CHILDS,  ROBERT  A.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  22,  1845,  in 
Malone,  N.  Y.  He  enlisted  in  General 
Stephen  A.  Hurlbut's  company,  which 
subsequently  became  a  part  of  the  fif 
teenth  Illinois  infantry  volunteers,  and 
served  throughout  the  war.  In  1884  he 
was  presidential  elector;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

CHILDS,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  from  that  state  during  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress. 

CHILDS,  TIMOTHY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  assembly  of  New  York  in  1828 
and  1833;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1829  to 
1831,  from  1835  to  1839,  and.  again  from 
1841  to  1843.  He  died  in  November,  1847, 
in  Santa  Cruz. 

CHILDS,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1841,  In  Paris, 
Ky.  This  eminent  lawyer  was  a  member 
of  the  Montana  territorial  legislature  in 
1866;  and  became  president  of  the  upper 
house  the  following  year. 


CHILES,  MRS.  MARY  ELIZA,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1820,  in  Kentucky. 
Among  her  writings  are  Louisa  Elton,  a 
reply  to  Uncle  Tom;  Bandits  of  Italy; 
Oswyn  Dudley;  and  Select  Poems. 

CHILLSON,  WILLIAM  DEEL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1825,  in  Ticonde- 
roga,  N.  Y.  In  early  life  he  was  steam 
engineer  and  steam  sawmill  builder,  and 
sawed  the  first  board  cut  by  steam  power 
in  Minnesota,  at  St.  Paul,  in  1850.  He  has 
traveled  and  lectured  on  Science  and  the 
Bible,  and  is  the  author  of  a  religious 
work.  He  has  attained  success  in  the 
practice  of  law,  and  has  twice  filled  the 
office  of  county  judge. 

CHILSON,  GARDNER,  inventor,  was 
born  in  1804,  in  Thompson,  Conn.  He 
went  to  Boston  in  1837,  and  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  stoves  and  furnaces 
at  Mansfield,  Mass.  As  early  as  1844  he 
devised  a  furnace  that  received  a  prize 
medal  at  the  London  world's  fair  in  1851. 
Among  his  numerous  inventions  are  coni 
cal  radiators,  applied  to  stoves  and  fur 
naces.  He  died  Nov.  21,  1877. 

CHILTON,  HORACE,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  Tyler,  Tex. 
He  was  a  delegate  at  large  from  Texas  to 
the  national  democratic  convention  at  St. 
Louis  in  1888;  and  served  one  term  as  as 
sistant  attorney-general  of  Texas  by  ap 
pointment.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  without  practical  opposi 
tion,  as  the  successor  of  Hon.  Richard 
Coke.  His  term  of  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1901. 

CHILTON,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1804,  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1843  to  1845;  and  after 
retiring  from  congress  was  a  member  of 
the  state  constitutional  convention.  He 
died  Jan.  14,  1867,  in  Fauquier  county,  Va. 

CHILTON,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  was 
born  July  30,  1798,  in  Garrard  county,  Ky. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  state 
legislature  for  several  sessions,  and  for 
four  terms  a  member  of  congress  from 
Kentucky,  during  1829-37.  While  prac 
ticing  law  with  success  he  became  a  bap 
tist  preacher,  and  moved  to  Alabama,  and 
was  elected  president  of  the  Alabama 
baptist  state  convention,  and  soon  aban 
doned  the  law.  He  died  Aug.  15,  1854,  in 
Montgomery,  Tex. 

CHILTON,  WILLIAM  P.,  jurist,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He 
was,  at  different  times,  a  member  of  each 
house  of  the  Alabama  legislature.  In 
1848  he  was  elected  to  the  supreme  court 
of  Alabama,  serving  part  of  the  time  as 
chief  justice  for  a  term  of  ten  years.  Dur 
ing  the  existence  of  the  confederate  gov 
ernment,  1861-65,  he  was  a  member  of  its 
congress.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1871,  in  Ala 
bama. 

CHINN,  JOSEPH  W.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1831  to  1835.  He  died  Dec. 
5,  1840,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

CHINN,  THOMAS  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Louisiana 
from  1839  to  1841. 

CHIPMAN,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  22.  1765,  in 
Salisbury,  Conn.  He  was  for  many  years 
in  the  legislature,  and  was  frequently 
speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives 
of  his  state.  He  was  a  member  of  the  last 
state  constitutional  convention;  was  the 
first  reporter  of  the  decisions  of  the  su 
preme  court,  and  author  of  an  able  work 
on  Law  Contracts  for  the  Sale  of  Spe 
cific  Articles.  He  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  1815  to  1817.  He  died  April 
23,  1850,  in  Ripton,  Vt. 


CHIPMAN.  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1785.  in  Vermont.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  United  States  for 
the  territory  of  Michigan;  removed  to 
Detroit,  and  from  that  time  until  his 
death  was  one  of  the  most  influential  citi 
zens  of  the  state.  He  died  April  27,  1867, 
in  Detroit,  Mich. 

CHIPMAN,  J.  LOGAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  June  5,  1830,  in 
Detroit,  Mich.  In  1856  he  was  elected  city 
attorney  of  Detroit,  and  held  that  position 
till  1861.  In  1863  he  was  elected  to  the 
Michigan  legislature;  and  in  1865  was  ap 
pointed  attorney  of  the  police  board  of 
Detroit.  In  1879  he  was  elected  judge  of 
the  superior  court  of  Detroit,  to  which  po 
sition  he  was  re-elected  at  the  end  of  six 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fif 
ty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

CHIPMAN,  JOHN  S.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Vermont.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Michigan  from  1845 
to  1847;  and  subsequently  moved  to  Cali 
fornia. 

CHIPMAN,  MARCELLUS  A.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1852,  in  Nobles- 
ville,  Ind.  In  1873  he  graduated  from  the 
law  school  of  the  Indiana  state  universi 
ty,  receiving  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  In 
1882  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  Madi 
son  circuit  court,  Indiana,  which  position 
he  filled  with  distinction  for  eight  years; 
and  out  of  over  twelve  hundred  cases 
tried  and  decided,  only  two  were  re 
versed  by  the  supreme  court.  He  is  the 
grand  master  of  the  grand  lodge  of  Odd 
Fellows  of  the  state  of  Indiana. 

CHIPMAN,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  educator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  15, 
1752,  in  Salisbury,  Conn.  He  was  professor 
of  law  for  twenty-eight  years  in  Middle- 
bury  college.  In  1786  he  was  elected  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court;  in  1789  was 
chosen  chief  justice;  and  in  1791  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  United  States  district 
court.  He  was  subsequently  again  elected 
chief  justice;  and  from  1797  to  1803  was  a 
member  of  the  United  States  senate  from 
Vermont.  In  1793  he  published  Sketches 
of  the  Principles  of  Government;  and  Re 
ports  and  Dissertations.  He  died  Feb.  13, 
1843,  in  Tinmouth,  Vt. 

CHIPMAN,  NORTON  P.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  7,  1834, 
in  Milford  Centre,  Ohio.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  was  brevetted  brigadier-gen 
eral;  and  settled  at  Washington  city, 
where  he  had  previously  been  on  duty  for 
two  years.  He  was  appointed  secretary 
of  the  territorial  government  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia  at  its  organization;  and 
was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  forty-sec 
ond  and  forty-third  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

CHISHOLM,  ALEXANDER  R..  soldier, 
journalist,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1834,  in 
Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  served  in  the  civil  war 
as  a  confederate  soldier;  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  colonel.  In  1869  he  removed  to 
New  York  city,  and  established  The  Fi 
nancial  and  Mining  Record,  in  connection 
with  a  bond  and  stock  brokerage  busi 
ness. 

CHISHOLM,  WALTER  SCOTT,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1836,  in  Colum 
bus,  Ga.  He  was  judge  of  Savannah  city 
court  during  1863-78;  was  president  of  the 
Alabama  Midland  railroad;  and  director 
of  a  number  of  business  corporations.  He 
died  Dec.  5,  1890,  in  New  YorK. 

CHISHOLM,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer, 
inventor,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1825,  in  Fife- 
shire,  Ohio.  He  invented  machinery  for 
the  manufacture  of  steel  shovels,  spades 
and  scoops;  and  established  The  Chis- 
holm  steel  shovel  works  of  Cleveland. 


214 


HKHRINGSHAW8    ENCYCU>PKL>1  A     OK    A.MKRICAX    BIOGRAPHY. 


CHITTENDEN,  EZRA  P.,  educator, 
clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  22,  18a'l, 
in  Westbrook,  Conn.  As  an  educator  he 
has  been  professor  of  mental  and  physical 
sciences  in  the  St.  John's  school  of  Salina, 
Kan.;  and  he  has  filled  many  important 
pastorates  in  the  congregational  church. 
The  work  of  his  life  is  The  Pleroma,  a 
Poem  of  the  Christ,  the  brilliancy  of 
which  proves  him  to  be  a  musical  and 
scholarly  poet. 

CHITTENDEN,  LUCIUS  EUGENE, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1824,  in  Ver 
mont.  He  is  the  author  of  Personal  Remi 
niscences;  Recollections  of  Lincoln  and 
his  Administration;  An  Unknown  He 
roine,  an  historical  episode  of  the  war 
between  the  states;  and  The  Capture  of 
Ticonderoga. 

CHITTENDEN,  MARTIN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  March  12, 
1769,  in  Salisbury,  Conn.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  that  adopted  the 
United  States  constitution;  in  1790  was 
elected  county  clerk  and  representative, 
to  which  position  he  was  re-elected  for 
six  years  successively,  and  also  at  occa 
sional  subsequent  intervals.  He  was  judge 
of  the  county  court  from  1793  to  1795; 
chief  justice  from  1796  to  1803;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1803  to 
1813.  He  was  governor  of  Vermont  in 
1813  and  1814;  and  was  judge  of  probate 
in  1821  and  1822.  He  died  Sept.  5  1841 
in  Williston,  Vt. 

CHITTENDEN,  RUSSELL  HENRY, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1856, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  is  a  professor 
of  chemistry  in  the  Sheffield  scientific 
school  at  Yale  university,  and  the  author 
of  Studies  from  the  Laboratory  of  Physi 
ology  and  Chemistry  in  Sheffield  Scien 
tific  School;  and  On  Digestive  Proteolysis. 

CHITTENDEN,  SIMEON  BALDWIN, 
railroad  president,  congressman,  was  born 
March  29,  1814,  in  Guilford,  Conn.  He 
was  vice-president  of  the  New  York  Cham 
ber  of  Commerce  from  1867  to  1869;  one 
of  the  directors  in  the  Continental  bank, 
and  New  London  Shore-Line  Railroad  of 
Connecticut.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third  congress,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth 
and  forty-sixth  congresses.  He  died  April 
14,  1889,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

CHITTENDEN,  SIMEON  DUDLEY, 
railroad  manager,  was  born  July  20  185l' 
in  Guilford,  Conn.  During  1873-94  he  was 
connected  with  the  Delaware,  Lackawan- 
na  and  Western  railroad;  and  since  1895 
has  been  general  manager  of  the  Carra- 
belle,  Tallahassee  and  Georgia  railroad. 

CHITTENDEN,  T.  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the 
twenty-sixth  and  twenty-seventh  con 
gresses. 

CHITTENDEN,  THOMAS,  soldier,  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1730 
in  East  Guilford,  Conn.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  representative  in  the  legislature 
and  justice  of  the  peace.  In  1774  he  moved 
to  the  New  Hampshire  grants,  as  Vermont 
was  then  called,  and  settled  at  Williston, 
on  the  Onion  river.  He  rendered  service 
to  the  state  in  the  councils  during  the  rev 
olution;  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
in  1777  which  declared  Vermont  an  inde 
pendent  state,  and  was  one  of  the  commis 
sioners  to  solicit  admission  into  the  con 
federacy.  In  1777  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention;  president 
of  the  council  of  safety;  and  in  1778  was 
chosen  governor  of  the  state,  and.  with 
the  exception  of  one  year,  filled  that  office 
until  his  death.  He  died  Aug.  24,  1797,  in 
Williston.  Vt. 


CHITTICK,  OLIVER  USHER  FUN- 
STON,  clergyman,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1870, 
in  Canada.  He  received  a  thorough  col 
legiate  education;  has  attained  distinc 
tion  as  an  eloquent  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  church,  and  now  fills  a  pastor 
ate  in  Washta,  Iowa. 

CHIVERS,  THOMAS  HOLLEY,  physi 
cian,  poet,  was  born  in  1807.  He  was  a 
Georgia  physician  and  poet,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Virginalia,  or  Songs  of  My  Sum 
mer  Nights;  Atlanta,  a  Paul  Epic  in 
Three  Lustra;  and  The  Lost  Pleiad.  He 
died  in  1858. 

CHOATE,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1796.  He  served  in  both  branches 
of  the  Massachusetts  legislature.  He  held 
the  office  of  trial  justice  for  many  years 
in  Essex,  and  was  an  active  supporter 
of  benevolent  institutions.  He  died  Dec. 
15,  1872,  in  Essex,  Mass. 

CHOATE,  ISAAC  BASSETT,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  July  12,  1833,  in  Naples, 
Maine.  He  is  an  educator  of  Boston,  and 
the  author  of  Elements  of  English  Speech; 
and  Wells  of  English. 

CHOATE,  JOSEPH  HODGES,  lawyer, 
was  born  Jan.  24,  1832,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
As  one  of  the  old  committee  of  seventy, 
which  routed  the  Tweed  ring,  he  obtained 
the  reinstatement  of  Gen.  Fitz  John  Por 
ter  to  his  rank  in  the  army  after  a  pro 
longed  struggle,  and  successfully  de 
fended  the  Ce.snola  collection  of  ancient 
statuary  in  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of 
Art  against  imputations  affecting  its  in 
tegrity. 

CHOATE,  RUFUS,  lawyer,  statesman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1799,  in  Essex, 
Mass.  In  1825  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature; 
and  in  1827  was  in 
the  senate  of  the 
same  state.  In  1832 
he  was  elected  a 
member  of  congress 
from  the  Essex  dis 
trict;  declined  a  re 
election  in  1834,  and 
removed  to  Boston, 
to  devote  himself  to 
his  profession.  On 
the  retirement  of  Mr. 
Webster  from  the  senate,  Mr.  Choate  was 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  He  was  the 
author  of  Addresses  and  Orations.  He 
died  July  13,  1850,  in  Halifax,  N.  S. 

CHOATE,  WILLIAM  GARDINER,  jur 
ist,  was  born  about  1830  in  Massachusetts. 
For  some  time  he  was  United  States  judge 
of  the  southern  district  of  New  York,  an 
office  which  he  resigned  to  resume  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  New  York 
city. 

CHOPE,  EDWARD  B.,  soldier,  entomol 
ogist,  was  born  in  1839,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 
He  served  three  years  in  the  army  during 
the  civil  war;  and  was  severely  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  In  1888  he 
became  connected  with  the  Milwaukee 
Public  museum,  and  since  1896  with  the 
Field  Columbian  museum  of  Chicago;  and 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  noted  ento 
mologist. 

CHOPIN,  MRS.  KATE,  author,  was  born 
in  1851  in  Missouri.  She  is  a  writer  of  St. 
Louis,  and  the  author  of  Bayou  Folk; 
and  At  Fault,  a  novel. 

CHOULES,  JOHN  OVERTON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1801,  in 
England.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of 
Newport,  and  the  author  of  History  of 
Missions;  Christian  Offering;  Young 
Americans  Abroad;  and  Cruise  of  Steam 
Yacht  North  Star.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1856, 
in  New  York  city. 


CHOUTEAU,  PIERRE,  fur  merchant. 
About  1806  he  visited  Dubuque  in  a  canoe 
to  trade  with  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians. 
Several  other  large  dealers  in  furs  were 
at  times  the  partners  of  Mr.  Chouteau. 
among  them,  John  Jacob  Astor  of  New 
York.  In  1834  his  associates  and  he  pur 
chased  Mr.  Astor's  interest  in  the  Ameri 
can  Fur  company. 

CHRISMAN,  JAMES  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  constitutional  convention  of  that 
state  in  1849:  and  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1853  to  1855.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  executive  council  of  the  state 
from  1861  to  1865,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  confederate  congress  during  its  ex 
istence. 

CHRISTENSEN,  CHRISTIAN  T..  sol 
dier,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1832,  in  Denmark. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  attained 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  In  1890  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Brooklyn 
Trust  company. 

CHRISTIAN,  GEORGE  CLARK,  soldier, 
lawyer,  lecturer,  politician,  was  born  Feb. 
20,  1841,  in  Elkton,  Ky.  He  served  during 
the  war  in  the  confederate  army,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  politics,  and 
was  for  many  years  one  of  the  leaders  of 
the  prohibition  party  in  the  United  States. 
For  twenty  years  he  was  professor  of 
medical  jurisprudence  and  insanity  in  the 
Bennett  Medical  college  of  Chicago,  and 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  that  insti 
tution.  He  founded  the  Inter-State  Sum 
mer  Normal  and  Educational  assembly 
of  Eureka  Springs,  Ark.,  and  was  its  man 
ager  for  three  years. 

CHRISTIAN,  GEORGE  HENRY,  miller, 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1839,  in  Alabama.  In 
1867  he  moved  from  Chicago  to  Minneap 
olis;  and  later,  with  C.  C.  Washburn,  en 
gaged  extensively  in  the  flouring  indus 
try  there.  The  business  was  conducted 
under  the  name  of  Geo.  H.  Christian  and 
Co.  until  1875,  when  the  senior  partner 
retired,  and  his  properties  were  trans 
ferred  to  the  Northwestern  Consolidated 
Milling  company.  He  is  now  president 
and  chief  owner  of  the  Hardwood  Manu 
facturing  company  of  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

CHRISTIAN,  JOSEPH,  state  senator, 
jurist,  was  born  July  10,  1828,  in  Middlesex 
county,  Va.  Before  and  during  the  war 
he  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  at  its  close  he  was  made  a 
district  judge,  and  soon  advanced  to  the 
supreme  court  of  appeals.  His  name  has 
been  prominent  as  a  candidate  for  the 
United  States  senate,  and  also  for  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  United  States. 

CHRISTIANCY,  ISAAC  P..  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  March,  1812,  in 
Johnstown,  N.  Y.  He  was  prosecuting 
attorney  for  Monroe  county,  and  in  1848 
attended  the  free  soil  convention  in  Buf 
falo.  In  1849  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate;  in  1852  was  the  candidate  for  gov 
ernor  of  the  free  soil  party,  and  was  a 
prime  mover  in  the  political  combinations 
of  1854.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  convention  of  1856,  and  soon  after 
wards  purchased  The  Monroe  Commer 
cial  and  became  its  editor.  In  1857  he 
was  elected  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  state,  and  in  1865  re-elected  for 
eight  years  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  all 
parties.  He  served  as  an  officer  on  the 
staffs  of  Generals  A.  A.  Humphreys  and 
G.  A.  Custer  during  the  rebellion;  and 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Michigan  for  the  term  ending  in  1881,  and 
resigned  in  January,  1879,  to  accept  the 
appointment  of  United  States  minister  to 
Peru.  He  died  Sept.  8.  1890,  in  Lansing, 
Mich. 


CHRISTIANSEN,  CHARLES,  clergy 
man.  He  has  attained  eminence  as  a 
prominent  minister  in  the  congregational 
church,  and  has  filled  many  important  pas 
torates  in  Illinois,  and  now  resides  in 
Danway. 


HKRRINCJSHAWS    ENCYCLOPBDIA     OF    AMKRICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


215 


CHRISTIE,     GABRIEL,     congressman 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 

to  "97-  and  from 


CHRISTIE,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier   phy 
sician,  was  born  March  31,  1844    in  Ber 
gen  county,  N.  J.     In  1868  he  graduated 
from  the  Rush  Medical  college  of  Chicago 
111.    He  served  as  a  private  soldier  during 
the  civil  war.    In  1884  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the    national    republican    convention 
bince  1890  he  has  filled  the  chair  of  ma- 
teria  medica  and  principles  of  therapeu 
tics  in  the  Omaha  Medical   college,  Neb 
He  is  a  member   of  the   national,    state, 
district,  and  other  medical  societies;   and 
has   contributed    extensively    to    medical 
literature   and   the   periodical   press   gen 
erally. 

CHRISTY,  EDWIN  P.,  minstrel,  was 
born  in  1815.  He  organized  the  original 
Christy's  Minstrels,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in 
1842,  and  was  afterward  their  manager. 
He  took  the  troupe  to  London,  met  with 
great  success  both  here  and  there,  and 
retired  with  a  fortune  in  1854  He  died 
May  21,  1862,  in  New  York  city. 

CHRISTY,  GEORGE  N.,  minstrel,  was 
born  Nov.  6,  1827,  in  Palmyra,  N.  Y.  He 
made  his  first  appearance  in  Buffalo  in 
1839,  under  E.  P.  Christy's  management. 
After  the  organization  of  the  Christy  min 
strels  he  was  the  star  of  the  troupe,  and 
was  the  original  Lucy  Long  and  Cachuca 
He  died  May  12,  1868,  in  New  York  city. 

CHRISTY,  JOHN  H.,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Georgia 
to  the  fortieth  congress. 

CHRISTY,  SAMUEL  W.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  June  20,  1856,  in  Keokuk, 
county,  Iowa.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  of  the  Nebraska  legislature  in 
1889,  and  in  1896  was  a  delegate  to  the 
republican  national  convention  at  St. 
Louis. 

CHRISTY,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1791,  in  George 
town,  Ky.  He  served  under  Harrison  in 
the  war  of  1812,  and  became  a  merchant 
in  New  Orleans.  He  published  a  Digest  of 
the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Louisiana. 

CHRYSLER,  MORGAN  HENRY,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1826,  in  Ghent,  N. 
Y.  He  was  present  at  the  capture  of 
Mobile,  with  its  surrounding  defences,  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  in  1864,  and 
made  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  and 
brevet  major-general  in  1865. 

CHUBB,  HENRY  STEDMAN,  state  leg^ 
islator,  was  born  March  24,  1858,  in  Edger- 
ton,  Wis.  He  was  director  and  general 
manager  of  the  Heather  Island  Orange 
company;  was  president  of  a  building  and 
loan  association.  He  served  two  years  in 
the  state  legislature;  and  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  council  and  mayor  of  his  town. 

CHUBBUCK,  SAMUEL  W.,  inventor, 
was  born  in  1800  in  Vermont.  He  made,  it 
is  said,  the  first  telegraphic  instrument 
ever  manufactured.  One  of  his  inventions 
was  that  by  which  the  paper  on  the  reel 
could  be  used  forty  times.  The  circuit- 
closer  attachment  to  the  key,  and  the 
famous  pony  sounder,  were  also  invented 
by  him.  He  was  a  collector  of  coins  and 
scientific  instruments,  and  at  one  time 
had  a  coin  collection  valued  at  $30,000. 
He  died  June  28.  1875,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 


CHURCH,  ALBERT  ENSIGN,  educator 
author,  was  born  in  1807  in  Salisbury,' 
Conn.  He  was  a  mathematical  professor 
at  West  Point,  1833-78,  and  the  author  of 
Elements  of  Differential  Calculus;  Ele 
ments  of  the  Calculus  of  Variations;  Ele 
ments  of  Analytical  Geometry;  Elements 
of  Descriptive  Geometry;  and  Elements  of 
Analytical  Trigonometry.  He  died  March 
30,  1878,  in  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

CHURCH,  AUSTIN,  manufacturer  was 
born  Jan.  8,  1799.  in  East  Haddam  Conn 
During  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Ithaca,  Rochester,  Utica  and  Coopers- 
town,  N.  Y.,  he  originated  the  notion  of 
substituting  bi-carbonate  of  soda  in  place 
of  the  kindred  preparation  of  potash  for 
baking  purposes,  and  in  1832  established 
in  Rochester  the  pioneer  factory  in  this 
line.  Success  rewarded  his  enterprise, 
and.  in  1845,  he  removed  the  business  to 
New  York  city,  where  his  firm  of  Church 
and  Co.  rose  during  the  thirty  years  fol 
lowing  to  a  leading  position  in  the  trade. 
He  died  Aug.  7,  1879,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

CHURCH,  BENJAMIN,  soldier  author 
was  born  in  1639  in  Duxbury,  Mass.  He 
was  a  famous  colonial  soldier,  the  con 
queror  of  King  Philip,  and  the  founder  of 
Little  Compton,  Rhode  Island.  Enter 
taining  Passages  Relating  to  Philip's  War 
is  a  personal  narrative  of  his  adventures. 
He  died  Jan.  17,  1718,  in  New  Compton 
R.  I. 

CHURCH,  BENJAMIN,  physician,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1734  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  a  Boston  physician  of  con 
siderable  note  as  a  political  satirist  and 
poet;  and  is  the  author  of  The  Times,  a 
political  satire;  Elegy  on  Dr.  Mayhew; 
Address  to  a  Provincial  Bashaw;  and 
Elegy  on  the  Death  of  Whitefield  He 
died  in  1776. 

CHURCH,  BENJAMIN  SILLIMAN,  civil 
engineer,  was  born  April  17,  1836,  in  Bel- 
videre.  He  has  had  charge  of  the  water 
supply  of  the  city  of  New  York  from 
time  to  time  during  the  past  thirty  years. 
His  greatest  achievement  has  been  the 
projecting  and  constructing  of  the  new 
Croton  aqueduct,  the  source  of  the  water 
supply  of  New  York  city. 

CHURCH,  EDWARD  B.,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1844,  in  Gren- 
ville,  Miss.  In  1880  he  established  the 
Irving  institute  for  the  higher  education 
of  women  at  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

CHURCH,  MRS.  ELLA  RODMAN  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1831  in  New  York.  '  She 
is  a  popular  and  prolific  writer  of  mis 
cellaneous  works,  among  which  are 
Flights  of  Fancy;  Grandmother's  Recol 
lections;  The  Catanese;  Christmas 
Wreath;  Golden  Days;  Flyers  and  Crawl 
ers,  or  Talks  About  Insects;  Talks  by 
the  Seashore;  Among  the  Trees  at  Elm- 
ridge;  Flower  Talks  at  Elmridge;  Home 
Animals;  Some  Useful  Animals;  How  to 
Furnish  a  Home;  and  Money-Making  for 
Ladies. 

CHURCH,  FRANCIS  PHARCELLUS 
journalist,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1839,  in  Roch 
ester,  N.  Y.  He  became  one  of  the  editors 
and  publishers  of  the  Army  and  Navy 
Journal,  and  later,  with  his  brother 
founded  and  edited  the  Galaxy  magazine' 
He  is  also  a  leading  editorial  writer  for 
New  York  daily  journals. 

CHURCH,  FREDERICK  E.,  artist,  was 
born  May  4,  1826,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He 
is  well  known  as  a  landscape  painter 
and  his  View  of  Niagara  Falls,  now  in  the 
Corcoran  art  gallery  of  Washington,  D.  C. 
won  a  prize  at  the  French  exhibition  in 
1867. 


He    paints    in    oil    and    water-color,    and 
draws  in  black  and   white,  and  has  fur 
nished  many  illustrations  for  books  and 
periodicals.     His  principal  works  are  Sea 
•Princess;  Back  from  the  Beach;  Muskrat's 
Foggy    Day;    A    Willing   Captive- 
Retaliation;    Peacocks  in  the  Snow;   The 
Sorceress;    and  Pegasus  Captured. 

CHURCH,  IRVING  PORTER,  educator 
author,  was  born  July  22,  1851,  in  An- 
sonia,  Conn.  He  is  a  professor  of  en 
gineering  at  Cornell  university,  and  the 
author  of  Statics  and  Dynamics  for  En 
gineering  Students;  Mechanics  of  Ma 
terials;  Hydraulics  and  Pneumatics,  three 
works  which  were  afterwards  published 
as  Mechanics  of  Engineering;  and  Notes 
and  Examples  in  Mechanics. 

CHURCH,  JARVIS  S.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  April  2,  1830,  in  Springboro. 
Crawford  county,  Pa.  He  received  his 
education  at  the 
Kingsville  academy, 
Ohio;  and  the  Ober- 
lin  college.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Waterloo,  Iowa, 
in  1857,  and  has  at 
tained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Auburn,  Neb.  For 
three  years  he  was 
county  judge  in  Cer- 
ro  Gordo  county, 
Iowa;  and  ten  years 

served  as  county  judge  of  Nebraska  coun 
ty,  Neb.  His  decisions  have  shown  him  to 
possess  a  clear  legal  mind,  for  judicial 
fairness  and  justice.  He  is  prominent  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

CHURCH,  JOHN  ADAMS,  mining  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  April  5  1843  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Mining  Schools  of  the  United  States; 
Notes  on  a  Metallurgical  Journey  in  Eu 
rope;  The  Comstock  Lode;  Report  on  the 
Striking  of  Artesian  Water;  and  Arizona. 

CHURCH,  LEONARD  C.,  soldier  state 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1846,  in  Wai- 
worth,  Wis.  He  served  during  the  civil 
war  in  company  L,  third  Wisconsin  cav 
alry.  He  was  county  treasurer  for  three 
terms,  and  in  1896  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Wisconsin  state  assembly. 

CHURCH,    LOUIS    KOSSUTH,    lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1846, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.     He  was  the  son  of 
Judge  Rodney  C.  Church,  a  noted  jurist 
of  Brooklyn,  who  died  in  1871.     He  fin 
ished  his  education  in  the  Columbia  Law 
college,   and   became   a   noted    lawyer   in 
New  York  city.     He  served  in  the  state 
legislature  during  1882-85;    was  a  Cleve 
land  reformer,  and  with  Theodore  Roose 
velt  was  active  in  bringing  about  muni 
cipal  reforms.    In  1885  his  name  was  men 
tioned  for  the  office  of  secretary  of  state, 
and   also   for   congress,   but   he   accepted 
from  President  Cleveland  an  appointment 
as  associate  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
in   the   fifth    judicial   district   of   Dakota 
territory.      He    filled   this    position   until 
December,  1886,   when  he  was  appointed 
territorial  governor.    In  1889  he  resigned, 
and  a  year  later  entered  the  practice  of 
law  in  Seattle,  Wash.,  and  in  1891  moved 
to  Everett,  where  he  died  Nov.  25,  1897. 


CHURCH,     FREDERICK     S.,     painter, 
was  born  in  1842  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


CHURCH,  PHARCELLUS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1801,  in  Seneca, 
N.  Y.  He  was  the  author  of  Philosophy  of 
Benevolence;  Religious  Dissensions,  their 
Cause  and  Cure;  Antioch,  or  Increase  of 
Moral  Power  in  the  Church;  Mapleton,  or 
More  Work  for  the  Maine  Law;  Seed- 
Truths;  and  Theodosia.  He  died  June  5, 
1886,  in  Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 


216 


HERKINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CHURCH,  SAMUEL,  HARDEN,  author, 
was  born  in  1858  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is 
the  author  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  a  careful 
historical  study. 

CHURCH,  SANFORD  ELIAS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  April  18,  1815, 
in  Milford,  N.  Y.  In  1842  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  assembly  from  Orleans 
county,  and  from  that  time  he  was  active 
in  the  support  of  the  democratic  party. 
He  was  district  attorney  for  his  county  in 
1846-47,  lieutenant-governor  in  1851-55, 
comptroller  of  the  state,  1858-59,  and  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1867,  serving  as  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  finance.  He  died  May 
14,  1880,  in  Albion,  N.  Y. 

CHURCH,  WILLIAM  CONANT,  soldier, 
journalist,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1836,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Rochester  Collegiate  insti 
tute  and  the  Public  Latin  school  at  Bos 
ton.  During  the  war  he  served  as  cap 
tain  and  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
United  States  volunteers.  He  served  as 
government  inspector  of  the  Northern  Pa 
cific  Railroad  company;  was  vice-com 
mander  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion;  chairman  of  the  committee  to  in 
vestigate  the  care  of  the  insane,  and  has 
filled  various  other  public  positions  of 
honor.  He  is  now  the  editor  of  the  Army 
and  Navy  Journal  of  New  York  city. 

CHURCH,  WILLIAM  E.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1841,  in 
Biooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  enlisted  in  the  union 
army  in  1862,  and  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  captain  and  assistant  adjutant- 
general.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Da 
kota  territory. 

CHURCHILL,  JOHN  CHARLES,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
17,  1821,  in  Mooers,  N.  Y.  From  1857  to 
1859  he  was  the  district  attorney  for  Os- 
wego  county,  and  was  county  judge  of 
the  same  county  from  1860  to  1863.  In 
1866  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  fortieth  congress,  and 
re-elected  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

CHURCHILL,  THOMAS  J.,  statesman. 
He  was  governor  of  Arkansas  from  1881 
to  1883. 

CHURCHMAN,  JOHN,  author,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  belonged  to  the 
Society  of  Friends,  and  was  noted  for 
his  investigations  into  the  causes  of  the 
variations  of  the  magnetic  needle.  In  ad 
dition  to  several  philosophical  treatises, 
he  also  published  a  variation-chart  of  the 
Globe,  Magnetic  Atlas,  and  Explanation. 
He  died  July  24,  1805. 

CHURCHWELL.  WILLIAM  M..  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Tennessee.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1852  to  1855. 

CHUTE,  HORATIO  NELSON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1847,  in  Canada. 
He  graduated  from  the  university  of  Mich 
igan;  and  since  1873  has  been  an  instruct 
or  of  science  in  the  Ann  Arbor  High 
school.  He  Is  the  author  of  Elements  of 
Physics;  Physical  Laboratory  Manual,  and 
Laboratory  Work. 

CHUTE,  WILLIAM  EDWARD,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  April  24,  1832, 
in  Nova  Scotia.  He  has  taught  school  and 
given  singing  lessons  for  forty  years  in 
New  York,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Michigan 
and  Maine.  He  is  the  author  of  the 
Chute  Genealogy  and  other  works;  and 
has  assisted  in  the  editing  of  the  Baptist 
Hymn  Writer;  American  Musicians;  and 
other  musical  and  hymnal  works. 

CILLEY,  BRADBURY,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1813  to  1817. 


CILLEY,  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  July  2, 
1802,  in  Nottingham,  N.  H.  He  was  at 
one  time  speaker  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  Maine,  of  which  he  was  a 
member  from  1832  to  1837;  and  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1832.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  Maine  from 
1837  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  died 
Feb.  24,  1838.  in  Bladensburg,  Md. 

CILLEY,  JONATHAN  PRINCE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1835, 
in  Thomaston,  Maine.  He  attended  the 
Military  academy  of  Pembroke,  N.  H.,  and 
in  1858  he  graduated  from  Bowdoin  col 
lege,  and  has  since  attained  prominence 
as  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Rockland,  Maine. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  first 
regiment  of  the  Maine  cavalry,  and  be 
came  captain,  major,  colonel,  and  brevet 
brigadier-general.  He  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maine  state  legislature,  and  in 
1876-78  was  adjutant-general  of  Maine. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  genealogy  of  the 
Cilley  family. 

CILLEY,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1735,  in  Nottingham,  N.  H.  He  was  a 
colonel  in  the  first  New  Hampshire  regi 
ment  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  major- 
general  of  militia  in  1786.  He  died  Aug. 
25,  1799,  in  Nottingham,  N.  H. 

CILLEY,  JOSEPH,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1791,  in  Nottingham, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1846  to  1847.  He  died  Sept. 
16,  1887,  in  Nottingham,  N.  H. 

CIST,  CHARLES,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  15,  1738,  in  Russia.  He 
began  the  publication  of  The  American 
Herald  in  1784,  and  of  the  Columbian 
Magazine  in  1786.  Mr.  Cist  aided  the  col 
onial  government  during  the  revolution  by 
endorsing  large  amounts  of  continental 
currency,  which  later  he  was  compelled 
to  redeem.  He  was  the  first  person  to  in 
troduce  anthracite  coal  into  general  use 
in  the  I'nited  States.  In  1792  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Lehigh  Coal  company. 
He  died  Dec.  2,  1805,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CIST,  CHARLES,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  April  24,  1793,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  the  editor  of  Cist's  Advertiser 
in  1844-53,  and  of  three  volumes  of  Annals 
of  Cincinnati  in  1841-51  and  in  1859,  and 
a  work  entitled  Cincinnati  Miscellany.  He 
died  Sept.  8,  1868,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

CIST,  HENRY  MARTYN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1839,  In 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  is  a  Cincinnati  law 
yer  who  served  in  the  federal  army  during 
the  civil  war  and  became  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Army  of  the 
Cumberland. 

CIST,  LEWIS  JACOB,  banker,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  20,  1818,  in  Harmony,  Pa. 
He  was  known  as  a  banker  of  St.  Louis 
and  Cincinnati  who  published  Trifles  in 
Verse.  He  died  March  30,  1885,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

CLAFLIN,  MRS.  MARY  BUCKLIN,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1825  in  Massachusetts. 
She  was  the  author  of  Brampton  Sketch 
es;  Personal  Recollections  of  Whittler; 
Real  Happenings;  and  Under  the  Elms. 
She  died  in  1896. 

CLAFLIN,  WILLIAM,  business  man, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  6,  1818,  in  Milford,  Mass.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  legislature  from 
1849  to  1852;  a  state  senator  in  1860  and 
1861,  and  the  last  year  president  of  the 
senate.  He  was  lieutenant-governor  from 
1866  to  1869;  governor  from  1870  to  1872, 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty- 
sixth  congresses. 


CLAGGETT,  CLIFTON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1773  in  Rock- 
ingham  county,  N.  H.  He  was  judge  of 
probate  of  Hillsborough  county  from  1823 
to  1827;  judge  of  the  superior  court  one  or 
two  years;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1803  to  1805, 
and  again  from  1817  to  1821.  He  died  in 
1829. 

CLAGGETT,  THOMAS  JOHN,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1742,  in  Princa 
George  county,  Md.  He  was  elected  the 
first  bishop  of  Maryland,  and  was  conse 
crated  in  New  York,  Sept.  17,  1792,  Bishop 
Seabury  joining  in  the  consecration.  In 

1800  Bishop  Claggett  was  chaplain  to  the 
United  States  senate,  this  being  the  first 
session   of  congress  held   in    Washington 
city.    He  died  Aug.  2,  1816,  in  Croom,  Md. 

CLAGGETT,  WILLIAM  H..  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  21, 
1838,  in  Marlborough,  Md.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Nevada  in 
1862,  1863  and  1865,  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress  from  Montana. 

CLAIBORNE,  JOHN  FRANCIS  HAM- 
TRAMCK,  journalist,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  24,  1809,  in  Natchez, 
Miss.  During  three  sessions  he  was  a 
representative  of  the  Mississippi  legis 
lature,  and  during  1835-38  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state.  He 
was  a  successful  journalist,  and  for  many 
years  conducted  the  Natchez  Free  Trader, 
and  also  the  Louisiana  Courier.  He  was 
the  author  of  Mississippi  as  a  Province, 
Territory  and  State;  Life  of  General 
Dale,  and  Life  of  Quitnam.  He  died  May 
17,  1884,  in  Natchez,  Miss. 

CLAIBORNE,  JOHN  HERBERT,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  March  16,  1828, 
in  Brunswick  county,  Va.  He  is  a  noted 
physician  of  Virginia,  and  the  author  of 
Diphtheria;  Dysmenorrhea;  and  Clinical 
Reports  from  Private  Practice. 

CLAIBORNE,  NATHANIEL  HER 
BERT,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  14,  1777,  in  Sussex  county,  Va.  He 
served  many  years  in  the  legislature  of 
that  state;  and  was  also  a  member  of  the 
executive  council.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1825  to 
1837.  He  was  the  author  of  Notes  on  the 
War  in  the  South.  He  died  Aug.  15,  1859, 
in  Franklin  county,  Va. 

CLAIBORNE,  THOMAS,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1793  to  1799,  and  again  from 

1801  to  1805. 

CLAIBORNE,  THOMAS,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1817  to  1819. 

CLAIBORNE,  WILLIAM  CHARLES 
COLE,  was  born  in  1775  in  Sussex  county, 
Va.  He  was  the  first  governor  of  the 
state  of  Louisiana. 
He  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession;  was 
judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  law  and 
equity  in  Tennessee, 
and  in  1797  was  a 
representative  i  n 
congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  a  second 
term  as  a  member 
from  Tennessee.  In 
1801  he  was  appoint 
ed  governor  of  the 
Mississippi  territory.  In  1803  he  was 
commissioned  to  accept  the  transfer 
of  the  province  of  Louisiana  to  the 
United  States;  and  was  appointed 
governor-general  for  three  years,  and 
served  until  1817.  He  was  twenty  years 
in  the  public  service.  He  died  Dec.  23, 
1817,  while  a  representative  in  the  United 
States  senate. 


CLANCY,    JOHN    M.,    capitalist     con- 

rn£n',WaS,born  May  7-  1837-  In  Ire 
He  immigrated  with  his  parents  to 

New  York;  was  ed 
ucated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Brooklyn 
N.  Y.;  and  is  in  the 
real  estate  business- 
He  served  as  an  al 
derman  of  the  city  of 
Brooklyn  from  18(38 
to  1875.  and  was  a 
member  of  the  state 
assembly  from  1878 
to  1881.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty- 

fifty-third    congresses    l'.,fift!r^COnd  and 
s     a     democrat, 
a*ainst  13,593  votes 


HKHRIN08HAWB    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


21T 


port   of  some  distinction  in  his  day   and 
The  lord^v0'  Advice  to  Children;'  and 


CLARm,  JOHN  D.,  business  man,  con 
gressman,    was    born    Aug.    30,    1828,    in 
Smith  county,  Tenn.     He  was  elected  to 
represent     Christian 
county  in  the  consti 
tutional     convention 
in  1890.     He  was  ap 
pointed    and    served 
as   one   of  the   state 
commissioners  to  the 
Columbian       exposi 
tion    at    Chicago    in 
1893;  and  was  elected 
to     the     fifty-fourth 
and     fifty-fifth    con 
gresses    as    a    demo 
crat. 

CLAHDY,  MARTIN  LINN,  lawyer  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  26,  1844  in  St 
Genevieve  county,  Mo.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
s  x">-  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth  forty- 
ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a  demo- 

CT 


treedman;  School  Day  Dialogues;  The 
Gospel  in  tne  Trees;  Rambles  in  Europe; 
Starting  Out,  a  story  of  the  Ohio  Hi  is- 
and  Ripples  on  the  River,  a  collection  of 
verses.  He  died  July  6,  1879,  in  Georgia 

CLARK,  ALONZO,  educstor,  physic!  ui 
author,  was  born  March  1,  1807  Tn  Ch 's 
ter,  Mass.  From  1849-55  he  was  prof's- 
*or  of  physiology  and  pathology  in  the 

£e??or°kf^hySiCianS  and  S^eons  of 
New  York  city;  was  consulting  physician 
of  the  Northeastern  dispensary  and  of  he 
Northern  dispensary,  and  in  1861  was 
made  president  of  the  medical  board  of 
at.  Luke  s  hospital.  He  was  a  noted  lec 
turer,  and  the  author  of  a  number  of  artt- 

$*«$  meMCal  sub?ects-     He  died   Sept. 
id,  1887,  in  New  York. 


6 


',  R°GER-  author-  was  born  April 
D  England-  He  was  a  colonist  of 
1   Th°Se   Memoirs,    written   for 
been  several  times  re- 
nhw!  considerable  histori 
cal  value.    He  d,ed  Feb.  2,  1691,  in  Boston, 


congrega- 


of  v.i  aon;    History 

of  Yale  College;  Vindication  of  the  Doc- 
H  «  ¥,  NeW  E^land  Churches;  Nature 
and  Motion  of  Meteors;  and  The 


was  a  state  councilor,  a  delegate  to  the 


fT    A  "D  "C*       \    i  i  t 

ahnni    ifi«    • DA- actress,  author,  was 

•out  1835  in  the  southern  states 
made  her  debut  as  an  actress  at  the  Acad^ 
Music  of  New  York  in  1855  as 
Ophelia  in  Hamlet,  but  soon  became  bet- 
She  waTt  ES  a  WrUer  than  as  an  actress. 
°ni874  Woman's  Heart  She  dted*Marcll 

CLARE,  ISRAEL  SMITH,  historian 
born  Nov.  24,  1847,  in  Lancaster  county,' 
Pa.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  ed- 
u  c  a  t  i  o  n  in  the 
;  schools  of  his  coun 
ty,  and  graduated 
from  the  State  Nor 
mal  school  of  Mill- 
ersville,  Pa.  In  his 
earlier  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educa 
tional  work;  and 
subsequently  held  a 
position  on  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  The 
New  Era  of  Lancas- 


1849  fr°m  that  State  from  1847  to 

CLAPP,  OZRO  WRIGHT,  journalist 
banker,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1836.  in  Lee 
Center,  111.  In  1887  he  moved  to  New 
York  and  opened  the  banking  and  broker 
age  house  of  Clapp  and  Company,  and 
later  on  he  established  the  Clapp  and 
Company  Daily  and  Weekly  Market  Let- 

CLAPP,  THEODORE,    clergyman,    au 
thor,   was  born   March  29,  1792,  in  East- 
lampton,  Mass.     He  was  a  Unitarian  min- 
iter  of  New  Orleans  for  many  years,  and 
he  author  of  Autobiographical   Sketches 
or  d5  Years'   Residence  in  New  Orleans- 
Theological   Views;    and   Slavery    a  Ser 
mon.    He  died  May  17,  1866,  in  Louisville, 

CLAPP,  WILLIAM  WARLAND,  journa 
list,  was  born  April  11,  1826,  in  Boston 
Mass.    In  1847  he  became  editor  and  pub 
lisher  of  the  Saturday  Evening  Gazette- 
and  in  1865  became  editor-in-chief  of  The 
Journal    of   Boston.      He    has    served    as 
councilman,  alderman  and  state  senator 
and  trustee  of  the  Boston  public  library 
He  died  Sept.  13,   1891 


still  his  place  of  , 

author    of    the    following    works      II  in, 

smaller    works;     and    many    article!  on 

g° 


CLARK,  ABRAHAM,  signer  of  the 


adoption  of  the  constitution,  he  was  a  reo 
resentative  in  congress,  from  New  Jersev" 
from  1791  to  1794,  when  he  resigned     He 
died  Sept.  15,  1794,  in  Rahway,  N.  J.' 

CLARK,  ADDISON,  educator,  college 
president,  clergyman,  was  born  Dec  11 
1842  m  Titus  county,  Texas.  He  grad 
uated  from  Canton  college,  and  subse 
quently  became  a  minister  of  the  gospel- 
and  is  now  the  president  of  the  Addkan 
university  of  Waco,  Texas. 

CLARK,  ALEXANDER,  clergyman,  au- 

nor,  was  born  March  10,  1834    in  Jeffer 

son   county,   Ohio.     He  was  a   methodist 

Protestant   clergyman    of    Pittsburg    and 

he  author  of  The  Old  Log  Schoolhouse- 

Workaday     Christianity;     The     Red     Sea 


CLARK,  ALONZO    HOWARD,  natural- 
athor,   was   born  April  13,   1850,   in 
soston,  Mass.     He  is  a  naturalist  in  the 
United  States  National  museum  at  Wash- 
;gton,   who   has   published   Statistics   of 
Fisheries  of  New  Hampshire,  Rhode  Isl 
and,  and  Connecticut;   Statistics  of  Fish- 
3ries  of  Massachusetts;  and  History  of  the- 
Mackerel  Fishery. 

CLARK,  ALVAH  A.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1840,  in  Lebanon 
N.  Y.  He  became  a  councilor-at-law  in 
1867;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  Jersey,  to  the  forty-fifth  and' 
forty-sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CLARK,   ALVAN,  optician,    was    born' 
March  8,  1804,  in  Ashfield,  Mass. '  He  was 
the  first  person   in  the   United   States  to. 
overcome  the  difficulties  of  the  achromatic 
lens,    and   achieved    such    skill    that    the 
most    important    telescopes    of     modern 
times  have  been  made  in  his  factory  in 
Cambridge.     He   died    Aug.    19,    1887     in 
Cambridgeport,  Mass. 

CLARK,    ALVAN    GRAHAM,    astrono 
mer,  inventor,  was  born  July  10,  1832    in 
Ball  River,  Mass.    During  1886  the  36-inch 
refractor,  the  largest  in   the  world    was 
made  for  the  Lick  observatory  on  Mount 
Hamilton,  near  San  Francisco,  Cal      Mr 
Clark   accompanied   the   total-eclipse    ex 
pedition  to  Jerez,  Spain,  in  1870,  and  also, 
the    similar    expedition    to    Wyoming    in 
1878.    As  an  independent  observer  he  has 
discovered  fourteen  intricate  double  stars, 
including   the    companion    to    Sirius     for 
which  the  Lalande  gold  medal  was  award 
ed  him  by  the  French  academy  of  sciences, 
in  1862.     He  has  also  made  numerous  in 
ventions  connected  with  the  manufacture 
of  refracting  telescopes. 

CLARK,  AMBROSE  W.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  diplomat,  was  born  Feb.  19 
1810,  near  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.  He  pub 
lished  for  five  years  the  Otsego  Republi 
can;  established  and  published  for  eight 
years  the  Northern  Journal;  and  also 
published  for  sixteen  years  the  Northern 
New  York  Journal.  In  1859  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress,  and  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress  in  1862. 
In  1865  he  was  appointed  consul  at  Val 
paraiso. 

CLARK,   AMOS,  banker,  state  senator 

congressman,  was  born  Nov.  8,   1827    In 

Westfield,  N.  Y.    He  was  banker  in  El'iza- 

sth,   and   largely   interested   in    real   es- 

sr«'  t     loT?8  elected  a  state  senator  from 

I8bb  to  1869;   was  an  elector  in  1872,  and 

was   elected   to   the   forty-third    congress 

as  a  republican. 

CLARK,  ARTHUR  WELLINGTON 
Physician,  surgeon,  genealogist,  was  born 
Dec  7,  1859,  in  Lawrence,  Kan.  He  was 
professor  of  obstetrics  and  gynascology  in 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  Boston;  and  is  the  author  of  a  Geneal 
ogy  of  the  Houghton  Family 


218 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CLARK,  BILLY  JAMES,  reformer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1728,  in  North 
ampton,  Mass.  He  organized  what  is 
claimed  to  have  been  the  first  temperance 
society  in  the  world,  at  Moreau,  Saratoga 
county,  N.  Y.,  in  1808.  Dr.  Clark  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  from  Saratoga 
county  in  1821,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
electoral  college  in  1848.  He  died  March 
20,  1867,  in  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y. 

CLARK,  CHAMP,  lawyer,  legislator, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  March  7,  1850, 
near  Lawrenceburg,  Ky.  In  1873  he 
graduated  with  highest  honors  from  the 
Bethany  college,  W.  Va.;  and  became 
president  of  the  Marshall  college  of  Hunt- 
ington,  W.  Va.  He  has  been  city  attorney 
of  Louisiana  and  Bowling  Green,  Mo.; 
prosecuting  atlorney  of  Pike  county,  Mo.; 
and  he  has  served  as  special  judge  of  the 
Louisiana  (Mo.)  court  of  common  pleas. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Missouri  state 
legislature,  and  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
third  and  fifty-fifth  congresses.  In  1891 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Trans-Missis 
sippi  congress  at  Denver,  and  was  chair 
man  of  the  Missouri  delegation  and  vice- 
president. 

CLARK,  CHARLES  B.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1837, 
in  Saguoit,  N.  Y.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  High  school 
and  graduated  from  the  Iowa  Wesleyan 
university  at  Mount  Pleasant.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  in  the  twenty-fifth  reg 
iment  Iowa  volunteer  infantry,  and  in 
1897  was  elected  department  command 
er  for  South  Dakota  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic. 

CLARK,  CHARLES  B.,  congressman 
was  born  Aug.  24,  -1844,  in  Theresa,  N. 
Y.  He  moved  to  Wisconsin  in  1855,  and 
settled  in  Neenah,  where  he  has  since  re 
sided.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  arid 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
republican. 

CLARK,  CHARLES  B.,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1854,  in 
Hubbard,  Ohio.  Early  in  life  he  was  a 
successful  school  teacher  and  principal 
and  in  1880  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
subsequently  was  on  the  editorial  staffs 
f  different  newspapers,  and  has  pub 
lished  directories  of  several  cities  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
county  and  town  histories;  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature. 
He  is  now  solely  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Altoona,  Pa. 

CLARK,  CHARLES  COTESWORTH 
PINCKNEY,  physician,  author,  was  born 
March  20,  1822,  in  Tinmouth,  Vt.  He 
is  a  physician,  and  at  one  time  collector 
of  customs  at  Oswego,  and  the  author  of 
The  Commonwealth  Reconstructed. 

CLARK,  CHARLES  E.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Vermont  about  1848.  He  was 
a  cadet  in  the  naval  academy  when  the 
civil  war  began  and  was  made  a  mid 
shipman.  He  has  long  been  attached  to 
ships  in  Pacific  waters,  in  the  Pacific  and 
Asiatic  squadrons.  As  commander  of  the 
first-class  battleship  Oregon,  he  was  the 
first  naval  officer  to  bring  a  great  modern 
battleship  around  Cape  Horn;  and  his 
gallant  work  in  destroying  the  Spanish 
fleet  in  1898  has  made  his  name  a  house 
hold  word  throughout  the  civilized  world. 

CLARK,  CHARLES  HEBER,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  18 — .  He  is  a 
Philadelphia  journalist  who  has  written 
several  works  of  a  humorous  character 
which  have  been  popular.  Some  of  his 
works  are  Out  of  the  Hurly  Burly;  Elbow 
Room,  a  Novel  without  a  Plot;  Random 


Shots;    and  Fortunate   Island  and   Other 
Stories. 

CLARK,  CHARLES  N.,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  21,  1827,  in  Cortland  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  was  made  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee 
for  the  improvement 
of  western  water 
ways,  and  at  his  mo 
tion  the  national 
convention  was  held 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  republic 
an,  and  was  placed 
on  the  river  and  har 
bor  committee, 
where  he  served  with 
distinction. 

CLARK.  CHARLES  PETER,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1836,  in 
Nashua,  N.  H.  Since  1887  he  has  been 
president  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven 
and  Hartford  railway,  and  since  1895  pres 
ident  of  the  Hartford  and  New  England 
railroad. 

CLARK,  CHRISTOPHER,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress,  from 
Virginia,  from  1804  to  1806. 

CLARK,  CLARENCE  D.,  congressman. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  16, 
1851,  in  Sandy  Creek,  N.  Y.  He  was 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Uinta  county  four 
years,  and  was  appointed  associate  justice 
of  the  territory  of  Wyoming  in  1890,  but 
declined  the  office.  Upon  the  admission 
of  Wyoming  as  a  state  he  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses. 
He  was  elected  in  1895  to  the  United 
States  senate  for  the  term  ending  1899,  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 

CLARK,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1809,  in 
Stratham,  N.  H.  He  was  elected  United 
States  senator  in  1857;  and  was  president 
of  the  New  Hampshire  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1876. 

CLARK,  DANIEL  A.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  1,  1779,  in  Rahway, 
N.  J.  In  1820  he  was  installed  pastor  of 
the  West  parish  of  Amherst,  Mass.,  and 
became  one  of  the  founders  of  the  college 
there.  His  complete  works,  with  a  bio 
graphical  sketch  by  George  Shepard,  were 
published  in  1846.  He  died  March  3,  1840, 
in  New  York. 

CLARK,  DAVIS  WASGATT,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1812,  in  Maine. 
He  was  a  methodist  bishop  of  some  note 
as  a  preacher,  and  the  author  of  Mental 
Discipline;  Death-Bed  Scenes;  Man  all 
Immortal;  Life  of  Bishop  Hedding;  Ser 
mons;  and  Elements  of  Algebra.  He  died 
May  23,  1871,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

CLARK,  EDMUND  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  Blnghamton,  N.  Y. 
He  served  as  a  union  soldier  during  the 
civil  war  in  company 
E,  thirty-second  reg 
iment  volunteer  in 
fantry,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  first  ser 
geant,  and  subse 
quently  re-enlisted 
in  company  H,  sixth 
regiment,  New  York 
cavalry.  He  is  a 
scientist  and  writer 
on  political  econo 
my;  the  author  of 
several  prose  works 
and  a  volume  of  poems.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Hut- 
chinson,  Kan.,  and  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county 
and  state. 


CLARK.  EDSON  LYMAN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  1,  1827,  in  East 
Hampton,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Massachusetts  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Arabs  and  the  Turks;  The 
Races  of  European  Turkey;  Turkey;  and 
Fundamental  Questions  chiefly  relating  to 
Genesis  and  the  Hebrew  Scriptures. 

CLARK,  EMMONS,  soldier,  merchant, 
author.  In  1857  he  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  the  New  York  state  militia;  served  gal 
lantly  through  the  civil  war,  and  was  pro 
moted  colonel  of  his  regiment.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  History  of  the  Seventh  Regi 
ment  of  the  New  York  State  Militia. 

CLARK,  EZRA,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Vermont.  He  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  to  the  thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth 
congresses. 

CLARK,  F.  0.,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  Dec.  18,  1843,  in  Girard,  Pa.  In  1862 
he  moved  to  Lake  Superior,  Mich.,  and 
joined  the  corps  of 
the  Chicago  and 
Northwestern  Rail 
road  company  as 
civil  engineer.  In 
1870  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  first  prac 
ticing  that  profes 
sion  in  Escanaba 
and  then  in  Mar- 
quette,  Mich.,  and  is 
considered  one  of  the 
most  eminent  law 
yers  in  the  Upper 
Peninsular.  He  takes  an  active  part  in 
the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city, 
county  and  state;  is  a  stockholder  in  the 
Dexter  Mining  company,  and  president  of 
the  Marquette  City  Electric  Street  Rail 
road  company.  In  1874-75  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  legislature,  and  has  served  two 
terms  as  mayor  of  his  city. 

CLARK,  FRANCIS  EDWARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1851,  in  Canada. 
He  is  a  congregational  minister  who  dur 
ing  his  pastorate  in  Portland,  Maine,  in 
1881,  established  the  Christian  Endeavor 
society.  He  is  the  author  of  Danger  Sig 
nals,  the  Enemies  of  Youth;  Looking  Out 
on  Life,  a  book  for  girls;  Our  Vacations, 
Where  to  Go,  etc.;  Young  People's  Prayer 
Meeting  in  Theory  and  Practice;  The 
Children  and  the  Church;  Mossback  Cor 
respondence;  Our  Business  Boys;  and 
Ways  and  Means,  a  history  of  the  Chris 
tian  Endeavor  movement. 

CLARK,  FRANK  E.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Nov.  12,  1860,  in  Wausau,  Wis. 
In  1882  he  graduated  as  a  civil  engineer; 
and  in  law  in  1888.  For  ten  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educational  work;  and  for  sev 
eral  years  was  county  surveyor  of  Green 
Lake  county,  Wis.  During  1895-97  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  state  as 
sembly;  and  now  practices  law  in  Prince 
ton,  Wis. 

CLARK,  FRANKLIN,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Maine.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1847  to  1849;  before  entering  con 
gress  served  in  the  state  legislature;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  executive  council  in 
1855. 

CLARK,  FREDERICK  THICKSTUN. 
author,  was  born  in  1858  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  is  a  novelist  of  Denver,  Colo., 
whose  stories  deal  with  phases  of  western 
life;  and  the  author  of  A  Mexican  Girl: 
In  the  Valley  of  Havllah;  On  Cloud 
Mountain;  and  The  Mistress  of  the 
Ranch. 


HERRINOSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


219 


CLARK,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  July  18,  1841,  In  Eutaw,  Ala.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  local  school  and  graduated  from  the 
university  of  Alabama.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  as  captain  of  infantry  In 
the  Virginia  army  from  Alabama,  and 
emigrated  to  Texas  in  1867.  He  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  the  west  at  Waco,  Texas. 
He  has  been  secretary  of  state,  attorney- 
general,  commissioner  to  codify  the  laws, 
and  has  filled  with  honor  the  high  office 
of  judge  of  court  of  appeals. 

CLARK,  GEORGE  A.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  1824,  in  Scotland.  In  1865  the 
Passaic  Thread  Co.  was  organized  by  him, 
with  George  A.,  Alexander  and  William 
Clark  and  Thomas  Barbour  as  incorpo- 
rators.  Gigantic  works  were  construct 
ed  and  put  into  operation  in  1866.  He 
died  Feb.  13,  1873. 

CLARK,  GEORGE  HENRY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1819,  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.  In  November,  1860,  he 
made  in  Savannah  an  appeal  for  the  pres 
ervation  of  the  union,  which  was  pub 
lished  at  the  request  of  southern  gentle 
men.  His  connection  with  St.  John's  par- 
i.  h  was  dissolved  in  1861,  and  in  1862  his 
property,  including  his  library,  was  sold 
by  an  agent  of  the  confederate  govern 
ment  as  the  property  of  an  alien  enemy. 

CLARK,  GEORGE  HUNT,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1809  in  Northampton,  Mass. 
He  was  an  iron  merchant  of  Hartford,  of 
local  fame  as  a  poet;  and  the  author  of 
Now  and  Then;  The  News;  and  Under 
tow  of  a  Trade  Wind  Surf.  He  died  Aug. 
20,  1881,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

CLARK,  GEORGE  ROGERS,  soldier, 
was  born  Nov.  19,  1752,  in  Albemarle 
county,  Va.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest 
surveyors  in  Ken 
tucky,  where  the 
frequent  conflicts 
with  the  Indians 
gave  him  an  ex 
perience  of  the 
greatest  value  to 
himself  and  his 
people.  He  grew  to 
be  recognized  as  the 
protector  of  all  the 
settlements  in  Ken 
tucky,  Indiana,  Ohio, 
Pennsylvania,  and  a 
terror  to  the  redmen.  In  1776  he  was  ap 
pointed  major  of  militia;  and  was  chosen 
a  delegate  to  the  Virginia  convention.  In 
1777  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel; 
and  in  1781  was  commissioned  brigadier- 
general  of  the  continental  army.  He  died 
Feb.  18,  1818,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

CLARK,  GEORGE  WHITFIELD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1831,  In 
South  Orange,  N.  J.  He  is  a  baptist  cler 
gyman  of  New  Jersey;  and  the  author 
of  Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels  in  En 
glish;  Notes  on  Matthew,  Mark,  Luke, 
and  John:  Harmonic  Arrangement  of 
the  Acts  of  the  Apostles;  Brief  Notes  on 
the  New  Testament;  and  History  of  the 
First  Baptist  Church  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

CLARK,  GILBERT  J.,  lawyer,  author. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Kansas  City, 
Mo.;  and  the  author  of  Eminent  Ameri 
can,  English  and  Canadian  Lawyers. 

CLARK,  GUY  ASHLEY,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Feb.  17,  1823,  in  Onondaga,  N.  Y. 
In  1860  he  was  appointed  agent  of  the 
Onondaga  Salt  company,  which  position 
he  held  for  ten  years.  In  1870  he  was 
elected  city  supervisor  of  Syracuse;  and 
was  twice  re-elected  to  the  same  office. 


CLARK,  HENRY  A.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Aug.  3,  1815,  in  Sidney,  N.  Y. 
The  early  history  of  Bainbridge  contains 
in  part  the  history  of 
Henry  A.  Clark. 
I  While  representing 

his     district    in    the 

I  'HWi    state  senate  in  1863- 

65,  he  was  the  friend 
of  the  governor, 
•  Horatio  Seymour, 
I  and  was  one  of  the 
I  first  to  vote  for  the 
appropriation  for 
the  new  state  capi- 
tol.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  re 
publican  committee  for  many  years.  Mr. 
Clark  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
one  hundred  and  fourteenth  regiment;  al 
though  unable  to  enlist  himself,  gave  lib 
erally  toward  the  advancement  of  the 
cause  of  the  union. 

CLARK,  HENRY  JAMES,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  June  22,  1826,  in  Easton, 
Mass.  He  was  a  naturalist  of  Cambridge; 
and  the  author  of  Mind  in  Nature;  and 
A  Claim  for  Scientific  Property.  He  died 
July  1,  1873,  in  Amherst,  Mass. 

CLARK.  HENRY  S..  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Beaufort  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
in  1834;  and  was  solicitor  for  the  state  in 
1842.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1845 
to  1847;  and  was  at  one  time  acting  gov 
ernor  of  the  state.  He  died  April  14.  1874. 
in  Tarborough,  N.  C. 

CLARK,  HENRY  TOOLE,  governor, 
was  born  in  1808.  He  was  elected  state 
senator  in  1850,  a  position  he  continued  to 
occupy  for  eleven  years;  and  in  1861  was 
appointed  governor  of  North  Carolina. 
He  died  April  14,  1874. 

CLARK,  HORACE  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1815,  in 
Southbury,  Conn.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  thirty-fifth  congress  from  New 
York;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  He  died  June  19,  1873,  in 
New  York  city. 

CLARK,  ISAAC,  soldier,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1749.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the 
revolution,  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention,  and  for  many  years  chief 
judge  of  the  Vermont  county  court.  He 
became  colonel  of  the  eleventh  United 
States  infantry  in  1812,  and  in  1813  com 
manded  a  successful  expedition  against 
Massequoi,  Canada.  He  died  Jan.  31,  1822, 
in  Castleton,  Vt. 

CLARK,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born 
in  July,  1730.  He  was  a  captain  in  Put 
nam's  regiment,  and  was  present  at  Bun 
ker  Hill.  He  was  made  lieutenant-colonel 
of  Huntington's  regiment  in  1775,  and 
took  part  in  the  battles  at  Harlem 
Heights  and  White  Plains  in  1776.  He 
died  Dec.  29,  1826,  in  Lebanon,  Conn. 

CLARK,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  in  1779  in 
Bedford  county,  Va.  He  was  several 
times  a  member  of  the  state  legislature; 
and  in  1810  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
court  of  appeals.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Kentucky  from  1813 
to  1816;  and  from  1817  to  1824  was  judge 
of  the  circuit  court.  He  was  aeain  a 
member  of  congress  from  1825  to  1831. 
In  1832  he  was  state  senator  and  chosen 
speaker;  and  was  elected  governor  in 
1836.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1839,  in  Frank 
fort,  Ky. 


CLARK.  JAMES,  farmer,  stockman, 
was  born  Nov.  20.  1838,  near  Springfield. 
Ohio.  For  over  a  quarter  of  a  century 
continuously  he  has 
been  township  treas 
urer;  and  for  ten 
years  a.  member  of 
the  county  board  of 
agriculture.  He  has 
been  a  successful 
breeder  of  trotting 
horses.  some  of 
which  have  sold  as 
high  as  twenty 
thousand  dollars 
each ;  and  he  bred 
and  sold  the  fastest 
yearling  trotter  in  the  world  to  Frank 
Rockefeller,  vice-president  of  the  Stan 
dard  Oil  company.  He  resides  in  New 
Moorefield,  Ohio. 

CLARK,  JAMES  GOWDY,  the  poet  of 
the  people,  was  born  June  28,  1829,  in 
Constantia,  N.  Y.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  he  drifted  into  the  concert  field;  was 
for  many  years  connected  with  the  Min 
neapolis  Daily  Star;  and  became  prom 
inent  as  a  poet,  singer  and  composer.  He 
is  chiefly  known  as  the  author  of  Leona; 
Marion  Moore;  The  Infinite  Mother; 
The  Old  Mountain  Tree;  The  Mount 
of  the  Holy  Cross;  and  the  Ever 
green  Mountains  of  Life.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  a  prominent  and  vigor 
ous  prose  writer,  especially  in  the  cause  of 
reform,  every  vital  phase  of  which  he  has 
heartily  espoused;  and  has  lectured  ex 
tensively  on  kindred  subjects. 

CLARK,  JAMES  HENRY,  physician, 
author,  was  born  June  23,  1814,  in  Living 
ston,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  physician  of  New 
ark,  N.  J.;  and  the  author  of  History  of 
the  Cholera  in  Newark  in  1847;  Sight  and 
Hearing,  How  Preserved,  How  Lost;  Med 
ical  Topography  of  Newark;  and  The 
Medical  Men  of  New  Jersey  .in  Essex  Dis 
trict,  1666-1866.  He  died  March  6,  1869. 
in  Montclair,  N.  J. 

CLARK,  JAMES  W.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Bertie  county. 
N.  C.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1812;  three  years  a  member  of  the  state 
senate;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1815  to 
1817.  He  died  in  January,  1844. 

CLARK,  JOHN,  soldier,  governor,  was 
born  in  1766  in  North  Carolina.  He 
served  in  the  revolutionary  war;  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  major-general  in  the 
war  of  1812.  He  was  elected  governor  of 
Georgia  in  1821.  He  died  Oct.  15,  1832. 

CLARK,  JOHN  ALONZO.  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  6,  1801,  in  Pitts- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
The  Young  Disciple;  The  Pastor's  Testi 
mony;  A  Walk  about  Zion;  Gathered 
Fragments;  Awake,  Thou  Sleeper;  and 
Glimpses  of  the  Old  World.  He  died  Nov. 
27,  1843,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CLARK,  JOHN  B.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  17,  1802,  in  Madison 
county,  Ky.  In  1832  he  commanded  a 
regiment  of  mounted  militia,  during  the 
Black  Hawk  war;  and  was  made  major- 
general  of  militia  in  1848.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature  during  the  session  of 
1850  and  1851.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
thirty-fifth  congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-sixth  and  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congresses.  He  took  part  in  the  rebel 
lion  of  1861  as  a  colonel,  having  been  ex 
pelled  from  the  house  in  July,  1861.  He 
died  Oct.  29,  1885,  in  Fayetteville,  Mo. 


220 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OK    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CLARK,  JOHN  B.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1831,  in  Fayette, 
Mo.  He  entered  the  confederate  army; 
served  as  a  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted 
successively  to  be  captain,  major,  colonel, 
and  brigadier-general.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses. 

CLARK,  JOHN  BATES,  political  econ 
omist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1847,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  has  filled  the  chair 
of  political  economy  in  various  colleges, 
and  was  lecturer  in  Johns  Hopkins  uni 
versity.  For  two  years  he  was  the  presi 
dent  of  the  American  Economic  associa 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Philosophy 
of  Wealth,  and  of  numerous  publications 
on  political  economy. 

CLARK,  MRS.  KATE  UPSON,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1851  in  Alabama. 
She  is  a  journalist  of  Brooklyn,  who  has 
written  mainly  for  young  people;  and  the 
author  of  That  Mary  Ann. 

CLARK,  LABAN,  clergyman,  was  born 
July  19,  1778,  in  Haverhill,  N.  H.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  and  president  of  its  trustees.  He 
died  Nov.  28,  1868,  in  Middletown,  Conn. 

CLARK,  LEWIS  GAYLORD,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  June  12,  1810,  in  Otisco, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  once  prominent  maga- 
zinlst  of  New  York  city,  and  editor  of  the 
Knickerbocker  Magazine.  He  was  the 
author  of  Knick-Knacks,  a  collection  of 
brief  sketches  contributed  to  that  period 
ical.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1873,  in  Piermont, 
N.  Y. 

CLARK,  LINCOLN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  judge  in  Alabama  for  several  years; 
and  on  removing  to  Iowa  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1851  to  1853. 

CLARK,  LOT,  congressman,  was  born 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1823  to  1825,  when  he 
was  appointed  postmaster  at  Norwich, 
N.  Y. ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly  in  1846. 

CLARK,  M.  S.,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  during  the  years  1820  and  1821. 

CLARK,  MARY  J.,  poet,  was  born  Dec. 
25,  1833,  in  Ellisburgh,  N.  Y.  She  received 
her  education  in  the  public  schools;  and 
attended  Sister 
school  of  Utica.  N. 
Y.,  where  her  father 
was  a  methodist 
clergyman.  She  is 
the  author-  of  the. 
Record  of  a  Minis 
tering  Angel,  which 
had  an  extensive 
sale.  She  has  writ 
ten  extensively  in 
prose  and  poetry  for 
the  periodical  press; 
and  many  of  her 

poems  have  been  incorporated  in  stan 
dard  publications.  She  has  traveled  ex 
tensively  in  America  and  Europe.  Since 
the  death  of  her  husband  .she  has  managed 
a  large  manufacturing  concern  at  Utica 
111. 

CLARK,  MRS.  MARY,  author,  was 
born  in  1831  in  Maine.  She  is  a 
New  England  writer  of  religious  juve 
niles,  among  which  are  The  Mayflower 
Series;  and  Daisy's  Mission. 

CLARK,  MYRON  HOLLEY,  governor 
of  New  York,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1806,  In 
Naples,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  state  militia.  He  was  sheriff 
of  Ontario  county  for  two  years. 


CLARK,  N.  NORTON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1841,  near  Bangor, 
Maine.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Garrett 
Biblical  institute;  and  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century  has  been  a  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Helper  for  Young  People's 
Societies;  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  religious  publications. 

CLARK,  NATHANIEL  GEORGE,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1825,  in 
Calais,  Vt.  He  was  the  foreign  secretary 
of  the  American  board  of  foreign  mis 
sions  from  1866.  In  earlier  life  he  was 
of  some  note  as  an  educator,  and  pub 
lished  Elements  of  the  English  Language. 
He  died  in  1896. 

CLARK,  NEWCOMB,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1840,  in  Sul 
livan  county,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  from 
the  Clarkston  academy  and  the  Oxford  in 
stitute.  He  served  as  major  and  lieu 
tenant-colonel  during  the  civil  war  in  the 
one  hundred  and  second  United  States 
cavalry  troop;  and  was  for  some  time  in 
command  of  the  regiment.  He  also  had 
command  of  the  fifty-fourth  New  York 
infantry;  subsequently  commanded  a 
brigade;  and  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  for  meritorious  conduct  in  the 
field.  He  was  the  first  president  of  We- 
nona,  now  West  Bay  City;  in  1883  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  legislature;  received  the  re-election 
in  1885;  and  now  devotes  his  time  to 
literary  pursuits. 

CLARK,  RICHARD  H.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  July  3,  1827,  in  Washington, 
I).  C.  He  has  attained  success  as 
a  lawyer;  and  is  the  author  of  So 
cialism  in  America;  Father  Sebastian 
Rale;  Illustrated  History  of  the  Catholic 
Church  in  the  United  States;  and  other 
works. 

CLARK,  ROBERT,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly 
of  that  state  from  1812  to  1815;  and  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1819  to  1821. 

CLARK,  RUFUS  A.,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1846,  in  Cof 
fer  county,  Tenn.  He  filled  the  chair  as 
professor  of  mathematics  in  Winchester 
Normal  college  for  ten  years,  and  in 
1889  was  made  president  of  that  insti 
tution. 

CLARK,  RUFUS  WHEELWRIGHT, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1813, 
in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  a  Re 
formed  Dutch  clergyman  of  Albany. 
Among  his  more  than  a  hundred  publica 
tions  are  Lectures  to  Young  Men;  Heaven 
and  Its  Scriptural  Emblems;  Life  Scenes 
of  the  Messiah;  Romanism  in  America: 
The  African  Slave  Trade;  and  Heroes  of 
Albany.  He  died  Aug.  9,  1886,  in  Nan- 
tucket,  Mass. 

CLARK,  RUSH,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  1,  1834,  in  Schellsburg,  Pa. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legis 
lature  from  1860  to  1864,  serving  as  speak 
er  the  last  two  years;  was  a  member  of 
the  governor's  staff  in  1861  and  1862.  He 
was  again  elected  to  the  state  assembly 
In  1876;  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Iowa  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth 
congresses.  He  died  April  28,  1879. 

CLARK,  S.  H.  H.,  railroad  president. 
He  is  president  and  receiver  of  the  Union 
Pacific  railroad  at  Omaha,  Neb. 

CLARK,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from  1833 
to  1835.  On  removing  to  Michigan  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1853  to  1855.  He  died  Oct. 
2,  1870,  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 


CLARK,  SAM  TEL  ADAMS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1822,  in  New 
buryport,  Mass.  He  became  in  1848  rec 
tor  of  the  Church  of  the  Advent.  Phila 
delphia,  where  he  continued  till  1856. 
He  was  then  called  to  St.  John's  church. 
Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  where  he  remained  till 
his  death.  He  published  Memoir  of  Al 
bert  W.  Day,  prefixed  to  Day's  sermons; 
and  History  of  St.  John's  Church,  Eliza- 
bethtown,  N.  J.  He  died  Jan.  28.  1875,  in 
Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

CLARK,  SAMUEL  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  11, 
1842,  in  Van  Buren  county,  Iowa.  He  en 
listed  as  a  private  in  company  H,  nine 
teenth  Iowa  infantry,  but  was  not  mus 
tered  in  because  of  ill  health.  He  has 
been  editor  of  the  Keokuk  Gate  City  for 
thirty-one  years;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
national  republican  conventions  of  1872, 
L876,  and  1880;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses. 

CLARK,  SIMEON  TUCKER,  physician, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1836,  in 
Canton,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful  phy 
sician  of  Lockport,  N.  Y. ;  and  professor 
of  medical  jurisprudence  in  Niagara  uni 
versity.  He  is  also  a  noted  lecturer  and 
a  member  of  the  leading  scientific  soci 
eties  in  the  United  States.  His  poems 
have  appeared  in  current  publications; 
and  he  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  My 
Garden. 

CLARK,  MRS.  SUSANNA  REBECCA 
GRAHAM,  author,  was  born  July  2,  1848, 
in  Nova  Scotia.  She  is  a  writer  of  Port 
land,  Maine,  who  has  written  much  juve 
nile  literature.  Among  her  works  are 
Yensie  Walton;  Our  Street;  The  Triple 
E.;  Achor;  Herbert  Gardenell's  Chil 
dren;  Tom's  Street;  and  Go's  Goings. 

CLARK,  THEODORE  MINOT,  archi 
tect,  author,  was  born  in  1845  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  an  architect  iu  Boston, 
formerly  instructor  in  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Architect,  Owner  and  Builder  Be 
fore  the  Law;  Building  Superintendence; 
and  Rural  School  Architecture. 

CLARK,  THOMAS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1787  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He 
was  an  educator  of  Philadelphia;  and  the 
author  of  Naval  History  of  the  United 
States  from  the  Commencement  of  the 
Revolutionary  War,  1814;  and  Sketches 
of  United  States  Naval  History.  He  died 
in  1860  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CLARK,  THOMAS  MARCH,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  4,  1812,  in  Newbury 
port,  Mass.  He  is  the  second  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of 
Rhode  Island,  and 
prominent  among 
theologians  of  the 
broad  church  school. 
He  is  the  author  of 
Primary  Truths; 
The  Dew  of  Youth 
and  Other  Lectures 
to  Young  Men  and 
Women;  Early  Dis 
cipline  and  Culture; 
The  Efficient  Sunday 
School  Teacher;  and 
Reminiscences;  and  various  other  relig 
ious  works. 

CLARK,  WALTER,  soldier,  author,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1846,  in  Halifax 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  lieutenant-colonel 
in  the  confederate  service.  In  1885  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
North  Carolina,  then  as  Judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  North  Carolina,  receiv 
ing  the  re-election  to  the  same  office  in 
1894.  He  is  the  author  of  several  law 
books. 


HKKRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


221 


CLARK,  WELLINGTON,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1860,  in  Marys- 
ville,  Cal.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Walla  Walla,  Wash.;  was  a  member  of 
the  territorial  assembly  of  Washington 
in  1887-88,  and  speaker  of  the  house.  He 
has  been  prosecuting  attorney  of  his 
•county;  court  commissioner  of  the  su 
perior  court;  and  master  in  chancery  of 
the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  for 
the  ninth  district  of  Washington.  He  has 
been  inspector-general  on  the  governor's 
staff,  and  judge  advocate  general  of  the 
national  guard  of  Washington. 

CLARK,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  In 
1828  he  was  appointed  treasurer  of  the 
United  States;  and  from  1833  to  1837  he 
was  a  member  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania.  He 
died  April  28,  1841,  in  Dauphin  county,  Pa. 

CLARK,  WILLIAM,  jurist,  governor. 
In  1800  he  was  appointed  chief  justice  of 
the  territory  of  Indiana;  and  was  subse 
quently  commissioned  as  the  second  gov 
ernor  of  the  territory  of  Missouri. 

CLARK,  WILLIAM,  explorer,  soldier, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1770,  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  noted  explorer;  served  in  the  war 
of  1812;  and  was  appointed  governor  of 
Missouri. 

CLARK,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  1841  in  Scotland.  In  1860  he 
joined  his  brother,  George  A.  Clark,  in  the 

general     agency     of 

the  Clark  threads  in 
America.  In  1864 
the  brothers  started 
a  cotton  thread  fac 
tory  in  Newark,  be- 
inK  identified  with 
••»  >!/  tin'  I'assnic  Thread 

Co.  from  the  start. 
In  1873  William 
Clark  rose  to  senior 
ity  in  the  house.  The 
works  now  occupy 
ten  acres  of  ground 
on  the  banks  of  the  Passaic  river. 

CLARK.     WILLIAM     ADOLPHUS,     au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  2,  182,r>,  in   New  Or 
leans,  La.     He  received  his  education   in 
various    institutions; 
and      attended      the 
Boston  Latin  school, 
and    the    Dane    Law 
school  of  Cambridge. 
Mass.      He  has  been 
a  merchant   in    New 
I   Orleans,  ha.:  a  miner 
I    in      Southern      Cali- 
^^^  W^B   fornia;  and  has  filled 

^^^^Mftk  £§      I   numerous  public  po- 
I   sitions   of  trust  and 
m   ^m^|   honor.    He  is  the  au 
thor     of     a     volume 

of  select  poems  entitled  Intellectual  Peo 
ple,  and  has  contributed  extensively,  both 
prose  and  verse,  to  the  leading  newspapers 
•and  magazines  in  America. 

CLARK.  WILLIAM  ARTHUR,  educat 
or,  was  born  May  23,  1853,  in  Manchester. 
Ohio.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
National  Normal  university  and  the  Har 
vard  university.  He  has  received  the  de 
grees  B.  A.,  A.  M.,  and  Ph.  D.  He  has 
been  superintendent  of  various  public 
schools,  and  for  two  years  had  charge  of 
the  Ohio  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphan 
Home  schools  of  Xenia,  Ohio;  professor 
of  mathematics  in  the  National  Normal 
university;  and  professor  of  psychology 
in  the  Nebraska  Normal  school.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Nebraska  Academy  of 
Science  and  one  of  its  board  of  directors. 
His  work  in  the  normal  school  has  been 
principally  in  psychology  and  the  history 
of  education. 


CLARK,  WILLIAM  B.,  president  of  the 
."Etna  Fire  Insurance  company  of  Hart 
ford,  Conn.,  was  born  June  29,  1841,  in 
Hartford.  Conn.  For  many  years  he  was 
connected  with  the  Hartford  Courant,  of 
which  his  father  was  the  proprietor.  In 
1857  he  became  a  clerk  with  the  Phoenix 
Fire  Insurance  company;  was  elected  sec 
retary  in  1863;  and  after  serving  that 
company  for  twenty-five  years  he  became 
assistant  secretary  of  the  /Etna.  In  1888 
he  was  made  vice-president,  and  in  1892 
became  president.  He  holds  a  prominent 
and  important  place  in  the  business  af 
fairs  of  Hartford,  and  has  filled  numer 
ous  offices  of  honor. 

CLARK,  WILLIAM  SMITH,  soldier,  ed 
ucator,  college  president,  was  born  July 
31,  1826,  in  Ashfleld,  Mass.  At  the  begin 
ning  of  the  civil  war  he  was  commissioned 
major  of  the  twenty-first  Massachusetts 
infantry,  and  in  1862  was  appointed  col 
onel.  In  1867  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  college; 
and  in  1864-67  was  a  representative  to  the 
Massachusetts  legislature.  He  died  March 
9,  1886,  in  Amherst,  Mass. 

CLARK,  WILLIAM  T.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  29,  1834,  in 
Nor  walk,  Conn.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  in  all  grades  up  to  brevet  major- 
general,  and  commanded  a  division  in 
Texas  until  mustered  out  in  1866,  when 
he  went  into  business  at  Galveston.  He 
took  an  active  part  in  reconstruction;  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-first  congress  as 
a  republican. 

CLARK.  WILLIS  GAYLORD,  poet,  was 
born  in  1810  in  New  York,  and  was  twin 
brother  of  L.  G.  Clark.  He  was  a  popular 
poet  in  his  day.  He  died  June  12,  1841, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CLARKE,  ALFRED,  public  official,  law 
yer,  was  born  July  27,  1832,  in  Ireland. 
He  arrived  at  San  Francisco  by  way  of 
Cape  Horn  in  1850.  During  1856-87  he 
was  connected  with  the  police  department 
of  San  Francisco;  was  really  the  father 
of  the.  police,  having  made  it  a  credit  to 
the  city.  In  1877  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  supreme  court,  and  has  since 
attained  success  as  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  the  Pacific  coast.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  Calvary  Presbyterian 
church  in  1854.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Police  Benevolent 
society  in  1879,  and  for  five  years  was  its 
president. 

CLARKE,  ALMON  TAYLOR,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1840,  in 
Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  several  in 
stitutions,  and  in 
3872  graduated  in 
theology  from  An- 
d  o  v  e  r  Theological 
seminary,  and  was 
ordained  the  same 
year  as  a  minister. 
He  has  held  pastor 
ates  in  Tiverton,  R. 
I.:  Crown  Point,  N. 
Y.;  Parishville.  N. 
Y.;  Sheldon  and 
Franklin,  Vt;  in 
Florida;  and  in  Shelby,  Ala.  In  1889 
he  became  editor  of  the  Southern  Con- 
gregationalist  of  Atlanta,  Ga.;  and  is  now 
pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Covenant  of 
Shelby,  Ala.,  and  editor  of  The  Helper,  a 
general  religious  organ  of  the  congrega- 
tionalist  churches  of  the  south.  He  has 
filled  many  positions  of  honor;  was  chosen 
a  delegate  of  the  league  to  the  peace  con 
gress  in  Paris;  and  was  urged  to  be  a 
candidate  for  congress.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  very  fine  poems. 


CLARKE,  ARCHIBALD  S.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1778.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  senate  for  four  years,  beginning 
with  1813;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1816  to 
1817.  He  held  the  several  positions  of 
clerk,  surrogate  and  judge  of  Saratoga 
county.  He  died  Dec.  4,  1821,  in  Clarence, 
N.  Y. 

CLARKE,    AUGUSTUS    PECK,    physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1833,  in 
Pawtucket,    R.    I.      In     1856     he    entered 
B  r  o  w  n    university, 
and  in  1861  received 
the  degree   of   A.   M. 
from     that     institu 
tion;  and  the  degree 
of   M.   I),    from   Har 
vard     university     in 
1862.  He  served  dur- 
'    ing  the  civil  war  and 
J^^^    was  promoted  to  the 
K^H      I    rank  of  surgeon;  and 
•'•*'  I    in   1864   to   stirgeon- 

I    in-chief;       and     was 
brevetted  lieutenant - 

colonel  and  also  colonel  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  conduct  during  his 
term  of.  service.  In  1865  he  traveled 
abroad  and  attended  the  various  med 
ical  schools  and  hospitals  in  Lon 
don,  Paris  and  Leipzic.  In  1886  he  moved 
to  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  soon  estab 
lished  a  high  reputation  as  a  practitioner. 
He  has  been  dean  and  professor  in  the 
college  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
Boston  since  1893;  and  has  held  numer 
ous  high  positions  of  honor  in  medical 
bodies  and  other  societies.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Clarke's  Kindred  Genealogies; 
Book  of  Poems;  and  has  contributed 
valuable  articles  and  papers  to  various 
medical  journals  and  magazines. 

CLARKE,  BAYARD,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  17,  1815,  in  New 
York  city.  He  served  in  the  second  regi 
ment  of  dragoons  through  the  Florida 
war;  resigned  in  1843,  and  settled  at 
Westchester,  N.  Y.,  which  district  he  rep 
resented  in  the  thirty-fourth  congress. 

CLARKE,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  ed 
ucator,  college  president,  was  born  July 
14,  1831,  in  Newport,  Maine.  He  gradu 
ated  from  the  Brown  university,  in  which 
institution  he  has  been  professor  and 
acting  president  for  many  years. 

CLARKE.  BEVERLY  L..  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature  in  1841  and  1842; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1849.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1847  to  1849;  and  in  1858  was  ap 
pointed  minister  to  Guatemala  and  Hon 
duras.  He  died  March  7,  1860,  in  Hon 
duras. 

CLARKE,  CHARLES  E.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1789  in  New  York.  In  1839 
and  1840  be  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly  from  Jefferson  county; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1849  to  1851.  He  died  Dec 
29.  1863. 

CLARKE.  CHARLES  J.,  business  man, 
was  born  March  15,  1833,  in  Pittsburg. 
Pa.  He  was  president  for  sixteen  years 
of  the  Mercantile  Library  Hall  Co.;  and 
is  vice-president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Col 
lege  for  Women.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
Pittsburg  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Co.;  the 
Western  Insurance  Co.;  and  a  member  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Pittsburg. 

CLARKE,  DANIEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  congress  from  the  terri 
tory  of  Orleans  or  Louisiana  from  1806  to 
1809. 


222 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CLARKE,  DORUS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1797,  in  Westhampton, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Let 
ters  to  Horace  Mann;  Oneness  of  the 
Christian  Church;  Orthodox  Congrega 
tionalism  and  the  Sects;  Saying  the 
Catechism  Seventy-five  Years  Ago  and 
the  Historical  Results;  Review  of  the 
Oberlin  Council;  Letters  to  Young  Peo 
ple  in  Manufacturing  Villages;  Revision 
of  the  English  Version  of  the  Bible;  and 
Essay  on  the  Tri-Unity  of  God.  He  died 
March  8,  1884,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CLARKE,  EDWARD  FIELDING,  law 
yer,  was  born  March  19,  1873,  in  More- 
head,  Ky.  He  studied  law  in  his  fath 
er's  office;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1894,  and  practices  his  profession  in  his 
native  city. 

CLARKE,  EDWARD  HAMMOND,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1820,  in 
Norton,  Mass.  He  was  a  prominent  phy 
sician  and  medical  writer  of  Boston;  and 
the  author  of  Sex  in  Education;  The 
Building  of  a  Brain;  Visions:  a  Study  of 
False  Sight;  and  Nature  and  Treatment 
of  Polypus  of  the  Ear.  He  died  Nov.  30, 
1877,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CLARKE,  ELIJAH,  soldier,  was  born 
in  North  Carolina.  He  became  a  captain 
in  1776,  and  distinguished  himself  in  en 
gagements  both  with  Indians  and  British 
on  the  frontiers  of  Georgia.  He  after 
ward  fought  many  battles,  and  made  sev 
eral  treaties  with  the  Creek  Indians.  He 
died  Dec.  15,  1809,  in  Wilkes  county,  Pa. 

CLARKE,  FRANK  GAY,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
10,  1850,  in  Wilton,  N.  H.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  house  of  representatives 
of  1885;  of  the  state  senate  in  1889;  re- 
elected  to  the  former  in  1891,  and  was 
chosen  speaker  of  that  body.  He  was  ap 
pointed  colonel  on  the  military  staff  of 
Governor  Hale,  and  served  in  that  ca 
pacity  from  1885  to  1887.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

CLARKE,  FRANK  WIGGLESWORTH, 
chemist,  author,  was  born  March  19,  1847, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the  chief  chemist 
of  the  United  States  geological  survey  at 
Washington;  and  the  author  of  Weights, 
Measures,  and  Money  of  All  Nations;  and 
Elements  of  Chemistry. 

CLARKE,  FREEMAN,  merchant,  bank 
er,  railroad  president,  congressman,  was 
born  March  22,  1809,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  In 
1862  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 
In  1865  he  was  appointed  comptroller  of 
the  currency;  and  in  1867  was  elected  to 
the  New  York  state  constitutional  con 
vention.  In  1870  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
second  congress,  and  in  1872  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

CLARKE,  GEORGE  ROGERS,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1752  in  Virginia.  He  was  one 
of  the  most  accomplished  and  useful  offi 
cers  of  the  western  pioneers  during  the 
revolution.  He  died  in  1848  near  Louis 
ville,  Ky. 

CLARKE.  HENRY  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  March  31,  1845,  in  Southbridge, 
Mass.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Jacob 
Clarke,  who  came  from  Bristol,  England, 
in  1679,  and  settled  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
In  1875  he  graduated  from  the  Boston 
University  Law  school  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B  ;  and  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of  Webster,  Mass.  Ho 
lias  been  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  held 
other  prominent  positions  in  his  county 
and  state. 

CLARKE.  ISAAC  A.,  soldier,  educator, 
was  born  March  22,  1837,  in  Overton  coun 


ty,  Tenn.  During  the  war  he  served  as  a 
quartermaster,  with  the  rank  of  captain, 
in  the  confederate  army.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  Clarke's  academy  of 
Berry ville,  Ark.;  has  been  county  exam 
iner;  and  is  prominent  in  educational  af 
fairs  in  the  state  of  Arkansas. 

CLARKE,  ISAAC  EDWARDS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1830  in  Massachusetts. 
He  has  been  a  lawyer  in  the  United  States 
civil  service  since  1871;  and  is  the  author 
of  Tribute  to  Bayard  Taylor;  and  Indus 
trial  and  High  Art  Education  in  the 
United  States. 

CLARKE,  JAMES,  journalist,  governor, 
was  born  in  1806  in  Westmoreland,  Pa. 
He  conducted  the  Territorial,  now  State 
Gazette  of  Burlington,  Iowa,  during  1837- 
39;  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  ter 
ritory;  and  from  1843  to  1845  resumed 
the  Gazette.  He  was  governor  of  the  ter 
ritory  in  1846;  and  again  edited  the  Ga 
zette  from  1848  until  his  death.  He  died 
July  28,  1850,  in  Burlington,  Iowa. 

CLARKE,  JAMES  C.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  1824  in  Montgomery 
county,  Md.  Since  1895  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  railroads. 

CLARKE,  JAMES  FREEMAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  4,  1810,  in 
Hanover,  N.  H.  He  was  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman  of  Boston,  who  founded  there  the 
Church  of  the  Disciples,  and  was  its  pas 
tor  from  1841  till  his  death.  He  was  es 
pecially  prominent  among  Unitarian  writ 
ers  of  the  latter  half  of  the  century,  the 
tone  of  his  thought  being  tnai  of  the 
liberal  conservative.  His  first  important 
work  was  Orthodoxy:  Its  Truths  and  Er 
rors  (1866).  Other  works  of  his  include 
Ten  Great  Religions,  Part  I,  an  Essay  In 
Comparative  Theology;  Ten  Great  Re 
ligions,  Part  II,  a  Comparison  of  All  Re 
ligions;  Christian  Doctrine  of  Prayer; 
Thomas  Didymus;  Common  Sense  in  Re 
ligion;  Steps  of  Belief;  Events  and 
Epochs  in  Religious  History;  Self-Cul 
ture;  Every  Day  Religion;  The  Ideas  of 
the  Apostle  Paul;  Memorial  and  Bio 
graphical  Sketches;  Vexed  Questions  in 
Theology;  and  Anti-Slavery  Days.  He 
died  June  8,  1888,  in  Jamaica  Plains,  Mass. 

CLARKE,  JOHN,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Delaware  in  1816  and  1817. 
He  died  in  August,  1821,  in  Smyrna,  Del. 

CLARKE,  JOHN,  physician,  author,  and 
one  of  the  founders  of  Rhode  Island,  was 
born  Oct.  8,  1609,  in  England.  He  died 
April  20,  1676,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

CLARKE,  JOHN,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  in  1766.  He  fought  under 
his  father,  General  Elijah  Clarke,  in 
the  revolutionary  army.  At  the  siege 
of  Augusta  and  at  the  battle  of 
Jack's  Creek,  in  1787,  he  greatly  dis 
tinguished  himself,  and  attained  the  rank 
of  major-general  of  the  state  militia.  He 
was  governor  of  Georgia  from  1819  to 
1823.  He  died  Oct.  15,  1832,  in  West 
Florida. 

CLARKE,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  14,  1833,  near  Au 
gusta,  Ky.  He  was  elected  county  attor 
ney  in  1858,  and  served  four  years;  and 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  of  Ken 
tucky  in  1867,  and  served  four  years.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CLARKE,  JOHN  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1793,  in  Connecticut.  He  served 
in  the  assembly  of  New  York  in  1826;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1827  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1837  to  1843.  In  1849  he  was  appoint 
ed  first  auditor  of  the  treasury.  He  died 
in  1852. 


CLARKE,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer.  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  1791  in  Eliza- 
bethtown,  N.  J.  He  served  in  the  state 
legislature;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Rhode  Island,  from  1847  to 
1853. 

CLARKE,  JOHN  MASON,  geologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  15,  1857,  in  Canan- 
daigua,  N.  Y.  From  1881  till  1884  he  was 
professor  of  geology  and  mineralogy  at 
Smith  college,  Northampton,  Mass.,  after 
which  he  filled  a  similar  chair  in  the 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  college  at  Am- 
herst,  and  in  1886  became  assistant  pale 
ontologist  of  the  state  of  New  York.  His 
published  papers  include  New  Devonian 
Crustacea;  On  Devonian  Spores;  The 
Geological  Succession  in  Ontario  County, 
N.  Y.;  and  On  the  Higher  Devonian 
Faunas  of  Ontario  County,  N.  Y. 

CLARKE,  JOHN  SLEEKER,  actor,  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1833,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  His 
professional  debut  was  made  as  Frank 
Hardy  in  Paul  Pry  at  the  Howard  Athe- 
nseum  of  Boston  when  he  was  eighteen 
years  of  age.  In  1867  he  went  to  reside  in 
London,  England.  He  played  Toodles. 
which  is  perhaps  his  finest  creation,  for 
two  hundred  nights  without  interrup 
tion  when  it  was  first  introduced  at  the 
Strand  theater,  London. 

CLARKE,  JOHN  T.,  jurist,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1834,  in  Putnam 
county,  Ga.  He  served  as  judge  of  the 
superior  courts  of  the  Pataula  circuit  in 
Georgia;  and  in  1878  was  a  member  of 
the  Georgia  state  senate. 

CLARKE,  JOSEPH  MORRISON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1827,  in 
Bethany,  Conn.  This  eminent  clergyman 
is  the  author  of  Letters  on  Christian 
Union;  Annual  Addresses;  and  numer 
ous  contributions  to  church  literature. 

CLARKE,  MAC  DONALD,  author,  poet, 
was  born  June  18,  1798,  in  Bath,  Maine. 
He  was  an  eccentric,  unbalanced  verse- 
writer  of  New  York  city,  who  was  com 
monly  styled  the  mad  poet;  and  was  the 
author  of  Poems;  Sketches  In  Verse; 
Death  in  Disguise,  a  Temperance  Poem; 
The  Gossip;  Afara,  or  the  Belles  of 
Broadway;  A  Cross  and  a  Coronet;  Elixir 
of  Moonshine;  and  Review  of  the  Eve  of 
Eternity.  He  died  March  5,  1842,  in  New 
York  city. 

CLARKE,  MRS.  MARY  BAYARD 
DEVEREUX,  author,  was  born  about  1830 
in  Raleigh,  N.  C.  She  published  Remin 
iscences  of  Cuba;  Mosses  from  a  Rolling 
Stone;  Clytie  and  Zenobia,  a  poem;  and 
Wood  Notes,  a  compilation  of  North  Caro 
lina  verse. 

CLARKE,  MARY  H.  G.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  March  28,  1835,  in  Bristol,  R.  I. 
Some  of  her  books  are:  Effie;  Fairy 
Queen  of  Dolls;  Prince  Puss-in-Boots; 
Golden  Hair  and  Her  Knight  of  the  Bean 
Stalk  in  the  Enchanted  Forest;  and  nu 
merous  others.  She  died  May  31,  1892,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

CLARKE,  MATTHEW  ST.  CLAIR. 
journalist,  state  legislator,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania.  In  1843  he  was  appointed 
sixth  auditor  of  the  treasury,  and  held 
that  office  two  years.  He  was  the  pub 
lisher  of  the  great  work  called  the  Ameri 
can  Archives,  edited  by  Peter  Force,  who 
was  also  directly  interested  in  its  publi 
cation.  He  died  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CLARKE,  NATHAN  DANE  APPLE- 
TON,  lawyer,  was  born  April  15,  1852,  in 
Alfred,  Maine.  He  graduated  from  the 
Bowdoin  college,  and  has  attained  prom 
inence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of 
Massachusetts,  and  practices  his  profes 
sion  in  Lynn. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


223 


CLARKE,  NEWMAN  S.,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Connecticut.  He  commanded  a 
brigade  in  Mexico  in  1847,  and  received 
the  brevet  of  brigadier-general,  March 
29,  1847,  for  gallant  conduct  at  the  siege 
of  Vera  Cruz.  He  died  Oct.  17,  1860,  in 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

CLARKE,  READER  WRIGHT,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May 
18,  1812,  in  Bethel,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1840-41;  was  a 
delegate,  in  1844,  to  the  Baltimore  con 
vention,  and  was  a  presidential  elector 
at  the  ensuing  election.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  congresses. 
In  1869  he  was  appointed  third  auditor  of 
the  treasury,  and  afterwards  a  collector 
of  internal  revenue  in  Ohio.  He  died  May 
23,  1872. 

CLARKE,  REBECCA  SOPHIA,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1833,  in  Norridgewock, 
Maine.  She  is  a  popular  writer  of  stories 
for  children  and  young  people,  who  was 
born  and  has  always  lived  at  Norridge 
wock,  Maine.  Of  the  former  class  are  the 
Little  Prudy  Books;  Dotty  Dimple  Series; 
and  Flaxie  Frizzle  Stories.  Of  the  lat 
ter  class  are  Her  Friend's  Lover;  Janet; 
The  Asbury  Twins;  In  Old  Quinnebasset; 
Quinnebasset  Girls;  and  The  Doctor's 
Daughter. 

CLARKE,  RICHARD,  merchant,  was 
born  in  1708.  He  became  a  merchant  in 
Boston,  and  he  and  his  sons  were  con 
signees  of  part  of  the  tea  that  was  thrown 
overboard  by  the  tea-party  in  Boston  har 
bor  in  December,  1773.  He  died  in  1795, 
in  England. 

CLARKE,  RICHARD  H.,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  3,  1827,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  He  is  a  prominent  Roman 
Catholic  lawyer  of  Washington,  and,  later, 
of  New  York,  who  has  written  many  con 
troversial  papers,  and  published  Illus 
trated  History  of  the  Catholic  Church 
in  the  United  States;  and  Lives  of  De 
ceased  Roman  Catholic  Bishops  of  the 
United  States. 

CLARKE,  RICHARD  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1843. 
in  Marengo  county,  Ala.  He  served  as  a 
lieutenant  in  the  first  battalion  of  Ala 
bama  artillery.  He  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  Marengo  county  from  1872  to 
1876,  and  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  the 
seventh  judicial  circuit  from  1876  to  1877. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first,  fifty-sec 
ond,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses 
as  aidemocrat. 

CLARKE,  ROBERT,  surveyor,  was  born 
In  London,  England.  In  1639  he  sat  as  a 
freeman  in  the  Maryland  legislature,  in 
1640  was  deputy  surveyor,  and  in  1649 
surveyor-general  of  the  province.  He 
died  in  Maryland. 

CLARKE,  ROBERT,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  May  1,  1829,  in  Scotland.  He 
edited  Col.  George  Rogers  Clarke's  Cam 
paign  in  the  Illinois  in  1778-79;  James 
McBride's  Pioneer  Biographies;  Captain 
James  Smith's  Captivity  with  the  Indians; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  pamphlet  entitled 
The  Pre-Historic  Remains  Which  Were 
Found  on  the  Site  of  the  City  of  Cin 
cinnati,  with  a  Vindication  of  the  Cin 
cinnati  Tablet. 

CLARKE,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1599  in  England.  He 
published,  besides  theological  works  and 
a  famous  General  Martyrology,  A  True 
and  Faithful  Account  of  the  Four  Chief- 
est  Plantations  of  the  English  in  America; 
and  New  Description  of  the  World.  He 
died  in  1682. 

CLARKE,  SAMUEL  FESSENDEN,  nat 
uralist,  author,  was  born  June  4,  1851,  in 


Geneva,  111.  During  1874-75  he  was  as 
sistant  to  the  United  States  fish  commis 
sion,  and  from  1879  till  1881  assistant  in 
the  biological  laboratory  at  Johns  Hop 
kins  university.  In  1882  he  became  lec 
turer  in  biology  at  Smith  college,  and 
also  professor  of  natural  sciences  at  Will 
iams  college. 

CLARKE,  SARA  J.,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  12,  1840,  in  Norridgewock,  Maine. 
She  is  the  author  of  the  Little  Miss 
Weezy  Series  and  the  Silver  Gate  Series, 
which  have  become  very  popular. 

CLARKE,  SIDNEY,  soldier,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1831,  in 
Southbridge,  Mass.  He  published  the 
Southbridge  Press.  In  1858  he  moved  to 
Kansas,  and  settled  in  Lawrence.  He 
was*a  member  of  the  state  legislature  in 
1862;  and  subsequently  rendered  military 
service  against  the  rebellion  as  a  captain 
of  volunteers,  and  assistant  provost  mar 
shal-general.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Kansas  to  the  thirty-ninth, 
fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses  as  a 
republican,  and  made  chairman  of  Indian 
affairs. 

CLARKE,  STALE Y  N.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1841  to  1843. 

CLARKE,  WALTER.  He  was  a  col 
onial  governor  of  Rhode  Island  and  lived 
in  the  seventeenth  century. 

CLARKE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  explorer, 
governor,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1770,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  associated  with  Lewis, 
and  conducted  the  first  exploring  expedi 
tion  across  the  American  continent  to  the 
Columbia  river,  and  gave  the  names  of 
Lewis  and  Clarke  to  the  two  tributaries 
of  that  river.  He  was  promoted  to  brig 
adier-general,  and  was  governor  of  Louis 
iana  territory  from  1813-20.  He  died 
Sept.  1,  1838,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

CLARKSON,  FLOYD,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  27,  1831,  in  New  York  city.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war,  ami  in  1866 
was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  for  faith 
ful  and  meritorious  services.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  the  Union  Dime  Savings  bank 
of  New  York  city,  and  president  of  the 
Riverside  bank.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1894,  in 
New  York  city. 

CLARKSON,  JAMES  SULLIVAN,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  May  17,  1842,  in  Brook- 
ville,  Ind.  He  has  been  first  assistant 
postmaster  -  general, 
and  chairman  of  the 
republican  national 
committee.  He  has 
a  natural  aptitude 
and  love  for  politics. 
He  was  mad°  rhair- 
man  of  the  republi 
can  state  committee 
when  but  twenty- 
four  years  of  age; 
and  when  twenty- 
five  was  offered  the 
Swiss  mission  by 
President  Grant.  In  1871  he  was  appoint 
ed  postmaster  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  which 
he  filled  until  1877.  He  began  4ife  as  a 
school  teacher;  learned  the  printing  busi 
ness  and  worked  on  the  Daily  State  Reg 
ister  of  Des  Moines,  of  which  he  became 
foreman,  reporter,  night  editor,  city  edi 
tor,  and  editor-in-chief.  This  publication, 
with  his  brother,  he  purchased  in  1870, 
which  he  has  made  the  leading  paper  of 
Iowa.  He  is  president  of  the  Republican 
league  of  the  United  States,  and  one  of 
the  foremost  political  leaders  in  America. 

CLARKSON,  MATTHEW,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1785  to 
1786. 


CLARKSON,  ROBERT  HARPER,  bi,;l.- 
op,  author,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1826,  1.1 
Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  was  consecrated  mis 
sionary  bishop  of  Nebraska  and  Dakota, 
in  Chicago  in  1865,  and  three  years  later, 
when  Nebraska  was  organized  as  a  dio 
cese  and  admitted  into  union  with  the 
general  convention,  he  was  chosen  to  be 
the  bishop  of  the  new  diocese.  He  died 
March  10,  1884,  in  Omaha,  Neb. 

CLARY,  JOSEPH  MONROE,  educator, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  July  28,  1861, 
in  Saline  county,  111.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  work  entitled  Our  Nation's  History  and 
Song. 

CLARY,  ROBERT  EMMET,  soldier,  was 
born  March  21,  1805,  in  Ashfield,  Mass. 
He  served  in  the  Florida  war  of  1840-41; 
and  at  various  posts  till  the  civil  war. 
In  1865  he  was  brevetted  brigadier-gen 
eral  for  his  services  during  the  war.  He 
died  Jan.  19,  1890,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CLASON,  ISAAC  STARR,  educator, 
actor,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1789  in 
New  York.  He  was  the  author  of  Horace 
in  New  York,  a  collection  of  poems,  full 
of  the  New  York  gossip  of  the  day,  and 
celebrating,  among  others,  Madame  Mali- 
bran,  then  the  chief  operatic  singer.  He 
died  in  1834  in  London,  England. 

CLAWSON,  ISAIAH  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  March  30,  1822,  in  Woodstown, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  Jer 
sey  assembly  in  1853,  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the  thir 
ty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 

CLAXTON,  KATE,  actress,  was  born 
in  1848  in  New  York  city.  She  first  ap 
peared  with  Lotta  in  Chicago,  but  at 
tracted  no  attention  until  the  production 
of  Led  Astray,  in  1873. 

CLAY,  ALEXANDER  STEPHENS, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  25 

,  in  Cobb  county,  Ga.  He  was  elected 

a  member  of  the  city  council  in  1880  and 
re-elected  in  1881;  and  in  1884-85  and 
1886-87  represented  Cobb  county  in  the 
general  assembly  of  the  state.  In  the  lat 
ter  term  he  was  elected  speaker  pro- 
tempore;  was  re-elected  for  1889-90,  and 
served  as  speaker  for  two  years.  In  1892 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  and 
served  as  president  of  that  body  for  two 
years.  In  1894  he  was  elected  chairman 
of  the  state  democratic  executive  com 
mittee,  and  conducted  the  state  campaign 
between  the  democrats  and  populists  that 
year,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  same  posi 
tion  in  1896,  and  still  occupies  the  place. 
He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  as  a  democrat  for  term  of  1897-1903. 

CLAY,  BRUTUS  J.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  July  1,  1808,  in 
Madison  county,  Ky.  In  1840  he  served  in 
the  Kentucky  state  legislature.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

CLAY,  CASSIUS  MARCELLUS,  states 
man,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1810,  in  Madison 
county,  Ky.  He  was  a  member  of  the 

Kentucky  legislature 

in     1835,     1837     and 
tiHK  1840,  and  of  the  na 

tional  whig  conven 
tion  of  1840,  at  Har- 
risburg.  He  stumped 
the  northern  states 
for  Henry  Clay  for 
the  presidency  in 
1844;  in  1845,  issued, 
in  Lexington,  The 
True  American,  a 
weekly  anti-slavery 
paper;  in  August  his 
press  was  seized  by  a  mob,  and  the  paper 
was  afterwards  printed  in  Cincinnati  and 
published  in  Lexington,  whither  he  had 
removed  in  1840,  and  later  in  Louisville. 


224 


HERRINOBHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGHA1MIV. 


CLAY,  CLEMENT  CLAIBORNE,  JR., 
slate  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1819  in  Madison,  Ala.  He 
served  in  the  legislature  of  Alabama  in 
1842,  1844  and  1845,  and  was  elected  in 
1846  a  judge  of  the  Madison  county  court. 
In  1852  he  was  a  presidential  elector,  and 
in  1853  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Alabama.  In  1859  he  was  re-elected 
for  the  term  of  six  years,  receiving  every 
vote  in  the  legislature.  He  was  expelled 
from  the  senate  March  14,  1861,  and  took 
part  in  the  rebellion  of  that  year,  and 
was  subsequently  confined  in  Portress 
Monroe  as  a  prisoner  of  state. 

CLAY,  CLEMENT  COMER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
Dec.  17,  1789,  in  Halifax  county,  Va.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  territorial 
council  of  Alabama,  and  in  1819  was 
elected  one  of  the  judges  of  the  circuit 
court,  and  in  1820  was  chosen  chief  justice 
of  that  court.  In  1828  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature,  and  was  made 
speaker.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Alabama  from  1827  to  1835, 
and  in  1835  was  elected  governor  of  Ala 
bama,  serving  two  years.  In  1837  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  for  the  term 
ending  in  1842.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1866,  in 
Huntsville,  Ala. 

CLAY,  GRKEN,  soldier,  surveyor,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1757,  in  Pow- 
liatan  county.  Va.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  of  the  Kentucky  district  in  the  Vir 
ginia  legislature:  a  member  of  the  con 
vention  that  ratified  the  federal  consti 
tution,  and  a  leading  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  constitutional  convention  of  1799. 
He  died  Oct.  31,  1826,  in  Kentucky. 

•  CLAY,  HENRY,  statesman,  orator,  was 
born  April  12,  1777.  in  Hanover  county, 
Vn  He  was  sent  to  the  senate  from 
Kentucky  in  180fi, 
and  from  that  date, 
his  life,  time  and 
talents  were  inter 
woven  with  the  po 
litical  welfare  of  his 
country.  He  was 
thrice  a  candidate 
for  the  presidency, 
but  his  adherence  to 
principle  instead  of 
party  lost  for  him 
the  unanimous  vote. 
When  warned  by  his 
friends  that  his  compromise  bill  would 
lessen  his  chances  for  the  presidency,  he 
gave  his  ever-remembered  reply:  I  would 
rather  be  right  than  president.  He  be 
came  a  United  States  senator  for  nearly 
half  a  century.  He  died  June  29,  1852,  in 
Washington,  I).  C. 

CLAY,  HENRY  DE  B..  soldier,  was 
born  June  22,  1843,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In 
1860  he  graduated  from  Mount  Pleasant 
military  academy  of 
Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.  He 
served  through  the 
civil  war  as  captain, 
and  after  the  war  ac- 
companied  his  regi- 
I  ment  to  the  frontier. 
I  and  served  in  Ari- 

•   zona,  California,  Ore- 

f    gon  and  Washington 
g^B>         *^^^^.    "'I'ritory,      and      re- 
•k          ^k      I    signed      from      the 
«k    *  jfl        I    army     in     1870.      In 
1876  he  was  called  to 

organize  and  command  as  colonel  the 
Centennial  Guards,  a  semi-military  police 
of  twelve  hundred  men.  In  1883  he  was 
president  of  the  Eastern  Lunatic  asylum 
of  Willlamsburg.  Va..  and  for  two  years 
was  collector  of  customs  at  Newport  News. 
In  1885  he  was  commander  of  the  G.  A.  R. 


department  of  Virginia  and  North  Caro 
lina,  and  received  the  re-election  the  fol 
lowing  year.  During  1891-96  he  was  pres 
ident  of  the  state  league  of  republican 
clubs  of  Virginia,  and  for  three  years  was 
again  collector  of  customs  at  Newport 
News,  during  1890-93. 

CLAY,  JAMES  BROWN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Washington  City.  D.  C.,  Nov. 
9,  1817.  He  was  elected  to  congress  in 
1857,  serving  one  term  on  the  committee 
on  foreign  affairs,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  peace  convention  of  1861.  held  in 
Washington.  He  was  identified  with  the 
rebellion  of  1861.  He  died  Jan.  26,  186).  in 
Montreal,  Canada. 

CLAY,  JAMES  F.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1840.  in  Hen 
derson,  Ky.  He  was  a  state  senator  froni 
1872  to  1875,  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

CLAY,  JAMES  RALPH,  educator,  was 
born  Aug.  19,  1867,  near  Camden  Pt.,  Mo. 
He  attended  the  Gem  City  Business  col 
lege  of  Quincy,  111.,  and  the  Normal 
school  of  Chillicothe,  Mo.  He  has  prin 
cipally  been  engaged  in  educational  work, 
and  is  the  vice-president  of  the  Epworth 
league  at  Dearborn,  Mo. 

CLAY,  JOHN  RANDOLPH,  diplomat, 
was  born  in  1808  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
In  1830  he  went  to  Russia  as  secretary 
of  legation,  and  in  1836  was  appointed 
charge  d'affaires  to  the  same  country. 
In  1838  he  was  made  secretary  of  lega 
tion  to  Austria;  and  in  1845  went  back 
to  Russia  in  the  same  capacity.  In  1847 
he  was  appointed  charge  d'affaires  to 
Peru,  and  in  1853  raised  to  the  rank  of 
minister  plenipotentiary  to  the  same  coun 
try,  remaining  there  until  isiin. 

CLAY,  JOSEPH,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1741.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  Georgia  to  the  continental  congress 
Horn  1778  to  1780.  and  was  judge  of  the 
district  *ourt  of  Georgia  from  1796  to 
1MI1.  He  was  paymaster-general  of  the 
southern  department  during  the  revolu 
tion.  He  died  Jan.  Hi.  1805.  in  Savannah. 
Ga. 

CLAY,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1764.  in  Savannah, 
(la.  He  was  a  leading  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention,  and  was 
United  States  district  judge  of  Georgia 
from  1796-1801.  He  died  .Jan.  11,  1811.  in 
Host  on,  Mass. 

CLAY,   MATTHEW,  congressman.     He 

was   a    representative  in    congress    from 

Virginia  from  1797  to  1813.  He  died  in 
1815. 

CLAY,  THOMAS  H.,  diplomat,  was  born 
in  1803,  in   Kentucky,  and   son  of  Henry 
clay.     In  1862  he  was  appointed  minister 
resident  to  Nicaragua,  where  he  remained 
until    1866.      During   the   same   period    he 
was  accredited  as  minister  to  Honduras. 
He  died  March  18,  1871,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 
CLAYPOOL,   BENJAMIN   F.,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  12.  1825,  in  Conners- 
ville,  Ind.     He  was  in  1856  a  delegate  to 
the         Philadelphia 
convention         that 
nominated     John     C. 
Bh       Fremont.      In      186U 
^^£:       Hi       he  was  fleeted  Sena- 
£^^H        tor  from  the  counties 
of       Fayette       and 
Union.       In    1874    he 
was  the  nominee  for 
congress  in  the  then 
fifth       congressional 
district.  Became 

president  of  the  Na 
tional  Farmers'  con 
gress. 


CLAYTON.  ALEXANDER  M.,  jurist. 
He  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Arkansas 
when  it  was  a  territory,  and  in  1835  was 
appointed  one  of  the  United  States  judges 
for  that  district. 

CLAYTON,  AUGUSTIN  SMITH,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  27, 
1783,  in  Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  superior  court;  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1829,  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1831  to  1835.  He  died  June  21,  1839. 
at  Athens,  Ga. 

CLAYTON,  BENJAMIN  F.,  farmer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  1839,  near 
Carlisle,  Ky.  He  moved  to  Indiana  in 

1855,  and  to  Iowa  in 

fl^HHBHHUB  1873.  He  is  a  suc- 
6  cessful  farmer  and 
I  business  man;  has 
I  lectured  extensively. 
I  and  contributed  to 
I  current  literature. 
I  He  has  been  a  mem- 
I  her  of  the  Iowa  house 
•  of  representatives 
for  three  terms;  and 
has  been  president 
of  the  board  of  trus 
tees  of  Simpson  col 
lege  of  Indianola,  Iowa.  For  four  years 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Farmers' 
National  congress  of  the  United  States; 
and  in  1895  was  president  of  the  Pan- 
American  Agricultural  parliament  at  At 
lanta,  Ga.  In  1896  he  was  prominently 
identified  as  a  nominee  for  the  governor 
ship  of  Iowa. 

CLAYTON,  CHARLES,  surveyor,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1825 
in  England.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1863-66;  a  member  of 
the  board  of  supervisors  of  San  Francisco 
from  1864  to  1869;  and  in  1870  was  ap 
pointed  surveyor  of  customs  of  the  port 
and  district  of  San  Francisco.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  committees  on  commerce  and 
the  centennial  celebration. 

CLAYTON,  HENRY  D.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Barbour  county, 
Ala.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

CLAYTON,  JOHN  M1DDLETON,  law 
yer.  United  States  senator,  was  born  July 
24,  1796,  in  Sussex  county,  Del.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature,  and  subse 
quently  secretary  of  the  state  of  Delaware. 
In  1829  he  was  chosen  a  senator  in  con 
gress  and  re-elected  in  1835.  He  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  of  Delaware,  and 
was  again  elected  to  the  federal  senate  in 
1845,  and  was  a  senator  until  1849,  when 
he  became  secretary  of  state  under  Presi 
dent  Taylor.  During  this  period  he  nego 
tiated  the  famous  Clayton-Bulwer  treaty, 
and  was  for  the  third  time  elected  to  the 
senate,  taking  his  seat  in  March,  1851. 
He  died  Nov.  9,  1856,  in  Dover,  Del. 

CLAYTON,  JOSHUA.  United  States  sen 
ator,  governor.  He  was  president  of 
Delaware  from  1789  to  1793;  governor 
from  1793  to  1796;  and  was  chosen  senator 
of  the  United  States  In  1798.  He  died  Aug 
11,  1798,  in  Middletown,  Del. 

CLAYTON.  POWELL,  soldier,  railroad 
president,  United  States  senator,  governor, 
was  born  Aug.  7.  1833,  in  Bethel,  Pa.  He 
entered  the  union  army  in  Kansas,  and 
was  promoted  to  brigadier-general  in 
1864.  He  settled  in  Arkansas  at  the  close 
of  the  war  as  a  planter;  was  elected  gov 
ernor  in  1868,  and  United  States  senator 
in  1871,  for  the  term  ending  in  1877.  Since 
1888  he  has  been  president  of  the  Eureka 
Springs  railway. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


225 


CLAYTON,  THOMAS,  jurist,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  9,  1778,  in  Newcastle,  Del.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Dela 
ware  from  1813  to  1817;  United  States  sen 
ator  from  1823  to  1826,  and  again  from 
1837  to  1847.  He  was,  at  different  periods, 
a  member  of  the  Delaware  legislature, 
chief  justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas, 
and  of  the  superior  court.  He  died  Aug. 
21,  1854,  in  Newcastle,  Del. 

CLAYTOR,  GRAHAM,  lawyer,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1852,  in  Bedford 
county,  Va.  For  many  years  he  taught 
school;  then  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law  at  Bedford  City,  Va.;  and  in  1895  was 
elected  the  commonwealth's  attorney.  He 
is  the  author  of  two  novels  of  southern 
life,  and  a  book  of  pastoral  poems. 

CLEARY,  KATE  PHELIM,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1863,  in  Canada.  A 
number  of  excellent  short  stories  and 
poems  have  appeared  from  the  pen  of  this 
author  in  standard  collections  and  in 
current  magazines. 

CLEAVELAND,  J.  F.,  merchant,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Georgia  from  1836  to  1839. 
He  subsequently  removed  to  Charleston, 
where  he  became  a  merchant.  He  died 
May  19,  1841. 

CLEAVELAND,  JOHN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  22,  1722,  in  Canter 
bury,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  min 
ister  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  author  of 
The  Work  of  God  at  Chebacco  (now  Es 
sex)  in  1763;  Essay  to  Defend  Christ's 
Sacrifice  and  Atonement  against  Asper 
sions  Cast  on  the  Same  by  Dr.  Mayhew; 
Reply  to  Dr.  Maybe w's  Letter  of  Reproof; 
and  Treatise  on  Infant  Baptism.  He  died 
April  22,  1799,  in  Ipswich,  Mass. 

CLEAVELAND,  MOSES,  pioneer,  was 
born  Jan.  29,  1754,  in  Canterbury,  Conn. 
He  was  commissioned  captain  of  a  com 
pany  of  sappers  and  miners  in  1779,  served 
for  several  years,  and  then  resumed  legal 
practice.  He  was  several  times  elected  to 
the  legislature,  and  in  1796  was  commis 
sioned  brigadier-general  of  militia.  He 
died  Nov.  16,  1806,  in  Canterbury,  Conn. 

CLEAVELAND,  NEHEMIAH,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1796  in  Topsfleld, 
Mass.  He  was  an  educator  of  Massachu 
setts,  who  published  a  History  of  Bow- 
doin  College,  with  Biographical  Sketches 
of  Its  Graduates,  1806-79,  which  was  edited 
and  completed  by  A.  S.  Packard.  He  died 
in  1877. 

CLEAVELAND,  PARKER,  educator, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1780, 
in  Rowley,  Mass.  In  1799  he  graduated 
from  Bowdoin  col 
lege;  and  then  en 
tered  educational 
work.  In  1805  he 
became  professor  of 
mathematics  and 
natural  philosophy 
in  Bowdoin  college; 
I  itf"  ^4  and  subsequently  lec 

tured  extensively  on 
r-m.  the  sciences  of  chem 
istry  and  mineral 
ogy.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  work  on 
Mineralogy;  and  contributed  extensively 
to  scientific  journals.  He  gained  the  title 
of  the  father  of  American  mineralogy. 
He  died  Oct.  15,  1858,  in  Brunswick,  Maine. 

CLEAVELAND,  WILLIAM  WALDO, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1864,  In 
Lake  City,  Fla.  In  1893  he  organized  a 
stock  company  to  handle  and  manufac 
ture  furniture  on  a  scale  never  before  at 
tempted  in  Florida. 

15 


CLEAVES,  HENRY  BRADSTREET, 
lawyer,  legislator,  governor.  He  was  ed 
ucated  in  the  common  schools  of  Maine, 
and  at  Bridgton  and 
Lewiston  Falls  acad 
emies.  He  served  un 
der  Grant  and  Sheri 
dan  in  the  war  for 
the  preservation  of 
the  union,  and  at 
its  close  was  offered 
a  commission  in  the 
regular  army  by  sec 
retary  of  war  Stan- 
ton,  which  was  de 
clined.  He  served  as 
city  solicitor  of  Port 
land,  Maine,  and  represented  that  city  in 
the  state  legislature  two  terms.  He 
served  five  years  as  attorney-general  of 
Maine.  In  1893  he  was  elected  governor 
of  Maine,  and  served  with  distinction  for 
two  terms,  and  upon  Governor  Cleaves' 
retiring  from  this  office  in  January,  1897, 
both  branches  of  the  legislature  unan 
imously  passed  resolutions  commending 
his  honorable  service. 

CLEAVES,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  in  January,  1835, 
in  Bridgton,  Maine.  He  was  elected  city 
solicitor  of  Portland,  Maine,  in  1869;  and 
has  represented  that  city  twice  in  the 
legislature,  and  been  judge  of  probate  for 
the  county. 

CLELAND,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  22,  1778,  in  Fairfax 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  of  Kentucky,  much  inclined  to  con 
troversy,  who  published  Letters  on  Camp- 
bellism;  The  Socini-Arian  Detected;  and 
Unitarianism  Unmasked.  He  died  Jan.  31, 
1858,  in  Fairfax  county,  Va. 

CLEMENS,  JEREMIAH,  soldier,  United 
States  senator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  28, 
1814,  in  Huntsville,  Ala.  In  1830-41  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature;  in  1842  raised  a  company  of  vol 
unteer  troops  and  went  to  Texas,  having 
been  appointed  lieutenant-colonel,  and 
was  subsequently  appointed  to  the  same 
office  in  the  regular  army.  In  1843  and 
1844  he  was  again  elected  to  the  legis 
lature;  in  1844  was  a  presidential  elector, 
and  in  1848  was  appointed  governor  of  the 
civil  and  military  department  of  purchase 
in  Mexico,  which  position  he  held  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Alabama  from  1849  to  1853. 
He  was  the  author  of  Bernard  Lile; 
Mustang  Gray;  The  Rivals;  and  Tobias 
Wilson.  He  died  May  21,  1865,  in  Hunts- 
vUte,  Ala. 

CLEMENS,  SAMUEL  LANGHORNE. 
author,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1835,  in  Flor 
ida,  Mo.  He  is  a  celebrated  humorist, 
who,  after  an  eventful  experience  as  a 
journalist,  rose  to  fame  by  the  publication 
of  The  Innocents  Abroad,  a  volume  of  ex 
travagantly  humorous  travels,  which  still 
remains  his  most  popular  book.  Only  a 
very  small  portion  of  his  writing  has  any 
place  as  literature,  but  as  an  author  he  is 
one  of  the  most  popular  and  successful 
of  his  time.  Other  works  of  his  are:  A 
Tramp  Abroad;  Roughing  It;  Tom  Saw 
yer;  The  Gilded  Age  (with  C.  D.  War 
ner);  The  Jumping  Frog;  Life  on  the 
Mississippi;  Huckleberry  Finn;  Merry 
Tales;  A  Connecticut  Yankee  at  King  Ar 
thur's  Court;  Tom  Sawyer  Abroad; 
Pudd'nhead  Wilson;  The  American  Claim 
ant.  The  Prince  and  the  Pauper;  and  Joan 
of  Arc,  are  works  in  a  serious  vein,  the 
first  being  his  most  finished  production. 

CLEMENS,  SHERRARD,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  28,  1826,  in 
Wheeling,  Va.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  congress  from  1852  to  1853,  and  was 


elected    to    the    thirty-fifth    and      thirty- 
sixth  congresses. 

CLEMENS,  WILLIAM  M.,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1859.  He  is  a  jour 
nalist  of  Cleveland;  and  the  author  of 
Life  and  Times  of  John  Brown,  and  The 
Nemesis  of  Passion. 

CLEMENT,  MRS.  CLARA  ERSKINE, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1834,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  Her  first  work,  the  Simple 
Story  of  the  Orient,  was  printed  private 
ly  in  1869.  She  has  published  Legendary 
and  Mythological  Art;  Painters,  Sculp 
tors,  Architects,  Engravers,  and  their 
Works;  Artists  of  the  Nineteenth  Cen 
tury  and  their  Works,  in  conjunction  with 
Laurence  Hutton;  Eleanor  Maitland,  a 
novel;  History  of  Egypt;  three  Hand- 
Books  of  Painting,  Sculpture  and  Archi 
tecture;  Christian  Symbols  and  Stories  of 
the  Saints;  and  Stories  of  Art  and  Ar 
tists. 

CLEMENTS,  ANDREW  J.,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1832  in  Jack 
son  county,  Tenn.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Tennessee  in  the  thir 
ty-seventh  congress,  and  in  1866  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  Tennessee. 

CLEMENTS,  CHARLES  WESLEY, 
merchant,  legislator,  was  born  July  22, 
1851,  near  Church  Hill,  Md.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  merchant  of  Crumpton,  Md.; 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  house  of  delegates  of  Maryland  in 
1894;  and  has  always  taken  an  active  part 
in  politics. 

CLEMENTS,  EMMA  NEWBOLD,  tem 
perance  reformer.  She  became  greatly  in 
terested  in  temperance  reform  in  1884; 
has  been  the  president  of  two  local  unions 
of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
union,  and  one  of  its  national  superin 
tendents. 

CLEMENTS,  ISAAC,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1837  in  Frank 
lin  county,  Ind.  He  entered  the  union 
army  as  second  lieutenant  of  infantry 
in  1861,  and  remained  in  the  service  three 
years.  He  was  appointed  register  in 
bankruptcy  in  June,  1867,  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

CLEMENTS,  JUDSON  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1846,  in 
Walker  county,  Ga.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1872  for  the  term  of  two  years,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1874.  He  was  elected  a 
state  senator  in  1877,  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Georgia  to  the  forty- 
seventh,  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  con 
gresses. 

.CLEMENTS,  NEWTON  N.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1837,  in 
Tuskaloosa  county,  Ala.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Tuskaloosa  Manufacturing 
company,  and  was  a  representative  in  the 
legislature  of  Alabama  in  1870-78.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ala 
bama  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 

CLEMENTS,  SAMUEL,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1825,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1870  he  had  the  care  for 
a  year  of  a  missionary  training  school; 
at  the  end  of  that  time  he  was  led  to  es 
tablish,  near  Philadelphia,  the  Chelten 
ham  academy,  a  military  school  for  boys, 
where  hundreds  have  been  educated  for 
lives  of  usefulness.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1888. 

CLEMMER,  MARY,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1838.  She  was  one  of  America's 
best  newspaper  correspondents;  and  the 
author  of  Memorial  of  Alice  and  Phoebe 
Cary,  His  Two  Wives,  a  volume  of  poems. 
She  died  in  1884. 


|6 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CLENDENEN,  DAVID,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  rongress  from 
Ohio  from  1814  to  1815  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
and  again  from  1815  to  1817. 

CLENDENING,  JAMES  H.,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  17,  1834,  in  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 
He  graduated  from  the  Columbia  law 
college  and  has  attained  prominence  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 
He  was  postmaster  of  his  city  for  eight 
years;  and  for  eight  years  president  of 
the  Fort  Smith  chamber  of  commerce; 
and  in  1893  he  served  as  a  national  com 
missioner  to  the  World's  Fair.  He  served 
with  distinction  during  the  civil  war;  en 
listed  from  Iowa  in  1862,  and  mustered 
out  as  lieutenant-colonel  in  1865. 

CLENDENING,  JOHN,  engineer,  rail 
road  manager,  was  born  July  15,  1854,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Since  1870  he  has  been 
in  the  railway  service;  and  has  filled 
numerous  important  positions.  He  is  now 
roadmaster  of  the  Southern  Pacific  com 
pany  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  and  also 
takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs 
of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

CLEPHANE,  JAMES  O..  lawyer,  inven 
tor,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1842,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  In  1892  he  was  elected  vice- 
president  of  the  Linotype  Reporting  and 
Printing  company,  and  he  devoted  a  large 
amount  of  capital  and  enterprise  toward 
the  development  of  the  graphophone. 

CLEVELAND,  AARON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1744,  in  Haddam, 
Conn.  He  was  a  poet  who  late  in  life 
became  a  congregational  minister.  Ho 
was  the  great-grandfather  of  President 
Cleveland.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Philosopher  and  Boy,  and  Slavery  Con 
sidered,  both  productions  in  verse.  He 
died  Sept.  21,  1815. 

CLEVELAND,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  jur 
ist,  was  born  March  26,  1738,  in  Virginia. 
He  served  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and 
attained  the  rank  of  captain.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  settled  in  Tugalo 
Valley,  and  was  judge  in  old  Pendleton 
county  for  many  years.  He  died  October, 
1806,  in  Tugalo  Valley,  S.  C. 

CLEVELAND,  CHARLES  DEXTER, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1802,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  was  an  educator  of 
Philadelphia,  who  published  Compen- 
diums  of  English,  American,  and  Classical 
Literature;  English  Literature  of  tho 
Nineteenth  Century;  and  critical  edition 
of  Milton,  with  notes  and  life.  He  died 
Aug.  18,  1869,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CLEVELAND,  CHAUNCEY  FITCH, 
was  born  Feb.  16,  1799,  in  Hampton,  Conn. 
He  was  in  the  Connecticut  legislature  for 
ten  terms,  1826-1848;  and  was  twice 
elected  speaker.  He  was  appointed  at 
torney  for  the  state  in  1832;  was  govern 
or  of  Connecticut  in  1842-43,  and  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  1849  to  1853.  He 
died  June  6,  1887,  in  Hampton,  Conn. 

CLEVELAND,  CYNTHIA  ELOISE,  law 
yer,  lecturer,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1845,  in 
Canton,  N.  Y.  She  received  her  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools,  and  at  the  Me 
dina  academy.  She  has  been  eminently 
successful  as  a  lawyer,  lecturer  and 
writer;  was  vice-president  of  the  Wo 
man's  National  Temperance  union,  and 
director  of  the  American  Author's  guild. 
She  lectured  in  1884  on  the  public  plat 
form  in  behalf  of  Grover  Cleveland.  She 
is  the  only  woman  ever  appointed  to  clas 
sified  service  from  civil  service  register 
upon  the  law  examination.  She  now  is 
auditing  money  order  accounts  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  She  is  the  author  of  a  politi 
cal  novel  entitled  See  Saw,  or  Civil  Serv 
ice  in  the  Departments;  and  Is  It  Fate? 


CLEVELAND,  GROVER,  twenty-second 
president  of  the  United  States,  was  born 
March  18,  1837,  in  Caldwell,  N.  J.  In 
1855  he  entered  a 
law  office  in  Buffalo 
as  clerk,  at  four  dol 
lars  a  week,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1859.  He  was  as 
sistant  district  attor- 
|  ney  of  Erie  county 
for  three  years,  be 
ginning  January  1, 
1863.  In  1865  he  was 
a  candidate  for  dis 
trict  attorney,  and 
was  beaten.  He  was 

elected  sheriff  of  Erie  county  in  1870  for 
three  years.  He  was  elected  mayor  of 
Buffalo  in  1881  for  the  term  beginning 
Jan.  1,  1882.  In  November,  1882,  he  was 
elected  governor  of  New  York  by  192,854 
plurality  over  Charles  J.  Folger,  and  took 
the  oath  of  office  Jan.  1,  1883.  July  8,  1884, 
the  democratic  national  convention  met 
at  Chicago.  The  rules  required  a  two- 
thirds  vote  to  nominate.  On  the  first 
ballot  Grover  Cleveland  received  392 
votes;  Thomas  F.  Bayard,  Delaware,  170; 
Allen  G.  Thurman,  Ohio,  88;  Samuel  J. 
Randall,  Pennsylvania,  78;  Joseph  Mc 
Donald,  Indiana,  56;  John  G.  Carlisle, 
Kentucky,  27;  Roswell  P.  Flower,  New 
York,  4;  George  Hoadly,  Ohio,  3;  -Samuel 
J.  Tilden,  New  York,  1,  and  Thomas  A. 
Hendricks,  Indiana,  1  vote.  The  second 
vote  stood:  Cleveland,  683;  Bayard, 
81%;  Hendricks,  45%;  Thurman,  4;  Ran 
dall,  4,  and  McDonald,  2.  Cleveland's 
nomination  was  made  unanimous  by 
Thomas  A.  Hendricks,  of  Indiana,  who 
was  then  nominated  for  vice-president 
by  acclamation.  The  election  in  Novem 
ber  was  very  close,  the  popular  vote  be 
ing  4,911,017  for  Cleveland  and  4,848,334 
for  Elaine,  giving  Cleveland  62,683  plu 
rality.  In  the  state  of  New  York  the 
Cleveland  electors  carried  the  state  by 
1,047  plurality,  giving  him  the  36  electoral 
votes  of  that  state  and  a  majority  of  37 
in  the  electoral  college.  He  resigned  as 
governor  of  New  York  Jan.  6,  and  waa 
inaugurated  President  March  4,  1885.  The 
democratic  national  convention  met  at  St. 
Louis  June  5,  1888,  and  unanimously  re- 
nominated  Cleveland  for  president.  Al 
len  G.  Thurman  was  nominated  for  vice- 
president.  They  were  beaten  at  the  No 
vember  election.  Grover  Cleveland  was 
again  elected  to  the  presidency  of  the 
United  States  and  served  during  1893-97. 

CLEVELAND,  HENRY  RUSSELL,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1809.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  Classical  Education  of  Boys;  and 
Life  of  Henry  Hudson.  He  died  June  12, 
1843,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

CLEVELAND,  HORACE  WILLIAM 
SHALER,  author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1814, 
in  Lancaster,  Mass.  He  is  a  noted  land 
scape  gardener  of  Minneapolis;  and  the 
author  of  Hints  to  Riflemen;  Landscape 
Architecture;  and  Voyages  of  a  Merchant 
Navigator. 

CLEVELAND,  JESSE,  merchant,  pat 
riarch,  was  born  in  February,  1785,  in 
Spartanburg,  S.  C.  He  settled  in  Spar- 
tanburg  in  1810;  opened  the  second  store 
in  that  place,  and  was  its  leading  mer 
chant  for  forty-one  years.  He  became  the 
patriarch  of  the  county,  and  the  founder 
of  the  largest,  wealthiest  and  most  in 
fluential  families  of  northern  South  Caro 
lina.  He  died  Dec.  3,  1851,  in  Spartan- 
burg,  S.  C. 

CLEVELAND,  ORESTES,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  March  2,  1829,  in 
Duanesburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  in  the  city 


councils  of  Jersey  City  in  1861-62;  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  aldermen  one  year; 
was  mayor  of  the  city  in  1864,  1865  and 
1866;  and  rendered  the  union  cause  some 
financial  help  in  1864.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
forty-first  congress,  serving  on  the  com 
mittees  on  territories  and  manufactures. 

CLEVELAND,  RICHARD  JEFFREY, 
author,  was  born  In  1773  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  the  author  of  Voyages  and 
Commercial  Enterprises;  and  Voyages  of 
a  Merchant  Navigator  of  the  Days  tnat 
are  Past.  He  died  in  1860. 

CLEVELAND,  ROSE  ELIZABETH,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1846  in  Fayette- 
ville,  N.  Y.;  and  is  the  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Richard  Cleveland,  a  noted  presby- 
terian  clergyman.  She  received  her  edu 
cation  at  the  Houghton  seminary.  She 
was  the  mistress  of  the  White  House  dur 
ing  the  first  administration  of  her  brother, 
ex-President  Grover  Cleveland.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  essays,  poems  and 
novels,  the  principal  of  which  are  George 
Eliot's  Poetry  and  Other  Studies;  and  The 
Long  Run,  a  novel. 

CLEVENGER,  SHOBAL  VAIL,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1812,  in  Middle- 
town,  Ohio.  Specimens  of  his  work  are 
now  preserved  in  the  art-galleries  of  the 
Boston  athenseum,  the  New  York  and 
Philadelphia  Historical  societies,  the  Met 
ropolitan  Museum  of  Art  in  New  York, 
and  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  in  Phila 
delphia.  His  bust  of  Daniel  Webster, 
recognized  as  the  most  faithful  likeness 
of  the  great  statesman,  was  selected  by 
the  postoffice  department  as  best  adapted 
for  representation  on  the  fifteen-cent 
United  States  postage-stamp.  He  died 
Sept.  23,  1843,  in  Chicago,  111. 

CLEVENGER,  SHOBAL  VAIL,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  March  24,  1843,  in 
Florence,  Italy.  He  is  a  physician  of  Chi 
cago,  and  son  of  the  noted  sculptor  of 
the  same  name.  He  is  the  author  of 
Treatise  on  Government  Surveying;  Com 
parative  Physiology  and  Psychology;  and 
Lectures  on  Artistic  Anatomy  and 
Sciences  Useful  to  the  Artist. 

CLEVER,  CHARLES  P.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1830, 
in  Germany.  He  filled  the  offices  in  New 
Mexico  of  United  States  marshal,  attor 
ney-general,  adjutant-general,  as  well  as 
several  others;  and  was  elected  a  delegate 
from  New  Mexico  to  the  fortieth  congress. 
In  1868  he  published  a  small  work  on  tho 
Resources  of  New  Mexico. 

CLEWS,  HENRY,  financier,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  14,  1840,  in  England.  In  1859 
he  became  a  member  of  Livermore, 
Clews  and  Company,  bankers;  and  be 
came  the  largest  negotiator  of  railroad 
loans  in  America  or  Europe.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  Twenty-Eight 
Years  in  Wall  Street. 

CLIFFORD,  BRANCH  GREENLEAF, 
educator,  clergyman,  college  president, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1843,  in  Haverhill,  N.  H. 
He  received  a  thorough  education,  and 
has  had  the  degrees  of  A.  B.,  A.  M.,  and 
Ph.  D.  conferred  upon  him.  He  has  at 
tained  eminence  as  a  clergyman  of  the 
presbyterian  church,  and  is  the  president 
and  proprietor  of  the  Clifford  seminary 
of  Union,  S.  C. 

CLIFFORD,  JOHN  HENRY,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Jan. 
16,  1809,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  in  1835;  and 
attorney-general  of  Massachusetts  from 
1849  to  1853,  and  from  1854  to  1858.  He 
was  governor  of  the  state  in  1853-54;  and 
president  of  the  state  senate  in  1862.  He 
died  Jan.  2,.  1876,  in  New  Bedford,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


227 


CLIFFORD,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
diplomat,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  18. 
1803,  in  Rumney,  N.  H.  He  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  from  York  county  in 
1830,  and  re-elected  for  three  years,  dur 
ing  the  last  two  occupying  the  post  of 
speaker.  In  1834  he  was  appointed  at 
torney-general  for  the  state  of  Maine; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1839  to  1843;  and  in  1846  was  appointed 
attorney-general  of  the  United  States.  In 
1847  he  was  appointed  commissioner  to 
Mexico;  and  when  peace  was  declared  be 
tween  this  country  and  Mexico  he  was  ap 
pointed  minister  to  that  republic.  In  1858 
he  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
published  United  States  Court  Reports. 
He  died  July  25,  18481,  in  Cornish,  Maine. 

CLIFT,  JOSEPH  WALES,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1836,  in 
Marshfield,  Mass.  He  was  appointed  reg 
ister  of  that  city,  and  was  elected  in 
1868  a  representative  from  Georgia  to  the 
fortieth  congress. 

CLIFTON,  JOSEPHINE,  actress,  was 
born  in  1813,  in  New  York  city.  She  was 
the  first  American  actress  to  visit  Eng 
land  as  a  star,  and  her  reception  was  a 
very  cordial  one.  In  1837  N.  P.  Willis 
wrote  for  her  the  tragedy  Bianca  Vis- 
cante,  which  was  first  produced  at  the 
Park  theater  of  New  York  city.  She  died 
Nov.  22,  1847,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

CLIFTON,  WILLIAM,  poet,  was  born 
in  1772  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  During  the 
excitement  produced  by  Jay's  treaty,  Clif 
ton  used  his  pen  in  support  of  the  admin 
istration,  contributing  to  the  newspapers 
many  satires  in  prose  and  verse.  His 
poems  were  collected  and  published  after 
his  death  with  Introductory  Notes  of  His 
Life  and  Character  (New  York,  1800).  He 
died  in  December,  1799. 

CLINCH,  CHARLES  POWELL,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1797,  in  New  York 
city.  For  many  years  Mr.  Clinch  was  an 
editorial  writer  for  the  press,  and  a  liter 
ary  and  dramatic  critic.  He  also  wrote  nu 
merous  poems,  theatrical  addresses,  and 
plays,  including  The  Spy;  The  Expelled 
Collegians;  and  The  First  of  May.  In 
1835  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1880,  in 
New  York  city. 

CLINCH,  DUNCAN  LAMONT,  soldier, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
6,  1787,  in  Edgecombe  county,  N.  C.  He 
was  a  general  in  the  United  States  army; 
and  from  1843  to  1845  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Georgia.  He  died 
Oct.  27,  1849,  in  Macon,  Ga. 

CLINE,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  journal 
ist,  state  legislator,  was  born  July  8,  1858, 
in  Danville,  111.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  Danville; 
and  subsequently  attended  a  polytechnic 
institute  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1876  he 
moved  to  Nebraska,  where  he  took  an  ac 
tive  interest  in  the  campaign  of  that  year 
for  Peter  Cooper.  In  1880  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  state  greenback  convention, 
and  also  to  the  national  greenback  con 
vention  which  nominated  Weaver  in  that 
year.  In  1884  he  settled  in  Lynden,  Wash., 
elected  a  representative  of  the  Washing 
ton  state  legislature  by  the  people's  par 
ty;  and  received  the  re-election  in  1896. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  was  a  justice  of 
the  peace;  edited  The  Farm  and  Fruit 
Grower;  and  in  1897  established  The 
Washington  State  Journal  of  Olympia. 

CLINGAN,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1777  to  1779, 
and  was  a  signer  of  the  articles  of  con 
federation. 


CLINGMAN,  THOMAS  L.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  author,  was  born  in 
1S12,  in  Huntsiille,  N.  C.  He  was  soon 
elected  to  a  seat  in  the  state  senate  of 
North  Carolina;  in  1843  was  elected  to 
congress,  and  with  the  exception  of  one 
term,  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  until  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 
He  was  appointed  a  senator  in  congress 
to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  made  contributions 
to  the  science  of  geology  and  mineralogy, 
and  brought  to  light  many  facts  connected 
with  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina,  one 
of  the  highest  peaks  of  which  it  was  his 
fortune  to  explore  and  measure,  and 
which  now  bears  his  name.  His  works 
are:  Speeches,  and  Follies  of  the  Posi- 
tivist  Philosophers. 

CLINTON,  CHARLES,  ancestor  of  the 
Clintons  in  the  United  States,  soldier,  jur- 
is't,  was  born  in  1690>  in  Ireland.  He  was 
justice  of  the  peace',  county  judge  and 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Ulster  county  mi 
litia.  He  was  made  a  lieutenant-colonel 
in  Oliver  DeLancy's  regiment  on  March 
24,  1758,  and  served  under  Col.  Bradstreet 
at  the  siege  and  capture  of  Fort  Fonte- 
nac.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1773,  in  Orange 
county,  N.  Y. 

CLINTON,  DE  WITT,  lawyer,  govern 
or,  author,  was  born  March  2,  1769,  in 
Little  Britain,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to 
the  senate  of  New 
York  in  1799;  and  in 
1802  fought  a  duel 
with  Mr.  Swartwout, 
arising  from  a  politi 
cal  controversy  con 
cerning  Mr.  Burr.  He 
was  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from 
3802  to  1803;  and  was 
chosen  mayor  of 
New  York  in  1803, 
holding  this  office 
until  1815.  He  was 

for  several  years  a  state  senator  and  the 
lieutenant-g^nernor;  and  in  1812  he  con 
sented  to  become  the  candidate  of  the 
peace  party  for  the  presidency  of  the 
United  States.  In  1824  he  was  elected 
governor  of  the  state,  and  in  1826  was 
re-elected  to  the  same  office.  He  was  the 
author  of  Memoir  of  Antiquities  of  West 
ern  New  York;  Natural  History  and  In 
ternal  Revenues  of  New  York;  and 
Speeches  to  the  Legislature.  He  died 
Feb.  11,  1828,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

CLINTON,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  assembly  in  1801  and  1802; 
and  was  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1804  to  1809. 

CLINTON,  GEORGE,  soldier,  states 
man,  was  born  July  26,  1739,  in  Ulster 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
colonial  assembly, 
and  also  of  the  prov 
incial  congress  in 
1775;  was  appointed 
a  brigadier-general 
in  1777;  and  was 
governor  of  New 
York  for  eighteen 
years.  From  1795  to 
1800  he  lived  in  re 
tirement,  and  was 
again  chosen  govern 
or  in  1804.  He  was 
elected  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  during  the  year 
1804,  and  retained  the  office  until  his 
death.  He  died  April  20,  1812,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

CLINTON,  JAMES  G.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1841  to  1845. 


CLINTON,  JOHN  W.,  journalist,  was 
born  in  1836,  in  Andes,  N.  Y.  He  is  the 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Ogle  Coun 
ty  Press,  and  president  of  the  Illinois 
Press  association. 

CLINTON,  JOSEPH  JACKSON,  bishop, 
was  born  Oct.  3,  1823,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  missionary  bishop  in  the  south 
during  and  after  the  war,  and  very  suc 
cessful  in  the  establishment  there  of  mis 
sions  and  annual  conferences.  He  died 
May  25,  1881,  in  Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 

CLINTON,  THOMAS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1827  to  1831;  and  for  a  second  term  from 
1833  to  1835. 

CLITZ,  HENRY  BOYNTON,  soldier, 
was  born  July  4,  1824,  in  Sackett's  Harbor, 
N.  Y.  He  was  made  colonel  of  the  tenth 
infantry  Feb.  22,  1869,  and  placed  on  the 
retired  list  July  1,  1885,  at  his  own  re 
quest,  having  been  in  the  service  forty 
years.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1889. 

CLITZ,  JOHN  MELLEN  BRADY, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1821,  in 
Sackett's  Harbor,  N.  Y.  He  entered 'the 
navy  as  a  midshipman  in  1837;  was  pro 
moted  to  rear-admiral  in  1880;  command 
ed  the  Asiatic  station,  and  was  placed  on 
the  retired  list  in  1884. 

CLODFELTER,  N.  J.,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  14,  1852,  in  Alamo,  Ind.  He  is 
known  as  The  Wabash  Poet,  and  is  the 
author  of  Early  Vanities,  and  Snatched 
from  the  Poorhouse. 

CLOPTON,  DAVID,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1820  in  Georgia.  He  was  elected  ' 
a  representative  from  Alabama  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  He  resigned  in 
February,  1861,  to  take  part  in  the  rebel 
lion  of  that  year. 

CLOPTON,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1795  to  1799,  and  again 
from  1801  to  1816.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1816. 

CLOSE,  FRED  J.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  March  21,  1849,  in  Snyder  coun 
ty,  Pa.  Since  1895  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Gulf  and  Interstate  railway  of 
Kansas. 

CLOUGH,  EDGAR  E.,  soldier,  legisla 
tor,  clergyman,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1840, 
in  Homer,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the  civil 
war  as  a  private  in  company  A,  one  hun 
dred  and  forty-eighth  regiment  New  York 
volunteers,  and  became  first  lieutenant, 
adjutant  and  captain  of  the  thirty-ninth 
regiment  United  States  colored  troops.  In 
1887  he  was  a  colonel  in  the  Wisconsin 
National  guard.  In  1889  he  was  a  member 
of  the  constitutional  convention  of  South 
Dakota.  He  has  been  vice-president  of 
the  trustees  of  the  university  of  Dakota, 
and  president  of  the  board  of  commis 
sioners  of  the  South  Dakota  Soldiers' 
home  for  eight  years.  He  began  minis 
terial  work  in  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in  Eau  Claire,  Chippe- 
wa  Falls,  Mineral  Point,  Platteville,  and 
Black  River  Falls.  In  1887  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  Dakota,  and  is  now  presiding 
elder  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church 
In  the  Black  Hills  conference  of  Dead- 
wood,  S.  D.  He  has  been  grand  chap 
lain  and  senior  vice-commander  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  department 
of  South  Dakota. 

CLOUGH,  GEORGE  L.,  painter,  was 
born  Sept.  18,  1824,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  In 
1850  he  went  to  Europe  and  copied  pic 
tures  in  the  principal  galleries  of  the  con 
tinent,  and  after  his  return  he  generally 
resided  near  New  York,  where  he  found  a 
ready  sale  for  his  paintings. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CLOUGH.  JOHN  E.,  missionary,  was 
born  July  16,  1836,  in  Chautauqua  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  by  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  union  a 
missionary  to  India  in  1865. 

CLOUGH,  MILO  M.,  educator,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  July  13,  1862,  in 
Carlisle.  Iowa.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  university  of  Des  Moines;  has 
been  principal,  of  various  high  schools, 
and  professor  of  English  literature  and 
mathematics.  He  is  the  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  The  Herald  of  Abercrombie, 
N.  D.,  and  the  author  of  a  number  of 
meritorious  poems. 

CLOUGH,  MOSES  T.,  lawyer,  was  boru 
Nov.  22,  1814,  in  Hopkinton,  N.  H.  He  is 
a  successful  lawyer  of  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  was 
the  postmaster  at  Ticonderoga  under  the 
administration  of  Gen.  Polk,  and  mas 
ter  in  chancery  and  supreme  court  com 
missioner  of  the  state  of  New  York. 

CLOVER,  B.  H.,  farmer,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  22,  1837,  in  Franklin 
county,  Ohio.  He  has  twice  been  chosen 
president  of  the  Kansas  State  Farmers' 
Alliance  and  Industrial  union,  and  twice 
vice-president  of  the  national  organiza 
tion  of  that  order.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  candidate  of 
the  Farmers'  Alliance. 

CLOVER,  LEWIS  P.,  painter,  was  born 
Feb.  20,  1819,  in  New  York  city.  The 
titles  of  some  of  his  best  known  paint 
ings  are  The  Rejected  Picture,  The  Idle 
Man,  Repose  by  Moonlight,  and  The 
Phrenologist.  These  were  all  exhibited 
in  the  National  Academy  of  Design. 

CLOWNEY,  WILLIAM  K.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He 
was  commissioner  in  equity  of  South  Car 
olina;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1833  to  1835, 
and  again  from  1837  to  1839. 

CLUBB,  HENRY  STEPHEN,  journal 
ist  clergyman,  was  born  June  21,  1827, 
in  Colchester,  England.  During  1862-66 
he  was  assistant  quartermaster,  with  rank 
of  captain,  in  the  United  States  volun 
teer  service.  In  1873-74  he  was  a  state 
senator  in  the  Michigan  legislature;  and 
the  latter  year  was  also  secretary  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  Michigan.  He 
then  became  editor  and  owner  of  the 
Grand  Haven  Herald,  which  he  founded  in 
1869.  In  1876  he  was  called  to  the  pas 
torate  of  the  Bible  Christian  church  of 
Philadelphia;  became  president  of  the 
Vegetarian  society  of  America  in  1888; 
and  since  1889  has  been  editor  of  Food, 
Home  and  Garden. 

CLUFF,  BENJAMIN,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1858,  in  Pro- 
vo  City,  Utah.  He  attended  the  Brig- 
ham  Young  academy,  and  the  university 
of  Michigan;  and  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  B.  S.  and  M.  S.  During  1873-82 
he  was  a  traveling  missionary  in  the 
Sandwich  Islands;  and  in  1883-86  was 
president  of  the  Young  Men's  Mutual  Im 
provement  association  of  Utah.  He  has 
been  an  instructor  and  vice-president  of 
the  Brigham  Young  academy;  and  since 
1892  has  been  president  of  that  institu 
tion. 

CLUNIE,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  25, 
1852,  in  St.  John's,  Newfoundland.  He 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1875, 
and  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of 
the  fourth  brigade  of  the  National  guard 
of  California  in  1876.  He  was  a  delegate 
at  large  to  the  national  democratic  con 
vention  at  Chicago  in  1884,  and  repre 
sented  California  democrats  on  the  com 
mittee  on  platform  and  resolutions.  He 


served  one  term  in  the  state  senate,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

CLUSERET,  GUSTAVE  PAUL,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  June  13,  1823,  in  France. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  in  1862.  He  is 
the  author  of  Mexico  and  the  Solidarity 
of  Nations. 

CLUTE,  HENRY  ALSON,  farmer,  mer 
chant,  soldier,  state  legislator,  was  born 
March  24,  1840,  in  Wayne  county,  N.  Y. 
His  ancestors  settled  on  the  Hudson 
river  soon  after  the  settlement  of  New 
York.  His  father  was  born  in  1804  in 
Johnstown.  N.  Y.,  where  his  grandfather 
had  settled  before  the  revolutionary  war. 
He  moved  to  Michigan  with  his  parents 
when  four  years  of  age;  and  during  the 
civil  war  served  for  three  years  in  the 
second  Missouri  cavalry  or  Merrill  Horse. 
He  has  filled  numerous  public  offices  of 
trust  in  Calhoun  county;  and  in  1897  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Michigan  state 
legislature  from  Marshall. 

CLYMER,  ALBERT,  farmer,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1827,  in  Fairfield  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  Echoes  of  the  Woods  and 
other  works.  He  died  in  1897. 

CLYMER,  MRS.  ELLA  MARIA  DIETZ, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1856  in  New  York 
city.  She  is  a  New  York  writer,  once  an 
actress,  and  for  some  time  the  president 
of  the  Woman's  club  of  New  York,  So- 
rosis.  She  has  written  three  volumes  of 
poems:  The  Triumph  of  Love;  The  Tri 
umph  of  Time;  and  The  Triumph  of  Life. 

CLYMER,  GEORGE,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  in  1739 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  continental  treasurers;  in  1776  was 
a  member  of  congress,  and  signed  the  dec 
laration  of  independence.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  old  congress  in  1780, 
and  a  representative,  under  the  con 
stitution  from  1789  to  1791,  from 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  which  formed  the 
federal  constitution,  and  signed  that  in 
strument.  In  1791  he  was  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  excise  department  in  Penn 
sylvania;  and  in  1796  was  sent  to  Georgia 
to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  the  Creek  and 
Cherokee  Indians.  He  was  afterwards 
president  of  the  Philadelphia  bank  and 
of  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  He  died 
Jan.  23,  1813,  in  Morrisville,  Pa. 

CLYMER,  H1ESTER,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1837,  in  Berks  county, 
Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  of  Pennsylvania  in  1860-66  when  he 
was  a  candidate  for  governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third, 
forty-fourth,  and  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses.  He  died 
June  12,  1884. 

CLYMER,  MEREDITH,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  June,  1817,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  distinguished  physi 
cian  and  medical  writer  of  New  York  city; 
aud  the  author  of  Diseases  of  the  Respira 
tory  Organs  (with  Williams) ;  Pathology, 
Diagnosis  and  Treatment  of  Fevers; 
Physiology  and  Pathology  of  the  Nervous 
System;  Palsies  and  Kindred  Disorders; 
Ecstasy  and  Other  Dramatic  Disorders 
of  the  Nervous  System;  Hereditary  Gen 
ius;  Cerebro-Spinal  Meningitis;  and  Le 
gitimate  Influence  of  Epilepsy  on  Crim 
inal  Responsibility. 

CLYMER.  ROBERT  S.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1855,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  has  filled  numerous  public  of 
fices  of  trust  in  New  Jersey;  is  a  promi 
nent  lawyer  of  Woodbury;  and  president 
law  judge  of  Gloucester  county. 


COAL,  P.  ABRAM,  jonrnaligt,  was 
born  Nov.  28,  1856,  in  Washington,  Pa. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Daily 
and  Weekly  Enterprise  of  Gibson  City. 

COALE,  ROBERT  DORSEY,  chemist, 
was  born  Sept.  13,  1857,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
During  1883-84  he  was  lecturer  on  chem 
istry,  and  in  1884  became  professor  of 
chemistry  and  toxicology  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Maryland.  'His  original  scientific 
researches  were  published  in  the  Ameri 
can  Chemical  Journal. 

COAN,  SHERWOOD,  singer,  was  born 
about  1830,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He 
sang  with  Clara  Louise  Kellogg,  Parepa- 
Rosa,  Zelda  Harrison,  William  Castle  and 
other  well-known  singers,  and  went  with 
the  Rosas  to  England,  where  he  attract 
ed  much  attention.  He  died  Nov.  25,  1874. 
in  Chicago,  111. 

COAN,  TITUS,  missionary,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  1,  1801,  in  Killingsworth,  Conn. 
He  is  a  missionary  of  note  in  the  Sand 
wich  Islands,  who  wrote  Life  in  Hawaii; 
and  Adventures  in  Patagonia.  He  died 
Dec.  1,  1882,  in  Hawaii. 

COAN,  TITUS  MUNSON,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1836. 
in  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  He  is  an  emi 
nent  physician  of  New  York  city;  and  for 
many  years  was  a  distinguished  surgeon 
in  the  United  States  navy.  He  is  a  direc 
tor  of  the  New  York  bureau  of  revision, 
and  is  the  author  of  Ounces  of  Preven 
tion;  and  Topics  of  the  Times. 

COANN,  EZRA  T.,  banker,  was  born 
March  25,  1829,  in  Byron,  N.  Y.  Dur 
ing  the  war  he  was  a  military  command 
er  under  appointment  of  Gov.  Morgan. 
He  was  director  and  vice-president  of  the 
Niagara  Falls  International  Bridge  com 
pany;  was  a  merchant  during  1850-68;  and 
then  traveled  extensively  in  foreign  coun 
tries.  In  1870  he  established  Coann's 
bank  of  Albion,  N.  Y.,  which  merged  into 
the  Citizens'  National  bank  in  1895,  of 
which  he  is  president. 

COATES,  MRS.  FLORENCE  E.,  poet. 
She  has  gained  a  national  reputation  as 
a  genuine  poet,  and  as  a  musician  she 
possesses  an  insight  and  power  of  inter 
pretation  of  the  great  masters.  She  is 
the  wife  of  Mr.  E.  H.  Coates,  president 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts. 

COATES.  KERSEY,  pioneer,  was  born 
Sept.  15,  1823,  in  Salisbury,  Pa.  He  lo 
cated  in  Kansas  City,  and  in  1857,  when 
the  city  began  to  show  signs  of  business 
life  and  activity,  Col.  Coates  uniting  his 
efforts  with  those  of  other  enterprising 
citizens,  newspapers  were  established, 
railroads  projected,  favorable  legislation 
was  secured,  and  important  municipal  im 
provements  were  started,  the  result  of 
which  was  a  stream  of  migration  that 
speedily  filled  up  Kansas  City.  He  died 
April  24,  1887. 

COATES,  KINNEY,  poet.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Ly 
rics  of  the  Ideal  and  the  Real. 

COBB,  AMASA,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1823,  in 
Crawford  county,  111.  During  the  civil 
war  he  was  a  colonel  in  the  fifth  regiment 
Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry  and  became 
brevet  brigadier-general  United  States  vol 
unteers.  He  led  the  troops  which  turned 
the  enemy's  left  at  Williamsburg,  May  5, 
1862;  and  commanded  Hancock's  brigade 
at  the  Battle  of  Antietam.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  the  third  dis 
trict  of  Wisconsin  for  four  terms — thirty- 
eighth,  thirty-ninth,  fortieth  and  forty- 
first  congresses.  He  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Nebraska  for  fourteen 
years,  during  1878-92,  four  years  of  which 
he  was  chief  justice. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


229 


COBB,  CLINTON  L.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1842,  in  Eliza 
beth  City,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-first,  forty-second,  and  forty-third 
congresses,  serving  on  the  committees  on 
revolutionary  pensions,  war  claims  and 
chairman  of  freedmen's  affairs. 

COBB,  CYRUS,  artist,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Aug.  6,  1834,  in  Maiden,  Mass.  He  is 
an  artist  and  sculptor  of  Boston  who, 
besides  writing  much  occasional  verse, 
has  published  Veterans  of  the  Grand 
Army,  a  novel. 

COBB,  DARIUS,  artist,  was  born  Aug. 
6,  1834,  in  Maiden,  Mass.  In  1879  he  paint 
ed  Christ  Before  Pilate,  and  the  reputa 
tion  gained  by  this  painting  was  instan 
taneous.  Some  of  his  other  works  are: 
For  Their  Sakes;  Death  of  Judas;  and 
King  Lear. 

COBB,  DAVID,  soldier,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1748,  in  Attle- 
borough,  Mass.  He  was  judge  of  a  county 
court;  was  elected  to  the  legislature;  and 
served  as  speaker  from  1789  to  1793;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1793  to  1795.  He  was 
president  of  the  state  senate  from  1801  to 
1805;  and  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state 
In  1809.  He  died  April  17,  1839,  in  Taun- 
ton,  Mass. 

COBB,  EMORY,  banker,  was  born  Aug. 
30,  1831,  in  Dryden,  N.  Y.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  common  schools  of 
his  county,  Burl's  Select  school,  and  at 
the  academy  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  For  many 
years  he  was  president  of  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  Kankakee,  111.;  and  has 
filled  many  important  public  offices  in  his 
city,  county  and  state. 

COBB,  GEORGE  POMROY,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  April  13,  1841,  in  York, 
N.  Y.  He  graduated  from  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  Michigan, 
and  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  civil  war. 
In  1881-82  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  legislature  from  Bay  county; 
and  for  six  years,  from  1888,  was  circuit 
judge  of  the  eighteenth  judicial  circuit 
court  of  Michigan. 

COBB,  GEORGE  T.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  October,  1813,  in  Morristown,  N. 
J.  He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
that  state  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 
He  died  Aug.  6,  1870. 

COBB,  HOWELL,  farmer,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1770,  in  Granvillo. 
N.  C.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1807  to  1812: 
and  during  the  last  war  with  England 
served  with  credit  as  a  captain  in  the 
army.  He  died  about  1820  in  Georgia. 

COBB,  HOWELL,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1795  in  Sa- 
vannak,  Ga.  He  was  a  Georgia  lawyer;  and 
the  author  of  Penal  Code  of  Georgia;  and 
a  state  senator  in  1830. 

COBB,  HOWELL,  lawyer,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  7, 
1815,  in  Cherry  Hill,  Ga.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1836;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  in  1842;  re- 
elected  in  1844,  1846  and  1848,  and  dur 
ing  his  latter  term  was  elected  speaker. 
On  his  retirement  from  congress  he  was 
chosen  governor  of  Georgia.  In  1855  he 
was  again  elected  to  congress,  and  on  the 
accession  of  Mr.  Buchanan  to  the  presi 
dency,  went  into  his  cabinet  as  secretary 
of  the  treasury.  He  took  a  prominent 
part  in  the  rebellion  of  1861,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  so-called  confederate  con 
gress,  and  a  brlgadier-generaf.  He  died 
Oct.  9,  1868,  in  New  York  city. 

COBB,  ISAAC,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  April  28,  1825,  in  Gorham,  Maine. 


Since  1865  he  has  been  connected  with 
the  Portland  Transcript.  He  has  contrib 
uted  to  the  leading  magazines  and  news 
papers  of  America,  and  is  at  present  en 
gaged  in  compiling  a  genealogy  of  the 
Cobb  family.  He  has  attained  a  national 
reputation  in  the  world  of  literature. 

COBB,  JAMES  E..  soldier,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1835,  in  Thom- 
aston,  Ga.  He  was  chosen  one  of  the  cir 
cuit  judges  of  the  state;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1880  and  again  in  1886.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

COBB,  JONATHAN  HOLMES,  manu 
facturer,  author,  was-  born  July  8,  1799,  in 
Sharon.  Mass.  He  was  a  manufacturer  of 
Dedlham.  who  founded  the  silk  industry 
in  the  United  States,  and  whose  Manual 
of  the  Mulberry  Tree  and  the  Culture  of 
Silk  was  once  well  known.  He  died  March 
12,  1882,  in  Dedham,  Mass. 

COBB,  JOSEPH  BECKHAM,  author, 
was  born  April  11,  1819,  in  Oglethorpe 
county,  Ga.  He  was  a  southern  author 
whose  writings  include  The  Creole,  or  the 
Siege  of  New  Orleans,  a  novel;  Mississippi 
Scenes;  and  Leisure  Labors.  He  died 
Sept.  15,  1858,  in  Columbus,  Ga. 

COBB,  LYMAN,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1800,  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a 
once  prominent  educator  who,  besides 
many  text-books  on  spelling  and  mathe 
matics,  published  The  Evil  Tendency  of 
Corporal  Punishment;  and  Just  Standard 
for  Pronouncing  the  English  Language. 
He  died  Oct.  26,  1864,  in  Colesburg,  Pa. 

COBB,  R.  W.,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
governor,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1829,  in  Ash- 
ville,  Ala.  He  was  elected  state  senator 
in  1872;  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1875;  was  re- 
elected  state  senator  in  1876;  and  was 
elected  president  of  the  senate.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Alabama  in  1878,  and 
re-elected  in  1880,  serving  until  1882. 

COBB,  SETH  WALLACE,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  5, 
1838,  in  Southampton  county,  Va.  In  1861 
he  joined  a  volunteer 
company  from  his 
native  county,  and 
served  throughout 
the  war  in  the  army 
JUm  of  northern  Virginia. 
In  1867  he  moved  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  com 
mencing  as  a  clerk 
in  a  grain  commis 
sion  house;  and  sinfe 
1870  .has  continued 
in  that  business  on 
his  own  account.  He 
is  president  of  the  Merchants'  exchange 
of  St.  Louis;  and  president  of  the  Mer 
chants'  Bridge  company.  He  has  served 
with  distinction  in  the  fifty-second,  fifty- 
third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

COBB,  SILAS  B..  pioneer,  merchant, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1812,  in 
Montpelier,  Vt.  For  years  he  was  the 
controlling  spirit  in  the  Chicago  and  Ga 
lena  railroad,  now  the  Chicago  and  North 
Western,  and  in  the  Beloit  and  Madison 
railroad.  When  the  new  university  of 
Chicago  sought  to  secure  $1,000,000  for  its 
buildings,  Mr.  Cobb  came  forward  at  the 
critical  moment  and  gave  $150,000,  which 
assured  the  success  of  the  undertaking. 
The  Cobb  Lecture  hall  now  stands  on  the 
university  campus,  a  monument  to  his  lib 
erality,  and  the  university  is  pledged  to 
replace  it.  should  it  ever  be  destroyed. 


COBB,  STEPHEN  ALONZO,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  June  17,  1833,  in 
Madison,  Maine.  He  served  through  the 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-col 
onel.  He  was  mayor  of  Wyandotte  in 
1862  and  1868;  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  in  1862,  1869,  and  1870;  and  speaker 
of  the  house  in  1872.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-third  congress.  He  died  in  Aug 
ust,  1878. 

COBB,  SYLVANUS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  July,  1799,  in  Norway,  Maine. 
He  was  a  universalist  clergyman  of  Massa 
chusetts;  and  editor  for  many  years  of 
The  Christian  Freeman.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  New  Testament,  with  Explan 
atory  Notes;  Compend  of  Divinity;  and 
Discussions.  He  died  Oct.  31,  1866,  in  East 
Boston,  Maine. 

COBB,  SYLVANUS,  author,  was  born  in 
1823,  in  Waterville,  Maine.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  King's  Talisman;  The  Pa 
triot  Cruiser;  Ben  Hamed;  and  other 
works.  He  died  July  20,  1887,  in  Hyde 
Park,  Mass. 

COBB,  THOMAS  R.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  2,  1828,  in  Lawrence 
county,  Ind.  He  was  a  state  senator  from 
1858  to  1866;  removed  to  Vincennes,  Ind., 
in  1867;  was  president  of  the  democratic 
state  convention  in  1876,  and  a  delegate 
to  the  democratic  national  convention  of 
that  year.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Indiana  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  and 
forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

COBB,  THOMAS  READ  ROOTES,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  10, 

1823,  in  Cherry  Hill,  Ga.  He  was  a  Georgia 
lawyer  who  served  as  brigadier-general  in 
the  confederate  army  during  the  civil  war. 
He  was  the  author  of  Digest  of  the  Laws 
of  Georgia;    Historical  Sketch  of  Slavery 
from   the   Earliest  Periods;    and  Inquiry 
into  the    Law   of   Negro   Slavery   in   the 
United   States.      He   was   killed    Dec.    13, 
1862,  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

COBB,  THOMAS  W.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  1784,  in  Columbia  county.  Ga.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1817  to  1821,  and  again  from  1823  to 

1824.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
1824  to  1828;  and  was  subsequently  chosen 
a  judge  of  the  superior  court.    He  was  the 
author  of  many  political  essays.     He  died 
Feb.  1,  1830,  in  Greensborough,  Ga. 

COBB,  WILLARD  ADAMS,  journalist, 
was  born  July  20,  1842,  in  Rome,  N.  Y.  In 
1864  he  graduated  from  Hamilton  college 
of  Clinton,  N.  Y.;  was  regent  of  the  New 
York  state  university  in  1884;  and  in 
1895  was  appointed  state  civil  service  com 
missioner,  and  is  still  a  member  and  pres 
ident  of  that  body.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Daily  Journal  of  Lockport,  N.  Y. 

COBB,  WILLIAMSON  R.  W.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1807,  in  Ray  county, 
Tenn.  In  1845  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature,  where  he  remained  two  years. 
In  1847  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Alabama,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  his  adopted  state  by  successive 
re-elections  down  to  I860.  He  was  killed 
by  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  pistol  in 
November,  1864,  in  Alabama. 

COBBETT,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1608,  in  England.  He 
was  a  nonconformist  English  clergyman 
who  came  to  America  in  1637,  and  was 
minister  at  Ipswich  from  1656  till  his 
death.  He  was  the  author  of  Infant  Bap 
tism;  Civil  Magistrate's  Power  in  Matters 
of  Religion;  Practical  Discourse  of  Pray 
er;  and  The  Honor  Due  from  Children 
to  Their  Parents.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1685,  in 
Ipswich,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COBBS,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Aug.  5,  1826,  in  Raleigh.  N.  C.  As 
early  as  1867  he  was  recognized  as  one 
of  the  most  distin 
guished  criminal 
lawyers  in  the  state 
of  Alabama.  H  e 
practiced  law  in  all 
its  branches  until 
1880,  when  he  was 
chosen  one  of  the 
chancellors  of  the 
chancery  court  of 
Alabama.  He  was 
re-elected  in  1886, 
and  again  in  1892, 
both  times  without 

opposition.  His  division  until  1895  com 
prised  sixteen  counties.  In  the  years  he 
has  been  upon  the  bench  he  has  had  to 
decide  almost  every  kind  of  question 
known  to  equity  jurisprudence.  His  writ 
ten  opinions  are  clear  and  logical;  and  his 
style  is  terse  and  vigorous.  His  contribu 
tions  to  law  literature  have  been  exten 
sive,  and  are  conceded  to  be  valuable  ac 
quisitions  to  judicial  literature. 

COBERN,  CAMDEN  M..  clergyman, 
theologian,  arehfBo'ogist,  author,  was  born 
April  19,  1855,  in  Uniontown,  Pa.  He  is  a 
distinguished  clergyman,  and  is  now  the 
popular  pastor  of  the  Trinity  Metnodist 
Episcopal  church  of  Denver, ' Col.  He  is 
the  author  of  an  extensive  work  on  An 
cient  Egypt;  a  Commentary  on  Ezekiel 
and  Daniel;  and  is  a  constant  contribu 
tor  to  the  archaeological  and  theological 
reviews  of  America  and  Europe. 

COBUN,  MARSHAL  W.,  soldier,  farmer 
legislator,  was  born  March  1,  1838,  in  Vir 
ginia.  During  the  war  he  served  in  the 
federal  army;  has  served  two  terms  in 
the  Kansas  house  of  representatives,  and 
one  term  in  the  state  senate.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  farmer  of  Hoisington,  Kan.;  and 
was  president  of  the  board  of  commis 
sioners  for  Kansas  at  the  World's  Colum 
bian  exposition. 

COBURN,  ABNER,  merchant,  governor, 
philanthropist,  was  born  March  22,  1803, 
in  Skowhegan,  Maine.  In  1838  he  was 
elected  as  a  whig  to  the  Maine  legisla 
ture,  and  again  in  1840.  In  1860  he  was 
an  elector  on  the  Lincoln  ticket  and  cho 
sen  governor  of  Maine  in  1862.  He  died 
June  4,  1885,  in  Skowhegan,  Maine. 

COBURN,  FRANK  POTTER,  farmer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1858,  in 
Hamilton,  Wis.  He  was  the  democratic 
candidate  for  congress  in  the  seventh  dis 
trict  in  1888,  and  was  defeated;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

COBURN,  GEORGE  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1841,  in  Brown 
county,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education 
^^^^^^^^^^^  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  county 
and  commenced  life 
as  a  school  teacher, 
and  taught  with 
great  success  for  five 
years.  He  then  stud 
ied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  In 
1867,  and  has  since 
practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Danville,  111. 
In  1889  he  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace; 
and  has  since  disposed  of  six  thousand 
cases.  He  has  always  taken  an  interest 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and 
state;  and  has  filled  many  important 
offices  of  honor  and  trust. 

COBURN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  appointed 


judge  of  the  territory  of  Orleans,  and 
held  his  courts  in  St.  Louis.  He  died  in 
February,  1823. 

COBURN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1825,  in  Indian 
apolis,  Ind.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier 
during  the  civil  war, 
and  was  in  command 
of  the  thirty-third 
regiment  Indiana 
volunteer  infantry; 
and  served  with  dis 
tinction.  After  the 
war  he  was  elected 
circuit  judge;  and  in 
1866  was  elected  to 
congress,  and  served 
for  four  terms  in 
succession.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  the 
important  debates  of  reconstruction,  pub 
lic  debt,  currency,  military  affairs,  elec 
tion  laws  and  tariff.  He  was  the  author 
of  the  measure  for  printing  the  rebellion 
records,  and  carried  through  the  house  the 
law  for  soldiers'  headstones.  He  served 
as  one  of  the  supreme  judges  of  the  ter 
ritory  of  Montana;  and  has  filled  various 
other  public  positions  of  honor. 

COBURN,  STEPHEN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maine.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  that  state  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

COCHRAN,  ALEXANDER  G.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  20,  1845,  in 
Allegheny  City,  Pa.  In  1874  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress. 

COCHRAN,  CHARLES  F.,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  27, 
1848,  in  Kirksville,  Mo.  During  1860-85 
he  lived  in  Atchison,  Kan.,  where  he  was 
engaged  as  a  practical  printer,  newspaper 
man,  and  lawyer;  and  was  four  years 
prosecuting  attorney  of  his  county.  He 
is  now  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  his 
state  at  St.  Joseph;  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  senate  for  four  years;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

COCHRAN,  DAVID  HENRY,  educator, 
scientist,  college  president,  was  born  July 
5,  1828,  in  Springville,  N.  Y.  He  attended 
the  Springville  academy,  and  in  1850  grad 
uated  from  Hamilton  college.  He  has 
been  professor  of  natural  sciences  in  the 
Clinton  Liberal  institute;  principal  of  the 
Fredonia  academy;  and  professor  of  nat 
ural  science  in  the  State  Normal  school 
of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  of  which  institution  he 
was  also  principal.  In  1864  he  accepted 
the  presidency  of  the  Brooklyn  Collegiate 
and  Polytechnic  institute,  which  has 
flourished  under  his  able  management.  He 
is  a  brilliant  lecturer;  and  the  author  of 
numerous  educational  and  scientific  re 
ports. 

COCHRAN,  JAMES,  soldier,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  major  of  militia  and  rep 
resented  the  state  of  New  York  in  con 
gress  from  1797  to  1799.  He  was  at  one 
time  postmaster  of  Oswego,  N.  Y.  He 
died  Nov.  7,  1848,  in  Oswego,  N.  Y. 

COCHRAN,  JAMES,  inventor,  was  born 
in  1763,  in  Batavia,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  brass- 
founder  in  Philadelphia,  and  Franklin  fre 
quently  visited  his  shop.  He  imented  the 
art  of  making  cut  nails,  and  also  claimed 
to  have  made  the  first  copper  cents  in  this 
country.  He  died  Dec.  31,  1846. 

COCHRAN,  JEROME,  physician,  was 
born  Dec.  4,  1831,  in  Moscow,  Tenn.  From 
1868-73  he  was  professor  of  chemistry  in 
the  Medical  College  of  Alabama;  was  a 
noted  physician  of  Mobile,  Ala.;  and  has 
written  many  articles  on  yellow  fever. 


COCHRAN,  JOHN,  surgeon,  was  born 
Sept.  1,  1730,  in  Sudsbury,  Pa.  In  1781  he 
became  director-general  of  the  hospitals 
of  the  United  States.  He  died  April  6, 
1807,  in  Palatine,  N.  Y. 

COCHRAN,  JOHN  P.,  statesman.  He 
was  governor  of  Delaware  from  1875  to 
1879. 

COCHRAN,  JOHN  WEBSTER,  inventor, 
was  born  May  16,  1814,  in  Enfield,  N.  H. 
In  1834  he  invented  a  revolving,  breech- 
loading  rifled  cannon,  in  which  the  cylin 
der  was  automatically  rotated  by  the 
cocking  of  the  hammer— the  same  princi 
ple  that  afterward  secured  the  success  of 
the  re\  olving  pistol. 

COCHRANE,  AARON  V.  S.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  March  14, 
1858,  in  Coxsackie,  N.  Y.  In  1887  and  1888 
he  was  police  justice  of  Hudson;  and  was 
elected  district  attorney  of  Columbia 
county  in  1889,  and  served  three  years. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

COCHRANE,  ALEXANDER  G.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  20,  1845, 
in  Allegheny  City,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

COCHRANE,  CLARK  B.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  31,  1815,  in  New 
Boston,  N.  H.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  legislature  in  1843  and  1844; 
and  was  a  representative  in  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress  from  New  York.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress; 
and  again  elected  to  the  assembly  in  1865. 
He  died  March  5,  1867,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

COCHRANE,  CLARK  B.,  lawyer,  poet, 
was  born  Feb.  9,  1843,  in  New  Boston,  N. 
H.  In  1865  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  ten  years  later  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume 
entitled  Minora  and  Other  Poems. 

COCHRANE,  ELIZABETH,  journalist, 
was  born  in  1867,  in  Cochrane's  Mills,  Pa. 
She  has  attained  a  national  reputation  as 
a  contributor  of  journalistic  work. 

COCHRANE,  JOHN,  soldier,  surveyor, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  Pala 
tine,  N.  Y.  He  was  surveyor  of  the  port 
of  New  York  for  four  years;  and  was 
elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth 
congresses.  He  served  as  a  general  of 
volunteers  in  the  union  army  in  1861  and 
1862;  and  was  subsequently  elected  at 
torney-general  of  the  state  of  New  York. 
In  1864  he  was  nominated  for  the  office 
of  vice-president  of  the  United  States  on 
the  ticket  with  J.  C.  Fremont. 

•  COCHRANE,  SAMUEL  B.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1860,  in  Kittan- 
ning,  Pa.  He  has  attained  success  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  his  native  city;  and 
since  1889  has  been  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of  the  Pennsylvania 
state  legislature. 

COCK,  THOMAS,  physician,  was  born 
in  1782,  in  Glen  Cove,  L.  I.  He  was  vis 
iting  physician  to  the  New  York  hospital 
from  1819  till  1834,  and  consulting  physi 
cian  after  that  year;  became  a  fellow  of 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in 
1820;  was  its  vice-president  from  1827 
until  1855;  its  president  from  1855  till 
1858;  and  president  of  the  New  York 
academy  of  medicine  in  1852.  He  was 
also  professor  of  anatomy  and  physiology 
in  Queen's  (now  Rutgers)  college,  N.  J., 
from  1812  till  1826.  He  died  June  14,  1869, 
in  New  York  city. 

COCKE,  JAMES  RICHARD,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1863.  He  is  a  physi 
cian  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Hyp 
notism;  and  Blind  Leaders  of  the  Blind, 
a  novel. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHT. 


231 


COCKE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1772,  in  Brunswick,  Va.  He 
became  a  member  of  the  first  legislature 
of  the  state  in  1796;  was  speaker  of  the 
house  for  many  years;  and  was  also  a 
member  of  the  senate.  From  1819  to  1827 
he  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
his  adopted  state.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1854, 
in  Rutledge,  Tenn. 

COCKE,  PHILIP  ST.  G.,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1809,  in  Virginia.  He  was  made 
brigadier-general  in  the  confederate  army 
in  1861,  and  commanded  the  fifth  brigade 
at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run.  He  died 
Dec.  26,  1861. 

COCKE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  in  1740,  in  Virginia. 
He  became  a  general  of  militia;  served 
In  the  state  legislature  in  1813;  and  be 
came  one  of  the  judges  of  the  circuit 
court.  He  was  again  a  senator  fi-om  1799 
to  1805;  and  in  1814  was  appointed  Indian 
agent  for  the  Chickasaw  nation. 

COCKE,  WILLIAM  M.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  repre- 
sentatn  e  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1845  to  1849. 

COCKE,  ZITELLA,  poet,  was  born  in 
1836,  in  Alabama.  She  is  a  poet  whose 
•contributions  to  periodicals  have  been 
collected  in  a  volume  of  verse  entitled 
A  Doric  Reed. 

COCKER,  WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1846,  in  Eng 
land.  He  is  an  educator  of  Michigan; 
and  the  author  of  Handbook  of  Punctua 
tion;  and  The  Government  of  the  United 
States. 

COCKERILL,  JOHN  A.,  journalist,  was 
born  Dec.  5,  1845,  in  Adams  county,  Ohio. 
In  1865  he  became  owner  and  editor  of 
the  True  Telegraph  of  Hamilton,  Ohio; 
and  in  1891  established  the  Commercial 
Advertiser  of  New  York  city. 

COCKERILL,  JOSEPH  R.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress 
from  Ohio.  He  died  Oct.  23,  1875,  in  West 
Union,  Ohio. 

COCKRAN,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1809  to  1813. 

COCKRAN,  WILLIAM  BOURKE,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
28,  ]854,  in  Ireland.  He  was  principal  of 
a  public  school  in  Westchester  county,  N. 
Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fiftieth  con 
gress;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

COCKRELL,  FRANCIS  MARION,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct. 
1,  1834,  in  Warrensburg,  Mo.  He  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  Mis 
souri  in  1875,  and  was  re-elected  three 
times.  His  term  expires  in  1899. 

COCKRELL,  JEREMIAH  VARDAMAN, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  7, 
1832,  in  Johnson  county,  Mo.  He  was 
appointed  district  judge  by  Governor  Ire 
land,  to  which  position  he  was  elected  in 
1886,  and  re-elected  in  1890.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

COCKRILL,  STERLING  ROBERTSON, 
soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  25, 
1847,  in  Nash\ille,  Tenn.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  was  sergeant  of  light  artillery 
in  the  army  of  the  Tennessee,  confederate 
service.  At  the  age  of  thirty-seven  he 
became  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Arkansas;  received  the  re-election, 
but  resigned  to  give  his  attention  solely 
to  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Little 
Rock,  Ark. 


CODDING,  JAMES  H.,  merchant,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  July  8,  1849, 
in  Bradford  county,  Pa.  Since  1854  he  has 

been    a    resident    of 

Towanda,  and  was 
educated  at  the  Sus- 
quehanna  Collegiate 
institute.  For  ten 
years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  the  hard 
ware  business;  and 
since  1878  has  been 
engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part 
in  public  affairs: 
and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses 
as  a  republican.  He  is  also  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  Pennsylvania  at  To 
wanda. 

CODDINGTON,  WILLIAM,  governor, 
author,  was  born  in  1601,  in  Lincolnshire, 
England.  He  was  the  first  governor  of 
Rhode  Island;  and  the  author  of  Demon 
strations  of  True  Love  unto  the  Rulers 
of  Massachusetts.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1678. 

CODINGTON,  WILLIAM  R.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  24, 
1853,  in  Somerset  county,  N.  J.  He  was 
city  judge  of  Plainfield  for  three  years. 

CODMAN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  3,  1782,  in  Easton,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Dorchester;  and  the  author  of  Sermons; 
and  Visit  to  England.  He  died  Dec.  23, 
1847,  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

CODMAN,  JOHN,  sailor,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  16,  1814,  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 
He  is  a  noted  captain  in  the  merchant 
marine;  and  the  author  of  Sailors'  Life 
and  Sailors'  Yarns;  Ten  Months  in  Bra 
zil;  The  Mormon  Country;  The  Round 
Trip  by  Way  of  Panama;  A  Solution  of 
the  Mormon  Problem;  and  Winter 
Sketches  from  the  Saddle. 

CODY,  CLAUDE  C.,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  5,  1854,  in  Covington,  Ga. 
He  is  professor  of  mathematics  in  the 
Southwestern  university  of  Georgetown, 
Tex.;  and  is  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  The  Life  of  Dr.  Wood. 

CODY,  WILLIAM  FREDERICK,  scout, 
was  born  Feb.  26,  1845,  in  Iowa.  He  was 
employed  as  an  Indian  scout,  and  served 
till  the  close  of  the  war  with  the  seventh 
Kansas  cavalry.  After  the  Indian  war  he 
proceeded  to  collect  Indians,  cow-boys, 
scouts,  trappers,  and  buffaloes,  and  pro 
duced  the  Wild  West  show  for  the  first 
time  in  Omaha  in  1883.  Since  then  he 
has  exhibited  in  all  the  principal  cities 
in  the  world  with  overwhelming  success. 
He  is  known  as  Buffalo  Bill. 

COE,  GEORGE  SIMMONS,  banker,  was 
born  March  27,  1817,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 
In  1860  'he  became  president  of  the  Ameri 
can  Exchange  bank,  which  office  he  held 
until  1894.  It  was  Mr.  Coe  who  conceived 
the  idea  of  combining  the  local  banks  in 
the  clearing  house,  and  of  making  use  of 
clearing  house  certificates.  Clearing  house 
certificates  have  since  been  resorted  to  in 
the  years  1873,  1884,  1890  and  1893,  on 
each  occasion  with  good  results. 

COFFEE,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  June  2,  1772,  in  Prince  Edward 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  Georgia  from  1833  to  1837.  He  did 
good  service  in  the  war  of  1812  as  a  gen 
eral,  and  in  the  subsequent  campaigns 
among  the  Indians.  He  died  Sept.  25, 
1836,  in  Telfair  county,  Ga. 


COFFEE,  WILLIAM  BRYAN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  April  27,  1863,  in  Law- 
renceville,  Va.  He  received  his  education 
in  Loganville,  and 
at  the  university  of 
Nashville.  He  is  a 
prominent  lawyer  of 
El  Dorado,  Ark.;  and 
special  judge  of  the 
circuit  court.  He  has 
attained  a  wide  rep 
utation  as  one  of  the 
rising  and  foremost 
lawyers  of  the  west 
at  El  Dorado,  Ark. 
He  has  contributed 
valuable  articles  to 
current  and  judicial  literature. 

COFFEEN,  HENRY  A.,  educator,  labor 
advocate,  congressman,  was  born  in  1841, 
in  Gallia  county,  Ohio.  In  1889  he  was  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention 
that  framed  the  present  constitution  of 
the  new  state  of  Wyoming;  and  in  1885 
he  organized  at  Big  Horn  and  presided 
over  the  first  agricultural  fair  e\er  held 
in  the  state.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

COFFIN,  ABRAHAM  BURBANK,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  March  31,  1831, 
in  Gilead,  Maine.  He  attended  Andover 
and  Phillips  acad 
emy;  and  in  1856 
graduated  from 
Dartmouth  college. 
In  1858  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar; 
and  has  a  law  office 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
has  held  various 
public  offices  in  Win 
chester,  Mass.;  in 
1875  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts 
house  of  representa 
tives;  and  in  1877-78  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate.  In  1886-87  he  was  a 
member  of  the  governor's  council;  and 
for  four  years  was  chairman  of  the  Mass 
achusetts  state  board  of  gas,  fuel,  electric 
commissioners. 

COFFIN,  CHARLES  CARLETON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  July  26,  1823,  in 
Boscawen,  N.  H.  He  was  a  Boston  jour 
nalist  who  became  famous  as  the  war 
correspondent  of  the  Boston  Journal  dur 
ing  the  civil  war,  over  the  signature  Car- 
leton.  His  writings,  mainly  though  not 
exclusively  for  young  people,  include  My 
Days  and  Nights  on  the  Battlefield,  a  nar 
rative  of  personal  experience;  Following 
the  Flag;  Winning  his  Way;  Building 
the  Nation;  Old  Times  in  the  Colonies; 
The  Boys  of  '76;  The  Story  of  Liberty; 
The  Drumbeat  of  the  Nation;  Marching 
to  Victory;  Redeeming  the  Republic; 
Our  New  Way  Round  the  World;  and 
Daughters  of  the  Revolution.  He  died 
March  2,  1896,  in  Brookline,  Mass. 

COFFIN,  CHARLES  E.,  manufacturer, 
state   legislator,    congressman,    was   born 
July  18,  1841,   in  Boston,  Mass.     He  pur 
chased     a     tract     of 
land     in      Muirkirk, 
Md.,     on     which     he 
found    iron    ore.     In 
1864  he  took  charge 
of    the    iron    works, 
which  were  built  by 
the  Ellicotts  in  1847. 
In    1884    he    was 
elected  to  the  house 
of  delegates  of  Mary 
land;      and    in    1890 
was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maryland 
state  senate,  serving  four  years.     He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 


232 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COFFIN,  CHARLES  G.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  In 
congress  from  Ohio  from  1838  to  1839. 

COFFIN,  ISAAC  FOSTER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1787,  in  Maine.  He 
was  an  educator  of  Roxbury,  Mass.;  and 
the  author  of  Journal  of  a  Residence  in 
Chili  during  the  revolutionary  scenes  of 
1817-19.  He  died  in  1861. 

COFFIN,  JAMES  HENRY,  astronomer, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1806,  in  Wil- 
liamsburg,  Mass.  He  was  a  meteorologist 
who  was  professor  of  astronomy  at  Lafay 
ette  college.  He  was  the  author  of  Solar 
and  Lunar  Eclipses  Illustrated  and  Ex 
plained;  Winds  of  the  Northern  Hemis 
phere;  Psychometrical  Table;  Orbit  and 
Phenomena  of  a  Meteoric  Fire  Ball;  Ele 
ments  of  Conic  Sections  and  Analytical 
Geometry;  and  Winds  of  the  Globe.  He 
died  Feb.  6,  1873,  in  Easton,  Pa. 

COFFIN,  JOHN  HUNTINGTON 
CRANE,  mathematician,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  14,  1815,  in  Wiscasset,  Maine.  He 
was  a  mathematician  of  distinction;  and 
the  author  of  Observations  with  the  Mu 
ral  Circle  at  the  United  States  Naval  Ob- 
sen  atory;  The  Compass;  and  Naviga 
tion  and  Nautical  Astronomy.  He  died 
in  1890. 

COFFIN,  JOSHUA,  antiquarian,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  12,  1792,  in  Newbury,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Massachusetts  antiquary  promi 
nent  among  the  abolitionists,  and  one  of 
the  poet  Whittier's  early  instructors.  He 
published  a  History  of  Ancient  Newbury; 
and  The  Toppans  of  Toppan's  Lane',  a 
genealogy.  He  died  July  24,  1864,  in  New 
bury,  Mass. 

COFFIN,  LEVI,  philanthropist,  was  born 
Oct.  28,  1798,  in  New  Garden,  N.  C.  He 
was  active  in  the  underground  railroad, 
a  secret  organization,  whose  purpose  was 
the  transportation  of  slaves  from  member 
to  member  until  a  place  was  reached 
where  the  negro  was  free.  In  1863  he  was 
associated  in  the  establishment  of  the 
freedmen's  bureau,  and  during  the  fol 
lowing  year  was  sent  to  Europe  as  agent 
for  the  Western  Freedmen's  Aid  commis 
sion.  He  died  Sept.  16,  1877,  in  Avondale 
Ohio. 

COFFIN,  PELEG,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  September,  1756. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1793  to  1795;  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  state  senate;  and 
was  state  treasurer  from  1797  to  1802. 
He  died  March  6,  1805. 

COFFIN,  ROBERT  ALLEN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1801,  in  Wil- 
liamsburg,  Mass.  He  was  an  instructor 
in  western  Massachusetts;  and  the  author 
of  Compendium  of  Natural  Philosophy; 
Town  Organization;  and  History  of  Con- 
way,  Massachusetts.  He  died  Sept  4 
1878,  in  Conway,  Mass. 

COFFIN,  ROBERT  BARRY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  July  21,  1826,  in  Hud 
son,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  New  York  journal 
ist  whose  books  were  popular  at  one  time 
but  are  now  nearly  forgotten.  Their 
humor  is  somewhat  forced,  and  the  style 
has  no  very  marked  merits.  He  is  the 
author  of  Matrimonial  Infelicities;  Who 
Is  the  Heir?  Out  of  Town,  a  Rural  Epi 
sode;  Cakes  and  Ale  at  Woodbine;  Cas 
tles  in  the  Air;  Left  in  the  Lurch;  and 
The  Home  of  Cooper.  He  died  June  10 
1886,  in  Fordham,  N.  Y. 

COFFIN,  ROBERT  STEVENSON,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  14,  1797,  in  Bruns 
wick,  Maine.  He  was  a  poet  of  Boston 
who  published  The  Oriental  Harp;  and 
Poems  of  the  Boston  Bard.  He  died  May 
7,  1827,  In  Rowley.  Mass. 


COFFIN,  ROLAND  FOLGER,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  March  8,  1826,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  marine  re 
porter  in  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  An  Old  Sailor's  Yarns;  The  America's 
Cup;  and  History  of  American  Yacht 
ing.  He  died  July  17,  1888,  on  Shelter 
Island,  N.  Y. 

COFFIN,  SELDEN  JENNINGS,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1838,  in  Og- 
densburg,  N.  Y.  He  succeeded  his  father 
as  professor  of  astronomy  at  Lafayette 
college  in  1873,  and  completed  the  latter's 
Winds  of  the  Globe.  He  has  also  pub 
lished  Record  of  the  Men  at  Lafayette. 

COFFIN,  TIMOTHY  GARDNER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1788,  in  Nan- 
tucket,  Mass.  He  was  graduated  at  Brown 
in  1813;  was  admitted  to  the  Bristol  bar 
in  1816,  and  obtained  the  foremost  rank 
in  the  profession.  He  was  judge  advo 
cate  of  Massachusetts  militia  under  Gen. 
Lincoln.  He  died  Sept.  19,  1854,  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass. 

COFFIN,  TRISTRAM,  colonist,  was 
born  in  1605,  in  England.  He  was  the 
founder  and  the  first  chief  magistrate  of 
Nantucket  colony.  He  died  in  1681,  in 
Nantucket,  Mass. 

COFFIN,  WILLIAM  ANDERSON, 
painter,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1855,  in  Alle 
gheny  City,  Pa.  In  1886  he  was  awarded 
the  Hallgarten  prize  of  $200  for  his  pic 
ture  in  the  National  academy.  His  most 
notable  works  are  The  Close  of  Day; 
Portrait  of  a  Gentleman;  Reflections; 
Five  O'clock  in  the  Morning;  Moonlight 
in  Harvest;  and 'The  Hayfleld. 

COFFINSBERRY,  JAMES  M.,  jurist, 
was  born  May  16,  1818,  in  Mansfield,  Ohio. 
He  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Lucas 
county  for  several  years,  but  later  re 
moved  to  Cleveland;  and  in  1861  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas.  He  was  principal  secretary  of  the 
great  union  convention  of  Ohio,  and  was 
for  several  years  the  standing  candidate 
of  his  party  for  representative  in  con 
gress.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1891,  in  Cleve 
land,  Ohio. 

COFFROTH,  ALEXANDER  H.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  May  18,  1828,  in  Som 
erset,  Pa.  He  attended  the  public  and  the 
old  Somerset  acad 
emy;  then  engaged 
in  teaching;  and  in 
1851  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  In  1862  he 
was  elected  to  con 
gress  and  was  the 
youngest  member  in 
the  house.  He  re 
ceived  the  re-election 
and  declined  a  third 
nomination.  How 
ever,  in  1878  he  was 
again  sent  to  con 
gress;  and  since  1881  has  devoted  his 
entire  attention  to  his  profession  of  law 
in  Somerset,  Pa.  During  his  career  in 
congress  he  was  known  as  a  true  friend 
for  the  soldier.  He  was  the  warm  per 
sonal  friend  of  Stanton  and  Lincoln,  and 
was  one  of  the  pallbearers  of  the  mur 
dered  president.  During  the  past  ten 
years  he  has  been  chairman  of  the  Bar 
association  of  Somerset  county,  Pa.;  and 
as  'a  lawyer  Mr.  Coffroth  is  acknowledged 
one  of  the  strongest  men  In  southern 
Pennsylvania. 

COFFROTH,  JOHN  R.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Aug.  11,  1828,  in  Greencastle,  Pa. 
He  has  been  several  times  a  member  of 
the  Indiana  legislature;  and  in  1866  he 
was  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  attorney- 
general.  In  1878  he  was  the  unanimous 


choice  of  his  party  for  congress,  but  de 
clined  on  account  of  his  private  business. 

COGGESHALL,  GEORGE,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1784.  in  Connecticut.  He  was 
a  sea  captain,  of  some  prominence  as  a 
writer;  and  the  author  of  Voyages  to 
Various  Parts  of  the  World;  History  of 
American  Prnateers  and  Letters  of 
Marque  During  Our  War  with  England, 
1812-14;  Historical  Sketch  of  Commerce 
and  Navigation  from  the  Christian  Era 
to  1860;  and  Religious  and  Miscellaneous 
Poetry.  He  died  about  1850. 

COGGESHALL,  HENRY  J.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  28,  1845,  in 
Waterville,  N.  Y.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1866;  in  1872  was  elected  state 
legislator;  and  in  1883  state  senator. 

COGGESHALL,  WILLIAM  TURNER, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1824,  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
Cincinnati,  whose  principal  writings  in- 
clude  Signs  of  the  Times,  a  work  on  spirit 
rappings;  Home  Hits  and  Hints;  and 
Stories  of  Frontier  Adventure.  He  died 
Aug.  2,  1867,  in  Ecuador,  where  he  was 
serving  as  United  States  minister. 

COGHLAN,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1835,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Cali 
fornia  legislature  in  1865;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  congress  as  a 
representative  of  his  adopted  state,  serv 
ing  on  the  committees  on  private  land 
claims  and  naval  affairs. 

COGSWELL,  CHARLES  NORTHEND. 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1797, 
in  South  Berwick,  Maine.  In  1814  he 
graduated  from  Bow- 
doin  college;  and 
subsequently  opened 
a  law  office  in  his 
native  city.  He  be- 
came  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  New 
England;  and  was  an 
acknowledged  leader 
in  the  democratic 
party.  During  the 
latter  part  of  his  life 
he  served  two  terms 
in  the  Maine  state 
senate,  and  one  term  in  congress.  In 
these  bodies  he  had  the  weight  which  al 
ways  belongs  to  a  man  of  solid  learning 
and  judgment  and  of  useful  business  hab 
its.  His  name  was  brought  forward  for 
governor  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  Oct.  11,  1843. 

COGSWELL,  FREDERICK  HILL,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  March  11,  1859,  in 
New  Preston,  Conn.  He  attended  the 
Connecticut  Literary  institution  of  Suf- 
field;  took  a  special  course  of  studies  in 
the  Yale  university;  and  graduated  from 
the  university  of  Michigan.  Since  1884 
he  has  been  official  reporter  of  the  supe 
rior  court  at  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  has 
written  numerous  short  stories  for  lead 
ing  magazines.  In  1884  he  published  Cogs 
well's  Compendium  of  Phonography;  and 
Is  the  author  of  The  Regicides,  an  histori 
cal  novel;  and  a  second  novel  entitled 
Newgate.  He  has  also  lectured  extensively 
on  historical  and  literary  subjects. 

COGSWELL,  JONATHAN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1782,  in  Rowley, 
Mass.  He  was  a  noted  congregational 
clergyman  of  New  England  and  New  Jer 
sey;  and  the  author  of  The  Necessity  of 
Capital  Punishment;  Discourses;  He 
brew  Theocracy;  Calvary  and  Sinai; 
Godliness  a  Great  Mystery;  and  The  Ap 
propriate  Work  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  He 
died  Aug.  1,  1864,  in  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


233 


COGSWELL,  JOSEPH  GREEN,  bibli 
ographer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1786, 
in  Ipswich,  Mass.  He,  with  the  historian 
Bancroft,  founded  the  celebrated  Round 
Hill  school  at  Northampton,  Mass.  He 
died  Nov.  26,  1871,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

COGSWELL,  MASON  PITCH,  physician, 
was  born  Sept.  28,  1761,  in  Canterbury^ 
Conn.  He  was  chiefly  instrumental  in 
founding  the  asylum  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb,  and  was  a  friend  and  supporter  of 
the  Retreat  for  the  Insane  at  Hartford, 
and  was  ten  years  president  of  the  State 
Medical  society.  He  died  Dec.  10,  1830,  at 
Hartford,  Conn. 

COGSWELL,  MASON  FITCH,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1807,  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  served  as  assistant  surgeon 
and  surgeon  in  the  volunteer  army  of  the 
United  States  during  the  civil  war.  He 
died  Jan.  21,  1865,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

COGSWELL,  MILTON,  soldier,  was 
born  Dec.  4,  1825,  in  Noblesville,  Ind. 
After  his  retirement  with  the  rank  of 
brevet  colonel  in  the  regular  army  for 
gallant  services,  he  was  deputy  governor 
of  the  Soldiers'  home  in  Washington.  He 
died  Nov.  20,  1882,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

COGSWELL,  NATHANIEL,  soldier, 
was  born  Jan.  19,  1773,  in  Haverhill,  Mass. 
He  had  a  strong  desire  for  military  life, 
offered  his  services  to  the  patriot  army  in 
Mexico,  and  died  holding  a  general's  com 
mission.  He  died  near  the  Red  river, 
Louisiana. 

COGSWELL,  THOMAS,  soldier,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  4,  1746,  in  Haverhill,  Mass. 
He  was  captain  of  a  company  in  Col.  Ger- 
rish's  regiment  at  Bunker  Hill;  became 
major  of  Vose's  regiment,  and  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  fifteenth  Massachusetts 
regiment.  After  national  independence 
was  secured,  he  settled  on  a  farm  near 
Gilmanton,  N.  H.,  and  became  a  promi 
nent  citizen  of  the  community,  serving 
as  a  judge  in  the  court  of  common  pleas 
from  1784  till  1810.  He  died  Sept.  3, 
1810,  in  Gilmanton,  N.  H. 

COGSWELL,  WILLIAM,  surgeon,  was 
born  July  11,  1760,  in  Haverhill,  Mass.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Medical  society  and  of  Atkin 
son  academy,  giving  the  land  on  which 
the  academy  was  built.  He  died  Jan.  1, 
1831,  in  Atkinson,  N.  H. 

COGSWELL,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  June  5,  1787,  in  Atkin 
son,  N.  H.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  New  Hampshire,  among 
whose  works  are  Manual  of  Theology 
and  Devotion;  Assistant  to  Family  Re 
ligion;  Christian  Philanthropist;  Theo 
logical  Class  Book;  Harbinger  of  the  Mil 
lennium;  and  Letters  to  Young  Men  Pre 
paring  for  the  Ministry.  He  died  April  18, 
1850,  in  Gilmanton,  N.  H. 

COGSWELL,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1838, 
in  Bradford,  Mass.  He  was  mayor  of  the 
city  of  Salem,  Mass.,  in  1867,  '68,  '69,  '73, 
and  '74;  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  house  of  representatives  in  1870- 
71,  1881-83,  and  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  in  1885-86.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  from  1861  till  1865;  and  held  com 
missions  as  captain,  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  colonel  in  the  second  Massachusetts 
infantry,  and  brigadier-general  by  brevet, 
and  assigned  by  special  order  of  the  war 
department  to  the  command  of  the  third 
brigade,  third  division,  twentieth  army 
corps.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second,  and  fifty-third  congress 
es  as  a  republican. 


COHEN,  JACOB  DA  SILVA  SOLIS,  phy 
sician,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  in  1838, 
in  New  York.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  phy 
sician  and  medical  lecturer  of  promi 
nence;  and  the  author  of  Treatise  on  In 
halations;  Diseases  of  the  Throat;  Croup 
in  Its  Relations  to  Tracheotomy;  and  The 
Throat  and  the  Voice. 

COHEN,  LOUIS,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Jan.  7,  1849,  in  Germany.  Since 
1894  he  has  been  president  of  the  San- 
dersville  railroad  at  Sandersville,  Ga. 

COIT,    ELIZABETH   GREER,    lecturer, 
was  born  Jan.  10,  1820,  in  Worthington, 
Ohio.     She  received  her  education  in  the 
\Vnrt iiinntcm  Female 
seminary;      and    for 
many  years  was  en 
gaged  in  educational 
work  in  that  institu 
tion.      She    has    be 
come  prominent  as  a 
lecturer    and    writer 
on  topics  relating  to 
the    human    welfare. 
She  was    the    presi 
dent  of  the  first  W. 
R.   A.   in  Columbus; 
and  treasurer  of  the 
0.  W.  T.  A.  ever  since  its  reorganization. 
She  was  also  president  of  the  First  church 
of  spiritualists  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

COIT,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1831. 
He  entered  the  ministry  of  the  protestant 
episcopal  church,  and  on  the  foundation 
of  St.  Paul's  school  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  by 
Dr.  George  Shattuck,  was  chosen  its  first 
rector.  He  has  published  numerous  ser 
mons  and  addresses,  and  has  contributed 
to  periodical  literature. 

COIT,  JAMES  MILNOR,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1845,  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  an  instructor  in  chem 
istry  at  St.  Paul's  school,  Concord;  and 
the  author  of  Elements  of  Chemical  Arith 
metic;  and  Short  Manual  of  Qualitative 
Analysis. 

COIT,  JOSEPH  ROWLAND,  educator, 
author.  He  was  professor  of  mathematics 
and  natural  science  in  St.  James'  college, 
Md.,  until  the  closing  of  that  institution 
in  1865,  when  he  became  associated  with 
his  brother  in  St.  Paul's  school,  Concord, 
of  which  he  is  now  vice-principal.  He  has 
edited  a  Life  of  Bishop  Kerfoot. 

COIT,  JOSHUA,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1758,  in 
New  London,  Conn.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Connecticut  from 
1793  to  1798;  and  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  legislature  of  Connecticut. 
He  died  Sept.  5,  1798,  in  New  London, 
Conn. 

COIT,  ROBERT,  railroad  president, 
was  born  April  26,  1830,  in  New  London, 
Conn.  Since  1881  he  has  been  president 
of  the  New  London  and  Northern  rail 
road. 

COIT,  THOMAS  WINTHROP,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  28,  1803,  in 
New  London,  Conn.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman,  and  professor  in  Berkeley  Di 
vinity  school  at  Middletown  from  1872  to 
1885.  He  was  the  author  of  Necessity  of 
Preaching  Doctrine;  Theological  Com 
monplace  Book;  Puritanism  in  New  Eng 
land  and  the  Episcopal  Church;  and 
Lectures  on  the  Early  History  of  Christi 
anity  in  England.  He  died  June  21,  1885, 
in  Middletown,  Conn. 

COKE,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1829  to  1833,  and 
for  many  years  a  prominent  member  of 
the  bar.  He  died  March  30,  1851,  in  Abing- 
don,  Va. 


COKE,  RICHARD,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  13,  1829,  in  Williamsburg,  Va.  He 
served  in  the  confederate  army  as  a  com 
missioned  officer.  He  was  appointed  dis 
trict  judge  in  1865  and  in  1866  was  elected 
a  judge  of  the  state  supreme  court.  In 
1873  he  was  elected  governor  of  Texas, 
and  was  re-elected  In  1876.  He  resigned 
in  1877,  having  been  elected  a  United 
States  senator  from  Texas  for  the  term  of 
six  years  from  March  4,  1877;  was  re- 
elected  in  1883  and  1889,  serving  till  1895. 

COLAW,  JOHN  MARVIN,  educator, 
journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  March  16, 
1860,  in  Crabbottom,  Va.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Roanoke  college, 
Va. ;  the  Dickinson  college,  Pa.;  and  the 
university  of  Virginia.  For  many  years 
he  was  engaged  in  educational  work;  was 
associate  editor  of  the  American  Mathe 
matical  Monthly;  and  has  served  as  com 
monwealth's  attorney  of  Highland  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  is  well  versed  in  all  parts  of 
the  science  of  mathematics,  and  a  promi 
nent  member  of  the  American  Mathemati 
cal  society.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of 
Monterey,  Va.,  and  a  forcible  speaker. 

COLBORN,  A.  R.,  lumberman,  was 
born  Dec.  9,  1847,  in  Canada.  In  1863 
he  enlisted  as  a  volunteer  in  the  thirtieth 
Michigan  infantry  at. 
Detroit;  a  few  weeks 
after  he  was  detailed 
headquarters'  clerk, 
at  Fort  Gratiot,  Port 
Huron;  and  shortly 
after  he  was  made 
commissary  of  the 
regiment,  holding 
that  position  until 
they  were  mustered 
out.  He  carries  a 
stock  of  from  five 
to  ten  million  feet  of 
lumber,  and  is  to-day  the  largest  lumber 
dealer  in  Michigan  City.  His  sale  ot 
shingles  alone — one  of  his  specialties — • 
amounts  to  fifty  millions  a  year. 

COLBURN,  JEREMIAH,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1815  in  Boston,  Mass. 
In  1857  he  contributed  articles  to  the 
Historical  Magazine  on  American  coins 
and  coinage,  which  were  followed  for 
several  years  by  short  articles  on  these 
subjects  in  Notes  and  Queries.  He  is  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Boston  numismatic 
society,  has  been  president,  and  since  1871 
has  been  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Ameri 
can  Journal  of  Numismatics. 

COLBURN,  MARTHA  K.,  artist,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  4,  1846,  in  Garrettsville, 
Ohio.  She  received  her  education  at  the 
Waterford  academy,  and  has  attained 
prominence  as  an  artist  and  poet.  She 
has  contributed  both  prose  and  verse  to 
the  periodical  press,  and  many  of  her  po 
ems  have  been  given  a  place  in  standard 
publications. 

COLBURN,  WARREN,  mathematician, 
author,  was  born  March  1,  1793,  in  Ded- 
ham,  Mass.  He  was  a  noted  mathema 
tician  of  Massachusetts,  whose  First  Les 
sons  in  Intellectual  Arithmetic  was  trans 
lated  into  many  languages.  He  died  Sept. 
13,  1833,  in  Lowell,  Mass. 

COLBURN,  ZERAH,  engineer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  1,  1804,  in  Cabot,  Vt.  He 
was  a  well  known  mechanical  engineer 
who  published  The  Locomotive  Engine; 
Steam  Boiler  Explosions;  Nature  of  Heat 
and  Its  Mode  of  Action  in  the  Phenomena 
of  Combustion,  etc.;  and  Treatise  on  the 
Principles  of  the  Locomotive  Engine.  He 
died  May  4,  1870,  in  Massachusetts. 


234 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COLBY,  ANTHONY,  state  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  in  1793  in  New  Lon 
don,  N.  H.  In  1828  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature,  and  served  through 
twelve  terms.  In  1846  he  became  govern 
or  of  New  Hampshire;  in  1861  was  made 
adjutant-general  of  the  state;  and  was 
subsequently  a  provost-marshal.  He  was 
a  trustee  of  Dartmouth  college;  founded 
an  academy  at  New  London;  and  also 
endowed  a  baptist  literary  and  theologi 
cal  institution  in  that  town.  He  died 
July  13,  1873,  in  New  London,  N.  H. 

COLBY,  CHARLES  LEWIS,  capitalist, 
was  born  May  22,  1839,  in  Roxbury,  now 
part  of  Boston.  In  1858  he  graduated  from 
the  Brown  univer 
sity.  Until  1870  he 
was  engaged  in  the 
shipping  and  ware 
house  business  in 
New  York  city; 
after  that  was  inter 
ested  in  railroad 
construction  and 
mining.  In  1876  he 
served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of 
the  Wisconsin  state 
legislature.  He  has 

been  president  of  the  following  institu 
tions:  Wisconsin  Central  railroad;  Min 
nesota,  St.  Croix  and  Wisconsin  railroad; 
Milwaukee  and  Lake  Winnebago  railroad; 
Chicago,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota  rail 
road;  Chicago  and  Great  Western  rail 
road;  Chippewa  Falls  and  Western  rail 
road;  and  various  other  business  corpora 
tions.  He  resides  in  New  York  city,  and 
is  one  of  its  most  influential  citizens. 

COLBY,  FREDERICK  MYRON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1848,  in 
Warner,  N.  H.  He  is  a  journalist  of 
New  Hampshire;  and  the  author  of  The 
Daughter  of  Pharaoh,  a  Tale  of  the  Ex 
odus;  and  Brave  Lads  and  Bonnie  Lassies, 
a  juvenile. 

COLBY,  GARDNER,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1810,  in  Bowdoinham. 
Maine.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  a 
large  contractor  for  the  supply  of  cloth 
ing  to  the  national  army,  and  in  1870  be 
came  president  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 
railroad.  A  gift  from  him  of  $50,000  to 
Waterville  college,  Maine,  caused  the 
name  of  that  institution  to  be  changed  to 
Colby  university.  He  died  April  2,  1879, 
in  Newton  Centre,  Mass. 

COLBY,  HENRY  FRANCIS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1842,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  has  been  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Dayton,  Ohio,  since  his 
ordination  in  1868.  and  in  1883  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Ohio  baptist  convention.  He 
has  published  a  class  poem  and  sketches 
of  Gardner  Colby,  Caleb  Parker,  and 
Ebenezer  Thresh. 

COLBY,  LEONARD  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  in  Cherry  Valley,  Ohjo.  He 
graduated  in  the  regular,  classical  and 
law  courses  of  the 
university  of  Wis 
consin.  He  has 
served  two  terms  in 
the  state  senate  of 
the  Nebraska  legis 
lature;  has  been  as 
sistant  attorney  (if 
the  United  States; 
and  is  acknowledged 
to  be  one  of  the  ab 
lest  lawyers  in  the 
western  states.  HP 
served  in  the  war  of 
the  rebellion,  had  command  of  a  company 
in  the  Sioux  and  Cheyenne  Indian  war 
in  1863,  commanded  a  battalion  in  the  In 
dian  campaign  of  1876-78;  was  colonel  in 


command  of  the  regular  and  state  troops 
during  the  strike  in  Omaha  in  1882,  and 
was  brigadier-general  in  command  of  the 
Nebraska  military  forces  in  the  Sioux  In 
dian  war  in  the  winter  of  1890-91.  He 
has  served  in  the  infantry,  cavalry  and 
artillery,  and  in  every  military  capacity 
from  private  to  brigadier-general.  He  has 
been  three  years  captain,  six  years  colo 
nel,  and  nine  years  brigadier-general. 

COLBY,  STODDARD  B.,  United  States 
treasurer,  was  born  in  1816  in  Vermont. 
In  1864  he  was  appointed  register  of  the 
United  States  treasury  at  Washington. 
He  died  Sept.  21,  1867,  in  Haverhill,  N.  H. 

COLCLEUGH,  EMMA  S.,  lecturer,  poet, 
was  born  Sept.  3,  1846,  in  Thompson, 
Conn.  She  has  traveled  extensively,  and 
her  lectures  on  Alaska,  Hawaii,  and 
From  Ocean  to  Ocean  have  won  her  na 
tional  fame.  Her  poems  occasionally  ap 
pear  in  the  periodical  press. 

COLCOCK,  WILLIAM  F.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1823 
in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  and  speaker  of  the 
house;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1849  to 
1853. 

COLCORD,  EDWARD  JOHN,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  July  28,  1849,  in  Parsons- 
field,  Maine.  In  1883  he  became  a  teacher 
of  ancient  languages  and  general  history 
in  the  Vermont  academy;  and  since  1889 
has  been  professor  in  a  college  at  Colum 
bia,  S.  C.  His  poems  have  appeared  quite 
extensively  in  the  periodical  press,  and 
his  name  appears  in  Poets  of  Maine. 

COLCORD,  ROSWELL  K.,  governor, 
was  born  April  25,  1839,  in  Searsport, 
Maine.  He  has  been  engaged  in  mining 
and  milling  in  Nevada;  and  in  1890  was 
elected  governor  of  Nevada. 

COLDEN,  CADWALLADER,  physician, 
governor,  author,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1688, 
in  Scotland.  He  was  a  colonial  physician, 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  province  of 
New  York,  1761-76,  and  a  prominent  loy 
alist  of  his  day.  The  History  of  the  Five 
Indian  Nations  is  his  chief  work.  Among 
his  many  lesser  writings  is  Principles  of 
Actions  on  Matter.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1776, 
in  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

COLDEN,  CADWALLADER  D.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  April 
4,  1769,  in  Springfield,  N.  Y.  He  served 
in  the  legislature  of  that  state;  held  the 
post  of  district  attorney  of  the  United 
States  for  many  years;  and  was  at  one 
time  mayor  of  New  York.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  from  1821  to  1823;  and 
was  an  early  and  intimate  friend  of  Rob 
ert  Fulton,  and  wrote  his  biography.  He 
published  Life  of  Robert  Fulton;  and  Vin 
dication  of  the  Steamboat  Right  Granted 
by  the  State  of  New  York.  He  died  Feb. 
7,  1834,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

COLE,  CHESTER  C.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  June  4,  1824,  in  Oxford,  N.  Y. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools,  and  pursued 
his  studies  in  the  Oxford  academy.  In 
1849  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  after 
completing  a  thorough  course  in  the  Har 
vard  law  school.  In  1857  he  moved  to  Des 
Moines,  Iowa,  where  he  soon  won  a  repu 
tation  as  an  astute  lawyer  by  his  logical 
and  forcible  arguments.  In  1864  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Iowa,  and  was  twice  elected  to  that  high 
office.  He  resigned  his  position  as  chief 
justice  to  devote  his  entire  time  to  the 
practice  of  law.  In  1892  he  was  made 
dean  of  the  Iowa  College  of  Law,  a  de 
partment  of  the  Drake  university. 


COLE,  CORDELIA  THROOP,  prohibi 
tionist,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1833,  in  Ham 
ilton,  N.  Y.  She  attended  the  Hamilton 
academy,  now  known 
as  the  Colgate  semi 
nary.  For  five  years 
she  was  engaged  in 
educational  work  in 
the  Collegiate  insti 
tute  of  Keokuk, 
Iowa;  and  the  North 
Illinois  institute  of 
Henry,  111.  For  seven 
years  she  was  secre 
tary  of  the  Iowa  Uni 
tarian  association; 
nine  years  state  and 
national  superintendent  of  the  Purity  de 
partment  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  lecturer 
on  White  Cross  and  Social  Purity,  and 
speaker  for  Total  Abstinence  and  Prohibi 
tion  for  more  than  twenty  years.  She  is 
also  one  of  the  managing  editors  of  the 
Dial  of  Progress  of  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa. 

COLE,  CORNELIUS,  journalist,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  17,  1822,  in  Lodi,  N.  Y.  He 
was  district  attorney  of  Sacramento  for 
two  years;  and  in  1863  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  California  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress.  He  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1867  and  ending  in  1873. 

COLE,  FRANCIS  RICHARD,  lawyer, 
orator,  author,  poet,  was  born  prior  to  the 
great  fire  in  Chicago,  111.  He  was  given 
a  thorough  educa 
tion  in  the  public 
schools;  received  the 
f  •  •  ^^B  degree  of  LL.  B. 
from  the  Lake  For- 
HI  ••  est  university;  and 
I  subseque  ntly  re- 
J»  -  '^|  ceived  the  degrees  of 
Ph.  D.  and  LL.  D.  He 
is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  his 
native  city;  and  in 
1892  was  a  candi 
date  for  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  on  the  labor  reform  ticket. 
He  is  a  lecturer  on  medical  jurisprudence 
in  the  Dutton  Medical  college;  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Citizens'  Sovereignty  associa 
tion;  and  is  the  author  of  a  large  amount 
of  poetry  and  prose;  and  in  1896  wrote 
a  work  entitled  Civilization,  Bryan  and 
the  Times. 

COLE,  GEORGE  E.,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  22,  1826,  in  Oneida  county,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Oregon  legisla 
ture  in  1851-53;  and  during  the  years  1859- 
60  was  clerk  of  the  United  States  district 
court  for  Oregon.  He  moved  to  Washing 
ton  territory  in  1861;  and  in  1863  was 
elected  a  delegate  from  Washington  Ter 
ritory  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

COLE,  JOSEPH  FOXCROFT,  artist, 
was  born  Nov.  9,  1837,  in  Jay,  Maine.  His 
professional  life  has  been  spent  in  Paris 
and  Boston.  Among  his  paintings  are 
Scene  in  Normandy,  exhibited  in  the  Paris 
salon  of  1875;  Nornian  Farm;  and  Sheep- 
washing  in  Normandy.  Coast  Scene  in 
Normandy,  shown  at  the  Centennial  ex 
hibition  of  1876,  received  a  medal  and 
diploma. 

COLE,  NATHAN,  banker,  congressman, 
was  born  July  26,  1825,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
He  became  vice-president  of  two  leading 
banks  in  his  native  city,  and  director  in 
a  number  of  other  corporations.  He  was 
mayor  of  St.  Louis  from  1869  to  1871; 
was  president  of  the  Merchants'  Exchange 
of  that  city  in  1876;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


235 


COLE,  ORSAMUS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1819,  in 
Cazenovia,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  Wisconsin  terri 
tory;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Wisconsin  from  1849  to  1851. 

COLE,  RICHARD  BEVERLY,  surgeon, 
was  born  Aug.  12,  1829,  in  Manchester, 
Va.  He  sened  in  1856  as  surgeon-gen 
eral  of  the  vigilance  committee;  and  from 
1860  to  1864  as  surgeon-general  of  the 
state.  In  1869  he  was  called  to  the  chair 
of  obstetrics  and  gynaecology  in  the  uni 
versity  of  California,  and  three  years 
later  was  elected  president,  which  posi 
tion  he  still  holds. 

COLE,  THOMAS,  artist,  was  born  Feb. 
1,  1801,  in  England.  He  has  painted  nu 
merous  pictures,  and  was  engaged  upon 
another  ambitious  series,  entitled  The 
Cross  and  the  World,  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  wrote  an  unpublished  dra 
matic  poem,  a  novel,  and  some  sketches 
of  travel.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1847,  in  Cats- 
kill,  N.  Y. 

COLE,  ULYSSES  D.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Sept.  19,  1841,  in  Marysville, 
Ohio.  He  served  as  a  captain  in  the 
union  army,  1862-65.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Indiana  house  of 
representatives. 

COLE,  WILLIAM  HINSON,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1837,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  served  on  the  medi 
cal  staff  of  the  confederate  army  through 
out  the  chil  war.  At  its  close  he  en 
gaged  in  journalism  in  Baltimore;  be 
came  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Evening 
Journal  and  subsequently  city  editor  of 
the  Baltimore  Gazette.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Maryland  to 
the  forty-ninth  congress.  He  died  July 
8,  1886,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

COLEMAN,  A.  A.,  legislator,  jurist, 
poet,  was  born  in  Camden,  S.  C.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-seven  years  he  was 

appointed    judge    of 

the  seventh  judicial 
circuit  of  Alabama, 
where  he  made  a 
splendid  record  for 
learning  and  legal 
ability.  In  1862  he 
organized  a  regi 
ment  known  as  the 
fortieth  Alabama, 
which  he  command 
ed  for  one  year, 
when  he  resumed  his 
seat  on  the  bench.  In 
1884-85  he  represented  Hale  county  in  the 
general  assembly;  and  now  practices  law 
in  Birmingham,  Ala.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  meritorious  poems,  some  of 
which  have  been  given  a  place  in  Poets 
of  America  and  other  standard  works. 

COLEMAN,  ALBERT  LORING,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  Junius,  N.  Y. 
He  taught  school  for  a  number  of  years, 
and  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Centralia, 
Mo.  In  1887  he  was 
a  representative  in 
the  Missouri  state 
legislature;  and  in 
1896  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate.  He 
has  been  prominent 
in  all  reform  move 
ments  for  the  wel 
fare  of  his  state; 
and  has  been  instru 
mental  in  passing 
numerous  bills  of  importance.  As  a  law 
yer  he  is  one  of  the  best  known  west  of 
the  Mississippi. 


• 


COLEMAN,  ANN  M.  B.,  author,  was 
born  May  5,  1813,  in  Russellville,  Ky.  She 
has  translated  various  French  works  for 
American  publishers;  and  is  the  author 
of  a  volume  entitled  Life  and  Letters  of 
J.  J.  Crittenden.  She  died  Feb.  13,  1891, 
in  Louisville.  Ky. 

COLEMAN,  AUGUSTUS  L.,  surveyor, 
legislator,  was  born  May  23,  1855,  in 
Exeter,  N.  Y.  In  1890-91  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  first  state  legislature  of 
Wyoming;  was  United  States  deputy  sur 
veyor  during  1891-94;  and  in  1896  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  for  four  years. 
He  is  now  also  connected  with  the  United 
States  geological  survey. 

COLEMAN,  HAMILTON  DUDLEY,  sol 
dier,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was 
born  May  12,  1845,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 
He  enlisted  in  Washington  artillery,  army 
of  northern  Virginia,  as  a  private,  and 
served  as  such  throughout  the  war.  He 
has  been  engaged  in  the  business  of  man 
ufacturing  and  dealing  in  plantation  ma 
chinery  over  twenty  years.  He  was  ac 
tive  in  the  organization  of  the  World's 
Industrial  and  Cotton  Centennial  expo 
sition;  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
first  electric  lighting  company  established 
in  New  Orleans,  and  served  as  vice-presi 
dent  and  afterward  as  president.  He 
served  two  terms  as  president  of  the  New 
Orleans  chamber  of  commerce,  and  was 
elected  November,  1888,  one  of  the  vice- 
presidents  of  the  national  board  of  trade. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress 
as  a  republican. 

COLEMAN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1803,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  published  Faber's  Difficulties  of  Ro 
manism;  and  The  Episcopal  Manual.  For 
many  years  he  was  the  editor  of  the  Ban 
ner  of  the  Cross,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
died  Sept.  16,  1869,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

COLEMAN,  JULIA,  temperance  reform 
er,  philanthropist,  was  born  Feb.  16,  — -, 
in  Fulton  county,  N.  Y.  For  upward  of 
twenty  years  she  has 
studied  the  subject 
of  alcohol  in  all  its 
phases,  and  is  at  the 
front  in  the  scientific 
educational  temper 
ance  work,  being  au 
thor  of  leading  sci 
entific  text  books  for 
both  old  and  young. 
Her  conferences, 
conducted  in  connec 
tion  with  grove  camp 
meetings,  are  very 
largely  attended  and  exert  a  wide  influ 
ence. 

COLEMAN,  LEIGHTON,  clergyman, 
bishop,  author,  was  born  May  3,  1837,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Episcopal  academy 
of  Philadelphia,  and 
the  General  Theolog 
ical  seminary  of  New 
York  city.  He  was 
rector  in  several  par 
ishes;  and  in  1888 
was  consecrated  pro- 
testant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Delaware. 
In  1896  he  founded 
the  Sisterhood  of  All 
Angels,  whose  moth 
er  house  is  in  Wil 
mington,  Del.  He  is  also  chaplain-gen 
eral  of  the  Society  of  the  War  of  1812, 
and  chaplain  of  the  Delaware  State  Socie 
ty  of  the  Cincinnati.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Church  in  America,  a  history  of  the 
American  episcopal  church;  and  various 
other  works. 


COLEMAN,  LEWIS  MINER,  educator, 
was  born  Feb.  3,  1827,  in  Hanover  county, 
Va.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  he 
raised  an  artillery  company  for  the  con 
federate  service,  became  its  captain,  and 
In  1862  was  appointed  major  of  artillery. 
He  died  in  March,  1863. 

COLEMAN,  LUCY  NEWHALL,  reform 
er,  was  born  July  26,  1817,  in  Sturbridge, 
Mass.  She  obtained  a  school  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  composed  exclusively  of  colored 
children;  and  under  the  auspices  of  the 
New  York  Aid  society,  became  president 
of  the  colored  schools  in  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

COLEMAN,  LYMAN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  14,  1796,  in  Middle- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  who  was  a  classical  professor 
at  Lafayette  college  in  1861-82.  He  was 
the  author  of  Ancient  Christianity  Ex 
emplified;  Prelacy  and  Ritualism;  The 
Apostolical  and  Primitive  Church;  His 
torical  Geography  of  the  Bible;  Text- 
Book  and  Atlas  of  Bible  Geography;  and 
Genealogy  of  the  Lyman  Family.  He 
died  March  16,  1882,  in  Easton,  Pa. 

COLEMAN,  NICHOLAS  D.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1800  in  Harrison  coun 
ty,  Ky.  In  1825  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1829  to  1831.  He  was 
soon  afterward  appointed  postmaster  of 
Marysville,  and  to  the  same  position  in 
Vicksburg  from  1841  to  1844.  He  was  also 
for  a  time  president  of  the  Southern  Pa 
cific  railroad.  He  died  in  May,  1874,  in 
Vicksburg,  Ky. 

COLEMAN,  OBED  M..  inventor,  was 
born  Jan.  23,  1817,  in  Barnstable,  Mass. 
He  removed  to  Saratoga  in  1842,  and  in 
vented  improvements  in  the  accordion.  He 
also  began  here  to  construct  his  aaolian 
attachment  to  the  piano-forte,  which  gave 
him  high  rank  among  inventors.  He  sold 
his  patent  for  $100,000  in  this  country, 
and  for  about  $10,000  in  England.  He 
died  April  5,  1845,  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y. 

COLEMAN,  THOMAS,  banker,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  June  16,  1808,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  From  1852  to  1863  he  was  di 
rector  of  the  Bank  of  Troy,  resigning 
therefrom  to  assume  the  presidency  of  the 
First  National  bank.  In  1872  he  was  pres 
idential  elector  of  the  state;  and  in  1875 
was  state  senator. 

COLEMAN,  THOMAS  MOORE,  civil  en 
gineer,  poet,  was  born  May  15,  1830,  in 
Parke  county,  Ind.  For  seven  years  he 
was  justice  of  the  peace  at  Glendon,  Iowa; 
a  member  of  the  county  board  of  super 
visors;  county  surveyor;  and  has  filled 
various  positions  of  trust  in  his  county 
and  state.  He  has  written  extensively 
for  the  periodical  press,  and  his  poems 
have  been  given  a  place  in  several  stan 
dard  works. 

COLEMAN,  THOMAS  WILKES,  law 
yer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  March  31, 
1834,  in  Eutaw,  Ala.  In  1853  he  graduat 
ed  from  the  Princeton  college,  N.  J.  In 
1865  he  was  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention  of  Alabama;  was  state's 
solicitor  for  many  years;  and  chancellor 
of  Alabama.  He  has  served  as  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state 
of  Alabama,  and  still  holds  that  position. 

COLEMAN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1766,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  studied  law,  began  practice 
in  Greenfield,  Mass.,  and  during  Shay's 
rebellion  served  against  the  insurgents. 
He  removed  to  New  York  city  about  1794, 
and  was  for  a  short  time  a  law  partner 
of  Aaron  Burr.  He  died  July  13,  1829,  in 
New  York  city. 


236 


HKRKINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COLEMAN,  WILLIAM  EMMETTE,  sol 
dier,  lecturer,  orientalist,  was  born  June 
19,  1843,  in  Shadwell,  Va.  During  1854- 
57  he  was  assistant 
librarian  of  the 
Richmond  library. 
He  was  president  of 
the  board  of  regis 
tration  of  Bland 
county,  Va.,  under 
the  federal  recon 
struction  law;  a 
member  of  three 
state  conventions; 
and  vice-president  of 
the  Virginia  state 
Woman's  Rights  As 
sociation  in  1870.  He  is  now  chief  of  the 
quartermaster's  office,  United  States  army, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  During  1862-1874  he 
was  an  actor  and  stage  manager;  and 
adapted  several  novels  for  the  stage,  no 
tably  that  of  East  Lynne,  in  1864.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  government 
publications;  has  lectured  on  Evolution, 
Darwinism,  Spectrum  Analysis;  and  for 
thirty  years  has  been  an  active  writer 
and  speaker  for  higher  spiritualism.  For 
many  years  he  has  been  student  of  Orien 
talism,  and  has  written  numerous  treat 
ises  on  Oriental  subjects,  Mythology,  Phi 
lology,  Archaeology,  and  kindred  sub 
jects;  and  is  a  member  of  the  principal 
Oriental  societies  of  America  and  Eu 
rope. 

COLERICK,  JOHN,  lawyer,  was  born 
Sept.  20,  1837,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He 
was  elected  district  attorney  for  the  twen 
tieth  common  pleas  district  of  Indiana. 
In  1870  he  was  unanimously  put  in  nomi 
nation  as  the  democratic  candidate  for 
congress  in  the  ninth  congressional  dis 
trict.  He  died  March  7,  1872,  at  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind. 

COLERICK,  WALPOLE  G.,  lawyer, 
member  of  congress,  was  born  Aug.  1, 
1845,  in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  He  received 
his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his 
native  city;  and  has 
attained  success  as 
one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Indiana. 
He  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of 
representatives  of 
the  United  States  in 
the  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  con 
gresses  in  1879-83. 
In  1883  he  became  one  of  the  supreme 
court  commissioners  of  the  state  of  In 
diana,  and  served  until  the  expiration  of 
the  commission  by  limitation  of  law  cre 
ating  the  court. 

COLES,  ABRAHAM,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  26,  1813,  in  Scotch  Plains. 
N.  J.  He  was  a  New  Jersey  physician 
who  published  a  volume  containing  thir 
teen  original  translations  of  the  Dies  Irae. 
His  other  works  include  Stabat  Mater  Do- 
lorosa;  Stabat  Mater  Speciosa;  Old  Gems 
in  New  Settings;  The  Microcosm,  a  psy 
chological  poem;  The  Evangel  in  Verse; 
The  Light  of  the  World;  and  The  Psalms 
in  Verse,  with  notes.  He  died  May  3, 
1891,  in  Monterey,  Cal. 

COLES,  EDWARD,  governor,  author. 
was  born  Dec.  15,  1786,  in  Albemarle 
county,  Va.  He  was  private  secretary  to 
President  Madison,  who  sent  him  on  a 
mission  to  Russia  in  1817.  On  his  re 
turn  in  1818  he  removed  to  Illinois,  tak 
ing  with  him  his  slaves,  whom  he  had 
liberated.  He  was  governor  of  that  state 
from  1823  to  1826.  He  died  July  7,  1868, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


COLES,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1792  in  England.  He  was 
a  methodist  clergyman  who  published  The 
Antidote,  or  Revelation  Defended;  Con 
cordance  of  the  Scriptures;  and  Heroines 
of  Methodism. 

COLES,  ISAAC,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1789  to  1791,  and  again  from 
1793  to  1797. 

COLES,  JONATHAN  A.,  physician,  was 
born  May  6,  1843.  In  1891  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Union  Medical  society; 
and  has  filled  various  offices  of  responsi 
bility  and  trust  both  in  and  out  of  his 
profession  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

COLES,  WALTER,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1835 
to  1845. 

COLESWORTHY,  DANIEL  CLEMENT, 
author,  poet,  was  born  July  14,  1810,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  He  was  a  noted  book 
seller  of  Boston,  who  was  also  a  writer. 
Some  of  his  poems  for  children,  like  Don't 
Kill  the  Birds,  and  Little  Words  of  Kind 
ness,  have  been  extremely  popular.  He 
is  the  author  of  Sunday  School  Hymns; 
Advice  to  an  Apprentice;  Opening  Buds; 
Chronicles  of  Casco  Bay;  A  Group  of 
Children,  and  Other  Poems;  School  is 
Out;  The  Year;  and  A  Day  in  the  Woods, 
in  verse,  comprise  the  most  of  his  writ 
ings.  He  died  in  1893. 

COLEY,  WILLIAM  XENOPHON,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  May  7,  1868,  in  Farming- 
ton,  N.  C.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Times  of  Mocksville,  N.  C.,  of 
which  city  he  is  mayor;  and  he  has 
filled  many  important  offices  in  his  town, 
county  and  state. 

COLFAX,  SCHUYLER,  journalist,  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States,  was  born 
March  23,  1823,  in  New  York  city.  In  1850 
he  was  a  member  of 
the  state  constitu 
tional  convention; 
in  1848  and  1852  a 
delegate  to  the  whig 
national  conventions 
of  those  years,  and 
was  secretary  to 
each;  and  was  elect 
ed  a  representative 
from  Indiana  to  the 
thirty-fourth  con 
gress,  and  to  suc 
cessive  congresses, 
including  the  fortieth,  serving  as  chair 
man  of  the  committee  on  postoffices,  and 
as  regent  of  the  Smithsonian  institution. 
He  was  chosen  speaker  during  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress,  and  was  twice  re-elect 
ed  to  the  same  position.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  to  the  office  of  vice-president  of 
the  United  States  on  the  ticket  with  Gen. 
Grant  for  president.  After  the  close  of 
his  term  he  devoted  himself  to  lecturing. 
He  died  Jan.  13,  1885,  in  Mankato,  Minn. 

COLFELT,  LAWRENCE  M.,  clergyman, 
was  born  Dec.  22,  1849,  in  Reedsville,  Pa. 
He  is  a  noted  clergyman  of  Oxford  church 
of  Philadelphia,  and  in  1885  Hampden 
Sidney  college  gave  him  the  degree  of 
D.  D. 

COLGATE,  JAMES  BOORMAN,  banker, 
was  born  March  4,  1818,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  son  of  William  Colgate, 
who  came  to  America  in  1798,  settled  in 
Harford  county,  Md.,  and  in  1804  removed 
to  New  York,  where  he  established  the 
now  widely  known  industry  of  manufac 
turing  Colgate's  soaps.  James  B.  Colgate 
has  been  for  many  years  a  banker  and 
dealer  in  securities  and  bullion.  He  has 
given  large  sums  to  Colgate  university; 


and  built  and  liberally  endowed  Colgate 
academy. 

COLGATE,  ROBERT,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  1812.  While  long  connected 
with  his  father's  firm,  his  greatest 
achievement  was  the  manufacture  of 
white  lead  by  corrosion  for  use  in  paints. 
About  1845  he  organized  the  firm  of  Rob 
ert  Colgate  and  Company,  and  built  works 
in  the  city  of  Brooklyn  under  the  name 
of  The  Atlantic  White  Lead  and  Linseed 
Oil  company.  He  died  July  4,  1885. 

COLGATE,  SAMUEL,  manufacturer, 
was  born  March  22,  1822,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  William  Col 
gate.  At  an  early  age  he  took  a  position 
in  the  works  of  Colgate  and  Company, 
manufacturers  of  soap,  and  has  since  de 
voted  his  business  life  to  this  industry, 
now  being  senior  partner  in  the  concern. 
In  conjunction  with  his  brother,  James 
B.  Colgate,  he  erected  the  Colgate  acad 
emy  building,  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  at  an 
expense  of  $60,000.  He  is  president  of  the 
New  York  Baptist  Education  society,  and 
of  the  Society  for  the  Suppression  of  Vice. 

COLGATE,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Jan.  25,  1783,  in  England.  He 
emigrated  to  Maryland  in  1795;  and  in 
1804  became  apprentice  to  a  soap  boiler 
of  New  York  city,  whose  business  he  sub 
sequently  followed  with  success.  He  died 
March  25,  1857,  in  New  York  city. 

COLHOUN,  EDMUND  R.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  May  6,  1821,  in  Pennsylvania. 
In  1863  he  commanded  the  steamer  La- 
dona,  and  afterward  the  monitor  Wee- 
hawken,  of  the  south  Atlantic  blockad 
ing  squadron,  in  her  various  engagements 
with  Forts  Sumter,  Wagner  and  Beaure- 
gard,  in  the  summer  of  1863.  He  was  com 
mandant  at  Mare  Island  navy-yard,  Cal., 
in  1879-80,  and  inspector  of  vessels  in 
California  at  the  time  of  his  retirement. 

COLHOUN,  JOHN,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1802  in  Pennsylvania.  He  en 
tered  the  navy  as  midshipman  in  1821, 
and  was  subsequently  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  commodore  in  1867.  He  died  Nov. 
30,  1872,  in  New  York  city. 

COLLAMER,  JACOB,  lawyer,  jurist. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1792 
in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature, 
and  from  1833  to 
1841  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of 
Vermont;  and  in 
1843  took  his  seat  as 
a  representative  in 
congress  from  Ver 
mont,  serving  by 
re-elections  until 
1849.  In  March  of 
that  year  he  was  ap 
pointed  postmaster- 
general  in  the  cabi 
net  of  President  Taylor,  and  was  soon 
afterward  appointed  on  the  supreme 
bench  of  his  state,  which  office  he  held 
until  1854,  when  he  was  elected  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  from  Vermont  for  six 
years  from  1855.  In  1861  he  was  re-elect 
ed  for  the  term  ending  in  1867.  He  died 
Nov.  8,  1865,  in  Woodstock,  Vt. 

COLLAMORE,  DAVIS,  merchant,  man 
ufacturer,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1820,  in 
Scituate,  Mass.  In  1842  he  established 
himself  in  business  in  New  York  city,  and 
in  1886  the  business  was  reorganized  as 
a  stock  company,  of  which  he  continued 
president  until  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
died  Aug.  13,  1887. 

COLLBRAN,  HENRY,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1852,  in  London. 
England.  He  is  president  of  the  Midland 
Terminal  railway  at  Denver,  Colo. 


COLLENS,   THOMAS  WHARTON    jur 
ist.   author,   was   born   June   23,    1812    in 

ftrlst   n  6T'  L*n  ,  He  Was  a  ^en-known 
Jurist   of    New   Orleans,    who    wrote   The 

of  tlf^  a   tragedy:    Human/cs; 
b°Ur  Movement;  and  The 


HKRRJNGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


237 


man  who  in  his  later  years  was  a  Lon 
don  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Her 
ald;  and  the  author  of  Every-Day  Sub 
jects  in  Sunday  Sermons;  Meditations  on 
the  Essence  of  Christianity;  Henrv  Irv- 
an<i  a  Criticism  and  En- 


COLLES,  CHRISTOPHER,  engineer 
Philosopher,  was  born  about  1738  in  Ire 
land.  During  the  war  of  1812  he  'was  the 
projector  and  attendant  of  the  telegraph 

tT*C^,,°«  CfhS'leflC1jnt°n-     He  is  sai(1  to 
the   first    steam    engine     in 


COLLETT,  JOHN,  geologist,  state  sen 
ator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  6  1828  in 
Eugene,  Ind.  He  was  state  senator  ,!i 

71;  assistant  state  geologist  in  1870-78; 

fn^s™  7eQ      Jhe  State  house  Commission 
78-79;   chief  of  the  bureau  of  statis- 

n   18S1  Ik      vey  in11879-8°;  and  geologist 
1881-86.     From  1870  till  1879  he  pub- 

L'pSn,ni?mia!ly  his  reports  as  assistant 
geologist  and  as  geologist  from  1881  till 
1884.  and  for  the  years  1879  and  1880  re 
ports  of  the  bureau  of  statistics  and  geol- 

COLLIER,  MRS.  ADA  LANGWORTHY 

Jtnpr,  poet,   was  born  in  1843  in  Iowa' 

She  is  a  writer  of  Dubuque,  whose  Lilith' 


COLLIER,  THOMAS    S.,  naval    officer 
Physicmn,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  14    1842   in 
York  city     He  entered  the  American 
?  ear'y  age'  in  which  he  served 
sw      6  Cml  war'  and  was  retired  in 
Sd.     His  poems  have  appeared  in  many 

coa,pfIHd-PUbliCati°ns'  which  have  been 
collected  in  one  complete  volume,  entitled 
Song  Spray.  He  died  in  1893. 


COLLIER,  CHARLES  A.,  banker,  was 
born  July  1,  1848,  in  Atlanta  Ga  In  1887 
he  wag  president  of  the  Piedmont  expo 
sition;  alderman  of  that  city  in  1888;  and 
was  engaged  extensively  in  mercantile 
and  banking  pursuits. 

COLLIER,  GEORGE  X.  M.,  lawyer  was 
born  Sept.  27,  1838,  in  Claremont  N  H 

e  attended  the  public  schools,  and  grad 
uated  from  the  university  of  Michigan  He 
has  attained  prominence  as  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  Michigan,  and  prac 
tices  his  profession  at  Detroit. 

COLLIER,  HENRY  WATKINS,  lawyer 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  17  1801 
m  Lunenburg  county,  Va.  He  was'  judgo 
of  the  circuit  court  of  Tuscaloosa  Ala 
district  from  1827  to  1837;  chief  justic« 
of  Alabama  from  1837  to  1849;  and  gov 
ernor  from  1849  to  1853.  He  died  Aug. 
28,  1855,  at  Bailey's  Springs,  Ala. 

COLLIER,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1787  in  Broome  county 
N.  Y.     He  practiced  law  at  Binghamton 
was  elected  to  congress  as  a  Clay  demo 
crat,    serving    from    1831    till    1833;    was 
state  comptroller  in  1845-46,  and  was  com 
missioner  to  revise  the  code  in  1847     He 
•died  March  24,  1873,  in  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
COLLIER.     JOSEPH     AVERY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was   born  Oct.   26,  'l828,   in 
Plymouth,  Mass.  He  was  a  reformed  Dutch 
clergyman   of  Kingston,   N.   Y.;    and   the 
author  of  The  Right  Way,  or  the  Gospel 
Applied    to    the    Intercourse    of    Individ 
uals  and  Nations;   The  Christian  Home; 
The   Young  Men  of  the   Bible;    Pleasant 
Paths  for  Little  Feet;  Little  Crowns-  and 
Dawn  of  Heaven.     He  died  Aug.  13,  1864 
in  Kinderhook,   N.  Y. 

COLLIER,  PETER,  chemist,  author 
was  born  Aug.  17,  1835,  in  Chittengo,  N. 
Y.  He  is  a  chemist  of  distinction  for 
several  years  attached  to  the  department 
of  agriculture  at  Washington;  and  the 
author  of  Sorghum,  Its  Culture  and  Manu 
facture  Economically  Considered;  and  In 
vestigations  of  Sorghum  as  a  Sugar  Pro 
ducing  Plant. 

COLLIER,  ROBERT  LAIRD,  clergyman 
author,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1837,  in  Salis 
bury,  Md.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergy- 


COLLIN,  JOHN  F.,  state  legislator,  con- 
ssman,  was  born  April  30,  1802  in 
Hillsdale,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  state 
legislature  m  1834;  was  a  member  of 
the  county  board  of  supervisors;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
»  ork  from  1845  to  1847. 

COLLINS,  CHARLES,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  17  1813  in 
North  Yarmouth,  Maine.  He  was' a  me'th- 
odist  preacher  and  educator  of  Tennes 
see,  who  published  Methodism  and  Cal 
vinism  Compared.  He  died  July  10  1875 
in  Memphis,  Tenn. 

COLLINS,    CHARLES,    merchant    was 

rnTs^T'  2-  V817'  in  Blandford,  Mass, 
in  1842  he  established  a  business  in  St 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  was  also  at  the  head  of 
large  cotton  manufactory  in  Glaston- 
bury,  Conn.  After  the  war  he  closed  his 
business  in  St.  Louis  and  established  a 
dry  goods  commission  house  in  New  York 
city,  from  which  he  retired  in  1878  He 
died  Nov.  30,  1891. 

COLLINS,  CLARENCE  LYMAN,  was 
born  Feb.  22,  1848,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  In 
18<8  he  conducted  a  wholesale  commis 
sion  business  under  the  firm  name  of 
Whitin  and  Collins;  and  in  1878  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  chamber  of  com 
merce  of  New  York  city. 

COLLINS,  DAVID  EDWARD,  banker 
poet,  was  born  May  8,  1850,  in  Scotland.' 
He  is  a  banker  of  high  standing  in  Oak 
land,  Cal.,  where  he  now  resides  He 
has  written  more  than  one  hundred  com 
mendable  poems  that  have  received  ex 
tensive  publication  in  the  University  Jour 
nal  and  the  periodical  press  generally. 

COLLINS,  EDWARD  K.,  shipowner 
was  born  Aug.  5,  1802,  in  Cape  Cod,  Mass' 
He  established  the  Dramatic  line  of  sail 
ing  packets  to  Liverpool  in  1836  The 
first  steamer  of  the  Collins  line  between 
New  York  and  Liverpool  sailed  from 
New  York  on  April  27,  1849.  He  died 
Jan.  22,  1878,  in  New  York  city. 

COLLINS,  EDWIN  RALPH,  explorer 
author,  was  born  in  1859,  in  Newark  N' 
He  has  traveled  extensively  and  'has 
attained  prominence  as  an  explorer  of 
the  Hudson  Bay  regions.  He  has  been 
editor  of  the  Texas  Siftings,  and  is  the 
author  of  several  novels. 

COLLINS,  ELA,  lawyer,  congressman 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1786,  in  Meriden,  Conn.' 

e  was  for  twenty  years  district  attor 
ney,  displaymg  ability  as  an  advocate 
and  during  the  latter  part  of  his  life  de 
voted  much  attention  to  farming  HP 
commanded  a  regiment  of  militia  near 
Sacketts  Harbor,  N.  Y.,  in  1814;  repre- 
-ented  Lewis  county  in  the  legislature  of 
the  state,  and  in  1821  was  a  member  of 

3  state  constitutional  convention.  He 
was  in  congress  from  New  York  from  1823 
to  1825.  He  died  Nov.  23,  1848,  in  Low- 
ville,  Conn. 


COLLINS,    FRANCIS    D.,    lawyer    con 
gressman,  was  born  March  5,  1844   in  Sau- 
gerties,  N.  Y.     He  was  elected  a  district 
attorney  in  1869;  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  in  1872,  1873  and  1874,  and  in  the 
latter   year  was  elected  a  representative 
fiom  Pennsylvania    to    the    forty-fourth 
and  forty-fifth  congresses  as  a  democrat 
COLLINS,  FRANK  W.,  lawyer,  lecturer 
was   born  Feb.   9,   1860,    in   Pompey   Hill' 
*.    Y.      He   attended   the   Dryden    Union 
school  and  academy, 
and   graduated   from 
the  Syracuse  univer 
sity.     During  1894-96 
he  was  president  of 
the  Nebraska  Repub 
lican      league,      and 
has     been     assistant 
prosecuting  attorney 
of  Lincoln,  Neb.  Dur 
ing  the  campaign  of 
1896  he  was  kept  in 
constant    service    by 
the  national  republi 
can  committee,  and  lectured  in  the  prin 
cipal   cities  of  Wisconsin,  Michigan    Illi 
nois  and  Nebraska,  and  his  lectuies'  gen- 
t. rdiiy  3, Don  11  (I  with  3.n  InAThoito+f V\IA  * »    *i 
of  w'f  HHuMMisiiDw  fund 

COLLINS,  GEORGE  J.,  soldier,  was 
born  Oct.  25,  1839,  in  New  York  city  He 
attained  the  rank  of  lieutenant  in  the 
civil  war;  in  1882  was  elected  alderman  of 

iorWe"ty"first   war<1   of   Brooklyn,   and 
>0  postmaster  of  Brooklyn. 

COLLINS,  GEORGE  T.,  soldier   lawyer 
egislator,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1842   in  Scot.! 
and   county,   Mo.     During   ttie   c'ivU   war 
ne  served  in  company  F,  forty-fifth  Iowa 
nfantry;    and   has   since  attained   prom 
inence   as  a   noted    lawyer   of    Memphis, 
Mo.      He    served    with    distinction    as    a 
member  of  the  thirty-fourth,   thirty-fifth 
Missouri  general    assemblies    of 

COLLINS,     GILBERT,     lawyer,     jurist 
was   born   Aug.    26,    1816,    in    Stonington 
Conn.     He  recetved  the  rudiments  of  his 
education      in       the 
public   schools;     and 
was      prepared      by 
David    Hart,    A.    M., 
for  Yale  college.  He 
,,_.        has  attained  success 
k"  I         as  one   of   the   fore 

most  lawyers  of  the 
«L  east,      and      has      a 

^\  j^^  large  practice  in 
Jersey  City,  N.  J., 
of  which  city  he  was 
mayor  during  1884- 
86.  In  1897  he  was 

appointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of   New   Jersey,   and   his   decisions   have 
shown  great  judicial  ability  and  learning. 
COLLINS,  HOLDRIDGE  OZRO,  lawyer 
author,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1844,  in  Cayuga 
county,   N.   Y      He   was   instrumental  !n 
the  creation  of  the  first  regiment  infan- 
llinois  national  guard,  and   he  was 
t    the   six   captains    who   was   first 
sleeted      He  was  promoted  to  lieutenant- 
lonel,  and  had  a  large  command  in  Chi- 
?ag°oo!'ring   the   railroad    riots   of   1877 
884    he   published    a   history   of   the 
Illinois  National  Guards. 


fi'  publisher,  was  born 
16,  1746,  in  Delaware.  In  1770  he 
was  appointed  public  printer  in  New  Jer 
sey  and  removed  to  Burlington.  In  1771 
wt^t11  -he  publication  of  an  almanac, 
which  he  issued  annually  for  more  than 
twenty  years.  In  1778  he  removed  to 
Tienton,  and  there  printed  5,000  copies  of 
a  family  Bible  that  was  remarkably  free 
ii om  typ?graphical  errors.  He  died  March 
21,  1817,  in  Burlington,  N.  J. 


238 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COLLINS,  JERKMIAH  BUCKLEY,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  April  2,  1865,  at 
Renovo,  Pa.  In  1890  he  graduated  from 
the  northern  Indiana  law  school,  and 
three  years  later  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Indiana  legislature. 

COLLINS,  JOHN,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Delaware  from  1820  to  his 
death,  which  occurred  April  15,  1822,  in 
Wilmington,  Del. 

COLLINS,  JOHN,  congressman,  govern 
or,  was  born  June  8,  1717.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Rhode  Island  from  1786  to  1789. 
He  was  a  patriot  of  the  revolution,  a  dele 
gate  to  the  old  congress  from  1778  to  1783, 
and  a  signer  of  the  articles  of  confedera 
tion.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  in  1789.  He  died  March  8,  1795, 
In  Newport,  R.  I. 

COLLINS,  LEWIS,  journalist,  jurist, 
was  born  Dec.  25,  1797.  He  was  proprietor 
and  editor  of  the  Maysville  Eagle  for 
twenty-seven  years,  and  from  1851-54  was 
first  presiding  judge  of  the  Mason  county 
court.  He  died  Jan.  29,  1870,  in  Lexing 
ton.  Ky. 

COLLINS,  LORIN  WARREN,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  in  1838 
in  Lowell,  Mass.  He  moved  to  Minnesota 
In  1854;  served  through  the  civil  war  in 
the  seventh  Minnesota,  and  was  brevetted 
captain  in  1865.  He  was  county  attorney 
of  Stearns  county  for  ten  years;  and  a 
member  of  the  Minnesota  house  of  rep 
resentatives  in  1881-83.  In  1883  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  seventh  judicial  dis 
trict;  and  was  elected  the  following  year. 
Since  1887  he  has  been  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court. 

COLLINS,  NAPOLEON,  naval  officer, 
was  born  May  4,  1814,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  entered  the  navy  as  midshipman  in 
1840,  attained  the  rank  of  rear-admiral, 
and  in  1874  was  made  commander  of  the 
Pacific  squadron.  He  died  June  7,  1875, 
In  Washington,  D.  C. 

COLLINS,  PATRICK  A.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  March  12, 
1844,  in  Ireland.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  In  the  public 
schools  of  Chelsea,  Mass.,  and  graduated 
from  the  Harvard  law  school.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer  of  Boston,  Mass.;  was 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  house  of 
representatives  in  1868-69;  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  senate  in  1870-71;  and  in  1875 
was  Judge  advocate-general  of  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  representative  In  the 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  con 
gresses,  and  served  on  various  important 
committees.  During  1893-97  he  was  con 
sul-general  of  the  United  States  at  Lon 
don,  England. 

COLLINS,  SPENCER,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  10,  1861,  near  Glenville,  W.  Va. 
In  1883  he  graduated  from  the  Glenville 
State  Normal  school,  and  subsequently 
engaged  in  educational  work.  In  1887  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  has  become 
prominent  in  his  profession  in  his  native 
city. 

COLLINS,  THOMAS,  soldier,  jurist, 
governor,  was  born  in  1732,  in  Delaware. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  council  for  four 
years;  brigadier-general  of  militia  from 
1776  to  1783;  a  member  of  the  assembly, 
and  chief  Justice  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas;  and  was  governor  of  Delaware 
from  1786  to  1789.  He  died  March  29. 
1789,  near  Ducks  Creek,  Del. 

COLLINS,  THOMAS  WHARTON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  June 
23,  1812,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  was  re 
porter  and  clerk  of  the  state  senate  in 
1834,  then  edited  the  True  American. 
He  was  district  attorney  for  the  Orleans 
district  in  1840-42;  Judge  of  the  city  court 
in  1842-46,  a  member  of  the  constitutional 


convention  in  1852,  and  in  1856  was  elected 
judge  of  the  first  district  court  of  New 
Orleans.  In  1867  he  was  made  judge  of 
the  seventh  district  court.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  tragedy  called  The  Martyr 
Patriots,  which  was  successfully  per 
formed;  also  of  Humanics;  The  Eden 
of  Labor;  and  essays  on  sociology,  ethics, 
and  politics,  published  in  periodicals.  He 
died  Nov.  3,  1879. 

COLLINS,  TRUMAN  D.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  March  7,  1831,  in  Cortland, 
N.  Y.  Since  1891  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Tronesta  Valley  and  Hickory  rail 
road  at  Nebraska,  Pa. 

COLLINS,  MRS.  W.  LESLIE,  poet.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  Sea 
Waifs  and  Other  Poems. 

COLLINS,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Oneida  county,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1847  to  1849,  and  was 
district  attorney  for  Lewis  county  until 
he  removed  to  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

COLLINS,  ZACCHEUS,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Aug.  26,  1764,  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  society  of 
Friends,  a  promoter  of  the  advancement 
of  the  natural  sciences,  and  an  officer  or 
member  of  many  philosophical,  humane 
and  religious  societies. 

COLLYER,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1823,  in  England. 
He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  New  York 
and  one  of  the  leading  men  among  the 
clergy  of  his  faith.  He  was  born  in  York 
shire,  and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade, 
which  he  still  followed  after  coming  to 
America  in  1849.  He  was  then  a  Wesleyan 
local  preacher,  but  his  views  changing 
he  became  a  Unitarian,  and  in  1860  found 
ed  Unity  church  in  Chicago,  over  which 
he  remained  pastor  until  he  went  to 
New  York  in  1879.  His  influence,  both 
within  and  without  the  Unitarian  body, 
has  been  very  great.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Life  that  Now  Is;  Nature  and 
Life;  A  Man  in  Earnest;  The  Simple 
Truth,  a  Home  Book;  Lectures  to  Young 
Men  and  Women;  History  of  Ilkley,  in 
Yorkshire. 

COLMAN,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1673,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  famous  congregational 
minister  of  Boston,  whose  theological 
views  were  much  more  liberal  than  those 
of  his  contemporaries,  and  whose  literary 
style  was  far  more  polished  and  flexible. 
Evangelical  Sermons  Collected;  Twenty 
Sacramental  Sermons.  He  died  Aug.  29, 
1747,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

COLMAN,  ELIHU,  attorney,  legislator, 
was  born  May  11,  1841,  in  Oneida,  Wis. 
He  graduated  from  the  Lawrence  uni 
versity  in  1865,  and  was  elected  to  the 
Wisconsin  legislature  in  1872.  He  was 
United  States  district  attorney  for  the 
eastern  district  of  Wisconsin  during  Pres 
ident  Harrison's  administration. 

COLMAN,  HENRY,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  12,  1785,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
an  agricultural  writer  of  Massachusetts, 
who  was  a  congregational  minister  at 
Hingham,  1807-20,  and  afterwards  a  Uni 
tarian  minister  at  Salem;  and  the  author 
of  Report  on  Silk  Culture;  European 
Agriculture  and  Rural  Economy;  Agricul 
ture  and  Rural  Economy  of  France,  Bel 
gium,  Holland,  and  Switzerland;  and  Eu 
ropean  Life  and  Manners.  He  died  Aug. 
14,  1849,  in  England. 

COLMAN,  HENRY,  clergyman,  was 
born  May  14,  1834,  in  Bridport,  Vt.  He 
is  an  eminent  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church,  and  since  1868  has  been 
trustee  of  the  Lawrence  university  of 
Appleton,  Wis. 


COLMAN,  NORMAN  J.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  was  born  in  1827, 
near  Richfield  Springs,  N.  Y.  He  moved 
to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1853,  and  founded 
Colman's  Rural  World,  an  agricultural 
paper.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
board  of  aldermen  for  the  city  of  St. 
Louis  in  1855,  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  legislature  of  Missouri 
in  1865.  He  was  elected  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Missouri  in  1874,  and  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Missouri  State  Horticultural 
society.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  United 
States  commissioner  of  agriculture. 

COLMAN,  SAMUEL,  painter,  was  born 
in  1832,  in  Portland,  Me.  He  began  early 
to  sketch  from  nature  in  and  around  New 
York,  where  his  father  was  a  publisher, 
and  became  a  pupil  of  Asher  B.  Durand. 
His  studio  is  in  New  York,  and  he  was 
the  first  president  of  the  American  water 
color  society.  His  pictures  include  Bay 
of  Gibraltar;  Misty  Afternoon  in  Ven 
ice;  Ruins  of  Mosque  in  Algeria;  and 
Tower  of  Giralda. 

COLQUILLARD,  ALEXIS,  manufactu 
rer,  capitalist,  was  born  April  27,  1825, 
in  Detroit,  Mich.  He  kept  on  increasing 
his  landed  possessions  until  1865,  when  he 
established  the  Colquillard  Wagon  works 
of  South  Bend,  Ind. 

COLQUITT,  ALFRED  HOLT,  soldier, 
lawyer,  United  States  senator,  governor, 
was  born  April  20,  1824,  in  Walton  coun 
ty,  Ga.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1853  to  1855; 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1860.  He 
entered  the  confederate  army  as  colonel, 
and,  by  distinguished  gallantry,  won  pro 
motion  to  the  rank  of  major-general.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  Georgia  in  1876 
by  the  largest  majority  ever  received 
by  a  candidate  in  that  state,  and  continued 
in  office,  by  re-election,  until  1882,  when 
he  was  elected  a  senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Georgia  for  the  term  of  six 
years;  and  received  the  re-election  in  1888 
and  served  until  1895. 

COLQUITT,  WALTER  T.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
27,  1799,  in  Halifax  county,  Va.  He 
served  as  a  brigadier-general  of  militia 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  and  in  1826 
was  appointed  a  district  judge,  and  held 
the  first  court  ever  held  in  Columbus. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  same  office  in 
1829,  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  in  1834  and  1837.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  Georgia  from  1839 
to  1843;  and  a  senator  in  congress  from 
1843  to  1849.  He  died  May  7,  1855,  in 
Macon,  Ga. 

COLSON,  DAVID  GRANT,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  1,  1861,  at  Yel 
low  Creek,  Ky.  In  1887  he  was  elected  to 
the  Kentucky  house  of  representatives, 
session  of  1887-88;  and  was  the  republi 
can  nominee  for  state  treasurer  in  1889. 
He  was  elected  mayor  of  Middlesboro  In 
1893,  for  four  years,  which  position  he 
resigned  to  accept  a  seat  in  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

COLSTON,  EDWARD,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1788,  in  Berkeley  county,  Va. 
He  served  for  a  long  time  as  magistrate  of 
the  county,  and  in  the  capacity  of  high 
sheriff.  He  was  frequently  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1817  to  1819.  He  died  April  23,  1851. 

COLT,  LE  BARON  BRADFORD,  law 
yer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  June  25, 
1846,  in  Dedham,  Mass.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  of 
Rhode  Island  in  1879  and  1880,  and  in 
1881  was  appointed  United  States  district 
judge  for  the  district  of  Rhode  Island. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


239 


COLT,  SAMUEL,  inventor,  was  born 
July  19,  1814,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  While  a 
sailor,  Mr.  Colt  had  whittled  out  a  wooden 
model  of  a  pistol,  which  should  fire  several 
shots  before  reloading,  and  in  1835  ob 
tained  a  patent  for  this  weapon,  both  in 
America  and  in  England  and  France.  A 
new  plant  was  created  in  1852  upon  a 
tract  of  250  acres  in  Hartford,  and  in 
1855  the  Colt  Patent  Fire  Arms  company 
was  organized  to  carry  on  the  business. 
He  died  Jan.  10,  1862,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

COLTON,  CALVIN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1789  in  Longmeadow,  Mass. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  some 
note  in  his  day  as  a  political  writer,  and 
the  author  of  Manual  for  Emigrants  to 
America;  History  of  American  Revivals; 
Protestant  Jesuitism;  Public  Economy  for 
the  United  States,  a  plea  for  protection; 
Life  of  Henry  Clay;  and  Junius  Tracts. 
He  died  March  13,  1857,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

COLTON,  GARDNER  QUINCY,  invent 
or,  author,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1814,  in  Geor 
gia,  Vt.  He  discovered  the  remarkable 
properties  and  made  a  practical  appli 
cation  of  the  use  of  nitrous  oxide;  and 
commenced  a  series  of  lectures  on  the 
effect  of  nitrous  oxide  upon  the  human 
system.  He  has  also  achieved  some  celeb 
rity  as  a  writer  on  various  theological 
subjects. 

COLTON,  GEORGE  HOOKER,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  27,  1818,  in  Westford,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  noted  writer  and  the  author  of 
a  poem  entitled  Tecumseh.  He  died  Dec. 
1,  1847,  in  New  York  city. 

COLTON,  WALTER,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  May  9,  1797,  in  Rutland,  Vt. 
He  was  a  journalist  and  educator  who 
established  the  first  newspaper  in  Califor 
nia,  and  built  the  first  schoolhouse  there. 
As  chaplain  in  the  United  States  navy  he 
visited  many  parts  of  the  world.  He  is 
the  author  of  Visit  to  Athens  and  Con 
stantinople;  Land  and  Lee  in  the  Bos- 
phorus  and  JEgean;  and  other  works.  He 
died  Jan.  22,  1851,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

COLUMBUS,  CHRISTOPHER,  discov 
erer,  was  born  about  1436.  He  discovered 
America  on  Oct.  12,  1492.  He  died  May  20, 
1506,  in  Valladolid. 

COLVER,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman, 
was  born  May  10,  1794,  in  Orwell,  Vt.  He 
was  eminent  as  an  anti-mason  and  abol 
itionist;  was  an  able  preacher  and  had 
great  power  with  the  masses.  He  founded 
and  put  in  successful  operation  at  Rich 
mond,  the  Colver  institute  for  educat 
ing  young  men  of  color  for  the  minis 
try.  He  died  Sept.  25,  1870,  in  Chicago,  111. 

COLVIN,  ADDISON  B.,  journalist,  pub 
lic  official,  was  born  in  1858  in  the  state 
of  New  York.  He  attended  school  in 
the  Glens  Falls  acad 
emy,  and  at  the  age 
of  eighteen  years  he 
was  the  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the 
Glens  Falls  Daily 
Times,  and  was  at 
that  time  the  young- 
|j  est  editor  of  a  daily 
paper  in  the  United 
States.  Since  1894 
he  has  been  treasu 
rer  of  the  state  of 
New  York;  and  is 
the  president  of  the  New  York  State 
league  of  Republican  clubs.  He  is  sec 
retary  and  treasurer  of  the  Queensbury 
republican  town  committee;  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Warren  county  republi 
can  committee;  treasurer  of  the  Republi 
can  league  of  the  State  of  New  York; 
was  for  several  years  director  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Warren  County  Agricul 


tural  society;  is  a  stockholder  of  the 
Glens  Falls  Gas  Company;  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  People's  National  bank 
of  Sandy  Hill;  is  a  director  of  the  Cran- 
dall  Free  library  of  Glens  Falls;  was  one 
of  the  organizers  and  is  a  charter  member 
of  the  United  Press  association;  is  a 
member  and  ex  vice-president  of  the  New 
York  Press  association;  was  one  of  the 
organizers  and  first  vice-president  of  the 
Commercial  Union  Telegraph  company; 
is  ex-chief  engineer  of  the  Glens  Falls 
fire  department;  was  organizer  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Glens  Falls  Messenger  Serv 
ice  company;  was  one  of  the  organizers 
and  vice-presidents  of  the  Glens  Falls 
board  of  trade,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Glens  Falls  Business  Men's  association. 

COLVIN,  VERPLANCK,  engineer,  sur 
veyor,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  4, 
1847,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1872  he  applied 
to  the  legislature  for  aid,  and  in  conse 
quence  the  Adirondack  survey  was  in 
stituted,  with  himself  as  superintendent. 
His  work  during  that  year  included  the 
discovery  of  Lake  Tear-of-the-Clouds,  the 
most  elevated  lake  spring  and  source  of 
the  Hudson  river.  About  1881  he  deliv 
ered  at  Hamilton  college  a  series  of  lec 
tures  on  geodesy,  surveying,  and  topo 
graphical  engineering. 

COLWELL,  J.  B.,  clergyman,  was  born 
July  19,  1834,  in  Herefordshire,  England. 
In  1862  he  graduated  from  the  Garret 
Biblical  institute  of  Evanston,  111.;  has 
since  attained  eminence  as  one  of  the 
foremost  clergymen  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church  in  Illinois,  and  now  fills  a 
pastorate  at  Ridge  Farm. 

COLWELL,  STEPHEN,  merchant,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1800  in  Vermont.  He 
was  an  iron  merchant  of  Philadelphia, 
who  wrote  much  on  current  topics,  espe 
cially  matters  relating  to  political  econ 
omy.  He  was  the  author  of  Ways  and 
Means  of  Commercial  Payment;  Money  on 
Account;  Removal  of  the  Deposits  from 
the  Bank  of  the  United  States;  Domestic 
Production  and  Internal  Trade;  Hints  to 
Laymen;  Charity  and  the  Clergy;  Poli 
tics  for  American  Christians;  and  New 
Themes  for  Protestant  Clergy.  He  died 
Jan.  15,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

COLYAR,  ARTHUR  ST.  CLAIR,  law 
yer,  was  born  June  23,  1818,  in  Washing 
ton  county,  Tenn.  He  was  self-educated, 
and  achieved  success  as  a  lawyer.  He 
opposed  secession  in  1861,  but  became 
a  member  of  the  confederate  congress 
and  served  till  1865.  After  the  war  he 
reorganized  the  Tennessee  Coal  and  Rail 
road  company,  becoming  its  president,  and 
also  engaged  in  manufacturing;  and  has 
done  much  to  develop  the  resources  of  the 
south. 

COLYER,  VINCENT,  painter,  was  born 
in  1825,  in  Bloomington,  N.  Y.  His  works 
include  Johnson  Straits,  British  Colum 
bia;  Columbia  River;  Pueblo;  Passing 
Shower;  Rainy  Day  on  Connecticut 
Shore;  and  Winter  on  Connecticut  Shore. 
He  died  July  12,  1888,  in  Connecticut. 

COMAN,  CHARLOTTE  B.,  painter,  was 
born  about  1845  in  Waterville,  N.  Y.  After 
painting  in  France  and  Holland  for  six 
years,  she  returned  to  the  United  States, 
and  opened  a  studio  in  New  York.  Her 
best  works  are  French  Village;  Sunset  at 
the  Seaside,  France;  Peasant  Home  in 
Normandy;  Cottage  in  Picardy;  Old 
Windmills  in  Holland;  Spring-Time  in 
Picardy;  and  Poppy-Field  in  Normandy. 

COMAN,  KATHERINE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1857  in  Ohio.  She  is  a 
professor  of  history  at  Wellesley  college, 
and  the  author  of  Outlines  in  Constitu 
tional  History  of  England;  Outlines  in 
Industrial  History;  and  The  Growth  of 
the  English  Nation. 


COMBES.  RICHARD  C..  underwriter, 
was  born  May  17,  1827,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  secretary  of  the  Exchange  Fire 
Insurance  company  of  New  York  city,  and 
in  1870  was  its  president.  He  is  the 
president  of  the  National  Switch  and  Sig 
nal  company,  and  of  Palmer's  Torpedo 
Machine  company. 

COMBS,  JOHN  ALFRED,  lawyer,  lec 
turer,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1851,  in  Canada. 
He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  of 
Stony  Creek,  Alexander's  private  acad 
emy,  and  the  High  school  of  Hamilton, 
Canada;  and  has  attained  success  as  a 
prominent  lawyer  of  Saginaw,  Mich.  Dur 
ing  1890-94  he  was  chairman  of  the  re 
publican  committee  for  Saginaw  county, 
Mich.;  in  1895-97  was  state  lecturer  of  the 
Orange  lodge,  and  for  one  year  was  the 
worthy  preceptor  of  the  Royal  Black 
Knights  of  the  Camp  of  Israel. 

COMEGYS,  BENJAMIN  BARTIS,  bank 
er,  author,  was  born  in  1819  in  Delaware. 
He  is  a  banker  of  Philadelphia,  and  the 
author  of  Tour  Round  My  Library,  and 
Other  Papers;  Advice  to  Young  Men  and 
Boys;  A  Primer  of  Ethics;  Talks  with 
Boys  and  Girls;  How  to  Get  On,  a  Book 
for  Boys;  Turn  Over  a  New  Leaf;  An 
Order  of  Worship;  and  Old  Stories  with 
New  Lessons. 

COMEGYS,  CORNELIUS  P.,  governor, 
was  born  in  Delaware.  He  was  governor 
of  that  state  from  1837  to  1840. 

COMEGYS,  JOSEPH  PARSONS,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Dec. 
29,  1813,  in  St.  Jones's  Neck,  Del.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  the  state  in  1842  and  1848. 
In  1851  he  was  appointed  one  of  a  com 
mittee  of  three  to  revise  the  statutes  of 
the  state  and  in  1856  was  chosen  to  fill 
a  vacancy  in  the  United  States  senate. 

COMER,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  1704  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  left  a  diary 
in  manuscript,  which  contains  interest 
ing  information  of  the  early  history  of 
the  baptists  in  America.  He  died  May 
23,  1734,  in  Old  Rehoboth,  Mass. 

COMER,  THOMAS,  actor,  was  born  Dec. 
19,  1790,  in  England.  In  1827  he  came  to 
the  United  States,  and  was  successively 
musical  director  at  the  Tremont  theater, 
the  Museum,  and  the  Boston  theater. 
His  forte  was  acting  eccentric  parts  and 
Irish  impersonations.  He  was  also  skilled 
in  musical  composition.  He  died  July  27, 
1802,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

COMFORT,  AARON  IVINS,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  March  4,  1827,  in 
Penn's  Manor,  Pa.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public 
schools,  Williston 
seminary,  Amherst 
college,  and  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  was  as 
sistant  instructor  of 
the  classics  and 
higher  mathematics, 
and  assistant  dem 
onstrator  of  anatomy 
in  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania;  con 
sulting  accoucheur  of 
the  Philadelphia  Lying-in  Charity  hospi 
tal;  and  consulting  physician  of  the  South 
ern  dispensary  of  Philadelphia.  During  the 
civil  war  he  was  captain  and  assistant 
surgeon  of  the  United  States  volunteers, 
and  acting  assistant  surgeon  United  States 
army  during  1865-92.  He  is  now  first  as 
sistant  surgeon  in  the  National  Home  for 
Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers  at  Milwaukee, 
Wis.  Dr.  Comfort  has  contributed  mono 
graphs  on  Indian  mounds  to  the  Smithson 
ian  institution;  and  contributed  valuable 
papers  and  articles  to  medical  literature. 


240 


HERRINGSHAW'S    KNC YCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COMFORT,  MRS.  ANNA  MANNING, 
physician,  author,  was  born  in  1845  in 
New  Jersey.  She  is  a  physician  of  Syra 
cuse,  who  has  written  Woman's  Education 
and  Woman's  Health,  a  reply  to  Dr. 
Clarke's  once  famous  Sex  in  Education. 

COMFORT,  GEORGE  FISK,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1833  in  New  York. 
He  has  been  a  professor  at  Syracuse  uni 
versity  since  1872;  and  has  published  a 
series  of  German  text-books  and  The 
Land  Troubles  in  Ireland. 

COMINGO,  ABRAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1820,  in  Mercer 
county,  Ky.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Missouri  state  convention  in  1861; 
appointed  provost-marshal  in  May,  1863; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-second  and 
forty-third  congresses. 

COMINS,  LINUS  B.,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1817  in  Charlton, 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Roxbury 
city  council  in  1846,  and  in  1847  and  1848 
was  president  of  the  council;  and  in  1854 
was  mayor  of  Roxbury.  He  was  soon  after 
elected  to  congress  from  Massachusetts, 
and  continued  in  that  position  to  the  close 
of  the  thirty-fifth  congress,  serving  on 
the  committee  on  commerce. 

COMLY,  JOHN,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1774  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
Pennsylvania  educator  among  the 
Friends,  who  prepared  a  speller  that  was 
phenomenally  popular,  and  also  a  gram 
mar  and  other  text-books.  He  died  Aug. 
17,  1850,  in  Ryeberry,  Pa. 

COMMAGER,  HENRY  S.,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1825.  He  was  a  prominent 
democratic  politician  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  and 
in  1864  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  congress.  He  was  colonel  of  the  sixty- 
seventh  Ohio  regiment  during  the  eivil 
war,  and  in  1865  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers.  He  died  Sept.  5, 
1867,  in  Calveston,  Texas. 

COMMONS,  JOHN  ROGERS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1862  in  Ohio.  He  has 
been  a  professor  of  sociology  at  Syracuse 
university  since  1895;  and  is  the  author 
of  The  Distribution  of  Wealth;  Social 
Reform  and  the  Church;  and  Propor 
tional  Representation. 

COMPTON,  BARNES,  was  born  Nov.  16, 
1830,  in  Port  Tobacco,  Md.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1859  without  opposition;  in  1866  was 
elected  state  senator  for  four  years;  and 
was  elected  president  of  the  senate.  At 
the  end  of  two  years  he  was  re-elected 
for  a  full  term  and  was  again  elected 
president  of  the  senate.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  treasurer  of  the  state,  and  served 
by  re-election  more  than  eleven  years. 
In  1877  he  became  a  member  of  the  board 
of  managers  of  the  state  hospital  for  the 
Insane;  and  in  1879  was  made  treasurer 
of  the  board.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Maryland  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first  and  fifty-second 
congresses. 

COMPTON,  ISAAC  M.,  legislator,  was 
born  March  30,  1832,  in  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio.  In  1876  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature;  and  re-elected  in  1878.  He 
was  the  author  of  Compton's  ventilation 
bill. 

COMSTOCK,  ADDISON  J.,  pioneer,  was 
born  Oct.  17,  1802,  in  Palmyra,  N.  Y.  In 
1826  he  built  the  first  log  house  and  saw 
mill  in  Adrian,  Mich.;  and  in  1828  laid 
out  the  town  of  Adrian.  He  was  ap 
pointed  postmaster  in  1829,  and  in  1832, 
with  his  father,  projected  the  Erie  and 
Kalamazoo  railroad.  He  was  elected 
mayor  of  Adrian  in  1853.  He  died  Jan.  20, 
1867. 


COMSTOCK,  ANDREW,  elocutionist, 
author,  was  born  in  1795  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  professor  of  elocution,  a  lecturer 
on  oratory,  and  is  the  author  of  a  New 
System  of  Phonetics,  Phonetic  Speaker, 
Phonetic  Testament;  Reader;  Historia 
Sacra;  and  Elocution. 

COMSTOCK,  ANDREW  WESTBROOK, 
pioneer,  lumber  manufacturer,  was  born 
Oct.  5,  1838,  in  Port  Huron,  Mich.  He  has 
been  mayor  of  Alpena,  and  is  now  presi 
dent  of  the  Alpena  Banking  Co.,  and  a 
partner  in  H.  S.  Robinson  and  Co.,  manu 
facturers  of  boots  and  shoes,  as  well  as  in 
a  warehouse  firm.  His  lumber  firm  oper 
ate  not  only  in  Alpena  but  in  Canada  and 
Mississippi. 

COMSTOCK,  CHARLES  C.,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  March  5, 
1818,  in  Sullivan,  N.  H.  He  was  elected 
mayor  of  Grand  Rapids  in  1863,  and  re- 
elected  in  1864.  He  was  the  democratic 
candidate  for  governor  of  Michigan  in 
1870,  the  people's  candidate  for  congress 
in  1873,  and  the  greenback  candidate  for 
congress  in  1878,  but  was  defeated  in 
each  instance.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Michigan  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress. 

COMSTOCK,  CYRUS  BALLOU,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  3. 
1831,  in  West  Wrentham,  Mass.  He  is  a 
colonel  of  the  engineer  corps  in  the  United 
States  army,  and  brevet  major-general  of 
United  States  volunteers,  who  has  made 
a  number  of  important  government  sur 
veys.  He  is  the  author  of  Notes  on 
European  Surveys;  Surveys  of  the  North 
western  Lakes;  ami  Primary  Triangula- 
tion  of  United  States  Lake  Survey. 

COMSTOCK,  GEORGE  CARLTON,  law 
yer,  was  born  May  13,  1856,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  manager  of  several  large 
estates,  and  carries  on  an  extensive  court 
practice.  He  is  president  of  the  B.  S. 
Comstock  Manufacturing  company,  and 
the  Penobscot  Granite  company. 

COMSTOCK,  GEORGE  CARY,  astron 
omer,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1855,  in  Madison, 
Wis.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
university  of  Michigan;  has  gained  prom 
inence  as  a  noted  astronomer;  and  is 
director  of  the  Washburn  observatory  of 
Madison,  Wis. 

COMSTOCK,  GEORGE  F.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1811,  in  Williams- 
town,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  reporter  of 
the  decisions  of  the  court  of  appeals,  and 
published  four  volumes;  and  in  1852  was 
appointed  solicitor  of  the  United  States 
treasury.  In  1855  he  was  elected  judge  of 
the  court  of  appeals,  remaining  on  the 
bench  until  1861,  and  was  chief  justice 
during  the  last  year.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1867. 

COMSTOCK,  HELEN  MARIA  FIELD, 
poet,  philanthropist,  was  born  Sept.  3, 
1840,  in  Chesterfield,  N.  H.  She  attended 
the  public  schools, 
and  the  academy  of 
her  native  city.  She 
has  been  a  writer  for 
the  Chicago  Tribune 
and  other  leading 
publications  of  the 
east  and  west,  and 
her  poems  have  been 
i  n  c  o  r  p  o  r  ated  in 
Poets  of  America 
k  and  other  standard 
•  works.  Her  poems 
have  been  collected 
and  published  in  a  large  volume,  which 
has  called  forth  favorable  comments  from 
the  leading  newspapers  of  the  west. 


COMSTOCK,  JOHN  HENRY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1849,  in  Janes- 
ville,  Wis.  He  is  a  professor  of  entomo 
logy  and  general  invertebrate  zoology  at 
Cornell  university;  and  the  author  of 
Notes  on  Entomology;  Report  on  Cotton 
Insects;  and  Introduction  to  Entomology. 

COMSTOCK,  JOHN  LEE,  author,  was 
born  in  1789  in  Lyme,  Conn.  He  was  an 
educational  compiler  of  Hartford,  among 
whose  many  scientific  text-books  are  The 
Elements  of  Chemistry;  Introduction  to 
Mineralogy;  System  of  Natural  Philos 
ophy;  History  of  the  Precious  Minerals; 
and  Natural  History  of  Quadrupeds.  He 
wrote  also  A  History  of  the  Greek  Revo 
lution.  He  died  Nov.  21,  1858,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

COMSTOCK,  OLIVER  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1784.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  assembly  in  1810  and  1812; 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1813  to  1819;  and  subsequently 
officiated  as  chaplain  of  the  house  of 
representatives.  He  died  Jan.  11,  1860,  in 
Marshall,  Mich. 

COMSTOCK,  SOLOMON  G.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  May 
9,  1842,  in  Argyle,  Maine.  He  was  county 
attorney  for  Clay 
county  from  1872  to 
1878;  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the 
Minnesota  legisla 
ture  in  1875-81;  and 
was  state  senator 
from  1882  to  1888, 
when  he  resigned. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first  con 
gress  as  a  republic 
an;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  on  several  im 
portant  committees  while  in  congress. 

COMSTOCK,  THEODORE  BRYANT, 
educator,  author,  was  born  July  27,  1849, 
in  Cuyahoga  Falls,  Ohio.  He  is  a  geolo 
gist  of  distinction,  professor  in  Illinois 
university;  and  the  author  of  Outlines  of 
General  Geology;  and  Classification  of 
Rocks. 

CONANT,  ALBAN  JASPER,  artist, 
archaeologist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  24, 
1821,  in  Chelsea,  Orange  county,  Vt.  He 
received  a  thorough 
education  at  the 
Randolph  academy  of 
Vermont,  and  the 
Goveneur  Wesleyan 
seminary.  He  was 
curator  of  the  state 
university  of  Mis 
souri  through  three 
administrat  ions  — 
eight  years  in  all. 
He  was  chairman  of 
the  commission  to 
locate  and  establish 
the  school  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy  under 
the  congressional  land  grant;  and  was 
the  Delegui  correspondent  for  Missouri 
of  the  Institution  Ethnographi  of  Paris. 
France.  Mr.  Conant  is  the  author  of 
Footprints  of  Vanished  Races  in  the  Mis 
sissippi  Valley;  Archaeology  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  Valley;  and  other  works.  As  an 
artist  and  archaeologist  he  has  attained 
national  prominence,  and  resides  in  New 
York  city. 

CONANT,  EDWARD,  educator,  author, 
was  born  May  10,  1839,  in  Pomfret,  Vt. 
His  educational  work  began  in  1861  and 
continued  for  fourteen  years,  and  be 
came  state  superintendent  for  Vermont. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Drill  Book  in 
the  Elements  of  the  English  Language; 
and  Conant's  Vermont. 


HKRRINQSHAW'S    KNCYCLOPKDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


241 


CONANT,  MRS.  HANNAH  O'BRIEN, 
author,  was  born  in  1809  in  Danvers, 
Mass.  She  was  an  oriental  scholar  who 
assisted  her  husband  in  his  literary  work, 
made  important  translations  from  the 
German  of  Strauss,  Neander,  and  Uhden, 
and  was  the  author  of  History  of  the  En 
glish  Bible:  Popular  History  of  English 
Bible  Translation;  and  The  Earnest  Man, 
a  sketch  of  Judson.  the  missionary.  She 
died  Feb.  18,  1865,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

CONANT,  MRS.  HELEN,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1839,  in  Methuen, 
Mass.  She  is  a  magazinist  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  The  Butterfly 
Hunters;  and  Primers  of  German  and 
Spanish  Literature. 

CONANT,  JOHN,  manufacturer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  Ashburnham,  Mass. 
He  represented  the  town  of  Brandon  in 
the  legislature  for  many  years,  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  for  revising  the 
constitution  of  the  state,  and  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1840.  He  erected  in  Bran 
don  a  large  baptist  seminary.  He  died 
in  1856  in  Brandon,  Vt. 

CONANT,  SAMUEL  STILLMAN,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1831,  in 
Waterville,  Maine.  He  was  a  journalist 
of  New  York,  managing  editor  of  Harper's 
Weekly  in  1869-85,  and  translator  of  Ler- 
montoff 's  Circassian  Boy.  He  died  in  1885. 

CONANT,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1802,  in 
Brandon,  Vt.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman 
who  was  one  of  the  foremost  Hebrew 
scholars  of  his  time.  He  was  the  author 
of  Baptism,  Its  Meaning  and  Its  Use 
Philologically  and  Historically  Consid 
ered.  His  editions  of  The  Book  of  Job; 
The  Book  of  Proverbs;  Genesis;  Psalms; 
Prophecies  of  Isaiah;  Historical  Books  of 
the  Old  Testament  from  Joshua  to  Sec 
ond  Kings;  and  The  Gospel  by  Matthew, 
constitute  a  scholar's  version  of  the  Scrip 
tures,  amply  illustrated  with  critical  and 
philological  notes.  He  died  April  30,  1891, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

CONARD.  DAVID  RUDOLPH,  farmer, 
surveyor,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  5, 
1811,  in  Lincoln  county,  N.  C.  In  1820  he 
moved  to  Missouri;  became  justice  of 
the  peace;  county  court  judge  during 
1854-56;  and  state  senator  during  1866-70. 
He  died  in  1890  in  Bellinger  county,  Mo. 

CONATY,  THOMAS  JAMES,  Catholic 
priest,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1847,  in  Ireland. 
He  came  to  America  with  his  parents  in 
1851;  and  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Taunton,  Mass.  In 
1869  he  graduated  from  Montreal  semi 
nary,  and  was  ordained  priest  in  1872. 
From  that  time  he  filled  various  pastor 
ates,  and  is  now  rector  of  the  Catholic 
university  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  has 
filled  numerous  positions  of  honor  in 
his  church,  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  religious  literature. 

CONDE,  SWIFTS,  manufacturer,  was 
born  April  2,  1844,  in  Oswego  county, 
N.  Y.  In  1867  he  engaged  in  the  manu 
facture  of  knit  goods  in  Oswego,  and 
through  inventions  and  processes  of  his 
own  has  developed  a  large  and  successful 
industry.  He  has  taken  out  about  twenty- 
five  patents,  all  utilized  in  his  own  shops. 

CONDICT,  IRA,  clergyman,  was  born 
Feb.  21,  1764,  in  Orange,  N.  J.  It  was 
chiefly  through  his  efforts  that  Queen's 
(now  Rutgers)  college,  which  had  been 
closed  for  several  years,  was  reopened  in 
1807.  In  1809  he  was  regularly  appointed 
professor  of  moral  philosophy  and  vice- 
president,  having  declined  the  presidency. 
He  died  June  1,  1811,  in  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J. 

16 


CONDICT,  JOHN,  surgeon,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1755.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  legislature  for  several  years;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1799  to  1803.  He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  1803  to  1817;  and 
was  again  a  representative  during  the 
years  1819  and  1820.  He  died  May  4, 
1834,  in  Orange,  N.  J. 

CONDICT,  LEWIS,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  March,  1773,  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  legislature,  the  two  latter  years 
officiating  as  speaker.  In  1807  he  was  a 
commissioner  for  settling  the  boundary 
between  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1811  to  1817  and  from  1821  to  1833;  in 
1841  was  a  presidential  elector;  and  was 
also  at  one  time  sheriff  of  Morris  county. 
He  died  May  26,  1862,  in  Morristown,  N.  J. 

CONDICT,  SILAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1781  to  1784. 
His  son  bearing  the  same  name  was  a 
representative  in  the  federal  congress. 

CONDICT,  SILAS,  banker,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1777  in 
Newark,  N.  J.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1831  to 
1833;  and  was  a  member  of  the  conven 
tion  which  formed  the  state  constitution 
of  1844.  He  was  for  many  years  president 
of  the  Newark  Banking  company;  and 
was  frequently  elected  to  the  legislature 
of  New  Jersey.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1861,  in 
Newark,  N.  J. 

CONDIE,  DANIEL  FRANCIS,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1796,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  physician  and 
medical  writer  of  Philadelphia;  and  the 
author  of  Course  of  Examination  for  Med 
ical  Students;  Catechism  of  Health;  Epi 
demic  Cholera;  and  Diseases  of  Children. 
He  died  March  31,  1875,  in  Delaware 
county,  Pa. 

GONE,  HELEN  GRAY,  educator,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  March  8,  1859,  in 
New  York  city.  She  assisted  Jeanette  L. 
Gilder  in  editing  Pen  Portraits  of  Liter 
ary  Women.  She  is  the  author  of  two 
volumes  of  poems,  entitled  Oberon  and 
Puck,  and  The  Ride  of  the  Lady  and 
Other  Poems. 

CONE,  ORELLO,  author,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1835,  in  Line- 
plain.  N.  Y.  He  was  professor  of  biblical 
languages  in  St.  Lawrence  university, 
New  York,  during  1865-80;  and  since 
1880  has  been  president  of  Brown  col 
lege.  He  is  the  author  of  Gospel  Criti 
cism  and  Historical  Christianity;  and 
The  Gospel  and  Its  Earliest  Interpreta 
tions. 

CONELY,  EDWIN  F.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1847,  in  New 
York  city.  He  moved  to  Michigan  with 
his  parents  when  six  years  of  age;  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education;  and  gradu 
ated  from  the  law  department  of  the 
university  of  Michigan.  During  1891-93 
he  was  professor  of  law  in  the  university 
of  Michigan.  In  1877  he  served  as  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Michigan  state  legis 
lature.  In  1880-92  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  national  democratic  conventions;  and 
during  1890-96  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Detroit  board  of  library  commissioners. 
For  thirteen  years  he  was  connected  with 
the  Michigan  troops,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  colonel  and  president  of  the  state 
military  board. 


CONEY,  PATRICK  H.,  journalist,  law 
yer,   was   born   March  10,   1848,    in   New- 
bury,  Vt.     At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he 
^^^^^^^_   became  a  member  of 
^•j^^k  the  companies  A  and 

^^^f^^^         H    of   the   one   hun 
dred     and     eleventh 
regiment,  New  York 
M|.      volunteer      infantry, 
from  1863-65;   and  in 
l    June    of    the    latter 
year  was  transferred 
to    company     H, 
fourth  regiment  New 
York  heavy  artillery. 
He  was  wounded  in 
front  of  Petersburg, 
Va.,  on  June   16,   1864;     and   in   October 
1864,   he  was  detailed  as  dispatch  bearer 
for  General  Nelson  A.  Miles.     In  1880  he 
established   the   National   Banner  at  To- 
peka,  Kan.;    and  became  associated  with 
the  Topeka  Daily  Capital,  and  in  1885  he 
was  admitted   to  the  bar;     practices  his 
profession  at  Topeka;    and  is  now  presi 
dent  of  the  Republican  Silver  Leaf  of  the 
state.    During  the  World's  Columbian  ex 
position  he  was  president  of  the  Lapland 
Exhibit  company. 

CONGAR,  SAMUEL  HAYES,  antiquar 
ian,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1796,  in  Newark. 
N.  J.  About  1845  he  began  his  researches 
among  the  genealogies  of  Newark  fam 
ilies,  and  soon  became  possessed  of  more 
antiquarian  and  genealogical  information 
concerning  the  northern  part  of  New  Jer 
sey,  especially  the  county  of  Essex,  than 
any  other  person.  His  articles,  many 
of  which  were  historically  valuable,  ap 
peared  principally  in  the  Newark  Daily 
Advertiser.  He  also  prepared  the  genea 
logical  notices  of  first  settlers  in  the  His 
torical  society's  volume  on  the  bicenten 
nial  of  Newark.  He  died  July  29,  1872, 
in  Newark,  N.  J. 

CONGDON,  CHARLES  TABOR,  jour 
nalist,  author,  .was  born  April  7,  1821,  In 
New  Bedford,  Mass.  He  was  a  journalist 
of  New  York  city  for  some  years  on  the 
staff  of  the  Tribune;  and  the  author  of 
Tribune  Essays;  Reminiscences  of  a 
Journalist;  Recollections  of  a  Reader; 
and  Autobiographical  Papers.  He  died 
Jan.  18,  1891,  in  New  York  city. 

CONGDON,  CHARLES  TYLER,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1814,  in  Walton,  N.  Y. 
He  has  published  many  popular  biog 
raphies  and  histories,  and  his  books  of 
travel  have  been  widely  circulated.  Nota 
ble  among  his  works  are  Napoleon  and 
His  Marshals;  and  Washington  and  His 
Generals. 

CONGDON,  CLEMENT  HILLMAN, 
journalist,  was  born  July  25,  1868,  in 
Harrisburg,  Pa.  He  has  been  manager 
of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  office, 
newspaper  district,  of  Philadelphia;  is 
now  president  of  The  Century  Syndicate; 
president  of  The  Sun  company,  presi 
dent  of  The  Packet  System  company;  and 
is  the  author  of  an  elaborate  History  of 
The  Master  Builders'  Exchange. 

CONGDON,  OSSIAN  M.,  lawyer,  orator, 
was  born  Dec.  21,  1872,  in  Lee  county, 
111.  He  graduated  from  the  Northwest 
ern  university  law  school;  and  is  now  a 
prominent  lawyer  of  Dundee,  111.  He  has 
attained  prominence  as  an  orator;  and 
has  also  contributed  extensively  to  law 
literature. 

CONGER,  CHAUNCY  S.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Illinois  legislature;  and  has  filled  the 
positions  of  circuit  and  appellate  judge 
at  Carmi.  111. 


242 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CONGER,  EDWIN  KURD,  soldier,  law 
yer,  diplomat,  congressman,  was  born 
March  7,  1843,  in  Knox  county,  111.  He 
enlisted  in  1862  as  a 
private  in  company 
I,  one  hundred  and 
second  Illinois  vol 
unteer  infantry,  in 
which  he  served 
until  the  close  of  the 
war,  attaining  the 
rank  of  captain,  and 
receiving  from  the 
president  the  brevet 
of  major  for  gallant 
ami  meritorious  con 
duct  in  the  field.  He 
was  elected  treasurer  of  Dallas  county  In 
1877  and  re-elected  in  1879;  was  elected 
state  treasurer  of  Iowa  in  1880  and  re- 
elected  in  1882.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  envoy 
extraordinary  and  minister  plenipoten 
tiary  of  the  United  States  of  America  to 
Brazil,  1890-93;  presidential  elector  at 
large,  Iowa,  1896;  and  minister  to  Brazil, 
1897. 

CONGER,  HARMON  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1847  to  1851. 

CONGER,  JAMES  L.,  farmer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  set 
tled  in  Belvidere,  Mich.,  as  early  as  1836; 
was  a  successful  farmer,  and  a  brilliant 
writer.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1851  to  1853. 

CONGER,  JOHN  W.,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1857,  in  Jack 
son,  Tenn.  He  has-  been  president  of  the 
Odd  Fellows'  college  of  Humboldt,  Tenn.; 
president  of  Searcy  college  of  Arkansas; 
and  is  now  the  president  of  the  Ouachita 
Baptist  college  of  Arkadelphia,  Ark. 

CONGER,  OMAR  DWIGHT,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  United  States  senator,  was  born  In 
1818  in  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.  He  was  en 
gaged  in  the  geological  survey  of  the 
Lake  Superior  iron  and  copper  region 
from  1845  till  1847,  and  in  1848  became 
a  lawyer  In  Port  Huron,  Mich.  He  was 
elected  judge  of  the  St.  Clair  county  court 
in  1850,  an.d  was  a  state  senator  from  1855 
till  1861,  being  president  pro  tempore  of 
the  senate  in  1859.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  on  the  republican  ticket  in  1864,  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  in  1866,  and  a  member  of  congress 
from  1869  till  1881,  when  he  was  chosen 
to  the  United  States  senate. 

CONKLIN,  JANE  ELIZABETH  DEX 
TER,  poet,  was  born  July  7,  1831,  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.  She  is  a  great-granddaughter  of 
Gregor  Grant,  who 
was  a  chieftain  of 
Clan  Grant,  who 
came  from  Scotland 
and  entered  the  con 
tinental  army.  Her 
education  was  ac 
quired  in  Utica  and 
Albany;  and  at  the 
early  age  of  fourteen 
a  volume  of  her 
poems  was  issued 
from  the  press.  Her 
marriage  in  1865  to 
Cramer  H.  Conklin,  a  war  veteran,  led  to 
her  removal  to  Binghamton.  She  has 
taken  a  deep  interest  in  all  matters  per 
taining  to  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  for  three 
years  served  as  president  of  the  Relief 
corps.  She  has  attained  a  good  reputation 
as  an  elocutionist;  and  is  the  author  of 
three  volumes  of  poems. 


CONKLIN,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS, 
journalist,  naturalist,  was  born  March  16, 
1837,  in  New  York  city.  He  has  been  con 
nected  with  Central  park  since  1858,  and 
director  of  the  zoological  department 
since  1870.  He  possesses  one  of  the  most 
complete  libraries  in  the  country  on  the 
subjects  of  mammalia  and  ornithology. 
He  is  editor  of  the  Journal  of  Compara 
tive  Medicine  and  Surgery  in  New  York, 
and  has  written  articles  on  natural  his 
tory  for  various  periodicals. 

CONKLIN,  WILLIAM  JUDKINS,  phy 
sician,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1844,  in  Sidney, 
Ohio.  He  was  physician  to  the  Dayton 
hospital  for  the  insane  from  1869  till  1871, 
and  afterward  became  secretary  of  its 
board  of  trustees.  He  was  professor  of 
physiology  in  Starling  Medical  college, 
Columbus,  Ohio,  from  1875  till  1878,  and  of 
diseases  of  children  from  1878  till  1884. 
He  is  visiting  surgeon  to  St.  Elizabeth's 
hospital,  Dayton,  and  a  member  of  vari 
ous  medical  societies.  He  has  contributed 
frequently  to  medical  journals,  and  has 
published  several  monographs,  including 
History  of  the  Discovery  of  the  Circula 
tion  of  the  Blood. 

CONKLING,  ALFRED,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  12,  1789,  in  East  Hampton, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  jurist  of  New  York  whose 
son  was  the  noted  statesman,  Roscoe 
Conkling.  He  was  the  author  of  Treatise 
on  Organization  and  Jurisdiction  of  Su 
perior,  Circuit,  and  District  Courts;  Ad 
miralty  Jurisdiction;  Powers  of  the  Ex 
ecutive  Department  of  the  United  States; 
and  Young  Citizen's  Manual.  He  died 
Feb.  5,  1874,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

CONKLING,  ALFRED  RONALD,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1850,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Appleton's 
Guide  to  Mexico;  City  Government  in 
the  United  States;  Handbook  for  Voters 
in  New  York  City;  and  Life  of  Roscoe 
Conkling. 

CONKLING,  FREDERICK  A.,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  22, 
1816,  in  Montgomery  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  New 
York  in  1854,  1859,  and  1860;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress.  He  died 
Sept.  18,  1891,  in  New  York  city. 

CONKLING  (MRS.  STEELE),  MAR 
GARET  COCKBURN,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  27,  1814.  She  has  published  Me 
moirs  of  the  Mother  and  Wife  of  Wash 
ington;  Isabel,  or  Trials  of  the  Heart; 
and  a  translation  of  Florian's  History  of 
the  Moors  of  Spain. 

CONKLING,  ROSCOE,  lawyer,  states 
man,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1828,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  district  attorney 
for  Oneida  county; 
in  1858  was  elected 
mayor  of  Utica,  to 
which  place  he  had 
removed  in  1846;  and 
at  the  close  of  1858 
was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh,  thir 
ty-eighth,  thirty- 
ninth  and  fortieth 
congresses.  In  1867  he  was  chosen  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  for  the  term  ending  in 
1873.  He  was  president  of  the  republican 
slate  convention  of  1867;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  senate  for  the  term  ending 
in  1879;  and  was  also  re-elected  for  the 
term  ending  in  1885.  He  died  April,  1888, 
in  New  York. 


CONLEY,  BENJAMIN,  merchant,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  March  1,  1815,  in  Newark, 
N.  J.  In  1869  he  was  elected  state  sen 
ator  and  president  of  the  senate;  and  in 
1871-72  was  elected  governor  of  Georgia. 
He  died  in  1885  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

CONLEY,  ELI  PHILIP,  educator,  was 
born  Aug.  25,  1868,  in  Smoketown,  Pa. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  schools 
of  his  native  county,  and  graduated  from 
the  unester  State  Normal  school.  He  has 
been  successful  in  educational  work,  and 
is  principal  of  schools  at  Parkesburg,  Pa. 

CONLEY,  JOHN  DIKEMAN,  scientist, 
was  born  Sept.  14,  1843,  in  Rockport,  N.  Y. 
He  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  chemistry 
and  natural  sciences  in  Blackburn  uni 
versity,  Carlinville,  111.  He  has  published 
a  series  of  geological  charts  of  all  the 
ages  and  epochs,  illustrated  with  two  hun 
dred  figures  of  characteristic  fossils. 

CONLEY,  JOHN  E.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Sept.  7,  1868,  in  Warren,  R.  I.  During 
1889-91  he  was  clerk  of  committee  on  cor 
poration  in  the  Rhode  Island  house  of 
representatives;  and  in  1894  was  clerk 
of  the  house.  Since  1892  he  has  been 
secretary  of  the  democratic  state  com 
mittee;  and  was  a  delegate  at  large  to 
the  democratic  national  convention  in 
1896.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  vari 
ous  secret  organizations;  and  has  a 
successful  law  practice  in  his  native  city. 

CONLEY,  JOHN  WESLEY,  clergyman, 
was  born  Nov.  20,  1852,  in  Cedar  Rapids, 
Iowa.  He  resigned  his  pastorate  in  1892, 
to  accept  the  chair  of  missions  in  the 
divinity  school  of  the  university  of  Chi 
cago,  and  the  presidency  of  city  missions. 
In  1893  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

CONLEY,  WILLIAM  G.,  lawyer,  editor, 
politician,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1866,  in  King- 
wood,  W.  Va.,  of  Scotch-Irish  parentage. 
He  received  a  thor 
ough  education  and 
graduated  from  the 
West  Virginia  uni 
versity  with  the  de 
gree  of  LL.  B.  For 
many  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educa 
tional  work,  and  has 
been  county  superin 
tendent  of  the  free 
schools  of  Preston 
county,  W.  Va.  He 
was  also  mayor  of 
Parsons  for  one  term.  He  is  one  of  the 
rising  lawyers  of  his  state,  and  is  now 
state's  attorney  for  Tucker  county,  W. 
Va.  He  is  also  the  editor  of  the  Par 
sons  City  Advocate,  and  contributes  ex 
tensively  to  current  literature.  Mr.  Conley 
was  a  member  of  the  congressional  com 
mittee  of  the  second  West  Virginia  dis 
trict;  chairman  of  the  republican  execu 
tive  committee  of  his  county;  and  one 
of  the  assistant  secretaries  of  the  St. 
Louis  convention  that  nominated  McKin- 
ley  for  president  in  1896. 

CONN,  CHARLES  GERARD,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1844,  in  Phelps,  N.  Y.  In  early  boyhood 
he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Elkhart, 
Ind.,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
served  throughout  the  civil  war  as  a  sol 
dier  in  the  union  army.  He  is  a  successful 
manufacturer  of  musical  instruments, 
which  were  awarded  the  highest  honors 
and  the  best  diploma  at  the  World's  Col 
umbian  exposition.  He  has  taken  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  adopt 
ed  state;  and  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  fifty-third  congress. 


^ONN.^HERBERT    WILLIAM,    edu- 

^iff"-8'  *,?e,is  a  biol°£ist  whose 'spe 
cialty  ,s  the  bacteriology  of  milk;  and 
has  been  instructor  and  professor  of 
biology  at  Wesleyan  university  sine  1884 
He  is  the  author  of  Evolution  of  To-Dav 
Ihe  Living  World;  and  Whence  It  Camp 
and  Whither  It  is  Drifting. 

CONNELL,     WILLIAM,     congressman 
was  born  Sept.  10,  1827,  in  Cape  Breton' 
He  was   placed   in   charge  of  the 
mines  of  the  Susquehanna  and  Wyoming 
Valley  Railroad  and  Coal  company    with 
offices  at  Scranton;    and  in  1870,  the'char- 
;r  of  that  company  lapsing,  he  purchased 
the  plant  with  his  savings  and  organized 
the  firm  of  William  Connell  and  Co     He 
is  president  of  the  Third  National  'bank 
of  bcranton,  and   has  been  prominent  in 
charitable  and  religious  work.    He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  republican  national  con 
vention  of  1896,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  republican  committee      He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

CONNELL,  WILLIAM  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  6,  1846,  in  Can 
ada.    He  received  an  academic  education, 
and  for  many  years 
was  engaged  in  mer 
cantile     pursuits     in 
Massachusetts       and 
Vermont,    and    since 
1867     has     lived     in 
Omaha,  Neb.  In  1870 
he   was   admitted   to 
the  bar;    was  elected 
district    attorney    in 
1872,     and     received 
the    re-election    two 
years  later.     In  1883 
he     was     appointed 

city  attorney  of  Omaha,  and  held  that 
office  for  four  years.  While  in  that  posi 
tion  he  saved  Omaha  nearly  a  million  dol 
lars  by  his  successful  defense  of  suits  for 
damages,  and  by  his  sound  legal  advice 
on  important  questions.  In  1888  he  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  United  States  con- 
ress,  and  has  served  on  numerous  im 
portant  committees.  In  1890  he  was  de 
feated  for  congress  by  William  J.  Bryan 
Since  1892  he  has  been  city  attorney  of 
Omaha. 

CONNELLY,     MRS.     CELIA     LOGAN 
journalist,    dramatist,   was   born   in   1839 
Pennsylvania.    She  is  a  journalist  and 
Playwright  of  Washington;    and  the  au 
thor  of  An  American  Marriage. 

CONNELLY,  EMMA  M.,  author,  was 
born  in  18—  in  Kentucky.  She  is  a  writer 
)f  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Un 
der  the  Surface;  Tilting  at  Wind  Mills,  a 
btory  of  the  Blue  Grass  Country;  and 
Ihe  Story  of  Kentucky. 

CONNELLY,  HENRY,  governor,  was 
oorn  in  Virginia.  He  moved  to  Kansas 
and  in  1861  was  appointed  governor  of  the 
territory  of  New  Mexico,  residing  in 
>anta  Fe,  and  remaining  in  office  until 
lobo. 


HEHH,N08HAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


maT^a^born™  °"  S°'dier'  congress- 

as  a  lieutenant,  and  served6 unTu^th" close 

of    he  war;    and  upon  the  reorganization 

)f  the  army  in  1866  was  appointed  a  cap- 

n  VPV^  6  f°rty-first  infantry,  and  served 

in    fexas.     He  was  elected   to  the  forty- 

nrst  anrl  fm-tv-oo™,,.}  „.  ~        * ;•*_ 


CONNER,  SAMUEL  S.,  soldier  con 
gressman  was  born  in  New  Hampshire 
«e  was  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  United 
States  army  m  1812.  He  was  a  repre- 

fronf  «iY?  C,°finJlre8S  fr°m  Massachusetts 
S15  to  1817;    and  held  the  office  of 

Dec   7y0lStnenera^n.0hio  in  1819'    He  died 
'ec.  7,  1820,  in  Covington,  Ky. 

CONNERS,   MARIA   W.,    poet.      She  is 
tne   author   of   a   volume    of    poems   en- 
A  Wreath  of  Maple  Leaves.     For 
lany  years  she  was  a  resident  of  Wash 
ington,  and  was  there  known  as  the  Puget 
bound  poetess. 

CONNESS,  JOHN,  merchant,  state  leg- 
slator,  congressman,  was   born  Sept    20 

821,  in  Ireland.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature,  and  was  re-elected  three 
times  In  1859  he  was  candidate  for  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  California,  and  in  1861 

candidate  for  governor.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  Cali 
fornia,  for  the  term  ending  in  1869 

CONNOLLY,  DANIEL  WARD,  lawyer 

i«7   '•  co"gressman,   was   born  April  II' 

847    in   Cohocton,   N.   Y.     Upon   the   or- 

wannf'i'n    °f  ^  DeW  C°Unt^  °f  ^a<*a- 

^dgA,,but  the>  state  w»J>«me  cPorurtdde- 
?±llh..e.re..was  no  vacancy.     He  was  an 


243 

CONNOR,   SELDEN,   soldier,   educator 
was  born  Jan.  25,  1839,  in  Fairfleld   Maine' 
He  enlisted  in  1860  as  a  private  in  a  Ver 
mont  regiment.     He  subsequently  became 
lieutenant-colonel  of  a   Maine  regimen™ 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  colon!      was 
severely    wounded    in    the   bat  IP   nf   t 
Wilderness  in  1864;    and  was  then  made 1 
brigadier-general.      In    1868   he    was 

ETim  En  affeSS°r  °f  internal  Avenue*" 
ami  in 31?7'°lleCt0r  °f  internal   revenue 
' 


and  in  1882  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress. 

CONNOLLY,  JAMES  AUSTIN    soldi, 
lawyer,  congressman,  wa     ' 


brevet  lieutenant-coloneY"  ^e 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Illinois  hous! 
of  representatives  in  1873-75;  and  wal 
United  States  attorney  for  the  southern 
district  of  Illinois  from  1876  to  1885  and 

togathe  fiTy-fourth0  and3'     ^  ™sel*^ 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican.  ^ 
CONNOLLY,  WILLIAM  J.,  farmer  edu- 
itnr    «Mte  legislator,  was  born  Feb    27 
Washington,    Ohio.     He    taught 
school   for  fifteen   years,   and   in    1888  89 
was  in  the  railway  mail 'service     He  was 
a  member  of  the  seventy-second  general 
assembly  of  Ohio  as  a  democrat 


CONNER,    DAVID,    naval    officer     was 
born  in  1792  in  Harrisburg,  Pa      He  In- 

KnAC°Unting-house    in    Philadelphia 
n  1806   became  a  midshipman  in  the  navy 

£r?  ?«    fhnd'   af-  aCting   '^tenant,   took 
i   the   action    between   the   Hornet 

20 US?   ?ea™?k>   1813-     He   died   March 
M,  1856,  m  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CONNER,    JAMES,    typefounder,    was 
born  April  22,  1798,  in  Hyde  Park,  N    Y 

e  did  much  for  the  art  of  printing,  in 
venting  among  other  things  a  new  kind 

E  type  called  agate,  and  a  process  for  pro 
ducing  matrices  for  casting  type  by  chem 
ical  precipitation.  He  died  in  May  1861 
m  New  York  city. 


CONNOR,  HENRY  W 
was  born  in  August,  1793  in  r 
county,  Va.  He  was  aid-de-camp  to  Gel! 
eral  Joseph  Graham  in  the  Creek  wa?- 
NWthan  a  r,ePre?entative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1821  to  1841,  when  he 
declined  a  re-election.  In  1848  he  served 
m  the  general  assembly;  and  declined  a 

died  Jan-  15-  1866-  in 


CONNOR  PATRICK  EDWARD,  sol 
dier,  journalist,  was  born  March  17  1820 
m  Ireland.  He  served  in  the  Florida  waV 
and  also  in  the  Mexican  war.  In  1863  he 
was  commissioned  a  brigadier-general" 
and  at  the  close  of  the  war  was  brevetted 
major-general.  He  located  the  first  silver 
mine  in  Utah;  wrote  the  first  mining 
law;  introduced  navigation  on  the  Great 
Salt  lake;  built  the  first  silver-lead  smelt 
ing  works;  and  founded  the  town  of 
btockton. 


CONNOR,  WASHINGTON  EVERETT 
financier,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1849  in  New 
York  city^  Having  attracted  the "notice  oT 

hir  wHUh  '  M-r'  Connor  was  entrusted  by 
him  with  various  commissions,  which  he 
executed  with  brilliant  energy  and I  entire 

DrtpT-  ?6  Sreat  fina™er  w3as  a  com 
petent  judge  of  men,  and,  in  1881  he 

formed    a    partnership    with    the    ycW 
broker,  under  the  name  of  W.  E    Connor 
and   Co.,  and,   in   time,  pleased  with   his 
adroitness,  energy  and  audacity,  admitted 
him    to    intimate   friendship.     George   J 
Gou  d  became  a  member  of  the  fmn  upon   • 
attaining  his  majority.     For  many  years 
both   before   and  after  1881,  Mr.   Connor 
was    the    confidential    representative    of 
Jay   Gould    and    was   intrusted   with   the 
management   of  many   important   opera 
tions    m    Wall    street.      He    was    also    a 
favorite  broker  of  Russell  Sage  and  other 
leading  capitalists   in   Wall  street      Dur 
ing  recent  years,  Mr.  Connor  has  gained 
an  interest  in  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
and  Chicago  and  the  Wheeling  and  Lake 
Krie  railroads,  and  various  other  corpora 
tions,  and  devoted  himself  to  improving 
his  properties. 

CONNOVER,   SIMON   BARCLAY     phy 
sician,   United   States   senator,   was   born 
Sept.  23,  1840,  in  Middlesex  county   N   J 
He  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  the 
army  of  the  Cumberland,  in  1863,  and  sta 
tioned    at    Nashville,    Tenn.;    after    sev 
eral  promotions,  was  ordered  to  Lake  City 
Fla.,   in   1866,  and  shortly  afterward   re 
signed  his  commission.     He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
state  constitution  in  1868;    was  appointed 
state   treasurer;     was    a   member   of   the 
Chicago  convention  in  1868;    and  was  ap 
pointed  a  member  of  the  national  repub 
lican  committee,  on  which  he  served  four 
years.     He  was  elected  to  the  state  legis 
lature  from  the  county  of  Leon,  and  pre 
sided  over  that  body.     He  was  elected  to 
the    United    States   senate    for   the   term 
commencing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879. 

CONRAD,  CHARLES  M.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
m  1804  in  Winchester,  Va.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  state  legislature- 
was  a  senator  in  congress  in  1842  and 
1843;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  con- 
titutional  convention  in  1844.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Louisiana 
from  1849  to  1850,  when  he  became  secre 
tary  of  war  under  President  Fillmore 
!  served  in  the  southern  rebellion  as  a 
brigadier-general.  He  died  Feb.  11  1878 
in  New  Orleans,  La. 

CONRAD,  F.,  abbot,  was  born  in  18^ 
in  Switzerland.  Having  receded  direc- 
£ ?  TTn°it0H nd  a  m°nastery  of  his  orderTn 

for  tVf  S  ates  in  1873'  he  embarked 
for  this  country  and  founded  the  Bene- 
dictme  monastery  of  New  Engleberg,  at 
Conception,  Mo.,  which  was  erected  into 
an  abbey  in  1881.  In  1885  Father  Conrad 
was  chosen  as  its  first  abbot. 

CONRAD,  FREDERICK,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1803  to  1807. 


244 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OB"    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CONRAD,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
clergyman,  journalist,  wa<?  born  Jan.  3, 
1816,  in  Orwigsburg,  Pa.  He  received  a 
thorough  education,  and  graduated  from 
the  Mount  Airy  college  of  Germantown, 
Pa.;  and  subsequently  from  the  Theo 
logical  seminary  of  Gettysburg.  He  has 
been  a  successful  pastor  of  Lutheran 
churches  in  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and 
Ohio;  and  for  several  years  was  pro 
fessor  of  modern  languages  at  the  Witten- 
burg  college  of  Springfield,  Ohio.  He  is 
the  editor  of  the  Lutheran  Observer  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  a  trustee  of  the 
Lutheran  Publication  society.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Lutheran  Doctrine  of  Bap 
tism;  Analysis  of  Luther's  Small  Cate 
chism;  The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church; 
The  Call  to  the  Ministry;  and  The  Li 
turgical  Question. 

CONRAD.  GEORGE~ELIHU,  lawyer, 
was  born  March  22,  1852,  in  Bollinger 
county,  Mo.  He  graduated  from  the  Mis 
souri  State  university,  and  has  received 
the  degrees  of  bachelor  of  arts,  bachelor 
of  pedagogics,  and  bachelor  of  laws.  In 
1885-86  he  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  his 
county;"  and  has  attained  prominence  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Marble  Hill,  Mo. 

CONRAD,  HENRY  CLAY,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  25,  1852,  in  Bridesberg,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  president  of  the  city  council 
of  Wilmington  in  1882;  and  for  ten  years 
from  1880  acted  as  United  States  chief 
supervisor  of  elections  of  the  district  of 
Delaware. 

CONRAD.  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1815. 

CONRAD,  JOSEPH  SPEED,  soldier, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1833,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
He  received  three  brevets,  as  major,  lieu 
tenant-colonel,  and  colonel  of  volunteers. 

CONRAD,  ROBERT  TAYLOR,  lawyer, 
jurist,  poet,  was  born  June  10,  1810,  in 
Philadelphia.  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 

Philadelphia       and 

mayor  of  that  city 
in  1854,  who  was 
once  noted  as  a  dra 
matic  poet.  He  was 
the  author  of  Ayl- 
mere,  or  the  Bond- 
m  a  n  of  Kent,  a 
tragedy  in  which 
Jack  Cade  is  the 
chief  figure,  a  role 
in  which  Edwin  Por- 
I  rest  was  very  suc 
cessful.  Conrad  of 

Naples,  another  tragedy,  had  also  a  meas 
ure  of  popularity.  He  died  June  27,  1858, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CONRAD,  TIMOTHY  ABBOTT,  con- 
chologist,  author,  was  born  in  August, 
1803,  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  conchol- 
ogist  who  published  Fossil  Shells  of  the 
Tertiary  Formations  of  North  America; 
New  Fresh-Water  Shells  of  the  United 
States;  Miocene  Shells  of  the  United 
States;  and  Palaeontology  of  State  of  New 
York.  He  died  Aug.  9,  1877,  in  Trenton, 
N.  J. 

CONRAD.  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  was 
born  Aug.  11,  1808,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  Westmoreland 
college,  Mount  Pleasant,  Pa.,  to  which  he 
presented  his  large  collection  of  geologi 
cal  specimens,  was  a  frequent  contributor 
to  religious  journals,  and  published  a  vol 
ume  on  Baptism.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1865. 

CONRAD,  WILLIAM  GEORGE,  banker, 
was  born  Aug.  3,  1848,  in  Clarke  county, 
Va.  He  is  principal  owner  and  president 
of  the  Connell  Coal  company,  of  Scranton. 
In  1872  he  founded  the  Third  National 
bank  of  Scranton. 


CONSTABLE,  ALBERT,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1832;  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1845  to 
1847;  and  elected  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  Maryland  in  1851.  He  died  in 
September,  1855,  in  Camden,  N.  J. 

CONSTIEN,  WILLIAM  WALLACE, 
clergyman,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1869,  in 
Lancaster,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  university,  and  from  the 
Boston  university,  and  has  received  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M.  He  has  at 
tained  distinction  as  a  successful  cler 
gyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church, 
has  filled  pastorates  in  Toledo  and  Bowl 
ing  Green,  Ohio,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate 
in  Pemberville. 

CONTEE,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1755  in  Maryland.  He  became  a 
clergyman  of  the  protestant  episcopal 
church.  In  1776  he  was  an  officer  in  the 
third  Maryland  battalion.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  •  continental  congress  in 
1787-88,  and  was  elected  to  the  first  con 
gress  under  the  constitution,  in  which 
body  he  voted  in  1790  for  establishing  the 
seat  of  government  on  the  Potomac.  Sub 
sequently  he  became  the  presiding  judge 
of  the  Charles  county,  Md.,  testamentary 
court.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1815,  in  Charles 
county,  Md. 

CONTEMO,  OTTAVIO  D.,  soldier,  musi 
cian,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1835,  in  France. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  a  captain 
in  the  volunteer  army  of  the  United 
States.  He  has  been  a  bandmaster  in  the 
United  States  army,  and  a  custom  house 
officer  at  Wilmington,  Cal.  He  is  major 
of  the  first  regiment  Union  Battlefield 
Veterans'  association  of  San  Jose,  Cal., 
where  he  is  a  music  teacher  and  band 
master  of  the  fifth  regiment  band. 

CONVERSE,  AMASA,  clergyman,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  1795  in  Virginia.  He 
founded  the  Christian  Observer,  a  pres- 
byterian  weekly  organ  of  old-school  doc 
trine  and  southern  political  sympathies. 
When  the  civil  war  began  he  removed 
his  paper  to  Richmond,  Va.,  and  after  the 
war  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  where  it  contin 
ued  to  be  the  organ  and  exponent  of  the 
southern  presbyterian  church.  He  died 
Dec.  9,  1872,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

CONVERSE,  CHARLES  CROZAT,  mus 
ical  composer,  was  born  in  1834,  in  War 
ren,  Mass.  His  musical  compositions 
have  appeared  under  the  anagrammatic 
pen-names  C.  0.  Nevers,  Karl  Reden,  and 
E.  C.  Revons.  He  has  published  a  can 
tata;  New  Method  for  the  Guitar;  Musi 
cal  Bouquet;  The  One  Hundred  and  Twen 
ty-sixth  Psalm;  Sweet  Singer;  Church 
Singer;  and  Sayings  of  Sages. 

CONVERSE,  ELISHA,  manufacturer, 
was  born  July  28,  1820,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  considered  by  those  who  know  him 
the  best  financier  in  the  state  of  Mon 
tana.  He  was  the  first  mayor  of  Fort 
Benton  and  territorial  senator. 

CONVERSE,  GEORGE  L.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  June  4, 
1827,  in  Georgesville,  Ohio.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  house  of  representa 
tives  from  1860  to  1863;  state  senator  in 
1864  and  1865;  again  in  the  lower  house 
of  the  legislature  from  1873  to  1876,  serv 
ing  as  speaker  in  1873  and  1874;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth 
congresses. 

CONVERSE,  MRS.  HARRIET,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1846  in  Elmira,  N.  Y. 
She  is  a  writer  of  poetry  and  prose  in 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Sheaves, 
a  collection  of  verses;  The  Religious  Fes 
tivals  of  the  Iroquois  Indians;  and  Myth 
ology  and  Folk-Lore  of  the  North  Ameri 
can  Indian. 


CONVERSE,  JOEL  NEWTON,  physi 
cian,  railroad  builder,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1820,  in  Madison  county,  Ohio.  In  1864 
he  began  the  build 
ing  of  the  road  from 
Union  City  to  Lo- 
gansport,  Ind., which 
was  completed  i  n 
1865.  Of  this  line 
he  was  president  and 
general  superintend 
ent  until  he  resigned 
in  1870.  He  began 
the  contract  of  build 
ing  the  Midland 
Pacific  railway,  ex 
tending  from  Ne 
braska  City  via  Lincoln  to  some  point  on 
the  Union  Pacific. 

CONVERSE,  JULIUS,  governor,  was 
born  in  1799  in  Stafford,  Conn.  He  was 
governor  of  Vermont  from  1872  to  1874. 
He  died  Aug.  18,  1885. 

CONWAY,  ELIAS  N.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Arkansas  for  eight  years 
from  1860  to  1868. 

CONWAY,  HENRY  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Greene  county,  Tenn.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  congress  from  the  ter 
ritory  of  Arkansas  from  1823  to  1829. 

CONWAY,  JAMES  S.(  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Arkansas  from  1836  to 
1840,  having  been  the  first  elected  under 
the  state  constitution. 

CONWAY,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  June  22,  1851,  in  Portage- 
ville,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  from  the  Iowa 
State  Agricultural  college,  and  was  sub 
sequently  deputy  recorder  of  Allamakee 
county,  Iowa.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Champion  of  Norton,  Kan.,  and 
is  the  author  of  many  poems  of  merit. 

CONWAY,  KATHERINE  ELEANOR, 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  in  1853  in  New 
York.  She  is  a  journalist  of  Boston,  on 
the  editorial  staff  of  the  Pilot,  and  the 
author  of  Songs  of  the  Sunrise  Slope;  A 
Dream  of  Lilies,  a  volume  of  poems;  A 
Lady  and  Her  Letters;  and  Making 
Friends  and  Keeping  Them. 

CONWAY,  MARTIN  F.,  printer,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  about  1803  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  took  part  in  orig 
inating  the  National  Typographical  union. 
He  was  elected  to  the  council  of  the  first 
territorial  legislature;  under  the  Topeka 
convention  was  chosen  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court;  and  in  1856  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Leavenworth  constitutional 
convention.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Kansas  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1882. 

CONWAY,  MONCURE  DANIEL,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  March  17, 
1832,  in  Stafford  county,  Va.  He  is  a  Uni 
tarian  clergyman  of  extremely  radical 
views,  who  has  for  many  years  been  in 
charge  of  a  congregation  in  London.  He 
has  been  a  prolific  writer  in  several  fields, 
the  larger  number  of  his  writings  being 
The  Rejected  Stone;  Idols  and  Ideals; 
Demonology  and  Devil  Lore;  The  Wan 
dering  Jew;  Sketch  of  Carlyle;  The  Earth 
ward  Pilgrimage;  Sacred  Anthology,  a 
compilation;  Emerson  at  Home  and 
Abroad;  George  Washington  and  Mount 
Vernon;  Omitted  Chapters  in  Life  and 
Letters  of  Edmund  Randolph;  Life  of 
Thomas  Paine;  Tracts  for  To-Day; 
Natural  History  of  the  Devil;  The  Gold 
en  Hour;  Testimonies  Concerning  Slav 
ery;  Human  Sacrifices  in  England;  Les 
sons  for  the  Day;  Travels  in  South  Ken 
sington;  A  Necklace  of  Stories;  Pine  and 
Palm,  a  novel;  and  Prisms  of  Air,  a 
novel. 


IIKHKINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


245 


CONWAY,  THOMAS,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  27,  1733,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  brig 
adier-general  in  the  revolutionary  war. 
He  was  obnoxious  to  Washington,  and 
out  of  Conway's  anger  against  Washing 
ton  grew  the  Conway  cabal. 

CONWELL,  RUSSELL  H.,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1842  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Phil 
adelphia,  and  the  author  of  Why  the 
Chinese  Emigrate;  Woman  and  the  Law; 
Life  of  President  Hayes;  Life  of  Bayard 
Taylor;  Life  of  President  Garfield;  and 
Joshua  Giavencola,  the  Captain  of  the 
Vineyards  of  Lucerna. 

CONY,  SAMUEL,  state  legislator,  jurist, 
governor,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1811,  in  Au 
gusta,  Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  legislature  in  1835  and  1862;  mem 
ber  of  the  council  in  1839;  and  judge  of 
probate  from  1840  to  1847.  He  was 
state  treasurer  from  1850  to  1855;  mayor 
of  Augusta  in  1854,  and  governor  of  Maine 
from  1864  to  1867.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1870, 
in  Augusta,  Maine. 

CONYNGHAM,  DAVID  POWER,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1840  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  a  New  York  journalist, 
and  editor  of  The  Tablet,  and  the  author 
of  Sherman's  March  Through  the  South; 
Lives  of  the  Irish  Saints  and  Martyrs; 
The  Irish  Brigade  and  Its  Campaigns. 
In  fiction:  Sarsfleld,  or  the  Last  Great 
Struggle  for  Ireland;  The  O'Donnells  of 
Glen  Cottage;  O'Mahoney,  Chief  of  the 
Commeraghs;  and  Rose  Parnell,  the 
Flower  of  Avondale.  He  died  in  1883. 

CONYNGHAM,  JOHN  BUTLER,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1827.  While  a  prisoner  at 
Charleston  he  was  one  of  the  number  se 
lected  as  hostages  to  be  shot  in  case  of  a 
bombardment  of  the  city  by  our  forces. 
In  1871  he  was  brevetted  major  and  lieu 
tenant-colonel  for  gallant  service  in  the 
fleld.  During  his  term  of  service  in  the 
regular  army  he  was  mostly  employed  on 
the  Indian  frontier.  He  died  May  27,  1871, 
in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 

COOK,  ALBERT  JOHN,  naturalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1842,  in  Owasso, 
Mich.  He  was  a  professor  of  zoology  at 
Michigan  Agricultural  college,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Injurious  Insects  of  Michigan; 
and  Manual  of  the  Apiary. 

COOK,  ALBERT  STANBURROUGH, 
educator,  author,  was  born  March  6, 
1853,  in  Montville,  N.  J.  In  1879-81  he 
was  associate  in  English  in  the  Johns 
Hopkins  university;  was  professor  of 
English  language  and  literature  in  the 
university  of  California  during  1882-89, 
and  since  1889  has  filled  the  same  chair 
in  the  Yale  university  of  New  Haven, 
Conn.  In  1897  he  became  president  of  the 
Modern  Language  association  of  Amer 
ica.  He  has  edited  Siever's  Old  English 
Grammar;  Judith,  an  Old  English  Epic 
Fragment;  and  Sidney's  Defence  of  Poesy. 

COOK,  BURTON  C.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  May  11,  1819, 
in  Monroe  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
state's  attorney  for  the  ninth  circuit  in 
1846,  for  two  years,  and  was  re-elected,  in 
1848,  for  four  years.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  from  1852  to  1860,  and  in 
1864  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress,  and 
re-elected  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first 
congresses  as  a  union  republican. 

COOK,  CLARENCE  CHATHAM,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1828,  in 
Dorchester,  Mass.  He  is  an  art  critic  of 
New  York  city,  and  editor  of  The  Studio. 
He  has  edited  Liibke's  History  of  Art, 
and  published  also  The  House  Beautiful; 
Essays  on  Beds  and  Tables,  Stools  and 
Candlesticks;  and  The  Central  Park. 


COOK.  DANIEL  P.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1795  in  Scott  county, 
K,y.  He  moved  to  the  territory  of  Illinois 
in  1815;  and  was  the  first  attorney-gen 
eral  of  the  state  of  Illinois.  During  1820- 
27  he  represented  Illinois  in  congress, 
and  was  considered  by  such  men  as  Mr. 
Calhoun  and  Judge  McLean  as  a  man  of 
remarkable  talents.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1827. 
COOK,  FREDERICK  WASHINGTON, 
legislator,  railroad  president,  was  born 
Feb.  1,  1832,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
was  elected  as  representative  from  Van- 
derburg  county  to  the  legislature  of  In 
diana.  In  this  capacity  he  served  during 
the  called  session  of  1864,  and  also  dur 
ing  the  regular  session  of  1864-65.  He  is 
president  of  the  Evansville  Suburban  and 
Newburg  railway,  at  Evansville,  Ind. 

COOK,  GEORGE  HAMMELL,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1818,  in  Han 
over,  N.  J.  He  was  a  professor  of  geology 
at  Rutgers  college  and  state  geologist, 
whose  only  published  work  is  The  Geo 
logy  of  New  Jersey.  He  died  Sept.  22, 
1889,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

COOK,  JOEL,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  in  1842,  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a 
Philadelphia  journalist,  and  financial  edi 
tor  of  the  Public  Ledger.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Brief  Summer  Rambles  near  Phil 
adelphia;  An  Eastern  Tour  at  Home;  A 
Holiday  Tour  in  Europe;  England,  Pic 
turesque  and  Descriptive;  and  The  Siege 
of  Richmond. 

COOK,  JOHN,  soldier,  legislator,  was 
born  June  12,  1826,  in  Belleville,  111.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Springfield, 
111.;  two  years  later  became  sheriff  of 
Sangamon  county,  and  in  1858  was  ap 
pointed  quartermaster-general  of  Illinois. 
He  became  a  general  during  the  civil  war. 
In  1868  he  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
state  legislature,  and  was  instrumental 
in  securing  the  second  appropriation  for 
the  erection  of  the  new  state  house. 

COOK,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1846,  in  Sen 
eca  county,  Ohio.  He  settled  in  Iowa; 
and  in  1878  was  elected  judge  of  the  sixth 
judicial  district.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Iowa  to  the  forty-seventh 
congress. 

COOK,  JOHN  P.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  On  taking  up  his 
residence  in  Iowa,  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1853  to  1855. 

COOK,  JOHN  WILLISTON,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  April  20,  1846, 
in  Oneida  county,  N.  Y.  He  graduated 
from  the  Illinois  State  university,  in 
which  institution  he  was  an  instructor 
from  1868-90,  when  he  was  appointed 
president. 

COOK,  JOSEPH,  lecturer,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1838,  near  Ticonderoga,  N. 
Y.  In  1874  he  began  a  series  of  Monday 
lectures  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  on  the  rela 
tions  of  religion  and 
science;  and  subse 
quently  delivered 
them  in  the  princi 
pal  cities  of  the 
United  States.  He 
has  lectured  through 
out  the  principal 
countries  of  Europe, 
and  in  India,  China, 
Japan,  Australia,  and 
the  Sandwich  Isl 
ands.  His  published  works,  comprising 
his  lectures,  carefully  written  out,  have 
been  very  successful,  some  of  which  have 
passed  through  as  many  as  sixteen 
editions.  His  works  are  Boston  Monday 
Lectures,  in  ten  volumes;  and  Current  Re 


ligious  Perils,  with  Other  Addresses  on 
Leading  Reforms. 

COOK,  MARC,  journalist,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1854  in  Rhode  Island. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York,  and 
the  author  of  The  Wilderness  Cure;  and 
Vandyke  Brown  Poems.  He  died  Oct.  4, 
3882,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

COOK,  MARTHA  ELIZABETH  DUN 
CAN  WALKER,  author,  poet,  was  born 
July  23,  1806.  She  was  a  good  lin 
guist,  and  translated  several  works  from 
the  German  and  French.  Among  these 
were  Liszt's  Life  of  Chopin,  translated 
from  the  French;  The  Undivine  Comedy, 
and  Other  Poems,  by  Count  Sigismund 
Krasinski,  translated  from  the  Polish 
through  the  German  and  French;  and 
Life  of  Joan  of  Arc.  She  died  Sept.  15, 
1874,  in  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

COOK,  MAY  AMY,  pianist,  was  born 
Dec.  4,  1869,  in  Paw  Paw,  Mich.  She  has 
studied  under  private  teachers,  and  spent 
three  years  in  Berlin  during  1891-94.  She 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  concert 
pianist;  was  organist  at  the  First  Meth 
odist  church  of  Portland,  Ore.,  during 
1889-91;  and  now  gives  recitals  and  piano 
instruction  in  that  city. 

COOK,  ORCHARD,  merchant,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  merchant  by  occu 
pation,  and  for  some  years  sheriff  of 
Lincoln  county,  Mass.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1805  to  1811. 

COOK,  PHILIP,  soldier,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  July  31,  1817,  In 
Twiggs  county,  Ga.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate  in  1859,  1860  and  1863.  He 
entered  the  confederate  service  in  1861  as 
a  private,  and  rose  to  be  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
vention  of  1865,  and  was  elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress,  but  not  allowed  to 
take  his  seat.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

COOK,  RICHARD  BRISCOE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1838,  in  Mary 
land.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Wil 
mington,  Del.,  and  the  author  of  The 
Story  of  the  Baptists  in  All  Ages  and 
Countries. 

COOK,  RUSSELL  S.,  clergyman,  was 
born  March  16,  1811,  in  New  Marlborough, 
Mass.  He  devoted  himself  to  the  service 
of  the  American  Tract  society;  in  1839 
was  appointed  one  of  its  corresponding 
secretaries,  and  labored  as  such  for  eight 
een  years  in  New  York  city.  He  died 
Sept.  4,  1864,  in  Pleasant  Valley,  N.  Y. 

COOK,  SAMUEL  A.,  soldier,  farmer, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
28,  1849,  in  Ontario.  He  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  company  A,  second  Wisconsin 
cavalry,  served  under  General  Custer,  and 
was  mustered  out  at  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  engaged  in  manufacturing,  and  moved 
to  Neenah,  Wis.,  in  1881.  He  was  elected 
mayor  of  Neenah  in  1889,  and  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  in  1891-92.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

COOK,  SETH,  miner,  was  born  in  1830, 
in  Byron,  N.  Y.  He  was  among  the  first 
of  the  men  to  establish  themselves  on  the 
Comstock  ledge,  and  with  his  brother 
Daniel  made  a  great  deal  of  money  in  1886 
in  the  Crown  Point  deal.  He  obtained 
control  of  the  Standard  mine  at  Bodie, 
and  finally  returning  to  the  Comstock 
ledge,  became  controlling  owner  of  the 
Alta  group  of  mines  at  the  southern  end 
pf  the  lode.  He  also  had  mines  on  Max 
well  creek  and  large  interests  in  land,  in 
cluding  a  stock  ranch  in  Contra  Costa 
county. 


246 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COOK,  THEODORE  PEASE,  soldier, 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1844, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  entered  the  army 
at  the  age  of  eighteen  and  served  through 
the  civil  war,  being  finally  on  the  staff 
of  Gen.  John  C.  Robinson.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  Columbia  law  school  in  1867,  but 
devoted  himself  to  journalism  in  Utica. 
During  the  presidential  canvass  of  1876 
he  wrote  the  Lives  of  Tilden  and  Hen- 
dricks.  The  best  known  of  his  poems 
are  Blue-Beard  and  An  Ode  for  Decoration 
Day. 

COOK,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1832,  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  physician  of  Cincinnati,  and  the 
author  of  Physio-Medical  Surgery;  Wo 
man's  Book  of  Health;  Physio-Medical 
Dispensatory;  Spermatorrhoea;  and  Sci 
ence  and  Practice  of  Medicine. 

COOK,  ZADOCK,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1769.  He  was  frequently  in  the 
legislature  of  Georgia;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1817  to  1819. 

COOK,  ZEBEDEE,  legislator,  insurance 
manager,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1786,  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.  He  was  among  the  first 
to  introduce  into  this  country  the  system 
known  as  mutual  insurance.  He  was  made 
president  in  1822  of  the  Eagle  Insurance 
company,  and  held  the  office  until  1828. 
During  the  next  ten  years  he  developed 
his  ideas  so  thoroughly  that  in  1838  he 
was  invited  to  New  York  to  become  presi 
dent  of  the  Mutual  safety  insurance  com 
pany.  By  his  efforts  the  Isabella  grape 
was  introduced  into  New  England.  He 
procured  the  cuttings  and  began  the  cul 
ture.  He  served  in  the  Massachusetts 
legislature  from  1835  till  1839.  He  died 
Jan.  24,  1858,  in  Pramingham,  Mass. 

COOKE,  ANSON  S.,  farmer,  educator, 
legislator,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1849,  in  Lake 
county,  111.  In  his  youth  he  taught  school 
and  in  1872  settled  in  Kansas,  where  he 
was  elected  a  state  senator  from  the  thir 
ty-third  district. 

COOKE,  AUGUSTUS  PAUL,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1836,  in  Coopers- 
town,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  navy  dur 
ing  the  civil  war,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  In  1890  he  was  or 
dered  to  New  York  as  president  of  the 
board  of  inspection  of  merchant  vessels. 
He  retired  from  service  in  1892. 

COOKE,  BATE,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1831  to  1833;  from  1839  to 
1841  held  the  office  of  comptroller  of  New 
York,  and  was  bank  commissioner  in 
1840.  He  died  in  1841. 

COOKE,  MRS.  DORCAS  F.,  poet,  was 
born  May  25,  1839,  in  Somerset  county, 
Maine.  In  1888  she  published,  in  con 
junction  with  Mrs.  Julia  Ellen  Jenkins, 
a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Memories. 

COOKE,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Jan. 
19,  1812,  in  Bethlehem,  N.  H.  From  1864 
till  1874  he  was  principal  of  the  Wesleyan 
academy  at  Wilbraham,  Mass.,  and  from 
that  year  till  1884  president  of  Claflin  uni 
versity  and  State  Agricultural  college  at 
Orangeburg,  S.  C. 

COOKE,  EDWARD  DEAN,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  17,  1849,  in  Cascade,  Iowa.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Illinois 
legislature  in  1882  as  a  republican,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  judiciary  commit 
tee  and  committee  on  banks  and  banking 
and  chairman  of  the  committee  on  elec 
tions.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  from  what  Is  known  as  the 
North  Side  district  in  the  city  of  Chica 
go  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress. 


COOKE,  ELEUTHEROS,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1787,  in  Gran- 
ville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Ohio  from  1831  to  1833,  and 
served  for  many  years  in  the  legislature 
of  that  state  before  and  after  entering 
congress.  He  died  Dec.  27,  1865,  in  San- 
dusky,  Ohio.  He  was  the  father  of  the 
distinguished  bankers,  Jay,  Pitt,  and 
Henry  D.  Cooke. 

COOKE,  GEORGE  WILLIS,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  April  23,  1848, 
in  Comstock,  Mich.  He  is  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Lexington,  Mass.,  who  has 
done  much  excellent  work  in  criticism, 
and  has  attained  prominence  as  a  lec 
turer.  He  is  the  author  of  George  Eliot, 
a  Critical  Study;  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson: 
his  Life,  Writings,  and  Philosophy;  Poets 
and  Problems,  Studies  of  Tennyson,  Rus- 
kin,  and  Browning;  Guide  Book  to 
Browning;  and  The  Clapboard  Trees  Par 
ish,  Dedham,  a  History. 

COOKE,  HENRY  D..  journalist,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1825,  in  San- 
dusky  City,  Ohio.  The  idea  of  a  steam 
ship  line  from  New  York  to  California  by 
way  of  Panama  was  suggested  by  him. 
He  subsequently  resided  in  California; 
had  much  to  do  with  the  shipping  of  the 
Pacific,  and  was  the  first  to  announce, 
through  a  despatch  from  the  military  gov 
ernor  of  California  to  Washington,  the 
discovery  of  gold  in  the  Sacramento  Val 
ley.  He  returned  to  the  east,  and  was  as 
sociated  with  the  United  States  Gazette, 
Sandusky  Register,  and  the  Ohio  State 
Journal;  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1856;  in  1861  became  a  partner  in  the 
house  of  Jay  Cooke  and  Co.;  frequently 
visited  Europe  on  business;  and  in  1870 
was  appointed  the  first  governor  of  the 
District  of  Columbia,  which  office  he  re 
signed  in  1873.  He  was  the  son  of  Eleu- 
theros  Cooke,  a  distinguished  orator  and 
congressman,  and  brother  of  Jay  Cooke, 
the  eminent  financier.  He  died  Dec.  29, 
1881,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

COOKE,  ISABELLE  W.,  artist,  poet, 
was  born  March  15,  1834,  in  Meriden, 
Conn.  She  is  an  instructor  in  painting 
and  drawing  and  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  poems  entitled  Tears  and  Victory. 

COOKE,  J.  EDMUND  V.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  June  5,  1866,  in  Canada.  He  has 
attained  prominence  as  a  lecturer  and 
platform  reader  of  his  own  writings.  He 
is  the  author  of  A  Patch  of  Pansies,  a 
volume  of  his  collected  poems. 

COOKE,  JAY,  financier,  was  born  Aug. 
10,  1821,  in  Sandusky,  Ohio.  In  1861  he 
started  the  banking  firm  of  Jay  Cooke  and 
Company;  is  the  owner  of  Ogontz  college, 
and  also  owns  Gibraltar  Island  and  its 
beautiful  mansion. 

COOKE,  JOHN  ESTEN,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1830,  in  Winchester,  Va. 
He  was  a  noted  Virginia  author  who 
served  in  the  confederate  army  during  the 
civil  war.  He  wrote  much  historical  fic 
tion.  The  Virginia  Comedians  being  the 
most  famous  of  his  romances.  He  was  the 
author  of  Leather  Stocking  and  Silk; 
The  Youth  of  Jefferson;  Surry  of  Eagle's 
Nest;  Wearing  the  Gray;  My  Lady  Poka- 
hontas;  Henry  St.  John,  reissued  as  Bon- 
nybel  Vane;  Mohun,  or  the  Last  Days  of 
Lee  and  His  Paladins;  Her  Majesty  the 
Queen;  Pretty  Mrs.  Gaston;  Stories  of 
the  Old  Dominion;  The  Maurice  Mystery; 
Mr.  Grantley's  Idea;  Professor  Pressen- 
see;  Virginia  Bohemians;  Hammer  and 
Rapier;  Hilt  to  Hilt,  include  the  greater 
part  of  his  work  in  fiction.  He  wrote  also 
Life  of  General  Lee;  Stonewall  Jackson, 
a  Biography;  and  Virginia,  a  History  of 
the  People.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1886,  in 
Boyce.  Va. 


COOKE,  JOSEPH  P.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1730.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
Connecticut  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1784  to  1788.  He  died  in  1816,  in 
Danbury,  Conn. 

COOKE,  JOSIAH  PARSONS,  chemist, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1827,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  chemist  of  distinction 
who  was  professor  of  chemistry  at  Har 
vard  university  from  1850,  and  lectured  in 
many  places  on  scientific  topics.  He  was 
the  author  of  Religion  and  Chemistry; 
Scientific  Culture;  Elements  of  Chemical 
Physics;  Chemical  Problems  and  Reac 
tions;  Principles  of  Chemical  Philosophy; 
The  New  Chemistry;  The  Credentials  of 
Science  the  Warrant  of  Faith;  and  Labor 
atory  Practice.  He  died  in  1894. 

COOKE,  MARTIN  WARREN,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  March  2,  1840,  in  White 
hall,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  practitioner  in 
the  United  States  courts;  and  in  the 
United  States  supreme  court;  and  is  also 
the  official  attorney  of  the  university  of 
Rochester.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  The  Human  Mystery  in  Hamlet. 

COOKE,  NICHOLAS,  governor,  was 
born  Feb.  3,  1717,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
He  was  deputy-governor  of  the  state  in 
1775;  and  governor  from  that  date  to  1778. 
He  died  Sept.  14,  1782,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

COOKE,  NICHOLAS  FRANCIS,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1829,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  a  prominent 
physician  of  Chicago,  and  the  author  of 
Satan  in  Society;  and  Antiseptic  Medica 
tion.  He  died  Feb.  1,  1885,  in  Chicago,  111. 

COOKE,  PARSONS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  18,  1800,  in  Hadley,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Lynn,  strongly  Calvinisuc  in  doctrine  and 
controversially  inclined.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  German  Anabaptism; 
and  A  Century  of  Puritanism  and  a  Cen 
tury  of  Its  Opposites.  He  died  Feb.  12, 
1864,  in  Lynn,  Mass. 

COOKE,  PHILIP  PENDLETON,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1816,  in  Martins- 
burg,  Va.  He  was  a  Virginia  lawyer 
whose  poetry  was  once  very  much  ad 
mired,  and  whose  Florence  Vane  still  lin 
gers  in  the  anthologies.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Froissart  Ballads,  and  Other 
Poems.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1850. 

COOKE,  PHILIP  ST.  GEORGE,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  June  13,  1809,  near 
Leesburg,  Va.  He  was  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  United  States  army  who  reared 
in  1873.  He  was  the  author  of  Scenes  and 
Adventures  in  the  Army;  Handy  Book 
for  United  States  Cavalry;  Cavalry  Tac 
tics;  and  Conquest  of  New  Mexico  and 
California.  He  died  in  1895. 

COOKE,  MRS.  ROSE  TERRY,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1827  in  Connecticut. 
She  was  a  New  England  writer  well 
known  both  as  a  poet  and  a  writer  of 
short  stories  of  notable  excellence.  She 
was  the  author  of  Poems  by  Rose  Terry; 
Happy  Dodd;  Somebody's  Neighbors;  The 
Sphinx's  Children  and  Other  People's; 
Steadfast;  and  Huckleberries.  In  1888  a 
complete  collection  of  her  poems  was 
made,  including  the  contents  of  her  early 
volume  and  her  later  work  in  verse.  The 
Two  Villages  is  her  best  known  poem,  as 
it  is  one  of  her  best.  She  died  in  1892. 

COOKE,  THOMAS  BURRAGE,  lawyer, 
banker,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1780  in  Northford,  Conn.  He  became 
a  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1811  to  1813,  and  served  in  the 
New  York  legislature  in  1838  and  1839. 
He  was  for  many  years  president  of  the 
Catskill  bank,  and  was  one  of  the  earliest 
projectors  of  railroads  in  this  country. 
He  died  in  Catskill,  N.  Y. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OK    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


247 


COOKINS,  JAMES,  artist,  was  born 
about  1835  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  He  has 
much  talent  as  a  landscape  painter,  and 
his  illustrations  of  fairy  tales  show  great 
power  of  invention. 

COOKMAN,  ALFRED,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1828.  He  was  a  metho- 
dist  clergyman  who  published  Stayed  on 
God.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1871,  in  Newark, 
N.  J. 

COOLBRITH,  INA  DONNA,  poet,  was 
born  in  Illinois.  She  is  a  California  poet, 
and  formerly  librarian  of  the  Oakland 
Public  library.  Her  work  is  nearly  al 
ways  musical.  She  is  the  author  of  The 
Perfect  Day  and  Other  Poems;  and  Songs 
of  the  Golden  Gate. 

COOLEY,  ABIEL  A.,  inventor,  was  born 
in  1782.  He  was  a  physician,  and  invented 
improvements  in  friction  matches,  an  in 
genious  shingle  machine,  and  one  of  the 
first  power  presses  in  use.  He  was  also 
the  first  to  apply  the  cam  movement  to 
pumps.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1858,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

COOLEY,  ALICE  KINGSBURY,  actress, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1840,  in 
England.  For  several  years  she  was  an 
actress  in  such  plays  as  Fanchon,  Juli 
ette  and  others,  and  starred  over  the 
United  States  and  Canada.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  child's  book  entitled  Ho  for 
Elfland;  and  a  work  for  adults  entitled 
Asaph,  an  historical  novel  of  ancient 
Jerusalem. 

COOLEY,  LE  ROY  CLARK,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1833,  in  Point 
Peninsula,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  professor  of 
physics  at  Vassar  college,  and  the  author 
of  a  series  of  text-books  entitled  Text- 
Book  of  Physics;  Text-Book  of  Chem 
istry;  Easy  Experiments  in  Physical 
Science;  Natural  Philosophy;  Elements  of 
Chemistry;  Students'  Guide  Book;  Be 
ginners'  Guide  to  Chemistry;  and  Labora 
tory  Studies  in  Elementary  Chemistry. 

COOLEY,  THOMAS  McINTYRE,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1824, 
in  Attica,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  jurist  of  promi 
nence  in  Michigan,  and  professor  of  his 
tory  in  the  university  of  Michigan.  He 
is  the  author  of  Law  of  Taxation;  Law 
of  Torts;  General  Principles  of  Consti 
tutional  Law  in  the  United  States;  Treat 
ise  on  Constitutional  Limitations  of  the 
Legislative  Power  in  the  Several  States; 
annotated  editions  of  Blackstone's  Story's 
Commentaries;  and  Michigan,  a  History 
of  Governments.  He  died  in  September, 
1898. 

COOLIDGE,  CARLOS,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  in  1792  in 
Windsor,  Vt.  He  was  state  attorney  for 
the  county  from  1831  to  1836;  representa 
tive  from  1834  to  1837,  and  from  1839  to 
1842;  and  was  speaker  in  1836,  and  during 
the  last  term.  He  was  governor  of  Ver 
mont  from  1849  to  1851;  and  was  a  state 
senator  from  1855  to  1857.  He  died  Aug. 
15,  1866,  in  Windsor,  Vt. 

COOLIDGE,  FREDERICK  SPAULD- 
ING,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  7,  1841,  in  Westminster,  Mass. 
He  is  a  manufacturer  of  chairs  and  chair 
cane,  and  is  the  manager  of  the  Boston 
Chair  Manufacturing  company  and  of  the 
Leominster  Rattan  works.  He  was  demo 
cratic  elector  in  1888;  and  was  representa 
tive  to  the  general  court  of  Massachusetts 
in  1875.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sec 
ond  congress  as  a  democrat. 

COOLIDGE,  SIDNEY,  scientist,  was 
born  in  1830  in  Boston,  Mass.  After  work 
ing  in  the  nautical-almanac  office  and  in 
the  Cambridge  observatory,  he  was  ap 
pointed  in  1853  assistant  astronomer  to 
Commodore  Perry's  Japan  exploring  ex 


pedition.  Being  in  Mexico  in  1858,  he 
took  part  in  the  civil  war  of  that  year. 
He  took  part  in  an  Arizona  land  survey  in 
1860,  and  in  1861  became  major  in  the 
sixteenth  United  States  infantry.  He  was 
superintendent  of  the  regimental  recruit 
ing  service  in  1862,  commanded  regiments 
at  different  posts  and  camps,  and  was  en 
gaged  at  the  battles  of  Hoover's  Gap  and 
Chickamauga,  where  he  was  killed.  For 
his  services  in  the  latter  figat  he  received 
the  brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  died 
Sept.  19,  1863,  near  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

COOMBE,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1748,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  In  1772  he  was  assistant  rector  of 
Christ's  church  in  Philadelphia,  being 
transferred  later  to  St.  Peter's.  He  went 
to  England,  and  in  1794  was  made  pre 
bendary  of  Canterbury  and  chaplain-in- 
ordinary  to  the  king.  He  was  the  author 
of  a  volume  entitled  Peasant  of  Auburn. 
He  died  Aug.  15,  1822,  in  London,  Eng 
land. 

COOMBS,  ANNIE  LINMERE,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  7,  1844,  in  Frederick,  Ohio. 
She  received  her  education  in  the  Pitts- 
burg  high  schools  and  seminary.  She 
has  written  over  five  hundred  poems  for 
the  leading  magazines  and  newspapers. 

COOMBS,  MRS.  ANNIE  SHELDON,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1858  in  New  York.  She 
was  a  novelist  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  As  Common  Mortals;  A 
Game  of  Chance;  and  The  Garden  of 
Armida.  She  died  in  1890. 

COOMBS,  WILLIAM  J.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1833,  in  Jor 
dan,  N.  Y.  He  is  one  of  the  pioneers  in 
the  business  of  exporting  American  goods, 
having  been  engaged  in  that  business  over 
thirty-five  years.  He  was  the  unsuccess 
ful  independent  and  democratic  candidate 
for  congress  in  1888;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

COON,  JOHN  HENRY,  manufacturer, 
financier,  was  born  March  24.  1831,  in 
Johnstown,  N.  Y.  In  1889  he  helped  to 
organize  the  Coon,  Cluett  and  Company, 
manufacturers  of  collars  and  cuffs,  which 
developed  into  immense  proportions.  He 
is  also  a  director  of  several  business  cor 
porations  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

COONEY,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1848  in  Ireland. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
and  at  the  state  uni 
versity  of  Missouri; 
taught  school  for  a 
few  years  after  he 
left  the  university, 
and  in  1875  located 
in  Marshall,  Mo., 
and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
office  of  probate 
judge  of  his  county; 
in  1882,  and  again  in 
1884,  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  of  his  county;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

COONS,  ALONSO  B.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Sept.  3,  1841,  in  Montgomery 
county,  N.  Y.  He  has  filled  the  office  of 
district  attorney  of  Schoharie  county,  N. 
Y.,  and  during  1888-90  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  state  assembly. 

COOPER,  BENJAMIN,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1793  in  New  Jersey.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  United  States  navy  as 
midshipman  in  1809,  and  served  with  dis 
tinction  during  the  war  of  1812.  He  was 
promoted  and  attained  the  grade  of  cap 
tain  in  1828.  He  died  June  1,  1850,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


COOPER,  CHARLES,  poet,  was  born 
April  23,  1822,  in  England.  He  is  the 
author  of  Signs  of  the  Day,  and  other 
poems  of  merit.  He  lives  in  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah,  where  he  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  public  affairs. 

COOPER,  CHARLES  M.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  16, 
1856,  in  Athens,  Ga.  He  was  elected  to 
the  lower  house  of  the  legislature  in  1880, 
and  was  elected  to  state  senate  in  1884. 
He  was  appointed  attorney-general  of  the 
state  in  1885  for  term  of  four  years,  and 
was  appointed  in  1889  one  of  three  com 
missioners  to  revise  the  statutes  of  the 
state.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

COOPER,  DAVID,  jurist.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  United  States 
court  of  Minnesota  in  1850. 

COOPER,  EDMUND,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  11, 
3821,  in  Franklin,  Tenn.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Tennessee  legislature,  was  elected 
a  union  delegate  to  the  state  convention 
proposed  in  1861,  and  was  again  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  in  1865,  but  re 
signed  on  being  elected  a  representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  assistant 
secretary  of  the  treasury. 

COOPER,  EDWARD,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Oct.  26,  1824,  in  New  York  city. 
The  success  of  the  Trenton  iron-works 
and  of  the  New  Jersey  iron  and  steel 
works  is  largely  due  to  his  painstaking 
and  careful  study  of  the  subject.  He  was 
an  active  member  of  the  committee  of 
seventy,  through  whose  efforts  the  Tweed 
ring  was  overthrown.  In  national  politics 
he  has  served  as  a  delegate  to  the  Charles 
ton  convention  of  1860,  and  to  the  St. 
Louis  convention  of  1876.  He  is  a  trustee 
of  the.  Cooper  union,  and  is  a  member  of 
various  corporations. 

COOPER,  ELIAS  SAMUEL,  surgeon, 
was  born  in  1821  in  Butler  county,  Ohio. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization 
of  the  medical  department  of  the  univer 
sity  of  the  Pacific,  the  first  medical  school 
on  the  Pacific  coast;  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death  was  professor  of  surgery  and 
president  of  the  medical  faculty.  He  es 
tablished  the  San  Francisco  Medical 
Press,  and  was  a  contributor  to  eastern 
medical  journals.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1862, 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

COOPER,  ELLWOOD,  horticulturist, 
author,  was  born  May  24,  1829,  in  Sads- 
bury,  Pa.  He  is  a  horticulturist  qf  south 
ern  California,  president  of  the  state 
board  of  horticulture;  and  the  author  of 
Statistics  of  Trade  with  Hayti;  Forest 
Culture  and  Eucalyptus  Trees;  and  Treat 
ise  on  Olive  Culture. 

COOPER,  GEORGE,  poet,  composer, 
was  born  May  14,  1840,  in  New  York  city. 
He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Chester  A. 
Arthur,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  but 
never  practiced  to  any  extent.  He  is  the 
author  of  the  words  of  many  popular 
ballads,  such  as  Beautiful  Isle  of  the  Sea; 
Sweet  Genevieve;  Mother  Kissed  Me  in 
My  Dream;  Must  We  then  Meet  as  Stran 
gers;  and  While  the  Days  Are  Going  By. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Chaplet,  and  Gos 
pel  Melodies,  two  volumes  of  hymns. 

COOPER,  GEORGE  B.,  congressman, 
was  horn  June  6,  1808,  in  Long  Hill,  N.  J. 
He  served  in  the  two  houses  of  the  Mich 
igan  state  legislature;  served  two  terms 
as  state  treasurer  of  Michigan;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Michigan 
to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He  died  In 
1866  in  Shark  river,  N.  J. 


248 


HERR1NG8HAW8    KNCYCLOPKUIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COOPER,  GEORGE  HENRY,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  June  27,  1821,  in  New  York. 
He  commanded  the  Pensacola  navy  yard; 
and  from  1878  to  1880  was  president  of  the 
board  of  inspection.  In  1880  he  took 
command  of  the  navy  yard  at  Brooklyn, 
and  was  promoted  to  be  rear-admiral. 
He  was  commander-in-chief  of  the  Atlan 
tic  squadron,  until  his  retirement  in  1884. 
He  died  Nov.  17,  1891,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

COOPER,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  May  21,  1851,  in 
Bartholomew  county,  Ind.  He  graduated 
from  the  Indiana  university  and  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Indiana.  He  has  been  mayor 
and  prosecuting  attorney  of  Columbus, 
Ind.,  and  prosecuting  attorney  of  his  coun 
ty.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat;  and  has  always 
advocated  a  tariff  measure  limited  to  the 
wants  of  the  government,  administered 
with  simplicity  and  economy;  an  advocate 
of  sound  finance;  and  in  favor  of  all  mea 
sures  necessary  for  a  stable  government. 

COOPER,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  22. 
1827,  in  Columbia,  Tenn.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1853  and  1857. 
and  in  18(i2  appoint 
ed  judge  of  the  sev 
enth  judicial  circuit, 
of  Tennessee;  re 
signed  in  186C.  Hi 
was  chosen  professor 
in  the  law  school  at 
Lebanon,  Tenn.,  in 
1806,  and  resigned  in 
1867,  when  he  re 
moved  to  Nashville. 
He  was  elected  to 

the  state  senate  in  1869  and  1870,  and  was 
elected  to  the  t'nited  States  senate  for 
the  term  ending  in  1877. 

COOPER,  HENRY  ALLEN,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Walworth  county,  Wis.  He  was  elected 
district  attorney  of  Racine  county,  and 
was  re-eiected  without  opposition  in  1882 
and  1884.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  na 
tional  republican  convention  of  1884;  a 
member  of  the  board  of  education  of  the 
city  of  Racine  in  1886-87,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  state  senate  1887-89.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

COOPER,  HENRY  M.,  manufacturer, 
public  official,  was  born  May  13,  1841  in 
Chester,  N.  J.  Since  1871  he  has  resided 
in  Little  Rock,  Ark.;  has  been  receiver 
of  public  moneys  and  collector  of  internal 
revenue,  which  latter  position  he  filled  for 
three  terms.  For  twelve  years  he  was 
secretary  of  the  republican  state  commit 
tee,  and  has  been  its  chairman  several 
terms.  For  the  past  twenty  years  he  has 
been  engaged  in  manufacturing,  and  is 
the  president  of  the  Little  Rock  Cooperage 
company,  one  of  the  largest  corporations 
in  that  business  in  the  state.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  Union  Compress  com 
pany,  a  wealthy  corporation  of  his  state. 

COOPER,  HORACE  CLARK,  JR.,  mer 
chant,  printer,  publisher,  was  born  May 
6,  1849,  in  Lake  Mills,  Wis.  He  has  com 
piled  and  published  a  number  of  biogra 
phical  works;  and  since  1873  has  been 
president  of  the  American  Biographical 
Publishing  company  of  Chicago,  111.  He 
is  closely  identified  with  the  foremost  pub 
lishing  houses  of  Chicago,  as  president 
of  the  Brown-Cooper  Typesetting  com 
pany,  the  largest  and  most  complete  lino 
type  composing  establishment  west  of  New 
York. 


COOPER,  JAMES,  soldier,  lawyer,  Unit 
ed  States  senator,  was  born  May  8,  1810, 
in  Frederick  county,  Md.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in 
congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  in  1838,  and 
re-elected  in  1840.  In 
1843  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  legisla 
ture,  and  re-elected 
in  1844,  1846  and 
1848,  serving  as 
speaker  in  1847.  In 
1848  he  was  appoint 
ed  attorney-general 
of  Pennsylvania;  and 
in  1849  was  chosen  a 

senator  in  congress  for  the  term  of  six 
years.  He  afterwards  became  a  brigadier- 
general  in  the  army.  He  died  March  28, 
1863,  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

COOPER,  JAMES  B.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  March  6,  1753,  in  Bucks  county,  Pa. 
In  1812  he  entered  the  navy  as  master,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  during  the  war. 
He  was  promoted  to  lieutenant  in  1822, 
and  became  commander  in  1841.  He  died 
Feb.  5,  1854,  in  Haddonfield,  N.  J. 

COOPER,  JAMES  CAMPBELL,  mineral 
ogist,  was  born  June  16,  1832,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  has  taken  great  interest 
in  the  study  of  geology  and  mineralogy, 
and  has  collected,  located,  and  named 
fully  50,000  specimens  of  minerals,  in- 
cluding  a  collection  of  9,000  specimens 
that  he  presented  the  university  of  Kan 
sas. 

COOPER,  JAMES  E.,  showman,  was 
born  Nov.  4,  1832,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  entered  the  circus  business  in  part 
nership  with  P.  T.  Barnum,  W.  W.  Cole 
and  James  L.  Hutchinson,  the  show  tak 
ing  the  name  of  P.  T.  Barnum  and  Com 
pany's  Greatest  Show  on  Earth.  At  the 
close  of  1887  he  sold  his  interest  to  James 
A.  Bailey  and  retired  with  the  intention  of 
devoting  the  remainder  of  his  days  to 
the  enjoyment  of  the  fortune  he  had 
amassed,  but  the  fascination  and  excite 
ment  of  the  circus  arena  tempted  him 
forth  once  more,  and,  in  1890,  he  pur 
chased  the  Adam  Forepaugh  shows,  and 
he  died  while  in  the  harness.  He  died 
Jan.  1,  1892,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

COOPER,  JAMES  FENIMORE,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  15,  1789,  in  Burlington,  N. 
J.  He  was  the  first  American  writer  to 
gain  general  Euro 
pean  recognition, 
and  the  first  native 
novelist  who  won  a 
national  reputation. 
Although  much  that 
he  wrote  is  nearly 
forgotten,  the  best  of 
his  work  survives 
and  is  still  popular. 
His  first  novel,  Pre 
caution,  a  conven 
tional,  mediocre 
piece  of  writing,  ap 
peared  in  1820,  and  was  followed,  in  1821, 
by  The  Spy,  the  most  famous  of  all  his 
books,  having  been  translated  into  all 
the  principal  languages  of  Europe.  Al 
most  as  famous  is  The  Last  of  the  Mohi 
cans,  a  much  greater  work.  Among  his 
talcs  of  the  sea,  The  Pilot,  and  The  Red 
Rover  are  the  best,  as  the  five  Leather 
Stocking  Tales — the  Deerslayer,  The  Last 
of  the  Mohicans,  The  Pathfinder,  The 
Pioneers,  The  Prairie— are  the  best  of  his 
stories  of  Indian  life.  His  other  fictions 
include  The  Bravo;  Lionel  Lincoln,  or 
The  Leaguer  of  Boston;  The  Water- 
Witch;  The  Two  Admirals;  The  Wept  of 
\Vish-ton-Wish;  The  Heidenmauer;  The 
Headsman;  Homeward  Hound:  Home  as 


Found;  The  Monikins,  the  weakest  of  all 
his  works;  Mercedes  of  Castile;  Wing- 
and-Wing;  Wyandotte;  Afloat  and 
Ashore;  Satanstoe;  The  Chainbearer; 
The  Red  Skins;  Jack  Tier;  The  Crater; 
The  Oak  Openings;  The  Sea  Lions;  The 
Ways  of  the  Hour;  and  Miles  Walling- 
ford.  He  wrote,  also,  History  of  the 
United  States  Navy;  Sketches  of  Switzer 
land;  Gleanings  in  Europe,  and  Notions  of 
the  Americans.  He  died  Sept.  14,  1851,  in 
Cooperstown,  N.  Y. 

COOPER,  JOB  A.,  banker,  governor, 
was  born  Nov.  6,  1843.  His  inter 
est  in  public  affairs  led  to  his  serv 
ice  in  the  Denver  city  council  in  1876  and 
his  election  as  treasurer  of  the  state  uni 
versity  at  Boulder.  In  1889  he  was  made 
governor  of  the  state  for  two  years.  He 
was  for  some  time  president  of  the  First 
National  bank,  and  is  now  president  of 
the  National  Bank  of  Commerce. 

COOPER,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  wa& 
a  delegate  from  New  Jersey  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  in  1776. 

COOPER,  JOSEPH  ALEXANDER,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1823,  in  Somerset, 
Ky.  He  served  during  the  Mexican  war. 
In  1864  he  was  made  a  brigadier-general, 
in  which  capacity  he  commanded  on  the 
march  through  Georgia,  receiving  the 
brevet  of  major-general  in  1865.  He  held 
the  office  of  collector  of  internal  revenue 
in  Tennessee  from  1869  till  1879,  and  later,, 
again  resumed  his  farming  in  Kansas. 

COOPER,  MARK  ANTHONY,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  20,  1800,  in  Hancock 
county,  Ga.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1839  to  1843. 
He  died  March  17,  1885. 

COOPER,  MARY  CATHERINE  RYAN, 
educator,  artist,  poet,  was  born  in  1863, 
in  Louisiana.  After  receiving  a  thorough 
education  from  the  Wheeling  Female  col 
lege  of  West  Virginia,  she  entered  educa 
tional  work.  She  is  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  entitled  Poems  of  Hope;  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature, 
and  is  an  artist  of  rare  ability. 

COOPER,  MYLES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1735  in  England.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  who  came  to  America 
in  1762,  and  was  president  of  Columbia 
college  in  1763-75.  Being  an  ardent  loy 
alist,  he  was  obliged  to  leave  the  colony, 
and  returned  to  England.  He  was  the 
author  of  Friendly  Advice  to  All  Reason 
able  Americans  on  Our  Political  Confu 
sions;  Poems  on  Several  Occasions;  Ad 
dress  to  the  Episcopalians  of  Virginia, 
and  The  American  Querist.  He  died  in 
1785. 

COOPER,  PETER,  manufacturer,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1791,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  apprenticed  to  a  coach 
maker;  then  he  man 
ufactured  machines 
for  shearing  cloth; 
then  made  furni 
ture;  then  conducted 
a  grocery;  and  then 
began  the  manufac 
ture  of  glue  and  isin 
glass,  which  he  con 
tinued  for  fifty  years. 
He  also  erected  iron 
mills,  and  manufac 
tured  railroad  iron 
and  architectural 
beams,  and  built  the  first  locomotive  en 
gine  in  America.  He  became  wealthy  and 
built  the  Cooper  institute.  He  was  one 
of  the  six  capitalists  who  formed  the  first 
Atlantic  Telegraph  company  in  1854.  He 
was  the  author  of  Ideas  for  a  System  of 
Good  Government;  and  Financial  Opin 
ions,  with  Autobiography.  He  died  April 
4,  1883,  in  New  York  city. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


249> 


COOPER,  RICHARD  M.,  banker,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1768  in  Gloucester 
county,  N.  J.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from 
1829  to  1833;  served  in  the  legislature; 
and  was  president  of  the  state  bank  at 
Camden.  He  died  March  10,  1844. 

COOPER,  SAM  BRONSON,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  30,  1850,  in 
Caldwell  county,  Ky.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  county  attorney  of  Tyler  county; 
and  was  re-elected  in  1878.  In  1880  he 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate;  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

COOPER,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  June  12,  1798,  in  New  Jersey.  He  was 
appointed  adjutant  and  inspector-general 
of  the  confederate  army,  of  which  he  was 
the  ranking  officer,  standing  first  on  the 
list  of  generals.  He  was  the  author  of  A 
Concise  System  of  Instructions  and  Reg 
ulations  for  the  Militia  and  Volunteers  of 
the  United  States.  He  died  Dec.  3,  1876, 
in  Cameron,  Va. 

COOPER,    MRS.   SARAH   BROWN   IN- 
GERSOLL,    philanthropist,   author,    poet, 
was  born  Dec.  12,  1836,  in  Cazenovia,  N.  Y. 
She     graduated      in. 
/-Jte^  1853  from   the  Caze 

novia  seminary  and 
subsequently  attend 
ed  the  Troy  Female 
seminary.  During 
the  civil  war  Mrs. 
Cooper  was  elected 
president  of  the  So 
ciety  for  the  Aid  of 
Refugees;  and  taught 
a  Bible  class  of  three 
hundred  soldiers.  In 
1869  she  moved  to 

San  Francisco,  and  there  won  a  national 
reputation  in  religious  and  educational 
work.  While  the  credit  of  establishing 
the  first  free  kindergarten  in  San  Fran 
cisco  is  due  to  Prof.  Felix  Adler,  yet  the 
credit  of  the  extraordinary  success  of  the 
work  is  almost  entirely  due  to  Mrs. 
Cooper.  Nearly  half  a  million  dollars 
was  given  to  her  to  carry  on  kindergarten 
work  in  San  Francisco,  and  thousands  of 
little  children  have  been  trained  in  these 
schools.  She  was  the  founder  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Golden  Gate  Kindergarten  as 
sociation;  and  has  written  many  works  of 
vital  importance  on  the  subject  of  kin 
dergartens.  She  died  in  1896. 

COOPER,  SUSAN  FENIMORE,  author, 
was  born  in  1813  in  Scarsdale,  N.  Y.  She 
was  a  writer  of  rural  sketches,  whose 
life  was  passed  at  Cooperstown,  N.  Y., 
and  was  the  author  of  Rural  Hours; 
Country  Rambles;  Rhyme  and  Reason; 
Country  Life;  The  Shield,  a  Narrative; 
and  Mount  Vernon  and  the  Children  of 
America.  She  died  in  1894. 

COOPER,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Delaware  from  1813  to  1817. 

COOPER,  THOMAS,  scientist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  22,  1759,  in  London,  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  noted  scientist  who  came 
to  America  in  1795  with  Dr.  Priestly, 
and  was  president  of  the  college  of 
South  Carolina,  1820-34.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Letters  on  the  Slave  Trade; 
Tracts  Ethical.  Theological,  and  Political; 
Information  Concerning  America;  The 
Bankrupt  Law  of  America  compared  with 
that  of  England;  Tracts  on  Medical  Juris 
prudence;  Elements  of  Political  Econo 
my;  and  An  English  Version  of  the  In 
stitutes  of  Justinian.  He  died  Mav  11, 
1840,  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 


COOPER,  THOMAS  B.,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1823,  in 
Cooperstown,  Pa.  He  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  a  physician,  and  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  for  the  term  ending  in  1863.  He 
died  April  4,  1862,  in  Cooperstown,  Pa. 

COOPER,  W.  R.,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1839  to  1841. 

COOPER,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Jersey.  He  removed  to  Ot- 
sego  county,  New  York,  and  became  the 
founder  of  Cooperstown.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1795  to  1797,  and  again  from  1799 
to  1801.  He  was  the  father  of  the  eminent 
author,  James  Fenimore  Cooper. 

COOPER,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1694  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  famous  congregational  minister 
of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  Tract  De 
fending  Inoculation  for  the  Small  Pox; 
and  The  Doctrine  of  Predestination  unto 
Life.  He  died  Dec.  13,  1743,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

COOPER,  WILLIAM,  patriot,  was  born 
in  1720  in  Boston.  Mass.  He  was  dis 
tinguished  for  his  patriotic  services  dur 
ing  the  revolutionary  war,  and  for  forty- 
nine  years  was  town  clerk  of  Boston.  He 
died  Nov.  28,  1809. 

COOPER,  WILLIAM  B.,  governor,  was 
born  in  Delaware.  He  was  governor  of 
the  state  from  1840  to  1844.  He  died 
April  27,  1849. 

COOPER,  WILLIAM  C.,  was  born  Dec. 
18,  1832,  in  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio.  He  was 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Mount  Vernon 
from  1859  to  1863;  was  mayor  of  Mount 
Vernon  from  1862  to  1864;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  from 
1872  to  1874;  and  was  judge-advocate- 
general  of  Ohio  from  1879  to  1884.  In 
1881  he  became  a  member  of  the  board  of 
education  of  the  city  of  Mount  Vernon. 
In  1882  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
board.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fif 
tieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

COOPER,  WILLIAM  R.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  13,  1847,  in  Campbell  county, 
Tenn.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of  Knoxville, 
Tenn.,  and  a  charter  member  of  the 
Peace  commandery  and  other  orders.  He 
has  been  supreme  keeper  of  records  of 
United  Order  of  the  Golden  Cross  since 
1879;  and  has  contributed  extensively  to 
current  literature. 

COOTE,  RICHARD,  colonial  governor, 
was  born  in  1636  in  Ireland.  He  became 
governor  of  the  provinces  of  New  York 
and  New  Jersey  in  1698,  and  a  year  later 
went  to  Boston  and  succeeded  to  the 
governorship  of  Massachusetts.  He  died 
March  5,  1701,  in  New  York. 

COOTER,  JAMES  THOMAS,  clergyman, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  Dec. 
2,  1858,  in  Monticello,  Mo.  He  attended 
the  Monticello  seminary;  graduated  in 
1884  from  the  Wabash  college;  and  stud 
ied  theology  for  two  years  at  the  Prince 
ton  college,  New  Jersey,  and  one  year 
at  the  McCormick's  seminary  of  Chicago. 
He  filled  a  pastorate  in  the  Presbyterian 
church  at  Baxter  Springs,  Kan.,  during 
1887-90,  and  since  1891  has  been  president 
of  Washington  college,  Tennessee. 

COOTER,  JOHN  PATTEN,  farmer,  edu 
cator,  was  born  March  12,  1838,  in  Green 
county,  Tenn.  He  has  attained  promi 
nence  in  educational  work;  has  written 
extensively  for  the  periodical  press,  and 
many  of  his  poems  have  been  given  a 
place  in  standard  works. 


COPE,  CALEB  FREDERICK,  mer 
chant,  financier,  was  born  July  18,  1797, 
in  Greensburg,  Pa.  In  1864  he  became 
president  of  The  Philadelphia  Savings 
Fund  Society,  of  which  he  had  been  a 
director  since  1841,  and  gave  to  this  in 
stitution  the  last  twenty-four  years  of  hi& 
life.  He  died  May  12,  1888,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

COPE,  EDWARD  DRINKER,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  July  28,  1840,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  noted  Phila 
delphia  naturalist,  and  the  author  of 
Origin  of  Genera;  Extinct  Batrachia  and 
Reptilia  of  North  America;  Primary 
Groups  of  Batrachia  Anura;  Systematic 
Relations  of  the  Fishes;  Vertebrate 
Palaeontology  of  New  Mexico;  Tertiary 
Vertebrata  of  the  West;  and  The  Origin 
of  the  Fittest.  He  died  in  1897. 

COPE,  GILBERT,  genealogist,  author, 
was  born  in  1840  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is 
a  genealogist  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
author  of  Record  of  the  Cope  Family; 
The  Browns  of  Nottingham;  Genealogy 
of  the  Dutton  Family;  Genealogy  of  the 
Sharpless  Family;  and  History  of  Ches 
ter  County,  Pennsylvania. 

COPE,  THOMAS  PYM,  merchant,  was 
born  Aug.  26,  1768,  in  Lancaster  county. 
Pa.  He  began  business  for  himself  in 
1790,  importing  his  goods  latterly  in  his. 
own  vessels,  the  first  of  which  he  built  in 
1807,  and  established  in  1821  the  first  line 
of  packets  between  Philadelphia  and 
Liverpool.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Philadelphia  city  council  about  1800,  an 
efficient  member  of  the  committee  for 
introducing  water  into  the  city,  served  in 
the  legislature  in  1807,  and  in  the  state 
constitutional  convention,  was  president 
of  the  board  of  trade  for  many  years,  and 
of  the  Mercantile  library  company  from 
its  foundation  until  his  death.  He  died 
Nov.  22,  1854,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

COPELAND,  ALFRED  BRYANT, 
painter,  was  born  about  1840  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  became  art  professor  in  the 
University  of  St.  Louis,  but  about  1877 
opened  a  studio  in  Paris,  where  he  worked 
in  crayon  and  oils.  He  exhibited  church 
interiors  in  the  Paris  salon  in  1877-78, 
and  sent  to  Boston  a  collection  of  street 
scenes  in  Paris. 

COPELAND,  GEORGE  D.,  business 
man,  lawyer,  poet,  was  born  in  Wadding- 
ton,  N.  Y.  For  ten  years  he  practiced  law 
in  Goshen,  Ind.;  and  for  two  years  edited 
The  Times  of  that  city.  In  1873  he  moved 
to  San  Diego,  Cal.;  was  its  postmaster  in 
1881-86;  and  was  instrumental  in  secur 
ing  for  that  city  its  bountiful  supply  of 
pure  mountain  water,  which  is  brought 
from  the  mountains  fifty  miles  away.  He 
is  the  president  of  the  electric  railway 
and  lighting  firm  of  that  city. 

COPELAND,  JOSEPH,  business  man, 
banker,  was  born  in  1836,  in  Ulster,  Ire 
land.  For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in 
mining  in  California  and  Oregon,  and  fi 
nally  secured  controlling  interest  in  sev 
eral  gold  mines.  He  made  over  twenty 
trips  to  the  Pacific  coast;  organized  the 
First  National  bank  of  Shellsburg,  Wis., 
of  which  he  was  president  until  his  death 
in  1893. 

COPELAND,  JOSEPH  T.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  May  6,  1813,  in  New 
Castle,  Maine.  During  1846-49  he  was 
judge  of  the  St.  Clair  county  court  of 
Michigan;  was  elected  circuit  judge  in 
1851;  and  served  during  1851-57  as  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court.  He  served 
with  distinction  through  the  civil  war, 
and  was  promoted  brigadier  general  of 
volunteers. 


250 


IIERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPKU1A    OF    AMKIUCAX    BIOGRAPHY. 


COPELAND,  JOSEPH  T.,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1830  in  Michigan.  He  served 
through  the  civil  war  and  was  appointed 
a  brigadier  general  of  volunteers. 

COPELAND,  PATRICK,  pioneer,  edu 
cator.  He  was  employed  as  a  chaplain  in 
the  service  of  the  East  India  company. 
He  first  suggested  the  idea  of  a  college  in 
America,  and  may  be  justly  considered  as 
the  pioneer  of  education. 

COPLEY,  JOHN  SINGLETON,  artist, 
was  born  July  3,  1737,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  the  only  native 
painter  of  real  skill  which  the  New  World 
could  boast  before  the  Revolution,  and  to 
possess  one  of  his  portraits  Is  America's 
best  title  to  nobility.  The  Death  of  Lord 
Chatham  Is  his  masterpiece.  He  died 
Sept.  9,  1815,  in  London,  England. 

COPLEY,  LIONEL,  colonial  governor, 
was  born  probably  in  England.  After  the 
province  of  Maryland  had  been  delivered 
over  to  the  crown  by  the  protestant  as- 
sociators,  he  was  in  1691  commissioned  its 
first  royal  governor.  He  died  Sept.  12, 
1693. 

COPP,  MRS.  HELEN  RANKLIN,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1853,  in  Atlanta,  111. 
She  studied  at  the  art  institute  of  Chi 
cago,  111.,  and  received  the  only  medal 
ever  given  by  that  institution  for  sculp 
ture.  She  has  modeled  portraits  of  a 
number  of  prominent  citizens  of  Chicago, 
besides  many  ideal  works. 

COPPEE,  HENRY,  soldier,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
13,  1821,  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He  was  a 
prominent  educator,  president  of  Lehigh 
university,  1866-75,  and  professor  there 
until  his  death.  During  the  Mexican  war 
he  served  as  an  officer  in  the  American 
army.  His  most  important  work  is  a 
History  of  the  Conquest  of  Spain  by  the 
Arab  Moors,  which  takes  up  the  narrative 
at  the  period  reached  at  the  close  of 
Irving's  Mahomet  and  his  Successors. 
His  other  works  comprise  Elements  of 
Logic;  Elements  of  Rhetoric;  Grant  and 
his  Campaigns;  Manual  of  Battalion 
Drill;  Evolutions  of  the  Line;  and  Man 
ual  of  Court  Martial.  He  died  in  1895. 

COPPIN,  LEVI  J.,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  24,  1848,  in  Cecil  county, 
Md.  He  is  the  manager  of  the  A.  M.  E. 
Church  Review,  and  the  author  of  The 
Relations  of  Baptized  Children  to  the 
€hurch. 

COPPINGER,  JOHN  J.,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1835  in  Ireland.  He  joined  the 
papal  guards  to  fight  against  Victor  Em 
manuel.  He  came  to  America  with  let 
ters  from  Archbishop  Hughes,  and  in  1861 
was  made  captain  in  the  fourteenth  in 
fantry.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was 
•colonel  of  the  fifteenth  New  York  cavalry. 
He  made  a  brilliant  record  and  was  brev- 
etted  lieutenant-colonel  at  Trevlllians, 
Va.  After  the  war  he  was  transferred  to 
the  twenty-third  United  States  infantry, 
and  was  brevetted  colonel  in  battles  with 
the  Indians  in  1866,  1867  and  1868.  He 
was  commissioned  major-general  in  1898. 

COPWAY,  GEORGE,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  August,  1820,  in  Michigan.  He  is 
an  Indian  of  the  OJibway  tribe  who  was  a 
journalist  in  New  York  city,  and  was 
well  known  as  a  lecturer.  He  was  the 
author  of  Recollections  of  a  Forest  Life; 
Copway's  American  Indian;  The  Tradi 
tional  History  of  the  Ojibway  Nation; 
The  Ojibway  Conquest,  a  poem;  and 
Running  Sketches  of  Men  and  Places  in 
Europe. 

CORAY,  GEORGE  Q.,  educator,  librar 
ian,  was  born  in  November,  1857.  in 
Provo,  Utah.  He  is  a  graduate  of  Cornell 
and  librarian  of  the  university  of  Utah. 


CORBETT,  HENRY  WINSLOW,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1827,  in  West- 
borounh,  .Mass.  While  successful  as  a 
merchant  he  has  not 
confined  his  enter 
prise  to  that  field, 
but  has  also  engaged 
in  steam  transporta 
tion,  and  was  at  one 
time  mail  contractor 
between  Oregon  and 
California  overland, 
stocking  the  road  in 
1866  with  Concord 
coaches  for  740 
miles.  His  contract 
with  the  government 
amounted  to  $179,000  per  year.  As  he 
gained  the  means  he  then  became  a  large 
buyer  of  choice  real  estate  in  Portland, 
and  has  recently  built  a  number  of  busi 
ness  blocks.  He  is  now  one  of  the  largest 
owners  of  improved  property  in  the  city, 
and  pays  taxes  on  about  $850,000  worth  of 
realty.  He  served  during  1867-73  in  the 
United  States  senate  as  a  union  republi 
can. 

CORBIN,  AUSTIN,  railroad  president, 
financier,  was  born  July  11,  1827,  in  New 
port,  N.  H.  He  is  now  president  of  the 
Long  Island  railroad,  the  Elmira,  Cort- 
land  and  Northern  railroad,  the  Manhat 
tan  Beach  company,  the  Manhattan  Beach 
Hotel  and  Land  company,  and  the  New 
York  and  Roekaway  Beach  railway. 

CORBIN,  MRS.  CAROLINE  ELIZA 
BETH,  author,  was  born  in  1835  in  Con 
necticut.  She  is  a  Chicago  writer  of  fic 
tion  and  other  works,  and  the  author  of 
Rebecca;  His  Marriage  Vow;  Belle  and 
the  Boys;  and  A  Woman's  Philosophy  of 
hove,  a  psychological  treatise. 

CORBIN,  D.  C.,  railroad  president,  was 
born  in  1837  in  New  Hampshire.  He  is 
president  of  the  Spokane  Falls  and  North 
ern  railway;  and  also  of  the  Nelson  and 
Fort  Sheppard  railway. 

CORBIN,  HENRY  CLARK,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  the  adjutant  at 
the  inaugurations  of  Garfield,  Cleveland, 
Harrison  and  McKinley.  He  headed  the 
remarkable  procession  of  the  centennial 
at  New  York  in  1889  and  has  been  the 
marshal  in  other  great  affairs  of  that 
kind.  He  entered  the  army  as  a  volun 
teer.  After  the  civil  war  he  passed  a  sat 
isfactory  examination  and  was  accepted 
as  an  officer  in  the  regular  army.  He  has 
always,  since  the  time  of  Lincoln,  been 
very  near  the  person  of  the  president. 
He  is  adjutant  to  President  McKinley  in 
the  president's  capacity  as  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  army. 

CORBIN,  HORACE,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  21,  1827,  in  Tioga 
county,  Ind.  In  1852  he  was  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney,  and 
in  1862  he  was 
chosen  to  the  state 
senate,  where  he 
•  served  four  sessions. 
'  In  1873,  when  Ply 
mouth  first  became  a 
city,  he  was  elected 
its  mayor.  In  1875 
he  was  tendered  by 
Governor  Hendricks 
the  appointment  of 
judge  of  the  circuit 
court,  which  he  ac 
cepted,  filling  the  office  with  credit  to 
himself  and  the  satisfaction  of  the  dis 
trict,  until  the  fall  of  1876,  when  he  was 
named  bv  the  democratic  party  for  the 
.-nun'  position.  « 

CORBIN,  JOHN,  author,  was  born  in 
1870  in  Illinois.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Elizabethan  Hamlet. 


CORBIN,  JOSEPH  CARTER,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  March  26, 
1833,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  He  graduated 
in  1853  from  the  Ohio  university.  He 
has  been  state  superintendent  of  educa 
tion  of  Arkansas  and  for  the  past  twenty 
years  president  of  the  Branch  Normal  col 
lege  of  Pine  Bluff,  Ark.  He  is' a  promi 
nent  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  of 
which  he  has  been  grand  secretary. 

CORBUSIER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  sur 
geon,  ethnologist,  was  born  April  10,  1844, 
in  New  York  city.  He  graduated  in  medi 
cine  from  the  Bellevue  hospital  and  medi 
cal  college  of  New  York  city.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  in  the  field  as  acting 
assistant  surgeon.  He  is  now  surgeon  in 
the  United  States  army,  stationed  at  Fort 
Monroe,  Va.  While  doing  duty  on  the 
frontier  he  wrote  vocabularies  of  the 
Mojave  and  Yavapai  dialects  of  the  Yuma 
language;  discovered  several  winter 
counts,  counts  back,  or  calendars  among 
the  Dakotas;  and  studied  the  symbols, 
pictographs  and  sign  language  of  the 
North  American  Indians. 

CORBY,    WILLIAM,    educator,    college 
president,  was  born  Oct.   2,  1833,   in  De 
troit,  Mich.     As  chaplain  of  a  New  York 
cavalry  regiment  he 
^k  left  for  the  army  of 

^^^^^^^  the      Potomac.       He 

^••^1  |^       |   was      through      Mc- 
^B       !   Clellan's       campaign 
r^        J      3   on     the      peninsula, 
3^"^1       |   and  was    afterwards 
Aj       j   commanded  byBurn- 
J   side,  Hooker,  Meade, 
I    and   Grant.     In   1866 
^^^^^*|l^^^      ho    was   made   presi- 
^^1 

I    perior       at        Notre 
Dame.      In    1872    he 

was  appointed  the  pastor  at  Watertown, 
Wis.,  holding  this  place  until  1877,  when 
he  was  chosen  president  of  Notre  Dame 
for  a  second  time. 

CORCORAN,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
jurist,  public   official,  was  born  June  14, 
1853,    in    Batavia,    N.    Y.       He  received 
ili<'       riiiliiiirnts       of 
.^IBtow  nis       education       in 

the  Clinton  public 
schools;  attended 
the  College  of  the 
Holy  Cross  of  Wor- 
'«  f  cester,  Mass.;  the 

St.  John's  university, 
and  the  Boston  uni 
versity.  He  has  a 
large  law  business  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  and 
resides  in  Clinton. 
He  has  been  judge  of 
the  superior  court;  judge  advocate  gen 
eral;  was  chairman  of  the  democratic 
state  committee  four  times;  and  was 
twice  the  chairman  of  the  state  delega 
tion  to  the  national  convention.  For 
twenty-two  years  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Clinton  school  committee,  serving 
fifteen  years  as  chairman.  He  was  city 
solicitor  of  Clinton  for  ten  years;  water 
commissioner,  secretary,  treasurer  and 
chairman  for  fifteen  years;  was  chairman 
of  the  Massachusetts  board  of  managers 
at  the  World's  Columbian  exposition; 
and  has  filled  numerous  positions  of 
honor  in  his  city,  county  and  state. 

CORCORAN,  MICHAEL,  soldier,  was 
born  Sept.  21,  1827,  in  Ireland.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  with  distinction;  or 
ganized  the  Corcoran  legion,  and  was 
made  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He 
died  Dec.  23,  1863,  near  Sawyer's  Station, 
Va. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


251 


CORCORAN,  WILLIAM  WILSON, 
banker,  philanthropist,  was  born  Dec.  27, 
1798,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.  The  state 
department  selected  him  as  its  financial 
agent  in  1841;  and  in  1842  George  W. 
Riggs  and  he  founded  the  afterward  fa 
mous  banking  house  of  Corcoran  and 
Riggs,  which  rose  into  prominence 
through  sales  of  government  bonds  at  the 
time  of  the  Mexican  war  and  later.  He 
earned  the  title  of  philanthropist  by  num 
berless  gifts,  which  amounted  during  his 
lifetime  to  about  $4,000,000.  He  died 
Feb.  24,  1888,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CORDLEY,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  was 
born  Sept.  6,  1829,  in  Nottingham,  Eng 
land.  During  1850-54  he  attended  the 
Michigan  university; 
and  the  three  years 
following  studied  at 
theAndover  Theolog 
ical  seminary;  and 
graduated  with  hon 
ors  from  both  insti 
tutions.  In  1857  he 
moved  to  Kansas 
and  preached  his 
first  sermon  as  pas 
tor  of  the  Plymouth 
church  of  Lawrence, 
which  position  he 
filled  for  eighteen  years.  During  1875-78 
he  was  pastor  of  the  congregational 
church  of  Flint,  Mich.;  during  1878-84  in 
the  congregational  church  of  Emporia, 
Kan.;  when  he  again  became  pastor  for 
the  second  time  of  the  Plymouth  church 
of  Lawrence,  Kan.  During  all  the  busy 
years  of  his  ministry  he  has  been  a  fre 
quent  and  valued  correspondent  of  the 
religious  press.  He  is  often  called  The 
Nugget  Preacher,  because  his  short  and 
original  sermons  teem  with  golden  nug 
gets  of  thought. 

CORDOVA,  ALFRED  DE,  stock  broker, 
was  born  Aug.  19,  1848,  in  Jamaica.  First 
a  broker  in  petroleum,  he  purchased  a 
seat  in  the  stock  exchange  of  New  York 
city  in  1875.  and  his  firm  of  Alfred  de 
Cordova  and  Son  have  since  been  suc 
cessful  in  the  brokerage  of  stocks.  In 
1894  he  was  elected  a  governor  of  the 
stock  exchange  of  New  York  city. 

CORE,  JESSE  FRANKLIN,  soldier, 
clergyman,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1846,  in 
Hillsboro,  Pa.  He  served  gallantly  as  a 
soldier  in  the  civil  war,  and  was  twice 
wounded.  He  attended  the  Methodist 
college  of  Millersburg,  Ky. ;  and  received 
the  degree  of  D.  D.  from  Waynesburg 
college.  He  was  twice  presiding  elder  in 
the  Pittsburg  conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church;  and  twice  a  member 
of  the  General  conference  of  that  denomi 
nation.  He  is  also  well  known  as  a 
brilliant  pulpit  orator  and  lecturer;  has 
served  many  of  the  best  churches  in  his 
conference;  and  was  offered  the  nomina 
tion  for  congress. 

COREY,  CHARLES  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1834,  in  Canaan, 
N.  B.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  principal 
of  the  Augusta  institute,  Augusta,  Ga., 
and  in  the  next  year  was  transferred  to 
Richmond,  Va.,  as  president  of  an  insti 
tution  for  the  training  of  colored  preach 
ers  and  teachers. 

CORLET,  ELIJAH,  educator,  was  born 
in  1611  in  London,  England.  He  estab 
lished  himself  in  Cambridge  soon  after 
the  settlement  of  the  town,  and  taught 
the  grammar  school  there  for  forty-six 
years.  The  society  for  the  propagation 
of  the  gospel  compensated  him  for  pre 
paring  Indian  scholars  for  the  univer 
sity.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1687,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass. 


CORLETT,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  10,  1842,  in  Con 
cord,  Ohio.  He  was  appointed  postmaster 
at  Cheyenne,  Wyoming  territory,  in  1870; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  council  in  the 
territorial  assembly  in  1871.  He  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney  for  Laramie 
county  in  1872,  1873  and  1875;  and  was 
elected  a  delegate  from  the  territory  of 
Wyoming  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

CORLEY,  •  MANUEL  SIMEON,  mer 
chant,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  10,  1823,  in  Lexington  county,  S.  C. 
During  1854-56  he  was  editor  and  owner 
of  the  South  Carolina  Temperance  Stand 
ard.  In  his  youth  he  was  apprenticed  to 
learn  the  tailor's  trade,  and  became  a  suc 
cessful  merchant  tailor  of  Lexington, 
S.  C.  In  1868  he  was  a  member  of 
the  South  Carolina  constitutional  conven 
tion;  and  in  1868-69  a  member  of  the  for 
tieth  congress.  He  has  been  United 
States  treasury  agent;  chief  of  South 
Carolina  bureau  of  agricultural  statistics; 
and  treasure'.1  of  his  county.  From  boy 
hood  he  has  loved  freedom  and  hated 
slavery,  and  his  utterances  on  these  ques 
tions  for  a  long  time  imperiled  his  life. 

CORLISS,  GEORGE  HENRY,  inventor, 
was  born  June  2,  1817,  in  Easton,  N.  Y. 
He  invented  many  ingenious  devices, 
among  which  is  a  machine  for  cutting 
the  cogs  of  bevel-wheels,  an  improved 
boiler,  with  condensing  apparatus  for  ma 
rine-engines,  and  pumping-engines  for 
water  works.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Rhode  Island  legislature  in  1868-70,  and 
was  a  republican  presidential  elector  in 
1876.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1888,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I. 

CORLISS,  GUY  C.  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  4,  1858,  in  Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y.  In  1879  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  and  in  1886  moved  to  Grand  Forks, 
N.  D.  In  1889  he  was  elected  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  North  Da 
kota,  which  office  he  still  fills. 

CORLISS,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Richford,  Vt.  He  was 
elected  city  attorney  of  Detroit  in  1881 
and  re-elected  in  1883;  during  his  four 
years'  incumbency  of  the  office  of  city 
attorney  he  prepared  the  first  complete 
charter  o'f  Detroit,  which  was  passed  by 
the  legislature  in  1884  and  is  still  the  fun 
damental  law  of  the  municipality.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

CORLISS,  MRS.  MARY  E.,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1832,  in  Great  Falls,  N.  H.  Her 
poems  have  appeared  in  the  periodical 
press.  She  has  collected  her  poems  and 
published  them  in  book  form. 

CORNABY,  MRS.  HANNAH,  poet,  was 
born  March  17,  1822,  in  England.  In  1881 
she  published  a  volume  entitled  Autobi 
ography  and  Poems,  which  attracted 
considerable  attention  in  her  native  state. 

CORNELIUS,  ELIAS,  physician  and  pa 
triot,  was  born  in -1758  on  Long  Island. 
He  obtained  the  appointment  of  surgeon's 
mate  in  the  second  Rhode  Island  regi 
ment.  He  was  captured  and  confined  in 
the  prison-ship  Jersey,  but  escaped  in 
March,  1778,  rejoined  the  army,  and  con 
tinued  with  it  till  1781.  In  later  years  he 
obtained  a  large  practice.  He  died  June 
13,  1823,  in  Somers,  N.  Y. 

CORNELIUS,  ELIAS,  educator,  mis 
sionary,  author,  was  born  July  31,  1794,  in 
Somers,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  missionary  to 
the  Cherokee  Indians  who  wrote  The 
Little  Osage  Captive,  an  Authentic  Nar 
rative.  He  died  Feb.  12,  1832,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 


CORNELL,  ALONZO  BARTON,  gover 
nor  of  New  York  during  1880-83,  was  born 
Jan.  22,  1832,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  re 
ceived  an  academic 
education,  and  at  an 
early  age  engaged  in 
the  telegraph  busi- 
ness,  and  became 
operator,  manager, 
superintendent,  di 
rector,  vice-president 
and  acting  president 
of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph 
company.  He  is  the 
son  of  the  late  Ezra. 
Cornell,  the  founder 
of  the  Cornell  university,  who  was  asso 
ciated  with  Prof.  Morse  in  the  early 
development  of  the  electric  telegraph.  In 
1872  he  was  elected  to  the  legislative  as 
sembly  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and 
was  chosen  speaker.  Jan.  1,  1880,  he  was 
inaugurated  governor  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  and  served  with  distinction  for 
three  years.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of 
Cornell  university  from  its  foundation; 
and  president  of  the  Cornell  library  as 
sociation.  His  only  publication  is  True 
and  Firm,  a  Biography  of  Ezra  Cornell, 
a  Filial  Tribute. 

CORNELL,  EZEKIEL,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Scituate,  R.  I. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  continental  con 
gress  in  1780-83,  and  chairman  of  the  mili 
tary  committee.  He  was  a  mechanic  be 
fore  the  war,  but  was  self-educated,  and 
established  a  valuable  library  in  his  na 
tive  town. 

CORNELL,  EZRA,  pioneer,  was  born 
Jan.  11,  1807,  in  Westchester,  N.  Y.  When 
congress  had  appropriated  $30,000  to  build 
a  telegraph  line  from  Washington  to  Bal 
timore,  and  Mr.  Cornell  invented  a  ma 
chine  to  be  drawn  by  eight  mules  for  lay 
ing  the  wires  underground  and  was  em 
ployed  as  superintendent  to  carry  out  his 
idea.  Next  year  a  line  was  built  by  him 
under  contract  from  New  York  to  Phila 
delphia,  and  in  1846  one  from  New  York 
to  Albany.  In  1847  he  organized  a  com 
pany  and  built  a  telegraph  line  from  Troy 
to  Montreal,  and  in  1848  formed  the  New 
York  and  Erie  and  the  Erie  and  Michigan 
Telegraph  companies,  to  construct  lines 
from  New  York  to  Lake  Erie  and  thence 
to  Milwaukee.  He  gave  a  $75,000  building 
to  Ithaca  for  a  free  library  and  made  a 
further  gift  for  books.  For  the  founding 
of  Cornell  university  he  gave  nearly  a 
million  dollars  and  so  located  the  agri 
cultural  college  land  grant,  which  New 
York  state  had  transferred  to  the  univer 
sity,  that  it  produced  three  or  four  times 
its  original  value. 

CORNELL,  JOHN  BLACK,  manufact 
urer,  inventor,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1821,  in 
Long  Island,  N.  Y.  In  1847,  with  his 
brother,  W.  W.  Cornell,  he  opened  a  fac 
tory  in  New  York,  which  subsequently 
grew  to  large  proportions.  At  these 
works  the  proprietors  made  an  immense 
amount  of  architectural  iron,  including 
the  iron  for  the  elevated  railroads  in  New 
York  city.  He  died  Oct.  27,  1887,  in  Lake- 
wood,  N.  J. 

CORNELL,  JOHN  HENRY,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  May  8,  1828,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  musician  and  or 
ganist  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author 
of  Primer  of  Modern  Musical  Tonality; 
Practice  of  Sight -Singing;  Easy  Method 
of  Modulation;  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Musical  Form;  A  Manual  of  Roman 
Chant;  and  Congregational  Tune  Book. 
He  died  in  1894. 


252 


HKKKINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AAIERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CORNELL,  JOHN  M.,  iron  manufac 
turer,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1846,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  taken  into  partner 
ship  with  J.  B.  and  J.  M.  (Jornell,  and 
since  1887  has  been  sole  proprietor  of  the 
works.  Some  of  the  most  conspicuous 
buildings  in  New  York  city,  erected  since 
the  era  of  gigantic  structures  began,  about 
twenty  years  ago,  have  been  supplied  with 
the  interior  frame  work,  which  supports 
all  the  rest,  from  the  Cornell  shops. 

CORNELL.  THOMAS,  banker,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1814,  in 
White  Plains,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
fortieth  congress  in  1866;  and  in  1880  was 
elected  to  the  forty-seventh  congress  as  a 
republican. 

CORNELL,  WILLIAM  MASON,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1802,  in 
Berkley,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Boston  and  elsewhere,  and  the  author  of 
Robert  Raikes,  the  Founder  of  Sunday 
Schools;  Life  of  Horace  Greeley;  Gram 
mar  of  the  English  Language;  Consump 
tion  Prevented;  Treatise  on  Epilepsy; 
and  History  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died  in 
1895. 

CORNELL,  WILLIAM  W.,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1823,  on  Long 
Island.  He  established  an  extensive  busi 
ness  as  an  iron-founder  in  New  York  city, 
was  a  liberal  giver  to  benevolent  objects, 
especially  for  the  erection  of  churches 
for  the  methodist  denominations,  and 
founded  Cornell  college  at  Mount  Vernon, 
Iowa.  He  died  March  17,  1870,  in  New 
York  city. 

CORNING,  ERASTUS,  railroad  presi 
dent,  banker,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
14,  1794,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  In  1814  he 
moved  to  Albany,  and  continued  in  the 
hardware  business,  establishing  the  well- 
known  house,  still  in  existence,  of  Erastus 
Corning  and  Co.  His  first  public  posi 
tion  was  that  of  alderman  of  the  city  of 
Albany;  from  that  he  was  promoted  to 
mayor;  and  was  also  for  several  years  an 
influential  railroad,  bank,  and  canal  com 
pany  president.  For  several  terms  he  was 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress.  In  1860  he  was  elected  to 
the  thirty-seventh  congress;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He 
died  April  9,  1872,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

CORNING,  WARREN  HALMES,  was 
born  Feb.  18,  1841,  in  Painesville,  Ohio. 
In  1887  he  sold  the  Monarch  Distilling 
Co.,  of  Peoria,  111.,  upon  satisfactory 
terms  to  the  Distilling  and  Cattle  Feeding 
Co.,  and  retired  with  well  earned  laurels 
from  the  company.  Released  from  the 
exacting  routine  of  daily  attention  to  a 
large  establishment,  Mr.  Corning  then 
gave  his  attention  to  other  things.  He 
made  large  investments  in  various  insti 
tutions,  including  the  Standard  Sewing 
Machine  Co.,  the  Wick  Banking  and  Trust 
Co.,  the  First  National  bank,  and  the 
Guardian  Trust  Co.  of  Cleveland. 

CORNISH,  JOHNSTON,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Hunterdon  county,  N.  J.  He  entered  the 
Cornish  Piano  and  Organ  company  as 
junior  partner,  and  became  the  manager 
of  that  institution.  He  was  elected  mayor 
of  Washington  in  1884,  when  only  twenty- 
five  years  old,  and  re-elected  in  1886.  He 
was  elected  state  senator  in  1890,  and  to 
the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

CORNWALL,  HENRY  BEDINGER, 
mineralogist,  author,  was  born  July  29, 
1844,  in  Southport,  Conn.  He  is  a  pro 
fessor  of  mineralogy  at  Princeton  college 
since  1873,  who  has  published  A  Manual 
of  Blow-Pipe  Analysis. 


of  1884; 


CORNWALLIS,  KINAHAN,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1837,  in  London, 
England.  He  published  in  London  fifteen 
novels  of  travel,  history  and  poetry  prior 
to  coming  to  America.  During  1860-66  he 
was  editor  and  owner  of  the  Knicker 
bocker  Magazine,  and  also  financial  editor 
of  the  New  York  Herald  during  1861-69. 
He  then  became  editor  and  proprietor  of 
The  Albion,  and  in  1886  established  The 
Daily  Investigator  of  New  York  city,  of 
which  he  is  still  editor  and  proprietor. 
In  1892  he  published  a  volume  of  poems, 
and  in  1893  The  Conquest  of  Mexico  and 
Peru.  His  other  works  are  Yarra  Yarra, 
or  the  Wandering  Aborigine,  a  Poetical 
Narrative;  The  New  Eldorado  of  British 
Columbia;  Wreck  and  Ruin,  or  Modern 
Society;  My  Life  and  Adventures,  an  Au 
tobiography;  Adrift  with  a  Vengeance; 
Pilgrims  of  Fashion;  and  The  Gold  Room 
and  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange. 

CORNWELL.  GEORGE  RATHBUN, 
bookseller,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  24, 
1836,  in  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y.,  where  for  over 
forty  years  he  was 
successfully  engaged 
in  business.  During 
1872-97  he  was  trus 
tee  of  the  Union 
school;  and  in  1891- 
94  president  of  the 
board  of  education. 
During  1882-84  he 
was  chairman  of  the 
Y  a  t  e  s  republican 
committee;  national 
delegate  to  the  re 
publican  convention 
member  of  the  New  York  as 
sembly  in  1887-88;  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention  in  1894;  and 
in  1884,  1886,  and  1888  was  a  candidate  for 
congress  from  Yates  county. 

CORNWELL,  HENRY  SYLVESTwR. 
physician,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1831 
in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  a  physician 
of  New  London,  Conn.,  who  wrote 
much  thoughtful  verse.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Land  of  Dreams  and  Other 
Poems  (1879).  which  is  the  only  collec 
tion  that  has  been  made  of  his  poems.  He 
died  in  1896. 

CORNWELL,  WILLIAM  CARYL,  bank 
er,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1851,  in  Lyons,  N.  Y. 
He  organized  the  City  bank  of  Buffalo  in 
1893,  and  was  made  president  of  the  insti 
tution. 

CORR,  ALBERT  C.,  physician,  was 
born  Feb.  10,  1840,  in  Carlinville,  111.  In 
1868  he  graduated  in  medicine  from  the 
Northwestern  university  of  Chicago.  For 
seventeen  years  he  practiced  general 
medicine;  and  since  1886  has  restricted 
liis  practice  to  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear 
and  throat.  He  is  a  member  of  the  lead 
ing  medical  societies,  and  president  of 
Illinois  State  Medical  society.  He  has 
contributed  papers  to  the  deliberations  of 
many  medical  and  scientific  bodies. 

CORR,  LUCINDA  H.,  physician,  was 
born  March  9,  1844,  in  Carlinville,  111. 
She  graduated  in  1874  from  the  Woman's 
medical  department  of  the  Northwestern 
university  of  Chicago.  After  five  years' 
general  practice  she  restricted  her  prac 
tice  to  diseases  of  women  and  girls.  She 
is  the  wife  of  Dr.  Albert  C.  Corr,  and  a 
pioneer  in  the  state  of  Illinois. 

CORRICK,  FRANK  PERLEY,  journal 
ist,  was  born  July  17,  1866,  in  Appanoose 
county,  Iowa.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Tribune  of  Cozad,  Neb.  He  has 
filled  several  public  positions;  and  has 
been  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  of 
the  Nebraska  division  of  the  Sons  of 
Veterans. 


CORRIGAN,  MICHAEL  AUGUSTINE, 
Roman  catholic  prelate,  was  born  Aug.  13^ 
1839,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  In  1885  Arch 
bishop  Corrigan  became  metropolitan  of 
the  diocese  of  New  York. 

CORRIGAN,  THOMAS,  capitalist,  was 
born  Dec.  31,  1825,  in  Canada.  He  was 
owner  of  all  the  street  railways,  except 
one,  in  Kansas  City;  but  in  1883  he  sold 
his  entire  railway  system  to  the  Metro 
politan  Street  Railway  company.  He  died 
March  1,  1894,  in  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

CORSE.  JOHN  MURRAY,  soldier,  was 
born  April  27,  1835,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He 
attended  West  Point  and  served  through 
the  civil  war.  He 
was  colonel  of  the 
sixth  regiment  Iowa 
volunteer  infantry, 
and  distinguished 
himself  at  Chicka- 
mauga.  In  1863  he 
was  made  brigadier- 
general  of  volun 
teers.  In  1864  he 
defended  Altoona 
with  success  against 
a  superior  force  of 
confederates,  and 
commanded  a  division  of  Sherman's  army 
in  its  march  to  Georgia  and  the  Caro- 
linas.  In  1864  he  received  the  brevet  of 
major-general.  In  1867-69  he  was  collec 
tor  of  internal  revenue  in  Chicago,  111.; 
and  subsequently  built  several  hundred 
miles  of  railroad  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Chicago.  In  1886  he  was  appointed  post 
master  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  died  April 
27,  1893. 

CORSE,  MONTGOMERY  DENT,  sol 
dier,  banker,  was  born  March  14,  1816,  in 
Alexandria,  D.  C.  He  was  a  captain  in 
the  Mexican  war,  and  lived  in  California 
from  1849  till  1856,  when  he  returned  to 
Virginia  and  became  a  banker  in  Alexan 
dria.  He  entered  the  confederate  service 
in  1861  as  colonel;  and  was  commissioned 
a  brigadier-general  in  1862.  After  the 
war  he  resumed  the  business  of  a  banker 
and  broker  at  Alexandria  till  1874. 

CORSON,  GEORGE  NORMAN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  lecturer,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  March  11,  1833,  in  Montgomery 
county,  Pa.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Freemont  seminary  of  Norristown, 
and  the  Ursinus  college  of  Collegeville. 
During  the  war  he  enlisted  as  a  private 
soldier  under  the  first  call  issued  by 
Abraham  Lincoln  in  April,  1861,  till  term 
of  enlistment  expired.  In  18u6  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  his  profession  at  Norristown,  Pa. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  city  coun 
cil;  register  in  bankruptcy  for  Lehigh 
and  Montgomery  counties;  and  a  member 
of  the  constitutional  convention  of  Penn 
sylvania  of  1872  and  1873.  He  has  trav 
eled  extensively  in  Europe,  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  many  lectures  and  poems;  and 
wrote  the  poem  for  the  celebration  of  the 
one  hundredth  anniversary  of  Montgom 
ery  county  in  1884.  For  two  years  he 
edited  the  Norristown  Independent. 

CORSON,  HIRAM,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  6,  1828,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  a  Chaucerian  and  Early  Eng 
lish  scholar,  professor  at  Cornell  univer 
sity  since  1870,  and  the  author  of  The 
Voice  and  Spiritual  Education;  Elocu 
tionary  Manual;  Jottings  on  the  Text  of 
Hamlet;  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 
Browning;  Lectures  on  English  Lan 
guage  and  Literature;  The  Aims  of  Lit 
erary  Study;  Vocal  Culture  in  Relation 
to  Literary  Study;  Thesaurus  of  Early 
English;  and  Handbook  of  Anglo-Saxon 
and  Early  English.  He  has  also  edited 
Chaucer's  Legende  of  Goode  Women. 


HKRKINGSHAWS    KNCYCLOPKUIA    OF    AMKKICAX    UK  ><  ;it.\  I'M  Y. 


253 


CORSON,  JULIET,  instructor,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1842,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
She  was  a  cooking  instructor  of  New 
York,  founder  of  the  School  of  Cooking 
there  in  1876;  and  was  the  author  of 
Cooking  Manual;  Cooking  School  Text- 
Book;  Twenty-Five  Cent  Dinners  for 
Families  of  Six;  Meals  for  the  Million; 
Practical  American  Cookery;  Family 
Living  on  Five  Hundred  Dollars  a  Year; 
and  Diet  for  Invalids  and  Children.  She 
died  in  1897. 

CORT,  THOMAS,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  1834  in  England.  He  settled  in 
Newark  in  1847,  and  began  business  for 
himself  in  the  manufacture  of  high  grade 
walking  and  lawn  tennis  shoes,  being 
among  the  first  engaged  in  this  specialty 
in  America. 

CORTHELL,  ELMER  LAWRENCE, 
civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  30. 
1840,  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a  civil  en 
gineer  of  distinction,  and  the  author  of 
History  of  the  Jetties  at  the  Mouth  of  the 
Mississippi. 

CORWIN,  EDWARD  T.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  12,  1834,  in  New  York 
city.  Since  1857  he  has  filled  pastorates 
in  various  cities  in  the  Reformed  church, 
and  is  the  official  historian  of  the  Re 
formed  Church  in  America.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  several  works,  and  since  1897  has 
been  engaged  in  historical  researches  at 
Amsterdam,  Holland.  His  works  are: 
Manual  of  the  Reformed  Protestant 
Dutch  Church  in  North  America;  Manual 
of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America;  and 
Corwin  Genealogy. 

CORWIN,  FRANKLIN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  12,  1818,  in 
Lebanon,  Ohio.  He  served  several  years 
in  the  state  legislature  of  Ohio,  and  part 
•of  the  time  in  the  senate.  He  moved  to 
Illinois  in  1857;  and  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  of  that  state,  serving  two  years 
•as  speaker.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third  congress  as  a  republican. 

CORWIN,  MOSES  B.,  lawyer,'  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1790,  in  Bourbon 
county,  Ky.  In  1838  and  1839  he  was 
elected  to  the  legislature;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1849  to  1851,  and  from  1853  to  1855.  He 
•died  April  7,  1872,  in  Urbana,  Ohio. 

CORWIN,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  statesman, 
was  born  July  29,  1794,  in  Bourbon  county, 
Ky.  He  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  legisla 
ture  in  1822,  and  a  representative  to  con 
gress  from  the  Warren  district  in  1831, 
in  which  position  he  continued  until  1840. 
He  was  chosen  governor  of  Ohio  in  Oc 
tober  of  that  year.  In  1845  he  was  elected 
United  States  senator,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  appointment  in  the  cabinet,  in 
1850,  as  secretary  of  the  treasury,  under 
President  Fillmore.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1865, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CORWINE,  AMOS  BRECKINRIDGE, 
journalist,  was  born  in  1815  in  Maysville, 
Ky.  He  served  during  the  Mexican  war, 
being  a  lieutenant  in  the  Mississippi  regi 
ment  commanded  by  Jefferson  Davis,  and 
was  severely  wounded  at  Buena  Vista. 
After  that  war,  in  partnership  with  his 
brother  Samuel,  he  edited  the  Cincinnati 
Chronicle.  During  the  administrations  of 
Presidents  Tyler  and  Fillmore  he  was 
United  States  consul  at  Panama.  In  1856 
he  was  sent  by  President  Pierce  to  inves 
tigate  the  Panama  massacres,  and  on  his 
report  were  based  the  treaty  and  adjust 
ment  of  damages  between  the  United 
States  and  New  Granada.  He  was  reap- 
pointed  consul,  and  remained  in  Panama 
until  1861.  He  died  June  22,  1880,  in  New 
Rochelle,  Ohio. 


CORY,  SALLY  MORRIS,  artist,  de 
signer,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1863,  in  New 
York  city.  She  has  attained  success  as 
an  artist  and  designer;  is  the  illustrator 
for  the  Armstrong  Press  Syndicate  of 
New  York  city;  and  holds  an  art  medal 
for  book-cover  designing. 

COSAND,  SAMUEL  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  June  27,  1843,  in  Boone  county, 
Ind.  In  1860  he  graduated  from  the 
Thorntown  academy  with  the  degree  of 
B.  S.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier  dur 
ing  the  civil  war  in  Company  B,  seventy- 
second  regiment  Indiana  volunteer  infan 
try.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Gettys 
burg,  S.  D.,  and  has  served  as  state's  at 
torney  of  Potter  county. 

COSBY,  FORTUNATUS,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  May  2,  1801,  in  Louisville, 
Ky.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  school 
board  of  trustees,  and  later  superinten 
dent  of  public  schools  in  Philadelphia. 
In  1846  he  edited  the  Examiner,  the  first 
Kentucky  paper  devoted  to  the  cause  of 
Hegro  emancipation.  His  best  known 
poems  are  Ode  to  the  Mocking  Bird;  The 
Traveler  in  the  Desert;  A  Dream  of  Long 
Ago;  and  Fireside  Fancies. 

COSBY,  WILLIAM,  governor  of  New 
York,  was  born  about  1695.  After  serving 
as  a  colonel  in  the  army,  and  being  gover 
nor  of  Minorca  and  of  the  Leeward 
islands,  he  became  governor  of  New  York 
in  1731,  and  held  the  office  till  his  death. 
He  died  March  10,  1736,  in  New  York  city. 

COSGROVE,  HENRY,  Roman  catholic 
bishop,  was  born  in  1834  in  Williamsport, 
Pa.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Du- 
buque  when  eleven 
years  old.  He  was 
ordained  in  1857,  and 
appointed  assistant 
pastor  of  St.  Mary's, 
Davenport.  He  be 
came  pastor  of  Dav 
enport,  Iowa,  in 
1862,  and  shortly  af 
terward  erected  a 
church  and  school. 
He  was  appointed 
vicar-general  of  the 
diocese  in  1882.  On 
the  death  of  Bishop  McMullen  he  was  se 
lected  as  administrator;  and  in  1884  was 
proposed  to  the  holy  see  as  his  successor 
in  the  bishopric  of  Davenport.  He  is  the 
first  native  of  the  United  States  that  has 
been  appointed  bishop  west  of  the  Mis 
sissippi. 

COSGROVE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1839,  in  Alexan 
dria,  N.  Y.  In  1865  he  removed  to  Boon- 
ville.  Mo.,  and  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  He  was  twice  elected 
city  attorney;  and  in  1872  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Cooper  county. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic 
national  conventions  of  1872  and  1880; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

COSSETT,  FRANCEWAY  RANNA, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  24, 
1790,  in  Claremont,  N.  H.  He  was  a 
Cumberland  presbyterian  clergyman  of 
Tennessee.  He  published  The  Life  and 
Times  of  Swing,  which  gives  a  history  of 
the  beginnings  of  the  Cumberland  pres 
byterian  denomination.  He  died  July  3, 
1863,  in  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

COSTER,  CHARLES  HENRY,  banker, 
was  born  July  22,  1852,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 
In  1884  he  was  admitted  to  partnership 
in  the  great  banking  house  of  Drexel, 
Morgan  and  Co.  of  New  York  city;  Drexel 
and  Co.  of  Philadelphia,  and  Drexel, 
Harjes  and  Co.  of  Paris,  resident  in  New 
York. 


COSTER,    ROBERT     JOHN,     educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1836,  near  St. 
Leonards,   Md.     He  was  educated   at  the 
^^^^^^      College  of  St.  James, 
f   and  received  the  de- 
l    gree  of  B.  A.  in  1862; 
and  the  degree  of  M. 
A.  from  Trinity  col 
lege  in  1868.   He  was 
ordained  a  deacon  in 
1863,  and  a  priest  in 
1866.     For     over     a 
quarter  of  a  century 
he   has   been     rector 
of  the    Bishop   Bow 
man       institute      of 
Pittsburg,    Pa.,    and 

rector  of  the  Grace  church  almost  the 
same  time.  He  has  also  devoted  his  time 
to  educational  work.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  standing  committee  of  the 
diocese  of  Pittsburgh  for  twenty  years, 
and  president  of  the  same  for  four  years. 
He  has  traveled  extensively  in  Europe; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  memorial  sermon 
on  the  Life  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Crump- 
ton,  D.  D. ;  and  is  now  publishing  a  His 
tory  of  Grace  Church  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

COTHEAL,  ALEXANDER  ISAAC,  di 
plomatist,  was  born  in  1804  in  New  York, 
N.  Y.  He  was  an  oriental  scholar  of  New 
York  city  who  published  Sketch  of  the 
Language  of  the  Mosquito  Indians;  and 
Atoff  the  Generous,  a  translation  from  the 
Arabic.  He  died  in  1894. 

COTHRAN,  JAMES  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  8, 
1830,  in  Abbeville  county,  S.  C.  He  en 
tered  the  confederate  service  as  a  private 
soldier;  and  was  at  the  surrender  of  the 
army  of  northern  Virginia  at  Appomat- 
tox,  having  attained  to  the  rank  of  cap 
tain.  He  was  appointed  to  fill  the  judge- 
ship  of  the  circuit  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused 
by  the  death  of  Judge  Thomson  in  1881; 
and  was  elected  by  the  legislature  to  the 
same  office  the  following  winter,  and  re- 
elected  in  1885.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

COTTERAL,  J.  L.  T.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Alabama  from  1846  to  1847. 

COTTING,  JOHN  RUGGLES,  scientist, 
author,  was  born  in  1783  in  Acton,  Mass. 
He  was  a  noted  Georgia  scientist,  and 
the  author  of  Introduction  to  Chemistry; 
Lectures  on  Geology;  and  Soils  and  Ma 
nures.  He  died  in  1867. 

COTTMAN,  JOSEPH  S.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1803,  in  Som 
erset  county,  Md.  He  served  in  the  Mary 
land  legislature;  was  a  presidential  elect 
or  in  1849,  and  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  1851  to  1853.  He  died  in  1863  in 
Somerset  county,  Md. 

COTTMAN,  VINCENDON  LEZARE, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1852,  in 
Ascension  Parish.  La.  In  1884  he  was 
appointed  lieutenant  of  the  United  States 
navy,  and  in  1889  was  secretary  of  the  in 
ternational  marine  conference  at  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

COTTON,  AYLETT  R.,  educator,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1826. 
in  Austintown,  Ohio.  He  removed  to  Iowa 
in  1844,  and  crossed  the  plains  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1849,  and  returned  to  Iowa  in 
1851.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  Clinton 
county  in  1851,  and  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  the  same  county  in  1854.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention  in  1857,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  in  1868  and  1870,  serv 
ing  as  speaker.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-second  and  forty-third  congresses  as 
a  republican. 


254 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COTTON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  4,  1585,  in  England.  He  was  the 
foremost  clergyman  of  his  century  in  New 
England.  He  came  to  the  Massachusetts 
colony  in  1633,  having  been  for  twenty 
years  vicar  of  St.  Botolph's  church  in 
Boston,  Lincolnshire.  He  was  at  once 
made  teacher  of  the  church  in  the  new 
settlement  of  Boston,  and  until  his  death 
exercised  an  influence  in  church  and  state 
unequaled  by  any  one  since  in  New  Eng 
land.  His  principal  works  comprise  The 
Bloody  Tenet  Washed  and  Made  White  in 
the  Blood  of  the  Lamb,  a  reply  to  Roger 
Williams's  famous  Bloody  Tenet  of  Per 
secution;  A  Brief  Exposition  upon  Eccle- 
siastes;  The  Covenant  of  Grace;  The  Keys 
of  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven;  The  Way  of 
the  Congregational  Churches  Cleared;  The 
Way  of  Life;  Treatise  Concerning  Predes 
tination;  The  New  Covenant;  and  Meat 
for  Strong  Men,  Spiritual  Milk  for  Babes. 
He  died  Dec.  23,  1652,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

COTTON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was  born 
March  13,  1640,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
minister  for  thirty  years  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  and  afterward  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  was  eminent  for  his  acquaintance  with 
the  Indian  language,  frequently  preached 
to  the  aborigines  at  Martha's  Vineyard 
and  Plymouth,  and  revised  and  corrected 
the  whole  of  Eliot's  Indian  Bible.  He  died 
Sept.  18,  1699,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

COTTRELL,  CALVERT  BYRON,  man 
ufacturer,  inventor,  was  born  Aug.  21, 
1821,  in  Westerly,  R.  I.  He  has  devoted 
himself  exclusively  to  invention  and  im 
provement  in  matters  belonging  to  print 
ing  and  press  manufacture.  One  of  his 
latest  and  most  important  inventions  is  a 
shifting  tympan  for  a  Web  perfecting 
press. 

COUCH,  DARIUS    NASH,    soldier,    was 

born  July  23,  1822,  in  South  East,  N.  Y. 

He  was   graduated   at  the  United   States 

military   academy  in 

1846,  and  assigned  to 
the   fourth    artillery, 
with  which  he  served 
in   the  Mexican  war, 
gaining  the  brevet  of 
first     lieutenant,     in 

1847,  for  gallant  con 
duct  at  Buena  Vista. 
He    served     against 
the      Seminoles      in 
1849-50,  and  in  1853, 
when  on  a  leave  of 
absence,  made  an  ex 
ploring  expedition  into  Mexico,  which  is 
mentioned  in  the  United  States  senate  re 
ports. 

COUCHMAN,  WESLEY,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1853,  in 
Margaretville,  N.  Y.  In  1878  he  graduated 
from  the  Wesleyan  university  of  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  and  was  the  class  poet.  He 
had  previously  attended  the  Claverack 
academy,  New  York.  Many  years  of  his 
life  have  been  devoted  to  educational 
work;  and  fifteen  years  as  a  mechanic. 
He  has  attained  eminence  as  a  clergyman 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church,  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in  New  York  and  Penn 
sylvania.  He  has  also  given  much  of 
his  time  to  literary  work,  and  many  of 
his  poems  have  appeared  in  current  liter 
ature  and  various  standard  works. 

COUDERT,  FREDERICK  RENE,  law 
yer,  was  born  in  1832,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  elected  president  of  the  Bar  Asso 
ciation  of  New  York  city,  and  represented 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  at  the  inter 
national  congress  at  Antwerp,  for  the 
framing  of  international  rules  of  general 
average.  He  recently  represented  the 
United  States  as  one  of  its  counsel  be 
fore  the  international  tribunal  appointed 
to  determine  the  Behring  Sea  controversy. 


COUES,  ELLIOTT,  naturalist,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  9,  1842,  in  Portsmouth,  N. 
H.  He  is  an  eminent  naturalist  connected 
with  the  Smithsonian  institution.  He  is 
the  author  of  Key  to  North  American 
Birds;  Field  Ornithology;  Birds  of  the 
Northwest;  Fur-Bearing  Animals;  Check 
List  of  North  American  Birds;  Birds  of 
the  Colorado  Valley;  New  England  Bird 
Life  (with  W.  A.  Stearns);  Biogen,  a 
Speculation  on  the  Origin  of  Life;  The 
Daemon  of  Darwin;  and  Our  Native  Birds. 

COULDOCK,  CHARLES  WALTER, 
actor,  was  born  April  26,  1815,  in  England. 
His  first  appearance  in  this  country  was 
at  the  Broadway  theater.  He  subsequent 
ly  supported  Charlotte  Cushman,  and  was 
successful  as  Jacques  in  As  You  Like  It, 
and  as  Luke  Fielding  in  The  Willow 
Copse.  His  rendition  of  Dunstan  Kirke 
in  Hazel  Kirke  at  the  Madison  Square  the 
ater  was  especially  powerful. 

COULTER,  JOHN  MERLE,  botanist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1851,  in  China. 
He  is  a  botanist  and  was  president  of  the 
Indiana  State  university  in  1891-93.  He 
is  the  author  of  Synopsis  of  the  Flora  of 
Colorado  (with  T.  C.  Porter);  Manual  of 
Rocky  Mountain  Botany;  Manual  of  Tex 
an  Botany;  and  Text-Book  of  Western 
Botany. 

COULTER,  RICHARD,  jurist,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1827  to 
1835.  At  the  time  of  his  death  was  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
died  April  21,  1852,  in  Westmoreland 
county,  Pa. 

COUNCILL,  WILLIAM  HOOPER,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  July  12, 
1848,  in  Fayetteville,  N.  C.  He  was 
brought  to  Alabama  by  the  traders  of  1857 
through  the  famous  Richmond  slave  pen. 
In  1883  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  but 
has  never  left  the  profession  of  teaching 
for  a  day.  He  has  occupied  high  posi 
tions  in  the  church,  temperance  and  char 
itable  organizations.  By  earnest  toil, 
self-denial  and  hard  study  he  has  built 
up  the  State  Normal  Industrial  school  of 
Alabama,  of  which  he  is  president,  and 
which  is  one  of  the  largest  institutions  in 
the  south.  He  is  also  the  president  of  the 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  college  of 
Alabama  for  Negroes. 

COUNCILMAN,  WILLIAM  THOMAS, 
physician,  author,  was  born  in  1854,  in 
Maryland.  He  is  a  physician  and  instruc 
tor  at  the  Harvard  Medical  school,  and  the 
author  of  Contribution  to  the  Study  of 
Inflammation;  On  Arterio  Sclerosis; 
Syphilis  of  the  Lungs;  and  On  the  ^Eti 
ology  of  Malaria;  and  other  works. 

COURTENAY,  AUSTIN  MATLACK, 
clergyman,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
April  22,  1850,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city,  in 
various  private  schools  and  academies, 
and  graduated  from  the  Virginia  Theolog 
ical  seminary.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in 
the  methodist  episcopal  churches  in  Mary 
land,  Baltimore  City,  Pittsburg  and  Mead- 
ville,  Pa.  He  has  been  a  lecturer  of  Chris 
tian  Evidences  in  the  Allegheny  college, 
and  is  a  noted  public  lecturer  and  ora 
tor  of  unusual  ability.  He  has  received 
the  degree  of  doctor  of  divinity  from 
Dickinson  college;  and  Is  the  author  of 
numerous  articles  which  have  appeared  in 
current  magazines  and  church  papers. 

COURTENAY,  EDWARD  HENRY, 
mathematician,  author,  was  born  in  1803 
in  Maryland.  He  was  a  civil  engineer  and 
was  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia  from  1842-53.  He  pub- 
li.^he-d  a  Treath-e  on  Differential  Calculus 
and  the  Calculus  of  Variations.  He  died 
Dec.  21,  1853,  in  Charlottesville,  Va. 


COURTER,  FRANKLIN  C.,  artist,  was 
born  July  20,  1854,  in  Caldwell,  N.  J.  In 
1888  he  was  appointed  professor  of  draw 
ing  and  painting  in  Albion  college, 
Albion,  Mich.  His  best  known  ideal  pic 
ture  is  his  painting  of  Lincoln  Showing 
Sojourner  Truth  the  Bible  Presented  Him 
by  the  Colored  People  of  Baltimore. 

COURTNEY,  THEODORE.  He  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  one  of  the  fore 
most  men  of  Kansas,  and  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  political  affairs  of  that 
state. 

COURTRIGHT.  SAMUEL  W.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1842,  in  Pickaway 
county,  Ohio.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer 
of  Circleville,  Ohio;  was  city  solicitor  for 
two  terms;  president  of  the  board  of  edu 
cation  for  five  years;  and  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  his  county  for  two  terms.  He 
has  filled  various  public  positions  of 
honor,  and  for  five  years  was  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas. 

COUSINS,  JAMES,  agriculturist,  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  3,  1849,  in  England. 
For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  brick;  and  since  1884  has 
been  a  farmer  in  Pittsford,  Mich.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Michigan  house  of  rep 
resentatives  in  1895-96,  and  received  the 
re-election  in  1897-98. 

COUSINS,  ROBERT  G.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1859  in  Cedar 
county,  Iowa.  In  1886  he  was  elected  to 
the  Iowa  legislature,  and  was  elected  by 
the  house  of  representatives  as  one  of  the 
prosecutors  for  the  Brown  impeachment, 
tried  before  the  senate  during  1887.  In 
1888  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney 
and  also  presidential  elector  for  the  fifth 
congressional  district.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

COUTLER,  JOHN  F.,  farmer,  legislator, 
state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1840,  In 
Cass  county,  Mich.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Michigan  state  legislat 
ure.  He  moved  to  Nebraska  in  1874,  and 
was  there  elected  to  the  state  senate  in 
1878.  In  1882  he  moved  to  Kansas,  and 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  that  state 
in  1884,  and  again  in  1892. 

COVELL,  ALTON  GILES,  lawyer,  legis-- 
lator,  financier,  was  born  June  8,  1854,  in 
Erie,  Pa.  He  received  an  academic  edu 
cation  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1880.  In  1883  he 
moved  to  North  Da 
kota,  where  he  has, 
financially,  large  and 
extensive  interests  in 
wheat  and  stock 
farms,  and  in  a  gen- 
e  r  a  1  mercantile 
house.  He  served  two 
terms  as  state's  at 
torney  for  Wells 
county;  and  he  has 
been  prominently  connected  with  the  pub 
lic  affairs  of  his  county  and  state;  and  has 
served  one  term  as  a  member  of  the  North 
Dakota  state  legislature.  He  is  interested 
In  numerous  business  enterprises,  and  has 
contributed  extensively  to  various  chari 
table  institutions. 

COVELL,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  4,  1796,  in  Marblehead, 
Mass.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman  of 
New  York  and  Vermont  who  published  a 
Dictionary  of  the  Bible.  He  died  May  15, 
1845,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

COVERT,  GEORGE,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  Dec.  7,  1829,  in  Ovid,  N.  Y.  He 
is  a  graduate  of  the  Bennett  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Chicago,  111.; 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


255 


has  been  school  superintendent,  president 
of  the  State  Medical  society,  president  of 
the  National  Medical  association,  and  pro 
fessor  of  obstetrics  in  his  alma  mater.  He 
is  well  known  as  a  frequent  contributor  to 
medical  literature,  and  is  a  successful  phy 
sician  and  surgeon  of  Clinton,  Wia, 

COVERT,  JAMES  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1842,  in 
Oyster  -Bay,  N.  Y.  In  1867  he  was  elected 
school  commissioner  and  served  three 
years,  at  the  same  time  acting  as  assist 
ant  district  attorney  of  his  county.  He 
was  surrogate  of  Queen's  county  from  1870 
to  1874;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

COVINGTON,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1838,  in  Ber 
lin,  Md.  In  1867  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  constitutional  convention  of  Mary 
land  from  Worcester  county,  and  served 
in  said  body  as  a  member  of  the  judiciary 
committee.  In  1880  he  was  nominated 
over  eight  competitors,  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-seventh  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

COVINGTON,  LEONARD,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1768,  in 
Aqua  sco,  Md.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  Maryland,  and  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1805  to  1807.  In  1813  he  was  ordered 
to  the  northern  frontier,  and  appointed 
by  President  Madison,  brigadier-general. 
He  died  Nov.  14,  1813,  in  French  Mills, 
N.  Y. 

COVODE,  JOHN,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  17,  1808,  in  West 
moreland  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected 
from  Pennsylvania  a  representative  to 
the  thirty-fourth  congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-fifth,  thirty-sixth,  thirty- 
seventh  and  fortieth  congresses  as  a  re 
publican.  He  died  Jan.  11,  1871,  in  Har- 
risburg,  Pa. 

COWAN,  EDGAR,  lawyer,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1815,  in  West 
moreland  county,  Pa.  He  was  chosen  a 
senator  in  congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
for  the  term  ending  in  1867.  In  1860  he 
was  a  presidential  elector  and  was  a  del 
egate  to  the  Philadelphia  National  Union 
convention  of  1866.  He  died  Aug.  29,  1885, 
in  Greensburg,  Pa. 

COWAN,  FRANK,  lawyer,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1844,  in  Greens- 
burg,  Pa.  He  is  a  Pennsylvania  lawyer 
and  journalist,  who  has  traveled  exten 
sively  and  who  entered  Corea  before  that 
country  had  made  any  treaties  with  for 
eign  nations.  He  is  the  author  of  Curious 
Facts  in  the  History  of  Insects;  Zomara, 
a  Romance  of  Spain;  Southwestern  Penn 
sylvania  in  Song  and  Story;  The  City  of 
the  Royal  Palm,  and  Other  Poems;  A 
Visit  in  Verse  to  Honolulu;  and  Fact 
and  Fancy  in  New  Zealand. 

COWAN,  JACOB  P.,  physician,  banker, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  March  20, 
1823,  in  Florence,  Pa.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature;  practiced  medi 
cine,  but  became  a  dealer  in  real  estate 
and  president  of  a  private  bank.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  forty.-fourth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

COWARDIN,  JAM^ri  A.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1811,  near  Hot 
Springs,  Va.  In  1865  he  founded  the  Rich 
mond  Dispatch,  and  became  editor  and 
part  owner.  He  was  the  author  of  Old 
Virginia  Ham;  Olde  Virginia  Fiddlers, 
and  other  works.  He  died  Nov.  21,  1882, 
in  Richmond,  Va. 


COWDERY,  JACOB  E.,  soldier,  archi 
tect,  builder,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1836, 
at  Adams  Mill,  Ohio.  During  the  war  he 
served  in  the  four- 
t  e  e  n  t  h  regiment 
Iowa  volunteer  in 
fantry.  For  many 
years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  educational 
work;  and  is  now  a 
successful  architect 
and  builder  in  Rich 
mond,  Mo.  He  is  a 
contributor  to  the 
Scientific  American 
and  other  publica 
tions;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 
His  wife,  Mrs.  Louisa  Cowdery,  is  also  a 
poet  of  Missouri. 

COWDERY,  JONATHAN,  surgeon,  was 
born  April  22,  1767,  in  Sandisfield,  Mass. 
He  served  in  the  frigate  Philadelphia, 
which  was  stranded  on  the  coast  of  Tri 
poli  in  1803,  and  was  a  prisoner  in  the 
hands  of  the  Turks  nearly  two  years.  In 
1806  he  published  a  journal  of  his  cap 
tivity.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1852,  in  Norfolk, 
Va. 

COWDIN,  JASPER  BARNETT,  poet. 
He  is  the  author  of  Esther's  Wedding  and 
Other  Poems. 

COWELL,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  in  1781  in  Wrentham, 
Mass.  He  was  a  clerk  of  the  federal 
courts,  and  for  a  time  chief  justice  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  in  Providence,  R. 
I.  In  1850  he  published  a  volume  of  his 
tory  entitled  The  Spirit  of  '76.  He  died 
May  6,  1860,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

COWEN,  BENJAMIN  RUSH,  soldier, 
public  official,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1831,  in 
Moorfield,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in 
the  volunteer  army,  and  became  an  ad 
ditional  paymaster,  serving  under  McClel- 
lan  and  Rosecrans,  and  in  the  same  year 
was  elected  secretary  of  state,  but  re 
signed  in  1862.  He  was  appointed  ad 
jutant-general  of  Ohio  in  1864,  and  served 
as  such  for  four  years,  receiving  three 
brevets.  He  was  also  an  inspector  of  mil 
itary  prisons,  and  subsequently  went  into 
the  iron  and  coal  business  at  Bellaire.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Philadel 
phia  convention  of  1866,  and  the  Chicago 
convention  of  1868,  of  which  he  was  sec 
retary.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  assistant 
secretary  of  the  interior  department,  and 
was  also  a  leading  member  of  the  repub 
lican  committee  of  Ohio,  and  chairman  of 
the  state  committee. 

COWEN,  BENJAMIN  S.,  physician, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1793 
in  Washington  county,  N.  Y.  In  1839  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  that 
nominated  General  Harrison  for  president, 
and  in  1840  was  elected  to  congress.  Dur 
ing  1845-46  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio 
legislature,  and  from  1847  till  1852  was 
presiding  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1869,  in  St.  Clairs- 
ville,  Ohio. 

COWEN,  ESEK,  jurist,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  24,  1787,  in  Rhode  Island.  In 
1812  he  was  one  of  the  founders,  in  North 
umberland,  Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.,  of  the 
first  temperance  society  in  the  United 
States.  He  was  the  author  of  Civil  Juris 
diction  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  in  New 
York;  New  York  Reports,  1823-28;  and  a 
Digested  Index  of  Reports,  and  edited 
Phillipps  on  Evidence. 

COWEN,  JOHN  K.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  railroad  president,  was  born  Oct.  28, 
1844,  in  Millersburg,  Ohio.  He  removed  to 
Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1872,  and  has  been  prac 
ticing  law  in  that  city  since  that  date.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as 
a  democrat.  Since  1896  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad. 


COWEN,  PATRICK  H.,  author.  He  was 
the  author  of  Digest  of  Criminal  Decisions 
of  the  Court  of  New  York;  Reports  of 
Criminal  Cases;  and  The  Poor  Laws  of 
the  State  of  New  York. 

COWGILL,  CALVIN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1819,  in  Clinton 
county,  Ohio.  He  moved  to  Wabash  coun 
ty,  Ind.,  in  1846,  and  practiced  his  profes 
sion.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1851;  was  county  treasurer 
from  1855  to  1859;  was  provost-marshal 
from  1862  to  1865;  and  again  in  the  legis 
lature  during  the  special  session  in  1865. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Indi 
ana  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

COWHERD,  WILLIAM  STROTHER, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  1, 
1860,  in  Jackson  county,  Mo.  He  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  prosecuting  attorney  of 
Jackson  county  in  1885,  and  served  four 
years  in  that  capacity.  He  was  appointed 
first  assistant  city  counselor  of  Kansas 
City  in  1890,  and  served  for  two  years.  He 
was  elected  mayor  of  Kansas  City  in  1892, 
and  served  one  term  of  two  years.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

COWLES,  ANDREW  D.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  July  31,  1856,  in  Elk- 
ville,  N.  C.  He  has  attained  success  as 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  North  Car 
olina  at  Statesville.  He  has  been  post 
master  of  his  city;  held  a  position  in  the 
revenue  service,  and  was  lieutenant  and 
then  captain  of  the  Iredell  Blues.  In  1898 
he  organized  the  North  Carolina  quota  for 
the  Spanish-American  war,  and  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  colonel  of  the  second 
regiment  of  the  North  Carolina  volun 
teers. 

COWLES,  AUGUSTUS  WOODRUFF, 
clergyman,  educator,  college  president, 
was  born  July  12,  1819,  in  Reading,  N.  Y. 
In  1847-56  he  was  pastor  of  the  presbyte- 
rian  church  in  Brockport,  and  was  then 
made  president  of  Elmira  college,  where 
he  still  remains. 

COWLES,  EDWARD  PITKIN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1815  in  Canaan,  Conn. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1839,  and 
entered  into  practice  at  Hudson,  N.  Y., 
with  his  brother,  Colonel  Cowles,  of  the 
one  hundred  and  twenty-eighth  New  York 
volunteers,  who  was  killed  at  Port  Hud 
son.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1874,  in  Chicago,  111. 

COWLES,  GEORGE  W.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Otisco,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  the  forty-first 
congress,  and  served  as  judge  of  Wayne 
county,  N.  Y.,  during  1863-70. 

COWLES,  GILES  HOOKER,  clergyman, 
was  born  Aug.  26,  1766,  in  Farmington, 
Conn.  In  1810  he  was  appointed  by  the 
Connecticut  missionary  society  to  travel 
through  Ohio,  and  formed  or  assisted  in 
forming  most,  if  not  all,  of  the  congrega 
tional  churches  in  the  northeastern  part 
of  that  state.  He  died  July  16,  1835,  in 
Austinburg,  Ohio. 

COWLES,  HENRY,  clergyman,  theolog 
ian,  author,  was  born  April  24,  1803,  in 
Norfolk,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  who  was  professor  of  theology 
at  Oberlin  college  in  1835-48.  He  was  the 
author  of  Gospel  Manna  for  Christian  Pil 
grims;  Hebrew  History;  and  Critical 
Notes  on  the  Old  and  New  Testament,  in 
sixteen  volumes.  He  died  Sept.  6,  1881. 

COWLES,  HENRY  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  18,  1798,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  He  served  as  a  member  of 
the  New  York  legislature  from  Putnam 
county.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1829  to  1831. 


256 


HKKRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OK    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COWLES,  W.  H.  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  22,  1840,  in 
Hamutonville,  N.  C.  He  served  in  the 
•confederate  army;  and  was  twice  wound 
ed.  He  was  reading  clerk  of  the  senate  of 
North  Carolina  from  1872  to  1874;  and  in 
the  latter  year  was  elected  solicitor  of  the 
tenth  judicial  district  of  the  state,  in 
•which  position  he  served  four  years.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  democratic  state  ex 
ecutive  committee  for  eight  years;  and 
in  1884  was  elected  a  representative  from 
North  Carolina  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress;  and  received  the  re-election  to  the 
fiftieth,  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  con- 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

COWLES,  WILLIAM  HUTCHINSON. 
lawyer,  journalist,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1866, 
in  Evanston,  111.  In  1887  he  graduated 
from  Yale  college  with  the  degree  of  A. 
B. ;  in  1889  graduated  from  the  Yale  Law 
school,  and  the  same  year  was  admitted 
to  the  Connecticut  bar.  He  is  the  editor 
and  owner  of  the  Morning  Spokane  Re 
view  of  Spokane,  Wash. 

COWLEY,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1832  in  England.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  Lowell,  and  the  author  of  Mem 
ories  of  the  Indians  and  Pioneers  of  Low 
ell;  Illustrated  History  of  Lowell;  Famous 
Divorces  of  all  Ages;  and  Our  Divorce 
Courts. 

COWLEY,  GEORGE  B.,  physician,  jour 
nalist,  state  legislator,  poet,  was  born 
May  1C,  1861,  near  Rio,  Wis.  In  1882  he 
graduated  from  the 
Missouri  Medical  col 
lege  of  St.  Louis.  He 
is  the  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Chief 
of  Cowgill,  Mo.  He 
has  filled  many  im 
portant  public  offices 
in  his  county  and 
state;  and  in  1897 
S  »  was  elected  a  mem 

ber  of  the  Missouri 
state  legislature.  He 
is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  religious  and  historical  poems. 
His  poems  have  appeared  in  Poets  of 
America,  and  other  standard  collections. 

COX,  ABRAHAM  SIDDON.  surgeon, 
was  'born  in  1800  in  New  York.  He  had 
been  for  many  years  one  of  the  most  emi 
nent  medical  practitioners  of  New  York 
city.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  be 
came  a  surgeon  in  the  army,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  was  surgeon-in-chief  of 
the  first  division,  twentieth  corps,  army  of 
the  Cumberland.  He  died  July  29,  1864, 
at  Lookout  Mountain,  Tenn. 

COX,  ALBERT  HILL,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1848,  in  Troup 
county,  Ga.  He  was  solicitor-general  of 
the  Coweta  circuit  in  1872-76;  in  1876-78 
was  elected  state  representative  in  the 
general  assembly;  and  in  1888  was  a  dele- 
gate-at-large  to  the  national  democratic 
convention. 

COX,  ALLEN  M.,  lawyer,  public  official, 
was  born  Sept.  30,  1843,  in  St.  Lawrence 
county,  N.  Y.  For  eight  years  he  was 
mayor  of  Conneaut,  Ohio;  has  been  prose 
cuting  attorney,  and  for  several  years  was 
United  States  commissioner. 

COX,  ARGUS,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
Nov.  26,  1856,  in  Van  Buren  county,  Iowa. 
In  1887  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attor 
ney  of  Wright  county,  Mo.,  and  in  1892 
was  elected  judge  of  the  eighteenth  cir 
cuit. 

COX,  BENJAMIN  H.,  lawyer,  was  born 
March  16,  1851,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He 
graduated  from  the  Cincinnati  Law  school, 
and  has  become  one  of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  Ohio.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Cincinnati  city  council,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  education  of  his  native 


- 


COX,  CHRISTOPHER  C.,  physician, 
lieutenant-governor,  was  born  Aug.  16, 
1816,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  appointed 
commissioner  of  pensions  in  1868;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  health  in  1871,  acting 
as  president  of  the  board  for  several 
years.  His  special  line  of  study  was  med 
icine,  and  he  practiced  both  as  a  physician 
and  a  surgeon;  and  was  for  one  year  a 
professor  in  one  of  the  Philadelphia  col 
leges.  He  served  as  president  of  a  medi 
cal  society;  as  a  surgeon  in  the  army  dur 
ing  the  rebellion,  and  was  surgeon-general 
of  the  state  of  Maryland.  Before  the  close 
of  the  war  he  was  elected  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Maryland. 

COX,  E.  ST.  JULIAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  21,  1833,  in  Switzerland, 
during  a  temporary  sojourn  of  his  father's 
family,  who  was  vice-consul  at  that  time. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Academy,  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church  of  Philadel 
phia;  studied  law,  moved  to  Wisconsin  in 
1852,  and  was  subsequently  admitted  to 
the  bar.  In  1857  he  practiced  law  in  St. 
Peter,  Minn.,  and  the  following  year  was 
appointed  United  States  court  commis 
sioner.  During  the  war  he  was  commis 
sioned  first  lieutenant  of  company  E,  sec 
ond  regiment  Minnesota  volunteer  infan 
try,  and  has  done  good  service  for  his 
country  as  captain  of  company  E,  first 
regiment  Minnesota  Rangers,  cavalry,  in 
charge  of  frontier  posts.  He  has  been 
judge  of  Waukesha  county,  Wis.;  United 
States  commissioner  of  Minnesota,  and 
judge  of  the  ninth  judicial  district  of 
Minnesota.  He  now  practices  his  profes 
sion  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  to  which  city 
he  moved  on  account  of  ill  health. 

COX,  EDWARD  TRAVERS,  geologist, 
was  born  April  21,  1821,  in  Virginia.  He 
is  a  geologist  of  New  York  city  who  made 
a  number  of  important  surveys,  and  pub 
lished  Annual  Reports  of  the  Geological 
Survey  of  Indiana. 

COX,  HANNAH,  abolitionist,  was  born 
in  1796  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  joined 
the  first  movement  in  favor  of  emancipa 
tion,  being  a  co-laborer  with  Benjamin 
Lundy,  Garrison,  Lucretia  Mott,  and  John 
G.  Whittier.  For  years  she  and  her  hus 
band,  who  survived  her  in  his  ninety-first 
year,  received  fugitive  slaves.  She  died 
April  15,  1876,  in  Longwood,  Pa. 

COX,  ISAAC  NEWTON,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1846,  in  Fallsburgh,  N.  Y. 
He  has  been  frequently  sent  as  delegate 
to  democratic  conventions,  state  and  local. 
In  1886  he  was  appointed  chairman  of  the 
commission  to  make  an  examination  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

COX,  JACOB  DOLSON,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  27, 
1828,  of  American  parents,  in  Montreal. 
Canada.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  a  brig 
adier-general  of  Ohio  volunteers;  and  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  major-general. 
He  was  chosen  governor  of  Ohio  for  the 
years  1866-67:  and  in  1869  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  interior  department.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  forty-fifth  congress.  He  is  the  author 
of  Atlanta;  The  March  to  the  Sea;  and 
The  Second  Battle  of  Bull  Run  as  Con 
nected  with  the  Fitz-John  Porter  Case. 

COX,  JAMES,  artist,  was  born  in  1751  in 
England.  For  many  years  he  was  the 
fashionable  drawing-master  in  Philadel 
phia  and  did  much  to  advance  the  flne 
arts.  He  made  a  remarkable  collection  of 
works  on  the  fine  arts,  numbering  over 
5,000  volumes,  which  he  sold,  during  the 
latter  part  of  his  life,  to  the  Library  com 
pany  of  Philadelphia,  for  an  annuity  of 
$400.  He  died  in  1834  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 


COX,  JAMES,  soldier,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1753  in  Montgomery  county,  N.  J. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature, 
and  speaker  of  the  assembly.  He  com 
manded  a  company  of  militia  in  the  revo 
lution;  and  was  subsequently  a  brigadier- 
general  of  militia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Jersey  during 
the  years  1809  and  1810.  He  died  Sept.  12, 
1810,  in  Monmouth  county,  N.  J. 

COX,  JAMES  FARLEY,  marine  under 
writer,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1830,  in  Locust 
Valley,  L.  I.  He  originated,  established 
and  carried  to  success  the  system  of  in 
dividual  underwriting  in  America,  and 
with  Douglas  Robinson,  at  that  time  his 
partner,  created  the  United  States  Lloyds. 

COX,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
Aug.  4,  1822,  in  Chambersburg,  Pa.  In 
1830  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio,  which  city  has  since  been 
his  home.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  Miami  university  of  Oxford,  and  grad 
uated  from  the  Cincinnati  Law  school, 
from  which  institution  he  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.  M.  and  LL.  D.  He  has  been 
prosecuting  attorney  of  his  county  at  Cin 
cinnati;  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  for  fifteen  years;  and  judge  of  the 
first  circuit  court  for  fourteen  years. 
Judge  Cox  is  an  honorary  member  of  the 
celebrated  Literary  club  of  Cincinnati,  and 
a  prominent  member  of  several  literary, 
historical  and  archseological  societies.  He 
has  been  prominent  as  a  lecturer  on  those 
subjects,  many  of  which  have  received 
publication  in  book  form. 

COX,  KENYON,  painter,  was  born  Oct. 
27,  1856,  in  Warren,  Ohio.  He  has  painted 
portraits  and  landscapes,  but  prefers  the 
decorative  treatment  of  the  human  figure. 
Has  also  illustrated  and  written  on  artis 
tic  subjects.  His  principal  works  in  public 
places  are:  Venice,  a  decorative  painting 
in  Walker  art  building,  Bowdoin  college 
of  Brunswick,  Maine;  and  The  Art  and 
The  Science,  two  decorations  in  the  Li 
brary  of  congress  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

COX,  LEANDER  M.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Virginia.  Moving  to 
Kentucky,  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  that  state  to  the  thirty-third  and 
thirty-fourth  congresses.  He  served  as  a 
captain  in  the  Mexican  war;  was  grand 
master  of  the  order  of  Free  Masons  in 
1843,  and  a  presidential  elector  in  1853. 

COX,  LEMUEL,  master  mechanic,  was 
born  in  1736  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
the  inventor  of  a  machine  for  cutting 
card-wire,  the  first  projector  of  a  powder- 
mill  in  Massachusetts,  and  the  first  to  sug 
gest  employing  the  prisoners  on  Castle  isl 
and  to  make  nails.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1806, 
in  Charlestown,  Mass. 

COX,  NICHOLAS  NICHOLS,  soldier, 
farmer,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  6,  1837,  in  Bedford  county,  Tenn.  He 
was  a  confederate 
colonel  and  served 
during  most  of  the 
war  with  General 
Forrest.  He  was  an 
elector  on  the  Breck- 
inridge  and  Lane 
ticket  in  1860,  and 
was  elector  on  the 
Greeley  ticket  in 
1872.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-second, 
fifty-third  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

COX,  PALMER,  artist,  author,  was 
born  April  28,  1840,  in  Canada.  He  be 
came  famous  the  world  over  as  the  author 
of  a  series  of  books  entitled  The  Brown 
ies,  Their  Book;  Another  Brownie  Book, 


HKKKINGSHAWS    KNCYCLOPBDIA    OF    AAIKRICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


257 


and  other  works.  His  articles  and  poems 
have  appeared  constantly  in  St.  Nicholas, 
Wide  Awake,  Harper's  Young  People,  Lit 
tle  Folks,  and  various  other  well-known 
publications.  A  volume  entitled  Queer 
People  contains  a  collection  of  many  of 
his  contributions  to  juvenile  literature,  lu 
his  younger  days  he  lived  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  and  there  published  Squibs  of  Cali 
fornia  and  various  other  works.  He  illus 
trates  his  own  works,  and  has  a  studio 
and  sanctum  on  Broadway,  New  York 
city.  His  other  works  are:  Hans  Von 
Fetter's  Trip  to  Gotham;  How  Columbus 
Found  America;  That  Stanley;  Queer 
People,  such  as  Goblins,  etc.;  Queer  Peo 
ple  with  Claws  and  Wings;  Queer  People 
with  Wings  and  Stings. 

COX.   SAMUEL    HANSON,    clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1793,  in  Rah- 
way,  N.  J.    He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy- 
.  man     of     the     new 

school  party  noted 
for  his  eccentricities 
and  fondness  for 
controversy.  He  was 
the  author  of  Qua 
kerism  not  Christi 
anity;  Theopneus- 
ton,  or  Select  Scrip 
tures  Considered; 
Interviews  Memora 
ble  and  Useful;  and 
a  number  of  other 
works.  He  died  Oct. 
2,  1881,  in  Bronxville,  N.  Y. 

COX,  SAMUEL  SULLIVAN,  statesman, 
author,  was  born  in  1824  in  Ohio.  He  was 
a  noted  democratic  congressman  from 
Ohio,  and  later  from 
New  York,  who  was 
a  popular  lecturer, 
humorist,  and  writer 
of  travels.  He  was 
minister  to  Turkey 
in  1885-86.  He  is  the 
author  of  Eight 
Years  in  Congress; 
Why  We  Laugh ; 
Three  Decades  of 
Federal  Legislation; 
Diversions  of  a  Dip 
lomat  in  Turkey;  A 
Buckeye  Abroad;  Search  for  Winter  Sun 
beams  in  the  Riviera,  Corsica,  Algiers, 
and  Spain;  Arctic  Sunbeams;  Orient  Sun 
beams;  and  Free  Land  and  Free  Trade. 
He  died  Sept.  10,  1889,  in  New  York  city. 
COX,  THOMAS  BOLIN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  14,  1838,  in  Greensboro, 
Ala.  He  attended  the  Howard  college, 
Alabama,  and  in  1870  completed  his  law 
course  at  the  university  of  Virginia.  He 
served  as  a  soldier  in  behalf  of  the  con 
federacy;  fought  at  the  battles  of  Shiloh, 
Corinth,  Port  Gibson,  Atlanta  and  Nash 
ville;  was  wounded  twice,  captured  once, 
and  surrendered  with  Gen.  Johnston  at 
Greensboro,  N.  C.  He  practices  law  in 
Waco,  Tex.,  in  which  state  he  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  for  nearly  twenty 
years.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  and 
builders  of  Baylor  university,  and  also 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Waco. 

COX,  THOMAS  LILLARD,  educator, 
merchant,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1859,  in  De- 
catur,  Tenn.  In  1882  he  was  elected 
president  of  Clinton  college,  Arkansas, 
for  four  years;  and  in  1886  he  became 
superintendent  of  the  public  schools  of 
Morrillton.  In  1895  he  purchased  the  old 
est  and  largest  book  and  stationery  house 
in  Arkansas,  and  became  president  of  the 
company'  at  Little  Rock. 

COX,  WALTER  S.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Oct.  25,  1826,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 
In  1879  he  was  appointed  an  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

17 


COX,  WILLIAM  RUFFIN,  soldier, 
planter,  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  11,  1832,  in  Scotland  Neck, 
N.  C.  He  received 
his  education  at  the 
Franklin  college, 
Tennessee,  and  at 
the '  Lebanon  Law 
school.  During  the 
war  he  became  a 
brigadier-general  in 
the  confederate  ser 
vice.  He  attained 
success  as  a  lawyer, 
and  was  solicitor  of 
the  sixth  judicial 
circuit  court.  He 
served  with  distinction  as  judge  of  the 
fourth  judicial  district  court  of  North 
Carolina.  He  was  a  member  of  the  forty- 
seventh,  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  con 
gresses;  and  served  as  secretary  of  the 
United  States  senate.  He  has  been  a  suc 
cessful  planter  and  is  now  largely  en 
gaged  in  agriculture. 

COX,  WINFRED  DOUGLASS,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1858,  in  Monroe 
county,  W.  Va.  After  receiving  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  he  attended  the  Northwestern 
university  of  Evanston,  111.;  and  the  Law 
rence  university  of  Appleton,  Wis.  Since 
1881  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  minis 
try,  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  various 
cities  in  Wisconsin,  and  is  now  at  Me- 
nominee  Falls.  He  has  contributed  many 
valuable  articles  to  current  literature. 

COXE,  ALFRED  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  In  1882  he  was 
appointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  northern  district  of  New  York,  his 
grandfather,  Hon.  Alfred  Conkling,  hav 
ing  formerly  held  the  same  position. 

COXE,  ARTHUR  CLEVELAND,  bishop, 
author,  poet,  was  born  May  10,  1818,  in 
Mendham,  N.  J.  He  was  the  second  pro- 
testant  episcopal  bishop  of  western  New 
York.  He  was  the  author  of  Christian 
Ballads;  Halloween;  Athanasius  and 
Other  Poems;  Advent,  a  Mystery;  Saul,  a 
Mystery;  Athwold.  a' Romaunt;  St.  Jona 
than,  the  Lay  of  a  Scald;  and  Letters  to 
Monsignore  Satolli.  His  other  works  com 
prise  Impressions  of  England;  Thoughts 
on  the  Services;  Apollos,  or  the  Way  of 
God;  The  Criterion,  a  Means  of  Distin 
guishing  Truth  from  Error;  Institutes  of 
Christian  History;  Signs  of  the  Times; 
L'Episcopat  cle  1'Occident,  a  defense  of 
Anglican  theology;  and  The  Penitential. 
He  died  in  1896. 

COXE,  ECKLEY  BRINTON,  mining  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  June  4.  1839,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Pennsylvania 
mining  engineer  who  has  published  Theo 
retical  Mechanics. 

COXE,  FRANK,  banker,  capitalist,  was 
born  Nov.  2,  1840,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  president  of  the  Commercial  Na 
tional  bank  of  Charlotte,  N.  C. ;  and  the 
Charleston,  Cincinnati  and  Chicago  rail 
way.  He  is  the  sole  owner  of  the  Battery 
Park  hotel  of  Asheville,  N.  C.,  and  the 
Battery  Park  bank. 

COXE,  FRANK  MORRELL,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1845,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  promoted  to 
captain,  and  in  1866  transferred  to  the 
regular  army  as  captain  of  infantry.  In 
1876  he  was  appointed  major,  and  is  now 
lieutenant-colonel  and  deputy  paymaster- 
general.  His  principal  service  during  the 
past  thirty  years  has  been  on  line  and 
staff  duty  on  the  plains  and  frontier  of 
Texas,  Arizona  and  the  Pacific  slope. 


COXE,  JOHN  REDMAN,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1773  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 
He  was  a  noted  physician  who  was  the 
first  to  introduce  the  practice  of  vaccina 
tion  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  the  author 
of  Inflammation;  Importance  of  Medi 
cine;  Vaccination;  Combustion;  Ameri 
can.  Dispensatory;  Recognition  of  Friends 
in  Another  World;  Agaricus  Atramenta- 
rius;  The  Writings  of  Hippocrates  and 
Galen  Epitomized;  Refutation  of  Har 
vey's  Claim  to  the  Discovery  of  the  Cir 
culation  of  the  Blood;  and  Appeal  to  the 
Public.  He  died  March  22,  1864,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

COXE,  MARGARET,  author,  was  born 
in  1800  in  Burlington,  N.  J.  She  was  the 
author  of  Claims  of  the  Country  on 
American  Females;  Wonders  of  the 
Deep;  and  Ladies'  Companion. 

COXE,  TENCH,  political  economist,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  22,  1755,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  once  noted  Philadel 
phia  writer  on  commerce  and  political 
economy,  and  the  author  of  Inquiry  into 
the  Principles  of  a  Commercial  System  for 
the  United  States;  View  of  the  United 
States;  On  the  Navigation  Act;  Thoughts 
on  Naval  Power;  and  Address  on  Ameri 
can  Manufactures.  He  died  July  17,  1824, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

COXE,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1813  to  1815;  served  in 
the  state  legislature,  and  was  chosen 
speaker  of  the  assembly.  He  died  in  Bur 
lington,  Vt. 

COY,  EDWARD  GUSTIN,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1844,  in  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  professor  in  Phillips 
academy  of  Andover  until  1892,  when  he 
was  elected  headmaster  of  Hotchkiss 
school  of  Lakeville,  Conn.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Greek  for  Beginners;  and  First 
Greek  Reader. 

COYLE,  JOHN  HENRY,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  5,  1856,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880,  and 
practices  his  profession  at  Antelope,  Cal., 
where  he  has  served  as  justice  of  the 
peace.  He  is  the  author  of  Mining  Booms 
Past  and  Present;  Bobnot's  Ups  and 
Downs  in  Politics;  and  other  works. 

COYLE,  JOHN  PATTERSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1852  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  congregational  clergy 
man,  formerly  of  North  Adams,  Mass., 
but  settled  in  Denver  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  The  Imperial  Christ,  with  a  Bi 
ographical  Introduction  by  George  A. 
Gates;  and  The  Spirit  in  Literature  and 
Life.  He  died  in  1895. 

COYNER,  CHARLES  LUTHER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1853,  in 
Long  Glade,  Va.  In  1877  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  has 
been  town  clerk, 
deputy  surveyor, 
county  attorney  for 
ten  years,  and  spe 
cial  district  attorney. 
He  has  served  as 
special  district 
judge;  judge  of  the 
probate;  and  judge 
of  the  county  courts 
of  Duval  county, 
Tex.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  his  county 
to  the  Deep  Water  national  convention  in 
1892;  and  a  delegate  to  the  World's  Fair 
at  Chicago.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Life 
of  Captain  S.  B.  Coyner  (his  brother)- 
Twenty  Years  in  Texas;  A  Greenhorn  in 
Texas;  and  a  Tribute,  a  poem  on  the 
Coyner  Family. 


258 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


COZZENS,  FREDERICK  SCHILLER, 
artist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1846,  in 
New  York  city.  He  has  published  a  ser 
ies  of  lithographed 
drawings  of  Ameri 
can  Yachts,  accom 
panied  with  descrip 
tions  by  Lieut. 
James  D.  J.  Kelley. 
He  has  also  pro 
duced  a  series  of 
outline-drawings  of 
vessels  of  all  kinds, 
comprising  steamers 
from  1819  to  the 
present,  American 
and  English  yachts, 
and  all  varieties  of  American  craft  pro 
pelled  by  sails,  oars,  or  paddles. 

COZZENS,  FREDERICK  SWARTOUT, 
merchant,  author,  was  born  March  5, 
1818,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  wine 
merchant  of  New  York  city,  once  noted  as 
a  humorist,  but  now  neglected.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Sparrowgrass  Papers; 
Acadia,  or  a  Sojourn  among  the  Blue 
Noses;  Sayings  of  Dr.  Bushwhacker  and 
Other  Learned  Men;  Stone  House  on  the 
Susquehanna;  Prismatics;  and  Fitz- 
Greene  Halleck,  a  Memorial.  He  died 
Dec.  23,  1869,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

COZZENS.  ISSACHAR,  mineralogist, 
author,  was  born  in  1781  in  Newport,  R.  I. 
He  was  a  mineralogist  who  published 
History  of  New  York  Island. 

COZZENS,  SAMUEL  WOODWORTH, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  14,  1834,  in 
Marblehead,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Arizona,  and  the  author  of  Nobody's  Hus 
band;  The  Marvellous  Country,  or  Three 
Years  in  Arizona;  The  Young  Trail 
Hunters;  The  Young  Silver  Seekers;  and 
Crossing  the  Quicksands.  He  died  Nov. 
4,  1878,  in  Thomaston,  Ga. 

COZZENS,  WILLIAM  COLE,  merchant, 
governor,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1811,  in  New 
port,  R.  I.  He  became  the  head  of  the 
dry  goods  firm  of  William  C.  Cozzens  and 
Co.,  and  about  1857  president  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Union  bank.  In  1854  he  was  mayor 
of  Newport,  subsequently  a  representative 
in  the  general  assembly,  and  in  1861  a 
senator.  In  1862  the  governor  and  lieu 
tenant-governor  having  resigned,  Mr. 
Cozzens,  who  had  been  chosen  president 
of  the  senate,  became  acting  governor  of 
the  state  for  about  three  months.  He  died 
in  December,  1876,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

CRABB,  GEORGE  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Alabama  from 
1839  to  1841. 

CRABB,  JEKnlMIAH,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1795  to  1796. 

CRABBE,  THOMAS,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1788  in  Maryland.  He  was  retired 
as  commodore  in  1862,  officiated  as  prize 
commissioner  in  1864-65,  and  was  made  a 
rear-admiral  on  the  retired  list  in  1866. 
He  died  June  29,  1872,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

CRABTREE,  JOHN  D.,  lawyer,  soldier, 
legislator,  Jurist,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1837, 
in  England.  He  entered  tne  civil  war  as 
a  private  and  was  promoted  to  second 
lieutenant,  captain,  and  brevet-major.  In 
1887  he  was  elected  state  senator;  in  1888 
became  judge  of  circuit  court  thirteenth 
judicial  circuit  of  Illinois;  and  since  1896 
has  been  judge  of  the  appellate  court 
second  district  of  Illinois. 

CRABTREE,  LOTTA  M.,  actress,  was 
born  Nov.  7,  1847,  in  New  York  city. 
At  the  age  of  eleven  she  played  the  part  of 
Gertrude  in  the  Loan  of  a  Lover,  at  Peta- 
luma.  Her  chief  successes  have  been  as 
Topsy;  Sam  Willoughby;  Firefly;  Zip; 
Bob;  The  Little  Detective;  and  Nitouche. 


CRADLEBAUGH,  JOHN,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was 
elected  a  delegate  from  the  territory  of 
Nevada  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress; 
and  was  subsequently  appointed  United 
States  judge  for  the  territory  of  Utah. 

CRAFT,  WILLIAM  S.,  clergyman,  was 
born  July  13,  1864,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  acquired  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
city;  and  subsequently  received  a  col 
legiate  training.  For  the  past  fifteen 
years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  upper 
Iowa  conference  of  the  Methodist  Epis 
copal  church;  has  attained  distinction  as 
an  eloquent  clergyman  of  that  denomina 
tion;  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Daven 
port,  Iowa. 

CRAFTS,  CLAYTON  E.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  July  8,  1848,  in  Au 
burn,  Ohio.  In  1882  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature;  has  been  five  times  re- 
elected;  and  in  1891  was  speaker  of  the 
house.  He  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  best 
lawyers  and  safest  counselors  in  Chicago. 

CRAFTS,  EBENEZER,  pioneer,  was 
born  in  1740  in  Pomfret,  Conn.  In  1790 
he  emigrated  with  his  family  to  the  wil 
derness  of  Vermont  and  there  founded  the 
town  that  is  called  after  him.  He  died  in 
1810  in  Craftsbury,  Vt. 

CRAFTS,  JAMES  MASON,  chemist, 
educator,  was  born  March  8,  1839,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  In  1868-70  he  was  profes 
sor  of  chemistry  at  Cornell,  and  from  1870 
till  1880  a  member  of  the  faculty  in  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  in 
Boston,  although  from  1874  till  1880  a 
non-resident  professor. 

CRAFTS,  SAMUEL  C.,  statesman,  was 
born  Oct.  6,  1768,  in  Woodstock,  Vt.  In 
1796,  1800,  1801,  1803,  and  1805  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  the  state.  In  1800  he  was 
appointed  a  judge  of  Orleans  county  court, 
and  remained  such  till  1816,  during  the 
last  six  years  as  chief  judge.  From  1825 
to  1828  he  was  again  chief  judge.  In  1816 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  for  the  three 
succeeding  terms.  In  1828  he  was  elected 
governor  of  Vermont,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1829  and  1830.  In  1829  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  constitutional  convention;  in 
1842  was  appointed  by  Governor  Paine, 
and  afterwards  elected  by  the  legislature, 
a  senator  in  congress  for  the  unexpired 
form  of  one  year;  thus  filling  every  office 
in  the  gift  of  Vermont.  He  died  Nov.  19, 
1853,  in  Craftsbury,  Vt. 

CRAFTS,  SARAH  J.  TIMANUS,  author. 
She  has  published  Letters  to  Primary 
Teachers;  treatises  on  kindergarten  teach 
ing;  and  religious  books  for  the  young. 

CRAFTS,  WALTER,  mining  engineer, 
was  born  Jan.  21,  1839,  in  Newton,  Mass. 
In  1877  he  was  appointed  treasurer  and 
manager  of  the  Crafts  Iron  company  in 
the  Hocking  valley,  Ohio,  and  in  1883  be 
came  an  official  in  the  Columbus  and 
Hocking  Coal  and  Iron  company. 

CRAFTS,  WILBUR  FISK,  was  born 
Jan.  12,  1850,  in  Fryeburg.  Maine.  He  is 
a  congregational  clergyman  of  New  York 
city  and  elsewhere;  and  is  now  superin 
tendent  of  the  National  Reform  Bureau 
of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is  the  author  of 
Through  the  Eye  to  the  Heart;  Child 
hood;  The  Ideal  Sunday  School;  The 
Rescue  of  Child  Soul;  Must  the  Old  Tes 
tament  Go?  The  Sabbath  for  Man; 
Talks  to  Boys  and  Girls  about  Jesus;  Suc 
cessful  Men  of  To-Day;  and  Practical 
Christian  Sociology. 

CRAFTS,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1819.  He  is 


the  author  of  Life  of  General  Grant;  His 
tory  of  the  United  States;  and  Pioneers 
in  the  Settlement  of  America. 

CRAGIN,  AARON  H.,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1821,  in 
Weston,  Vt.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire  legislature  from  1852  to 
1855;  was  elected  a  representative  from 
that  state  te  the  thirty-fifth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress.  In  1859  he  was  again  elected  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature;  and  in 
1864  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
from  New  Hampshire  for  the  term  of  six 
years  from  1865;  and  re-elected  for  the 
term  ending  in  1877. 

CRAGIN,  DANIEL,  manufacturer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1836,  in  Merri- 
mack,  N.  H.  During  1875-76  he  served  as 
a  representative  in 
the  New  Hampshire 
state  legislature.  He 
is  a  successful  me 
chanic  and  manufac 
turer  of  wooden 
ware;  and  has  taken 
a  prominent  part  in 
the  public  affiairs  of 
Wilton,  N.  H.  While 
a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire 
state  legislature  he 
took  an  active  part 
in  the  passage  of  numerous  bills  that 
tended  to  the  welfare  and  prosperity  of 
his  state;  and  as  a  successful  manufac 
turer  he  has  become  one  of  the  foremost 
and  best  known  in  the  New  England 
states. 

CRAGIN,  FRANCIS  WHITTEMORE, 
naturalist,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1858,  In 
Greenfield,  N.  H.  He  has  attained  na 
tional  prominence  as  a  successful  natural 
ist  of  Topeka,  Kan. 

CRAIDER,  FREDERICK,  revolutionary 
veteran.  He  fought  in  the  continental 
army,  and  was  a  veteran  also  of  the  war 
of  1812-15.  He  died  in  August,  1866,  in 
Meadville.,  Miss. 

CRAIG,  CRAIG,  soldier,  legislator,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1823,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  represented  Philadelphia  in 
the  legislature  in  1849-50.  In  1875  he  was 
appointed  a  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  the  follow 
ing  autumn  was  elected  to  the  same  office. 

CRAIG,  ALEXANDER  JOHNSON,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1823,  in  Goshen, 
N.  Y.  He  became  principal  of  a  Milwau 
kee  school  in  1854,  and  in  1858-59  edited 
the  Wisconsin  Journal  of  Education  at  Ra 
cine  and  Madison,  Wis.  In  1859-60  he  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  the  state  teachers'  association,  and 
was  chosen  assistant  state  superintendent 
of  schools  in  1860,  and  from  1868  till  his 
death  was  superintendent-in-chief.  He 
died  July  5,  1870,  in  Madison,  Wis. 

CRAIG,  ALLEN,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
was  born  Dec.  25,  1835,  in  Carbon  county, 
Pa.  In  1859  he  was  elected  district  attor 
ney  of  Carbon  county,  and  in  1878  was 
elected  state  senator  for  the  district  com 
prising  Carbon,  Monroe  and  Pike  coun 
ties. 

CRAIG,  GEORGE  H..  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  25, 
1848,  in  Cahaba,  Ala.  He  was  promoted 
to  first  lieutenant  of  infantry,  and  as 
such,  in  1863,  again  entered  the  confeder 
ate  service,  serving  until  the  end  of  the 
war.  He  was  appointed,  in  1874,  judge  of 
the  first  judicial  circuit  to  fill  an  unex 
pired  term;  and  was  elected,  in  1874, 
judge  of  the  first  Judicial  circuit  for  six 
years,  served  the  term  out,  and  retired  to 
practice  in  Selma.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress. 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


259 


CRAIG,  HECTOR,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1823  to  1825;  and  again 
from  1829  to  1830. 

CRAIG,  ISAAC  B.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  April  28,  1857,  in  Charleston, 
111.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
house  of  representatives  of  thirty-sixth 
and  thirty-seventh  general  assemblies; 
state  senator  of  thirty-eighth  and  thirty- 
ninth  general  assemblies;  and  again  a 
member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of 
the  fortieth  general  assembly. 

CRAIG,  JAMES,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  7,  1820,  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Mis 
souri  legislature  in  1847;  and  was  a  cap 
tain  of  a  volunteer  company  in  the  Mexi 
can  war.  He  was  circuit  attorney  for  the 
twelfth  judicial  circuit  in  Missouri  from 
1852  to  1856.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  thirty-fifth  congress  from  Missouri; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress.  He  was  appointed  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1862,  and  em 
ployed  in  the  west.  He  died  Oct.  21,  1888, 
in  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

CRAIG,  JOHN,  philanthropist,  was  born 
in  1797  in  Goffstown,  N.  H.  Besides  giv 
ing  liberally  during  his  lifetime,  he  be 
queathed  sums  amounting  to  $105,000  to 
various  universalist  educational  institu 
tions.  He  died  July  19,  1872,  in  Roches 
ter,  N.  Y. 

CRAIG,  JOHN  ENSTER,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  14,  1853,  in  Clays- 
ville,  Pa.  He  attended  the  common 
schools,  and  in  1887  graduated  from  the 
Washington  and  Jefferson  college.  In 
1878  he  moved  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  the  following  year. 
In  1886  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Iowa  legislature;  received  the  re-election 
in  1888;  and  during  his  service  took  a 
prominent  part  among  the  lawmakers  of 
the  state.  In  1889  and  again  in  1891  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  Keokuk;  and  un 
der  his  administration  great  improve 
ments  were  made  in  that  city.  His  name 
was  suggested  as  a  candidate  for  governor 
at  the  convention  held  at  Sioux  City  in 
1889,  but  he  declined  to  permit  his  name 
to  be  used  in  connection  with  the  candi 
dacy  of  that  office.  He  is  prominent  in 
educational  and  business  circles,  and  has 
always  taken  an  active  part  in  all  matters 
pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  his  adopted 
city. 

CRAIG,  JOSEPH  H.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1850,  in  Windsor, 
N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Glen  Roy  academy,  Lenox  college,  and  in 
1875  graduated  from  the  Rush  Medical 
college  of  Chicago.  He  has  served  as 
United  States  examining  surgeon;  medi 
cal  examiner  for  ten  old  line  insurance 
companies;  and  health  physician  for  three 
townships  in  Clayton  county,  Iowa. 

CRAIG,  ROBERT,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1829 
to  1833;  and  again  from  1835  to  1841. 

CRAiG,  ROBERT  H.,  actor,  artist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  24,  1842,  in  New 
York  city.  He  had  talent  as  a  painter, 
and  was  the  author  of  burlesques  on  Don 
Juan,  Faust,  Hamlet,  and  Camille.  He 
died  Dec.  8,  1872,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

CRAIG,  SAMUEL  ALFRED,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  19, 
1839,  in  Brookville,  Pa.  He  was  commis 
sioned  captain  in  the  veteran  reserve 
corps,  United  States  army,  and  served 
continuously  four  years  and  three 
months.  He  was  elected  district  attor 
ney;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican. 


CRAIG,  SAMUEL  THOMAS,  soldier, 
merchant,  was  born  March  22,  1835,  in 
Corydon,  Ind.  In  his  youth  he  learned 
the  trade  of  a  carriage  maker;  and  in 
1860  crossed  the  Rocky  mountains.  He 
served  gallantly  through  the  civil  war,  en 
listing  as  a  private  in  company  H,  first 
regiment  Iowa  volunteer  cavalry;  was 
promoted  through  all  grades  and  brevet- 
ted  brigadier-general.  He  participated  in 
nearly  all  of  the  scouting  and  battles 
with  the  enemy  in  southwestern  Missouri, 
and  in  Arkansas  and  other  states;  crossed 
the  Ozark  mountains;  and  was  mustered 
out  in  1866.  He  remained  one  year  in 
Texas,  and  then  returned  home  to  Iowa. 
He  was  county  auditor  for  four  terms; 
and  has  principally  been  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  business  at  Albia,  Iowa. 

CRAIG,  WILLIAM,  artist,  was  born  in 
1829  in  Dublin,  Ireland.  Toward  the  end 
of  his  life  he  painted  rapidly,  and  so  his 
later  works  were  Ruins  of  Fort 
Ticonderoga;  On  the  Hudson  (1870); 
Hudson  River  near  West  Point  (1871); 
and  Falls  on  the  Boquet  River.  He  died 
in  1875  in  New  York. 

CRAIGE,  BURTON,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  13,  1811,  in 
Rowan  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature  in  1832  and  1834; 
and  was  elected  to  the  thirty-third,  thir 
ty-fourth,  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth 
congresses.  He  died  Dec.  30,  1875,  in 
Concord,  N.  C. 

CRAIK,  JAMES,  physician,  was  born  in 
1731  in  Ireland.  During  the  revolutionary 
war  Dr.  Craik  served  in  the  medical  de 
partment,  and  rose  to  the  first  rank. 
After  the  war  he  removed  to  the  neigh 
borhood  of  Mount  Vernon  at  Washing 
ton's  request,  and  attended  him  in  his 
last  illness.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1814,  in  Fair 
fax  county,  Va. 

CRAIK,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1796  to  1801. 

GRAIN,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1848,  in  Gal- 
veston,  Tex.  He  settled  at  Cuero,  Te'x. ; 
and  in  1872  was  elected  district  attorney 
for  the  twenty-third  judicial  district  of 
Texas.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  state 
senator;  and  in  1884  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Texas  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifti 
eth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third  and 
fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CRALLE,  RICHARD  K..  author,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  previ 
ously  an  editor  and  Swedenborgian  cler 
gyman  in  Washington.  He  published 
Works  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  with  a  me 
moir,  in  six  volumes;  and  several  polem 
ical  works  on  new  church  doctrines.  He 
died  June  10,  1864,  in  Virginia. 

CRAM,  RALPH  ADAMS,  architect,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1863  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  is  an  architect  of  Bos 
ton,  and  the  author  of  The  Decadent,  be 
ing  the  Gospel  of  Inaction;  Black  Spirits 
and  White,  a  book  of  ghost  stories;  and 
In  the  Island  of  Avalon,  a  book  of  poems. 

CRAM,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  soldier, 
was  born  about  1807  in  New  Hampshire. 
In  1866  he  was  brevetted  brigadier-general 
and  major-general  in  the  regular  army  for 
his  services  during  the  civil  war.  After 
this  he  served  on  boards  of  engineers  for 
the  improvement  of  harbors  on  the  great 
lakes,  and  on  Feb.  22,  1869,  was  retired. 
He  died  Dec.  20,  1883,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

CRAMER,  JOHN,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1779,  in 
Waterford,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1805;  served  three  years  in  the 
assembly,  and  three  years  in  the  senate 
of  the  state  of  New  York.  He  was  a 


member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1821;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1833  to 
1837.  He  died  June  1,  1870,  in  Waterford, 
N.  Y. 

CRAMER,  MICHAEL  JOHN,  clergy 
man,  diplomat,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1835,  in 
Switzerland.  He  was  chaplain  in  the 
United  States  army  from  1864  to  1867; 
and  in  the  latter  year  he  was  appointed 
United  States  consul  at  Leipsic,  Germany. 
In  1870  he  was  appointed  United  States 
minister  to  Denmark;  in  1881  was  trans 
ferred  in  a  like  capacity  to  the  republic 
of  Switzerland. 

CRAMER,  WILLIAM  E.,  journalist,  was 
born  Oct.  29,  1817,  in  Waterford,  N.  Y. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  but  adopted 
the  career  of  journalism.  In  1847  he  be 
came  the  editor  and  senior  proprietor  of 
the  Milwaukee  Evening  Wisconsin,  in 
which  position  he  has  continued  for  half 
a  century.  When  he  came  to  Wisconsin, 
the  state  had  not  adopted  its  constitu 
tion,  and  he  was  instrumental  in  incorpo 
rating  into  its  organic  law  the  homestead 
exemption  clause,  and  the  section  provid 
ing  for  the  right  of  married  women  to  re 
tain  possession  of  their  property. 

CRAMP,  CHARLES  HENRY,  was  born 
May  9,  1828,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1879 
he  became  president  of  the  William 
Cramp  and  Sons  Ship  and  Engine  Build 
ing  Co.,  and  is  now  the  most  conspicuous 
shipbuilder  of  the  United  States. 

CRAMP,  WILLIAM,  shipbuilder,  was 
born  in  1806,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  firm  incorporated  in 
1872  under  the  name  of  William  Cramp 
and  Sons  Ship  and  Engine  Building  com 
pany.  Until  1860  the  Cramps  were  en 
gaged  in  the  building  of  wooden  vessels 
and  ships;  and  in  1862  they  built  the  iron 
clad  battleship  New  Ironsides.  He  died 
July  6,  1879,  in  Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 

CRAMTON,  JOHN  WILLEY,  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1826,  in 
Tinmouth,  Vt.  His  firm  of  John  W. 
Cramton  and  Co.  carry  on  a  large  trade 
in  stoves  and  hardware,  and  the  Bardwell 
house  in  Rutland  has  belonged  to  him  for 
the  last  thirty  years.  He  is  now  president 
of  the  Baxter  National  bank,  the  Steam 
Stone  Cutter  Co.,  the  True  Blue  Marble 
Co.  and  the  Rutland  Street  railroad.  He 
was  a  state  senator  in  1886;  state  prison 
director  in  1882-92;  and  president  of  Rut 
land  village  for  several  terms. 

CRANCH,  CAROLINE  A.,  artist,  a 
daughter  of  Christopher  Pearse  Cranch. 
She  paints  figure  pieces  with  success,  and 
has  a  large  clientage  in  Cambridge,  Maes. 

CRANCH,  CHRISTOPHER  PEARSE, 
clergyman,  artist,  poet,  was  born  March 
8,  1813,  in  Alexandria,  Va.  His  best 
known  poem,  Thought,  was  written  for 
The  Dial.  His  work  as  a  poet  is  uneven, 
but  at  its  best  is  excellent.  It  never 
strongly  appealed  to  popular  tastes,  but 
was  always  appreciated  by  thoughtful 
minds.  He  is  the  author  of  Poems,  1844; 
The  Bird  and  the  Bell,  and  Other  Poems; 
Ariel  and  Caliban,  and  Other  Poems; 
Satan:  a  Libretto;  The  ^Eneid  in  English 
Blank  Verse.  The  Last  of  the  Hugger- 
muggers;  and  Kobboltzo,  are  juvenile 
prose  tales.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1892,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

CRANCH,  GEORGE,  painter.  He  was  a 
portrait  painter  of  Washington,  D.  C.; 
and  was  an  associate  in  the  National 
academy.  He  died  in  1891. 

CRANCH,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1726  in  England.  He  was  a 
lawyer  of  Braintree,  Mass.,  and  the  author 
of  Views  of  the  Prophets  concerning  Anti- 
Christ.  He  died  in  1811. 


260 


HKRKINT.SHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CRANCH,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  July  17,  1769,  in  Wey- 
mouth,  Mass.  He  was  a  noted  jurist  who 
was  chief  justice  of 
the  District  of  Co 
lumbia  in  1805-55. 
He  was  the  author 
of  Reports  of  Cases 
in  the  United  States 
district  court  of  the 
District  of  Columbia. 
1801-41;  and  Su 
preme  Court  Re 
ports,  1800-1815.  His 
decisions  have 
shown  groat  legal 
learning  and  a  clear 
judicial  mind.  He  died  Sept.  1,  1855,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

CRANDALL,  CHARLES  HENRY,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1858  in  New  York. 
He  is  the  author  of  Wayside  Music,  a 
volume  of  poems. 

CRANDALL,  CHARLES  L.,  educator, 
author,  was  born  July  20,  1850,  in  Bridge- 
water,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  instruc 
tor  in  civil  engineering,  assistant  profes 
sor  of  engineering,  and  associate  professor 
of  Cornell  university.  He  is  the  author 
of  Tables  for  the  Computation  of  Railway 
and  Other  Earthworks;  and  Notes  on  De 
scriptive  Geometry. 

CRANDALL,  LUCIAN  STEPHEN,  in 
ventor,  was  born  May  4,  1844,  in  New 
York.  He  invented  the  Crandall  type 
writer;  and  in  1886  he  organized  the  Par 
ish  Manufacturing  company  of  Parish, 
N.  Y..  and  began  the  manufacture  of  the 
American  Standard  and  Victoria.  They 
were  all  eventually  superseded  by  the  In 
ternational,  which  is  his  most  original 
and  best  work. 

CRANDALL,  ORESTES  AUGUSTUS, 
lawyer,  financier,  author,  was  born  Feb.  25, 
1833,  near  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to 
Illinois  in  infancy 
with  his  father; 
learned  the  wagon- 
maker's  trade;  and 
subsequently  became 
a  prominent  member 
of  the  Missouri  bar. 
In  1868  and  in  1872 
he  was  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  demo 
cratic  state  execu 
tive  committee;  and 
in  1868  was  a  candi 
date  for  state  sena 
tor.  In  1880  he  organized  the  Missouri 
Trust  company,  at  Sedalia,  Mo.,  and  is 
still  its  president.  In  1897  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  the  governor  of  Missouri  a 
member  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the 
state  geological  bureau.  His  chief  liter 
ary  works  are  a  book  on  Money,  and  sev- 
•eral  monographs  on  scientific  subjects. 

CRANDALL,  PRUDENCE,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  oept.  3,  1803,  in  Hopkin- 
ton,  R.  I.  She  opened  a  school  in  Canter 
bury,  Conn.,  for  young  ladies;  and  was 
soon  after  imprisoned  for  accepting  col 
ored  girls.  She  died  Jan.  28,  1889,  in  Elk 
Palls,  Kan: 

CRANDALL,  REUBEN,  physician,  was 
born  about  1805,  in  Westchester,  N.  Y. 
He  went  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  to  teach 
Ijotany  in  1835,  and  was  arrested  and  sent 
to  prison  on  the  charge  of  circulating  in 
cendiary  pamphlets.  He  died  Feb.  1, 
1838,  in  Jamaica,  W.  I. 

CRANE,  ANNE  MONCURE,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  7,  1838,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
In  1858  she  began  her  first  story,  entitled 
Emily  Chester,  which  was  published  sev 
eral  years  later.  She  was  also  the  au 
thor  of  Opportunity  and  Reginald  Archer. 
She  died  Deo.  10,  1873. 


CRANE,  CEPHAS  BENNETT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1833.  He  is  a 
baptist  clergyman  of  Boston,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Spiritual  Court  of  the  Chris 
tian  Church. 

CRANE,  ELVIN  WILLIAMSON,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  20, 
1853,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In  1888  he  was 
appointed  prosecutor  of  Sussex  county, 
N.  Y.,  and  in  1886  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature. 

CRANE,  FRANK  IRVING,  lumber  mer 
chant,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1848,  in  Sharon, 
Ohio.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
public  schools  and  the  academy  of  his 
native  city.  He  is  a  successful  lumber 
merchant  of  Austin,  Minn.;  and  has  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  been 
identified  with  the  business  interests  and 
prosperity  of  that  city.  He  has  served 
with  distinction  as  mayor;  and  unani 
mously  received  the  nomination  and 
election  to  a  second  term  by  all  the  party 
conventions  of  that  city. 

CRANE,  HENRY  C.,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1845,  in  Norton,  Mass. 
He  was  ordained  in  1873  as  a  congrega 
tional  minister,  and  has  filled  pastorates 
at  Franklin,  Mass.,  Allegheny  City,  Pa., 
and  Springfield,  Mo.  His  poems  have  ap 
peared  from  time  to  time  in  the  religious 
and  secular  press. 

CRANE,  JONATHAN  TOWNLEY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  18,  1819,  in 
Elizabeth,  N.  J.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  author 
of  Methodism  and  its  Methods;  The  Right 
Way;  Essay  on  Dancing;  Popular  Amuse 
ments;  Arts  of  Intoxication;  and  Holiness 
the  Birthright  of  all  God's  Children.  He 
died  Feb.  16,  1880,  in  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y. 

CRANE,  JOSEPH  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Elizabethtown. 
N.  J.  For  many  years  he  was  president 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1829  to  1837.  He  died  Nov.  12, 
1852,  in  Dayton,  Ohio. 

CRANE,   OLIVER,   clergyman,  oriental 
and  classical   scholar,  was   born  July  12, 
1822,  in  Montclair,  N.  J.     He  prepared  for 
college  in  his  native 
city;         graduated 
from  Yale  university 
in    1845;     and    from 
the   Union  Theologi 
cal  seminary  in  1848. 
He  then    spent    sev 
eral     years     in     the 
orient,     and      subse 
quently  filled  pastor- 
-    ates    in    Huron    and 
I   Waverly,  N.  Y.,    and 
.-tWfcfc.  ,4f,    in     Carbondale,     Pa. 

He  is  the  author  of 

a  critical  translation  of  Virgil's  .SSneid; 
a  volume  of  verse  entitled  Minto  and 
Other  Poems;  and  has  prepared-an  elab 
orate  Encyclopedia  Class  Record,  as  Class 
Secretary;  besides  many  articles  on  vari 
ous  subjects.  He  died  in  1896,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

CRANE,  RICHARD  T.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  1832,  in  Paterson,  N.  J.  He 
incorporated  the  business  with  $1,000,000 
capital  as  the  Northwestern  Manufactur 
ing  Co.,  reorganized  it  as  the  Crane 
Bro.'s  Manufacturing  Co.  and  later 
changed  it  to  the  Crane  Co. 

CRANE,  SIBYLLA  BAILEY,  educator, 
composer,  author,  was  born  July  30,  1851, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  She  is  a  director  and 
treasurer  of  the  Massachusetts  Society  for 
the  University  Education  of  Women;  di 
rector  of  the  Women's  Educational  and 
Industrial  union;  and  the  New  England 
Woman's  club.  She  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  entitled  Glimpses  of  the  Old 
World. 


CRANE,  STEPHEN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1774  to  1776. 

CRANE,  STEPHEN,  author,  was  born 
in  1870  in  New  Jersey.  He  is  a  popular 
novelist  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author 
of  George's  Mother;  The  Black  Riders  and 
Other  Lines,  a  collection  of  wilfully  ec 
centric  verse;  The  Red  Badge  of  Courage, 
a  striking  historical  romance  of  the  Civil 
War  in  America;  and  Maggie,  a  story 
of  slum  life. 

CRANE,  THOMAS  FREDERICK,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1844  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  professor  of  Romance  lan 
guages  at  Cornell  university,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Italian  Popular  Tales;  The  Ex- 
empla,  or  Illustrative  Stories  from  the 
Sermones  of  Jacques  de  Vitry;  Tableaux 
de  la  Revolution  Franchise;  Le  Roman- 
tisme  Frangaise;  La  SociStS  Fran- 
gaise  au  Dixsepti£me  Siecle;  and  Chan 
sons  Populaires  de  la  France. 

CRANE,  WILLIAM  CAREY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  17,  1816,  in 
Richmond,  Va.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man  of  Texas,  president  of  Baylor  univer 
sity  in  1863-85,  which  was  renamed  Crane 
college  in  his  honor  in  1885.  He  was  the 
author  of  Discourses;  Life  of  Sam.  Hous 
ton,  and  lesser  works.  He  died  Feb.  27, 
1885,  in  Independence,  Tex. 

CRANE,  WILLIAM  H.,  actor,  was  born 
April  30,  1845,  in  Leicester,  Mass.  He 
made  his  first  appearance  in  1876  in  New 
York  city;  and  has  attained  success  in 
The  Senator,  a  play  written  for  him  by 
David  D.  Lloyd,  which  has  been  played  in 
all  the  large  cities  of  the  United  States. 

CRANE,  WILLIAM  MONTGOMERY, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1776,  in 
Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  He  was  appointed 
navy  commissioner  in  1841,  and  in  1842 
chief  of  the  bureau  of  ordnance  and  hy 
drography.  He  died  by  his  own  hand 
March  18,  1846,  in  Washington. 

CRANE,  ZENAS,  manufacturer,  was 
born  Dec.  6,  1814,  in  Dalton,  Mass.  He  is 
a  partner  in  Z.  and  W.  M.  Crane,  Crane 
and  Co.  and  the  Berkshire  Mills  Co.,  and 
also  has  an  interest  in  the  Dalton  Shoe 
Co. 

CRANFILL,  JAMES  BRITTON,  clergy 
man,  prohibitionist,  was  born  Sept.  12, 
1858,  in  Parker  county,  Tex.  He  is  the 
editor  of  the  Texas  Baptist  Standard,  and 
has  filled  many  prominent  positions  in 
the  baptist  denomination.  In  1892  he  was 
a  candidate  for  vice-president  of  the 
United  States  on  the  prohibition  ticket. 

CRANFORD,  JOHN  WALTER,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  near  Grove  Hill. 
Ala.  He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate 
in  1888  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and  re- 
elected  in  1892.  He  served  in  the  senate 
as  chairman  of  judiciary  committee  No. 
1,  and  was  elected  president  pro  tempore 
of  the  twenty-second  senate.  .  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat  after  one  of  the  hottest  joint 
canvasses  ever  known  in  the  state. 

CRANK,  WILLIAM  J.  L.,  lawyer,  was 
born  June  2,  1867,  in  Stewartsville,  Mo. 
He  attended  the  Kansas  Normal  college, 
and  graduated  in  law  from  the  state  uni 
versity  of  Kansas  in  1889.  He  practiced 
his  profession  a  while  in  Hill  City;  then 
in  Laramie  City,  Wyo.;  and  in  1892 
moved  to  Denver,  Colo.,  where  he  has  at 
tained  eminent  success,  and  stands  at  the 
head  of  the  bar  as  a  trial  lawyer  and  ad 
vocate.  He  has  taken  an  active  interest 
in  local  and  national  politics,  and  has  con 
tributed  to  the  success  of  the  republican 
party  in  numerous  state  campaigns. 


HKRRIXGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


261 


CRANSTON,  HENRY  YOUNG,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
9,  1789,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  In  1818  he  was 
elected  clerk  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas,  and  held  the  office  until  1833.  He 
was  for  twenty-five  years  annually  elected 
moderator  for  the  town  of  Newport;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  lower  branch  of  the 
legislature;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1843  to  1847,  when  he  was 
returned  to  the  legislature,  and  was  sev 
eral  times  speaker  of  that  body  until  1854. 
He  died  Feb.  12,  1864,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

CRANSTON,  JOHN,  president  of  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  attorney-general  of  the 
colony:  was  deputy  governor  in  1672, 
which  he  filled  until  elected  governor  in 
1678.  which  office  he  held  until  his  death, 
March  12.  1680. 

CRANSTON,  JOHN  SAMUEL,  president 
of  Rhode  Island,  was  a  son  of  John  Crans 
ton.  In  1698  he  became  governor,  and 
was  thirty  times  successively  chosen  to 
that  place,  holding  the  office  until  his 
death  in  1727. 

CRANSTON,  ROBERT  BENNIE.  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1791, 
in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  a  banker  fov 
several  years,  was  postmaster,  and  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature,  serving 
for  one  term  as  speaker.  Subsequently 
he  was  sent  to  congress  as  a  law-and-or- 
der  whig,  and  served  in  1847-49.  He  be 
queathed  $75,000  to  those  poor  of  Newport 
who  are  too  honest  to  steal  and  too  proud 
to  beg.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1873,  in  New 
port,  R.  I. 

CRAPO,  HENRY  ROWLAND,  lumber 
manufacturer,  state  senator,  governor, 
was  born  May  24,  1804,  in  Dartmouth, 
Mass.  He  moved  to  Michigan  in  1857. 
was  for  a  time  mayor  of  Flint,  and 
served  in  the  state  senate.  He  was  twice 
elected  governor  of  the  state,  in  1864  and 
1866,  performing  important  services  dur 
ing  the  progress  of  the  rebellion.  He 
died  July  23,  1869,  in  Flint,  Mich. 

CRAPO,  PHILIP  M.,  soldier,  statesman, 
financier,  was  born  June  30,  1844,  in  Free 
town,  Mass.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  public  and 
high  schools  of  New 
Bedford,  Mass.  He 
has  become  promi 
nent  in  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of 
Burlington,  Iowa, 
where  he  has  filled 
various  important 
offices,  including  that, 
of  president  of  thu 
board  of  trustees  of 
the  free  public  li 
brary,  president  of 
the  board  of  park  commissioners,  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  trade,  president  of 
the  board  of  commissioners,  who  had 
charge  of  the  Iowa  semi-centennial 
celebration  at  Burlington  during  October, 
1896,  and  president  of  the  Commercial 
club.  He  has  been  prominent  in  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  affairs;  was  chief- 
ly  instrumental  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Iowa  soldiers'  home;  and  was  also 
one  of  the  chief  promoters  of  the  Iowa 
soldiers'  monument.  He  has  been  a  can 
didate  for  the  state  senate  and  for  gov 
ernor  of  Iowa.  For  four  years  he  was 
chairman  of  the  congressional  commit 
tee,  and  is  now  the  financial  correspon 
dent  for  the  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  In 
surance  company.  He  has  secured  for 
Burlington  one  of  the  most  beautiful  pub 
lic  parks  in  the  west,  which  bears  his 
name.  He  has  also  built  for  the  city  the 
finest  public  library  building  in  the  state 
of  Iowa,  paying  one-half  the  cost. 


CRAPO,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  16,  1830,  in 
Dartmouth,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1857; 
and  in  1875  was  elected  a  representative 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress  to  fill  a  va 
cancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

CRAPO,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  May  16,  1830, 
in  Dartmouth,  Mass.  Since  1882  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Flint,  Pere  and  Mar- 
quette  railway. 

CRARY,  HORACE  H.,  tanner,  was  born 
Aug.  29,  1824,  in  Liberty,  N.  Y.  In  dif 
ferent  firms  he  is  interested  in  tanneries 
at  Sheffield,  and  in  the  Penn  and  the 
Union  Tanning  companies,  each  of  them 
virtually  a  syndicate  of  tanners.  He  was 
active  in  forming  the  United  States  Leath 
er  company,  and  his  interests  are  now 
merged  therein. 

CRARY,  ISAAC  E.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Preston,  Conn. 
He  moved  to  the  territory  of  Michigan, 
and  was  appointed  a  general  of  militia. 
He  was  elected  a  delegate  to  congress 
from  the  territory  in  1835  and  1836;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  the  time  of  its  admission 
into  the  union  in  1836  to  1841.  He  died 
May  8,  1854,  in  Marshall,  Mich. 

CRAVATH,  ERASTUS  MILO,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
July  1,  1833,  in  Homer,  N.  Y.  He  received 
his  education  at  the 
Homer  academy,  Ob- 
erlin  college,  and  the 
Theological  semi 
nary.  He  has  been 
pastor  of  the  congre 
gational  church  of 
Berlin  Heights, 
Ohio,  and  served  as 
chaplain  of  the  one 
hundred  and  first, 
regiment  Ohio  vol 
unteer  infantry  dur 
ing  the  civil  war.  He 
has  been  the  field  agent,  district  secre 
tary  and  general  field  secretary  of  the 
American  Missionary  association  of  New 
York.  He  'has  been  eminently  success 
ful  in  all  his  labors,  and  is  now  the  hon 
ored  president  of  the  Fisk  university  of 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

CRAVEN,  BRAXTON,  college  president, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1822,  in  Deep 
River,  N.  C.  He  was  first  and  third  pres 
ident  of  Trinity  college;  and  the  author 
of  Bullion's  English  Grammar;  An  Histor 
ical  Sketch  of  Trinity  College,  and  one  or 
two  sermons  and  novelettes.  He  died 
Nov.  7,  1882,  in  Trinity  college. 

CRAVEN,  CHARLES  HENDERSON, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1843,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  In  1874  he  became 
executive  officer  of  the  Kearsarge,  of  the 
Pacific  squadron,  and  later  of  the  Mono- 
cacy. 

CRAVEN,  ELIJA  RICHARDSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  28,  1824, 
in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  has  filled  pas 
torates  in  the  presbyterian  churches  of 
Somerville  and  Newark,  N.  J.;  and  is  the 
author  of  many  articles  for  reviews. 

CRAVEN,  HENRY  SMITH,  civil  en 
gineer,  inventor,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1845,  in 
Bound  Brook,  N.  J.  He  took  charge  of 
the  construction  of  the  new  Croton  aque 
duct  in  New  York,  up  to  1886.  He  is  the 
in\entor  of  an  automatic  trip  for  mining 
buckets,  and  of  a  tunneling  machine. 

CRAVENS,  JAMES  A.,  soldier,  agricul 
turist,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  4, 
1818,  in  Rockingham  county,  Va.  In  1848- 


49  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  In 
diana;  in  1850  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate,  serving  three  years;  and  in  1854  was 
commissioned  a  brigadier-general  of  mi 
litia.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Indiana  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thir 
ty-eighth  congress. 

CRAVENS,  JAMES  H.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1798  in  Rocking 
ham  county,  Va.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Indiana  from  1841 
to  1843;  and  was  subsequently  a  candi 
date  of  the  free-soil  party  for  the  office 
of  governor.  He  served  as  colonel  of  an 
Indiana  regiment  during  the  war  for  the 
suppression  of  the  rebellion. 

CRAVENS,  JORDAN  E.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  7,  1830,  in  Fredericktown,  Mo.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1860;  and  served  in  the  confed 
erate  army  throughout  the  war,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  a  state  sena 
tor  in  1866;  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1872;  and  was  elected  a  i-epresentative 
from  Arkansas  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

CRAWFORD,  MRS.  ALICE  [ARNOLD], 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1850,  in  Wis 
consin.  She  was  a  Milwaukee  writer  who 
published  A  Few  Thoughts  for  a  Few 
Friends,  a  collection  of  poems.  She  uied 
in  1874. 

CRAWFORD,  ANDREW  J.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1837,  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Pa.  Since  1891  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Nashville  ami  Knox- 
ville  railroad. 

CRAWFORD,  DUGAL,  merchant,  was 
born  Feb.  2,  1830,  In  Scotland.  He  came 
to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  commenced  the  dry 
goods  business,  which  is  now  one  of  the 
largest  concerns  in  the  country.  He  is 
one  of  the  trustees  of  Drury  college,  and 
is  the  first  and  only  president  since  the 
starting  of  the  Congregational  City  Mis 
sionary  society  of  St.  Louis  in  1887. 

CRAWFORD,  FRANCIS  MARION,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1854,  in  Italy.  He 
is  the  author  of  Mr.  Isaacs;  Dr.  Claudius; 
A  Roman  Singer;  To  Leeward;  An  Ameri 
can  Politician;  Zoroaster;  Adam  John- 
stone's  Sin;  A  Tale  of  a  Lonely  Parish; 
Saracinesca;  Marzio's  Crucifix;  Paul 
Patoff;  With  the  Immortals;  Greifenstein; 
Sant'  Ilario;  A  Cigarette-Maker's  Ro 
mance;  Khaled;  The  Witch  of  Prague; 
The  Three  Fates;  Don  Orsino;  Children 
of  the  King;  Pietro  Ghisleri;  Marion 
Darche;  The  Ralstons;  Katherine  Lau- 
derdale;  Casa  Braccio;  Love  in  Idleness, 
a  Tale  of  Bar  Harbour;  The  Novel:  What 
it  Is;  Constantinople,  a  book  of  travels; 
and  Taquisara. 

CRAWFORD,  GEORGE  WASHING 
TON,  lawyer,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  Dec.  22,  1798,  in  Columbia  county, 
Ga.  In  1827  he  was 
elected  attorney-gen 
eral,  and  continued 
in  that  office  until 
1831.  He  was  in  the 
state  legislature 
from  1837  to  1842; 
and  in  1843  was 
elected  to  congress 
to  fill  a  vacancy.  He 
was  elected  governor 
of  the  state  in  1843, 
and  re-elected  in 
1845.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  President  Taylor's  cabinet  as  sec 
retary  of  war.  He  died  July  22,  1872,  in 
Richmond  county,  Ga. 


262 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


Oakham,   Mass. 


CRAWFORD,  HENRY  CLAY,  businsss 
man,  legislator,  was  born  in  1857  in  Bain- 
bridge;  Ga.  He  is  a  successful  dealer  in 
real  estate  at  Tallahassee,  Fla.  In  1885 
he  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  Florida  state  legislature,  and  is 
now  assistant  secretary  of  state. 

CRAWFORD,  J.  P.,  physician,  lecturer, 
was  born  Aug.  27,  1855,  near  Cedar  Rap 
ids,  Iowa.  Since  1883  he  has  practiced 
medicine  and  surgery  continuously  in 
Davenport,  Iowa.  For  many  years  he 
was  president  of  the  Iowa  and  Illinois 
District  Medical  association,  and  has  writ 
ten  pamphlets  and  important  articles  for 
current  medical  publications. 

CRAWFORD,  JOEL,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  15,  1783,  in 
Columbia  county,  Ga.  In  1813  he  joined 
the  army  of  Gen.  Floyd,  and  served 
throughout  the  whole  campaign  as  aid- 
de-camp  to  the  general.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  state  legislature;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1817  to  1821.  He  died  April  5,  1858. 

CRAWFORD,  JOHN  G.,  lawyer,  orator, 
legislator,  was  born  April  21,  1834,  in 
At  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war  he  enlisted 
in  the  second  regi 
ment  of  the  Michi 
gan  cavalry  and  be 
came  a  sergeant-ma 
jor  and  colonel.  On 
his  return  from  the 
I  war  he  was  elected  a 
I  member  of  the  Mich- 
|  igan  state  senate. 
Since  then  he  has 
held  numerous  im 
portant  elective  and 
appointive  offices, 
and  was  a  consul  in  Canada  during  Pres 
ident  Garfield's  administration.  As  a 
platform  speaker,  Col.  Crawford  has  no 
equal,  and  has  been  a  speaker  in  every 
political  campaign  since  1856.  He  has 
resided  in  New  Hampshire  most  of  the 
time  since  1870.  He  knew  John  Brown 
personally,  and  escaped  lynching  more 
than  once  during  the  bleeding  Kansas 
troubles  in  1855-56,  in  which  he  was  a 
prominent  factor. 

CRAWFORD,  JOHN  LOUICK,  physi 
cian,  legislator,  was  born  in  Covington, 
Ga.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Emory  college  and  the  university  of 
Georgia.  He  has  attained  success  as  one 
of  the  foremost  physicians  of  the  south 
at  Crawfordsville,  Fla.  He  served  with 
distinction  as  a  state  senator  in  the  Flor 
ida  legislature;  and  is  now  secretary  of 
state  for  the  state  of  Florida. 

CRAWFORD,  LEONARD  J.,  lawyer, 
politician,  was  born  April  29,  1860,  in 
Newport,  Ky.  In  1882  he  graduated  from 
the  Cincinnati  Law  school,  and  since  that 
time  has  practiced  in  his  native  city.  In 
1892  he  was  a  candidate  for  attorney-gen 
eral;  was  president  of  the  republican 
state  league  of  Kentucky  during  1892-95; 
and  in  1897  was  elected  president  of  the 
national  republican  league. 

CRAWFORD.  MARTIN  JENKINS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  March 
17,  1820,  in  Jasper  county,  Ga.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Georgia  legislature  from 
1845  to  1847;  and  in  1853  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  superior  court.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  thirty-fourth  and 
thirty-fifth  congresses;  and  was  also 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
joined  the  great  rebellion  of  that  year  as 
a  member  of  the  confederate  congress,  and 
was  a  commissioner  to  Washington.  He 
died  July  22,  1883,  in  Columbus,  Ga. 


CRAWFORD,  NATHANIEL  MORTON, 
clergyman,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  March  22,  1811,  in  Oglethorpe  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  a  baptist  minister  of  Ken 
tucky;  president  of  Georgetown  college, 
Ky.,  in  1865-71,  and  the  author  of  Chris 
tian  Paradoxes.  He  died  Oct.  27,  1871, 
in  Walker  county,  Va. 

CRAWFORD,  S.  J.,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Kansas  from  1864  to  1869. 

CRAWFORD,  SAMUEL  WYLIE,  sol 
dier,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Nov.  8, 
1829,  in  Franklin  county,  Pa.  In  1851  he 
became  an  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  Unit 
ed  States  army.  He 
served  with  distinc 
tion  in  the  Shenan- 
doah  campaign,  be 
ing  present  at  the 
battles  of  Winches 
ter  and  Cedar  Moun 
tain,  losing  one-half 
of  his  brigade  in  the 
last  named  action. 
At  the  battle  of  An- 
tietam  he  had  com 
mand  of  a  division,  and  was  severely 
wounded. 

CRAWFORD,  THOMAS,  sculptor,  was 
born  March  22,  1814,  in  New  York  city.  He 
has  attained  a  national  reputation  as  a 
sculptor.  Some  of  his  most  celebrated 
works  are:  The  Genius  of  Mirth;  Vesta; 
Adam  and  Eve;  David  Before  Saul;  and 
Flora.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1857,  in  London, 
England. 

CRAWFORD,  THOMAS  HARTLEY, 
lawyer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born  Nov. 
14,  1786,  in  Chambersburg,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1829  to  1833,  and  during  the 
last  named  year  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature.  In  1838  he  was  appointed  com 
missioner  of  Indian  affairs,  and  took  up 
his  residence  in  Washington,  holding  that 
office  for  seven  years.  In  1845  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  criminal  court  of  the 
District  of  Columbia.  He  died  Jan.  27, 
1863,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CRAWFORD,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  moved  to  Ala 
bama  in  1810;  held  a  number  of  federal 
and  state  offices;  was  receiver  of  moneys 
for  public  lands;  and  a  commissioner  to 
settle  certain  claims  under  a  treaty  with 
England,  France  and  Spain.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate;  was  United 
States  district  attorney  for  Alabama;  and 
was  judge  of  the  United  States  district 
court  for  Alabama.  He  died  April  28, 
1849,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 

CRAWFORD,  WILLIAM,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1760  in  Scot 
land.  He  was  the  pioneer  physician  of 
Marsh  Creek,  Pa.;  became  interested  in 
politics,  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1809  to  1817.  He  died  in 
1823. 

CRAWFORD,  WILLIAM  HARRIS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Feb.  24,  1772,  in  Amherst  county,  Va. 
In  1799  he  was  ap 
pointed  to  prepare  a 
digest  of  the  laws  of 
Georgia.  He  served 
four  years  in  the 
state  legislature;  and 
was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Geor 
gia  from  '  1807  to 
1813.  In  1815  he  be 
came  secretary  of 
war;  and  in  1817  was 
appointed  secretary 
of  the  treasury, 
where  he  served  with  marked  ability  un 
til  1825.  In  1827  he  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  northern  circuit  of  Georgia,  which 


office  he  held   until  his  death.     He  died 
Sept.  15,  1834,  in  Albert  county,  Ga. 

CRAWFORD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  Oct.  6,  1855,  in  Milton  Center,  111. 
He  is  an  active  worker  in  the  Epworth 
league,  and  as  a  lecturer  has  gained  an 
enviable  reputation.  Since  1893  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Alleghany  college  of 
Meadville,  Pa. 

CRAWFORD,  WILLIAM  THOMAS, 
merchant,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  June  1,  1856,  in  Haywood  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1884  and  in 
1886;  was  a  demo 
cratic  elector  in 
1888;  and  was  en- 
|j  grossing  clerk  of  the 
state  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  1889. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses 
as  a  democrat.  He 
graduated  in  law 
from  the  state  university  of  North  Caro 
lina. 

CREAMER,  THOMAS  J.,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  May  26, 
1843,  in  Ireland.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  in  1864,  1865  and  1866; 
to  the  state  senate  in  1867  and  1869;  and 
was  appointed  tax  commissioner  for  New 
York  city  in  1869,  serving  until  1873.  He 
was  president  of  the  young  democrats' 
general  committee  in  1870;  delegate  to  the 
Baltimore  national  convention  in  1872; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

CREBS,  JOHN  M.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  7,  1832,  in  Lon 
don  county,  Va.  In  1862  he  entered  the 
volunteer  army  as  lieutenant-colonel;  par 
ticipated  in  all  the  Mississippi  movements 
until  the  capture  of  Vicksburg,  and  was 
also  in  the  Arkansas  campaign,  command 
ing  a  brigade  of  cavalry  in  the  dopart- 
ment  of  the  gulf.  In  1868  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the  for 
ty-first  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress. 

CREEDE,  NICHOLAS  C.,  gold  miner, 
was  born  April  4,  1842,  in  Fort  Wayne, 
Ind.  In  1862  he  went  to  Colorado  in 
search  of  adventure,  and  found  it  in  seven 
years  of  service  as  a  United  States  scout, 
holding  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  He 
has  since  become  famous  as  the  founder 
of  the  Creede  mining  camp  in  Colorado, 
together  with  quite  a  number  of  other 
flourishing  camps. 

CREEL,  HEBER  MANSFIELD,  soldier, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1856,  in  La 
Fayette  county,  Mo.  He  attended  the 
United  States  mili 
tary  academy  at 
West  Point,  N.  Y., 
and  was  subsequent 
ly  appointed  second 
lieutenant  of  the 
seventh  United 
States  cavalry.  He 
has  been  chairman 
of  the  Boone  county 
commissioners,  N.  D. ; 
register  of  deeds  for 
eight  years  in  North 
Dakota;  chairman  of 
the  county  and  state  republican  commit 
tees;  and  has  filled  various  other  political 
offices  of  honor.  He  has  been  inspector 
and  judge  advocate  general  of  the  North 
Dakota  National  guard;  and  president  of 
the  state  military  board.  He  received  the 
election  as  state  senator  of  the  twenty- 
first  district  of  North  Dakota  for  four 
years,  commencing  in  January,  1897. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


263 


CREELY,  JOHN  V.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1839,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  army  as  an 
officer  of  light  artillery  throughout  the 
late  rebellion.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
councils  of  Philadelphia  for  four  years; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

CREERY,  WILLIAM  RUFUS,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  May 
9,  1824,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  elected 
city  superintendent  of  public  instruction 
of  Baltimore  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and 
in  1872  was  re-elected.  In  conjunction 
with  Prof.  M.  A.  Newell  he  prepared  the 
Maryland  series  of  school-books,  which 
includes  Primary-School  Spelling-Book; 
Grammar-School  Spelling-Book;  a  series 
of  six  Readers;  and  Catechism  of  United 
States  History.  He  died  May  1,  1875,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

CREIGHTON,  HUGH  L.,  soldier,  busi 
ness  man.  was  born  Jan.  27,  1837,  in 
Louisa  county,  Iowa.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  as  a  soldier  in  company  A., 
thirtieth  regiment  Iowa  volunteer  infan 
try,  and  was  promoted  to  captain.  He 
served  with  distinction  in  the  battles  of 
Wilson's  Creek,  Mo.;  Chicasaw  Bayou, 
Miss.;  Arkansas  Post;  Siege  of  Vicks- 
burg;  Lookout  Mountain;  Missionary 
Ridge,  and  other  battles.  For  many  years 
he  was  a  public  school  teacher;  and  is 
now  engaged  in  business  in  Oakville, 
Iowa,  where  he  takes  a  prominent  part  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

CREIGHTON,  JOHNSTON  BLAKE- 
LEY,  naval  officer,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1822, 
in  Rhode  Island.  He  became  a  commo 
dore  in  1874;  was  commandant  of  the 
Norfolk  navy-yard  in  1879,  and  was  re 
tired  with  the  rank  of  rear-admiral  in 
1883.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1883,  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J. 

CREIGHTON,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  29,  1778,  in  Berkeley  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  the  first  secretary  of 
state  for  Ohio;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1813  to 
1817,  and  again  from  1827  to  1833.  He 
died  Oct.  8,  1851,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

CREIGHTON,  WILLIAM,  JR.,  lawyer, 
jurist.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  the  district  of  Ohio. 

CRELE,  JOSEPH,  centenarian,  was 
born  in  1725,  in  Detroit,  Mich.  He  bore 
arms  at  Braddock's  defeat,  and  before  the 
revolution  was  employed  in  carrying  let 
ters  between  Prairie  du  Chien  and  Green 
Bay.  He  settled  in  Wisconsin  during  the 
revolutionary  war.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1866, 
in  Caledonia,  Wis. 

CRENSHAW,  WALTER  HENRY,  law 
yer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born  July  7, 
1817,  in  Abbeville  district,  S.  C.  He  was 
from  1838  till  1867  a  member  of  either 
the  upper  or  lower  house  of  the  Alabama 
legislature,  officiating  as  speaker  of  the 
house  in  1861-65,  and  president  of  the  sen 
ate  in  1865-67.  He  died  in  1878,  in  Ala 
bama. 

CRESSEY,  GEORGE  CROSWELL,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April 
1,  1856,  in  Buxton,  Maine.  He  graduated 
from  Bowdoin  college,  the  university  of 
Wooster,  the  university  of  Leipzig,  and 
the  Andover  Theological  seminary;  and 
has  received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  For  a 
while  he  was  engaged  in  educational  work, 
and  filled  the  chair  of  modern  languages 
In  the  Washburn  college.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  clergyman  of  the  Unitarian 
church;  and  now  fills  the  pastorate  in 
Northampton,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Essential  Man;  Mental  Evolution; 
Philosophy  of  Religion;  The  Doctrine  of 
Immortality  of  Liberal  Thought;  and  nu 
merous  published  sermons  and  addresses. 


CRESSON,  JOHN  CHAPMAN,  farmer, 
educator,  civil  engineer,  was  born  in 
1806,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
given  the  chair  of  mechanics  and 
natural  philosophy  in  Franklin  insti 
tute  in  1837,  and  in  1855  was  made 
its  president.  He  was  president  of  the 
Mine  Hill  and  Schuylkill  Haven  Rail 
road  company  In  1847-76,  and  one  of 
the  original  Fairmount  park  commission 
ers,  afterward  becoming  chief  engineer  of 
that  park.  He  died  in  1876,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

CRESWELL,  JOHN  A.  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  1?,  1828,  in  Port  Deposit,  Md.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  house  of 
delegates  in  1861  and  1862;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Maryland  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  in  1865 
was  chosen  a  senator  in  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  loyalists'  convention  of  1866,  the 
border  states  convention,  held  in  Balti- 
moie  in  1867,  and  the  Chicago  convention 
of  1868.  In  1869  he  entered  the  cabinet  ot 
President  Grant  as  postmaster-general. 
He  died  Dec.  23,  1891,  in  Elkton,  Ind. 

CRESWELL,  MRS.  JULIA  PLEAS- 
ANTS,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  21, 
1827,  in  Huntsville,  Ala.  She  was  a  south 
ern  writer  who  published  Aphelia  and 
Other  Poems  by  Two  Cousins;  and  Cal- 
lamura,  an  allegorical  novel.  She  died 
June  9,  1886,  in  Shreveport,  La. 

CREW,  HENRY,  educator,  author,  was 
born  June  4,  1859,  in  Richmond,  Ohio. 
He  has  filled  the  chair  of  physics  in  the 
Johns  Hopkins  university,  and  in  the 
Haverford  college  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In 
1891-92  he  was  astronomer  at  the  Lick 
observatory,  and  since  1892  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  physics  in  the  Northwestern 
university.  He  is  the  author  of  various 
papers  on  spectroscopy. 

CREWES,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Northwestern 
university,  the  Garrett  Biblical  institute, 
and  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  university. 
For  several  years  he  was  a  member  of 
the  joint  board  of  trustees  and  visitors 
of  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  university.  He 
is  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  Metho 
dist  Episcopal  church  in  the  central  Illi 
nois  conference;  and  now  fills  a  pastor 
ate  in  Dwight,  111.  During  1892-96  he  was 
the  first  president  of  the  Eighth  General 
Conference  District  Epworth  League. 

CREWSON,  EVANDER  A.,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  8,  1849,  in  Washington  county, 
Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  Old  Times. 

CRILL,  LOUIS  N.,  merchant,  poet,  was 
born  June  3,  1867,  in  Spragueville,  Iowa. 
He  has  attained  success  as  a  merchant  in 
Richland,  S.  D.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  poems  which  have  been  pub 
lished  in  the  periodical  press  and  given  a 
place  in  several  standard  works. 

CRIMMINS,  JOHN  DANIEL,  'con 
tractor,  was  born  May  18,  1844,  in  New 
York  city.  He  laid  the  foundations  for 
the  Manhattan  rail 
way,  built  the  elec 
trical  subway,  has 
laid  many  miles  of 
gas  mains,  built  the 
tank  foundations  for 
various  gas  compa 
nies  and  constructed 
the  Broadway  and 
the  street  railroads 
on  Lexington,  Lenox 
and  Columbus  aven 
ues.  He  is  also  a 
director  in  various 
corporations  in  New  York  city. 


CRIPPEN,  GEORGE  p.,  educator,  min 
ing  engineer,  state  legislator,  was  born 
May  13,  1861,  in  Washtenaw  county,  Mich. 
Received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  ihe  district 
schools,  and  subse 
quently  attended  the 
State  Normal  school 
of  Ypsilantl  for 
three  ye  a  r  s.  For 
many  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educa 
tional  work  as  prin 
cipal  of  the  Stam- 
baugh  schools.  He  is 
a  successful  mining 

engineer;  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace, 
county  surveyor,  and  filled  various  other 
public  positions  of  trust.  During  1897-98 
he  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  Michigan  state  legislature. 

CRISFIELD,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1808,  in  Kent 
county,  Md.  He  was  elected  to  the  Mary 
land  legislature  in  1836;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1847  to  1849.  In  1850  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion;  in  1861  was  a  delegate  to  the  peace 
congress;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Maryland  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress. 

CRISP,  CHARLES  FREDERICK,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  29,  1845,  in  England.  He  was  a 
lieutenant  in  the  confederate  army  from 
1861  to  1864,  when  he  was  taken  prisoner. 
In  1872  he  was  appointed  solicitor-general 
of  the  southwestern  circuit;  and  in  1873 
was  reappointed  for  a  term  of  four  years. 
In  the  latter  year  he  moved  to  Americus. 
Ga.;  in  1877  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
superior  court  of  the  southwestern  judi 
cial  circuit;  and  in  1878  was  elected  to 
the  same  office;  and  in  1880  was  re- 
elected  for  a  term  of  four  years.  He  re 
signed  in  1882  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Georgia  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress;  and  received  the  re-election  to 
the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second,  fifty-third,  and  fifty-fourth  as  a 
democrat;  and  served  as  speaker  of  the 
house  in  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third 
congresses. 

CRISP,  CHARLES  R.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1870, 
in  Ellaville,  Ga.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat,  with 
out  opposition,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  death  of  his  father,  the  Hon. 
Charles  F.  Crisp.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  lawyer  in  Americus,  Ga.,  where 
he  is  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Hooper 
and  Crisp.  While  in  congress  he  took  an 
active  part  in  debates  on  various  meas 
ures  which  affected  the  welfare  o*  his 
state;  and  as  a  rising  lawyer  has  al 
ready  attained  eminence  at  the  bar  of 
the  south. 

CRISPIN,  SILAS,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1830,  in  Pennsylvania.  He  received 
successive  brevets  to  include  that  of  colo 
nel  in  the  regular  army  at  the  close  of 
the  civil  war,  but  did  not  receive  his  pro 
motion  as  major  of  ordnance  until  1867. 
In  1875  he  was  promoted  lieutenant-colo 
nel,  and  colonel  in  1881. 

CRIST,  HENRY,  manufacturer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1764, 
in  Virginia.  He  became  extensively  en 
gaged  in  the  manufacture  of  salt  in  Bullitt 
county,  Ky.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature  in  1795;  a  state  sena 
tor  from  1800  to  1804;  and  a  representa 
tive  from  Kentucky  in  congress  from  1809 
to  1811.  He  died  in  1844,  in  Bullitt  county, 
Ky. 


264 


HBRBINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CRITCHKR,  JOHN,  soldier,  planter, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
March  11,  1820,  in  Westmoreland  county, 
Va.  He  received  his  education  at  Brent's 
Classical  school,  the  university  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  the  university  of  France.  He 
is  a  successful  planter  and  lawyer  of  his 
native  state  at  Alexandria,  and  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  He  has  been  commonwealth 
attorney  of  his  county;  twice  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  of  Virginia;  was  a 
member  of  the  secession  convention  of 
Virginia  in  1861;  served  as  lieutenant-col 
onel  of  the  fifteenth  Virginia  cavalry  dur 
ing  the  civil  war;  and  commanded  the 
Lomax  brigade  at  Cold  Harbor.  He  has 
been  judge  of  the  tenth  judicial  circuit 
of  Virginia,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
forty-second  congress  of  the  United 
States.  For  the  last  eighteen  years  he 
has  practiced  law  in  the  city  of  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.;  and  in  the  seventy-fifth 
year  of  his  age  his  cash  professional  re 
ceipts  amounted  to  nearly  forty  thousand 
dollars. 

CRITCHETT,  CLARA  A.,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  in  Maine.  She  has  at 
tained  success  as  an  educator;  and  is  the 
author  of  several  poems  of  merit  which 
have  generally  appeared  under  the  nom  de 
plume  of  Feme  Arland. 

CR1TTENDEN,  GEORGE  BIBB,  soldier, 
state  librarian,  was  born  March  20,  1812, 
in  Russellville,  Ky.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  confederate  service;  was  commis 
sioned  brigadier-general;  and  became 
major-general.  During  1867-71  he  was 
state  librarian  in  Frankfort,  Ky.  He  died 
Nov.  27,  1880,  in  Danville,  Ky. 

CRI1TENDEN,  JOHN  JORDAN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  governor,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  10, 
1787,  in  Woodford 
county,  Ky.  H  « 
served  during  the 
war  of  1812  as  a 
major.  He  became  a 
lawyer  and  served  a 
number  of  years  in 
the  state  legislature; 
and  in  1817-1  9  as  a 
member  of  the 
United  States  senate 
from  Kentucky.  In 
1835  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  United 
States  senate;  and  in  1841  was  appointed 
attorney  general  by  President  Harrison. 
During  1843-49  he  was  again  a  member 
of  the  United  States  senate;  and  again 
received  the  re-election  in  1855.  In  1860 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress.  He 
was  also  governor  of  Kentucky  in  1848-50. 
He  died  July  26,  1863,  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

CRITTENDEN,  THOMAS  LEONIDAS, 
soldier,  lawyer,  merchant,  was  born  May 
15,  1815,  in  Russellville,  Ky.  In  1842  he 
became  attorney  for  the  commonwealth. 
He  served  in  the  Mexican  war  as  a  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  During  1849-53  he  was 
United  States  consul  to  Liverpool,  Eng 
land.  He  served  with  distinction  through 
the  civil  war,  and  was  promoted  major- 
general. 

CRITTENDEN,  THOMAS  T.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  about 
1828,  in  Alabama.  He  was  appointed  at 
torney-general  of  Missouri  in  1864  to  fill 
an  unt'xpired  term;  and  was  elected  to 
the  forty-third  and  forty-fifth  congresses 
from  Missouri.  He  was  elected  governor 
of  Missouri  for  the  term  of  four  years, 
and  served  during  1881-84. 

CROCHERON,  AUGUSTA  J.,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1844,  in  Boston, 


Mass.  She  has  been  very  prominent  in 
Women's  Mutual  Improvement  associa 
tions;  and  has  been  recording  secretary 
of  more  than  a  score  of  associations.  In 
1881  she  published  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  Wild  Flowers  of  Deseret;  and  in 
1884  appeared  Representative  Women  of 
Deseret,  a  biographical  work.  She  has 
taken  three  gold  medals  and  several  cash 
prizes  for  Christmas  stories. 

CROCHERON,  HENRY,  '  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1815  to  1817. 

CROCHERON,  JACOB,  congressman, 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1829  to  1831;  and  in  1837 
was  a  presidential  elector. 

CROCKER,  ALVAH,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
14,  1801,  in  Leominster,  Mass.  He  be 
came  proprietor  of  a  paper  manufactory; 
was  president  of  the  Boston  and  Fitch- 
burg  railroad;  and  a  commissioner  of  the 
Hoosac  tunnel.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1836,  1842,  and  1843; 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  two 
terms;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
second  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a 
republican.  He  died  Dec.  26,  1874,  in 
Fitchburg,  Mass. 

CROCKER,  CHARLES,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1822,  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.  He  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits 
in  Sacramento  in  1852,  with  one  of  his 
brothers,  and  eventually  made  his  store 
the  leading  dry  goods  house  of  the  city. 
In  1854  he  was  elected  to  the  common 
council  of  Sacramento,  and  in  1860  to  the 
legislature. 

CROCKER,  GEORGE  GLOVER,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1843,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston;  and 
the  author  of  Principles  of  Procedure  in 
Deliberative  Assemblies. 

CROCKER,  GEORGE  LOUIS,  lawyer, 
orator,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1864,  in  Copper 
City,  Cal.  In  1890  he  graduated  from  the 
college  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.;  and  has 
since  attained  prominence  as  an  able  law 
yer  of  Merced,  Cal.,  and  a  leading  orator 
of  that  state.  He  has  been  editor  of  the 
Merced  Express;  and  has  filled  several 
positions  of  honor  in  his  county  and 
state. 

CROCKER,  MRS.  HANNAH  MATHER, 
author,  was  born  in  1765,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
She  was  the  author  of  Letters  on  Free 
Masonry;  The  School  of  Reform;  and 
Observations  on  the  Rights  of  Woman. 
She  died  July  10,  1847,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 

CROCKER,  MARCELLUS  M.,  soldier, 
was  born  Feb.  6,  1830,  in  Franklin,  Ind. 
He  entered  the  army  in  1861;  and  was 
appointed  brigadier-general  in  1861.  He 
died  Aug.  26,  1865,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CROCKER,  MARTIN,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  in  1858,  in  New  Balti 
more,  Mich.  Since  1880  he  has  practiced 
law  in  Mt.  Clemens,  Mich.;  and  for  sev 
eral  years  served  as  city  attorney.  In 
1886  he  was  elected  to  the  Michigan  house 
of  representatives;  and  in  1891  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  state 
senate.  In  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
democratic  national  convention  held  in 
Chicago. 

CROCKER,  NATHAN  BOURNE,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  was  born  July  4,  1781,  in 
Barnstable,  Mass.  He  was  elected  rector 
of  St.  John's  church  in  Providence,  over 
which  he  presided  until  his  death.  He 
was  secretary  of  the  corporation  of  Brown 
university  from  1837  till  1843.  He  died 
Oct.  19,  1865,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 


CROCKER,  RUTH  M.,  poet,  dress  re 
former.  She  studied  physiology  under 
the  late  Calvin  Cutter;  and  has  always 
advocated  dress  reform  for  women.  She 
has  written  considerably  on  moral 
science;  and  her  poems  have  constantly 
appeared  in  current  literature. 

CROCKER,  SAMUEL  L.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  31,  1804,  in 
Taunton,  Mass.  In  1849  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  executive  council  of 
Massachusetts;  and  was  a  representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  thirty-third 
congress. 

CROCKER,  URIEL  HASKELL,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1832,  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston: 
and  the  author  of  The  Cause  of  Hard 
Times;  Notes  on  Common  Forms:  Book 
of  Massachusetts  Law;  Excessive  Saving 
a  Cause  of  Commercial  Distress;  and 
Notes  on  General  Statutes  of  Massachu 
setts. 

CROCKETT,  DAVID,  soldier,  congress 
man,  pioneer,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug. 
17,  1786,  in  Limestone,  Tenn.  He  is  a 
noted  hunter  and 
pioneer  who  enlisted 
in  the  Texan  army 
|  in  the  revolt  against 
Mexico,  and  was 
slain  in  the  massacrc- 
at  the  Alamo,  in  San 
Antonio.  He  served 
as  a  member  of  the 
Tennessee  legisla 
ture;  and  served  as 
a  member  of  con 
gress  during  1827-31, 
and  1833-35.  He  was 

the  author  of  Tour  to  the  North  and 
Down  East:  Life  of  David  Crockett,  by 
Himself  (1834);  Colonel  Crockett's  Ex 
ploits  in  Texas;  Life  of  Martin  Van  Bu- 
ren,  Heir  Apparent;  and  Leisure  Hour 
Musings  in  Rhyme. 

CROCKETT,  JOHN  W.,  congressman, 
was  the  son  of  the  celebrated  David 
Crockett.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Tennessee  from  1838  to 
1843.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1852,  in  Memphis, 
Tenn. 

CROES,  JOHN,  bishop,  was  born  June 
1,  1762,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  He  was 
the  first  protestant  episcopal  bishop  of 
the  diocese  of  New  Jersey.  He  died  July 
30,  1832,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

CROES,  JOHN  J.  R.,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  Nov.  25,  1834,  in  Richmond,  Va. 
He  is  a  noted  civil  engineer  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  suburban  rapid  transit  road 
in  the  northeastern  part  of  New  York 
city  was  built  after  his  plans  and  under 
his  supervision. 

CROFFUT,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS, 
journalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  29, 
1835,  in  Redding,  Conn.  He  is  a  well- 
known  journalist  attached  to  many  jour 
nals,  east  and  west,  and  connected  with 
the  United  States  geological  survey  since 
1888.  He  is  the  author  of  The  War  His 
tory  of  Connecticut;  A  Helping  Hand; 
Bourbon  Ballads;  Deseret,  an  opera;  A 
Midsummer  Lark,  a  humorous  volume  of 
travels;  The  Vanderbilts;  The  Folks  Next 
Door;  and  The  Prophecy  and  Other 
Poems. 

CROFT,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  2,  1855,  in  Corsicana,  Texas. 
He  first  practiced  law  in  Colorado  City, 
Texas,  then  in  Midland  till  1887;  since 
which  time  he  has  practiced  his  profession 
in  his  native  city.  He  has  acquired  a  good 
reputation  as  a  practitioner  in  both  civil 
and  criminal  law. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


265- 


CROFTS,  GEORGE  W.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  9,  1842,  in  Le- 
roy,  III.  He  was  the  poet  of  the  national 
farmers'  congress;  and  the  author  of 
Golden  Rod,  a  volume  of  meritorious 
poems. 

CROGHAN,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was  born 
Nov.  15,  1791,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  He 
fought  in  the  war  of  1812  under  Gen. 
Proctor  and  gained  the  promotion  of 
lieutenant-colonel  brevet.  In  1825  he  was 
appointed  inspector-general  of  the  army, 
with  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  died  Jan.  8, 
1849,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

CROLY,  DAVID  GOODMAN,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1829,  in  New 
York  city;  and  was  the  husband  of  Jennie 
June.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Life  of  Horatio 
Seymour;  History  of  Reconstruction;  The 
Positivist  Primer;  and  Glimpses  of  the 
Future.  He  died  in  1889. 

CROLY,  MRS.  JANE  CUNNINGHAM, 
author,  and  known  as  Jennie  June,  was 
born  Dec.  19,  1831,  in  England.  She  is 
the  founder  of  Sorosis,  and  editor  of 
Demorest's  Magazine  in  1860-87.  She  is 
the  author  of  Talks  on  Women's  Topics; 
For  Better  or  Worse;  Knitters  and 
Crochet;  Letters  and  Monograms;  Cook 
ery  Book  for  Young  Beginners;  and 
Thrown  upon  her  Own  Resources. 

CROMPTON,  GEORGE,  manufacturer, 
inventor,  was  born  March  23,  1829,  in 
England.  In  1851  he  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  fancy  looms  in  Worcester, 
Mass.,  where  the  Crompton  loom  works 
have  since  been  established. 

CRONIN,  J.  FRANCIS,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1865,  in  Augusta, 
Ga.  He  graduated  from  the  university  of 
Georgia,  and  has  attained  success  as  a 
physician  in  Florida.  He  has  been  quar 
antine  officer  at  Tampa,  Punta  Gorda,  and 
Appalachicola,  Fla.,  and  filled  other  posi 
tions  of  trust. 

CRONKHITE,  HENRY  M.,  soldier,  sur 
geon,  poet,  was  born  March  14,  1834,  in 
Little  Falls,  N.  Y.  He  became  acting  as 
sistant  surgeon  in  the  army  until  1866; 
and  since  1867  has  been  a  surgeon  in  the 
United  States  army.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Reymond. 

CROOK,  HARRISON,  physician,  was 
born  April  13,  1850,  in  Maryland.  In  1878 
he  received  his  medical  degree  from  the 
Georgetown  Medical  college,  in  which  in 
stitution  he  was  demonstrator  of  anato 
my  in  1878-82;  and  still  holds  the  chair 
of  clinical  surgery.  For  the  past  ten 
years  he  has  been  surgeon  to  the  Provi 
dence  hospital -of  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
is  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  the 
nation's  capital. 

CROOK.  ISAAC,  clergyman,  educator, 
college  president.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  university  of  the  Pacific;  chancel 
lor  of  the  Nebraska  Wesleyan  university; 
and  is  now  president  of  the  Ohio  univer 
sity  of  Athens.  He  is  a  constant  con 
tributor  to  current  literature. 

CROOKE,  PHILIP  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  2,  1810,  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a 
presidential  elector  in  1852,  and  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature  in  1863.  He  served 
forty  years  in  the  national  guard  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  from  private  to  briga 
dier-general;  and  commanded  the  fifth 
brigade  in  Pennsylvania  in  1863.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

CROOKER,  JABEZ  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  Jan.  16,  1820,  in  Woodstock, 
Vt.  He  graduated  from  the  military  uni 


versity  of  Vermont,  and  served  as  a  cap 
tain  in  the  fifty-fifth  regiment  Illinois 
volunteer  infantry.  In  1847  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  practiced  in  all 
state  and  federal  courts. 

CROOKS,  GEORGE  RICHARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1822,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman  and  religious  journalist;  and 
the  author  of  Life  of  John  McClintock, 
Life  of  Matthew  Simpson;  First  Books 
in  Latin  and  Greek  (with  J.  McClintock) ; 
and  Latin-English  Lexicon. 

CROOKS,  SAMUEL  STEARNS,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  April  30,  1851,  in  Hop- 
kinton,  Mass.  In  1892  he  started  the  busi 
ness  known  as  Sharood  and  Crooks,  man 
ufacturers  of  fine  shoes  and  slippers,  and 
in  1894  more  than  2,000  persons  were  en 
gaged  in  this  factory  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

CROPPER,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1756,  in  Virginia.  He  served  in  the  revo 
lutionary  war;  and  attained  the  rank  of 
colonel.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1821. 

CROPSEY,  ANDREW  GEORGE,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1850,  in 
New  Utrecht,  N.  Y.  In  1874-1880  he  was 
justice  of  the  peace  and  school  commis 
sioner  of  Kings  county,  N.  Y.  He  served 
as  a  private  in  the  civil  war. 

CROPSEY,  JASPER  FRANCIS,  artist, 
was  born  Feb.  18,  1823,  in  Staten  Island, 
N.  Y.  In  1837,  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  he 
received  a  diploma  from  Mechanics  and 
American  Institute  fairs  of  New  York 
city  for  architectural  modeling.  He  re 
ceived  a  medal  and  diploma  for  painting 
from  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  expo 
sition,  and  a  medal  for  services  in  the 
London  exhibition  of  1862.  His  principal 
works  are  Autumn  on  the  Hudson;  and 
A  Showery  Day. 

CROSBIE,  HENRY  R.,  jurist.  He  was 
an  associate  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Utah. 

CROSBY.  ALPHEUS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1810,  in  Sandwich,  N.  H. 
He  was  an  educator  of  Massachusetts  who 
published  Greek  Lessons;  Greek  Fables; 
Greek  Tables;  and  First  Lessons  in  Geo 
metry;  an  edition  of  Xenophon's  Ana 
basis.  He  died  April  17,  1874,  in  Salem, 
Mass. 

CROSBY,  EBENEZER,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  physician,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1753, 
in  Braintree,  Mass.  He  served  through 
the  revolutionary  war  as  surgeon  of  Gen. 
Washington's  guards,  and  was  one  of  the 
original  members  of  the  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati.  He  died  July  16,  1788. 

CROSBY,  ENOCH,  patriot,  was  born 
Jan.  4,  1750,  in  Harwich,  Mass.  The  story 
of  his  secret-service  life,  which  was 
thought  to  be  incorporated  in  Cooper's 
Spy,  was  dramatized,  and  Mr.  Crosby  was 
on  one  occasion  present  at  a  representa 
tion  of  the  play  in  New  York  city,  and, 
as  the  hero,  received  the  plaudits  of  the 
multitude.  He  died  June  20,  1835,  in 
Brewster,  N.  Y. 

CROSBY,  HENRY  CLAY,  clergyman, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  in 
1853  in  Longtown,  S.  C.  He  received  his 
primary  education  in  private  schools  and 
in  Sherley's  institute,  S.  C.;  and  attended 
the  Shaw  university,  and  the  Leonard 
Medical  college  of  Raleigh,  N.  C.  For 
four  years  he  was  a  justice  of  the  peace 
of  Vance  county,  N.  C.;  during  1879-87 
was  principal  of  the  Garfield  Graded 
schools  of  Raleigh,  N.  C.;  and  for  ten 
years  was  president  of  the  Plymouth 
State  Normal  school,  North  Carolina.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  1887  and  was 
ordained  a  clergyman  at  the  baptist 
church  in  1892.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1897,  in 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 


CROSBY,  HOWARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1826,  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  long 
prominent  in  New  York  city  who  was 
chancellor  of  the  university  of  New  York 
city  in  1870-81.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Christian  Preacher;  Notes  on  the 
New  Testament;  Life  of  Jesus;  Christ 
and  Science;  At  the  Lord's  Table;  Ser 
mons;  Lands  of  the  Moslem;  CEdipus 
Tyrannus  of  Sophocles,  with  Notes;  Bible 
Manual;  Bible  Companion;  Bible  View 
of  the  Jewish  Church;  The  Seven 
Churches  of  Asia,  or  Worldliness  in  the 
Church;  Thoughts  on  the  Pentateuch; 
and  Commentary  on  the  New  Testament, 
which  include  his  principal  works.  He 
died  March  29,  1891,  in  New  York. 

CROSBY,  JOHN  CRAWFORD,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  15,  1859,  in 
Sheffield,  Mass.  In  1885  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  school  committee  of 
Pittsfield  and  served  six  consecutive  years 
in  that  office.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1885  and  re-elected  in  1886.  In 
1887  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  senate.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

CROSBY,  JOHN  SCHUYLER,  soldier, 
governor,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1839,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  a  first 
lieutenant  in  the  first  United  States  ar 
tillery  in  1861;  and  served  with  gallantry 
in  many  of  the  most  important  engage 
ments  of  the  civil  war.  He  received  a 
life-saving  medal  of  the  first  class,  by  act 
of  congress,  for  heroic  daring  and  saving 
life  during  the  foundering  of  the  yacht 
Mohawk  in  1876.  In  1876  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  consul  at  Florence, 
Italy,  and  served  until  1882,  when  he  was 
appointed  governor  of  Montana. 

CROSBY,  JOSIAH,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Nov.  24,  1816,  in  Dover,  N.  H. 
He  has  practiced  law  in  Dexter  since  1845. 
In  1856,  1863  and  1865  he  was  a  member 
of  the  house  of  representatives  of  Maine; 
and  in  1867-68  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  presi 
dent  of  that  body. 

CROSBY,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  12.  1798,  in  Sand 
wich,  N.  H.  He  was  a  prominent  lawyer 
and  jurist  of  Lowell,  who  published  First 
Half  Century  of  Dartmouth  College.  He 
died  Feb.  9,  1885,  in  Lowell,  Mass. 

CROSBY,  WILLIAM  GEORGE,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1806,  in  Belfast,  Maine. 
He  was  governor  of  Maine  from  1853  to 
1855.  He  died  in  1881,  in  Belfast,  Maine. 

CROSBY,  WILLIAM  OTIS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1850,  in  Decatur, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  professor  of  geology  in  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology; 
and  has  published  Common  Minerals  and 
Rocks;  and  Contributions  to  the  Geology 
of  Eastern  Massachusetts. 

CROSS,  CHARLES  ROBERT,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  29,  1848,  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  professor  of  physics  in  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology; 
and  the  author  of  Course  in  Elementary 
Physics;  and  Lecture  Notes  on  Mechanics 
and  Optics. 

CROSS,  DAVID  W.,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  17,  1814,  in  Pulaski,  N.  Y.  He 
is  a  Cleveland  lawyer  of  local  fame  as  a 
sportsman;  and  the  author  of  Fifty  Years 
with  the  Rod  and  Gun. 

CROSS,  EDWARD,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  judge  for  the  terri 
tory  of  Arkansas;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1839  to  1S4.">. 


266 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CROSS,  EDWARD  EPHRAIM,  soldier, 
journalist,  was  born  April  22,  1832,  in 
Lancaster,  N.  H.  In  1854  he  was  editor 
of  the  Cincinnati  Times.  He  took  the 
first  steam  engine  and  printing  press 
across  the  Rocky  Mountain's  in  1858.  He 
served  in  the  Mexican  army  as  a  lieu 
tenant-colonel;  and  served  during  1860-63 
as  a  colonel  in  the  fifth  regiment  New 
Hampshire  volunteers.  He  died  July  2, 
1863,  near  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

CROSS,  GEORGE  DILWYN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  24, 
1799,  in  Westerly,  R.  I.  He  served  six 
terms  in  the  general  assembly;  was  state 
senator  in  1826-35  and  1848-50;  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for 
Washington  county  in  1837-49;  and  in 
1840  was  one  of  the  commissioners  for 
fixing  the  boundary  line  between  Connec 
ticut  and  Rhode  Island.  He  died  Oct.  1, 
1872,  in  Westerly,  R.  I. 

CROSS,  JAMES  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1817,  in  Geneva,  N.  Y.  In  1841  he 
moved  to  Milwaukee,  Wis.;  and  served  as 
mayor  of  that  city  during  1855-58.  He 
was  the  first  probate  judge  under  the  state 
law;  and  in  1857  came  within  five  hun 
dred  votes  of  defeating  Alexander  W. 
Randall  for  governor.  He  died  in  1876,  in 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 

CROSS,  MRS.  JANE  TANDY  [CHINN] 
[HARDING],  author,  was  born  in  1817,  in 
Harrodsburg,  Ky.  She  is  the  author  of 
Wayside  Flowerets;  Heart  Blossoms  for 
My  Little  Daughters;  Bible  Gleanings; 
Driftwood;  Gonzalo  de  Cordova,  a  trans 
lation  from  the  Spanish;  and  Duncan 
Adair,  a  novel.  She  died  in  October  1870 
in  Elizabethtown,  Ky. 

CROSS,  JOHN  S.,  civil  engineer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  May  4,  1849,  in  Ban- 
gor,  Mich.  During  1870-84  he  was  en 
gaged  as  a  civil  and  mining  engineer;  and 
since  the  latter  date  has  been  engaged  in 
the  real  estate  and  insurance  business  at 
Bangor.  During  1887-88  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  legislature. 

CROSS,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  4,  1813,  in  England.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  who  from 
1829-1856  was  a  prominent  methodist  di 
vine.  The  more  important  of  his  writings 
include  Headlands  of  Faith;  Pisgah 
Views  of  the  Promised  Inheritance;  A 
Year  in  Europe;  Coals  from  the  Altar; 
Pauline  Charity;  Prelections  on  Charity; 
and  Old  Wine  and  New.  He  died  in 
1893. 

CROSS,  JUDSON  NEWELL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1838,  in  Phila- 
-delphia,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  civil  war; 
was  made  assistant  provost  marshal  on 
the  staff  of  the  military  governor  of 
Washington  in  1864;  and  soon  after 
special  mustering  officer.  He  was  three 
times  elected  city  attorney  of  Minneapolis 
and  held  the  office  during  1883-87. 

CROSS,  OSBORNE,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1803,  In  Maryland.  He  was  made  deputy 
quartermaster-general  in  1863;  in  1865 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general  in  the 
regular  army.  He  was  promoted  to  colo 
nel  in  1866.  He  died  July  15,  1876,  in  New 
York  city. 

CROSS,  ROSELLE  THEODORE,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
21,  1844,  in  Richville,  N.  Y.  For  four  years 
he  was  principal  of  the  academic  depart 
ment  of  Oberlin  college;  has  filled  pas 
torates  in  various  large  cities;  and  is  the 
•author  of  Home  Duties;  Clear  as  Crystal; 
History  of  Colorado  Congregationalism; 
and  also  numerous  articles,  poems  and 
lectures. 


CROSS,  SAMUEL  CREED,  author,  edu 
cator,  lecturer,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1871,  in 
Great  Cacapon,  W.  Va.  He  graduated 
from  the  northern  Indiana  university, 
and  was  retained  as  a  teacher  in  that  col 
lege;  and  is  now  professor  in  the  Grand 
Rapids  Business  college,  Mich. 

CROSS,  TRUEMAN,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  chief  of 
the  quartermaster's  department  of  the 
army  of  occupation  from  1845  till  his 
death,  which  he  met  at  the  hands  of 
Mexican  banditti.  He  published  Military 
Laws  of  the  United  States.  He  died  April 
21,  1846. 

CROSSLAND,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  June  30,  1827,  in 
Hickman  county,  Ky.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature  in  1857;  elected 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in  the 
first  district  for  six  years  in  1867;  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CROSWELL,  ANDREW,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1709,  in  Charlestown. 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  clergyman,  very 
active  as  a  controversialist;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Apostle's  Advice  to  the  Jailor 
Improved;  and  Heaven  shut  against  Ar- 
minians  and  Antinomians.  He  died  April 
12,  1785,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CROSWELL,  CHARLES  M.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  31, 
1825,  in  Newburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
register  of  deeds  of  Lewanee  county, 
Mich.,  in  1850,  and  re-elected  in  1852;  in 
1854  was  a  member  and  secretary  of  the 
state  convention  at  Jackson,  Mich.,  from 
which  sprung  the  republican  party.  In 
1862  he  was  appointed  city  attorney,  and 
the  same  year  was  elected  mayor  of  Ad 
rian.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1863,  1865, 
and  1867;  and  was  speaker  of  the  state 
house  of  representatives  in  1873.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Michigan  in  1876,  and 
re-elected  in  1878.  He  died  Dec.  13,  1886, 
in  Adrian,  Mich. 

CROSWELL,  HARRY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  16,  1778,  in  West 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman  and  rector  of  Trinity  church  of 
New  Haven  in  1816-58,  but  in  earlier 
life  was  a  political  journalist  noted  for 
his  scathing  editorials.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Young  Churchman's  Guide;  Man 
ual  of  Family  Prayers;  Guide  to  the  Holy 
Sacrament.  He  died  March  13,  1858,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

CROUCH,  EDWARD,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1815. 

CROUNSE,  LORENZO,  governor,  sol 
dier,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  27, 
1834,  in  Sharon,  N.  Y.  For  awhile  he 
was  employed  with 
his  father  in  the 
tanning  business; 
then  taught  school; 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1857. 
During  the  war  he 
was  captain  of  bat 
tery  K,  first  regi 
ment  New  York  light 
artillery;  and  he 
was  severely 
wounded  during  the 
second  Bull  Run  bat 
tle.  In  1866  he  served  in  the  territorial 
legislature  of  Nebraska;  in  1867  he  was 
elected  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court; 
and  for  several  years  was  supreme  court 
reporter.  He  served  in  the  forty-third 
and  forty-fourth  congresses  as  a  republi 
can;  and  in  1892  was  elected  governor  of 
the  state  of  Nebraska. 


CROUSE,  GEORGE   WASHINGTON, 

soldier,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  23,  1832,  in  Tallmadge,  Ohio. 
He  has  been  promi- 
n  e  n  1 1  y  identified 
with  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of 
Akron,  Ohio;  and 
during  the  war  was 
a  sergeant  in  com 
pany  F,  one  hundred 
and  sixty-fourth  reg 
iment  Ohio  volunteer 
infantry.  During 
1885-87  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Ohio 
state  senate;  when 
he  resigned  and  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth 
congress  as  a  republican.  He  is  now 
president  of  the  City  National  bank;  the 
Akron  Twine  and  Cordage  company;  the 
Akron  Printing  and  Publishing  company; 
the  Akron  Water  Works  company;  and 
numerous  other  business  enterprises. 

CROUTER,  A.  L.  EDGERTON,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  Canada.  He  is 
superintendent  of  the  Pennsylvania  In 
stitution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb;  and  is 
the  author  of  Statistics  of  Articulation 
Teaching  in  America;  and  numerous 
other  works. 

CROW,  MOSES  ROCKWELL,  lawyer, 
capitalist,  was  born  in  1855,  in  Seneca 
Falls,  N.  Y.  He  became  a  water  expert, 
a  water  engineer,  and  a  water  capitalist, 
in  connection  with  water  works  for  the 
city  of  Mexico  and  several  South  Ameri 
can  cities.  He  also  controls  the  New 
York  and  Westchester  Water  company, 
the  Pocantico  Water  Works  company, 
and  the  New  York  City  District  Water 
Supply  company. 

CROWDER,  JOHN  S.,  clergyman,  was 
born  June  27,  1872,  in  Richmond,  Va.  He 
graduated  from  the  De  Pauw  university 
of  Greencastle,  Ind.;  and  is  attaining 
prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost  clergy 
men  in  the  methodist  episcopal  church  in 
Indiana. 

CROWE,  JOHN  FINLEY,  clergyman, 
educator,  was  born  June  16,  1787,  in  Tenn 
essee.  He  founded  Hanover  college  and 
the  Indiana  Theological  seminary;  and 
was  vice-president  of  the  college,  besides 
filling  the  professorships  of  rhetoric,  log 
ic,  and  history  from  1832-60.  He  died 
Jan.  17,  1860,  in  Hanover,  Ind. 

CROWE,  WINFIELD  SCOTT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1850,  in  Indiana. 
He  is  a  universalist  clergyman  of  New 
ark,  N.  J.;  and  editor  of  the  Universalist 
Monthly.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Man  of 
Evolution;  The  God  of  Evolution;  and 
The  Lordship  of  Jesus. 

CROWELL,  EUGENE,  author,  was  born 
in  1817,  in  New  York.  He  was  a  writer 
of  San  Francisco,  and  later  of  New  York 
city,  and  was  a  zealous  defender  of  spirit 
ualism.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Iden 
tity  of  Primitive  Christianity  with  Mod 
ern  Spiritualism;  The  Spirit  World;  The 
Philosophy  of  Death;  Spiritualism  and 
Insanity;  and  The  Religion  of  Spiritual 
ism.  He  died  in  1894. 

CROWELL,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Halifax  county,  Ala.  He  was 
chosen  delegate  to  congress  when  the 
territory  of  Alabama  was  established  in 
1817,  and  served  till  1819,  when  the  state 
constitution  was  formed.  He  was  elected 
the  first  representative  to  congress,  serv 
ing  until  1821.  He  died  June  25,  1846,  in 
Fort  Mitchell,  Ala. 

CROWELL,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1847  to 
1851. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


267 


CROWELL,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Nov.  1, 
1857,  in  York,  Pa.  He  was  appointed 
president  of  Trinity  college,  North  Caro 
lina,  and  still  occupies  the  presidency, 
with  the  chair  of  political  and  social 
science. 

CROWELL,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1806,  in  Middlefleld, 
Mass.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  who 
published  The  Church  Member's  Manual 
of  Ecclesiastical  Principles;  Church  Mem 
ber's  Handbook;  and  History  of  Baptist 
Literature  for  Fifty  Years.  He  died  Aug. 
19,  1871,  in  Flanders,  N.  J. 

GROWL,  MARGARET  A.,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  14,  1849,  in  Canada.  Her  poems 
have  appeared  in  several  magazines  and 
the  local  press  generally. 

GROWL,  THEODORE,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  was  born  July  22,  1844,  in  Darling 
ton,  Pa.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier 
during  the  civil  war  in  the  one  hundred 
and  seventy-eighth  regiment  Ohio  volun 
teer  infantry;  was  promoted  to  second 
lieutenant;  and  was  judge  advocate  of 
general  court  martial  United  States  army 
at  Tullahoma  and  Murfreesboro,  Tenn., 
during  the  winter  of  1864-65.  In  1868  he 
graduated  from  the  Washington  and  Jef 
ferson  college;  and  in  1871  from  the 
Western  Theological  seminary  of  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.  In  1873  he  organized  the  First 
Presbyterian  church  of  Tacoma,  Wash. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  Seattle,  Wash.; 
Zanesville,  Ohio;  and  is  now  pastor  of  the 
First  Congregational  church  of  Sterling, 
111.  He  has  contributed  extensively  to  re 
ligious  literature. 

CROWLEY,  DENIS  O.,  philanthropist, 
poet.  He  was  elevated  to  the  priesthood 
in  1883.  In  1887  he  was  transferred  to 
San  Francisco,  where  the  city  waifs  were 
confided  to  his  care.  Since  then  he  has 
built  a  large  and  beautiful  home  for  the 
destitute  and  homeless  boys  of  the  city 
and  state.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Chaplet 
of  Verse. 

CROWLEY,  MILES,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1859, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  elected  chief 
engineer  of  the  Galveston  fire  department 
for  two  terms;  was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  representatives  of  the  twenty- 
second  legislature  of  the  state  of  Texas; 
and  a  state  senator  of  the  twenty-third 
and  twenty-fourth  legislatures.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

CROWLEY,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  14, 
1836,  in  Lockport,  N.  Y.  He  was  city 
attorney  in  1865;  was  a  state  senator 
from  1866  to  1870;  was  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  from  1871  to  1879,  when  he 
resigned;  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  York  to  the  forty-sixth 
and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  repub 
lican. 

CROWLEY,  WINFIELD  S.,  journalist, 
was  born  Feb.  15,  1861,  in  Saco,  Maine. 
He  is  the  editor  and  manager  of  the 
Globe-Star  of  Westbrook,  Maine.  He  has 
been  chairman  of  the  board  of  registra 
tion,  and  is  prominently  identified  with 
the  democratic  party  of  his  county  and 
state. 

CROWNINSHIELD,  BENJAMIN  WIL 
LIAMS,  secretary  of  the  navy,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1772,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1820  he  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor;  and  in  1826  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  the  Salem  district 
of  Massachusetts,  and  continued  in  that 
position  until  1831.  He  di'ed  Feb.  3,  1851, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 


CROWNINSHIELD,  JACOB,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  March  31, 
1770,  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1801; 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1803  to  1805; 
and  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  navy 
in  1805.  He  died  April  14,  1808,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

CROWTHER,  GEORGE  C.,  soldier,  bus 
iness  man,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  26, 
1849.  In  1862  he  entered  the  federal  army, 
and  was  mustered  out  of  service  in  1865. 
In  1869  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
Kansas  state  senate,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1871  and  1873.  From  1875  to  1886  he 
was  engaged  on  newspapers  and  in  the 
printing  business;  in  1887  was'  appointed 
deputy  sheriff  of  Buchanan  county,  Mo.; 
in  1888  was  elected  city  treasurer  of  St. 
Joseph,  and  re-elected  in  1890.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

CROXTON,  JOHN  THOMAS,  soldier, 
journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1837, 
in  Bourbon  county,  Ky.  He  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Sherman's  army,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  war  was  put  in  command 
of  the  military  district  of  southwest 
Georgia,  with  headquarters  at  Macon.  He 
established  the  Louisville  Commercial  as 
a  republican  journal.  He  died  April  16, 
1874,  in  Bolivia. 

CROXTON,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  15,  1822,  in 
Tappahannock,  Va.  He  was  common 
wealth  attorney  for  his  native  county 
from  1852  to  1865;  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1880;  and  in  1884  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

CROZIER,  JOHN  H.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1845 
to  1849. 

CROZIER,  MRS.  M.  P.  A.,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  23,  1834,  in  Richmond  Centre, 
N.  Y.  In  1887  a  small  volume  of  her 
poems  was  published  by  her  son. 

CRUDUP,  JOSIAH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Wake  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1821  to  1823. 

CRUFT,  CHARLES,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Indiana.  He  was  commissioned  an  of 
ficer  of  volunteers  from  Indiana  in  1862, 
and  became  a  major-general  of  volunteers 
in  1865.  He  died  March  23,  1883,  in  Terre 
Haute,  Ind. 

CRUGER,  DANIEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly 
a  number  of  years;  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1817  to  1819. 

CRUGER,  JOHN,  colonist,  was  born 
July  18,  1710,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
an  alderman  for  twenty-two  years,  and  in 
1739-44  was  mayor  of  the  city  of  New 
York.  He  was  the  author  of  the  famous 
Declaration  of  the  Rights  and  Grievances 
of  the  Colonist  of  America;  and  in  1768 
was  elected  the  first  president  of  the  New 
York  Chamber  of  Commerce.  He  died 
Dec.  27,  1792,  in  New  York  city. 

CRUGER,  MRS.  JULIA  GRINNELL, 
author.  She  is  a  popular  novelist  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  A  Diplo 
mat's  Diary;  Poppaea;  A  Successful 
Man;  A  Wedding  and  Other  Stories; 
Mademoiselle  Reseda;  and  A  Puritan 
Pagan. 

CRUGER,  MARY,  author,  was  born  in 
1834,  in  New  York.  She  is  a  writer  of 
Montrose,  N.  Y.;  and  the  author  of  Hy- 
perassthesia;  A  Den  of  Thieves,  or  the 
Lay  Reader  of  St.  Mark's;  The  Vander- 
heyde  Manor  House;  How  She  Did  It; 
and  Brotherhood. 


CRUGER,  STEPHEN  VAN  RENS- 
SELAER,  soldier,  public  official,  was  born 
May  9,  1844,  in  New  York  city.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war,  and  was  brevetted  major 
and  lieutenant-colonel.  He  is  trustee  and 
treasurer  of  St.  Stephen's  college  of  New 
York  city,  and  of  the  New  York  Protest 
ant  Episcopal  Public  school.  He  was  ap 
pointed  park  commissioner  in  1895,  and 
later  president  of  the  board. 

CRUM,  JOHN  DARIUS,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1866,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in 
the  primary  schools; 
graduated  from  the 
Avery  institute  In 
1884;  and  in  1887 
graduated  in  the 
medical  department 
from  the  Howard 
university  of  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  He 
was  at  one  time 
druggist-in-chief  of 
the  Freedmen's  hos 
pital  of  Washington, 
D.  C.;  and  has  attained  prominence  as  a 
successful  physician  and  surgeon  of  Jack 
sonville,  Fla.,  where  he  has  a  lucrative 
practice.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Ameri 
can  Pharmaceutical  association;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Florida  Medical  association; 
and  other  prominent  medical  bodies. 

CRUMMELL,  ALEXANDER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1819,  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  colored  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  Washington;  and  the  author  of 
The  Future  of  Africa;  Greatness  of 
Christ,  and  Other  Sermons;  and  Africa 
and  America. 

CRUMP,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  physi 
cian,  congressman,  was  born  in  Powhatan 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Virginia  from  1826  to  1827 
to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  in  1850. 

CRUMP,  JOSEPHINE  B.,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  13,  1841,  in  Blount  county, 
Tenn.  Her  poems  have  appeared  quite 
extensively  in  the  local  press. 

CRUMP,  ROUSSEAU  0.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  20,  1843,  in 
Pittsford  N.  Y.  In  1884  the  corporation 
of  the  Crump  Manu 
facturing  company 
was  formed  by  him. 
He  is  a  member  of 
the  Wenona  Lodge, 
Blanchard  Chapter. 
Bay  City  Command- 
ery,  the  Michigan 
Sovereign  Consistory 
of  Detroit,  and  Mos 
lem  Temple;  and  al 
so  a  member  of  the 
Ancient  Order  of 
United  Workmen, 
Royal  Arcanum,  and  Knights  of  Pythias. 
He  cast  his  first  vote  for  Lincoln;  has 
served  West  Bay  City  as  alderman  for 
four  years,  and  in  the  spring  of  1892  was 
nominated  and  elected  mayor  of  West 
Bay  City  and  was  re-elected  in  1894.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty- 
fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

CRUMPACKER,  EDGAR  D.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  May  27, 
1851,  in  Laporte  county,  Ind.  He  was 
prosecuting  attorney  for  the  thirty-first 
judicial  district  of  Indiana  from  1884  to 
1888;  served  as  appellate  judge  in  the 
state  of  Indiana  from  1891-93;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 


268 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CRUMRINE,  BOYD,  soldier,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  9.  1838,  in  Washing 
ton  county,  Pa.  In  1861-62  he  served  in 
the  civil  war,  in  the  eighty-fifth  Pennsyl 
vania  volunteers.  From  1865-68  he  was 
district  attorney  of  Washington  county, 
Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled 
Omnium  Gatherum;  and  in  1882  he  com 
posed  a  large  part  and  edited  the  whole 
of  The  History  of  Washington  County. 

CRUNDEN,  FREDERICK  MORGAN,  li 
brarian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1847, 
in  England.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  li 
brarian  of  the  public  library  of  St.  Louis, 
which  position  he  still  holds.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  the  Library  Jour 
nal  and  other  periodicals. 

CRUSE,  CHRISTIAN  FREDERICK, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  June  -7. 
1794,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  of  New  York  city 
whose  translation  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
History  of  Eusebius  is  a.  standard  English 
version.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1864,  in  New 
York  city. 

CRUSE,  MARY  ANNE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  18 —  in  Alabama.  Be 
sides  a  novel  of  the  Civil  War,  Cameron 
Hall,  she  has  written  several  popular  Sun 
day-school  books,  such  as  The  Little 
Episcopalian,  and  Bessie  Melville. 

CRUTCHFIELD,  WILLIAM,  farmer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1826,  in 
Greeneville,  Tenn.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress  from  Tennessee. 

CRUTTENDEN,  DANIEL  HENRY,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1816, 
in  Galway,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  educator 
of  New  York  city,  among  whose  text 
books  are  Systematic  Arithmetic  Series; 
The  Philosophy  of  Language;  and  Rhetor 
ical  Grammar.  He  died  June  21,  1874, 
in  Castleton,  N.  Y. 

CUBBISON,  JAMES  K.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  1861  in  Harris- 
ville,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Kansas  City,  Mo.;  was  elected  to  the 
Kansas  state  legislature  in  1892,  and  re- 
elected  in  1894  and  in  1896. 

CUCKSON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1846  in  England.  He  is  a 
unitarian  clergyman  of  Boston,  pastor  of 
the  Arlington  Street  church  from  1892; 
and  the  author  of  Faith  and  Fellowship. 

CUDAHY,  MICHAEL,  packer,  was 
born  Dec.  7,  1841,  in  Ireland.  He  is  the 
oldest  of  four  brothers.  William  died 
when  thirty-seven  years  of  age.  John  and 
Patrick  succeeded  John  Plankinton  and 
Company,  of  Milwaukee,  in  their  pack 
ing  business,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Cudahy  Brothers. 

CUDMORE,  P.,  soldier,  lawyer,  histor 
ian,  poet,  was  born  June,  1831,  in  Ire 
land.  After  leaving  the  monastery  of 

Dungarvan,  he  stud- 

I  led  mathematics  at 
ii  I  the  best  academy  in 
Munster.  He  emi 
grated  to  America  in 
1846;  studied  law; 
took  a  course  of  lec 
tures  on  anatomy  at 
BelleMie  hospital; 
and  a  course  of  lec 
tures  at  the  Cooper 
institute.  He  then 
traveled  in  Cuba, 
Mexico,  Central  and 
South  America.  In  1853  he  moved  to 
Dane  county,  Wis.,  and  in  1855  was  elect 
ed  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  became  a 
popular  lawyer  and  public  speaker.  In 
1856  he  moved  to  Minnesota,  aim  tne  fol 
lowing  year  settled  in  Faribault.  In  1860 
he  commenced  delivering  lectures  on  Ire 
land,  Mexico  and  Peru;  and  in  1862  mus 


tered  in  as  a  soldier  and  served  three 
years,  first  in  company  H,  tenth  regi 
ment,  Minnesota  infantry  volunteers, 
which  he  was  instrumental  in  raising; 
and  subsequently  joined  the  sixteenth 
army  corps.  He  is  the  author  of  Cud- 
more's  Constitutional  History ;  Cudmore's 
Irish  Republic;  Cudmore's  Poems  and 
Songs;  Cudmore's  Battle  of  Clontarf  and 
Other  Poems;  Buchanan's  Conspiracy,  the 
Nicaragua  Canal  and  Reciprocity;  Cud 
more's  Cleveland's  Mai- Administration: 
and  other  works. 

CULBERSON,  DAVID  B.,  was  born 
Sept.  29,  1830,  in  Troupe  county,  Ga.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Texas  legislature  in 
1859.  He  entered  the  confederate  army 
in  1862  as  a  private,  and  rose  to  be  an  ad 
jutant-general,  with  the  rank  of  colonel. 
In  1864  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature 
of  Texas,  and  subsequently  to  the  state 
senate.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Texas  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fif 
ty-second,  fifty-third,  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

CULBERTSON,  KENNEDY  RUSSELL, 
soldier,  iron  manufacturer,  was  born  May 
12,  1840,  in  Knightstown,  Ind.  He  is  one 
of  the  owners  of  the  Cherokee  iron 
works  in  Alabama;  is  one  of  the  most 
skillful  and  successful  iron  men  in  the 
country;  and  has  been  largely  concerned, 
with  his  brother  and  others,  in  bringing 
about  many  valuable  changes  in  iron  man 
ufacture. 

CULBERTSON,  MATTHEW  SIMPSON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1818, 
in  Chambersburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  presby- 
terian  missionary  to  China;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  Darkness  in  the  Flowery  King 
dom,  or  Religious  Notions  in  North  China. 
He  died  in  August,  1862,  in  China. 

CULBERTSON,  WILLIAM  C.,  farmer, 
lumberman,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
25,  1825,  in  Erie  county,  Pa.  He  is  a 
successful  farmer  and  lumberman  of  Gir- 
ard,  Pa.  He  -was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress  as  a  republican. 

CULBERTSON,  WILLIAM  WIRT,  sol 
dier,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  23,  1835,  in  Mifflin  .county,  Pa. 
He  removed  to  Ohio;  entered  the  union 
army  as  a  captain  in  1861,  and  served 
three  years.  He  was  elected  state  sen 
ator,  and  served  four  years,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress.  He  built 
and  started  the  ferry  at  Ashland,  Ky., 
and  has  been  prominently  identified  with 
the  business  development  of  Kentucky. 

CULBRETH,  THOMAS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kent  county,  Del.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1817  to  1821. 

CULLEN,  ELISHA  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Delaware.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the  thir 
ty-fourth  congress. 

CULLEN,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  March  4,  1826, 
in  Ireland.  In  1846  he  moved  to  Illinois, 
and  was  sheriff  of  La  Salle  county,  and 
held  other  local  offices.  He  became  part 
owner  and  senior  editor  of  the  Ottawa 
Republican  newspaper.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the  for 
ty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

CULLOM,  ALVAN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  served 
frequently  in  the  legislature  of  Tennessee; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1845  to  1847;  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  peace  congress  of  1861. 


CULLOM,  SHELBY  MOORE,  lawyer, 
legislator,  governor.  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1829,  in  Wayne 
county,  Ky.  He  was  elected  city  attorney 
of  Springfield;  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature  in  1856;  was 
again  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1860, 
and  was  chosen  speaker.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the  thir 
ty-ninth  congress,  and  re-elected  both  to 
the  fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses.  He 
was  again  elected  to  the  lower  house  of 
the  state  legislature  in  1872,  and  again 
chosen  speaker;  was  re-elected  in  1874; 
and  in  1876  was  elected  governor  of  Illi 
nois  for  the  term  of  four  years,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1880.  In  1883  he  was  elected 
a  senator  of  the  United  States  for  the 
term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1883,  and 
resigned  the  office  of  governor.  His  term 
expires  in  1901. 

CULLOM,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1851  to  1855. 

CULLUM,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1809, 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  brevet  major- 
general  in  the  United  States  army;  and 
the  author  of  Military  Bridges  with  India- 
Rubber  Pontoons;  Biographical  Regis 
ter  of  the  Officers  and  Graduates  of  the 
United  States  Military  academy  at  West 
Point,  1802-90;  and  System  of  Military 
Bridges.  He  died  Feb.  28,  1892,  in  New 
York  city. 

CULPEPPER,  JOHN,  clergyman,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Anson  county, 
N.  C.  He  represented  that  state  in  con 
gress  from  1807  to  1808,  when  his  seat  was 
vacated  by  resolution  of  the  house.  He 
was  re-elected,  and  served  from  1813  to 
1817,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  from  1823  to 
1825.  He  was  a  baptist  preacher;  and 
was  elected  to  the  general  assembly,  but 
his  seat  was  vacated  on  constitutional 
grounds. 

CULVER,  CHARLES  VERNON,  busi 
ness  man,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
ii,  1830,  in  Logan,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

CULVER,  ERASTUS  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  served  in  the 
assembly  of  New  York  in  1838  and  1841; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1845  to  1847. 

CULWER,  DANIEL,  pioneer,  was  born 
in  1793  in  Maryland.  He  was  the  first 
American  that  went  to  upper  Califor 
nia,  and  the  first  that  built  a  house  in 
San  Francisco  (on  the  same  ground  now 
occupied  by  the  Palace  hotel).  He  was 
also  the  founder  of  the  town  of  Santa 
Barbara.  He  died  in  1857  in  California. 

CULYER,  JOHN  YAPP,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  May  18,  1839,  in  New  York  city. 
He  has  acted  in  the  capacity  of  associate 
engineer  to  the  Albany  parks,  to  the 
parks  and  the  riverside  improvement  in 
Chicago,  and  to  the  state  capitol  grounds 
in  Nashville. 

CUMBACK,  WILL,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  poet,  was  born  March  24, 
1829,  in  Franklin  county,  Ind.  He  taught 
school  for  one  or  two  years;  attended 
the  law  school  at  Cincinnati,  and  adopted 
the  legal  profession;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Indiana  in  the  thir 
ty-fourth  congress.  He  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1861;  and  during  that  year 
was  appointed  an  additional  paymaster 
in  the  army.  In  1868  he  was  elected  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Indiana.  He  is  also 
a  successful  le.cturer  and  the  author  of 
a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 


HBRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


269 


CUMMER,  WELLINGTON  WILLSON, 
lumberman,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1846,  in 
Canada.  Among  his  investments  are  two 
lumber  companies  which  are  operating  a 
large  acreage  of  pine  and  cypress  lands 
in  Louisiana  and  Florida,  and  the  Elec 
tric  Light  and  Water  company  of  Cadillac. 
Mich.  He  has  been  mayor  of  Cadillac, 
Mich.;  a  republican  presidential  elector 
In  1888:  and  a  member  of  the  school 
hoard  for  ten  years. 

GUMMING,  ALFRED,  governor,  was 
born  about  1802.  He  served  as  governor 
of  Utah.  He  died  Oct.  9,  1873,  in  Augusta, 
Ga. 

CUMMING,  KATE,  author,  was  born  in 
1835  in  Alabama.  She  is  a  resident  of 
Mobile,  prominent  during  the  civil  war 
as  an  organizer  of  field  hospitals  in  the 
•confederate  army.  She  is  the  author  of 
Hospital  Life  in  Tennessee  from  the  Bat 
tle  of  Shiloh  to  the  End  of  the  War. 

CUMMING,  THOMAS  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
during  1853-1855. 

CUMMING,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  North  Carolina 
to  the  continental  congress  in  1784. 

CUMMINGS,  A.  B.,  naval  officer,  was 
l>orn  June  22,  1830,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  a  naval  commander  in  the  civil  war, 
who  died  during  the  engagement  of  the 
batteries  at  Port  Hudson.  His  self-forget- 
fulness  after  falling  mortally  wounded 
was  nearly  equal  to  that  of  the  noted 
Sir  Philip  Sidney.  He  died  March  14, 
1863,  at  Port  Hudson. 

CUMMINGS,  ALEXANDER,  governor, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  In  1865  he 
was  appointed  governor  of  the  territory 
•of  Colorado. 

CUMMINGS,  ALEXANDER  W.,  jour 
nalist.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of 
The  Derby  Game  Bird,  of  Derby,  Ind.  He 
has  written  extensively  for  the  periodi 
cal  press,  and  is  a  well-known  bird  fancier 
and  poulterer. 

CUMMINGS,  ALFRED,  soldier,  was 
born  Jan.  30,  1829,  in  Augusta,  Ga.  He 
was  on  the  Utah  expedition  of  1859- 
60;  and  in  1861  resigned  and  was  soon 
commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  in  the 
confederate  army.  He  rose  to  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general,  and  served  until  dis 
abled  by  wounds  received  at  the  battle  of 
Jonesboro,  Ga.,  Aug.  31,  1864. 

CUMMINGS,  AMOS  J.,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  author,  was  born  May 
15,  1841,  in  Conklin,  N.  Y.  He  was  ser 
geant-major  in  the 
twenty-sixth  New 
Jersey  regiment  of 
infantry,  second- 
brigade,  second  di 
vision,  sixth  corps, 
army  of  the  Poto 
mac;  and  received 
the  congressional 
medal  of  honor  for 
gallantry  on  the  bat 
tlefield.  He  was  ed 
itor  of  the  Evening 
Sun  when  elected  to 
the  fiftieth  congress.  He  declined  a  re- 
nomination,  preferring  to  give  his  whole 
attention  to  editorial  work.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-first  congress  to  fill  a  vacan 
cy  caused  by  the  death  of  Samuel  Sullivan 
Cox;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second, 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  democrat.  He  is  the  author  of  Hor 
ace  Greeley  Campaign  Songster;  Sayings 
of  Uncle  Rufus;  and  Ziska  Letters. 


CUMMING,  GILBERT  W.,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  1817  in  Delaware  county,  N.  Y. 
He  removed,  in  1853,  to  Janesville,  Wis., 
and  in  1858  to  Chicago.  In  September, 
1861,  he  raised  the  fifty-first  Illinois  regi 
ment,  and  was  appointed  its  colonel. 

CUMMINGS,  ASA,  clergyman,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1791,  in  Ando- 
ver,  Mass.  He  attended  Phillips  academy 
of  Andover,  and  graduated  from  Bow- 
doin  college.  He  was  a  clergyman  for  six 
years,  when  he  became  editor  of  the 
Christian  Mirror,  and  for  thirty  years  was 
its  editor.  He  died  at  sea  June  5,  1856. 

CUMMINGS,  EBENEZER  EDSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1800,  in 
Claremont,  N.  H.  He  was  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  New  Lon 
don  institution  from  its  beginning, 
and  for  some  time  a  trustee  of  Col 
by  university.  He  published  several  ser 
mons,  and  left  in  manuscript  The  Bap 
tist  Ministry  of  New  Hampshire  for  the 
First  Century  of  our  History.  He  died 
Feb.  22,  1886.  in  Concord. 

CUMMINGS,  EBENEZER  HARLOW, 
clergyman,  jurist,  author,  was  born  in 
1790  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a  clergy 
man  and  magistrate  of  Baltimore;  and 
the  author  of  Geography  of  Alabama;  and 
History  of  the  Late  War  (1820).  He  died 
Jan.  17,  1835,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CUMMINGS,  EPHRAIM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1825  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  served  as  chaplain  in  a  Vermont  regi 
ment  more  than  a  year  during  the  war. 
In  1872  and  1873  he  was  provisional  pro 
fessor  of  mental  and  moral  philosophy  in 
the  college.  He  has  published  a  volume, 
Birth  and  Baptism. 

CUMMINGS,  GEORGE  J.,  educator,  was 
born  July  6,  1838,  in  Groton,  N.  H.  He 
was  fitted  for  college  at  the  Kimball 
Union  academy,  and  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  college  in  1869.  He  has  been 
associate  teacher  in  the  Kimball  Union 
academy  for  six  years,  and  then  princi 
pal  of  the  same  institution  for  five  years, 
resigning  in  1880  to  accept  a  similar 
position  in  the  Monson  academy.  In  1885 
he  accepted  the  professorship  of  ancient 
languages,  and  the  deanship  of  the  pre 
paratory  department  of  the  Howard  uni- 
.versity  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  which  posi 
tion  he  still  fills. 

CUMMINGS,  HENRY  J.  B.,  soldier, 
journalist,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
May  21,  1831,  in  Newton,  N.  J.  He  served 
with  distinction  through  the  civil  war; 
was  captain  of  the  fourth  regiment,  Iowa 
volunteer  infantry,  in  1861-62;  and  colonel 
of  the  thirty-ninth  regiment  during  1862- 
65.  He  was  twice  solicitor  of  Winterset, 
Iowa;  twice  served  as  its  mayor;  and  waa 
twice  county  attorney  of  Madison  coun 
ty,  Iowa.  Since  1869  he  has  been  the  edi 
tor  and  proprietor  of  The  Winterset  Madi- 
sonian.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  forty-fifth  congress  from 
the  Des  Moines  district. 

CUMMINGS,  JEREMIAH  W.  D.,  cler 
gyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  April  5, 
1823,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  a 
popular  Roman  catholic  clergyman  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Italian 
Legends;  Songs  for  Catholic  Schools; 
Spiritual  Progress;  and  The  Silver  Stole. 
He  died  Jan.  4,  1866,  in  New  York. 

CUMMINGS,  JOHN,  tanner,  was  born 
Feb.  26,  1785,  in  Woburn,  Mass.  He 
probably  taught  more  young  men  the 
business  of  tanning,  aiding  them  to  es 
tablish  themselves,  than  any  other  leather 
manufacturer  in  Massachusetts.  He  died 
June  8,  1867,  in  Woburn,  Mass. 

CUMMINGS,  JOSEPH,  educator,  the 
ologian,  was  born  March  3,  1817,  in  Fal- 


mouth  county,  Maine.  He  was  professor 
of  theology  in  the  Methodist  general  bibli 
cal  institute  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

CUMMINGS,  JOSEPH  FRANKLIN,  sol 
dier,  educator,  was  born  July  16,  1851,  in 
Brownsville,  Texas.  In  1876  he  graduated 
from  the  United  States  Military  academy 
of  West  Point,  N.  Y.;  and  during  1876- 
83  was  an  officer  in  the  United  States 
cavalry.  In  1883-86  he  was  railroading 
in  Mexico;  in  1886-88  was  a  teacher  in 
the  public  school  at  Galveston,  Texas;  and 
since  that  time  has  been  superintendent 
of  public  schools  in  Brownsville.  In  1887 
he  received  the  thanks  of  Gen.  George 
Crook  in  a  general  order  for  the  capture  of 
an  Indian  village. 

CUMMINGS,  JUSTELLE,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  19,  1848,  in  Falmouth,  Maine. 
She  is  the  author  of  Faithe,  a  Story  of 
Falmouth,  in  \erse;  and  has  contributed 
extensively  to  current  literature.  She  is 
the  widow  of  the  late  Isaac  I.  Cummings, 
a  noted  physician  of  Falmouth,  Maine. 

CUMMINGS,  MARCUS  FAYETTE, 
architect,  author,  was  born  March  11, 
1836,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  For  thirty  years 
he  was  a  successful  architect  in  the  city 
of  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  Cum 
mings'  Architectural  Details;  Sanctum 
Shots;  and  associate  author  of  Architect 
ure,  and  Modern  Architecture.  He  is  now 
associate  editor  of  Martha's  Vineyard 
Herald,  of  Vineyard  Haven,  Mass. 

CUMMINGS,  MOSES,  clergyman,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  about  1816  in  Haver- 
hill,  Mass.  From  1854  to  1862  he  had 
editorial  control  of  The  Christian  Messen 
ger  and  The  Palladium,  the  central  or 
gans  of  the  sect  of  which  he  was  a  mem 
ber.  He  died  Jan.  6,  1867,  in  New  York 
city. 

CUMMINGS,  THOMAS  SEIR,  artist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1804  in  England.  He 
was  a  New  York  artist  who  was  author 
of  the  Historic  Annals  of  the  National 
Academy  from  its  Foundation  to  1865.  He 
died  in  1894. 

CUMMINS,  FRANCIS,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  in  1732  near  Shippens- 
burg,  Pa.  He  filled  the  office  of  pastor 
to  twenty  parishes  in  different  localities 
in  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas.  In  1778 
he  was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina 
convention  held  to  decide  upon  the  con 
stitution  of  the  United  States,  and  voted 
for  its  adoption.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1832,  in 
Greensborough,  Ga. 

CUMMINS,  GEORGE  DAVID,  bishop, 
was  born  Dec.  11,  1822,  in  Smyrna.  While 
rector  of  Trinity  church  of  Chicago,  he 
was  consecrated  as 
sistant  bishop  of 
Kentucky  in  1866.  In 
1873  he  resigned  his 
office  in  the  episco 
pal  church,  and  be 
came  a  member  of 
what  is  known  as  the 
Reformed  Episcopal 
church.  His  low 
church  views  were 
decided,  and  he  took 
occasion  to  censure 
the  ritualistic  ten 
dency  and  proceedings  of  some  of  the 
churches  in  the  see  of  Kentucky.  He 
died  June  26,  1876,  in  Baltimore  county, 
Md. 

CUMMINS,  HESTER  V.,  educator,  po 
et,  was  born  April  6,  1862,  in  Crane's 
Grove,  111.  She  has  attained  success  in 
educational  work  in  primary  and  kinder 
garten  teaching  in  Minnesota.  She  is  the 
author  of  two  volumes  of  poems,  and  has 
contributed  extensively  to  current  liter 
ature. 


270 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CUMMINS,  HOLMES,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1844,  in  Tipton  coun 
ty,  Term.  He  served  during  the  war  In 
the  confederate 
states  army;  was  ad 
jutant  of  the  ninth 
Tennessee  regiment, 
and  adjutant  of  the 
brigade  confederate 
states  army.  During 
1872-76  he  served  as 
a  representative  in 
the  Tennessee  state 
legislature.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  was  ed 
itor  and  owner  of 
the  Tipton  Record 
of  Covington,  Tenn.  He  attained  success  as 
an  able  lawyer,  and  was  the  general  coun 
sel  of  the  Chesapeake,  Ohio  and  South 
western  railroad,  and  of  the  Louisville, 
New  Orleans  and  Texas  railroad.  He 
served  as  vice-president  of  the  Memphis, 
Arkansas  and  Texas  railroad;  and  as 
president  of  the  Memphis,  Paducah  and 
Northern  railroad.  He  always  took  an  ac 
tive  part  In  public  affairs;  in  1878  he  was 
chairman  of  the  democratic  state  conven 
tion  of  Tennessee,  and  in  1892-96  was  na 
tional  democratic  committeeman  for  Ten 
nessee. 

CUMMINS,  JOHN,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Indiana.  He  was  appointed  an  associate 
justice  of  the  United  States  court  for  Ida 
ho  territory,  residing  at  Boise  City. 

CUMMINS,  JOHN  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  during  the  thir 
tieth  congress.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1848, 
in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

CUMMINS,  MARIA  SUSANNA,  author, 
was  born  April  10,  1827,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
She  was  a  famous  novelist  of  Massachu 
setts,  whose  first  book,  The  Lamplighter, 
enjoyed  for  a  time  a  phenomenal  popu 
larity.  Her  subsequent  stories  include 
El  Fureidis,  a  Tale  of  Palestine;  Haunted 
Hearts;  and  Mabel  Vaughan.  She  died 
Oct.  1,  1866,  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

CUMMINS,  MARY  STUART,  educator, 
philanthropist,  was  born  May  31,  1854, 
in  Jonesborough,  Tenn.  For  four  years 
she  was  state  president  for  Montana  of 
the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
union,  and  is  a  member  of  the  state 
board  of  charities  and  reforms  for  Mon 
tana. 

CUNARD,  LUDWELL  M.,  soldier,  far 
mer,  litterateur,  was  born  Dec.  31, 1834,  in 
Loudon  county,  Va.  He  served  as  a 
union  soldier  during  the  civil  war,  and 
mustered  out  a  lieutenant  in  the  thirty- 
ty-flrst  regiment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry. 
He  has  principally  been  engaged  in  agri 
cultural  pursuits,  but  has  now  retired 
from  active  work.  He  has  taken  a  great 
interest  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  coun 
ty  and  state;  and  resides  in  Mt.  Gilead, 
Ohio,  where  for  many  years  he  has  given 
his  attention  to  literary  work. 

CUNDELL,  WILLIAM,  poet,  was  born 
in  July,  1816,  in  England.  In  1850  he 
moved  to  Clinton  county,  Iowa,  which 
was  then  quite  a  wilderness.  His  poems 
appear  in  Poets  of  America  and  other 
standard  works. 

CUNNINGHAM,  E.  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  31,  1842,  in  Clarksfleld, 
Ohio.  He  has  served  as  probate  judge  of 
Lyon  county,  Kas.;  has  many  times  been 
a  delegate  to  republican  state  conven 
tions;  has  contributed  valuable  papers  to 
various  legal  publications;  and  is  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  religious  affairs 
of  Emporia,  Kas. 


CUNNINGHAM,  FRANCIS  A.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1845  to  1847. 

CUNNINGHAM,  JOHN  DANIEL,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  March  28,  1840,  In 
Oak  Bowery,  Ala.  In  1868  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  a  state  court  of  unlimit 
ed  jurisdiction  in  Montgomery  county, 
Ala.  He  became  one  of  the  leading  fruit 
planters  in  Georgia. 

CUNNINGHAM,  WILLIAM  LITTLE 
TON,  clergyman,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  26,  1869,  near  Mulberry  Grove, 
111.  He  received  his  education  at  the  Mc- 
Kendree  university  of  Lebanon,  111.;  the 
Terre  Haute  Business  college;  and  the 
Vandalia  School  of  Stenography.  For 
several  years  he  was  an  instructor  in  ste 
nography;  has  taught  school;  and  was 
editor  of  the  College  Journal.  He  is  a 
successful  clergyman,  and  fills  a  pastorate 
at  St.  Elmo,  111.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  of  fiction,  and  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  current  periodicals. 

CURLINE,  J.  V.,  educator,  college  pres 
ident,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1847,  in  Union 
City,  Tenn.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Kentucky  university  of  Lexington; 
and  has  been  a  college  president  for  a 
quarter  of  a  century. 

CURME,  GEORGE  OLIVER,  educator, 
philologist,  author,  was  born  in  1860,  in 
Richmond,  Ind.  During  1884-96  he  was 
connected  with  Cornell  college  of  Mount 
Vernon,  Iowa,  and  now  fills  the  chair  of 
Germanic  philology  in  the  Northwestern 
university  of  Evanston,  111.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  The  Historic 
Grammar  of  the  German-  Language,  the 
largest  and  most  extensive  work  of  the 
kind  in  America. 

CURRAN,  CHARLES  COURTNEY,  ar 
tist,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1861,  in  Hart 
ford,  Ky.  This  noted  artist  has  received 
numerous  awards.  In  1893  he  was  award 
ed  a  medal  at  the  World's  Columbian  ex 
position,  and  a  medal  at  the  Cotton  States 
exposition  at  Atlanta. 

CURREN,  JAMES  E.,  journalist,  was 
born  July  4,  1855,  in  Dubuque,  Iowa.  He 
started  in  life  as  a  practical  printer,  and 
has  been  the  editor  and  founder  of  a  score 
of  different  country  newspapers  in  the 
west.  He  is  now  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Enterprise,  of  Clayton,  N.  M. 

CURREY,  AUGUSTUS,  poet,  was  born 
Dec.  17,  1836,  in  Detroit,  Mich.  In  1863 
he  became  connected  with  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph 
company,  and  with 
the  Chicago,  Bur 
lington  and  Quincy 
railroad  at  Chicago, 
and  remained  in  that 
city  for  nearly  twen 
ty  years.  He  then 
returned  to  Detroit, 
Mich.,  where  he  is 
manager  of  the  De 
troit  Car  Service  as 
sociation.  He  has 
contributed  numer 
ous  meritorious  poems  to  leading  publica 
tions,  and  have  also  appeared  in  Poets  of 
America  and  other  standard  collections. 
He  is  also  the  author  of  a  volume  of  po 
ems  entitled  The  Sower. 

CURREY,  JOHN  THOMAS,  farmer,  hor 
ticulturist,  legislator,  financier,  was  born 
Oct.  28,  1837,  in  Harrodsburg,  Ky.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  In 
the  common  schools,  and  graduated  from 
the  Asbury  university  of  Greencastle,  Ind. 
He  commenced  life  as  a  day  laborer,  and 
now  owns  a  farm  of  two  thousand  acres, 
fifty  acres  of  which  are  in  orchards.  He 


has  served  as  a  member  of  the  Texas 
state  legislature  in  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  for  four  sessions,  thus  devot 
ing  eight  years  of  his  time  to  the  man 
agement  of  the  state  revenues  and  ap 
propriations,  educational  and  stock  inter 
ests.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Far 
mers'  County  Alliance  of  Van  Zandt 
county,  Texas,  and  has  been  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Dallas  state  fair. 

CURRIER,  FRANK  DUNKLEE,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1853,  in  Canaan, 
N.  H.  He  served  with  distinction  in  the 
New  Hampshire  state  senate  in  1887,  and 
was  made  president  of  that  body.  He 
still  resides  in  the  place  of  his  nativity, 
and  his  portrait  hangs  in  the  new  library 
building  of  the  state  capitol. 

CURRIER,  MOODY,  educator,  lawyer, 
banker,  governor,  poet,  was  born  April 
22,  1806,  in  Boscawen,  N.  H.  He  es 
tablished  the  Amoskeag  National  bank 
and  the  Amoskeag  Savings  bank  in  Man 
chester,  N.  H.  He  was  for  several  years 
a  member  of  the  city  government  of  Man 
chester;  was  twice  clerk  of  the  state  sen 
ate  of  New  Hampshire;  and  served  two 
terms  as  a  state  senator.  He  was  twice 
a  member  of  the  governor's  council;  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1876;  and  in  1884 
was  elected  governor  of  New  Hampshire 
for  two  years  from  June,  1885. 

CURRY,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  26,  1809,  in  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  methodist  divine  of  note;  and 
the  author  of  New  York,  an  Historical 
Sketch;  Life  Story  of  Rev.  D.  W.  Clark; 
Fragments,  Religious  and  Theological; 
and  Platform  Papers.  He  died  Aug.  17, 
1887,  in  New  York  city. 

CURRY,  GEORGE  LAW,  journalist, 
governor,  was  born  July  2,  1820,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  In  1846  he  moved  to  Ore 
gon,  and  two  years  later  founded  the  Ore 
gon  Free  Press,  the  first  weekly  paper  on 
the  Pacific  coast.  In  1849  he  was  ap 
pointed  the  first  secretary  of  the  territory. 
In  1854  he  was  appointed  governor  of 
Oregon  territory,  which  office  he  filled  un 
til  1859,  when  the  territory  was  admit 
ted  as  a  state.  He  died  July  28,  1878,  in 
Portland,  Ore. 

CURRY,  JABEZ  LAMAR  MONROE, 
soldier,  educator,  clergyman,  legislator, 
author,  was  born  June  5,  1825,  in  Lincoln 
county,  Ga.  He  attended  the  academies 
in  Georgia  and  Alabama,  and  subse 
quently  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
from  the  university  of  Georgia;  and  was 
a  graduate  of  the  Harvard  Law  school.  He 
served  as  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  of  Alabama;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  during  1857-61.  He  served 
as  a  member  of  the  confederate  con 
gress;  and  during  the  war  was  a  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  a  cavalry  regiment.  He 
has  been  president  of  Howard  college, 
Ala.;  professor  in  Richmond  college;  and 
was  president  of  trustees  of  Richmond 
college.  He  has  served  as  a  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  Spain;  and  has  been 
trustee  and  general  manager  of  the  John 
F.  Slater  fund,  and  the  Peabody  Educa 
tion  fund.  He  is  the  author  of  Baptists 
and  Pedobaptists,  their  Radical  Differ 
ences  in  Faith  and  Practice;  Constitu 
tional  Government  in  Spain;  Gladstone, 
a  Study;  and  Southern  States  of  the 
American  Union. 

CURRY,  JAMES  L.,  soldier,  lumber 
man,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  30, 
1825,  in  Enfield,  N.  Y.  He  served  from 
1861  to  1864  in  an  Ohio  regiment,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  a  Michi 
gan  representative  from  Genesee  county 
in  1869-70,  and  state  senator  in  1873-74. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


271 


CURRY,  JOHN  ROAKE,  merchant, 
journalist,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  a, 
1847,  in  Yorktown,  N.  Y.  He  served  as 
a  member  of  the  sixth  general  assembly 
of  Colorado;  was  clerk  in  the  district 
court  of  Montezuma  county,  Colo.;  and  a 
pioneer  newspaper  publisher.  He  is  now 
a  successful  merchant  of  Cortez,  Colo. 

CURRY,  OTWAY,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  March  26,  1804,  in  Greenfield,  Ohio. 
He  was  an  Ohio  journalist  who  published 
Love  of  the  Past,  a  poem.  He  died  Feb. 
17,  1855,  in  Maysville,  Ohio. 

CURRY,  ROBERT-PEASE,  business 
man,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1848, 
in  Holderness,  N.  H.  He  is  a  successful 
shoe  manufacturer;  for  many  years  has 
been  postmaster,  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
a  member  of  the  board  of  education  of  his 
native  city.  He  is  also  serving  as  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  New  Hampshire  state 
legislature. 

CURRY,  SAMUEL  SILAS,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1847,  in  Tennessee.  He 
is  an  educator  of  Boston  whose  special 
ty  is  the  culture  of  expression;  and  the 
author  of  The  Province  of  Expression; 
Lessons  in  Vocal  Expression;  and  Imag 
ination  and  Dramatic  Instinct. 

CURRY,  SOLOMON  S.,  business  man, 
legislator,  was  born  June  12,  1839,  in 
Canada.  In  1862  he  moved  to  northern 
Michigan  and  en 
gaged  in  mining,  and 
also  in  exploring  for 
the  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
Canal  company,  and 
subsequently  ex 
plored  for  the  same 
company  at  Mar- 
quette.  In  1879  he 
went  to  Menominee, 
where  he  opened  the 
Curry  mine,  and  sub 
sequently  the  Beau- 
ford  mine.  He  has 
been  identified  with  Ironwood,  and  was 
one  of  its  founders.  He  was  the  first 
president  of  the  First  National  bank 
of  that  city;  established  and  was 
first  president  of  the  People's  bank; 
and  is  president  of  the  Metropolitan  Iron 
and  Land  company.  In  1875  he  repre 
sented  Marquette  county  in  the  Michigan 
state  legislature,  and  in  1886  was  the  dem 
ocratic  candidate  for  lieutenant-governor. 

CURRY,  THOMAS  ALLAN,  lawyer, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1869,  in  Kempville, 
Ala.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Howard  college  of  Birmingham,  Ala.  He 
has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  Clanton,  Ala.,  and  has  served  as  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  Chilton  county. 

CURRY,  WALKER,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  Oct.  24,  1835,  in  Lincoln  coun 
ty,  Ga.  He  served  in  the  civil  war;  in  1862 
was  promoted  to  surgeon;  and  was  given 
charge  of  a  general  hospital  in  Jackson, 
Miss.  In  1869  he  moved  to  New  York 
city,  where  he  soon  acquired  a  lucrative 
practice. 

CURTIN,  ANDREW  GREGG,  lawyer, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  April  22, 
1815,  in  Bellefonte,  Pa.  In  1855-58  he  was 
secretary  of  state  and  superintendent  of 
common  schools  for  Pennsylvania.  In 
1860  he  was  elected  governor;  and  was  re- 
elected  governor  in  1863,  and  was  active 
in  the  election  of  Gen.  Grant  to  the  presi 
dency,  by  whom  he  was  appointed  min 
ister  to  Russia  in  1869.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  and  forty- 
ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

CURTIN,  JEREMIAH,  author,  was  born 
in  1838  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  is  the  au 


thor  of  Myths  and  Folk-Lore  of  Ireland; 
Hero  Tales  of  Ireland;  Tales  of  the  Fair 
ies  and  the  Ghost  World,  collected  from 
Oral  Tradition  in  South  Munster;  Myths 
and  Folk-Tales  of  the  Russians,  Western 
Slavs,  and  Magyars.  His  translations  in 
clude  Tales  of  Three  Centuries,  from  the 
Russian  of  Zagoskin;  and  The  Romances 
of  Sienkiewicz,  from  the  Polish. 

CURTIS,  ALVA,  physician,  author,  was 
born  June  3,  1797,  in  Columbia,  N.  H.  He 
was  an  Ohio  physician  and  medical 
writer;  and  the  author  of  Medical  Discus 
sions;  Lectures  on  Midwifery;  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Medicine;  and  Medical 
Criticisms.  He  died  in  1881,  in  Ohio. 

CURTIS,  BENJAMIN  ROBBINS,  law 
yer,  legislator,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  4,  1809,  in  Watertown,  Mass.  He  set 
tled  in  Boston  in  1834;  and  served  two 
years  in  the  state  legislature.  In  1851  he 
was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States,  which  posi 
tion  he  resigned  in  1857.  In  March,  1868, 
he  acted  as  one  of  the  counsel  for  Presi 
dent  Andrew  Johnson,  before  the  high 
court  of  impeachment.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Circuit 
Courts  of  the  United  States;  United  States 
Supreme  Court  Decisions;  and  Digest  and 
Decisions  of  United  States  Supreme  Court. 
He  died  Sept.  15,  1874,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

CURTIS,  BENJAMIN  ROBBINS,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  in  1855  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  municipal  court  judge 
of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Dottings 
Round  the  Circle,  a  volume  of  travels.  He 
died  in  1891. 

CURTIS,  CARLTON  B.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1811,  in 
Madison  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  in  1836,  1837  and  1838, 
and  was  elected  to  the  thirty-second  and 
thirty-third  congresses.  He  served  in  the 
war  of  the  rebellion  as  colonel  of  a 
Pennsylvania  regiment.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress.  He  died 
March  17,  1883,  in  Erie,  Pa. 

CURTIS,  MRS.  CAROLINE  GARD 
INER,  author,  was  born  in  1827  in  New 
York.  She  is  the  author  of  From  Madge 
to  Margaret;  and  The  Love  of  a  Life 
time. 

CURTIS,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1860,  in  North  To- 
peka,  Kas.  He  was  elected  county  at 
torney  of  Shawnee  county  in  1884  for  a 
term  of  two  years  and  was  re-elected  in 
1886.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

CURTIS,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Vermont.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1837  to  1841;  and  was  appointed  col 
lector  of  New  York  by  President  Harrison. 

CURTIS,  EDWARD,  physician,  author, 
was  born  June  4,  1838,  in  Providence,  R. 
I.  He  is  a  physician  of  New  York  who 
has  published  Manual  of  General  Medical 
Technology. 

CURTIS,  FREDERIC  C.,  soldier,  ed 
ucator,  physician,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1843, 
in  Unionville,  S.  C.  He  served  in  the 
civil  war  as  private  in  the  forty-first  Wis 
consin  regiment;  in  1872  was  appointed 
physician  to  Albany;  in  1877  lecturer  in 
the  summer  course  of  the  Albany  Medical 
college;  and  in  1880  was  professor  of  der 
matology  in  the  college. 

CURTIS,  GEORGE,  banker,  was  born 
about  1793  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  ap 
pointed  president  of  the  Continental  bank 
of  New  York.  He  died  in  1856  in  Jack 
sonville,  Fla. 


CURTIS,  GEORGE  M.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  1,  1844,  near 
Oxford,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Clinton, 
Iowa,  in  1867,  since 
which  time  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of 
doors,  sash,  blinds 
and  lumber.  He  was 
a  member  of  the 
\-  dfilk  twenty-second  gen 
eral  assembly  of 
Iowa;  and  delegate 
to  the  republican  na 
tional  convention  in 
1892.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fourth 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

CURTIS,  GEORGE  TICKNOR,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1812,  in  Water- 
town,  Mass.  He  was  an  eminent  lawyer 
of  New  York  city,  well  known  as  a  legal 
writer  and  biographer.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Digest  of  English  and  American 
Admiralty  Decisions;  Digest  of  Decisions 
of  Courts  of  Common  Law  and  Admiralty 
in  the  United  States;  American  Convey 
ancer;  Law  of  Patents;  Equity  Prece 
dents;  Inventor's  Manual;  Law  of  Copy 
right;  Rights  and  Duties  of  Merchant  Sea 
men;  Commentaries  on  the  Jurispru 
dence,  Practice,  and  Peculiar  Jurisdiction 
of  United  States  Courts;  A  History  of  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States;  Life  of 
James  Buchanan;  Life  of  Daniel  Web 
ster;  Creation  or  Evolution;  Last  Years 
of  Daniel  Webster;  and  John  Charaxes  a 
novel.  He  died  in  1894. 

CURTIS,  GEORGE  W.,  poet,  was  born 
Feb.  18,  1858,  in  Garden  Valley,  Wis.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems  which  have  appeared  in  various 
Wisconsin  publications.  He  is  in  the  ho 
tel  business  at  Duluth. 

CURTIS,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  journal 
ist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  24, 
1824,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  To  Putnam's 
Monthly  he  contrib 
uted  The  Potiphar 
Papers,  a  spirited 
satire  upon  society; 
and  Prue  and  I,  a 
story  far  superior  to 
his  more  ambitious 
novel,  Trumps.  For 
thirty-five  years  he 
filled  the  Easy  Chair 
department  of  Har 
per's  Monthly,  and 
from  1863-92  he  was 
the  political  editor  of 
Harper's  Weekly.  Besides  the  volumes  al 
ready  named,  his  writings  include  Nile 
Notes  of  a  Howadji;  Lotus  Eating;  The 
Howadji  in  Syria;  James  Russell  Lowell, 
an  Address;  Eulogy  on  Wendell  Phillips; 
From  the  Easy  Chair;  and  Literary  and 
Social  Essays.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1892,  on 
Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

CURTIS,  HARVEY,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  May  30,  1806,  in  Ad 
ams,  N.  Y.  From  1843  till  1858  he  held 
pastorates  in  Madison,  Ind.,  and  Chicago, 
111.  He  was  chosen  president  of  Knox 
college  at  Galesburg,  111.,  in  1858.  He 
died  Sept.  18,  1862,  in  Galesburg,  111. 

CURTIS,  JAMES  LANGDON,  presiden 
tial  candidate,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1816,  in 
Stratford,  Conn.  He  was  nominated  by 
the  labor  party  for  governor  of  Connecti 
cut  in  1884,  and  in  1888  became  the  candi 
date  of  the  national  American  party  for 
president. 


272 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CURTIS,  JEREMIAH,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  1804.  in  Harapden,  Maine. 
He  established  a  bank  in  Calais,  Maine, 
and  later  built  the  first  railroad  in  Maine, 
from  Calais  to  Middletown,  and  accepted 
the  abolition  nomination  for  governor  of 
his  state.  The  owner  of  several  formulas 
for  medicines,  he  manufactured  largely, 
and  from  the  sale  of  Winslow's  Soothing 
Syrup,  Brown's  Bronchial  Troches,  etc., 
amassed  a  large  fortune.  He  died  March 
24.  1883,  in  New  York  city. 

CURTIS,  JULIUS  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  10.  1825,  in 
Newton,  Conn.  He  was  appointed  probate 
judge  for  the  district  of  Stamford  in  1867. 
and  held  the  office  for  three  successive 
elections.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the 
borough  of  Stamford  in  1867,  and  as  such 
acted  as  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  in  Fairfield  county.  He  was  elected 
to  the  senate  of  Connecticut  in  1850,  and 
again  in  1860. 

CURTIS,  LEMUEL  J.,  manufacturer, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1814,  in 
Meriden,  Conn.  Engaging  in  the  manu 
facture  of  this  ware,  he  was  in  1852  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Meriden  Britan 
nia  company.  He  accumulated  a  large  for 
tune  by  diligent  industry,  and  at  his  death 
in  1888  left  between  $700,000  and  $800,000 
to  found  an  asylum  for  destitute  children 
and  old  women,  which  he  called  Curtis 
home  and  is  located  in  Meriden. 

CURTIS,  MOSES  ASHLEY,  botanist, 
author,  was  born  in  1808,  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  botanist  and  episcopal 
clergyman  of  North  Carolina;  and  the 
author  of  Edible  Fungi  of  North  Caro 
lina;  Contributions  to  Mycology  of  North 
America;  Catalogue  of  the  Plants  of 
North  Carolina;  Esculent  Fungi;  and 
Indigenous  and  Native  Plants  of  North 
Carolina.  He  died  in  1872. 

CURTIS,  NEWTON  MARTIN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  21, 
1835,  in  Depeyster,  N.  Y.  He  was  ap 
pointed  major-general  by  brevet  for  gal 
lant  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
war  and  assigned  duty  as  chief  of  staff 
of  Major-General  Ord.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  assembly  from  1884  to  1890,  inclu 
sive;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses,  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republi 
can. 

CURTIS,  SAMUEL  IVES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1844,  in  Union, 
Conn.  He  is  a  congregational  clergyman 
and  professor  in  the  Theological  semi 
nary  of  Chicago.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Name  Maccabee;  The  Levitical 
Priests;  Ingersoll  and  Moses;  and  The 
Date  of  our  Gospels. 

CURTIS,  SAMUEL  RYAN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1807, 
in  Ohio.    He  studied  and  practiced  law  In 
Ohio.  He  was  elected 
from  Iowa  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of 
representatives       i  n 
the    thirty-fifth    con 
gress;     and   was   re- 
elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  and  thirty-sev 
enth  congresses.    He 
resigned    in    1861   to 
serve  as  a  brigadier 
and  major-general  in 
the  union  army  dur 
ing  the  rebellion.  He 
died  Dec.  25,  1866,  in  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 
CURTIS,     THOMAS,     clergyman,     was 
born  in  1780,  in  England.    He  was  pastor 
for  some  years  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and 
subsequently  established  a  young  ladies' 
school  at  Limestone  Spring.     He  died  in 


CURTIS,  THOMAS  F.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1815,  in  England. 
He  was  a  baptist  divine  who  was  for  some 
years  president  of  Lewisburg  university, 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  the  author  of  Pro 
gress  of  Baptist  Principles  in  the  Last 
Hundred  Years  (1857) ;  and  The  Human 
Element  in  the  Inspiration  of  the  Sacred 
Scriptures,  a  work  which  occupies  the  Co- 
lenso  position  on  the  subject  and  is  in 
places  more  advanced.  He  died  Aug.  9. 
1872,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

CURTIS,  WILLIAM  EDMUND,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1824,  in  Litchfield, 
Conn.  In  1871  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
New  York  supreme  court,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  was  chief  justice  of  the  su 
perior  court.  He  died  July  6,  1880,  in 
Watertown,  Conn. 

CURTIS,  WILLIAM  ELEROY,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1850,  in  Ak 
ron,  Ohio.  He  was  envoy  extraordinary 
and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  the  re 
public  of  Central  and  South  America; 
special  envoy  to  the  Vatican;  special  en 
voy  to  the  court  of  Spain,  and  executive 
officer  international  American  conference. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  United  States  and 
Foreign  Powers;  Life  of  Zachariah 
Chandler;  The  Capitals  of  Spanish 
America;  The  Land  of  the  Nihilist; 
Venezuela;  The  Yankees  of  the  East;  and 
Japan  Sketches. 

CURTIS.  WILLIAM  WOODSIDE,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1858,  in 
Freeport,  Maine.  He  has  been  principal 
of  high  schools  in  Maine  and  Massachu 
setts;  and  is  now  principal  of  the  high 
school  of  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  He  is  one  of 
the  authors  of  the  English  Classics  Series; 
and  contributes  extensively  to  current 
literature. 

CURTISS,  MRS.  ABBEY,  poet,  was  born 
Sept.  15,  1820,  in  Pomfret,  Conn.  She  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Home  Ballads. 

CURTISS,  FRANK  H.,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1857,  in  Cold- 
water,  Mich.  In  1879  he  graduated  from 
the  New  York  Normal  school;  and  was 
instructor  in  the  training  department  of 
that  institution  for  two  years.  For  two 
years  he  was  president  of  the  Brunson 
Military  academy,  South  Carolina;  for 
four  years  was  president  of  the  Aiken 
institute,  South  Carolina;  and  for  one 
year  was  president  of  the  Thomasville 
Female  college,  North  Carolina.  He  has 
taught  in  the  city  schools  of  Titusville, 
Pa.,  and  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  and  for  the 
past  seven  years  has  been  superintendent 
of  city  schools  of  Shelby,  Tenn. 

CURTISS,  GEORGE  LEWIS,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1835, 
in  Columbia,  Ohio.  He  attended  the 
Baldwin  university  of  Berea,  Ohio,  and 
the  Medical  college  of  Indiana.  For  two 
years  he  filled  the  chair  of  mathematics 
in  Moore's  Hill  college;  for  ten  years 
filled  the  same  chair  in  the  Medical  col 
lege  of  Indiana;  for  seven  years  was  pro 
fessor  of  historical  theology  in  the  De 
Pauw  university;  and  for  six  years  was 
professor  of  diseases  of  the  nervous  sys 
tem  in  the  Medical  college  of  the  New 
Orleans  university.  During  all  this  time 
he  filled  pastorates  in  the  Methodist  Epis 
copal  church;  and  now  fills  a  pastorate 
in  Columbus,  Ind.  He  is  the  author  of 
Monograph  on  Methodism;  Sketches  from 
the  Romances  of  American  History;  Man 
ual  of  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  His 
tory;  Evolution  of  Christian  Doctrine; 
Interrogatory  Studies  of  the  Bible;  and 
A  Study  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Metho 


dist  Episcopal  church.     He  has  received 
the  degrees  of  A.  M.,  M.  D.  and  D.  D. 

CURTISS,  MARILLA  S.,  poet,  was  born 
May  27,  1322,  in  Oswego.  N.  Y.  Her 
poems  have  appeared  in  the  leading  news 
papers  and  magazines  of  America,  and 
have  been  a  valuable  acquisition  to  cur 
rent  literature. 

CURTISS,  ROMAINE  J.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1840,  in  Richland 
county,  Ohio.  He  has  been  professor  of 
bacteriology,  hygiene  and  general  path 
ology  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  Chicago.  He  has  attained 
eminent  success  as  a  physician  and  sur 
geon  at  Joliet,  111.,  where  he  is  surgeon 
in  charge  of  St.  Joseph's  hospital;  health 
commissioner;  and  surgeon  to  the  Joliet 
Steel  company. 

CURWEN,  SAMUEL,  author,  was  born 
in  1715,  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  loy 
alist  who  lived  in  England  during  the 
American  revolution,  but  returned  after 
its  close  to  his  native  town  of  Salem. 
While  an  exile  he  kept  a  journal  which 
contains  much  valuable  information  con 
cerning  loyalist  exiles.  It  was  first  pub 
lished  in  1842,  with  the  title  Journal  and 
Letters  of  the  Late  Samuel  Curwen,  Judge 
of  Admiralty,  an  American  Refugee  in 
England,  1775-1784.  He  died  in  1802. 

CUSACK,  MARY  E..  philanthropist,  was 
born  in  1830.  She  is  known  as  The  Nun 
of  Kenmare. 

CUSHING,  CALEB,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1800. 
in  Salisbury,  Mass.     In  1825  and  1826  he 
served    in    the    state 
legislature.     He  was 
a    representative    in 
congress    from    1835 
to     1843;      was     ap 
pointed,     by     Presi 
dent  Tyler,  commis 
sioner  and  envoy  to 
China,    and    as   such 
~t        negotiated      an     im- 
portant     treaty.      In 

1846  he   was   elected 
to  the  legislature;    in 

1847  was  chosen  col 
onel    of    the    Massachusetts   regiment    of 
volunteers  for  the  Mexican  war;    and  was 
afterward   appointed  a  brigadier-general. 
In  1850  he  was  for  the  fifth  time  elected 
to  the  legislature;    and  in  1851  was  made 
a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state. 
He    was    attorney-general    from    1853-57. 
He  was  again  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
his  native  state.     He  was  the  author  of 
Historical    and    Political    Review    of   the 
Late  Revolution  in  France,  1833;    Practi 
cal  Principles  of  Political  Economy;    Life 
of  William  Henry  Harrison;    Growth  and 
Territorial  Progress  of  the  United  States, 
1837;     Reminiscences   of  Spain;     History 
of    Newburyport;      and    The    Treaty    of 
Washington.     He    died   Jan.   2,    1879,    in 
Newburyport,  Mass. 

CUSHING,  FRANK  HAMILTON,  eth 
nologist,  author,  was  born  July  22,  1857. 
in  Northeast,  Pa.  He  was  curator  of  the 
entire  Indian  collection  of  the  National 
museum  for  the  centennial  exposition  at 
Philadelphia.  In  1879  he  was  assistant 
ethnologist  of  the  United  States  bureau  of 
ethnology  of  the  Smithsonian  institution. 

CUSHING,  JONATHAN  PETER,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  March 
12,  1793,  in  Rochester,  N.  H.  He  became 
a  tutor  in  Hampden  Sydney  college  in 
1818,  and  professor  of  chemistry  and  nat 
ural  philosophy  two  years  later.  This 
chair  he  held  for  two  years,  when  he  be 
came  the  president  of  the  college.  He 
died  April  25,  1835,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 


HERRINQSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


273 


GUSHING,  LUTHER  STEARNS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  June  22,  1803, 
in  Lunenburg,  Mass.  He  was  a  well-known 
authority  on  parliamentary  practice  and 
a  Massachusetts  jurist  who  was  lecturer 
on  Roman  law  in  Harvard  university  in 
1848-56.  He  was  the  author  of  Massachu 
setts  Reports,  1848-53;  Manual  of  Parlia 
mentary  Practice;  Trustee  Process;  Re 
medial  Law;  Reports  of  Controverted 
Election  Cases  in  Massachusetts;  Intro 
duction  to  the  study  of  Roman  Civil  Law; 
Elements  of  the  Law  and  Practice  of  Leg 
islative  Assemblies  in  the  United  States; 
Lex  Parliamentaria  Americana;  and  Rules 
of  Proceeding  and  Debates  in  the  De 
liberative  Assemblies.  He  died  June  22, 
1856,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CUSHING,  RICHARDSON  ERNEST, 
educator,  librarian,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1857. 
He  graduated  from  Amherst  college  in 
1880;  and  subsequently  from  the  Hart 
ford  Theological  seminary.  He  is  engaged 
in  educational  work,  and  fills  a  chair  in 
the  Hartford  Theological  seminary.  He 
is  also  librarian  of  the  Princeton  univer 
sity,  New  Jersey. 

CUSHING,  THOMAS,  patriot,  was  born 
March  24,  1725,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
so  prominent  a  member  of  the  colonial 
congress  that  he  was  regarded  in  Great 
Britain  as  one  of  the  leaders  of  sedition. 
He  died  Feb.  28,  1788,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CUSHING,  THOMAS  HUMPHREY,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1755.  He  served  during 
the  revolutionary  war,  beginning  as  a 
sergeant;  was  in  Arnold's  naval  battle  on 
Lake  Champlain,  and  for  his  bravery  was 
successively  advanced  until  in  1812  he  had 
reached  a  brigadier-generalship.  He  died 
Oct.  19,  1822,  in  New  London,  Conn. 

CUSHING,  THOMAS  PARKMAN,  mer 
chant,  was  born  in  1787,  in  Ashburnham, 
Mass.  He  was  a  successful  merchant  and 
philanthropist  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  died 
Nov.  23,  1854,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CUSHING,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  March  1,  1732,  in  Scituate,  Mass. 
In  1772  he  became  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Massachusetts;  in  1777  was  pro 
moted  to  chief  judge;  and  in  1789  was 
appointed,  by  President  Washington, 
a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States,  in  which  position  he  con 
tinued  until  his  death.  He  died  Sept.  13, 
1810,  in  Scituate,  Mass. 

CUSHING,  WILLIAM,  author,  was  born 
May  15,  1811,  in  Lunenburg,  Mass.  He 
went  to  Cambridge  in  1868,  became  li 
brary  assistant  in  the  Harvard  library, 
and  "since  1878  was  engaged  in  literary 
pursuits.  His  published  books  are  Index 
to  the  North  American  Review;  Index  to 
the  Christian  Examiner;  Initials  and 
Pseudonyms;  and  Anonyms.  He  died  in 
1895. 

CUSHMAN,  CHARLOTTE  SAUNDERS, 
actress,  was  born  July  23,  1816,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  She  is  generally  admitted  to  be  the 
greatest  of  American  actresses  and  read 
ers,  and  by  her  stainless  life,  worked  for 
the  elevation  of  the  stage.  Her  farewell 
to  the  stage  was  a  great  ovation,  and  she 
received  from  the  noble  and  venerable 
poet  Bryant,  a  laurel  crown.  She  died 
Feb.  18,  1876,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CUSHMAN,  JOHN  PAINE,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1784, 
in  Pomfret,  Conn.  He  served  in  congress 
from  New  York  from  1817  to  1819;  and  in 
1838  was  appointed  judge  of  the  circuit 
court,  having  previously  been  recorder  of 
the  city  of  Troy,  and  one  of  the  regents 
of  the  state  university.  He  died  Sept.  16, 
1848,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

CUSHMAN,  JOSHUA,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Plymouth, 

18 


Mass.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1809, 
1810,  1819  and  1820,  and  a  member  of  the 
assembly  in  1811  and  1834.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Massachu 
setts  from  1819  to  1821;  and  represented 
Maine  in  congress  from  1821  to  1825,  after 
its  separation  from  Massachusetts.  He 
died  in  1834. 

CUSHMAN,  PAULINE,  actress,  spy, 
was  born  June  10,  1833,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  She  was  employed  by  the  government 
as  a  detective  to  discover  the  southern 
sympathizers  and  spies  in  Louisville,  and 
their  methods  of  conveying  information 
and  medical  supplies  across  the  lines,  and 
frequently  also  as  a  scout. 

CUSHMAN,  SAMUEL,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1783.  He  was  judge  of 
the  police  court  of  Portsmouth,  N.  H. ; 
held  several  offices  of  trust  in  the  state, 
such  as  councilor  from  1833  to  1835,  coun 
ty  treasurer  from  1823  to  1828,  and  navy 
agent  at  Portsmouth  from  1845  to  1849. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1835  to  1839.  He 
died  May  20,  1851,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

CUSHMAN,  SETH  LEONARD,  banker, 
was  born  Aug.  13,  1849,  in  Taunton,  Mass. 
For  many  years  he  served  as  a  book 
keeper  in  a  large  mercantile  house.  He 
then  entered  the  banking  business,  and 
since  1877  has  been  president  of  the  Bris 
tol  county  National  bank  of  Taunton, 
Mass. 

CUSSONS,  JOHN,  explorer,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  April  6,  1837,  in  Horn- 
castle,  England.  He  came  to  Virginia  in 
April,  1861,  as  lieu 
tenant  in  the  gov 
ernor's  guard,  fourth 
Alabama  regiment. 
He  scouted  for  Gen. 
Bernard  until  the 
death  of  that  officer. 
He  was  then  as 
signed  to  scouting  by 
Gen.  Whiting  until 
appointed  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  Law,  at 
the  battle  of  Seven 
Pines;  and  served 
with  distinction  throughout  the  war.  He 
is  an  honored  member  of  the  Richmond 
Chamber  of  Commerce;  member  of  the 
history  committee;  grand  commander  of 
the  confederate  veterans  of  Virginia;  and 
founder  of  Glen  Allen,  near  Richmond, 
Va.,  where  he  has  a  beautiful  country 
seat  called  Forest  Lodge. 

CUSTER,  MRS.  ELIZABETH,  author, 
was  born  in  Monroe,  Mich.,  and  was  the 
wife  of  the  late  Gen.  George  A.  Custer. 
She  is  the  author  of  Boots  and  Saddles, 
or  Life  in  Dakota  with  General  Custer; 
Tenting  on  the  Plains,  or  General  Custer 
in  Kansas  and  Texas;  and  Following  the 
Guidon. 

CUSTER,  GEORGE  ARMSTRONG,  gen 
eral,  author,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1839,  in 
New  Rumley,  Ohio.  He  was  a  famous 
general  in  the  feder 
al  army  during  the 
civil  war,  who  after 
wards  became  noted 
in  campaigns  against 
the  Indians,  and  was 
killed  with  his  en 
tire  command  in  a 
battle  with  the  Sioux 
in  the  Black  Hills. 
My  Life  on  the 
Plains  was  his  only 
publication.  He  died 
June  25,  1876,  i  n 

Montana.    Mrs.  Elizabeth  Custer,  his  wife, 
is  a  noted  author. 


CUSTER,  THOMAS  WARD,  soldier, 
was  born  March  15,  1845,  in  New  Rumley, 
Ohio.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  an  Ohio 
regiment,  and  served  in  the  west  until  he 
was  made  aide-de-camp  on  his  brother's 
staff,  then  with  the  army  of  the  Potomac. 
He  died  June  25,  1876,  in  Montana. 

CUSTIS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 
PARKE,  author,  was  born  April  30,  1781. 
in  Mount  Airy,  Md.  He  was  an  adopted 
son  of  General  Washington;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Recollections  of  Washington.  He 
died  Oct.  10,  1857,  in  Arlington  House,  Va. 

CUSTIS,  J.  B.  GREGG,  homoeopathic 
physician,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1855,  in  Wil 
mington,  Del.  He  spent  his  youth  in  New 
Jersey  and  there  attended  private  schools. 
In  1875  he  graduated  from  the  Columbian 
university  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  with  the 
degree  of  A.  B.;  and  in  1878  from  the 
Homoeopathic  Medical  college  and  hospi 
tal.  He  has  been  professor  of  obstetrics 
in  the  Southern  Homoeopathic  Medical 
college  of  Baltimore;  president  of  the 
Alumni  association  of  the  New  York 
Homoeopathic  Medical  college  and  hospi 
tal;  president  of  the  homoeopathic  board 
of  medical  examiners  of  Washington,  D. 
C.,  and  is  now  president  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  that  city. 

CUTBUSH,  JAMES,  chemist,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  professor  of  chemistry  at  West  Point. 
He  published  the  Useful  Cabinet,  1808; 
Philosophy  of  Experimental  Chemistry; 
and  Treatise  on  Pyrotechnics.  He  died 
Dec.  15,  1823,  in  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

CUTCHEON,  BYRON  M.,  was  born  May 
11,  1836,  in  Pembroke,  N.  H.  He  served  in 
the  civil  war;  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  second  brigade,  first  division, 
ninth  army  corps,  army  of  the  Potomac, 
in  1864;  and  was  mustered  out  in  1865.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  control  of 
railroads  of  Michigan  in  1866-83;  was 
presidential  elector  in  1868;  was  city  at 
torney  in  1870-71;  was  county  attorney 
in  1873-74;  was  regent  of  the  Michigan 
university  in  1875-83;  was  postmaster  at 
Manistee  City  in  1877-83;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  and 
fiftieth  congresses,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 
During  1895-96  he  was  an  editorial  writer 
on  the  Detroit  Daily  Tribune;  and  sinc>> 
1896  he  has  practiced  law  in  Grand  Rap 
ids.  Mich. 

CUTHBERT,  ALFRED,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
about  1781,  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He  was  first 
elected  to  the  state  legislature,  then  a 
representative  from  Georgia  in  the  thir 
teenth  and  fourteenth  congresses,  serving 
till  1816,  when  he  resigned.  He  was  again 
elected  to  the  seventeenth,  eighteenth  and 
nineteenth  congresses,  serving  from  1821 
till  1827.  He  was  elected  United  States 
senator  from  Georgia  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
and  was  re-elected  for  a  full  term  serving 
from  1835  till  1843.  He  died  July  9  1856 
near  Monticello,  Ga. 

CUTHBERT,  JAMES  HAZARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1823,  in 
Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman 
of  Washington;  and  the  author  of  Our 
Mission  as  Baptists;  and  Life  of  Richard 
Fuller. 

CUTHBERT,  JOHN  A.,  congressman, 
was  born  June  3,  1788,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
his  native  state  from  1818  to  1821;  and 
was  appointed  in  1822  a  commissioner  to 
treat  with  the  Creek  and  Cherokee  In 
dians.  He  died  Sept.  22,  1881,  in  Mobile 
Ala. 


274 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


CUTLER,  AUGUSTUS  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1829,  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.  He  was  a  prosecutor  for 
Morris  county;  in  1871  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate;  and  in  1874  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fifth  congress. 

CUTLER  CARROLL,  fourth  president 
of  Western 'Reserve  and  Adelbert  college, 
was  born  Jan.  31,  1829,  in  Windham.  N. 
H  He  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  phil 
osophy  and  ethics  in  the  Western  Reserve 
college  in  1860.  and  became  president  in 
1871.  During  his  administration  the  col 
lege  was  removed  from  Hudson  to  Cleve 
land,  Ohio,  and  its  name  changed  to  Adel 
bert  college.  He  served  as  its  president 
until  1886.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Be 
ginning  of  Ethics,  and  other  works.  He 
died  Jan.  25,  1894,  in  Talladega,  Ala. 

CUTLER.  ELBRIDGE  JEFFERSON, 
educator,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  28.  1831,  in 
Holliston,  Mass.  He  was  a  professor  of 
modern  languages  at  Harvard  university 
in  1865-1870;  and  the  author  of  War 
Poems;  and  Stella.  He  died  Dec.  27,  1887. 
in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

CUTLER,  MRS.  HANNAH  MARIA, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1815, 
in  Becket,  Mass.  She  is  a  prominent 
woman  suffragist  who  became  a  physi 
cian  in  1879,  and  practiced  in  Cobden,  111. 
She  is  the  author  of  Woman  as  She  Was, 
Is,  and  Should  Be;  Phillipia,  or  A  Wo 
man's  Question;  and  The  Fortunes  of  Mi 
chael  Doyle,  or  Home  Rule  for  Ireland. 
CUTLER,  HENRY  STEPHEN,  musi 
cian,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1824,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  organist  and  choir-master 
in  Trinity  church,  N.  Y.,  from  1860  to 
1868.  He  compiled  The  Psalter,  with 
Chants;  Trinity  Psalter;  and  Trinity  An 
thems. 

CUTLER.  JERVIS,  pioneer,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  19.  1768,  in  Edgartown,  Mass. 
He  was  a  western  pioneer  who  published 
Topographical  Description  of  the  Western 
Country.  He  died  June  25,  1844,  in  Evans- 
ville,  Ind. 

CUTLER,  MRS.  LIZZIE  PETIT,  author, 
was  born  in  1836.  in  Milton,  Va.  She  is 
the  author  of  Light  and  Darkness;  House 
hold  Mysteries,  a  romance  of  Southern 
life;  and  The  Stars  of  the  Crowd,  or  Men 
and  Women  of  the  Day. 

CUTLER,  LYSANDER,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1806  in  Maine.  He  offered  his 
services  to  the  government  at  the  begin 
ning  of  the  civil  war,  and  was  given  com 
mand  of  the  sixth  Wisconsin  regiment. 
Subsequently  he  was  in  command  of  the 
Iron  Brigade  of  the  army  of  the  Poto 
mac,  to  which  his  regiment  was  attached, 
and  won  the  promotion  of  brigadier-gen 
eral  and  afterward  major-general.  He  died 
July  30,  1866,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

CUTLER,  MANASSEH,  clergyman,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  3,  1742,  in  Kill- 
Thgly,  Conn.  He  was  one  of  the  first  scien 
tific  explorers  of  the  White  mountains: 
and  in  1787  he  organized  an  expedition  to 
the  northwest  territory.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  legislature;  was 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Hamilton,  Mass.. 
until  his  death;  and  in  1800  he  was  elect 
ed  to  a  seat  in  congress,  and  retained  it 
until  1804.  He  died  July  28,  1823,  in  Ham 
ilton,  Mass. 

CUTLER,  NATHAN,  governor,  was 
born  May  29,  1775.  in  I^exington,  Mass.  In 

1828  and  1829  he   was  a   member  of   the 
Maine  senate  from  Kennebec  county.     In 

1829  he  was  president  of  that  body,  by  vir 
tue  of  which  office  he  became  governor  for 
the  unexpired  term  of  Gov.  Lincoln.     He 
died  June  8,  1861,  in  Farmington,  Maine. 


CUTLER,  TIMOTHY,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1683  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  From 
1719-22  he  was  rector  of  Yale  college.  He 
died  Aug.  17,  1765,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

CUTLER,  WILLIAM  P.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  congressman,  was  born  July  12,  1813, 
near  Marietta,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Ohio  legislature  in  1844,  1845  and 
1846,  officiating  as  speaker  of  the  house 
during  the  last  term.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  constitutional  convention  of  1850; 
and  from  that  period  until  elected  to  con 
gress  was  president  of  the  Marietta  and 
Cincinnati  Railroad  company.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress. 

CUTT,  CHARLES,  lawyer.  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1769,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  In  1804  he  was  elected 
to  the  New  Hampshire  legislature,  becom 
ing  speaker  of  that  body  during  the  same 
year.  He  was  elected  a  senator  from  New 
Hampshire.  He  died  Jan.  25,  1846,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

CUTTS,  RICHARD,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  June  22,  1771,  on 
Cutts  Island,  near  Saco,  Maine.  After 
serving  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
general  court  of  Massachusetts,  he  was 
elected  in  1800  a  member  of  the  house  of 
representatives  of  the  United  States,  and 
served  through  six  successive  congresses 
as  a  democrat.  In  1813  he  was  appointed 
superintendent  of  military  supplies,  and 
during  1817-29  was  second  comptroller  of 
the  treasury.  He  died  April  7,  1845,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

CUTT.  RICHARD  DOMINICUS,  soldier, 
surveyor,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1817,  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  In  1855  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  surveyor  upon  the 
international  fisheries  commission  for  the 
settlement  of  the  limits  of  the  fishing 
grounds  between  the  United  States  and 
the  British  dominions  in  North  America. 
In  the  civil  war  he  was  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  Henry  W.  Halleck,  and  received  the 
bre\et  rank  of  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  in  March,  1865.  He  died  Dec.  13. 
1883,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CUTTER.  CALVIN,  physician,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  May  1,  1807,  in  Jaffrey, 
N.  H.  He  commanded  forces  in  Kansas 
in  1856:  and  was  president  of  the  military 
council  of  that  state.  During  1861-64  he 
was  surgeon  of  the  twenty-first  regiment 
Massachusetts  volunteer  infantry.  He  was 
the  author  of  Cutter's  Physiology.  He 
died  March  25,  1880,  in  Greene,  Maine. 

CUTTER,  CHARLES  AMMI,  librarian, 
author,  was  born  March  14,  1837,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  In  1855  he  graduated  from 

Harvard;  and     since 

.  1869  has  been  librar 
ian  of  the  Boston 
Athenjeum.  He  has 
prepared  a  new  clas 
sification  for  librar 
ies;  and  written 
Rules  for  a  Printed 
Dictionary  Cata 
logue.  He  is  also  the 
author  of  Boston 
AthenjEum:  How  to 
Get  Books,  with  an 
explanation  of  the 
new  way  of  marking  books:  and  has  edit 
ed  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Boston 
AthenEPum,  in  five  volumes.  Since  1881  he 
has  edited  the  Library  Journal  of  New 
York  city. 

CUTTER,  EPHRAIM,  physician,  inven 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  1.  1832,  in  Woburn. 
Mass.  He  practiced  his  profession  in  New 
York;  and  in  1887  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 


was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  faculty 
of  Iowa  college  for  his  inventions,  im 
provements  and  contributions  to  medical 
science. 

CUTTER.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
poet,  was  born  in  1801  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  the  author  of  Buena  Vista,  and 
Other  Poems;  Song  of  Steam;  and  Poems 
National  and  Patriotic.  He  died  Dec.  24, 
1865,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

CUTTING.  FRANCIS  BROCKHOLST. 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1805  in  New  York  city.  In  1836  and  1837 
he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  legis 
lature;  from  1853  to  1855  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  his  native  state; 
and  was  leading  counsel  in  almost  all  im 
portant  commercial  questions  in  New 
York  from  1840  to  1855.  He  died  June  26, 
1870,  in  New  York  city. 

CUTTING,  HIRAM  ADOLPHUS,  geolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1832,  in 
Concord,  Vt.  He  is  state  geologist  of  Ver 
mont;  and  the  author  of  Mining  in  Ver 
mont;  Climatology  of  Vermont;  Micro 
scopic  Revelations;  Farm  Pests;  Notes  on 
Building  Stones;  Lectures  on  Plants,  Fer 
tilization,  etc.;  Lectures  on  Milk,  etc.; 
Farm  Lectures;  and  Vermont  Agricultur 
al  Reports. 

CUTTING,  JAMES  AMBROSE,  inven 
tor,  was  born  in  1814  in  Massachusetts. 
Turning  his  attention  to  the  new  art  of 
making  daguerreotypes,  he  discovered  the 
process  of  making  pictures  on  glass, 
which  after  his  own  name  he  called  am- 
brotypes.  He  died  July  31,  1867,  in  Wor 
cester,  Mass. 

CUTTING,  JOHN  TYLER,  soldier, 
business  man,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  7,  1844,  in  Westport,  N.  Y.  He  en 
listed  in  Taylor's  Chicago  battery  at  the 
breaking  out  of  the  civil  war  and  served 
until  1862;  re-enlisted  in  1864  in  the  Chi 
cago  Mercantile  battery,  in  which  he 
served  until  the  expiration  of  the  war. 
He  removed  to  California  in  1877  and  es 
tablished  a  wholesale  fruit  and  commis 
sion  business  under  the  title  of  The  John 
T.  Cutting  and  company.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

CUTTING,.  SEWALL  SYLVESTER,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
19,  1813,  in  Windsor,  Vt.  He  was  a  bap 
tist  clergyman  and  religious  journalist; 
and  the  author  of  Historical  Vindications; 
Struggles  and  Triumphs  of  Religious  Lib 
erty;  and  Ancient  Baptistries.  He  died 
Feb.  7,  1882,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

CUTTS,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  1769  in  Mass 
achusetts.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  legislature  in  1804,  and  then  speaker 
of  the  house.  He  was  sent  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1810  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  served  until  1813.  He  was  sec 
retary  of  the  senate  from  1814  to  1825. 
He  died  in  1846  in  Virginia. 

CUTTS,  MARSENA  E.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  22,  1833,  in  Or 
well,  Vt.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Poweshiek  county.  Iowa,  in  1859;  was 
a  member  of  the  state  house  of  represen- 
iatives  in  1861;  was  a  state  senator  from 
1864  to  1866;  and  was  again  in  the  state 
house  of  representatives  from  1870  to  1872. 
He  was  attorney-general  of  the  state  from 
1872  to  1877,  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Iowa  to  the  forty-seventh  and 
I urty -eighth  congresses. 

CUYLER,  JEREMIAH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  bum  in  Georgia.  In  1S21  be  was  ap 
pointed  district  judge  of  the  United  States 
eourt  for  the  district  of  Georgia.  He  died 
May  7.  1X39.  in  Savannah,  Ga. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


275 


CUYLER,  THEODORE  LEDYARD, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1822, 
in  Aurora,  N.  Y.  He  is  one  of  the  lead- 
,  ing  divines  of  Amer 
ica,  and  for  nearly 
forty  years  has  been 
pastor  of  the  Lafay 
ette  Avenue  Presby 
terian  church  of 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In 
1846  he  graduated 
from  the  Princeton 
Theological  serai- 
nary,  and  has  filled 
pastorates  In  Bur- 
lington  and  Trenton, 
N.  J.;  New  York  city; 

and  in  Brooklyn  since  1860.  He  is  author 
of  a  dozen  books  on  religious  sub 
jects;  and  one  of  his  temperance 
tracts,  entitled  Somebody's  Son,  has  had 
a  circulation  of  nearly  a  million  copies. 
His  force  in  preaching  lies  in  picturesque 
description  and  the  weaving  in  of  scenes 
and  illustrations  from  scripture  and  from 
daily  life.  His  principal  works  are;  Stray 
Arrows;  Cedar  Christian;  The  Empty 
Crib;  Wayside  Springs;  Right  to  the 
Point;  Thought  Hives;  God's  Light  on 
Dark  Clouds;  Pointed  Papers;  Heart  Life; 
From  the  Nile  to  Norway;  Newly  Enlist 
ed,  or  Talks  to  Young  Converts;  The 
Young  Preacher;  Stirring  the  Eagle's 
Nest;  How  to  Be  a  Pastor;  and  Christian 
ity  in  the  Home. 

DABNEY,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  diplo 
mat,  was  born  March  19,  1794,  in  Alexan 
dria,  Va.  In  1826  he  became  United  States 
consul  to  Fayal.  In  the  famines  that  vis 
ited  the  island  from  time  to  time  during 
his  residence,  some  of  which  were  very 
severe,  he  furnished  the  inhabitants  with 
food,  assisted  them  to  replant  their  fields, 
advised  and  suggested  the  culture  of  new 
and  more  varied  crops.  He  died  March  12, 
1871,  in  the  Azores. 

DABNEY,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  edu 
cator,  chemist,  author,  was  born  June  19, 
1855,  in  Hampden  Sidney  College,  Va.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Hampden 
Sidney  college,  university  of  Virginia  and 
the  universities  of  Germany.  He  has  been 
state  chemist  and  director  of  the  North 
Carolina  agricultural  experiment  station; 
and  director  of  the  Tennessee  agricul 
tural  experiment  station.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  university  of  Tennessee, 
and  is  the  author  of  a  .number  of  scien 
tific  works. 

DABNEY,  RICHARD,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  in  1787  in  Louisa  county,  Va. 
He  was  a  noted  instructor  in  Richmond, 
Va.,  whose  Poems,  Original  and  Trans 
lated,  contain  scholarly  translations  from 
Euripides,  Alcseus,  and  other  classic  po 
ets.  He  died  in  November,  1825,  in  Lou 
isa  county,  Va. 

DABNEY,  RICHARD  HEATH,  author, 
was  born  in  1859  in  Virginia.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Causes  of  the  French  Revolu 
tion. 

DABNEY,  ROBERT  LEWIS,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  5, 
1820,  in  Louisa  county,  Va.  He  is  a  pres- 
byterian  clergyman;  and  since  1882  pro 
fessor  of  moral  philosophy  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Texas.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  of 
T.  S.  Sampson;  Life  and  Campaigns  of 
Gen.  Stonewall  Jackson;  Sacred  Rhet 
oric,  or  Lectures  on  Preaching;  Defense 
of  Virginia  and  the  South;  The  Sensual- 
istic  Philosophy  of  the  Nineteenth  Cen 
tury;  A  Course  of  Systematic  and  Pole 
mic  Theology;  The  Christian  Sabbath; 
and  Collected  Discussions. 


DABNEY,  VIRGINIUS,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  15,  1835,  in  Gloucester 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  staff  officer  in  the 
confederate  service  during  the  civil  war, 
who  published  Don  Miff,  a  Symphony  of 
Life;  and  Gold  That  Did  Not  Glitter. 

DABOLL,  CELADON  LEEDS,  mer 
chant,  inventor,  was  born  July  18,  1818. 
in  Centre  Groton,  Conn.  He  conceived 
the  idea  of  applying  the  principle  of  the 
clarionet  to  a  large  trumpet,  to  serve  as 
a  fog  signal  for  mariners.  He  died  Oct. 
13,  1866,  in  Groton,  Conn. 

DABOLL,  DAVID  AUSTIN,  journalist, 
state  legislator,  state  senator,  was  born 
in  1813  in  Groton,  Conn.  He  sat  contin 
uously  in  the  state  house  of  representa 
tives  from  1846  till  1871,  and  then  served 
a  term  in  the  senate.  He  assisted  his 
father  in  the  preparation  of  the  New 
Arithmetic,  and  since  his  father's  death 
has  continued  the  publication  of  the  New 
England  Almanac. 

DABOLL,  NATHAN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  about  1750.  He  published  a 
treatise  on  arithmetic,  entitled  the  School 
master's  Assistant;  and  also  the  Practical 
Navigator.  In  1773  he  began  the  annual 
publication  of  the  Connecticut  Almanac. 
He  died  March  9,  1818,  in  Groton,  Conn. 

DABOLL,  NATHAN,  jurist,  state  legis 
lator,  author,  was  born  in  1782  in  Gro 
ton,  Conn.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
necticut  house  of  representatives  in  1832- 
33,  of  the  senate  in  1835-36,  and  judge  of 
probate  in  1843-45.  He  was  joint  author 
of  Daboll's  New  Arithmetic,  and  compiled 
the  New  England  Almanac  from  his  fath 
er's  death  in  1818  until  his  own  death.  He 
died  in  1863  in  Groton,  Conn. 

DABOLL,  SHERMAN,  soldier,  lecturer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  18,  1844,  in  Rensse- 
laer  county,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war  in  the  one  hundred  and  seventeenth 
New  York  volunteers.  In  1887  he  was 
appointed  quartermaster-general  of  Mich 
igan,  receiving  the  reappointment  two 
years  later;  and  in  1889  he  was  elected  as 
judge  of  the  twenty-ninth  judicial  cir 
cuit  of  Michigan. 

DA  COSTA,  JACOB  MANDES,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1833,  in 
the  West  Indies.  He  is  a  Philadelphia 
physician  connected  with  Jefferson  Med 
ical  college  since  1864,  and  a  specialist  in 
diseases  of  the  throat  and  lungs.  He  is 
the  author  of  Epithelial  Tumors  and 
Cancers  of  the  Skin;  The  Pathological 
Anatomy  of  Acute  Pneumonia;  The  Phy 
sicians  of  the  Last  Century;  Serous  Apo 
plexy;  Medical  Diagnosis;  Inhalation  in 
Treatment  of  Diseases  of  the  Respiratory 
Passages;  Strain  and  Over-Action  of  the 
Heart;  and  Harvey  and  his  Discovery. 

DADD,  GEORGE  H.,   surgeon,     author, 
was  born  in  1813  in  England.    He  is  a  vet 
erinary  surgeon   who  has   published   The 
Modern  Horse  Doctor;  Manual  of  Veterin 
ary  Science;  Anatomy  and  Physiology  of 
the  Horse;  and  The  American  Cattle  Doc 
tor. 

DADE,  FRANCIS  LANGHORN,  soldier, 
was  born  in  Virginia.     He  was  appointed 
third   lieutenant   in   the  twelfth   infantry 
in  1813;    became  first  lieutenant  in  1816, 
captain  in  1818,  and  bre\et  major  in  1828. 
He   was    killed    by   the    Indians   Dec.    28, 
1835,  near  Fort  King,  Fla. 

DAGG,  JOHN  LEADLEY,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
13,  1794,  in  Middleburg,  Va.  He  was  a 
baptist  clergyman  who  retired  from  the 
ministry  in  1833.  and  was  president  of 
Mercer  university,  Ga.,  in  1844-56.  He  was 
the  author  of  Manual  of  Theology;  Ele 
ments  of  Moral  Science;  Evidences  of 
Christianity;  and  English  Grammar.  He 
died  June  11,  1884,  in  Haynesville,  Ala. 


.  DAGGETT,  AARON  S.,  soldier,  was  born 
June  14,  1839,  in  Greene  Corner,  Maine. 
He  served  through  the  civil  war,  and  re 
ceived  the  rank  of  major  and  lieutenant- 
colonel. 

DAGGETT,  DAVID,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  31,  1764,  in  Attleborough,  Mass.  He 
was  state's  attorney  and  mayor  of  New 
Haven,  and  frequently  a  member  of  the 
legislature  and  member  of  the  council.  He 
served  as  a  presidential  elector  on  sev 
eral  occasions;  and  from  1813  to  1819  was 
a  senator  in  congress  from  Connecticut. 
From  1826  to  1832  he  was  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  state;  and  was  chief 
judge  from  1832  to  1834.  He  died  April 

12,  1851,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

DAGGETT,  NAPHTALI,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1727,  in  Attle 
borough,  Mass.  In  1756  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  divinity  at  Yale,  which  post  he 
retained  until  his  death.  He  published 
several  sermons  and  an  account  of  the 
famous  dark  day  in  New  England.  He  died 
Nov.  25,  1780,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

DAGGETT,  OLIVER  ELLSWORTH, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  14,  1810,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  assisted  in  compiling  a  book  of 
psalms  and  hymns,  and  left  a  small  vol 
ume  of  poems,  printed  posthumously.  He 
died  Sept.  1,  1880,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

DAGGETT,  ROLLIN  M.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1831,  in  Richville, 
N.  Y.  In  1862  he  removed  to  Virginia 
City,  Nev.;  was  elected  to  the  territorial 
council  in  1863;  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1876;  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Nevada  to  the  forty-sixth  con 
gress.  In  1882  he  was  appointed  United 
States  minister  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

DAHLGREN,  CHARLES  B.,  engineer, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1839,  in  Philadelphia. 
After  the  civil  war  he  was  engaged  in  en 
gineering;  wrote  several  papers,  and  a 
standard  technical  works  on  the  Historic 
Mines  of  Mexico.  He  was  also  a  captain 
of  the  United  States  navy. 

DAHLGREN,  JOHN  ADOLPH,  naval 
officer,  iinentor,  author,  was  born  Nov. 

13,  1809,    in    Philadelphia,   Pa.     He   was 
a    famous    United    States    naval      officer, 
made  admiral  in  1863,  who  invented  the 
cannon  bearing  his  name,  and  conducted 
the  siege  of  Charleston  during  the  civil 
war.     He  was  the  author  of  Thirty-Two 
Pounder  Practice  for  Rangers;  System  of 
Boat    Armament    in    the    United    States 
Navy;  Naval  Percussion  Locks  and  Prim 
ers;    Ordnance  Memoranda;     Shells     and 
Shell  Guns;    Memoir   of  Ulric   Dahlgren; 
and  Notes  on  Maritime  International  Law. 
He  died  in  1870. 

DAHLGREN,  MADELINE  VINTON. 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  Gallipolis, 
Ohio.  She  is  the  widow  of  Admiral  John 
A.  Dahlgren,  of  the 
United  States  navy, 
who  died  in  1870.  She 
accompanied  her 
husband  on  his 
cruise  in  the  South 
Pacific  ocean,  where 
he  was  stationed 
during  the  war  be 
tween  Chili  and  Pe 
ru,  as  commander  of 
the  United  States 
squadron  in  those 
waters.  She  is  the 
author  of  Idealities;  Thoughts  on  Female 
Suffrage;  South  Sea  Sketches;  Etiquette  of 
Social  Life  in  Washington;  Memoir  of  Ad 
miral  Dahlgren;  South  Mountain  Magic, 
a  Narrative;  A  Washington  Winter,  a  So 
ciety  Novel;  The  Lost  Name;  Divorced; 
and  Lights  and  Shadows  of  a  Life. 


276 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DAHLGREN,  ULRIC,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1842,  near  Philadelphia.  He  served  in 
the  civil  war  and  attained  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  He  died  March  4, 
1864. 

DAIL,  CHARLES  C.,  lawyer,  author,  po 
et,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1851,  in  Kentucky.  He 
was  left  an  orphan  when  an  infant,  and 
at  seven  years  of  age  became  a  newsboy 
and  bootblack  in  the  streets  of  Cincinnati. 
He  became  a  citizen  of  Kansas  at  matur 
ity,  and  has  ever  since  made  that  state 
hia  home,  and  he  has  attained  success  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Kansas  City.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  entitled  A  Hundred 
Poems;  and  Willmoth  the  Wanderer,  a 
work  of  fiction,  which  have  gained  for 
him  a  good  reputation  as  a  poet  and  nov 
elist. 

DAILY,  SAMUEL  G.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1819  in  Indiana.  He  was  elected 
a  delegate  from  the  territory  of  Nebraska 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and 
was  subsequently  appointed  a  deputy-col 
lector  in  New  Orleans.  He  died  Sept.  14, 
1865,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

DAKE,  ALVIN  CHAMBERLIN,  capital 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1849,  in  Allenburg, 
N.  Y.  In  1878  he  commenced  the  man 
ufacture  of  charcoal  at  Leadville;  and  in 
1883  moved  to  Dake,  Colo.,  where  he  con 
tinued  the  business,  and  was  one  of  the 
largest  charcoal  dealers  in  the  state.  The 
town  of  Dake  was  named  after  him. 

DAKE,  DUMONT  CHARLES,  physi 
cian,  was  born  June  11,  1838,  in  Nunda, 
N.  Y.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  prom 
inent  physician  of  New  York  city. 

DAKIN,  GEORGE  M.,  was  born  May  13. 
1827,  in  Oakland,  Ohio.  He  devoted  both 
time  and  means  to  the  establishment  and 
successful  continuance  of  the  Laporte  Li 
brary  and  Natural  History  association, 
over  which  he  presided  for  twelve  years. 

DAKIN,  THOMAS  SPENCER,  soldier, 
merchant,  was  born  in  1831  in  Orange 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  captain 
in  the  thirteenth  regiment,  Brooklyn,  in 
1862,  and  served  in  the  Virginia  cam 
paign  as  a  member  of  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Crook,  who  then  commanded  the  fifth 
brigade.  After  the  war  he  became  major- 
general  of  militia,  and  was  widely  known 
as  a  member  of  the  American  rifle  team. 
He  died  May  13,  1878,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

DALCHO,  FREDERICK,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1770  in  London,  Eng 
land.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Charleston,  rector  of  St.  Michael's  church 
there  in  1819-36,  but  in  earlier  life  suc 
cessively  a  physician  and  journalist.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Evidence  of  the 
Divinity  of  Our  Savior;  Historic  Account 
of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  South  Caro 
lina;  and  Ahiman  Rezon,  a  work  for  free 
masons.  He  died  In  1836. 

DALE,  ALPHEUS,  contractor,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1844,  in  Union 
county,  Pa.  In  1853  he  moved  to  Illinois; 
and  in  18G5  settled  In 
Minnesota  at  North 
Minneapolis  as  a  car 
penter  and  contrac 
tor.  He  has  served 
as  a  member  of  the 
Minnesota  house  of 
representatives  for 
two  terms,  in  1895 
and  in  1897.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part 
in  debates  In  the 
state  legislature  and 
done  much  toward 
the  carrying  out  of  all  progressive  meas- 


DALE,  JAMES  WILKINSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1812,  in 
Odessa,  Del.  He  was  a  clergyman  of 
eastern  Pennsylvania;  and  the  author  of 
The  Cup  and  the  Cross,  or  the  Baptism 
of  Calvary;  Classic  Baptism;  Judaic  Bap 
tism:  Johannic  Baptism;  and  Christie  and 
Patristic  Baptism. 

DALE,  RICHARD,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Nov.  6,  1756,  near  Norfolk,  Va.  In 
1775  he  rose  to  the  command  of  a  vessel. 
He  was  promoted  to 
a  captaincy  in  1794; 
and  in  1801  was  sent 
to  the  coast  of  Trip 
oli  with  a  squadron 
as  commodore.  Lord 
Nelson  observed 
Dale's  handling  of 
American  vessels, 
and  said  that  .  the 
Americans,  with 
such  men  might 
make  trouble  for 
England.  He  died 
Feb.  24,  1826,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in 
which  city  he  was  one  of  the  foremost 
citizens. 

DALE.  SAMUEL,  pioneer,  was  born  in 
1772  in  Rockbridge  county,  Va.  In  1816 
he  was  a  member  of  the  convention  to  di 
vide  the  Mississippi  territory,  and  served 
several  terms  in  the  Alabama  legislature. 
He  died  May  23,  1841,  in  Lauderdale  coun 
ty,  Miss. 

DALE,  WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  soldier, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1815. 
in  Gloucester,  Mass.  In  1863  he  was  raised 
to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  in  con 
nection  with  his  appointment  as  surgeon- 
general  of  Massachusetts. 

DALES,  JOHN  BLAKELY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1815  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  united  presbyterian  clergyman  of 
Philadelphia,  whose  principal  writings  in 
clude  Roman  Catholicism;  Dangers  and 
Duties  of  Young  Men;  and  The  Gospel 
Minister. 

DALEY,  ANDREW  J.,  lawyer,  was  born 
May  25,  1857,  in  Iowa  county,  Wis.  He 
attended  the  Monona  academy  and  Theo 
logical  seminary  of  Madison,  Wis.;  and 
has  attained  prominence  as  an  able  law 
yer  of  Luverne,  Minn. 

DALEY,  GEORGE  HENRY,  was  born 
Nov.  1,  1844,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  en 
tered  as  clerk  in  the  office  of  Devlin  and 
Company,  one  of  the  leading  clothing 
houses  in  New  York,  rising  to  a  partner 
ship  in  the  firm,  and  was  president  of  the 
corporation  issuing  the  Gazette  and  Senti 
nel  for  several  years.  He  is  a  director  in 
the  Staten  Island  Savings  bank. 

DALL,  MRS.  CAROLINE  WELLS 
[HEALEY],  author,  was  born  June  22, 
1822,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  is  a  Wash 
ington  writer  whose  early  efforts  were 
mainly  in  the  line  of  social  reforms, 
while  her  later  works  were  concerned 
with  general  literature.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  Essays  and  Sketches;  Historical 
Pictures  Retouched;  Life  of  Dr.  Marie 
Zakrzewski;  Woman's  Rights  under  the 
Law;  The  Romance  of  the  Association,  or 
One  Last  Glimpse  of  Charlotte  Templi' 
and  Eliza  Wharton;  What  We  Really 
Know  About  Shakespeare;  Woman's  Place 
in  History;  Life  of  Dr.  Anandabai  Joshee; 
College,  Market  and  Court;  Woman's 
Right  to  Labor;  Essays  on  Confucius; 
Patty  Gray's  Journey  to  the  Cotton  Is 
lands;  My  First  Holiday,  or  Letters  from 
Colorado;  and  Egypt's  Place  in  History, 
which  include  her  principal  works. 

DALL,  CHARLES  HENRY  APPLE- 
TON,  missionary,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
12,  1816.  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  uni- 


tarian  missionary  to  Calcutta;  and  the 
author  of  The  Temperance  Movement  in 
Modern  Times;  and  Theism  in  Questions 
and  Answers.  He  died  July  18,  1886. 

DALL,  WILLIAM  HEALEY,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1845,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  a  naturalist  of  distinc 
tion  who  has  been  connected  with  the 
United  States  coast  survey  and  the  geo 
logical  survey.  He  is  the  author  of  Alas 
ka  and  its  Resources;  Tribes  of  the  Ex 
treme  Northwest;  Scientific  Results  of  the 
Exploration  of  Alaska;  Coast  Pilot  of 
Alaska;  Pacific  Coast  Pilot;  and  Re 
ports  on  the  Mollusca  of  the  Blake  Ex 
pedition.  • 

DALLAS,  ALEXANDER  JAMES, 
statesman,  author,  was  born  June  21,  1759. 
on  the  Island  of  Jamaica.  He  was  a  noted 
statesman  who  was  secretary  of  state  in 
1796-1801,  and  secretary  of  the  treasury 
under  Madison.  He  was  the  author  of 
Features  of  Jay's  Treaty;  Speeches  on 
the  Trial  of  Blount;  Address  to  Consti 
tutional  Republicans;  and  Causes  and 
Character  of  the  Late  War.  He  died  Jan. 
14,  1817,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

DALLAS.  GEORGE  MIFFLIN,  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States,  was  born 
July  10,  1792,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  an  eminent  law 
yer,  and  assisted  his 
father  in  his  duties 
as  secretary  of  the 
treasury.  In  1825  he 
was  elected  mayor  of 
Philadelphia;  and  in 
1829-31  was  district 
attorney.  In  1831  he 
was  chosen  to  fill  a 
vacancy  in  the 
United  States  sen 
ate,  and  took  part  in 
the  debates  of  the 

stormy  session  of  1832-33.  He  declined  a 
re-election;  and  in  1837-39  was  ambassa 
dor  to  Russia.  In  1844  he  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  United  States.  Dur 
ing  1856-61  he  was  United  States  minister 
to  England.  He  was  the  author  of  a  Series 
of  Letters  from  London;  Eulogy  on  An 
drew  Jackson;  and  numerous  speeches 
and  addresses.  He  died  Dec.  31,  1864,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DALLAS,  ROBERT  FRANK,  artist,  was 
born  June  6,  1855,  in  Camillus,  N.  Y.  In 
1886  he  was  made  instructor  in  oil  paint 
ing  and  modeling  in  the  College  of  Fine 
Arts,  and  was  in  1893  elected  professor  of 
these  classes. 

DALLINGER,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
politician,  author,  was  born  in  1871  In 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  politician  of  Cam 
bridge;  and  the  author  of  Nominations 
for  Elective  Office  in  the  United  States. 

DALSHEIMER,  ALICE,  educator,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1845,  in  New 
Orleans,  La.  Her  writings  consist  of 
numerous  sketches,  short  stories  and  po 
ems,  principally  the  latter,  all  of  which 
appeared  in  the  daily  papers  of  New  Or 
leans  under  the  pseudonym  of  Salvia 
Dale.  She  died  Jan.  15,  1880.  in  New  Or 
leans,  La. 

DALTON,  EDWARD  BARRY,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1834,  in 
Lowell,  Mass.  In  1869  he  originated  the 
present  city  ambulance  system  for  the 
transportation  of  the  sick  and  injured. 
He  published  papers  on  The  Disorder 
known  as  Bronzed  Skin,  or  Disease  of  the 
Supra-renal  Capsules;  The  Metropolitan 
Board  of  Health  (1868);  and  Reports  of 
the  Sanitary  Superintendent  of  the  Metro 
politan  Board  of  Health  from  1866  to 
1869.  He  died  May  13,  1872,  in  Santa  Bar 
bara,  Cal. 


HKRRINOSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


277 


DALTON,  JOHN  CALL,  educator,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1825,  in 
Chelmsford,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician 
of  note  who  was  a  professor  in  various 
medical  colleges.  He  was  the  author  of 
Observations  on  Trichina  Spiralis;  The 
Experimental  Method  in  Medical  Science; 
Doctrines  of  the  Circulation;  Topograph 
ical  Anatomy  of  the  Brain;  History  of  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in 
New  York  city;  Treatise  on  Human 
Physiology;  and  Treatise  on  Physiology 
and  Hygiene.  He  died  in  1889. 

DALTON,  TRISTAM,  state  legislator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  May, 
1743,  in  Newbury,  Mass.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative,  speaker  of  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives,  and  a  senator  in  the  legis 
lature  of  Massachusetts;  and  became  a 
senator  of  the  United  States  in  the  first 
congress  after  the  adoption  of  the  fed 
eral  constitution.  He  died  May  30,  1817. 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

DALY,  AUGUSTIN,  dramatist,  theat 
rical  manager,  was  born  July  20,  1838,  In 
Plymouth,  N.  C.  He  has  opened  to  the 
American  stage  the  rich  field  of  German 
farcical  comedy.  His  productions  of  Tam 
ing  the  Shrew  and  As  You  Like  It  have 
been  accepted  in  England  as  the  finest  of 
this  generation. 

DALY,  CHARLES  PATRICK,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1816,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  prominent  jurist  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  His 
torical  Sketch  of  the  Judicial  Tribunals  of 
New  York,  1823-46;  Reports  of  Cases  in 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  City  and  County 
of  New  York;  First  Settlement  of  Jews 
in  North  America;  and  What  we  Knew 
of  Maps  and  Map  Drawing  before  Mer- 
cator. 

DALY,  ISAAC  SHAW,  lawyer,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1848,  in 
Livermore,  Maine.  He  attended  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Maine, 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1878  at 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He 
is  the  author  of  an 
ode  entitled  All  Hail 
Our  Home,  America; 
and  several  songs 
and  military  music 
that  is  largely  played 
by  the  United  States 
army  bands.  In  1895 
he  was  awarded  a 
diploma  by  the  Ca 
nadian  northwest  territorial  exhibition 
for  music  to  the  song.  When  You  Come 
Back  Again.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Idaho. 

DALY,  JOHN  AUGUSTIN,  dramatist, 
author,  was  born  in  1838  in  North  Caro 
lina.  He  is  a  dramatist  and  theatrical 
manager  of  New  York  city  who,  besides 
adapting  many  plays  from  the  German 
and  French,  has  written  Divorce;  Pique; 
Horizon;  Under  the  Gaslight,  and  other 
plays,  as  well  as  Peg  Woffiington,  a 
Tribute  to  the  Actress  and  the  Woman. 

DALY,  JOHN  J.,  mine  owner,  was  born 
Oct.  18,  1853,  in  Morris,  111.  He  is  pres 
ident  and  principal  owner  of  the  Daly 
West  Mining  company,  which  operates 
one  of  the  greatest  mines  of  the  state. 
He  is  also  president  of  the  First  National 
bank  of  Park  City,  Utah. 

DALY,  JOSEPH  F.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Dec.  3,  1840,  in  Plymouth.  In  1870 
he  was  elected  judge  of  the  court  of  com 
mon  pleas  of  New  York  city,  and  was  re- 
elected  again  in  1884.  He  was  chosen  by 
his  associates  chief  judge  of  the  court  In 
1890.  to  serve  until  1899. 


DALY,  WILLIAM  H.,  journalist,  was 
born  June  28,  1870,  in  Tonawanda,  N.  Y. 
He  graduated  from  the  Wesleyan  univer 
sity  of  Lincoln,  Neb.;  and  is  now  the  ed 
itor  and  owner  of  The  Graphic  of  Lem- 
ley,  Neb. 

DALZELL,  JAMES,  soldier.  He  was  a 
companion  of  Israel  Putnam  in  some  of 
the  most  adventurous  passages  of  that 
rough  veteran's  life,  and  afterward  an 
aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  Jeffrey  Amherst.  He 
died  July  30,  1763,  near  Detroit,  Mich. 

DALZELL,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  April  19,  1845,  in  New  York  city. 
For  years  he  was  one  of  the  attorneys  for 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  company  and 
for  all  its  western  lines;  and  was  also  at 
torney  for  many  corporations  in  Alle 
gheny  county.  He  never  held  any  office 
until  he  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  con 
gress;  and  was  elected  to  'the  fifty-first, 
fifty-second,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

DALZELL,  ROBERT  M.,  inventor,  was 
born  in  1793,  near  Belfast,  Ireland.  He 
was  a  millwright,  unusually  skilful  and 
ingenious,  and  many  of  the  flour  mills 
in  the  city  of  Rochester  were  built  under 
his  supervision.  He  invented  and  intro 
duced  the  elevator  system  in  handling  and 
stowing  grain,  which  is  now  in  general 
use.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1873,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y. 

DAME,  MRS.  ABBIE  H..  poet,  was  born 
July  10,  1847,  in  Lowell,  Mass.  She  is  the 
author  of  many  poems,  one  of  the  pub 
lic  exercises  of  New  Hampshire  day  at  the 
New  Orleans  exposition,  and  many  others 
for  reunions. 

DAME,  HARRIET  PATIENCE,  nurse, 
was  born  Jan.  5,  1815,  in  Barnstead,  N.  H. 
She  joined  the  second  New  Hampshire 
regiment  as  hospital  matron  in  June,  1861, 
and  remained  with  it  until  it  was  mus 
tered  out  in  December.  1865.  In  August, 
1867,  she  was  appointed  to  a  clerkship  in 
the  treasury  department,  where  she  still 
remains. 

DAMEN,  ARNOLD,  clergyman,  was  born 
about  1800  in  Holland.  In  1857  he  erect 
ed  a  Jesuit  establishment  in  Chicago;  he 
also  built  the  great  church  of  the  Holy 
Trinity,  and  founded  the  college  of  St. 
Ignatius  in  the  same  city. 

DAMON,  HOWARD  FRANKLIN,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  in  1833  in  Scit- 
uate.  Mass.  He  was  a  hospital  physician 
of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Leucocy- 
thasmia;  Neurosis  of  the  Skin;  and  Gen 
eral  Remarks  on  the  Frequency  of  Skin 
Diseases.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1884,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

DAMON,  JOHN  ADAMS,  merchant, 
state  legislator,  was  born  June  4,  1850, 
in  Madison,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful 
merchant  of  Weidman,  Mich.;  and  during 
1887-89  served  with  distinction  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Michigan  state  legislature. 

DAMRELL,  WILLIAM  S.,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1809,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
thirty-fourth  and  to  the  thirty-fifth  con 
gresses.  He  died  May  17,  1860,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

DAMROSCH,  LEOPOLD,  musician,  was 
born  Oct.  22,  1832,  in  Prussia.  In  1871 
he  came  to  New  York  city,  where  he  was 
director  of  a  successful  orchestra.  He 
was  prominent  in  the  musical  affairs  of 
America.  He  died  Feb.  15,  1885,  in  New 
York  city. 

DAMROSCH,  WALTER  J.,  musician, 
was  born  Jan.  30,  1862,  in  Prussia.  He 
has  attained  a  national  reputation  as  a 
musician;  has  devoted  himself  success 


fully  to  the  production  of  the  works  of 
Wagner;  and  is  in  much  demand  as  a 
lecturer  on  musical  themes. 

DANA,  ALEXANDER  HAMILTON, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1807  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  York 
state;  and  the  author  of  Ethical  and  Phy 
siological  Inquiries;  Inductive  Inquiries  in 
Physiology;  Ethics  and  Ethnology;,  and 
Enigmas  of  Life,  Death  and  the  Future 
State.  He  died  in  1887. 

DANA,  AMASA,  congressman.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assem 
bly  in  1828  and  1829;  and  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1839  to  1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1845. 

DANA,  CHARLES  ANDERSON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1819,  in 
Hinsdale,  N.  H.  He  was  a  distinguished 
journalist  of  New  York  city.  He  was  as 
sistant  secretary  of  war  in  1863-65,  and 
from  1868  until  his  death  was  editor  of  the 
New  York  Sun.  With  J.  G.  Wilson  he  pre 
pared  a  Life  of  Gen.  Grant,  and  was  co- 
editor  with  George  Ripley  of  the  Ameri 
can  Cyclopaedia.  The  Household  Book  of 
Poetry  was  edited  by  him.  He  died  in 
1897. 

DANA,  CHARLES  LOUIS,  neurologist, 
author,  was  born  in  1852  in  Vermont.  He 
is  a  physician  of  note  as  a  neurologist, 
who  has  published  a  Text-Book  on  Ner 
vous  Diseases. 

DANA,  DANIEL,  fourth  president  of 
Dartmouth  college.  He  was  inaugurated 
president  in  1820,  and  died  Aug.  26,  1859. 
He  was  an  eminent  clergyman,  and  an  ex 
cellent  theologian  and  scholar. 

DANA,  EDMUND  TROWBRIDGE,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1818,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He  devoted  special  at 
tention  to  Roman  civil  law,  and  to  history 
and  philosophy  in  their  bearings  upon 
law.  He  died  May  18,  1869,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

DANA,  EDWARD  SALISBURY,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
16,  1849,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  has 
been  assistant  professor  of  natural  phi 
losophy  at  Yale  university  since  1879,  and 
curator  of  the  mineral  cabinet  in  the 
Peabody  museum  there.  Since  1875  he  has 
been  one  of  the  editors  of  Silliman's 
Journal.  He  is  the  author  of  Text-Book 
of  Mineralogy;  Text-Book  of  Elementary 
Mechanics;  and  Appendix  II.  and  Appen 
dix  III.  of  Dana's  System  of  Mineralogy. 

DANA,  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  13,  1743,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  continental 
congress  from  1776  to  1779  and  in  1784; 
signed  the  articles  of  confederation;  was 
secretary  of  legation  at  Paris  under  John 
Adams;  and  was  appointed  minister  to 
Russia,  but  not  officially  received.  He 
was  chief  justice  of  the  state  from  1792  to 
1806,  when  he  resigned.  In  1797  he  was 
appointed  minister  to  France.  His  father 
was  Richard  A.  Dana,  the  poet.  He  died 
April  25,  1811,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

DANA,  ISRAEL  THORNDIKE,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  June  6,  1827,  in 
Marblehead,  Mass.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Portland  School  of  Medi 
cal  Instruction.  He  became  one  of  the 
foremost  physicians  of  New  England;  and 
was  the  author  of  a  number  of  medical 
works. 

DANA,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  May  11,  1735,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 
He  was  a  famous  congregational  clergy 
man  of  New  Haven;  who  wrote  An  Ex 
amination  of  Edwards  on  the  Will.  He 
died  Aug.  18,  1812,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 


278 


HKRRINQ8HAW8    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DANA,  JAMES  DWIGHT,  mineralogist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1813,  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  celebrated  geologist, 

_ and       professor      at 

Yale  university  from 
1850.  He  was  the 
author  of  System  of 
Mineralogy;  Manual 
of  Mineralogy;  Text- 
Book  of  Geology, 
Corals  and  Coral  Is 
lands;  and  The  Geol 
ogical  Story  Briefly 
Told.  In  1854  he  was 
president  of  the 
American  Associa 
tion  for  the  A  d  - 
vancement  of  Science.  He  died  in  1895. 
DANA,  JAMES  FREEMAN,  chemist, 

physician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1793, 
in  Amherst,  N.  H.  He  was  a  chemist 
and  physician,  and  the  first  professor  of 
chemistry  at  Dartmouth  college.  He  is 
the  author  of  Epitome  of  Chemical  Philo 
sophy,  and  Outlines  of  the  Mineralogy 
and  Geology  of  Boston  and  its  Vicinity. 
He  died  April  14,  1827,  in  New  York  city. 

DANA,  JOHN  C.,  librarian,  was  born 
Aug.  19,  1856,  in  Woodstock,  Vt.  In  1889 
he  was  appointed  librarian  of  the  Denver 
public  library  of  Denver,  Colo.,  which  po 
sition  he  now  fills. 

DANA.  JOHN  WINCHESTER,  govern 
or,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1808,  in  Fryebtirg, 
Maine.  He  was  governor  of  Maine  from 
1847  to  1850;  and  went  to  South  Ameri 
ca  to  reside  in  1861.  He  died  Dec.  22,  1867, 
in  New  Granada,  South  America. 

DANA,  JUDAH,  lawyer,  jurist.  United 
States  senator,  governor,  was  born  April 
25,  1772,  In  Pomfret,  Conn.  He  was  judge 
of  probate  for  twenty  years;  judge  of  the 
common  pleas  for  nine  years;  one  of  the 
committee  which  drafted  the  constitution 
of  Maine;  and  a  member  of  the  executive 
council  of  the  state  in  1834.  By  appoint 
ment  of  the  governor  he  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Maine  during  the  years 
1836  and  1837.  He  died  Dec.  27.  1845, 
in  Fryeburg,  Maine. 

DANA,  MRS.  KATHARINE,  author, 
was  born  in  1835  in  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 
She  was  a  writer  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  Our  Phil  and  Other  Stories. 
She  died  in  1886. 

DANA,  NAPOLEON  JACKSON  TE- 
CUMSEH,  soldier,  was  born  April  15,  1822, 
in  Eastport,  Maine.  Here  is  a  man  who 
was  discovered  after  the  battle  of  Cerro 
Gordo  lying  on  the  field,  and  men  were 
digging  his  grave,  when  a  fellow-officer 
examined  him  and  discovered  he  was 
breathing.  He  was  also  carried  off  the 
field  of  Antietam  for  dead,  but  recovered 
and  fought  again.  He  is  a  resident  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  still  hale  and  hearty. 

DANA,  RICHARD,  jurist,  was  born 
July  7,  1699,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was 
prominent  in  the  anti-revolutionary 
movement;  and  was  one  of  the  associ 
ated  Sons  of  Liberty.  He  died  May  17, 
1772. 

DANA,  RICHARD  HENRY,  critic,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  15,  1787,  in  Cambridge. 
Mass.  He  was  a  poet  and  critic  who  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  North  Ameri 
can  Re\iew  in  1815.  As  a  critic  his  Lec 
tures  on  Shakespeare  represent  him  fair 
ly,  and  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  he 
is  one  of  the  earliest  in  America  to  ap 
preciate  the  genius  of  Wordsworth.  The 
Idle  Man,  a  publication  begun  in  1821. 
and  extending  to  six  numbers,  includes 
his  two  novels,  Tom  Thornton;  Paul  Fel- 
ton.  His  later  publications  include  The 
Buccaneer,  and  Other  Poems;  Poem.s 
and  Prose  Writings.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1879. 


DANA,  RICHARD  HENRY,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1815,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  noted  lawyer  of 
Boston,  best  known  in  literature  by  the 
famous  Two  Years  before  the  Mast,  a  nar 
rative  of  personal  adventure,  which  first 
appeared  in  1840,  and  was  re-issued,  en 
larged,  in  1869.  His  other  works  include 
The  Seaman's  Friend,  known  in  England 
as  The  Seaman's  Manual;  Letters  on  Ital 
ian  Unity;  To  Cuba  and  Back;  Letters  on 
the  Somers  Mutiny;  Life  of  Major  Vin- 
ton;  and  Ene.my  Property  and  Enemy 
Territory.  He  died  Jan.  7,  1882,  in  Rome, 
Italy. 

DANA,  RICHARD  HENRY,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1851,  in  Cambridge. 
Mass.  While  continuing  the  practice  of 
law,  he  has  been  a  regular  contributor  to 
the  Civil  Service  Record,  besides  writing 
occasionally  for  the  press  on  questions  of 
political  reform. 

DANA,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  14, 
1739,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  In  1787  he  was 
made  judge  of  probate  for  Hillsborough 
county;  and  in  1793  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Hampshire  state  senate. 
He  died  April  1,  1798,  in  Amherst,  N.  H. 

DANA,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  June  26, 
1767,  in  Groton,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  senate,  and  its  pres 
ident  for  eight  years,  and  served  in  con 
gress  in  1814-15.  Subsequently  he  received 
the  appointment  of  chief  justice  of  the  cir 
cuit  court  of  common  pleas.  He  died  Nov. 
20,  1825.  in  Charlestown.  Mass. 

DANA,  SAMUEL  LUTHER,  chemist, 
author,  was  born  July  11,  1795,  in  Am 
herst,  N.  H.  He  was  a  noted  chemist  of 
Lowell,  who  made  many  improvements  in 
cotton  printing,  and  was  one  of  the  fore 
most  agricultural  writers  of  his  time.  He 
was  the  author  of  Chemical  Changes  in 
the  Manufacture  of  Sulphuric  Acid; 
Muck  Mineral  for  Manures;  and  Essay  on 
Manures.  He  died  March  11,  1868,  in 
Lowell,  Mass. 

DANA,  SAMUEL  WHITTLESEY,  Unit 
ed  States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1760, 
in  Wallingford,  Conn.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1797  to  1810; 
and  a  senator  in  congress  from  Connecti 
cut  from  1810  to  1821.  For  many  years 
he  was  mayor  of  Middletown.  Conn.  He 
died  July  21.  1830,  in  Middletown,  Conn. 

DANA,  WILLIAM  COOMBS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1810  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
of  Charlestown;  and  the  author  of  Hymns 
for  Public  Worship;  A  Transatlantic 
Tour;  and  Life  of  Samuel  Dana.  He  died 
in  1873. 

DANBR1DGE,  MRS.  DANSKE,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1858.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  several  \olumes  of  poems,  the 
most  notable  of  which  is  entitled  Joy  and 
Other  Poems. 

DANDY,  GEORGE  B.,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  11,  1830,  in  Georgia.  He  served  in 
the  civil  war,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general  in  the  United  States 
army.  In  1892  he  took  charge  of  the  gen 
eral  depot  of  the  quartermaster's  depart 
ment  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

DANE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept. 
22,  1835,  in  Westford,  Mass.  He  is  coun 
sel  for  a  large  number  of  extensive  cor 
porations,  some  of  which  he  has  served 
continuously  and  successfully  for  a  quar 
ter  of  a  century.  He  is  a  director  in  sev 
en  corporations  and  president  of  three. 

DANE,  JOSEPH,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1778,  in  Bev 
erly.  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 


constitutional  convention  of  1816  and 
1819;  and  in  1820  was  elected  to  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  From  1821  to  1823 
he  represented  the  York  district  of  Maine 
in  congress.  He  was  subsequently  in  the 
legislature  as  a  member  of  the  house  for 
six  years;  and  was  a  member  of  the  sen 
ate  in  1829.  He  died  May  1.  1858,  in  Ken 
tucky. 

DANE,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1752,  in  Ipswi<  h, 
Mass.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  continental  congress  from  1785 
to  1788;  was  the  framer  of  the  celebrated 
ordinance  passed  by  congress  in  1787; 
and  though  devoted  to  the  practice  of 
law,  found  time  to  prepare  a  Digest  of 
American  Law  in  nine  volumes.  He  died 
Feb.  15,  1834,  in  Beverly,  Mass. 

DANEHY,  MRS.  MAGGIE  MAY,  poet, 
was  born  July  5,  1862,  in  Fairfield,  Ohio. 
Her  poems  have  appeared  in  the  Cincin 
nati  and  Lancaster  papers. 

DANENHOWER.  JOHN  WILSON,  ex 
plorer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1849,  In 
Chicago,  111.  He  was  an  Arctic  explorer 
who  was  second  in  command  of  the  De 
Long  expedition  in  1879,  and  published 
The  Narrative  of  the  Jeannette,  1882.  He 
died  in  1887. 

DANES,  RUFUS  R.,  soldier,  legislator, 
author,  was  born  July  4,  1838,  in  Malta, 
Ohio.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  and 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general  for  meri 
torious  service.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  forty-seventh  congress,  and  in 
troduced  and  secured  the  passage  of  the 
law  establishing  diplomatic  relations  with 
Persia.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  Service  with  the  Sixth  Wisconsin 
Volunteers. 

DANFORD,  LORENZO,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1829,  in 
Belmont  county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Belmont  county 
in  1857  and  1859.  He  entered  the  army; 
served  as  private,  lieutenant,  and  captain 
until  1864,  when  he  resigned  on  account 
of  sickness.  He  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1864;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third  and  forty-fourth  congresses.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth,  fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

DANFORTH,  CHARLES,  inventor,  was 
born  about  1797  in  Massachusetts.  He  in 
vented  in  1824  a  counter-twister,  spinning- 
speeder,  and  a  throstle-frame.  He  died 
March  22,  1876,  in  Paterson,  N.  J. 

DANFORTH,  ELLIOT,  financier,  bank 
president,  was  born  March  6,  1850,  in 
Middleburgh,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed 
deputy  state  treasurer,  a  position  which 
he  occupied  for  four  years;  and  in  1889 
was  elected  state  treasurer.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  First  National  bank  of  Bain- 
bridge,  N.  Y. 

DANFORTH,  FREDERICK  LYMAN. 
railroad  president,  was  born  June  17,  1833, 
in  Middletown,  Conn.  In  1883  he  became 
president  of  the  Buffalo  Creek  railroad. 

DANFORTH,  GEORGE  FRANKLIN, 
lawyer,  Jurist,  was  born  July  5,  1819,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  1876  he  was  the  repub 
lican  candidate  for  judge  of  the  court  of 
appeals  of  the  state  of  New  York,  but 
was  defeated  by  Robert  Earl.  Two  years 
later  he  was  elected,  and  took  his  seat 
on  the  bench  Jan.  1,  1879. 

DANFORTH,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1660,  in  Roxbury. 
Mass.  He  was  a  noted  congregational 
clergyman  of  Dorchester,  Mass.,  who  pub 
lished  many  single  sermons  and  occasion 
al  poems.  He  died  May  26,  1730,  in  Dor 
Chester,  Mass. 


DANFORTH,  JOSHUA  NOBLE   cleritv 
DANPORTH.     MOSELEY    ISAAC 


»«H».NOBHAWB    KNCVCLOPEDIA     OT    AMKHICAN    BIOGRAPHY 


k  JOSEPH  A.,  physician,  spe- 
is  born  Dec.  27,  1866,  in  Fill- 
more,  ind.  He  attended  the  De  Pauw 
university.  Central  Normal 


Ne* 

an7  In  iR?p 
and  6 


'          ' 

°f  the  Bunders  of  the 
associf»tion  in  1825: 
the  National  Academy  of 


,  »ran 

of  Roxbury,  Mass,  in  1650-74- 
and  was  the  author  of  An  Astronomical 
Description  of  the  Comet  of  1664  An 
Election  Sermon;  and  The  Cry  of  Sodom 

™ 


Surgeons   H    „          f6  °f   Physicians   an-l 
Slto  ,3S  attained  Prominence  as  a 

specialist     in  diseases  of     the    eve 
nose    throat  and  lungs;   and  fs  amember 
of  the  Academy  of    Science     He  has  filled 
many    positions   of   honor    in    Davenport 

raTiife"-'   iS   mediCal  examiner   fo"  *°v: 
life  insurance  companies 

offlDctVIEL'  ™SEPHUS.  Journalist,  public 
>fficial,  was  born  May  18,  1862,  in  Wash 
ington,  N.  C.  He  has  been  public  pHnter 
of  the  state  of  North  Carolina;  and  is  a 
Present  a  member  of  the  national  demo- 
Carn I  nn  iJ  co™«'ttee  from  North 

rlPrk     f "it,        '  S6Vei'aI  years  he  was  chief 
Son"'  ^he 'nteri0/  Apartment  at  Wash 
er  '         C';    and  1S  now  the  editor  of 
the  News  and  Observer  of  Raleigh,  N    C 
DANIEL,    JUNIUS,    soldier     was    born 
June  27,  1828,  in  Halifax  county   N   C     He 
served    through    the    civil    war    and    re- 

12elT864    6  TV  C0l0ne1'     He  flle"    Mav 
'864,  in  Spottsylvania    Pa 

DANIEL,     PETER     VYVIAN      lawyer 
St  '™ 


DANIELS,    CHARLES,    lawyer     jurist 
congressman,   was   born   in   1826    in   New 

>, i'*R?e  WaS  elected  to  the'  supreme 

t  in  1863;    was  appointed  by  Governor 

Seymour   to  hold  the  office  of  justice  o 

hat  court  till  January  1,  1864,  when  the 

rm  to  which  he  had  been  elected  com- 

and   was    twice   re-elected    and 

held  the  office  till  the  last  of  Decembe" 

91,  a  period  of  upward  of  twenty-eight 

years      He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 

and  fkty-fourth  congresses  as   a  renuhli 

lC8a96.  an<1   deC'inetl    l°   he  a  ^ndidate   in 

DANIELS,  MRS.  CORA  LINN,  author 
was  born  in  1852,  in  Massachusetts  She 
aSuthor°of  °f  Franklin'  Mass-:  and  the 

DANIELS,     PRANCES    B.,     poet      was 

born  in  Maine.    She  is  a  poet  of  note  in 

ornia.    Her  poems  have  received  ex- 

r1:!^"^0"  in  ^e  .eading 


great  learning  and  wide  influence.     He  i« 
the  author  of   Eulogy  on  Thomas  Leon! 

Psalms      ™ay  Concernins  the  Singing  of 

The    manuscript   of  his   Indian 

Dictionary    is    now    the    property    of    the 

Massachusetts  Historical  society    He  died 

DANIEL.  HENRY,  soldier,  lawyer   con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1793   in  Virginia 
He  was   a   volunteer  in  the  war  of  181  •> 
ith  rank  of  captain;   was  a  state  repre- 
fS?oVU!   fl°m   M°ntgomery     county     in 
12,  1819  and  1826;   and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from     Kentucky    from 
1827  to  1833.     He  died  Oct.  5,  1873    In  Mt 
Sterling,  Ky. 

DANIEL,  JOHN  MONCURE,  journalist 
author,  was  born  Oct.  24.  1825  in  Staf 
ford  county,  Va.  He  was  a  noted  Vir 
ginia  journalist  who  edited  The  Richmond 
Examiner,  and  was  minister  to  Italy  in 
1853-60.  He  died  March  30,  1865. 

DANIEL,  JOHN  REEVES  JONES,  law 
yer,   congressman,    was    born  about   1802 
m   Halifax   county.    N.   C.    He   served   for 
several    years   in    the    general    assembly; 
was  elected  attorney-general  of  the  state- 
and     was    a    representative    in    congress 
from   North   Carolina   from    1841    to   1853. 
He  removed  to  Louisiana,  where  he  died. 
DANIEL,    JOHN    WARWICK,    soldier 
lawyer.   United   States   senator,  congress 
man,   was   born  Sept.   5,   1842,   in   Lynch- 
burg,  Va.  He  entered 
the  confederate  army 
in    1861.   and   served 
throughout  the  civil 
war,   rising     to     the 
rank   of  major     and 
adjutant-general.     In 
1875   he  was   elected 
a  state  senator,  and 
was      re-elected      in 
1879.     In  1881  he  re 
signed    the   office    of 
state  senator  to  ac 
cept   the  nomination 

01  the  democratic  party  for  governor  of 
Virginia;  but  was  defeated  at  the  elec 
tion.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Virginia  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress.  In  1887  he  took  his  seat  as  a 
member  of  the  United  States  senate,  and 
•e-elected  for  term  ending  in  1899.  He  is 
the  author  of  Attachments  Under  the 
Code  of  Virginia;  and  Negotiable  Instni- 
ments. 


at    a.-       j u     •«!"'!    ^*. 

Stafford  county,   Va.     He   was  a 
of  the  state   legislature   in   1809 
in  1812  was  a   member  of  the 
'oil,   and   served   as   such   until 
frequently  served  as  lieutenant- 

the    United    Stetw   district  court'fcff 

Virginia;  and  in  1840  was  appointed  a  jus- 
f  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States.     He  died   June  30    1860    in   Rich 
mond,  Va. 

i.  RA  LE'GH  TRAVERS,  lawyer 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Oct  15  1805 
in  Stafford  county,  Va.  For  several'  years' 
he  was  commonwealth  attorney  for  Hen- 
•  nco  county  in  which  Richmond  is  situat 
ed;  and  was  repeatedly  elected  to  repre 
sent  that  city  in  the  state  legislature.  In 
Virinia  ^'^  el-ected  attorney-general  of 
mond,  Va. 

.  D1^™IEL'  WILLIAM,  jurist,  was  born 
m  1770,  m  Cumberland  county  Va  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  house  of 
delegates,  and  gained  reputation  as  an 
•QUat0ruby  his  defence  of  the  resolutions  of 
98.  He  became  circuit  judge  and  ex- 
officio  member  of  the  old  general  court 
of  Virginia.  He  died  Nov.  20  1839  in 
Lynchburg,  Va. 

DANIEL,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1806  in  Win' 
Chester,  Va.  He  was  elected  to 'the  Vir 
ginia  house  of  delegates  before  he  was 
of  age.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  appeals  of  Virginia  from  1847  to 
burg.VHaed  '  March  28,  1873,  in  Lynch- 

_  DANIEL,  WILLIAM,  candidate  for  the 
vice-presidency  of  the  United  States  was 
born  Jan.  24,  1826,  in  Somerset  county 
Md.  He  attained  prominence  as  a  states 
man  of  Maryland. 

DANIEL,  WILLIAM  T..  educator  law 
yer,  was  born  Aug.  17.  1859,  in  Butler 
county,  Ala.  Ten  years  of  his  youth  were 
spent  in  Florida;  and  in  1875  he  moved 
to  Texas.  After  receiving  his  education 
he  spent  several  years  in  educational 
work;  and  since  1887  has  been  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law  at  -Dublin,  Texas. 

DAN1ELL.  WARREN  FISHER,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  June  26 
1826,  in  Newton  Lower  Falls,  Mass  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  house  of  rep 
resentatives  and  of  the  state  senate-  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as 
a  democrat. 


hon,)'  "  author-  P°et.   was 

bom  ,n  Wisconsin.  She  is  the  author  of 
a  novel  entitled  Under  the  Ban  and  i 
volume  of  Temperance  Songs. 

DANIELS,  THURSTON,  journalist,  lieu- 
*£S         governor,    was     born    June    10, 
1858,  in  Yamhill  county,  Ore.     In  1874  he 
moved    to    Vancouver,    Wash       He    there 
Jearned    the   printing   trade,   and   is   now 
proprietor     of    the    Vancouver    Regist^ 
which    he    established    in    1881      He    has 
served  with  distinction  as  lieutenant  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  of  Washington    and  is 
a  prominent  leader  in  the  people's  party 
DANIELS,  WILLIAM  HAVEN    clergy 
man    author,   was  born   May  18,  'l836,  in 
Franklin,  Mass.    He  is  a  methodist  clergy 
man,   prominent   as    an    evangelist;     and 
the  author  of  D.  L.  Moody  and  his  Work- 
That   Boy,   who  Shall   Have  Him?-     The 
Temperance    Reform    and    its    Great    Re 
formers;     Moody,  his  Words,   Work,   and 
Workers;     Illustrated    History  of  Metho- 
lism    ,n    the    United    States;     Graduated 
with    Honor;     Memorials   of   Gilbert   Ha- 

™n:i  a*nfLSh°rt    History    of   ^e   People 
called  Methodists. 

DANIELSON,  TIMOTHY,  patriot  was 
born  in  1733,  in  Brimfield,  Mass  His 
chief  service  was  in  the  legislature  of 
which  he  continued  a  member  several 
ears.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention  in  1779  and 
afterward  of  the  state  senate  and  execu 
tive  council;  and  chief  justice  of  Hamp 
shire  county.  He  died  Sept.  19  1791  jn 
Brimfield,  Mass. 

DANKS,  HART  PEASE,  musician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1834,  in  New  Haven 
Conn.  His  first  musical  composition  was 
inserted  in  Bradbury's  Jubilee,  under  the 
name  of  Lake  Street,  and  is  well  known. 
In  1866  his  first  song,  The  Old  Lane,  was 
published  in  Chicago,  since  which  time 
he  has  issued  several  hundred  Two  of 
them,  Silver  Threads  among  the  Gold 
and  Don't  be  Angry  with  Me,  Darling  He 
resides  in  New  York  city. 

DANNELLY,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  OTIS 
artist,  poet,  was  born  June  13  1838  in 
Monticello,  Ga.  In  1855  she  graduated 
from  the  Madison  Female  college  and 
iubsequently  spent  a  year  in  New  York 
Mty  receiving  instruction  in  oil  painting 
bhe  was  the  widow  of  P.  O.  Dannelly  at 
one  time  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States 
army.  She  was  the  author  of  Cactus  or 
Thorns  and  Blossom;  and  Wayside  Flow 
ers.  She  died  in  1896. 

DANNER,  JOEL  B.,  congressman  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1850  to' 1851. 


280 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DA  PONTE,  LORENZO,  dramatist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  10,  1749,  in  Venice, 
Italy.  He  was  an  Italian  dramatist  who 
furnished  libretti  for  Mozart's  operas,  Don 
Giovanni  and  Nozze  di  Figaro.  He  came 
to  America  in  1805,  and  after  1828  was 
professor  of  Italian  in  Columbia  college. 
He  published  his  own  Life;  and  History 
of  the  Florentine  Republic  and  the  Medi 
ci.  He  died  Aug.  17.  1838,  in  New  York 
city. 

DAPPER,  EMIL  A.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  Feb.  21,  1844,  in  New  York  city. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
(  schools  of  New  York 
•  city.  In- 1861  he  en- 
B  listed  in  company  B, 
f  fifty-ninth  regiment 
i  New  York  volunteer 
i  infantry  as  a  pri- 
E  vate;  and  was  hon- 
E  orably  discharged  in 
I  1865  as  captain  of 
company  B  of  the 
same  regiment.  As 
the  senior  officer  in 
his  regiment  present 
for  duty,  he  com 
manded  the  regiment  at  the  time  of  Lee's 
surrender.  In  1871  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  where  he 
has  ever  since  practiced  his  profession 
with  success.  He  is  a  prominent  member 
of  the  G.  A.  R.;  and  takes  an  active  part 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and 
state. 

DARBY,  EZRA,  congressman.     He  was 
a   representative   in   congress    from   New 
Jersey  from  1804  to  1808.     He  died  Jan 
28,  1808. 

DARBY,  JOHN,  educator,  author  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1804,  in  North  Adams,  Mass. 
He  was  an  educator  who  was  connected 
with  various  colleges  north  and  south. 
Manual  of  Botany;  The  Botany  of  the 
Southern  States;  and  Chemistry,  are  some 
of  his  publications.  He  died  Sept  18  1877 
in  New  York  city. 

DARBY,  JOHN  FLETCHER,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec 
10,  1803,  in  Person  county,  N.  0.  He  was 
four  times  chosen  mayor  of  the  city  of 
St.  Louis,  and  once  a  member  of  the  state 
senate.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1851  to  1853  from  Missouri. 

DARBY,  WILLIAM,  geographer,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  in  1775,  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  a  geographer  who  pub 
lished  Geographical  Dictionary  of  Louis 
iana;  Plan  of  Pittsburg  and  Adjacent 
Country;  Emigrant's  Guide  to  the  West 
ern  Country;  Tour  from  New  York  to 
Detroit;  Geography  and  History  of  Flori 
da;  View  of  the  United  States;  Lectures 
on  the  Discovery  of  America;  Mnemoni- 
ca,  a  Register  of  Events  from  the  Earliest 
Period;  and  Geographical  Dictionary.  He 
died  Oct.  9,  1864,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

DARCEY,  JOHN  S.,  physician,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1788,  in 
Hanover,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1819.  In  1835-41  he 
was  United  States  marshal  for  New  Jer 
sey.  On  the  incorporation  of  the  New 
Jersey  Railroad  company  he  was  elected 
its  president,  and  held  the  office  till  his 
death,  a  period  of  over  thirty  years.  He 
died  Oct.  22,  1863,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

DARDEN,  MRS.  FANNIE  BAKER,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1829,  in  Alabama. 
She  is  the  author  of  Romances  of  the 
Texas  Revolution;  and  Poems. 

DARDEN,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
educator,  lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1865, 
near  Lafayette,  Ala.  He  taught  school 
for  several  years;  and  is  now  a  promi 


nent   lawyer  of  Oneonta,  Ala.,   of  which 
city  he  was  mayor  in  1892. 

DARE,  VIRGINIA,  was  born  in  August, 
1587,  in  Roanoke,  Va.  She  was  the  first 
child  of  English  parents  born  in  the  new 
world. 

DARGAN,  CLARA  VICTORIA,  author, 
poet,  was  born  about  1840,  in  Winnsboro, 
S.  C.  After  the  close  of  the  civil  war 
she  became  a  teacher  in  Yorkville,  S.  C. 
She  is  the  author  of  Riverlands,  a  story 
of  life  on  the  River  Ashley,  which  origi 
nally  appeared  as  a  prize  story  in  the 
Southern  Field  and  Fireside;  and  of 
another  novel  that  obtained  a  prize  and 
was  published  as  a  serial. 

DARGAN,  EDMUND  SPAWN,  jurist, 
statesman,  was  born  April  15,  1805,  in 
Montgomery  county,  N.  C.  In  1847  he 
was  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  on  the  bench 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Alabama;  and  in 
1849  he  became  chief  justice,  which  office 
he  resigned  in  1852,  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  in  Mobile.  He  died  in 
November,  1879,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 

DARGAN,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1841,  in  Dar 
lington  county,  S.  C.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1877;  and 
was  elected  solicitor  of  the  fourth  judicial 
circuit  in  1880.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  South  Carolina  to  the 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  and  fif 
ty-first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

DARGAN,  THEODORE  A.,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  in  1823,  in 
Sleepy  Hollow,  S.  C.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  civil  war  he  entered  the  confederate 
service  as  surgeon,  and  served  until  the 
end.  In  1859  he  published  a  paper  on  the 
subject  of  Typhoid  Fever,  which  was  ex 
tensively  noticed. 

DARGON,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  state  , 
senator,  was  born  in  1801,  in  South  Caro 
lina.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  for  several  years;  commissioner  in 
equity  for  Charleston;  and  from  1847  to 
the  time  of  his  death,  the  chancellor  of 
South  Carolina.  He  died  June  12,  1859, 
in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

DARLEY,  FELIX  OCTAVIUS  CARR. 
artist,  author,  was  born  June  23,  1822,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  well-known 
artist  and  illustrator  whose  home  was  at 
Claymont,  Del.  His  only  writing  is  in 
cluded  in  Sketches  Abroad  with  Pen  and 
Pencil.  He  died  in  1888. 

DARLING,  ALFRED  B.,  was  born 
March  23,  1821,  in  Burke,  Vt.  He  is  the 
senior  proprietor  of  the  Fifth  Avenue 
hotel  of  New  York 
city,  for  many  years 
the  most  famous  and 
successful  of  Ameri 
can  houses.  In  1852 
he  became  associated 
with  Mr.  Stevens,  as 
partner,  in  the  man 
agement  of  the  Bat 
tle  house  in  Mobile, 
Ala.,  then  one  of  the 
finest  and  most  cost 
ly  hotels  in  the 
south.  He  has 
served  from  time  to  time  as  director  in 
important  institutions,  among  them  being 
the  Second  National  bank,  the  Fifth 
Avenue  Safe  Deposit  Co.,  and  The  Union 
Dime  Savings  bank,  all  of  New  York  city. 

DARLING,  CHARLES  W.,  soldier,  was 
born  Oct.  11,  1830,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  served  through  the  civil  war  and  re 
ceived  the  rank  of  colonel.  In  1867  he 
was  elected  military  engineer-in-chief  of 
the  state  of  New  York. 


DARLING,  EDWARD  IRVING,  com 
poser,  author,  the  only  child  of  the 
late  General  Edward  I.  Darling  of  Louis 
iana,  who  was  killed 
in  the  confederate 
service  of  1864,  and 
of  Mrs.  Flora  Adams 
Darling,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1862,  in  Lan 
caster,  N.  H.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
in  the  Kentucky 
Military  institute, 
and  later  at  Mount 
Pleasant  Military 
academy.  At  the  age 
of  nineteen  his  first 
opera  was  produced,  which  won  for  him 
a  prominent  pla.ce  in  musical  circles.  He 
died  in  New  York. 

DARLING,  FLORA  ADAMS,  founder 
general  of  the  Daughters  of  the  Revolu 
tion,  was  born  July  25,  1840,  in  Lancaster. 

N.  H.     She  received. 

her  education  at  the 
Lancaster  academy 
and  from  private  in 
structors.  She  is  a 
member  of  the  well- 
known  Adams  fami 
ly,  and  inherits  many 
traits  of  her  ances 
tors.  Her  husband 
was  killed  while 
serving  in  the  con 
federate  army.  She 
is  the  author  of  a 

number  of  books,  the  chief  of  which  is 
Mrs.  Darling's  Letters,  or  Memories  of  the 
Civil  War.  She  is  also  the  author  of  A 
Wayward  Winning  Woman;  The  Bourbon 
Lily;  Was  it  a  Just  Verdict;  A  Social 
Diplomat;  From  Two  Points  of  View; 
The  Senator's  Daughter;  Letters  or  Me 
moirs  of  the  Civil  War;  and  other  nov 
els.  She  has  received  the  college  degrees 
of  A.  M.  and  A.  B.  in  recognition  of  her 
literary  work. 

DARLING,  HENRY,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1823. 
in  Reading,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  who  was  president  of  Hamil 
ton  college  in  1881-91.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Close  Walk;  Slavery  and  the 
War;  Conformity  to  the  World;  and  Not 
Doing  but  Receiving.  He  died  in  1891. 

DARLING,  LUPI  I.,  poet,  was  born  in 
Westminster,  Mass.  She  is  the  author  of 
a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Messages 
From  the  Watch  Tower. 

DARLING,  MARY  GREENLEAF,  au 
thor.  She  is  the  author  of  Battles  at 
Home;  In  the  World;  and  Gladys,  a  Ro 
mance. 

DARLING,  MASON  C.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  May  18,  1801,  in 
Bellingham,  Mass.  He  aided  in  establish 
ing  the  towns  of  Sheboygan  and  Fond  du 
Lac,  Wis.  He  has  been  judge  of  probate, 
mayor  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  a  member  for 
several  years  of  the  territorial  legislature. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
the  state  of  Wisconsin  from  1847  to  1849. 
DARLING,  NOYES,  merchant,  agricul 
turist,  jurist,  was  born  in  1782,  in 'Wood- 
bridge,  Conn.  He  was  a  distinguished  ag 
riculturist  who  passed  the  latter  portion 
of  his  life  in  New  Haven,  of  which  city  he 
was  mayor,  having  served  long  as  county 
surveyor,  and  was  at  the  time  of  his 
death  judge  of  the  county  court.  He  died 
Sept.  17,  1846,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

DARLING,  WILLIAM,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1815,  in  Scotland.  He- 
was  a  distinguished  New  York  physician 
who  published  Anatmography,  or  Graphic 
Anatomy;  and  Essentials  of  Anatomy. 
He  died  in  1884. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


281 


DARLING,  WILLIAM  A.,  merchant, 
soldier,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  17, 
1817,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  From  1847  to  1854 
he  was  deputy  receiver  of  Texas  for  New 
York;  and  from  1854  to  1865  was  president 
of  a  railroad  company  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1860;  and  in 
1863  and  1864  was  president  of  the  Union 
and  Republican  organization  of  New  York 
city.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress. 

DARLINGTON,  EDWARD,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1833  to  1839. 

DARLINGTON,  ISAAC,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1781,  in  Westtown,  Pa.  In  1807  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature;  served 
as  a  volunteer  lieutenant  in  the  last  war 
with  England;  and  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1817  to 
1819.  In  1820  he  was  appointed  deputy 
attorney-general  for  Chester  county;  and 
in  1821  was  appointed  president  judge  of 
the  county  court,  which  office  he  held  un 
til  his  death.  He  died  April  27,  1839 

DARLINGTON,  JAMES  HENRY, 
clergyman,  was  born  June  9,  1856,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  became  pastor  of 
Christ  church  of  Brooklyn  in  1883;  is  a 
trustee  of  Rutgers  College  for  Women  of 
New  York  city;  and  is  an  officer  in  many 
working  associations. 

"DARLINGTON,   SMEDLEY,   educator, 

congressman,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1827,  in 
Pocopson,  Pa.  He  has  resided  in  West 
Chester  since  1864,  during  which  time  he 
has  conducted  an  extensive  business  as 
broker;  and  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth 
and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

DARLINGTON,  THOMAS,  physician, 
journalist,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1857,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In  1888  he  was  appointed 
surgeon  to  the  Copper  Queen  Consoli 
dated  Mining  company  of  Bisbee,  Ariz.; 
and  also  of  the  Southeastern  Railroad 
company.  He  is  the  editor  of  The  Mail 
and  Express  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  various  articles  which  have  ap 
peared  in  current  literature. 

DARLINGTON,  WILLIAM,  botanist, 
author,  was  born  April  28,  1782,  in  Bir 
mingham,  Pa.  He  was  a  famous  botanist 
of  West  Chester,  Pa.,  in  whose  honor 
Darlingtonia,  a  genus  of  pitcher-plants, 
was  named.  He  was  the  author  of  Mutual 
Influence  of  Habits  and  Disease;  Agri 
cultural  Botany;  Flora  Cestrica;  and  Me 
morials  of  John  Bartram  and  Humphrey 
Marshall.  He  died  in  1863. 

DARNALL,  G.  D.,  physician,  surgeon, 
legislator,  was  born  May  28,  1843,  in  Paris, 
111.  He  is  a  successful  physician  and  sur 
geon  of  West  Union,  Iowa;  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  twenty-second  general 
assembly  of  Iowa;  and  has  filled  many 
important  offices  in  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

DARNELL.  ELI  LAWSON,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  March  17,  1856,  in  Pick- 
ins  county,  Ga.  For  many  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educational  work;  studied 
law,  and  is  now  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Jasper,  Ga. 

DARNELL,  HENRY  FAULKNER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  June  24, 
1831,  in  London,  England.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Philip  Hazelbrook;  Flossie;  The 
Craze  of  Christian  Angelhart;  A  Na 
tion's  Thanksgiving;  Songs  of  the  Sea 
sons;  Kindesliebe;  besides  numerous 
short  stories,  sermons  and  poems. 

DARRAGH,  CORNELIUS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1843  to  1847.  He  died  in  January, 
1855. 


DARRAGH,  EDWARD  J.,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  June  20,  1869,  in 
Painesville,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the 
university  of  Notre  Dame  of  South  Bend, 
Ind.,  graduating  therefrom  in  1886.  In 
1890  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  St. 
Paul,  Minn.,  of  which  city  he  is  corpora 
tion  attorney.  In  1894' he  was  honored  by 
the  unanimous  nomination  for  congress 
from  his  district. 

DARRALL,  CHESTER  B.,  physician, 
surgeon,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  24,  1842,  in  Somerset  county, 
Pa.  He  entered  the  army  as  assistant  sur 
geon  of  volunteers,  promoted  to  be  sur 
geon,  and  served  throughout  the  war.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  of  Louis 
iana  in  1860;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-first,  forty-second,  forty-third,  forty- 
fourth,  forty-fifth  and  fifty-seventh  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

DARROW,  ALLEN  R.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  April  20,  1826,  in  New  London, 
Conn.  He  has  contributed  both  prose  and 
verse  to  various  journals  and  magazines; 
and  is  the  author  of  Iphigenia  and  Other 
Poems.  He  is  engaged  in  business  in  Buf 
falo,  N.  Y. 

D'ARUSMONT,  MADAME  FRANCES, 
reformer,  author,  was  born  in  1795,  in 
Scotland.  She  was  a  very  energetic  and 
versatile  Scottish  reformer  who  came  sev 
eral  times  to  America,  and  finally  settled 
in  Cincinnati.  She  was  the  author  of 
Popular  Lectures  on  Free  Inquiry;  Bio 
graphical  Notes  and  Political  Letters  of 
Fanny  Wright  D'Arusmont  (1844);  Al- 
torf:  a  tragedy;  Views  of  Society  and 
Manners  in  America;  and  A  Few  Days  in 
Athens  include  her  principal  works.  She 
died  in  1852. 

DARVIN,  THEOPHILUS,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1829,  in  South 
America.  He  was  professor  in  the  Medi 
cal  college  of  Ohio  from  1864  to  1869,  and 
filled  a  similar  position  in  the  medical 
department  of  the  university  of  Louis 
ville  from  1869  to  1872.  He  is  now  pro 
fessor  of  obstetrics  and  diseases  of  women 
and  children  in  the  college  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  Indiana. 

DARWIN,  C.  B.,  jurist.  He  was  a  resi 
dent  of  Iowa,  from  which  state  he  was 
appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Washington. 

DASSLER,  CHARLES  F.  W.,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  April  3,  1852,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  Since  1873  he  has  practiced 
law  in  Leavenworth,  Kan.;  has  been  city 
attorney  for  two  terms;  served  in  the  city 
council  for  two  terms,  and  was  president 
one  year.  He  is  the  author  of  Dassler's 
Kansas  Digest;  Dassler's  Kansas  Stat 
utes;  Kansas  Addendum;  and  Leaven- 
worth  City  Ordinances;  and  also  editor 
and  compiler  of  a  number  of  other  legal 
works. 

DAUGHERTY,  JAMES  A.,  farmer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  30, 
1847,  in  "McMinn  county,  Tenn.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
in  the  public  schools 
of  East  Tennessee; 
and  in  1867  moved  to 
I  Missouri.  During 
I  1891-95  he  served 
I  two  terms  as  judge 
I  of  the  county  court 
of  Jasper  county; 
and  in  1896  was 
elected  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  state 
legislature.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part 
in  public  affairs;  and  is  also  a  successful 
farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Webb  City,  Mo. 


DAUVRAY,  HELEN,  actress,  was  born 
Feb.  14,  1859,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  She 
made  her  first  appearance  on  the  stage 
in  San  Francisco  as  Eva  in  Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin.  She  subsequently  was  announced 
as  a  child  star  and  took  part  in  such  plays 
as  Fidela,  No  Name,  and  Katy  Did. 

DAVEE,  THOMAS,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1797,  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.  He  served  six  years  in  the  Maine 
legislature;  and  during  his  second  term 
in  the  assembly  was  chosen  speaker.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1837  to  1841;  was  also  for  many  years 
a  postmaster  in  Maine  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death  was  a  senator  elect  of  the  state 
legislature.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1841. 

DAVEIS,  CHARLES  STEWART,  sol 
dier  lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  May 
10,  1788,  in  Portland,  Maine.  In  1839  he 
was  a  candidate  for  the  state  senate  and 
the  following  year  was  elected  a  member 
of  that  body.  In  1848  he  was  a  member 
of  the  national  convention,  which  nomi 
nated  General  Taylor  for  the  presidency. 
He  wrote  extensively  for  current  publica 
tions,  and  on  genealogical  subjects;  and 
was  vice-president  general  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Society  of  the  Cincinnati.  He 
died  March  29,  1865,  in  his  native  town. 

DAVEIS,  EDWARD  HENRY,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  April,  1818,  in  Port 
land  Maine.  Since  1860  he  has  been  man 
ager' of  the  Portland  Gas  Light  company, 
and  for  a  time  was  financial  agent  of  the 
Portland  Company  of  Locomotive  and 
Marine  Engine  builders.  He  published 
Daveis'  Reports;  and  an  enlarged  edition 
of  Ware's  Reports.  He  has  been  commis 
sioner  of  the  United  States  courts  and  of 
the  court  of  claims. 

DAVEISS,  JOSEPH  HAMILTON,  law 
yer  was  born  March  4,  1774,  in  Bedford 
county,  Va.  In  1795  he  was  appointed 
United  States  attorney  for  the  state  of 
Kentucky.  In  1811  he  joined  Gen.  Har 
rison's  army  in  the  campaign  against  the 
Indians  and  received  the  command  of 
major.  'He  died  Nov.  7,  1811. 

DAVEISS,  MRS.  MARIA  THOMPSON, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1814,  in  Harrods- 
burg,  Ky.  She  is  a  Kentucky  author  who 
has  written  much  for  agricultural  jour 
nals,  and  has  published  Roger  Sherman, 
a  Tale  of  '76;  Woman's  Love;  History  of 
Mercer  and  Boyle  Counties,  Kentucky; 
and  Cultivation  and  Uses  of  the  Chinese 
Sugar  Cane. 

DAVENPORT,  ADDINGTON,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  3,  1670,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  clerk  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives,  supreme  court,  and  court  of  com 
mon  pleas,  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
council,  served  as  a  representative  in 
1711-13,  and  was  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  trom  1715  till  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  died  April  2,  1736,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DAVENPORT,  ADOLPHUS  HOYT,  act 
or,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1828,  in  Stamford, 
Conn.  His  first  appearance  in  Philadel 
phia  was  at  the  old  Chestnut  street  thea 
ter,  and  he  was  a  member  of  the  company 
during  1853-54.  He  was  manager  of  the 
Mobile  theater  during  1872,  and  was  con 
nected  with  Bidwell's  academy  of  music. 
He  died  Oct.  22,  1873,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

DAVENPORT,  AMZI  BENEDICT,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1817,  in 
New  Canaan,  Conn.  In  1836  he  estab 
lished  a  private  academy  at  Brooklyn,  N. 
Y.,  of  which  he  was  principal  for  sixteen 
years.  In  1851  he  prepared  a  history  of 
the  Davenport  family. 


282 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP'    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DAVENPORT,  BENNETT  FRANKLIN, 
physician,  surgeon,  public  official,  was 
born  May  28,  1845,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 
During  1879-86  he  filled  the  chair  of 
chemistry  in  the  Massachusetts  College 
of  Pharmacy;  was  chemist  to  the  Massa 
chusetts  state  board  of  health  during 
1882-92;  dairy  inspector  for  the  city  of 
Boston  in  1882-85;  was  appointed  a  justice 
of  the  peace  in  1893;  and  has  filled  various 
other  public  positions  of  honor.  He  is 
a  charter  member  of  the  Historical  so 
ciety  of  Watertown,  Mass.;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  various  learned  societies  of  Ameri 
ca  and  Europe. 

DAVENPORT,  EDWARD  LOOMIS. 
actor,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1814,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  In  1859  he  became  manager  of 
the  Howard  athenaeum  in  Boston,  and  ten 
years  later  took  the  management  of  the 
Chestnut  street  theater  in  Philadelphia. 
He  died  Sept.  1,  1877,  in  Canton,  Mass. 

DAVENPORT,  FANNY  LILLY  GIPSY, 
actress,  was  born  April  10,  1850,  in  Eng 
land.  She  was  a  noted  actress;  and  dur 
ing  her  professional  career  was  in  the  ' 
leading  female  role  in  She  Stoops  to  Con 
quer;  Maids  as  They  Are;  The  Good 
Natured  Man;  Caste;  and  various  other 
plays.  She  died  Sept.  26,  1898,  in  South 
Duxbury,  Mass. 

DAVENPORT,  FRANCIS  M.,  lawyer, 
was  born  May  1,  1840,  in  Gallia  county, 
Ohio.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Iowa  Wesleyan  university,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1864;  and  subsequently 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of 
the  Michigan  university.  For  twenty 
years  he  practiced  law  in  Oskaloosa,  Iowa; 
and  since  1889  in  Carroll,  Iowa.  He  has 
been  city  attorney  of  Oskaloosa;  county 
attorney  of  Carroll  county;  and  has  at 
tained  distinction  as  an  astute  lawyer  of 
national  reputation. 

DAVENPORT,  FRANKLIN,  soldier, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  revolutionary  soldier; 
a  judge;  and  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  New  Jersey  from  1798  to  1799.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1799  to  1801. 

DAVENPORT,  HENRY  GEORGE  BRY 
ANT,  actor,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1866,  in 
New  York  city.  He  has  played  at  the 
Walnut  street  theater,  Philadelphia,  as 
Hendrick,  with  Joseph  Jefferson  in  the 
comedy  of  Rip  Van  Winkle,  and  in  1879 
he  appeared  at  Wallack's  theater,  New 
York,  as  Sir  Joseph  Porter  in  the  juvenile 
Pinafore  troupe. 

DAVENPORT.  IRA,  congressman  wa* 
born  June  28,  1841,  in  Hornellsville,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  state  senator  in  1878-81;  was 
.state  comptroller  in  1882-83;  and  in  1884 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-ninth  congress.  In  1885 
he  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  gov 
ernor  of  the  state.  He  received  the  re 
election  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

DAVENPORT.  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1758,  in 
Stamford,  Conn.  He  served  in  the  com 
missary  department  in  the  war  of  the 
revolution.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas,  and  a  representative  in 
congress  during  1796-97.  He  died  Aug 
3,  1797,  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

DAVENPORT,  JAMES  J.,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  appointed  from 
Missouri  chief  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  New  Mexico. 

DAVENPORT,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1827  to  1829. 


DAVENPORT.  JOHN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1597.  in  England.  He 
was  a  famous  puritan  divine  who,  before 
coming  to  America  in  1637,  was  a  cele 
brated  London  preacher.  In  1638  he  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  New  Haven,  and  in 
1660  concealed  the  noted  regicides,  Goffe 
and  Whalley,  from  their  pursuers.  In 
1666  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  church 
in  Boston.  He  was  the  author  of  Instruc 
tions  to  Elders  of  the  English  Church; 
Catechism  containing  the  Chief  Heads  of 
the  Christian  Religion;  and  Discourse 
about  Civil  Government  in  New  England. 
He  died  March  15,  1670.  in  Boston,  Mass. 
DAVENPORT,  JOHN,  merchant,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1635,  in  England.  In  May, 
1657,  he  was  admitted  a  freeman  in  New 
Haven,  and  later  appears  to  have  been 
one  of  the  judges  in  the  courts  of  New 
Haven.  He  removed  to  Boston  in  1668, 
and  was  register  of  probate  in  1675-76, 
and  also  a  merchant.  He  died  March  21, 
1677,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DAVENPORT,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1752,  in 
Stamford,  Conn.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Connecticut  from 
1799  to  1817.  He  served  with  credit  in  the 
revolutionary  war  as  a  major  in  the  com 
missary  department.  He  died  Nov.  28, 
1839,  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

DAVENPORT,  NICHOLAS  T.,  actor, 
was  born  in  1831.  He  was  a  careful  and 
conscientious  actor,  and  maintained  a 
good  position  in  society  by  his  talents  and 
integrity.  Mr.  Davenport  was  likewise  an 
excellent  sketch-writer.  He  died  Aug.  26, 
1867,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DAVENPORT,  S.  A.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Jan.  15,  1834,  in  Schuyler  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  district  attorney 
for  the  county  of 
Erie,  and  is  now  a 
practicing  attorney. 
In  1888  he  was 
elected  ^district  dele 
gate  to  the  republi 
can  national  conven 
tion  at  Chicago;  and 
in  1892  was  electe,! 
one  of  the  delegates 
at  large  to  the  na- 
t  i  o  n  a  1  republican 
convention  at  Min 
neapolis.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  from  the 
state  at  large  by  a  majority  of  nearly 
three  hundred  thousand. 

DAVENPORT.  THOMAS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Cumberland  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1825  to  1835.  He  died  in 
November,  1838,  in  Halifax  county. 

DAVENPORT,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  appointed 
captain  in  thf  sixteenth  infantry  in  1812. 
and  distinguished  himself  at  Chippewa 
and  Lundy's  Lane  in  the  war  with  Great 
Britain.  He  died  April  12.  1858,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

DAVENPORT,  WILLIAM,  'surveyor, 
legislator,  jurist,  philanthropist,  was  born 
Oct.  12,  1769,  in  Culpeper  county,  Va.  He 
held  numerous  offices  of  trust;  and  con 
tributed  largely  to  the  erection  of  the  Fe 
male  college  of  Lenoir,  which  bears  his 
name.  He  died  Aug.  19,  1859,  in  Walnut 
Fountain,  N.  C. 

DAVENPORT,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  1797,  in  Kentucky.  In  1848, 
with  his  brother,  he  established  a  school 
at  Walnut  grove,  which  afterward  became 
Eureka  college.  He  was  a  union  man 
during  the  civil  war,  and  was  taken  pris 
oner  by  Gen.  John  Morgan's  men.  He 
died  June  24,  1869,  in  Nebraska  City,  Neb. 


DAVENPORT,  WILLIAM  BATES,  law 
yer,  was  born  March  10,  1847,  in  New- 
York  city.  In  1889  he  was  appointed  pub 
lic  administrator  of  Kings  county;  and 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

DAVEY,  ROBERT  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  22,  1853,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  in  1879,  and  re-elected  in  April,  1884, 
and  again  elected  in  1892.  He  was  presi 
dent  pro  tempore  of  the  senate  during  the 
sessions  of  1884  and  1886.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  the  first  recorder's  court  in  1880. 
re-elected  in  1882,  re-elected  in  April,  1884. 
and  served  until  May,  1888.  He  was  de 
feated  for  mayor  of  the  city  of  New  Or 
leans  in  1888;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat.  He  also  re 
ceived  the  re-election  to  the  fifty-fourth 
and  fifty-fifth  congresses. 

DAVID,  EDWARD  LIVINGSTON,  man 
ufacturer,  was  born  April  22,  1834,  in  Wor 
cester,  Mass.  Of  the  Washburn  Iron  Co., 
formed  in  1857  to  carry  on  the  business, 
he  was  treasurer  until  1882.  He  served  as 
mayor  of  Worcester  in  1874,  and  state 
senator  in  1876;  he  has  declined  other  po 
litical  honors. 

DAVID,  JEAN  BAPTISTE,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1761,  in  France.  He  was 
a  Roman  catholic  bishop  of  Bardstown. 
Ky.;  and  the  author  of  Vindication  of 
Catholic  Doctrine  concerning  Images;  Ad 
dress  to  Brethren  of  Other  Professions; 
On  the  Rule  of  Faith;  and  True  Piety. 
He  died  in  1841. 

DAVIDGE,  WILLIAM  PLEATER,  act 
or,  was  born  April  7,  1814,  in  London, 
England.  Among  his  best  parts  were 
Bishopriggs  in  Man  and  Wife;  Old  Hardy 
in  the  Belle's  Stratagem;  Hardcastle  in 
She  Stoops  to  Conquer;  and  Croaker  in 
The  Good-Natured  Man.  He  died  Aug.  7, 
1888,  in  Cheyenne,  Tenn. 

DAVIDSON,  ALEXANDER,  inventor, 
was  born  Sept.  23,  1826.  in  Pruntytown, 
W.  Va.  He  designed  a  paddle-wheel  for 
boat  propulsion,  which  was  patented  in 
1881.  To  him  and  his  genius  are  owing 
many  of  the  most  important  improve 
ments  now  embraced  in  the  leading  type 
writers.  In  1887  he  sold  out  his  various 
patents  to  the  Yost  Writing  Machine 
company. 

DAVIDSON,  ALEXANDER  C..  planter, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
26,  1826,  in  Mecklenburg  county,  N.  C.  He 
engaged  in  cotton  planting  in  1879;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  where  he  served  until  elected 
a  state  senator.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Alabama  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fiftieth  congress. 

DAVIDSON,  ARNOLD,  lawyer,  expert 
accountant,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1840,  in 
Germany.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  as 
a  private,  and  was  honorably  discharged 
in  1863.  He  settled  in  New  York  city, 
where  he  is  an  expert  accountant. 

DAVIDSON,  CHARLES,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1852,  in  Ohio.  He  is 
an  instructor  of  Belmont,  Cal.;  and  the 
author  of  The  Phonology  of  the  Stressed 
Vowels  of  Beowulf;  and  Studies  in  the 
English  Mystery  Plays. 

DAVIDSON,  GEORGE,  astronomer,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  9,  1825,  in  England. 
He  is  an  astronomer  of  distinction,  and 
founder  of  the  Davidson  observatory  in 
San  Francisco.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
United  States  Coast  Survey  of  the  Pacific 
Coast;  Coast  Pilot  of  Alaska;  and  Voy 
ages  of  Discovery  on  the  Northwest  Coast 
of  America,  1539-1603. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


283 


DAVIDSON,  JAMES  H.,  educator,  was 
born  June  18,  1858,  in  Colchester,  Del. 
He  was  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools 
of  Delaware  and  Sul- 
HP  livan  counties,  N.  V.. 
for  several  years,  and 
for  one  year  was  en 
gaged  at  the  same 
_,_  „_  _  occupation  at  Prince- 

v,  ton,    Wis.      He    was 

elected  district  at 
torney  of  Green  Lake 
county  in  1888,  and 
in  1890  was  chosen 
chairman  of  the  re 
publican  congres 
sional  committee  for 

the  sixth  district  of  Wisconsin,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  position  until  nominated 
for  the  fifty-fifth  congress.  In  1892  he 
removed  to  Oshkosh,  Wis.;  and  in  1895 
was  appointed  city  attorney  of  that  city 
for  a  term  of  two  years.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

DAVIDSON,  JAMES  WOOD,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  9,  1829,  in  New- 
berry,  S.  C.  He  is  an  educator  of  South 
Carolina  and  elsewhere;  and  the  author 
of  Living  Writers  of  the  South:  School 
History  of  South  Carolina;  The  Corres 
pondent;  The  Poetry  of  the  Future;  and 
Florida  of  To-day. 

DAVIDSON,  JOHN  S.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  about  1845,  in  Augusta. 
Ga.  In  1884  and  1886  he  was  elected  state 
senator,  and  in  1886  president  of  the  sen 
ate;  and  also  grand  master  of  Masons  of 
Georgia.  He  was  subsequently  elected 
president  of  the  Richmond  county  board 
of  education,  and  city  attorney  of  Augusta. 

DAVIDSON,  JOHN  WYNN,  soldier,  was 
born  Aug.  18.  1824,  in  Fairfax  county,  Va. 
He  served  in  the  Mexican  war;  and  in  the 
war  against  the  Apache  and  Utah  In 
dians.  He  served  with  distinction  through 
the  civil  war;  was  promoted  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1862;  and  in  1865 
was  made  major-general  for  meritorious 
services. 

DAVIDSON,  LUCRETIA  MARIA,  poet, 
was  born  Sept.  27,  1808,  in  Plattsburg,  N. 
Y.  She  was  the  author  of  Amir  Khan  and 
Other  Poems,  issued  in  1829.  She  died 
Aug.  27,  1825. 

DAVIDSON,  MARGARET  MILLER, 
poet,  was  born  March  26,  1823,  in  Platts 
burg,  N.  Y.  She  was  a  juvenile  prodigy 
whose  immature  verses  were  lauded  by 
contemporary  writers.  She  died  Nov.  25, 
1838,  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y. 

DAVIDSON,  MARION  R.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  April  4.  1847,  in  Macon  county, 
111.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  from  the  common  schools,  anrl 
graduated  from  the  Mount  Zion  academy. 
For  several  years  he  was  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1876.  Since  1878  he  has  practiced 
his  profession  with  success  in  Monticello. 
111.  He  has  filled  the  office  of  county 
judge,  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
the  public  affairs  in  his  county  and  state. 

DAVIDSON,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1750,  in  Maryland.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  who  was 
president  of  Dickinson  college,  Carlisle. 
Pa.,  1804-09.  He  was  the  author  of 
Epitome  of  Geography  in  Verse  for 
Schools;  The  Christian's  A,  B,  C,  or  the 
119th  Psalm  in  Meter:  and  New  Metrical 
Version  of  the  Psalms,  with  Notes.  He 
died  Dec.  13,  1812. 

DAVIDSON  ROBERT,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  23.  1808,  in  Carlisle, 
Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian  minister  in 


Kentucky  and  other  states,  among  whose 
writings  are  Elijah,  a  Sacred  Drama,  and 
Other  Poems;  and  The  Christ  of  God,  or 
the  Relation  of  Christ  to  Christianity. 
He  died  April  6,  1876,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DAVIDSON,  ROBERT  C.,  financier, 
public  official,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1850,  in 
Lunenburg  county,  Va.  In  1865  he  moved 
to  Baltimore,  received  employment  in  the 
wholesale  dry  goods  house  of  Daniel  Mil 
ler  and  Co.,  and  became  financial  manager 
of  that  concern.  In  1889  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Baltimore,  and  served  with  dis 
tinction.  He  declined  a  re-election,  and 
accepted  the  presidency  of  the  Baltimore 
Trust  and  Guarantee  Co.,  which  position 
he  still  fills. 

DAVIDSON,  ROBERT  H.  M.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  23,  1832,  in  Gadsden,  Fla.  He 
served  two  terms  as  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature;  and  was  elected  a 
state  senator  in  1860.  He  retired  from 
the  senate  in  1862  and  entered  the  con 
federate  army,  rising  to  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1865; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Florida  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  for 
ty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth, 
fiftieth,  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

DAVIDSON,  ROBERT  PARKS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1826. 
in  Kentucky.  He  was  district  prosecuting 
attorney  for  four  years;  was  common 
pleas  judge  for  the  district  composed  of 
Clinton  and  Carroll  counties;  and  repre 
sented  Tippecanoe  county  in  the  lower 
house  in  the  session  of  1870-72. 

DAVIDSON,  SAM  HOUSTON,  lawyer, 
college  president,  legislator,  was  born  Jan. 
29,  1848,  in  Camden,  Tenn.  He  was  in 
the  confederate  service  during  the  war. 
In  1877-79  he  was  a  representative  of  the 
Arkansas  house  of  representatives;  in 
1889-91  served  as  state  senator,  and  in 
1889  was  a  candidate  for  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  his  state.  He  was  president  of 
the  Pacific  and  Great  Eastern  Railroad 
company,  and  president  of  the  Evening 
Shade  college. 

DAVIDSON,  THOMAS,  philosopher,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1840,  in  Scotland. 
He  is  a  writer  on  art  and  philosophy  who 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1866  and  set 
tled  at  Cambridge,  and  the  author  of  The 
Parthenon  Frieze  and  Other  Essays; 
The  Place  of  Art  in  Education;  Giordano 
Bruno  and  the  Relation  of  his  Philosophy 
to  Free  Thought;  Handbook  of  Dante, 
from  the  Italian  of  Scartazzini,  with 
Notes  and  Additions:  Prolegomena  to 
Tennyson's  In  Memoriam;  Aristotle,  and 
Ancient  and  Modern  Educational  Ideals; 
and  The  Education  of  the  Greek  People 
and  its  Influence  on  Civilization. 

DAVIDSON,  THOMAS  G.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1805,  in  Jef 
ferson  county.  Miss.  He  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  of  Louisiana  in  1833,  where 
he  served,  from  different  parishes,  some 
thirteen  years.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Louisiana  in 
1855;  re-elected  in  1857;  and  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-sixth  congress,  but  withdrew  in 
February,  1861. 

DAVIDSON.  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  in  174ii  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  revolution  he  was 
appointed  major  in  one  of  the  first  regi 
ments  raised  in  North  Carolina,  and  was 
in  the  engagements  at  Brandywine,  Ger- 
mantown,  and  Monmouth.  He  died  Feb. 
1.  1781,  in  Cowan's  Ford,  N.  C. 

DAVIDSON,  WILLIAM,  planter,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  2. 
1778.  in  Mecklenburg  county,  N.  C.  He 


represented  that  county  in  the  state  legis 
lature  as  senator  in  1813,  1815,  1816,  and 
1817.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  his  native  state  from  1818  to  1821; 
and  served  again  in  the  state  senate  in 
1827,  1828,  and  1829.  He  died  Sept.  16, 
1857,  in  Mecklenburg  county,  N.  C. 

DAVIDSON,  WILLIAM  M.,  farmer,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  April  8, 
1851,  in  Sullivan  county,  Tenn.  He  has 
been  engaged  in  educational  work  for 
nearly  twenty  years;  was  superintendent 
of  schools  for  Lee  county,  Va.;  and  presi 
dent  of  Cumberland  college  for  three 
years. 

DAVIE,  WILLIAM  R.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  North  Carolina.  In  1790  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  United  States  dis 
trict  court  for  the  district  of  North  Caro 
lina. 

DAVIE,  WILLIAM  RICHARDSON,  sol 
dier,  legislator,  was  born  June  20,  1756, 
near  White  Haven,  England.  He  settled 
at  Halifax,  N.  C.,  and  was  for  many  years 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature  and  in 
1787  was  delegate  to  the  convention  which 
framed  the  federal  constitution.  He  died 
Nov.  8,  1820,  in  Camden,  S.  C. 

DAVIE,  WINSTON  JONES,  present 
state  commissioner  of  agriculture,  was 
born  April  3.  1824,  in  Kentucky.  He  was 
prominently  connected  with  grange 
movements  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee, 
and  was  vice-president  of  the  National 
Agricultural  congress  of  Kentucky.  He 
was  for  a  time  agricultural  editor  of  the 
Louisville  Ledger,  and  subsequently  edi 
tor-in-chief  of  the  National  Granger. 

DAVIES,  CHARLES,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  22,  1798,  in  Washington. 
Conn.  He  was  a  noted  professor  of 
mathematics  in  Columbia  college  from 
1857.  Beside  a  notable  series  of  mathe 
matical  text-books,  from  A  Primary 
Table  Book  to  Elementary  Geometry  and 
Trigonometry,  he  published  also  editions 
of  Legendre's  Geometry  and  Bourdon's 
Algebra.  Other  works  by  him  comprise 
Practical  Mathematics;  Elements  of  Sur 
veying;  Analytical  Geometry;  Differential 
and  Integral  Calculus;  Logic  and  Utility 
of  Mathematics;  The  Metric  System;  and 
Mathematical  Dictionary.  He  died  Sept. 
17,  1876,  in  Fishkill  Landing,  N.  Y. 

DAVIES,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  en 
graver,  was  born  June  21,  1854,  in  Whites- 
boro.  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  prominence 
as  a  noted  steel  and  copper  plate  en 
graver:  and  is  also  a  successful  business 
man  of  Grand  Rapids,  Ohio. 

DAVIES,  EDWARD,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1837  to  1841. 

DAVIES,  HENRY  EUGENE,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1805,  in  Black 
Lake.  N.  Y.  In  1859  he  was  elected  to  the 
court  of  appeals,  where  he  served  from 
1860  till  1869,  being  the  chief  justice  for 
several  years.  He  died  Dec.  17,  1881,  in 
New  York  city. 

DAVIES.  HENRY  EUGENE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  July  2,  1836,  in  New 
York  city.  He  entered  the  army  in  1861 
as  a  captain,  and  was  made  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1863.  He  was 
public  administrator  of  New  York  city  in 
1866-69;  assistant  district  attorney  of  the 
southern  district  of  New  York  in  1870-72; 
and  since  1873  has  been  engaged  in  law 
practice. 

DAVIES.  JULIEN  TAPPAN,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  25,  1845,  in  New  York  city. 
For  many  years  he  has  been  counsel  for 
the  elevated  railroads  in  the  city  of  New 
York:  and  since  1881  has  been  trustee 
and  counsel  for  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
company. 


284 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DAVIES,  MARIANNE,  musician,  was 
born  in  1736  in  New  England.  She  was 
a  noted  player  on  the  harmonica;  and 
with  her  sister  Cecilia  made  a  successful 
tour  of  Europe.  She  died  in  1792. 

DAVIES,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1724, 
in  Summit  Ridge,  Del.  He  was  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman  of  great  renown  in  his 
day  as  a  preacher,  and  the  fourth  presi 
dent  of  Princeton  college.  He  wrote  a 
number  of  hymns  still  in  use,  and  his  Ser 
mons,  in  five  volumes,  appeared  in  Lon 
don  in  1767.  He  died  Feb.  4,  1761,  in 
Princeton,  N.  J. 

DAVIES,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  was 
born  Dec.  21,  1736,  in  England.  He  was 
the  first  episcopalian  in  the  town,  and  by 
his  efforts  the  present  parish  of  St.  Mich 
ael's  was  organized  in  1745.  He  gave  it  a 
tract  of  land,  and  contributed  largely  to 
the  erection  of  a  church.  He  died  May  12, 
1766,  in  Milford,  Conn. 

DAVIES,  THOMAS  ALFRED,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  in  December,  1809,  in 
St.  Lawrence  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  fed 
eral  officer  in  the  civil  war,  and  is  the 
author  of  Cosmogony,  or  Mysteries  of  Cre 
ation;  Adam  and  Ha-Adam;  Genesis  Dis 
closed;  Answer  to  Hugh  Miller  and  The 
oretical  Geologists;  and  How  to  Make 
Money  and  How  to  Keep  It. 

DAVIES,  THOMAS  FREDERICK,  bish 
op  of  Michigan,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1831,  in 
Fairfleld,  Conn.  He  was  professor  of 
Hebrew  in  the  Berkeley  Divinity  school, 
from  1856  to  1862;  rector  of  St.  John's 
church  of  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  from  1862 
to  1868;  and  rector  of  St.  Peter's  church  of 
Philadelphia,  from  1868  to  1880.  He  has 
published  occasional  sermons,  episcopal 
addresses,  pastorals,  and  other  official 
papers. 

DAVIES.  WILLIAM,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Georgia.  Prior  to  the  year  1820  he  was 
appointed  a  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  the  district  of  Georgia. 

DAVIES,  WILLIAM  GILBERT,  lawyer, 
was  born  March  21,  1842,  in  New  York 
city.  He  entered  the  service  of  the  Mu 
tual  Life  Insurance  company  of  New  York 
city,  and  in  1870,  when  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  company  was  organized,  he 
became  assistant.  He  held  that  position 
until  1885,  when  he  was  elected  head  of 
the  department. 

DAVIESS,  JOSEPH  HAMILTON,  law 
yer,  was  born  March  4,  1774,  in  Bedford 
county,  Va.  He  served  for  six  months  as 
a  volunteer  in  the  Indian  campaign  of 
1793,  and  then  studied  law.  He  died  Nov 
7,  1811. 

DAVIS.  AARON  GREEN,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  March  8,  1865,  in  Camden. 
Tenn.  In  1889  he  began  the  publication 
of  The  Southern;  and  in  1890  was  elected 
county  lecturer  of  the  Agricultural  Wheel, 
now  known  as  the  Farmers'  Alliance, 
which  position  he  filled  until  1892.  He  has 
editorial  control  of  The  Dyersburg  Times. 

DAVIS,  AARON  JASPER,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  was  born  June  21,  1847,  in  Clarion 
county,  Pa.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier 
during  the  civil  war;  and  for  twenty-three 
years  has  been  a  member  of  the  National 
Guard  of  Pennsylvania.  His  life  has  been 
spent  principally  in  educational  work.  He 
was  county  superintendent  of  schools  for 
eight  years;  was  an  officer  in  the  depart 
ment  of  public  instruction  at  Harrisburg. 
Pa.;  superintendent  of  the  Industrial  and 
Training  school  of  Sitka,  Alaska,  and  Is 
now  principal  of  the  State  Normal  school 
of  Clarion,  Pa. 

DAVIS,  ALEXANDER  HENRY,  propri 
etor,  was  bom  Oct.  19,  1839,  in  Syracuse, 


N.  Y.  When  the  civil  war  broke  out  he 
went  to  the  front  in  1861  as  lieutenant  of 
artillery.  He  was  promoted  to  be  captain 
and  assistant  adjutant-general  in  1863, 
and  major  and  assistant  inspector-general 
in  1864. 

DAVIS,  ALEXANDER  JACKSON,  arch 
itect,  was  born  July  24,  1803,  in  New  York. 
He  designed  the  executive  department  and 
patent-office  in  Washington,  the  capitols 
of  Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio  and  North  Caro 
lina,  the  university  of  Michigan,  and  the 
Virginia  military  institute. 

DAVIS,  AMOS,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Mount  Sterling.  Ky.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Kentucky  legislature 
from  Montgomery  county  in  1819,  1825, 
1827  and  1828;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Kentucky  from  1833  to 
1835.  He  was  a  brother  of  Garrett  Davis. 
He  died  June  5,  1835,  in  Owingsville,  Ky. 

DAVIS,  ANDREW  JACKSON,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  11,  1826,  in  Blooming 
Grove,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  noted  spiritualist  of 
Poughkeepsie,  among  whose  many  mys 
tical  rhapsodical  writings  the  following 
may  be  considered  the  most  important: 
The  Great  Harmonia;  Harmonial  Man; 
Present  Age  and  Inner  Life;  Philoso 
phy  of  Spiritual  Intercourse;  The  Princi 
ples  of  Nature;  The  Penetralia;  Genesis 
and  Ethics  of  Conjugal  Love,  8>nd  Auto 
biography. 

DAVIS,  ANDREW  McFARLAND,  anti 
quarian  and  author,  was  born  Dec.  30, 
1833,  in  Worcester,  Mass.  After  practic 
ing  a  short  time  in  Massachusetts  he  went 
to  California,  and  was  for  several  years 
a  partner  of  his  brother  in  the  manufac 
turing  business.  He  published  articles  in 
the  Overland  and  Atlantic  Monthly  maga 
zines. 

DAVIS,  ASAHEL,  author,  was  born  in 
1791  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a  Massa 
chusetts  antiquary  who  published  Ancient 
America  and  Researches  of  the  East;  and 
History  of  New  Amsterdam. 

DAVIS,  AUGUSTA  CORDELIA,  poet, 
was  born  in  1836  in  Maine.  She  is  the 
author  of  Poems  from  Yare. 

DAVIS,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1832  in  Alabama.  He 
distinguished  himself  in  both  the  infantry 
and  cavalry  service  in  New  Mexico.  In 
1862  he  became  colonel  of  the  eighth  New 
York  cavalry.  He  died  June  9,  1863,  in 
Beverly  Ford,  Va. 

DAVIS,  BOOTHE  COLWELL,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  July 
12,  1863,  in  Jane  Lew,  W.  Va.  He  was 
made  president  of  Alfred  university,  in 
which  institution  he  also  fills  the  chair  of 
philosophy  and  college  pastor.  He  has 
written  numerous  papers,  lectures  and  ad 
dresses,  and  is  the  author  of  Catholicism 
in  America;  The  Beginnings  of  History; 
and  The  Narrative  of  the  Flood  and  the 
Lessons  It  Teaches. 

DAVIS,  MRS.  CAROLINE  E.,  author, 
was  born  in  1831  in  Northwood,  N.  H.  She 
is  a  prolific  writer  of  Sunday-school  tales, 
and  is  the  author  of  No  Cross,  No  Crown; 
Little  Conqueror  Series;  Miss  Wealthy's 
Hope;  and  That  Boy. 

DAVIS,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1789,  in  Mansfield, 
Conn.  In  1841-45  he  was  United  States 
district  attorney  of  Vermont,  and  in  1845 
was  elected  judge  of  probate  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Caledonia,  and  re-elected  in  1846. 
He  died  in  1863  in  Vermont. 

DAVIS,  CHARLES  C.,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  15,  1830,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.  He 
served  as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil 
war;  was  second  and  first  lieutenant  dur 
ing  three  months'  service  in  1861,  and  cap 


tain  and  major  during  three  years'  service 
in  seventh  regiment  Pennsylvania  caval 
ry,  army  of  the  Cumberland.  He  is  now 
connected  with  the  postoffice  of  his  native 
city. 

DAVIS,  CHARLES  HENRY,  naval  offi 
cer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1807,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  rear-admiral  in  the 
United  States  navy,  and  a  noted  hydro- 
grapher.  Besides  editing  the  American 
Nautical  Almanac,  he  published  Law  of 
Deposit  of  Flood  Tide;  Geological  Action 
of  Tidal  and  Other  Ocean  Currents:  and 
translated  Gauss's  Theoria  Motus  Corpo- 
rum  Coelestium.  He  died  in  1877. 

DAVIS,  CHARLES  HENRY,  naval  offi 
cer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1845,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  United  States 
naval  officer,  and  the  author  of  Chrono 
meter  Rates  as  Affected  by  Temperature 
and  Other  Causes;  and  Telegraphic  Deter 
mination  of  Longitudes. 

DAVIS,  CHARLES  HENRY  STANLEY, 
physician,  author,  was  born  in  1840  in 
Connecticut.  He  is  a  physician  of  Meri- 
den.  Conn.,  and  the  author  of  History  of 
Wallingford  and  Meriden;  The  Voice  as  a 
Musical  Instrument;  Education  and 
Training  of  Feeble  Minded  Children;  and 
Index  to  Periodical  Literature. 

DAVIS,  CLAUDE  BERNARD,  educator, 
was  born  March  18, 1873,  in  Mohican,  Ohio. 
In  1892  he  graduated  from  the  Bethany. 
W.  Va. ;  and  the  next  year  studied  at  Har 
vard  university.  He  then  became  city  ed 
itor  of  the  Ashland  Times,  Ohio;  and 
since  1894  has  been  director  of  the  School 
of  Oratory  of  the  university  of  Wooster, 
with  phenomenal  success. 

DAVIS,  CLINTON  B.,  manufacturer, 
legislator,  was  born  July  27,  1843,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  In  1867  he  established  the 
wholesale  hardware  firm  of  Davis,  Tracy 
and  Co.,  and  subsequently  began  the  man 
ufacture  of  plows.  In  1883  he  was  elected 
to  the  Connecticut  general  assembly  as 
representative  from  the  town  of  Haddam, 
receiving  the  re-election  in  1884  and  1887: 
and  during  the  latter  two  terms  was 
speaker  of  the  house. 

DAVIS,  CUSHMAN  KELLOGG,  soldier, 
lawyer,  United  States  senator,  author, 
was  born  June  16.  1838,  in  Henderson,  N. 
Y.  He  was  first  lieutenant  in  the  twenty- 
eighth  Wisconsin  infantry  in  1862-64.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  legisla 
ture  in  1867;  was  United  States  district 
attorney  for  Minnesota  in  1868-73;  was 
governor  of  Minnesota  in  1874-75;  and 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as 
a  republican,  to  succeed  S.  J.  R.  McMil 
lan,  republican,  and  took  his  seat  March  4, 
1887;  was  re-elected  in  1893.  His  term  of 
service  will  expire  March  3.  1899.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Law  in  Shakespeare. 

DAVIS,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  May  8,  1762,  in  Barnstable,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Massachusetts  jurist  who  was 
solicitor-general  of  his  state  in  1800-32. 
He  is  the  author 'of  Criminal  Practice;  and 
Precedents  of  Indictments. 

DAVIS,  DANIEL  F.,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Maine  in  1880-81. 

DAVIS,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  March  9,  1815, 
in  Cecil  county,  Md.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Illinois  state  legislature;  and  in  1848 
was  elected  judge  of  the  eighth  judicial 
circuit  of  the  state;  re-elected  in  1855  and 
also  in  1861.  He  was  appointed  a  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States; 
and  was  a  delegate-at-large  to  the  Chi 
cago  convention  of  1860,  which  nominated 
Mr.  Lincoln  for  president.  He  resigned 
from  the  supreme  bench  in  1877  to  take 
his  seat  as  United  States  senator  from  Ill 
inois  for  the  term  of  six  years.  He  died 
June  25,  1886. 


UKKRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


285 


DAVIis,  DAVID,  vocalist,  composer,  was 
born  May  3,  1855,  in  South  Wales.  About 
1881  he  established  himself  as  a  teacher 
of  singing  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  which 
•city  he  has  ever  since  been  choirmaster 
of  St.  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 
He  has  also  been  tenor  of  the  Plum  street 
Jewish  synagogue;  tenor  of  the  Scottish 
Rite  choir;  director  of  the  Welsh  Choral 
society,  and  director  of  the  Cambrian  Male 
chorus.  He  has  appeared  in  numerous 
concerts  in  London  and  in  many  of  the 
principal  cities  of  the  United  States. 

DAVIS,  EDMUND  J.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  in  Florida.  He 
was  collector  of  customs  on  the  Texas 
frontier,  bordering  on  the  Rio  Grande, 
from  1850  to  1852;  was  a  district  attorney 
in  1853  and  1854,  and  was  district  judge 
from  1855  to  1860.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
union  army  as  colonel;  served  throughout 
the  civil  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general.  After  the  close  of  the  war 
he  returned  to  Texas;  in  1866  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  first  reconstruction  convention; 
was  president  of  the  second  reconstruc 
tion  convention,  and  was  governor  of 
Texas  from  1870  to  1874. 

DAVIS,  EDWIN  HAMILTON,  archaeol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1811,  in 
Ross  county,  Ohio.  He  was  an  archaeol 
ogist  whose  chief  work  is  Monuments  of 
the  Mississippi.  He  died  May  15,  1888,  in 
New  York  city. 

DAVIS,  ELIAS  G.,  business  man,  public 
official,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1841,  in  South 
Wales.  In  1868  he  emigrated  to  the  United 
States,  and  for  the  past  ten  years  has 
lived  in  Colorado.  He  has  been  postmas 
ter  for  eight  years,  and  in  1888  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  by  Governor  Coop 
er;  re-elected  two  terms;  and  served  two 
years  as  chairman  of  the  board.  He  is 
also  a  successful  cattle  ranchman  on  the 
south  fork  of  the  Republican  river,  Col 
orado. 

DAVIS,  EMERSON,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  15,  1798,  in  Ware,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  who 
was  president  of  Williams  college  in  1861- 
68.  He  was  the  author  of  Historical 
Sketch  of  Westfield,  Massachusetts;  The 
Teacher  Taught;  and  The  First  Half  Cen 
tury,  or  Events  and  Changes,  1800-50.  He 
died  June  8,  1866,  in  Westfield,  Mass. 

DAVIS,  GARRETT,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  10,  1801,  in  Mt.  Sterling,  Ky.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature,  and 
was  twice  re-elected.  In  1839  he  was  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention;  and  from  1839  to  1847  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Ken 
tucky,  and  declined  a  re-election.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  for  the  term  ending  in  1867.  In 
1867  he  was  re-elected  to  the  senate  for 
the  term  ending  in  1873.  He  died  Sept.  3, 
1872,  in  Paris,  Ky. 

DAVIS,  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1858,  in 
Fayetteville.  Ga.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Middle  Georgia  college,  and 
the  Atlanta  Medical  college,  Georgia.  He 
was  president  of  the  Fayetteville  County 
Medical  association,  and  a  member  of  the 
leading  medical  associations.  He  has  a 
large  practice  in  De  Land,  Fla.,  where  he 
is  also  a  prominent  druggist. 

DAVIS,  GEORGE  R..  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1840,  in  Three  Riv 
ers,  Mass.  He  entered  the  union  army  in 
1862  and  was  promoted  from  captain  to 
major,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  settled  in  Chicago,  111.,  and  engaged 
in  various  pursuits.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty- 


sixth,  forty-seventh,  and  forty-eighth 
congresses  as  a  democrat,  and  declined 
further  nominations. 

DAVIS,  GEORGE  THOMAS,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
12,  1810,  in  Sandwich,  Mass.  He  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  Massachusetts  in 
1839  and  1840;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1851  to 
1853.  His  speeches  in  congress  were  pub 
lished  in  1852.  He  died  in  1877. 

DAVIS,  GILBERT  ASA,  merchant,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1835,  in 
Chester,  Vt.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Vermont  house  of  repre 
sentatives,  and  in  1876  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate.  He  has  been  state's  attor 
ney  for  Windsor  county,  and  for  fifteen 
years  has  practiced  law  with  success  in 
Windsor.  He'  is  the  owner  of  the  Wind 
sor  Drug  Store,  and  is  prominently  iden 
tified  with  various  other  business  enter 
prises. 

DAVIS,  HASBROUCK,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  April  19,  1827,  in  Worcester, 
Mass.  He  was  mustered  into  the  United 
States  service  in  1862  as  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  eleventh  Illinois  cavalry,  and  at  the 
close  of  the  war  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general.  After  returning  to  Chicago,  he 
was  elected  city  attorney.  He  died  Oct.  10, 
1870.  t 

DAVIS,  HENRY,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1771, 
in  East  Hampton,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed 
president  of  Hamilton  college,  where  he 
remained  until  his  resignation  in  1833.  He 
published  a  Narrative  of  the  Embarrass 
ments  and  Decline  of  Hamilton  College. 
He  died  March  8,  1852,  in  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

DAVIS,  HENRY  CLAY,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  4,  1837,  in  Franklin  county, 
Vt.  He  received  his  education  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  Vermont,  and  has  attained 
distinction  as  one  of  the  leading  lawyers 
of  the  west;  and  now  practices  his  pro 
fession  at  Yuma,  Ariz. 

DAVIS.  HENRY  EUGENE,  lawyer,  sol 
dier,  was  born  July  2,  1836,  in  New  York 
city.  He  attended  Harvard  and  Williams 
colleges,  and  gradu 
ated  from  the  Col 
umbia  Law  school  in 
1857.  At  the  com 
mencement  of  the 
civil  war  he  became 
captain  of  the  fifth 
New  York  volunteer 
infantry;  rose  rapid- 
1 y  through  a  1 1 
grades;  and  was 
brevetted  brigadier- 
general  of  the  United 
States  volunteers. 
For  three  years  he  was  public  administra 
tor  of  New  York  city,  and  during  1870-73 
was  assistant  district  attorney  of  the 
United  States. 

DAVIS,  HENRY  G.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  banker,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Nov.  16,  1823,  in  Howard 
county,  Md.  He  settled  in  West  Vir 
ginia,  and  in  1858  became  president  of 
a  bank.  In  1865  he  was  elected  to  the 
legislature;  in  1868  was  a  delegate  to  the 
democratic  national  convention;  in  the 
same  year  was  elected  to  the  state  senate; 
and  in  1870  was  re-elected.  He  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  from  West  Virginia 
for  the  term  ending  in  1877,  and  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1883.  In 
1881  he  became  president  of  the  West  Vir 
ginia  Central  and  Pittsburg  railway,  and 
also  of  the  Piedmont  and  Cumberland 
railway. 


DAVIS,  HENRY  LYON,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  about  1775  in  Maryland.  In 
1816  he  was  elected  vice-president  of  St. 
John's  college  of  Annapolis,  Md.;  in  1818 
was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  mathemat 
ics,  and  in  1820  was  elected  president  of 
this  institution.  In  1826  he  moved  to 
Delaware,  where  he  became  president  of 
the  college  at  Wilmington.  He  died  in 
1837  in  Georgetown,  Md. 

DAVIS,  HENRY  WINTER,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1817. 
in  Annapolis,  Md.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Maryland  to  the  thirty- 
fourth,  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses;  and  also  elected  to  the  thirty 
eighth  congress.  In  1864  he  was  appointed 
a  regent  of  the  Smithsonian  institution. 
He  was  conspicuously  loyal  to  the  union 
during  the  civil  war.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  War  of  Ormuzd  and  Ahriman  in 
the  Nineteenth  Century;  and  Speeches  and 
Addresses  in  Congress.  He  died  Dec.  30. 
1865,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

DAVIS,  HORACE,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  March  16. 
1831,  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  California  to  the 
forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses  as 
a  republican.  He  is  the  president  of  the 
Sperry  Flour  company  of  San  Francisco, 
which  has  a  capital  of  ten  million  dollars. 
He  is  the  author  of  Dolor  Davis,  a  Sketch 
of  His  Life;  American  Constitutions  and 
the  Relation  of  the  Three  Departments  as 
Adjusted  by  a  Century;  and  Shakespeare's 
Sonnets,  an  Essay. 

DAVIS,  ISAAC,  patriot,  was  born  in 
1745.  He  was  captain  of  the  Acton  min 
ute-men,  and  led  them  against  the  British 
at  Concord  bridge.  He  died  April  19,  1775, 
in  Concord,  Mass. 

DAVIS,  ISAAC,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
was  born  June  2,  1799,  in  Northborough, 
Mass.  He  was  mayor  of  Worcester  for 
three  years,  and  for  eleven  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  senate.  He  died 
April  1,  1883,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

DAVIS,  JAMES,  colonial  printer,  was 
born  Oct.  21,  1721,  in  Virginia.  He  re 
moved  with  his  printing  outfit  to  New- 
bern,  N.  C.,  in  1749,  and  established  the 
first  press  in  that  state.  He  was  the  only 
printer  in  the  province  until  1764,  and 
did  nearly  all  the  book  and  pamphlet 
printing  prior  to  and  during  the  revolu 
tion.  He  died  in  1785  in  Newbern.  N.  C. 

DAVIS,  JAMES,  jurist,  poet,  was  born 
Jan.  28,  1815,  in  Gloucester,  Mass.  In 
1877  he  published  a  volume  of  his  verse 
entitled  Pleasant  Water,  a  Song  of  the 
Sea  and  Shore.  For  thirty  years  he  was  a 
judge  in  his  native  city. 

DAVIS.  JAMES  C.,  physician,  author, 
was  born  March  16,  1863,  in  Grand  coun 
ty,  Mo.  He  graduated  from  the  high 
school  in  1883;  and 
from  the  university 
of  Michigan  in  1885; 
after  which  he  en 
tered  the  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical 
»'  college  of  New  York 
city,  where  the  de 
gree  of  doctor  of 
medicine  was  con 
ferred  upon  him.  He 
then  attended  the 
hospitals  of  New 
York  city  for  one 
year,  then  studied  abroad  for  two  years; 
and  has  attained  eminence  as  a  successful 
practitioner  of  gynaecology,  obstetrics  and 
surgery  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  is  widely 
known  by  his  valuable  contributions  to 
medical  literature,  and  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  leading  medical  societies 
of  both  America  and  Europe. 


286 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DAVIS,  JEFFERSON,  statesman,  presi 
dent  of  the  confederacy,  was  born  June  3, 
1808,  in  Christian  county,  Ky.  In  1844 
he  was  a  presidential 
elector,  and  in  1845 
was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress 
from  Mississippi.  He 
resigned  in  1846  to 
become  colonel  of  a 
volunteer  regiment 
to  serve  in  Mexico, 
and  in  Mexico  re 
ceived  the  appoint 
ment  of  brigadier- 
general.  In  1847  he 
was  appointed  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
and  was  elected  for  the  term  ending 
in  1851;  and  resigned  in  1850,  and  was 
re-elected  for  a  term  of  six  years,  but  re 
signed.  He  was  appointed  secretary  of 
war  by  President  Pierce,  serving  through 
out  his  administration.  In  1857  he  again 
took  his  seat  in  the  United  States  senate 
for  the  term  of  six  years.  He  wrote  the 
Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Confederate  Govern 
ment.  He  died  in  1889. 

DAVIS,  JEFFERSON  C.,  soldier,  was 
born  March  2,  1828,  in  Clark  county,  Ind. 
In  1848  he  was  made  second  lieutenant  for 
gallant  conduct  at 
Buena  Vista;  and  in 
1852  became  first 
lieutenant,  and  had 
charge  of  the  garri 
son  in  Fort  Sumter, 
S.  C.,  and  was  there 
during  the  bombard 
ment  of  1861.  At 
the  battle  of  Pea 
Ridge  he  command 
ed  as  brigadier-gen 
era  1  of  volunteers 
one  of  the  four  divi 
sions  of  General  Curtis'  army.  On  Sept. 
2j,  1862,  he  chanced  to  meet  in  Louisville, 
Gen.  William  Nelson,  from  whom  he 
claimed  to  have  received  treatment  un 
duly  harsh  and  severe.  An  altercation  en 
sued,  and  in  a  moment  of  resentment  he 
shot  Nelson,  instantly  killing  him.  He 
was  arrested,  and  held  for  a  time,  but  no 
trial  was  ordered,  and  he  was  released  and 
assigned  to  duty  at  Covington,  Ky.  He 
died  Nov.  30,  1879,  in  Chicago,  111. 

DAVIS,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1839 
to  1841. 

DAVIS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  25,  1761,  in  Plymouth,  Mass. 
He  was  some  years  in  the  state  legisla 
ture;  a  member  of  the  convention  to  adopt 
the  federal  constitution,  and  member  of 
the  state  senate  in  1795.  He  was  appoint 
ed  comptroller  of  the  United  States  treas 
ury  in  1795;  district  attorney  for  Massa 
chusetts  in  1796,  and  was  United  States 
district  Judge  from  1801  until  his  death. 
He  died  Jan.  14,  1847,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DAVIS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  governor. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  13. 
1787,  in  Northborough,  Mass.  He  was  a 
representative  1  n 
congress  from  1825 
to  1834;  governor  of 
Massachusetts  dur 
ing  the  years  1834 
and  1835,  and  1841 
and  1842,  and  a  sen 
ator  in  congress 
from  1835  to  1841, 
and  again  from  1845 
to  1853.  He  died 
April  19,  1854,  In 
Worcester,  Mass.  He 
was  noted  for  bis 
great  philanthropy  and  kindness. 


DAVIS,  JOHN,  journalist,  congressman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1826,  in  Sanga- 
mon  county,  111.     For  a  quarter  of  a  cen 
tury  he  was  actively 
engaged    in   journal 
ism,  and  served  as  a 
member  of  the  flfty- 
^  second      and      fifty- 

4B)  ^,  third   congresses.  He 

t  %  is  the  author  of  a 
large  number  of 
pamphlets  and 
speeches  on  the 
monetary  question 
and  political  econo 
my;  and  the  author 
of  The  Conquest  of 
the  Prairies  by  Abraham  Lincoln  in  1830; 
Sketch  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte;  and  vari 
ous  other  works,  which  are  highly  valued. 

DAVIS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
Sept.  16,  1851,  in  Newton,  Mass.  He  was 
appointed  assistant  counsel  for  the  United 
States  before  the  French-American  claims 
commission  in  1881;  in  1882  was  appointed 
assistant  secretary  of  state,  and  in  1885 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  of  claims. 

DAVIS,  JOHN  A.  G.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1801  in  Middlesex  county,  Va. 
He  was  a  Virginia  lawyer,  professor  of 
law  in  the  university  of  Virginia  in  1830- 
40,  and  the  author  of  Estates  Tail,  Execu 
tive  Devises,  and  Contingent  Remainders 
under  Virginia  Statutes;  and  Treatise  on 
Criminal  Law.  He  died  Nov.  4,  1840,  in 
Williamsburg,  Va. 

DAVIS,  JOHN  CHANDLER  BAN 
CROFT,  diplomatist,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  29,  1822,  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  is  a 
diplomatist  who  was  agent  for  the  United 
States  before  the  Geneva  court  of  arbi 
tration  on  the  Alabama  claims,  and  after 
wards,  1873-77,  minister  to  Germany.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Massachusetts  Jus 
tice;  The  Case  of  the  United  States  Be 
fore  the  Tribunal  of  Arbitration  at  Gen 
eva;  Treaties  of  the  United  States,  with 
Notes;  United  States  Supreme  Court  Re 
ports;  and  Mr.  Fish  and  the  Alabama 
Claims. 

DAVIS,  JOHN  G.,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  10,  1810,  in  Fleming  county,  Ky. 
He  was  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  thirty-second,  thirty-third  and  thirty- 
fifth  congresses,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  He  died  Jan.  18, 
1866,  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

DAVIS,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb. 
9,  1869,  in  Gaddiston,  Ga.  In  1892  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  is  attaining  dis 
tinction  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Hiawassee, 
Ga.  He  has  served  as  county  adminis 
trator,  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

DAVIS,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  May  1,  1835,  in  Clarksburg,  Va. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
of  Virginia  in  1861,  and  of  West  Virginia 
in  1870.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  In 
1864,  and  was  one  of  the  delegates  from 
the  state  at  large  to  the  national  demo 
cratic  convention  at  New  York  in  1868. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-second  and 
forty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

DAVIS,  JOHN  LEE,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Sept.  3.  1825,  in  Carlisle,  Ind.  He 
entered  the  United  States  service  as  a 
midshipman  in  1841;  was  commissioned 
lieutenant-commander  in  1862,  and  in  1863 
sank  the  blockade  running  steamer 
Georgina.  He  died  Sept.  3,  1889,  in  Wash 
ington.  D.  C. 

DAVIS,  JOHN  W..  physician,  congress 
man,   governor,  was   born  July   17,   1799, 
in  Lancaster,  Pa.     He  served  as  a  surro 
gate,  and   then   in   the  legislature   of   In 


diana;  and  was  speaker  of  the  lower 
branch  in  1832  and  1841.  He  was  also  a 
commissioner  to  make  a  treaty  with  the 
Indians,  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Indiana  from  1835  to  1837,  from 
1839  to  1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1847. 
He  was  speaker  of  the  house  'of  represent 
atives  during  the  .twenty-ninth  congress. 
In  1848  he  was  appointed  minister  to 
China.  He  subsequently  held  the  position 
of  governor  of  Oregon  territory  during 
1853-54.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1859,  in  Carlisle, 
Ind. 

DAVIS,  JOHN  WOODBRIDGE,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1854,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  civil  engineer 
who,  besides  contributing  much  to  en 
gineering  journals,  has  published  Formu 
lae  for  the  Calculation  of  Railroad  Earth 
Work  and  Average  Haul,  which  speedily 
came  into  use  as  a  text-book. 

DAVIS,  JOSEPH  JOHN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  13,  1828,  in 
Franklin  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  in  1866,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  forty-fourth  congress,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty- 
sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

DAVIS,  JOSEPH  SLOCUM,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1812,  in  Pickaway 
county,  Ohio.  He  settled  in  Mount  Ver- 
non,  and  there  practiced  his  profession  in 
connection  with  Columbus  Delano.  He 
was  twice  elected  judge,  and  held  other 
offices,  both  national  and  local.  He  died 
Dec.  21,  1884,  in  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio. 

DAVIS,  LEMUEL  CLARKE,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1835,  near  San- 
dusky,  Ohio.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  jour 
nalist,  editor  of  The  Inquirer,  and  author 
of  The  Stranded  Ship,  a  Story  of  Sea  and 
Shore. 

DAVIS,  LOWNDES  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1836,  in  Jack 
son,  Mo.  He  was  state's  attorney  for  the 
tenth  judicial  circuit  of  Missouri  from  1868 
to  1872;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1872, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1875.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  state  house  of  represent 
atives  in  1876,  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

DAVIS,  MRS.  MARY  EVELYN,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1852  in  Alabama. 
She  is  a  prominent  writer  of  New  Or 
leans,  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Pica 
yune,  and  the  author  of  Minding  the  Gap, 
and  Other  Poems;  In  War  Times  at  La 
Rose  Blanche,  sketches  for  young  people; 
Under  the  Man-Fig,  a  novel;  and  An  Ele 
phant's  Track  and  Other  Stories. 

DAVIS,  MATTHEW  L.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1766  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  Washington  journalist  who  pub 
lished  a  Life  of  Aaron  Burr.  He  died 
June  2,  1850,  in  Manhattanville,  N.  Y. 

DAVIS,  MINNIE  S.,  lecturer,  was  born 
•March  25,  1835,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  For 
many  years  she  was  assistant  editor  of  the 
Ladies'  Repository  of  Boston,  Mass.  She 
has  lectured  upon  the  Philosophy  of  Men 
tal  Healing  and  since  1885  has  been  de 
voted  to  the  work  of  healing  and  teaching 
mental  science  and  healing,  at  Hartford, 
Conn.,  with  great  success. 

DAVIS,  NATHAN  SMITH,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1817,  in  Greene. 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  Chicago  physician,  dean  of 
the  Northwestern  university,  whose  prin 
cipal  writings  include  Lectures  on  Various 
Important  Diseases;  Principles  and  Prac 
tice  of  Medicine;  Verdict  of  Science  Con 
cerning  the  Effects  of  Alcohol  on  Man: 
and  Medical  Education  and  Reform. 


HERRINQSHAW'8    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OK    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


287 


DAVIS,  NELSON  HENRY,  soldier,  was 
born  Sept.  20,  1821,  in  Oxford,  Mass.  He 
served  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  re 
ceived  the  brevet  of  brigadier-general 
for  his  services  in  the  civil  war.  He  was 
retired  in  1885  as  brigadier-general.  He 
died  May  15,  1890,  on  Governor's  Island, 
N.  Y. 

DAVIS,  NOAH,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1818,  in  Haverhill, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state  from  1857  to  1868.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-first  and  forty-second 
congresses,  but  resigned  to  become  United 
States  attorney  for  the  district  of  New 
York.  In  1873  he  was  again  elected  judge 
of  the  supreme  court. 

DAVIS,  NOAH  KNOWLES,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  15,  1830,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  professor  of  moral 
science  in  the  university  of  Virginia,  and 
the  author  of  The  Theory  of  Thought,  a 
Treatise  on  Deductive  Logic;  the  Ele 
ments  of  Inductive  Logic;  and  the  Ele 
ments  of  Deductive  Logic. 

DAVIS,  OZORA  STEARNS,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  July  30,  1866, 
in  Wheelock,  Vt.  He  received  a  thorough 
education,  and  has  the  degrees  of  A.  B., 
A.  M.  and  Ph.  D.  For  several  years  he  was 
principal  of  graded  schools  of  White  Riv 
er  Junction,  Vt.,  and  is  now  pastor  of  the 
First  Congregational  church  of  Spring 
field,  Vt.  He  is  the  author  of  Dartmouth 
Lyrics;  A  Vocabulary  of  New  Testament 
Words;  John  Robinson;  and  other  works. 
DAVIS,  PETER  SEIFERT,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1828  in  Maryland. 
He  is  a  German  reformed  clergyman  who 
has  written  The  Young  Parson. 

DAVIS,  MRS.  REBECCA  ELAINE, 
author,  was  born  June  24,  1831,  in  Wash 
ington,  Pa.  She  is  a  novelist  whose  first 
story,  Life  in  the  Iron  Mills,  a  powerful 
but  sombre  study  of  laboring-class  life, 
attracted  great  attention  in  the  earlier 
pages  of  the  Atlantic  Monthly.  Her  later 
works  in  fiction  include  Margret  Howth; 
Waiting  for  the  Verdict;  Dallas  Gal- 
braith;  A  Law  Unto  Herself;  Kitty's 
Choice;  John  Andross;  Doctor  Warrick's 
Daughters;  Silhouettes  of  American  Life; 
Kent  Hampden,  a  Story  of  a  Boy;  Natas- 
qua;  The  Faded  Leaf  of  History;  and 
Frances  Walstrup. 

DAVIS,  REUBEN,  lawyer,  jurist,  gen 
eral,  congressman,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
18,  1813,  in  Tullahoma,  Tenn.  He  was  in 
the  Mexican  war  as  colonel  commandant 
of  the  Mississippi  rifles,  but  resigned  on 
account  of  sickness.  He  was'  elected  to  the 
lower  branch  of  the  state  legislature  from 
1855  to  1857;  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  thirty-fifth  congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-sixth  congress,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  special  committee  of  thirty- 
three;  joined  the  rebellion  in  1861.  He 
was  the  author  of  Recollections  of  Missis 
sippi  and  the  Mississippians.  He  died  in 
1890. 

DAVIS,  RICHARD  BINGHAM,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  21,  1771,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  the  author  of  numerous  meritori 
ous  poems,  which  were  collected  and  pub 
lished,  with  memoir,  by  John  T.  .Irving. 
He  died  in  1799  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 
DAVIS,  RICHARD  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  'He  graduated 
from  Yale  college  in  1818,  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  from  1841  to  1845. 

DAVIS,  RICHARD  HARDING,  author, 
was  born  in  1864  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is 
a  popular  New  York  writer  whose  first 
book,  Gallegher  and  Other  Stories, 
brought  him  very  suddenly  into  notice  in 
1890.  He  is  the  author  of  Van  Bibber  and 


Others;  The  Princess  Aline;  The  Exiles; 
The  West  from  a  Car  Window;  Our  Eng 
lish  Cousins;  About  Paris;  The  Rulers 
of  the  Mediterranean;  Three  Gringos  in 
Venezuela;  and  Stories  for  Boys. 

DAVIS,  ROBERT  STEWART,  journal 
ist,  was  born  in  1841,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  has  held  the  position  of  editor  of  sev 
eral  newspapers  in  Philadelphia  and  New 
York;  and  in  1883  established  The  Call, 
which  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  popular 
one  cent  papers  in  America. 

DAVIS,  ROBERT  T.,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  28,  1823,  in  County  of  Down, 
Ireland.  He  settled  at  Fall  River,  Mass., 
in  1850;  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1853;  and  state  senator  in 
1859-61.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  Fall 
River  in  1873,  and  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  forty- 
eighth,  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

DAVIS,  ROBERT  W.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  March  15,  1849,  in 
Lee  county,  Ga.  His  father  was  an  ex 
tensive  planter  and  an  eminent  baptist 
divine.  In  1863  he  entered  the  confederate 
service,  and  surrendered  witn  the  army  of 
General  Johnston.  In  1868  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar,  and  soon  took  rank  among 
the  most  eminent  members  of  the  bar  in 
his  native  state.  In  1879  he  moved  to 
Florida,  where  he  now  also  stands  at  the 
head  of  his  profession.  In  18s4  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Florida  state  leg 
islature,  of  which  body  he  was  made 
speaker.  In  1888  he  received  a  very  flat 
tering  vote  as  a  candidate  for  governor. 
He  is  now  serving  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  fifty-fifth  congress  from 
the  second  congressional  district  of  Flor 
ida. 

DAVIS,  ROGER,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1811  to  1815. 

DAVIS,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
in  1803-12,  and  in  1815-16  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature. 

DAVIS.  SAMUEL  B.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Louisiana  from  1853 
to  1855. 

DAVIS,  SAMUEL  POST,  journalist,  was 
born  April  4,  1850,  in  Branford,  Conn. 
He  attended  the  common  schools  and 
graduated  from  the  Racine  college,  Wis 
consin.  He  began  his  literary  career  as 
a  humorous  writer-;  wrote  for  the  New 
York  Sun,  Chicago  Times,  San  Francisco 
Examiner,  New  York  Journal,  and  other 
prominent  newspapers.  He  was  the  first 
writer  to  advocate  the  formation  of  a 
political  party  having  for  its  platform 
the  principles  of  bimetallism  solely,  and 
he  is  the  author  of  several  essays  on  that 
subject.  In  1896  he  was  a  member  of  the 
St.  Louis  bimetallic  convention.  He  is  the 
editor  and  owner  of  the  Carson  Appeal,  of 
Carson  City,  Nev.,  and  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  Short  Stories. 

DAVIS,  SAMUEL  T.,  soldier,  physician, 
legislator,  was  born  March  6,  1838,  in 
Huntingdon  county,  Pa.  He  served  in  the 
civil  war  and  attained  the  rank  of  assist 
ant  adjutant-general.  He  is  a  physician 
of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  and  president  of  the 
state  board  of  health  of  Pennsylvania. 
In  1884  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legis 
lature  and  re-elected  in  1886. 

DAVIS,  SAMUEL  TAYLOR,  D.  D.,  cler 
gyman,  missionary,  was  born  March  4, 
1845,  in  Washington,  Pa.  He  is  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman  and  has  been  largely  en 
gaged  in  mission  work  in  the  United 
States  and  China. 


DAVIS,  SYLVANUS,  pioneer.  He  com 
manded  Fort  Loyal,  Falmouth,  and  after 
a  five  days'  defence  was  obliged  to  sur 
render  it  to  the  French  and  Indians  in 
May,  1690.  He  was  a  counsellor  in  1691- 
92.  He  died  in  1704,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DAVIS,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ireland.  He  emigrated  to  Rhode 
Island,  and  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1853  to  1855. 

DAVIS,  THOMAS  FREDERICK,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1804,  in  Wilming 
ton,  N.  C.  In  1846  he  moved  to  South  Car 
olina,  and  became  rector  of  Grace  church, 
Camden.  He  was  elected  bishop  of  the 
diocese,  and  consecrated  in  St.  John's  cha 
pel,  New  York,  in  1853.  He  died  Dec.  2, 
1871,  in  Camden,  S.  C. 

DAVIS,  THOMAS  KIRBY,  clergyman, 
librarian,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1826  in  Cham- 
bersburg,  Pa.  In  1845  he  graduated  from 
Yale  college;  during  1846-49  he  studied 
theology  at  the  Princeton  Theological 
seminary,  and  has  attained  eminence  as  a 
clergyman  of  the  presbyterian  church.  He 
was  a  home  missionary  in  California  for 
many  years.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in 
Pennsylvania  and  Ohio,  and  is  now  libra 
rian  of  the  Wooster  university.  He  has 
been  professor  of  languages  in  the  Ver 
milion  institute  of  Hayesville,  Ohio;  has 
been  trustee  of  that  institution,  and  also 
of  Wooster  university.  He  has  been  a 
frequent  contributor  to  periodical  liter 
ature. 

DAVIS,  THOMAS  T.,  jurist.  He  was  ap 
pointed  in  1803  United  States  judge  for  the 
territory  of  Indiana. 

DAVIS,  THOMAS  T.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1810,  in 
Middlebury,  Vt.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the  thir 
ty-eighth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He  died  May  2 
1872. 

DAVIS,  THOMAS  W.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Oct.  15,  1850,  in  Uniontown,  Ala.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  commcm 
schools,  and  graduated  from  the  law 
school  of  the  university  of  Alabama.  He 
has  attained  distinction  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  Thomasville,  Ala.,  and  takes  an  active 
part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county 
and  state. 

DAVIS,  THOMAS  WESTON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  15,  1859,  in 
Sturges,  Miss.  He  graduated  from  the 
Rust  university,  and  from  the  Gammon 
Theological  seminary.  He  uas  attained 
prominence  as  one  of  the  leading  divines 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church  in 
Mississippi;  is  an  orator  of  distinction, 
and  the  author  of  From  the  Selling  Block 
to  the  Senate. 

DAVIS,  TIMOTHY,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  March,  1794,  in  Newark. 
N.  J.  He  spent  twenty  years  of  his  life 
in  Missouri,  and  having  removed  to  Iowa, 
was  elected  a  representative  from  that 
state  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

DAVIS,  TIMOTHY,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  12,  1821,  in 
Gloucester,  Mass.  In  1854,  by  an  unusual 
ly  large  majority,  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  his  native 
district,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress. 

DAVIS,  TITUS  ELWOOD,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  15,  1851.  in  Flat- 
bush,  N.  Y.  He  has  edited  several  publi 
cations  and  was  appointed  historian  of 
Washington  Camp  Ground  association. 
He  is  the  author  of  Master's  Call;  First 
Houses  of  Bound  Brook;  Battle  of  Bound 
Brook,  and  other  works. 


288 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DAVIS,  VARINA  ANNE  JEFFERSON, 
author,  was  born  in  1864  in  Virginia.  She 
is  the  author  of  An  Irish  Knight  of  the 
Nineteenth  Century,  a  Sketch  of  Robert 
Emmet;  and  The  Veiled  Doctor.  She  died 
Sept.  19,  1898. 

DAVIS,  WARREN  R.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1793  in  South  Carolina. 
He  was  appointed  solicitor  for  South  Car 
olina  in  1818,  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1825 
to  1835.  He  died  Jan.  29,  1835,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

DAVIS,  WERTER  RENICK,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
April  1.  1818,  in  Circleville,  Ohio.  He  was 
elected  president  of  Baker  university,  but 
afterward  resigned,  and  for  fourteen  con 
secutive  years  was  appointed  to  a  presid 
ing  eldership.  During  the  civil  war  he 
went  to  the  front  as  chaplain  of  the 
twelfth  Kansas  infantry.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  first  state  legislature  of  Kansas. 
DAVIS,  WILLIAM  BRAMWELL,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  July  22,  1832,  in 
Ohio.  He  is  a  physician  and  surgeon  of 
Cincinnati,  and  the  author  of  Report  on 
Vaccination;  Consumption  and  Life  Insur 
ance;  Revaccination;  Intestinal  Obstruc 
tion;  Progress  of  Therapeutics;  and  The 
Alcohol  Question. 

DAVIS,  WILLIAM  HOPE,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1837,  in  Attica, 
N.  Y.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Cincinnati.  Ohio,  and 
subsequently  gradu 
ated  in  medicine.  He 
has  attained  promi 
nence  as  one  of  the 
leading  physicians  of 
the  west,  and  now 
liiis  a  lucrative  prac 
tice  in  Springfield, 
111.  In  1858  he  was 
in  the  government 
employ  as  mail 
agent,  and  took  the 
first  mail  that  was 
ever  taken  across  the  continent.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  board  of  health,  and 
organized  and  was  secretary  of  the  Ec 
lectic  Medical  association  of  Illinois.  He 
was  appointed  secretary  of  the  National 
Medical  association  for  ten  years,  and 
read  papers  before  that  body  on  various 
topics.  In  1892  he  was  appointed  a  mem 
ber  of  the  advisory  council  of  ttie  world's 
congress  of  eclectic  physicians,  and  has 
filled  numerous  other  positions  of  honor 
in  medical  bodies,  and  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  medical  literature. 

DAVIS,  WILLIAM  M.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  that  state  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress. 

DAVIS,  WILLIAM  MORRIS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1850  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  professor  of  physical  geography 
in  Harvard  university,  and  the  author  of 
Nimrod  of  the  Sea,  or  the  American 
Whaleman;  Whirlwinds,  Cyclones,  and 
Tornadoes;  and  Elementary  Meteorology. 
DAVIS,  WILLIAM  WATTS  HART.  He 
is  the  author  of  El  Gringo,  or  New  Mexico 
and  Her  People;  History  of  the  One  Hun 
dred  and  Fourth  Pennsylvania  Regiment; 
Tho  Spanish  Conquest  of  New  Mexico; 
and  History  of  the  Doylestown  Guards. 

DAVIS,  WOODBURY,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  25,  1818,  in  Standish, 
Maine.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  post 
master  of  Portland,  and  relinquished  law 
practice.  He  published  The  Beautiful 
City,  a  religious  book.  He  died  Aug.  15, 
1871,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

DAVISON,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elect 
ed  in  1853  one  of  the  judges  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  state  of  Indiana. 


DAVISON,  GEORGE  MOSBY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  March  23, 
1856,  in  Stanford,  Ky.  In  1881  he  was  ap 
pointed  to  a  position  in  the  internal  rev 
enue  service,  which  he  held  until  1885.  In 
1886  he  was  appointed  master  of  chancery, 
or  commissioner,  of  the  Lincoln  circuit 
court,  and  resigned  in  1893.  In  1887  he  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  from  Lincoln 
county  as  a  republican.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Lincoln  county  court  in  1894, 
and  for  ten  consecutive  years  has  been 
chairman  of  the  Lincoln  county  republi 
can  committee.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

DAVY,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  June  29,  1835,  in  Ontario.  He 
was  elected  district  attorney  for  Monroe 
county  for  three  years;  in  1872  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  customs  for  the  port 
of  Genesee,  which  office  he  held  until  1874. 
when  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

DAWES,  ANNA  LAURENS,  author,  was 
born  in  1851  in  Massachusetts.  She  has 
written  much  for  journals  and  periodicals, 
and  is  the  author  of  How  We  Are  Gov 
erned;  The  Modern  Jew,  His  Present  and 
Future;  and  Biography  of  Charles  Sum- 
ner. 

DAWES,  HENRY  LAURENS,  journal 
ist,  lawyer,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1816,  in  Cum- 
mington,  Mass.  He  edited  a  paper  called 
the  Greenfield  Gazette;  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  Massachusetts  during 
the  years  1848,  1849,  and  1852;  of  the  state 
senate  in  1850,  and  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1853.  He  was  district 
attorney  for  the  western  district  of  his 
native  state,  from  1853  until  elected  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-sixth,  thirty-seventh,  thirty- 
eighth,  thirty-ninth,  fortieth,  forty-first, 
forty-second  and  forty-third  congresses; 
and  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  for 
the  term  commencing  in  1875,  and  was  re- 
elected  for  another  term  of  six  years  for 
term  ending  in  1889. 

DAWES,  JAMES  W.,  merchant,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  8, 
1845,  at  McConnellsville,  Ohio.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1875;  and  was  elected  state  sen 
ator  in  1876.  In  1882  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Nebraska  for  the  term  of  two 
years,  and  was  re-elected  governor  in 
1884. 

DAWES,  RUFUS,  jurist,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1803,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  witty  jurist  of  Massachusetts,  who 
won  notice  both  as  orator  and  poet.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Valley  of  the  Nash- 
away,  and  Other  Poems;  Athena  of  Da 
mascus,  a  tragedy;  Nix's  Mate,  an  Histori 
cal  Romance;  and  Miscellaneous  Poems. 
He  died  Nov.  30,  1859,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

DAWES,  RUFUS  R.,  soldier,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  July  4,  1838,  in 
Malta,  Ohio.  He  entered  the  union  army 
in  1861,  as  captain,  and  served  throughout 
the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  colonel  and 
brevet  brigadier-general.  He  engaged  in 
business  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty- 
seventh  congress  as  a  republican. 

DAWES,  THOMAS,  soldier,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1731,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  mechanic.  During  the 
controversy  with  Great  Britain  he  was 
made  colonel  of  the  Boston  regiment  in 
1773,  serving  until  1778.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  and  of  the  senate,  as  well 
as  state  councillor.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1809. 
In  Boston,  Mass. 


DAWES,  THOMAS,  jurist,  was  born 
July  8,  1757,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Massachu 
setts  from  1792  till  1803,  judge  of  the  mu 
nicipal  court  from  1803  till  1823,  and  judge 
of  probate  until  his  death.  He  published 
an  Oration  on  the  Boston  Massacre;  and 
the  Law  Given  on  Mount  Sinai.  He  died 
July  22,  1827,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DAWES,    THOMAS,    educator,    clergy 
man,  was  born  March  11,  1818,  in  Balti 
more,    Md.      He    attended     the     Chauncy 
___^_.__,       Hall   school   and  the 
public    Latin    school 
of     Boston,      Mass.; 
graduated  from  Har- 
,r  vard     university     in 

1839,  from  the  Divin 
ity  school  in  1842, 
and  has  received  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.  and 
A.  M.  For  six  years 
he  was  a  member  of 
the  school  committee 
of  Boston,  Mass.,  and 
has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  educational  affairs.  He  is 
a  successful  clergyman  of  the  Unitarian 
church,  and  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  has 
filled  a  pastorate  in  Brewster,  Mass. 

DAWES,  WILLIAM,  patriot,  of  Lexing 
ton.  He  was  despatched  to  Lexington, 
with  Paul  Revere,  on  April  18,  1775,  and 
rode  through  Roxbury,  Revere  going  by 
way  of  Charlestown.  In  the  morning  of 
April  19  the  message  from  Warren  reached 
Adams  and  Hancock.  Revere  and  Dawes, 
joined  by  Samuel  Prescott,  from  Concord, 
rode  forward,  calling  the  inhabitants. 

DAWSON,  ANDREW  H.  H.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  orator,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1819,  in 
Cynthiana,  Ky.  For  ten  months  he  spent 
hunting  buffalo  and  fighting  Indians  un 
der  Kit  Carson,  the  renowned  old  hunter. 
He  studied  law  under  Thomas  F.  Mar 
shall,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  set 
tled  in  St.  Louis,  and  subsequently  be 
came  the  leading  lawyer  of  Georgia.  In 
1866  he  moved  to  New  York  city.  He  has 
been  attorney-general  of  Georgia,  assist 
ant  district  attorney  of  New  York  city  and 
county.  He  is  now  engaged  as  a  Mason  in 
editing  an  Analysis  of  the  facts  which 
make  the  full  and  complete  history  of  the 
Maybrick  case. 

DAWSON,  BENJAMIN  FREDERICK, 
surgeon,  inventor,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  June  28,  1847,  in  New  York  city.  He 
invented  a  new  galvanic  battery  for  gal- 
vano-caustic  surgery  in  1876.  In  1868  he 
founded  the  American  Journal  of  Obstet 
rics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children, 
which  he  edited  until  1874. 

DAWSON,  DANIEL  L.,  manufacturer, 
poet,  was  born  in  1855  in  Lewistown,  Pa. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  book  of  poems  en 
titled  The  Seekers  in  the  Marshes,  and 
Other  Poems.  He  died  Oct.  31,  1893. 

DAWSON,  GEORGE,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  March  14,  1813,  in  Scotland.  He 
was  an  influential  Albany  journalist,  edi 
tor  of  the  Evening  Journal  in  1846-77,  and 
author  of  The  Pleasures  of  Angling.  He 
died  in  1883. 

DAWSON,  HENRY  BARTON,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  June  8,  1821,  in 
England.  He  was  an  historical  writer  of 
New  York  city,  editor  of  the  Historical 
Magazine  in  1866-77,  and  editor  of  the 
Federalist,  reprinted  from  the  original 
text.  He  was  the  author  of  Battles  of  the 
United  States  by  Sea  and  Land;  Current 
Fictions  Tested  by  Uncurrent  Facts;  Rut 
gers  against  Waddington;  and  Westches- 
ter  County  in  the  Revolution.  He  died 
May  23,  1889,  in  Morrisania.  N.  Y. 


IIKKKINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


289 


DAWSON,  JOHN,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1762  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1793  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1797  to  1814.  He  rendered  service  in 
the  war  of  1812,  as  aid  to  the  commanding 
general,  on  the  lakes,  and  was  appointed 
bearer  of  dispatches  to  France,  in  1801,  by 
President  Adams.  He  died  March  30,  1814, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

DAWSON,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1800  in  Nashville, 
Tenn.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Louisiana  from  1841  to  1845; 
and  had  repeatedly  served  in  the  legis 
lature  of  Louisiana.  He  was  a  militia 
general  of  the  state,  and  was  judge  of 
the  parish  court  in  which  he  resided  be 
fore  his  election  to  congress.  He  died 
June  26,  1845,  at  St.  Francisville,  La. 

DAWSON,  JOHN  LITTLETON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1813,  in 
Uniontown,  Pa.  He  was  appointed  in 
1845  United  States  attorney  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  thirty-second  and  thirty- 
third  congresses.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress,  and  was  the 
author  of  the  homestead  bill,  which  passed 
in  1854.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Balti 
more  conventions  of  1844,  1848,  and  1860, 
and  to  the  Cincinnati  convention  of  1856. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1864  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
New  York  convention  of  1868.  He  died 
Sept.  18,  1870,  in  Fayette  county,  Pa. 

DAWSON,  SAMUEL  KENNEDY,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1818,  in  Fayette  county, 
Pa.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  pro 
moted  to  be  brevet  colonel,  and  subse 
quently  brevet  brigadier-general.  He 
died  April  17,  1889,  in  Orange,  N.  J. 

DAWSON,  THOMAS,  college  president. 
He  was  president  of  William  and  Mary 
college  from  1755  to  1761. 

DAWSON,  WILLIAM,  college  president, 
was  born  in  1707  in  Virginia.  He  was 
elected  master  of  the  grammar  school  in 
William  and  Mary  college,  chaplain  of 
the  house  of  burgesses;  and  in  1752  presi 
dent  of  the  college.  He  died  Sept.  19,  1755. 
DAWSON,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  March  17,  1848,  in  New  Madrid, 
Mo.  He  was  elected  in  1878  to  the  lower 
house  of  the  general  assembly  of  Missouri, 
and  re-elected  in  1880  and  1882.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a 
democrat,  and  declined  renomination. 

DAWSON,  WILLIAM  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  4,  1798,  in  Greene  county,  Ga.  Sev 
eral  times  he  was 
senator  and  repre 
sentative  in  the 
Georgia  legislature; 
and  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress 
from  Georgia,  from 
1837  to  1842.  In 
1845  he  was  appoint 
ed  judge  of  the  Ock- 
mulgee  circuit.  From 
1849  to  1855  he  was 
a  senator  of  the 
United  States.  He 
died  May  5.  1856,  in  Georgia. 

DAWSON,  WILLIAM  J.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1793  to  1795. 

DAY,  GEORGE  EDWARD,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  March  19,  1815, 
in  Pittsfleld,  Mass.  In  1866  he  was  ap 
pointed  professor  of  the  Hebrew  language, 
literature,  and  biblical  theology  in  the 
theological  department  of  Yale.  He  ed 

19 


ited  the  Theological  Eclectic  from  1863  till 
1871.  He  was  a  contributor  to  Smith's 
Bible  Dictionary,  and  has  published  ar 
ticles  in  periodicals  and  Reports  on  the 
Instruction  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. 

DAY,  GEORGE  TIFFANY,  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1822,  in  Con 
cord,  N.  Y.  He  was  editor-in-chief  of  the 
Morning  Star,  a  free-will  baptist  weekly 
paper,  published  in  Dover,  N.  H.,  and 
afterward  removed  to  Boston.  He  died 
May  21,  1875,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

DAY,  HANNIBAL,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1804,  in  Vermont.  He  commanded  a  bri 
gade  of  the  fifth  corps  in  the  Pennsylvania 
campaign  in  1863,  taking  part  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Gettysburg.  In  1865  he  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  for  long  service. 
He  died  March  25,  1891,  in  Morristown, 
N.  J. 

DAY,  HENRY,  lawyer,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1820,  in  South  Hadley,  Mass.  He 
was  formerly  devoted  to  the  old  school 
branch  of  the  presbyterian  church;  earn 
estly  advocated  unio,n  between  the  old  and 
new  schools;  and  when  this  was  effected, 
in  1869,  he  drafted  the  articles.  He  wrote 
much  for  publication,  among  his  works 
being  The  Lawyer  Abroad;  and  From  the 
Pyrenees  to  the  Pillars  of  Hercules.  He 
died  Jan.  9,  1893,  in  New  York  city. 

DAY,  HENRY  NOBLE,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  in  1808 
in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman,  for  many  years  a  western  rail 
way  president,  and  president  of  Ohio  Fe 
male  college,  1858-64.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Art  of  Rhetoric,  reprinted  as  Art  of 
Discourse;  Elements  of  Logic;  Science 
of  ^Esthetics;  The  Art  of  Elocution;  Rhe 
torical  Praxis;  Logical  Praxis;  Science  of 
Thought;  Elements  of  Mental  Science; 
The  Logic  of  Sir  William  Hamilton;  In 
troduction  to  the  Study  of  English  Litera 
ture,  which  include  the  greater  number  of 
his  writings. 

•  DAY,  HORACE  H.,  manufacturer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  in*813.  He  was  iden 
tified  with  the  india-rubber  trade  from  its 
inception,  and  was  involved  in  lawsuits 
with  Charles  Goodyear  on  his  rubber  pat 
ents.  He  died  Aug.  23,  1878,  in  Manches 
ter,  N.  H. 

DAY,  JAMES  ROSCOE,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1845,  in 
Whitneyville,  Maine.  He  is  a  noted  cler 
gyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church 
and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Portland,  Bos 
ton  and  New  York.  Since  1893  he  has 
been  chancellor  of  the  Syracuse  univer 
sity. 

DAY,  JEREMIAH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  26,  1738,  in  Colchester, 
Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Connecticut,  whose  Sermons  Col 
lected  were  issued  in  1797.  He  died  Sept. 
12.  1806,  in  Connecticut. 

DAY,  JEREMIAH,  mathematician,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1773,  in  New  Preston,  Conn.  He  was  a 

noted  mathematician 

who  was  president  of 
Yale  college,  1S17- 
46.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Introduction 
to  Algebra;  Mensu 
ration  of  Superficies 
and  Solids;  Examin 
ation  of  Edwards's 
Freedom  of  the  Will; 
Plane  Trigonometry; 
Navigation  and  Sur 
veying;  and  Inquiry 
Respecting  the  Self- 
Determining  Power  of  the  Will  and  Con 
tingent  Volition.  He  died  Aug.  22.  1867, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 


DAY,  MAHLON,  publisher,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1790,  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.  He  acquired  wealth  as  a  pub 
lisher  and  for  fifteen  years  before  his 
death  had  devoted  his  life  to  charitable 
and  educational  objects.  He  died  at  sea 
Sept.  27,  1854. 

DAY,  MARTHA,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  13, 
1813,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  She  attained 
great  proficiency  in  mathematics  and  the 
languages,  and  wrote  poetry  of  merit. 
Her  Literary  Remains,  with  memorials  of 
her  life  and  character,  was  published  in 
1834.  She  died  Dec.  2,  1833,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

DAY,  RICHARD  EDWIN,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  April  27,  1852,  in  Granby, 
N.  Y.  Since  1880  he  has  been  on  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  the  Syracuse  Daily  Stand 
ard.  He  is  the  author  of  Lines  in  the 
Sand;  Thor,  a  Lyrical  Drama;  Lyrics  and 
Satires;  and  Poems. 

DAY,  ROWLAND,  congressman.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly 
in  1816  and  1817,  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1823  to 
1825,  and  again  from  1833  to  1835. 

DAY,  RUFUS,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1803,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
is  the  author  of  several  volumes  of  poems, 
the  most  notable  of  which  were  Geraldine, 
and  Ode  on  the  Death  of  Walter  Scott. 

DAY,  SAMUEL  D.,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  March  2,  1811,  in  Berkshire 
county,  Ind.  He  was  a  practicing  physi 
cian  of  Shelbyville,  Ind.,  for  fifty  years, 
and  attained  a  celebrity  which  has  not 
been  confined  to  his  own  county. 

DAY,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  July  6,  1777,  in  New  Preston, 
Conn.  He  was  judge  of  the  city  court  of 
Hartford  from  1818  to  1831;  and  was  one 
of  the  committee  to  prepare  the  stat 
utes  of  1808,  1821,  and  1824.  He  reported 
the  decisions  of  the  court  of  errors,  from 
1805  to  1853,  published  in  twenty  volumes. 
He  was  an  original  member  ot  the  Con 
necticut  Historical  society,  and  president 
of  it  from  1839  till  his  death.  He  died 
March  1,  1855,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

DAY,  TIMOTHY  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  that  state  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress. 

DAY,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  June  11,  1850,  in  Wilmington, 
Del.  He  was  twice  elected  corporation 
counsel  of  Champaign,  served  two  terms 
as  a  representative  in  the  Illinois  state 
legislature,  and  in  1883  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Champaign  for  the  term  of  two 
years. 

DAY,  WILLIAM  HOWARD,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1831,  in  New 
York.  In  1860  he  became  editor  of  The 
Standard  and  Review  of  New  York  city; 
in  1866  was  ordained  an  elder  in  the  Vir 
ginia  conference,  and  in  1884  was  elected 
presiding  elder  of  the  Baltimore  district. 
He  is  now  intellectual  instructor  of  con 
ferences  and  supervisor  of  missions. 

DAY,  WILSON  MILES,  journalist,  pub 
lisher,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1850,  in  Clarion. 
Pa.  He  was  night  editor  of  the  Cleveland 
Leader,  and  editor  of  the  Iron  Trade  Re 
view  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

DAYAN,  CHARLES,  educator,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
July  16,  1792,  in  Amsterdam,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1831  to  1833,  and  a  state 
senator  in  1827  and  1828.  He  was  acting 
lieutenant-governor  in  1829;  a  member  of 
the  assembly  in  1835  and  1836,  and  was 
also  district  attorney  for  Lewis  county  for 
five  years.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1877.  in  Low- 
ville,  N.  Y. 


290 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DAYTON,  ALSTON  GORDON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1857,  In 
Philippi,  W.  Va.  In  1879  he  was  ap 
pointed  to  fill  out  an  unexpired  term  as 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Upshur  county, 
W.  Va.,  and  was  elected  and  served  as 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Harbour  county 
for  a  four-years'  term  beginning  Jan.  1, 
1884.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

DAYTON,  AMOS  COOPER,  clergyman, 
author  was  born  Sept.  4,  1813,  in  Plain- 
field,  N.  J.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman 
and  physician  of  Tennessee,  whose  novel 
Theodosia,  or  the  Heroine  of  Faith,  was 
very  popular.  His  other  works  comprise 
The  Infidel's  Daughter,  a  novel;  Baptist 
Facts  and  Methodist  Fiction;  Baptist 
Question  Book;  Children  Brought  to 
Christ;  and  Pedobaptist  and  Campbellite 
Immersion.  He  died  June  11.  1865,  in 
Perry,  Ga. 

DAYTON,  ELIAS,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1735,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 
He  was  a  major-general  of  militia,  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1787  to  1788.  He  died  in  July,  1807, 
in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 

DAYTON,  JONATHAN,  statesman,  was 
born  Oct.  16,  1760,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  convention,  in 
1787,  which  formed  the  constitution,  and 
signed  that  instrument.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1791  to  1799; 
speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives 
from  1795  to  1797,  and  was  a  senator  of 
the  United  States  from  New  Jersey  from 
1799  to  1805.  He  died  Oct.  9,  1824,  in 
Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 

DAYTON,  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1807,  in  Baskicg- 
ridge,  N.  J.  He  was 
a  member  of  the 
state  senate  of  New 
Jersey  in  1837;  was 
appointed  one  of  the 
justices  of  the  supe 
rior  court  of  the 
state  in  1838,  and  re 
signed  in  1841.  He 
was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  1842 
to  1851;  and  in  1856 
was  the  republican 
candidate  for  vice- 
president  on  the  ticket  with  J.  C.  Fremont. 
In  1857  he  was  appointed  attorney-general 
of  New  Jersey,  which  office  he  held  until 
1861,  when  he  was  appointed  a  minister 
to  France.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1864,  in  Paris, 
France. 

DAYTON,  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  was  born 
April  13,  1839,  in  Trenton,  N.  J.  He  was 
secretary  to  the  governor  of  New  Jersey 
from  1865  to  1868.  He  was  president  of 
the  common  council  of  Trenton  from  1876 
to  1879;  city  solicitor  from  1879  to  1881; 
and  in  1882  was  appointed  United  States 
minister  resident  at  The  Hague,  Nether 
lands,  serving  until  1885.  In  1896  he  was 
appointed  a  judge  of  the  court  of  errors 
and  appeals,  and  his  term  will  expire  In 
1902. 

DEADY,  MATTHEW  P.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  May 
12,  1824,  near  Easton,  Md.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  legisla 
ture  of  Oregon  and  in  1851  to  the  upper 
house,  serving  as  president.  In  1853  he 
was  appointed  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  territory,  serving  until 
the  state  was  established,  when  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  United  States  dis 
trict  court  for  Oregon.  In  1857  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  constitutional 


convention  which  formed  the  state  consti 
tution,  and  was  president  of  that  body. 
In  1862  and  1864,  by  authority  of  the  leg 
islature,  he  prepared  the  Codes  of  Crim 
inal  and  Civil  Procedure,  and  the  Penal 
Code  of  the  State;  and  in  1865  published 
the  General  Laws  of  the  State,  and  assist 
ed  in  the  same  work  In  1874. 

DE  AHNA,  EDWARD  MANFRED, 
journalist,  was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  is  the  son  of  Col.  H.  C.  De  Ahna,  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  and  civil  engineer. 
He  is  the  publisher  and  manager  of  The 
Anchor  of  Sequin,  Texas. 

DEALY,  PATRICK  F.,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  lecturer,  was  born  April  7, 
1827,  in  Ireland.  He  has  been  president  of 
St.  John's  college  of  Fordham,  N.  Y.  In 
1882  he  founded  the  Fordham  College 
Monthly.  He  died  Dec.  22,  1891,  in  New 
York  city. 

DEAN,  AMOS,  lawyer,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  16,  1803,  in  Barnaru,  Vt.  He  was  a 
jurist  of  Albany,  and  the  author  of  Lec 
tures  on  Phrenology;  Manual  of  Law; 
Philosophy  of  Human  Life;  Medical  Juris 
prudence;  Bryant  and  Stratton's  Commer 
cial  Law;  and  History  of  Civilization.  He 
died  in  1868. 

DEAN,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1824, 
in  England.  He  moved  to  Boston,  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate  in  1862,  1863 
and  1869,  and  successfully  contested  the 
seat  of  Walbridge  A.  Field  as  a  repre 
sentative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress,  and  took  his  seat  in  1878. 

DEAN,  EZRA,  congressman,  was  born 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1»41  to  1845. 

DEAN,  GILBERT,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1819,  in  Plea 
sant  Valley,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  In 
congress  from  New 
York  from  1851  to 
1853.  He  was  re-. 
I.elected  for  a  second 
term  but  resigned,  in 
1855,  to  accept  the 
office  of  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the 
state,  and  in  1862 
was  elected  to  the 
assembly.  He  died 
Oct.  12,  1870,  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

DEAN,  HENRY  MUNSON;  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1836,  in  Canaan, 
Conn.  He  was  a  surgeon  in  the  United 
States  army  during  the  civil  war.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Iowa  and  Illinois 
Central  Medical  association;  and  of  the 
Muscatine  Academy  of  Medicine. 

DEAN,  JAMES,  educator,  was  born  Nov. 
26,  1776,  in  Windsor,  Vt.  He  was  pro 
fessor  in  the  university  of  Vermont,  hold 
ing  that  office  from  1821  till  1824.  He 
published  a  Gazetteer  of  Vermont;  and  an 
address  delivered  on  his  induction  as  pro 
fessor.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1849,  in  Burling 
ton,  Vt. 

DEAN,  JOHN,  physician,  author,  was 
born  in  1831,  in  Massachusetts.  He  was 
a  physician  who  published  Microscopic 
Anatomy  of  the  Lumbar  Enlargement  of 
the  Spinal  Cord;  and  Gray  Substance  of 
the  Medulla  Oblongata.  He  died  in  1888. 

DEAN,  JOHN  WARD,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  13,  1815,  in  Wisca- 
set,  Maine.  He  was  vice-president  of  the 
American  Statistical  association,  and  its 
recording  secretary  during  1860-72.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Prince  so 
ciety  in  1858,  and  for  ten  years  was  its 
president.  He  is  now  the  librarian  of  the 
New  England  Historic-Genealogical  so 


ciety  of  Boston,  Mass.;  has  been  the  sole 
editor  of  the  New  England  Historical  and 
Genealogical  Register  since  1876;  the  ed 
itor  of  The  New  England  Bibliopolist 
since  1880.  He  is  the  author  of  Memoir 
of  Nathaniel  Ward;  Memoir  of  Michael 
Wigglesworth;  Life  of  John  H.  Shep- 
pard;  Life  of  William  Blanchard  Towne; 
Brief  Memoir  of  Giles  Firmin;  and  The 
Embarkation  of  Cromwell  for  New  Eng 
land. 

DEAN,  JOSIAH,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  16,  1748,  in  Bayn- 
ham,  Mass.  He  was  a  presidential  elector 
in  1805;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1807  to 
1809.  From  1804  to  1807  he  was  a  state 
senator;  and  in  1810  and  1811  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature.  He  died  Oct. 
14,  1818. 

DEAN  JULIA,  actress,  was  born  July 
22,  1830,  in  Pleasant  Valley,  N.  Y.  She  ap 
peared  first  as  Lady  Ellen  in  The  Lady  of 
the  Lake,  during  1845,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 
She  died  March  6,  1868,  in  New  York  city. 

DEAN,  OLIVER  HAYES,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  1845,  in  Washingtonville,  Pa.  He 
Is  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Warner, 
Dean  and  Hageman,  Kansas  City,  Mo.; 
and  is  one  of  the  leading  members  of  his 
profession  in  his  state. 

DEAN,  PAUL,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1789  in  Barnard,  Vt.  He  was  a 
Unitarian  clergyman,  pastor  in  Boston,  in 
1813-40,  and  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
Final  Restoration.  He  died  Oct.  1,  1860, 
in  Framingham,  Mass. 

DEAN,  RICHARD  E.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1862,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  city  and  Iowa,  and  took  a  course  in 
journalism  in  a  college  at  Detroit.  He  has 
written  extensively  both  prose  and  verse 
for  the  periodical  press,  and  is  well  known 
as  an  Iowa  poet. 

DEAN,  SIDNEY,  manufacturer,  clergy 
man,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1818, 
in  Glastonbury,  Conn.  He  served  one 
year  in  the  legislature  of  Connecticut;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  in  1855,  and  re-elected  in 
1857. 

DEAN,  WALTER  L.,  artist,  was  born 
in  1854  in  Lowell,  Mass.  His  principal 
paintings  are:  The  Dutch  Fishing  Creek; 
Summer  Day  on  the 
|  Dutch  Shore;  and 
he  exhibited  at  the 
World's  Columbian 
exposition  a  large 
marine  paint 
ing  entitled  Peace, 
which  attracted  fa 
vorable  notice.  He 
has  exhibited  at  the 
principal  expositions 
in  America  and  Eu 
rope,  and  has  re- 
c  e  i  v  e  d  numerous 
medals  from  the  leading  art  expositions. 
DEAN,  WILLIAM,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  June  21,  1807,  in  Eaton,  N.  Y. 
He  is  the  author  of  Revision  of  the  Penta 
teuch;  Commentary  on  Matthew;  Com 
mentary  on  Genesis;  Commentary  on 
Mark;  Commentary  on  Exodus;  Stow's 
Daily  Manna;  and  smaller  tracts. 

DEANE,  CHARLES,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  10,  1813,  in  Biddeford,  Maine.  He 
was  an  antiquarian  writer  of  Cambridge, 
who  published  Some  Notices  of  Samuell 
Gorton,  with  Memoir;  First  Plymouth 
Patent;  and  edited  Bradford's  History  of 
Plymouth  Plantation;  John  Smith's  True 
Relation  of  Virginia,  and  other  specimens 
of  early  American  literature.  He  died 
Nov.  13,  1889,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


291 


DEANE,  GARDNER  ANDRUS  ARM 
STRONG,  soldier,  was  born  June  23,  1840, 
in  Franklin.  Mass.  He  served  through 
the  civil  war;  and  received  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  la  1891  he  accepted 
the  position  of  land  commissioner  of  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  and  Southern, 
and  Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith  rail 
roads,  at  Frankfort,  Kan. 

DEANE,  JAMES,  physician,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1801,  in  Coler- 
aine,  Mass.  In  1835  he  made  public  his 
discovery  of  the  fossil  footprints  in  the 
red  sandstone  of  the  Connecticut  valley; 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  engaged 
in  publishing  an  illustrated  work  upon 
the  subject,  the  result  of  twenty-four 
years'  investigation  and  labor.  He  died 
June  8,  1858,  in  Greenfield,  Mass. 

DEANE,  JOHN  H.,  soldier,  lawyer,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  in  Canada.  He  has 
been  especially  distinguished  for  his  gifts 
to  benevolent  institutions  under  the  con 
trol  of  baptists.  To  Rochester  university 
he  has  given  $100,000,  besides  considerable 
sums  to  the  Rochester  Theological  semin 
ary  and  to  Vassar  college. 

DEANE,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  30,  1784,  in  Mansfield, 
Mass.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of 
Scituate,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of  The 
Populous  Village,  a  poem;  History  of 
Scituate.  He  died  in  August,  1834. 

DEANE,  SILAb,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1737, 
in  Groton,  Conn.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
congress  in  1774;  and  a  diplomatist,  who, 
with  Franklin  and  Lee,  negotiated  a 
treaty  of  peace  and  amity  t>p*ween  France 
and  the  United  States.'  He  was  the  author 
of  Letters  to  Robert  Morgan;  and  Paris 
Papers,  or  Mr.  Silas  Deane's  Late  Inter 
cepted  Letters  to  His  Brother  and  Other 
Friends.  He  died  Aug.  23,  1789,  in  Eng 
land. 

DEANE,  WILLIAM  REED,  antiquarian, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1809,  in  Mans 
field,  Mass.  He  was  an  antiquary  of 
Mansfield,  Mass.,  who  published  gene 
alogies  of  the  families  of  Deane,  Leonard, 
and  Watson.  He  died  June  16,  1871,  in 
Mansfield,  Mass. 

DEARBORN,  BENJAMIN,  educator,  in 
ventor,  was  born  in  1755  in  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.  He  opened  an  academy  for  girls; 
and  in  1790  he  removed  his  school  to 
Boston.  He  was  the  inventor  of  the 
spring  balance.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1838,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

DEARBORN,  HENRY,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1751, 
in  Northampton,  N.  H.  In  1789  Wash 
ington  appointed  him  marshal  of  the  dis 
trict  of  Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1793  to 
1797.  In  1801  he  was  appointed  secretary 
of  war,  and  held  the  office  till  1809,  when 
he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  collector 
of  Boston.  In  1812  he  received  a  commis 
sion  as  senior  major-general  in  the  army 
of  the  United  States.  He  died  in  1829  in 
Roxbury,  Mass. 

DEARBORN,  HENRY  ALEXANDER 
SCAMMELL,  soldier,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  3,  1783,  in  Exeter, 
N.  H.  In  1812  he  was  brigadier  of  militia, 
and  had  the  command  of  the  troops  in 
Boston  harbor;  in  1821  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  for  revising  the  constitu 
tion  of  Massachusetts;  and  in  1829  was  a 
representative  in  the  legislature  from 
Roxbury;  and  the  following  year  a  state 
senator.  From  1831  to  1833  he  was  a 
representative  in  congress;  and  was  soon 
appointed  adjutant-general  of  Massachu 
setts,  and  continued  in  that  office  till  1843. 
In  1847  he  was  chosen  mayor  of  Roxbury, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  death.  He 
died  July  29,  1851,  in  Portland,  Maine. 


DEARBORN,  NATHANIEL,  engraver, 
author,  was  born  in  1786.  He  was  one  of 
the  earliest  engravers  on  wood  in  Boston, 
and  published  The  American  Text-Book 
for  Making  Letters;  Boston  Notions;  An 
Account  of  That  Village  from  1630  to  1847; 
Reminiscences  of  Boston,  and  Guide 
through  the  City  and  Environs;  and 
Guide  through  Mount  Auburn.  He  died 
Nov.  7,  1852,  in  South  Reading,  Mass. 

DE  ARMON,  DAVID  A.,  jurist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
18,  1844,  in  Blair  county,  Pa.  He 
was  presidential  elector  in  1884;  was 
state  senator,  circuit  judge,  and  Missouri 
supreme  court  commissioner;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  and 
fifty-fourth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

DEARTH,  ELMER  H.,  journalist,  in 
surance  commissioner,  was  born  June  6, 
1859,  in  Sangerville,  Maine.  After  gradu- 

ating    in    1878   from 

..^^^HMi  Foxcroft  academy  of 
Maine,  he  taught 
school  for  two  years. 
He  then  began  an 
active  career  in  the 
f  _  newspaper  profes 
sion  with  The  Ban- 
gor  Daily  Whig  and 
Courier;  and  in  1883 
became  connected 
with  The  Pioneer 
Press  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.  For  two  years 
he  was  editor  and  business  manager  of 
The  Independent  of  Henderson;  and  for 
four  years  prior  to  1890  was  the  editor 
and  proprietor  of  The  LeSueur  News.  In 
1889  he  received  the  appointment  of  dep 
uty  insurance  commissioner  of  the  state. 
In  this  new  post  he  soon  developed  a  large 
amount  of  executive  ability,  and  he  filled 
it  with  great  credit  to  himself  and  honor 
to  the  insurance  department.  He  re 
signed  this  office  at  the  end  of  three  years 
to  accept  a  position  with  the  Equitable 
Life  Assurance  society  of  New  York  city, 
N.  Y.  In  1897  he  received  from  Governor 
Clough  the  appointment  of  insurance  com 
missioner  of  Minnesota. 

DEAS,  CHARLES,  painter,  was  born  in 
1818,  in  Philadelphia.  Among  his  more 
important  pictures  that  have  become 
widely  known  through  engravings  are 
The  Turkey  Shoot;  Walking  the  Chalk; 
Long  Jake;  The  Wounded  Pawnee;  In 
dian  Guide;  A  Group  of  Sioux;  Hunters 
on  the  Prairie;  and  The  Last  Shot.  His 
Council  of  the  Shawnees  at  North  Bend 
portrays  an  incident  in  the  life  of  Gen. 
George  Rogers  Clarke.  He  died  while  in 
sane. 

DEAVITT,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON, 
lawyer,  financier,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1840, 
in  Richmond,  Vt.  In  1866  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  Vermont 
bar;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Ver 
mont  constitutional 
convention.  He  has 
been  superintendent 
of  schools;  justice 
of  the  peace;  and 
president  of  the  Cap 
itol  Savings  Bank 
and  Trust  company 
since  its  organiza 
tion  in  1891.  He  is 
the  manager  and 
treasurer  of  the  Watchman  Publishing 
company;  and  a  director  in  several  other 
corporations.  He  has  given  considerable 
attention  to  commercial  law,  and  has 
made  and  edited  several  Digests  of  Ver 
mont  Laws.  He  has  a  large  patent  and 
pension  office  practice  at  Montpelier,  Vt. 


DE  BARDELEBEN,  HENRY  F.,  finan 
cier,  was  born  in  1840,  in  Prattville,  Ala. 
He  was  vice-president  of  the  St.  Louis 
Trust  Co.  The  annual  Veiled  Prophet's 
show  in  St.  Louis  was  organized  by  him, 
among  others,  and  he  belongs  to  the  St. 
Louis  and  University  clubs  and  the  Mer 
chants'  exchange. 

DEBERRY,  EDMUND,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  14,  1787,  in  Mount  Gilead, 
N.  C.  In  1806  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature,  and  continued  to  serve 
there,  with  occasional  intermissions,  until 
j.c28.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  North  Carolina  from  1829  to  1831, 
from  1833  to  1845,  and  again  from  1849  to 
1851.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1859,  in  Mount 
Gilead,  N.  C. 

DB  BLOIS,  AUSTIN  KENNEDY,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Dec.  17, 

1866,  in  Nova  Scotia.    He  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work,  and  in  1894  became  presi 
dent  of  Shurtliff  college  of  Upper  Alton, 
111. 

DEBOE,  WILLIAM  J.,  physician,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  corn  in 
1849,  in  Crittenden  county,  Ky.  He  has 
served  seven  years  as  a  member  of  the 
republican  state  central  committee  and 
was  a  member  of  the  state  campaign  com 
mittee  in  1896.  In  1893  he  was  elected 
state  senator  for  a  term  of  four  years. 
He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  after  one  of  the  most  sensational  and 
memorable  sessions  of  the  legislature  of 
the  state.  His  term  of  service  will  ex 
pire  March  3,  1903. 

DE  BOLT,  REZIN  A.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  20, 
1828,  in  Fairfield  county,  Ohio.  He  re 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1858;  and  was  for 
two  years  a  commissioner  of  public 
schools.  He  entered  the  volunteer  army 
as  a  captain;  and  re-entered  the  army  in 
1864  as  a  major.  He  was  elected  circuit 
judge,  and  continued  in  the  office  until 
elected  a  representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

DE  BOW,  JAMES  DUNWOODY 
BROWNSON,  lawyer,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  July  10, 1820,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  was  professor  of  political  economy  and 
commercial  statistics  in  the  university  of 
Louisiana  in  1848;  and  was  for  three 
years  at  the  head  of  the  census  bureau  of 
Louisiana.  In  1853  he  was  appointed  su 
perintendent  of  the  United  States  census; 
was  president  of  the  commercial  conven 
tion  at  Knoxville  in  1857;  contributed 
several  articles  to  the  Encyclopedia  Bri- 
tannica;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Louisiana  Historical  society,  now  the 
Academy  of  Science.  He  was  the  author 
of  Encyclopedia  of  the  Trade  and  Com 
merce  of  the  United  States;  The  South 
ern  States,  Their  Agriculture.  Commerce, 
etc.:  Industrial  Resources  of  the  South 
west;  and  Compendium  of  the  Seventh 
United  States  Census.  He  died  Feb.  27. 

1867,  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

DEBS,  EUGENE  VICTOR,  legislator, 
labor  leader,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1855,  in 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.  He  commenced  life  as 
a  locomotive  fireman;  became  general' 
secretary  of  the  Brotherhood  of  Locomo 
tive  Firemen,  and  edited  its  periodical. 
He  ultimately  became  president  of  the 
American  Railway  union,  which  was 
merged  into  the  Social  Democracy  of 
America,  of  which  he  is  still  president.  In 
1889  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  In 
diana  state  legislature.  His  name  has 
become  known  throughout  the  United 
States  as  the  champion  of  the  rights  ot 
labor. 


292 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DE  CAMP,  JOHN,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1812,  in  New  Jersey.  He  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  commodore  in 
1866,  commanded  the  store-ship  Potomac 
at  the  Pensacola  navy-yard  during  1866- 
67,  and  the  receiving-ship  Potomac  at 
Philadelphia  during  1868-69,  and  was  re 
tired  in  1870  with  the  rank  of  rear-ad 
miral.  He  died  June  25,  1875,  in  Burling 
ton,  N.  J. 

DECATUR,  STEPHEN,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Jan.  5,  1779,  in  Sinneputent,  Md. 
He  entered  the  navy  at  the  age  of  nine 
teen,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  commodore. 
He  died  in  1820. 

DE  CHARMS,  RICHARD,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1796,  in  Piiila- 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Swedenborgian 
clergyman  of  Baltimore  and  New  \ork 
city;  and  the  author  of  Freedom  and 
Slavery  in  the  Light  of  the  New  Jeru 
salem;  The  New  Churchman  Extra;  and 
Lectures  at  Charlestown.  He  died  March 
20,  1864. 

DECHERT,  HENRY  M.,  lawyer,  finan 
cier,  was  born  March  11,  1832,  in  Read 
ing,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  Yale  college 
and  has  attained  distinction  as  a  great 
lawyer  and  financier  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  the  president  of  The  Commonwealth 
Title,  Insurance  and  Trust  company  of 
Philadelphia,  composed  of  lawyers  and 
conveyancers  only.  He  is  also  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Asylum 
for  Chronic  Insane;  and  has  occupied 
many  positions  of  honor  in  his  city, 
county  and  state. 

DECKER,  ROBERT  M.,  artist,  was  born 
June  8,  1847,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  a  landscape  painter. 

DE  COSTA.  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  July  10, 
1831,  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  He  is  a  prom 
inent  episcopal  clergyman  of  New  York 
city,  well  known  as  an  historical  writer. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Pre-Columbian 
Discovery  of  America,  Illustrated  by 
translations  from  the  Icelandic  Sagas; 
The  Northmen  in  Maine;  The  Moabite 
Stone;  Verrazano,  the  Explorer;  The 
Rector  of  Roxburgh,  a  novel;  and  a  num 
ber  of  historical  monographs. 

DE  COURSEY,  SAMUEL  GERALD, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1839, 
in  Queenstown,  Md.  In  1895  he  became 
president  of  the  Western  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania  railroad. 

DEEMS,  CHARLES  FORCE,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  4,  1820,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a 
methodist  clergyman,  prominent  for  many 
years  in  New  York  city  as  pastor  of  the 
Church  of  the  Strangers.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  several  different  colleges  in  the 
south.  He  was  the  author  of  Triumphs  of 
Peace,  and  Other  Poems;  Home  Altar; 
Twelve  College  Sermons;  Life  of  Dr. 
Adam  Clarke;  Devotional  Melodies; 
Weights  and  Wings;  The  Light  of  the 
Nations;  The  Gospel  of  Common  Sense 
as  Contained  In  the  Epistle  of  James;  The 
Gospel  of  Spiritual  Insight;  A  Scotch  Ver 
dict  in  Re-Evolution;  My  Septuagint, 
which  comprise  the  larger  number  of  his 
writings.  He  died  in  1893. 

DEERE,  CHARLES  H.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  March  28,  1835,  In  Vermont. 
His  companies  are  Deere  and  Co.,  or  the 
Moline  Plow  works,  and  the  Deere  and 
Mansur  Co.  He  held  the  office  of  the  pres 
ident  of  the  board  of  labor  statistics  of 
the  state;  was  presidential  elector  dur 
ing  the  first  Harrison  campaign;  and 
served  as  state  commissioner  to  the 
World's  Columbian  exposition. 


DEERING,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1833,  in 
Saco,  Maine.  Since  1867  he  has  been  en 
gaged  in  the  southern  pine  lumber  busi 
ness  and  in  building  vessels.  In  1883  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  Portland,  Maine; 
and  in  1894  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress. 

DEERING,  NATHANIEL,  author,  was 
born  June  25,  1791,  in  Maine.  He  was  the 
author  of  Carabasset,  a  tragedy;  The 
Clairvoyants,  a  comedy  performed  both 
in  Portland  and  Boston;  and  Bozzarls,  a 
tragedy.  He  died  in  1881  in  Portland, 
Maine. 

DEERING,  NATHANIEL  C.,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1827,  in  Denmark, 
Maine.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1855  and  1856.  He 
removed  to  Osage,  Iowa,  in  1857;  was  a 
clerk  in  the  United  States  senate  for  sev 
eral  years;  and  then  a  special  agent  of 
the  postoffice  department,  serving  until 
1869.  He  was  a  national  bank  examiner 
from  1872  to  1877;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Iowa  to  the  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth,  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

DEERING,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer, 
financier,  philanthropist,  was  born  April 
24,  1826,  in  Oxford  county,  Maine.  Con 
trolling  a  good  patent  and  pushing  his 
business  with  spirit,  he  found  himself,  in 
1880,  compelled  to  move  the  works  to 
Chicago  and  build  a  larger  plant.  In  1894 
the  old  firm  of  William  Deering  and  Co. 
took  out  a  charter  as  the  Deering  Har 
vester  Co.,  of  which  he  is  controlling  pro 
prietor. 

DE  FONTAINE,  FELIX,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1832  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  Charleston  during 
the  civil  war,  but  subsequently,  and  for 
the  greater  part  of  his  career,  on  the 
staff  of  the  New  York  Herald.  He  was 
the  author  of  Gleanings  from  a  Confeder 
ate  Army  Notebook;  Army  Letters  of 
Personne,  1861-1865;  and  News  from  the 
Front.  He  died  In  1896. 

DE  FOREST,  HENRY  W.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1855,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1889  he  became  president  of 
the  New  Jersey  and  New  York  railroad. 

DE  FOREST,  JESSE,  was  born  about 
1575  in  France.  He  was  the  first  settler 
of  New  Amsterdam,  now  New  York  city. 
He  died  about  1626. 

DE  FOREST,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  March  31,  1826,  in  Sey 
mour,  Conn.  He  is  a  novelist  of  New 
Haven  who  was  a  federal  officer  in  the 
civil  war.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of 
the  Indians  of  Connecticut  to  1850;  Ori 
ental  Acquaintances,  or  Travels  in  Asia 
Minor;  European  Acquaintances;  Witch 
ing  Times;  The  Lauson  Tragedy;  Sea- 
cliff,  Miss  Ravenal's  Conversion  from  Se 
cession  to  Loyalty;  Overland;  Kate  Beau 
mont;  Honest  John  Vane;  The  Bloody 
Chasm;  The  Wetherel  Affair;  Justine 
Vane;  Irene  Vane;  Irene  the  Missionary; 
and  Playing  the  Mischief. 

DE  FOREST,  ROBERT  E.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  20,  1845,  in  Guilford,  Conn.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  by  the  legislature  of  Con 
necticut  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  for  Fairfield  county,  which  position 
he  held  for  three  years.  In  1878  he  was 
elected  mayor  of  Bridgeport;  in  1880  was 
elected  to  the  legislature;  and  in  1882 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate.  He  was 
corporation  counsel  for  the  city  of  Bridge 
port;  and  was  elected  mayor  in  1889,  and 
re-elected  In  1890.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat. 


DEFREES,  JOHN  D.,  journalist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1811,  in 
Sparta,  Tenn.  He  settled  at  South  Bend, 
Ind.,  in  1831;  served  in  the  legislature  of 
that  state  for  eight  years;  and  was  for 
many  years  the  owner  and  editor  of  the 
Indiana  State  Journal.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  superin 
tendent  of  public  printing. 

DEFREES,  JOSEPH  H.,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May  13, 
1812,  in  Carthage,  Tenn.  He  turned  his 
attention  to  merchandising  in  Indiana;  in 
1836  was  elected  sheriff  of  Elkhart  county, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1838.  In  1849  he 
was  elected  to  the  Indiana  legislature;  in 
1850  to  the  state  senate;  and  in  1864  was 
chosen  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

DE  GARMO,  CHARLES,  college  presi 
dent,  author,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1849,  in 
Mukwanago,  Wis.  In  1891  he  was  elected 
president  of  Swarthmore  college.  He  is 
the  author  of  Essential  of  Methods;  Lind 
ner's  Empirical  Psychology;  Herbert  and 
Pedagogy;  and  other  works. 

DEGENER,  EDWARD,  farmer,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  20, 
1809,  in  Germany.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Texas  constitutional  convention  in 
1866,  in  which  he  favored  universal  suf 
frage;  and  was  again  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  in  1868.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

DE  GRAFF,  JOHN  I.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1827  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1837  to  1839. 

DE  GROOT,  ALBERT,  seaman,  was 
born  in  1813  on  Staten  Island.  He  pro 
moted  the  erection  of  the  Vanderbilt 
bronzes,  and  presented  to  the  printers  of 
New  York  the  statue  of  Benjamin  Frank 
lin,  which  stands  in  front  of  the  Times 
and  Tribune  buildings.  He  died  Sept  17, 
1887,  in  Richfield  Springs,  N.  Y. 

DE  HAAS,  MAURICE  FREDERICK 
HENDRICK,  artist,  was  born  in  1832. 
Among  his  numerous  pictures  are  Farra- 
gut's  Fleet  Passing  the  Forts  Below  New 
Orleans;  and  The  Yacht  Dauntless  off 
Dover. 

DE  HAAS,  WILLIAM  FREDERICK, 
marine  painter,  was  born  in  1830  in  Hol 
land.  He  emigrated  to  New  York  in  1854, 
and  devoted  himself  to  painting  coast- 
scenery.  He  exhibited  at  the  National 
academy,  Sunrise  on  the  Susquehanna, 
and  Fishing-Boats  Off  Mt.  Desert.  He 
died  July  16,  1880,  in  Fayal,  Azores. 

DE  HART,  WILLIAM  CHETWOOD, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  in  1800  in  New 
York  state.  He  was  an  officer  in  the 
United  States  army  who  published  Ob 
servations  on  Military  Law  and  Constitu 
tion  and  Practice  of  Courts  Martial.  He 
died  April  2,  1848,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 
DE  HART,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  was  born  March  21,  1837,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  has  been  pastor  of 
the  reformed  church  in  various  cities;  and 
has  served  as  stated  clerk  of  the  general 
synod  of  the  reformed  church  in  America. 
DE  HAVEN,  EDWIN  J.,  arctic  explorer, 
was  born  in  1819  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
served  in  Wilkes'  exploring  expedition 
from  1839  till  1842,  and  commanded  the 
first  expedition  fitted  out,  at  the  expense 
of  Henry  Grinnell,  of  New  York,  to  search 
for  Sir  John  Franklin.  He  died  Oct.  2, 
1865,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DE  HAVEN,  JOHN  JEFFERSON,  law 
yer,  legislator.  Jurist,  was  born  March  12, 
1845,  in  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  In  1849  he  moved 
to  California,  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools  of  that  state,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866.  In  1867  he 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OK    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


was  elected  district  attorney  of  Humboldt 
county;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state 
assembly  in  1869;  and  a  state  senator  in 
1871  for  the  term  of  four  years.  For  two 
years  he  was  city  attorney  for  Eureka; 
was  republican  candidate  for  congress  in 
1882;  and  in  1884  was  elected  judge  of 
the  superior  court  of  Humboldt  county 
for  a  term  of  six  years.  In  1888  he  was 
elected  to  congress;  and  in  1890  was 
elected  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state  of  California  for  the 
term  ending  Jan.  5,  1895.  He  then  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law  in  San  Fran 
cisco;  and  since  June  8,  1897,  has  been 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  north 
ern  district  of  California. 

DEHON,  THEODORE,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  18,  1776,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  the  second  protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  South  Carolina;  and  the  author 
of  Ninety  Sermons  on  the  Public  Means 
of  Grace.  He  died  Aug.  6,  1817,  in  Char 
leston,  S.  C. 

DEITZ,  WILLIAM,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Schoharie  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
assembly  in  1814  and  1815;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1825  to  1827;  and  a  state  senator  from 
1830  to  1833. 

DEITZLER,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
soldier,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1826, 
in  Pine  Grove,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Kansas  house  of  representatives  in 
1857-58,  and  was  re-elected  in  1859-60. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  promoted  to 
brigadier-general.  He  died  April  11,  1884, 
near  Tucson,  Ariz. 

DE  JARNETTE,  DANIEL  C.,  farmer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1822,  in  Caro 
line  county,  Va.  He  served  many  years 
in  the  legislature  of  Virginia;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state  to 
the  thirty-sixth  and  thirty-seventh  con 
gresses.  He  withdrew  in  1861. 

DE  KAY,  CHARLES,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  July  25,  1S48,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  He  is  a  New  York  journalist 
and  poet,  and  literary  editor  of  the  Times 
since  1877.  He  is  the  author  of  Hesperus; 
Vision  of  Nimrod;  Vision  of  Esther;  Love 
Poems  of  Louis  Barnaval;  The  Bohemi 
ans,  a  Tragedy  of  Modern  Life;  and 
Barye,  His  Life  and  Works. 

DE  KAY,  JAMES  ELLSWORTH,  phy 
sician,  naturalist,  author,  was  born  in 
1792  in  Lisbon,  Portugal.  He  was  a  phy 
sician  and  naturalist  of  Oyster  Bay,  Long 
Island;  and  the  author  of  Sketches  of 
Turkey;  and  Natural  History  of  New 
York.  He  died  Nov.  21,  1851,  in  Oyster 
Bay,  N.  Y. 

DE  KONZA,  ELIZABETH  MAY,  poet, 
composer,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1870,  in 
Geary  county,  Kan.  She  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  poet,  composer  of  music,  and 
dramatic  writer;  and  her  productions 
have  appeared  in  current  periodicals. 

DE  KOVEN,  JAMES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1831,  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  Wisconsin,  very  prominent  at  one 
time  as  a  leader  of  ritualistic  thought. 
Sermons  Preached  on  Various  Occasions 
was  issued  after  his  death.  He  died 
March  19,  1879,  in  Racine,  Wis. 

DE  KOVEN,  REGINALD,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  April  3,  1859,  in  Mid- 
dietown,  Conn.  In  1887  his  first  opera, 
the  Begum,  was  brought  out  by  the  Mc- 
Caull  Opera  company,  and  was  a  decided 
success.  As  an  operatic  composer  it  may 
be  said  with  truth  that  he  has  accom 
plished  more  than  any  other  contem 
porary. 


DE  KROYFT,  MRS.  SARAH  HELEN, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1818,  near  Ro 
chester,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  writer  living  in 
Dansville,  N.  Y.,  who  became  blind  soop 
after  her  marriage  in  1845,  her  husband 
having  died  on  their  wedding  day.  Her 
works  are:  A  Place  in  Thy  Memory,  a 
very  popular  collection  of  letters;  Darwin 
and  Moses,  a  lecture;  and  Little  Jakey, 
a  story. 

DELAFIELD,  EDWARD,  physician, 
was  born  May  17,  1812,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1865  he  founded  the  New  York  Ophthal- 
mological  society,  and  was  its  first  presi 
dent;  and  from  1858  until  his  death  he 
was  president  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons.  He  was  also  president  of 
the  Roosevelt  hospital.  He  died  Feb.  13, 
1875,  in  New  York  city. 

DELAFIELD,  FRANCIS,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1841,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  physician  and  surgeon  of 
New  York  city,  who  was  the  first  presi 
dent  of  the  Association  of  American  Phy 
sicians  and  Pathologists.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Handbook  of  Post  Mortem  Exam 
inations  and  Morbid  Anatomy;  Studies 
in  Pathological  Anatomy;  and  Handbook 
of  Pathological  Anatomy. 

DELAFIELD,  JOHN,  merchant,  was 
born  March  16,  1748,  in  England.  He  was 
a  founder  and  director  of  the  Mutual  In 
surance  company  of  New  York  city,  which 
was  established  in  1787.  He  was  also  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  United  Insurance 
company,  of  which  he  was  president  for 
many  years.  He  died  July  3,  1824,  in  New 
York  city. 

DELAFIELD,  RICHARD,  merchant, 
banker,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1853,  in  New 
Brighton,  N.  Y.  In  1880  he  commenced 
business  in  California;  and  has  been  for 
many  years  recognized  as  one  of  the  lead 
ing  and  most  prosperous  merchants  of 
New  York.  He  was  president  of  the  New 
York  Mercantile  exchange;  and  director 
of  National  Park  bank  of  New  York  city. 

DELAHAY,  MARK  W.,  jurist.  He  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  United  States  dis 
trict  court  for  the  district  of  Kansas. 

DE  LA  MAR,  JOSEPH  RAFAEL,  was 
born  in  1848  in  Holland.  He  became  a 
submarine  'contractor  with  headquarters 
at  Vineyard  Haven,  Mass.,  but  operating 
along  the  entire  coast  to  the  West  Indies. 
He  has  a  record  of  having  added  many 
millions  to  the  gold  and  silver  reserves  of 
the  world. 

DE  LAMATER,  CORNELIUS  HENRY, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1821,  in 
Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.  He  joined  with  H.  B. 
Cromwell  and  C.  H.  Mallory  in  the  lines 
running  to  Galveston  and  New  Orleans. 
One  of  the  undertakings  which  illustrated 
his  energy  was  the  contract  he  filled  for 
the  Spanish  government  for  furnishing 
thirty  gunboats  inside  of  eight  months. 
He  died  Feb.  7,  1889,  in  New  York  city. 

DELAMATER,  JOHN,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  April  18,  1787,  in  Chatham, 
N.  Y.  He  was  instrumental  in  establish 
ing  the  Willoughby  Medical  institute, 
Ohio,  which  was  subsequently  removed  to 
Cleveland,  and  became  known  as  the 
Cleveland  Medical  college.  He  died  March 
28,  1867,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

DE  LA  MATYR,  GILBERT,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  July  8,  1825,  in 
Pharsalia,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  an  itinerant 
elder  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church; 
was  a  member  of  the  general  conference 
In  1S68;  and  for  one  term  filled  the  office 
of  presiding  elder.  In  1862  he  helped  to 
enlist  the  eighth  regiment  of  New  York 
heavy  artillery,  and  was  its  chaplain  three 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-sixth 
congress  as  a  national  democrat. 


DE  LANCEY,  EDWARD  FLOYD,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1821,  in 
Mamaroneck,  N.  Y.  In  1879  he  was  elect 
ed  domestic  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  New  York  Historical  society,  which 
office  he  still  holds.  He  has  edited  Jones' 
History  of  New  York  during  the  Revolu 
tionary  War;  and  the  Secret  Correspond 
ence  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Memoir  of  the  Hon.  James  De 
Lancey,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  Prov 
ince  of  New  York;  and  other  works. 

DE  LANCEY,  WILLIAM  FLOYD,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  Io2l  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  historical  writ 
er  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of 
Memoir  of  James  De  Lancey;  The  Cap 
ture  of  Fort  Washington  the  Result  of 
Treason;  Memoir  of  James  W.  Beekman; 
Memoir  of  William  Allen,  Chief  Justice  of 
Pennsylvania;  Origin  and  History  of 
Manors  in  the  Province  of  New  York;  and 
History  of  Mamaroneck,  New  York. 

DE  LANCEY,  WILLIAM  HEATHCOTE, 
clergyman,  educator,  \\as  born  Oct.  8, 
1797,  in  Mamaroneck,  N.  Y.  In  1828  he 
was  elected  provost  of  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania,  from  which  he  resigned  in 
1834.  In  1839  he  was  chosen  the  first 
bishop  of  the  diocese  of  western  New 
York.  He  aided  in  founding  De  Vaux  col 
lege  at  Niagara  and  the  Training  school 
at  Geneva.  He  died  April  5.  1865,  in 
Geneva.  N.  Y. 

DE  LAND.  CHARLES  VICTOR,  soldier, 
journalist,  was  born  July  25.  1826,  in 
Brookfield.  Mass.  He  served  through  the 
civil  war  and  attained  the  rank  of  briga 
dier.  He  established  the  Daily  Enterprise, 
and  in  1876  he  established  the  Courier 
Herald  of  Saginaw,  Mich. 

DELAND,  ELLEN  DOUGLASS,  author, 
was  born  in  1860  in  New  York.  She  is  a 
popular  writer  of  stories  for  young  peo 
ple:  and  the  author  of  Oakleieh:  In  the 
Old  Herrick  House:  and  Malvern.  a 
Neighborhood  Story. 

DELAND,  MRS.  MARGARETTA 
WADE,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  23, 
1857,  in  Allegheny,  Pa.  She  is  a  novelist 
and  poet  of  Boston  who  became  suddenly 
famous  on  the  publication  of  John  Ward, 
Preacher,  a  story  upon  lines  similar  to 
Mrs.  Ward's  Robert  Elsmere.  Other 
works  by  her  include  The  Old  Garden  and 
Other  Verses:  Sydney;  The  Story  of  a 
Child;  Mr.  Tommy  Dove  and  Other 
Stories;  Philip  and  His  Wife;  and  Flor 
ida  Days,  a  volume  of  travels. 

DE  LANEY,  DANIEL  A.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Nov.  2,  1862,  in  Washington,  Mich. 
In  1886  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at> 
Detroit,  Mich.,  where  he  has  attained 
prominence  as  an  able  lawyer. 

DELANO,  AMASA.  sea  captain,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  21,  1763,  in  Duxbury,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Massachusetts  sea  captain  who 
was  an  extensive  traveler,  and  published 
Narrative  of  Voyages  and  Travels.  He 
died  in  1817. 

DELANO,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1820  in  Braintree,  Mass. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Mas 
sachusetts  to  the  thirty-sixth  and  thirty- 
seventh  congresses. 

DELANO,  COLUMBUS,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  June  5, 
1809,  in  Shoreham,  Vt.  In  1817  he  moved 
to  Mt.  Vernon,  Ohio;  was  a  candidate  for 
governor  in  1847;  and  in  1861  was  com 
missary-general  of  "Ohio.  In  1863  he  was 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature;  and 
served  as  a  member  of  the  twenty-ninth, 
thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 


294 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPKDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DE  LANO,  MILTON,  merchant,  manu 
facturer,  banker,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  11,  1844,  in  Wampsville,  N.  Y.  He 
was  twice  elected  sheriff  of  Madison  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  na 
tional  republican  convention  in  1884;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifueth  and  fifty-first 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

DELAPLAINE,  ISAAC  CLASON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1817, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  that  state  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress.  He  died  July  17,  1866, 
in  New  York  city. 

DELAPLAINE,  JOSEPH,  publisher,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1777,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
In  1813  he  began  the  serial  publication  of 
his  Repository  of  the  Lives  and  Portraits 
of  Distinguished  Americans,  a  series  of 
engravings  with  biographical  notices.  He 
died  May  31,  1824,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DE  LARGE,  ROBERT  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  March  15,  1842,  in  Aiken,  S.  C. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
from  1868  to  1870;  and  was  one  of  the 
state  commissioners  of  the  sinking  fund. 
He  was  elected  in  1870  state  land  com 
missioner;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
second  congress. 

DELAVAN,  EDWARD  CORNELIUS, 
merchant,  author,  was  born  in  1793  in 
Schenectady  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  re 
tired  wine  merchant  of  Schenectady,  con 
spicuous  as  a  temperance  reformer;  and 
the  author  of  Adulterations  of  Liquors; 
and  Temperance  in  Wine  Countries.  He 
died  Jan.  15,  1871,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

DE  LA  VERGNE,  JOHN  C.,  manufac 
turer,  inventor,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1840,  in 
Schoharie  county,  N.  Y.  In  1880  he  com 
menced  business  as  manufacturer  of  re 
frigerating  and  ice-making  plants  in  New 
York  city,  making  improvements,  and  ex 
panding  the  business  until  his  machines 
are  used  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

DE  LEON,  EDWIN,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1828  in  South  Carolina.  He 
was  a  Washington  journalist  who  was  an 
European  diplomatic  agent  of  the  con 
federacy  during  the  civil  war  period.  He 
was  the  author  of  Thirty  Years  of  My  Life 
on  Three  Continents;  The  Khedive's 
Egypt;  Askaros  Kassis,  the  Captain,  a 
novel;  and  Under  the  Star  and  Under 
the  Crescent.  He  died  in  1891. 

DE  LESTRY,  LOUIS  EDMUND,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1860,  in 
Louisiana.  He  received  his  education  in 
Europe,  passing 
through  the  Royal 
Military  academy  of 
Frankfurt,  Germany, 
and  graduating  in 
1887  from  Heidel 
berg  university 
in  the  classical 
course  with  the  de 
gree  of  A.  M.  His 
first  journalistic  en 
gagement  was  dur 
ing  the  Russo-Turk- 
ish  war.  In  1878  he 
returned  from  Europe  and  entered  jour 
nalism,  principally  in  the  northwest.  In 
1890  he  published  a  History  of  Helena, 
Mont.;  and  in  i897  he  compiled  an  elab 
orate  historical  work  of  St.  Paul,  Minn., 
for  the  Pioneer  Press  of  that  city.  He 
is  also  the  author  of  Leaves  From  a  Note 
book,  a  collection  of  his  short  stories.  In 
1897  he  established  De  Lestry's  Western 
Magazine  of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

DELL,  JOHN  C.,  railroad  president,  was 
born  May  31,  1841,  near  ttascom,  Ga.  In 
1888  he  became  president  of  the  Sylvania 
railroad. 


DELLET,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1788  in  Ireland. 
He  moved  to  Alabama  in  1818,  where  he 
was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court, 
dnd  frequently  represented  his  county  in 
the  state  legislature.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Alabama  from 
1839  to  1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1845. 
He  died  Dec.  21,  1848,  in  Claibourne,  Ala. 

DELMAR,  ALEXANDER,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1836,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  editor  of  the  Social 
Science  Review  in  1864;  and  in  1866  was 
appointed  director  of  the  bureau  of  statis 
tics,  which  he  assisted  in  organizing,  hold 
ing  the  office  until  it  was  abolished.  He 
was  the  author  of  Gold  Money  and  Paper 
Money;  Essays  on  Political  Economy; 
The  Great  Paper  Bubble;  What  Is  Free 
Trade?;  Resources,  Productions,  and  So 
cial  Condition  of  Egypt;  Why  Should  the 
Chinese  Go?;  History  of  the  Precious 
Metals;  History  of  Money  in  China;  His 
tory  of  Money  in  Various  Countries;  The 
Science  of  Money;  Money  and  Civiliza 
tion;  Statistical  Handbook;  and  The  Na 
tional  Banking  System. 

DELMAR,  JOHN,  jurist,  financier,  was 
born  Sept.  6,  1838,  in  Ireland.  In  1867  ne 
became  a  justice  of  the  peace;  and  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  The  Citizen  in 
1886,  but  did  not  assume  the  presidency 
until  1887.  He  is  a  director  in  the  City 
Savings  bank  and  of  the  Fifth  Avenue 
bank  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

DE  LONG,  ARTHUR  H..  clergyman, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  March  23,  1862, 
in  Napoleon,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from 
the  Northwestern  university  and  the  Gar- 
rett  biblical  institute,  and  has  attained 
eminence  as  a  successful  clergyman  in  the 
Northwestern  Indiana  conference  of  the 
methoclist  episcopal  church.  He  is  also  a 
brilliant  lecturer,  and  the  author  of  sev 
eral  works. 

DE  LONG,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
naval  officer,  explorer,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  22,  1844,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
an  Arctic  explorer  who  was  a  lieutenant- 
commander  in  the  United  States  navy, 
from  1869  to  1881.  The  Voyage  of  the 
Jeannette,  including  his  journals  of  his 
latest  expedition,  edited  by  his  wife,  ap 
peared  in  1884.  He  died  Oct.  *30,  1881,  in 
Siberia. 

DEMAND,  HERMAN  D..  educator,  was 
born  March  10.  1856,  in  Smithton,  Mo. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  Central  Wesleyan  college; 
and  has  attained  prominence  as  a  suc 
cessful  educator.  He  has  taught  schools 
in  Illinois;  has  been  school  commissioner 
of  La  Fayette  county,  Mo.;  and  for  the 
past  twelve  years  has  been  superintendent 
of  public  schools  of  Lexington,  Mo. 

DEMAREST,  DAVID  D.,  clergyman, 
theologian,  author,  was  born  July  30, 
1819,  In  Oradell,  N.  J.  Since  1865  he  has 
been  professor  of  pastoral  theology  and 
sacred  rhetoric  in  the  Theological  semi 
nary  and  also  a  clergyman  of  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.  J.  He  is  the  author  of  History 
and  Characteristics  of  the  Reformed  Prot 
estant  Dutch  Church;  Practical  Cateche- 
tics;  and  The  Huguenots  on  the  Hacken- 
sack. 

DEMAREST,  JAMES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  28,  1832,  in  Williams- 
burg,  L.  I.  He  has  held  pastorates  in 
Hackensack  and  Newark,  N.  J.,  Chicago, 
111.,  and  Kingston  and  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y., 
and  has  published  numerous  sermons, 
Including  Duty  of  the  Reformed  Church 
in  tne  Future  as  Foreshown  by  Its 
Course  in  the  Past. 

DEMAREST,  JOHN  TERHUNE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1813  in  New 


Jersey.  He  is  a  Dutch  reformed  clergy 
man,  and  the  author  of  Exposition  of 
the  Efficient  Cause  of  Regeneration; 
Exposition  of  the  First  Epistle  of  Peter; 
Commentary  on  Second  Epistle  of  Peter; 
Commentary  on  the  Catholic  Epistles; 
and  Christocracy. 

DEMAREST.  MRS.  MARY  AUGUSTA, 
poet,  was  born  June  26,  1838,  in  New  York 
city.  She  was  the  author  of  My  Ain 
Countree  and  Other  Poems.  She  died  in 
1888. 

DEMBY,  EDWARD  THOMAS,  edu 
cator,  lecturer,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
1869  in  Wilmington,  Del.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  city 
schools  of  Wilmington,  and  subsequently 
attended  the  Lincoln  university  of  Penn 
sylvania,  the  Howard  university  of  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.,  and  the  Wilberforce  uni 
versity  of  Ohio.  He  has  been  a  success 
ful  professor  of  Hebrew,  Greek  and 
French;  has  been  dean  of  a  theological 
college;  and  is  at  present  head  master  of 
St.  Paul's  academy  of  Mason,  Tenn.  He 
has  traveled  extensively;  is  a  well-known 
lecturer,  and  the  author  of  several  works. 

DEMING,  BENJAMIN  F.,  congressman, 
was  born  at  Danville,  Vt.  He  was  clerk 
of  the  court  in  his  native  county  for  six 
teen  years;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Vermont  for  the 
term  from  1833  to  1835.  He  died  July  11, 
1834,  in  Saratoga  Springs. 

DEMING,  HENRY  CHAMPION,  lawyer, 
soldier,  congressman,  author,  was  born  in 
1815  in  Middle  Haddam,  Conn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Connecticut  legislature  in 
1849  and  1850,  and  also  from  1859  to  1861, 
serving  as  speaker  during  the  latter  year; 
and  in  1851  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate.  He  subsequently  presided  over 
the  city  of  Hartford  as  mayor  for  six 
years.  In  1861,  as  colonel  of  the  twelfth 
regiment  of  Connecticut  volunteers,  he 
went  to  New  Orleans  and  participated  in 
the  capture  of  that  city.  In  1862  he  was 
appointed  mayor  of  New  Orleans.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  thirty-eighth  and  thirty- 
ninth  congresses.  He  published  a  Life  of 
General  Grant.  He  died  Oct.  9,  1872,  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 

DEMING,  PHILANDER,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1829,  in  Carlisle,  N.  Y. 
He  succeeded  in  introducing  the  use  of 
shorthand  into  the  supreme  courts  of 
New  York  in  1886.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  volumes  of  stories — Adirondack 
Stories:  and  Tompkins  and  Other  Folks, 
being  the  best  known  01  his  wonts. 

DE  MORSE,  CHARLES,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1816,  in  Leices 
ter,  Mass.  He  served  in  the  civil  war 
and  attained  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  ed 
ited  the  first  daily  paper  in  Texas  in  1842, 
and  established  The  Clarksville  Standard 
in  1842.  He  was  reporter  of  the  house  of 
congress  in  1841-42.  He  died  in  1887. 

DE  MOTT,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  assembly  in  1833;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1845  to  1847. 

DE  MOTTE,  HARVEY  CLELLAND, 
soldier,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  July  17,  1838,  near  Carrollton,  111. 
He  served  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  union 
army  during  the  civil  war,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1882.  For  twenty- 
three  years  he  was  professor  of  mathe 
matics  in  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  univer 
sity;  for  three  years  was  president  of 
Chaddock  college;  and  for  six  years  was 
superintendent  of  the  Illinois  Soldiers' 
Orphans'  home  of  Normal,  111.  He  is 
president  of  the  Central  Union  Building 
and  I^oan  association  at  Bloomington,  111. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


295 


DE  MOTTE,  MARK  L.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
28,  1832,  in  'Rockville,  Ind.  He  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney  in  1856;  and 
served  as  a  captain  in  the  union  army 
during  the  war  of  tne  rebellion.  He  was 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Lexington 
Register  of  Missouri  for  eight  years;  was 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  congress  in 
1872  and  1876;  and  in  the  latter  year  was 
a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  con 
vention.  He  returned  to  Valparaiso,  Ind., 
in  1877,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  forty-seventh  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

DEMPSEY,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  April  29,  1861,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
his  native  city,  and  principally  engaged  as 
an  advocate  in  labor  cases.  In  1889  he 
was  a  member  of  the  revising  session 
of  the  Missouri  state  legislature;  and  in 
1886-89  was  secretary  for  the  state  of  Mis 
souri  of  the  state  and  district  assemblies 
of  the  Knights  of  Labor. 

DEMPSTER,  JOHN,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1794,  in 
Florida,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  noted  methodist 
preacher  and  educator,  and  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  theological  school  of  Bos 
ton  university.  He  is  the  author  of  Lec 
tures  and  Addresses,  which  was  issued  in 
1864.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1863,  in  Evanston, 
111. 

DEMPSTER,  WILLIAM  RICHARD 
SON,  musician,  was  born  in  1809  in  Scot 
land.  He  set  Tennyson's  May  Queen  to 
music,  which  became  popular,  and  after 
ward  composed  music  for  most  of  the 
songs  introduced  in  Tennyson's  longer 
poems,  which  were  his  favorites  for  his 
concerts.  He  died  March  7,  J.o71,  in  Lon 
don,  England. 

DE  NAVARRO,  MRS.  A.  P.,  actress, 
was  born  July  28,  1859,  in  Sacramento, 
Cal.  Her  first  appearance  in  New  York 
was  in  1877  at  the  Fifth  Avenue  theater, 
and  again  in  1878,  at  the  close  of  which 
she  made  her  first  European  tour.  She 
abandoned  the  stage  permanently  in  1891. 

DENBY,  CHARLES,  soldier,  journalist, 
lawyer,  diplomatist,  was  born  June  16, 
1830,  in  Mount  Joy,  Va.  In  1853  he  went 
to  Evansville,  Ind.,  and  became  assistant 
editor  of  the  Evansville  Enquirer.  In 
1856  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  Indiana  legislature.  In  1861  he  was 
prominent  in  raising  volunteers  for  the 
union  army  and  was  commissioned  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  an  Indiana  regiment; 
served  until  1863,  and  was  promoted  col 
onel  for  gallant  conduct.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  United  States  minister  to 
China. 

DENGLER,  FRANK,  sculptor,  was 
born  in  1853,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He 
was  for  a  short  time  an  instructor  in 
modelling  in  the  Boston  museum  art 
school.  Among  his  works  are  Azzo  and 
Melda;  an  ideal  head  of  America,  and 
several  portrait  busts. 

DENHARD,  CHARLES  EDWARD, 
physician,  was  born  July  15,  1849,  in 
Germany.  He  helped  to  found  the  Ger 
man  poliklinik  of  New  York  city,  of 
which  he  is  an  attending  physician. 

DENHOLM,  ROBERT  M.,  journalist, 
was  born  July  20,  1852,  in  Scotland.  He 
has  established  several  papers  in  the 
west,  and  is  now  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Western  Disciple  of  De  Soto,  Mo. 

DENIO,  HIRAM,  jurist,  author,  was 
born  May  21,  1799,  in  Rome,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  Utica  jurist  who  published  Reports 
of  Cases  in  the  Supreme  Court;  and  The 
Court  for  Correction  of  Errors.  He  died 
in  1871. 


DENISE,  DAVID  D.,  horticulturist,  was 
born  Sept.  23,  1840,  in  Freehold,  N.  Y. 
He  is  treasurer  of  the  state  board  of  agri 
culture,  and  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee. 

DENISON,  ANDREW  WOODS,  soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  15,  1831,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  attained 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  In  1869  he 
was  appointed  postmaster  of  Baltimore, 
Md.,  which  he  held  until  his  death.  He 
died  Feb.  24,  1877,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

DENISON,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1818,  in  Wy 
oming  Valley,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
thirty-eighth,  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth 
congresses.  He  died  June  27,  1867,  in 
Wilkesbarre. 

DENISON,  CHARLES,  physician,  in 
ventor,  author,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1845,  in 
Royalton,  Vt.  He  is  the  inventor  of  the 
air  pressure  inhaler  and  exhaler,  and  the 
binaural  stethoscope,  now  used  exten 
sively  by  the  medical  profession.  He  is 
the  author  of  Climates  of  the  United 
States  in  Colors,  and  various  other  works 
on  health  and  hygiene. 

DENISON,  CHARLES  WHEELER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  11, 
1809,  in  New  London,  Conn.  He  was  a 
clergyman  who  as  a  young  man  was  ed 
itor  of  The  Emancipator,  an  anti-slavery 
journal  of  New  York.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  as  chaplain  in  the  federal 
army.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Amer 
ican  Village  and  Other  Poems;  Paul  St. 
Clair,  a  temperance  tale;  Antonio,  the 
Italian  Boy;  The  Child  Hunters,  an  ex 
posure  of  the  padrone  system;  Life  of 
General  Grant;  Out  at  Sea,  a  volume  of 
verse;  Sunshine  Castle,  a  tale.  The  Tan 
ner  Boy;  The  Bobbin  Boy;  and  Winfield, 
the  Lawyer's  Son,  form  a  series  of  bi 
ographies  of  noted  men  for  juvenile  read 
ing.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1881. 

DENISON,  DANIEL,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  1613,  in  England.  He  was  a 
famous  colonial  soldier  of  Massachusetts, 
and  the  author  of  Irenicon,  or  Salve  for 
New  England's  Sore.  He  died  Sept.  20, 
1682,  in  Ipswich,  Mass. 

DENISON,  DUDLEY  CHASE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1819,  in 
Royalton,  Ind.  He  was  a  state  senator 
in  1853  and  1854;  state's  attorney  from 
1858  to  1860;  and  a  member  of  the  state 
house  of  representatives  in  1861,  1862,  and 
1863.  He  was  United  States  district  at 
torney  for  the  district  of  Vermont;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ver 
mont  to  the  forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

DENISON,  FREDERIC,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1819,  in  Stoning, 
Conn.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman  of 
Rhode  Island,  and  the  author  of  The  Sup 
per  Institution;  The  Sabbath  Institution; 
History  of  the  First  Rhode  Island  Caval 
ry;  Westerly  and  Its  Witnesses,  1627- 
1876;  and  Picturesque  Narragansett  and 
Picturesque  Rhode  Island. 

DENISON,  JOHN  HENRY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1841,  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  a  congregational  clergyman 
retired  from  active  service,  but  at  one 
time  college  pastor  at  Williamstown, 
Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  Christ's  Idea 
of  the  Supernatural. 

DENISON,  JOHN  LEDYARD,  publish 
er,  author,  was  born  in  1826,  in  Connecti 
cut.  He  is  a  publisher  of  Norwich,  Conn., 
and  the  author  of  Picturesque  History  of 
the  Wars  of  the  United  States;  and  Il 
lustrated  History  of  the  New  World. 


DENISON,  MRS.  MARY  ANDREWS, 
author,  was  born  May  26,  1826,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  She  is  the  author  of  Op 
posite  the  Jail;  That  Husband  of  Mine, 
which  was  issued  anonymously  and  en 
joyed  an  extraordinary  popularity  for  a 
short  time;  That  Wife  of  Mine;  Roth- 
mell;  His  Triumph;  Old  Slip  Warehouse; 
Home  Pictures;  Like  a  Gentleman;  and 
If  She  Will,  She  Will. 

DENNETT,  JOHN  RICHARD,  journal 
ist,  was  born  in  1837,  in  Chatham,  N.  B. 
Besides  writing  frequently  for  the  Nation, 
he  was  assistant  professor  of  rhetoric  at 
Harvard.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1874,  in  West- 
borough,  Mass. 

DENNIE,  JOSEPH,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  30,  1768,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  journalist  and  essayist  of  Phila 
delphia,  whose  reputation  in  his  day  vast 
ly  exceeded  his  deserts,  and  the  author  of 
The  Lay  Preacher,  or  Short  Sermons  for 
Idle  Readers.  He  died  Jan.  7,  1812,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DENNIS,  GEORGE  R.,  physician, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  8, 
1822,  in  White  Haven,  Md.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Eastern  Shore  railroad;  was 
a  delegate  from  the  state  at  large  to  the 
national  whig  convention  at  rniladelphia 
in  1856;  and  also  to  the  democratic  na 
tional  convention  at  New  York  in  1868. 
He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  of 
Maryland  in  1854;  and  to  the  house  of 
delegates  in  1867,  and  again  to  the  senate 
in  1871.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  for  the  term  1873-79. 

DENNIS,  GRAHAM,  BARCLAY,  finan 
cier,  was  born  June  1,  1855,  in  England. 
From  1875-77  he  was  city  editor  of  The 
Daily  Journal  of  Dayton,  Ohio;  and  in 
1885  organized  tne  Muscovite  Mica  Min 
ing  company,  of  which  he  is  still  man 
ager.  He  has  been  president  tof  the  Do 
minion  Mining  and  Concentrating  com 
pany  of  Spokane,  Wash.;  and  is  still  pres 
ident  of  the  Idler  Mining  company;  and 
the  Summit  Mining  company. 

DENNIS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  17,  1771,  in  Somerset  coun 
ty,  Md.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Maryland  in  1796;  and 
was  re-elected  to  five  successive  con 
gresses.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1807,  in  Phila*- 
delphia,  Pa. 

DENNIS,  JOHN,  farmer,  state  legislat 
or,  congressman,  was  born  in  1807,  in 
Somerset  county,  Md.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1837  to  1841;  and  was  twice  elected 
to  the  state  legislature.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maryland  state  convention  in 
1850.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1850. 

DENNIS,  LITTLETON  P.,  congress 
man.  He  served  many  years  in  the  legis 
lature  of  Maryland;  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1800,  1812,  1816,  1824,  and  1828; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland  in  1833.  He  died 
April  14,  1834,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

DENNIS,  RODNEY,  underwriter,  was 
born  Jan.  14,  1826,  in  Topsfield,  Mass.  In 
1864  the  Travellers'  Life  and  Accident  In 
surance  company  was  organized,  and  Mr. 
Dennis  accepted  the  secretaryship,  and 
held  that  important  position  for  many 
years.  He  is  also  a  director  and  trustee 
of  several  insurance  and  business  corpo 
rations  of  Hartford,  Conn. 

DENNIS,  THOMAS  HAMNER,  soldier, 
journalist,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1846,  in  Charlotte  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
soldier  in  the  confederate  service  in  1864- 
65;  and  in  1865  was  elected  speaker  of  the 
house  of  delegates.  He  has  become  a 
prominent  lawyer,  and  is  the  editor  of 
The  Independent  of  Lewisburg,  W.  Va. 


296 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DENNIS,  W.  BICKHAM,  journalist, 
miner,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1864,  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
_^_____  of  Cincinnati  and 
ISf  Dayton,  Ohio;  and 

graduated    from   the 
•B        Central  university  of 
Richmond,    Ky.     In 

f^,       •       1891  he  emigrated  to 
the    state    of  Wash- 
^f  ington,   where   he  is 

^L«v  the  president  of  the 

Port          Townssnd 
^L  board  of  trade,    and 

1    >  vice-president  of  the 

4B  Jhb.     Northwest       Mining 

association.         For 

many  years  he  was  engaged  in  newspaper 
work,  and  was  president  of  the  Middle- 
West  Journals'  association;  and  held  oth 
er  offices  of  honor.  He  is  now  at  the  head 
of  several  mining  companies,  and  other 
business  enterprises;  and  is  the  owner 
of  the  Dennis-Halteman  block  of  Port 
Townsend,  Wash.;  and  president  of  the 
Eureka  Consolidated  Mining  company. 

DENNISON,  GEORGE,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Luzerne  county,  Pa.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1819  to  1823;  was  for  many 
years  register  and  recorder  of  Luzerne 
county;  and  before,  as  well  as  after  his 
service  in  congress,  was  frequently  re 
turned  to  the  legislature.  He  died  in 
1831  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 

DENNISON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1815, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1852  he  was  a 
presidential  elector;  about  that  time  was 
made  president  of  the  Exchange  bank  of 
Columbus,  and  also  president  of  the  Co 
lumbus  and  Xenia  Railroad  company.  In 
1860  and  1861  he  was  governor  of  Ohio, 
and  did  much  toward  organizing  the  vol 
unteer  army  for  subduing  the  rebellion. 
In  1864  he  became  a  member  of  President 
Lincoln's  cabinet  as  postmaster-general 
He  died  June  15,  1882. 

DENNISTON,  WILLIAM  H.,  merchant, 
legislator,  was  born  March  10,  1850,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  During  1891-94  he  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  legislature 
from  the  third  (Monroe  county)  district. 
He  is  a  successful  merchant  and  promi 
nent  in  public  affairs  of  his  county  and 
state. 

DENNY,  ARTHUR  A.,  surveyor,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1822  in 
Indiana.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Wash 
ington  territorial  legislature  from  1853  to 
1861;  and  was  four  years  register  of  the 
land  office  at  Olympia.  He  was  elected  a 
delegate  from  Washington  territory  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

DENNY,  HARMAR,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1794  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature 
of  his  native  state;  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1829  to  1837;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  formed 
the  present  constitution  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  died  Jan.  29,  1852,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

DENNY,  THOMAS,  banker,  was  born 
in  1804  in  Leicester,  Mass.  In  1852  he  be 
came  a  member  of  the  New  York  stock 
exchange,  and  in  1858  formed  the  bank 
ing  house  of  Thomas  Denny  and  Co.  He 
died  Oct.  21,  1874,  in  New  York  city. 

DENNY,  WALTER  McKENNON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1853, 
in  Moss  Point,  Miss.  In  1883  he  was 
elected  to  the  office  of  clerk  of  the  circuit 
and  chancery  courts  of  Jackson  county, 
Miss.,  and  served  eleven  years.  In  1890 
he  was  elected  and  served  as  a  delegate 
from  Jackson  county  in  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 


DENOYELLES,  PETER,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1813  to  1815. 

DENSLOW,  WILLIAM  M.,  educator, 
journalist,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  9, 
1858,  in  Grundy  county,  Mo.  For  ten  years 
he  taught  school;  was  township  treasurer 
for  ten  years;  and  in  1898  was  appointed 
collector  of  internal  revenue.  He  has  been 
justice  of  the  peace;  is  a  successful  jour 
nalist  of  Spickard;  and  has  served  two 
terms  as  a  member  of  the  Missouri  gen 
eral  assembly. 

DENSMORE,  AMOS,  inventor,  promo 
ter,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1825,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.  He  made  many  suggestions  and 
improvements  in  the  Shole  and  Glidden 
type-writer,  which  at  a  later  date  cul 
minated  in  the  Densmore  machine. 

DENSMORE,  JAMES,  journalist,  pro 
moter,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1820,  in  Moscow, 
.  N.  Y.  He  established  the  first  paper  in 
Oshkosh,  Wis.,  and  was  the  editor  of  sev 
eral  other  papers.  In  1867  his  attention 
was  directed  to  the  Sholes  and  Glidden 
machine,  anu  from  that  time  onward  he 
devoted  his  time,  energies  and  wealth  to 
the  development  of  the  Shole  machine. 
He  died  Sept.  16,  1889,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

DENSON,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
4,  1846,  in  Russell  county,  Ala.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of 
the  general  assembly  of  Alabama.  In  1884 
he  was  Cleveland  elector,  and  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  district  attorney 
for  the  northern  and  middle  districts  of 
Alabama.  In  1890  he  was  chairman  of 
the  democratic  state  convention;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

DENT,  FREDERICK  T.,  soldier,  was 
born  Dec.  17,  1820,  in  White  Haven,  Mo. 
For  his  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
in  the  field  during  the  civil  war  he  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  United  States 
army  and  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 

DENT,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  about  1760  in  Maryland.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1793  to  1801;  was  In  the  latter 
year  appointed  United  States  marshal  for 
the  Potomac  district;  and  during  the 
third  session  of  the  fifth  congress  was 
elected  speaker  of  the  house  of  represent 
atives. 

DENT,  JOHN  HERBERT,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1782  in  Maryland.  He  was 
commissioned  a  master  commander  in 
1804,  and  a  captain  in  1811.  He  died  July 
31,  1823,  in  Bartholomew,  Md. 

DENT,  WILLIAM  B.  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Georgia  from 
1853  to  1855. 

DENTON,  FRANKLIN  EVERT,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  in  1859  in  Ohio. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  Cleveland;  and  pub 
lished  in  1883  The  Early  Poems  of  Frank 
lin  Denton. 

DENVER,  JAMES  W.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1818  in 
Winchester,  Va.  He  served  in  the  Mexi 
can  war  as  a  cap 
tain.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  from 
California  in  the 
thirty-fourth  con- 
I  gress;  and  was  ap- 
^  pointed  commission- 
I  er  of  Indian  affairs, 
I  which  office  he  re- 
*  signed  to  accept  the 
i  appointment  of  gov 
ernor  of  the  terri 
tory  of  Kansas.  In 
1866  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Cleveland  soldiers'  convention. 


DE  PAUW,  NEWLAND  TALBOT. 
banker,  manufacturer,  was  born  Sept.  5, 
1856,  in  Salem,  Ind.  Large  interests 
throughout  Indiana  qome  in  part  under 
his  administration,  including  The  W.  C. 
De  Pauw  company,  of  which  he  is  presi 
dent;  The  New  Albany  national  bank,  the 
Ohio  Falls  Iron  works,  the  Merchants'  na 
tional  bank,  of  which  he  is  also  president; 
the  New  Albany  Manufacturing  company, 
and  the  New  Albany  Rail  Mill  company. 
He  is  also  connected  with  two  institu 
tions  in  Indianapolis,  the  Bank  of  Com 
merce,  of  which  he  is  president,  and  the 
Union  Trust  company,  in  which  he  is  a 
director. 

DE  PAUW,  WASHINGTON  CHARLES, 
manufacturer,  philanthropist,  was  born 
Jan.  4,  1822,  in  Salem,  Ind.  He  devoted 
himself  to  the  manufacture  of  plate-glass, 
and  The  De  Pauw  Plate-Glass  works  of 
New  Albany  became  one  of  the  greatest 
industries  of  Indiana.  He  gave  a  million 
and  a  half  dollars  to  the  De  Pauw  uni 
versity  of  Greencastle,  Ind.;  and  founded 
the  De  Pauw  female  college  of  New  Alba 
ny.  He  died  May  5,  1887,  in  Chicago,  111. 

DEPEW,  CHAUNCEY  MITCHELL, 
lawyer,  legislator,  railroad  president,  was 
born  April  23,  1834,  in  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 
In  1861  he  was  elected  to  the  New  York 
state  legislature;  was  re-elected;  and  be 
came  secretary  of  state.  In  1875  he  became 
counsel  of  the  Vanderbilt  railway  sys 
tem;  and  subsequently  its  president.  He 
is  the  author  of  two  works  entitled  Ora 
tions  and  After-Dinner  Speeches;  and  La 
ter  Speeches.  In  1885  he  became  president 
of  the  New  York  Central  and  Hudson 
River  railroad. 

DE  PEYSTER,  ABRAHAM,  jurist,  was 
born  July  8,  1658,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  mayor  of  New  York  in  1691-95,  and 
subsequently  became  chief  justice  of  the 
province,  and  president  of  the  king's 
council,  in  which  latter  capacity  he  acted 
(in  1701)  as  governor.  He  died  Aug.  10, 
1728,  in  New  York  city. 

DE  PEYSTER,  FREDERIC,  lawyer, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1796,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  founder  and 
director  of  the  Home  for  Incurables,  and 
vice-president  of  the  Society  for  the  Pre 
vention  of  Cruelty  to  Cnildren,  founder  of 
the  Soldiers'  home  erected  by  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  and  a  trustee  of 
the  New  York  society  library.  He  died 
Aug.  17,  1882,  in  Tivoli,  N.  Y. 

DE  PEYSTER,  FREDERICK,  soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  12,  1843.  He  served  in  the 
civil  war,  and  for  his  conduct  attained 
the  rank  of  major  of  United  States  volun 
teers;  and  colonel  of  New  York  volun 
teers.  He  died  Oct.  30,  1874,  in  Red  Hook, 
N.  Y. 

DE  PEYSTER,  JOHN  LIVINGSTON, 
.soldier,  legislator,  was  born  June  14,  1846, 
in  Tivoli,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war  and  attained  the  rank  of  major  and 
lieutenant  of  the  United  States  volun 
teers.  In  1889  he  was  elected  to  the  New 
York  state  assembly. 

DE  PEYSTER,  JOHN  WATTS,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  March  9,  1821,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  an  historical  writer  of 
New  York  city,  and  a  general  of  the  state 
militia.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  of  Tors- 
tenson;  The  Dutch  at  the  North  Pole  and 
the  Dutch  in  Maine;  Decisive  Conflicts  of 
the  Late  Civil  War;  Personal  and  Mili 
tary  History  of  General  Kearney;  Life  of 
Sir  John  Johnston;  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots,  a  Study;  The  Character  of  Mary 
and  a  Justification  of  Bothwell;  Bothwell, 
a  drama;  The  Thirty  Years'  War;  Before^ 
At,  and  After  Gettysburg;  Life  of  Baron 
Cohorn;  Caurausius,  the  Dutch  Augustus; 
and  The  Real  Napoleon  Bonaparte. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


297 


DE  PEYSTER,  JOHNSTON  W.,  soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  2,  1841,  in  New  York  city. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  rose  to 
the  rank  of  colonel. 

DE  PUY,  HENRY  WALTER,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1820  in 
Pompey  Hill,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  lawyer  and 
journalist,  and  the  author  of  Kossuth  and 
his  Generals;  Louis  Napoleon  and  his 
Times;  and  Ethan  Allen  and  the  Green 
Mountain  Boys  of  '76. 

DE  PUY,  WILLIAM  HARRISON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1821  in  New 
York.  He  Is  a  methodist  clergyman  of 
western  New  York,  and  the  author  of 
Threescore  Years  and  Beyond;  Statistics 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church;  Home 
and  Health;  and  Home  Economics,  a  very 
popular  book. 

DERBIGNY,  PIERRE,  fifth  governor  of 
Louisiana.  He  was  elected  to  that  office 
in  1828.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first 
state  legislature;  judge  of  the  supreme 
court;  and  was  twice  secretary  of  state. 
He  died  Oct.  6.  1829,  from  injuries  re 
ceived  by  being  thrown  from  his  carriage. 

DERBY,  ELIAS  HASKET,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1803,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  a  noted  railway  attorney 
of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  Two  Months 
Abroad;  Catholic  Letters;  The  Overland 
Route  to  the  Pacific;  and  Position  and 
Prospects  of  the  United  States  with  Re- 
epect  to  Finance,  Commerce,  and  Prosper 
ity.  He  died  March  30,  1880,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

DERBY,  GEORGE,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  13,  1819,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
He  was  a  physician  of  Boston,  prominent 
as  a  sanitarian,  who  published  Anthracite 
and  Health.  He  died  in  1874. 

DERBY,  GEORGE  HORATIO,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  April  3,  1823,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  was  a  topographical  en 
gineer  in  the  United  States  army  who  was 
a  popular  humorist  in  his  day,  and  the 
author  of  Phoenixiana;  and  Squibob  Pa 
pers.  He  died  May  15,  1861,  in  New  York 
city. 

DERBY,  JAMES  CEPHAS,  publisher, 
author,  was  born  July  20,  1818,  in  Little 
Falls,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  noted  publisher  of 
New  York  and  San  Francisco,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Fifty  Years  Among  Authors, 
Books,  and  Publishers.  He  died  in  1892. 

DERBY,  JOHN  BARTON,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  30,  1792,  in  fealem,  Mass.  He 
was  a  poet  whose  later  years  were  spent 
in  Boston;  and  was  the  author  of  Musings 
of  a  Recluse;  The  Sea;  and  The  Village. 
He  died  in  1867  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DERBY,  ROSWELL,  lawyer,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  4,  1854,  in  Fulton  county,  Ohio. 
He  attended  the  public  schools  of  Wau- 
seon,  Ohio;  and  sub 
sequently  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
Ohio.  For  five  years 
he  was  secretary  and 
attorney  for  the  Peo 
ple's  Mutual  Life  In 
surance  company  of 
Wakeman,  Ohio. 
For  many  years  he 
was  engaged  in  seed 
growing  at  Florence, 
Ohio,  and  was  also  a 
successful  manufac 
turer  of  maple  syrup.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  successful  lawyer,  and 
has  a  lucrative  practice  in  his  state.  He 
has  contributed  extensively  both  prose 
and  verse  to  the  periodical  press;  and 
many  of  his  poems  have  been  incorpora 
ted  into  standard  works. 


DERBY,  SAMUEL  CARROLL,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  was  born  in  Dub 
lin,  N.  H.  In  1877  he  received  a  profes 
sorship  in  Autioch  college,  which  he  held 
until  1887,  when  he  became  president  of 
the  college.  He  held  the  position  until 
1881,  when  he  accepted  the  position  of  pro 
fessor  of  Latin  language  and  literature  in 
the  Ohio  state  university. 

DE  ROALDES,  ABEL,  physician,  was 
born  June  10,  1804,  in  France.  In  1850 
he  moved  to  New  Orleans,  where  for  thir 
ty  years  he  practiced  his  profession,  num 
bering  among  his  patients  and  friends  a 
large  number  of  tne  Creole  population. 
He  died  Feb.  4.  1894.  in  New  Orleans.  La. 

DE  ROALDES,  ARTHUR  WASHING 
TON,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25, 
1849,  in  St.  Landry,  La.  He  attained 
prominence  as  a  successful  surgeon  of 
New  Orleans.  He  is  the  author  of  Post 
Nasal  Adenoid  Growths  arid  Their  Treat 
ment;  Atresia  of  the  Larynx;  and  other 
works. 

DE  RUSSY,  GUSTAVUS  ADOLPHUS, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1818,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
He  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  ser 
vice  in  1866;  promoted  to  be  major  in 
the  regular  army  in  1866;  lieutenant-colo 
nel  in  1879;  colonel  in  1882;  and  was  re 
tired  by  operation  of  law  in  1882.  He 
died  May  29,  1891,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

DE  RUSSY,  LOUIS  G.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  was  born  in  1796  in  New  York. 
From  1851  to  1853  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Louisiana  house  of  representatives,  and 
from  1853  till  1855  of  the  senate.  He  was 
major-general  of  Louisiana  militia  from 
1848  till  1861,  when  he  entered  the  con 
federate  army.  He  died  Dec.  17,  1864,  in 
Grand  Ecore,  Fla. 

DE  RUSSY,  RENE  EDWARD,  soldier, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1789,  in  Hayti,  W.  I.  He 
was  superintendent  of  the  United  States 
military  academy  from  1833  till  1838,  and 
lieutenant-colonel  of  engineers  from  1838 
till  1863.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted  major- 
general  in  the  U.  S.  army  for  long  and 
faithful  service.  He  died  Nov.  23,  1865, 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

DE  SAUSSURE,  HENRY  WILLIAM, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1763,  in 
Pocotaligo,  S.  C.  He  was  a  jurist  of  South 
Carolina,  who  was  director  of  the  United 
States  mint  in  1794.  and  published  Re 
ports  of  the  Courts  of  Chancery  and  Equi 
ty  in  South  Carolina  from  the  Revolution 
to  1813.  He  died  March  29,  1839,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

DE  SAUSSURE,  WILLIAM  F.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1792,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  and  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  his  native  state  from  1852 
to  1853. 

DESBROSSES,  ELIAS,  was  born  in 
1718,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  chamber  of  commerce 
in  1768,  and  its  president  in  1771  and  1772. 
Desbrosses  street  of  New  York  city  is 
named  in  his  honor.  He  died  in  March, 
1778. 

DE8HA,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1768,  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  served  for  a  time  in 
the  state  legislature;  fought  at  the  battle 
of  the  Thames  as  a  major-general;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1807  to  1819.  He  was 
governor  of  Kentucky  for  four  years  from 
1824.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1842,  in  George 
town,  Ky. 

DESHA,  ROBERT,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Tennes 
see  from  1827  to  1831.  He  died  Feb.  8, 
1849. 


DESHON,  GEORGE,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1823,  in  New  Lon 
don,  Conn.  He  is  a  Roman  catholic  priest 
of  the  redemptorist  order,  whose  Guide 
for  Young  Catholic  Women  has  had  a 
very  extended  circulation. 

DESIREE,  sister  superior,  was  born  in 
1815  in  Belgium.  After  taking  her  vows 
in  1845,  she  came  to  the  United  States, 
and  was  stationed  at  Cincinnati  until 
1852,  when  she  was  sent  to  Lowell  to 
found  a  convent  and  school  for  catholic 
girls.  She  died  in  1879  in  Lowell.  Mass. 

DE  SMET,  PETER  JOHN,  missionary, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1801,  in  Bel 
gium.  He  was  a  noted  Roman  catholic 
missionary  to  the  Indians,  who  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1821.  His  writings, 
originally  published  in  French,  include 
The  Oregon  Missions  and  Travels  over 
the  Rocky  Mountains;  Indian  Letters 
and  Sketches;  Western  Missions  and  Mis 
sionaries;  and  New  Indian  Sketches.  He 
died  in  May,  1872,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

DESMOND,  HUMPHREY  J.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  14, 
1860,  in  Ozaukee  county,  Wis.  In  1891  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin 
legislature,  and  drafted  the  Desmond 
law,  which  was  enacted  in  place  of  the 
famous  Bennett  law.  He  is  the  author  of 
Mooted  Questions  of  History,  and  several 
other  works. 

DESNOYER,  PETER,  pioneer,  was 
born  April  21,  1773,  in  France.  Congress, 
in  1807,  gave  him  a  tract  of  land  on  De 
troit  river,  in  return  for  his  loyalty  to 
the  United  States.  He  subsequently  be 
came  United  States  marshal  for  the  ter 
ritory  of  Michigan,  and  in  1839  state  treas 
urer.  He  died  March  6,  1880,  in  Detroit, 
Mich. 

DE  SOLA,  ABRAHAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1825,  in  London. 
He  was  an  eloquent  expounder  of  con 
servative  Judaism.  His  published  works, 
include  Scripture  Zoology;  The  Sanitary 
Institutions  of  the  Hebrews;  Mosaic  Cos 
mogony;  Sinaitic  Inscriptions;  Notes  on 
the  Jews  of  Persia;  and  minor  writings 
on  Jewish  history  and  literature.  He  died 
June  5,  1882,  in  New  York. 

DE  STEFANI,  RAFAEL  E.,  operatic 
artist  and  vocal  teacher,  was  born  in 
Cuba.  He  decided  to  settle  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  and  there  opened  his  Italian  con 
servatory  on  Fulton  and  Gould  streets, 
which  in  a  short  time  became  one  of  the 
leading  institutions  in  the  city. 

DESTREHAN,  JEAN  NOEL,  states 
man,  was  born  about  1780.  He  was  a  citi 
zen  of  Louisiana,  and  in  1805  one  of  the 
authors  of  a  pamphlet  attacking  the  ter 
ritorial  government.  In  1812  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  United  States  senate,  but  re 
signed  the  office  before  taking  his  seat. 

DETMOLD,  CHRISTIAN  EDWARD, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1810,  in 
Germany.  He  built  the  works  of  the  New 
Jersey  Zinc  company,  at  Newark,  N.  J., 
being  president  of  the  company,  and  de 
veloped  the  manufacture  of  spiegel  iron 
from  the  residue  of  zinc  ore.  He  died 
July  2,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

DETMOLD,  WILLIAM  LUDWIG,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1808,  in  Ger 
many.  He  became  professor  of  military 
surgery  and  hygiene  at  Columbia  in  1862, 
and  was  made  professor  emeritus  in  1866. 
He  introduced  orthopedic  surgery  into  the 
United  States. 

DE  TROBRIAND,  PHILIP  REGIS,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  June  4,  1816,  in 
France.  He  is  a  military  writer  who  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1841,  entered  the 
army,  and,  after  serving  through  the  civil 
war,  retired  from  active  service  in  1879, 
and  resided  in  New  Orleans.  He  is  the 
author  of  several  novels  in  French. 


298 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DETWILER,  JACOB  SNARE,  educator, 
elocutionist,  journalist,  was  born  Jan.  28, 
1863,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  toured  the 
country  for  several  years  as  an  elocu 
tionist  and  impersonator,  and  became  fa 
vorably  known  as  an  oraior  and  lecturer. 
He  is  now  editor  and  proprietor  of  The 
Sun,  of  Osage,  Iowa. 

DETWILLER,  HENRY,  physician,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1795,  in  Switzer 
land.  He  was  the  pioneer  of  homeopathy 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  the  first  to  suc 
cessfully  practice  it  in  America.  He 
founded  the  iron  industry  at  Bingen,  Pa., 
and  became  president  of  the  company.  He 
died  April  21,  1887,  in  Easton. 

DEUSTER,  PETER  VICTOR,  journal 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  13,  1831,  in  Germany.  In  1847 
he  settled  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  be 
came  editor  and  publisher  of  a  newspa 
per.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  house 
of  representatives  in  1862;  state  senator 
in  1870  and  1871;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  and  forty-eighth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

DEVENS,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  soldier, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  4,  1820,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  in  1848-49;  and  for 
several  years  was  attorney-general  of  the 
United  States.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  through  the  civil  war;  and  was  made 
a  brigadier-general  in  1862.  He  died  Jan. 
7,  1891,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DE  VERB,  MARY  AINGE,  known  as 
Madeline  Bridges,  author,  poet,  was  born 
in  New  York.  She  is  a  successful  writer 
of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  and  the  author  of 
Love  Songs  and  Other  Poems;  and  a  sec 
ond  volume  entitled  Poems. 

DE  VERE,  MAXIMILIAN  SCHELE, 
philologist,  author,  was  born  in  1820  in 
Sweden.  He  is  a  philologist  of  note  who 
came  from  Sweden  to  the  United  States 
in  1843,  and  since  1844  has  been  a  profes 
sor  in  the  university  of  Virginia.  He  is 
the  author  of  Outlines  of  Comparative 
Philology;  Studies  in  English;  Ameri- 
isms;  Wonders  of  the  Deep;  Grammar  of 
the  Spanish  Language;  Stray  Leaves  from 
the  Book  of  Nature;  and  Romance  of 
American  History. 

DEVEREUX,  JOHN  HENRY,  president 
of  railroads,  was  born  April  5,  1832,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  received  a  thorough 
education  in  the 
Portsmouth  acade 
my,  New  Hamp 
shire;  and  in  1848 
commenced  life  as  a 
civil  engineer  on 
construction  of  the 
Cleveland,  Colum 
bus  and  Cincinnati 
railroad,  and  the 
Cleveland,  Paines- 
ville  and  Ashtabula 
railroad.  In  1853  he 
went  to  Tennessee 

to  engage  in  the  construction  of  the 
Tennessee  and  Alabama  railroad;  and 
during  the  great  rebellion  entered  the 
United  States  service,  and  was  made 
superintendent  of  the  United  States  rail 
roads  of  Virginia.  He  became  presi 
dent,  until  consolidation,  of  all  the 
lines  between  Buhalo  and  Chicago;  at 
which  time  he  was  made  general  man 
ager  of  the  entire  lines.  In  1873  he  be 
came  president  of  the  Cleveland,  Colum 
bus  and  Cincinnati  railroad;  and  also 
president  of  the  Atlantic  and  Great  West 
ern  railroad.  He  was  instrumental  in 
building  the  Pittsbtirg  and  Lake  Erie 
railroad,  and  remained  a  trustee  and  di 
rector  until  his  death,  on  March  17,  1886, 
In  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


DEVEREUX,  THOMAS  POLLOCK, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1793,  in 
Newbern,  N.  C.  He  was  a  North  Caro 
lina  lawyer  who  published  Reports  of 
North  Carolina  Supreme  Court  in  1826-34; 
Reports  in  the  Superior  Court  in  1834-40; 
and  Equity  Reports  in  1826-40.  He  died 
March  24,  1869,  in  North  Carolina. 

DEVIN,  THOMAS  C.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1822  in  New  York  city.  He  entered  the 
regular  army  as  lieutenant-colonel,  and 
was  made  brigadier-general  for  services 
at  Sailor's  creeK.  He  died  April  4,  1878, 
in  New  York  city. 

DE  VINNE,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1793,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  methodist  clergyman  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  The  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  and  Slavery;  Recollec 
tions  of  Fifty  Years  in  the  Ministry,  and 
Irish  Primitive  Church.  He  died  Feb.  10, 
1883,  in  Morrisania,  N.  Y. 

DE  VINNE,  THEODORE  LOW,  printer, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1828,  in  Stam 
ford,  Conn.  He  is  a  noted  printer  of  New 
York  city,  and  the  author  of  Printer's 
Price  List;  Invention  of  Printing;  and 
Historic  Types. 

DEVOE,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM,  mer 
chant,  manufacturer,  was  born  Jan.  26, 
1828,  in  New  York  city.  His  product, 
called  Devoe's  Brilliant  Oil,  enjoyed  a 
very  extended  sale,  and  the  present  com 
pany  of  which  he  is  president  and  treas 
urer  is  one  of  the  leading  concerns  in  the 
country. 

DEVOL,  WILLIAM  STOWE,  educator, 
scientist,  was  born  March  24,  1860,  near 
Marietta,  Ohio.  He  is  the  director  of  the 
Arizona  experiment 
station,  professor  of 
agriculture,  horti 
culture  and  veteri 
nary  science  in  the 
university  of  Arizo 
na.  He  graduated 
from  the  Ohio  state 
university  in  1886 
with  the  degree  of 
bachelor  of  agricul 
ture,  and  upon  grad 
uation  was  placed 
in  charge  of  the 
university  farm,  and  in  1882  was  chosen 
botanist.  In  1889  he  went  to  Reno,  Nev., 
to  accept  the  chair  of  agriculture  in  the 
university  of  Nevada.  On  account  of  fail 
ing  health  he  went  to  southern  California, 
and  there  remained  for  five  years,  en 
gaged  in  newspaper  work.  In  1895  he  ac 
cepted  his  present  position  at  the  univer 
sity  of  Arizona.  He  is  the  president  of 
the  Arizona  Agricultural  association;  and 
a  member  of  various  horticultural,  porno- 
logical  and  scientific  associations.  In 
1896  he  became  territorial  veterinarian, 
stamping  out  an  extensive  outbreak  of 
swine  plague. 

DE  VRIES,  MARION,  lawyer,  congress 
man,   was  born  Aug.  15,  1865,  in  Wood- 
bridge,  Cal.     He  acted    as  assistant  dis 
trict      attorney     for 
^••^^  S:ni    Joaquin   county 

IfUOfh.          from  January,    1893, 
I    to     February,     1897; 
and    was    elected    to 
ttto^tv  •    the    fifty-fifth     con 

gress  as  a  democrat 
and  indorsed  by  the 
people's  party.  He 
Is  a  member  of  sev 
eral  important  com 
mittees;  and  always 
takes  an  active  part 
in  all  debates  tend 
ing  to  the  industrial  advancement  of  the 
United  States. 


DEW,  THOMAS  RODERICK,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Diec. 

5,  1802,  in  Virginia.    He  was  an  educator 
of  Virginia,  and  president  of  William  and 
Mary  college  in  1836-46.     A  Digest  of  the 
History  and  Laws  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
Nations  is  his  chief  work.    Other  writings 
of  his  include  The  Policy  of  thes  Govern 
ment;    Lectures  on  History;   Usury;    and 
Essay  in  Favour  of  Slavery.  He  died  Aug. 

6,  1864,  in  Paris,  France. 

DE  WAELE,  CHARLES  LEONARD, 
lawyer,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1839,  in 
Belgium.  In  1869  he  emigrated  to  Ameri 
ca,  and  for  a  num 
ber  of  years  was  in 
the  lumber  business 
in  northern  Michi 
gan.  During  1876- 
90  he  served  as  a 
justice  of  the  peace; 
and  for  two  terms 
was  superintendent 
of  schools.  In  1889 
he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar;  and  is  now 
circuit  court  com 
missioner  for  the 
county  of  Roscommon,  Mich.  As  an  au 
thor  and  lawyer  Mr.  De  Waele  occupies  a 
high  place  amongst  the  literary  and  legal 
fraternity  of  Michigan.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poems  published  in  his 
native  language.  He  is  a  linguist,  and 
speaks  the  Dutch,  German  and  French 
languages,  and  has  done  service  as  inter 
preter  in  several  prominent  trials  in  the 
state. 

DE  WALDEN,  THOMAS  BLAIDES,  ac 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1811,  in  London, 
England.  He  was  a  New  York  actor  of 
some  note  as  an  author  and  adapter  of 
many  plays,  among  which  are  The  Up 
per  Ten  and  the  Lower  Twenty;  and  Kit; 
The  Jesuit.  He  died  Sept.  26,  1873,  in 
New  York  city. 

DEWART,  LEWIS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1831  to  1833. 

DEWART,  WILLIAM  L.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  thirty-fifth  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania. 

DEWEES,  WILLIAM  POTTS,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1768,  in 
Pottsgrove,  Pa.  He  was  a  popular  physi 
cian  of  Philadelphia,  and  professor  of  ob 
stetrics  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  the  author  of  Medical  Essays; 
Physical  and  Medical  Treatment  of  Chil 
dren;  System  of  Midwifery;  and  Practice 
of  Medicine.  He  died  May  18,  1841,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DEWEESE,  JOHN  T.,  lawyer,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  June  4,  1835,  in 
Arkansas.  He  entered  the  volunteer  army 
in  1861;  promoted  to  the  rank  of  colo 
nel  in  1863;  and  after  the  war  was  com 
missioned  a  lieutenant  in  the  regular 
army,  and  stationed  in  North  Carolina. 
After  holding  the  ohice  of  register  in 
bankruptcy  for  a  time  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
fortieth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-first  congress. 

DEWEY,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  March  13,  1793,  in 
Williamstown,  Mass.  He  served  as  United 
States  district  attorney  from  1830  till  1837. 
when  he  was  appointed  the  fifth  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Massachusetts.  He 
died  Aug.  22,  1866,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHJT. 


299 


DEWEY,  CHESTER,  botanist,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1784,  in 
Sheffield,  Mass.  He  was  a  botanist  who 
as  an  educator  was  connected  with  va 
rious  colleges,  and  lastiy  with  the  univer 
sity  of  Rochester.  Besides  a  History  of 
Herbaceous  Plants  of  Massachusetts,  he 
wrote  an  elaborate  monograph  on  the 
Carices  of  North  America,  the  result  of 
many  years'  labor.  He  died  in  1867. 

DEWEY,  DANIEL,  lawyer.  Jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1766,  in 
Sheffield,  Mass.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Massachusetts  in  1813 
and  1814,  when  he  resigned;  and  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Massachusetts  in  1814.  He  died  June  3, 
1815. 

DEWEY.  FREDERIC  PERKINS,  chem 
ist,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1855.  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  was  appointed  in  1882  curator 
of  Metallurgy  in  the  United  States  na 
tional  museum  in  Washington. 

DEWEY,  GEORGE,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Vermont.  He  attended  the  naval 
academy  during  1854-58;  and  during  1858- 
59  was  attached  to  the  steam  frigate  Wa- 
bash;  and  to  the  Mississippi  in  1861-63. 
He  was  at  the  capture  of  New  Orleans  in 
1862;  of  Port  Hudson  in  1863;  and  dur 
ing  1864-65  was  in  the  North  Atlantic 
Blockading  squadron.  He  was  commis 
sioned  lieutenant  in  1861;  lieutenant- 
commander  in  1865;  commander  in  1872; 
and  captain  in  1884.  He  was  secretary  of 
the  light-house  board  during  1877-82;  and 
chief  of  the  bureau  of  equipment  and  re 
cruiting,  with  rank  of  commodore,  dur 
ing  1889-90.  He  has  attained  world-wide 
fame  by  his  destruction  of  the  Spanish 
fleet  in  Manila  Bay  on  May  1,  1898;  was 
given  a  vote  of  thanks  by  congress;  pre 
sented  with  a  golden  sword;  and  was 
promoted  to  rear  admiral. 

DEWEY,  HENRY  S.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Nov.  9,  1856,  in  Hanover,  N.  H.  He  has 
attained  eminence  as  a  lawyer  of  Boston, 
Mass. 

DEWEY,  ISRAEL  OTIS,  soldier,  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  9,  1824,  in  Berlin, 
Vt.  In  1860  he  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Hampshire  legislature;  and  a  justice  of 
the  peace  for  many  years.  He  served  in 
the  civil  war  and  attained  the  rank  of 
major.  He  died  May  12,  1888,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

DEWEY,  JAMES  ALFRED,  educator, 
reformer,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1860,  in  Ar 
menia,  Pa.  He  graduated  in  1882  from 
the  state  normal  school  of  Mansfield,  Pa.; 
and  subsequently  from  tne  medical  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  Michigan. 
He  has  been  a  successful  educator  and 
reformer;  and  is  now  superintendent  of 
schools  at  Wanamie,  Pa. 

DEWEY,  JOHN  J.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  April  8,  1846,  in  Quechee,  Vt. 
In  1894  he  became  president  of  the  Wood 
stock  railway. 

DEWEY,  LOUIS  MARINUS,  genealo 
gist,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1865,  in  Westfield, 
Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  a  genealogy 
of  the  Dewey  family. 

DEWEY,  M/\RY  E.,  author,  was  born 
in  Sheffield,  Mass.  She  has  translated 
George  Sand's  Miller  of  Angibault,  and 
edited  The  Life  and  Letters  of  Catherine 
M.  Sedgwick. 

DEWEY.  MELVIL,  librarian,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  10,  1851,  in  Adams  Centre, 
N.  Y.  He  is  the  librarian  of  Columbia 
college  and  director  of  the  New  York 
state  library.  He  is  the  author  of  Li 
brary  School  Rules:  and  The  Decimal 
Classification  and  Relation  Index. 


DEWEY,  NE»  SON,  governor.  He  was 
the  first  governor  of  Wisconsin  after  it 
became  a  state,  serving  as  such  from  1848 
to  1851. 

DEWEY,  ORVILLE,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  28,  1794,  in  Sheffield, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
conservative  opinions,  once  prominent  as 
a  pastor  in  New  York  and  Boston.  He 
was  the  author  of  Unitarian  Belief;  Dis 
courses  on  Human  Life;  The  Old  World 
and  the  New;  Letters  on  Revivals;  Prob 
lems  of  Human  Life  and  Destiny;  and 
Education  of  the  Human  Race.  He  died 
March  21,  1882,  in  Sheffield,  Mass. 

DEWING,  MRS.  MARIA  RICHARDS, 
artist,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1855,  in  New 
York.  She  has  painted  numerous  figure 
and  flower  pieces,  among  which  are  Vio 
lets;  and  Mother  and  Child;  and  a  num 
ber  of  portraits,  including  Portrait  of  a 
Boy;  Portrait  of  Her  Father;  and  Sleep 
ing  Child. 

DEWING,  THOMAS  WILMER,  artist, 
was  born  May  4,  1852,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
His  more  important  paintings  are  Young 
Sorcerer;  Morning;  Prelude;  A  Garden; 
The  Days,  which  gained  the  Clarke  prize; 
and  Tobias  and  the  Angel. 

DE  WITT,  ALEXANDER,  manufac 
turer,  banker,  congressman,  was  born 
April  2,  1797,  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He 
was  a  bank  president:  was  a  state  senator 
in  1842.  1844,  1850,  and  1851;  a  member  of 
the  constitutional  convention  of  1853;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1853  to  1857. 

DE  WITT,  BENJAMIN,  physician,  sci 
entist,  author,  was  born  in  1774.  He  was 
a  New  York  physician  and  scientist  who 
published  Oxygen;  and  Minerals  in  New 
York.  He  died  in  1819,  in  New  York  city. 

DE  WITT.  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1728.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  New  York  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1783  to  1785.  He  died  Sept., 
1787,  in  Kingston,  N.  Y. 

DE  WITT,  CHARLES  G.,  congressman, 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1829  to  1831;  and  was  ap 
pointed  charge  d'affaires  for  Central 
America  in  1833.  He  died  April  13,  1839, 
in  Newburg,  N.  Y. 

DE  WITT,  DAVID  MILLER,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  25.  1837,  In 
Paterson,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  district 
attorney  of  Ulster  county  in  1862,  and  re- 
elected  in  1865.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

DE  WITT,  FRANCIS  B.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  11, 
1849,  in  Jackson  county.  Ind.  He  enlisted 
in  the  forty-sixth  Ohio  regiment  at  the 
age  of  twelve,  and  served  at  the  battle  of 
Shiloh  and  during  the  Corinth  campaign. 
He  was  elected  on  the  republican  ticket 
in  1891  to  represent  Paulding  county  in 
the  Ohio  legislature,  and  re-elected  in 
1893.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

DE  WITT,  JACOB  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1784,  in  Ulster  county,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1819  to  1821;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  assembly  in  1839  and 
in  1847.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1857,  in  Kings 
ton,  N.  Y. 

DE  WITT,  JOHN,  clergyman,  educator, 
was  born  August,  1789.  in  Catskill,  N.  Y. 
In  1825  he  assumed  the  professorship  of 
belles-lettres,  criticism  and  logic  in  Rut 
gers  college.  He  died  Oct.  11,  1831,  in 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

DE  WITT,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  19,  1821,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  reformed  Dutch  clergyman,  and 
professor  in  the  Theological  seminary  at 
New  Brunswick.  N.  J.,  in  1863-92.  He  is 


the  author  of  The  Sure  Foundation  and 
How  to  Build  on  It;  The  Psalms,  a  New 
Translation;  and  What  is  Inspiration? 

DE  WITT,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1842,  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is 
a  presbyterian  clergyman,  professor  at 
Princeton  Theological  seminary  since 
1892,  and  the  author  of  Sermons  on  the 
Christian  Life. 

DE  WITT,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was  born 
Dec.  23,  1867,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.  He  is 
an  eminent  clergyman  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

DE  WITT,  SIMEON,  surveyor,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  25,  1756,  in  Ulster  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  famous  surveyor  who  is 
commonly  held  responsible  for  the  class 
ical  nomenclature  of  places  in  central  and 
western  New  York.  He  published  Ele 
ments  of  Perspective.  He  died  Dec.  3, 
1834,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

DE  WITT,  SUSAN  LINN,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1778.  She  wrote  Justinea,  a 
novel;  and  The  Pleasures  of  Religion,  a 
poem.  She  died  in  1824. 

DE  WOLF,  AUSTIN,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  April  29,  1838,  in  Deerfleld, 
Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Town 
Meeting,  a  manual  of  Massachusetts  law. 

DE  WOLF,  EDWARD  P.,  merchant, 
was  born  Jan.  12,  1848,  in  Chicago,  111. 
He  attended  the  public  and  high  schools 
of  his  native  city,  and  for  many  years  was 
there  engaged  in  business.  His  father, 
William  F.  De  Wolf,  was  once  city  treas 
urer  and  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Chicago. 
In  1882  he  moved  to  Waukegan,  and  in 
time  became  prominent  as  a  public  cit 
izen.  In  1895  was  elected  mayor,  and  his 
administration  has  been  eminently  satis 
factory.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Lake 
County  Agricultural  society,  and  has  held 
various  other  positions  of  honor. 

DE  WOLFE,  JAMES,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1763,  in  Bristol,  R.  I. 
He  was  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  Rhode  Island  from  1821  to  1825, 
when  he  resigned.  He  died  Dec.  21,  1837, 
in  New  York  city. 

DEXTER,  FRANKLIN,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1793,  in  Char- 
lestown,  Mass.  He  was  elected  to  both 
branches  of  the  state  legislature.  He 
served  as  United  States  district  attorney 
from  1841  till  1845,  and  was  re-appointed 
by  President  Taylor  in  1849.  He  died 
Aug.  14,  1857,  in  Beverly,  Mass. 

DEXTER,  HENRY,  sculptor,  was  born 
Oct.  1,  1806,  in  Nelson,  N.  )(.  Among 
some  of  his  moaels  are  President  Felton, 
Governor  Wisner,  Joseph  Warren,  S.  P. 
Chase,  the  Governors  of  1860,  the  Pinney 
Child,  and  The  Backwoodsman,  The 
Young  Naturalist,  and  The  First  Lesson. 
His  studio  was  at  Cambridge,  Mass. 

DEXTER,  HENRY,  president  of  the 
American  News  company,  was  born 
March  14,  1813,  in  West  Cambridge,  Mass. 
He  originated  the  conception  of  the 
American  News  company,  which  he  was 
finally  able,  with  the  aid  of  others  in  the 
same  business,  to  realize,  in  1864. 

DEXTER,  HENRY  MARTYN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1821,  in 
Plympton,  Mass.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  of  prominence  in  Bos 
ton  as  editor  of  The  Congregationalist 
in  1867-90.  His  most  important  work  is 
The  Congregationalism  of  the  Last  Three 
Hundred  Years.  He  was  the  author  of 
Handbook  of  Congregationalism;  Pilgrim 
Memoranda;  The  Verdict  of  Reason;  As 
to  Roger  Williams  and  His  Banishment, 
a  marked  example  of  special  pleading; 
History  of  the  Old  Plymouth  Colony;  His 
tory  and  the  Study  of  History;  The  Right 
Use  of  Books;  and  The  Study  of  Politics. 
He  died  Nov.  13,  1890,  in  New  Bedford, 
Mass. 


300 


HERKINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DEXTER,  SAMUEL,  merchant,  was 
born  in  1726.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
governor's  council  before  the  revolution, 
and  for  several  years  between  1765  and 
1775  served  on  the  more  important  com 
mittees  of  both  the  house  and  the  coun 
cil.  He  died  in  1810,  in  Mendon,  Mass. 

DEXTER,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
statesman,  author,  was  born  May  14,  1761, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  representatives  in  congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1793  to  1795, 
and  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate,  serving  from  1799  to  1800.  During 
the  administration  of  John  Adams  he  was 
appointed  secretary  of  war  in  1800,  and 
secretary  of  the  treasury  in  1801;  and  for 
a  short  time  had  charge  of  the  depart 
ment  of  state. .  He  was  the  author  of 
Letters  on  Free  Masonry;  Progress  of  Sci 
ence,  a  poem;  and  Speeches  and  Political 
Papers.  He  died  May  3,  1816,  in  Athens, 
N.  Y. 

DEXTER,  SEYMOUR,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  banker,  jurist,  was  born  March  20, 
1841,  in  Independence,  N.  Y.  He  served 
as  a  soldier  in  the  civil  war;  has  been  a 
member  of  the  New  York  state  assembly; 
has  been  county  judge,  and  judge  of  the 
circuit  court.  He  is  also  a  prominent 
banker  of  Elmira. 

DEXTER,  SIMON  NEWTON,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  May  11,  1785,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  was  president  of  the 
Whitestown  bank  in  1833-53;  canal  com 
missioner  in  1840;  and  manager  of  the 
state  lunatic  asylum  from  1849  till  1862. 
He  died  Nov.  18,  1862,  in  Whitesboro, 
N.  Y. 

DEXTER,  TIMOTHY,  merchant,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1743,  in  Maiden, 
Mass.  He  has  attained  prominence  as  a 
successful  merchant  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.  He  was  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  A  Pickle  For  the  Knowing  One. 
He  died  Oct.  22,  1806,  in  Newburyport, 
Mass. 

DEXTER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1823,  In  Charlton, 
Mass.  In  1873  he  was  made  councilman 
in  the  Massachusetts  government,  and 
again  in  1877.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a 
trustee  of  the  Worcester  academy  and  for 
many  years  was  its  treasurer. 

DEYO,  ISRAEL  T.,  educator,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1854,  in 
Union,  N.  Y.  He  was  professor  in  New 
York  state  normal  school.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1883  at  Albany,  N.  Y., 
and  during  1890-93  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  state  legislature. 

DE  YOUNG,  MICHAEL  HENRY,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  1848,  In  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Since  1879  the  San  Francisco  Chronicle 
has  been  conducted  solely  by  M.  H.  De 
Young,  who  has  made  it  the  largest  and 
probably  the  most  prosperous  west  of  St. 
Louis.  He  has  served  several  times  on 
the  republican  national  committee,  and 
been  prominently  named  for  United 
States  senator. 

DEZENDORF,  JOHN  F.,  surveyor,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1834,  in 
Lansingburg,  N.  Y.  In  1863  he  moved  to 
Norfolk.  Va.  He  was  assistant  assessor 
of  internal  revenue  from  1869  to  1871; 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  na 
tional  convention  of  1876.  He  was  de 
feated  for  congress  in  1878;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Virginia  to 
the  forty-seventh  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

DIAZ,  MRS.  ABBY  MORTON,  author, 
was  born  in  1821,  in  Massachusetts.  She 
is  a  Boston  writer  who  in  youth  was  one 
of  the  famous  company  at  Brook  farm, 
and  has  since  been  prominent  in  relation 


to  social  reforms.  Her  books  for  juvenile 
readers,  which  are  characterized  by  a 
strong  vein  of  humor,  include  The  Wiliam 
Henry  Letters;  William  Henry  and  His 
Friends;  Chronicles  of  the  Stimpcett 
Family;  The  Cats'  Arabian  Nights;  The 
John  Spicer  Lectures;  Liu;y  Maria;  Polly 
Cologne;  Jimmyjohns;  A  Story-book  for 
Children.  Other  works  are  Bybury  to 
Beacon  Street,  a  discussion  of  social  top 
ics;  Domestic  Problems;  and  Only  a  Flock 
of  Women. 

*~DIBBLE.  SAMUEL,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1837,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  served  in  the  con 
federate  army  during  the  war  of  the  re 
bellion;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
In  the  state  legislature  in  1877.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth, 
fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

DIBBLE,  SHELDON,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1809,  in  Skan- 
eateles,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  missionary  to 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  who  published  His 
tory  of  the  Sandwich  Island  Missions.  He 
died  Jan.  22,  1845,  in  the  Hawaiian  Is 
lands. 

DIBRELL,  GEORGE  GIBBS,  soldier, 
merchant,  congressman,  was  born  April 
12,  1822,  in  White  county,  Tenn.  In  1861 
was  elected  to  the  legislature,  but  volun 
teered  in  the  confederate  service,  and  was 
made  brigadier-general  in  1864.  He  was 
elected  president  of  the  Southwestern 
railroad;  and  in  1874  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Tennessee  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh  and 
forty-eighth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

DIBRELL,  JAMES  A.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1846,  in  Van 
Ruren,  Ark.  In  1865  he  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  five  years  later 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  in  which  institution  he  subse 
quently  attended  a  course  of  lectures.  In 
1870  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  and  has 
been  eminently  successful.  For  fifteen 
years  he  was  physician  to  the  Arkansas 
Deaf  and  Mute  institute;  and  is  now  pro 
fessor  of  anatomy,  president  and  dean  of 
the  medical  department  of  Arkansas  In 
dustrial  university;  also  local  surgeon  for 
several  railroads,  and  United  States  ex 
amining  surgeon  for  pensions. 

DICHMAN,  ERNEST,  naval  officer, 
lawyer,  banker,  was  born  in  1845.  He 
served  in  the  South  Atlantic  squadron 
until  the  close  of  the  civil  war;  rose, 
through  the  intermediate  grades,  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-commander.  He  was 
tlnited  States  minister  to  Columbia  from 
1878  to  1881. 

DICK,  JAMES  T.,  artist,  was  born  in 
1834,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  one  of 
the  originators  of  the  Brooklyn  art  school 
and  a  founder  of  the  academy  of  design. 
Among  his  best  efforts  are  Cooling  Off: 
Leap-Frog;  and  At  Mischief.  He  died 
Jan.  19,  1868,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

DICK,  JOHN,  jurist.  He  was  a  citizen 
of  Louisiana,  and  in  1821  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  United  States  court  for  the 
District  of  Louisiana. 

DICK,  JOHN,  merchant,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  that  state  In 
1854  and  1855;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 

DICK,  ROBERT  P.,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1823,  in  Greens 
boro,  N.  C.  He  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  for  the  district  of 
North  Carolina  in  1853,  and  remained  in 


that  office  until  1861.  He  was  elected  a 
delegate  to  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1861  and  1865.  He  was  a  state 
senator  in  1864-65;  was  an  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  North  Caro 
lina  in  1868-72;  when  he  was  appointed 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  west 
ern  district  of.  North  Carolina. 

DICK,  SAMUEL,  physician,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  >.o  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  New  Jersey  in  1783 
and  1784.  He  died  in  November,  1812,  in 
New  Jersey. 

DICK,  SAMUEL  B.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1836,  in  Meadville, 
Pa.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1864;  and  was  mayor  of  his  native  city 
in  1870.  He  commanded  a  brigade  of 
Pennsylvania  state  militia  in  West  Vir 
ginia  in  1873;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress. 

DICK,  WALLACE  PE'iER,  educator, 
composer,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1857,  in  Low 
ell,  Mass.  In  1891  he  accepted  the  posi 
tion  of  professor  of  languages  in  the  state 
normal  school  at  Westchester,  Pa.  He  is 
a  thorough  musician,  and  has  composed 
a  number  of  instrumental  pieces  and  sev 
eral  songs,  among  the  most  popular  of 
which  are  Little  Sunbeam;  and  Light  of 
My  Life. 

DICKENS,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  during  the  years  1816  and 
1817. 

DICKENSON,  ANNA  ELIZABETH,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1842,  In 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  gained  great  dis 
tinction  during  the  civil  war  by  her  pub 
lic  speeches  against  slavery,  and  has  been 
considered  one  of  the  most  popular  lec 
turers  of  the  United  States. 

DICKENSON,  BAXTER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  In  1795,  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  Letters 
to  Students.  He  died  in  1875. 

DICKENSON,  DANIEL  S.,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1800,  in 
Goshen,  Conn,  he  became  so  distin 
guished  for  his  Biblical  knowledge  and 
apt  quotations  irom  the  Scripture  in  his 
speeches  in  senate  and  court,  that  his 
friends  familiarly  applied  to  him  the  sob 
riquet  of  Scripture  Dick.  He  died  April 
12,  1866. 

DICKERMAN,  BENONI,  poet,  was  born 
July  9,  1810,  in  Naugatuc,  Conn.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  The 
Blood-Stained  Cross;  and  also  two  book 
lets,  besides  various  lyrics,  psalms, 
hymns  and  spiritual  songs. 

DICKERMAN,  CHARLES  HEBER, 
manufacturer,  banker,  was  born  Feb.  3, 
1843,  in  Hartford,  Pa.  He  is  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  Murray,  Dougal  and  Co.^ 
Limited,  manufacturers  of  freight  cars; 
and  president  of  the  First  National  bank 
of  Milton,  Pa. 

DICKERMAN,  WATSON  BRADLEY, 
stockbroker,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1846,  in 
Mount  Carmel,  Conn.  He  established  the 
firm  of  Dominick  and  Dickerman  in  New 
York  city.  In  1890  and  1891  he  was  elect 
ed  president  of  the  Stock  Exchange,  and 
he  is  president  of  the  Norfolk  and  South 
ern  railroad. 

DICKERSON,  JAMES  STOKES,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  was  born  July  6,  1825,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Removing  in  1875  to 
Chicago,  he  became  joint  proprietor  and 
editor  of  the  Standard,  a  baptist  weekly 
paper.  He  died  in  March,  1876,  in  Chi 
cago,  111. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DICKERSON,  MAHLON,  lawyer,  jurist, 

governor,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Anril  17,  1770,  in  Morris  county, 
,N.  J.  He  was  re 
corder  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  and 
subsequently  quar- 
tefmaster-general  of 
the  state.  He  re 
turned  to  New  Jer 
sey,  and  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  of 
that  state.  He  was 
judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  New 
Jersey;  was  elected 
governor  of  that 

state  in  1815,  and  held  the  office  until 
1817,  when  he  was  chosen  United  States 
senator  from  New  Jersey,  and  continued 
in  that  office  for  sixteen  years.  In  1834 
he  became  secretary  of  the  navy  in  the 
cabinet  of  President  Jackson,  and  held 
that  office  until  1838,  some  two  years  after 
the  accession  of  President  Van  Buren. 
For  two  years  he  was  president  of  the 
American  institute.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1853, 
in  Morris  county,  N.  J. 

DICKERSON,  PHILEMON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born  in 
1788,  in  Morris  county,  N.  J.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  the  Pat- 
erson  district,  in  that  state,  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  again  from  1839  to  1841.  ,In 
1836  he  was  governor  of  New  Jersey;  and 
was  subsequently  appointed  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  court  for  New  Jer 
sey.  He  died  Dec.  10,  1862,  in  Paterson, 
N.  J. 

DICKERSON,  W.  W.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  29, 
1851,  in  Grant  county,  Ky.  He  was  elect 
ed  county  attorney  in  1874  for  a  term  of 
four  years;  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  state  house  of  representatives  in  1885. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  in  1887  for  a  term  of  four  years.  He 
was  elected  as  a  democrat  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  in  1890.  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-second  congress. 

DICKERSON,  WILLIAM  FISHER, 
bishop,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1844,  in  Wood- 
bury,  N.  J.  In  1880  he  was  elected  thir 
teenth  bishop  and  given  charge  of  the 
work  in  South  Carolina  and  Georgia.  He 
founded  Allen  university,  Columbia,  S.  C., 
in  1880,  of  which  he  was  president  for 
four  years.  He  died  in  December,  1884, 
in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

DICKEY,  EBENEZER,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  12,  1772,  near  Ox 
ford,  ra.  He  published  A  Tract  to  Par 
ents;  a  pamphlet  entitled  Plea  for  Chris 
tian  Communion;  and  wrote  for  the 
Christian  Advocate  a  series  of  letters  on 
Travels  in  Europe  for  Health  in  1820,  that 
were  widely  read.  He  died  May  31,  1831, 
in  Oxford,  Pa. 

DICKEY,  HENRY  L.,  civil  engineer, 
lawyer  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  29,  1832,  in  South  Salem,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1861;  was  a  state  senator  m 
1867  and  1868;  ana  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-fifth  and 
forty-sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

DICKEY,  JESSE  C.,  congressman!  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1849  to  1851. 

DICKEY  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  member  of  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1843  to  1845,  and  from  1847  to  1849. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  United 
States  marshal  for  western  Pennsylvania. 
He  died  March  14,  1853,  in  Beaver  county, 
Pa. 


DICKEY,  JOHN  McELROY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1789,  in  York 
district,  S.  C.  He  went  on  missionary 
tours,  organized  many  new  churches  in 
Indiana,  and  his  connection  with  the  be 
ginnings  of  the  presbyterian  church  in 
that  territory  caused  him  to  be  widely 
known  in  his  denomination.  He  pub 
lished  a  History  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Indiana,  and  was  preparing  a 
fontinuation  of  it  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  died  Nov.  21,  1849,  near  Wash 
ington,  Ind. 

DICKEY,  JOHN  MILLER,  clergyman, 
educator,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1806,  in  Ox 
ford,  Pa.  He  conducted  the  Oxford  Fe 
male  seminary  for  fifteen  years  in  addi 
tion  to  his  pastoral  duties.  He  took  the 
principal  part  in  establishing  the  Ash- 
mun  institute,  afterward  Lincoln  univer 
sity,  at  Oxford,  and  was  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  from  1854  till  his  death. 
He  died  March  21,  1878,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

DICKEY,  MOSES  R.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1827,  in  Richland 
county,  Ohio.  He  served  as  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  fifteenth  regiment  Ohio  vol 
unteer  infantry,  and  as  colonel  in  the 
same  regiment.  He  has  served  as  judge 
of  court  of  common  pleas. 

DICKEY,  OLIVER  J.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  6,  1823,  in  Brighton, 
Pa.  He  was  district  attorney  for  Lan 
caster  county  from  1856  to  1859;  was 
elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  fortieth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
first  and  forty-second  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

DICKEY,  THEOPHILUS  LYLE,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1812,  near 
Paris,  Ky.  He  read  law  in  his  native 
state,  removed  to  Ohio,  liberated  the 
slaves  that  he  had  inherited,  and  after 
ward  established  himself  in  practice  in 
Illinois.  During  the  Mexican  war  he 
served  as  a  captain  in  Colonel  Hardin's 
regiment,  and  in  the  civil  war  he  was 
colonel  of  the  eleventh  Illinois  cavalry, 
and  served  for  two  years  under  General 
Grant,  on  whose  staff  he  served  for  some 
months  as  chief  of  cavalry.  From  1868 
till  the  close  of  President  Johnson's  ad 
ministration  he  was  assistant  attorney- 
general  of  the  United  States.  From  1876 
till  his  death  he  was  judge  of  the  Illinois 
supreme  court.  He  died  July  22,  1885,  in 
Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 

DICKIE,  SAMUEL,  astronomer,  lec 
turer,  was  born  June  6,  1851,  in  Oxford 
county,  Canada.  For  ten  years  he  was 
professor  of  astronomy  and  physics  in  the 
Albion  college,  Mich.  He  is  prominent  in 
political  affairs  as  a  prohibitionist;  and 
has  lectured  extensively  on  scientific  sub 
jects. 

DICKINS,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1747,  in  London,  Eng 
land.  He  suggested  the  plan  of  Cokes- 
bury  college,  New  Abingdon,  Md.,  the  first 
methodist  academic  institution  in  this 
country.  He  issued  the  Arminian  Maga 
zine  in  Philadelphia  in  1789-90,  and  the 
Methodist  Magazine  from  1797  till  his 
death.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1798,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

DICKINSON,  ALFRED  ELIJAH,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1830,  in  Orange 
county,  Va.  He  associated  himself  with 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Jeter  as  joint  owner  and  ed 
itor  of  the  Religious  Herald,  of  Rich 
mond,  Va.,  and  since  the  death  of  Dr. 
Jeter  has  been  editor-in-chief  of  that  jour 
nal. 

DICKINSON,  ANDREW  GLASSEL,  sol 
dier,  was  born  April  15,  1835,  in  Bowling 
Green,  Va.  He  served  through  the  civil 
war  as  a  confederate;  and  for  gallant  and 


meritorious  services  received  the  rank  of 
colonel. 

DICKINSON,  ANNA  ELIZABETH,  suf 
fragist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
28,  1842,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  is  a 
famous  lecturer,  and  the  author  of  A  Pay 
ing  Investment,  a  Plea  for  Education;  A 
Ragged  Register  of  People,  Places  and 
Opinions;  What  Answer?  a  novel;  and 
two  plays,  Mary  Tudor;  The  Crown  of 
Thorns. 

DICKINSON,  CHARLES  MONROE, 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  in  November, 
1842,  in  Lowville,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Binghamton  Re 
publican,  one  of  the  most  influential 
newspapers  in  the  state  of  New  York.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  The  Children,  and  Other  Verses. 

DICKINSON,  CORNELIUS  EVARTS, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  23, 
1835,  in  Heath,  Mass.  He  has  filled  pas 
torates  in  the  congregational  church  at 
Oak  Park  and  Elgin,  111.,  and  at  Marietta, 
Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Century  of 
Church  Work. 

DICKINSON,  DANIEL  STEVENS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1800, 
in  Goshen,  Conn.  In  1836  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate,  serving  from  1837  to 
1840;  was  judge  of  the  court  of  errors 
from  1836  to  1841;  and  from  1842  to  1844 
was  president  of  that  court.  He  was  lieu 
tenant-governor  and  president  of  the  sen 
ate.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1844  to  1851.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Baltimore  conventions  of 
1848  and  1852;  and  in  1861  was  elected 
attorney-general  of  the  state  of  New 
York.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Balti 
more  convention  of  1864;  and  in  1865  was 
appointed  United  States  district  attorney 
for  the  southern  district  of  New  York. 
His  Speeches  and  Correspondence,  with  a 
biography  of  him  by  his  brother,  ap 
peared  in  1867.  He  died  April  12,  1866,  in 
New  York  city. 

DICKINSON,  DAVID  W.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1833  to  1835;  and  again 
from  1843  to  1845.  He  died  April  27,  1845. 
in  Franklin,  Tenn. 

DICKINSON,  DONALD  McDONALD, 
cabinet  officer,  lawyer,  politician,  was 
born  Jan.  17,  1847,  in  Port  Ontario,  N.  Y. 
In  1888  he  became  postmaster-general  of 
the  United  States. 

DICKINSON,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  1, 
1803,  in  Amherst,  Mass.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature  in  1838  and 
1839;  of  the  state  senate  in  1842  and  1843; 
of  the  governor's  council  in  1846  and  1847; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1853  to  1855.  He  was  again  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  in  1873.  He  died  June 
16,  1874. 

DICKINSON,  EDWARD  F.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  21,  1829,  in  Fremont,  Ohio.  He  served 
three  years  in  the  union  army  as  a  lieu 
tenant  and  regimental  quartermaster.  He 
was  elected  judge  of  probate  for  Sandusky 
county  in  1866;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

DICKINSON,  EMILY,  poet,  was  born 
in  1830,  in  Massachusetts.  She  was  a  poet 
whose  entire  life  was  passed  in  Amherst, 
Mass.,  in  great  seclusion,  and  who  rarely 
published  any  of  her  work.  Since  her 
death  attention  has  been  drawn  to  the 
strikingly  original  nature  of  her  poetry 
by  the  publication  of  three  volumes  of 
poems,  selected  from  her  manuscripts. 
She  died  in  1886. 


302 


HEKRINOSHAVS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DICKINSON,  HESTER  A.,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  in  Ohio.  She  is  the  author 
of  two  volumes  of  poems  entitled  Vesta; 
and  Fagots.  She  is  engaged  in  newspaper 
work,  and  president  of  the  Pacific  Coast 
Women's  Press  association. 

DICKINSON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  author,  'was  born  Nov.  13,  1732,  in 
Maryland.  In  1764  he  was  a  member  of 
the  assembly,  and  in 
1765  of  the  general 
congress.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress 
from  1774  to  1776. 
From  1776  to  1777  he 
was  a  delegate  to 
congress  from  Dela 
ware,  and  again 
from  1779  to  1780, 
and  signed  the  ar 
ticles  of  confedera 
tion  as  well  as  the 
constitution.  In  1781  he  was  president  of 
that  state;  and  in  1782  was  chosen  presi 
dent  of  Pennsylvania,  and  filled  that  of 
fice  until  1785.  He  was  a  political  writer 
of  great  influence  during  the  period  of  the 
revolution.  Dickinson  college,  which  he 
helped  to  found,  was  named  in  his  honor. 
He  wrote  vigorously  against  the  stamp 
act,  and  his  various  state  papers  display 
both  eloquence  and  dignity.  His  works 
are  Petition  to  the  King;  Second  Petition 
to  the  King;  Letters  from  a  Pennsylvania 
Farmer;  Letters  of  Fabius.  He  died  Feb. 
14,  1808,  in  Wilmington. 

DICKINSON,  JOHN  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1767,  in  Middlesex  county, 
Conn.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
New  York  from  1819  to  1823,  and  again 
from  1827  to  1831.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1841, 
in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

DICKINSON,  JONATHAN,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  England.  He  was  a 
chief  justice  of  Pennsylvania,  who  came 
to  the  colony  in  1696.  His  book,  entitled 
God's  Protecting  Providence  Man's  Surest 
Help  in  Times  of  Danger,  is  a  narrative 
of  personal  adventure,  and  has  been  sev 
eral  times  reprinted  since  its  first  appear 
ance  in  1699.  He  died  in  1722. 

DICKINSON,  JONATHAN,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  April 
22,  1688,  in  Hatfleld,  Mass.  He  was  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  of  Elizabethtown, 
N.  J.,  who  was  one  of  tiie  chief  American 
theologians  of  his  day,  and  the  first  presi 
dent  of  the  college  of  New  Jersey,  now 
Princeton  college.  He  was  the  author  of 
Familiar  Letters  Upon  Important  Sub 
jects  in  Religion;  Reasonableness  of 
Christianity;  and  True  Scripture  Doc 
trine.  He  died  Oct.  17,  1747,  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.  J. 

DICKINSON,  JULIAN  G.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1843,  in  Erie  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  union  schools  of  Jonesville  and  Jack 
son,  Mich.;  and  in  1856  graduated  from 
the  university  of  Michigan.  He  served 
as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil  war; 
served  three  years  in  the  army  of  the 
Cumberland;  was  promoted  to  adjutant 
of  the  fourth  regiment  Michigan  cavalry, 
and  brevetted  captain  United  States  vol 
unteers  for  meritorious  service  in  the  cap 
ture  of  Jefferson  Davis,  May  10,  1865. 
Since  1867  he  has  practiced  law  In  Detroit, 
Mich.,  and  has  attained  eminent  success 
in  his  profession. 

DICKINSON,  MARQUIS  FAYETTE. 
educator,  business  man,  lawyer,  was  born 
Jan.  16.  1840,  in  Amherst.  Mass.  He  is 
descended  from  Nathaniel  Dickinson,  one 
of  the  Winthrop  colony  of  1630.  who  set 
tled  Weathersfield,  Conn.,  and  in  1658 
was  one  of  the  adventurers  who  founded 
the  town  of  Hadley,  Mass.  The  subject  of 


this  sketch  received  a  thorough  educa 
tion,  and  graduated  from  the  Williston 
seminary  in  1858;  from  Amherst  college 
in  1862;  and  studied  law  at  the  Harvard 
law  school.  He  was  a  teacher  of  classics 
in  the  Williston  seminary  during  1862-65; 
was  a  trustee  of  that  institution;  and  was 
a  member  of  the  boaru  of  overseers  of 
charity  fund  of  Amherst  college.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Nashawannuck 
Manufacturing  company,  and  a  director 
of  the  Williston  mills,  both  of  Easthamp- 
ton,  Mass.;  and  president  of  the  Whit- 
comb  Envelope  company.  He  is  now  a 
noted  lawyer  of  Boston,  Mass;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Boston  common  council  in 
1872;  and  has  filled  numerous  public  po 
sitions  of  honor  in  his  native  state.  He 
is  the  author  of  Legislation  on  the  Hours 
of  Labor;  and  Amherst  Centennial  Ad 
dress. 

DICKINSON,  PHILEMON,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  April  5,  1739,  in  Dover,  Del.  He 
commanded  the  Jersey  militia  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Monmouth;  and  was  a  delegate 
from  Delaware  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1782  to  1783.  After  the  organization 
of  the  national  government  in  its  pres 
ent  form,  he  was  appointed  a  senator  in 
congress  from  1790  to  1793.  He  died  Feb. 
4,  1809,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

DICKINSON,  RICHARD  WILLIAM, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  21, 
1804,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  Scenes  from  Sacred  His 
tory;  Responses  from  the  Sacred  Oracles; 
Religious  Teaching  by  Example;  Life  and 
Times  of  John  Howard;  and  The  Resur 
rection  of  Christ  Historically  and  Logic 
ally  Viewed.  He  died  Aug.  16,  1874,  in 
Fordham,  N.  Y. 

DICKINSON,  RODOLPHUS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1787,  in  Deer- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  in  Deerfield,  Mass.,  who  published  a 
much  criticised  New  and  Corrected  Ver 
sion  of  the  New  Testament;  and  Geo 
graphical  and  Statistical  View  of  Massa 
chusetts.  He  died  in  1863,  in  Deerfield, 
Mass. 

DICKINSON,  RUDOLi-rilio,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Massacnusetts.  Having 
removed  to  Ohio,  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1847  to  1849.  He  died  in  August, 
1849. 

DICKSON,  ANDREW  FLINN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1825,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Alabama,  and  the  author  of 
Plantation  Sermons;  The  Temptation  in 
the  Desert;  and  The  Light,  is  It  Waning? 
He  died  in  1879,  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 

DICKSON,  CYRUS,  clergyman,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1816,  in  Erie  county,  Pa. 
He  was  chosen  permanent  clerk  of  the 
general  assembly,  and  soon  afterward 
secretary  of  the  board  of  home  missions, 
also  representing  the  board  at  the  pan- 
presbyterian  council  in  Edinburgh,  Scot 
land,  in  1877.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1881,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

DICKSON,  DAVID,  congressman.  He 
was  a  member  of  congress  from  Missis 
sippi  in  1835  and  1836.  He  died  July  31, 
1836,  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

DICKSON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1783,  in  Keene, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  New  York  congressman, 
early  prominent  in  opposition  to  slavery, 
and  served  in  congress  during  1831-35. 
He  is  the  author  of  Remarks  on  the  Pre 
sentation  of  Petitions  for  the  Abolition  of 
Slavery  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  He 
died  Feb.  22,  1852,  in  West  Bloomfield, 
N.  Y. 


DICKSON,  JOHN  J.,  soldier,  farmer, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1826,  in  Scott  coun 
ty,  Ind.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  with 
Sherman's  army  on  its  famous  march  to 
the  sea.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  of 
West  Grove,  Iowa;  has  gained  a  reputa 
tion  as  a  poet;  and  some  of  his  produc 
tions  appear  in  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works. 
'  DICKSON,  SAMUEL,  physician,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  during  the  thir 
ty-fourth  congress. 

DICKSON,  SAMUEL  HENRY,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1798, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  physician 
of  eminence  in  Charleston,  and  after 
wards  in  Philadelphia,  where,  from  1858 
to  1872  he  was  a  professor  in  the  Jeffer 
son  Medical  college.  He  was  the  autnor 
of  Essays  on  Life,  Sleep,  Pain  and  Death; 
On  the  Correlation  of  Forces;  ^Esthetics 
of  Suicide;  Elements  of  Medicine;  Den 
gue,  its  History,  Pathology,  and  Treat 
ment;  Manual  of  Pathology;  Practice  of 
Medicine;  Essays  on  Pathology  and 
Therapeutics;  and  Studies  in  Pathology 
and  Therapeutics.  He  died  March  31, 
1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DICKSON,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1801  to  1807. 

DIDIER,  EUGENE  LEMOINE,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1838,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  is  the  author  of  Life 
of  Poe;  Life  and  Letters  of  Madame 
Bonaparte;  Primer  of  Criticism;  and  The 
Political  Adventures  of  James  G.  Blaine. 

DIDIER,  FRANKLIN  JAMES,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  in  1794,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  a  Baltimore  physician 
who  was  the  autnor  of  Didier's  Letters 
from  Paris;  and  Franklin's  Letters  to  His 
Kinsfolk.  He  died  in  1840,  in  Baltimore, 
Md. 

DIEKEMA,  GERRIT  J.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  March  27,  1859,  in 
Holland,  Mich.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Holland;  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Michigan  state  legislature 
during  1885-92;  and  was  speaker  of  the 
house  in  1889. 

DIELMAN,  FREDERICK,  artist,  was 
born  Dec.  25,  1847,  in  Germany.  He 
served  as  a  topographer  and  draughtsman 
of  United  States  engineers  in  Fortress 
Monroe  and  Baltimore,  and  in  the  survey 
of  canal  routes  over  the  Alleghanies  of 
Virginia. 

DIbTERICH,  LOUIS  PHILIP,  artist, 
was  born  April  8,  1842,  in  Germany.  He 
studied  in  the  best  schools  of  Baltimore, 
Md.,  and  has  attained  prominence  as  a. 
portrait  painter. 

DIETZ,  ELLA,  poet.  She  is  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  The  Tri 
umph  of  Time. 

DILL,  JAMES  HERON  HORTON,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1821,  in  Ply 
mouth,  Mass.  He  filled  a  pastorate  in 
Spencerport,  N.  Y.,  for  eight  years,  then 
moved  to  Chicago,  where  he  became  pas 
tor  of  the  South  Congregational  church. 
He  died  Jan.  14,  1S63. 

DILLARD,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1846,  m  Amherst  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Virginia  Military  institute  and  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of  his  na 
tive  state;  and  since  1880  has  served  with 
distinction  as  judge  of  Amherst  county 
court,  Va. 

DILLAYE,  STEPHEN  DEVALSON,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1820,  in  New  York.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Money  and  Fi 
nances  of  the  French  Revolution  in  1789. 
He  died  in  1884. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    JtlOGRAFHY. 


302 


DILLER,  JOSEPH  SILAS,  educator, 
geologist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1850, 
in  Plainfield,  Pa.  In  1883  he  became  as 
sistant  geologist  on  the  United  States 
geological  survey,  and  in  that  capacity 
has  traveled  extensively  throughout  the 
United  States.  He  is  the  author  of  Notes 
on  the  Geology  of  the  Troad;  Diamonds 
in  the  United  States;  and  Notes  on  the 
Geology  of  Northern  California. 

DILLINGHAM,  FRED  AUGUSTINE, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1851, 
in  Auburn,  Maine.  He  is  a  distinguished 
clergyman  of  New  England;  fills  a  pas 
torate  in  Bridgeport,  Conn.;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  Life  of  Jesus. 

DILLINGHAM,  PAUL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  in  August,  1800,  in  Shutesbury, 
Mass.  He  was  justice  of  the  peace  eight 
een  years;  was  state's  attorney  for  Wash 
ington  county  from  1835  to  1838;  and  was 
a  member  of  the  constitutional  conven 
tion  in  1836  and  1837.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  general  assembly  six 
years;  state  senator  in  1841  and  1842;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1843  to  1847;  and  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Vermont  for  the  year  1866. 

DILLMAN,  FREDERICK,  artist,  was 
born  Dec.  25,  1847,  in  Germany.  He  stud 
ied  art  in  the  Royal  academy  of  Munich, 
and  was  secretary  of  the  international 
board  of  jury  for  fine  arts  at  the  World's 
Columbian  exposition. 

DILLON,  JOHN  FORREST,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1831,  in 
Washington  county,  N.  Y.  He  went  to 
Iowa,  and  was  elected  prosecuting  at 
torney;  in  1858  judge  of  the  seventh  ju 
dicial  district  of  Iowa;  and  re-elected  in 
1862  for  a  second  term.  In  1869  he  was 
commissioned  United  States  circuit  judge 
for  the  eighth  judicial  circuit.  Since  1879 
he  has  resided  in  New  York  city.  He  is 
the  author  of  United  States  Circuit  Court 
Reports;  Municipal  Corporations;  Re 
moval  of  Causes  from  State  to  Federal 
Courts;  Municipal  Bonds;  and  Laws  and 
Jurisprudence  of  England  and  America. 

DILLON,  ROBERT  MATHEW,  clergy 
man,  theologian,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1859, 
in  Madison,  Ind.  He  attended  Oberlin 
college  in  1883-84;  Hanover  college  in 
1884-89;  and  McCorrnick  Theological  sem 
inary  of  Chicago  in  1889-92.  He  then  en 
tered  the  presbyterian  ministry,  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in  Greencastle,  Ind.,  and 
Bowling  Green,  Ohio.  He  has  contributed 
extensively  to  religious  literature. 

DILLON,  SIDNEY,  railroad  president, 
was  born  May  7,  1812,  in  Northampton, 
N.  Y.  He  was  twice  president,  at  inter 
vals,  of  the  Union  Pacific  railroad,  and 
other  railroad  systems.  He  died  June  9, 
1892,  in  New  York  city. 

DILLWYN,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  26,  173a,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  the  author  of  Dillwyn's 
Reflections.  He  died  June  23,  1821. 

DIMAN,  BYRON,  manufacturer,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  in  1795,  in 
Bristol,  R.  I.  He  was  for  many  years 
either  a  state  senator  or  a  member  of  the 
lower  house,  and  was  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  state  for  three  years.  In  1846  he 
was  elected  governor.  He  died  Aug.  1, 
1865,  in  Bristol,  R.  I. 

DIMAN,  JEREMIAH  LEWIS,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  May  1,  1831, 
in  Bristol,  R.  I.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman,  who  was  professor  of  history 
and  political  economy  in  Brown  univer 
sity  from  1864.  He  is  the  author  of  Ora 
tions  and  Essays;  The  Theistic  Argument 
as  Affected  by  Recent  Theories.  He  died 
Feb.  3,  1881,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 


DIMICK.  JUSTIN,  soldier,  was  bom 
Aug.  5,  1800,  in  Hartford  county,  Conn. 
He  served  with  distinction  during  the 
civil  war;  and  in  1865  received  the  brevet 
of  brigadier-general  in  the  United  States 
army.  From  1864  until  his  death  he  was 
governor  of  the  Soldiers'  home,  near 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  died  in  October, 
1871. 

DIMITRY,  ALEXANDER,  educator, 
was  born  Feb.  7,  1805,  iu  New  Orleans, 
La.  In  1842  he  organized  the  free  school 
system  in  Louisiana,  and  for  three  years 
was  state  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction.  Under  the  confederate  gov 
ernment  he  was  chief  of  the  finance  bu 
reau  in  the  postofllce  department.  He 
was  afterward  prominently  identified 
with  educational  work,  and  in  1870  was 
elected  professor  of  ancient  languages  in 
the  Christian  Brothers  college  of  .Missis 
sippi.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1883. 

DIMITRY,  CHARLES  PATTON,  sol 
dier,  journalist,  author,  was  born  July  31, 
1837,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  in  the  confederate 
army  as  a  private  in  the  Louisiana 
Guards.  Since  the  war  he  has  been  con 
nected  with  the  press  of  Baltimore,  Wash 
ington,  Richmond  and  New  Orleans.  He 
is  the  author  of  Guilty  or  Not  Guilty; 
Angela's  Christmas;  The  Alderly  Trag 
edy;  and  The  House  in  Balfour  Street. 

DIMITRY,  JOHN  BULL  SMITH,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1835,  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  he  served  as  a  con 
federate  soldier  during  the  civil  war.  For 
seven  years  he  was  the  dramatic  and  lit 
erary  critic  of  the  New  Orleans  Times; 
and  during  1881-89  was  editorially  con 
nected  with  the  New  York  Mail  and  Ex 
press.  He  is  the  author  of  History  and 
Geography  of  Louisiana  from  Its  Earliest 
Settlement  to  the  Close  of  the  Civil  War. 

DIMM,  JONATHAN  ROSE,  educator, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Aug.  28,  1830,  in  Hughesville,  Pa.  He  was 
principal  of  the  Missionary  institute  of 
Selins  Grove,  Pa.,  for  twelve  years,  up  to 
1894,  when  he  became  president  of  that 
institution,  which  developed  into  the  Sus- 
quehanna  university. 

DIMMICK,  FRANCIS  MARION,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1827,  in  Union- 
dale,  Pa.  For  a  while  he  taught  school; 
and  graduated  in  1860  from  the  Lane 
Theological  seminary  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
He  tnen  went  to  Omaha,  Neb.,  where  he 
organized  the  First  Presbyterian  church, 
of  which  he  was  pastor  for  twelve  years. 
In  1872  he  moved  to  Santa  Rosa,  Cal.,  and 
in  1884  to  Los  Angeles,  where  he  estab 
lished  the  Grand  View  Presbyterian 
church,  of  which  he  is  still  pastor. 

DIMMICK,  MILO  M.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1849  to  1853.  He  died  Nov.  21,  1872, 
in  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa. 

DIMMICK,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  20, 
1815,  in  Milford,  Pa.  He  was  prosecuting 
attorney  for  the  commonwealth  of  Penn 
sylvania  for  Wayne  county  in  1836  and 
1837;  and  was  a  member  of  fhe  state  sen 
ate  in  1845,  1846  and  1847.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  in 
the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1861,  in  Hones- 
dale,  Pa. 

DIMMOCK,  GEORGE,  zoologist,  author, 
was  born  May  17,  1852,  in  Springfield, 
Mass.  He  received  his  education  at  Har 
vard  college  and  the  universities  of  Paris 
and  Leipzic.  He  has  written  consider 
ably  on  biological  subjects,  especially  on 
insects.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was 


editor  of  Psyche,  a  journal  of  entomology. 
He  is  the  author  of  Anatomy  of  Mouth 
Parts  of  Some  Insects  of  the  Order  of 
Diptera.  He  is  also  the  author  of  a  gene 
alogical  work  on  the  Dimmock  family. 

DIMOCK,  DAVIS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1841  to  1842.  He  died 
Jan.  lo,  1842. 

DIMON,  NATHAN  H.,  soldier,  educator, 
clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1846, 
in  Bridge  Hampton,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he  en 
listed  and  served  for  three  years  as  a 
private  in  company  G,  eighty-first  regi 
ment  New  York  infantry,  and  was  wound 
ed  at  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  Va.  For 
many  years  he  was  engaged  in  educational 
work,  and  since  1873  nas  been  a  baptist 
clergyman. 

DIMOND,  FRANCIS  M.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Rhode  Island  for  one 
year,  beginning  in  1853. 

DINGEE,  WILLIAM  JACKSON,  cap 
italist,  philanthropist,  was  born  July  22, 
1853,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
organizer  of  the  Piedmont  Water  compa 
ny  in  1891,  and  was  its  president  until 
1894. 

DINGLEY,  E.  N.,  journalist,  politician, 
was  born  Aug.  21,  1862,  in  Auburn,  Maine. 
Since  1888  he  has  been  the  editor  and  part 
owner  of  the  Daily  Telegraph  of  Kalama- 
zoo,  Mich.  In  1897  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  Michigan  republican  league, 
and  takes  an  active  part  in  political  af 
fairs. 

DINGLEY,  NELSON,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born  Feb. 
15,  1832,  in  Durham,  Maine.  In  1856  he 
became  the  proprie 
tor  and  editor  of  the 
Lewiston  Journal. 
Between  the  years 
1862  and  1873  he  was 
six  times  elected  to 
the  state  legislature, 
serving  as  speaker 
in  1863  and  1864.  In 
1873  and  also  in  1874 
he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Maine.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
republican  national 
convention  of  1876;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Maine  to  the  forty- 
seventh  congress,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-eighth,  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fif 
ty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

DINNIES,  MRS.  ANNA  PEYRE 
SHACKELFORD,  poet,  was  born  in  1816 
in  Georgetown,  S.  C.  She  was  a  poet  of 
New  Orleans  who  published  The  Floral 
Year,  a  collection  of  one  hundred  poems. 
She  died  Aug.  8,  1886,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

DINSMOOR,  ROBERT,  poet,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  7,  1757,  in  Windham,  N.  H. 
He  was  known  as  The  Rustic  Bard,  and 
published  Incidental  Poems,  strongly  imi 
tative  of  Burns.  He  died  in  1836. 

DINSMOOR,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  jurist, 
congressman,  governor,  author,  was  born 
July  1,  1766,  in  Londonderry,  N.  H.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  major-general  of 
militia;  a  presidential  elector  in  1821; 
and  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  i811  to  1813.  He 
was  a  judge  of  probate;  and  served  as 
governor  of  his  native  state  during  the 
years  1831-1833.  He  died  March  15,  1835, 
at  Keene,  N.  H. 

DINSMOOR,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  gover 
nor,  was  born  May  8,  1799,  in  Keene,  N. 
H.  He  was  governor  of  New  Hampshire 
from  1849  to  1853.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1869, 
in  Keene,  N.  H. 


304 


IIKKRINCSHAWS    KNC'Yl'l.<  (PKD1 A    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DINSMORE,  MRS.  B.  A.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  in  1836  in  Guilford,  Maine.  She 
is  a  teacher  of  vocal  music  in  Foxcroft, 
Maine;  and  has  written  a  number  of 
meritorious  poems. 

DINSMORE,  HUGH  ANDERSON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1850, 
in  Benton  county,  Ark.  In  1878  he  was 
ejected  prosecuting 
attorney  of  the 
fourth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Arkansas; 
was  re-elected  in 
1880,  and  again  with 
out  opposition  in 
1882.  In  1887  he  was 
appointed  minister 
resident  and  con 
sul-general  of  tne 
United  States  in  the 
kingdom  of  Korea 
and  served  in  that 
capacity  until  1890.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

DINSMORE,  WILLIAM  B.,  president  of 
the  Adams  Express  company,  was  born  in 
1810,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  made  the  ac 
quaintance  of  Alvin  Adams,  who  sent  him 
to  New  York  to  take  charge  of  the  Adams 
express  business  there.  He  afterward  took 
John  Hoey  into  his  employment,  and 
from  that  time  these  two  men  toiled  un 
tiringly  to  build  up  the  Adams  Express 
company.  In  a  few  years  they  had  ex 
tended  the  route  of  the  company  to  all 
parts  of  the  country.  He  died  April  20, 
1888,  in  New  York  city. 

DIRCK,  CORNELIUS  LANSING,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  3,  1785, 
in  Lansingburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman  for  many  years  con 
nected  with  Auburn  Theological  semi 
nary,  who  published  Sermons  on  Impor 
tant  Subjects.  He  died  March  19,  1857. 

DISHAROON,  JOHN  H.,  educator,  was 
born  Aug.  17,  1873,  in  Marble  Hill,  Ga. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  educator, 
And  is  now  engaged  in  that  profession  at 
Huntsville,  Tex. 

DISNEY,  DAVID  T.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1803,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  moved  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
in  1820;  was  frequently  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  of  Ohio,  and  three  times 
elected  speaker.  He  represented  his 
adopted  state  in  congress  from  1849  to 
1855.  He  died  March  14,  1857,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

DISC-SWAY,  GABRIEL  POILLON,  anti 
quarian,  author,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1799,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  an  antiquary  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  The 
Children's  Book  of  Sermons;  and  The 
Earliest  Churches  of  New  York  and  its 
Vicinity.  He  died  July  9,  1868,  in  Staten 
Island,  N.  Y. 

DISSTON,  HENRY,  manufacturer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  May  21,  1819,  in  Eng 
land.  He  invented  more  than  twenty  im 
provements  in  saw  manufacture,  among 
them  the  movable  or  inserted  teeth.  He 
was  the  inventor  and  manufacturer  of 
the  Disston  saw.  He  died  March  16,  1878, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DISTURNELL,  JOHN,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1801,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  map  publisher  of  New 
York  city  who  was  an  industrious  com 
piler  of  guide  books  and  similar  litera 
ture.  He  is  the  author  of  New  York  as 
it  Was  and  Is,  1876;  Influence  of  Climate 
in  North  and  South  America;  The  Great 
Lakes  of  America;  and  Traveller's  Guide 
to  Hudson  River;  Tourist's  Guide  to  the 
Upper  Mississippi;  and  other  works.  He 
<lied  Oct.  1,  1877,  in  New  York  city. 


DITSON,  CHARLES  HEALY,  publish 
er,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1845.  He  is  treasur 
er  of  the  now  incorporated  firm  of  The 
Oliver  Ditson  company  of  Boston,  which 
owns  the  branch  house  in  Philadelphia, 
and  is  part  owner  of  Lyon  and  Healy  of 
Chicago. 

DITSON,  GEORGE  LEIGHTON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1812,  in 
Westford,  Mass.  He  is  a  noted  traveler 
who  published  Circassia,  or  a  Tour  to  the 
Caucasus;  Crimora;  The  Para  Papers,  or 
France,  Egypt,  and  Ethiopia;  The  Cres 
cent  and  the  French  Crusaders;  and  The 
Fedariti  of  Italy,  a  Romance  of  Circas 
sian  Captivity. 

DITSON,  OLIVER,  music  publisher, 
was  born  Oct.  20,  1811,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  established  the  publishing  firm  of  Oli 
ver  Ditson  and  Co.,  wuich  has  become 
known  .throughout  the  United  States.  For 
twenty-five  years  he  was  president  of  the 
Continental  bank  of  his  city.  He  died 
Dec.  21,  1888,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DITTENHOEFER,  ABRAM  J.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1836,  in  Charleston,  S. 
C.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
city  court  of  Columbia,  and  in  1864  was 
judge  of  the  district  court  of  South  Caro 
lina. 

DIVEN,  ALEXANDER  S.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  15, 
1809,  in  Catharine,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  sen 
ator  in  the  New  York  legislature  in  1858; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 

DIVOL,  IRA,  educator,  was  born  in  Oc 
tober,  1820,  in  Topham,  Vt.  He  was  elect 
ed  state  superintendent  of  public  schools 
in  Missouri.  He  laid  the  foundation  of 
the  public  school  library,  which  afterward 
became  the  public  library  in  St.  Louis. 
He  died  June  22,  1871,  in  Baraboo,  Wis. 

DIX,  AUGUSTUS  J.,  educator,  was 
born  April  13,  1831,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
moved  to  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  and  was  one 
of  the  incorporators,  and  for  three  years 
president  of  the  city  hospital.  Since  1880 
he  has'  been  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  of  the  city  of  Elizabeth. 

DIX,  CHARLES  TEMPLE,  artist,  was 
born  Feb.  25,  1838,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  His 
Sunset  in  Capri  is  a  spirited  study  of  sea 
and  shore.  He  died  March  11,  1873,  in 
Rome,  Italy. 

DIX,  DOROTHEA  LYNDE,  philan 
thropist,  author,  was  born  about  1794  in 
Worcester,  Mass.  She  was  a  famous  Mas 
sachusetts  philanthropist  the  greater  part 
of  whose  life  was  spent  in  efforts  to  im 
prove  the  condition  of  the  insane.  Her 
writings,  except  Prisons  and  Prison  Dis 
cipline,  are  intended  for  children,  and  in 
clude  The  Garland  of  Flora;  Conversa 
tions  about  Common  Things;  Alice  and 
Ruth;  and  Evening  Hours.  She  died  July 
19,  1887,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

DIX,    JOHN   ADAMS,    statesman,    was 
born  July  24,  1798,  in  Boscawen,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  general  and  statesman  who,  while 
_^^^—-       -  secretary       of       the 
-     .  treasury  in  1861,  is- 

r~  •  "•  sued  the  celebrated 
Ink  order,  If  any  one 
attempts  to  haul 
£••  &0Pt  down  the  American 
flag,  shoot  him  on 
the  spot.  He  was  a 
United  States  sen 
ator,  and  governor 
of  New  York  during 
1873-75.  He  was  the 
author  of  A  Winter 
in  Madeira,  and  A 
Summer  in  Spain  and  Florence;  Speeches 
and  Occasional  Addresses;  and  Resources 
of  the  State  of  New  York.  He  died  April 
21,  1879. 


DIX,  JOHN  HOMER,  oculist,  aurist; 
author,  was  born  about  1810.  He  was  an* 
oculist  and  aurist  of  Boston  who  pub 
lished  Changes  of  the  Blood,  a  translation 
from  the  French  of  Gibert;  Treatise  on 
Strabismus;  Morbid  Sensibility  of  the 
Retina;  and  The  Ophthalmoscope  and  its 
Uses.  He  died  in  1884. 

DIX,  MORGAN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  1,  1827,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  a  prominent  episcopal  clergyman  of 
New  York  city  conspicuous  among  High 
church  theologians,  and  rector  of  Trinity 
church  since  1859.  He  is  the  author  of 
Sermons,  Doctrinal  and  Practical;  Lec 
tures  on  the  Calling  of  a  Christian  Wom 
an;  Memoir  of  J.  A.  Dix,  his  father;  Gos 
pel  and  Philosophy;  The  Sacramental  Sys 
tem;  The  Seven  Deadly  Sins;  Lectures 
on  the  First  Prayer  Book  of  King  Ed 
ward  VI.;  and  The  Two  Estates— Wed 
ded  in  the  Lord,  Single  for  the  Kingdom 
of  Heaven's  Sake. 

DIXEY,  HENRY  E.,  actor,  was  born 
Jan.  6,  1839,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1875  he 
played  the  Heifer  in  Evangeline  at  the 
Globe  theatre.  Other  roles  in  which  he 
has  been  seen  are:  Dr.  Syntax  in  Cinde 
rella  at  School,  Lorenzo  in  The  Mascot, 
Sir  Mincing  Lane  in  Billee  Taylor,  Bun- 
thorne  in  Patience,  Sir  Joseph  Porter  in 
Pinafore,  Peter  Papyms  in  The  New 
Evangeline,  and  Boss  Knivett  in  The 
Romany  Rye. 

DIXON,  ARCHIBALD,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  April  2,  1802,  in  Caswell  county,  N. 
C.  In  1830  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
legislature,  and  in  1836  in  the  state  sen 
ate.  He  was  again  in  the  lower  house  in 
1841;  and  in  1843  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Kentucky.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  United  States  senate  from  1852  to 
1855,  having  been  elected  to  fill  a  vacan 
cy.  He  died  April  23,  1876,  in  Henderson, 
Ky. 

DIXON,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
comic  singer,  was  born  about  1808.  He 
first  appeared  in  1827  as  a  comedian  in 
small  parts  at  the  amphitheatre  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  Thence  he  went  to  New 
York,  Philadelphia  and  other  large  cities, 
singing  his  famous  songs,  The  Coal-Black 
Rose  and  Zip  Coon,  to  admiring  throngs. 
He  died  in  March,  1861,  in  New  Orleans, 
La. 

DIXON,  JAMES,  lawyer,  legislator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  5, 
1814,  in  Enfield,  Conn.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  house  in  the  legislature  of  Con 
necticut  in  1837,  1838,  and  1844;  and  of 
the  state  senate  in  1849  and  1854.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1845  to  1849;  and  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  for  six  years 
from  1857.  He  was  re-elected  in  1863  for 
the  term  ending  in  1869.  He  died  March 
27,  1873,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

DIXON,  JAMES  MAIN,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1856  in  Scotland.  He 
•  has  been  a  professor  of  English  literature 
in  Washington  university,  St.  Louis,  since 
1892,  and  the  author  of  A  Dictionary  of 
Idiomatic  English  Phrases. 

DIXON,  JAMES  PAYSON,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  in  September, 
1842,  in  West  Lebanon,  Maine.  He  is  a 
successful  educator,  and  the  president  of 
Colby  academy  of  New  London,  N.  H. 

DIXON,  JOSEPH,  inventor,  was  born 
Jan.  18,  1799,  in  Marblehead,  Mass.  He 
was  entirely  self-educated,  and  early 
showed  unusual  mechanical  ingenuity, 
inventing  a  machine  for  cutting  files  be 
fore  he  was  twenty-one.  He  died  June 
17,  1869,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMEHICAN    BIOGRAPHV. 


305 


DIXON,  JOSEPH,  merchant,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  29,  1828,  in 
Greene  county,  N.  C.  He  has  been  a  mag 
istrate  and  judge  of  the  county  court; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
in  1868  and  1869.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-first  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

DIXON,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1799  to 
1801. 

DIXON,  LUTHER  C.,  jurist.  He  was 
an  early  emigrant  to  the  territory  of 
Wisconsin;  and  was  appointed  a  justice 
of  the  United  States  court  for  the  terri 
tory  of  Wisconsin. 

DIXON,  NATHAN  FELLOWS,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1774, 
in  Plainfield,  Conn.  In  1813  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  general  assembly  of 
that  state,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that 
capacity  for  seventeen  years;  and  from 
1839  to  1842  was  a  senator  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  Jan.  29,  1842,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

DIXON,  NATHAN  FELLOWS,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  1,  1812,  in 
Westerly,  R.  I.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Rhode  Island  to  the  thir 
ty-first  congress.  He  was  again  elected 
to  the  general  assembly  of  his  state  in 
1851,  and  with  the  exception  of  two  years 
held  the  office  until  1859.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth,  fortieth 
and  forty-first  congresses. 

DIXON,  NATHAN  FELLOWS,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  28,  1847,  in  Westerly,  R.  I.  In 
1877  he  was  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  district  of  Rhode 
Island;  and  was  reappointed  in  1881.  In 
1885  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Rhode  Island  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  elected 
in  1889  to  the  United  States  senate. 

DIXON,  SAM  H.,  author.  He  published 
a  collection  of  poems  with  biographies, 
entitled  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Texas. 

DIXON,  WILLIAM  \VIRT,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  3.  1838,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
legislative  assembly  of  Montana  territory 
in  1871-72;  was  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  conventions  of  Montana  of 
1884-89;  and  has  held  no  other  office.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

DOAK,  ARCHIBALD  A.,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  July  13,  1815,  in  Washing 
ton  county,  Tenn.  During  1840-50,  and 
1853-56  he  was  president  of  Washington 
college,  Tennessee.  He  died  May  26,  1866. 
in  Clarksville,  Tenn. 

DOAK.  JOHN  WHITEFIELD,  college 
president,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1778,  in  Rock- 
bridge  county,  Va.  In  1818  he  was  elect 
ed  president  of  Washington  college,  Ten 
nessee,  serving  until  1820.  He  died  Oct. 
6,  1820,  in  Green  Springs,  Va. 

DOAK,  SAMUEL,  was  president  of  Tus- 
culum  college,  Tennessee,  in  1857. 

DOAK,  SAMUEL  WITHERSPOON,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  March  24,  1785, 
in  Salem,  Tenn.  In  1838  he  was  elected 
president  of  Washington  college,  Ten 
nessee,  serving  until  1840.  He  died  Feb. 
3,  1864,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

DOAN,  ROBERT  E.,  journalist,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Clinton  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  editor  of  the  Wilmington 
Watchman  in  1859  and  I860;  and  was  ap 
pointed  prosecuting  attorney  for  Clinton 
county  in  1862.  He  was  elected  a  Garfield 
presidential  elector  for  the  third  congres 
sional  district  in  1880;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  republican. 

20 


DOANE,  AUGUSTUS  SIDNEY,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  April  2,  1808,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  appointed  chief 
physician  of  the  marine  hospital.  He  ed 
ited  Good's  Study  of  Medicine;  translated 
Maygrier's  Midwifery;  Dupuytren's  Sur 
gery;  Lugol's  Scrofulous  Diseases;  Vay- 
lis's  Descriptive  Anatomy;  Blandin's  Top 
ographical  Anatomy;  Ricord's  Syphilis; 
Chaussier  on  The  Arteries;  and  Scoutetten 
on  Cholera.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1852,  on 
Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

DOANE,  GEORGE  HOBART,  prelate, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1830,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  has  been  a  prelate  of  the  papal 
household  at  Rome  since  1886,  with  the 
title  of  monsignore.  He  Is  the  author  of 
First  Principles;  Exclusion  of  Protestant 
Worship  from  Rome;  and  Manual  of  In 
structions  and  Prayers. 

DOANE,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
bishop,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  27, 
1799,  in  Trenton,  N.  J.  He  was  the  sec 
ond  protestant  episcopal  bishop  of  New 
Jersey;  and  was  consecrated  bishop  in 
1832.  He  was  the  author  of  Songs  by  the 
Way;  and  Sermons  on  Various  Occasions. 
The  familiar  hymn  beginning  Softly  now 
the  light  of  day  is  one  of  his  most  noted 
poems.  He  died  April  27,  1859. 

DOANE,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maine.  Having  removed  to  Ohio, 
he  was  elected  a  representative  •  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1839  to  J843. 

DOANE,  WILLIAM  CROSWELL,  bish 
op,  poet,  author,  was  born  March  2,  1832, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  tne  first  protest- 
ant  episcopal  bishop  of  Albany.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems,  among 
which  The  Sculptor  Boy  is  often  quoted, 
and  has  published  several  works,  includ 
ing  Sermons;  Mosaics,  or  the  Harmony 
of  Collect  Epistle  and  Gospel  for  the  Sun 
days  of  the  Christian  Year.  As  a  theolo 
gian  his  place  is  amongst  liberal  high 
churchmen. 

DOANE,  WILLIAM  HOWARD,  musical 
composer,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1831,  in  Pres 
ton,  Conn.  His  works  include  Sabbath- 
School  Gems;  Little  Sunbeams;  Silver 
Spray;  and  Songs  of  Devotion. 

DOBBIN.  JAMES,  D.  D.,  rector  of  Shat- 
turk  school  of  Faribault,  Minn.,  was  born 
June  29,  1833,  in  Salem,  N.  Y.  He  re- 

ceived  his  education 

jfggjjjggg^jjfjgj^  at  the  Salem  Wash 
ington  academy,  the 
Argyle  academy; 
and  in  1859  graduat 
ed  from  Union  col 
lege  with  the  de 
gree  of  A.  B.  The 
same  year  he  moved 
to  Faribault  as  as 
sistant  in  the  mis 
sion  school  estab 
lished  by  Dr.  Breck 
the  previous  year. 

Returning  to  New  York  in  1860  he  had 
charge  successively  of  the  academies  of 
Argyle  and  Greenwich  until  1864.  He  then 
returned  to  Faribault  for  the  purpose  of 
studying  for  orders;  resumed  his  old 
place  as  assistant  to  Dr.  Breck,  and  in 
1867  succeeded  him  as  resident  head  of 
this  combined  institution;  and  a  year  la 
ter  was  ordained  to  the  priesthood  by 
Bishop  Whipple.  The  upbuilding  of 
Shattuck  school  has  been  his  life  work. 
He  has  administered  its  affairs  almost 
from  the  beginning  with  such  great  fore 
sight  and  executive  ability  that  after 
thirty-one  years  of  incessant  labor  on  his 
part  this  great  institution  of  learning  has 
become  one  of  the  largest  and  most  suc 
cessful  schools  in  America.  In  1888  he 
received  the  degree  of  D.  D.  from  Trinity 
college  of  Hartford. 


DOBBIN,  JAMES  COCHRANE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1814  in  Fay- 
etteville,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  in  1845,  and  declined  a  re-election. 
He  served  in  the  state  legislature  in  1848 
and  1850,  and  during  the  last  session  offi 
ciated  as  speaker;  and  in  1852  was  a  pres 
idential  elector.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
navy  during  the  whole  of  President 
Pierce's  administration.  He  died  Aug.  4, 
1857,  in  Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

DOBBIN,  JOSEPH  L.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  March  11,  1845,  in  Manchester, 
111.  He  served  as  a  private  during  the 
civil  war;  is  president  of  the  Union  Vete 
ran  league  of  Minnesota;  and  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  *f  the  west  at  Minneap 
olis. 

DOBBIN,  ROBERT  ARCHIBALD,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  March  17,  1839. 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  During  1880-82  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  house  of  dele 
gates  of  Maryland.  Since  1893  he  has 
been  postmaster  in  the  United  States  sen 
ate.  During  1862-65  he  was  in  the  con 
federate  service;  and  subsequently  at 
tained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Maryland. 

DOBBINS,  DANIEL,  naval  officer,  was 
born  July  5,  1776,  in  MifBin,  Pa.  He  was 
of  great  service  in  fitting  out  Perry's  fleet 
on  Lake  Erie,  and  was  with  the  expedi 
tion  under  Commodore  Sinclair  that  at 
tempted  to  recapture  Mackinaw.  He  died 
Feb.  29,  1856,  in  Presque  Isle. 

DOBBINS,  SAMUEL  A.,  farmer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
14,  1814,  in  Burlington  county,  N.  J.  He 
was  high  sheriff  of  Burlington  county 
from  1854  to  1857;  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  from  1859  to  1862;  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and  the  for 
ty-fourth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

DOBBS,  ARTHUR,  governor,  author, 
was  born  in  1684  in  Ireland.  He  was  the 
author  of  An  Account  of  the.  Countries 
Adjoining  Hudson's  Bay;  Trade  and  Im 
provement  of  Ireland;  and  Captain  Mid- 
dleton's  Defense.  In  1744  he  emigrated 
to  North  Carolina;  and  was  chosen  gov 
ernor  in  1754,  serving  until  his  death.  He 
died  March  28,  1765,  in  Town  Creek,  N.  C. 

DOCKERY,  ALEXANDER  MONROK. 
physician,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  11 . 
1845,  in  Daviess  county,  Mo.  In  1874  he 
moved  to  Gallatin,  Mo.,  and  assisted  in 
organizing  the  Farmers'  Exchange  bank, 
of  which  organization  he  was  cashier  un 
til  elected  to  congress.  He  was  one  of  the 
curators  of  the  university  of  Missouri 
from  1872  to  1882,  and  in  1870,  1871  and 
1872  president  of  the  board  of  education 
of  Chillicothe,  Mo.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  city  council  of  Gallatin  for  the  five 
years  previous  to  April,  1883,  serving  the 
last  two  years  as  mayor.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth, 
fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  dem 
ocrat. 

DOCKERY,  ALFRED,  congressman, 
was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1845  to  1847,  and  again  from  1851  to 
1853;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago 
convention  of  1868. 

DOCKERY,  OLIVER  H.,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  12.  1830,  in 
Richmond  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  in  1858  and  1859: 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1860;  and 
in  1868  was  elected  a  representative  from 
North  Carolina  to  the  fortieth  congress. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress.  • 


306 


HKRR1NCSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OK    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY 


DOD,  ALBERT  BALDWIN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  March  24.  1805,  in  Mend- 
ham,  N.  J.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  and  professor  of  mathematics  ai 
Princeton  college  in  1830-45.  Theological 
Essays  was  his  only  published  work.  He 
died  Nov.  20,  1845,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

DO1).  DANIEL,  mechanician,  was  horn 
Sept.  28,  1788,  in  Virginia.  He  removed, 
in  1821,  to  New  York  city,  where  he  was 
reputed  the  most  successful  engine  build 
er  in  the  United  States.  He  died  May  9. 
1823,  in  New  York  city. 

DODD,  AMZI,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  horn 
March  2,  1823,  in  Bloomfield,  N.  J.  He 
served  one  term  from  Bloomfield,  N.  J., 
in  the  assembly  of  the  state  legislature; 
in  1871  he  filled  the  office  of  vice  chancel 
lor;  in  1878  was  judge  of  the  court  of  er 
rors  and  appeals;  and  in  1882  became 
president  of  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  In 
surance  company  of  Bloomfield,  N.  J. 

DODD,  MRS.  ANNA  BOWMAN,  author, 
was  born  in  1855  in  Long  Island.  She  is 
a  New  York  writer  whose  volumes  of 
travels  have  been  very  popular.  She  is 
the  author  of  The  Republic  of  the  Fu 
ture,  or  Socialism  a  Reality;  Cathedral 
Days;  Glorinda:  a  Story;  Three  Norman 
dy  Inns;  and  in  the  Norfolk  Broads. 

DODD,  EDWARD,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1805  in  Salem,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention  of  New  York  in  1846;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  in  1855. 

DODD,  JAMES  B..  mathematician,  was 
born  in  1807  in  Virginia.  He  was  chosen 
professor  of  mathematics,  natural  philos 
ophy  and  astronomy  in  Centenary  college, 
Mississippi,  in  1841;  and  in  Transylvania 
university  in  1846,  of  which  institution 
he  was  acting  president  from  1849  till 
1855.  He  died  March  27,  1872,  in  Greens- 
burg,  Ky. 

DODD,  MARY  ANN  HANMER,  poet, 
was  born  March  "),  1813,  in  Hartford. 
Conn.  Amqng  her  best  poems  were  The 
Lament;  The  Dreamer;  The  Mourner; 
and  To  a  Cricket.  A  volume  of  her  poems 
was  published  in  Boston  in  1843. 

DODD,  STEPHEN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  8,  1777,  in  Bloomfield,  N. 
J.  He  was  a  founder  and  trustee  of  the 
Connecticut  theological  institution  at 
East  Windsor,  and  gave  it  his  valuable  li 
brary.  He  published  a  History  of  East 
Haven  (1824);  Family  Record  of  Daniel 
Dodd;  and  Revolutionary  Memorials.  He 
died  Feb.  5,  1856,  in  Morristown,  N.  J. 

DODDRIDGE,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1769  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  west 
ern  Virginia,  and  the  author  of  Logan,  a 
drama;  and  Notes  on  the  Settlement  and 
Indian  Wars  of  the  Western  Country, 
1763-83.  He  died  in  November,  1826,  in 
Wellsburg,  Va. 

DODDRIDGE,  PHILIP,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  horn  in  1772,  in  Brooke 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
Brooke  county  to  the  legislature  of  Vir 
ginia  in  1815,  and  was  a  member  for 
some  years.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Virginia  from  1829  to  1832. 
He  died  Nov.  19,  1832,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

DODDRIDGE,  WILLIAM  BROWN, 
railroad  manager,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1848, 
in  Circleville,  Ohio.  In  1884  he  was  en 
gaged  in  the  Anaconda  Copper  Smelting 
company,  as  business  manager.  In  1886 
he  became  superintendent  of  the  Central 
branch  Union  Pacific  railroad  of  Atchi- 
son,  Kan.;  and  in  1889  was  appointed 
general  manager  of  the  St.  Louis,  Ark 
ansas  and  Texas  railroad. 


DODDS,  OZRO  J.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  22,  1840,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  promoted  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  first  Alabama  cav 
alry.  After  the  war  he  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  practice.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature  of  Ohio  in  1869;  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-second  congress. 
DODDS,  SUSANNA  W.,  physician,  au 
thor.  She  is  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  Health  in  the  Household,  which  has 
become  very  popular.  She  has  attained 
prominence  as  an  eminent  hygienic  phy 
sician  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

DODGE,  AUGUSTUS  CAESAR,  was 
born  Jan.  2,  1812,  in  Ste.  Genevieve,  Mo. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  congress  from  tne 
territory  of  Iowa  from  1841  to  1847;  a 
presidential  elector  for  the  state  of  Iowa 
in  1848;  and  a  senator  in  congress  from 
the  state  of  Iowa  from  1848  to  1855.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago  convention 
of  1864,  and  also  to  the  Philadelphia  na 
tional  union  convention  of  1866,  as  well 
as  the  New  York  convention  of  1868;  and 
from  1838  to  1841  he  held  the  office  of  reg 
ister  of  the  land  office  at  Burlington, 
Iowa.  He  died  Nov.  20,  188.5,  in  Burling 
ton,  Iowa. 

DODGE,  DAVID  LOW,  merchant,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  14,  1774,  in  Brooklyn, 
Conn.  He  was  a  New  York  merchant 
who  was  the  first  president  of  the  New 
York  Peace  society,  and  was  the  author 
of  The  Mediator's  Kingdom  not  of  this 
World:  and  War  Inconsistent  with  the 
Religion  of  Jesus  Christ.  He  died  April 
23,  1852,  in  New  York  city. 

DODGE,  EBENEZER,  educator,  author, 
was  born  April  22,  1819,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman,  president  of 
Madison  (now  Colgate)  university,  1868- 
90,  and  the  author  of  Evidences  of  Chris 
tianity;  and  Christian  Theology.  He  died 
Jan.  4,  1890,  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

DODGE,  GEORGE  DUDLEY,  manufac 
turer,  poet,  was  born  May  4,  1836,  in 
Hampton  Falls,  N.  H.  He  is  a  successful 
cotton  manufacturer  and  merchant;  and 
in  1880  was  the  nominee  of  the  prohibi 
tion  party  for  governor  of  Georgia.  He 
was  afterward  chairman  of  the  state  ex 
ecutive  committee,  and  a  delegate  to  the 
national  convention  of  that  party  in  1884. 
DODGE,  GRENVILLE,  MELLEN.  sol 
dier,  railroad  president,  civil  engineer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  12,  1831,  in 
Danvers,  Mass.  In  1862  he  was  appointed 
brigadier-general  for  services  at  Pea 
Ridge;  was  promoted  to  be  a  major-gen 
eral  on  the  recommendations  of  Generals 
Grant,  Sherman,  and  McPherson.  He  was 
subsequently  in  command  of  the  depart 
ments  of  Wisconsin,  Kansas  and  the 
Plains.  Soon  after  resigning  his  com 
mission  in  the  army  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Iowa  to  the  fortieth 
congress.  He  is  president  of  the  Fort 
Worth  and  Denver  City  railway. 

DODGE.  HENRY,  soldier,  statesman, 
was  born  Oct.  12,  1782,  in  Vincennes,  Ind. 
He  was  brigadier-general  of  Missouri 

troops  in  1812;    and 

distinguished  him 
self  especially  in  the 
Black  Hawk  war.  He 
was  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  Wisconsin 
territory,  and  super 
intendent  of  Indian 
affairs,  serving  as 
such  from  1836  to 
1841,  and  from  1845 
to  1848.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  congress 
from  Wisconsin 
from  1841  to  1845;  and  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  the  state  of  Wisconsin  from 
1848  to  1857.  He  died  June  19.  1867.  in 
Hurlington.  Iowa. 


DODGE,  HORACE  O.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1840,  in  Milton. 
111.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  physicians 
of  the  west  at  Boulder,  Colo.;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Colorado  State  Medical  asso 
ciation  in  1886;  and  department  com 
mander  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re 
public  in  1896-97. 

DODGE,  MARTIN,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  in  1851  in  Auburn,  Ohio.  He 
attended  Hiram  college  for  four  years, 
and  the  Buchtel 
college  for  one  year. 
He  then  entered  the 
Ohio  State  and 
Union  Law  college, 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1877.  Dur 
ing  1879-82  he  prac 
ticed  law  in  Kan 
sas,  and  since  that 
time  in  Cleveland. 
Ohio.  For  six  years 
he  was  engaged  in 
real  estate  and 
building  operations;  and  for  three  years 
was  business  manager  of  The  Sun  and 
Voice.  In  1891  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  house  of  representatives  from 
Cleveland;  and  in  1893  was  appointed 
chairman  of  the  Ohio  road  commission. 
He  received  the  re-election  to  the  seven 
ty-first  and  seventy-second  general  as 
semblies;  and  in  1897  was  elected  a  state 
senator.  In  1898  he  was  a  candidate  for 
congress. 

DODGE,  MARY  ABIGAIL— Gail  Ham 
ilton — essayist,  magazinist,  was  born  in 
1838  in  Hamilton,  Mass.  She  was  a  noted 
essayist  and  magazinist  of  Hamilton, 
Mass.  She  is  the  author  of  a  A  New  At 
mosphere;  Gala  Days;  Woman's  Wrongs; 
Red-Letter  Days;  Summer  Rest;  Battle  of 
the  Books;  Twelve  Miles  from  a  Lemon; 
Sermons  to  the  Clergy;  First  Love  is 
Best;  What  Think  ye  of  Christ?;  Country 
Living  and  Country  Thinking;  Skirmishes 
and  Sketches;  Wool-Gathering;  Woman's 
Worth  and  Worthlessness;  Little  Folk 
Life;  Nursery  Noonings;  Our  Common 
School  System;  Divine  Guidance;  The 
Insuppressible  Book;  A  Washington  Bi 
ble  Class;  and  Biography  of  James  G. 
Hlaine.  She  died  in  1896. 

DODGE,  MRS.  MARY  BARKER,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  She 
is  the  author  of  Belfry  Voices;  and  The 
Gray  Masque  and  Other  Poems. 

DODGE,  MRS  MARY  (MAPES),  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1838  in  New  York 
city.  She  is  a  writer  of  New  York  city 
who  has  edited  the  Saint  Nicholas  Maga 
zine  since  1873.  Her  writings  for  young 
people  include  Hans  Brinker;  Donald  and 
Dorothy;  Rhymes  and  Jingles;  Irvington 
Stories;  A  Few  Friends;  The  Land  of 
Pluck;  When  Life  is  Young,  poems  for 
young  people.  She  has  also  written  The- 
opbilus  and  Others;  Along  the  Way;  and 
a  volume  of  Short  Poems. 

DODGE,  NATHANIEL  SHATSWELL. 
author,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1810,  in  Haver- 
hill,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  litterateur 
who  was  the  author  of  Stories  of  a 
Grandfather  about  American  History. 

DODGE,  NEHEMIAH,  was  born  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  the  first  manu 
facturing  jeweler  in  America.  Jabez  Gor- 
ham  and  other  noted  jewelers  and  sil 
versmiths  served  apprenticeship  with 
him.  His  work  was  of  the  finest  quality 
of  gold  and  silver,  and  of  choicest  de 
sign.  Mr.  Dodge  married  Miss  Crawford 
of  Providence,  a  lady  of  the  old  school, 
who  was  descended  from  Gabriel  Bernon. 
Mr.  Dodge,  through  his  success  in  the 
manufacture  of  jewelry,  became  one  of 
the  wealthiest  citizens  of  Providence. 


HKRRINC5SHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


307 


DODGE,  OSSIAN  EUCLID,  vocalist, 
was  born  Oct.  22,  1820,  in  Cayuga,  N.  Y. 
He  was  the  first  to  take  a  company  over 
land  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco, 
and  was  the  first  manager  that  ever  gave 
an  entertainment  in  the  Mormon  taberna 
cle  at  Salt  Lake  City.  He  died  Nov.  4, 
1876,  in  London,  England. 

DODGE,  RICHARD  IRVING,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  May  19,  1827,  in  Hunts- 
ville,  N.  C.  He  is  a  colonel  in  the  United 
States  army  who  saw  much  service  in 
Indian  campaigns,  and  made  careful 
study  of  the  Indian  character.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Black  Hills:  The  Plains 
of  the  Great  West;  Our  Wild  Indians; 
and  A  Living  Issue.  He  died  in  1895. 

DODGE,  THEODORE  AYRAULT,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  May  28,  1842,  in 
Pittsfield,  Mass.  He  is  a  captain  and 
brevet  lieutenant-co!onel  in  the  United 
States  army,  and  prominent  as  a  military 
historian.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Cam 
paign  of  Chauceliorsville;  A  Bird's-Eye 
View  of  our  Civil  War;  Great  Captains; 
Alexander,  a  History  of  the  Origin  and 
Growth  of  the  Art  of  War  from  the  Earl 
iest  Times  to  the  Battle  of  Ipsus,  B.  C. 
301,  with  a  detailed  account  of  the  Cam 
paigns  of  the  Great  Macedonian;  Hanni 
bal;  Ctesar;  Gustavus  Adolphus;  Patro- 
clus  and  Penelope,  a  Chat  in  the  Saddle; 
and  Riders  of  Many  Lands. 

DODGE,  THOMAS  H.,  lawyer,  inventor, 
philanthropist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  27, 
1823,  in  Eden,  Vt.  He  puolished  in  1850 
a  book  entitled  A  Review  of  The  Rise 
and  Progress  and  Present  Importance  of 
the  Cotton  Manufactures  of  the  United 
States.  He  made  several  valuable  inven 
tions,  including  a  printing  press.  He  be 
came  interested  in  the  large  manufactur 
ing  enterprises  of  Worcester,  Mass. 

DODGE,  WALTER  PHELPS,  author, 
was  born  in  1869.  He  is  a  litterateur  now 
living  in  London,  and  practicing  at  the 
English  bar.  He  is  the  author  of  Three 
Greek  Tales;  As  the  Crow  Flies  from 
Corsica  to  Charing  Cross;  and  A  Strong 
Man  Armed. 

DODGE,  WILLIAM  EARLE,  merchant, 
congressman,  philanthropist,  was  born 
Sept.  4,  1805,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He  was 
also  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  loyal 
ists'  convention  of  1866.  He  died  Feb.  9. 
1883. 

DODGE,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  banker, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  25,  1854,  in 
Burlington,  Iowa.  In  1876  he  graduated 
from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  state 
university  of  Iowa, 
and  was  awarded 
the  literary  prize  for 
the  best  written  ar 
gument  on  a  given 
thesis  of  law.  He  has 
since  won  distinc 
tion  as  a  brilliant 
lawyer  of  his  na 
tive  city,  where  he  is 
in  partnership  with 
his  brother,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Dodge  and  Dodge.  Dur 
ing  1885-93  he  served  with  distinction  for 
eight  years  as  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  of  the  Iowa  state  legislature.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  political  af 
fairs  of  his  state,  and  has  been  a  delegate 
to  various  local  and  state  conventions. 
While  a  member  of  the  state  senate  he 
was  instrumental  in  passing  a  bill  creat 
ing  the  first  Monday  in  September  as  a 
legal  holiday,  to  be  known  as  Labor  Day; 
and  consequently  he  is  known  throughout 
the  state  of  Iowa  as  the  Father  of  Labor 
Day. 


DODS,  JOHN  BOVEE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1795  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  clergyman  of  New  York  city 
whose  published  works  include  Thirty 
Sermons;  Philosophy  of  Mesmerism; 
Philosophy  of  Electrical  Psychology;  Im 
mortality  Triumphant;  and  Spirit  Mani 
festations  Examined  and  Explained.  He 
died  March  21,  1872,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

DODWORTH,  THOMAS,  musician,  was 
born  in  1790  in  England.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1826,  and  organized  in 
New  York  the  city  band,  which  be 
came  by  his  efforts  the  national  brass 
band,  and  was  the  first  independent  mili 
tary  band  of  music  in  the  city.  He  died 
April  30,  1876,  in  Morrisania,  N.  Y. 

DOE,  CHARLES  HENRY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1838,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  is  a  journalist  of 
Worcester,  Mass.,  and  the  author  of  Buf 
fets,  a  novel. 

DOE,  NICHOLAS  B.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  that  state  to  the  twen 
ty-sixth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

DOGGETT,  DAVID  SETH.  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1810  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  methodist  bishop  who  lived  at 
Richmond,  Va.,  and  published  The  War 
and  its  Close.  He  died  Oct.  27,  1880.  in 
Richmond,  Va. 

DOGGETT,  KATE,  reformer,  was  born 
Nov.  5,  1828,  in  Castleton,  Vt.  She  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  academy  of 
science  in  1869,  and  given  charge  of  its 
herbarium.  She  translated  the  Grammar 
of  Painting  and  Engraving.  She  died 
March  i2,  1884,  in  Cuba. 

DOIG.  ANDREW  W.,  educator,  survey 
or,  congressman,  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  N.  Y.  In  1832  he  was  in  the  state 
assembly;  and  held  the  office  of  surro 
gate  from  1835  to  1840.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1839  to  1843. 

DOLAN,  THOMAS,  manufacturer,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1834,  in  Montgomery  county, 
Pa.  In  1866  he  became  a  pioneer  in  the 
use  of  the  finest  worsted  yarns  in  his  fab 
rics,  especially  in  Berlin  shawls.  The 
goods  of  the  Keystone  Knitting  miHs 
which  he  founded  attained  celebrity.  He 
is  president  of  The  Quaker  City  Dye 
works;  and  The  United  Gas  Improvement 
company. 

DOLBEAR,  AMOS  EMERSON,  phy 
sicist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1837,  in 
Norwich,  Conn.  He  has  been  a  professor  of 
physics  and  astronomy  at  Tufts  college 
since  1874,  and  is  the  author  of  The  Art 
of  Projecting;  The  Speaking  Telephone; 
and  Sound  and  its  Phenomena.  Matter, 
Ether,  and  Motion. 

DOLE,  CHARLES  FLETCHER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1845  in  Maine. 
He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Boston, 
and  the  author  of  The  Citizen  and  the 
Neighbour;  Jesus  and  the  Men  about 
Him;  A  Catechism  of  Liberal  Faith:  and 
The  American  Citizen. 

DOLE,  EDMUND  PEARSON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1850  in  Maine.  He  is 
assistant  attorney-general  of  the  Hawaii 
an  Islands,  and  the  author  of  Talks  About 
Law. 

DOLE,  NATHAN  HASKELL,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1852  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  litterateur  of  Boston  who,  besides 
publishing  translations  from  the  Russian 
of  Tolstoi  and  other  writers,  is  the  author 
of  A  Score  of  Famous  Composers;  The 
Hawthorn  Tree  and  Other  Poems;  Not 
Angels  Quite;  History  of  the  Turko-Rus- 
sian  War  of  1877-1878;  On  the  Point,  a 
Summer  Idyl;  and  Flowers  from  Foreign 
Gardens.  One  of  his  most  important 
works  is  a  variorum  edition  of  the  Ru- 
baiyat  of  Omar  Khayyam. 


DOLES,  GEORGE  PIERCE,  soldier, 
was  born  May  14,  1830,  in  Milledgeville, 
Ga.  His  commission  as  brigadier-general 
bore  date  of  Nov.  2,  1862.  During  the 
overland  campaigns  he  commanded  a  di 
vision  in  General  Ewell's  corps,  and  was 
killed  in  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor.  He 
died  June  2,  1864,  in  Cold  Harbor,  Va. 

DOLGE,  ALFRED,  manufacturer,  was 
born  Dec.  22,  1848,  in  Germany.  He  is 
now  the  head  of  the  great  firm  of  Alfred 

Dolge     and    Son;    a 

partner  in  C.  F. 
Zimmerman  and  Co., 
manufacturers  of 
autoharps:  and  Dan 
iel  Green  and  Co.. 
second  vice-presi 
dent  of  The  Little 
Falls  and  Dolgeville 
railroad,  and  in  New 
York  city,  trustee  of 
The  German  Savings 
bank.  The  village 
of  Dolgeville,  found 
ed  by  him,  has  beeome  the  model  indus 
trial  town  of  American  origin,  both  in  its 
social  and  economic  aspects. 

DOLLAR!),  ROBERT,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  March  14,  1842,  in 
Fall  River,  Mass.  He  entered  the  union 
army  from  Massachusetts  with  the  fourth 
regiment  of  that  state,  which  composed 
in  part  what  is  known  as  the  minute  men 
of  that  period  who  were  the  first  to  re 
spond  to  the  call  for  troops  to  save  the 
union.  He  served  with  credit  and  dis 
tinction  throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  major  and  the  command  of  his 
regiment.  He  was  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  conventions  of  South  Dakota 
of  1883  and  1885;  was  district  attorney; 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Dakota  ter 
ritory  in  1889;  state  senator  in  1893;  and 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1897. 

DOLLIVER,  JONATHAN  P.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1858,  in 
Kingwood,  Va.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third  and  fif 
ty-fourth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

DOLPH.  JOHN  HENRY,  artist,  was 
born  April  18,  1835,  in  Fort  Ann,  N.  Y. 
His  works  include  Knickerbocker  Farm- 
Yard  (1869);  The  Season  of  Plenty;  The 
Antiquarian;  The  Rehearsal  (1878);  Prin 
cess;  and  A  June  Day  (1886). 

DOLPH,  JOSEPH  NORTON,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1835,  in 
Schuyler  county,  N.  Y.  He  practiced  his 
profession  in  Schuy 
ler  county  during 
the  winter  of  1861- 
62,  and  in  1862  en 
listed  in  Captain  M. 
Crawford's  compa 
ny,  known  as  the 
Oregon  Escort,  rais- 
ed  under  an  act  of 
congress  for  the  pur 
pose  of  protecting 
the  emigration  of 
that  year  to  the  Pa 
cific  coast  against 

hostile  Indians,  filling  the  position  of  or 
derly  sergeant.  He  settled  in  Portland. 
Ore.,  in  1863;  and  in  1864  was  elected 
city  attorney  of  the  city  of  Portland,  and 
the  same  year  was  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  district  attorney  for  the 
district  of  Oregon.  He  held  both  posi 
tions  until  he  resigned  them  to  take  his 
seat  in  the  state  senate  of  Oregon.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1866- 
74.  He  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  as  a  republican  in  1883.  and  was 
re-elected  in  1889. 


308 


HKRKINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DONAHOE,  DANIEL  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1853,  in  Brirafield, 
Mass.  He  is  a  successful  member  of  the 
Connecticut  bar;  and  a  well-known  jurist 
of  Meriden.  In  1888  his  first  volume  of 
poems  was  issued,  entitled  Idyls  of  Israel 
and  Other  Poems;  and  later  appeared  A 
Tent  by  the  Lake  and  Other  Poems. 

DONAHOE,  JOHN  P.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1841. 
in  county  Tyrone,  Ireland.  He  received 
his  education  at  St.  Joseph  parochial 
school  of  Brandywine  Banks,  Del.  Dur 
ing  1861-65  he  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 
union  army  through  the  entire  war.  In 
1891  he  served  with  distinction  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate  of  the  Delaware 
legislature,  and  was  elected  speaker.  In 
1896-97  he  was  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention,  and  the  same  year  was 
national  commander  of  the  Union  Vete 
ran  legion.  He  is  a  successful  merchant 
of  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  is  prominent  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

DONAHUE,  PETER,  capitalist,  was 
born  Jan.  11.  1822,  in  Scotland.  In  1850 
with  his  brother  he  organized  the  great 
establishment  now  known  as  the  Union 
Iron  works;  anc}  was  one  of  the  origina 
tors  of  the  San  Francisco  and  San  Jose 
railroad.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1885. 

DONALD,  ELIJAH  WINCHESTER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1843  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Boston,  rector  of  Trinity  church 
from  1892,  and  the  author  of  The  Expan 
sion  of  Religion. 

DONALDSON,  EDWARD,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Nov.  17,  1816,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  served  in  the  United  States  navy  dur 
ing  tne  civil  war;  and  in  1876  was  com 
missioned  rear  admiral.  He  died  May  15, 
1889,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

DONALDSON,  FRANK,  educator,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  July  23,  1823,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  Baltimore  phy 
sician,  professor  of  hygiene  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Maryland  since  1866,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Influence  of  City  Life  and  Occupa 
tions  in  Consumption.  He  died  in  1891. 

DONALDSON,  FRANK  C.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Sept.  26,  1852,  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
city,  and  graduated  from  the  state  uni 
versity  of  Bloomington,  Ind.  He  has  at 
tained  eminence  as  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.;  has  been  mayor  of  his 
city;  and  has  held  high  Masonic  posi 
tions. 

DONALDSON,  JAMES  LOWRY.  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  March  17,  1814,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  colonel  and 
brevet  major-general  in  the  United  States 
army  who  published  Sergeant  Atkins,  a 
tale  of  the  Florida  war.  He  died  Nov.  4. 
1885,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

DONALDSON,  WASHINGTON  H.,  aero 
naut,  was  born  in  1840  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  From  1857  till  1871  he  traveled 
through  the  United  States,  appearing  not 
fewer  than  1,300  times  in  his  various  spe 
cialties.  He  died  July  15,  1875. 

DONELSON.  ANDREW  JACKSON, 
diplomat,  journalist,  planter,  lawyer,  was 
horn  Aug.  25,  1800,  near  Nashville.  Tenn. 
He  was  aid-de-camp  to  General  Jackson 
in  1820  and  1821;  and  his  private  secre 
tary  from  1829  to  18o7.  He  was  charge 
d'affaires  to  Texas  In  1844  and  1845;  en 
voy  extraordinary  and  minister  plenipo 
tentiary  to  Prussia  from  1846  to  1848; 
and  to  Germany  in  1848  and  1849.  He 
was  editor  of  the  Washington  Union  in 
1851  and  1852;  and  candidate  of  the  Amer 
ican  party  for  vice-president  in  1852.  He 
illerl  June  26.  1871.  in  Memphis.  Tenn. 


DONIPHAN,  ALEXANDER  WILLIAM, 
soldier,  was  born  July  9,  1808,  in  Mason 
county,  Ky.  In  1838  he  had  risen  in  the 
state  militia  to  the  grade  of  brigadier- 
general.  When  war  began  with  Mexico, 
in  1846.  he  entered  the  United  States  ser 
vice.  He  died  Aug.  8,  1887,  in  Richmond, 
Mo. 

DON  LEY,  JOSEPH  B.,  educator,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
10,  1838,  in  Mount  Morris,  Pa.  He  be 
came  professor  in  Abingdon  college;  and 
served  in  the  Illinois  army  as  captain  of 
volunteers  from  1862  to  1865.  In  1867  he 
was  appointed  a  register  in  bankruptcy 
in  Pennsylvania,  holding  the  office  until 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state 
to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

DONNAN,  WILLIAM  G.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  30,  1834,  in  West  Charlton,  N. 
Y.  He  was  elected  treasurer  and  re 
corder  of  Buchanan  county,  Iowa,  and 
held  the  office  until  1862.  He  en 
tered  the  union  army  as  a  private 
in  1862.  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  brevet 
major  for  efficient  services  in  the  field, 
serving  to  the  close  of  the  rebellion.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1868 
and  1870;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
second  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress  as  a  republican. 

DONNELL,  EDWARD  J.,  soldier,  sur 
geon,  legislator,  poet,  was  born  May  11, 
1835,  in  Lyndeboro,  N.  Y.  During  the  war 
he  served  as  second  lieutenant  in  company 
C,  sixteenth  New  Hampshire  infantry; 
and  also  as  first  assistant  surgeon  in  the 
thirteenth  Maryland  infantry.  He  is  now 
a  prominent  physician  of  Stockton,  Kan.; 
and  during  1884-88  served  as  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  of  Kansas. 

DONNELL,  RICHARD  S.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1847  to  1849;  and  in  1863 
published  a  Letter  on  the  Rebellion, 
which  attracted  great  attention. 

DONNELLY,  ELEANOR  CECILIA, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1838,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  is  a  Pniladelphia 
writer  of  religious 
poetry,  the  greater 
part  of  which  is  oc 
cupied  with  Roman 
catholic  themes. 
Among  her  many 
volumes  are  Domus 
Dei;  Out  of  Sweet 
Solitude;  Hymns  of 
the  Sacred  Heart; 
and  Children  of  the 
Golden  Sheaf  and 
Other  Poems.  She  is 
a  constant  contribu 
tor  to  the  leading  newspapers  and  maga 
zines. 

DONNELLY,  IGNATIUS,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  lieutenant-gover 
nor,  author,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1831,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In 
1857  he  moved  to 
Minnesota;  was 
elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  that 
state  in  1859;  and 
re-elected  in  1861. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  thirty-eighth 
and  thirty-ninth 
and  fortieth  con 
gresses  as  a  repub 
lican;  was  state  sen 
ator  during  1874-78; 
member  of  the  national  executive  com 
mittee  and  an  eloquent  speaker.  He  is 
the  author  of  An  Essay  on  the  Sonnets 
of  Shakespeare;  Atlantis:  the  Antedilu 
vian  World;  Caesar's  volumn;  Ragna- 


rok:  the  Age  of  Fire  and  Gravel;  and  The 
Great     Cryptogram.       In    this     work    he 
claims  to  have  discovered  a  cipher  in  the 
plays   of   Shakespeare   which    sufficiently 
establishes  the  fact  that  they  were  writ 
ten  by  Lord  Bacon. 

DONOVAN,  DENNIS  D.,  educator,  mer 
chant,   congressman,    was   born  Jan.     31. 
1859,  near  Texas,  Ohio.    He  attended   the 
__^_________.    Northern        Indiana 

Normal     school      at 
[   Valparaiso,         Ind.: 
taught    school    three 
years,  and  then   en 
gaged  in   mercantile 
and  timber  business. 
He     was     appointed 
postmaster  at  Desh 
I   ler      by       President 
«t          ^M^  I   Cleveland,  which  po 
•Mtf  ^H^^k   siiinn      ho     resigned 

when  elected  to  the 
legislature  from 
Henry  county  in  1887;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  legislature  in  1889.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-second  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

DONOVAN.  JOHN,  educator,  contract 
or,  legislator,  was  born  May  26,  1843,  in 
Canada.  When  two  months  old  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to 
Youngstown,  N.  Y.. 
where  he  received 
his  education.  He 
was  principal  of  thr 
schools  of  Youngs- 
town  for  one  year: 
moved  to  Michigan 
in  1865,  and  there 
taught  school  for 
twelve  years.  In 
1873  he  moved  to 
Flint,  Mich.;  five 
years  later  to  '  Bay 
City;  and  is  a  successful  contractor  and 
builder.  He  served  with  distinction  in 
the  Michigan  state  legislature  in  1895-96. 
and  received  the  re-election  to  the  legis 
lature  of  1897-98,  serving  on  several  im 
portant  committees. 

DONOVAN,  JOHN  F..  lawyer,  public- 
official,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1847,  in  New 
York  city.  He  has  been  mayor  01  Kin- 
mundy,  111.,  for  twelve  years;  president 
of  the  county  G.  A.  R.  for  ten  years;  and 
president  of  the  South  Illinois  Emigra 
tion  and  Improvement  association. 

DONOVAN,  JOSEPH  M.,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  28,  1866,  in  Littleton. 
N.  H.  He  graduated  from  the  George 
town  university  of  Washington,  D.  C.. 
with  the  degree  of  A.  M.,  and  from  the 
same  institution  in  1889  with  the  degrep 
of  LL.  B.  He  at  once  took  up  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D.,  where  IIP 
has  attained  distinction  as  an  able  law 
yer.  He  is  the  author  of  Law  of  Divorce 
and  Domestic  Relations,  and  other  works. 
DOOLITTLE.  AMOS,  engraver,  was 
born  in  1754  in  Cheshire,  Conn.  Whilp 
a  volunteer  at  Cambridge  he  visited  the 
battle  ground  of  Lexington,  and  on  his 
return  to  New  Haven  made  an  engraving 
of  the  action,  his  first  attempt  in  that  art. 
He  died  Jan.  31,  1832,  in  New  Haven. 
Conn. 

DOOLITTLE,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  July  10,  1695,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  clergyman  of  North- 
field,  Mass.,  in  1718-49,  and  the  author  of 
Narrative  of  the  Mischief  of  the  French 
and  Indians.  1744-48;  and  Inquiry  into 
Enthusiasm.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1749. 

DOOLITTLE.  CHARLES  CAMP,  sol 
dier,  was  born  March  16,  1832.  in  Burling 
ton,  Vt.  In  1865  he  was  made  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  and  on  June  13  IIP 
was  brevetted  major-general.  Since  1871 
he  has  been  cashier  of  the  Merchants'  na 
tional  bank.  Toledo.  Ohio. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


309 


DOOLITTLE,  JAMES  ROOD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1815, 
in  Hampton,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  several 
years  district  attorney  in  Wyoming  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Wisconsin  in  1851; 
was  chosen  judge  of  the  first  judicial  cir 
cuit  of  that  state  in  1853;  and  resigned  in 
1856.  In  1857  he  was  elected  a  senator  of 
the  United  States  for  six  years.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  peace  congress  of  1861; 
and  in  1863  was  re-elected  to  the  senate 
for  the  term  ending  in  1869. 

DOOLITTLE,  LELON  ANSIL,  lawyer, 
was  born  July  22,  1853,  in  Russell,  N.  Y. 
During  1879-85  he  practiced  law  in  Neills- 
ville,  Wis. ;  and  since  1885  has  practiced 
his  profession  in  Eau  Claire.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
Eau  Claire  public  library;  of  the  Eau 
Claire  republican  club;  and  other  institu 
tions. 

DOOLITTLE,  MARY  ANTOINETTE, 
lecturer,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1810,  in  New 
Lebanon,  N.  Y.  In  1873-75  she  edited, 
with  Frederick  W.  Evans,  the  Shaker  and 
Shakeress,  a  periodical  published  at 
Mt.  Lebanon  college,  and  is  author  of  an 
Autobiography  and  of  a  series  of  remark 
able  inspirational  songs.  She  died  Dec. 
31,  1886,  in  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 

DOOLITTLE,  THEODORE,  SAND- 
FORD,  educator,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
81,  1836,  in  Ovid,  N.  Y.  In  1864  he  accept 
ed  the  chair  of  rhetoric,  logic  and  meta 
physics  at  Rutgers,  which  he  has  since 
held,  becoming  also  associate  editor  of 
the  Christian  at  Work  in  1873. 

DOOLITTLE,  WILLIAM  HALL,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  in  Erie  coun 
ty,  Pa.  He  served  one  term  in  the  Ne 
braska  legislature  in  1876-77;  served  in 
that  state  as  assistant  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney;  and  in  1880  moved  from 
Nebraska  to  Washington  Territory.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

DOOLY,  JOHN  MITCHELL,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  about  1772,  in 
Lincoln  county,  Ga.  He  was  appointed 
solicitor-general  of  the  western  circuit  of 
Georgia  in  1802,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  in 
1804  was  elected  to  the  same  office  by  the 
legislature.  In  1816  he  was  elected  judge 
of  the  same  circuit,  and  in  1822  chosen 
first  judge  of  the  northern  circuit,  to 
which  latter  place  he  was  re-elected  in 
1825.  He  died  May  26,  1827,  in  Lincoln 
county,  Ga. 

DORCHESTER,  DANIEL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1827,  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  a  prominent  methodist  cler 
gyman  of  Pittsburg,  and  the  author  of 
Concessions  of  Liberalists  to  Orthodoxy; 
Problem  of  Religious  Progress;  Latest 
Drink  Sophistries;  The  Liquor  Problem 
in  All  Ages;  The  Why  of  Methodism; 
Christianity  in  the  United  States;  and 
Romanism  versus  the  Public  Schools. 

DOREMUS,  CHARLES  AVERY,  chem 
ist,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1851,  in  New  York 
city.  He  became  assistant  to  the  chair  of 
chemistry  and  physics  in  the  college  of 
the  city  of  New  York.  Meanwhile  he  had 
received  the  appointmencs  in  New  York 
city  of  lecturer  on  practical  chemistry 
and  toxicology  in  Bellevue  hospital  med 
ical  college,  and  professor  of  chemistry  in 
the  American  Veterinary  college. 

DOREMUS,  ELIAS  OSBORN,  builder, 
legislator,  was  horn  Jan.  17,  1831,  in 
Orange,  N.  J.  He  engaged  in  the  building 
business  in  Orange  and  successfully  con 
ducted  the  business  for  twenty-five  years. 
In  1873  was  elected  a  member  of  tne  leg 
islature,  and  re-elected  in  1874. 


DOREMUS,  ROBERT  OGDEN,  chemist, 
was  born  Jan.  11,  1824,  in  New  York  city. 
The  cartridges  patented  by  him  require 
no  serge  envelopes,  as  are  ordinarily  used 
in  muzzle-loading  cannon,  and  hence  no 
sponging  of  the  gun  after  firing  is  neces 
sary. 

DOREMUS,  SARAH  PLAT!',  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Aug.  3.  1802,  in  New 
York.  In  1842,  with  Miss  Catherine  Sedg- 
wick,  she  established  a  home  for  women 
from  prison,  now  called  the  Isaac  T. 
Hopper  Home.  She  was  also  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  House  and  School  of  In 
dustry.  She  died  Feb.  5,  1877. 

DOREN,  DENNIS,  constructor  of  tele 
graph  lines,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1830,  in 
Wooster,  Ohio.  He  was  appointed  gen 
eral  superintendent  of  construction  of  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  company's  en 
tire  system;  was  president  of  the  Amer 
ican  Cable  Construction  company;  and  is 
a  stockholder  and  director  in  various  cor 
porations  of  New  York  city. 

DORGAN,  JOHN  AYLMER.  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1836,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  verse 
writer  of  Philadelphia,  whose  only  pub 
lication  was  a  collection  of  verse  entitled 
Studies.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1866,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

DORHMAN,  ARNOLD  HENRY,  mer 
chant,  was  born  in  1748,  in  Portugal.  In 
view  of  his  services  and  the  losses  he  had 
sustained  in  his  devotion  to  the  young  re 
public,  congress  voted  him  a  money  com 
pensation  and  a  western  township,  be 
sides  appointing  him  United  States  agent 
in  Lisbon.  He  died  March  21,  1813,  in 
Steubenville,  Ohio. 

DORMAN,  ALLEN,  poet,  was  born 
Sept.  9,  1857,  in  Field's  Creek,  Mo.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  pub 
lished  by  the  American  Publishers'  asso 
ciation  of  Chicago,  containing  over  five 
hundred  pages.  He  is  prominent  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state, 
and  was  honored  as  a  candidate  for  con 
gress  from  the  sixth  district  of  Missouri. 

DORMER,  MRS.  L.  ISABELLE,  poet, 
was  born  July  9,  1854,  in  Lee  county, 
Iowa.  She  is  the  author  of  numerous 
prose  articles  and  stories;  and  is  a  well 
known  poet  and  writer  of  Stockton,  Cal. 

DORR,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  22,  1796,  in  Salisbury, 
Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman 
who  was  rector  of  Christ  cnurch,  Phila 
delphia,  in  1837-69;  and  was  the  author 
of  The  Churchman's  Manual;  The  His 
tory  of  a  Pocket  Prayer-Book;  Recogni 
tion  of  Friends  in  Another  World;  Sun 
day-School  Teacher's  Encouragement; 
Prophecies  and  Types  Relative  to  Christ; 
Memorials  of  Christ  Church;  Travels  in 
the  East;  and  Memoir  of  John  Fanning 
Watson. 

DORR,  CHARLES  PHILIP,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1852,  in 
Monroe  county,  Ohio.  He  began  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  West  Virginia  in  1874, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia 
house  of  delegates  from  the  fourth  dele 
gate  district  in  1884,  and  again  in  1888, 
and  was  chosen  sergeant-at-arms  of  that 
body  in  the  intervening  session  of  1887. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

DORR,  EBENEZER  PEARSON,  sea 
captain,  was  born  March  13,  1817,  in 
Hartford,  Vt.  He  was  the  first  to  organ 
ize  a  regular  system  of  wreckage  on  the 
lakes,  and  did  much  to  improve  the  con 
dition  of  seamen  and  to  obtain  recogni 
tion  of  their  acts  of  heroism.  He  died 
April  29,  1881,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


DORR,  MRS.  JULIA  CAROLINE,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1825,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  She  is  a  poet  and  novel 
ist  of  Rutland,  Vt.  Her  verse,  much  of 
which  reaches  a  high  degree  of  excellence, 
includes  Daybreak,  an  Easter  poem;  Ver 
mont;  Friar  Anselmo;  Afternoon  Songs; 
Legend  of  the  Baboushka;  and  Poems. 
Her  other  writings  comprise  four  novels, 
Lanmere;  Sibyl  Huntington;  Expiation; 
Farmingdale;  Bermuda,  a  volume  of 
travel;  Bride  and  Bridegroom,  or  Letters 
to  a  Young  Married  Couple;  The  Flower 
of  England's  Face;  and  A  Cathedral  Pil 
grimage. 

DORRANCE,  GORDON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1765,  in  Sterling,  Conn. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  congregational 
church  at  Windsor,  Mass.,  in  1795-1834. 
and  afterward  preached  in  Sunderland, 
Mass.,  and  its  vicinity.  He  published  a 
History  of  Windsor.  He  died  in  1846,  in 
Attica,  N.  Y. 

DORSEY,  MRS.  ANNA  HANSON,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1815,  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  She  was  a  prolific 
writer  of  dramas,  novels,  poems,  and  es 
says,  long  resident  in  Washington,  and 
from  1840  an  ardent  Roman  catholic 
Among  her  works  are  May  Brooke;  Guy 
the  Leper,  an  epic  poem;  The  Old  Housf 
at  Glenarra;  Palms;  and  Warp  and  Woof. 
She  died  in  1896. 

DORSEY.  CLEMENT,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Anne  Arundel  county,  Md. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1825  to  1831.  He  died 
Aug.  6,  1846. 

DORSEY.  ELLA  LORAINE,  author, 
was  born  in  1856,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
She  is  a  Washington  writer  of  stories  for 
boys,  and  the  author  of  Midshipman  Bob: 
Saxty's  Angel;  and  The  Two  Tramps. 

DORSEY,  GEORGE  W.  E.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  25,  184i. 
in  Loudon  county,  Va.  He  recruited  a 
company  and  enter 
ed  the  union  army 
in  1861  as  first  lieu 
tenant,  sixth  West 
4  _  Virginia  infantry : 
Wk.  I  and  was  promoted 
i  to  the  rank  of  cap- 
•  tain  and  of  major, 
and  was  mustered 
out  with  the  army 
of  the  Shenandoah 
/•^F^^B  I  in  1865.  He  moved 
1  to  Nebraska  in  186C: 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1869.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  insane  hospital; 
a  member  and  vice-president  of  the  state 
board  of  agriculture  of  Nebraska;  and 
was  also  chairman  of  the  republican  state 
central  committee  of  r\ebraska.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Ne 
braska  to  the  forty-ninth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty- 
first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

DORSEY,  GODWIN  VOLNEY,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1812,  in  Oxford, 
Ohio.  He  was  for  many  years  president 
of  the  Miami  county  medical  society.  He 
was  an  elector  on  the  democratic  presi 
dential  ticket  in  Ohio  in  1848;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Ohio  constitutional  conven 
tions  of  1850  and  1873. 

DORSEY,  JAMES  OWEN,  ethnologist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1848,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  an  ethnologist  who 
for  a  time  was  an  episcopal  missionary 
to  the  Ponka  Indians,  but  for  many  years 
has  been  engaged  in  linguistic  studies  for 
the  bureau  of  ethnology.  He  was  the 
author  of  Omaha  Sociology;  Osage  Tra 
ditions;  Kansas  Mourning  and  War  Cus 
toms:  and  The  Dhegiha  Language. 


* 


HERRINQSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DORSEY,  JESSE  HOOK,  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  1849,  in  Beallsville,  Pa.  He 
purchased  and  conducted  the  Tampa 
Lumber  company,  the  largest  lumber 
manufacturing  business  in  Florida. 

HORSEY,  MRS.  SARAH  ANNE  ELLIS, 
author.  She  was  the  amanuensis  of  Jeffer 
son  Davis,  to  whom  she  bequeathed  her 
estate  of  Beauvoir  on  the  Gulf  of  Mex 
ico,  where  he  died.  She  was  the  author 
of  Lucia  Dare;  Agnes  Graham,  both  stor 
ies  of  the  civil  war;  Panola.  a  tale  of 
Louisiana;  Atalie,  or  a  Southern  Villeg- 
giatura;  and  Life  of  Governor  Allen  of 
Louisiana.  She  died  July  4,  1879,  in  New 
Orleans,  La. 

DORSEY,  STEPHEN  W..  soldier,  rail 
road  president,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  28,  1842,  in  Benson,  Vt.  He  was 
elected  president  of  the  Arkansas  Cen 
tral  Railway  company;  and,  removing  to 
Arkansas,  was  chosen  chairman  of  the 
republican  county  and  state  committees. 
He  was  elected  United  States  senator 
from  Arkansas  for  the  term  commencing 
in  1873  and  ending  in  1879. 

DORSHEIMER,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
5,  1832,  in  Lyons,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
major  in  the  United  States  army  during 
the  civil  war;  and  in  1867  was  appointed 
United  States  attorney  for  the  north 
ern  district  of  New  York.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  lieutenant-governor  of 
New  York;  received  the  re-election  in 
1876;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress  as  a  democrat.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  A  Life  of  Grover  Cleveland.  He 
died  March  26,  1888,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

DOSTER,  CHARLES  S.  G.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1830,  in 
Autauga  county,  Ala.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  East  Tennessee  univer 
sity,  and  graduated  u-om  the  Centenary 
college,  Louisiana.  He  served  during  the 
war  as  colonel  of  the  reserves;  and  was 
militia  colonel  nefore  the  war.  He  was 
county  superintendent  of  education  for 
eight  years;  a  representative  in  the  Ala 
bama  state  legislature  for  four  years;  and 
state  senator  for  four  years.  Since  1850 
he  has  practiced  law  with  success,  and  is 
still  engaged  in  that  profession  in  Pratt- 
ville,  Ala. 

DOTEN,  LIZZIE,  author,  poet,  was 
born  April  1,  1829,  in  Plymouth,  Mass. 
She  is  a  Boston  spiritualist  trance  me 
dium,  whose  verses  are  claimed  to  be  in 
spired  by  the  spirits  of  Shakespeare. 
Burns,  Poe,  and  other  poets  of  the  past. 
She  is  the  author  of  Poems  of  Progress; 
and  Poems  from  the  Inner  Life. 

DOTON,  HOSEA,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  29,  1809,  in  Pomfret,  Vt.  From 
1866  till  his  death  he  was  chief  engineer 
of  the  Woodstock  railroad.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate  in  1865-66. 
and  in  the  latter  year  the  legislature  es 
tablished  his  method  of  computing  inter 
est,  known  as  the  Vermont  rule.  He 
died  Jan.  19.  1886,  in  Woodstock,  Vt. 

DOTY,  ALICE,  musician,  was  born  Jan. 
10,  1862,  in  Piano,  111.  She  studied  music 
in  America,  and  in  Berlin,  Germany;  and 
in  1888  passed  the  associated  examination 
of  the  American  College  of  Musicians. 
She  has  attained  success  as  an  organist 
and  concert  pianist.  She  is  also  a  suc 
cessful  teacher  in  Aurora.  111.;  and  has  a 
studio  in  me  Auditorium  of  Chicago. 

DOTY,  JAMES  DUANE,  Jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1799,  in 
Salem,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  delegate  to  con 
gress  from  the  territory  of  Wisconsin 
from  1839  to  1841;  from  1841  to  1844  was 
governor  of  Wisconsin;  and  for  many 
years  was  United  States  judge  for  north 
ern  Michigan.  He  was  also  superintend 
ent  of  Indian  affairs;  and  was  a  repre 


sentative  in  congress  from  tne  state  of 
Wisconsin  from  1849  to  1853.  In  1864  he 
was  appointed  governor  of  Utah,  of  which 
territory  he  had  previously  been  treas 
urer.  He  died  in  June,  1865,  at  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah. 

DOTY,  LOCKWOOD  LYON,  lawyer, 
was  born  May  15,  1827,  in  Groveland,  N. 
Y.  He  founded  the  state  military  bureau 
at  Albany,  which  collected  the  histories 
of  the  volunteer  regiments  and  provided 
for  the  care  of  the  sick  and  wounded. 
In  1871  he  was  appointed  pension  agent 
in  New  York  city.  He  died  Jan.  18,  1873, 
in  Jersey  City,  N.  .1. 

DOUBLEDAY,  ABNER,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  26,  1819,  in  Ballslon 
Spa,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  colonel  and  brevet 
,  _i^_  major-general  in  the 

United  States  army, 
who  retired  from 
active  service  in 
1873.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Reminis 
cences  of  Forts  Sum- 
ter  and  Moultrie: 
Chancellorsville  and 
Gettysburg;  and 
Gettysburg  Made 
Plain.  He  died  Jan. 
27.  1893,  at  his  home 
at  Mendham.  near 
Morristown,  N.  J. 

DOUBLEDAY,  CHARLES.  WILLIAM, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1829, 
in  England.  He  was  a  soldier  who  ac 
companied  Walker  on  the  famous  Nicara 
gua  expedition,  and  later  served  as  acting 
brigadier-general  in  the  United  States 
army.  He  is  the  author  of  Reminiscences 
of  the  Filibuster  War  in  America. 

DOUBLEDAY,  ULYSSES  F.,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec:  15,  1792,  in 
New  Lebanon,  Conn.  For  twenty  years 
he  edited  a  journal  in  the  city  of  Auburn; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  to  con 
gress  in  1831,  and  was  again  elected  in 
1835.  He  died  March  11,  1866,  in  Belvi- 
dere,  111. 

DOUCET,  EDWARD,  college  president, 
was  born  March  12,  1825,  in  Canada.  In 
1863  he  was  elected  president  of  St.  Johns 
college.  He  died  Dec.  9,  ISso,  in  Ford- 
ham,  N.  Y. 

DOUEY,  CARL  GREGG,  lawyer,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  24,  1867,  in 
Columbus,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the 
Ohio  State  university,  and  from  Harvard 
university.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  practiced  the  profession  of  law  in 
Columbus,  Ohio.  He  has  since  attained 
distinction  as  an  eminent  clergyman  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church;  has  filled 
a  pastorate  in  Bainbridge,  Ohio;  and 
since  1896  has  filled  a  pastorate  in  Gran- 
ville,  Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
stories;  and  a  constant  contributor  to 
the  religious  press. 

DOUGHERTY.  CHARLES,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  15, 
1850,  in  Athens,  Ga.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Florida 
legislature;  was  re-electen  in  1878,  and 
was  elected  speaker  of  the  house.  He 
was  again  re-elected  in  1880  and  1882. 
and  in  the  latter  year  was  again  elected 
speaker.  He  resigned  in  1884  on  being 
elected  a  representative  from  Florida  to 
the  forty-ninth  congress;  and  received 
the  re-election  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

DOUGHERTY.  DANIEL,  lawyer,  ora 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1826.  in  Philadel 
phia.  Pa.  He  attained  prominence  in 
New  York  as  a  successful  lawyer,  and 
was  also  a  noted  orator,  being  known 
throughout  the  country  as  the  Silver- 
tongued  Orator.  He  died  Sept.  5.  1892. 
in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


DOUGHERTY,  HUGH,  banker,  legis 
lator,  was  born  July  28,  1844,  in  Darke 
county,  Ohio.  He  served  as  a  union  sol 
dier  during  the  civil 
war,  enlisting  as  a 
member  of  company 
F,  ninety-fourth  reg 
iment  of  Ohio  vol 
unteer  infantry.  He 
:  was  made  prisoner 
I  of  war,  and  sent  to 
Camp  Chase,  Ohio, 
until  his  exchange. 
After  his  military 
career  he  entered 
business  pursuits; 
became  assistant 
cashier  in  the  First  National  bank  of 
Bluffton,  of  which  his  uncle,  John  Studa- 
baker,  was  president.  The  title  of  this 
bank  was  subsequently  changed  to  the 
Studabaker  bank,  of  which  institution 
Mr.  Dougherty  has  been  president  since 
1895.  He  was  largely  instrumental  in  the 
building  of  several  railroads,  and  has 
been  active  and  liberal  in  the  promotion 
of  all  material  interests  in  his  city  and 
county,  and  has  been  equally  conspicu 
ous  in  advancing  the  cause  of  education 
and  morality.  In  1870  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate,  and  served  with  distinc 
tion  in  that  body.  In  18  78  he  was  a  can 
didate  for  congress;  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  democratic  national  convention  in 
1884  and  again  in  1892. 

DOUGHERTY,  JOHN,  business  man. 
was  born  April  8,  1840,  in  Ireland.  In 
1888  he  became  general  manager  6f  the 
Colorado  Coal  and  Iron  company  of  Pu 
eblo,  Colo.;  and  has  been  director  'and 
trustee  of  numerous  railroad  corporations 
of  New  York  city. 

DOUGHERTY,  THOMAS  E.,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  was  born  in  1858,  in  Port 
Myron,  N.  Y.  Since  1895  he  has  been  de 
voting  nearly  all  his 
time  to  an  extensive 
oil  business  in  In 
diana.  He  joined 
the  Ashland  club  of 
Chicago  in  1890,  and 
served  on  the  board 
of  directors  for  two 
successive  years.  In 
1895  he  was  chosen 
president  of  the 
club,  and  made  one 
of  the  best  executive 
officers  the  organiza 
tion  e\er  had.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Chicago  Athletic  and  Illinois  clubs. 

DOUGHTY,  THOMAS,  artist,  was  born 
July  19,  1793,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  one  of  the  earliest  American  artists 
to  make  evident  the  charm  of  what  is 
tailed  the  silvery  tone,  and  to  reproduce 
autumnal  effects  with  genuine  grace  and 
emphasis.  His  works  include  A  Peep  at 
the  Catskills;  View  on  the  Hudson;  Lake 
Scene;  Old  Mill;  Delaware  Water-Gap; 
and  Scene  on  the  Susquehanna.  He  died 
July  24,  1856,  in  New  York  city. 

DOUGHTY.  WILLIAM  HENRY,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1836,  in  Augusta. 
Ga.  From  1867  till  1875  he  three  times 
held  the  professorship  of  materla  medica 
and  therapeutics  in  the  medical  college 
of  Georgia  (now  the  medical  department 
of  the  state  university  I 

DOUGLAS,  ALICE  MAY.  educator,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  June  28,  1865,  in 
Bath,  Maine.  She  is  a  writer  of  poetry 
and  juvenile  tales,  whose  home  is  at  Bath. 
Maine.  Her  poems  include  Phlox;  May 
Flowers;  and  Gems  Without  Polish. 
Jewel  Gatherers;  The  Peacemaker;  and 
Self-Exiled  from  Russia,  are  among  her 
tales  for  young  readers. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY 


311 


DOUGLAS,  AMANDA  MINNIE,  author, 
was  born  July  14,  1838,  in  New  York  city. 
She  is  a  popular  novelist  of  Newark,  N.  .).. 
whose  more  than  thirty  works  of  notion 
have  obtained  a  wide  circulation.  Among 
them  are  In  Trust;  Stephen  Dane; 
Claudia;  With  Fate  Against  Him;  Sher- 
burne  House;  In  Wild  Rose  Time;  Seven 
Daughters;  Larry;  and  Hope  Mills. 

DOUGLAS,  BENJAMIN,  manufacturer, 
inventor,  governor,  was  born  April  3. 
1816,  in  Northford,  Conn.  William  Doug 
las  died  in  1858,  and  in  1859  a  company 
was  formed  of  which  Benjamin  became 
president.  He  was  mayor  of  Middletown 
for  several  years,  a  republican  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1860,  and  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  the  state  in  1861-62. 

DOUGLAS,  BEVERLY  B.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1822, 
in  Providence  Forge,  Va.  In  1850  he  was 
a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  under  the  amended  constitu 
tion,  and  was  a  member  of  that  body  un 
til  1865.  In  1861  he  entered  the  confeder 
ate  service  as  first  lieutenant  in  L,ee's 
mounted  rangers,  of  which  he  was  made 
captain;  then  major  of  the  fifth  Virginia 
cavalry,  army  of  northern  Virginia;  and 
resigned  in  1863  to  resume  his  legislative 
duties.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress  as  representative  from 
Virginia;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress.  He  died  Dec.  22,  1878. 

DOUGLAS,  GEORGE,  physician,  was 
born  May  7,  1823,  in  Franklin,  N.  Y.  He 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Oxford,  N.  Y.,  where  he  entered  at 
once  upon  a  large  and  lucrative  practice. 
During  tne  civil  war  he  was  appointed 
surgeon  of  the  examining  board  of  the 
nineteenth  district  of  New  York  at  Ox 
ford. 

DOUGLAS,  JOHN.  He  was  commis 
sioned  lieutenant-colonel  early  in  the  war, 
rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  and  finally 
to  that  of  general,  and  served  with  dis 
tinction  throughout  the  war. 

DOUGLAS,  MARION,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Sept.  29,  1854,  in  Dixfield. 
Maine.  In  j»76  he  graduated  from  ttie 
Bates  college;  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1874.  During  1876-79  he  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  normal  school;  moved  to  Da 
kota  territory  in  1880;  and  the  same  year 
was  elected  judge  of  probate  court  of 
Brown  county.  In  188b  he  moved  to 
Duluth,  Minn.,  where  he  has  since  prac 
ticed  law  continuously  with  eminent  suc 
cess. 

DOUGLAS,  ORLANDO  BENAJAH,  phy 
sician,  was  born  Sept  12,  1836,  in  Corn 
wall,  Vt.  In  1885  he  was  elected  sur 
geon  and  director  of  the  Manhattan  Eye 
and  Ear  hospital;  and  in  1888  was  elected 
professor  of  diseases  of  the  nose  and 
throat  in  the  Post-Graduate  Medical 
school  and  hospital.  He  is  tne  author  of 
a  work  entitled  Is  the  Cure  of  Chronic 
Nasal  Catarrh  as  Difficult  as  has  been 
Supposed? 

DOUGLAS.  ROBERT  MARTIN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1849,  in  Rock- 
ingham  county,  N.  C.,  and  is  the  son  of 
the  late  Senator  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  of 
Illinois.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Gonzaza  college  and  the  Georgetown  uni 
versity  of  Washington,  D.  C.;  and  the 
degrees  of  A.  B..  A.  M.  and  LL.  D.,  were 
conferred  upon  him.  He  has  attained 
success  as  one  />f  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  the  south  at  Greensboro,  N.  C.  He 
was  private  secretary  to  the  governor  of 
North  Carolina;  and  was  private  secre 
tary  to  President  Grant.  He  has  served 
as  United  States  marshal  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  North  Carolina;  was  col 
onel  in  the  North  Carolina  militia;  stand 


ing  master  in  chancery  of  the  United 
States  circuit  court;  and  is  now  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  North 
Carolina. 

DOUGLAS.  SILAS  HAMILTON,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1816,  in 
Fredonia,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  professor  of 
chemistry  at  the  university  of  Michigan 
in  1844-79,  and  is  the  author  of  Tables  for 
Qualitative  Chemical  Analysis;  and  Qual 
itative  Chemical  Analysis. 

DOUGLAS,  STEPHEN  A.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  April  23,  1813,  in  Brandon,  Vt. 
He  was  elected  at 
torney-general  of  Il 
linois;  in  1837  was 
appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Van  Buren  reg 
ister  of  the  land  of 
fice  at  Springfield, 
111.;  in  1840  was 
elected  secretary  of 
state,  and  the  fol 
lowing  year  judge  of 
the  supreme  court. 
This  office  he  re 
signed,  in  conse 
quence  of  ill-health,  after  sitting  upon 
the  bench  for  two  years.  In  1843  was 
elected  to  congress,  and  continued  a  mem 
ber  of  the  lower  house  for  four  years. 
In  1847  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1853; 
and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending 
in  1859.  He  died  June  3.  1861,  in  Chicago, 
111. 

DOUGLASS,  BENJAMIN  F.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  July  22,  1820, 
in  Shenandoah  county,  Va.  In  1857  he  was 
elected  as  representative  to  the  state  leg 
islature  from  Harrison  county,  Ind. 

DOUGLASS,  DAVID  BATES,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  March  21,  1790,  in 
Pompton,  N.  J.  In  1814  he  commanded  a 
company  on  the  northern  frontier,  and 
was  brevetted  captain.  His  introduction 
of  inclined  planes  in  place  of  locks  for 
canal  navigation  proved  a  success  in  the 
Morris  canal,  of  which  he  was  chief  en 
gineer.  In  1833  he  began  his  surveys  for 
supplying  New  York  with  water;  and  in 
his  report  showed  how  to  obtain  it  from 
the  Croton  river. 

DOUGLASS,  FREDERICK,  orator,  au 
thor,    was    born    in    February,     1817,     in 
Tuckahoe,  Md.     He  was  a  famous  orator 
.  and    the    most    dis 

tinguished  member 
of  the  African  race 
in  America.  He  was 
born  in  slavery,  but 
escaped  to  the  north 
in  1838,  educated 
himself,  and  soon 
became  prominent  as 
an  anti-slavery 
speaker.  As  time 
went  on,  his  style, 
always  picturesque 
and  eloquent,  be 
came  polished  and  elegant.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  My  Bondage  and  My  Freedom: 
Narrative  of  My  Experience  in  Slavery; 
Life  and  Times  of  Frederick  Douglass. 
He  died  in  1895. 

DOUGLASS,  GEORGE  LYON,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  April  3,  1853,  in 
Erie,  Pa.  He  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  Kansas  legislature,  and 
in  1893  was  speaker  of  what  was  known 
as  the  Douglass  house,  which  the  su 
preme  court  decided  was  the  lawful  house 
of  representatives  of  the  state.  He  is 
one  of  the  loremost  lawyers  of  the  west 
at  Wichita,  Kan.,  and  in  1891  was  coun 
sel  for  the  state  in  the  impeachment 
trial  of  Judge  Botkin  before  the  Kansas 
.state  senate. 


DOUGLASS,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer.  He  ha.s 
attained  success  as  a  lawyer,  and  has  ii 
large  practice  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

DOUGLASS,  MARGARET  CRITTEN- 
DEN,  educator,  was  born  in  Washington. 
D.  C.  She  opened  a  school  for  the  in 
struction  of  colored  children,  but  it  was 
broken  up  by  the  authorities  in  1853,  and 
she  herself  was  imprisoned  for  a  month 
in  the  common  jail.  She  published  a 
Personal  Narrative,  relating  her  expe 
riences. 

DOUGLASS,  MYRA,  poet,  was  born  in 
1844,  in  Adrian,  Mich.  Since  her  child 
hood  she  has  written  stories  and  verse  for 
the  Waverly  and  Ballon  Magazines  of 
Boston,  and  other  prominent  periodicals. 
Her  poems  are  included  in  nearly  all 
standard  collections  of  American  verse. 

DOUGLASS,  SAMUEL  J.,  jurist.  He 
was  an  emigrant  to  Florida  while  yet  a 
territory;  and  in  1842  was  appointed  one 
of  the  judges  of  the  United  States  for 
that  district. 

DOUGLASS,  WILLIAM,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1691,  in  Scotland. 
He  was  a  Scottish  physician  who  came 
to  America  and  settled  in  Boston  in  1718. 
His  principal  work  is  a  Summary,  His 
torical  and  Political,  of  the  British  Set 
tlements  in  America.  Others  of  less  note 
are  Mercurius  Novanglicanus.  He  died 
Oct.  21,  1752,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DOUTHAT,  ROBERT  WILLIAM,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  April  13,  1840,  in 
Christiansburg,  Va.  He  graduated  from 
Emory  and  Henry  college,  and  has  at 
tained  success  as  an  educator.  For  eleven 
years  ne  was  professor  of  language  in  the 
Missouri  University  School  of  Mines;  was 
a  college  president  for  ten  years;  and  is 
now  professor  of  Latin  in  the  West  Vir 
ginia  university  of  Morgantown,  W.  Va. 
He  is  the  author  of  several  educational 
works,  and  contrioiites  extensively  to  cur 
rent  literature. 

DOVENER,  BLACKBURN  BARRETT, 
soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
April  20,  1842,  in  Cabell  county,  W.  Va. 
He  raised  a  company  of  loyal  Virginians 
and  served  in  the  United  States  volunteer 
infantry  during  the  war.  He  was  elected 
as  a  representative  of  Ohio  county  in  the 
legislature  of  1883;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

DOW,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  19,  1772,  in  Ashford,  Conn.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Thompson,  Conn.,  and  the  author  of 
Familiar  Letters  to  Rev.  John  Sherman; 
The  Pedobaptist  Catechism;  The  Sinaitic 
and  Abrahamic  Covenants;  and  Free  In 
quiry  Recommended  on  the  Subject  of 
Free  Masonry.  He  died  July  19,  1849,  in 
Thompson,  Conn. 

DOW,  LORENZO,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1777,  in  Coventry,  Conn. 
He  was  an  eccentric  methodist  traveling 
preacher,  especially  vehement  against  the 
Jesuits.  He  was  the  author  of  Polemical 
Works;  The  Stranger  in  Charleston,  or 
the  Trial  and  Confession  of  Lorenzo  Dow; 
A  Short  Account  of  a  Long  Travel;  Jour 
nal  and  Miscellaneous  Writings;  and  His 
tory  of  a  Cosmopolite,  an  autobiographic 
work.  He  d.ed  Feb.  2,  1834,  in  George 
town,  D.  C. 

DOW.  MARY  E.  H.  G.,  business  woman, 
was  born  Dec.  15,  1848,  in  Dover,  N.  H. 
She  attended  the  Dover  academy  and 
graduated  from  the  high  school  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  She  is  the  first  woman 
president  of  a  street  railroad,  having 
been  president  of  the  Dover  Street  Rail 
way  company.  She  is  now  engaged  in 
real  estate,  and  manages  her  own  real 
estate. 


312 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA        OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DOW,  MILTON,  merchant,  was  born 
Sept.  18,  1855,  in  Kansas.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  common  schools  of 
Iowa  and  Kansas.  Since  1882  he  has  been 
postmaster  in  Shilili,  N.  M.,  where  he  is 
a  successful  merchant,  and  is  prominent 
ly  identified  with  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state. 

DOW,  MOSES  A.,  publisher,  was  born 
in  1810,  in  Littleton,  N.  H.  In  1850  he 
began  the  publication  of  the  Waverly 
Magazine,  the  circulation  of  which  for 
many  years  was  50,000  copies.  He  died 
June  22,  1886,  in  Charlestown,  Mass. 

DOW,  NEAL,  prohibitionist,  was   born 
March  20,  1804,   in  Portland,  Maine.     He 
was   of    Quaker   parentage;    was   a   mer 
chant  and  manufac- 
^^^^^  turer;  and  was  twice 

elected      mayor      of 
Portland.       About 
HB    1857  he   became   the 
Ap|  jMh  1  I    champion  of  prohib- 

I    i  t  i  v  e       legislation, 
^   ^      jfl  I   which     resulted     in 

V"-^"  I    the    passage    of    the 

I   celebrated     Maine 

£:;Vr'J&          I    li(luor   law    of    1861' 
I    in    honor    of    which 

f^^   he     was    called    the 
father  of  the  Maine 

Liquor  Law.  He  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature;  served  gallantly  in  the  union 
army  during  1861-04;  and  was  eight 
months  in  Libby  prison.  He  several 
times  visited  England,  lecturing  on  tem 
perance.  He  died  in  1897. 

DO\VU.  CHARLES  FERDINAND,  edu 
cator,  was  born  April  25,  1825,  in  Madi 
son,  Conn.  He  was  president  of  Temple 
Grove  seminary  of  Saratoga  Springs,  N. 
Y.  He  conceived  the  idea  of  adopting 
one  standard  for  railway  time,  and  after 
submitting  it  to  a  railway  convention  in 
New  York  city  in  October,  1869,  he  de 
vised  a  complete  plan,  which  he  published 
with  a  map  in  1870. 

DOWD,  CLEMENT,  lawyer,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1832,  in 
Moore  county,  N.  C.  He  was  mayor  of 
Charlotte  from  1869  to  1871.  He  was 
elected  president  of  the  Commercial  Na 
tional  bank  of  that  city  in  1871,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  position.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Nortn  Carolina  to 
the  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

DOWD,  DANIEL  L..  educator,  inventor, 
was  born  Jan.  23,  1854,  in  Cazenovia,  N. 
Y.  In  1883  he  moved  to  New  York  city, 
where  he  opened  a  school  for  physical 
and  vocal  culture,  the  only  school  of  its 
kind  in  the  country.  He  has  invented  a 
number  of  health  exercise  machines, 
which  he  has  manufactured  on  a  large 
scale. 

DOWD,  MARY  ALICE,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  16,  1855,  in  Frankfort,  W. 
Va.  She  is  an  educator  of  Stamford, 
Conn.,  and  the  author  of  a  volume  en 
titled  Vacation  Verses. 

DOWDALL,  EDWARD,  painter,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  May  17,  1857,  in  Ireland. 
In  1865  he  emigrated  to  the  United  States. 
He  attended  grammar  school  No.  24  of 
New  York  city;  Cooper  Institute;  Nation 
al  Academy  of  jJesign;  and  the  Art  Stu 
dents'  League  of  New  York  city,  of  which 
latter  institution  he  is  a  life  member. 
He  painted  the  large  picture  of  Charles 
the  First  and  >Jromwell,  which  was  ex 
hibited  in  1890  at  tne  National  Academy 
of  Design;  and  has  painted  numerous 
portraits  of  prominent  people  of  the 
United  States.  He  also  modeled  In  clay 
many  busts  which  are  now  exhibited  in 
various  parts  of  tne  United  States 


DOWDELL,  JAMES  F.,  lawyer,  planter, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1818,  in 
Jasper  county,  Ga.  He  moved  to  Ala 
bama  in  1846,  and  took  charge  of  a  female 
college  for  one  year.  In  1848  he  was  a 
presidential  elector;  and  was  a  represent 
ative  from  Alabama  in  the  thirty-third, 
thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 

DUWDNEY,  ABRAHAM,  soldier,  con 
tractor,  builder,  congressman,  was  born 
in  October,  1810.  in  Ireland.  He  served  in 
the  union  army  during  the  civil  war  as 
captain  in  the  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
second  regiment  New  York  volunteers. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  school 
trustees  of  the  nineteenth  ward  of  New 
York  city  from  1882  to  1885;  and  in  1885 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-ninth  congress.  He 
died  Dec.  10,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

DOWELL.  GREENSVILLE,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  1.  1822.  in  Albe- 
marle  county.  Va.  He  originated  the 
Dowell  system  for  the  treatment  of  her 
nia;  and  was  the  author  of  several  books 
on  that  subject  and  yellow  fever.  He  died 
in  1881  in  Galveston,  Texas. 

DOWLER,  BENNET,  physician  and 
physiologist,  was  born  April  16,  1797,  in 
Moundsville,  Ohio.  In  1854  he  began  m 
New  Orleans  the  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal.  He  was  noted  for  his  experi 
ments  upon  the  human  body  soon  after 
death,  the  results  of  which  were  given  to 
the  world  in  a  series  of  essays  in  1843-44. 

DOWLING,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  12.  1807,  in  England.  He 
was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  New  York 
city,  whose  writings  had  a  large  circula 
tion.  He  was  the  author  of  Vindication 
of  the  Baptists;  History  of  Romanism; 
Defence  of  the  Protestant  Scriptures; 
Power  of  Illustration;  Nights  and  Morn 
ings;  Judson  Offering;  and  Exposition  of 
the  Prophecies  Concerning  the  Second 
Coming  of  Christ.  He  died  July  4,  1878, 
in  Middletown,  N.  Y. 

DOWLING,  LEE,  clergyman,  physician, 
author,  poet,  was  born  May  18,  1844,  in 
Bellville.  Ohio.  During  the  civil  war  he 
was  the  youngest  chaplain  in  the  service. 
For  many  years  he  was  a  professor  of 
physiology  in  medical  colleges.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Crown  of  Sunday 
School  Songs;  The  Psalm  of  Victory;  and 
other  music  books  that  have  attained  a 
wide  circulation. 

DOWNES.  JOHN,  mathematician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1799,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  mathematician  of  \Vasn- 
ington,  and  the  author  of  Peter  Parley  s 
Almanacs  for  Old  and  Young;  Logar 
ithms  and  Logarithmic  Lines  and  Tan 
gents;  and  United  biaies  Almanac  Com 
plete,  or  Ephemeris.  He  died  in  1882. 

DOWNES,  WiLLIAM  HOWE,  journal 
ist,  auuior,  was  born  in  1854,  in  Connecti 
cut.  He  is  a  Boston  journalist,  for  many 
years  on  the  staff  of  the  Transcript,  and 
the  author  of  Spanish  Ways  and  By- 
Ways;  and  The  Tin  Army  of  the  Poto 
mac,  or  a  Kindergarten  of  War. 

DOWNEY,  ALEXANDER  C.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  Sept.  10, 
1817,  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  In  1862 
he  accepted,  as  a  war  democrat,  the  nom 
ination  for  the  state  senate  on  the  union 
ticket,  and  was  elected. 

DOWNEY,  JOHN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1770,  in  Germantown.  Pa.  In 
1817  he  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  legislature.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
series  of  humorous  sketches  under  the 
signature  of  Simon  the  Wagoner.  He 
compiled  a  work  entitled  The  Justice's 
Assistant.  He  died  July  21.  1827,  in 
Harrlsburg,  Pa. 


DOWNEY,  JOHN  G.,  statesman.  He 
was  governor  of  California  from  1860  to 
1862. 

DOWNEY,  S.  W.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  25,  1839,  in 
Westernport,  Md.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion. 
He  removed  to  the  territory  of  Wyoming 
in  1869;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  ter 
ritorial  council  in  1871,  1875,  and  1877; 
was  treasurer  of  the  territory  for  three 
years,  and  was  auditor  of  the  territory  at 
the  time  of  his  election  as  a  delegate 
from  the  territory  of  Wyoming  to  the 
forty-sixth  congress. 

DOWNEY,  WILLIAM  D.,  merchant, 
was  born  March  18,  1834,  near  Princeton, 
Ind.  In  1861  he  went  to  Princeton,  Ind., 
and  engaged  in  mercantile  business. 

DOWNIE,  DAVID,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  in  1838,  in  Scotland.  He  is  a 
baptist  missionary  to  India  who  has  pub 
lished  a  History  of  the  Telugu  Mission. 

DOWNING,  ANDREW  JACKSON, 
landscape  gardener,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
20,  1815,  in  Newburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
noted  horticulturist  and  landscape  gar 
dener  of  New  York,  who  did  much  to 
popularize  a  knowledge  of  rural  art.  He 
was  the  author  of  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Landscape  Gardening;  Fruit  and  Fruit 
Trees  of  America;  Architecture  of  Coun 
try  Houses;  Cottage  Residences;  and 
Rural  Essays.  He  died  Aug.  28,  1852,  Bear 
Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

DOWNING,  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  congress  from  the  territory  of  Florida 
from  1837  to  1841.  He  died  Oct.  24.  1841. 

DOWNING,  EDWARD  C.,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  24,  l!su2,  in  Wooster. 
Ohio.  He  has  been  professor  of  Greek  and 
Latin  in  several  large  colleges.  In  1888 
he  published  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Minutes  With  the  Muses. 

DOWNING,  FINIS  EWING,  lawyer, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 
24,  1846,  in  Virginia,  111.  Since  1891  he 
has  published  the  Virginia  Enquirer.  He 
was  elected  secretary  of  the  senate  In 
1893  for  the  thirty-eighth  general  assem 
bly  of  Illinois;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

DOWNING,  MRS.  FRANCES,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1835,  in  Portsmouth. 
Va.  She  published  Pluto,  or  the  Origin  of 
Mint  Julep,  a  story  in  verse  after  the 
manner  of  the  Ingoldsby  Legends;  and 
several  novels,  including  Nameless;  Per 
fect  Througn  Suffering;  Florida;  and  Five 
Little  Girls  and  Two  Little  Boys.  She 
died  in  1894,  in  Charlottesville,  N.  C. 

DOWNS,  ASHBEL  FAIRCHILD,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1854,  in 
New  Geneva,  Pa.  He  attended  the  West 
Virginia  university;  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  profession  of  law  at  Union- 
town,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  Heroes  and 
Heroic  Deeds,  or  Uncrowned  Kings;  and 
various  addresses  and  other  papers. 

DOWNS.  SOLOMON  V/.,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  In  1801,  in  Ten 
nessee.  He  was  United  States  district 
attorney  from  1845  to  1847;  a  presidential 
elector  In  1844;  collector  of  the  port  of 
New  Orleans;  and  from  1847  to  1853  was 
a  senator  in  congress  from  Louisiana. 
He  died  Aug.  14,  1854,  in  Orchard  Springs, 
Ky. 

DOWS.  STEPHEN  LELAND.  contrac 
tor,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1832, 
in  New  York  city.  After  the  war  he  en 
gaged  in  railroad  building  under  con 
tract  and  was  then  rewarded  for  a  long 
and  patient  effort  by  abundant  success. 
He  has  been  elected  several  times  to  the 
state  senate  and  was  at  one  time  consid 
ered  for  governor  of  the  state  of  Iowa. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


31S 


DOWSE,  EDWARD,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1819  to  1821. 

DOWSE,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirteenth  congress,  but  died 
before  taking  his  seat,  Feb.  18,  1813. 

DOX,  PETER  MYNDERT.  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1813, 
in  Geneva,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  in  1841;  and  was  judge  of  the 
Ontario  county  courts.  He  removed  to 
Alabama  in  1855;  and  engaged  in  agricul 
tural  pursuits;  and  in  1865  was  elected,  as 
a  union  man.  to  represent  Madison  coun 
ty  in  the  convention  called  for  the  re 
vision  of  the  state  constitution;  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  restoration  of  the 
state  to  its  place  in  tne  union.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-first  and  forty-sec 
ond  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

DOXEY,  CHARLES  T.,  congressman. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  In 
diana  to  the  forty-seventh  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy. 

DOYLE,  EDWARD,  poet.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Moody 
Moments. 

DOYLE,  JAMES,  gold  miner,  was  born 
Dec.  20.  1868,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He 
holds  official  relations  with  several  im 
portant  concerns,  . 
and  is  secretary  and 
assistant  manager  of 
the  Portland  Gold 
Mining  company, 
president  and  owner 
of  the  Unita  Mining 
and  Transportation 
company.  He  is  also 
a  director  in  vari 
ous  mining  com 
panies  and  business 
enterprises;  and 
takes  an  active  part 
in  public  affairs  of  his  city  and  state. 

DOYLE.  JOHN  T.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Nov.  26,  1819,  in  New  York  city.  He  has 
been  for  three  successive  terms  viticul- 
tural  commissioner  for  the  state  at  large, 
and  during  his  last  term  president  of  the 
board.  He  has  also  been  for  over  thirty 
years  trustee  of  the  San  Francisco  law 
library,  and  for  several  years  back  presi 
dent  of  that  institution. 

DOYLE,  RICHARD  DEVEREUX,  law 
yer,  poet,  was  bom  Oct.  8,  1850,  in  Nor 
folk,  Va.  After  receiving  the  degree  of 
bachelor  of  law  at  the  university  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  graduating  in  moral  philoso 
phy  and  logic,  he  went  to  Indianapolis 
and  there  practiced  law  and  edited  a 
weekly  newspaper.  He  lately  became  as 
sistant  attorney-general  of  the  state  of 
Indiana.  He  is  still  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  his  native  city,  where  he 
has  filled  all  the  high  offices  in  the  gift 
of  his  city  and  county.  His  poems  have 
been  incorporated  in  several  standard 
works. 

DRAKE,  ALEXANDER  WILSON,  en 
graver,  art  director,  was  born  in  1843,  In 
Westfield,  N.  J.  In  1865  he  established 
himself  in  the  business  of  wood-engrav 
ing,  doing  work  for  publishers;  and  in 
1870  he  was  made  art  superintendent  of 
Scribner's  Monthly,  which  in  1881  be 
came  known  as  the  Century  Magazine, 
and  with  which  he  has  since  been  con 
tinuously  connected. 

DRAKE,  BENJAMIN,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1794,  in  Mason  county. 
Ky.  He  was  a  Cincinnati  journalist 
whose  writings  include  Cincinnati  in 
1820;  Tales  and  Sketches  from  the  Queen 
City;  Life  of  Black  Hawk;  Life  of  Wil 
liam  Henry  Harrison;  anu  Life  of  Te- 
cumseh.  He  died  April  1,  1841,  in  Cincin 
nati.  Ohio. 


DRAKE,  BENJAMIN  M.,  '  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Sept.  11, 
1800,  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  instru 
mental  in  building  the  tirst  methodist 
church  in  New  Orleans;  was  president  of 
Elizabeth  Female  academy,  the  first 
methodist  school  established  in  that 
state;  and  was  also  president  of  Cente 
nary  college.  He  died  in  1860  in  Missis 
sippi. 

DRAKE,  CHARLES  DANIEL,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  author,  was  born 
April  11,  1811,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In 
1859  he  was  elected  to  the  Missouri  legis 
lature;  and  in  1861  and  1862  he  took  an 
active  and  conspicuous  part  against  the 
secession  movement.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  to  the  Missouri  state  convention; 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1864;  and  in 
1S65  was  a  member  and  vice-president  of 
the  convention  that  formed  the  present 
constitution  of  Missouri.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  Mis 
souri  for  the  term  ending  in  1873;  and  in 
1871  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the 
court  of  claims.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Suits  by  Attach 
ment  in  the  United  States;  and  a  Life  of 
Daniel  Drake. 

DRAKE,  DANIEL,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  20,  1785,  in  Plainfield,  N.  J. 
He  was  a  distinguished  physician  of  Cin 
cinnati  and  Philadelphia  who  is  best 
known  by  his  valuable  work  on  The  Dis 
eases  of  the  Interior  Valley  of  North 
America,  which  embodies  a  vast  amount 
of  patient  research.  His  other  works  in 
clude  Pictures  of  Cincinnati  and  the  Mi 
ami  Country;  History  of  the  Prevention 
and  Treatment  of  Epidemic  Cholera;  Es 
says  on  Medical  Education;  Discourses; 
and  Pioneer  Life  in  Kentucky.  He  died 
Nov.  6.  1852,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

DRAKE,  ELIAS  FRANKLIN,  cap 
italist,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  21, 
1813,  in  Urbana,  Ohio.  He  was  president 
of  the  Dayton  and  Xenia  railroad,  and  of 
the  Dayton  and  Western  raiiroad.  He 
served  in  the  state  legislature;  in  1838 
accepted  the  presidency  of  the  Columbus 
Insurance  company;  in  1864  he  built  the 
St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City  raiiroad;  and  in 
1873  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  of 
Minnesota.  He  died  Feb.  ]4,  1892,  in  San 
Diego,  Cal. 

DRAKE,  FRANCIS  MARION,  soldier, 
merchant,  lawyer,  railroad  president, 
banker,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  30.  1830, 
in  Rushville,  111.  In 
1852  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Sacramen 
to,  Cal.;  and  while 
crossing  Shell  Creek, 
Neb.,  in  command  of 
twenty  men,  he  had 
a  severe  engagement 
with  three  hundred 
Pawnee  Indians, 

,  which  were  defeated 
with  heavy  loss  in 
I  killed  and  wounded. 
He  subsequently  was 
connected  with  his  father.  John  Adams 
Drake,  in  the  mercantile  and  milling 
business  in  Dra&eville  and  Centerville, 
Iowa.  In  1861  he  enlisted  and  was  com 
missioned  captain  of  a  company;  served 
with  distinction  throughout  the  civil  war. 
and  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers.  After  the  war  he  became  a 
noted  lawyer,  and  subsequently  was  en 
gaged  in  the  railroad  and  banking  busi 
ness.  He  projected,  constructed  and  put 
into  operation  five  railroads;  and  has  been 
president  of  the  Indiana, Illinois  and  Iowa 
Railroad  company;  president  of  the  Albia 
and  Centerville  Railroad  company;  presi 
dent  of  Centerville  national  bank.  In 
1895  he  was  elected  governor  of  the  state 
of  Iowa. 


DRAKE,  FRANCIS  SAMUEL,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1828,  in  Northwood,  N. 
H.  He  prepared  without  aid  a  Dictionary 
of  American  Biography,  the  materials  for 
which  he  was  twenty  years  in  collecting. 
He  also  published  a  Memorial  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  Society  of  the  Cincinnati 
(1873);  Life  of  Gen.  Henry  Knox  (1873); 
The  Town  of  Roxbury  (1873);  Tea-Leaves 
(1884);  and  Indian  History  for  Young 
Folks  (1885).  He  edited  Schoolcraft's 
History  of  the  Indians;  and  contributed 
articles  on  Brighton,  Watertown,  and 
Roxbury  to  the  Memorial  History  of  Bos 
ton.  His  Dictionary  of  American  Biogra 
phy,  with  his  latest  corrections  and  all 
the  materials  that  he  had  gathered  for  a 
new  edition,  was  incorporated  in  Apple- 
ton's  Cyclopaedia  of  American  Biography. 
He  died  Feb.  22,  1885,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

DRAKE,  J.  MADISON,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  March  25.  1837,  in 
Somerset  county,  N.  J.  In  1861  he  organ 
ized  the  first  company  of  United  States  vol 
unteers  which  was  raised  in  New  Jersey 
for  three  months'  service;  and  was  the 
first  who  unfurled  the  first  federal  flag  on 
confederate  soil.  He  was  wounded  and 
made  a  prisoner  of  war,  and  received  a 
congressional  medal.  After  the  war  he  be 
gan  the  publication  of  the  Daily  Monitor 
at  Elizabeth,  N.  J.;  in  1889  he  started  The 
Sunday  Leader,  and  the  same  year  be 
gan  the  issue  of  The  Daily  Leader.  Gen 
eral  Drake  is  the  author  of  a  History  of 
the  Ninth  New  Jersey  Volunteers;  Fast 
and  Loose  in  Dixie;  Across  me  Conti 
nent;  and  other  works. 

DRAKE,  JAMES  PERRY,  soldier,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1797,  in  Rob 
ertson  county,  N.  C.  In  1832  he  was  ap 
pointed  brigade  inspector.  While  in  Mex 
ico  he  was  made  civil  and  military  gover 
nor  of  Matamoras,  and  commander  of 
all  forces  of  the  lower  Rio  Grande.  He 
was  sent  to  the  legislature  from  Marion 
county,  and  then  elected  treasurer  of 
state. 

DRAKE,  JOHN  ADAMS,  merchant, 
banker,  state  legislator,  was  born  in  1804, 
in  Nash  county,  N.  C.  He  was  of  English 
descent,  and  traced  his  ancestry  back  to 
Sir  Francis  Drake;  and  also  to  the  dis 
tinguished  Adams  family.  In  1837  he 
moved  from  Rushville,  111.,  to  Fort  Madi 
son,  Iowa,  and  subsequently  was  probate 
judge  of  Lee  county.  In  1846  he  moved 
to  Davis  county,  where  he  founded  Drake- 
ville,  and  there  built  up  a  large  mercan 
tile,  packing  and  milling  business  in  con 
nection  with  his  two  sons,  John  Hamilton 
and  Francis  Marion.  In  1866  he  com 
menced  the  banking  business  in  Drake- 
ville;  and  ten  years  later  removed  to  Cen 
terville;  and  was  president  of  the  Cen- 
terviiie  National  bank  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  During  1852-53  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Iowa  state  legislature.  He  died  in 
May,  1880,  in  Centerville,  Iowa. 

DRAKE.  JOHN  BURROUGHS,  hotel 
man,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1826,  in  Lebanon, 
Ohio.  In  1874  he  leased  the  Grand  Pa 
cific  hotel  and  managed  the  house  suc 
cessfully  until  the  spring  of  1895,  retiring 
then  on  account  of  the  high  rent  demand 
ed.  He  was  president  of  the  Chicago  and 
Joliet  railroad.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1895.  in 
Chicago,  111. 

DRAKE,  JOHN  R.,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1783.  He  was  one  of  the 
earnest  settlers  in  Tioga  county,  N.  Y.; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1817  to  1819.  He  was 
elected  judge  of  Tioga  county  in  1833; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  as 
sembly  in  1834.  He  died  March  21,  1857. 
in  Oswego,  N.  Y. 


314 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA       OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DRAKE,  JOSEPH  RODMAN,  physi 
cian,  author,  poet,  was  borri  Aug.  7,  1795, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  talented 
physician  of  New  York  city,  co-author 
with  Halleck  of  The  Croaker  Papers  in 
the  Evening  Post.  His  poetical  fame  rests 
on  The  Culprit  Fay;  and  The  American 
Flag.  He  died  Sept.  21,  1820. 

DRAKE,  SAMUEL  ADAMS,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  20,  1833,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  the  author  of  Around  the  Hub,  a 
Boy's  Book  About  Boston;  The  Heart  of 
the  White  Mountains;  Old  Landmarks 
and  Historic  Personages  of  Boston; 
Nooks  and  Corners  of  the  New  England 
Coast;  Old  Landmarks  and  Historic 
Fields  of  Middlesex;  Captain  Nelson; 
The  Watch  Fires  of  '76;  Burgoyne's  In 
vasion  of  1777;  The  Taking  of  Louisburg; 
The  Battle  of  Gettysburg;  Our  Colonial 
Homes;  New  England  Legends  and  Folk- 
Lore;  The  Making  of  New  England,  1580- 
1643;  The  Making  of  Virginia  and  the 
Middle  Colonies,  1578-1701;  The  Making 
of  the  Ohio  Valley  States,  16GO-1837;  The 
Making  of  the  Great  West,  1512-1853; 
History  of  Middlesex  County;  and  The 
Pine-Tree  Coast. 

DRAKE,  SAMUEL  GARDINER,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1798,  in  Pittsfleld, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  Boston  bookseller  of 
antiquarian  tastes  who,  beside  editing 
several  historical  works,  was  the  author 
of  Memoir  of  Cotton  Mather;  Entertain 
ing  History  of  King  Philip's  War;  Book 
of  the  Indians;  Old  Indian  Chronicle;  Ac 
count  of  the  Family  of  Drake;  Memoir 
of  Walter  Raleiph;  History  and  Antiqui 
ties  of  Boston:  Indian  Biography;  Indian 
Captivities;  Annals  of  Witchcraft  in  the 
United  States;  and  History  of  the  French 
and  Indian  War.  He  died  in  1875. 

DRAKE,  THOMAS  J.,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  jurist,  was  born  April  18,  1799.  in 
Scipio,  N.  Y.  In  1822  he  settled  at  Pon- 
tiac,  Mich.,  and  was  a  leading  lawyer 
for  more  than  fifty  years.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  territorial  council  from  1828 
to  1831.  He  was  senator  in  1839-41,  and 
acting  governor  in  1841-42.  He  was  pros 
ecuting  attorney;  register  of  probate; 
presidential  elector  in  1840  and  1856; 
chief  justice  of  Utah  from  1862  to  1869; 
and  publisher  of  a  paper  first  at  Flint, 
then  at  Pontiac.  He  died  April  20,  1875. 

DRAPER,  ANDREW  SLOAN,  lawyer, 
educator,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  June  21,  1848,  in  Westford,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  lawyer  and  educator  of  Albany, 
and  since  1894  president  of  the  university 
of  Illinois.  He  is  the  author  of  What 
Ought  the  Common  Schools  to  Do?;  How 
to  Improve  the  Country  Schools;  Powers 
and  Obligations  of  Teachers;  School  Ad 
ministration  in  Large  Cities;  Origin  of 
the  New  York  Common  School  System; 
A  Teaching  Profession;  Authority  of  the 
State  in  Education;  Legal  Status  of  the 
Public  Schools;  Normal  and  Training 
School  System  of  New  York;  Responsibil 
ity  and  Authority  of  Trustees;  American 
Schools  and  American  Citizenship:  and 
Public  School  Pioneering  in  New  York 
and  Massachusetts. 

DRAPER.  DANIEL,  meteorologist,  was 
born  April  2,  1841,  in  New  York  city.  He 
has  invented  numerous  self-recording  in 
struments,  including  the  photographic 
barograph  and  thermographs  (dry  and 
wet),  pencil  gauges  for  rain  and  snow, 
for  direction  of  the  wind,  and  for  the  ve 
locity  and  force  of  the  wind. 

DRAPER,  HENRY,  educator,  author, 
was  born  March  7,  1837,  in  Prince  Ed 
ward  county,  Va.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Construction  of  a  Silvered  Glass  Tel 
escope;  and  Text -Book  of  Chemistry.  He 
died  Nov.  20,  1882.  in  New  York  city. 


DRAPER,  JOHN  CHRISTOPHER,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  March  31,  1835. 
in  Mecklenburg  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
New  York  physician,  professor  in  the  uni 
versity  of  New  York;  and  the  author  of 
Text-BooK  in  Anatomy;  Physiology  and 
Hygiene;  Practical  Laboratory  Course  in 
Physics;  and  Text-Book  of  Medical  Phys 
ics.  He  died  Dec.  20,  1885,  in  New  York 
city. 

DRAPER,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  scientist, 
author,  was  born  May  5,  1811,  near  Liver 
pool,  England.  He  was  a  distinguished 
scientist  who  came  from  England  to  the 
United  States  in  1832,  and  from  1839  to 
1881  was  connected  with  the  univer 
sity  of  New  York.  He  was  the  author  of 
History  of  the  Civil  War  in  America; 
History  of  tiie  Intellectual  Development 
of  Europe;  The  Future  Civil  Policy  of 
America;  Human  Physiology;  Elements 
of  Chemistry;  Text-Book  of  Natural  Phi 
losophy;  Text-Book  on  Physiology;  Re 
searches  in  Actino-Chemistry;  Scientific 
Memoirs;  and  History  of  the  Conflict  be 
tween  Religion  and  Science.  He  died  Jan. 
4,  1882,  in  Hasting's-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

DRAPER,  JOSEPH,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1830  to  1833. 

DRAPER,  LYMAN  COPELAND,  anti 
quarian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1815,  in 
Adams,  N.  Y.  he  was  an  antiquarian 
writer  of  Madison,  Wis.;  and  the  author 
of  Madison,  the  Capital  of  Wisconsin; 
and  King's  Mountain  and  its  Heroes.  He 
died  Aug.  27.  1891,  in  Madison,  Wis. 

DRAPER.  THOMAS  JEFFERSON, 
physician,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1852,  near 
Mineral  Springs,  Ark.  He  attended  the 
South  Arkansas  college;  and  in  1878 
graduated  in  medicine  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Louisville.  He  has  received  a  clas 
sical  education;  and  is  well  read  in  litera 
ture,  science  and  political  economy,  as 
well  as  in  medicine.  He  has  been  mayor 
of  Mineral  Springs,  Ark.;  president  of  the 
Howard  County  Medical  society;  exam 
iner  for  four  life  insurance  companies;  a 
member  of  the  board  of  medical  exami 
ners,  and  of  various  other  medical  bodies. 

DRAPER,  WILLIAM  FRANKLIN,  sol 
dier,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
April  9.  1842.  in  Lowell,  Mass.  He  served 
in  the  union  army 
during  1861-64,  and 
held  commissions  as 
second  lieutenant, 
first  lieutenant,  cap 
tain,  major,  and 
lieutenant  -  colonel, 
commanding,  also  as 
colonel  and  briga 
dier-general  b  y 
brevet.  He  is  a 
manufacturer  of  cot 
ton  machinery  and 
has  made  and  pat 
ented  many  improvements  in  such  ma 
chinery.  He  was  president  of  the  Home 
Market  club  in  1891  and  1892;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  national  conven 
tion  in  1876;  was  colonel  on  staff  of  Gov 
ernor  Long  from  1880  to  1883.  He  was  a 
(andidate  for  governor  before  the  repub 
lican  state  convention  of  1888  and  chosen 
presidential  elector  at  large  the  same 
year;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  repub 
lican,  and  declined  a  re-election.  In  1897 
he  was  appointed  ambassador  to  Italy. 

DRAPIER.  WILLIAM  H.,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1832,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1861  he  was  elected  and  com 
missioned  colonel  of  the  state  militia. 
For  thirty  years  he  was  an  official  ste 
nographer  in  the  constitutional  conven 
tions  of  several  states,  and  various  politi 


cal  bodies,  and  edited  several  newspapers. 
He  is  now  the  proprietor  of  the  Indiana 
Journal  of  Commerce  of  Indianapolis. 
Ind.  He  has  been  elected  and  re-elected 
frequently  as  an  officer  01'  the  Indiana 
Kditors'  and  Publishers'  association. 

DRAYTON,  HENRY  b.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1840,  in  New  Jer 
sey.  He  is  connected  with  the  publish 
ing  house  of  Fowler  and  Wells;  and  is 
the  editor  of  the  Phrenological  Journal 
and  Science  and  Health.  Besides  his  ed 
itorial  work  that  would  fill  volumes,  he  is 
author  of  several  books,  among  them, 
Light  in  Dark  Places;  and  Brain  and 
Mind. 

DRAYTON,  JOHN,  governor,  author, 
was  born  in  1766,  in  South  Carolina.  He 
was  governor  of  South  Carolina  from 
1800  to  1802,  and  from  1808  to  1810;  and 
was  district  judge  of  the  United  States 
for  some  years  previous  to  his  death.  He 
published  A  View  of  South  Carolina;  Me 
moirs  of  the  Revolution  in  South  Caroli 
na,  in  two  volumes;  and  Letters  Written 
During  a  Tour  Through  the  Northern  and 
Eastern  States.  He  died  Nov.  27,  1822,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

DRAYTON,  WILLIAM,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1733,  in  South  Carolina.  In  1789 
he  was  appointed  the  first  United  States 
judge  for  the  district  of  South  Carolina. 
He  died  May  18,  1790. 

DRAYTON,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1776,  in  St. 
Augustine,  Fla.  He  was  a  captain  in  the 
South  Carolina  militia;  in  1812  was  com 
missioned  a  colonel  in  the  United  Stales 
army,  and  inspector-general  in  1814.  He 
assisted  Generals  Scott  and  Macomb  in 
preparing  a  System  of  Infantry  Tactics 
for  the  army.  He  was  elected  recorder  of 
Charleston  in  1819;  and  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  South  Carolina 
from  1825  to  1833.  He  was  chosen  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  bank  in  1840. 
He  died  May  24,  1846,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DRAYTON,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  jurist, 
statesman,  author,  was  born  in  1742,  in 
South  Carolina.  In  1771  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  judge;  was  president  of  the  provin 
cial  congress;  and  was  made  chief  justice 
in  1776.  He  was  a  leading  member  of  the 
South  Carolina  assembly;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1778  to 
1779,  and  was  a  signer  of  the  articles  of 
confederation.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
History  of  the  American  Revolution, 
which  was  afterward  published  in  three 
volumes  by  his  son.  He  died  in  1779. 

DREHER,  JULIUS  DANIEL,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1846, 
in  Lexington  county.  S.  C.  He  graduated 
with  honors  from  the  RoanoKe  college  of 
Salem,  Va. ;  of  which  institution  he  has 
been  president  since  1878;  ana  for  seven 
years  prior  to  that  time  was  professor 
in  the  same  college. 

DRESSER,  HORACE,  lawyer,  author. 
He  wrote  much  on  constitutional  ques 
tions,  and  published  The  Battle  Record  of 
the  American  Rebellion;  and  Internal 
Revenue  Laws  as  Amended  to  July,  1866. 
He  died  Jan.  27,  1877. 

DREW,  DANIEL,  capitalist,  was  born 
in  1788,  in  Carmel.  N.  Y.  In  1866  he  was 
treasurer  of  the  Erie  Railroad  company, 
to  which  he  lent  the  sum  of  $3,500,000,  re 
ceiving  as  security  $3,000,000  of  shares  of 
unused  stock  and  $3,000.000  of  bonds  con 
vertible  into  stock.  In  I860  he  gave  $250,- 
000  to  found  the  Drew  Theological  serai- 
nary  of  Madison,  N.  J.,  and  increased  this 
sum  by  successive  donations  to  nearly 
$1,000,000.  He  (lied  Sept.  19,  1879.  in  New 
York  city. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


315 


DREW,  FRANKLIN  MELLEN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  July  19,  1837,  in 
Turner,  Maine.  In  1858  he  graduated 
from  Bowdoin  college.  He  was  a  union 
soldier  for  over  three  years  during  the 
civil  war,  and  was  promoted  to  major  and 
brevet  colonel.  During  1868-71  he  was 
secretary  of  the  state  of  Maine.  In  1889 
he  was  elected  department  commander, 
department  of  Maine,  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic.  Since  1889  he  has  served 
with  distinction  as  judge  of  probate.  He 
is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  his  na 
tive  state,  and  has  a  law  office  in  Lewis- 
ton,  Maine. 

DREW,  GEORGE  F.,  statesman.  He 
was  governor  of  Florida  from  1877  to  1881. 

DREW,     JOHN,     comedian,     was    born 
1       Nov.  13,  1854,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has 
,       created  more  than  forty  parts  in  comedy, 
personating  all   with  skill   and  care,  and 
many  with  brilliant  success.     Petruchio, 
.       in  Taming  the  Shrew,  is  his  favorite  char 
acter. 

DREW,  THOMAS  S.,  statesman.  He 
was  governor  of  Arkansas  from  1844  to 
1848. 

DREXEL,  ANTHONY  JOSEPH,  bank 
er,  philanthropist,  was  born  in  1826,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  president  of  the 
banking  establishment  of  the  New  York 
Drexel,  Morgan  and  Co.;  and  founded 
and  heavily  endowed  the  Drexel  institute, 
which  has  achieved  a  wide  reputation. 

DREXEL,  JOSEPH  WILHELM,  bank 
er,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1831,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  After  his  father's  death  he  re 
turned  to  Philadelphia,  and  in  1871,  with 
Junius  S.  Morgan  of  London,  established 
in  New  York  city  the  banning  house  of 
Drexel.  Morgan  and  Co.,  becoming  its 
head.  He  died  March  25,  1888,  in  New 
York  city. 

DRIGGS,  JOHN  F.,  congressman,  was 
born  March  8,  1813,  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 
In  1844  he  was  appointed  superintendent 
of  the  New  York  penitentiary;  and  in 
1850  settled  in  East  Saginaw,  Mich.  He 
was  president  of  that  village  in  1858;  and 
during  the  two  succeeding  years  was  a 
member  of  the  Michigan  legislature. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  thirty-eighth,  thirty- 
ninth  and  fortieth  congresses  as  a  repub 
lican.  He  died  Dec.  17,  1877. 

DRINKER,  MRS.  ANNA,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1827,  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.  She  is  the  author  of  Poems  by  Edith 
May;  Tales  and  Verses  for  Children;  and 
Katy's  Story. 

DRISCOL,  MICHAEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1805  in  Ireland.  He  was  superior 
of  the  theological  seminary  at  Fordham. 
and  afterward  president  of  St.  Francis 
Xavier  college.  New  York.  He  erected 
the  church  of  St.  Michael  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 
He  died  in  1880  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

DRISLER,  HENRY,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  27,  1818,  on  btaten  Island, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  classical  scholar  of  dis 
tinction,  professor  at  Columbia  college 
since  1843,  whose  Greek  and  English  Lex 
icon  has  long  been  a  standard  authority. 

DROMGOOLE.  GEORGE  C.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Virginia. 
He  served  for  many  years  in  the  two 
houses  of  the  state  legislature,  and 
was  president  of  the  senate.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  second  constitutional  con 
vention  of  Virginia;  and  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from  183 
to  1841,  and  from  1843  to  1847.  He  died 
April  27.  1847. 

DRONE,  EATON  SYLVESTER,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1842,  in 
Zanesville,  Ohio.  He  is  a  legal  writer  on 
the  staff  of  the  New  York  Herald;  and 
the  author  of  The  Law  of  Property  in  In 


tellectual  Productions,  embracing  Copy 
right  and  Playright. 

DRUM,  AUGUSTUS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1853  to  1855. 

DRUMMOND,  JOSIAH  HAYDEN,  law 
yer,  aunior,  was  born  in  1827.  He  is  a 
lawyer  who  was  attorney-general  of 
Maine  for  some  years,  and  published 
Maine  Masonic  Text-Book  for  Use  of 
Lodges;  and  History  of  Masonic  Jurispru 
dence. 

DRUMMOND,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1809,  in 
Bristol,  Maine,  he  removed  to  Galena, 
111.,  in  1835;  was  elected  to  the  house  of 
representatives  of  Illinois  in  1840;  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  district  court  of  the 
United  States  for  Illinois  in  1850.  He  re 
moved  10  Chicago  in  1854;  became  judge 
of  the  uistrict  court  of  the  United  States 
for  the  northern  district  of  Illinois.  In 
1868  he  moved  to  V/infield,  where  he  died 
in  1897. 

DRUMMOND,  WILLIAM  W.,  jurist.  He 
was  a  resiuent  of  Illinois;  and  was  ap 
pointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Utah. 

DRURY,  AUGUSTUS  WALDO,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1851.  He  is  a 
clergyman  of  the  sect  of  united  brethren 
in  Christ  who  has  written  a  Life  of  Otter- 
bein,  the  founder  of  the  sect. 

DRURY,  JOHN  BENJAMIN,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  15, 
1838,  in  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.  He  attended 
the  Rhinebeck  academy,  Rutgers  college, 
and  the  New  Brunswick  Theological  sem 
inary;  and  has  received  the  degree  of  D. 
D.  He  has  been  president  of  the  general 
synod  of  tne  reformed  church  of  Amer 
ica;  was  Vedder  lecturer  in  1883;  and 
since  1887  has  been  editor  of  the  Chris 
tian  Intelligencer  of  New  York  city.  He 
is  the  author  of  Trutns  and  Untruths  of 
Evolution;  and  various  other  works. 

DRURY,  MARION  RICHARDSON, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1849, 
in  Pendleton,  Ind.  In  1889  he  was  ap 
pointed  editor  of  The  Religious  Tele 
scope  of  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Pastor's  Pocket  Book;  Handbook 
for  Workers;  and  At  Hand. 

DRURY,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
inventor,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1842,  in  Wor 
cester,  Mass.  In  1865  he  graduated  from 
•Yale  college,  and  since  1873  has  been  a 
successful  lawyer  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
is  the  inventor  of  the  system  of  spinning 
yarn,  by  which  numerous  strands  of 
twisted  and  completed  yarn  are  made  di 
rectly  from  the  ring-doffers  of  a  card 
ing  machine  without  any  subsequent  pro 
cess  or  spinning. 

DRYDEN,    JOHN    FA1RFIELD,    presi 
dent  of  the  Prudential  Insurance  Company 
of    America,    was    born   Aug.    7,    1839,    in 
Farmington.     Maine. 
In     1875     the      real 
birth     of     industrial 
insurance   in   Ameri- 
^^^  ca    took    place.      On 

ff  that   day   was   form 

ed      what      is      now 
The    Prudential     In 
surance  Company  of 
^^^^t^t*  America.       Into       it 

^^^k         "^^^    '   were  merged  all  the 
Bk  ML   rights,   titles,    inter- 

I  ests  and  obligations 
of  The  Friendly  so 
ciety,  and  Mr.  Dryden  accepted  the  nomi 
nally  modest  but  all  important  office  of 
secretary.  From  the  first  he  has  been  the 
chief  guide  and  motive  power  of  the  insti 
tution. 


DRYSDALE,  THOMAS  MURRAY,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1831,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1862  he  delivered  a 
course  of  lectures  on  the  microscope  in 
the  Franklin  institute.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  international  medical  con 
gress  in  1876,  and  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  American  gynecological  society. 

DUANE,  JAMES,  jurist,  statesman,  was 
born  Feb.  6,  1733,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1774  to  1784,  and  signed  the 
articles  of  confederation.  He  attended  the 
Indian  treaty  at  Albany  in  August,  1775; 
was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  con 
vention  in  1776  and  1777,  and  on  the  com 
mittee  which  drafted  it.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  -of  the  committee  of  safety;  in  1783 
returned  to  New  York  city  on  its  evacua 
tion  by  the  British,  and  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  council.  He  was  state  senator 
in  1783  and  1784;  first  mayor  of  New 
York  in  1784;  member  of  the  convention 
to  adopt  the  federal  constitution  in  1788; 
United  States  district  judge  from  1789  to 
1794.  He  died  Feb.  1.  1797,  in  Duanesburg, 
N.  Y. 

DUANE,  JAMES  CHATHAM,  general, 
author,  was  born  June  30,  1824,  in  Schen- 
ectady,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  retired  brigadier- 
general  of  the  United  States  army;  and 
the  author  of  A  Manual  for  Engineer 
Troops. 

DUANE,  RUSSELL,  lawyer,  was  born 
June  15,  1866,  in  Gloucester  county,  N.  J. 
In  1892  he  was  appointed  junior  counsel 
for  the  government  in  the  Behring  sea  ar 
bitration  proceedings. 

DUANE,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1760  near  Lake  Champlain. 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  prominent  journalist  and 
politician  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Military  Dictionary;  The  Missis 
sippi  Question;  An  Epitome  of  the  Arts 
and  Sciences;  Visit  to  Colombia  in  1822; 
American  Military  Library;  Handbook 
for  Riflemen;  and  Handbook  for  Infan 
try.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1835,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

DUANE,  WILLIAM,  author,  was  born 
in  1807  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  Phila 
delphia  writer  who  published  Relation  of 
Landlord  to  Tenant  in  Pennsylvania;  Law 
of  Roads  in  Pennsylvania;  Canada  and 
the  Continental  Congress;  and  Ligan,  a 
collection  of  tales  and  essays. 

DUANE,  WILLIAM  JOHN,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1780  in  Ireland.  He  was 
an  eminent  lawyer  of  Philadelpnia  who 
was  secretary  of  the  treasury  in  1833,  and 
was  dismissed  from  office  by  President 
Jackson  for  declining  to  order  the  deposits 
removed  from  the  bank  of  the  United 
States.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Law 
of  Nations  Investigated;  Letters  on  In 
ternal  Improvement;  and  Narrative  and 
Correspondence  Concerning  the  Removal 
of  the  Deposits,  1838.  He  died  Sept.  27, 
1865,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DUBBS,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1838,  in  Al- 
lentown,  Pa.  He  is  a  German  reformed 
clergyman,  and  has 
been  professor  of 
history  in  Franklin 
and  Marshall  college, 
Lancaster,  Pa.,  since 
1875.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Otterbein 
and  the  Reformed 
Church;  Historic 
Manual  of  the  Re 
formed  Church; 
Home  Ballads  and 
Metrical  Versions; 
and  Why  Am  I  Re 
formed?  He  is  also  the  author  of  a  num 
ber  of  poems. 


316 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DU  BIGNON,  FLEMING  G.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  25,  1853,  in 
Milledgeville,  Ga.  He  was  county  judge 
of  Baldwin  county,  Ga.;  state  senator  and 
chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  in 
1882;  solicitor-general  in  1884;  and  state 
senator  and  president  of  the  senate  in 
1888. 

DU  BOIS,  AUGUSTUS  JAY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  25,  1849,  in  New 
ton  Falls,  Ohio.  He  has  been  a  pro 
fessor  of  engineering  at  Yale  university 
since  1877;  and  is  the  author  of  Ele 
ments  of  Graphical  Statics;  The  New 
Method  of  Graphical  Statics;  Strains  in 
Framed  Structures;  and  Mechanics. 

DUBOIS,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  artist, 
was  born  Oct.  19,  1847,  in  Hoboken,  N.  J. 
At  the  Philadelphia  exhibition  he  exhibit 
ed  Willows  at  East  Hampton  and  The 
Palisades  of  the  Hudson;  at  the  Paris 
exposition  of  1878,  Morning  in  Venice, 
View  on  the  Hudson,  and  Autumn.  He 
died  March  6,  1885,  in  Italy. 

DUBOIS,  FRED  T.,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  29, 
1851,  in  Crawford  county,  111.  He  was 
United  States  marshal  of  Idaho  from  1882 
till  1886,  and  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth 
and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republican 
delegate,  being  the  last  delegate  from  the 
territory.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  as  a  republican  for  term  of 
1891-97. 

DU  BOIS,  HENRY  K.,  physician,  was 
born  Aug.  31,  1847,  in  New  Berlin,  Wis. 
During  1870-76  he  was  connected  with  the 
hospitals  in  New  York  city;  since  1889  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  medi 
cal  examiners  for  Florida;  and  in  1895 
became  president  of  the  Florida  State 
Medical  association. 

DUBOIS,  JOHN,  Roman  catholic  bishop, 
was  born  Aug.  24.  1764,  in  Paris,  France. 
He  was  the  founder  of  Mount  St.  Mary's 
college  of  Emmittsburg,  Va.,  and  also  its 
president.  He  was  appointed  bishop  of 
New  York  in  1826,  and  at  his  instance  the 
sisters  of  charity  from  Emmittsburg 
founded  the  first  female  academy  in  the 
city  of  New  York  in  1829.  HP  died  Dec. 
20.  1842,  in  New  York  city. 

DU  ROIS.  WILLIAM  EDWARD  BURG- 
HARDT,  educator,  author,  was  born  in 
1868.  He  is  an  educator  of  African  de 
scent,  assistant  professor  of  sociology  in 
the  university  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
author  of  The  Suppression  of  the  African 
Slave  Trade  to  the  United  States.  1638- 
1810. 

DU  BOIS,  WILLIAM  EWING.  numis 
matist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1810,  in 
Doylestown.  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia 
numismatist,  assayer  at  the  mint,  and 
the  author  of  Manual  of  Gold  and  Silver 
Coins  of  All  Nations;  and  Pledges  of  His 
tory,  an  account  of  the  Antique  Coins  in 
the  United  States  Mint.  He  died  July  14 
1881,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

DU  BOIS,  WILLIAM  H..  legislator, 
banker,  financier,  was  born  March  24 
1835.  in  Randolph,  Vt.  In  1875  he  organ 
ized  the  Randolph  National  bank,  and  has 
been  its  president  since.  In  1876  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Vermont  general  assem 
bly  from  Randolph,  and  of  the  senate 
from  Orange  county  in  1892.  In  1882  he 
was  elected  state  treasurer,  and  held  the 
office  eight  years  consecutively. 

nUBOISE.  DUDLEY  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1834.  in  Shel 
by  county,  Tenn.  He  served  as  a  gen 
eral  In  the  confederate  army,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Georgia  to 
the  forty-second  congress.  He  died  March 
2.  1883. 


DU  BOSE,  MRS.  CATHERINE  ANNE 
(.RICHARDS),  author,  poet,  was  born 
Sept.  19,  1826,  in  England.  She  is  a  Geor 
gia  writer  who  published  The  Pastor's 
Household,  or  Lessons  on  the  Eleventh 
Commandment,  a  juvenile  tale. 

DU  BOSE,  DUDLEY  McIVER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  28, 
1834,  in  Shelby  county,  Tenn.  At  the  be 
ginning  of  the  civil  war  he  entered  the 
confederate  army  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  After  the  war  he  rep 
resented  Georgia  in  the  forty-second  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

DU  BOSE,  HORACE  MELLARD,  cler 
gyman,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1858,  near 
Mobile,  Ala.  He  has  been  the  chief  edi 
tor  of  the  Pacific  Methodist  Advocate,  the 
leading  religious  newspaper  on  the  Pa 
cific  coast.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume 
entitled  Rupert  Wise,  a  poetic  romance  in 
eight  cantos;  and  Psyche,  a  symbolic 
poem. 

DUBOURG,  LOUIS  GUILLAUME  VAL 
ENTIN,  bishop,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1766. 
In  1815  he  was  appointed  the  first  Roman 
catholic  bishop  of  New  Orleans.  He  died 
Feb.  12,  1833,  in  France. 

DUBUIS,  CLAUDE  MARIE.  Roman 
catholic  bishop,  was  born  in  1817,  in 
France.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  bishop 
of  Galveston,  Texas. 

DUCACHET,  HENRY  WILLIAM,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1796,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  filled  the  office  of  rector  of 
the  Burd  Orphan  asylum,  an  institution 
which  owes  its  origin  to  his  exertions. 
He  died  Dec.  13,  1865,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

DUCATEL,  JULIUS  TIMOLEON,  chem 
ist,  educator,  author,  was  born  June  6, 
1796,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  chem 
ist  of  Baltimore,  professor  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Maryland  and  author  of  a  Manual 
of  Toxicology.  He  died  in  1849. 

DUCEY,  THOMAS  JAMES,  clergyman, 
was  born  Feb.  4,  1843,  in  Ireland.  He 
purchased  property,  and  for  three  years 
maintained  the  work  to  which  he  had  de 
voted  himself  out  of  his  own  resources. 
In  1880  he  founded  the  church  of  St.  Leo 
at  a  cost  of  $200,000. 

DU  CHAILLU,  PAUL  BELLONI,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  31,  1835,  in  France. 
He  is  a  noted  French  traveler  who  has 
become  a  naturalized  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  is  the  author  of  Ivar  the  Vik 
ing;  Explorations  and  Adventures  in 
Equatorial  Africa;  A  Journey  to  Ashango 
Land;  My  Apingi  Kingdom:  Wild  Life 
Under  the  Equator;  Lost  in  the  Jungle; 
The  Country  of  the  Dwarfs;  Land  of  the 
Midnight  Sun;  Age  of  the  Vikings;  and 
Stories  of  the  Gorilla  Country. 

DUCHE,  JACOB,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  1737  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  of  Philadelphia,  and 
the  author  of  several  works.  He  died  Jan. 
3,  1798.  in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

DUCHESNE,  LEON  C..  journalist, 
statesman,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1840,  in  Cald- 
well  parish.  La.  He  is  now  proprietor  and 
publisher  of  The  Republican  of  Natchez. 
Miss.;  and  publisher  of  The  Baptist  Sig 
nal.  He  was  nominated  for  the  fifty-first 
congress  by  the  republicans  of  the  sixth 
Mississippi  district. 

DUCHESNE.  PH1LIPPA  ROSE,  was 
born  in  1769  In  France.  She  was  the 
foundress  of  the  first  houses  of  the  Society 
of  the  Sacred  Heart  in  America.  She  died 
In  1852  In  St.  Charles,  La. 

DUCKETT,  ALLEN  B.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Maryland.  In  1806  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  the  United 
Stsites  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 


DUDLEY,  AUGUSTUS  P.,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  July  4,  1853,  in 
Phippsburg,  Maine.  In  1887  he  was  ap 
pointed  instructor  at  the  Post-Graduate 
Medical  school,  and  for  eighteen  years 
was  surgeon  in  the  Women's  hospital  of 
New  York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  Sur 
gical  Treatment,  and  other  articles. 

DUDLEY,  MRS.  BLANDINA,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  in  1783  in  New  York. 
In  1856  she  gave  seventy-five  thousand 
dollars  toward  the  endowment  and  erec 
tion  of  Dudley  observatory  in  Albany,  Jn 
memory  of  her  husband.  At  the  time  of 
her  death  she  had  given  more  than  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars  toward  its  com 
pletion.  She  died  in  January,  1863,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

DUDLEY,  CHARLES  BENJAMIN, 
chemist,  was  born  July  14,  1842,  in  Oxford. 
N.  Y.  In  1874  he  became  instructor  of 
physics  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania, 
but  resigned  at  the  end  of  the  year.  HP 
became  chemist  to  the  Pennsylvania  Rail 
road  company. 

DUDLEY,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  mer 
chant,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
May  23,  1780,  in  England.  He  was  state 
senator  from  1820  to  1825:  mayor  of  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.,  from  1821  to  1828,  and  United 
States  senator  from  1829  to  1833.  He  died 
Jan.  23,  1841,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

DUDLEY,  DEAN,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  May  23,  1823,  in  Kingfield,  Maine.  He 
is  a  Boston  lawyer  of  antiquarian  tastes; 
and  the  author  of  Pictures  of  Life  in  Eng 
land  and  America;  The  Dudley  Genealo 
gies;  Social  and  Political  Aspects  of  Eng 
land  and  the  Continent;  History  of  the 
First  Council  of  Nice;  Officers  of  the 
Army  and  Navy;  and  History  of  the  Dud 
ley  Family. 

DUDLEY,  EDWARD  B.,  congressman, 
governor.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  North  Carolina,  from  1829  to 
1831;  and  in  1836  was  elected  the  first  gov 
ernor  of  North  Carolina  under  the  amend 
ed  constitution  of  that  state,  rfe  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  president  of  the  Wil 
mington  and  Raleigh  Railroad  company. 
He  died  Oct.  30,  1855,  in  Wilmington. 
N.  C. 

DUDLEY,  JAMES  G.,  lawyer,  politician, 
orator,  was  born  April  8,  1848,  in  Hanni 
bal,  Mo.  He  was  educated  at  the  public 

schools  at  St.  Louis. 

Mo.  He  has  attained 
distinction  as  a  pro 
found  lawyer  and  a 
successful  advocate : 
and  has  been  counsel 
in  the  leading  civil 
and  crimin&l  cases  in 
Texas.  in  which 
state  he  has  a  law 
office  in  Paris.  He 
has  filled  all  the  po 
litical  offices  o  f 
honor  in  the  demo 
cratic  party  of  his  state;  and  as  a  plat 
form  speaker  and  orator  has  gained  a 
national  reputation. 

DUDLEY,  JOSEPH,  colonial  governor 
of  Massachusetts,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1647. 
in  Roxbury,  Mass.  From  1677  to  1681  he 
was  one  of  the  commissioners  for  the 
united  colonies.  In  1687  he  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  superior  court,  and 
was  made  chief  justice  of  New  York  in 
1690.  From  1702  to  1715  he  was  captain- 
general  and  governor-in-chief  of  Massa 
chusetts  Bay.  He  died  April  2,  1720,  in 
Roxbury,  Mass. 

DUDLEY,  PAUL,  jurist,  was  born  Sept. 
3,  1675.  In  1745  he  became  chief  justice 
of  Massachusetts.  He  represented  Rox 
bury  for  several  years  in  the  legislature. 
He  died  January.  1751.  in  Roxbury.  Mass. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY 


317 


DUDLEY,  PEMBERTON,  educator,  phy 
sician,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1837,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  professor  of  institutes 
of  medicine  and  hygiene  in  Hahnemann 
college.'  He  was  editor  of  the  Hahne- 
mannian  Monthly  for  eight  years,  and  has 
written  and  published  numerous  articles 
in  the  journals  of  his  school  of  medicine. 

DUDLEY,  SARAH  MARIE,  artist,  busi 
ness  woman,  was  born  in  1849,  in  Carlton, 
Mich.     She    has    attained    success   as   an 
artist;  and  has  a  stu- 
$   dio  in  Detroit,  Mich. 
!.'    She  is  also  an  inven- 
.     tor,   but   it   is  as  an 
'    architect,       designer 
I  and   builder  she  has 

*  won       her      greatest 
I   success.     She  bought 
I   land  in  what  proved 
»   to  be  one  of  the  best 

•  locations  in   Detroit. 
I   and      designed     and 

•-  ^9   built     a     graceful 
group   of   residences. 

among  which  is  one  of  the  most  palatial 
stone  mansions  in  the  city.  She  took  all 
the  responsibility  of  the  planning  and 
building,  and  receives  a  large  income  from 
the  rentals. 

DUDLEY,  THOMAS,  governor,  was 
born  in  1576  in  England.  In  1630  he  came 
to  Massachusetts  with  the  commission  of 
deputy  governor,  which  office  he  held 
from  1634  till  1640,  and  again  from  1645 
till  1650.  He  died  July  31,  1652,  in  Rox- 
bury,  Mass. 

DUDLEY,  THOMAS  UNDERWOOD, 
bishop,  author,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1837, 
in  Richmond,  Va.  He  is  the  second  prot- 
estant  episcopal  bishop  of  Kentucky.  He 
served  in  the  confederate  army  as  a  col 
onel,  and  afterwards  entered  the  ministry. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  Wise  Discrimina 
tion  the  Church's  Nee'd;  and  A  Sunday- 
School  Question  Book. 

DUDLEY,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1811,  in  Ireland. 
In  1851  he  was  elected  curator  of  the  New 
York  Medical  college,  holding  the  office  for 
several  years.  He  died  Oct.  9,  1886,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

DUDLEY,  WILLIAM  LOFLAND,  chem 
ist,  was  born  April  16,  1859,  in  Covington, 
Ky.  In  1886  he  became  professor  of  chem 
istry  in  Vanderbilt  university,  Nashville. 
The  electro-metallurgy  of  iridium  has 
been  principally  developed  through  his 
work.  He  has  published  scientific  papers 
in  various  journals,  and  wrote  the  article 
Iridium,  in  Mineral  Resources  of  the 
(inited  States,  1883-84  (Washington). 

DUDLEY,  WILLIAM  RUSSELL,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  March  1,  1849,  in 
Guilford,  Conn.  He  is  a  professor  of  bot 
any  at  Cornell  university,  who  has  pub 
lished  The  Cayuga  Flora. 

DUDLEY,  WILLIAM  WADE,  soldier, 
miller,  financier,  was  born  Aug.  7.  1842,  in 
Weathersfteld,  Vt.  In  1860  he  removed  to 
Richmond.  Ind.,  and 
engaged,  in  the  busi 
ness  of  milling.  He 
entered  the  union 
army  in  1861  as  cap- 
m f  tain,  and  served  with 

>  •  •)      gallantry  throughout 

1  %  the  war,  rising  to  the 

^^^^t  1  rank   of  colonel  and 

^fl  ^^^B^^^  brevet  brigadier-gen- 
•  eral.     In  1879  he  was 
j^L          I  appointed         United 
•I^^^^^Bk  •!  States    marshal    for 
Indiana;   and  in  1881 

was  appointed  commissioner  of  the  pen 
sion  bureau,  at  Washington. 


DUELL,  ROBERT  HOLLAND,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1823,  in 
Warren,  N.  Y.  He  was  district  attorney 
for  Cortland  county  in  1850-56;  and  in 
1856  was  elected  county  judge  for  said 
county.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh,  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses. 

DUER,  EDWARD  LOUIS,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1836,  in  Cross- 
wicks,  N.  J.  He  is  a  physician  of  Phila 
delphia,  and  the  author  of  Post-Mortem 
Discoveries;  and  Treatment  of  Diphtheria. 

DUER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  7,  1782,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  once  prominent  New  York  jurist 
whose  specialty  was  insurance  law,  and 
was  the  author  of  Duer's  Reports;  and 
Laws  and  Practice  of  Marine  Insurance. 
He  died  Aug.  8,  1858,  on  Staten  Island. 

DUER,  WILLIAM,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  March  18,  1747,  in  England.  He 
was  appointed  colonel  of  militia;  and 
judge  of  the  county  courts.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  provincial  congress,  and  of 
the  committee  of  safety;  and  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  committee  to  draft  the  state 
constitution  in  the  convention  of  1777.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1777  to  1778;  secretary  of  the  treas 
ury  board  until  the  organization  of  the 
department  in  1789;  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature,  and  assistant  secretary  of  the 
treasury  under  Hamilton,  until  1790.  He 
died  May  7,  1799,  in  New  York  city. 

DUER,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  May  25,  1805,  in  New  York  city. 
He  served  in  the  legislature  of  New  York 
on  two  occasions;  was  district-  attorney 
for  Oswego  county,  and  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1847  to  1851. 

DUER,  WILLIAM  ALEXANDER,  jur 
ist,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  8,  1780,  in  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.  He  was 
president  of  Columbia  college  in  1829-42; 
and  the  author  of  Constitutional  Juris 
prudence  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
May  30,  1858,  in  New  York. 

DUFF.  PETER,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  16,  1802.  in  Canada.  He  was  an 
educator  of  Pittsburg,  where  he  founded 
Duff's  Mercantile  college,  one  of  the  earli 
est  institutions  of  the  kind.  The  North 
American  Accountant  was  his  only  publi 
cation  of  note.  He  died  Sept.  13,  1869,  in 
Pittsburg.  Pa. 

DUFFEL.  MARY  GORDON,  author,  was 
born  in  1840  in  Alabama.  She  is  a  resi 
dent  of  Alabama,  and  has  published  A 
History  of  Alabama;  and  Guide  to  the 
Mammoth  Cave. 

DUFFIELD.  DIVIE  BETHUNE,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1821,  in  Carlisle. 
Pa.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  board 
of  education  of  Detroit  for  thirteen  yea"rs. 
and  is  active  in  all  educational  interests 
throughout  the  state. 

DUFFIELD.  GEORGE,  jurist.  He  was 
appointed  in  1805  United  States  judge  for 
the  territory  of  Orleans. 

DUFFIELD.  GEORGE,  clergyman,  was 
born  Oct.  7,  1732,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa. 
His  only  published  works  are  An  Account 
of  a  Missionary  Tour  Through  Western 
Pennsylvania  in  1766,  by  order  of  the 
synod;  and  a  Thanksgiving  Sermon  on 
Peace.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1790,  in  Philadel 
phia.  Pa. 

DUFFIELD,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  was 
born  July  4,  1794,  in  Strasburg,  Pa.  In 
1838  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Pres 
byterian  church  of  Detroit,  which  he  re 
tained  until  his  death.  In  1844-52  he  was 
regent  for  the  Michigan  State  university. 
A  full  review  of  his  life  would  embrace  a 


large  share  of  the  history  of  the  Presbyte 
rian  church  for  thirty  years.  He  died 
June  26,  1868,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

DUFFIELD,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  Sept.  12,  1816,  in  Carlisle,  Pa. 
He  held  important  pastorates  in  Brook 
lyn,  Philadelphia,  and  in  Michigan,  where 
he  resided  after  1861.  He  died  June  6 
1888,  in  Bloomfield,  N.  J. 

DUFFIELD,  HENRY  MARTIN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  orator,  was  born  May  15,  1842,  in 
Detroit,  Mich.  He  was  assistant  provost- 
marshal-general  of  the  army  of  the  Cum 
berland  on  General  Thomas's  staff.  He 
has  been  corporation  counsel  for  Detroit 
since  1876,  and  is  also  president  of  the 
state  military  board  of  Michigan. 

DUFFIELD,  JOHN  THOMAS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1823,  in 
McConnellsburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  who  was  professor  of  mathe 
matics  in  Princeton  college  for  many 
years,  and  published  The  Princeton  Pul 
pit  and  many  religious  monographs. 

DUFFIELD,  SAMUEL  AUGUSTUS 
WILLOUGHBY,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1843,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Bloomfield, 
N.  J.,  and  the  author  of  English  Hymns, 
their  Authors  and  History;  Latin  Hymn- 
Writers  and  their  Hymns;  and  Warp  and 
Woof,  a  Book  of  Verse.  He  died  May  12, 
1887,  in  Bloomfleld,  N.  J. 

DUFFIELD,  WILLIAM  WARD,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  19, 
1823,  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  is  an  engineer 
of  Kentucky  who  was  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  federal  army  during  the  civil  war, 
and  is  the  author  of  School  of  the  Brigade 
and  Evolutions  of  the  Line. 

DUGANNE,  AUGUSTINE  JOSEPH 
HICKEY,  journalist,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1823  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a 
journalist  of  New  York  city  chiefly  known 
as  a  poet.  During  the  civil  war  he  served 
in  the  federal  army,  and  was  for  some 
time  a  captive  in  sonthern  prisons. 
Among  his  writings  are  Prison  Life  in  the 
South;  Camps  and  Prisons;  History  of 
Governments;  The  Lydian  Queen,  a  tra 
gedy;  Home  Poems;  and  Parnassus  In 
Pillfry,  a  satire.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1884, 
in  New  York. 

DUGDALE,  RICHARD  L.,  sociologist, 
author,  was  born  in  1841  in  France.  He 
was  a  writer  on  sociology,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Jukes,  or  Heredity  in  Crime; 
and  Further  Studies  of  Criminals.  He 
died  July  23,  1883,  in  New  York  city. 

DUGGAN,  JAMES,  Roman  catholic  bish 
op,  was  born  in  1825  in  Ireland.  He  was 
consecrated  coadjutor  archbishop  in  1857, 
with  the  title  of  Bishop  of  Antigone,  and 
was  afterward  nominated  bishop  of  Chi 
cago. 

DUGRO,  PHILIP  HENRY,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1855,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1878  he  was  elected  to 
the  New  York  assembly  from  the  four 
teenth  district  as  a  democrat,  and  de 
clined  a  renomination.  In  1886  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  superior  court.  He  Is 
the  owner  of  the  Hotel  Savoy  on  the  Plaza 
at  the  entrance  to  Central  park. 

DUHAMEL,  WILLIAM,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1827  in  Maryland.  He 
served  as  chief  physician  for  ten  years 
to  the  United  States  prisons  in  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia.  He  wrote  a  treatise  on 
the  National  Hotel  Disease.  He  died  Aug. 
15,  1883,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

DUHRING,  JULIA,  essayist,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  23,  1836,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa 
She  is  an  essayist  who  has  published  Phil 
osophers  and  Fools;  Gentlefolks  and  Oth 
ers;  Amor  in  Society;  and  Mental  Life 
and  Culture. 


318 


IIKKKINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OK    AMKKK'AN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DUHR1NG,  LOUIS  ADOLPHUS,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1845,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  physician  of 
Philadelphia,  prominent  as  a  dermatol 
ogist,  and  the  author  of  Atlas  of  Skin  Dis 
eases;  Practical  Treatise  on  Diseases  of 
the  Skin;  Epitome  of  Skin  Diseases;  and 
Cutaneous  Medicine. 

DUKE,  RICHARD  T.  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  6,  1822,  in  Albe- 
marle  county,  Va.  He  was  elected  attor 
ney  for  the  county  of  Albemarle  in  1858, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  1869. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-first  congress 
to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-second  congress. 

DUKE,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  15,  1757.  in  Patapsco,  Md. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  and  edu 
cator  of  Maryland  who  published  A  Clew 
to  Religious  Truth.  He  died  in  1840  in 
Elkton,  Md. 

DULANEY.  WOODFORD  HECTOR, 
capitalist,  railroad  president,  was  born 
May  16,  lo*,2,  in  London  county,  Va.  He 
was  several  times  elected  to  the  general 
council  of  the  city  of  Louisville,  and  has 
been  president  of  the  Elizabethtown  and 
Paducah  railroad;  the  Cumberland  and 
Ohio  railroad;  the  Kentucky  National 
bank;  and  is  now  serving  his  twentieth 
year  as  director  of  the  Bank  of  Kentucky. 

DULANY,  DANIEL,  statesman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  July,  1721,  in  Maryland. 
He  was  a  noted  Maryland  statesman,  and 
the  author  of  Considerations  on  the  Pro 
priety  of  Imposing  Taxes  on  the  British 
Colonies.  He  died  March  19,  1797,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md. 

DULLES,  CHARLES  WINSLOW.  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  in  1850  in  the  East 
Indies.  He  is  a  surgeon  of  Philadelphia, 
and  the  author  of  What  to  Do  First  in 
Accidents  or  Poisoning;  What  to  Do  First 
in  Accidents  and  Emergencies;  and  Acci 
dents  and  Emergencies. 

DULLES,  JOHN  WELSH,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  4,  182.S,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  of  Philadelphia,  at  one  time  a  mis 
sionary  to  India,  and  the  author  of  The 
Soldier's  Friend;  Life  in  India;  and  The 
Ride  Through  Palestine.  He  died  April 
13,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DUMMER,  JEREMIAH,  author,  was 
born  in  1680  in  Boston,  Mass,  ne  was  a 
noted  scholar  who  was  colonial  agent  for 
Massachusetts  in  London  in  1710-21,  and 
was  a  political  friend  of  Bolingbroke.  He 
was  the  author  of  A  Letter  to  a  Noble 
Lord  Concerning  the  Late  Expedition  to 
Canada;  and  A  Defence  of  the  New  Eng 
land  Charters.  He  died  May  19,  1739. 

DUMMER.  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  in  1677  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1716  he 
was  commissioned  lieutenant-governor  of 
Massachusetts:  and  during  1723-28  acted 
as  governor  and  commander-in-chief.  He 
conducted  the  war  against  the  Indians 
with  skill.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1761.  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

DUMONT,  EBENEZER.  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1814,  in 
Vevay,  Ind.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1838;  and  from  1839  to 
1845  was  treasurer  of  his  county.  He 
served  in  the  war  with  Mexico  as  a  lieu 
tenant-colonel,  and  was  in  several  bat 
tles.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1852,  and  in  1850  and  1853  was  again 
elected  to  the  legislature.  He  was  presi 
dent  for  nine  years  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Indiana.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Indiana  to  the  thirty-eighth  and 
thirty-ninth  congresses.  He  died  April  16, 
1871,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

DUMONT.  MRS.  JULIA  LOUISA,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  October,  1794. 
in  Waterford,  Ohio.  She  was  a  noted  ed 
ucator  of  Vevay,  Ind..  and  the  auuior  of 


Life  Sketches  from  Common  Paths.  She 
died  in  1857. 

DUN,  ROBERT  GKAHAM,  merchant, 
founder,  was  born  in  1826  in  Chillicothe, 
Ohio.  An  existence  of  over  half  a  century 
has  enabled  the  Mercantile  Agency  of  R. 
G.  Dun  and  Co.  to  acquire  an  experience 
and  accumulate  an  amount  of  capital, 
which  enable  it  to  fulfill  to  the  satisfac 
tion  of  the  mercantile  community  the  im 
portant  duties  which  it  is  called  on  to 
discharge. 

DUNBAR,  CHARLES  FRANKLIN,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  in  1830  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  was  professor  of  political 
economy  at  Harvard  university  from 
1871,  and  the  author  of  Chapters  on  the 
Theory  and  History  of  Banking. 

DUNBAR,  GEORGE  TOWERS,  civil 
engineer,  ichthyologist,  was  born  Feb.  11. 
1812,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  one  of 
the  surveyors  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
railroad,  Portsmouth  and  WeMen  railroad, 
and  the  New  Orleans  and  Nashville  rail 
road.  In  1842  was  appointed  engineer  of 
the  state  of  Louisiana,  and  in  1848  dep 
uty  surveyor-general  of  that  state.  His 
great  love  of  natural  history  led  him  to 
make  a  large  collection  of  insects,  birds 
and  plants  of  the  United  States.  He  gave 
the  classical  names  to  the  streets  in  the 
upper  portion  of  New  Orleans,  and  Dun- 
bar,  a  town  in  Pennsylvania,  was  named 
after  him. 

DUNBAR,  JAMES  HARVEY,  lawyer, 
politician,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1868,  in 
Nicholas  county,  W.  Va.  In  1894  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  and  in  1897  was 
elected  mayor  of  Montgomery,  W.  Va.  He 
is  prominent  in  the  business  affairs  of 
his  city,  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

DUNBAR,  PAUL  LAURENCE,  poet, 
was  born  in  1872  in  Ohio.  He  is  a  poet  of 
Dayton,  Ohio,  of  African  descent,  and  the 
author  of  Lyrics  of  Lowly  Life. 

DUNBAR,  R.  O.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  April  26,  1845,  in  Schuyler  county, 
111.  He  has  been  city  attorney  of  Golden- 
dale,  Wash.,  for  several  terms  and  pros 
ecuting  attorney  for  his  district.  In  1885 
he  was  speaker  of  the  territorial  house, 
and  in  1889  was  elected  supreme  judge.  In 

1893  he  was  chosen  chief  justice,  and  in 

1894  was  again  re-elected  to  the  supreme 
bench  for  a  six-year  term. 

DUNBAR,  RICHARD   S.,   farmer,   poet, 
was  born  March  4,  1857,  in  Canada.     He 
has   lived   in  Wisconsin,    Missouri,   Colo- 
^^^^^^^^^^^^   rado,  and  is  now  en- 
/^^^^^        i   Kaged  in  farming  in 
,,,  Farlington,  Kan.    He 

\         is   a    member   of  the 
—^^^f   \    Farmers'       Alliance. 
•H   and  has  been  promi- 
'         3   nently  identified  with 
I   the     populist     party. 
H^B    He    has    contributed 
'   both  prose  and  verse 
to     the     periodical 
press;    is  special  cor 
respondent     for     the 
Inter-State  Press  as 
sociation,   and    is   the   author  of   several 
stories,  sketches,  and  works  of  fiction. 

DUNBAR,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Louisiana  from  1853  to  1855. 

DUNBAR,  WILLIAM  S.,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  18.  1823, 
in  Fincastle,  Va.  He  served  as  captain  of 
company  H,  eighth  regiment  West  Vir 
ginia  infantry,  in  the  union  army.  In 
1863  he  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  del 
egates  of  West  Virginia,  and  in  1864-65 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  He 
made  a  great  stand  against  secession;  and 
took  a  company  of  forty  well-armed  men 
outside  of  the  rebel  line,  held  elections 


and  elected  delegates  to  the  constitutional 
convention,  and  helped  to  divide  the  state 
of  Virginia,  and  formed  the  state  of  West 
Virginia.  He  has  been  successful  as  a 
physician,  and  now  resides  in  Clear  Creek, 
W.  Va. 

uuNCAN,  ALEXANDER,  congressman. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  congress  from  Ohio,  from 
1837  to  1841,  and  from  1843  to  1845.  He 
died  March  2,  1852,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

DUNCAN,  CHARLES,  jurist.  He  was 
appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  Unit 
ed  States  court  for  the  territory  of  Wis 
consin.  . 

DUNCAN,  DANIEL,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  22,  1806,  in  Ship- 
pensburg,  Pa.  In  1843  he  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  of  Ohio  from  Licking  coun 
ty;  and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1847  to  1849.  He  died  June  18,  1849, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

DUNCAN,  FRANCIS  MARION,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  legislator,  was  born 
Dec.  23,  1839,  in  Copp  county,  Ga.  During 
1873-76  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
general  assembly  of  Georgia,  and  during 
1877-80  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 
Since  1873  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Hamilton  college  of  Bremen,  Ga. 

DUNCAN,  GARNETT,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1847  to  1849.  He  died  May  25,  1875. 
in  Louisville. 

DUNCAN,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born 
Sept.  10,  1810,  in  Cornwall,  N.  Y.  He  be 
came  first  lieutenant  in  1836  and  there 
after  served  on  frontier  and  garrison  duty 
till  1845.  In  1846  he  was  made  captain. 
He  died  July  3,  1849,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 

DUNCAN,  JAMES  ARMSTRONG,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  April 
14,  1830,  in  Norfolk,  Va.  From  1868  until 
his  death  he  was  president  of  Randolph- 
Macon  college.  For  many  years  he  was 
editor  of  The  Richmond  Christian  Advo 
cate.  He  died  Sept.  23,  1877,  in  Ashland. 
Va. 

DUNCAN,  JAMES  H.,  lawyer,  clergy 
man,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1793, 
in  Haverhill,  Mass.  He  served  four  years 
in  the  state  legislature,  was  a  state  sen 
ator  from  1828  to  1831,  and  state  councilor 
in  1840  and  1841.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1849  to  1853.  He 
subsequently  became  a  baptist  minister, 
and  was  a  trustee  of  the  Newton  Theo 
logical  seminary.  He  died  Feb.  8,  1869,  in 
Haverhill,  Mass. 

DUNCAN,  JOHNSON  KELLY,  soldier, 
was  born  March  19,  1827,  in  York,  Pa.  In 
1849  he  graduated  from  West  Point,  and 
subsequently  was  in  the  confederate  serv 
ice  as  brigadier-general.  He  died  in  Jan 
uary,  1863,  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

DUNCAN,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1789,  in 
Paris,  Ky.  He  was  an  ensign  at  the  bril 
liant  defense  of  Fort  Stephenson  under 
Colonel  Croghan,  for  which  he  received 
from  congress  the  testimonial  of  a  sword. 
Feb.  13,  1835.  He  settled  in  Illinois,  and 
was  soon  elected  major-general  of  militia. 
He  was  state  senator,  and  in  the  session  of 
1824-25  originated  the  law  which  first 
established  common  schools  in  the  state. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1827  to  1835,  and  was  governor  of  Illinois 
from  1834  to  1838.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1844, 
in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

DUNCAN,  MAY  C.,  musician,  artist, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1860,  in  Ca'averas 
county,  Cal.  She  graduated  from  the  state 
university  of  California,  and  subsequently 
married  Dr.  M.  P.  Duncan.  Her  poems 
have  been  widely  published  in  the  papers 
of  California,  and  many  OL  them  have  been 
given  a  place  in  standard  works. 


HRKRINOSHAWS    KNCYCL,OPKL>IA    OF    A.MKRICAN     BIOUK  A  I'l  I  \ . 


319 


DUNCAN,  SHELBY  PATTERSON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  March  2.  1856,  in 
Fayette  county.  Ky.  In  1874  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  served  as  city 
attorney  of  Fairview,  111.  For  many  years 
he  taught  school;  in  1884  moved  to  Kan 
sas,  and  since  1888  has  practiced  his  pro 
fession  at  Coldwater.  He  has  been  police 
judge  of  his  city;  four  years  United  States 
circuit  court  commissioner  for  district  of 
Kansas;  and  judge  of  probate  of  his  coun 
ty.  He  has  also  served  two  years  as  pros 
ecuting  attorney,  and  filled  various  other 
positions  in  his  county  and  state. 

DUNCAN,  THOMAS  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1837,  in 
Holmes  county,  Ohio.  He  is  an  eminent 
lawyer  and  jurist  of  Mt.  Gilead,  Ohio; 
has  been  representative  in  the  general  as 
sembly  of  Ohio,  and  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas. 

DUNCAN,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1836,  in  Adams 
county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  district  at 
torney  in  1862,  and  again  in  1868,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  forty-eighth  congress. 

DUNCAN.  WILLIAM  CECIL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1824,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man  of  New  Orleans,  and  the  author  of 
Life  of  John  the  Baptisi;  History  of  the 
Baptists  for  the  First  Two  Centuries  of 
the  Christian  Era;  The  Years  of  Jesus; 
and  Brief  History  of  the  Baptists.  He 
died  May  1,  1864,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

DUNCAN,  WILLIAM  STEVENS,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  May  24,  1834,  in 
Brownsville,  Pa.  He  is  a  physician  of 
Brownsville,  Pa.,  and  the  author  of  Medi 
cal  Delusions;  and  Physiology  of  Death. 

DUNCAN,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  edu 
cator,  bishop,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1839,  in 
Boydton,  Va.  He  is  an  eminent  clergy 
man;  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  con 
ference,  and  has  been  a  college  professor 
and  bishop  in  the  methodist  episcopal 
church  south  at  Spartanburg,  S.  C. 

DUNCANSON,  HENRY  BRUCE,  biol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1860,  in 
Scotland  county,  Mo.  He  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  biology  in  the  Nebraska  State 
Normal  school  for  several  years,  and  is 
the  author  of  Suggestive  Lessons  in  Ele 
mentary  Zoology. 

DUNCOMBE,  JOHN  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  lecturer,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1831, 
in  Erie  county,  Pa.     He  received  his  edu 
cation    at    the    Alle- 
2   ghany  college,  Penn- 
:    s-ylvania,  from  which 
institution      he      re 
ceived  the  degrees  of 
,  ^^  A.  B.  and  A.  M.;  re 

ceived  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  from  the  Cen 
ter  college,  Ky.;  and 
the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
from  Griswold  col 
lege,  Iowa.  He  has 
served  as  a  repre 
sentative  and  sena 
tor  in  the  Iowa  legislature  for  seven  terms, 
general  and  special  sessions.  For  eight 
een  years  he  was  regent  of  the  Iowa  State 
university,  and  tor  twelve  years  lectured 
on  Law  of  Railroads  in  that  institution. 
For  twenty-four  years  he  was  curator  of 
the  State  Historical  society  of  Iowa.  Dur 
ing  the  Spirit  Lake  Indian  war  he  served 
as  captain  of  company  B.  He  has  been 
general  attorney  of  the  Mason  City  and 
Fort  Dodge  Railroad  company,  and  was 
the  organizer  of  that  company,  and  for 
thirty  years  he  has  been  district  attorney 
of  the  Central  Railroad  company,  which 
position  he  still  holds. 


DUNDAS,  JAMES,  banker,  was  born  in 
1788  in  Alexandria,  Va.  He  early  settled 
in  Philadelphia,  where  he  became  a  bank 
er,  and  was  president  of  the  Pennsylvania 
bank.  He  died  July  4,  1865,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

DUNDAS,  JOHN  H.,  journalist,  state 
senator,  was  born  in  1845,  in  Aurora,  111. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Granger 
of  Auburn,  Neb.,  which  he  founded  in 
1884.  In  1896  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Nebraska  state  senate. 

DUNDY,  ELMER  S.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  5,  1830,  in  Trumbull  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
upper  house  of  the  territorial  legislature 
of  Nebraska,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
four  years.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  an 
associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Nebraska  territory;  held  the  office  until 
the  territory  became  a  state,  in  1867,  and 
in  1868  was  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  judge  for  ihe  district  of  Nebraska. 

DUNGAN,  IRVINE,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Canons- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  Jack 
son  in  1869;  was  elected  state  senator 
from  the  seventh  senatorial  district  in 
1877;  and  was  the  author  of  the  first  law 
in  Ohio  against  the  truck  system.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

DUNGLISON,  RICHARD  JAMES,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1834,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  is  a  physician  of  Phil 
adelphia  who  has  issued  Practitioner's 
Reference  Book;  and  Elementary  Physi 
ology. 

DUNGLISON,  ROBLEY,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1798,  in  England. 
He  was  an  eminent  Philadelphia  physi 
cian,  professor  in  Jefferson  Medical  col 
lege  from  1836,  and  one  of  the  most  learn 
ed  men  of  his  profession.  His  most  im 
portant  work  is  his  Medical  Dictionary, 
which  has  a  very  wide  reputation,  v^ier 
works  are,  Human  Physiology;  Elements 
of  Hygiene;  General  Therapeutics;  The 
Medical  Student;  The  Practice  of  Medi 
cine;  and  Commentaries  on  Diseases  of 
the  Stomach  and  Bowels  in  Children.  He 
died  April  1,  1869.  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DUNHAM,  CARROLL,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1828,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  once  prominent  homeopa 
thic  physician  of  New  York,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Homoeopathy  the  Science  of  Ther 
apeutics;  and  Lectures  in  Materia  Medica. 
He  died  Feb.  18,  1877,  in  Irvington-on- 
Hudson,  N.  Y. 

DUNHAM,  CYRUS  L.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  Indiana  in 
1846  and  1847;  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1849  to  1855, 
and  served  again  in  the  legislature  at  a 
subsequent  period. 

DUNHAM,  EMMA  B,  S.,  poet,  was  born 
in  1826,  in  Auburn,  Maine.  She  has  com 
posed  a  nnmber  of  cantatas,  and  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  The  Home 
Opera  Margaret. 

DUNHAM,  HARRISON  M.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  April  25,  1857,  in  Highland. 
Mich.  He  was  judge  of  his  county  court 
for  eight  years;  judge  of  police  court,  of 
Cadillac,  Mich.,  for  three  terms;  and  jus 
tice  of  the  peace  for  thirteen  years. 

DUNHAM,  JOHN,  pioneer,  clergyman, 
was  born  Aug.  7,  1827,  in  Chesterfield,  N. 
H.  In  1852  he  was  ordained  a  clergyman 
and  spent  fifteen  years  in  pioneer  work  in 
Indiana  along  the  Wabash  river  and  its 
branches.  He  next  preached  to  the  Miami 
Indians,  which  resulted  in  the  formation 
of  a  mission  school  and  several  baptist 
churches.  He  has  attained  prominence  as 
a  gospel  singer,  and  now  resides  in  Cass 
City,  Mich. 


DUNHAM,  LEWIS  B.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1806,  in  Mansfield. 
Conn.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  state  legislature.  He  sub 
sequently  moved  to  Iowa,  where  he  served 
in  the  legislature  of  that  state,  and  died 
Jan.  1.  1892,  in  Maquoketa. 

DUNHAM,  RANSOM  W.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  March  21,  1838,  in 
Savoy,  Mass.  He  was  president  of  the 
Chicago  board  of  trade  in  1882,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

DUNHAM,  WARREN  JEROME,  clergy 
man,  was  born  July  25,  1872,  in  Ripley, 
Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wes- 
leyan  university  of  Delaware;  has  at 
tained  distinction  as  a  successful  clergy 
man  of  the  methodist  church,  and  now  fills 
a  pastorate  at  Cleves,  Ohio. 

DUNHAM,  WILLIAM  RUSSELL,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1833,  in 
Chesterfield,  N.  H.  He  is  a  physician  of 
Keene,  N.  H.,  who  has  published  Theory 
of  Medical  Science. 

DUNIWAY,  ABIGAIL  SCOTT,  journal 
ist,    arfthor,    was    born   Oct.    22,    1834,    in 
Groveland,  111.     She  is  the  editor  of  The 
__^________   Pacific      Empire,      a 

•^^^^^^  weekly    journal    de- 

ty  voted    to    the    inter- 

,£k  .    ests  of  women,    and 

vt  ^PJ9tr        for      near'y      twenty 

years  was  editor  and 
wK'^  j,     owner   of    The    New 

jTT      Northwest.       She     is 
the    state    president 
•MfaL      ^f        of  the  Oregon   State 
•^^  Equal  Suffrage  asso 

ciation,       vice-presi- 
mt       dent  of    the    Oregon 
Woman's       National 

Press  association,  and  of  various  other  re 
form  clubs  and  associations.  She  is  the 
author  of  Captain  Gray's  Company,  a  pio 
neer  novel;  David  and  Anna  Watson,  and 
Other  Poems;  and  numerous  serial  sto 
ries,  sketches  and  poems,  which  have  ap 
peared  in  her  own  publications  and  in  the 
leading  newspapers  and  magazines  in 
America. 

DUNKLIN,  DANIEL,  governor,  wa* 
born  in  1790.  He  was  governor  of  Mis 
souri  from  1832  to  1836.  He  died  Aug.  25. 
1844,  in  Jefferson  county.  Miss. 

DUNLAP,  ALEXANDER,  physician. 
was  born  Jan.  12,  1815,  in  Brown  county. 
Ohio.  He  was  one  of  the  first  surgeons  in 
the  country  to  perform  the  difficult  oper 
ation  of  ovariotomy. 

DUNLAP,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1794  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  was 
United  States  district  attorney  for  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1829  till  just  before  his 
death.  He  published  Admiralty  Practice 
in  Civil  Cases  of  Maritime  Jurisdiction, 
which  was  pronounced "  by  competent 
judges  to  be  learned,  accurate,  and  well 
digested.  He  died  in  1835  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DUNLAP,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  22, 
1813,  in  Fayette  county,  Ky.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  legislature,  alsa 
of  the  border  state  convention,  held  in 
1861.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress.  In  1864  he  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor.  He  died  June  6,  1880,  in  Lancaster. 
Ky. 

DUNLAP,  HENRY  M.,  farmer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1853,  in  Leyden. 
111.  For  two  years  he  was  president  of 
the  State  Horticultural  society,  and  secre 
tary  of  that  body  during  the  world's  fair. 
He  has  served  as  a  state  senator  in  the 
Illinois  legislature  from  the  thirtieth  dis 
trict. 


320 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DUNLAP,  JOHN,  printt.,  was  born  in 
1747  in  Ireland.  He  was  appointed  printer 
to  congress,  and  first  printed  the  Declara 
tion  of  Independence.  He  died  Nov.  27, 
1812,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DUNLAP,  JOHN  A.,  jurist,  author,  was 
born  about  1793.  He  was  a  justice  of  the 
peace  in  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of 
Practice  of  the  Superior  Court  of  New 
York  in  Civil  Actions;  and  Abridgment 
of  the  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth  Books  t 
of  Coke's  Reports.  He  died  in  1858. 

DUNLAP,  ROBERT,  hatter,  was  born 
Oct.  17,  1834,  in  New  York  city.  His  firm 
of  R.  Dunlap  and  Co.  of  New  York  city, 
of  which  he  is  sole  partner,  is  now  the 
leading  hatters  of  New  York  city. 

DUNLAP,  ROBERT   PINCKNEY,   law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,   govern 
or,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1796.  in  Brunswick. 
Maine.      He    was    a 
member  of  the  state 
legislature;     in    1823 
was  elected    a    state 
senator,  serving  nine 
years,   and    presided 
over  that  body  four 
years.      In     183.3     he 
^^^^^^J  was  a  member  of  the 

^•1  6*"^. '  executive   council   of 

jf  HH^Bhi  -M;m"  •  '"  is34  u;i 

elected  governor  of 
Maine,  and  served 
four  years;  and  was 

a  representative  in  congress  from  1843  to 
1847.  During  the  years  1848  and  1849  he 
was  collector  of  customs  at  Portland,  and 
from  1853  to  1857  postmaster  of  Bruns 
wick.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1859,  in  Brunswick. 
Maine. 

DUNLAP,  SAMUEL  FALES,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1825  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston,  and  the  author 
of  Origin  of  Ancient  Names;  and  Vesti 
ges  of  the  Spirit  History  of  Man. 

DUNLAP,  WILLIAM,  dramatist,  artist, 
author,  was  born  in  176t>  in  Perth  Amboy, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  prominent  artist,  dra 
matist,  and  theatrical  manager  of  New 
York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  of 
George  Frederick  Cooke;  Life  of  Charles 
Brockden  Brown;  The  American  Theater; 
History  of  New  York;  History,  Rise,  and 
Progress  of  the  Arts  of  Design  in  the 
United  States;  Thirty  Years  Ago,  a  novel; 
New  Netherlands,  Province  of  New  York; 
The  Father,  a  comedy;  and  Leicester,  a 
tragedy.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1839,  in  New 
York  city. 

DUNLAP,  WILLIAM  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1833  to  1837. 

DUNLAP,  WILLIAM  FREDERICK, 
journalist,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1859,  in  Ovid, 
N.  Y.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Times-Record  of  Valley  City,  N.  D. 

• 

DUNLOP,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  28,  1793,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 
In  1838  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
United  States  circuit  court,  was  made  as 
sistant  judge  in  1845,  and  chief  justice  in 
1856,  which  position  he  occupied  until 
1863,  when  the  court  was  abolished.  He 
died  May  6,  1872,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

DUNLOP,  JAMES,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1795  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
Pittsburg  lawyer,  prominent  as  an  op 
ponent  of  slavery,  and  the  author  of  Laws 
of  Pennsylvania,  1700-1853,  and  Digest  of 
the  General  Laws  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  April  9,  1856,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

DUNN,  CHARLES,  jurist.  He  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  Wisconsin,  residing  at 
Elk  Grove,  and  was  appointed  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  United  States  for  that  ter 
ritory. 


DUNN,  ELIAS  BOUND,  meteorologist, 
was  born  March  23,  1855,  in  Brooklyn,  N. 
Y.  In  1883  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
as  chief  weather  observer;  and  in  1884 
was  made  chief  of  the  weather  bureau  un 
der  the  United  States  department  of  agri 
culture  in  New  York  city. 

DUNN,  GEORGE  G.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  orator,  was  born  in  1813.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1847  to  1849.  He  died  in  September, 
1857. 

DUNN,  GEORGE  H.,  congressman.  He- 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  In 
diana  from  1837  to  1839. 

DUNN,  JACOB  PIATT,  state  librarian, 
author.  He  is  the  state  librarian  of  Indi 
ana,  and  the  author  of  History  of  Indiana; 
and  Massacres  of  the  Mountains,  a  His 
tory  of  Indian  Wars  in  the  Far  West. 

DUNN,  JAMES  H.,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  May  29,  1853,  in  Fort  Wayne. 
hid.  After  graduating  in  1871  from  the 
medical  department 
of  the  university  of 
New  York  city,  he 
took  a  two  years' 
post-graduate  study 
at  Heidelberg  and 
Vienna.  He  has  been 
professor  of  clinical 
surgery  in  the  medi 
cal  department  of 
the  university  of 
Minnesota;  surgeon 
to  St.  Mary's  hospi 
tal  of  Minneapolis; 
to  the  city  hospital;  the  Asbury  Methodist 
hospital,  and  consulting  surgeon  to  the 
Great  Northern  Railroad  company.  He  is 
an  ex-president  of  the  Minnesota  State 
Medical  association;  and  has  filled  many 
positions  of  honor  in  various  other  medi 
cal  bodies. 

DUNN,  JOHN  F.,  banker,  state  senator, 
was  born  in  1844  in  South  Carolina.  In 
1887  he  was  president  of  the  Merchant's 
National  bank  of  Ocala,  Fla.;  became 
president  of  the  Heather  Island  Orange 
company,  and  has  served  in  the  Florida 
state  senate. 

DUNN,  JOHN  V.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1838.  He  was  elected  alder 
man  of  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  in  1878,  and  was 
four  times  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
New  Jersey;  was  speaker  of  the  house  in 
1882;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

DUNN,  LEWIS  ROMAINE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1822  in  New  Jersey. 
He  was  a  methodist  divine  of  New  Jersey, 
and  the  author  of  Lizzie  Hagar,  the  Or 
phan  Girl:  The  Mission  of  the  Spirit; 
Angels  of  God;  and  Sermons  on  the  High 
er  Life.  He  died  in  1876. 

DUNN,  POINDEXTER,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1834,  in 
Wake  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1858; 
served  in  the  confederate  army,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  1867.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1872  and  1876. 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from  Ar 
kansas  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh, 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

DUNN,  WILLIAM  McKEE,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1814, 
in  Hanover,  Ind.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Indiana  legislature  in  1848,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  in  1850.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Indiana  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  became  as 
sistant  judge  advocate  in  the  army;  was 
also  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  Loyal 
ists'  convention  of  1866,  and  in  1875  was 
appointed  judge  advocate-general. 


DUNNE,  EDMUND  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  in  1835  in 
Little  Falls,  N.  Y.  He  removed  to  Ne 
vada  m  1863;  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
stitutional  convention  of  that  state,  and 
was  elected  a  district  judge.  In  1874  he 
was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  Arizona. 

DUNNELL,  MARK  HILL,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
uorn  July  2,  1823,  in  Buxton,  Maine.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legisla 
ture,  and  in  1855  to  the  state  senate.  Dur 
ing  the  years  1855-59  he  was  state  super 
intendent  of  common  schools,  and  in  1856 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  convention 
at  Philadelphia.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
union  army  as  colonel  of  infantry.  In 
1862  he  was  United  States  consul  at  Vera 
Cruz,  Mexico.  In  1865  he  went  to  Minne 
sota;  was  a  member  of  the  legislature 
of  that  state  in  1867;  was  state  superin 
tendent  of  public  instruction  from  1867  to 
1870;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-second, 
forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

DUNNING,  ALBERT  ELIJAH,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1844 
in  Connecticut.  He  is  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Boston,  editor  of  the  Con- 
gregationalist;  and  the  author  of  The 
Sunday-School  Library;  Bible  Studies; 
and  Cougregationalists  in  America. 

DUNNING,  MRS.  ANNIE  KETCHUM, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1831,  in  New 
York  city.  She  is  a  prolific  writer  of  Sun 
day-school  tales,  mainly  for  the  presbyte- 
rian  board  of  publication.  Among  them 
are  Clementina's  Mirror;  A  Story  of  Four 
Lives;  Broken  Pitchers;  and  Contradic 
tions. 

DUNNING,  FRANCES,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1841,  in  Kenosha,  Wis. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems 
which  was  published  in  1877.  She  is  also 
a  prose  writer  of  Madison,  Wis.,  and  her 
contributions  for  the  past  ten  years  have 
made  her  name  well  known  in  the  literary 
world. 

DUNNING,  HOMER  N.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  July  17,  1827,  In 
Brookfield,  Conn.  For  thirteen  years  he 
was  pastor  of  the  First  Congregational 
church  of  Gloversville,  N.  Y.,  and  from 
1866-83  was  pastor  of  his  church  at  South 
Norwalk,  Conn.  His  poems  have  appeared 
in  the  secular  and  religious  press,  and  In 
several  standard  works,  such  as  Edwards' 
Fifth  Reader,  and  Foster's  Cyclopedia. 

DUNNING,  KATE  W.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  March  31,  1871,  in  Chicago,  111. 
In  1878  she  moved  with  her  parents  to 
Nebraska,  where  she  is  now  engaged  in 
educational  work  at  Anselmo.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 

DUNNING,  PARIS  C.,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Indiana  in  1848  and  1849  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 

DUNNINGTON,  FRANCIS  PERRY, 
educator,  chemist,  author,  was  born 
March  3,  1851,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He 
is  the  author  of  numerous  chemical 
investigations,  accounts  of  which  have  ap 
peared  in  the  Chemical  News,  American 
Chemical  Journal,  the  transactions  of  var 
ious  societies  and  elsewhere. 

DUNPHY,  EDWARD  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  12,  1856,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  Tammany  democrat. 

DUNROY,  W.  REED,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  1,  1869,  in  Galesburg,  111. 
He  began  his  literary  work  as  reporter  on 
a  daily  newspaper,  and  has  contributed 
numerous  meritorious  poems  to  current 
literature. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


321 


DUNSTER,  EDWARD  SWIFT,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Sept.  2,  IBS'},  in  Springvale, 
Maine.  He  was  professor  of  obstet 
rics  and  the  diseases  of  women  and 
children  in  the  university  of  Vermont  in 
1868-71.  He  subsequently  held  the  same 
chair  in  Long  Island  Medical  college,  in 
the  medical  department  of  Dartmouth  col 
lege,  and  after  1873  in  the  university  of 
Michigan.  He  died  May  3,  1888,  in  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich. 

DUNSTER,  HENRY,  college  president, 
author,  was  born  in  1612,  in  England. 
Prom  1640-54  he  was  president  of  Harvard 
college,  serving  as  its  first  president.  He 
is  the  author  of  Advantages  of  Schools; 
and  A  Faithful  Ministry. 

DUNTON,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
railroad  promoter,  was  born  June  9,  1851, 
in  Northville,  N.  H.  He  enjoys  the  dis 
tinction  of  being  at  the  head  of  the  first 
and  only  bicycle  electric  railroad  yet  built, 
a  section  of  which  has  recently  been  com 
pleted  near  Patchogue,  N.  Y. 

DUNTON,  JOHN,  author,  was  born  May 
14,  1659,  in  England.  In  1705  appeared  the 
Life  and  Errors  of  John  Dunton,  by  him 
self,  in  which  are  to  be  found  the  lives  and 
characters  of  more  than  one  thousand 
contemporary  characters  of  literary  emi 
nence,  and  a  description  of  many  of  the 
ministers,  booksellers  and  other  citizens 
of  Boston  and  Salem.  He  died  in  1733  in 
New  England. 

DUNTON,  LARKIN,  educator,  was  born 
July  22,  1828,  in  Concord,  Maine.  He  at 
tended  the  town  schools,  Hallowell  acad 
emy,  and  the  Colby 
university.  For  two 
years  he  was  princi 
pal  of  the  Newcastle 
academy;  for  seven 
years  principal  of 
the  Bath  High 
school.  Maine;  for 
four  years  master  of 
the  Lawrence  school 
of  Boston,  Mass.; 
and  for  the  past 
quarter  of  a  century 
has  been  head  mas 
ter  of  the  Boston  Normal  school;  and 
prominent  in  the  educational  affairs  of 
New  England. 

DUPONCEAU,  PIERRE  ETIENNE, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1760  in 
France.  He  was  a  Frenchman  who  came 
to  America  as  aid  to  Baron  Steuben,  set 
tled  in  Philadelphia,  and  became  eminent 
as  a  lawyer.  He  was  president  of  the 
American  Philosophical  society,  and  his 
Memoir  on  the  Indian  Languages  of  North 
America  attracted  much  attention  among 
scholars.  He  died  in  1844  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

DU  PONT,  HENRY  ALGERNON,  sol 
dier  railroad  president,  was  born  July  30, 
1838,  in  Wilmington,  Del.  He  served 
through  the  civil  war,  and  received  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  In  1879  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Wilmington 
and  Northern  Railroad  company. 

DUPRE,  LUCIUS  GARLAND,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  18,  1868,  in  Opelousas,  La. 
He  has  attained  prominence  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  the  city  of  his  nativity,  where 
he  has  filled  many  public  offices  with 
honor. 

'  DUPUY,  ELIZA  ANN,  author,  was  born 
about  1814  in  Petersburg,  Va.  She  was 
a  sensational  novelist  of  Kentucky,  for 
many  years  a  regular  contributor  of  serial 
stories  to  the  New  York  Ledger.  Among 
them  are  The  Conspirator,  a  story  of 
Aaron  Burr;  The  Huguenot  Exiles;  and 
The  Concealed  Treasure.  She  died  in  Jan 
uary,  1881,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 
21 


DUPUY,  ELIZABETH,  poet,  was  born 
in  1868,  in  Prospect,  Va.  Her  poems  have 
appeared  extensively  in  the  St.  Louis,  Cin 
cinnati,  and  Louisville  journals,  and  in 
several  standard  collections. 

DU  PUY,  -RAYMOND,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1860,  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  In  1895  he  became  president  of  the 
De  Kalb  and  Great  Western  railway. 

DURAND,  ASHER  BROWN,  artist,  was 
born  Aug.  21,  1796,  in  Jefferson,  N.  J.  He 
has  attained  a  national  reputation  as  an 
artist.  Among  his  best  known  works  are 
Notch  of  the  Primeval  Forest,  and  Clove 
in  the  Catskills. 

DURAND,  CYRUS,  engraver,  inventor, 
was  born  Feb.  27,  1787,  in  Jefferson  vil 
lage,  N.  J.  He  invented  a  machine  for 
ruling  straight  and  wave  lines  for  bank 
notes,  and  subsequently  invented  similar 
machines  for  drawing  water-lines  and 
plain  ovals.  He  then  devoted  himself  to 
bank-note  engraving:  was  a  genius  in  that 
art;  and  was  considered  capable  of  work 
ing  in  twenty-two  different  occupations. 
He  died  Sept.  18,  1868,  in  Irvington,  N.  J. 

DURAND,  GEORGE  H.,  lawyer,  mayor, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1838,  in 
Cobleskill,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  alderman 
of  the  city  of  Flint  for  three  consecutive 
terms;  was  elected  mayor  in  1873;  re- 
elected  in  1874,  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

DURAND,  HENRY  SMITH,  underwrit 
er,  banker,  founder,  was  born  Feb.  13, 
1817,  in  Cheshire,  Conn.  In  1856  he  or 
ganized  the  Commercial  bank  of  Racine, 
Wis.,  of  which  he  was  president  for  sev-  . 
eral  years;  was  chosen  president  of  the 
Racine  and  Mississippi  railroad,  which  he 
founded.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  city  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and  did  much 
to  aid  its  development  into  the  second 
largest  city  in  Wisconsin. 

DURANG,  CHARLES,  author,  was  born 
in  1796  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  actor, 
author,  stage  manager,  prompter,  ballet- 
master,  and  finally  opened  a  dancing  acad 
emy.  He  was  the  author  of  a  History  of 
the  Philadelphia  Stage  from  1752  to  1854. 
He  died  Feb.  15,  1870,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DURANT,  CHARLES  S.,  aeronaut,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1805.  He  was  the 
author  of  several  books  of  a  scientific 
character,  one  of  which  was  a  Treatise 
on  Shells  and  Sea-Weeds.  He  died  March 
2,  1873,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

DURANT,  CHARLES  W.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  April  23,  1821,  in 
Hinsdale,  Mass.  In  1859  he  became  in 
terested  in  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and 
Pacific  railroad,  and  was  its  president  for 
many  years.  He  afterward  engaged  in  the 
sugar  refining  business  with  his  sons  un 
der  the  name  of  Charles  W.  Durant  and 
Sons.  He  died  April  5,  1885,  in  New  York 
city. 

DURANT,  HENRY,  college  president, 
was  born  June  17,  1803,  in  Acton,  Mass. 
In  1870  he  founded  and  became  the  first 
president  of  the  university  of  California, 
serving  until  1871.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Oakland,  Cal.,  serving  until  his 
death.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1875,  in  Oakland, 
Cal. 

DURANT,  HENRY  TOWLE,  lawyer, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1822,  in 
Hanover,  N.  H.  He  devoted  his  life  to 
the  cause  of  the  Christian  religion,  and 
was  instrumental  in  providing  a  college 
where  women  could  obtain  superior  edu 
cation.  His  plans  were  put  into  execution 
and  Wellesley  college  resulted.  This  in 
stitution,  built  and  equipped  at  an  ex 
pense  of  $1,000,000,  was  opened  in  Sep 
tember,  1875,  and  has  since  been  main 
tained  at  an  expense  of  $50,000  per  an 
num.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1881,  in  Wellesley, 
Mass. 


DURANT,    HORACE     BLAIR,    soldier, 
physician,  journalist,  prohibitionist,  poet, 
was   born    Dec.   27,    1828,    in   Washington 
county,  Pa.  He  grad 
uated  from  Jefferson 
college     of     Canons- 
burg,    Pa.,    and    for 
several  years  taught 
school.  He  then  prac- 
i        ticed     medicine     for 
about    twenty  years. 
In    1861   he    enlisted 
with  the  first  troops 
from     Pennsylvania, 
serving  for  awhile  in 
the  ranks   as   a  pri 
vate     soldier,     until 
commissioned    fli^     assistant   surgeon   of 
his  regiment.     Dr.  Durant  has  for  many 
years  been  a  pronounced  advocate  of  po 
litical   prohibition,   being   one   of  the   St. 
John  electors  in   1884.     In   1878,   in   con 
junction  with  his  wife,  he  published  the 
first  newspaper  devoted  to  prohibition  in 
Pennsylvania;     and  in  1884  wrote  the  first 
song-book  of  the  prohibition  party.     He 
has  been  editor  and  founder  of  four  papers 
in  Pennsylvania.     The  poems  of  Dr.  Du 
rant    have   attracted    considerable    atten 
tion,  and  have  T>een  given  a  place  in  sev 
eral  standard  works. 

DURANT.  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1817, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  removed  to  New 
Orleans  and  was  elected  state  senator; 
afterward  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  Louisiana,  and  then  be 
came  attorney-general  of  the  state.  He 
died  Feb.  4,  1882,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

DURBIN,  JOHN  PRICE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1800  in  Bourbon  county, 
Ky.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman  noted 
for  his  eloquence,  who  was  missionary 
secretary  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church,  in  1850-72.  He  was  the  author  of 
Observations  in  Europe;  and  Observations 
in  Egypt,  Palestine,  Syria,  and  Asia  Minor. 
He  died  in  1876. 

DURBOROW,  ALLAN  CATHCART, 
merchant,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  10, 
1857,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  After  two  years' 
residence  in  Indianapolis  he  moved  to 
Chicago,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged 
in  business.  He  has  always  been  active 
in  local  politics;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

DURELL,  DANIEL  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1769  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1807  to 
1809;  and  held  the  post  of  United  States 
district  attorney  from  1830  to  1834.  He 
died  in  1841. 

DURELL,  EDWARD  HENRY,  jurist, 
was  born  July  14,  1810,  in  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  United 
States  judge  for  the  district  of  Louisiana. 

DURFEE,  BRADFORD  MATTHEW 
CHALONER,  merchant,  was  born  June 
15,  1843,  in  Fall  River,  Mass.  Durfee  hall, 
one  of  the  finest  college  dormitories  in 
the  United  States,  was  his  gift  to  Yale, 
which  honored  him  with  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  in  1871.  He  died  Sept.  13,  1872,  in 
Fall  River,  Mass. 

DURFEE,  JOB,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1790,  in 
Tiverton,  R.  I.  He  was  for  a  long  time 
chief  justice  of  Rhode  Island,  and  for 
many  years  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  and  speaker  of  the  house.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Rhode  Island  from  1821  to  1825.  He  was 
the  author  of  What  Cheer?  or,  Roger 
Williams  in  Exile;  and  Panidea,  a  philo 
sophical  treatise.  He  died  July  26,  13iv, 
in  Tiverton,  R.  I. 


322 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DURFEE,  NATHANIEL  B.,  agricultur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1812, 
in  Tiverton,  R.  I.  He  represented  the 
town  of  Warwick  several  years  in  the 
state  legislature,  and  the  town  of  Tiver 
ton  four  years.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  thirty-fourth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

DURFEE,  WILLIAM  FRANKLIN,  en 
gineer,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1833,  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass.  In  1853  he  became  an  en 
gineer  and  architect  in  his  native  town, 
and  for  five  years  held  the  appointment 
of  city  surveyor.  He  was  chosen  as  one 
of  the  representatives  of  New  Bedford  in 
the  legislature  of  1861,  and,  as  secretary 
•  of  its  military  committee,  was  active  in 
forwarding  legislation  for  the  equipment 
of  troops  at  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war.  He  equipped  at  Wyandotte,  Mich., 
the  first  analytical  laboratory  built  as  an 
adjunct  to  steel  works  in  the  United 
States. 

DURFEE,  ZOHETH  SHEARMAN,  man 
ufacturer,  inventor,  was  born  April  22, 
1831,  in  Fall  River,  Mass.  In  1866  the 
Pneumatic  Steel  association  was  formed, 
of  which  he  was  elected  secretary  and 
treasurer,  and  remained  its  active  man 
ager  until  1879.  He  has  made  numerous 
inventions  in  machinery  for  the  manufac 
ture  of  steel  industry  than  any  other 
American  of  his  generation.  He  died 
June  8,  1880,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

DURGIN,  MARY  LYLE,  artist,  was 
born  Feb.  3,  1850,  in  Wilmington,  Mass. 
She  studied  art  in  Paris,  France,  where 
her  pictures  were  exhibited  in  the  French 
salons  in  1884  and  1886.  In  1890  she  paint 
ed  four  large  mural  paintings  for  the 
walls  of  the  First  Congregational  church 
of  Detroit,  Mich.  Her  studio  is  in  Boston. 

DURHAM,  JOHN  STEPHENS,  diplo 
mat,  was  born  July  18,  1861,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  editor  of  the  University 
Journal  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  re 
porter  on  the  Philadelphia  Times.  In  1890 
he  was  appointed  United  States  consul  to 
San  Domingo;  and  in  1891  was  United 
States  minister  to  the  republic  of  Hayti. 

DURHAM,  JUDSON  P.,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1853,  in 
Canada.  For  six  years  he  was  a  mission 
ary  on  the  plains;  and  now  fills  a  pastor 
ate  in  Vermontville,  Mich.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  one  published  work,  and  is  a 
constant  contributor  to  current  literature. 

DURHAM,  MILTON  JAMISON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  May  16, 
1824,  in  Mercer  county,  Ky.  He  was  a  cir 
cuit  judge  of  Kentucky  in  1861-62.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  revision  of  laws;  and 
re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress.  In 
1885  he  was  appointed  first  comptroller  of 
the  United  States  treasury. 

DURIVAGE,  FRANCIS  ALEXANDER, 
author,  was  born  in  1814  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  magazinist  of  Boston,  among 
whose  writings  are  The  Fatal  Casket; 
Life  Scenes  from  the  World  Around  Us; 
and  Cyclopedia  of  History.  He  died  in 
1881. 

DURKEE,  CHARLES,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  govern 
or,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1807,  in  Royalton,  Vt. 
He  was  a  merchant;  removed  to  Wiscon 
sin;  and  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
that  state  in  1837  and  1838.  He  was  a 
representative  In  congress  in  1848  and  1850 
from  Wisconsin;  and  was  a  United  States 
senator  for  six  years,  commencing  in  1855. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  peace  congress 
of  1861;  and  in  1865  was  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  Utah.  He  died  Jan.  14,  1870,  in 
Omaha,  Neb. 


DURKEE,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1728  in  Windham,  Conn.  He  distinguished 
himself  at  Bunker  Hill,  and  commanded 
a  regiment  in  the  battles  of  Long  Island, 
Germantown,  Harlem,  White  Plains, 
Trenton,  and  Monmouth,  and  was  in  Gen. 
John  Sullivan's  expedition  against  the 
Six  Nations  in  1779.  He  died  May  29,  1782, 
in  Norwich,  Conn. 

DURKEE,  JOSEPH  HARVEY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  July  16, 
1837,  in  Oneida  county,  N.  Y.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war  and  attained  the  rank  of 
captain.  He  took  up  his  residence  in 
Jacksonville,  and  was  subsequently  elect 
ed  state  senator,  resigning  before  the  close 
of  his  second  term  to  accept  the  position 
of  United  States  marshal,  which  position 
he  held  until  1885,  when  he  resigned  to 
take  that  of  master  in  chancery  in  the 
United  States  courts. 

DUROCHER,  LAURENT,  soldier,  law 
yer,  statesman,  was  born  in  1786  at  St. 
Genevieve  Mission,  Mo.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  first  constitutional  convention 
in  1835;  state  senator  in  1835  and  1836; 
and  representative  in  1839.  He  also  held 
the  offices  of  justice  of  the  peace,  probate 
judge,  circuit  clerk,  and  clerk  of  the  city 
of  Monroe,  where  he  died  Sept.  21,  1861. 

DURRETT,  REUBEN  THOMAS,  law 
yer,  orator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1824, 
in  Henry  county,  Ky.  After  studying  at 
the  Georgetown  col 
lege,  he  graduated  in 
1849  from  the  Brown 
university;  and  at 
the  law  department 
of  the  university  of 
Louisville  a  year 
later.  During  1857- 
59  he  was  editor  and 
part  owner  of  the 
Louisville  Courier. 
During  1850-80  he 
practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Louisville; 
was  founder  of  the  public  library  of  Ken 
tucky;  founder  of  the  Louisville  Abstract 
and  Loan  association;  and  founder  of  the 
Filson  club  of  Louisville.  He  is  president 
of  the  associations  that  he  has  formed, 
and  a  member  of  various  historical  socie- 
t  ies.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Life  and 
Writings  of  John  Filson,  the  first  historian 
of  Kentucky;  and  a  series  of  articles  on 
the  Kentucky  Resolutions  of  1798-99.  He 
has  distinguished  himself  as  a  lawyer, 
speaker,  writer,  and  author;  and  received 
the  degrees  of  A.  B.,  A.  M.,  and  LL.  D. 
from  Brown  university. 

DURRIE,  DANIEL  STEELE,  educator, 
antiquarian,  author,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1819, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1858  he  became  li 
brarian  of  the  State  Historical  society  of 
Wisconsin.  He  has  been  superintendent 
of  public  schools  at  Roxbury,  and  secre 
tary  of  the  Madison  board  of  education. 
Among  his  publications  are  genealogical 
histories  of  the  Steele  and  Holt  families; 
Bibliographica  Genealogica  Americana,  or 
Index  to  American  Pedigrees;  History  of 
Madison,  Wis.,  and  the  Four-Lake  Coun 
try  (with  W.  B.  Davis);  History  of  Mis 
souri;  and  Wisconsin  Biographical  Dic 
tionary. 

DURSTON,  ALFRED  S.,  clergyman, 
was  born  May  1,  1848,  in  England.  He 
has  filled  pastorates  in  Berlin,  Mass.;  and 
at  Borodino  and  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  In  1883 
he  became  general  secretary  of  the  Syra 
cuse  Young  Men's  Christian  association. 

DURTHALLER,  JOSEPH,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1819, 
in  Alsace.  In  1860  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  St.  Francis  Xavier  college,  serving 
until  1863.  He  died  May  3,  1885,  in  New 
York  city. 


DURYEA,  HARMANUS  B.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  July  12,  1815,  in 
Newtown,  N.  Y.  In  1847  he  was  district 
attorney  for  Queens  county,  N.  Y.;  and  in 
1857  was  elected  a  member  of  the  assem 
bly  for  Kings  county.  He  served  in  the 
civil  war  and  organized  the  thirteenth, 
fourteenth  and  twenty-eighth  regiments 
of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

DURYEE,  ABRAM,  soldier,  was  born 
April  29,  1815,  in  New  York  city.  He  ac 
cumulated  a  fortune  as  a  mahogany  mer 
chant  in  New  York. 
He  entered  the  New 
York  state  militia  in 
1833,  and  served  in 
the  one  hundred  and 
forty-second  r  e  g  i- 
ment.  Five  years 
later  he  joined  the 
twenty-seventh  regi- 
ment  (now  the 
seventh)  as  a  pri 
vate,  and  rose  grad 
ually  until  he  be 
came  its  colonel  in 
1849,  holding  that  office  for  fourteen 
years.  During  the  Astor  place  riots  he 
commanded  his  regiment  and  was  twice 
wounded. 

DURYEE,  WILLIAM  RANKIN,  soldier, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  10. 
1838,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  In  1864  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Reformed  church  at  Lafay 
ette,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  He  has  published 
a  premium  tract  for  soldiers,  entitled 
Sentinels  for  the  Soul;  Our  Mission  Work 
Abroad;  Centennial  Discourses  of  the  Re 
formed  Church;  and  critical  essays  and 
poems  in  religious  journals.  His  song 
of  The  Kingdom  of  Home  was  awarded 
a  prize. 

DUSENBERRY,  FRANCES  L.,  publish 
er,  author,  was  born  in  Rochelle,  111.  In 
1887  she  founded,  in  conjunction  with  her 
sister,  Lucy  Ella  Dusenberry,  the  Purdy 
Publishing  company  of  Chicago.  They  at 
tained  success  in  publishing  books  on 
metaphysical  subjects,  securing  the  con 
trol  of  these  books  by  paying  the  au 
thors  a  royalty.  For  several  years  she 
edited  and  published  The  Chicago  Wom 
an's  News;  and  now  publishes  The  Chi 
cago  Vegetarian. 

DUSS,  JOHN  SAMUEL,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1860,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  He  is  the  senior  trustee  of  the  Har 
mony  society  of  Economy,  Pa.,  one  of 
the  most  unique  and  at  one  time  wealthy 
and  picturesque  communistic  organiza 
tions  that  has  ever  existed. 

DUSTIN,  DANIEL,  soldier.  He  served 
during  the  war  as  commander  of  the  sec 
ond  brigade,  third  division  of  the  twen 
tieth  army  corps,  with  distinction.  Dur 
ing  President  Harrison's  term  of  office 
General  Dustin  served  as  assistant  United 
States  treasurer  in  Chicago,  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  1893. 

DUSTIN,  HANNAH,  heroine  of  New 
England,  was  born  about  1655.  She  was 
the  mother  of  thirteen  children.  When 
the  Indians  attacked  Haverhill,  March  15, 
1698,  her  husband,  with  the  children, 
escaped,  and  she,  with  an  infant  and  her 
nurse,  was  captured.  After  proceeding  a 
short  distance,  the  infant  was  killed.  Mrs. 
Duston  was  taken  to  an  island  at  the  junc 
tion  of  the  Merrimack  and  Contoocook 
rivers,  being  assigned  to  an  Indian  family 
of  twelve  persons.  With  the  aid  of  a 
nurse  and  a  boy,  also  a  prisoner,  she 
killed  the  Indians  with  a  hatchet,  all  but 
a  favorite  boy  and  a  wounded  squaw,  who 
escaped,  and  returned  safely  to  Haverhill 
with  their  scalps.  Her  house,  occupied  by 
Thomas  Dustin,  a  descendant,  was  stand 
ing  in  1816. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


323 


DUSTIN,  WILLIAM  G.,  journalist,  was 
born  June  7,  1850,  in  Corinth,  Vt.  He  is 
the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Star  and 
Herald  of  Dwight,  111.;  is  prominent  in 
republican  politics;  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  state  conventions  of  1892  and  1896. 
In  1896  he  was  elected  commander  of  the 
Illinois  division  Sons  of  Veterans;  and 
has  filled  numerous  positions  of  honor  in 
his  county  and  state. 

DUTCHER,  ADDISON  PORTER,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1818,  in 
Durham,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Cleveland;  and  the  author  of  Selections 
from  My  Portfolio,  essays  on  Popular  and 
Scientific  Subjects;  Pulmonary  Tubercu 
losis;  Sparks  from  the  Forge  of  a  Rough 
Thinker;  and  Two  Voyages  to  Europe. 
He  died  Jan.  30,  1884,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

DUTCHER,  JACOB  C.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1820.  He  is  a  Dutch 
reformed  clergyman  of  New  York;  and 
the  author  of  Requisites  of  National 
Greatness;  The  Prodigal  Son;  Our  Fall 
en  Heroes;  The  Old  Home  by  the  River; 
and  Frank  Lyttleton,  or  Winning  His 
Way. 

DUTCHER,  JOHN  BOWDISH,  capital 
ist,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1830,  in 
Dover,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  in  1861  and  1862;  and 
of  the  state  senate  in  1864  and  1865.  He  is 
president  of  the  Union  Stock  Yard  and 
Market  Co.  of  New  York;  president  of 
the  National  bank  of  Pawling;  and  pres 
ident  of  the  village  of  Pawling  and  the 
New  York  State  Agricultural  society. 

DUTCHER,  SILAS  B.,  banker,  was  born 
July  12,  1829,  in  Springfield,  Ohio.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Union 
Dime  Savings  institution  of  New  York; 
and  in  1891  became  president  of  the  Ham 
ilton's.  Trust  company  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BUTTON,  CLARENCE  EDWARD,  sol 
dier,  surveyor,  author,  was  born  May  15, 
1841,  in  Wallingford,  Conn.  He  is  an  of 
ficer  in  the  United  States  army  associ 
ated  with  the  geological  survey.  He  is 
the  author  of  Geology  of  the  High  Pla 
teaus  of  Utah;  Tertiary  History  of  the 
Grand  Canon  District;  Hawaiian  Vol 
canoes;  Mount  Taylor  and  the  Zuni  Pla 
teau;  and  The  Charleston  Earthquake  of 
1886. 

DUTTON,  EVERELL  FLETCHER,  sol 
dier,  banker,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1838,  in 
Charlestown,  N.  H.  During  the  civil  war 
he  served  as  first  lieutenant  and  captain 
of  the  thirteenth  Illinois  volunteers;  was 
major  and  colonel  in  the  one  hundred  and 
fifth  Illinois  infantry;  and  brevet  briga 
dier-general  United  States  volunteers.  He 
is  president  of  the  National  bank  of  Syca 
more,  111. 

DUTTON,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
soldier,  physician,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
18,  1826,  in  Sheldon,  Vt.  He  enlisted  in 
1846  in  an  Ohio  regiment  of  volunteers, 
and  served  during  the  Mexican  war  in  the 
commissary  and  medical  departments. 
Among  his  contributions  to  medical  liter 
ature  is  a  paper  on  Treatment  of  Fracture 
of  the  Femur,  printed  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  California  Medical  society  for  1874. 

DUTTON,  HENRY,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  governor,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  12, 1796,  in  Plymouth,  Conn. 
He  was  attorney  for  the  state,  professor 
of  law  in  Yale  college;  and  served  five 
years  in  the  legislature  and  one  year  in 
the  state  senate.  He  was  elected  governor 
of  Connecticut  in  1854;  from  1861  to  1866 
was  judge  of  the  superior  court,  and  of 
the  supreme  court  of  errors.  He  died 
April  12,  1869,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 


DUTTON,  HENRY  WORTHINGTON, 
journalist,  was  born  April  17,  1796,  in 
Lebanon,  Conn.  For  twenty-five  years 
the  firm  of  Dutton  and  Wentworth  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  had  been  state  printers,  the 
contract  terminating  in  1852.  He  died 
April  15,  1875,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DUTTON,  SAMUEL  WILLIAM  SOUTH- 
MAYD,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
March  14,  1814,  in  Guilford,  Conn.  In  1843 
upon  the  establishment  of  the  New  Eng- 
lander,  he  became  one  of  the  associate 
editors.  He  published  various  addresses, 
and  a  History  of  the  North  Church  dur 
ing  the  Last  Century.  He  died  Jan.  26, 
1866,  in  Milbury,  Mass. 

DUVAL,  GABRIEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1752,  in  Prince 
George  county,  Md.  He  served  as  a  clerk 
to  the  first  legislature  of  Maryland,  before 
the  declaration  of  independence;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1794  to  1796.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1796  and  1800;  comp 
troller  of  the  United  States  treasury  in 
1802;  and  in  1811  was  appointed  a  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States, 
which  office  he  held  for  twenty-five  years. 
He  died  March  6,  1844,  in  Prince  George 
county,  Md. 

DUVAL,  HENRY  REMAN,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1842,.in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  receiver  of  the  Florida 
Railway  Navigation  Co.  from  1885  to  1889 
when  the  property  of  that  company  passed 
to  the  Florida  Central  and  Peninsular  R. 
R.  Co.,  of  which  he  became  president. 

DUVAL,  ISAAC  H.,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1824, 
in  Wellsburg,  Va.  He  entered  the  volun 
teer  army  from  Virginia  in  1861  as  a 
major;  and  was  brevetted  a  major-gen 
eral.  He  subsequently  served  two  years 
in  the  state  senate  of  West  Virginia;  also 
two  years  as  adjutant-general  of  the  state; 
and  in  1868  was  elected  a  representative 
from  West  Virginia  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

DUVAL,  JOHN  POPE,  soldier,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  June  3,  1790,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.  He  served  as  a  first  lieuten 
ant  in  the  war  of  1812;  and  was  pro 
moted  to  captain  in  1814.  He  served  with 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general  in  the 
Texan  service.  He  then  returned  to 
Florida  as  secretary  of  the  territory;  and 
subsequently  published  a  Digest  of  the 
Laws  of  Florida.  He  died  about  1855  in 
Florida. 

DUVAL,  THOMAS  H.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Virginia.  He  emigrated  to  Texas,  and 
settled  at  Austin;  and  in  1857  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  judge  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  Texas. 

DUVAL,  WILLIAM  P.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1784  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1813  to  1815; 
and  in  1822  was  appointed  governor  of 
Florida.  He  served  as  a  captain  of 
mounted  volunteers  in  1812;  and  in  1848 
removed  to  Texas.  He  died  March  19, 
1854,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

DUVALL,  ALVIN,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  March  20,  1813,  in 
Georgetown,  Ky.  In  1850  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Kentucky  legislature; 
two  years  later  was  appointed  circuit 
judge;  and  in  1854  was  elected  judge  of 
the  court  of  appeals.  He  died  Nov.  17, 
1891,  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

DUVENECK,  FRANK,  artist,  was  born 
about  1845  in  Covington,  Ky.  He  sent 
five  portraits  to  the  Boston  Art  club  in 
1875;  and  has  since  attained  high  rank 
as  a  successful  artist. 


DUYCKINCK,  EVERT  AUGUSTUS, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  z3,  1816,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  literary  critic  of 
New  York  city,  who  with  his  brother 
George,  was  the  author  of  an  Encyclo 
paedia  of  American  Literature,  first  issued 
in  1855.  Other  works  by  the  elder  Duyc- 
kinck  are  History  of  the  War  for  the 
Union;  and  Biography  of  Eminent  Men 
and  Women  of  Europe  and  America.  He 
died  in  1878. 

DUYCKINCK,  GEORGE  LONG,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  17,  1823,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  writer  of  New  York  city  who, 
beside  his  share  in  The  Encyclopaedia  of 
American  Literature,  was  the  author  of 
Lives  of  George  Herbert;  Bishop  Ken; 
Jeremy  Taylor;  and  Bishop  Latimer.  He 
died  in  3863. 

DWIGHT,  BENJAMIN  WOODBRIDGE, 
educator,  author,  was  born  April  5,  1816, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  an  educator 
of  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of 
The  Higher  Christian  Education;  Mod 
ern  Philosophy;  Modern  Philology; 
Woman's  Higher  Culture;  The  True  Doc 
trine  of  Divine  Providence;  History  of 
the  Dwight  Family  in  America;  and  His 
tory  of  the  Strong  Family.  He  died  in 
1889. 

DWIGHT,  BENJAMIN  WOOLSEY,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1780,  in 
Northampton,  Mass.  He  was  treasurer 
of  Hamilton  college  in  1831-50.  He  pub 
lished  the  first  article  ever  published  in 
this  country  on  Chronic  Debility  of  the 
Stomach.  He  died  May  18,  1850,  in  Clin 
ton,  N.  Y. 

DWIGHT,  EDMUND,  merchant,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1824,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1871  he  went  abroad  to  super 
intend  the  distribution  of  the  fund  raised 
by  subscription  in  Boston  for  the  relief 
of  the  suffering  caused  in  France  by  the 
war  with  Germany,  and  on  his  return 
he  published  an  interesting  Report  to  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  French  Relief 
Fund. 

DWIGHT,  EDWIN  WELLES,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1789  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  was  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  of  Richmond,  Mass.,  whose  only 
publication  was  a  History  of  Berkshire 
County.  He  died  in  1841. 

DWIGHT,  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  educator, 
journalist,  was  born  March  14,  1808,  in 
Springfield,  Mass.  In  1840  he  established 
in  Albany  The  District  School  Journal, 
under  state  patronage,  which  he  conducted 
until  his  death.  He  was  active  in  de 
vising  and  establishing  the  present  code 
of  public  instruction  in  the  state  of  New 
York.  He  died  Dec.  15,  1845,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

DWIGHT,  HARRISON  GRAY  OTIS, 
missionary,  author,  was  born  in  1803  in 
Massachusetts.  He  was  a  congregational 
missionary  to  Armenia;  and  the  author 
of  Researches  of  Smith  and  Dwight  in 
Armenia;  Christianity  Revived  in  the 
East;  and  Catalogue  of  Armenian  Litera 
ture  in  the  Middle  Ages.  He  was  killed  in 
a  railroad  accident  Jan.  25,  1862. 

DWIGHT,  HENRY  EDWIN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  19,  1797,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  was  an  educator  of 
New  Haven  who  published  Travels  in  the 
North  of  Germany.  He  died  Aug.  11,  1832, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

DWIGHT,  HENRY  OTIS,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1843  in  Turkey.  He  was 
a  federal  officer  during  the  civil  war,  who 
was  a  correspondent  of  the  New  York 
Tribune  from  Constantinople,  1876-79.  He 
is  the  author  of  Turkish  Life  in  War 
Times. 


324 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


DWIGHT,  HENRY  WILLIAMS,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
26,  1788,  in  Stockbridge,  Mass.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  legislature 
In  1818  and  1834;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1821  to  1831.  He  died  Feb.  21, 1845,  in  New 
York. 

DWIGHT,  JEREMIAH  W.,  business 
man,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Cincinnatus,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1860  and  1861;  and  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  national  conven 
tion  of  1868.  He  was  president  of  the 
Dwight  Farm  and  Land  company  of  Da 
kota;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth,  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
republican.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1885. 

DWIGHT,  JOHN  SULLIVAN,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  13,  1813, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  distinguished 
musical  critic  of  Boston,  and  the  editor 
of  Dwight's  Journal  of  Music  in  1852-81. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  History  of  Music 
in  Boston  and  the  poem  God  Save  the 
State.  He  died  in  1893. 

DWIGHT,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1703, 
in  Dedham,  Mass.  He  was  a  distinguished 
jurist  of  Worcester  and  Berkshire  coun 
ties,  Mass.,  during  1733-61.  He  served  at 
the  head  of  a  brigade  of  militia  at  Lake 
Champlain  in  the  second  French  war. 
For  eleven  years  he  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  and  was  speaker 
of  the  house  in  1749.  He  died  June  9, 
1765,  in  Great  Barrington,  Mass. 

DWIGHT,  MARY  ANN,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1806  in  Massachusetts. 
She  was  a  teacher  of  drawing  and  paint 
ing  in  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of 
Grecian  and  Roman  Mythology;  Intro 
duction  to  the  Study  of  Art;  and  Art  as 
a  Branch  of  Education.  She  died  in  De 
cember,  1858,  in  Morrisanla,  N.  Y. 

DWIGHT,  NATHANIEL,  physician, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1770  in 
Massachusetts.  He  was  a  physician  and 
clergyman  of  Rhode  Island  and  Connecti 
cut,  who  published  the  first  school  geog 
raphy  in  America,  and  was  author  also 
of  The  Great  Question  Answered;  and  A 
Compendious  History  of  the  Signers  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  He  died 
in  1831. 

DWIGHT,  SERENO  EDWARDS,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1786  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  and  educator;  and  the 
author  of  Life  of  David  Brainerd;  The 
Hebrew  Wife;  and  Select  Discourses.  He 
edited  the  Works  of  Jonathan  Edwards. 
He  died  Nov.  30,  1850,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DWIGHT,  SUSAN  EDWARDS,  author, 
was  born  in  1788.  She  aided  her  husband 
in  preparing  the  works  of  Jonathan  Ed 
wards;  and  published  an  Abridgment  of 
the  Memoirs  of  Mrs.  Susan  Huntington. 
She  died  in  1851  in  Boston,  Mass. 

DWIGHT,  THEODORE,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  state  senator,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1764,  in  Northamp 
ton,  Mass.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was 
a  state  senator  in  Connecticut;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Con 
necticut  during  the  years  1806  and  1807. 
In  1815  he  established  the  Albany  Daily 
Advertiser;  and  in  1817  founded  the  New 
York  Daily  Advertiser,  which  he  con 
ducted  with  signal  ability  until  1836,  when 
he  removed  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  re 
tired  from  active  life.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  American  Bible  society; 
and  wrote  a  Life  of  Thomas  Jefferson;  A 
Dictionary  of  Roots  and  Derivations;  and 
A  History  of  the  Hartford  Convention. 
He  died  June  11,  1846,  in  New  York. 


DWIGHT,  THEODORE,  author,  was 
born  March  3,  1796,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He 
was  a  New  York  litterateur  whose  varied 
writings  include  Tour  in  Italy;  New  Gazet 
teer  of  the  United  States;  History  of  Con 
necticut;  Summer  Tour  of  New  England; 
The  Northern  Traveler;  The  Roman  Re 
public  of  1849;  The  Kansas  War;  Life  of 
Garibaldi;  The  Father's  Book;  First  Les 
sons  in  Modern  Greek;  and  School  Dic 
tionary  of  Roots  and  Derivatives.  He  died 
Oct.  16,  1866,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

DWIGHT,  THEODORE  WILLIAM,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
July  18,  1822,  in  Catskill,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
jurist  of  note  who  was  professor  of 
municipal  law  in  Columbia  college;  and 
the  author  of  Argument  in  the  Rose  Will 
Case;  Trial  by  Impeachment;  and  Pris 
ons  and  Reformatories.  He  died  June  28, 
1892,  in  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

DWIGHT,  THOMAS,  educator,  state 
senator,  congressman.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1794 
and  1795;  a  state  senator  from  1796  to 
1803  and  in  1813;  a  member  of  the  execu 
tive  council  in  1808  and  1809;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1803  to  1805.  He  died  in 
1819. 

DWIGHT,  THOMAS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1843,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  a  physician  of  Boston,  and  successor 
to  O.  W.  Holmes  as  professor  of  anatomy 
in  the  Harvard  Medical  school.  He  is  the 
author  of  Anatomy  of  the  Head;  and  The 
Intracranial  Circulation. 

DWIGHT,  TIMOTHY,  educator,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
May  14,  1752,  in  Northampton,  Mass.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  who  was 
a  very  prominent  figure  in  the  early  his 
tory  of  the  republic,  and  as  president  of 
Yale  college,  1795-1817,  of  great  influence 
as  an  educator  as  well.  His  most  im 
portant  work  is  Theology  Explained  and 
Defended  in  a  Course  of  One  Hundred  and 
Seventy-three  Sermons,  which  has  gone 
into  more  than  one  hundred  editions. 
Other  prose  works  are  Genuineness  and 
Authenticity  of  the  Old  Testament;  Ob 
servations  on  Language;  Essay  on  Light; 
Travels  in  New  England  and  New  York, 
which  still  furnishes  entertaining  reading. 
His  writings  in  verse  include  The  Con 
quest  of  Canaan,  a  very  ponderous  epic; 
Greenfield  Hill,  a  pastoral;  and  The  Tri 
umph  of  Infidelity,  a  satire.  He  died  Jan. 

11,  1817,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
DWIGHT,   TIMOTHY,    clergyman,   col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  in   1822 
in   Connecticut.     He   is  a  congregational 
clergyman,   president   of   Yale   university 
from  1886,  and  one  of  the  members  of  the 
New  Testament  Revision  company.    He  is 
the  author  of  The  True  Ideal  of  an  Amer 
ican  University. 

DWIGHT,  WILLIAM  BUCK,  scientist, 
was  born  May  22,  1833,  in  Turkey.  He  is 
a  scientist  who  has  been  curator  of  Vassar 
College  museum  for  many  years. 

DWINELL,  JUSTIN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly 
in  1821  and  1822;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1823 
to  1825. 

DWYER,  EDWARD  A.,  was  born  May 

12,  1858,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.    He  is  prom 
inent  in  railroad  unions,  and  was  presi 
dent   of   the   local   union   of  the   Switch 
men's   Mutual   Aid   association   of   North 
America  in  1894. 

DWYER,  JEREMIAH,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1837,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
In  1871  Mr.  Dwyer  and  others  organized 
the  well-known  Michigan  Stove  company, 
of  which  he  is  president.  He  is  also  a 
director  of  the  People's  Savings  bank  of 


Detroit;  and  vice-president  of  Buck  Stove 
and  Range  company. 

DYATT,  HUGH,  miner,  legislator,  was 
born  July  19,  1850,  in  County  Antrim, 
Province  Ulster,  Ireland.  He  is  of  Scotch 
and  Irish  descent; 
attended  the  country 
schools;  and  was 
reared  in  the  presby- 
terian  belief.  His 
early  days  were 
spent  in  agricultural 
pursuits;  and  in 
1877  moved  to  Colo- 
rado,  where  he  has 
since  been  principal- 
ly  engaged  in  min- 
ing.  In  1892  he  was 
elected  a  member  of 
the  ninth  general  assembly  of  the  state  of 
Colorado,  receiving  the  unanimous  nom 
ination  of  both  republican  and  populist 
conventions.  He  is  a  man  of  strong  con 
victions,  and  takes  advanced  ground  in  all 
public  matters;  and  is  interested  in  every 
thing  pertaining  to  the  public  welfare  of 
state.  He  has  been  successful  in  his 
mining  operations  and  owns  extensive 
mining  property  near  Leadville,  Colo. 
He  was  the  organizer  of  the  Merchants 
State  bank  of  Almena.and  is  its  vice-presi 
dent.  In  1898  he  was  a  candidate  for  the 
Colorado  state  senate. 

DYCKMAN,  JACOB,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1788  in  New  York.  He  was 
a  physician  of  New  York  city  who  was 
the  author  of  Pathology  of  Human  Fluids 
He  died  in  1822. 

DYE,  WILLIAM  McENTYRE,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1831,  in  Wash 
ington,  Pa.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  in  3865.  He  served  in  the  army 
until  1879;  when  he  entered  the  civil  ser 
vice  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Moslem  Egypt  and  Christian  Abys 
sinia,  or  Military  Service  under  the  Khe 
dive. 

DYER,  ALEXANDER  BRYDIE,  soldier, 
was  born  Jan.  10,  1815,  in  Richmond,  Va. 
In  1837  he  graduated  from  West  Point; 
and  for  the  following  ten  years  performed 
garrison  and  ordnance  in  different  parts 
of  the  country.  For  his  services  during  the 
Mexican  war  he  was  brevetted  first  lieu 
tenant  and  captain.  In  1864  he  was  pro 
moted  to  be  chief  of  ordnance,  with  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  And  in  1865 
he  was  brevetted  major-general  for  faith 
ful,  meritorious  and  distinguished  ser 
vices.  He  held  the  position  of  chief  of 
ordnance  until  his  death,  and  during  his, 
incumbency  he  increased  in  many  ways 
the  efficiency  of  the  service.  He  died 
May  20,  1874,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

DYER,  MRS.  CATHERINE  CORNELIA 
(JOY),  author,  was  born  in  Ludlowville, 
N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of  Henry  and 
the  Bird's  Nest;  Sunny  Days  Abroad; 
Brief  History  of  the  Joy  Family;  and 
Records  of  the  Dyer  Family. 

DYER,  CHARLES  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Oct.  5,  1824,  in  Cicero,  N.  Y.  In 
1859  he  was  elected  city  attorney  of  Ra 
cine,  Wis.;-  and  was  re-elected  in  1860. 
In  1866  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1867.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  eastern  dis 
trict  of  Wisconsin. 

DYER,  CHARLES  VOLNEY,  abolition 
ist,  was  born  June  12,  1808,  in  Clarendon, 
Vt.  He  removed  in  1835  to  Chicago,  and 
soon  became  acting  surgeon  in  Fort  Dear 
born.  He  was  successful  in  his  practice 
and  business  adventures,  retiring  from  the 
former  in  1854,  and  becoming  agent  for 
the  underground  railroad  in  Chicago.  He 
died  April  24,  1878,  in  Lake  View,  111. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


325 


DYER,  DAVID  PATTERSON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  12,  1838,  in  Henry  county,  Va.  He 
moved  to  Missouri,  and  was  elected  a  dis 
trict  prosecuting  attorney  in  1860;  and 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  in 
1862  and  1865.  He  had  command  of  the 
forty-ninth  Missouri  volunteers  during 
a  part  of  the  rebellion.  He  was  elected 
secretary  of  the  state  senate  in  1866;  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Chicago  convention  of 
1868;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

DYER,  ELIPHALET,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1721,  in 
Windham,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative 
to  the  general  court;  and  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  a  Connecticut  regi 
ment  during  the  French  war  in  1755.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  council  in 
1762;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  stamp 
act  congress  of  1765.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  in  1774,  and 
held  a  seat  in  that  body  during  the  war, 
excepting  1779.  He  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  in  1766;  was  chief 
justice  from  1789  to  1793.  He  died  May  13, 
1807,  in  Windham,  Conn. 

DYER,  ELISHA,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Rhode  Island  for  two  years, 
beginning  with  1857. 

DYER,  HEMAN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1810,  in  Shaftsbury,  Vt. 
He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Voice  of  the  Lord 
upon  the  Waters;  and  Records  of  an  Ac 
tive  Life,  an  autobiography. 

DYER,  JOHN  J.,  jurist.  He  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  Iowa;  and  prior  to  the 
year  1850  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  the  three  districts  of  Iowa. 

DYER,  OLIVER,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  April  26,  1824,  in  Porter,  N.  Y.  He 
became  an  expert  in  phonography,  and 
went  to  Washington  in  1848  as  a  reporter 
in  the  United  States  senate.  In  1871  he 
was  engaged  to  write  exclusively  for  the 
New  York  Ledger.  He  was  ordained  a 
minister  in  1876,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
New  Church  society  in  Mount  Vernon,  N. 
Y.  He  is  the  author  of  the  Wickedest 
Man  in  New  York;  and  Great  Senators. 

DYER,  SIDNEY,  clergyman,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1814,  in  Cam 
bridge,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman 
of  Philadelphia,  well  known  as  a  song 
writer.  He  is  the  author  of  Voices  of 
Nature  and  Thoughts  in  Rhyme;  Psalm 
ist  for  Use  of  Baptist  Churches;  Songs 
and  Ballads;  The  Drunkard's  Child;  Ruth, 
a  Cantata;  Black  Diamonds;  Home  and 
Abroad;  Hoofs  and  Claws;  Ocean  Gar 
dens  and  Palaces;  Elmdale  Lyceum;  and 
The  Beautiful  Ladder,  or  the  Two  Stu 
dents. 

EADES,  HARVEY  L.,  founder,  author, 
was  born  in  1806,  in  Logan  county,  Ky. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  and  a  leader 
of  the  Shaker  society  of  Kentucky.  He 
was  also  the  author  of  a  number  of  re 
ligious  and  metaphysical  books  and 
pamphlets. 

EADS,  JAMES  BUCHANAN,  was  born 
May  23,  1820,  in  Lawrenceburg,  Ind.  He 
was  a  civil  engineer  of  distinction  and  the 
designer  of  the  Mississippi  jetties.  He 
was  the  author  of  System  of  Naval  De 
fence;  Mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  thf;  Jetty 
System  Explained;  and  Discussion  on  Up 
right  Bridges.  He  died  March  8,  1887,  in 
the  Bahama  Islands. 

EAGAN,  DENNIS,  soldier,  legislator 
was  born  Feb.  4,  1844,  in  Ireland.  He 
served  as  a  soldier  during  the  civil  war. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  state  senate 
of  Florida  for  two  terms,  and  for  many 
years  was  United  States  commissioner 
under  several  administrations. 


EAGER,  DeWITT,  merchant,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  April  20,  1850,  in  Sang- 
ersfleld,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  mer 
chant  of  Beaver 
Crossing,  Neb.;  and 
in  1897  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Ne 
braska  state  legisla 
ture.  He  has  trav 
eled  extensive  ly 
throughout  the  west 
and  Alaska.  In  the 
Nebraska  state  legis 
lature  he  takes  a 
prominent  part  in 
all  debates,  and 
serves  on  the  most 
important  committees. 

EAGER,  S.  W.,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1829  to  1831. 

EAGLE,  HENRY,  naval  officer,  was 
born  April  7,  1801,  in  New  York  city.  In 
1818  he  entered  the  navy  as  midshipman; 
was  promoted  commodore.  He  died  Nov. 
26,  1882. 

EAGLE,  JAMES  P.,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  Aug.  10,  1837,  in  Tennessee.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war  and  attained  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  represent 
ed  Lonoke  county  in  the  legislature  of 
1877  and  1885;  and  in  1888  was  elected 
governor  of  Arkansas. 

EAKINS,  THOMAS,  painter,  sculptor, 
was  born  July  25,  1844,  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.  He  has  been  director  of  schools  of 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts;  lec 
turer  on  artistic  anatomy  at  the  National 
Academy  of  Design;  Art  Students'  league 
of  New  York;  and  the  Cooper  institute. 
Among  his  noted  pictures  are  A  Lady 
Singing;  The  Chess  Players;  and  Mend 
ing  the  Net. 

EAMES,  BENJAMIN  T.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  4,  1818,  in  Tud- 
iiam,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  in  1854,  1855,  1856,  1859,  and 
1863;  and  of  the  legislature  in  1859,  1868, 
and  1869,  serving  the  last  year  as  speaker. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  at 
Chicago  in  1860;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-second,  forty-third,  forty-fourth,  and 
forty-fifth  congresses,  and  declined  a  re 
election. 

EAMES,  EMMA,  prima  donna,  was  born 
in  China.  She  made  her  debut  in  Gou 
nod's  Romeo  and  Juliet  in  Paris,  and  dur 
ing  her  engagement  there  she  was  deco 
rated  by  the  president  of  the  French  re 
public  with  the  decoration  of  officer  of 
the  academy. 

EAMES,  MRS.  JANE  ANTHONY,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1816,  in  Welling 
ton,  Mass.  She  was  a  writer  of  Concord, 
'N.  H.;  and  the  author  of  A  Budget  of 
Letters;  The  Budget  Closed;  My  Moth 
er's  Jewel;  The  Christmas  Gift;  and  Let 
ters  from  Bermuda. 

EARL,  ADAMS,  railroad  builder,  was 
born  in  1820,  in  Fairfield  county,  Ohio. 
In  1870  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  and  Chi 
cago  Railroad  com- 
I  pany  was  organized, 
1  to  construct  and 
j  operate  a  railroad 
I  from  Lafayette  to 
'  Kankakee,  111.,  con- 
!  necting  at  the  latter 
1  place  with  the  Illi- 
i  nois  Central  railroad, 
land  thus  forming 
I  the  connecting  link 
j  in  the  through  line 
from  Cincinnati  to 
Chicago.  This  road 
was  built  and  owned  by  Adams  Earl, 
Moses  Fowler,  and  Gustavus  Ricker;  Mr. 
Earl  being  president,  general  manager, 
and  builder. 


EARL,  NATHANIEL  CHURCHILL, 
clergyman,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1832,  in 
Canada.  He  graduated  from  the  Meadville 
Theological  school,  and  for  thirty  years 
has  been  a  successful  clergyman  in  Mich 
igan,  Indiana  and  Wisconsin,  in  the  Uni- 
versalist  and  Unitarian  churches. 

EARLE,  MRS.  ALICE  MORSE,  author, 
was  born  in  1851,  in  Massachusetts.  She 
is  a  writer  on  American  antiquarian 
themes;  and  the  author  of  Curious  Pun 
ishments  of  Bygone  Days;  Margaret  Win- 
throp,  a  biography;  Costume  of  Colonial 
Times;  Customs  and  Fashions  in  Old  New 
England;  The  Sabbath  in  Puritan  New 
England;  China-Collecting  in  America; 
Colonial  Dames  and  Goodwives;  and  Co 
lonial  Days  in  Old  New  York. 

EARLE,  ELIAS,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Frederick  county,  Va.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  South  Caro 
lina  from  1805  to  1807,  from  1811  to  1815, 
and  again  from  1817  to  1821. 

EARLE,  JOHN  B.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1803  to  1805. 

EARLE,  JOSEPH  HAYNSWORTH, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  April  30,  1847,  in  Green 
ville,  S.  C.  For  six  years  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  South  Carolina  state  leg 
islature;  and  for  two  years  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate.  During  1886-90 
he  served  with  distinction  as  attorney- 
general  of  South  Carolina;  and  in  1890  he 
ran  for  governor  against  B.  R.  Tillman. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  circuit  judge;  and 
in  1896  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  as  a  democrat.  He  took  his  seat 
March  4,  1897,  for  term  expiring  in  1903. 

EARLE,  JULIUS  RICHARD,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1863,  in  An 
derson  county,  S.  C.  He  entered  into  the 
practice  of  law,  and  as  editor  of  various 
newspapers.  He  has  served  as  a  member 
of  the  general  assembly  of  the  state  of 
South  Carolina, 

EARLE,  PARKER,  horticulturist,  was 
born  in  1831,  in  Mt.  Holly,  Vt.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Illinois  state  horti 
cultural  society,  and  is  now  president  of 
the  Mississippi  Valley  and  the  American 
horticultural  societies. 

EARLE,  PLINY,  inventor,  was  born 
Dec.  17,  1762,  in  Leicester,  Mass.  He  in 
vented  a  machine  for  pricking  twilled 
cards  for  carding  cotton  and  wool,  by 
which  the  labor  of  a  man  for  fifteen  hours 
could  be  performed  in  as  many  minutes. 
This  machine  was  in  general  use  for 
years,  until  it  was  superseded  by  the 
machine  that  both  pricks  the  letter  and 
sets  the  teeth.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1832,  in 
Leicester,  Mass. 

EARLE,  PLINY,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  31,  1809,  in  Leicester,  Mass. 
He  was  the  author  of  Marathon  and  Other 
Poems;  Institutions  for  the  Insane  in 
Prussia,  Germany,  and  Austria;  Visits  to 
Thirteen  Insane  Asylums  in  Europe;  The 
Curability  of  Insanity;  Blood-Letting  in 
Disorders;  The  Earle  Family;  and  Ralph 
Earle  and  his  Descendants.  He  died  Nov. 
19,  1892,  in  Leicester,  Mass. 

EARLE,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1795  to  1797. 

EARLE,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  philanthro 
pist,  journalist,  author,  was  born  April  21, 
1796,  in  Leicester,  Mass.  He  was  a  law 
yer  and  philanthropist  of  Philadelphia; 
and  the  author  of  Essay  on  Penal  Law; 
Right  of  States  to  Alter  and  Annul  their 
Charters;  Railroads  and  Internal  Com 
munications  (1830);  and  Life  of  Benjamin 
Lundy.  He  died  July  14,  1849,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 


326 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


EARLL,  JONAS,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1786.  He  was  at  one  time  a  senator 
in  the  New  York  legislature:  and  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  that  state  from 
1827  to  1831.  He  was  a  canal  commission 
er  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  died  in 
October,  1846,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

EARLL,  NEHEMIAH  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1839  to  1841. 

EARLY,  CHARLES,  real  estate  oper 
ator,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1851,  in  Lynch- 
burg,  Va.  In  1883  he  came  to  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.,  and  became  a  real  estate  oper 
ator.  He  has  originated  and  promoted 
several  land  syndicates,  and  those  en 
gaged  with  him  have  substantial  proof 
of  his  foresight  and  good  sense. 

EARLY,  JOHN,  bishop,  was  born  Jan. 
1,  1786,  in  Bedford  county,  Va.  Though 
sixty-nine  years  of  age,  he  was  elected 
bishop  in  1854.  and  served  his  church  with 
great  zeal  and  fidelity  for  nineteen  years. 
He  died  Nov.  5,  1873,  in  Lynchburg,  Va. 

EARLY,  JOHN,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  in  1814,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  appointed  president  of  Worcester 
college,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  sev 
eral  years.  Subsequently  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  presidency  of  Georgetown 
college.  He  died  in  1874,  in  Georgetown, 
D.  C. 

EARLY,  JUBAL  ANDERSON,  general, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1816,  in  Frank 
lin  county,  Va.  He  was  a  distinguished 
general  in  the  confederate  army  who  set 
tled  in  New  Orleans  after  the  close  of  the 
civil  war.  He  was  the  author  of  Memoir 
of  the  Last  Year  of  the  War  for  Inde 
pendence  in  the  Confederate  States;  Cam 
paigns  of  General  Lee;  and  Jackson's 
Campaign  against  Pope.  He  died  in  1894. 

EARLY,  LEWIS  JOHNSON,  educator, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1865, 
in  Ohio  county,  Ky.  He  commenced  life 
as  a  teacher  in  Hawesville,  Ky.;  and  sub 
sequently  was  instructor  of  elocution  in 
the  West  Kentucky  college.  He  is  the 
editor  and  proprietor  of  The  Telephone 
of  Cannelton,  Ind.;  and  is  also  the  au 
thor  of  a  book  of  selections  entitled  The 
Elocutionist's  Favorite. 

EARLY,  PETER,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  June  20, 
1773,  in  Madison  county,  Va.  He  served 
in  the  United  States  house  of  represen 
tatives  from  Georgia  from  1802  to  1807. 
On  his  return  to  Georgia  he  was  made  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state; 
in  1813  was  elected  governor;  and  was 
subsequently  a  state  senator.  He  died 
Aug.  15,  1817,  in  Greene  county,  Ga. 

EASON,  JAMES  HENRY,  educator, 
clergyman,  editor,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1866, 
in  Sumterville,  Ala.  He  attended  the  Sel- 
ma  university,  and  the  Richmond  Theo 
logical  seminary,  Virginia,  from  which 
institution  he  received  the  degree  of  B.  D. 
in  1890.  He  was  principal  of  the  Auburn 
academy,  Alabama;  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  society 
of  New  York  city;  and  professor  of 
mathematics  and  metaphysics  in  Selma 
university.  He  reads  Greek  and  Hebrew 
fluently,  and  has  made  some  original  in 
vestigations  in  ancient  history;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  work  on  that  subject  entitled 
The  March  of  Civilization.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  clergyman,  and  the  editor  of  The 
Baptist  Leader. 

EAST,  THOMAS  SADLER,  business 
man,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1879.  He  gradu 
ated  from  the  Military  academy  of  Clin 
ton,  La.,  in  which  city  he  is  successfully 
engaged  in  business. 


EASTBURN,    GEORGE,   educator,    was 
born  Nov.  25,  1838.  in  Bucks  county,  Pa. 
In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  eleventh  regi 
ment      Pennsylvania 
7   volunteer      infantry, 
and        subsequently 
i          left  the  military  ser 
vice    on    account    of 
sickness.     In  1868  he 
fc  .  ;    graduated  from  Yale 

i    college,  with  the  de- 
I    gree   of   B.   A.;     and 
[    the    same     year 
^•^    fiiundcd    an    English 
I   and    classical    school 
9^B  ^B^H  on    Broad    street, 

Philadelphia,    known 

as  The  Eastburn  academy,  which  he  has 
since  conducted  with  great  success.  He 
was  offered  the  vice-presidency  of  Girard 
college.  He  has  lectured  extensively  on 
the  metric  system,  and  other  subjects.  In 
1871  Yale  college  gave  him  the  degree  of 
M.  A.;  and  in  1890  the  degree  of  Ph.  D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Princeton  col 
lege. 

EASTBURN,  JAMES  WALLIS,  clergy 
man,  'author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  26, 
1797,  in  London,  England.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  wrote  the  hymn  O  Holy,  Holy, 
Holy  Lord!  and  was  a  contributor  to 
various  periodicals.  He  published,  in 
conjunction  with  Robert  C.  Sands,  Yam- 
oyden,  a  romantic  poem,  founded  on  the 
history  of  King  Philip,  the  sachem  of  the 
Wampanoags.  He  died  at  sea  Dec.  2, 
1819. 

EASTBURN,  MANTON,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1801,  in  England.  He 
was  the  fourth  protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Massachusetts.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Lectures  on  Hebrew,  Latin,  and 
Greek  Poetry;  Lectures  on  the  Epistles  to 
the  Philippians;  and  Essays  and  Disser 
tations  on  Biblical  Literature.  He  died 
Sept.  11,  1872,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

EASTERBROOK,  EXPERIENCE,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  April  30,  1813, 
in  Lebanon,  N.  H.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  that  formed  the  constitu 
tion  of  Wisconsin;  served  also  in  the  leg 
islature,  and  was  attorney  general  of  the 
state.  In  1854  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  for  the  territory 
of  Nebraska,  which  office  he  held  until 
1859,  when  he  was  elected  a  delegate  from 
Nebraska  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

EASTLAND,  MRS.  CLARA  F.,  poet,  was 
born  June  16,  1835,  in  Rutland,  Vt.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

EASTMAN,  ALVAH,  legislator,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1858,  in  Lovell, 
Maine.  In  1889  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Minnesota  legislature;  and  during 
1890-93  was  United  States  revenue  agent. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Daily 
and  Weekly  Journal  of  St.  Cloud;  and 
president  of  the  Minnesota  Editorial  as 
sociation. 

EASTMAN,  BENJAMIN  C.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Wisconsin  from  1851  to  1855. 
He  died  Feb.  5,  1856,  in  Platteville,  Wis. 

EASTMAN,  CHARLES  GAMAGE,  poet, 
was  born  June  1,  1816,  in  Frysburg,  Maine. 
He  was  a  poet  of  Montpelier,  Vt.,  who 
published  in  1848  a  volume  of  Poems,  de 
scriptive  of  rural  life  in  New  England. 
He  died  in  1861  in  Burlington,  Vt. 

EASTMAN,  CHARLES  ROCHESTER, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  in  1868  in  In 
diana.  He  is  a  scientist  of  Cambridge,  an 
assistant  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative 
Zoology.  He  edited  and  translated  from 
the  German  of  Karl  von  Zittel  a  Text- 
Book  of  Palaeontology. 


EASTMAN,  DAVID  WALLACE,  legis 
lator,  financier,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1839, 
in  Republic,  Ohio.  He  received  a  thorough 
education  and  taught 
school  until  gradua 
tion  in  Battle  Creek. 
Mich.  He  enlisted 
in  1861  and  served 
with  distinction  in 
fifteen  battles  and 
skirmishes.  He  re- 
enlisted  in  1864,  and 
resigned  the  follow 
ing  year.  He  served 
in  the  second  regi 
ment  Missouri  caval 
ry  (Merrill's  Horse); 
was  sergeant  of  company  H,  and  rapidly 
promoted  to  sergeant-major,  first  lieuten 
ant,  and  adjutant  of  his  regiment.  In 
1871  he  moved  to  Kansas,  and  since  that 
time  has  resided  in  Emporia,  where  he 
has  attained  success  in  the  real  estate 
business,  as  a  financier,  and  in  public  af 
fairs.  He  has  been  assistant  postmaster; 
a  member  of  the  board  of  education; 
treasurer  of  his  county  twice;  mayor  of 
Emporia;  cashier  of  the  Citizens'  bank; 
and  in  1893  was  a  member  of  the  famous 
Kansas  house  of  representatives,  and  did 
some  important  work  for  the  cause  of 
good  government.  In  1894  he  was  a  can 
didate  for  state  treasurer  before  the  re 
publican  convention,  and  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state.  He  is  now  secre 
tary  and  treasurer  of  the  Building  and 
Loan  association  of  Emporia,  Kas. 

EASTMAN,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  in  April,  1837,  in  Harrison, 
Maine.     He  is  a  successful  lawyer;    and 
represented  his  city  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1876. 

EASTMAN,  MRS.  ELAINE  GOODALE, 
educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  9. 
1863,  in  Berkshire  county,  Mass.  She  be 
came  a  teacher  at  various  Indian  schools, 
and  in  1891  married  Dr.  Charles  East 
man,  a  Sioux  Indian.  She  is  now  su 
pervisor  of  schools  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.  She 
is  the  author  of  Journal  of  a  Farmer's 
Daughter;  The  Coming  of  the  Birds;  and 
a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Apple  Blos 
soms. 

EASTMAN,  GEORGE,  inventor,  was 
born  July  12,  1854,  in  Waterville,  N.  Y.  As 
an  amateur  photographer  and  experiment 
er  during  this  period  he  perfected  a  pro 
cess  for  making  dry  plates,  and  in  1881 
began  to  manufacture  dry  plates  on  a 
small  scale.  The  Eastman  Dry  Plate  com 
pany  now  employs  700  people,  and  has  a 
branch  factory  in  Harrow,  England.  The 
Kodak  was  the  greatest  hit,  and  the  East 
man  Kodak  company,  formed  to  produce 
it,  capital  $5,000,000,  is  sending  its  goods 
all  over  the  world. 

EASTMAN,  HARVEY  GRIDLEY,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1832,  in  Marshall, 
N.  Y.  He  opened  a  commercial  school  in 
St.  Louis  in  1855,  and  four  years  later  the 
Eastman  National  Business  college  at 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  In  1871,  and  again 
in  1873,  Mr.  Eastman  was  elected  to  the 
New  York  assembly,  and  he  also  served 
three  terms  as  mayor  of  Poughkeepsie. 
He  died  July  13,  1878,  in  Denver,  Colo. 

EASTMAN,  IRA  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  served  in  the  state  legisla 
ture,  and  was  speaker  of  the  house  from 
1837  to  1839;  and  was  at  one  time  sec 
retary  of  the  state  senate.  He  was  regis 
ter  of  probate;  from  1844  to  1859  was  a 
judge  of  the  circuit  and  the  supreme 
courts;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  Hampshire  from 
1839  to  1843. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


327 


EASTMAN,  JOHN  ROBIE,  astronomer, 
was  born  July  29,  1836,  in  Andover,  N.  H. 
In  February,  1865,  he  was  appointed  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  in  the  United  States 
navy,  with  the  relative  rank  of  comman 
der,  and  assigned  to  astronomical  work 
in  the  United  States  observatory  in  Wash 
ington.  He  has  accompanied  various 
astronomical  expeditions  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  in  1870  was  sent  to 
Syracuse,  Sicily,  to  observe  the  total 
eclipse  of  the  sun  that  took  place  on  Dec. 
22  of  that  year. 

EASTMAN,  JULIA  ARABELLA,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  July  17,  1837,  in 
Fulton,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  Massachusetts 
teacher  who  has  written  a  number  of  ju 
venile  tales,  among  which  are  Short  Com 
ings  and  Long  Goings;  Young  Rick;  and 
Kitty  Kent's  Trouble. 

EASTMAN,  MACARTHUR  EASTMAN, 
capitalist,  was  born  June  8,  1810,  in  Gil- 
manton.  He  introduced  the  patent  spin 
ning  jenny  into  England;  sold  patent  of 
breech-loading  cannon  to  British  govern 
ment  in  1856;  and  contracted  for  fire 
arms  to  the  United  States  and  other  gov 
ernments.  He  planned  the  direct  ocean 
cable,  laid  in  1874.  He  died  Sept.  3,  1877, 
in  Manchester,  N.  H. 

EASTMAN,  MRS.  MARY  HENDER 
SON,  author,  was  born  in  1818  in  Warren- 
ton,  Va.  She  is  the  author  of  Romance 
of  Indian  Life;  Dacotah,  or  Life  and  Leg 
ends  of  the  Sioux;  American  Aboriginal 
Portfolio;  Chicora  and  other  Regions  of 
the  Conquerors  and  the  Conquered;  Tales 
of  Fashionable  Life;  and  Aunt  Phillis's 
Cabin,  a  reply  to  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin. 

EASTMAN,  NEHEMIAH,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1785  in  Strafford 
county,  N.  H.  He  settled  at  Farmington, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  senator  in  the  state  leg 
islature  from  1820  to  1825;  and  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1825  to  1827.  He  died  Jan.  11, 
1850. 

EASTMAN,  ORNAN,  clergyman,  was 
born  March  27,  1796,  in  Amherst,  Mass. 
He  entered  the  service  of  the  American 
Tract  society  in  Boston  in  1825-28.  In  the 
latter  year  he  was  transferred  to  New 
York,  first  as  general  agent  for  the  Mis 
sissippi  valley,  and  from  1832  as  finance 
secretary,  which  office  he  continued  to 
fill  till  he  retired  in  1870.  He  died  April 
24,  1874,  in  New  York  city. 

EASTMAN,  PHILIP,  jurist,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  5,  1789,  in  Chatham,  N.  H.  He 
served  as  a  commissioner  to  locate  claims 
of  settlers  on  the  northeastern  boundary 
of  Maine.  He  published  General  Statutes 
of  Maine  in  1840,  and  Digest  of  the  First 
Twenty-Six  Volumes  of  Maine  Law  Re 
ports  in  1849.  He  died  Aug.  7,  1869,  in 
Saco,  Mainei 

EASTMAN,  SANFORD,  physician,  was 
born  in  1821  in  Lodi,  N.  Y.  He  began 
to  practice  in  Buffalo,  and  was  in  1858 
appointed  to  the  professorship  of  anatomy 
in  the  university,  to  which  was  added  in 
1867  that  of  clinical  surgery,  which  posi 
tion  he  resigned  in  1870.  He  died  Jan. 
8,  1874,  in  Riverside,  Cal. 

EASTMAN,  SETH,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  24,  1808,  in  Brunswick,  Maine. 
He  was  an  officer  in  the  United  States 
army  stationed  at  Fort  Snelling  and  other 
places  on  the  western  frontier;  after 
wards  a  lieutenant-colonel  and  brevet 
brigadier-general.  He  was  the  author  of 
History,  Condition  and  Future  Prospects 
of  the  Indians  of  the  United  States;  and 
Topographical  Drawing.  He  died  Aug.  31, 
1875,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


EASTON,  CARROLL  F.,  banker,  was 
born  Aug.  31,  1857,  in  Lowville,  N.  Y. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  schools 
of  West  Martinsburg,  N.  Y.,  and  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  a  successful  ban 
ker.  For  many  years  he  lived  in  Minne 
sota,  and  is  now  a  prominent  banker  of 
Aberdeen,  S.  D.,  and  general  financial 
agent  of  the  western  department  of  the 
Fidelity  and  Deposit  company  of  Mary 
land. 

EASTON,  JOHN,  governor.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Rhode  Island  in  1690-95,  and 
wrote  a  Narrative  of  the  Causes  which  led 
to  Philip's  Indian  War  of  1675-76. 

EASTON,  NICHOLAS,  governor  of 
Rhode  Island,  was  born  in  1593  in 
Rhode  Island.  He  was  governor  of  the 
united  colonies  of  Rhode  Island  and  Prov 
idence  in  1650-52.  He  died  Aug.  15,  1675, 
in  Newport,  R.  I. 

EASTON,  RUFUS,  jurist,  congressman. 
He  was  appointed  United  States  judge  for 
the  territory  of  Louisiana  in  1805;  and 
was  elected  a  delegate  to  congress  from 
Missouri  territory  from  1814  to  1816. 

EATON,  AMOS,  scientist,  author,  was 
born  May  17,  1776,  in  Chatham,  N.  Y.  H° 
was  a  prominent  scientist  whose  writings 
include  Index  to  Geology  of  the  Northern 
States;  Natural  History  of  New  York; 
Geological  Survey  of  the  Erie  Canal  Dis 
trict;  Philosophical  Instructor;  and  Man 
ual  of  Botany  of  North  America.  He  died 
May  6,  1842,  in  Chatham,  N.  Y. 

EATON,  AMOS  BEEBE,  soldier,  was 
born  May  12,  1806,  in  Catskill,  N.  Y.  He 
was  brevetted  major-general  in  1865,  and 
was  placed  on  the  retired  list  in  1874.  He 
died  Feb.  21,  1877,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

EATON,  ARTHUR  WENTWORTH 
HAMILTON,  clergyman,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  10,  1849,  in  Nova  Scotia. 
He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  and  instruc 
tor  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Heart  of  the  Creeds,  a  notable 
contribution  to  Broad  church  literature; 
Acadian  Legends  and  Lyrics;  Letter-Writ 
ing,  its  Ethics  and  Etiquette;  The  Church 
of  England  in  Nova  Scotia;  and  Tales  of 
a  Garrison  Town. 

EATON,  ASA,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  July  25,  1778,  in  Plaistow.  He  was 
rector  of  Trinity  church,  Bridgewater, 
Mass.;  and  wrote  History  of  Christ 
Church,  Boston.  He  died  March  24,  1858, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

EATON,  BENJAMIN  H.,  farmer,  man 
ufacturer,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  15, 
1833,  in  West  Bedford,  Ohio.  He  served 
as  justice  of  the  peace,  county  commis 
sioner,  and  as  representative  and  sena 
tor  in  the  territorial  legislature;  and  in 
1884  was  elected  governor  of  the  state  of 
Colorado. 

EATON,  CHARLES  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1852,  in 
Beverly,  Mass.  He  attended  Dean  acad 
emy,  Tufts'  college,  and  Tufts'  Divinity 
school.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  uni- 
versalist  clergyman,  and  has  filled  pastor 
ates  in  St.  Paul's  church  of  Palmer,  Mass.; 
and  in  the  Church  of  the  Divine  Paternity 
of  New  York  city.  He  has  written  ex 
tensively  on  reform  and  social  economics. 

EATON,  CYRUS,  educator,  author,  po 
et,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1784,  in  Framing- 
ham,  Mass.  He  was  an  educator  of  Maine 
who  was  totally  blind  for  the  last  thirty 
years  of  his  life;  and  for  five  years  was 
a  representative  in  the  Massachusetts  leg 
islature.  He  was  the  author  of  Annals 
of  Warren,  Maine;  Woman,  a  poem;  and 
History  of  Thomaston,  Maine.  He  died 
Jan.  21,  1875,  in  Warren,  Maine. 


EATON,  DANIEL  CADY,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1834,  in  Fort 
Gratiot,  Mich.  He  was  a  professor  of  bot 
any  at  Yale  university;  and  the  author  of 
The  Ferns  of  North  America;  and  Ferns 
of  the  Southwest.  He  died  in  1895. 

EATON,  DANIEL  CADY,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  16,  1837,  in  Johns 
town,  N.  Y.^  He  was  a  professor  of  the 
history  of  art  at  Yale  university  in  1869- 
76;  and  the  author  of  Handbook  of  Greek 
and  Roman  Sculpture. 

EATON,  DORMAN  BRIDGMAN,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  June  27,  1823,  in  Hard- 
wick,  Vt.  He  is  a  jurist  of  New  York 
city,  prominent  in  civil  service  reform, 
who  has  published  Civil  Service  in  Great 
Britain,  and  edited  the  seventh  edition  of 
Kent's  Commentaries. 

EATON,  EDWARD  DWIGHT,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Jan.  12,  1851,  in  Lancaster,  Wis.  This 
eminent  clergyman  and  educator  has  filled 
pastorates  in  the  congregational  church 
at  Newton,  Iowa,  and  at  Oak  Park,  111.; 
and  in  1886  became  president  of  the  Be- 
loit  college,  Wis. 

EATON,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born  • 
July  3,  1804,  in  Henderson,  Pa.  He  wan 
president  of  Madison  university  from  1850 
till  1861,  and  at  the  same  time  professor 
of  systematic  theology.  From  1861  to  1871 
he  was  president  of  Hamilton  Theological 
seminary  and  professor  of  homiletics.  He 
died  Aug.  3,  1872,  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

EATON.  HORACE,  educator,  governor, 
was  born  June  22,  1804,  in  Barnard,  Vt. 
He  was  for  some  years  a  member  of  the 
legislature;  lieutenant-governor  from  1843 
to  1846;  superintendent  of  public  schools 
from  1845  to  1850;  governor  of  the  state 
from  1846  to  1849;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  constitutional  convention  in  1848.  He 
died  July  4,  1855,  in  Middlebury. 

EATON,  ISAAC,  educator,  was  born  in 
1724,  in  Montgomery,  Pa.  He  was  for 
twenty-six  years  pastor  of  the  baptist 
church  in  Hopewell,  N.  J.,  and  was  the 
first  teacher  among  American  baptists  to 
open  a  school  for  the  education  of  young 
men  for  the  ministry.  He  died  July  4, 
1772. 

EATON,  JAMES  R.,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1834,  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.  In  the  spring  of  1869  he  became 
professor  of  natural  science  in  William 
Jewell  college,  Liberty,  Mo.  He  died 
March  20,  1897,  in  Cairo,  Egypt,  while  on 
a  trip  to  the  Holy  Land. 

EATON,  JOHN,  educator,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1829,  in  Button, 
N.  H.  He  was  commissioned  a  colonel  in 
the  volunteer  service,  and  brevetted  a 
general.  He  established  and  edited  the 
Daily  Post  at  Memphis,  Tenn. ;  and  in 
1870  was  appointed  United  States  commis 
sioner  of  education. 

EATON,  JOHN  HENRY,  was  born  in 
1790  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Tennessee  from  1818  to 
1829;  and  was  secretary  of  war  under 
President  Jackson  from  1829  to  1831.  From 
1834  to  1836  was  governor  of  the  territory 
of  Florida;  and  from  1836  to  1840  was 
minister  plenipotentiary  to  Spain.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  Life  of  Andrew  Jack 
son.  He  died  Nov.  17,  1856,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

EATON,  JOSEPH  ORIEL,  artist,  was 
born  Feb.  8,  1829,  in  Licking  county,  Ohio. 
He  was  an  effective  genre  and  portrait 
painter,  both  in  oil  and  water  colors.  The 
works  that  he  exhibited  at  the  National 
academy  are  Landscape  View  on  the  Hud 
son;  and  Moral  Instruction.  He  died  Feb. 
7,  1875,  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 


328 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


EATON,  LEWIS,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1823  to  1825. 

EATON,  NATHANIEL,  educator,  was 
born  about  1609,  in  England.  He  was  the 
first  master  of  the  school  afterward  called 
Harvard  college.  He  died  in  1660,  in  Eng 
land. 

EATON,  SAMUEL  JOHN  MILLS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  15,  1820, 
in  Fairview,  Pa.  During  1848-82  he  was 
pastor  of  a  church  in  Franklin,  Pa.;  held 
the  office  of  stated  clerk  of  the  presby 
tery  of  Erie  since  1853,  and  has  held  high 
positions  in  his  church.  In  1871  he  visit 
ed  Egypt,  Palestine,  Greece  and  Turkey. 
He  was  the  author  of  History  of  the  Pres 
bytery  of  Erie;  Lakeside;  Jerusalem;  Pal 
estine;  and  other  works. 

EATON,  SHERBURNE  BLAKE,  law 
yer,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1840,  in  Lowell, 
Mass.  In  1884  he  was  made  general  coun 
sel  and  president  of  the  Edison  Electric 
Light  company  of  New  York  city. 

EATON,  THEOPHILUS,  first  governor 
of  New  Haven  colony,  was  born  about 
1591  in  England.  In  1643  he  was  chosen 
the  first  governor  of  the  New  Haven  col 
ony.  He  died  June  7,  1658,  in  Columbia, 

5.  C. 

EATON,  THOMAS  TREADWELL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1845, 
in  Murfreesborough,  Tenn.  He  is  a 
baptist  minister  of  Louisville;  and  the 
author  of  My  Angels;  Talks  to  Children; 
Marriage  and  Law;  and  Talks  on  Getting 
Married. 

EATON,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  diplomat, 
was  born  Feb.  23,  1764,  in  Woodstock, 
Conn.  In  1797  he  was  appointed  consul 
to  Tunis,  and  arrived  there  in  March,  1799. 
He  died  June  1,  1811,  in  Brimfield,  Mass. 

EATON,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  October, 
1816,  in  Tolland,  Conn.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
of  Connecticut  in  1847,  1848,  1853,  1863, 
1868,  1870,  1871,  1873,  and  1874;  and  was 
elected  speaker  in  1853  and  1873.  He  was 
elected  state  senator  in  1850;  in  1874  was 
elected  United  States  senator  for  the  term 
er-Mng  in  1881;  and  in  1882  was  elected  a 
rt,resentative  from  Connecticut  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

EATON,  WYATT,  artist,  was  born  May 

6,  1849,  in  Canada.    He  studied  art  in  New 
York  Academy  of  Design;    and  in  Paris, 
France.     In  1878  he  painted  portraits  of 
the  poets  Bryant,  Whittier,     Longfellow, 
Emerson  and  Holmes;  a  portrait  of  Pres 
ident  Garfield  for  the  Union  League  club; 
and  a  portrait  of  Bishop  Horatio  Potter, 
and  of  other  eminent  men.     He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Society  of  Ameri 
can  Artists,  of  which  he  has  been  pres 
ident. 

EBAUGH,  ZACHARIAH  CORNELIUS, 
educator,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1854,  in 
Houcksville,  Md.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  Maryland, 
the  Reisterstown  High  school,  and  the 
Normal  classes  in  Illinois.  He  ha?  been 
principal  of  various  schools  in  Mary 
land,  and  is  now  principal  and  professor 
of  mathematics  in  the  Franklin  High 
school  of  Reisterstown,  Md.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  state  board  of  education  of 
Maryland. 

EBERHARD,  ERNST  G.,  musician, 
was  born  May  30,  1839,  in  Germany.  In 
1857  he  emigrated  to  America,  and  has 
become  one  of  the  finest  orchestral  con 
ductors  of  the  age.  During  1859-63  he 
was  organist  of  St.  Ann's  church  of 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  during  1864-76  was  or 
ganist  of  St.  Paul's  church  of  New  York 


city;  and  in  1874  he  founded  the  grand 
conservatory  of  music,  of  which  he  is  still 
the  president.  He  is  the  author  of  many 
musical  works;  among  them  the  course 
of  studies  for  the  piano  in  twelve  books; 
and  also  a  method  in  two  books;  and 
many  miscellaneous  works.  His  lectures 
on  the  science  and  history  of  music,  com 
menced  in  1894,  have  become  very  pop 
ular  in  the  east. 

EBERHART,  GILBERT  L.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  poet,  was  born  in 
Beaver  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at 
.^_^^^_____  Mercer  academy  and 
Washington  college. 
He  served  four  years 
in  the  union  army 
during  the  war,  a 
part  of  that  time  be 
ing  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  George  G. 
Meade.  Since  enter 
ing  upon  the  practice 
of  law  he  has  always 
been  active  in  public 
affairs;  has  served  as 
county  superinten 
dent  of  the  public  schools;  two  terms  as 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  twice  mayor  of  New  Brighton; 
and  in  1891  was  elected  a  delegate  to  a 
proposed  convention  for  the  revision  of 
the  state  constitution.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Bars  of  Beaver,  Lawrence,  Mer 
cer  and  Butler  counties,  and  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Pennsylvania.  He  has 
been  strongly  urged  to  stand  for  nomina 
tion  to  the  bench  in  the  thirty-sixth  ju 
dicial  district.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  meritorious  poems. 

EBERLE,  JOHN,  physician,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1787,  in  Lancaster  county, 
Pa.  He  was  a  noted  physician  of  Phila 
delphia,  and  later  of  Cincinnati;  and  the 
author  of  Botanical  Terminology;  Dis 
eases  and  Physical  Education  of  Children; 
Therapeutics  and  Materia  Medica;  and 
Notes  on  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medi 
cine.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1838,  in  Lexington, 
Ky. 

EBERSOLE,  EZRA  C.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  18, 
1840,  in  Mt.  Pleasant,  Pa.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics;  and  became  pres 
ident  of  the  Western  college,  Iowa.  For 
several  years  he  was  supreme  court  re 
porter  of  Iowa;  and  has  practiced  law 
since  1870  with  success,  principally  in  To 
ledo,  Iowa. 

ECCLESON,  SAMUEL,  Roman  catholic 
archbishop,  was  born  in  1801  in  Mary 
land.  He  successively  filled  the  offices 
of  vice-president  and  president  of  St. 
Mary's  college.  In  1834  he  was  con 
secrated  coadjutor  archbishop  of  Balti 
more,  and  succeeded  Archbishop  Whit- 
field  in  the  same  year.  He  died  in  1851  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C. 

ECKARD,  JAMES  READ,  missionary, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1805,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian  mis 
sionary  to  India;  and  the  author  of 
Faith  and  Justification;  The  Hindoo  Trav 
eler;  and  Outline  of  English  Law  from 
Blackstone.  He  died  in  1887. 

ECKER,  JOHN  EMIL,  musician,  author, 
was  born  April  i4,  1853,  in  Austria.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  concert  overture  for  a 
full  orchestra,  and  other  compositions. 

ECKERT,  GEORGE  N.,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1847  to  1849,  after  which  he  was 
appointed  director  of  the  United  States 
mint  from  1851  to  1853.  He  died  in  July, 
1865,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


ECKFELDT,  JACOB  REESE,  assayer, 
was  born  March,  1803,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  early  entered  the  United  States 
mint,  where  his  father  was  chief  coiner, 
and  by  his  capabilities  rapidly  rose  until 
he  was  made  chief  assayer.  He  died  Aug. 
9,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ECKFORD,  HENRY,  naval  architect, 
was  born  March  12,  1775,  in  Scotland.  In 
the  second  war  with  Great  Britain,  1812- 
15,  he  was  employed  by  the  government 
to  construct  ships  of  war  on  the  lakes, 
and  filled  the  contract  with  expedition  and 
skill.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1832.  in  Constan 
tinople. 

ECKLES,  DELANE  R.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Kentucky.  He  removed  to  Indiana  and 
was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Utah. 

ECKLES,  JOHN  BROOKS,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1868.  in  Pleas 
ant  Grove,  Miss.  He  is  a  son  of  a  Vir 
ginia  family.  In  1889  he  graduated  from 
the  university  of  Mississippi,  with  the  de 
gree  of  LL.  B.  In  1892  he  was  elected  for 
four  years  and  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  Mississippi  house  of  rep 
resentatives,  but  resigned  Nov.  1,  1894, 
to  accept  the  appointment  of  superinten 
dent  of  education  for  Panola  county. 
Miss.,  receiving  the  reappointment  in  1896 
for  four  years.  He  is  also  a  successful 
lawyer,  and  operates  planting  interests. 

ECKLEY,  EPHRAIM  R.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  9,  1812,  in  Jefferson  county,  Ohio.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  senate  in  1843, 
1845  and  1849,  serving  until  1851;  and  in 
1853  was  elected  to  the  state  house  of  rep 
resentatives.  During  the  rebellion  he 
was  a  colonel,  and  at  the  battle  of  Corinth 
commanded  a  brigade.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

EDDY,  ANSEL  DOANE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1798,  in  Will- 
iamstown,  Mass.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  New  York  who  published 
the  Christian  Citizen;  Duties.  Dangers 
and  Securities  of  Youth.  He  died  Feb. 
7,  1875,  in  Lansingburg,  N.  Y. 

EDDY,  CLARENCE,  organist,  author, 
was  born  in  1851.  He  is  an  organist  of 
Chicago;  and  the  author  of  The  Church 
and  Concert  Organist;  and  The  Organ  in 
Church. 

EDDY,  DANIEL  CLARK,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  21,  1823,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Bos 
ton,  and  subsequently  of  Brooklyn,  who 
wrote  extensively,  some  of  his  books  hav 
ing  been  very  popular.  Among  them  are 
The  Percy  Family,  and  Walter's  Tour  in 
the  East,  two  series  of  volumes  for  young 
readers;  Young  Man's  Friend;  Young 
Woman's  Friend;  The  Burman  Apostle,  a 
Life  of  Judson;  Roger  Williams  and  the 
Baptists;  The  Unitarian  Apostasy;  Eu- 
ropa,  or  Scenes  in  the  Old  World;  Wait 
ing  at  the  Cross;  and  Angel  Whispers. 

EDDY,  EBENEZER  J.  FOSTER,  sol 
dier,  scientist,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1847,  in 
Moretown,  Vt.  He  has  held  various  posi 
tions  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic; 
and  has  been  president  of  the  National 
Christian  Scientists'  association. 

EDDY,  EDWARD,  actor,  was  born  in 
1821  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  came  to  New 
York  in  1851,  and  was  successively  man 
ager  of  the  Metropolitan  theater,  Bur 
ton's  Chambers  street  theater,  the  Old 
Bowery,  and  the  old  Broadway  theater. 
He  died  Dec.  19,  1875,  in  Jamaica. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


329 


EDDY,  FRANK  M.,  educator,  business 
man,  congressman,  was  born  April  1,  1856, 
in  Pleasant  Grove,  Minn.  He  was  elected 
clerk  of  the  district  court  of  Pope  county, 
and  he  has  held  this  position,  also  that 
of  court  reporter  of  the  sixteenth  judi 
cial  district,  continuously  ever  since.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty- 
fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

EDDY,  HENRY  CLARENCE,  musician, 
was  born  June  23,  1851,  in  Greenfield, 
Mass.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  mu 
sician  of  Chicago,  111. 

EDDY,  HENRY  TURNER,  educator, 
mathematician,  author,  was  born  June  9, 
1844,  in  Stoughton,  Mass.  He  is  a  mathe 
matician,  and  since  1874  a  professor  in 
the  university  of  Cincinnati;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Analytical  Geometry;  Researches 
in  Graphical  Statics;  Thermodynamics; 
and  Maximum  Stress  under  Concen 
trated  Loads. 

EDDY,  JOHN  H.,  geographer,  was 
born  in  1782.  He  published  a  circular  map 
of  the  country  for  thirty  miles  around 
New  York  in  1814;  a  map  of  the  western 
part  of  New  York;  a  map  to  illustrate  the 
communication  between  Lake  Erie  and 
the  Hudson;  and  a  map  of  the  state  of 
New  York;  and  was  engaged  on  a  gen 
eral  atlas  of  America  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  died  Dec.  22,  1817. 

EDDY,  MRS.  MARY  BAKER  GLOVER, 
author.  She  is  a  resident  of  Concord, 
N.  H.,  widely  known  as  the  founder  of 
the  sect  of  Christian 
Scientists.  Besides 
Christian  Science; 
Science  and  Health, 
she  has  published  a 
number  of  pamphlets 
on  the  general  sub 
ject  of  Christian 
Science.  She  has  lec- 
t  u  r  e  d  extensively 
throughout  the 
United  States  on 
Christian  Science; 
and  has  also  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  publica 
tions  on  that  subject. 

EDDY,  NORMAN,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1810,  in  Scipio,  N.  Y.  He  re 
moved  to  Indiana;  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1853  to  1855.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1872,  in 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 

EDDY,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  21,  1828,  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  He  is  a  universalist  clergyman  of 
Melrose,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Univer- 
salism  in  America;  History  of  the  Six 
tieth  New  York  Regiment;  and  The  Mar 
tyr  to  Liberty. 

EDDY,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  31,  1769,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  in  1798  he  was  chosen 
secretary  of  state  and  held  the  office  for 
twenty-one  years,  when  he  resigned.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  his  native  state  from  1819  to  1825; 
and  was  subsequently  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Rhode  Island  for  eight 
years.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1839,  in  Providence, 
R.  I. 

EDDY,  THOMAS,  philanthropist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1758,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  philanthropist  whose 
efforts  were  chiefly  in  the  direction  of 
prison  reform,  and  was  the  author  of 
The  State  Prisons  of  New  York.  He  died 
Sept.  16,  1827,  in  New  York  city. 

EDDY,  THOMAS  MEARS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1823,  in  New- 
town,  Ohio.  He  was  a  methodist  minis 
ter  of  Chicago,  who  published  Patriotism 
of  Illinois,  a  history  of  that  state  during 
the  civil  war.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1874,  in 
New  York  city. 


EDDY,  ZACHARY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1815,  in  Stockbridge,  Vt. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  minister  of  Augus 
ta,  Ga.;  and  the  author  of  Immanuel,  or 
the  Life  of  Christ;  Hymns  of  the  Church; 
and  Songs  of  the  Church.  He  died  in  1891. 

EDEN,  CHARLES,  governor,  was  born 
in  1674.  He  was  governor  of  North  Caro 
lina  from  1713  to  1722.  He  died  March 
26,  1722,  in  North  Carolina. 

EDEN,  JOHN  R.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1826.  in  Bath  county, 
Ky.  In  1856  he  was  appointed  state  at 
torney  for  the  seventh  district,  which  of 
fice  he  held  four  years.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty- 
fifth  and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  dem 
ocrat. 

EDEN,  ROBERT,  governor,  was  born  in 
England.  In  1768  he  became  governor  of 
Maryland;  advised  the  repeal  of  the  tax 
on  tea;  and  when  the  colonel  of  militia 
demanded  the  arms  and  ammunition,  he 
readily  gave  them  up.  He  died  Sept.  2, 
1786,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 

EDES,  BENJAMIN,  journalist,  was 
born  Oct.  14,  1732,  in  Charlestown,  Mass. 
In  1755  he  was  the  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Boston  Gazette  and  Country  Jour 
nal,  a  patriotic  newspaper  that  exerted  a 
powerful  influence  before  the  revolution 
and  during  that  struggle.  He  was  one  of 
the  Sons  of  Liberty.  In  his  house  the  pat 
riots  comprising  the  Boston  tea  party  as 
sembled  on  the  afternoon  of  Dec.  16,  1773, 
and  drank  punch  from  a  bowl  that  was 
subsequently  given  by  Mr.  Edes's  family 
to  the  Massachusetts  Historical  society, 
afterward  disguising  themselves  as  In 
dians  in  the  Gazette  office.  During  the 
siege  of  Boston,  Mr.  Edes  escaped  to  Wat- 
ertown,  where  he  continued  the  publica 
tion  of  the  Gazette.  After  forty-three 
years  of  editorship  he  discontinued  it  in 
1798.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1803,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

EDES,  HENRY  HERBERT,  genealogist 
and  historian,  was  born  March  29,  1849, 
in  Charlestown,  Mass.  Since  1892  he  has 
been  director  and  treasurer  of  the  Con 
veyancers'  Title  Insurance  company  of 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  the  founder  of 
the  Colonial  society  of  Massachusetts.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  Genealogy  of  the  Edes 
Family;  Charlestown  Historic  Points;  and 
Memorial  of  Josiah  Barker. 

EDES,  RICHARD  SULLIVAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  24,  1810,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  published  a  memoir 
of  Peter  Edes  in  the  New  England  His 
torical  and  Genealogical  Register;  Jour 
nal  and  Letters  relative  to  Two  Journeys 
to  the  Ohio  Country  in  1788  and  1789  made 
by  Col.  John  May,  with  a  biographical 
sketch,  and  assisted  in  the  preparation  of 
A  Genealogy  of  the  Descendants  of  John 
May.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1877,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

EDES,  ROBERT  THAXTER,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1838,  in  East- 
port,  Maine.  He  is  a  physician  of  Wash 
ington;  and  the  author  of  Nature  and 
Time  in  the  Cure  of  Diseases;  Physiology 
and  Pathology  of  the  Sympathetic  or 
Ganglionic  Nervous  System;  Therapeuti 
cal  Handbook  of  United  States  Pharma 
copoeia;  and  Text-Book  of  Therapeutics 
and  Materia  Medica. 

EDGAR,  CORNELIUS  HENRY,  clergy- 
gan,  author,  was  born  April  11,  1811,  in 
Rahway,  N.  J.  He  was  a  Dutch  reformed 
clergyman  of  Easton,  Pa.;  and  the  author 
of  Lectures  on  Slavery;  Discourses  on  the 
Death  of  Lincoln;  Curse  of  Canaan  Right 
ly  Interpreted;  and  Exposition  of  the 
Nine  Last  Wars  (1867).  He  died  Dec.  23, 
1884,  in  Easton,  Pa. 


EDGAR,  JOHN  TODD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  13,  1792,  in  Sussex 
county.  Del.  He  became  pastor  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  church  in  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  in  1833,  and  remained  there  till  his 
death.  At  one  time  he  edited  the  Ameri 
can  Presbyterian,  published  at  Nashville. 
He  died  Nov.  13,  1860,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

EDGECOMB,  WILLARD  W.,  diplomat. 
He  was  a  citizen  of  Maine,  and  while  hold 
ing  the  position  of  consul  at  Cape  Town, 
Africa,  was  empowered  to  negotiate  a 
treaty  of  friendship  and  commerce  with 
the  Orange  Free  State,  in  1871. 

EDGERTON,  A.  J.,  soldier,  jurist,  Unit 
ed  States  senator,  was  born  June  7,  1827, 
in  Rome,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  from  the 

Wesleyan   university 

of  Ohio.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served 
nearly  five  years  in 
the  union  army;  and 
was  promoted  to  col- 
•-Jm  „  onel  and  brevetted 
brigadier-general  of 
the  United  States 
volunteers.  He  was 
senator  from  Minne 
sota  in  1881;  chief 
justice  of  Dakota; 
president  of  the  con 
stitutional  convention,  which  adopted  the 
constitution  of  South  Dakota;  was  United 
States  district  judge  of  South  Dakota; 
and  became  chief  justice.  He  died  in  1896. 

EDGERTON,  ALFRED  P..  journalist, 
statesman,  was  born  Jan.  11.  1813,  in 
Plattsburgh,  N.  Y.  In  1845  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  of  Ohio;  and  in  1848 
was  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  democratic 
national  convention.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
thirty-second  congress;  and  in  1852  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-third  congress.  In 
1885  he  was  appointed  United  States  civil 
service  commissioner,  and  became  the 
president  of  the  commission. 

EDGERTON,. JAMES  ARTHUR,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1869,  in 
Plantsville,  Ohio.  For  several  years  he 
was  managing  edi 
tor  of  the  Evening 
Herald  of  Kalama- 
zoo,  Mich.;  then  be 
came  connected  with 
The  Register  of  Mar 
ietta;  and  subse 
quently  moved  to 
Lincoln,  Neb.,  where 
he  is  the  editor  and 
owner  of  the  Ne 
braska  Independent. 
He  is  prominent  in 
political  affairs;  has 
been  chairman  of  the  people's  party  state 
committee  of  Nebraska;  and  secretary  of 
the  people's  party  national  committee.  He 
is  the  author  of  two  volumes  of  poems, 
and  has  contributed  extensively  to  the 
periodical  press,  principally  on  reform 
matters. 

EDGERTON,  JESSE,  business  man, 
poet,  was  born  July  12,  1845,  in  Barnes- 
ville,  Ohio.  He  is  the  secretary  of  the 
Columbiana  Handle  company  of  Columbi- 
ana,  Ohio;  and  is  the  author  of  a  number 
of  poems. 

EDGERTON,  JOSEPH  KETCHUM,  law 
yer,  railroad  president,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  16,  1818,  in  Vorgennes,  Vt.  In 
1855  he  was  president  of  the  Fort  Wayne 
and  Chicago  Railroad  company,  and  sub 
sequently  financial  agent  of  the  same 
when  consolidated  with  the  Pittsburg 
road.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Indiana  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress. 


330 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


EDGERTON,  SIDNEY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1818 
in  Cazenovia,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  prosecut 
ing  attorney  for  four  years  in  Summit 
county.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress.  He  was  appointed  a  judge  for  the 
territory  of  Idaho,  and  subsequently  gov 
ernor  of  Montana. 

EDGREN,  AUGUST  HJALMAR,  sol 
dier,  educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  18, 
1840,  in  Sweden.  He  is  a  Swedish  scholar 
who  came  to  the  United  States  in  1862, 
and  served  for  a  time  in  the  federal  army, 
and  afterwards  in  the  Swedish  army. 
Since  1884  he  has  been  professor  of  lan 
guages  in  the  university  of  Nebraska.  He 
is  the  author  of  Complete  Sanskrit  Gram 
mar;  German  and  English  Dictionary 
(with  William  D.  Whitney);  The  Liter 
ature  of  America  (in  Swedish) ;  Public 
Schools  and  Colleges  of  the  United  States; 
Swedish  Literature  in  America;  and 
American  Antiquities. 

EDHOLM,  MARY  G.  CHARLTON,  jour 
nalist,  evangelist,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
28,  18*4,  in  Freeport,  111.  For  several 
years  she  was  a  re 
porter  on  the  Oak 
land  and  San  Fran 
cisco  papers.  She 
had  previously  trav 
eled  extensively  and 
done  special  work 
for  the  papers  of 
eastern  cities;  and 
also  for  a  number  of 
magazines.  For  years 
she  was  the  press  su 
perintendent  of  the 
World's  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  union,  and  is  now 
superintendent  of  the  Florence  Critten- 
ten  missions,  and  author  of  Traffic  in 
Girls,  and  Florence  Crittenten  Missions. 
She  has  lectured  extensively  on  Social 
Purity;  is  a  most  zealous  and  enthusi 
astic  worker,  and  has  dedicated  her  life  to 
the  great  cause. 

EDICK,  SAMUEL  STEARNS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  June  17,  1834,  in  Colum 
bia,  N.  Y.  In  1855  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  in  1864  moved  to  Coopers- 
town,  N.  Y.  The  following  year  he  was 
elected  district  attorney  of  Otsego  county, 
and  received  the  re-election  in  1868.  In 
1871  he  was  elected  county  judge,  served 
a  term  of  six  years,  and  refused  the  re- 
nomination. 

EDIE,  JOHN  R.,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  thirty-fourth  and  thir 
ty-fifth  congresses  from  that  state. 

EDISON,  THOMAS  ALVA,  inventor, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1847,  in  Erie  county, 
Ohio.  He  started  life  as  a  train  boy  at 
the  age  of  twelve.  While  on  the  train  he 
published  a  weekly  paper,  which  was  the 
first  paper  ever  published  on  a  train.  One 
day  he  grabbed  the  station-master's  child 
from  in  front  of  an  approaching  train. 
The  station-master  was  so  pleased  that 
he  taught  young  Edison  how  to  tele 
graph.  He  then  became  a  telegraph 
operator,  and  invented  a  system  by  which 
he  could  send  two  or  more  messages  over 
the  same  wire  at  the  same  time.  His 
principal  inventions  are  the  telephone, 
phonograph  and  electric  light.  He  is 
now  perfecting  a  system  of  taking  iron 
out  of  solid  rock  by  electricity. 

EDMANDS,  J.  WILEY,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1853  to  1855. 


EDMOND,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  28, 
1755,  in  South  Britain,  Conn.  He  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  legislature;  mem 
ber  of  the  council;  and  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  that  state.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  Connecticut 
from  1798  to  1801.  He  died  Aug.  1,  1838, 
in  Newton,  Conn. 

EDMONDS,  ELIAS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1833,  in  Lan 
caster  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  lieutenant 
in  the  fortieth  Virginia  regiment,  army  of 
northern  Virginia:  and  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Virginia  state  legislature  in 
1864-65. 

EDMONDS,  EVERETT  E.,  farmer,  edu 
cator,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1848. 
in  Kansas.  At  the  age  of  twenty-six 
years  he  was  elected  to  the  Washington 
state  legislature.  He  has  taught  school 
for  many  years,  and  is  a  farmer. 

EDMONDS,  JOHN  CARTER,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1848,  in  Fauquier  coun 
ty,  Va.  In  1870  he  graduated  from  the 
Virginia  Military  institute.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  service  with  Mosby's  army 
as  a  private,  and  was  wounded  at  Drains- 
ville,  Va.,  in  February.  1864.  The  ball 
lodged  in  the  thigh  bone,  and  was  not  ex 
tracted  until  1895.  In  1874  he  moved  to 
Texas,  where  he  has  attained  success  as 
a  lawyer  at  Sherman,  Texas.  He  has  been 
chairman  of  the  faculty  of  Austin  college; 
and  has  served  his  city  as  mayor  for  two 
terms. 

EDMONDS,  JOHN  WORTH,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  author,  was  born  March 
13,  1799,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  in  1831;  and 
of  the  senate  from  1832  to  1836.  He  was 
circuit  judge  from  1845  to  1847; 
judge  of  the  superior  court  from  1847  to 
1852;  and  a  member  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals  in  1852  and  1853.  He  became  an  ad 
vocate  of  Spiritualism  in  1853  and  pub 
lished  Spiritualism;  Reports  of  Select  Law 
Cases;  and  Letters  and  Tracts  on  Spirit 
ualism.  He  died  April  5,  1874,  in  New 
York  city. 

EDMONDSON,  HENRY  A.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  in  1849;  and  was  re-elected  to 
each  successh  e  congress  down  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress. 

EDMUNDS,  G.,  jurist.  He  moved  to 
Utah,  and  was  appointed  an  associate 
judge  of  the  United  States  court  for  that 
territory. 

EDMUNDS,  GEORGE  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Feb.  1,  1828,  in  Richmond,  Vt.  He 
was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  of 
Vermont  in  1854-59, 
serving  three  years 
as  speaker;  and  was 
a  member  of  the 
state  senate,  and  its 
presiding  officer  pro 
tempore  in  1861-62. 
He  was  appointed  to 
the  United  States 
senate  as  a  republic 
an  to  fill  a  vacancy 
in  1866,  and  has 
since  been  successively  re-elected  four 
times.  He  was  a  member  of  the  elec 
toral  commission  of  1876.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  the  two  acts  passed  by  congress 
in  1882  and  1887  which  effected  the  de 
struction  of  the  polygamous  system  in 
Utah.  His  term  of  service  in  the  senate 
would  have  expired  March  3,  1893,  but  he 
resigned  his  office  of  senator  on  Nov.  1, 
1891,  and  retired  to  private  life. 


EDMUNDS,  JAMES  M.,  statesman,  was 
born  Aug.  23,  1810,  in  Niagara  county, 
N.  Y.  In  1839  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate;  and  in  1846  to  the  lower  house. 
From  1857  to  1861  he  was  comptroller  of 
Detroit,  which  office  he  resigned  to  be 
come  the  commissioner  of  the  general 
land  office  in  Washington.  In  1869  he  be 
came  postmaster  of  Washington  city; 
from  1855  to  1861  was  chairman  of  the  re 
publican  state  central  committee  of  Mich 
igan:  and  president  of  the  Michigan  Sol 
diers'  Relief  association  in  Washington 
city,  from  its  first  organization  in  1861. 

EDMUNDS,  NEWTON,  governor,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  an  early  emi 
grant  to  Dakota;  and  in  1863  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  that  territory,  resid 
ing  in  Yankton,  and  serving  in  that  office 
until  1866. 

EDMUNDS,  PAUL  CARRINGTON,  law 
yer,  farmer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
1.  1836,  in  Halifax  county,  Va.  He  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  Virginia  in  1881, 
and  served  four  years;  and  was  re-elect 
ed  in  1884.  He  was  a  delegate  from  the 
sixth  district  to  the  democratic  national 
convention  at  Chicago  in  1884;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second 
congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

EDMUNDSON,  JAMES  DEPEW,  ban 
ker,  was  born  Nov.  23, 1838,  in  Des  Moines 
county,  Iowa.  He  is  president  of  the 
Citizens'  State  bank,  and  is  also  connect 
ed  with  the  State  Savings  bank,  the  Sioux 
Valley  bank  of  Correctionville,  Iowa;  and 
the  Bankers'  National  bank  of  Chicago; 
and  the  Pioneer  Implement  company  of 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 

EDSALL,  JOSEPH  E.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Sussex  county,  N.  J.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1837  to  1839;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature,  and  of 
the  convention  which  framed  the  last 
state  constitution. 

EDSEN,  EDWARD  P.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  Germany.  In  1889  the  firm 
of  Thompson,  Edsen  and  Humphries  was 
established,  which  is  now  one  of  the  lead 
ing  law  firms  of  the  Pacific  coast.  He  has 
made  numerous  creditable  contributions 
to  periodical  literature  in  both  prose  and 
verse. 

EDSON,  CYRUS,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1882  he  was 
appointed  on  the  medical  staff  of  the 
health  department  of  the  city  of  New 
York  as  assistant  sanitary  inspector, 
and  promoted  through  all  the  different 
grades  to  his  present  position  as  chief 
inspector.  He  is  the  author  of  Poisons 
in  Food  and  Drink;  Disinfection;  and  De: 
fenses  against  Contagious  Diseases. 

EDSON,  FRANKLIN,  merchant,  was 
born  April  5,  1832,  in  Chester,  Vt.  He 
has  been  three  times  president  of  the 
Produce  exchange,  in  1873,  1874  and  1878. 
His  political  affiliations  have  been  with 
the  county  democracy,  and  in  1882  he  was 
elected  mayor  of  New  York  city. 

EDWARD,  MANIGAULT  GABRIEL, 
zoologist,  geologist,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1833. 
in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  is  professor  of 
zoology  and  geology,  and  curator  of 
museum,  college  of  Charleston,  S.  C.;  and 
also  president  of  the  Carolina  Art  associa 
tion. 

EDWARDS,  ALBERT  G.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1812,  in  Lexing 
ton,  Ky.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  com 
mander  of  the  St.  Louis  division  of  state 
guards;  and  for  some  time  had  command 
of  the  troops  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  has 
been  bank  commissioner  of  Missouri;  and 
sub-treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  St. 
Louis.  He  died  in  1892. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP"    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


331 


EDWARDS,  BELA  BATES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  July  4,  1802,  in  South 
ampton,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman,  professor  in  Andover  Theolog 
ical  seminary,  and  editor  of  the  Biblio- 
theca  Sacra.  He  published  an  Eclectic 
Reader;  Biography  of  Self-made  Men; 
and  Memoirs  of  E.  Cornelius.  He  died 
April  20,  1852,  in  Athens,  Ga. 

EDWARDS,  BENJAMIN,  farmer,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  in  1752  in 
Stafford  county,  Va.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Maryland  legislature;  also  of  the 
state  convention  which  ratified  the  fed 
eral  constitution;  and  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  Maryland  from  1794  to  1795 
to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1826, 
in  Todd  county,  Va. 

EDWARDS,  BENJAMIN  STEVENSON, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  jurist,  was  born 
June  3,  1818,  in  Edwardsville,  111.  In  1869 
he  was  elected  circuit  judge  of  Sanga- 
mon  county,  111.,  but  resigned  after  eigh 
teen  months'  service,  preferring  the  ac 
tive  practice  of  his  profession.  He  died 
Feb.  5,  1886,  in  Springfield,  111. 

EDWARDS,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  March  17,  1797,  in  England.  He 
was.  a  New  York  lawyer  who  was  coun 
sel  to  the  British  consulate.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Juryman's  Guide;  Parties 
to  Bills  and  Other  Pleadings;  Feathers 
from  My  Own  Wings;  Receivers  in  Chan 
cery;  Reports  of  Chancery  Cases;  Receiv 
ers  in  Equity;  Referees;  History  and 
Poetry  of  Finger  Rings;  and  Pleasantries 
about  Courts  and  Lawyers.  He  died  May 
30,  1868,  in  New  York  city. 

EDWARDS,  CHARLES,  journalist,  was 
born  July  6,  1846,  in  Springfield.  111.  In 
1863  he  filled  a  position  in  the  commissary 
department  of  the  United  States  army. 
After  the  war  he  was  an  instructor  in 
Bryant  and  Stratton's  Commercial  college 
in  Springfield  for  a  short  time.  He  was 
connected  with  the  Illinois  State  Jour 
nal,  and  at  one  time  was  one  of  the  pro 
prietors  of  the  Illinois  State  Register. 

EDWARDS,  CHARLES  JEROME,  un 
derwriter,  was  born  May  .8,  1866,  in  Wayne 
county,  N.  Y.  In  1888  he  became  metro 
politan  manager  of  the  Equitable  Life 
Assurance  society. 

EDWARDS,  CLARENCE  J.,  physician, 
journalist,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  3, 
1858,  in  Springfield,  Ark.  He  is  principal 
ly  known  as  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Meridional  of  Abbeville,  La.,  although  he 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  physician; 
and  has  been  a  representative  of  the 
Louisiana  state  legislature. 

EDWARDS,  EDGAR  S.,  farmer,  stock 
man,  was  born  March  4,  1839,  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  For  four  years  he  was  engaged  In 
mining  in  Colorado;  and  four  years  at  the 
same  business  in  Montana.  He  moved  to 
Idaho  in  1867,  where  he  has  attained 
success  in  mining,  farming  and  stock- 
raising. 

EDWARDS,  EMORY,  naval  engineer, 
author,  was  born  in  1841  in  Virginia.  He 
is  a  naval  engineer  who  served  in  the 
United  States  navy  as  assistant  engineer 
in  1864-68.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Cate 
chism  of  the  Marine  Steam  Engine;  Mod 
ern  American  Locomotive  Engines;  Mod 
ern  American  Marine  Engines,  Boilers 
and  Screw  Propellers;  and  The  Practical 
Steam  Engineer's  Guide. 

EDWARDS,  FRANCIS  S.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  May  28,  1818, 
in  Norwich,  Conn.  Removing  to  New 
York  he  was  appointed  a  master  in  chan 
cery  in  1841  for  the  county  of  Chenango; 
in  1851  was  elected  surrogate  of  Chautau- 
qua  county;  and  in  1854  was  elected  to 
the  thirty-fourth  congress  from  New 
York. 


EDWARDS,  GEORGE  WHARTON,  ar 
tist,  author,  was  born  in  1860  in  Connecti 
cut.     He  is  an  artist  and  writer  of  short 
stories       living       at 
Plainfield,    New  Jer 
sey.     His  works  are 
P'tit     Matinic',    and 
Other        Monotones; 
Thumb-Nail   Sketch- 
)'£•     I    es;    The   Rivalries  of 
I    Long  and  Short  Co- 
I    diac;   and  Break     o' 
I    Day  and  Other    Stor- 
I    ies.     In    art  he    has 
<f     __^^|       \   treated       principally 
Holland         subjects; 
and  has  received  nu 
merous  medals  and  diplomas. 

EDWARDS,  HARRY  STILLWELL, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1854  in 
Georgia.  He  is  a  journalist  of  Macon, 
Ga.;  and  the  author  of  Two  Runaways 
and  Other  Stories;  and  Sons  and  Fathers. 
EDWARDS,  HAYDEN,  merchant,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  in  1710.  He  was 
several  times  in  the  legislature  from 
Stafford  and  Westmoreland  counties,  Va. 
EDWARDS,  HENRY  PIERREPONT, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1809.  He  was 
a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York 
for  over  seven  years,  and  sustained  a  high 
reputation  for  independence  and  legal  abil 
ity.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1855,  in  New  York 
city. 

EDWARDS,  HENRY  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  governor,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  in  1779  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1819  to  1823;  and  United  States  senator 
from  1823  to  1827.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  in  1828  and  1829;  speaker 
of  the  Connecticut  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1830;  and  governor  in  1833,  and 
from  1835  to  1838.  He  died  July  22,  1847, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

EDWARDS,  JAMES  THOMAS,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1838, 
in  New  Jersey.  He  is  a  methodist  clergy 
man  and  educator  of  Baltimore;  and  the 
author  of  The  Grass  Family;  The  Voice 
Tree;  and  The  Silva  of  Chautauqua  Lake. 
EDWARDS,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1837  to  1843. 

EDWARDS,  JOHN,  congressman.  Ho 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1839  to  1843.  He  died 
fane  25,  1843,  in  Chester,  Pa. 

EDWARDS,  JOHN,  legislator,  United 
States  senator.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  legislature  from  Fayette  coun 
ty  in  1781,  1782,  1783  and  1785;  and  was  a 
commissioner  who  chose  the  seat  of  gov 
ernment  at  Frankfort  in  1785.  He  was 
United  States  senator  from  Kentucky  from 
1792  to  1795.  He  died  in  1837  in  Bour 
bon  county,  Ky. 

EDWARDS,  JOHN,  legislator,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  1755  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
convention  of  Virginia 'which  ratified  the 
federal  constitution,  and  was  one  of  the 
first  two  senators  from  Kentucky. 

EDWARDS,  JOHN,  poet,  was  born 
April  15,  1806,  in  Wales.  He  was  a  Welsh 
poet  who  came  to  America  in  1828,  and 
settled  in  central  New  York.  He  was 
long  prominent  among  Welsh  residents 
of  the  United  States,  and  published  two 
volumes  of  verse,  The  .Crucifixion;  and 
The  Omnipresence  of  God.  He  died  Jan. 
20,  1887,  in  Rome,  N.  Y. 

EDWARDS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1815,  in  Jefferson 
county,  Ky.  He  was  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature  of  Indiana  from  1845  to  1849,  and 
filled  numerous  other  offices  of  honor. 


EDWARDS,  JOHN  C.,  congressman, 
governor.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Missouri  from  1841  to  1843; 
and  governor  of  that  state  from  1844  to 
1848. 

EDWARDS,  JOHN  ELLIS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1814,  in  Guilford 
county,  N.  C.  He  is  a  metModist  clergy 
man  of  Richmond,  Va.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Life  of  John  Wesley  Childs;  Ran 
dom  Sketches  and  Notes  of  European 
Travel;  The  Confederate  Soldier;  and 
Log  Meeting-House. 

EDWARDS,  JONATHAN,  theologian, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1703,  in  East 
Windsor,  Conn.  From  1751  to  1758  he 
served  as  missionary  to  the  Stockbridge 
Indians,  and  the  last  month  of  his  life 
was  president  of  the  college  of  New  Jer 
sey,  now  Princeton  university.  His  chief 
work  is  the  celebrated  Inquiry  into  the 
Freedom  of  the  Will,  a  masterpiece  of 
acute,  precise,  and  original  thinking.  His 
other  works  include  Notes  on  the  Mind 
and  Natural  Science;  The  Religious  Af 
fections;  Distinguishing  Marks  of  a  Work 
of  the  Spirit;  Nature  of  True  Virtue; 
God's  Last  End  in  the  Creation;  Treatise 
on  Grace;  Doctrine  of  Original  Sin  De 
fended;  Inquiry  into  the  Qualifications 
for  Communion;  Thoughts  for  the  Revival 
of  Religion;  History  of  the  Redemption; 
and  Life  of  David  Brainerd.  He  died 
March  22,  1758,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

EDWARDS,  JONATHAN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  26,  1745,  in  North 
ampton,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  great  ability  who  was  presi 
dent  of  Union  college.  He  was  the  author 
of  Treatise  on  Liberty  and  Necessity; 
and  Discourses  on  the  Atonement.  He 
died  Aug.  1,  1801,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

EDWARDS,  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1798,  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  practiced  for  many 
years  in  Hartford,  where  he  held  the  of 
fice  of  judge  of  probate.  About  1840  he 
removed  to  Troy,  N.  Y.,  of  which  city  he 
was  subsequently  chosen  mayor.  He  was 
also  several  times  elected  to  the  state 
legislature.  He  died  Aug.  23,  1875,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

EDWARDS,  JONATHAN,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  July  19,  1817, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  has  filled  pas 
torates  in  the  presbyterian  churches  in 
Ohio,  Kentucky,  New  Jersey  and  Mary 
land;  and  from  1855-57  was  president  of 
Hanover  college.  He  died  July  13,  1891, 
in  Peoria,  111. 

EDWARDS,  JULIAN,  composer,  was 
born  Dec.  17,  1855,  in  England.  He  is  the 
author  of  Brian  Boru,  which  created  a 
sensation  on  its  production  at  the  Broad 
way  theater  on  Oct.  19,  1896,  and  estab 
lished  his  fame  as  one  of  America's  fore 
most  composers  of  light  opera.  He  has 
written  many  songs,  notably  a  collection 
entitled  Sunlight  and  Shadow. 

EDWARDS,  JUSTIN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  25,  1787,  in  West- 
hampton,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman,  prominent  in  the  temperance 
movement.  Beside  a  Sabbath  Manual;  and 
Temperance  Manual,  he  published  a  great 
number  of  tracts.  He  died  July  23,  1853, 
in  Bath  Alum,  Va. 

EDWARDS,  MORGAN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  6,  1722,  in  Wales. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Brown 
university;  and  the  author  of  Materials 
Toward  a  History  of  the  Baptists  in  Penn 
sylvania;  and  Materials  Toward  a  His 
tory  of  the  Baptists  in  New  Jersey.  He 
died  Jan.  28,  1795,  in  Pencador,  Del. 


332 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


EDWARDS,  NINIAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
governor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  March,  1775,  in  Montgomery  county, 
Md.  Removing  to  Kentucky,  he  was 
twice  elected  to  the  legislature;  was  ap 
pointed  a  circuit  clerk,  and  subsequently 
judge  of  the  general  court  of  Kentucky, 
of  the  circuit  court,  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals,  and  finally,  chief  justice  of  the 
state,  all  before  reaching  the  thirty-second 
year  of  his  age.  In  1809  President  Madi 
son  appointed  him  governor  of  the  terri 
tory  of  Illinois,  to  which  office  he  was 
three  times  reappointed.  When  Illinois 
became  a  state  he  was  elected  a  senator 
in  congress,  serving  from  1818  to  1824.  In 
1826  was  elected  governor  of  the  state  of 
Illinois,  which  office  he  filled  until  1831. 
He  died  of  cholera  July  20,  1833,  in  Belle 
ville,  111. 

EDWARDS.  NINIAN  W.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  April  15,  1809,  near  Frank 
fort,  Ky.  In  1834  he  was  appointed  at 
torney-general  of  Illinois.  In  1836  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  legislature, 
and  he  served  in  the  legislature,  either  in 
the  senate  of  the  house,  from  1836  to  1852. 
In  1854  he  received  the  appointment  of 
state  superintendent  of  public  instruction 
and  was  the  first  incumbent  of  that  office. 
During  1862-65  he  was  United  States 
commissary  with  the  rank  of  major.  He 
wrote  a  History  of  Illinois  and  Ninian 
Edwards.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1889. 

EDWARDS,  OGDEN.  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1781,  in  Connecticut. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature,  and 
in  1821  sat  in  the  convention  called  to  re 
vise  the  constitution  of  the  state.  He 
was  appointed  circuit  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court,  and  continued  in  that  office 
until  1841.  He  died  April  1,  1862,  on 
Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

EDWARDS,  OLIVER,  soldier,  was  born 
Jan.  30,  1835,  in  Springfield,  Mass.  In 
1864  he  was  brevetted  brigadier-general 
for  gallant  and  distinguished  services; 
and  was  made  major-general  the  year  fol 
lowing. 

EDWARDS,  PIERREPONT,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  8,  1750,  in  Northampton,  Mass.  He 
was  frequently  elected  to  the  Connecticut 
legislature;  and  was  administrator  of  the 
estate  of  Benedict  Arnold  at  the  time  of 
his  treason.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  continental  congress  in 
1787  and  1788;  and  subsequently  filled  the 
office  of  United  States  judge  for  the  state 
of  Connecticut,  which  he  held  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  died  April  5,  1826,  in 
Bridgeport,  Ky. 

EDWARDS,  SAMUEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Delaware  county,  Pa.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1819  to  1827. 

EDWARDS,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  April  24,  1839,  in  Glenville,  N. 
Y.  He  attained  prominence  as  an  able 
lawyer,  and  became  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state  of  New  York. 

EDWARDS,  SANFORD,  surgeon,  was 
born  in  1742.  He  served  with  distinction 
as  surgeon-general  in  General  Marion's 
army.  He  died  in  1815. 

EDWARDS,  THOMAS  M.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Cheshire  county,  N.  H.  He  served  eight 
years  in  the  New  Hampshire  legislature 
between  the  years  1834  and  1856;  and  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1856.  In  1859  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  loyalists'  convention  of  1866. 


EDWARDS,  TIMOTHY,  merchant, 
judge,  was  born  July  25,  1738,  in  North 
ampton,  Mass.  He  removed  to  Stockbridge 
about  1770,  where  he  was  a  leading  citi 
zen  for  forty-three  years,  and  sat  as  judge 
of  probate  for  Berkshire  county. 

EDWARDS.  TOM  O.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1847  to  1849.  He  died  in  February.  1876, 
in  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

EDWARDS,  TRYON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1809.  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  who  edited  the  Works  of  Joseph 
Bellamy,  with  Memoir;  the  works  of  his 
grandfather,  Jonathan  Edwards;  and  pub 
lished,  among  other  works,  Christianity 
a  Philosophy  of  Principles;  Self-Culti 
vation;-  Light  for  the  Day;  Wonders  of 
the  Word;  and  Anecdotes  for  the  Family. 
He  died  in  1894. 

EDWARDS,  WAKEMAN  W.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1826, 
in  Charlton,  N.  Y.  He  attended  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  his  native  village  and  pre 
pared  for  college  at  the  Schenectady  ly- 
ceum.  In  1850  he  graduated  from  the 
Union  college  with  honors,  being  third  in 
his  class.  In  1851  he  moved  south,  and 
taught  a  classical  school  in  Camden, 
Miss.  In  1855  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  moved  to  Arkansas,  where  he 
practiced  until  the  civil  war;  and  in  1858 
was  a  representative  in  the  Arkansas  state 
legislature.  In  1865  he  moved  to  Louis 
iana;  practiced  law  first  in  New  Orleans, 
and  then  at  Abbeville.  He  has  been  judge 
of  the  twenty-fifth  judicial  court  of  Louis 
iana,  and  has  had  the  management  of  all 
the  public  schools  of  the  county  under  his 
charge. 

EDWARDS,  WELDON  NATHANIEL, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1788,  in 
Warren  county,  N.  C.  He  was  in  the 
legislature  for  two  years;  was  a  member 
of  congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1816  to  1827;  and  again  went  into  the 
legislature,  serving  there  from  1833  to 
1844.  He  was  again  elected  in  1850;  was 
made  president  of  the  state  senate;  and 
was  president  of  the  state  convention  in 
1861.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1873,  in  Warren, 
N.  C. 

EDWARDS,  WILLIAM,  inventor,  was 
born  Nov.  11,  1770,  in  Elizabethtown,  N. 
J.  To  him  belongs  the  honor  of  the  suc 
cess  in  the  United  States  of  the  manufac 
ture  of  leather,  both  by  his  method  and 
the  improved  machinery.  His  first  tan 
nery  was  built  at  Northampton,  Mass.  He 
died  Dec.  1,  1851,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

EDWARDS,  WILLIAM  EMORY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  10,  1842,  in 
Prince  Edward  county,  Va.  He  is  a  meth- 
odist  clergyman  of  Virginia  who  is  the 
author  of  John  Newson,  a  Tale  of  Col 
lege  Life. 

EDWARDS,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1841,  in  Lawrence 
county,  Ind.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
the  sixty-seventh  regiment  Indiana  vol 
unteers.  In  1872  he  was  elected  to  repre 
sent  Lawrence  county  in  the  Indiana  leg 
islature,  and  served  during  the  regular 
and  special  sessions. 

EDWARDS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  natu 
ralist,  author,  was  born  in  1822,  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  naturalist  of  Coalburgh, 
W.  Va.;  and  the  author  of  The  Butter 
flies  of  North  America;  and  Voyage  up 
the  Amazon. 

EDWARDS,  WILLIAM  P.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Georgia.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the  for 
tieth  congress. 


EDWARDS,  WYNN,  farmer,  soldier, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1842,  in  Den 
bighshire,  North  Wales.  He  received  his 
education  in  Wales, 
and  subsequently 
took  a  business, 
course  in  Bryant 
and  Stratton's  col 
lege  of  Chicago,  111. 
H  e  emigrated  t  o 
America  in  1859,  ami 
has  since  lived  at 
Rosendale,  Wis.  He 
is  a  successful  farm 
er;  has  taken  an 
active  interest  in  the 
tramp  problem,  and 
through  his  influence  a  tramp  workhouse 
has  been  erected  in  Fond  du  Lac.  During 
the  war  he  served  in  company  F,  twenty- 
first  regiment  Wisconsin  volunteer  infan 
try;  was  with  General  Sherman  all 
through  the  Atlanta  campaign,  until 
wounded  by  a  gun-shot  on  Aug.  7,  1864. 
He  again  joined  the  regiment  at  Savan 
nah,  and  marched  through  the  Carolines. 
He  was  treasurer  of  his  town  for  seven 
years;  was  postmaster  during  President 
Harrison's  administration;  is  now  serv 
ing  his  seventh  year  as  chairman  of  his 
town;  and  in  1896  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Wisconsin  state  assembly. 

EDWIN,  DAVID,  engraver,  was  born  in 
December,  1776,  in  England.  He  was  em 
ployed  by  Edward  Savage,  the  painter, 
and  soon  became  the  most  eminent  artist 
of  the  time.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1841,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

EELLS,  DANIEL  PARMELEE,  banker, 
was  born  April  16,  1825,  in  Westmoreland, 
N.  Y.  He  graduated  from  the  Hamilton 
college  in  1848.  He 
is  prominent  in  the 
business  and  public 
affairs  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  where  he  has 
been  president  of  the 
Commercial  National 
bank  since  1868;  and 
his  connection  with 
this  institution  cov 
ers  a  period  of  half 
a  century.  He  was 
one  of  the  projectors 
of  the  Ohio  Central 

railroad,  and  its  first  president.  He  was 
prominent  in  the  construction  of  the  St. 
Louis,  Keokuk  and  Northwestern  railway; 
the  New  York,  Chicago  and  St.  Louis  rail 
way;  the  Detroit,  Mackinac  and  Marquette 
railroad;  and  the  East  Tennessee,  Vir 
ginia  and  Georgia  railroad.  In  connection 
with  others,  he  has  built  and  consolidated 
railroads,  along  whose  lines  villages 
sprang  up,  manufactories  were  started, 
and  the  whole  country  benefited. 

EELLS,  JAMES,  clergyman,  was  born 
Aug.  27,  1822,  in  Westmoreland,  N.  Y. 
He  attained  success  as  a  clergyman  of  the 
Presbyterian  church;  and  filled  pastor 
ates  in  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y.;  Cleveland,  Ohio; 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  San  Francisco,  and  Oak 
land,  Cal.  He  was  professor  of  theology 
in  the  San  Francisco  Theological  semi 
nary;  and  also  in  the  Lane  seminary  of 
Cincinnati;  and  in  1878  was  president  of 
the  general  assembly  at  Chicago.  He 
died  March  9,  1886,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

EELLS,  MYRON,  clergyman,  mission 
ary,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1843, 
in  Walker's  Prairie,  Wash.  Since  1875 
he  has  been  a  missionary  to  the  Indians 
in  the  state  of  Washington.  He  has  a 
collection  of  geological,  Indian,  Chinese, 
and  other  specimens  of  antiquity.  He  is 
the  author  of  several  prose  works  and  a 
volume  of  poems. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


333 


EELLS,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
1811,  in  Westmoreland,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
successful  lawyer  and  founded  the  Alpha 
Delta  Phi  fraternity  in  1832.  He  died 
March  13,  1842,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

EFFNER,  VALENTINE,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  assembly  of  that  state  in  1829;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1835  to  1837. 

EFIRD,  CYPRIAN  M.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1856,  in  Lex 
ington,  S.  C.  During  1892-96  he  served 
as  state  senator  for  Lexington  county  in 
the  South  Carolina  legislature.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  prominence  and  has  been  re 
porter  for  the  state  supreme  court. 

EGAN,  MAURICE  FRANCIS,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  28,  1852. 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  journalist 
and  is  now  professor  at  the  Roman  Cath 
olic  university  of  Notre  Dame,  Ind.  His 
prose  writings  include  That  Girl  of  Mine: 
That  Lover  of  Mine;  A  Garden  of  Roses; 
Stories  of  Duty;  The  Life  Around  Us;  The 
Theater  and  Christian  Parents;  Modern 
Novelists;  Lectures  on  English  Litera 
ture;  The  Disappearance  of  Mr.  Long- 
worthy;  A  Primer  of  English  Literature; 
A  Gentleman;  A  Marriage  of  Reason;  The 
Success  of  Patrick  Desmond;  and  The 
Flower  of  the  Flock.  In  verse  he  has 
published  Preludes;  and  Songs  and  Son 
nets,  and  Other  Poems. 

EGAN,  MICHAEL,  bishop,  was  born  in 
Ireland.  He  was  appointed  pastor  of  St. 
Mary's  church  of  Philadelphia;  and  in 
1810  was  consecrated  bishop  of  the  newly 
created  diocese  of  Philadelphia.  He  died 
June  22,  1814,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

EGAN,  THOMAS  W..  soldier,  was  born 
in  1836,  in  New  York  city.  In  1862  he 
was  promoted  colonel,  and  participated  in 
all  the  battles  of  the  army  of  the  Potomac. 
At  the  battle  of  Boydton  plankroad  he 
commanded  the  division,  and  was  bre- 
vetted  major-general.  He  died  Feb.  24, 
1887,  in  New  York  city. 

EGAR,  JOHN  HODSON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1832,  in  England.  He 
is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Rome,  N.  Y.; 
and  the  author  of  The  Threefold  Grace  of 
the  Holy  Trinity;  and  Christendom,  Ec 
clesiastical  and  Political. 

EGBERT,  A.  G.,  physician,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  13,  1828,  in 
Mercer  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  for 
ty-fourth  congress. 

EGBERT,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1841  to  1843. 

EGE,  GEORGE,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  during  the  years  1796  and  1797 
to  fill  a  vacancy. 

EGGLESTON,  BENJAMIN,  was  born 
Jan.  3,  1816,  in  Corinth,  N.  Y.  He  was 
president  of  the  Cincinnati  city  council; 
and  was  for  some  years  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature.  In  1864  he  was  electee! 
a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fortieth  congress.  He  was  the  author  of 
several  novels. 

EGGLESTON,  EDWARD,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1837,  in  Vevay,  Ind.  He  is 
a  novelist  now  living  near  Lake  George, 
N.  Y.,  who,  in  the  early  part  of  his  career, 
was  a  methodist  minister.  His  first  im 
portant  work.  The  Hoosier  Schoolmaster, 
attracted  widespread  notice.  Other  fic 
tion  by  him  include  The  End  of  the 
World;  The  Circuit  Rider;  Roxy;  The 


Graysons,  a  story  of  Illinois;  The  Faith 
Doctor;  The  Hoosier  Schoolboy;  Queer 
Stories  for  Boys  and  Girls;  Schoolmasters' 
Stories;  Mr.  Blake's  Walking  Stick; 
Duffels.  Still  other  works  are  Sunday- 
school  Manual;  Counsel  for  Teachers: 
School  History  of  the  United  States; 
Household  History  of  the  United  States; 
First  Book  in  American  History;  Stories 
of  Great  Americans;  and  The  Beginners 
of  a  Nation,  the  first  volume  in  a  History 
of  Life  in  the  United  States.  With  his 
daughter,  Mrs.  Seelye,  he  has  written  Te- 
curnseh  and  the  Shawnee  Prophet;  Poca- 
hontas;  Brandt  and  Red  Jacket;  and 
Montezuma. 

EGGLESTON,  GEORGE  CARY,  soldier, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1839, 
in  Vevay,  Ind.  He  is  a  brother  of  Edward 
Eggleston.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  the  confederate  army,  and  after 
wards  filled  several  journalistic  positions 
in  New  York  city,  becoming  editor  of  the 
Commercial  Advertiser  in  1886.  He  is  the 
author  of  How  to  Educate  Yourself;  A 
Man  of  Honor;  A  Rebel's  Recollections; 
How  to  Make  a  Living;  How  to  Make 
Money;  The  Big  Brother,  or  a  Story  of 
the  Indian  War;  Captain  Sam;  Signal 
Boys;  The  Wreck  of  the  Red  Bird; 
Strange  Stories  from  History  for  Young 
People;  Red  Eagle;  and  Juggernaut:  A 
Veiled  Record. 

EGGLESTON,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1754,  in 
Amelia  county,  Va.  He  served  in  the 
revolutionary  war  as  a  captain  and  major 
of  cavalry  under  Colonel  Henry  Lee;  and 
was  in  several  of  the  battles  fought  by 
Gates  and  Greene.  He  served  in  the  Vir 
ginia  assembly  for  several  years;  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1798  to  1801;  and  from  the  time  of 
his  leaving  congress  until  his  death  was 
a  justice  of  the  peace.  He  died  Feb  13, 
1811. 

EGLE,  WILLIAM  H.,  physician,  state 
librarian,  historian,  was  born  Sept.  17, 
1830,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.  For  three  years 
he  served  in  the  civil  war;  and  since  1870 
has  been  surgeon  in  the  national  guard 
of  Pennsylvania.  In  1887  he  was  ap 
pointed  state  librarian  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  History  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  History  of  Dauphin  County;  His 
tory  of  Lebanon  County;  Historical  Re 
gister;  Pennsylvania  Genealogies,  Scotch- 
Irish  and  German;  Pennsylvania  in  the 
Revolution;  Notes  and  Queries  relative  to 
Interior  Pennsylvania;  and  Pennsylvania 
Archives  in  twelve  volumes. 

EGLESTON,  AZARIAH,  soldier,  state 
senator,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1757, 
in  Sheffield,  Mass.  He  served  in  the  revo 
lutionary  war,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
major.  In  1807-09  he  was  elected  state 
senator;  and  in  1808  he  was  appointed 
associate  justice  of  the  court  of  sessions 
He  died  Jan..  12,  1822. 

EGLESTON,  THOMAS,  mining  engi 
neer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1832,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  metallurgist  of 
note;  and  has  been  professor  of  miner 
alogy  at  Columbia  college  from  1864.  He 
is  the  author  of  Metallurgy  of  Silver;  Cat 
alogue  of  Minerals;  Lectures  on  Mineral 
ogy;  and  Life  of  John  Patterson,  Major- 
General  in  the  Army  of  the  Revolution. 

EHNINGER,  JOHN  WHETTON,  artist, 
was  born  July  22,  1827,  in  New  York  city. 
The  subject  of  his  first  painting,  Peter 
Stuyvesant  (1850),  was  taken  from  Irv- 
ing's  Knickerbocker's  History  of  New 
York,  and  was  engraved  by  the  American 
Art  union.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1889,  in  Sara 
toga,  N.  Y. 


EHRHARDT,  JOHN  ADAM,  lawyer, 
was  born  Dec.  6,  1848,  in  Germany.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Western 
Union  college  and  the  Illinois  Military 
academy.  He  has  gained  distinction  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Stanton,  Neb.,  and  has 
been  prosecuting  attorney  of  his  county. 
In  1897  he  was  elected  department  com 
mander  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub 
lic  of  Nebraska:  and  has  also  served  as 
grand  master  of  Masons  in  Nebraska. 

EICHELBERGER,  ABDIEL  W.,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1819,  in 
Hanover,  Pa.  He  is  president  of  the 
Baltimore  and  Harrisburg  railway;  and  is 
also  president  of  the  Berlin  Branch  rail 
road. 

EICKHOFF,  ANTHONY,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  11,  1827,  in 
Westphalia,  Germany.  He  had  editorial 
charge  of  newspapers  at  St.  Louis, 
Louisville,  and  finally  at  New  York,  where 
he  located  permanently  in  1852.  In  1863 
he  was  appointed  commissary  general  of 
subsistence  of  the  state  of  New  York; 
and  was  subsequently  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  the  New  York  legislature.  He 
was  elected  coroner  of  the  city  of  New 
York  in  1873;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress. 

EIDLITZ,  CYRUS  LAZELLE  WARN 
ER,  architect,  was  born  July  27,  1853,  in 
New  York  city.  Among  the  buildings 
that  he  has  designed  are  the  Michigan 
Central  railway  station  in  Detroit;  the 
Dearborn  station  in  Chicago;  and  the 
Buffalo  library. 

EIDLITZ,  LEOPOLD,  architect,  author, 
was  born  March  29,  1823,  in  Prague,  Bo 
hemia.  He  was  an  architect  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  The  Nature  and 
Function  of  Art.  He  died  in  1896. 

EIGHMEY,  CHARLES  HENRY,  law 
yer,  banker,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1834,  in 
Saratoga,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  at 
Cornell  college  of  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y.  Dur 
ing  1861-71  he  practiced  law  with  success. 
He  has  been  vice-president,  cashier,  and 
president  of  the  First  National  bank  of 
Dubuque  since  1871:  and  still  is  its  hon 
ored  president.  Mr.  Eighmey  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  religious  in 
stitutions,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  of  Dubuque, 
Iowa,  half  a  century.  He  is  a  trustee  and 
chairman  of  the  building  committee  of  the 
new  St.  Luke's  Methodist  church  of  Du 
buque,  to  the  construction  of  which  he 
was  a  liberal  donor. 

EILAND,  CHARLES  LEVI,  clergyman, 
legislator,  was  born  March  20,  1852,  near 
Troy,  Ala.  He  is  a  successful  clergyman 
of  the  baptist  church;  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  Alabama 
state  legislature  in  1892-93,  and  again  in 
1895-96.  For  ten  years  he  has  been  mod 
erator  of  the  New  Providence  association; 
and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Brantley, 
Ala. 

EILERS,  FREDERIC  ANTON,  metal 
lurgist,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1839,  in  Ger 
many.  He  is  considered  one  of  the  fore 
most  experts  in  the  United  States  in  his 
branch  of  metallurgy. 

EINSTEIN,  EDWIN,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1842,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  York  to  the  forty-sixth 
congress. 

EISEMAN,  BENJAMIN,  merchant,  was 
born  Nov.  16,  1833,  in  Germany.  In  1879 
he  moved  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he  es 
tablished  a  large  dry  goods  house.  He  as 
sisted  in  organizing  several  insurance 
companies  and  the  First  National  bank. 
He  was  also  for  two  years  president  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 


334 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ELA,  JACOB  H.,  journalist,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  18,  1820,  in  Rochester. 
N.  H.  He  established  and  edited  the  Her 
ald  of  Freedom,  and  also  participated  in 
establishing  the  Independent  Democrat. 
In  1857-58  he  was  a  member  of  the  state 
,  legislature,  and  fllled  several  other  state 
offices.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  United 
States  marshal  for  his  state,  holding  the 
office  until  1866.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  Hampshire  to  the 
fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses;  and 
in  1872  was  appointed  fifth  auditor  of  the 
United  States  treasury;  and  in  1881  was 
appointed  sixth  auditor  of  the  treasury. 

ELAM,  JOSEPH  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  12,  1821,  in  Hemp- 
stead  county,  Ark.  He  was  admitted  to 
practice  law  in  Alexandria,  La.,  in  1843; 
served  two  terms  in  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1851  removed  to  De  Sota 
parish.  In  1861  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention;  again 
served  in  the  legislature  during  the  civil 
war;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Louisiana  to  the  forty-fifth  and  for 
ty-sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

ELBERT,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  in  1743,  in  Prince  William  par 
ish,  S.  C.  He  served  in  the  revolutionary 
war  and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general;  and  in  1785  was  elected  governor 
of  Georgia.  He  died  Nov.  2,  1788,  in  Sa- 
\annah,  Ga. 

ELBERT,  SAMUEL  HITT,  state  legis 
lator,  governor,  was  born  April  3,  1833, 
in  Logan  county,  Ohio.  In  1869  he  was 
elected  to  the  Colorado  legislature;  and 
in  1873  was  elected  governor  of  Colorado, 
serving  until  1874. 

ELDER,  CYRUS,  public  official,  author, 
poet,  was  born  June  16,  1833,  in  Somerset, 
Pa.  He  was  a  revenue  commissioner  of 
Pennsylvania;  and  the  author  of  Dream 
of  a  Free-Trade  Paradise;  Man  and  La 
bor;  Short  Studies;  and  May  Gift,  a  vol 
ume  of  poems. 

ELDER,  GEORGE  A.  M.,  priest,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  in  1794,  in 
Hardin's  Creek,  Ky.  He  was  a  Roman 
catholic  priest  who  founded  the  college 
of  St.  Joseph  at  Bardstown,  Ky.,  and  was 
its  first  president.  He  wrote  Letters  to 
Brother  Jonathan;  and  other  works.  He 
died  in  1838,  in  Bardstown,  Ky. 

ELDER,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
1706,  in  Ireland.  He  trained  his  parish 
ioners  for  cavalry  service  against  the  In 
dians,  and  afterward  received  a  colonel's 
commission  from  the  proprietaries  and 
had  charge  of  the  block-houses  from  Eas- 
ton  to  the  Susquehanna.  He  died  in  1792, 
near  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

ELDER,  JOSEPH  FREEMAN,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  was  born  March  10,  1839. 
In  Portland,  Maine.  Since  1870  he  has 
been  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  the 
Epiphany  of  New  York  city.  In  1885  he 
became  president  of  the  New  York  Bap 
tist  City  mission. 

ELDER,  MRS.  SUSAN  BLANCHARD. 
educator,  author,  was  born  about  1835,  in 
Fort  Jessup,  La.  She  has  written  ex 
tensively  for  Roman  catholic  periodicals; 
and  is  the  author  of  The  Loss  of  the 
Papacy;  James  the  Second;  Savonarola; 
and  Ellen  Fitzgerald,  a  southern  tale. 

ELDER,  WILLIAM,  physician,  author, 
was  born  July  23,  1806,  in  Somerset,  Pa. 
He  was  a  Philadelphia  physician,  promi 
nent  as  an  abolitionist;  and  the  author 
of  Periscopics,  a  volume  of  miscellanies; 
The  Enchanted  Beauty;  The  Life  of  Dr. 
Kane;  The  Debt  and  Resources  of  the 
United  States  (1863);  Questions  of  the 
Day,  Economic  and  Social;  and  Conver 
sations  on  the  Principal  Subjects  of  Po 
litical  Economy.  He  died  in  1885. 


ELDER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  bishop, 
was  born  March  22,  1819,  in  Baltimore, 
Md. '  He  was  made  a  bishop  in  1857,  be 
ginning  his  active  duties  in  charge  of  the 
see  of  Natchez.  In  1880  he  was  nomi 
nated  coadjutor  bishop  of  Cincinnati,  and 
in  1883  became  archbishop. 

ELDRED,  NATHANIEL  B.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1795,  in  Orange  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1822  to 
1828:  was  for  a  time  canal  commissioner 
of  Pennsylvania;  and  naval  officer  at 
Philadelphia  from  1852  to  1856.  He  died 
Jan.  27,  1867,  in  Bethany,  Pa. 

ELDREDGE,  BARNABAS,  manufactur 
er,  was  born  June  19,  1843,  in  Munson, 
Ohio.  In  1879  the  Eldredge  Manufactur 
ing  company  was  organized,  and  he  was 
chosen  its  first  president.  In  1886  the 
rompjtiiy  was  consolidated  with  the  Na 
tional  Sewing  Machine  company,  and  the 
two  corporations  removed  from  Chicago 
to  Belvidere,  111.,  where  they  built  a  large 
plant  for  the  manufacture  of  their  ma 
chines. 

ELDREDGE,  NATHANIEL  B.,  physi 
cian,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
March  28,  1813,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  state  senator  of  Michigan  in  1848;  and 
judge  of  probate  from  1852  to  1856.  In 
1861  he  raised  a  company  of  volunteers 
and  joined  the  seventh  Michigan  infantry; 
and  became  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  1862. 
In  1865  he  removed  to  Adrian,  Mich.,  and 
was  elected  mayor  in  1870.  In  1874  he 
was  elected  sheriff  of  Lenawee  county; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  forty-eighth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

ELDRIDGE,  CHARLES  A.,  was  born 
Feb.  27,  1821,  in  Bridgeport,  Vt.  In  1848 
he  removed  to  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.  In  1854 
and  1855  he  was  a 
member  of  the  state 
senate;  and  in  1862 
was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Wis 
consin  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth,  fortieth, 
forty-first,  forty- 
second  and  forty- 
third  congresses  as  a 
democrat.  He  served 
on  several  important 
committees  while  a  member  of  congress. 

ELDRIDGE,  EDWIN,  capitalist,  was 
born  in  1811.  He  became  president  of  the 
Elmira  Iron  and  Steel  company,  and  was 
long  connected  with  the  Erie  railroad.  He 
gave  a  public  park  to  Elmira,  and  con 
tributed  materially  to  the  progress  of  that 
town.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1876,  in  Elmira, 
N.  Y. 

ELDRIDGE,  EDWIN  R.,  educator,  lec 
turer,  college  president,  was  born  Aug.  31. 
1843,  in  Burnettsville,  Ind.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Indiana  common 
schools;  Burnettsville  seminary;  Wash 
ington  college,  Iowa;  and  subsequently 
received  the  degree  of  doctor  of  laws  from 
the  Drake  university  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
He  has  always  been  prominently  identified 
with  educational  work;  has  been  county 
superintendent  of  schools;  for  fourteen 
years  was  president  of  the  Eastern  Iowa 
Normal  school;  and  for  nineteen  years 
was  lecturer  in  normal  institutes  in  con 
nection  with  county  superintendency  and 
normal  school  presidency.  He  is  now  pres 
ident  of  the  State  Normal  college  of  Troy, 
Ala.,  which  position  he  has  filled  since 
1888. 


ELIOT,  ANDREW,  clergyman,  was  born 
Dec.  28,  1718,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1742 
he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  new  North 
church  in  Boston,  where  he  remained  un 
til  his  death.  He  was  a  great  student  of 
literature  and  science,  and  was  influential 
in  the  cause  of  American  freedom.  He 
died  Sept.  30,  1778,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ELIOT,  CHARLES,  author,  was  born  in 
1791,  in  Boston,  Mass.  His  first  writings 
appeared  in  the  General  Repository,  a  Bos 
ton  periodical,  and  he  was  specially  in 
terested  in  the  preparation  of  Scheusner's 
Lexicon.  His  Miscellaneous  Writings  were 
edited  by  Andrews  Anton.  He  died  in 
1813. 

ELIOT,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  March  20, 
1834,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  distin 
guished  educator  who  has  been  president 
of  Harvard  university  since  1869.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  Manual  of  Qualitative 
Chemical  Analysis;  and  Manual  of  In 
organic  Chemistry. 

ELIOT,  EPHRAIM,  druggist,  author. 
He  published  Historical  Notices  of  the 
New  North  Religious  Society,  with  Anec 
dotes  of  Rev.  Andrew  Eliot  and  John 
Eliot. 

ELIOT,  JARED,  clergyman,  scientist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1685,  in  Guil- 
ford,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Killingworth,  Conn.,  in  1707- 
63.  He  was  awarded  a  medal  by  the  Lon 
don  institute  in  1756  for  producing  mal 
leable  iron  from  American  black  sand.  He 
was  the  author  of  Essays  upon  Field  and 
Husbandry,  and  many  single  sermons.  He 
died  April  22,  1763,  in  Killingworth,  Conn. 
ELIOT,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  5,  1604,  in  England.  He  was  a 
puritan  minister  of  Roxbury  who  came  to 
America  in  1631,  and  is  famous  in  history 
as  the  Indian  apostle.  He  is  chiefly  re 
membered  for  his  famous  translation  of 
the  Bible  into  the  Indian  language,  but 
he  was  the  author  of  other  works,  among 
which  are  the  Communion  of  Churches; 
The  Harmony  of  the  Gospels;  Dying 
Speeches  of  Several  Indians;  The  Indian 
Primer;  and  Indian  Logic  Primer.  He 
died  May  21,  1690,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 

ELIOT,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  May  31,  1754,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  clergyman  of  Boston,  pastor  of  the 
New  North  Congregational  church  in  1779- 
1813,  and  author  of  the  New  England  Bio 
graphical  Dictionary.  He  was  also  a  mis 
sionary  to  the  Indians;  and  translated  the 
first  Bible  into  the  Indian  dialect,  which 
translation  was  also  the  first  Bible  printed 
in  America.  He  died  Feb.  14,  1813,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

ELIOT,  SAMUEL,  educator,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1821, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  During  1856-64  he  filled 
the  chair  of  history  and  political  science 
in  Trinity  college  of  Hartford,  Conn.; 
was  its  president  in  1860-64;  and  was  a 
lecturer  on  constitutional  law  during  1864- 
74.  For  two  years  he  was  superintendent 
of  the  Boston  public  schools.  He  is  the 
author  of  History  of  Liberty;  Manual  of 
the  United  States  History;  and  Life  and 
Times  of  Savonarola. 

ELIOT,  SAMUEL  AITKINS,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
March  5,  1798,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
mayor  of  Boston  from  1837  to  1839;  and 
a  representative  and  senator  in  the  legis 
lature  for  three  or  four  years.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1850  to 
1851;  and  was  also  treasurer  of  Harvard 
college  for  eleven  years.  He  published 
Observations  on  the  Bible  for  the  Use  of 
Young  Persons;  and  Sketch  of  the  His 
tory  of  Harvard  College.  He  died  Jan.  29, 
1862,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


335 


ELIOT,  THOMAS  DAWES,  was  born 
March  20,  1808,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
served  in  both  houses  of  the  Massachu 
setts  legislature;  was  a  representative  in 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-sixth,  thirty-seventh,  thirty- 
eighth,  thirty-ninth,  and  fortieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.  He  died  June  12, 
1870,  in  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

ELIOT,  WILLIAM  GREENLEAF,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1811, 
in  New  Bedford,  Mass.  He  was  a  unita- 
rian  clergyman  of  St.  Louis,  and  chancel 
lor  of  Washington  university  there  in 
1872-87.  He  was  the  author  of  Doctrines 
of  Christianity;  Early  Religious  Educa 
tion;  Lectures  to  Young  Men;  Lectures 
to  Young  Women;  Discipline  of  Sorrow; 
Manual  of  Prayer;  The  Unity  of  God;  The 
Story  of  Archer  Alexander  from  Slavery 
to  Freedom;  and  Home  Life  and  Influence. 
He  died  Jan.  23,  1887,  in  Pass  Christian, 
Miss. 

ELKINS,  HENRY  ARTHUR,  artist, 
was  born  May  30,  1847,  in  Vershire,  Vt. 
He  removed  to  Chicago  in  1856,  taught 
himself  to  paint,  and  achieved  some  suc 
cess.  Among  his  pictures  are  Mount  Shas 
ta;  The  Thirty-eighth  Star;  Storm  at 
Shasta;  New  Eldorado;  and  Crown  of 
the  Continent.  He  died  July  25,  1884,  in 
Georgetown,  Col. 

ELKINS,  STEPHEN  BENTON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1841,  in  Perry 
county,  Ohio.  He 
was  a  member  of  the 
territorial  legislative 
assembly  of  New 
Mexico  in  1864  and 
1865.  He  held  the 
offices  of  territorial 
district  attorney,  at 
torney-general,  and 
United  States  district 
attorney;  was 
elected  to  the  forty- 
third  congress  as  a 
republican,  and  while 
abroad  was  renominated  and  elected  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress.  After  leaving 
congress  he  removed  to  West  Virginia  and 
devoted  himself  to  business  affairs;  was 
appointed  secretary  of  war  in  1891;  and 
in  1894  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  as  a  republican.  His  term  of  ser 
vice  will  expire  March  3,  1901. 

ELKINS,  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  astrono 
mer,  was  born  April  29,  1855,  in  New  Or 
leans,  La.  He  has  attained  note  as  an 
eminent  astronomer. 

ELKINS,  WILLIAM  LUKENS,  finan 
cier,  was  born  May  2,  1832.  He  went  to 
Philadelphia  and  became  one  of  the  first 
to  engage  in  the  refining  of  crude  oil. 
Several  small  refineries  were  purchased, 
the  Belmont  Oil  works  were  leased  and 
control  of  the  entire  local  industry  of  oil 
refining  had  soon  been  obtained  by  Mr. 
Elkins. 

ELLEDGE,  WILLIAM  MADISON, 
clergyman,  was  born  March  17,  1862,  in 
Perry,  111.  In  1891  he  graduated  from  the 
Fremont  Normal  school,  Nebraska;  and 
in  1896  from  the  Chicago  Theological 
seminary.  For  many  years  he  taught 
school  ;  has  been  editor  of  a  newspaper, 
and  was  at  one  time  a  candidate  for  the 
Nebraska  state  legislature.  He  now  fills 
a  pastorate  in  the  Congregational  church 
at  Overbrook,  Kan. 

ELLENBECKER,  JOHN  G.,  educator, 
college  president,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  29, 
1869,  in  Hancock,  Mich.  When  two  years 
of  age  his  parents  moved  to  Kansas, 
where  he  was  educated,  and  graduated 
from  the  Marysville  High  school  in  1888. 


He  taught  school  for  awhile,  and  subse 
quently  graduated  from  the  scientific  class 
of  the  Kansas  Normal  college,  with  the 
degree  of  B.  S.;  subsequently  receiving 
the  degree  of  B.  A.  He  organized  the 
Modern  Normal  college  of  Marysville, 
Kan.,  of  which  institution  he  is  president. 
Some  of  his  poems  appear  in  Poets  of 
America,  and  other  standard  works. 

ELLERY,  CHRISTOPHER,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1768,  in 
Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1801  to 
1805;  and  in  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  commissioner  of 
loans.  He  was  appointed  collector  of  New 
port  in  1828.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1840,  in  New 
port,  R.  I. 

ELLERY,  FRANK,  naval  officer,  was 
born  July  23,  1794,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He 
commanded  the  steamer  Enterprise  in 
1840,  was  put  on  the  reserved  list  in  1855, 
commanded  the  Boston  rendezvous  again 
in  1861,  and  was  commissioned  commo 
dore  on  the  retired  list  in  1867. 

ELLERY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1727,  in 
Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1776  to  1780, 
and  from  1783  to  1785.  He  was  a  signer 
of  the  declaration  of  independence,  and  al 
so  of  the  articles  of  confederation.  In 
1786  he  was  appointed  commissioner  of 
loans  for  Rhode  Island;  and  was  elected 
chief  justice  of  the  state.  In  1789  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Washington,  col 
lector  of  Newport,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  Feb.  15, 
1820,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

ELLET,  ALFRED  W.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Penn  Manor,  Pa.  He  served  during  the 
civil  war;  and  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  received  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general. 

ELLET,  CHARLES,  soldier,  civil  engi 
neer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1810,  in 
Penn's  Manor,  Pa.  He  was  an  engineer 
of  note  who  built  the  first  wire  suspen 
sion  bridge  in  America.  He  served  during 
the  civil  war  as  a  colonel  in  the  federal 
army,  and  was  killed  in  an  engagement 
on  the  Mississippi.  He  was  the  author  of 
Physical  Geography  of  the  Mississippi 
Valley;  Coast  and  Harbor  Defences;  and 
The  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Rivers,  with 
Plans  for  Protecting  the  Delta  from  Inun 
dation.  He  died  June  21,  1862,  in  Cairo, 
111. 

ELLET,  CHARLES  RIVERS,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1843,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 
He  served  during  the  civil  war  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  died  Oct. 
29,  1863,  in  Bunker  Hill,  111. 

ELLET,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  FRIES 
LUMMIS,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1818, 
in  Sodus  Point,  N.  Y.  She  was  the  author 
of  Domestic  History  of  the  American  Rev 
olution;  Women  of  the  American  Revolu 
tion;  Court  Circles  of  the  Republic; 
Queens  of  American  Society;  Pioneer 
Women  of  the  West;  Novelettes  of  the 
Musicians;  Rambles  in  the  West;  The 
Practical  Housekeeper;  Family  Pictures 
from  the  Bible;  Evenings  at  Woodlawn; 
Poems,  Original  and  Selected;  Teresa 
Contarini,  a  tragedy;  Scenes  in  the  Life 
of  Joanna  of  Sicily;  The  Characters  of 
Schiller;  and  Women  Artists  in  All  Ages. 
She  died  June  3,  1877. 

ELLET,  MARY,  patriot,  was  born  June 
17,  1779,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  has 
been  termed  the  Cornelia  of  America. 
She  won  the  name  by  her  heroic  reply 
to  one  who  sympathized  with  her  in  the 
loss  of  sons  and  grandsons  during  the 
civil  war. 


ELLET,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  chemist, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1806,  in  New  York  city. 
For  his  discovery  of  a  new  and  cheap 
method  of  preparing  gun-cotton  the  legis 
lature  of  South  Carolina  presented  him 
with  a  vote  of  thanks  and  a  pension.  He 
died  Jan.  26,  1859,  in  New  York  city. 

ELLETT,  TAZEWELL,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1856,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.  He  was  presidential  elector  in 
1888  on  the  democratic  ticket;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  democratic  committee  of 
fifty  for  about  twelve  years,  and  during  a 
part  of  the  time  acting  as  a  member  of 
the  executn  e  committee  of  ten.  He  was 
elected  to"  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

ELLICOTT,  ANDREW,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  Jan.  24,  1754,  in  Bucks  county, 
Pa.  In  1790  he  was  employed  by  the  gen 
eral  government  to  survey  and  lay  out 
the  city  of  Washington;  and  in  1792  was 
appointed  surveyor-general  of  the  United 
States.  In  1812  he  became  a  professor  of 
mathematics  at  West  Point.  He  died  Aug. 
29,  1820.  . 

ELLICOTT,  BENJAMIN,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1817  to  1819. 

ELLICOTT,  JOSEPH,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  in  Bucks  county,  Pa.  In  1797  he 
was  employed  by  the  Holland  Land  com 
pany  and  three  years  later  was  appointed 
its  general  agent,  with  a  grant  of  six 
thousand  acres  of  land,  and  five  per  cent, 
commissions  on  the  sale  of  land.  In  1803 
he  located  the  land  office  in  Batavia,  N. 
Y. ;  and  the  surveys  of  the  Holland  Land 
company  were  all  made  in  his  name.  He 
died  Aug.  19,  1826,  in  Batavia,  N.  Y. 

ELLINGTON,  CLARENCE  H.,  farmer, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  22,  1853,  in 
Elberton,  Ga.  He  has  been  state  senator 
of  the  Georgia  legislature;  and  for  two 
years  was  president  of  the  Georgia  State 
Farmers'  alliance. 

ELLINWOOD,  FRANK  FIELDS, 
clergyman,  author.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  secretary  of  the  Presbyterian 
board  of  foreign  missions;  and  the  author 
of  The  Great  Conquest;  and  Oriental  Re 
ligions  and  Christianity.  He  died  in  1826, 
in  New  York. 

ELLINWOOD,  TRUMAN  J.,  educator, 
editor,  was  born  June  11,  1831,  in  Smith- 
field,  N.  Y.  He  has  taught  in  district 
schools  and  in  the 
Brooklyn  Adelphi 
academy  and  high 
schools;  in  the  Mar 
tha's  Vineyard  Sum 
mer  institute,  and  in 
the  Ellinwood  School 
of  Phonography,  of 
which  he  is  proprie 
tor.  For  thirty  years 
he  was  official  re 
porter  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  Ward  Beech- 
er's  Discourses;  and 
since  1887  Mr.  Ellinwood  has  been  trans 
cribing  his  unpublished  shorthand  notes 
of  this  great  preacher's  pulpit  and  other 
utterances;  and  has  caused  to  be  issued 
three  volumes  of  the  same  entitled  A 
Book  of  Prayer;  Bible  Studies;  and 
Metaphors  and  Similes.  He  is  the  editor 
and  owner  of  The  Students'  Journal;  and 
has  contributed  extensively  to  periodical 
literature. 

ELLIOT,  BENJAMIN,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  in  1786,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  was  a  South  Carolina  jurist  who  pub 
lished  Refutation  of  Calumnies  respect 
ing  the  Institution  and  Existence  of  Slav 
ery;  and  The  Militia  System  of  South 
Carolina.  He  died  in  1836. 


336 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY 


ELLIOT,  DANIEL  GIRAUD,  ornitholo 
gist,  author,  was  born  in  18...  He  is  an 
ornithologist  of  Chicago,  at  one  time 
president  of  the  American  Ornithologists' 
union,  and  is  the  author  of  Monograph  of 
the  Pittidse  or  Family  of  the  Ant  Thrush 
es;  The  New  and  Heretofore  Unfigured 
Species  of  the  Birds  of  North  America 
(1869);  The  Life  and  Habits  of  Wild  Ani 
mals;  Classification  and  Synopsis  of  the 
Trochilidae;  and  North  American  Shore 
Birds. 

ELLIOT,  GEORGE  HENRY,  military 
engineer,  author,  was  born  March  31, 1831, 
in  Lowell,  Mass.  He  is  a  military  engi 
neer  in  the  service  of  the  United  States. 
and  the  author  of  European  Light-House 
Systems;  and  The  Presidio  of  San  Fran 
cisco. 

ELLIOT,  GEORGE  THOMSON,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  May  11,  1827,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1857  he  was  chosen 
visiting  physician  of  the  Lying-in  hospit 
al  in  New  York,  and  in  1861  was  elected 
to  fill  the  chair  of  obstetrics  and  diseases 
of  women  and  children  and  of  clinical 
midwifery  in  the  Bellevue  hospital  col 
lege.  His  principal  medical  work  is  El 
liot's  Obstetric  Clinic.  He  died  Jan.  29, 
1871,  in  New  York  city. 

ELLIOT,  HENRY  RUTHERFORD,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1849.  He 
is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  The  Basset  Claim,  a  Story  of 
Life  in  Washington;  and  The  Common 
Chord,  a  Story  of  the  Ninth  Ward. 

ELLIOT,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  senator  in  congress  from  Georgia  from 
1819  to  1825,  serving  on  several  impor 
tant  committees.  He  died  Aug.  9,  1827, 
in  Sunbury,  Ga. 

ELLIOT,  SAMUEL  HAYES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1809  in  Vermont.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  of  New 
Haven;  and  the  author  of  Rolling  Ridge, 
or  the  Book  of  Four-and-Twenty  Chap 
ters;  The  Parish  Side;  Dreams  and  Reali 
ties;  New  England's  Chattels,  or  Life  in 
a  Northern  Poor-House;  and  The  Attrac 
tions  of  New  Haven.  He  died  in  1869. 

ELLIOT,  WILLIAM  HORACE,  geneal 
ogist,  was  born  in  1824  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  compiled  a  Genealogy  of  the 
Eliot  Family.  He  attained  prominence  as 
a  lawyer.  He  died  Dec.  8,  1852,  in  St. 
Croix,  W.  I. 

ELLIOTT,  ANNA,  patriot  of  the  revo 
lution.  American  prisoners  that  were 
brought  into  Charleston  were  aided  and 
relieved  by  her  assiduous  ministrations. 

ELLIOTT,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1792  in  Ireland.  He  was 
a  methodist  clergyman,  and  at  one  period 
was  president  of  Iowa  Wesleyan  universi 
ty.  He  was  the  author  of  Treatise  on  Bap 
tism;  Delineation  of  Roman  Catholicism; 
Life  of  Bishop  Roberts;  History  of  the 
Great  Secession  from  the  Methodist  Epis 
copal  Church;  Political  Romanism;  Rem 
iniscences  of  the  Wyandotte  Mission; 
Southwestern  Methodism;  The  Bible  and 
Slavery;  and  Slnfulness  of  American 
Slavery.  He  died  Jan.  6,  1869,  in  Mount 
Pleasant,  Iowa. 

ELLIOTT.  CHARLES,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1815  in  Scot 
land.  He  was  a  presbyterian  minister, 
professor  of  Hebrew  at  Lafayette  college, 
Easton,  Pa.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Sabbath;  The  Inspiration  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures;  and  Vindication  of  the  Mosaic 
Authorship  of  the  Pentateuch. 

ELLIOTT,  CHARLES  LORING.  paint 
er,  was  born  in  December.  1812,  in  Sci- 
pio,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  successful  portrait 
painter  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  where  he  died 
Aug.  25,  1868. 


ELLIOTT,  CHARLES  WYLLYS,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  27,  1817,  in  Guilford, 
Conn.  He  was  a  New  York  writer,  at  one 
time  a  landscape  gardener  of  note,  and 
the  author  of  The  Book  of  American  In 
teriors;  Pottery  and  Porcelain;  Remark 
able  Characters  and  Places  in  the  Holy 
Land;  Cottages  and  Cottage  Life;  Myste 
ries,  or  Glimpses  of  the  Supernatural;  St. 
Domingo,  its  Revolution  and  its  Hero, 
Toussaint  1'Ouverture;  New  England  His 
tory,  from  its  Discovery  by  the  North 
men;  and  Wind  and  Whirlwind,  a  novel. 
He  died  in  1883. 

ELLIOTT,  EUGENE  STANHOPE,  law 
yer,  journalist,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1842,  in 
Vermilion  county,  111.  In  1868  he  pur 
chased  a  half  interest  in  the  Milwaukee 
Journal  of  Commerce,  and  in  1868  as 
sumed  the  entire  charge.  In  1886  he  was 
nominated  for  the  office  of  city  attorney. 

ELLIOTT,  EZEKIEL  BROWN,  statis 
tician,  author,  was  born  July  16,  1823,  in 
Sweden,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  government 
statistician  of  note,  and  the  author  of 
Unification  of  International  Coinage.  He 
died  in  1888. 

ELLIOTT,  FRANKLIN  REUBEN,  hor 
ticulturist,  author,  was  born  April  27, 
1817,  in  Guilford,  Conn.  He  was  a  horti 
culturist  of  Cleveland,  and  the  author  of 
The  Western  Fruit  Book;  Popular  De 
ciduous  and  Evergreen  Trees;  Handbook 
for  Fruit  Growers;  and  Handbook  of 
Practical  Landscape  Gardening.  He  died 
Jan.  10,  1878,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

ELLIOTT,  GILBERT  MOLLESON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1840,  in  Thompson, 
Conn.  In  April,  1861,  when  Fort  Sumter 
was  fired  upon,  he  unfurled  the  stars  and 
stripes  from  the  college  building,  and  In 
his  address  declared  he  would  defend  his 
country's  honor  with  his  life's  blood.  He 
died  Nov.  24,  1863,  in  Lookout  Mountain, 
Tenn. 

ELLIOTT,  HENRY  WOOD,  artist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1841,  in  Cleve 
land,  Ohio.  He  is  an  artist  in  the  employ 
of  the  Smithsonian  institution,  and  the 
author  of  Monograph  of  the  Seal  Islands 
of  Alaska;  and  Our  Arctic  Provinces. 

ELLIOTT,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  9,  1770,  in  Guilford,  Vt.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Vermont  from  1803  to  1809.  He  died  Nov. 
10,  1830,  in  Newfane,  Vt. 

ELLIOTT,  JAMES  M.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1854,  in  Rome,  Ga. 
In  1889  he  became  president  of  the  Gads- 
den  and  Attalla  Union  railroad. 

ELLIOTT,  JAMES  T.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  April 
22,  1823,  in  Monroe  county,  Ga.  He  was 
chosen  president  of  a  railroad  company 
in  1858;  and  was  elected  a  circuit  judge 
in  Arkansas  in  1866.  He  established  a 
newspaper  at  Camden,  in  that  state,  in 
1867,  called  the  South  Arkansas  Journal; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Arkansas  to  the  fortieth  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy. 

ELLIOTT,  JESSE  DUNCAN,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  July  14,  1782,  in  Maryland. 
In  1804  he  entered  the  navy  as  a  mid 
shipman;  was  in  the  war  with  Great  Brit 
ain;  and  captured  two  armed  British 
brigs.  In  1813  he  succeeded  Perry  in  com 
mand  of  Lake  Erie.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1845, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ELLIOTT,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1768,  in  Clinton,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  minister  at  Mad 
ison,  Conn.,  during  1791-1824,  and  co-au 
thor  with  S.  Johnson  of  the  first  Ameri 
can  dictionary  of  the  English  language. 
He  died  Dec.  17,  1824,  in  Madison,  Conn. 


ELLIOTT,  JOHN  G.,  legislator,  was 
born  Oct.  7,  1850,  in  Alleghany  county,  N. 
Y.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  northern  Indiana  and  at  the 
normal  college  of  Valparaiso.  For  four 
years  he  was  county  recorder  of  Merced 
county,  Cal.,  and  also  its  county  clerk  for 
four  years.  He  is  now  a  member  of  the 
California  state  assembly,  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs. 

ELLIOTT,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  16,  1820,  in  Scott 
county,  Va.  He  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature  in  1847;  and  in  1853  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  congress. 

ELLIOTT,  JONATHAN,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1784  in  Eng 
land.  For  thirteen  years  he  edited  and 
published  the  Washington  Gazette,  and 
was  the  author  of  American  Diplomatic 
Code;  Debate  on  Adoption  of  the  Consti 
tution;  Funding  System  of  the  United 
States;  Statistics  of  the  United  States; 
The  Comparative  Tariffs;  and  Sketches 
of  the  District  of  Columbia.  He  died  in 
1802  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

ELLIOTT,  MRS.  MAUD  (HOWE),  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1855,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  She  is  a  fiction  writer  of  Chicago, 
and  the  author  of  Atalanta  in  the  South; 
Mammon;  A  Newport  Aquarelle;  The  San 
Rosario  Ranch;  Honor;  and  Pnyllida. 

ELLIOTT,  MORTIMER  F.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  24, 
1842,  in  Cherry  Flats,  Pa.  He  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  at  Wellsboro,  Pa.,  and 
in  1870  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
president  judge.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1873; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-eighth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

ELLIOTT,  ROBERT  BROWN,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1842,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  South 
Carolina  in  1868;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  representatives  of  South  Car 
olina  from  1868. to  1870.  In  1869  he  was 
appointed  assistant  adjutant-general, 
which  position  he  held  until  elected  to 
the  forty-second  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress.  He 
died  in  1884,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

ELLIOTT,  ROBERT  WOODWARD 
BARNWELL,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1840,  in 
Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  was  ordained  a  priest 
in  Savannah,  Ga.,  in  1871,  and  in  Novem 
ber  of  that  year  became  pastor  of  St. 
Philip's  church  in  that  city.  In  1874  he 
was  consecrated  missionary  bishop  of 
western  Texas.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1887, 
in  Sewanee,  S.  C. 

ELLIOTT,  SAMUEL  MACKENZIE, 
oculist,  was  born  April  9,  1811,  in  Scot 
land.  In  1835  he  opened  an  office  in  New 
York  city  and  devoted  himself  to  the  cure 
of  eye  diseases.  He  died  May  1,  1875,  in 
Brighton,  N.  Y. 

ELLIOTT,  SARAH  BARNWELL,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  18 — .  She  was  the 
author  of  Jerry;  John  Paget,  a  novel  of 
New  York  and  Newport;  and  The  Fel- 
meres. 

KI.LIOTT,  STEPHEN,  naturalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1771,  in  Beau 
fort,  S.  C.  He  was  a  naturalist  of  South 
Carolina,  and  a  professor  in  the  state 
medical  college.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Botany  of  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia.  He  died  March  28,  1830,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

ELLIOTT,  STEPHEN,  lawyer,  bishop, 
was  born  Aug.  31,  1806,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 
He  practiced  law  in  Charleston  and  Beau 
fort  until  1833.  In  1841  he  was  conse 
crated  protestant  episcopal  bishop  of 
Georgia.  He  died  Dec.  21,  1866,  in  Savan 
nah,  Ga. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


337 


ELLIOTT,  THEODORE  BATES,  law 
yer,  was  born  July  12,  1836,  in  Wayne 
county,  N.  Y.  He  attained  success  as  one 
of  the  most  prominent  lawyers  of  Mil 
waukee  county,  Wis.  He  died  Jan.  11, 
1883,  in  Wisconsin. 

ELLIOTT,  WARREN  G.,  railroad  pres 
ident.  In  1890  he  became  president  of  the 
Wilmington  and  Weldon  railroad;  and 
the  same  year  became  president  of  the 
Petersburg  railroad. 

ELLIOTT,  WILLIAM,  patriot  of  the 
revolution,  was  born  in  1761,  in  Beaufort, 
S.  C.  He  served  in  the  patriot  army 
while  still  a  youth,  and  was  taken  pris 
oner  at  the  surprise  of  John's  Island,  and 
confined  in  the  prison  ship.  He  died  in 
1808,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 

ELLIOTT,  WILLIAM,  author,  was  born 
April  27,  1788,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C.  His 
published  works  include  an  Address  Be 
fore  the  St.  Paul's  Agricultural  Society; 
and  Carolina  Sports  by  Land  and  Water. 
He  was  also  the  author  of  Fiesco,  a  trag 
edy.  He  died  in  February,  1863,  in  Beau 
fort,  S.  C. 

ELLIOTT,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  3,  18S8,  in 
Beaufort.  S.  C.  He  served  as  an  officer 
throughout  the  war  in  the  confederate 
army;  and  in  1866  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  South  Carolina  legislature  and  in- 
tendant  of  Beaufort.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fiftieth  and  fifty-second  congresses; 
received  the  certificate  of  election  to  the 
fifty-first  congress,  but  was  unseated  by 
the  house;  was  given  the  certificate  of 
election  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress,  but 
was  unseated  June  4,  1896,  and  the  seat 
given  to  his  republican  opponent.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

ELLIS,  ABNER,  patriot,  was  born  in 
Dedham,  Mass.  He  represented  that  town 
in  the  provincial  congresses  of  October, 
1774,  and  February  and  May,  1775,  taking 
a  prominent  part  in  the  proceedings. 

ELLIS,  CALEB,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1767, 
in  Walpole,  Mass.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1805  to  1809;  was  a 
member  of  the  council,  and  in  1811  elect 
ed  to  the  state  senate.  In  1812  he  was 
one  of  the  electors  of  president  and  vice- 
president;  and  in  1813  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  New  Hampshire.  He 
died  May  ».  1816. 

ELLIS,  CALVIN,  physician,  was  born 
in  1826,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1863  he  be 
came  adjunct  professor  of  the  theory  and 
practice  of  medicine  in  Harvard,  and  in 
1865  adjunct,  and  in  1867  regular,  profes 
sor  of  clinical  medicine,  which  chair  he 
held  till  his  death.  Among  his  publica 
tions  the  most  important  are  papers  on 
Obstruction  of  Lung,  Caused  by  Pressure 
on  the  Primary  Bronchus;  and  The  Ten 
dency  of  Disease  in  One  Part  to  Excite  it 
in  Another;  and  clinical  lectures  on 
Capillary  Bronchitis.  He  died  Dec.  14, 
1883,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ELLIS,  CHARLES,  founder,  was  born 
Jan.  31,  1800,  in  Muncy,  Pa.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  college  of  phar 
macy  of  Philadelphia,  and  was  its  fourth 
president  from  1854  to  1869.  He  died 
May  16,  1874,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ELLIS,  CHARLES  MAYO,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1818,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  lawyer  of  prom 
inence  as  an  abolitionist,  who  published 
a  History  of  Roxbury.  He  died  Jan.  26, 
1878,  in  Brookline,  Mass. 

ELLIS,  CHESELDEN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1845. 

22 


ELLIS,  EDWARD  SYLVESTER,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  April  11,  1840,  in 
Geneva,  Ohio.  He  was  trustee  and  super 
intendent  of  schools  of  Trenton.  He  is 
the  author  of  thirty  juvenile  works,  and 
still  issues  two  annually.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  two  arithmetics  and  various  other 
educational  works,  and  also  The  Youth's 
History  of  the  United  States,  and  The 
Standard  History  of  the  United  States. 
His  other  works  include  From  the  Throt 
tle  to  the  President's  Chair;  Lost  in 
Samoa;  The  Camp  Fires  of  General  Lee; 
The  Hunters  of  the  Ozark;  The  Last  War 
Trail;  Righting  the  Wrong;  Up  the  Tapa- 
jos;  Down  the  Mississippi;  Life  of  Daniel 
Boone;  and  Storm  Mountain. 

ELLIS,  ELEAZER  HOLMES,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1826,  in  Green 
Bay,  Wis.  He  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace,  alderman  and  mayor  of  Green  Bay, 
Wis.,  of  which  city  he  was  appointed  post 
master  in  1896.  For  eight  years,  during 
1871-79,  he  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court 
of  Wisconsin  in  the  tenth  judicial  cir 
cuit. 

ELLIS,  EZEKIEL  JOHN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1841, 
in  Covington,  La.  He  served  throughout 
the  civil  war  in  the  confederate  army  as 
private  to  captain.  From  1867  until  his 
death  he  practiced  law  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  In  1874  he  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress;  and  received  the  re-elec 
tion  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses  as  a 
democrat.  He  died  April  19,  1889,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

ELLIS,  GEORGE  EDWARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1814,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman 
of  Boston,  who  was  pastor  of  the  Har 
vard  church  in  Charlestown  in  1840-69, 
and  for  many  years  president  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  society.  He  was 
the  author  of  A  Half  Century  of  the  Uni 
tarian  Controversy;  Evidences  of  Chris 
tianity;  The  Red  Man  and  the  White  in 
North  America;  The  Organ  and  Church 
Music;  Aims  and  Purposes  of  the  Found 
ers  of  Massachusetts;  Memoirs  of  Count 
Rumford,  Jared  Sparks,  Jacob  Bigelow, 
Luther  Bell,  and  others;  Lives  of  John 
Mason,  Anne  Hutchinson,  and  William 
Penn,  in  Sparks's  American  Biography; 
and  History  of  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 
The  Puritan  Age  and  Rule  in  the  Colony 
of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  is  his  most  im 
portant  work.  He  died  in  1894. 

ELLIS,  JOHN,  physician,  inventor,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1815,  in  Ashfleld, 
Mass.  He  lectured  for  six  years  in  the 
Homeopathic  Medical  college  of  Cleve 
land,  Ohio,  and  was  professor  of  the  the 
ory  and  practice  of  medicine  for  two 
years  in  the  New  York  Homeopathic  Med 
ical  college.  He  invented  a  process  for 
refining  petroleum;  and  in  1881  purchased 
a  tract  of  land  at  Edgewater,  N.  J.,  and 
constructed  one  of  the  most  complete  oil 
refineries  in  the  world. 

ELLIS,  JOHN  BRECKENRIDGE,  edu 
cator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1870, 
in  Marion  county,  Mo.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Woodland  college,  and 
in  1886  graduated  from  the  Plattsburg 
college.  He  has  filled  the  chair  in  Platts 
burg  college,  in  which  institution  he  is 
now  professor  of  English  literature.  He 
is  the  author  of  several  novels  entitled 
Hand  of  Fire;  The  Flitterfteds;  Mizzouri 
Ville  Sketches;  a  volume  of  poems,  and 
other  works. 

ELLIS,  JOHN  MILLOT,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  July  14,  1793,  in  Keene, 
N.  H.  He  moved  to  Illinois  and  was  pas 
tor  at  Kaskaskia  and  Jacksonville,  where 


he   established   a   female   seminary.     He 
died  Aug.  6,  1855. 

ELLIS,  JOHN  WASHINGTON,  banker, 
was  born  Aug.  15,  1817,  in  Williamsburg, 
Ohio.  When  the  national  bank  act  was 
passed  in  1863,  he  organized  the  First 
National  bank  of  Cincinnati.  The  most 
important  operation  of  his  life  was  the 
resuscitation  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail 
road  company  in  1879-80,  after  the  fail 
ure  under  Jay  Cooke's  management  in 
1873.  Mr.  Ellis  formed  a  syndicate,  which 
took  $40,000,000  of  Northern  Pacific  bonds 
and  finished  the  road  to  the  Pacific. 

ELLIS,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  educator, 
lawyer,  lecturer,  author,  college  president, 
was  born  Dec.  29,  1839,  in  Carthage,  111. 
When  an  infant  he  removed  to  Kentucky; 
and  in  1869  to  Missouri,  where  he  has 
attained  distinction  as  an  able  lawyer, 
being  a  member  for  ten  years  of  the  bar 
at  St.  Louis,  and  subsequently  of  Platts 
burg.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Warsaw  college,  Kentucky;  president  of 
the  Woodland  college,  Missouri,  and  is 
now  president  of  Plattsburg  college,  Mis 
souri.  He  is  author  of  The  Life  Mission, 
a  poem  of  great  merit;  and  translator  into 
English  of  a  metrical  translation  of  The 
Song  of  Solomon.  He  has  conducted 
Chautauqua  assemblies,  and  in  1889  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  that  in 
stitution. 

ELLIS,  JOHN  WILLIS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
governor,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1820,  in 
Rowan,  N.  C.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  commons  of  North  Carolina 
from  1844  to  1848;  and  then  judge  of  the 
superior  courts  of  law  and  equity;  and 
was  governor  of  North  Carolina  from 
1859  until  his  death.  He  died  in  1861,  in 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 

ELLIS,  LOUIS  F.,  soldier,  patriot,  was 
born  July  17,  1843,  in  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y. 
His  grandfather  came  from  England;  was 
a  prominent  whole 
sale  merchant  in 
New  York  city,  120 
years  ago.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  New 
York  city,  and  was 
just  entering  Rut 
gers  college  when 
the  war  broke  out. 
He  went  to  the  front 
in  a  militia  regi 
ment,  and  later  en 
listed  for  three  years 
in  the  one  hundred  and  thirty-first  New 
York  volunteer  infantry,  and  was  rapidly 
promoted  and  commanded  his  company 
in  all  the  engagements  of  his  regiment 
in  the  department  of  the  Gulf.  He  volun 
teered  as  a  member  of  the  Port  Hudson 
Forlorn  Hope  Storming  Column,  and 
was  voted  a  medal  by  congress  for  gal 
lant  and  meritorious  conduct.  He  served 
as  department  commander  of  Ohio  two 
terms;  and  also  as  national  commander 
of  the  union  veterans.  He  has  been  chair 
man  of  the  republican  county  committee; 
a  delegate  to  state  and  national  conven 
tions,  and  received  the  unanimous  en 
dorsement  for  congress.  He  is  connected 
with  the  Standard  Oil  company  at  Lima, 
Ohio. 

ELLIS,  PERRY  CANBY,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1867,  in  Boone 
county,  Ky.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  Woodland  college,  and  in  1885  he 
graduated  from  the  Plattsburg  college. 
He  was  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  St. 
Louis  Star,  Kansas  City  Times  and  the 
Kansas  City  World.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  Political  Handbook,  and  several  short 
stories. 


338 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ELLIS,  POWHATAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  about 
1794,  in  Virginia.  He  became  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  that  state; 
in  1825  was  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  senate,  but  was  displaced 
by  the  legislature.  In  1827,  however,  the 
legislature  elected  him  a  senator  in  con 
gress,  where  he  served  until  1833,  after 
which  he  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  tne  district  of  Mississippi.  In 
1836  he  was  appointed  charge  d'affaires 
to  Mexico;  and  in  1833  minister  to  that 
republic.  He  died  about  1844. 

ELLIS,  RUFUS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  14,  1819,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  lecturer  in  the  Harvard  divinity 
school  in  1869  and  1871,  and  for  several 
years  before  nis  death  was  editor  of  the 
Religious  Monthly  Magazine.  He  died 
Sept.  23,  1885,  in  Kngland. 

ELLIS,  SUMNER,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1828,  in  Massachusetts,  rie 
was  a  universalist  clergyman  of  Boston 
and  Chicago,  and  the  author  of  At  Our 
Best,  and  Other  Essays;  Life  of  E.  H. 
Chapin;  and  Hints  on  Preaching.  He 
died  Jan.  26,  1886,  in  Chicago,  111. 

ELLIS,  THEODORE  GUNVILLE,  civil 
engineer,  soldier,  was  bom  Sept.  25,  1829, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  Prior  to  the  civil  war 
he  was  chief  engineer  of  the  Saratoga 
railroad;  and  had  charge  of  silver  mines 
in  Mexico.  At  Gettysburg  his  regiment 
captured  five  battle  flags  in  a  bayonet 
charge;  and  he  subsequently  attained  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  In  1867  he 
was  surveyor-general  of  Connecticut;  and 
at  the  time  of  his  death  had  charge  of 
the  government  works  on  the  Connecti 
cut  river.  He  died  Jan.  8,  1883,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

ELLIS,  WILLIAM  C.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1823  to  1825. 

ELLIS,  WILLIAM  R.,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  April  23, 
1850,  in  Waveland,  Ind.  He  moved  to 
Oregon  in  1883;  has  lived  in  Heppner 
since  1884;  and  served 'one  term  as  coun 
ty  superintendent  of  schools  and  three 
terms  as  district  attorney  of  the  seventh 
judicial  district  of  Oregon.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

ELLIS,  WILLIAM  T.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  24,  1845,  in  Daviess 
county,  Ky.  He  was  elected  county  at 
torney  of  Daviess  county  in  1870;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1874.  He  was  presi 
dential  elector  for  the  second  congres 
sional  district  in  1876;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

ELLISON,  ANDREW,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Ireland.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Ohio 
from  1853  to  1855. 

ELLISON,  WILLIAM  H.,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1805,  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.  In  1838  he  was  chosen  professor  of 
mathematics  in  Wesleyan  Female  college 
at  Macon;  two  years  later  he  was  elected 
president,  in  which  position  he  remained 
until  1851.  He  died  Dec.  26,  1884,  in 
Clayton,  Ala. 

ELLMAKER.  AMOS,  jurist,  was  born 
Feb.  2,  1787,  in  New  Holland,  Pa.  He  was 
deputy  attorney-general  for  Dauphin 
county  in  1809-12,  and  served  in  the  legis 
lature  in  1812-14.  He  was  appointed 
president  judge  ot  his  judicial  district  in 
1815.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1851,  in  Lancaster, 
Pa. 


ELLMORE,  ALFRED,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  11,  1838,  in  Frankfort,  Ind. 
For  thirty-five  years  he  has  been  a  suc 
cessful  clergyman;  for  twenty  years  was 
field  editor  on  the  American  Christian 
Review;  for  seven  years  co-editor  of  ine 
Cnristian  Leader;  and  since  1892  has  been 
editor  of  the  Gospel  Echo.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  large  number  of  tracts,  and  a 
volume  of  verse,  entitled  Maple  Valley 
Poems. 

ELLSBERRY,  WILLIAM  W.,  physi 
cian,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  18, 
1833,  in  New  Hope,  Ohio.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  county  military  board  of  Brown 
county;  settled  at  Georgetown,  Ohio;  and 
was  three  times  chosen  county  auditor. 
In  1884  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  forty-ninth  congress. 

ELLSWORTH,  CHARLES  C.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1824,  in 
Berkshire,  Vt.  He  was  appointed  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Livingston  county, 
Mich.,  in  1850.  He  moved  to  Montcalm 
county  in  1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives  from  1852 
to  1854.  He  served  two  terms  as  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Montcalm  county;  and 
was  appointed  a  paymaster  in  the  army 
in  1862,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  forty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

ELLSWORTH,  EPHRAIM  ELMER, 
soldier,  was  born  April  23,  1837,  in  Me- 
chanicsville,  N.  Y.  In  1860  he  organized 
a  regiment  of  zouaves,  which  became  re 
nowned  for  the  perfection  of  their  disci 
pline,  and  of  which  he  was  commissioned 
colonel.  He  died  May  24,  1861,  in  Alex 
andria,  Va. 

ELLSWORTH,  ERASTUS  WOLCOTT, 
inventor,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1822, 
in  East  Windsor,  Conn.  He  is  an  in 
ventor  of  Connecticut,  who  published  in 
1855  a  volume  of  poems  of  very  uneven 
excellence,  some  of  which  were  popular 
for  a  time. 

ELLSWORTH,  EUGENE  STAFFORD, 
was  born  Nov.  2,  1848,  in  Milwaukee 
county,  Wis.  He  served  in  the  war  as  a 
drummer  boy  in  the 
company  which  his 
father  commanded. 
He  subsequently  did 
a  very  extensive 
business  in  loaning 
money  for  eastern 
capitalists  on  Iowa 
improved  farms.  In 
1880  he  organized 
the  Cedar  Rapids, 
Iowa  Falls  and 
Northwestern  Land 
and  Town  Lot  com 
pany,  which  purchased  lands  and  town 
sites  for  over  three  hundred  miles  along 
the  Burlington  railroad;  and  he  justly 
claims  to  be  the  founder  of  more  than 
thirty  cities  and  towns  in  Iowa.  He  is 
a  prominent  financier  and  the  president 
of  numerous  business  enterprises.  Ells 
worth  college  of  Iowa  Falls  was  named 
in  his  honor. 

ELLSWORTH,  HENRY  LEAVITT, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1791,  in 
Windsor,  Conn.  He  was  appointed  resi 
dent  commissioner  among  the  Indian 
tribes  in  Arkansas;  and  was  United  States 
commissioner  of  patents  from  1836  to 
1845.  His  reports  to  congress  during  this 
period  added  greatly  to  the  improvement 
of  agriculture.  He  then  settled  in  La 
fayette,  Ind.,  where  he  was  a  purchaser 
of  United  States  land.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Digest  of  Patents  from  1770  to 
1859.  He  died  Dec.  27,  1858,  in  Fair 
Haven,  Conn. 


ELLSWORTH,  HENrtY  W.,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1814,  in  Windsor,  Conn. 
He  moved  to  Indiana  in  1835;  was  coun 
sel  for  S.  F.  B.  Morse  in  some  of  his  suits 
connected  with  telegraph  patents;  and 
was  appointed  charge  d'affaires  to  Swe 
den  in  1845.  He  was  the  author  of 
Sketches  of  the  Upper  Wabash  Valley; 
and  American  Swine  Breeder.  He  died 
August,  1864,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

ELLSWORTH,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  cap 
italist.  He  is  president  of  ihe  Ohio  Coal 
company,  at  St.  Paul,  and  president  of 
the  Cleveland  and  Pittsburgh  Dock  com 
pany,  in  Cleveland. 

ELLSWORTH,  MARY  WIGGINS,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1830,  in  Exeter, 
N.  H.  She  wrote  biographical  articles  for 
Cypress  Leaves,  and  was  the  author  of 
Peace  or  the  Stolen  Will;  An  Hour  with 
the  Children;  Smith's  Saloon;  and  com 
piled  Juvenile  Miscellany.  She  died 
Aug.  12,  1870,  in  Newton,  Mass. 

ELLSWORTH,  OLIVER,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  April  29,  1745, 
in  Windsor,  Conn.  In  1780  he  was  elected 
to  the  council  of 
Connecticut,  and 
was  a  member  of 
that  body  until  1784, 
when  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of 
the  superior  court 
of  that  state;  and  in 
1787  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  con- 
v  e  n  t  i  o  n  which 
framed  the  federal 
constitution.  When 
the  federal  govern 
ment  was  organized,  in  1789,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  senate  from  Connecticut; 
and  in  1796  was  appointed  by  President 
Washington  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States,  but  resigned 
the  office  on  account  of  ill-health  in  1800. 
In  1799  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Adams  envoy  extraordinary  to  France, 
for  the  purpose  of  concluding  a  treaty 
with  that  nation.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1807. 

ELLSWORTH,  SAMUEL  S.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Vermont.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly  in 
1840;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1845  to  1847. 

ELLSWORTH,  WILLIAM  WOLCOTT, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  Nov.  10,  1791,  in  Windsor  coun 
ty,  Conn.  He  was  professor  of  law  m 
Trinity  college;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Connecticut  from  1829 
to  1833.  In  1838  he  was  elected  governor 
of  Connecticut,  and  re-elected  for  four 
years;  and  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Connecticut  for  many  years.  He 
died  Jan.  15,  1868,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

ELLWANGER,  GEORGE,  nurseryman, 
was  born  Dec.  2,  1816,  in  Wurtemberg. 
He  came  to  America  in  1835  and  settled 
in  Rochester,  where  in  1839  he  established 
the  firm  of  Ellwanger  and  Barry  for  the 
raising  of  fruit  and  shade  trees,  shrubs, . 
and  flower  and  foliage  plants.  This  was 
the  pioneer  nursery  of  the  west,  and  be 
ing  located  just  beyond  the  city  limits  on 
the  Mount  Hope  road,  took  the  name  of 
the  Mount  Hope  nursery.  He  built  and 
owns  the  large  Ellwanger  and  Barry  of 
fice  building  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

ELLWANGER,  GEORGE  HERMAN, 
journalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  10, 
1848,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  For  many  years 
he  was  the  editor  of  the  Rochester  Post- 
Express,  and  is  the  author  of  The  Gar 
den's  Story;  The  Story  of  My  House;  In 
Gold  and  Silver;  Idyllists  of  the  Country 
side;  Love's  Demesne;  and  A  Garland  of 
Contemporary  Love  Poems. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


339 


ELLWANGER,  HENRY  BROOKS,  hor 
ticulturist,  author,  was  born  in  1851  in 
New  York.  He  was  a  horticulturist  of 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author  of  The 
Rose,  a  Treatise  on  Cultivation;  and  His 
tory  of  Roses.  He  died  in  1883. 

ELLWOOD,  REUBEN,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1821,  in 
New  York.  He  located  at  Sycamore,  111.; 
engaged  largely  in  manufacturing;  and 
became  president  of  several  manufactur 
ing  companies.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

ELLYSON,  HENRY  KEELING,  jour 
nalist,  legislator,  was  born  July  31,  1823, 
in  Richmond,  Va.  In  1854-55  he  served 
his  native  city  in  the  Virginia  legislature; 
from  1857  till  1865  was  sheriff  of  Henrico 
county;  and  in  1870  was  elected  mayor 
of  Richmond.  He  has  long  been  connect 
ed,  as  associate  proprietor  and  editor, 
with  the  Richmond  Dispatch,  one  of  the 
most  widely  circulated  journals  in  the 
south. 

ELMENDORF,  JOHN  JAMES,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  27,  1827,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman,  and  professor  of  philosophy  in 
Racine  college,  Wisconsin,  in  1867-88,  and 
later  connected  with  the  Western  Theo 
logical  seminary  at  Chicago.  He  was  the 
author  of  Manual  of  Rites  and  Ritual; 
History  of  Philosophy;  Outlines  of  Logic; 
Aspects  of  Modern  Philosophy;  and  Moral 
Philosophy.  He  died  in  1896. 

ELMENDORF,  LUCAS,  was  born  in 
1758.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1797  to  1803; 
a  member  of  the  assembly  of  that  state 
in  1804  and  1805;  and  a  state  senator  from 
1814  to  1817.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1843. 

ELMER,  EBENEZER,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1752,  in  Cedarville,  N.  J.  He  was 
a  field  officer  of  the  revolutionary  war; 
and  also  a  surgeon  in  the  army.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1801  to  1807;  and  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  state  assembly, 
and  was  chosen  speaker.  He  was  also 
for  a  long  time  adjutant-general  of  the 
New  Jersey  militia;  and  during  the  war 
of  1812  commanded  the  troops  on  the 
Delaware.  In  1807  and  1815  he  was  a 
member  and  vice-president  of  the  state 
council;  and  in  1808  was  appointed  col 
lector  of  Bridgeton,  and  held  the  office 
for  many  years.  He  died  Oct.  18,  1843, 
in  Brighton,  N.  J. 

ELMER,  JONATHAN,  physician,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1745,  in 
Fairfield,  N.  J.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
continental  congress;  and  a  senator  in 
congress  under  the  federal  constitution 
from  New  Jersey  from  1789  to  1791.  Dur 
ing  the  war  of  the  revolution  he  was  a 
sheriff,  a  surrogate,  and  a  judge;  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Philosophical  Society  of 
America.  He  died  Sept.  3,  1807,  in  Bur 
lington,  N.  J. 

ELMER,  LUCIUS  QUINTIUS  CINCIN- 
NATUS,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1793,  in  Bridgeton, 
N.  J.  For  many  years  he  was  prosecutor 
for  the  state;  and  was  in  the  assembly 
from  1820  to  1823,  the  last  year  being 
speaker  of  that  body.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from 
1843  to  1845.  In  1852  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  justices  of  the  supreme  court  of  his 
state,  which  office  he  continued  to  hold 
until  1859.  He  was  the  author  of  A  Digest 
of  the  Laws  of  New  Jersey,  commonly 
styled  Nixon's  Digest;  Genealogy  of  the 
Elmer  Family;  History  of  Cumberland 
County;  and  History  of  New  Jersey.  He 
died  March  11,  1883,  in  Bridgeton,  Conn. 


ELMORE,  FRANKLIN  HARPER,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  banker,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1799,  in  Laurens, 
S.  C.  He  was  a  colonel  of  militia;  and 
also  a  trustee  of  the  South  Carolina  col 
lege.  In  1822  he  was  elected  solicitor  of 
the  southern  circuit,  and  was  continued 
in  this  office,  by  re-elections,  until  1837, 
when  he  was  elected  to  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  in  congress,  and  served  until 
1839.  He  was  in  that  year  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  bank  of  the  State  of  South 
Carolina,  which  office  he  held  till  his  ap 
pointment  to  the  United  States  senate  in 
1850,  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  May  29, 

1850,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

ELMORE,  RUSH,  jurist,  was  born 
about  1810  in  Alabama.  He  settled  in 
Kansas;  and  was  appointed  an  associate 
justice  of  the  United  States  court  for  that 
territory,  residing  at  Lecompton. 

ELSBERG,  LOUIS,  physician,  author, 
was  born  April  2,  1836,  in  Iserloin,  Prus 
sia.  He  was  a  physician  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  Laryngoscopal 
Medication;  and  The  Throat  and  Its 
Functions.  He  died  Feb.  1,  1885,  in  New 
York  city. 

ELSHEMUS,  LOUIS  M.,  artist,  poet, 
was  born  in  1864,  in  Laurel  Hill,  N.  J. 
He  has  studied  art  in  New  York  and 
Paris;  and  has  exhibited  paintings  in 
several  art  exhibitions  in  this  country 
and  abroad.  He  has  contributed  to  New 
York  magazines,  and  has  published  two 
volumes  of  verse,  Moods  of  a  Soul;  and 
Songs  of  Spring  and  Blossoms  of  Unre 
quited  Love,  the  latter  issued  with  illus 
trations  by  the  author. 

ELSON,  LOUIS  CHARLES,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  April  17,  1848,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  a  Boston  journalist,  ed 
itor  of  the  Vox  Humana;  and  the  author 
of  History  of  Music;  History  of  German 
Song;  and  Curiosities  of  Music. 

ELTON,  JOHN  PRINCE,  manufacturer, 
legislator,  was  born  April  24,  1809,  in 
Watertown,  Conn.  In  1832  he  went  into 
business  in  Waterbury,  Conn.,  and  in 
1833  his  firm  began  the  manufacture  of 
brass  wire,  being  the  first  in  the  country 
to  take  up  that  industry.  In  1840,  1849, 

1851,  and    1863    he    served    in    the    state 
legislature.     He   died    Nov.    10,    1864,    in 
Waterbury,  Conn. 

ELWELL,  EDWARD  HENRY,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1825,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  Since  1848  he  has  been 
editor  and  manager  of  the  Portland 
Transcript.  He  is  the  author  of  Portland 
and  Vicinity;  The  Boys  of  Thirty-five,  a 
story  of  a  seaport  town;  and  Fraternity 
Papers,  a  volume  of  essays  and  sketches. 

ELWELL,  JOSEPH  C.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Oct.  19,  1850,  in  Milford  Center, 
Ohio.  He  has  served  as  district  attorney 
of  the  third  district  of  Colorado;  and  as 
judge  of  the  district  court  of  the  tenth 
judicial  district  of  Colorado. 

ELWELL,  MARIA  HUNTINGTON,  lec 
turer,  was  born  March  9,  1845,  in  Hadley, 
Mass.  Many  of  her  ancestors  distin 
guished  themselves  in  colonial  and  revo 
lutionary  times — Governor  Samuel  Hunt- 
ington,  signer  of  fhe  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence,  was  one  of  them.  She  attended 
the  best  academies  of  Hadley,  Mass.,  and 
Farmington,  Conn.,  and  subsequently 
taught  in  Cambridge  and  in  Philadel 
phia.  In  1870  she  married  John  D.  El- 
well,  and  has  since  lived  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  She  has  been  president  of  the 
Brooklyn  Woman's  club;  vice-president 
of  the  Christian  Socialist  society;  his 
torian-general  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
Revolution;  secretary  of  the  New  York 
League  of  Unitarian  Women;  and  lecturer 


for  the  American  Humane  Education  so 
ciety. 

ELWYN,  ALFRED  LANGDON,  philan 
thropist,  author,  was  born  July  9,  1804, 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  he  originated  the 
Pennsylvania  Agricultural  Society  and 
Farm  School,  and  was  president  in  1850. 
He  was  president  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Institution  for  Instruction  of  the  Blind; 
Training  School  for  Feeble  Minded  Chil 
dren;  Society  for  Prevention  of  Cruelty 
to  Animals.  He  wrote  Bonaparte;  Glos 
sary  of  Supposed  Americanisms;  Letters 
to  Hon.  John  Langdon  During  and  After 
the  Revolution;  Melancholy  and  Its  Mus 
ings;  and  A  Few  Hints  to  the  City  on  In 
temperance.  He  died  March  15  1884  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ELY,  ALFRED,  lawyer,  congressman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1815,  in  Lyme, 
Conn.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  published  a 
Journal  of  Alfred  Ely,  a  Prisoner  of  War 
in  Richmond. 

ELY,  CHARLES  WRIGHT,  educator, 
soldier,  was  born  March  14,  1839,  in 
Madison,  Conn.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  soldier  during  the  civil  war. 
Since  1870  he  has  been  principal  and  su 
perintendent  of  the  Maryland  state  school 
for  the  deaf. 

ELY,  EZRA  STILES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  13,  1786,  in  Lebanon, 
Conn.  He  was  a  presbyterian  minister  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  Contrast 
Between  Calvinism  and  Hopkinsianism; 
Endless  Punishment;  The  Science  of  the 
Human  Mind;  Sermons  on  Faith;  Visits 
of  Mercy;  Memoir  of  Zebulon  Ely;  The 
Contrast;  and  Ely's  Journal.  He  died 
June  18,  1861,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ELY,  FREDERICK  DAVID,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
horn  Sept.  24,  1838,  in  Wrentham,  Mass. 
At  Dedham,  Mass.,  he  was  a  trial  justice 
from  1867  to  1885;  was  a  representative 
in  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1873; 
and  was  a  state  senator  in  1878  and  1879. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  school  commit 
tee  of  Dedham  from  1882  to  1885;  and  in 
1884  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  forty-ninth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

ELY,  GEORGE  H.,  manufacturer,  bank 
er,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1844, 
in  Elyria,  Ohio.  He  organized  the  Elyria 
Stone  company;  and  is  now  president  of 
the  National  Bank  of  Elyria.  He  has 
served  with  distinction  as  a  state  senator 
in  the  seventy-first  and  seventy-second 
general  assemblies  of  Ohio. 

ELY,  GRISWOLD  LORD,  merchant, 
was  born  Sept.  1,  1842,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1863  he  was  appointed  assistant  pay 
master  in  the  United  States  navy;  and 
in  1875  established  the  cutlery  firm  of 
Ely  and  Wray  of  New  York  city. 

ELY,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1839  to 
1841,  having  previously  served  two  years 
in  the  assembly  of  that  state. 

ELY,  MELVIN  G.,  educator,  journalist, 
lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1865,  in  Beech 
Spring,  Va.  After  receiving  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Cumberland  college  of  Rose 
Hill,  Va.,  he  began  educational  work; 
was  professor  in  Turkey  Cove  seminary 
during  1887-90;  and  the  two  succeeding 
years  was  principal  of  Mt.  Pleasant  high 
school,  Ky.  He  then  entered  journalism 
as  editor  of  the  Weekly  Bulletin  of  Har- 
lan  C.  H.,  Ky. ;  and  is  now  successfully 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Jones- 
ville,  Va. 


340 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ELY,  RICHARD  THEODORE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  13,  1854,  in  Rip- 
ley,  N.  Y.  Since  1892  he  has  been  profes 
sor  of  political  economy  and  director  of 
the  school  of  economics,  political  science 
and  history  in  the  university  of  Wiscon 
sin.  He  is  the  author  of  French  and  Ger 
man  Socialism  in  Modern  Times;  Tne 
Past  and  Present  of  Political  Economy; 
Taxation  in  American  States  and  Cities; 
Problems  of  To-Day ;  Political  Economy; 
Social  Aspects  of  Christianity;  and  Out 
lines  of  Economics. 

ELY,  SMITH,  merchant,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1825,  in  New  Jersey.  He  was 
elected  a  school  trustee;  in  1857  to  the 
state  senate;  and  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  the  forty-second 
and  forty-fourth  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat.  He  died  July  28,  1884. 

ELY,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1805  to  1815.  He  died  in 
1817. 

ELY,  WILLIAM  G.,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1835.  He  served  in  the  civil  war 
and  was  brevetted  a  brigadier-general. 

ELY,  WILLIAM  MATHER,  farmer, 
merchant,  legislator,  was  born  in  1818, 
in  Binghamton,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  sev 
eral  years  president  of  the  state  agricul 
tural  society.  In  1868  he  was  elected  to 
the  legislature,  and  served  till  his  death. 
He  died  Feb.  5,  1872,  in  Binghamton, 
N.  Y. 

ELZEY,  ARNOLD,  soldier,  was  born 
Dec.  18,  1816,  in  Somerset  county,  Md. 
In  1861  he  entered  the  confederate  service 
with  the  rank  of  colonel;  and  was  subse 
quently  promoted  major-general.  He  died 
Feb.  21,  1871,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

EMANUEL,  DAVID,  governor,  was  born 
in  1742.  He  settled  in  Burke  county,  Ga.; 
was  president  of  the  senate;  and  in  1801 
governor  of  Georgia.  He  died  in  i808, 
in  Burke  county,  Ga. 

EMBREE,  ELISHA,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1801,  in 
Lincoln  county,  Ky.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate  of  Indiana;  and  in  1835 
was  chosen  circuit  judge,  which  office  he 
held  for  ten  years.  In  1847  he  was  elect 
ed  representative  in  the  thirtieth  congress 
from  Indiana.  He  died  Feb.  28,  1863,  in 
Princeton,  N.  J. 

EMBRY,  JAMES  CRAWFORD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1834,  in 
Knox  county,  Ind.  He  is  the  author  of 
Condition  and  Prospects  of  the  Colored 
American. 

EMBURY,  MRS.  EMMA  CATHARINE 
MANLY,  poet,  author,  was  born  in  1806, 
in  New  York  city.  She  was  a  writer  of 
poetry  and  prose  whose  home  was  in 
Brooklyn.  Her  various  works  include 
Guido  and  Other  Poems;  The  Blind  Girl 
and  Other  Tales;  The  Waldorf  Family, 
a  Fairy  Tale;  Female  Education; 
Glimpses  of  Home  Life;  Pictures  of  Early 
Life;  Poems;  Token  of  Flowers;  Nature's 
Gems,  or  American  Wild  Flowers;  and 
Love's  Token  Flowers,  a  collection  of 
poems.  She  died  Feb.  10,  1863,  in  New 
York. 

EMERSON,  ALFRED,  archaeologist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1859,  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  an  archaeologist; 
and  professor  at  Cornell  university  since 
1891.  He  is  the  author  of  Dissertatio  de 
Hercule  Homerico. 

EMERSON,  BENJAMIN  KENDALL, 
geologist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1843, 
in  Nashua,  N.  H.  For  many  years  he 
held  the  chair  of  geology  and  mineralogy 
in  Amherst  college,  and  subsequently  be 
came  United  States  geologist.  He  is  the 
author  of  several  works  on  geology. 


EMERSON,  BROWN,  clergyman,  was 
born  Jan.  8,  1778,  in  Ashby,  Mass.  He 
was  ordained  in  1805  as  Dr.  Daniel  Hop 
kins'  colleague  in  the  pastorate  of  the 
old  South  church  of  Salem,  where  he  re 
mained  tilf  his  death,  being  sole  pastor 
from  1816  till  1849.  He  died  July  25, 
1872,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

EMERSON,  CHARLES  FRANKLIN, 
educator,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1843,  in 
Chelmsford,  Mass.  In  1869  he  became  in 
structor  in  mathematics  in  the  college 
proper,  and  in  1872  associate  professor  of 
natural  philosophy,  succeeding  in  1878 
to  full  possession  of  that  chair.  His  work 
has  consisted  largely  in  the  development 
of  the  physical  laboratory  in  Dartmouth, 
for  which  purpose  he  traveled  extensively 
through  Europe  during  1883-84. 

EMERSON,  CHARLES  NOBLE,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1821,  in 
Massachusetts.  He  was  a  Massachusetts 
lawyer,  commissioner  of  revenue,  who 
published  Internal  Revenue  Guide;  and 
Handbook  of  Internal  Revenue  for  Popu 
lar  Use.  He  died  April  15,  i869,  in  New 
York  city. 

EMERSON,  EDWARD  WALDO,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1844,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  an  instructor  in  art  anat 
omy,  living  at  Concord,  Mass.,  and  the 
author  of  Emerson  in  Concord. 

EMERSON,  MRS.  ELLEN  RUSSELL, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1837,  in  New 
Sharon,  Maine.  She  is  the  author  of  In 
dian  Myths;  and  has  always  taken  deep 
interest  in  Indian  history.  Her  latest 
work  is  entitled  Masks,  Heads,  and  Faces, 
with  Some  Considerations  Respecting  the 
Rise  and  Development  of  Art. 

EMERSON,  FREDERICK,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1788,  in  Hamp- 
stead,  N.  H.  He  was  a  prominent  Bos 
ton  educator,  and  superintendent  of 
schools,  who  published  a  series  of  popu 
lar  arithmetics,  chief  among  which  was 
the  North  American  Arithmetic.  He  died 
in  1857,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

EMERSON,  FREEMAN  O.,  merchant 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1855,  in  Gor- 
ham,  N.  H.  He  is  a  successful  merchant 
of  Boston,  Mass.;  was  a  member  of  the 
city  council  during  1894-96;  and  in  1897 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  state  legislature. 

EMERSON,  GEORGE  BARRELL,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1797,  in 
Kennebunk,  Maine.  He  was  an  educator 
of  Boston,  of  much  prominence  and  wide 
influence,  and  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
Education;  The  School  and  the  School 
master  (with  A.  Potter) ;  Manual  of  Agri 
culture  (with  C.  L.  Flint);  Report  on 
the  Trees  and  Shrubs  of  Massachusetts; 
and  Reminiscences  of  an  Old  Teacher. 
He  died  March  14,  1881,  in  Newton,  Mass. 

EMERSON,  IRVING,  composer,  was 
born  Nov.  4,  1842,  in  Brighton,  Maine. 
He  is  chorus  director  and  supervisor  of 
music  in  the  public  schools  of  Hartford. 
Conn.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
anthems;  a  few  songs  and  piano  pieces; 
and  several  singing  books  for  public 
schools. 

EMERSON,  JAMES  E.,  machinist,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1823,  in  Maine. 
For  many  years  he  manufactured  edge 
tools  in  Trenton,  N.  J. ;  and  received 
large  contracts  for  swords  and  sabres 
from  the  government  during  the  civil 
war.  He  afterward  became  superintend 
ent  of  the  American  Saw  company,  which 
was  organized  to  manufacture  his  cir 
cular  saws  with  movable  teeth.  He  also 
invented  a  combined  anvil,  shears  and 
punching  machine;  and  other  mechan 
ical  appliances. 


EMERSON,  JOHN  SMITH,  missionary, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1800,  in  Chester, 
N.  H.  He  published  five  volumes  of  ele 
mentary  works,  three  of  which  were  in 
the  Hawaiian  language.  He  also  pub 
lished  an  English-Hawaiian  Dictionary. 
He  died  March  28,  1867,  in  the  Sandwich 
Islands. 

EMERSON,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  in  1777,  in  Hollis, 
N.  H.  He  established  an  academy  at  By- 
fleld,  Mass.;  wrote  Lectures  on  the  Millen 
nium;  Lectures  on  Pollock's  Course  of 
Time;  and  an  edition  of  Watts  on  the 
Mind.  He  died  May  14,  1833,  in  Weathers- 
field,  Conn. 

EMERSON,  LUTHER  ORLANDO,  mu 
sician,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1820,  in  Parsons- 
field,  Maine.  He  has  written  and  com 
piled  many  collections  of  church  music. 
Among  them  The  Romberg  Collection; 
The  Golden  Wrea'th;  The  Golden  Harp; 
The  Sabbath  Harmony;  The  Harp  of 
Judah;  Merry  Chimes;  Jubilate;  and  sun 
dry  other  collections. 

EMERSON,  PHILIP  H.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1834,  in 
Danby,  Vt.  He  was  city  attorney  of 
Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  from  1865  to  1873; 
trustee  and  president  of  school  board 
from  1868  to  1873;  served  in  the  state 
senate;  and  United  States  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Utah  from 
1873  to  1885. 

EMERSON,  RALPH,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1787,  in 
Hollis,  N.  H.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman,  professor  in  Andover  Theo 
logical  seminary  in  1829-53,  and  author  of 
Life  of  Joseph  Emerson;  and  translation 
of  Wisgon's  Augustinianism  and  Pelag- 
ianism.  He  died  May  20,  1863,  in  Rock- 
ford,  111. 

EMERSON,  RALPH  WALDO,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  May  25, 
1803,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  the  most 
distinguished  o  f 
American  essayists, 
and  by  some  critics 
ranked  as  the  fore 
most  American  poet 
when  the  substance 
of  his  poetry  is  con 
sidered  apart  from 
its  form.  He  was 
ordained  in  1829  as 
a  Unitarian  minister 
in  Boston,  but  re 
tired  from  the  pro 
fession  in  1833,  and 
the  next  year  settled  in  Concord,  Mass., 
where  the  remainder  of  his  life  was  spent. 
He  succeeded  Margaret  Fuller  as  editor 
of  The  Dial,  and  was  the  most  prominent 
figure  among  the  transcendental  ists.  As 
a  lecturer  he  was  frequently  before  the 
public,  and  in  his  writings  faced  a  world 
wide  public  as  a  philosophical  thinker. 
His  first  volume  of  poems  appeared  in 
1847,  followed  in  1867  by  May-Day  and 
Other  Pieces.  His  prose  writings  are 
comprised  in  Nature;  Essays,  first  and 
second  series;  Representative  Men;  Eng 
lish  Traits;  Conduct  of  Life;  Society  and 
Solitude;  Letters  and  Social  Aims;  Lec 
tures  and  Biographical  Sketches;  Miscel 
lanies;  and  Natural  History  of  Intellect, 
and  Other  Papers.  He  died  April  27,  1882. 
EMERTON,  EPHRAIM,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1851  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  professor  of  history  at  Harvard  uni 
versity,  and  the  author  of  Introduction  to 
the  Study  of  Mediaeval  History;  Synopsis 
of  the  History  of  Continental  Europe; 
The  Practical  Method  in  Higher  Histori 
cal  Instruction;  Sir  William  Temple  and 
die  Tripleallianz  vom  Jahre,  1668;  and 
Mediaeval  Europe. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


341 


EMERTON,  JAMES  HENRY,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1847  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  is  a  naturalist  of  eminence, 
and  the  author  of  Structure  and  Habits 
of  Spiders;  and  Life  on  the  Seashore. 

EMERY,  BRAINERD  P.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  March  25,  1865,  in 
Southport,  Conn.  He  is  the  author  of  In 
Sunshine  and  Shadow;  and  In  the  Haunts 
of  Bloom  ana  Bird. 

EMERY,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  civil 
engineer.  He  has  invented  numerous  ap 
pliances  for  the  use  of  civil  engineers. 

EMERY,  GEORGE  ADDISON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  in  November, 
1839,  in  Saco,  Maine.  He  has  been  jus 
tice  of  the  peace,  commissioner  for  Mas 
sachusetts,  judge  of  the  municipal  court 
and  recorder  and  trial  justice.  He  has 
represented  Saco  in  the  state  legislature. 

EMERY,  GEORGE  W.,  governor,  was  a 
citizen  of  Tennessee.  In  1875  he  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  Utah,  serving  until 
1880. 

EMERY,  LEWIS,  petroleum  producer, 
was  born  in  1839,  in  Cherry  Creek,  N.  Y. 
In  advance  of  oil  development  in  Brad 
ford,  Pa.,  he  leased  about  fourteen  thou 
sand  acres  of  land.  Sinking  the  first 
well  at  Toad  Hollow,  two  miles  south  of 
the  present  city  of  Bradford,  in  1875,  he 
obtained  a  flow  of  forty  barrels  of  oil  per 
day. 

EMERY,  MATTHEW  GAULT,  archi 
tect,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1818,  in  Pem 
broke,  N.  H.  He  is  a  well-known  archi 
tect  of  New  York  city.  Prom  1845  he 
has  been  identified  as  incorporator,  di 
rector  or  officer  in  nearly  all  the  fire  and 
life  insurance  companies  organized  in 
Washington. 

EMERY,  ORIN  C..  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  19,  1860,  in  Compton,  111. 
In  1896  he  was  elected  a  representative 
in  the  Oregon  state  legislature.  He  is  the 
editor  of  the  Yamhill  Independent  of 
Newburg,  Ore.,  and  has  attained  promi 
nence  in  the  political  affairs  of  his  state. 

EMMERTON,  JAMES  ARTHUR,  gene 
alogist,  physician,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
28,  1834,  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  is  a  New 
England  genealogist  and  physician,  and 
the  author  of  Eighteenth  Century  Bap 
tisms  in  Salem,  Massachusetts:  Record  of 
the  23d  Massachusetts  Regiment;  and 
Materials  towards  an  Emmerton  Genealo 
gy. 

EMMET,  EMMA,  artist,  was  born  in 
1854.  She  has  attained  national  promi 
nence  as  an  artist. 

EMMET,  JOHN  T.,  Roman  catholic 
priest,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1854,  in  Pitts- 
town,  N.  Y.  In  1890  he  was  appointed 
pastor  of  St.  Mary's  church  of  Waterford, 
N.  Y. 

EMMET,  JOSEPH  KLINE,  actor,  was 
born  March  13,  1841,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He 
visited  in  Australia  in  1877,  and  in  Eu 
rope  in  1881  and  1885,  in  the  latter  year 
fulfilling  engagements  in  England,  Ire 
land  and  Scotland.  His  final  appearance 
on  the  stage  was  made  in  the  spring  of 
1891.  He  died  June  15,  1891,  in  Cornwall- 
on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

EMMET,  ROSINA,  artist.  She  received 
a  first  prize  medal  in  London  in  1878,  for 
heads  on  china.  She  has  illustrated  a 
book  for  children,  entitled  Pretty  Peggy, 
collecting  and  arranging  for  it  the  poems 
and  music,  ana  Mrs.  Burton  Harrison's 
Old  Fashioned  Tales. 

EMMET,  THOMAS  ADDIS,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  24,  1764,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  an  Irish  patriot  who  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1804  and  settled  in  New 
York  city,  where  he  practiced  law.  He  is 
the  author  of  Pieces  of  Irish  History.  He 
died  Nov.  14,  1827,  in  New  York  city. 


EMMET,  THOMAS  ADDIS,  civil  engi 
neer,  author,  was  born  June  4,  1818,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1858  he  was  appointed 
by  the  North  Carolina  legislature  to  con 
duct  the  geological  survey  of  that  state. 
He  published  valuable  reports  in  connec 
tion  with  the  surveys  of  New  York  and 
North  Carolina;  A  Manual  of  Mineralogy 
and  Geology;  and  American  Geology. 

EMMET,  THOMAS  ADDIS,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  May  29,  1828, 
in  Virginia.  He  is  a  physician  and  sur 
geon  of  New  York  city,  whose  chief  work 
is  The  Principles  and  Practice  of  Gyne- 
cology. 

EMMETT,  H.  HUNTINGDON,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1852,  in 
the  state  of  Maine.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  schools  of  Maine  and  New 
Hampshire;  and  has  filled  pastorates  in 
New  York,  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania.  He 
has  attained  distinction  as  a  popular  ora 
tor;  and  his  lectures  on  the  North  Amer 
ican  Indian  and  other  subjects  have  gain 
ed  for  him  a  national  reputation  as  one 
of  the  most  fluent,  dramatic  and  cultured 
men  on  the  platform.  He  has  been  grand 
worthy  patriarch  of  the  Sons  of  Temper 
ance  of  western  New  York;  and  grand 
chaplain  of  the  Independent  Order  of 
Good  Templars  of  the  state  of  Ohio. 

EMMONS,  EBENEZER,  geologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  16,  1799,  in  Middle- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  a  noted  geologist  who 
in  the  latter  part  of  his  life  was  attached 
to  the  state  geological  survey  of  North 
Carolina.  He  was  the  author  of  Manual 
of  Mineralogy  and  Geology;  and  Ameri 
can  Geology.  He  died  Oct.  1,  1863,  in 
Brunswick,  N.  C. 

EMMONS,  GEORGE  FOSTER,  naval 
officer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1811,  in 
Clarendon,  Vt.  He  was  a  rear-admiral  in 
the  United  States  service  who  wrote  The 
Navy  of  the  United  States  from  1775  to 
1853.  He  died  July  2,  1884,  in  Princeton, 
N.  J. 

EMMONS,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  20,  1745,  in  East 
Haddam,  Conn.  He  was  a  once  noted 
congregational  minister  at  Franklin, 
Mass.,  in  1773-1840.  His  theological  works 
in  six  volumes,  with  Memoir  by  J.  Ide, 
appeared  in  1842.  He  died  Sept.  23,  1840. 

EMMONS,  SAMUEL  FRANKLIN,  ge 
ologist,  author,  was  born  March  29,  1841, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  geologist  in 
government  service,  and  the  author  of 
Descriptive  Geology;  Geological  and  Min 
ing  Industries  of  Leadville;  and  Statistics 
and  Technology  of  the  Precious  Metals. 

EMMONS,  WILLIS  TALMON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1858,  in  Bidde- 
ford,  Maine.  He  graduated  from  the  law 
school  of  Harvard  university,  and  has  at 
tained  success  in  his  profession  at  Saco, 
Maine.  He  has  been  city  auditor;  was 
mayor  for  three  terms;  and  during  1883- 
91  was  judge  of  the  municipal  court.  Dur 
ing  1891-95  he  was  deputy  collector  of 
customs,  port  of  Portland,  Maine;  and 
since  1894  has  been  county  attorney  of 
York  county. 

EMORY,  JOHN,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  April  11,  1789,  in  Queen  Anne  coun 
ty,  Md.  He  was  a  methodist  bishop  of 
prominence  in  his  denomination,  and  the 
author  of  The  Divinity  of  Christ  Vindica 
ted;  and  Defence  of  Our  Fathers.  He 
died  Dec.  17,  1835,  in  Reisterstown,  Md. 

EMORY,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  July  29,  1814,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  the  president 
of  Dickinson  college  of  Carlisle,  Pa.,  in 
1842-48.  He  was  the  author  of  Life  of 
Bishop  Emory;  and  History  of  the  Dis 
cipline  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  He  died  May  18,  1848,  in  Balti 
more,  Md. 


EMORY,  WILLIAM  HELMSLEY,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1811,  in 
Queen  Anne  county,  Md.  He  was  an  army 
officer  who  retired  from  the  United  States 
service  in  1876  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general,  and  was  the  author  of  Notes  of  a 
Military  Reconnoissance  in  Missouri  and 
California,  1848;  and  Report  on  the  Unit 
ed  States  and  Mexican  Boundary  Commis 
sion.  He  died  Dec.  1,  1887,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

EMORY,  WILLIAM  HELMSLEY,  naval 
officer,  graduated  at  the  United  States 
naval  academy  in  1866;  became  master  in 
1869;  lieutenant  in  1870;  and  in  1884 
commanded  the  Bear  of  the  Greely  relief 
expedition. 

EMOTT,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  14,  1771,  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  distin 
guished  member  of  the  bar;  under  the  old 
constitution  of  New  York,  for  several 
years,  filled  the  office  of  first  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  for  his  county, 
and  in  that  capacity  gave  that  court  a 
rank  among  the  best  of  the  state.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  his  na 
tive  state  from  1809  to  1813;  and  under 
the  constitution  of  1821  was  appointed 
judge  for  the  second  district.  He  died 
April  7,  1850,  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

EMOTT,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  April  23,  1823,  in  Poughkeepsie,  N. 
Y.  In  1854-55  he  served  as  the  first  may 
or  of  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  He  then  be 
came  justice  of  the  New  York  supreme 
court  for  the  second  judicial  district; 
was  appointed  presiding  judge  in  1852; 
and  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  in  1863. 
He  died  Sept.  11,  1884,  in  Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y. 

EMPIE,  ADAM,  college  president,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1785,  in  Sche- 
nectady,  N.  Y.  In  1827  he  was  elected 
president  of  William  and  Mary  college, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  1836. 
He  resigned  the  presidency  to  become 
rector  of  St.  James'  church  in  Richmond, 
Va.  He  died  Nov.  6,  1860,  in  Wilming 
ton. 

EMRIE,  J.  REECE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  that  state  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress. 

EMSWILER,  GEORGE  P.,  merchant, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1835,  in  York, 
Pa.  Since  his  youth  he  has  been  employed 
in  various  capaci 
ties—as  dry  goods 
clerk,  bank  clerk, 
school  teacher, 
freight  and  ticket 
agent;  and  for 
twelve  years  was 
I  proprietor  of  a 
WJf  I  wholesale  and  retail 

I  business,  in  which 
he  has  been  emi 
nently  successful. 
He  has  a  most  ex 
tensive  collection  of 
coins;  and  a  large  collection  of  mound 
builders'  relics  which  he  donated  to 
Eastham  college  of  Richmond,  Ind.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  Poems 
and  Sketches;  and  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  periodical  literature. 

ENDICOTT,  CHARLES  MOSES,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1793  in  Danvers,  Mass. 
He  was  a  writer  of  Salem,  Mass.,  who  was 
at  one  time  commander  of  a  merchant 
man,  and  the  author  of  Life  of  John  En- 
dicott;  The  Persian  Poet,  a  tragedy; 
Rights  and  Duties  of  Nations;  and  Three 
Orations.  He  died  in  Ia63  in  Northamp 
ton,  Mass. 


342 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ENDICOTT,  JOHN,  governor,  was 
born  in  1588,  in  England.  He  became 
governor  of  the  Massachusetts  colony  in 
1644.  He  died  March  15,  1665,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

ENDICOTT,  WILLIAM  CROWNIN- 
SHIELD,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov. 
19,  1827,  in  Salem,  Mass.  In  1873  he  was 
appointed  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  judicial  court  of  Massachusetts, 
which  office  he  held  until  1882,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  the  democratic  candi 
date  for  governor  of  that  state  in  1884, 
and  was  defeated;  and  in  1885  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  war  in  the  cabinet 
of  President  Cleveland. 

ENDRESS,  CHRISTIAN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  March  12,  1775,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lutheran  clergy 
man  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  who  published  in 
German  The  Kingdom  of  Heaven  not 
Susceptible  of  Union  with  Temporal  Mon 
archy  and  Aristocracy.  He  died  Sept.  30, 
1827,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

ENGELHARD.  JOSEPH  ADOLPHUS, 
soldier,  journalist,  was  born  Sept.  27, 
1832,  in  Monticello,  Miss.  He  entered  the 
confederate  army  as  captain  and  quar 
termaster  in  1861,  and  in  1862  was 
promoted  to  be  major  and  quartermaster 
of  Branch's  brigade.  He  became  the  ed 
itor  of  the  Wilmington  Journal  in  1865, 
and  was  afterward  elected  secretary  of 
state,  which  office  he  held  till  his  death. 
He  died  Feb.  17,  1879,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

ENGELHARDT,  FRANCIS  ERNEST, 
chemist,  was  born  June  23,  1835,  in  Han 
over.  In  1886  he  became  chemist  to  the 
Genesee  Salt  company,  and  is  one  of  the 
experts  for  the  state  board  of  health. 

ENGELMANN,  GEORGE,  physician, 
botanist,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1809,  in  Ger 
many.  He  made  a  specialty  of  botany; 
and  a  list  of  his  botanical  papers  num 
ber  about  one  hundred  titles.  His  bo 
tanical  collection  was  given  to  Shaw's 
Botanical  garden;  and  his  gift  led  to  the 
founding  of  the  Shaw  School  of  Botany  as 
a  department  of  the  Washington  univer 
sity  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  died  Feb.  11, 
1884,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

ENGELMANN,  GEORGE  JULIUS,  phy- 
sycian,  author,  was  born  July  2,  1847,  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  a  St.  Louis  physi 
cian,  founder  of  the  Polyclinic  School  of 
Medicine  in  that  city,  and  the  author  of 
Labor  among  Primitive  Peoples,  or  the 
Development  of  Obstetric  Science. 

ENGLAND,  JOHN,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  23,  1786,  in  Ireland.  He  was 
a  Roman  catholic  prelate  who  was  ap 
pointed  bishop  of  Charleston  in  1820,  and 
came  to  America  in  that  year.  He  is  the 
author  of  Letters  on  Slavery.  He  died 
April  11,  1842,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

ENGLE,  FREDERICK,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1799  in  Delaware  county,  Pa. 
In  1814  he  entered  the  navy  as  a  mid 
shipman  and  was  retired  in  1866  as  rear 
admiral.  Prior  to  his  death  he  was  gov 
ernor  of  the  naval  asylum.  He  died  Feb. 
12,  1868,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ENGLE,  PERRY,  physician,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  July  16,  1841.  in  Ben- 
ton  Ridge,  Ohio.  He  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  state  senate;  and  was  presi 
dent  of  the  National  Liberty  league. 

ENGLES,  WILLIAM  MORRISON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1797,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
minister  of  Philadelphia,  for  many  years 
editor  of  The  Presbyterian,  and  author  of 
Records  of  the  Presbyterian  Church;  En 
glish  Marty rology;  Sick-Room  Devotion; 
Bible  Dictionary;  Sailor's  Companion; 
and  Soldier's  Pocket  Book.  He  died  Nov. 
27,  1867. 


ENGLISH,  CHARLES  J.,  journalist, 
clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1855,  in  No- 
dana  county,  Mo.  Since  1886  he  has  been 
a  clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Col- 
fax,  Iowa.  He  has  filled  various  offices 
in  the  Iowa  State  Epworth  league,  and 
served  one  year  as  its  president. 

ENGLISH,  EARL,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Feb.  18,  1824,  in  Crosswick,  N.  J. 
He  was  commissioned  captain  in  1871, 
commodore  in  1880,  and  rear  admiral  in 
1884,  at  which  time  he  resigned  the  office 
of  chief  of  the  bureau  of  equipment  and 
recruiting,  which  he  had  held  for  six 
years.  He  then  took  command  of  the 
European  station,  and  was  retired  in  1886. 

ENGLISH,  GEORGE  BETHUNE,  ad 
venturer,  author,  was  born  March  7, 
1787,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  ver 
satile  adventurer  who  wrote  The  Grounds 
of  Christianity  Examined,  which  was  an 
swered  by  Edward  Everett,  and  this 
brought  a  rejoinder  from  English  enti 
tled  Five  Smooth  Stones  Out  of  the 
Brook.  He  published  also  Narrative  of 
the  Expedition  to  Dongola  and  Sennaar. 
He  died  Sept.  20,  1828,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

ENGLISH,  JAMES  EDWARD,  manu 
facturer,  merchant,  congressman,  gover 
nor,  was  born  March  13,  1812,  in  New  Ha 
ven,  Conn.  In  1855  he  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  Connecticut;  in  1856 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  and  de 
clined  a  re-election.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  his  native  state  to 
the  thirty-seventh  congress,  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Connecticut  in  1867, 
1868,  and  1870;  and  in  1875  was  appointed 
a  senator  in  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

ENGLISH,  JOSIAH  GIBERTON,  sol 
dier,  clergyman,  poet,  was  born  in  No 
vember,  1838,  in  Williamstown,  N.  Y.  He 
served  as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil 
war.  He  has  filled  a  pastorate  in  Xenia, 
Ohio;  and  is  the  author  of  a  law  text 
book  entitled  The  Origin  and  End  of  Civil 
Government;  a  novel;  and  a  volume  of 
poems. 

ENGLISH,  ROBERT  BRECKEN- 
RIDGE,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Dec.  30,  1853,  in  Jersey  county,  111.  He 
is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Hardin,  111.;  and 
in  1897  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Illi 
nois  state  legislature. 

ENGLISH,  THOMAS  DUNN,  lawyer, 
physician,  congressman,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  June  29,  1819,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  For  several 
years  he  practiced 
medicine;  and  In 
1842  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  In  1844  he 
edited  a  daily  paper 
in  New  York;  and 
since  that  time  has 
principally  been  en 
gaged  in  journalism 
and  authorship  in 
Newark,  N.  J.  In 
1863-64  he  served  in 
the  New  Jersey  leg 
islature;  and  was  subsequently  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses 
as  a  democrat.  His  principal  novels  are 
Walter  Wolf;  Ambrose  Fecit;  and  Jacob 
Schuyler's  Millions.  His  poems  have  been 
published  in  volumes  known  as  American 
Ballads;  Boys'  Book  of  Battle  Lyrics; 
and  Select  Poems;  and  also  a  collection 
of  his  fairy  tales  called  Once  Upon  a 
Time.  His  song  of  Ben  Bolt,  written  In 
1843,  has  achieved  world-wide  renown; 
and  his  patriotic  ballad  of  1860-64  at 
tracted  much  attention. 


ENGLISH,  WARREN  B.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  May  1, 
1846,  in  Charlestown,  Va.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  army.  He  afterward 
moved  to  Oakland,  Cal.;  and  in  1877  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  board  of  super 
visors  of  Contra  Costa  county,  and  served 
four  years.  He  was  elected  state  sena 
tor  in  1882;  in  1884  was  a  delegate  to  the 
national  democratic  convention  in  Chi 
cago;  and  subsequently  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

ENGLISH,  WILLIAM  E.,  business  man, 
legislator,  author,  is  a  son  of  William  H. 
English,  statesman  and  historian,  and 
was  born  Nov.  3, 
1854,  in  Lexington, 
Ind.  Since  his  child 
hood  he  has  resided 
in  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
where  he  controls 
large  financial  inter 
ests,  being  the  own 
er  of  English's  Op 
era-house,  English's 
hotel,  English's  block 
and  numerous  other 
buildings.  In  1878 
he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Indiana  state  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1882  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  in  the  United  States  congress.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democrat 
ic  conventions  of  1892  and  1896.  He  is 
park  commissioner  of  the  city  of  In 
dianapolis.  He  is  the  author  of  The  His 
tory  of  Early  Masonry  in  Indiana,  and 
various  other  works. 

ENGLISH,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer, 
statesman,  historian,  financier,  was  born 
Aug.  27,  1822,  in  Lexington,  Ind.  He  was 
secretary  of  the  In 
diana  constitutional 
convention  in  1850; 
speaker  of  the  In 
diana  house  of  rep 
resentatives  in  1851; 
a  member  of  the 
United  States  con 
gress  during  1852-60; 
and  in  1880  was  the 
democratic  nominee 
for  vice-president  of 
the  United  States. 
For  fourteen  years 
he  was  president  of  the  First  National 
bank  of  Indianapolis;  was  president  of 
the  Indiana  Historical  society;  and  the 
author  of  the  noted  work  entitled  Con 
quest  of  the  Northwest  and  History  of 
Indiana.  He  died  Feb.  7,  1896,  in  In 
dianapolis,  Ind. 

ENLOE,  BENJAMIN  AUGUSTINE, 
lawyer,  journalist,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  18,  1848,  in  Clarksburg,  Tenn. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of 
representatives  of  the  general  assembly  of 
the  state,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years; 
and  re-elected  under  the  new  constitution 
of  1870.  He  was  president  of  the  Tennes 
see  Press  association  in  1883-84:  and  ed 
ited  the  Jackson  Tribune  and  Sun  from 
1874  till  1886.  He  was  elected  to  the  fif 
tieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

ENNEKING,  JOHN  JOSEPH,  artist, 
was  born  Oct.  4,  1841,  in  Minster,  Ohio. 
Among  his  notable  works  are  November 
Twilight;  Winter  Twilight;  Summer  Twi 
light;  Cloudy  Day  in  Summer;  The  Com 
ing  Storm;  and  Indian  Summer. 

ENOCHS,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  29, 
1842,  in  Middleburg,  Ohio.  He  served 
through  the  civil  war  as  private,  corporal, 
sergeant,  lieutenant,  captain,  lieutenant- 
colonel,  colonel,  and  brevet  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  republican. 
He  died  July  13,  1893,  in  Ironton,  Ohio. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


343 


ENDS,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  law 
yer,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1851,  in  Defiance, 
Ohio.  He  attended  the  union  schools  of 
his  native  city,  and  graduated  from  the 
business  college  of  Toledo,  Ohio.  In  1873 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  was  elected 
city  solicitor  of  Defiance  in  1879,  and 
held  that  position  for  eight  successive 
terms;  and  in  1880  was  elected  as  prose 
cuting  attorney,  which  position  he  filled 
with  distinction  for  two  terms. 

ENSOR,  THOMAS  HERA,  lawyer,  ora 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1855,  in  Baltimore 
county,  Md.  For  many  years  he  was  a 
high  school  professor^  has  been  railroad 
attorney;  and  for  five  years  was  attorney 
for  several  large  Chicago  corporations. 
He  has  been  prominent  in  political  af 
fairs,  and  in  the  campaign  of  1896  lectured 
extensively  under  the  direction  of  the 
national  democratic  committee,  and 
gained  a  national  reputation  as  an  able 
orator.  For  twenty  years  he  has  been  a 
regular  contributor  to  law  literature  and 
the  periodical  press;  and  is  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of  Missouri. 

ENYART,  CHARLES  FRANCIS,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  clergyman,  was 
born  Feb.  9,  1865,  near  Logansport,  Ind. 
He  reorganized  the  Hillsboro  college  of 
Ohio,  and  was  its  president  in  1895.  He 
now  nils  a  pastorate  in  the  methodist 
episcopal  church  at  Georgetown,  Ohio. 

EPES,  JAMES  FLETCHER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  23, 
1842,  in  Nottoway  county,  Va.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough 
education  and  grad 
uated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia. 
During  the  civil  war 
he  served  in  the 
cavalry  branch  of 
the  confederate  ser- 
vice;  had  three 
horses  shot  from 
under  him  and  re 
ceived  two  bullet 
wounds.  After  the 
war  he  became  a 
prominent  member  of  the  bar;  and  served 
with  distinction  in  the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He 
has  now  retired  from  active  life  and  lives 
on  a  farm  owned  in  former  years  by  his 
father,  in  Nottoway  county,  Va. 

EPES,  SYDNEY  P.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1865,  in  Not 
toway  county,  Va.  He  was  elected  in  1891 
a  member  of  the  general  assembly  to  rep 
resent  the  counties  of  Nottoway  and 
Amelia;  was  appointed  in  1895  register 
of  the  land  office  to  fill  an  unexpired 
term,  and  at  the  following  session  of  the 
general  assembly  was  elected  by  accla 
mation  for  the  full  term;  and  before  the 
expiration  of  his  term  he  was  elected  to 
the  fiiiy-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

EPPERSON,  ELMER  H.,  farmer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1852,  in  Ben- 
ton  county,  Iowa.  In  1870  he  moved  to 
Kansas,  where  he  is  a  successful  farmer 
In  Scott  county.  During  1896-97  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  legislature. 

EPPES,  JOHN  WAYLES,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1773 
In  Virginia.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Virginia  from  1803  to  1811, 
and  again  from  1813  to  1815.  He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  1817  to  1819, 
when  he  resigned  because  of  ill  health. 
He  died  Sept.  20,  1823,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

ERBEN,  PETER,  organist,  was  born  In 
1771,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  became  an 
organ  builder;  and  was  also  organist  in 
Trinity  parish  from  1807  till  1839.  He 
died  in  1863  in  New  York  city. 


ERDMAN,  CONSTANTINE  J.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1846,  In 
Lehigh  county,  Pa.  He  attended  the 
common  schools  of 
the  district  and  a 
classical  school  at 
Quakertown;  enter 
ed  Pennsylvania  col 
lege,  Gettysburg,  In 
1861,  and  graduated 
in  1865;  read  law, 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Lehigh  in 
^  I  1867,  and  since  has 
^^B  practiced  there.  He 

B  „  was  elected    district 

attorney      in     1874; 

and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fif 
ty-fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

ERDMAN,  JACOB,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1845  to  1847.  He  died  July  20,  1867, 
in  Lehigh  county,  Pa. 

ERICSSON,  JOHN,  engineer,  inventor, 
was  born  July  31,  1803,  in  Sweden.  To 
this  skilled  inventor  belongs  much  of  the 
success  of  the  late  civil  war,  by  the  build 
ing  of  his  iron-clad  turret,  the  Monitor, 
just  in  time  to  defeat  the  Merrimac,  and 
thus  save  the  ports  of  the  north  from 
southern  or  from  foreign  invasion.  He 
died  in  1896. 

ERMENTROUT,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
24,  1837,  in  Reading,  Pa.  He  was  elected 

district  attorney    of 

Berks  county  for 
three  years  in  1862; 
was  solicitor  for  the 
city  of  Reading  in 
1867-1870.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state 
senate  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1873  for  a 
term  of  three  years, 
and  re-elected  in 
1876  for  four  years. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  school 
control  of  Reading  for  many  years;  and 
was  appointed  in  1877  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  statutory  commission.  He 
was  in  1880  elected  as  a  democrat  to  rep 
resent  Berks  county  in  the  forty-seventh 
congress,  and  successively  in  the  forty- 
eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses. 

ERNST,  LOUIS,  soldier,  financier,  was 
born  July  19,  1825,  in  Germany.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war  and  attained  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  From  1874-76  he  was 
president  of  the  Rochester  German  Insur 
ance  company.  He  died  April  3,  1892,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 

ERNST,  OSWALD  HUBER'i,  engineer, 
author,  was  born  June  27,  1842,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio.  He  is  a  military  engineer 
with  the  rank  of  major,  and  the  author  of 
A  Manual  of  Practical  Military  Engineer 
ing. 

ERRANI.  ACHILLE,  musician,  was 
born  Aug.  20,  1823,  in  France.  He  settled 
In  New  York  as  a  teacher  of  the  Italian 
style  of  singing.  His  most  famous  pupils 
are  Minnie  Hauck,  Miss  Thursby,  Mme. 
Durand  and  Stella  Bonheur. 

ERRETT,  ISAAC,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1820,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  Campbellite  clergyman  of  Cin 
cinnati,  and  the  author  of  Debate  on  Spir 
itualism;  Brief  View  of  Missions;  Walks 
about  Jerusalem;  Talks  to  Bereans;  Let 
ters  to  Young  Christians;  and  Evenings 
with  the  Bible.  He  died  Dec.  19,  1880,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

ERRETT,  RUSSELL,  journalist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1817  in 


New  York.  He  adopted  the  profession  of 
an  editor;  was  comptroller  of  Pittsburg 
in  1860;  and  clerk  of  the  state  senate  In 
1860  and  1861.  He  served  in  the  union 
army,  as  additional  paymaster,  from  1861 
to  1866.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1867; 
was  assessor  of  internal  revenue  from 
1869  to  1873;  and  again  clerk  of  the  state 
senate  from  1872  to  1876.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth  and  forty-sev 
enth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

ERSKINE,  EBENEZER,  clergyman, 
was  born  Jan.  31,  1821,  in  Ridley  Park, 
Pa.  In  1870  he  was  called  to  the  church 
in  Newville,  Pa.  He  was  moderator  of 
the  synod  of  Harrisburg,  and  in  1878  be 
came  a  director  of  the  Princeton  Theolog 
ical  seminary. 

ERSKINE,  JOHN,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Ireland.  He  resided  at  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  and 
in  1866  was  appointed  United  States  judge 
for  the  district  of  Georgia. 

ERSKINE,  MASSENA  BERTHIER, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1819,  in 
Royalton,  Mass.  He  is  president  of  the 
Racine  Wagon  and  Carriage  company  and 
the  Manufacturers'  National  bank  of  Ra 
cine,  Wis.  In  all  the  affairs  of  Racine  he 
has  taken  a  lively  interest,  and  served  as 
mayor  in  1869-70,  1871  and  1879. 

ERVIN,  JAMES,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  17,  1778,  in  Williamsburg 
district,  S.  C.  He  served  in  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1801  and  1802,  and  from  1804 
to  1816;  was  a  solicitor  of  the  northern 
circuit;  and  for  eight  years  was  a  trustee 
of  the  South  Carolina  college.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  South 
Carolina  from  1817  to  1821.  He  died  July 
7,  1841,  near  Darlington,  S.  C. 

ERVING.  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  diplo 
mat,  was  born  in  1771  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  made  consul  to  London  by  Jeffer 
son;  was  secretary  of  legation  to  Spain 
in  1804;  special  minister  to  Denmark  in 
1811;  and  minister  to  Spain  in  1814.  He 
died  in  July,  1850,  in  New  York. 

ERVING,  JOHN,  merchant,  was  born 
in  1693  in  Scotland.  He  was  one  of  the 
wealthiest  and  most  distinguished  mer 
chants  of  Boston,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  council  of  Massachusetts  for  twenty 
years.  He  died  Aug.  12,  1786,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

ERWIN.  ALEXANDER  R..  clergyman, 
educator,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1820,  in  Louisi 
ana.  He  occupied  a  high  rank  in  the 
ministry,  and  presided  over  the  Clarks- 
ville  Female  academy  and  the  Huntsville 
Female  college.  He  died  Jan.  10,  I860,  In 
Huntsville,  Ala. 

ERWIN,  DAVID,  jurist.  He  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  Michigan;  and  in  1832 
was  appointed  judge  for  the  territory  of 
Michigan. 

ERWIN,  GEORGE  Z.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1840,  in  Madi 
son,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  trustee  of  the 
village,  chief  of  the  fire  department,  and  a 
member  of  the  local  board  of  the  normal 
training  school  of  Potsdam,  N.  Y.  In  1881 
he  was  elected  to  the  assembly  from  St. 
Lawrence  county,  and  in  1887  to  the  state 
senate. 

ERWIN,  ROBERT  WESLEY,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  May  24,  1842,  in  Lacey- 
ville,  Ohio.  In  1868  he  graduated  from  the 
Ohio  university  with  the  degree  of  B.  S.; 
and  in  1870  from  the  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  college  of  New  York  city,  with 
the  degree  of  M.  D.  During  the  civil  war 
he  served  as  a  volunteer  soldier  in  an 
Ohio  regiment.  He  has  attained  success 
as  a  physician  in  Bay  City,  Mich.;  and 
has  served  as  United  States  examining 
surgeon. 


344 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ESHER,  JOHN  JACOB,  clergyman, 
bishop,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1823,  in  France. 
He  was  the  first  agent  ot  the  Northwest 
ern  college,  and  started  that  institution 
of  learning.  He  has  been  editor  of  sever 
al  German  religious  publications;  and  has 
edited  the  Sunday-School  and  Juvenile 
Literature  of  his  church,  of  which  denom 
ination  he  has  been  bishop  for  the  past 
thirty-four  years. 

ESKRIDGE,  THOMAS  P.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  the  territory  of  Arkansas,  serv 
ing  in  that  capacity  as  late  as  1831. 

ESLING,  MRS.  CATHERINE  HAR- 
BESON,  author,  was  born  April  12,  1812, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  was  a  poet  of 
Philadelphia  who  published  The  Broken 
Bracelet  and  Other  Poems  in  1850. 

ESLING,  CHARLES  HENRY  AUGUS 
TINE,  lawyer,  diplomat,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  21,  1845,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
For  twenty  years  he  practiced  law  in  his 
native  city;  and  has  been  honored  on  two 
occasions  with  diplomatic  commissions 
abroad.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  of  Saint 
Germaine  Cousin,  The  Shepherdess  of 
Pibrae. 

ESPY,  JAMES  POLLARD,  meteorolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  in  1785  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  a  meteorologist  of  Phil 
adelphia,  sometimes  called  the  storm 
king,  who  published  The  Philosophy  of 
Storms.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1860,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

ESPY,  JOHN  BOYD,  soldier,  lecturer, 
clergyman,  legislator,  was  born  July  13, 
1838,  in  Espyville,  Pa.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  as  captain  in  company  H, 
one  hundred  and  forty-fifth  regiment 
Pennsylvania  volunteer  infantry.  He  was 
twice  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state 
legislature.  Since  1876  he  has  been  a 
clergyman  in  the  methodist  episcopal 
church. 

ESSICK,  SAMUEL  V.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
inventor,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1841,  in  New 
Franklin,  Ohio.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war  as  a  private.  The  most  important 
effort  on  which  he  entered  was  the  inven 
tion  of  the  Essick  printing  telegraph,  and 
in  1889  a  company  was  organized  under 
the  name  of  the  Essick  Printing  Tele 
graph  company. 

ESTABROOK,  E.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  poet,  was  born  April  30, 
1813,  in  Lebanon,  N.  H.  In  1851  he  was 
elected  attorney-general  of  Wisconsin;  in 
1854  was  appointed  United  States  attorney 
for  Nebraska  by  President  Pierce;  and  in 
1859  was  elected  to  congress. 

ESTABROOK,  FRANCIS  M.,  clergy 
man,  financier,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1842, 
in  Rushville,  111.  For  thirty  years  he  has 
been  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  meth 
odist  episcopal  church  in  Nebraska.  He 
is  now  the  financial  agent  and  treasurer 
of  the  Nebraska  Wesleyan  university. 

ESTE,  DAVID  KlHKPATRICK,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1785  in  Morristown,  N.  J.  He 
removed  to  Ohio  in  1809,  settled  in  Cin 
cinnati  in  1814,  and  became  a  noted  law 
yer  and  jurisi.  He  died  April  1,  1875,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

ESTE,  GEORGE  PEABODY,  soldier, 
was  born  April  24,  1829,  in  Nashua,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  colonel  in  the  fourteenth  Ohio 
infantry  in  1862;  and  was  promoted  to 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  1865. 
tie  died  Feb.  6,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

ESTEP,  EPHRAIM  JAMES,  lawyer, 
was  born  Feb.  12,  1820,  in  Ohio.  In  1853 
he  moved  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he 
remained  for  forty-two  years,  and  became 
one  of  the  ablest  lawyers  in  Ohio. 


ESTERLY,  GEORGE,  inventor,  was 
born  Oct.  17,  1809,  in  Plattekill,  N.  Y.  He 
built  a  harvesting  machine,  and  soon  be 
gan  to  manufacture  various  agricultural 
implements.  Subsequently  he  obtained 
numerous  patents,  and  his  establishment 
at  Whitewater,  Wis.,  has  become  one  of 
the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 

ESTES,  CHARLES,  financier,  was  born 
Feb.  2,  1819,  in  Vincent,  N.  Y.  The  Au 
gusta  canal,  which  yields  14,000  horse 
power,  was  built  practically  through  his 
influence  while  he  was  mayor  in  1870-76. 
For  seventeen  years  he  managed  the  Au 
gusta  Land  company  as  its  president,  and 
of  several  other  companies  he  is  a  direc 
tor.  The  J.  P.  King  Manufacturing  com 
pany,  capital  $1,000,0.00,  which  operates 
large  cotton  mills  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  is  one 
of  his  enterprises  and  he  is  its  presi 
dent. 

ESTEY,  JACOB,  president  and  founder 
of  the  Estey  Organ  company,  was  born 
Sept.  30,  1814,  in  Hinsdale,  N.  H.  The 
works,  now  the  largest  of  their  class  in 
the  world,  form  the  nucleus  of  the  village 
of  Esteyville,  which  derives  its  very  exist 
ence  and  daily  bread  from  the  operations 
of  the  factory. 

ESTEY,  JULIUS  JACOB,  manufactur 
er,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1845, 
in  Brattleboro,  Vt.  He  is  a  successful 
manufacturer,  and  president  of  the  Estey 
Organ  company.  In  1876  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Vermont  legislature,  and  in 
1882  a  state  senator.  He  has  been  lieu 
tenant-colonel  and  colonel  of  the  nation 
al  guard  of  Vermont;  and  was  elected 
brigade  commander  in  1892,  1894  and 
1896. 

ESTIL,  BENJAMIN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Washington  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1825  to  1827. 

ESTILL,  JOHN   HOLBROOK,   journal 
ist,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1840,  in  Cnarleston, 
S.  C.     In  1851  h.is   father   moved   to  Sa 
vannah,     where    the 
son      learned      the 
^AMfe  printing        business. 

\  During  the    war   he 

served  with  distinc- 
R      ^  g|          tion  in  the  confeder 
ate   army.      In   1867 
he  secured  control  of 
the      well        known 
southern        newspa 
per,     the     Savannah 
Morning  News,    and 
built  up  one   of  the 
most  complete  print 
ing  houses  in  the  south.     He  is  president 
or  director  in  a  dozen  corporations;  coun 
ty  commissioner,  member  of  the  board  of 
education,  and  represents  Georgia  on  the 
national  committee  of  the  democratic  par 
ty.    He  has  been  lieutenant-colonel  on  the 
governor's  staff;    is  president  of  the  Be- 
thesda   Orphan   home;    and   is    active    in 
many  local  enterprises. 

ESTORGE,  JOSEPH  LEONARD,  phy 
sician,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Opelousas, 
La.  He  was  appointed  a  surgeon  in  the 
confederate  army  in  the  trans-Mississip 
pi  department,  but  was  made  a  prisoner 
at  Fort  de  Russey.  He  died  Aug.  21,  18isO, 
in  Opelousas,  La. 

ESTY,  CONSTANTINE  C.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  26, 
1824,  in  Framingham,  Mass.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate  in  1857  and 
1858,  and  of  the  house  in  1867;  and  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  state  board 
of  education  in  1871;  and  was  elected  to 
the  forty-second  congress,  as  a  represent 
ative  from  Massachusetts. 


ETHERIDGE,  EMERSON,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1819,  in 
Currituck  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  for  two  years; 
and  in  1853  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  thirty-third  con 
gress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  and  thirty-sixth  congresses. 

ETUE,  PETER  D.,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  June  29,  1846,  in  McDonald  county, 
Mo.  He  established  the  Kansas  City 
Live  Stock  Indicator  in  1878.  He  has 
held  many  political  positions  in  Kansas 
City,  Mo.,  including  that  of  alderman 
and  member  of  the  school  board.  His 
poems  have  appeared  in  current  newspa 
pers  and  magazines. 

EUSTIS,  ABRAHAM,  soldier,  was  born 
March  28,  1786,  in  Petersburg,  Va.  He 
was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  for  meri 
torious  services  in  1813,  became  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  the  fourth  artillery  in  1822, 
brigadier-general  in  1834,  and  a  few 
months  later  colonel  of  tiie  first  artillery. 
He  died  June  27,  1843,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

EUSTIS,  GEORGE,  jurist,  was  born 
Oct.  20,  1796,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
attorney-general  of  Louisiana,  a  member 
of  the  constitutional  convention  of  1845, 
and  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  till 
1852.  He  died  Dec.  23,  1858  in  New  Or 
leans. 

EUSTIS,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1828,  in  New  Or 
leans,  La.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth 
congresses.  During  the  rebellion  he  serv 
ed  as  private  secretary  to  John  M.  Mason, 
when  the  latter  was  confederate  commis 
sioner  to  France.  He  died  March  15,  1872, 
in  France. 

EUSTIS,  JAMES  BIDDLE,  soldier,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug. 
27,  1834,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army  throughout  the 
war  of  the  rebellion.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  legislature  prior 
to  the  passage  of  the  reconstruction  acts; 
and  was  a  representative  in  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1872.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  for  four  years  in  1874.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  served  from  1877  to 
1879;  and  in  1885  was  elected  United 
States  senator  from  Louisiana  for  the  full 
term  of  six  years. 

EUSTIS,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  physician, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  June 
10,  1753,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  At  the  be 
ginning  of  the  war  he  was  appointed  sur 
geon  of  a  regiment,  and  afterwards  hos 
pital  surgeon.  At  the  termination  of  the 
war  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Boston.  In  1800  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  congress  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  serving  until  1805.  In  1809  he 
was  appointed  secretary  of  war  by  Presi 
dent  Madison,  and  continued  in  office  un 
til  1813.  In  1815  he  was  sent  as  ambas 
sador  to  Holland.  After  his  return  he 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1820  to  1823;  and  was  chosen  governor  of 
Massachusetts  in  1823.  He  died  Feb.  6, 
1825,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

EUSTIS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  states 
man,  was  born  July  17,  1845,  in  Oxbrow, 
N.  Y.  In  1890  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Minneapolis. 

EVANS,  ALBERT  H.,  farmer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  June  2,  1851,  in  Morrow 
county,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  farmer 
of  Tamawa.  111.;  and  in  1890  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Illinois  state  legislature. 

EVANS,  ALEXANDER,  civil  engineer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Elkton,  Md.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1847  to  1853. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


34& 


EVANS,  ALEXANDER,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1814,  in 
Middletown,  Ky.  He  served  in  the  army 
in  1847-48,  and  in  1861  became  major  in 
the  confederate  service.  He  is  the  author 
of  two  volumes  of  poems  entitled  ^-Eneas; 
and  Fashions. 

EVANS,  ALONZO,  journalist,  was  born 
July  18, 1866,  in  Winneshiek  county,  Iowa. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Sun 
of  Lime  Springs,  Iowa;  and  takes  a  prom 
inent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state. 

EVANS,  CHARLES  I.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  March  29,  1843,  in  Noxu- 
bee  county,  Miss.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Baylor  university,  Texas;  and 
the  university  of  Virginia.  In  1861  he  en 
tered  the  confederate  army  as  a  private; 
served  four  years;  and  was  promoted  to 
first  lieutenant  of  artillery  in  1863.  He  is 
one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Texas,  and 
is  prominently  identified  with  the  public 
affairs  of  Dallas,  where  he  has  served 
with  distinction  as  district  judge. 

EVANS,  DAVID  E.,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  twentieth  congress,  but  re 
signed. 

EVANS,  DAVID  REID,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1769,  in  England.  He  served  in  the  state 
legislature  from  1800  to  1803;  and  from 
1804  to  1811  was  solicitor  for  the  middle 
district  of  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1813  to  1815;  and  in  1818  and  1822 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  He 
died  March  8,  1843,  in  South  Carolina. 

EVANS,  DE  SCOTT,  artist,  was  born 
March  28,  1847,  in  Boston,  Ind.  He  opened 
a  studio  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1874,  and 
became  instructor  and. co-director  in  the 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
He  is  especially  skillful  in  painting  dra 
peries.  His  genre  pictures  include  The 
First  Snowfall;  Grandma's  Visitors;  and 
Day  Before  the  Wedding. 

EVANS,  DUDLEY,  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.  27,  1838,  in  Monongalia  county,  W. 
Va.  During  the  war  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  legislature.  In  1891  he  was 
elected  one  of  the  board  of  directors,  and 
made  second  vice-president  of  the  Wells- 
Fargo  and  Co.  of  New  York  city. 

EVANS,  EDWARD  PAYSON,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  8,  1833,  in  Remsen,  N.  Y. 
He  is  an  Oriental  scholar  who  has  lived 
chiefly  in  Europe,  and  the  author  of  Ab- 
riss  der  Deutschen  Literaturgeschichte; 
Progressive  German  Reader;  and  transla 
tion  of  Stahr's  Life  and  Works  of  Les- 
sing. 

EVANS,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  EDSON 
(GIBSON),  author,  was  born  March  8, 
1833,  in  Newport,  N.  H.  She  is  the  author 
of  The  Abuse  of  Maternity;  Laura,  an 
American  Girl;  The  Story  of  Kaspar  Hau- 
ser;  and  The  Story  of  Louis  XVII.  of 
France. 

EVANS,  ELIZABETH  HEWLINGS, 
poet,  was  born  in  1818,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  A  volume  of  her  poems,  with  a  pref 
ace  by  her  brother,  the  Rev.  Thomas  H. 
Stockton,  was  published  shortly  before 
her  death.  She  died  in  1855  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

EVANS,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  June  9,  1808,  in 
England.  He  was  an  elder  among  the 
Shakers  of  Lebanon,  N.  Y.,  from  1838. 
He  is  the  author  of  Compendium  of  Ori 
gin,  History  and  Doctrines  of  Shakers; 
Shaker  Communism;  Autobiography  of  a 
Shaker;  Second  Appearing  of  Christ;  and 
Test  of  Divine  Inspiration,  which  are  his 
chief  works.  He  died  in  1893. 


EVANS,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan. 
12,  1797,  in  Hallowell,  Maine.  In  1825  he 
was  I'lcrird  a  niciii- 
•  "  her  of  the  Maine 
state  legislature,  and 
acted  a  leading  part 
for  four  consecutive 
years,  and  was  elect 
ed  speaker  of  the 
house  in  the  latter 
year.  In  1829  he 
was  elected  to  con 
gress;  served  seven 
successive  terms; 
and  was  then  elect 
ed  to  the  senate  of 
the  United  States.  He  was  a  candidate  for 
the  vice-presidency  when  General  Taylor 
was  put  in  nomination  for  president.  Af 
ter  eighteen  years  of  service  in  congress 
he  returned  to  his  own  state  and  his  pro 
fession;  and  was  attorney-general  of 
Maine  for  three  years.  He  was  the  first 
president  of  the  Portland  and  Kennebec 
railway;  and  was  a  trustee  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  overseers  of  Bowdoin 
college.  He  died  April  6,  1867,  in  Port 
land,  Maine. 

EVANS,  GEORGE  SPITTELL,  clergy 
man,  litterateur,  was  born  June  3,  1869, 
in  England.  He  studied  at  St.  Mark's  and 
afterward  at  St. 
John's  national 
schools  of  London, 
England;  and  subse 
quently  took  a  theo 
logical  course  in  the 
0  b  e  r  1  i  n  college, 
Ohio.  During  1887- 
90  he  preached  with 
success  in  North 
Kensington,  Lon 
don,  England;  dur 
ing  1890-92  he  filled 
a  pastorate  in  Black 
Creek,  N.  Y.;  Lake  Benton,  Minn.,  in 
1894;  when  he  took  charge  of  a  church  at 
Hudson,  S.  D.  He  has  lectured  extensive 
ly  in  Europe  and  America;  and  ha.s  held 
the  position  of  instructor  of  political 
economy  for  Lincoln  county,  Minn.;  and 
as  state  visitor  for  Carleton  college,  Min 
nesota.  He  has  contributed  extensively 
to  church  literature. 

EVANS,  H.  CLAY,  soldier,  manufactur 
er,  congressman,  was  born  JuneflS,  1843, 
in  Juniata  county,  Pa.  He  was  an  en 
listed  man  in  the  forty-first  Wisconsin 
infantry  during  the  late  war;  and  was 
twice  elected  mayor  of  Chattanooga.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as 
a  republican. 

EVANS,  HENRY  G.,  journalist,  was 
born  in  1812.  He  was  co-editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  the  New  York  Evening  Mirror 
almost  from  the  beginning  of  its  career 
to  its  close,  and  was  one  of  the  best  wri 
ters  for  the  daily  press  in  the  city.  He 
died  Aug.  14,  1869,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

EVANS,  HUGH  DAVY,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  April  26,  1792,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  was  a  Baltimore  lawyer,  conspicuous 
for  loyalty  to  the  union  during  the  civil 
war,  who  wrote  on  legal  and  high  church 
topics.  He  was  the  author  of  Essay  on 
Pleading;  Maryland  Common  Law  Prac 
tice;  Essay  on  the  Episcopate;  Treatise 
on  the  Christian  Doctrine  of  Marriage; 
Essays  on  the  Validity  of  Anglican  Ordi 
nation;  and  Theophilus  Americanus.  He 
died  July  16,  1868,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

EVANS,  I.  NEWTON,  physician,  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  July  29,  1827, 
in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He  was  president 
of  the  Hatboro  National  bank;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-eighth  and 
forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  republican. 


EVANS,  JAMES  LAFAYETTE,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  March  27, 
1825,  in  Harrison  county,  Ky.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  in 
the  forty-fourth  congress.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

EVANS,  JERVICE  G.,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Dec.  19, 
1833,  in  Marshall  county,  111.  In  1854  he 
entered  the  ministry 
of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church.  In 
1872  he  accepted  the 
presidency  of  Hed- 
ding  college  of  Ab- 
ingdon,  111.,  which 
he  filled  for  six 
years.  He  was  then 
elected  president  of 
the  Chaddock  col 
lege,  but  returned  to 
the  pastorate  the 
following  year.  In 
1889  he  accepted  for  the  second  time  the 
presidency  of  Hedding  college,  which  posi 
tion  he  still  fills.  Dr.  Evans  holds  his  mem 
bership  in  the  Central  Illinois  conference, 
in  which  ne  has  held  numerous  positions 
of  honor.  His  published  writings  have  been 
largely  in  the  form  of  pamphlets,  lec 
tures  and  sermons;  and  a  volume  entitled 
The  Pulpit  and  Politics.  His  other  publi 
cations  have  been:  The  Woman  Ques 
tion;  Tobacco;  The  Liquor  Traffic  Indict 
ed;  Pleas  for  License;  The  Sources  of 
Culture;  Genesis  and  Geology;  and  the 
Divine  Foreknowledge.  He  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  the  prohibi 
tion  party;  in  1888  he  was  chairman  of 
the  Illinois  state  convention  of  that  par 
ty;  and  chairman  as.  the  state  delegation 
to  the  national  convention;  and  in  1894 
was  their  candidate  for  United  States  sen 
ator. 

EVANS,  JOE,  artist,  was  born  in  1857 
in  New  York  city.  During  1891-94  he  was 
president  of  the  Art  Students'  league  of 
New  York;  1892-94  was  secretary  of  the 
Society  of  American  Artists;  and  since 
1894  vice-president  of  the  American  Fine 
Arts  society. 

EVANS,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  Delaware,  from  1776  to  1777. 

EVANS,  JOHN,  geologist,  was  born 
Feb.  14,  1812,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He 
discovered  fossil  bones  of  extinct  species; 
made  geological  surveys  of  Washington 
and  Oregon;  and  was  geologist  to  Chi- 
riqui  commission.  He  died  April  13,  1861, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

EVANS,  JOHN,  physician,  governor, 
was  born  March  9,  1814,  in  Waynesville, 
Colo.  Becoming  known  for  public  spirit, 
he  was  elected  to  tne  Chicago  city  council 
in  1852.  The  city  of  Evanston  was  found 
ed  by  him  as  a  site  for  the  Northwestern 
university,  and  his  extensive  real  estate 
investments  there  brought  him  a  large 
return.  The  Chicago  and  Fort  Wayne  rail 
road  was  projected  and  built  by  him  and 
others.  In  1862  an  important  change  in 
his  career  grew  out  of  an  appointment  by 
President  Lincoln  as  governor  of  the  then 
territory  of  Colorado. 

EVANS,  JOHN  G.,  planter,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1863, 
in  Cokesbury,  S.  C.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  and  planter  of  Aiken,  S.  C.  In 
1888  he  became  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of  South  Carolina;  was 
re-elected  in  1890;  and  in  1892  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  senate.  In  1894  he  was 
elected  governor  of  the  state  or  South 
Carolina,  and  served  in  that  office  with 
distinction. 


346 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


EVANS,  JOHN  H.,  banker,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1848,  in  North 
Wales.  In  1866  he  located  in  Racine, 
Wis.;  and  for  many 
years  was  connected 
with  his  father, 
Richard  J.  Evans,  in 
the  tanning  busi 
ness.  In  1878  he  en 
gaged  in  the  steam 

^__^_^^^_  laundry  business    in 

•Pk  Omaha,  Neb.,  and  is 
^^^-  now  president  of  the 
Evans  Laundry  com 
panies  of  Omaha, 
Lincoln  and  Council 
Bluffs.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  National  Bank  of  Com 
merce  of  Omaha;  and  president  of  various 
other  business  institutions  in  Nebraska 
and  Florida.  In  1895  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  Nebras 
ka  state  legislature;  and  in  1896  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate. 

EVANS,  JOSHUA,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1829  to  1833. 

EVANS,  JOSIAH  JAMES,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Nov.  27,  1786,  in  Marlborough. 
S.  C.  In  1812,  1813,  and  1816  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature;  and  by  that  body 
was  made  solicitor  for  the  state  from  his 
district,  which  position  he  held  for  thir 
teen  years.  In  1830  he  was  chosen  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court,  which  office 
he  held  until  1852,  when  he  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term 
ending  in  1859.  He  died  May  6,  1858. 

EVANS,  LEMUEL  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Texas  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress. 

EVANS,  LEWIS,  surveyor,  author,  was 
born  about  1700.  He  was  a  surveyor  and 
geographer  of  Philadelphia,  who  pub 
lished  Geographical,  Historical,  Political, 
and  Mechanical  Essays.  He  died  in  June, 
1756. 

EVANS,  MRS.  LIZZIE  PHELPS  ES- 
TERBROOK,  author,  was  born  in  1846,  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  a  writer  of  Somer- 
ville,  Mass.,  and  the  author  of  Aunt  Nab- 
by;  and  From  Summer  to  Summer. 

EVANS,  MARY  LOUISE  FROST 
ORMSBY,  educator,  journalist,  lecturer, 
was  born  in  1848,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  After 
completing  a  classical  course  in  Vassar 
college,  she  became  principal  of  the  Sea- 
bury  seminary  of  New  York  city.  She 
was  a  delegate  of  the.  Human  Freedom 
league;  the  peace  congress  of  1892;  and 
in  1893  a  delegate  for  the  educational  con 
gress;  and  subsequently  a  delegate  to  the 
woman's  congress,  and  was  eight  times  a 
delegate  to  Europe.  She  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  International  Peace  league; 
vice-president  of  the  Universal  Peace 
union;  and  vice-president  of  the  Wo 
man's  National  Press  association.  She 
has  made  a  national  reputation  as  a  lec 
turer,  journalist  and  philanthropist,  and 
is  now  associate  editor  of  The  Rhode 
Islander,  of  which  her  husband  is  editor 
and  owner. 

EVANS,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  24,  1804,  in  Belmont 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  Guernsey  county  for  four  years. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1847  to  1849. 

EVANS,  NATHAN  GEORGE,  soldier, 
was  born  Feb.  6,  1824,  in  Marion,  S.  C. 
He  distinguished  himself  in  the  war  of 
1858;  and  resigned  in  1861  to  enter  the 
confederate  service.  He  attained  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general;  and  surrendered 
with  Lee  in  1865.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1868, 
in  Midway,  Ala. 


EVANS,  OLIVER,  inventor,  author, 
was  born  in  1755,  in  Newport,  Del.  He 
was  a  once  famous  inventor  who  con 
structed  the  first  high-pressure  steam- 
engine;  and  the  author  of  The  Young 
Engineer's  Guide;  and  Miller  and  Mill 
wright's  Guide.  He  died  April  21,  1819, 
in  New  York  city. 

EVANS,  PERCY  NORTON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1869,  in  Mon 
treal,  Canada.  Since  1895  he  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  in  the  Purdue  univer 
sity  of  Lafayette,  Ind.  He  is  the  author 
of  An  Introductory  Course  in  Quantita 
tive  Analysis;  and  has  contributed  to  va 
rious  scientific  journals. 

EVANS,  ROBLEY  D.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Iowa.  He  had  command  of  the 
flagship  Iowa  during  the  Spanish-Ameri 
can  war  of  1898. 

EVANS,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1797  to  1801. 

EVANS,  THOMAS,  author,  was  born  in 
1798,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Qua 
ker  controversialist  of  Philadelphia  who 
was  an  active  opponent  of  the  doctrines  of 
Thomas  Hicks;  and  published  an  Expo 
sition  of  the  Faith  of  the  Religious  So 
ciety  of  Friends.  He  died  May  25,  1868. 

EVANS,  THOMAS  WILTBERGER,  den 
tist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1823,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  famous  den 
tist,  resident  in  Paris  since  1848,  through 
whose  aid  the  Empress  Eugenie  escaped 
from  that  city  in  1870.  He  is  the  author 
of  History  of  the  American  Ambulance  in 
Paris  during  the  Siege,  1870-71;  Sanitary 
Institutions  during  the  Austro-Prussian- 
Italian  Conflict,  1868;  Lettres  sur  le  Gouv- 
ernement  des  Etats  Unis;  and  La  Com 
mission  Sanitaire  des  Etats  Unis. 

EVANS,  WALTER,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1842,  in 
Barren  county,  Ky.  He  entered  the  union 

army     in     1861     and 

I  served  throughout 
I  the  civil  war.  After 
I  the  close  of  the  war 
I  he  was  engaged  in 
••l  <P  I  the  practice  of  law 
I  at  Hopkinsville,  Ky.; 
^_^^  I  was  a  delegate  to  the 
republican  national 
conventions  of  1868, 
1872,  and  1880;  and 
in  1871  was  elected 
a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature. 
In  1872  he  was  elected  a  state  senator.  He 
removed  to  Louisville;  and  in  1883  was 
appointed  commissioner  of  internal  reve 
nue  in  the  treasury  department  at  Wash 
ington.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 
He  was  one  of  the  committee  that  pre 
pared  the  Dingley  tariff  bill. 

EVARTS,  JEREMIAH,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Feb.  3,  1781,  in  Sunderland,  Vt. 
He  taught  school;  practiced  law;  and  in 
1820  edited  the  Missionary  Herald.  He 
wrote  twenty-four  essays  on  the  Rights 
of  Indians,  which  appeared  under  the  sig 
nature  of  William  Penn.  He  died  May  10, 
1831,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

EVARTS,  WILLIAM  MAXWELL,  law 
yer.  United  States  senator,  was  born  Feb. 
6,  1818,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  the  lead- 
Ing  counsel  employed  to  defend  President 
Johnson  in  his  trial  before  the  senate; 
and  was  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States  from  1868  to  1869,  when  he  re 
signed.  He  was  one  of  the  three  lawyers 
appointed  to  defend  the  interests  of  the 
United  States  before  the  tribunal  of  arbi 
tration  at  Geneva  in  1871  to  settle  the 
Alabama  claims;  and  was  one  of  the 


counsel  who  defended  Henry  Ward  Beech- 
er  in  1875.  In  1875  he  was  invited  by  the 
centennial  commission  to  deliver  the 
opening  oration  at  the  exposition  in  1876. 
He  was  secretary  of  state  under  President 
Hayes  from  1877  to  1881.  In  1885  he  was 
elected  United  States  senator  from  New 
York  for  six  years  from  March  4,  1885, 
and  has  since  been  re-elected  twice  to  the 
same  office. 

EVE,  MARIA  LOU.  author,  poet,  was 
born  about  1848  near  Augusta,  Ga.  In  1879 
she  wrote  a  prize  poem  entitled  Conquered 
at  Last,  expressing  gratitude  for  north 
ern  aid  during  the  yellow-fever  epidemic 
of  1878. 

EVE,  PAUL  FITZSIMMONS,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  June  27,  1806. 
near  Augusta,  Ga.  He  was  a  distinguished 
surgeon  of  Nashville  during  the  civil  war, 
surgeon-general  of  the  confederate  army 
of  Tennessee;  and  the  author  of  Collec 
tion  of  Remarkable  Cases  in  Surgery;  One 
Hundred  Cases  of  Lithotomy;  and  The  In 
humanity  of  Capital  Punishment  by 
Hanging.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1877,  in  Nash 
ville,  Tenn. 

EVE,  ROBERT  CAMPBELL,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  May  15,  1843, 
in  Augusta,  Ga.  He  became  professor  of 
materia  medica  and  medical  jurisprudence 
in  the  Georgia  Medical  college.  He  has 
written  on  the  Influence  of  the  Ovaria 
in  Uterine  Disorders;  Epilepsy;  and  Ton 
ic  Properties  of  Mercury  in  Minute  Doses. 

EVELEIGH,  NICHOLAS,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  continental  congress  from  1781  to  1782. 

EVERALL,  JOHN,  farmer,  educator, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  20,  1839,  in 
England.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  of 
Farmersburg,  Iowa;  and  was  county  su 
perintendent  of  schools  for  four  years; 
county  auditor  for  six  years;  and  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Iowa 
state  senate  for  eight  years. 

EVERARD,  RICHARD,  governor,  was 
born  in  England.  He  was  governor  of 
North  Carolina  during  1725-29.  He  died 
Feb.  17,  1733,  in  London,  England. 

EVEREST,  CHARLES  W.,  clergyman, 
educator,  poet,  was  born  May  27,  1814, 
in  East  Windsor,  Conn.  He  was  a  suc 
cessful  clergyman  and  educator;  and  for 
many  years  had  charge  of  the  Rectory 
School  of  Hamden,  Conn.  His  poems 
have  been  a  valuable  acquisition  to  Amer 
ican  literature. 

EVEREST,  HARVEY  WILLIAM,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1831  in  New  York.  He  is  a  clergyman 
and  educator  of  the  Christian  denomina 
tion;  and  the  author  of  The  Divine  Dem 
onstration;  and  a  Text-Book  of  Christian 
Evidence. 

EVERETT,  ALEXANDER  HILL,  diplo 
mat,  journalist,  author,  was  born  March 
19,  1792,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  became 
charge  d'affaires  at 
Brussels  in  1818; 
and  from  1825  to 
1829  was  minister.  In 
1829  he  was  editor 
and  principal  pro 
prietor  of  the  North 
American  Review, 
to  which  he  had  long 
been  a  contributor. 
From  1830  to  1835  he 
was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature;  and 
from  1845  until  his 
death  was  commissioner  to  China.  He 
published  Europe;  America;  New  Views 
on  Population.  He  died  June  29,  1847,  in 
Canton,  China. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


347 


EVERETT,  AMBROSE  SPRAGUE,  sol 
dier,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  May  17, 
1841,  in  West  Almond,  N.  Y.  He  served 
as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil  war; 
was  first  lieutenant  of  company  B,  one 
hundred  and  eighth  regiment,  New  'York 
state  volunteers;  and  captain  of  company 
G  of  the  same  regiment.  He  was  acting 
inspector-general  of  the  second  brigade, 
third  division  of  the  second  army  corps. 
He  has  attained  distinction  as  one  of  the 
leading  physicians  and  surgeons  of  the 
United  States,  and  has  a  large  practice  in 
Denver,  Colo.  He  has  been  professor  of 
surgical  anatomy;  president  of  the  West 
ern  Academy  of  Homoeopathy;  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  leading  medical  bodies;  and  has 
been  surgeon-general  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic  and  various  fraternal  or 
ders. 

EVERETT,  CHARLES  CARROLL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  June,  1829,  in 
Brunswick,  Maine.  He  is  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman  of  Cambridge,  dean  of  the  theolog 
ical  faculty  of  Harvard  university  from 
1878,  and  a  profound  and  independent 
philosophical  thinker.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Science  of  Thought;  Religions  before 
Christianity;  Fichte's  Science  of  Knowl 
edge,  a  Critical  Exposition;  Poetry,  Com 
edy,  and  Duty;  Ethics  for  Young  People; 
and  The  Gospel  of  Paul. 

EVERETT,  DAVID,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  March  29,  1770,  in  Princeton, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  journalist;  and 
the  author  of  Common  Sense  in  Disha 
bille',  or  the  Farmer's  Monitor;  and  Dar- 
anzel,  or  the  Persian  Poet,  a  tragedy.  He 
died  Dec.  21,  1813,  in  Marietta,  Ohio. 

EVERETT,  EDWARD,  educator,  college 
president,  governor,  was  born  April  11, 
1794,  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  He  was  a  dis- 
_ tinguished  Massa 
chusetts  statesman 
famous  for  his  ora 
tory.  He  was  or 
dained  to  the  unitar- 
ian  ministry  in  1813, 
but  soon  retired  from 
the  profession  and 
entered  political  life, 
:oming  a  congress 
man  in  1825.  After 
that  date  he  was  suc 
cessively  governor  of 
Massachusetts,  pres 
ident  of  Harvard  college,  and  secretary  of 
state.  He  achieved  a  wide  popularity, 
and  his  literary  style  was  greatly  ad 
mired.  His  work  has,  however,  failed  to 
retain  its  hold  upon  attention,  and  his 
polished  sentences  now  find  a  constantly 
lessening  circle  of  readers.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Defense  of  Christianity;  Orations 
and  Speeches;  Mount  Vernon  Papers;  and 
Importance  of  Practical  Education.  He 
died  Jan.  15,  1865,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

EVERETT,  EDWARD  FRANKLIN, 
genealogist,  was  born  May  28,  1840,  in 
Northfield,  Mass.  He  is  a  Boston  geneal 
ogist  who  has  published  genealogies  of 
the  families  of  Capen  and  Everett. 

EVERETT,  ERASTUS,  educator,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1813  in  Princeton, 
Mass.  He  is  an  educator  once  prominent 
in  Brooklyn;  and  the  author  of  System 
of  English  Versification;  and  Progress,  a 
poem. 

EVERETT,  HORACE,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1780  in  Vermont.  He 
was  state's  attorney  for  Windsor  county 
from  1813  to  1817;  and  served  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1819-24,  and  in  1834.  He 
was  a  prominent  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention  of  1828;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1829  to  1843.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1851,  in 
Windsor,  Vt. 


EVERETT,  JOHN,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  22,  1801,  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  His 
poetical  abilities  were  considerable,  as  is 
shown  by  his  Ode  to  St.  Paul's  Church, 
and  by  one  written  for  the  Washington 
society,  and  sung  at  Concert  hall,  July  4, 
1825.  He  is  the  author  of  articles  in  the 
North  American  Review.  He  died  in  1826 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

EVERETT,  ROBERT  WILLIAM,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  March  3, 
1839,  in  Haynsville,  Ga.  He  entered  the 
confederate  army,  and  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  served  two  years  as 
commissioner  of  revenue;  served  twelve 
years  on  the  board  of  education,  the  last 
four  as  president  of  the  board;  and  served 
four  years,  from  1882  to  1885,  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  general  assembly  of  Georgia. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

EVERETT,  WILLIAM,  educator,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1839, 
in  Watertown,  Mass.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1867;  licensed  to  preach  in  1872 
by  the  Suffolk  association  of  (Unitarian) 
ministers.  He  was  tutor  in  Harvard  col 
lege  in  1870-73;  assistant  professor  of 
Latin  in  1873-77;  and  master  of  Adams 
academy,  Quincy,  Mass.,  in  1878-93.  He 
engaged  in  political  speaking,  on  the  re 
publican  side,  in  1864-1883;  and  was  an 
early  civil  service  reformer.  He  was  chos 
en  at  the  by-election  to  congress.  He 
withdrew  his  name  from  nominating  con 
vention  in  1894;  took  part  in  convention 
of  national  democrats  at  Indianapolis  in 
1896;  and  nominated  for  governor  of 
Massachusetts  by  that  organization  in 
1897.  His  books  are  College  Essays;  On 
the  Cam;  Lecture  on  Cambridge  Univer 
sity;  the  poem  Hesione,  or  Europe  Un 
changed;  School  Sermons.  His  books  for 
boys  include  Thine  not  Mine;  Changing 
Base;  and  Double  Play. 

EVERETT,  WILLIS  MEAD,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1863,  in  Randolph, 
N.  Y.  For  many  years  he  filled  the  chair 
of  mathematics  and  German  in  the  Cham 
berlain  institute  of  Randolph,  N.  Y.  He 
has  practiced  law  in  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
and  Atlanta,  and  has  been  director  and  of 
ficer  in  many  large  corporations.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Georgia  Section  of  Law 
of  Incorporated  Companies. 

EVERHARD,  CAROLINE  McCUL- 
LOUGH,  woman  suffragist,  was  born  Sept. 
14,  1843,  in  Massillon,  Ohio.  For  eleven 
years  she  was  secretary  of  the  Humane 
society  of  her  native  city;  has  been  trus 
tee  of  the  charity  Ratch  school;  a  direc 
tor  of  the  Union  National  bank  of  Mas 
sillon;  and  a  member  of  the  county  visit 
ing  board  to  charitable  and  correctional 
institutions.  In  1891  she  was  elected 
president  of  the  Ohio  Woman  Suffrage 
association,  and  still  holds  the  office.  She 
has  written  extensively  for  the  periodical 
press  on  woman  suffrage  and  kindred 
subjects. 

EVERHART,  BENJAMIN  MABLACK, 
botanist,  author,  was  born  April  24,  1818, 
in  West  Chester,  Pa.  He  is  a  Pennsyl 
vania  botanist,  and  co-author  with  J.  B. 
Ellis  of  The  North  American  Pyreno- 
mycetes. 

EVERHART,  ISAIAH  FAWKES,  physi 
cian,  naturalist,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1840, 
in  Berks  county,  Pa.  He  served  in  the 
civil  war  as  a  surgeon,  and  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  major.  He  served  as  a 
member  of  the  medical  staff  of  the  Lacka- 
wanna  hospital;  a  member  of  the  Scran- 
ton  board  of  health,  and  surgeon  of  the 
ninth  regiment  of  militia. 

EVERHART,  JAMES  BOWEN,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  author,  poet, 


was  born  July  26, 1821,  in  West  Chester,  Pa. 
In  1876  he  was  elected  a  state  senator, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1880.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  two  volumes  of  poems  entitled  Po 
ems;  and  The  Fox  Chase. 

EVERHART,  JAMES  MARION,  manu 
facturer,  inventor,  was  born  June  7,  1828. 
in  Berks  county,  Pa.  In  1874  he  gained 
entire  control  of  the  Scranton  Brass 
works,  and  has  introduced  many  improve 
ments  and  inventions;  and  has  been  pres 
ident  of  two  coal  companies. 

EVERHART,  JOHN  ROSKELL,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  in  1828  in  West 
Chester,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  civil  war, 
retiring  with  the  rank  of  brevet  lieuten 
ant-colonel.  He  has  traveled  extensively, 
and  in  1892  published  By  Road  and  Rail. 
EVERHART,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  May  17,  1785,  in  Chester  county, 
Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  lower  house 
of  congress  in  1852,  and  declined  a  re-elec 
tion  in  1854.  He  died  Oct.  30,  1867. 

EVERS,  JOHN,  artist,  was  born  Aug. 
17,  1797,  in  Newtown,  L.  I.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Design.  His  best  known  pictures  are  Cre 
ation;  New  York  City;  and  Crystal  Pal 
ace,  London.  He  died  in  Hempstead,  L.  I. 
EVERTS,  ORPHEUS,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  26,  1826,  in  Union  county, 
Ind.  He  is  a  physician  of  Cincinnati; 
and  the  author  of  Giles  and  Co.,  or  Views 
and  Interviews  concerning  Civilization; 
and  What  Shall  we  Do  with  the  Drunkard. 
EVERTS,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  13,  1814, 
in  Granville,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  baptist  cler 
gyman  of  Chicago,  and  later  of  Jersey 
City,  among  whose  many  published  works 
are  included  The  Pastor's  Hand-Book;  Bi 
ble  Prayer-Book;  The  Voyage  of  Life; 
Manhood,  its  Duties  and  Responsibilities; 
Promiseand  Trainingof  Childhood;  Words 
in  Earnest;  The  Baptist  Layman's  Book; 
The  Sabbath;  The  Christian  Apostolate; 
and  Life  of  John  Foster. 

EVINS,  JOHN  H.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  18,  1830,  in 
Spartanburg  county,  S.  C.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  army  during  the  war  of 
the  rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  He  served  as  a  member  of 
the  state  house  of  representatives  for  two 
terms;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  South  Carolina  to  the  forty-fifth,  for 
ty-sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

EVRETT,  ISAAC,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1820,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1866  he  established  and  became  editor 
of  the  Cincinnati  Christian  Standard.  He 
was  the  author  of  Walks  about  Jerusalem; 
Letter  to  a  Young  Christian;  Evenings 
with  the  Bible;  and  other  works.  He  died 
Dec.  18,  1888,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

EWAN,  MARY  C.,  actress,  was  born  in 
1836.  She  attained  a  national  reputation 
as  an  actress;  and  played  in  the  principal 
cities  of  the  United  States.  She  died  in 
1866. 

EWART,  HAMILTON  GLOVER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  23, 
1849,  in  Columbia,  S.  C.  He  was  appoint 
ed  by  Chief  Justice  Waite  register  in 
bankruptcy  for  the  ninth  congressional 
district;  and  was  twice  elected  mayor  of 
Hendersonville.  He  was  district  elector 
on  the  Hajes  ticket  in  1876;  and  received 
the  nomination  for  congress  in  1884.  He 
was  elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  leg 
islature  in  1886,  in  which  body  he  was  an 
active  member.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 


348 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


EWART,  THOMAS  WEST,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  27,  1816,  in  Grand  View,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  that 
formed  the  present  constitution  of  Ohio. 
He  was  a  trustee  of  Denison  university, 
president  of  the  Ohio  baptist  state  con 
vention,  and  vice-president  of  the  Ameri 
can  Baptist  Missionary  union.  He  died 
Oct.  8,  1881,  in  Granville,  Ohio. 

EWBANK,  THOMAS,  scientist,  author, 
was  born  March  11,  1792,  in  England.  He 
was  a  scientist  of  New  York,  at  one  pe 
riod  commissioner  of  patents;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Thoughts  on  Matter  and  Force; 
Hydraulics;  The  World  a  Workshop;  Life 
in  Brazil;  Experiments  in  Marine  Propul 
sion;  and  Reminiscences  in  the  Patent  Of 
fice.  He  died  Sept.  16,  1870,  in  New  York. 

EWELL,  BENJAMIN  STODDART,  sol 
dier,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  June  10,  1810,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  con 
federate  army.  In  1865  he  became  a  sec 
ond  time  president  of  the  William  and 
Mary  college,  which  position  he  retained 
until  his  death. 

EWELL,  JOHN  LOUIS,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1840,  in 
Rowley,  Mass.  He  filled  the  chair  of 
Latin  in  th°  Washington  university  of  St. 
Louis;  is  a  successful  congregational 
clergyman;  and  since  1890  has  been  dean 
of  the  theological  department,  and  pro 
fessor  of  church  history  and  biblical 
exegesis  in  the  Howard  university  of 
Washington,  D.  C. 

EWELL,  MARSHALL  DAVIS,  educator, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1844, 
in  Oxford,  Mich.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Chi 
cago,  and  professor  of  law  in  Union  Col 
lege  of  Law  in  Chicago;  and  the  author 
of  Blackwell  on  Tax  Titles;  Treatise  on 
the  Law  of  Fixtures;  Essentials  of  the 
Law;  and  Manual  of  Medical  Jurispru 
dence. 

EWELL,  PHILANDER,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  was  born  March  3,  1809, 
in  Middlebury,  N.  Y.  In  1855  he  was  a 
representative  in  the  New  York  state  leg 
islature;  subsequently  he  engaged  in 
farming  in  Michigan;  and  since  1869  has 
been  the  proprietor  of  the  Stony  Creek 
Woolen  mills  of  Rochester,  Mich. 

EWELL,  RICHARD  STODDERT,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1817,  in  George 
town,  D.  C.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  the  confederate  army;  and  was 
promoted  to  major-general.  He  died  Jan. 
25,  1872,  in  Springfield,  Tenn. 

EWEN,  MARY  CECILIA,  actress,  was 
born  in  1836  in  New  York  city.  Among 
her  greatest  successes  in  the  various  the 
aters  where  she  played  were  Life  in  New 
York;  Child  of  the  Regiment;  and  Pride 
of  the  Market.  She  died  Nov.  10,  1866,  in 
New  York  city. 

EWEN,  WILLIAM,  patriot,  was  born 
about  1720  in  England.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  council  of  safety,  and  as  first 
president  of  the  executive  council  per 
formed  the  duties  of  governor  in  1775.  He 
died  soon  after  the  revolution  in  Georgia. 

EWER,  FERDINAND  CARTWRIGHT, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  May  22,  1826, 
in  Nantucket,  Mass.  He  was  an  episco 
pal  clergyman  of  New  York  city  of  the 
extreme  ritualistic  school,  whose  Sermons 
on  the  Failure  of  Protestantism  attracted 
much  attention  at  the  time  of  their  deliv 
ery.  His  other  writings  include  The  Oper 
ation  of  the  Ho'y  Spirit;  Grammar  of 
Theology;  Two  Eventful  Nights,  or  the 
Fallibility  of  Spiritualism  Exposed;  and 
Sanctity  and  Other  Sermons.  He  died  Oct. 
10,  1883,  in  Canada. 


EWING,  ANDREW,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1849  to  1851;  and 
took  part  in  the  rebellion  as  a  confeder 
ate.  He  died  June  16,  1864,  in  Atlanta, 
Ga. 

EWING,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  July  8,  1780,  in  Burlington  county, 
N.  J.  He  graduated  at  the  New  Jersey 
college  in  1798;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1802,  and  prac 
ticed  law  at  Trenton. 
He  became  a  council 
or  in  1812;  was  chief 
justice  of  the  state 
from  1824  to  his 
death.  He  received 
the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
from  Jefferson  col 
lege.  He  was  a 
brilliant  lawyer  and 
astute  judge.  He 
died  Aug.  5,  1832,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

EWING,  EDWIN  H.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Tennessee  from  1845 
to  1847;  and  took  part  in  the  rebellion. 

EWING,  ELIE  METCALF,  lawyer,  cap 
italist,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1856,  in  Eliza- 
ville,  Ky.  In  1879  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  the  following  year  moved  to 
Waco,  Texas.  In  1879  he  was  assistant 
chief  clerk  of  the  Kentucky  state  senate. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  expert  ex 
aminer  of  land  titles;  and  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  the  financial 
prosperity  of  his  adopted  state. 

EWING,  ELMORE  E.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1840,  in 
Ewington,  Ohio.  He  entered  college  at 
the  age  of  twenty, 
and  two  years  later 
enlisted  as  a  private 
soldier  in  the  civil 
war.  He  was  soon 
afterward  promoted 
to  lieutenant,  served 
with  distinction,  and 
was  severely  wound 
ed  in  1864.  Since  the 
war  he  has  been  en 
gaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  is  now 
a  successful  mer 
chant  of  Portsmouth,  Ohio.  He  takes  a 
leading  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state,  and  is  prominent  in 
several  fraternal  orders.  He  has  contrib 
uted  both  prose  and  verse  to  the  periodi 
cal  press,  and  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  Bugles  and  Bells,  contain 
ing  incidents  of  the  war  and  other 
themes. 

EWING,  FINIS,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  June  10,  1773,  in  Bedford  county,  Pa. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  who 
with  two  others  organized  the  Cumber 
land  presbyterian  church  in  1810.  He  was 
the  author  of  Lectures  on  Divinity,  which 
is  an  exposition  of  the  doctrines  of  his 
sect.  He  died  July  4,  1841,  in  Lexington, 
Mo. 

EWING,  HUGH  BOYLE,  soldier,  diplo 
mat,  author,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1826,  in 
Lancaster,  Ohio.  He  was  a  general  In 
the  federal  army  during  the  civil  war, 
and  minister  to  the  Netherlands  in  1866- 
70.  Heis  the  author  of  A  Castle  in  the  Air; 
and  Ladron,  a  Tale  of  Early  California. 

EWING,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  horn  Aug. 
3,  1736,  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  general  assembly  from  1771 
till  1775.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  revolu 
tion  he  was  on  the  committee  of  safety 
for  York  county,  and  was  chosen  one  of 
the  two  brigadier-generals  of  the  Penn 


sylvania  associators,  July  4,  1776.  He 
served  as  vice-president  of  Pennsylvania 
from  1782  till  1784.  In  the  latter  year, 
and  under  the  constitution  of  1789-90,  he 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  Penn 
sylvania,  and  served  as  state  senator  from 
1795  till  1799.  He  died  March  1,  1806,  in 
Hellam,  Pa. 

EWING,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
at  sea,  while  his  parents  were  on  their 
way  from  Ireland  to  Baltimore.  He  served 
in  both  branches  of  the  legislature  of  In 
diana;  and  was  a  representative  of  that 
state  in  congress  from  1833  to  1835,  and 
again  from  1837  to  1839.  He  died  in  1857 
in  Vincennes,  Ind. 

EWING,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  June  22,  1732,  in  Nottingham,  Md.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Phila 
delphia,  provost  of  the  university  of  Penn 
sylvania,  1777-1802,  and  eminent  in  his 
day  as  a  scientific  observer.  He  published 
an  Account  of  the  Transit  of  Venus,  and 
his  Lectures  on  Natural  Philosophy  were 
issued  after  his  death.  He  died  Sept.  8, 
1802,  in  Nottingham,  Md. 

EWING,  JOHN  H.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1845  to  1847. 

EWING,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  June  17,  1848,  in  Uniontown, 
Pa.  In  1869  he  graduated  from  the 
Princeton  college,  N. 
J.  He  has  served 
with  distinction  as 
additional  law  judge, 
and  president  judge 
of  the  fourteenth  ju 
dicial  district  of 
Pennsylvania.  He 
has  gained  a  good 
reputation  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  Union- 
town,  Pa.,  the  city  of 
his  birth.  His  grand 
father,  Nathaniel  W. 
Ewing,  and  his  father,  John  K.  Ewing, 
also  filled  the  office  of  president  judge  in 
the  same  district;  and  his  great-grand 
father,  John  Kennedy,  was  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  Pennsyl 
vania. 

EWING,  PRESLEY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  twice  served  in  the 
legislature  of  Kentucky;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  that  state  to  the  thirty- 
third  congress.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1854, 
at  Mammoth  Cave,  Ky. 

EWING,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1789,  in 
West  Liberty,  Va.  In  1830  he  was  elect 
ed  to  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  senate 
from  Ohio,  where  he 
remained  until  1837. 
He  was  a  member  of 
President  Harrison's, 
cabinet  as  secretary 
of  the  treasury  In 
1841;  and  on  the  ac 
cession  of  President 
Taylor  to  the  presi 
dency,  in  1849,  was 
invited  into  the  cab 
inet,  and  took  charge 

of  the  new  department  of  the  interior.  In 
1850  he  was  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  senate,  where  he  remained 
until  1851,  when  he  retired  from  political 
life  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
peace  congress  of  1861;  also  chosen  a 
delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  national 
union  convention  in  1866,  but  did  not 
take  part  in  Its  proceedings.  He  died 
Oct.  26,  1871,  in  Lancaster,  Ohio. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


349 


EWING,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1829,  in  Lan 
caster,  Ohio.  He  removed  to  Kansas  in 
1856,  and  was  appointed  chief  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  for  that  terri 
tory.  He  was  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention  of  the  new  state;  and 
in  1862  entered  the  union  army  as  a  colo 
nel,  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  ma 
jor-general  in  1864.  After  the  rebellion 
he  settled  in  Washington,  where  he  prac 
ticed  law.  Returning  to  Ohio  he  was  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1873;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-fifth  and 
forty-sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

EWING,  THOMAS  DAVIS,  educator, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Dec.  28,  1832,  in  Lewisville,  Pa.  During 
1860-62  he  was  principal  in  Dunlap's 
Creek  academy,  Pa.;  was  ordained  in  1864 
by  the  presbytery,  and  during  1864-89 
filled  pastorates  in  Pennsylvania  and 
Iowa.  Since  1889  he  has  been  pastor  of 
the  presbyterian  church  of  Corning,  Iowa, 
and  president  of  the  Corning  Collegiate 
institute. 

EWING,  WILLIAM  BELLFORD,  physi 
cian,  was  born  in  1776  in  Greenwich,  N. 
J.  He  settled  in  Greenwich,  where  he 
practiced  for  twenty-eight  years.  For 
many  years  he  was  presiding  judge  of 
the  county  courts,  for  ten  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature,  and  a  member  of 
the  New  Jersey  constitutional  convention 
of  1841.  He  died  April  23,  1866,  in  Green 
wich,  N.  J. 

EWING,  WILLIAM  LEE  DAVIDSON, 
soldier,  lawyer,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1795.  In  1826-27  he 
was  United  States  surveyor  of  public 
lands  and  general  of  state  militia.  He 
served  as  major  of  the  Spy  battalion  in 
the  Black-Hawk  war  in  1832;  became  a 
member  of  the  state  senate  in  that  year, 
and  was  its  speaker  in  1834.  In  1835  he 
was  chosen  to  the  United  States  senate  to 
fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  speaker  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives  in  1840,  and 
in  1843  was  chosen  state  auditor,  which 
office  he  held  until  his  death.  He  died 
March  25,  1846,  in  Ohio. 

EYSTER,  C.  S.,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed  from 
that  state  an  associate  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Colorado,  residing  in  Denver. 

EYSTER;  MRS.  NELLIE    BLESSING, 

author,  was  born  in  1831  in  Frederick, 
Md.  She  is  a  writer  for  young  people,  for 
merly  living  in  Pennsylvania,  now  in 
California.  She  is  the  author  of  Sunny 
Hours;  Chincapin  Charlie;  Tom  Harding; 
Lionel  Wintour's  Diary;  and  A  Colonial 
Boy. 

EYTINGE,  ROSE,  actress,  was  born  in 
1835  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  has  attained 
a  national  reputation  as  an  actress. 

EZEKIEL,  MOSES  JACOB,  sculptor, 
was  born  Oct.  28,  1844,  in  Richmond,  Va. 
He  has  attained  national  repute  as  a  suc 
cessful  sculptor. 

FABBRI,  CORA  RANDALL,  poet,  was 
born  in  1871  in  New  York.  She  was  a 
poet  of  Italian  descent  whose  volume  of 
Lyrics  was  published  but  a  few  days  be 
fore  her  death.  She  died  in  1892. 

FABENS,  JOSEPH  WARREN,  diplo 
mat,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1821,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  was  an  envoy  extraor 
dinary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  the 
Dominican  republic;  and  the  author  of 
The  Camel  Hunt,  a  Narrative  of  Personal 
Adventure;  Story  of  Life  on  the  Isth 
mus;  Facts  about  Santo  Domingo;  The 
Last  Cigar,  and  Eight  Other  Poems;  and 
,In  the  Tropics.  He  died  in  1875. 


FABER,  EBERHARD,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Dec.  6,  1822,  in  Bavaria.  In  1861 
he  built  the  first  lead-pencil  factory 
in  the  United  States.  He  also  in 
troduced  the  manufacture  of  penholders, 
gold  pens  and  rubber  goods  of  all  varie 
ties,  connected  with  the  stationery  trade. 
He  died  March  2,  1879,  in  New  York  city. 
FAHNESTOCK,  ALFRED  HAMILTON, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  26,  1842,  in  Warren,  Pa.  During 
1870-73  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  Latin  in  the 
college  of  New  Jer 
sey.  He  studied  the 
ology  for  three  years 
at  Princeton  college, 
from  which  institu 
tion  he  graduated  in 
1871.  Since  1875  he 
has  been  pastor  of 
the  First  Ward  Pres 
byterian  church  of 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  and 
has  attained  distinc 
tion  as  an  eloquent  clergyman.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Autograph  Thanksgiving 
Souvenir;  The  Bride's  Gift  to  Her 
Friends;  has  translated  Dies  Brae;  and 
his  poems  have  appeared  in  various  stan 
dard  works. 

FAILING,  HENRY,  merchant,  was  born 
Jan.  17,  1834,  in  New  York  city.  In  1869 
Mr.  Corbett  and  Mr.  Failing  purchased 
the  First  National  bank  of  Portland,  Ore. 
The  bank  is  probably  the  most  important 
in  the  northwest;  and  Mr.  Failing  finally 
took  the  presidency. 

FAIR,  CAMPBELL,  clergyman,  theo 
logical  writer,  was  born  April  28,  1843, 
in  Holymount,  Ireland.  He  was  a  curate 
of  Birkenhead,  England;  and  a  mission 
ary  in  Ireland.  He  has  been  a  rector  in 
New  Orleans,  New  York  city,  Baltimore, 
and  Grand  Rapids;  and  is  now  dean  of 
Trinity  cathedral  of  Omaha,  Neb.  This 
eminent  protestant  episcopal  clergyman 
has  gained  distinction  as  a  scholastic  the 
ological  writer;  and  for  many  years  was 
editor  of  the  Conservative  Churchman 
and  other  publications. 

FAIR,  JAMES  GRAHAM,  miner,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1831,  near 
Belfast,  Ireland.  He  was  elected  a  sena 
tor  of  the  United  States  from  Nevada  for 
the  term  1881-87. 

FAIRBAIRN,  HENRY  ARNOLD,  phy 
sician,  was  born  May  5,  1855,  in  Cats- 
kill,  N.  Y.  He  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  where 
continuous  devotion  has  won  for  him  a 
leading  position  among  the  celebrated 
physicians  of  that  city. 

FAIRBAIRN,  ROBERT  BRINCKER- 
HOFF,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1818,  in  New  York.  He  is  an  episcopal 
clergyman,  and  warden  of  St.  Stephen's 
college.  Annandale,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Child  of  Faith;  Sermons 
Preached  at  St.  Stephen's;  Morality  in  its 
Relation  to  the  Grace  of  Redemption; 
and  Unity  of  Faith  as  Influenced  by  Spec 
ulative  Philosophy. 

FAIRBANK,  NATHANIEL  K.,  mer 
chant,  was  born  in  1829,  in  Sodus,  N.  Y. 
Mr.  Fairbank  is  now  a  director  in  the 
Commercial  National  bank,  president  and 
principal  owner  of  the  Elk  Rapids  Iron 
company  of  Michigan,  and  vice-president 
of  the  Auditorium  association.  He  was 
formerly  president  of  the  Chicago  board 
of  trade,  and  for  thirteen  years  president 
of  the  Chicago  club. 

FAIRBANKS,  CHARLES  H.,  philolo 
gist,  linguist,  was  born  July  3,  1866,  in 
Oxbou,  N.  Y.  He  took  up  the  study  of 
languages  as  a  pastime,  first  mastering 
French  and  German;  then  learning  Ital 


ian,  Norwegian,  Russian,  and  other  lan 
guages.  He  also  understands  Dutch,  Swed 
ish,  Danish,  Portuguese.  Polish,  Arabic, 
Japanese,  Volopuk,  Finnish,  Aztec  of  Mex 
ico,  and  several  others  of  less  importance. 
FAIRBANKS,  CHARLES  WARREN, 
lawyer.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
May  11,  1852,  near  Unionville  Center,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  delegate  at 
large  to  the  republic 
an  national  conven 
tion  at  St.  Louis  in 
1896,  and  was  tem 
porary  chairman  of 
the  convention.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate 
as  a  republican.  His 
term  of  service  will 
expire  March  3,  1903. 
He  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  several  im 
portant  committees;  and  is  one  of  the 
leaders  of  his  party. 

FAIRBANKS,  ERASTUS,  manufacturer, 
governor,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1792,  in  Brim- 
field, Mass.  Hewasamemberof the  legisla 
ture  from  1836  to  1838;  president  of  the 
Passumpsic  and  Connecticut  River  Rail 
road  company  in  1849;  and  governor  of 
Vermont  in  1852  and  1853.  and  again  in 
1860  and  1861.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1864, 
in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 

FAIRBANKS,  GEORGE  RAINSFORD, 
soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  author,  was 
born  July  5,  1820,  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.  He 
has  been  mayor  of  St.  Augustine,  Fla., 
and  a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  his 
state.  He  has  always  been  prominent  in 
educational  and  religious  work;  and  is  the 
author  of  two  books:  A  History  of  St. 
Augustine;  and  A  History  of  Florida.  He 
was  a  confederate  officer  in  the  civil  war. 

FAIRBANKS,  HENRY,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  inventor,  was  born  May  6,  1830, 
in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  In  1859  he  became 
professor  of  natural  philosophy  at  Dart 
mouth.  He  exchanged  this  chair  for  that 
of  natural  history  in  1865.  and  since  1868 
has  resided  at  St.  Johnsbury,  giving  his 
time  to  mechanical  experiments. 

FAIRBANKS,  HIRAM  FRANCIS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  May  25,  1845,  in 
Leon,  N.  Y.  Since  1880  he  has  been  pas 
tor  of  the  St.  Patrick's  church  of  Mil 
waukee,  Wis.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Visit 
to  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land,  which  has 
passed  through  four  editions. 

FAIRBANKS,  HORACE,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  March 
21,  1820,  in  Barnet,  Vt.  In  1825  he  re 
moved  with  his  father's  family  to  St. 
Johnsbury,  Vt.,  and  became  president  of 
the  E.  and  T.  Fairbanks  Scale  company. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1868;  a 
state  senator  in  1869;  and  a  delegate  to 
the  republican  national  conventions  of 
1864  and  1872.  In  1876  he  was  elected 
governor  of  Vermont  and  served  two 
years.  He  died  March  18,  1888,  in  New 
York  city. 

FAIRBANKS.  JONATHAN,  educator, 
was  born  Jan.  7,  1828,  in  Andover,  Mass. 
He  has  been  engaged  in  educational  work 
in  Massachusetts,  Delaware,  Ohio  and  Mis 
souri;  has  been  superintendent  of  city 
schools  of  Springfield,  Mo.,  and  since  1875 
has  been  county  school  superintendent. 

FAIRBANKS,  THADDEUS,  manufac 
turer,  inventor,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1796, 
in  Brimfield,  Mass.  He  was  the  origina 
tor  and  patentee  of  the  platform  scale, 
gave  to  mankind  the  first  real  improve 
ment  in  the  methods  of  weighing  articles 
of  commerce,  invented  since  the  days  of 
the  old  Roman  steelyard,  and  made  his 
name  known  in  every  part  of  the  world 
where  goods  are  bought  and  sold  or  for 
warded  by  weight. 


350 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FAIRCHILD,  ASHBEL  GREEN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  May  1,  1795,  in 
Hanover,  N.  J.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Pennsylvania,  among  whose 
writings  are  The  Great  Supper,  long  a 
popular  defense  of  Calvinism;  Baptism: 
Faith  and  Works;  and  Confession  of 
Faith.  He  died  in  1864,  in  Smithfleld,  Pa. 

FAIRCHILD,  BEN  L.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1863,  in  Sweden, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  New 
York  city,  and  has  large  real  estate  in 
vestments  in  Westchester  county,  adjoin 
ing  New  York  city.  He  was  the  candidate 
of  his  party  for  delegate  to  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  in  1893;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

FAIRCHILD,  CHARLES  STEBBINS, 
lawyer,  financier,  was  born  April  30,  1842, 
in  Cazenovia,  N.  Y.  In  1874  he  was  ap 
pointed  deputy  attorney  general  of  the 
state  of  New  York;  and  became  attorney 
general.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  assist 
ant  secretary  of  the  United  States  treas 
ury  department.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  of  New  York  city;  has  been  president 
of  the  State  Charities  Aid  association; 
and  is  now  president  of  the  New  York 
Security  and  Trust  company. 

FAIRCHILD,  HERMAN  LE  ROY,  edu 
cator,  geologist,  lecturer,  was  born  April 
29,  1850,  in  Montrose,  Pa.  In  1888  he  was 
called  to  the  chair  of  geology  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Rochester.  Since  1889  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Rochester  Academy 
of  Science.  He  is  the  author  of  a  His 
tory  of  the  New  York  Academy  of 
Sciences. 

FAIRCHILD,  JAMES  HARRIS,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  25,  1817,  in  Stockbridge,  Mass.  He 
is  a  congregational 
clergyman;  was 
president  of  Oberlin 
college  in  1866-89;  and 
the  author  of  Moral 
Philosophy;  Needed 
Phases  of  Christian 
ity;  Oberlin,  the  Col 
ony  and  the  College; 
Elements  of  Theol 
ogy;  and  Woman's 
Right  to  the  Ballot. 
He  has  also  con 
tributed  extensively 
to  current  periodicals. 

FAIRCHILD,  LUCIUS,  soldier,  diplo 
mat,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1831,  in 
Kent,  Ohio.  He  was  appointed  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  second  Iowa  infantry  in 
June,  1861;  and  was  made  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers  in  August,  1862.  He 
was  secretary  of  state  of  Wisconsin  in 
1864  and  1865;  governor  in  1866  and 
1867;  and  in  1880  was  appointed  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  Spain,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1882. 

FAIRCHILD,  MARIA  AUGUSTA,  phy 
sician,  lecturer,  was  born  in  1834  in  New 
Jersey.  She  was  physician  to  women  in 
the  late  Dr.  Troll's 
Health  institution  of 
New  York  city;  and 
is  now  physician  and 
proprietor  in  her 
own  sanitarium  at 
Quincy,  111.  She  is 
the  editor  of  The 
Health  Magazine, 
and  lectures  upon  the 
Science  of  Health, 
Happiness  and  Pros 
perity,  and  Meta 
physical  subjects; 
and  contributes  to  the  leading  medical 
publications. 


FAIRFIELD,  FRANCIS  GERRY,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1844,  in 
Stafford,  Conn.  He  was  a  New  York  city 
journalist  who  was  in  early  life  a  Luth 
eran  minister.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Clubs  of  New  York;  and  Ten  Years  with 
Spiritual  Mediums.  He  died  April  4,  1887, 
in  New  York  city. 

FAIRFIELD,  GENEVIEVE  GENEVRA, 
author,  was  born  in  1832  in  New  York 
She  is  the  author  of  Genevra,  or  the  His 
tory  Fair  of  a  Portrait;  The  Vice-presi 
dent's  Daughter;  The  Wife  of  Two  Hus 
bands;  The  Innkeeper's  Daughter;  and 
Irene. 

FAIRFIELD,  MRS.  JANE  FRAZEE,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1810  in  New  Jersey. 
She  was  the  wife  of  S.  L.  Fairfield,  the 
poet,  of  whom  she  wrote  a  Life  in  1846. 
She  afterwards  published  an  Autobiog 
raphy. 

FAIRFIELD,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Jan.  30,  1797,  in  Saco,  Maine.  In 
1832  he  was  appointed  reporter  of  the  de 
cisions  of  the  supreme  court.  From  1835 
to  1839  he  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maine;  and  was  governor  of 
the  state  during  the  years  1839,  1840,  1842, 
and  1843.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in 
congress  in  1843  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and 
in  1845  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  six 
years.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1847,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

FAIRFIELD,  SUMNER  LINCOLN,  edu 
cator,  author,  poet,  was  born  June  25, 
1803,  in  Warwick,  Mass.  He  was  an  edu 
cator  and  poet  of  Philadelphia  and  else 
where.  He  was  the  author  of  Abaddon, 
the  Spirit  of  Destruction;  Lays  of  Melpo 
mene;  The  Sisters  of  St.  Clara;  Cities  of 
the  Plain;  The  Heir  of  the  World;  The 
Last  Night  of  Pompeii;  Poems  and  Prose 
Writings;  and  Select  Poems.  He  died 
March  6,  1844,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

FAIRHEAD,  JOHN  STERLING,  soldier, 
lumber  manufacturer,  was  born  Dec.  23, 
1841,  in  New  Hartford,  N.  Y.  He  served 
for  three  years  during  the  civil  war  in  the 
one  hundred  and  seventeenth  New  York 
volunteer  infantry.  He  came  to  Jackson 
ville  in  1885,  and  became  a  partner  in  a 
large  lumber  exporting  firm,  which  is  now 
known  as  Fairhead,  Straw  and  Company. 

FAIRLAMB,  JAMES  REMINGTON, 
musician,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1839,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  Between  1867  and  1880  he 
was  successively  director  of  the  music  in 
different  churches  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  was  called  to  a  similar  office  in  the 
Church  of  the  Ascension,  New  York  city, 
and  a  year  later  to  that  of  St.  Ignatius. 
His  published  works,  chiefly  sacred  com 
positions  and  songs,  number  nearly  a 
hundred,  exclusive  of  Valerie  and  Leon- 
ello,  two  operas. 

FAIRMAN,  GIDEON,  engraver,  was 
born  June  26,  1744,  in  Newtown,  Conn.  In 
the  war  of  1812  he  entered  the  army  as 
captain,  and  rose  to  a  colonelcy.  He  con 
tributed  much  toward  the -elevation  of  the 
art  of  engraving  in  the  United  States.  He 
died  March  18,  1827,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FALES,  ALMIRA  L..  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  New  York.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  war  she  entered,  fully  prepared,  on 
the  care  of  sick  and  wounded  soldiers, 
and  at  Pittsburg  Landing  and  other  bat 
tlefields  of  the  west  was  busy  in  minis 
tering  to  the  wants  of  the  sufferers.  She 
died  Nov.  8,  1868,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

FALES.  EDWARD  LIPPITT,  poet.  He 
is  the  author  of  Underneath  the  Mistletoe, 
and  Other  Poems;  and  Songs  and  Song 
Legends  of  Dahkotah  Land. 


FALK,  BENJAMIN  JOSEPH,  photo 
graphic  artist,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1853,  in 
New  York  city.  He  has  made  many  im 
provements  in  photography,  the  most  im 
portant  of  which  was  that  of  photo 
graphing  stage  scenes  by  the  aid  of  elec 
tric  light  in  large  masses.  Among  his 
best  compositions  and  studies  from  life 
are:  The  Fisher  Maiden;  Judith;  and 
The  Curfew  Shall  not  Ring  To-Night. 

FALKNER,  JOHN  W.  T.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1848,  in  Ripley, 
Miss.  In  1890  he  became  president  of  the 
Gulf  and  Chicago  railroad. 

FALL,  CHARLES  GERSHOM,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  in  1845  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston;  and  the  author 
of  Dreams,  a  volume  of  poetry;  A  Village 
Sketch,  and  Other  Poems;  and  Employ 
ers'  Liability  for  Personal  Injuries  to 
their  Employes. 

FALL,  DELOS,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  29,  1848,  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Since  1879  he  has  been  professor  of  chem 
istry  in  the  Albion  college,  Mich.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Michigan  state 
board  of  health;  a  member  of  the  board 
of  education  of  Albion;  and  in  1897  was 
president  of  the  State  Teachers'  associa 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  Laboratory 
Manual  in  Qualitative  Chemistry,  and 
other  works. 

FALLIGANT,  ROBERT,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1839,  in  Sa 
vannah,  Ga.  As  soldier,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor  and  judge,  he  has  been  successful,  and 
is  one  of  the  best  public  speakers  in  the 
state  of  Georgia.  He  was  chosen  state 
representative  in  1882,  and  as  state  sena 
tor  in  1884. 

FALLOON,  GEORGE,  civil  engineer, 
merchant,  state  senator,  was  born  April 
3,  1852.  He  was  educated  as  a  civil  en 
gineer  and  surveyor;  elected  county  sur 
veyor  of  Athens  county  in  1875  and  1881; 
and  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  state  senate 
in  1895. 

FALLOWS,  SAMUEL,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  13,  1835,  near  Manchester, 
England.  He  is  a  bishop  of  the  reformed 
episcopal  faith.  In  early  life  he  was  a 
methodist  minister,  and  during  the  civil 
war  a  brigadier-general  in  the  federal 
army.  He  left  methodism  for  the  reformed 
episcopal  church  in  1875,  and  was  ad 
vanced  to  the  episcopate  the  next  year. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Bible  Story  for 
Young  People;  Complete  Hand-Book  of 
Synonyms  and  Antonyms;  Hand-Book  of 
Abbreviations  and  Contractions;  Hand- 
Book  of  Briticisms,  Americanisms,  etc.; 
The  Home  Beyond,  or  Views  of  Heaven; 
Past  Noon;  and  Complete  Dictionary  of 
Synonyms  and  Antonyms.  He  has  edited 
a  Supplemental  Dictionary  of  the  English 
Language. 

FANCHER,  FANNY  L.,  musician, -po 
et,  was  born  June  21,  1849,. in  Litchfield, 
Ohio.  She  has  attained  success  as  an 
instructor  of  music.  She  has  contributed 
to  Godey'sLady's  Magazine;  Ladies'  Home 
Journal,  and  the  periodical  press,  and 
her  poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  sev 
eral  standard  works. 

FANCHER,  FREDERICK  BARTLETT, 
business  man.  public  official,  was  born 
April  2,  1852,  in  Orleans  county,  N.  Y.  He 
is  a  successful  business  man  of  James 
town.  N.  D.;  has  been  president  of •  the 
North  Dakota  Hospital  for  the  Insane; 
president  of  the  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  North  Dakota  in  1889;  and  in  1894 
became  commissioner  of  insurance  of 
North  Dakota. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


351 


FANEUIL,  PETER,  founder,  was  born 
in  1700,  in  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.  He  was 
the  founder  of  Paneuil  hall,  which,  with 
the  exception  of  the  capitol  at  Washing 
ton,  is  probably  the  best  known  building 
in  the  United  States.  He  died  March  3, 
1743,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PANNING,  DAVID,  free-booter,  author, 
was  born  in  1756  in  Johnston  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  a  famous  free-booter  who  acted 
with  the  royalists  during  the  American 
revolution,  and  was  one  of  those  per 
sons  exempted  by  name  from  benefits  of 
the  general  pardon.  He  was  the  author  of 
a  Narrative  of  Adventures  in  North  Caro 
lina,  edited  by  J.  H.  Wheeler,  and  printed 
privately  in  1861.  He  died  in  1825  in  Dig- 
by,  N.  S. 

PANNING,  JOHN  THOMAS,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1837, 
in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  is  a  distinguished 
civil  engineer  of  Minneapolis,  whose  Trea 
tise  on  Water  Supply  Engineering  has  had 
wide  circulation. 

FARAN,  JAMES  J.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirtieth 
congress;  and  subsequently  became  one 
of  the  proprietors  of  the  Cincinnati  En 
quirer. 

FARFAX,  DONALD  MACNEILL,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1822,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  served  in  the  United  States 
navy  during  the  civil  war;  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  attained  the  rank 
of  rear  admiral. 

FARGO,  JAMES  CONGDEL,  was  born 
May  5,  1829,  in  Pompey,  N.  Y.  In  1866  he 
came  to  New  York  city  as  the  general 
superintendent  and  manager  of  the  Fargo 
Express  company;  and  succeeded  to  the 
presidency  in  1881.  He  is  also  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Merchants'  Despatch  Trans 
portation  company,  and  director  of  sev 
eral  important  railroad  and  express  com 
panies. 

FARIS,  GEORGE  W.,  educator,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  June  9,  1854, 
in  Jasper  county,  Ind.  In  1884  he  was  the 
republican  nominee  for  the  circuit  judge- 
ship,  but  was  defeated  by  a  slender  ma 
jority.  He  has  been  active  in  republican 
politics;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

FARLEE,  ISAAC  G.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1845. 

FARLEY,  E.  WILDER,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1818,  in 
Maine.  He  was  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1845,  and  from  1851  to  1853.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Maine 
from  1853  to  1855;  and  served  in  the  state 
senate  in  1856. 

FARLEY,  HARRIET,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1815,  in  Claremont,  N. 
H.  She  was  a  factory  operative  of  Low 
ell  who,  in  1841  and  subsequently,  edited 
The  Lowell  Offering.  A  selection  from 
its  pages,  Mind  among  the  Spindles,  was 
published  in  London  in  1849.  Shells  from 
the  Strand  of  Genius  is  partly  original 
and  partly  selected.  Fancy's  Frolics,  a 
juvenile  work,  appeared  many  years  later. 

FARLEY,  JAMES  THOMPSON,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1829,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Cali 
fornia  assembly  in  1855  and  1856,  and  the 
latter  year  speaker  of  the  house.  He  was 
elected  a  state  senator  in  1860  and  served, 
by  re-elections,  eight  years.  He  was  elected 
a  senator  of  the  United  States  from  Cali 
fornia  for  the  term  1879-85.  He  died  Jan. 
23,  1886,  in  Jackson,  Cal. 


FARLEY,  MICHAEL,  patriot,  was  born 
in  1719  in  Ipswich,  Mass.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  provincial  congress  of 
Massachusetts  in  1774-75,  and  was  after 
ward  a  member  of  the  house  of  represen 
tatives,  July,  1775.  He  died  June  20,  1789, 
in  Ipswich,  Mass. 

FARLIN,  DUDLEY,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1835  to  1837.  He  died 
Sept.  26,  1837,  in  Warrensburg,  N.  Y. 

FARLOW,  WILLIAM  GILSON,  educa 
tor,  botanist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17, 
1844,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  has  been  a 
professor  of  botany  in  Harvard  univer 
sity  since  1874,  and  the  foremost  Ameri 
can  authority  on  cryptogamic  botany.  He 
is  the  author  of  Marine  Algae  of  New  Eng 
land;  The  Black  Knot;  The  Gymnospo- 
rangia  of  the  United  States;  Index  of  Fun 
gi;  The  Potato  Rot;  and  Diseases  of 
Orange  and  Olive  Trees. 

FARMAN,  ELBERT  ELI,  lawyer,  jurist, 
diplomat,  was  born  April  23,  1831,  in  New 
Haven,  N.  Y.  He  was  chiefly  instru 
mental  in  securing  from  Egypt  the  gran 
ite  obelisk  known  as  Cleopatra's  needle, 
which  stood  so  long  in  front  of  the  tem 
ple  of  Caesar  in  Alexandria  and  is  now  in 
Central  Park,  N.  Y. 

FARMER,  AARON  D.,  type-founder, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1816,  in  Bolton,  Conn. 
He  entered  the  type-foundry  of  Eli 
White;  was  promoted  manager  of  the 
manufacturing  department;  and  later  be 
came  a  member  of  the  firm,  which  was 
changed  to  Farmer,  Little  and  Company, 
of  New  York  city. 

FARMER,  GEORGE  EDGAR,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1840  in  New  York  city.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  died  Feb. 
16,  1870,  in  New  York  city. 

FARMER,  HANNAH  T.  S.,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  March  20,  1823,  in 
Berwick,  Maine.  In  1888  she  erected  in 
Eliot,  Maine,  a  large  edifice,  Rosemary 
cottage,  which  institution  was  trans 
ferred  by  her  to  the  care  of  the  City  Mis 
sionary  society  of  Boston.  She  died  June 
27,  1891,  in  Eliot,  Maine. 

FARMER,  HENRY  TUDOR,  author,  po 
et,  was  born  in  1782  in  England.  He  was 
the  author  of  Imagination;  The  Maniac's 
Dream,  and  Other  Poems.  He  died  Jan 
uary,  1828,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

FARMER,  JOHN,  genealogist,  author, 
was  born  July  12,  1789,  in  Chelmsford, 
Mass.  He  was  a  genealogist  of  New 
England,  whose  Genealogical  Register  of 
the  First  Settlers  of  New  England  is  a 
much  valued  work.  His  other  writings 
include  History  of  Billerica;  History  of 
Amherst;  Gazetteer  of  New  Hampshire; 
and  an  edition,  with  notes,  of  Belknap's 
History  of  New  Hampshire.  He  died  Aug. 
13,  1839,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

FARMER,  JOHN,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
9,  1798,  in  Half  Moon,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
noted  cartographer  of  Detroit  who  pub 
lished  A  Gazetteer  of  Michigan.  He  died 
March  24,  1859,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

FARMER,  LUTHER  M.,  educator,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1856, 
•in  Coneta  county,  Ga.  In  1883  he  grad 
uated  from  the  university  of  Georgia,  and 
then  became  principal  of  schools;  and  in 
1885-86  was  professor  in  the  Howard  col 
lege  of  Marion,  Ala.  He  then  moved  to 
Newman,  Ga.,  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  has  since  practiced  his  profession 
with  success  in  that  city.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  the  board  of  education  until  1894; 
when  he  resigned  that  position  to  be 
come  a  member  of  the  general  assembly 
of  Georgia.  While  a  member  of  the  leg 


islature,  he  was  the  author  of  the  school 
bill  under  which  public  schools  of  Geor 
gia  are  now  conducted. 

FARMER,  MRS.  LYDIA  HOYT,  author, 
poet,  was  born  July  19,  1842,  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  She  is  the  author  of  Aunt  Belin- 
dy's  Points  of  View;  Boys'  Book  of  Fa 
mous  Rulers;  A  Story  Book  of  Science; 
Girls'  Book  of  Famous  Queens;  The 
Prince  of  the  Flaming  Star,  an  Operetta; 
Life  of  Lafayette;  A  Short  History  of  the 
French  Revolution;  A  Knight  of  Faith;  A 
Moral  Inheritance;  and  The  Doom  of  the 
Holy  City. 

FARMER,  SILAS,  publisher,  antiquar 
ian,  author,  was  born  June  6,  1839,  in 
Detroit,  Mich.  He  is  a  publisher  and  an 
tiquarian  of  Detroit;  and  the  author  of 
History  of  Detroit  and  Michigan. 

FARNAM,  CHARLES  HENRY,  arch- 
asologist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1846, 
in  New.  Haven,  Conn.  He  has  been  for 
several  years  assistant  in  archaeology  in 
the  Peabody  museum  of  Yale,  and  has 
published  a  History  of  John  Whitman 
and  his  Descendants. 

FARNAM,  HENRY,  philanthropist, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1803, 
in  Scipio,  N.  Y.  He  removed  to  New 
Haven  in  1839,  and  in  1846-48  built  the 
railroad  that  took  the  place  of  the  canal. 
He  went  to  Illinois  in  1850,  and  with  Jo 
seph  E.  Sheffield  built  the  Chicago  and 
Rock  Island  road,  of  which  he  was  pres 
ident  in  1854-63.  He  died  Oct.  4,  1883,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

FARNAM,  HENRY  WOLCOTT,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1853,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  is  a  professor  of  po 
litical  economy  at  Yale  university;  and 
the  author  of  Die  Innere  Franzosische 
Gewerpolitik  von  Colbert  bis  Turgot. 

FARNELL,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  1854  in  Yorkshire,  England.  In 
1881  he  emigrated  to  America.  He  was  a 
factory  operative  until  twenty-eight 
years  of  age;  then  became  a  newspaper 
reporter;  teacher  of  shorthand;  and  offi 
cial  shorthand  writer  in  Rhode  Island.  In 
1893  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
practices  his  profession  in  Johnston,  R.  I. 

FARNHAM,  MRS.  ELIZA  WOODSON 
(BURHANS),  philanthropist,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  17,  1815,  in  Rensselaerville,  N. 
Y.  She  was  a  philanthropist  who  from  1844 
to  1848  was  matron  at  the  prison  of  Sing 
Sing,  and  later  a  resident  of  California.  She 
was  the  author  of  Woman  and  her  Era, 
which  is  her  most  important  work.  Oth 
ers  are  Life  in  Prairie  Land;  My  Early 
Days;  The  Ideal  Attained;  and  Califor 
nia  Indoors  and  Out.  She  died  Dec.  15, 
1864. 

FARNHAM,  ELLEN  W.,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  1848.  She  has  attained  a  na 
tional  reputation  as  a  philanthropist. 

FARNHAM,  GEORGE  LOOMIS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1824,  in 
Richfield,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  eminently 
successful  as  a  teacher  and  principal  in 
female  seminaries  and  public  schools.  He 
has  been  superintendent  of  schools  in 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.;  Binghamton,  N.  Y.; 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa;  and  for  ten  years 
was  principal  of  the  Nebraska  State  Nor 
mal  schools.  In  1857  he  was  president  of 
the  New  York  State  Teachers'  associa 
tion;  and  in  1886  was  president  of  the 
Nebraska  State  Teachers'  association.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Thought  and  Sen 
tence  Method  of  Teaching,  which  he  con 
siders  his  most  important  work  in  educa 
tional  lines.  The  system  was  first  de 
veloped  and  applied  during  1871-75  in  the 
schools  of  Binghamton;  and  it  has  since 
received  recognition  and  endorsement  by 
the  leading  educators  in  America. 


352 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FARNHAM,  HORACE  PUTNAM,  physi 
cian,  was  born  May  7,  1822,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  settled  in  the  city  of  New 
York  as  a  general  practitioner;  and  in 
1861-63  he  was  attending  physician  to  the 
Northern  dispensary  of  New  York.  He 
died  June  9,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

FARNHAM,  JOHN  MARSHALL  WIL- 
LOUGHBY,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
in  1829,  in  Maine.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
missionary  to  China;  and  the  author  of 
Homeward;  Farnham  Genealogy;  and 
The  Missionary  Complaint  and  Appeal. 

FARNHAM,  LUTHER,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1816,  in  Concord. 
N.  H.  In  1862  he  was  chosen  secretary  of 
the  General  Theological  library  of  Boston. 
He  has  published  A  Glance  at  Private  Li 
braries;  and  has  also  prepared  a  History 
of  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  So 
ciety. 

FARNHAM,  NOAH  LANE,  soldier,  was 
born  June  4,  1829,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
In  1856  he  was  elected  assistant  engineer 
of  the  New  York  Fire  department,  and  in 
1857  joined  the  seventh  regiment,  soon 
attaining  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  He 
died  Aug.  11,  1861,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

FARNHAM,  RALPH,  soldier,  was  born 
July  7,  1756,  in  Lebanon,  Maine.  He  was 
the  last  survivor  of  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill.  In  1780  he  settled  in  Acton,  being 
the  first  white  inhabitant  of  that  town 
ship.  He  died  Dec.  26,  1861,  in  Acton, 
Maine. 

FARNHAM,  ROSWELL,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  governor,  was  born 
Dec.  23,  1827,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
elected  state's  attorney  for  Orange  county, 
Vt.,  in  1859,  and  re-elected  in  1860  and 
1861.  He  served  in  the  union  army  from 
1861  to  1863,  rising  to  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  He  was  elected  state  sen 
ator  in  1868  and  1869;  and  was  a  member 
of  the  statr  board  of  education  in  1873-75. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  na 
tional  convention  of  1876,  and  a  presiden 
tial  elector  the  same  year.  He  was  gov- 
«rnor  of  Vermont  from  1880  to  1882. 

FARNHAM,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1804,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  who  in  1839 
headed  an  expedition  to  Oregon;  and  is 
the  author  of  Travels  in  Oregon  Terri 
tory  (1842);  Travels  in  California;  Me 
morial  of  the  Northwest  Boundary  Line; 
and  Mexico,  its  Geography,  People,  and 
Institutions.  He  died  in  September,  1848. 
in  California. 

FARNSWORTH,  JOHN  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  27,  1820,  in 
Eaton.  Canada.  He  was  a  representative 
to  the  thirty-fifth  congress  from  Illinois, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  committee  on 
revolutionary  pensions.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-sixth  congress,  and  in  1862 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress,  serving  on 
the  committee  on  military  affairs.  In 
1861  he  took  part  in  the  war  as  colonel 
of  volunteers;  raised  and  took  into  the 
field  the  eighth  regiment  of  Illinois  cav 
alry,  serving  in  the  army  of  the  Potomac 
until  1863.  In  1863  and  1864  he  raised  the 
seventeenth  regiment  of  Illinois  volun 
teers  by  order  of  the  war  department;  and 
was  brevetted  a  brigadier-general  in  1862. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress;  was  a  regent  of  the  Smithsonian 
institution;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Pitts- 
burg  soldiers'  convention  of  1866;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  fortieth,  forty-first,  and 
forty-second  congresses  as  a  republican. 

FARNSWORTH,  PHILO  JUDSON. 
physician,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1832,  in  West- 
ford,  Vt.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  phy 
sicians  of  Iowa  at  Clinton. 


FARQUHAR,  ARTHUR  B.,  manufac 
turer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1838,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Md.  In  1889  he  or 
ganized  the  A.  B.  Farquhar  company, 
manufacturers  of  agricultural  implements. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Eco 
nomic  and  Industrial  Delusions. 

FARQUHAR,  JOHN  H.,  soldier,  civil 
engineer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  20, 
1818,  in  Frederick  county,  Md.  In  1861 
he  was  commissioned  as  captain  in  the 
nineteenth  United  States  infantry,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  until  1864,  when 
he  resigned.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Indiana  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress. 

FARQUHAR,  JOHN  M.,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
April  17,  1832,  in  Scotland.  He  served 
throughout  the  civil  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  major,  and  acting  as  judge-advo 
cate  and  as  inspector  on  staff  duty.  In 
1884  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  forty-ninth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty- 
first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

FARR,  ELIZA,  poet.  She  has  written 
extensively  for  the  periodical  press,  and 
several  of  her  poems  have  been  given  a 
place  in  standard  collections. 

FARR,  EVARTS  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1840,  in 
Littleton,  N.  H.  He  served  throughout  the 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  major.  He  was 
appointed  assessor  of  internal  revenue  in 
1870,  and  continued  to  serve  until  the  office 
was  abolished  in  1873.  He  was  prosecut 
ing  attorney  for  Grafton  county  in  1873 
and  1876;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
executive  council  in  1876.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  Hampshire 
to  the  forty-sixth  congress.  He  died  Nov. 
30,  1880. 

FARRAGUT,  DAVID  GLASGOW,  was 
born  July  5,  1801,  near  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
He  was  America's  great  admiral.  His 
capture  of  New  Or 
leans  and  Mobile 
during  the  civil  war 
created  for  him  a 
name  equal  in  fear 
less  bravery  to  Nel 
son;  and  in  gran 
deur  of  character  to 
the  illustrious  Col- 
lingwood.  He  (Hod 
Aug.  14,  1870,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.H.  A 
monument  to  his 
honor  stands  in  Mad 
ison  square,  New  York  city. 

FARRAND,  SAMUEL  ASHBEL,  edu 
cator,  was  born  June  4,  1830,  in  Bridport, 
Vt.  For  twenty-eight  years  he  has  been 
head-master  of  the  Newark  academy, 
Newark,  N.  J.;  and  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  educators  of  the  east. 

FARRAR,  CHARLES  A.  J..  author.  He 
was  a  New  England  writer  who  published 
Moosehead  Lake  and  the  North  Maine 
Wilderness;  Camp  Life  in  the  Wilder 
ness;  The  Lake  and  Forest  Series;  Wild- 
Woods  Life;  and  From  Lake  to  Lake.  He 
died  in  1893. 

FARRAR,  MRS.  ELIZA  W  A  R  H 
[ROTCH],  author,  was  born  in  1791,  in 
Flanders.  She  was  a  writer  of  Cambridge 
who  was  the  wife  of  a  professor  of  math 
ematics  in  Harvard  university.  She  was 
educated  in  England,  where  her  first  book, 
Congo  in  Search  of  his  Master,  was  writ 
ten.  Her  other  works  include  The  Chil 
dren's  Robinson  Crusoe;  The  Young 
Lady's  Friend;  Life  of  Howard;  The 
Story  of  Lafayette;  Youth's  Love- Let 
ters;  and  Recollections  of  Seventy  Years. 
She  died  April  22,  1870,  in  Springfield, 
Mass. 


FARRAR,  FERDINANDO  R.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  lecturer,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1828,  in 
Prince  Edward  county,  Va.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Princeton  college 
and  the  university  of  Virginia.  He  served 
with  distinction  as  a  judge  for  twenty- 
seven  years;  and  for  thirty  years  as  a 
lecturer.  He  began  his  professional  ca 
reer  as  lecturer  in  1866  with  his  famous 
Johnny  Reb  as  his  only  subject,  to  which 
he  has  added  since  Lights  and  Shadows; 
Rip  Van  Winkle;  The  American  Eagle; 
and  four  others,  all  popular  and  clever 
creations. 

FARRAR,  HENRY,  artist,  was  born 
March  23,  1843,  in  London,  England.  His 
principal  works  are  On  the  East  River;  A 
Hot  Day;  A  Calm  Afternoon;  Sunset, 
Coast  of  Maine;  The  Silent  Tongue;  The 
Old  Homestead  at  Twilight;  and  a  No 
vember  Day. 

FARRAR,  JOHN,  educator,  was  born 
July  1,  1779,  in  Lincoln,  Mass.  He  pub 
lished  for  the  use  of  his  pupils  a  trans 
lation  of  Lacroix's  Elements  of  Algebra 
(1818),  which  he  followed  by  selections 
from  Legendre,  Biot,  Bezant,  and  others. 
These  works  were  at  once  adopted  as 
text-books  by  Harvard,  the  United  States 
Military  academy,  and  other  institutions. 
He  died  May  8,  1858,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

FARRAR,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  banker, 
was  born  in  1784,  in  Lincoln,  Mass.  He 
was  one  of  the  chief  founders  of  the  An- 
dover  Theological  seminary,  and  for 
thirty-eight  years  was  treasurer  of  that 
institution  and  of  Phillips  academy.  He 
was  the  first  president  of  the  Andover 
bank,  and  held  the  office  thirty  years. 
He  died  May  13,  1864,  in  Andover,  Mass. 

FARRAR,  THOMAS  CHARLES,  artist, 
was  born  Dec.  16,  1838,  in  London.  He 
came  to  New  York  in  1858;  and  attained 
success  as  an  instructor  in  his  art.  He 
served  in  the  union  army  during  the  civil 
war,  and,  in  1869  returned  to  London, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  Among  his 
works  exhibited  at  the  National  academy 
in  New  York  were  Field-Lily,  and  Twi 
light  on  the  Hudson  (1867);  Beach  at  Has 
tings,  and  English  Farm. 

FARRAR,  TIMOTHY,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  July  11,  1747.  in  Concord, 
Mass.  He  was  a  major  in  the  revolution 
ary  army,  and  after  the  war  became  a 
justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of 
New  Hampshire.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1849, 
in  Hollis,  N.  H. 

FARRAR,  TIMOTHY,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  March  17,  1788,  in  New  Ipswich, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  New  Hampshire  jurist; 
and  the  author  of  Report  of  Dartmouth 
College  Case;  Reviews  of  the  Dred  Scott 
Decision;  and  Manual  of  the  United 
States  Constitution.  He  died  Oct.  27,  1874, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

FARREL,  FRANKLIN,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Feb.  17,  1828,  in  Waterbury, 
Conn.  The  Bridgeport  Forge  Co.,  a  con 
cern  of  which  Mr. 
Farrel  is  president 
and  principal  owner, 
was  organized  and 
located  in  Ansonia, 
Conn.  The  Bridge 
port  Copper  Co.  was 
organized  soon  after- 
ward  through  the  ef 
forts  of  Mr.  Farrel, 
and  its  first  buildings 
erected  in  the  same 

locality.     He  became 

identified     with     the 

Parrot  Silver  and  Copper  Co.,  of  Butte 
City,  Mont.,  and  the  first  mine  was  worked 
in  1877. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


353 


FARRELL,  JEREMIAH  W.,  railroad 
contractor,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1861,  in  Jef 
ferson  county,  N.  Y.  For  ten  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the  democratic  state 
central  committee;  was  judge  of  awards 
at  the  World's  Columbian  exposition;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  state  board  of  trans 
portation.  He  is  a  successful  railroad  con 
tractor  of  Orleans,  Neb. 

FARRELLY,  HUGH  P.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1858,  in  Greene 
county,  111.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Kansas  at  Chanute,  and  in 
1887  and  1890  was  its  city  attorney.  Dur 
ing  1891-94  he  was  county  attorney  of 
Neosho  county;  and  is  now  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  from  the  thirteenth  dis 
trict,  consisting  of  Neosho  and  Wilson 
counties. 

FARRELLY.  JOHN  W.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  July,  1809,  in 
Meadville,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1828;  a  state  senator 
from  1838  to  1841;  and  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1847  to 
1849.  He  was  sixth  auditor  of  the  treas 
ury  from  1849  to  1853.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington. 

FARRELLY,  PATRICK,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1760,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1821  to  1826.  He  died 
Jan.  12,  1826,  in  Meadville,  Pa. 

FARRINGTON,  JAMES,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1791,  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
stfete  legislature  in  1830,  1832,  and  1833, 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1837  to  1839.  He  died  Oct.  29,  1859,  in 
Rochester.  N.  Y. 

FARRIS,  JOHN  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1846,  in 
Marion  county,  111.  He  served  during  the 
civil  war  in  the  forty-eighth  Illinois  in 
fantry,  and  attained  the  rank  of  second 
lieutenant  and  adjutant.  He  was  a  state 
senator  in  1882;  prosecuting  attorney  in 
1890;  and  a  member  of  the  Missouri  state 
legislature  in  1896. 

FARROW,  EDWARD  SAMUEL,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  in  1855, 
in  Maryland.  He  was  an  army  officer  and 
engineer;  and  the  author  of  West  Point 
and  the  Military  Academy;  A  Military 
System  of  Gymnastic  Exercises;  Moun 
tain  Scouting;  Pack  Mules  and  Packing; 
and  Farrow's  Military  Encyclopaedia. 

FARROW,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1760,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  elected  to  congress  from 
South  Carolina  as  a  representative  for  the 
terms  from  1813  to  1817,  but  resigned  in 
1816.  He  served  in  the  state  legislature 
from  1817  to  1821.  He  died  Nov.  18,  1824, 
in  Columbia,  Va. 

FARWELL,  CHARLES  B.,  merchant, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  July  1,  1823,  in  Painted  Post,  N.  Y. 
He  was  elected  coun 
ty  clerk  in  1853,  and 
re-elected  in  1857. 
He  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the 
state  board  of  equal- 
ization  in  1867; 
chairman  of  board  of 
supervisors  in  1868; 
and  was  appointed 
national  bank  exam 
iner  in  1869.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty- 
second,  forty- third, 
forty-fourth  and  forty-seventh  congresses, 
and  was  subsequently  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate. 

23 


FARWELL,  JOHN  VILLIERS,  mer 
chant,  capitalist,  was  born  July  29,  1825, 
in  Mead's  Creek,  N.  Y.  He  is  vice-presi 
dent  and  treasurer  of  the  John  V.  Farwell 
Co.,  one  of  the  largest  dry  goods  jobbing 
houses  in  the  northwest;  and  has  been 
identified  with  the  commercial  life  of  Chi 
cago  about  fifty  years.  He  is  also  presi 
dent  of  the  Colorado  Consolidated  Land 
and  Water  Co.,  which  is  building  a  long 
irrigating  canal  in  Montezuma  county, 
Col.  He  was  Indian  commissioner  during 
General  Grant's  first  term  as  president. 
In  1887,  in  company  with  his  brother 
Charles,  he  built  the  state  house  of  Texas 
in  exchange  for  three  million  acres  of 
land. 

FARWELL,  NATHAN  ALLEN,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  1812,  in  Unity, 
Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  in  1853,  1854,  1861,  and  1862;  presiding 
as  president  of  that  body  during  the  lat 
ter  year.  He  was  elected  to  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1860,  1863,  and  1864;  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Baltimore  convention  in 
1864.  In  October  of  that  year  he  was  ap 
pointed,  and  soon  afterwards  elected,  a 
senator  in  congress  from  Maine  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 

FARWELL,  SAMUEL,  contractor,  was 
born  about  1800.  He  was  a  resident  of 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  and  was  known  throughout 
the  United  States  for  fifty  years  as  a  con 
tractor  for  the  building  of  public  works. 
He  died  Nov.  17,  1875,  in  Saginaw,  Mich. 

FARWELL,  SEWALL  S.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  April  26, 
1834,  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio.  He 
served  as  a  captain  in  the  union  army 
from  1862  to  1865.  He  was  elected  a  state 
senator  in  1865  and  served  four  years; 
was  assessor  of  internal  revenue  from 
1869  to  1873;  and  was  collector  of  inter 
nal  revenue  from  1875  to  1881.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
forty-seventh  congress. 

FASNACHT,  CHARLES  H.,  soldier,  was 
born  March  27,  1842,  in  Lancaster  county, 
Pa.  He  enlisted  in  1861  in  the  ninety- 
ninth  Pennsylvania  regiment,  and  mus 
tered  out  of  service  in  July,  1865,  as  first 
lieutenant.  For  his  gallantry  he  received 
the  United  States  medal  of  honor,  a  silver 
medal  from  the  directors  of  the  sanitary 
fair  at  Philadelphia,  and  the  bronze 
Kearny  badge. 

FASQUELLE,  JEAN  LOUIS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1808,  in  France.  He 
was  a  French  educator  who  came  to 
America  in  1834,  and  was  professor  of 
modern  languages  at  Michigan  university 
in  1846-62.  He  was  the  author  of  Lessons 
in  French;  French  Course;  Telfimaque, 
with  Notes  and  Grammatical  References; 
and  General  and  Idiomatic  Dictionary  of 
the  French  and  English  Languages.  He 
died  in  1862,  in  Michigan. 

FASSETT,  CORNELIA  ADELE,  artist, 
was  born  Nov.  9,  1831,  in  Owasco,  N.  Y. 
She  has  executed  portraits  of  Vice-Presi- 
clent  Henry  Wilson,  Justices  Miller  and 
Field,  Chief- Justice  Waite,  President  Gar- 
field,  John  A.  Logan,  Clara  Barton,  and 
others,  and  in  1877-80  painted  The  Elec 
toral  Commission  in  Open  Session,  con 
taining  portraits  of  about  two  hundred 
persons. 

FASSETT,  JACOB  SLOAT,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1853,  in  Elmira, 
N.  Y.  In  1875  he  graduated  from  the 
Rochester  university;  and  in  1878  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar.  The  same  year  he  was 
commissioned  district  attorney  for  the 
county  of  Chemung;  and  subsequently 
studied  abroad.  During  1884-92  he  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  state  senate; 


•  and  for  a  while  was  temporary  president 
of  the  senate.  In  1888  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  republican  national  convention;  in 
1891  was  nominated  by  the  republicans 
for  governor  of  New  York;  and  has  al 
ways  taken  a  prominent  part  in  public 
affairs.  He  is  engaged  in  several  large 
business  enterprises;  controls  the  El 
mira  Daily  Advertiser;  and  the  manage 
ment  of  the  Second  National  bank;  and 
is  the  responsible  manager  of  the  little 
mining  town  of  Banner,  Idaho. 

FAULK,  ANDREW  J.,  governor,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed 
governor  of  the  territory  of  Dakota  in 
1866,  residing  at  Yankton,  and  remaining 
in  office  until  1869. 

FAULKNER,  CHARLES  JAMES,  was 
born  about  1806,  in  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. 
In  1841  he  was  elected  to  the  senate  of 
Virginia,  and  in  1848  was  elected  to  the 
house  of  delegates.  In  1850  he  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  formed  to  re 
vise  the  constitution  of  the  state.  In  1851 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  four  suc 
cessive  congresses.  In  the  civil  war  he 
acted  as  chief  of  staff  for  General  Stone 
wall  Jackson,  and  wrote  all  his  reports 
and  dispatches;  and  in  1872  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  to  frame  a  consti 
tution  for  West  Virginia.  He  was  also 
elected  to  the  forty-fourth  congress.  He 
died  Nov.  1,  1884,  in  Boydville,  W.  Va. 

FAULKNER,  CHARLES  JAMES,  sol 
dier,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  21,  1847,  in  Martinsburg,  W. 
Va.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the 
thirteenth  judicial 
circuit,  composed  of 
the  counties  of  Jef 
ferson,  Morgan,  and 
Berkeley;  and  was 
elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  as  a 
democrat,  and  took 
his  seat  March  4, 
1887.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  1893.  He 
was  permanent 

chairman  of  the  democratic  state  conven 
tion  of  West  Virginia  in  1888,  and  was 
both  temporary  and  permanent  chairman 
of  the  democratic  state  convention  of 
1892;  and  was  chairman  of  the  democratic 
congressional  campaign  committee  in  1894 
and  1896. 

FAUNCE,  DAVID  WORCESTER,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1829, 
in  Plymouth,  Mass.  He  is  a  baptist  min 
ister  of  New  England;  and  the  author  of 
Words  and  Works  of  Jesus;  Words  and 
Acts  of  the  Apostles;  The  Christian  in 
the  World;  A  Young  Man's  Difficulties 
with  his  Bible;  and  The  Resurrection  in 
Nature  and  Revelation. 

FAUNTLEROY,  THOMAS  TURNER, 
soldier,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1796,  in  Rich 
mond  county,  Va.  He  was  commissioned 
a  lieutenant  in  the  war  of  1812-15  when 
but  seventeen  years  old.  He  studied  law 
in  Winchester,  practiced  in  Warrenton, 
and  in  1823  was  elected  to  the  legislature. 
In  1836  he  was  commissioned  a  major  of 
dragoons  in  the  regular  army,  and  served 
in  the  Seminole  war.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  confederate  service.  He  was  commis 
sioned  a  brigadier-general  by  the  conven 
tion  of  Virginia,  and  placed  in  command 
of  Richmond  and  its  defences.  He  died 
Sept.  12,  1883,  in  Leesburg,  Va. 

FAUQUIER/  FRANCIS,  governor,  was 
born  about  1720.  He  succeeded  Dinwiddie 
as  governor  of  Virginia  in  1758;  and  after 
that  was  lieutenant-governor  until  his 
death.  He  died  March  3,  1768,  in  Virginia. 


354 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FAVILLE,  HENRY,  clergyman,  and 
founder  of  the  Sunday  Evening  Club 
movement,  was  born  July  7,  1847,  in  Mil- 
ford,  Wis.  He  is  a  distinguished  clergy 
man  of  Wisconsin,  and  now  fills  a  pas 
torate  in  La  Crosse. 

FAWCETT,  EDGAR,  author,  was  born 
May  26,  1847,  in  New  York  city.  He  is 
the  author  of  An  Ambitious  Woman;  Fa 
bian  Dimitry;  A  Gentleman  of  Leisure; 
A  Hopeless  Case;  Olivia  Delaplaine; 
Asses'  Ears;  A  New  York  Family;  The 
Confessions  of  Claude;  Purple  and  Fine 
Linen;  A  Mild  Barbarian;  The  House 
at  High  Bridge;  Social  Silhouettes;  The 
Adventures  of  a  Widow;  Tinkling  Cym 
bals;  Rutherford;  Douglas  Duane;  Ellen 
Story  A  Demoralizing  Marriage;  A 
Man's' Will;  Miriam  Balestier.  Inverse 
he  has  published  Short  Poems  for  Short 
People;  The  Buntling  Ball,  a  satire; 
Poems  of  Fantasy  and  Passion;  Romance 
and  Revery;  Song  and  Story;  Songs  of 
Doubt  and  Dream;  and  The  New  King 
Arthur.  He  has  also  written  Agnosticism, 
and  Other  Essays. 

FAWCETT,  LEMUEL  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  June  24,  1845,  in 
Overton,  Pa.  He  served  as  a  soldier  in 
the  union  army;  and  since  1873  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Houston,  Texas,  where  he  is 
judge  of  his  county.  He  is  a  logical 
«p«aker  and  a  well  known  political  writer. 
FAWCETT,  MARY  HUESTIS,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  May,  1843,  in  Ohio. 
She  was  educated  in  the  Mount  Pleasant 
seminary  of  Ohio,  and  for  many  years 
has  contributed  both  prose  and  verse  to 
periodical  literature.  In  1880  she  pub 
lished  a  volume  of  poems;  and  in  1890 
appeared  a  second  volume  entitled  Ernest 
ine  and  Other  Poems. 

FAXON,  EDGAR  WADE,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1857, 
near  Piano,  111.  He  attended  the  com 
mon  schools  and  col 
leges  of  Normal  and 
Naperville,  111.,  and 
graduated  ^ln  the 
Latin  s  c  i  e  n  t  i  fi  c 
course,  and  from  the 
Chicago  College  of 
Law.  He  served 
with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  thir 
ty-fifth  general  as 
sembly  of  Illinois; 
and  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  of  ag 
riculture.  He  was  the  owner  and  pub 
lisher  of  The  Journal  of  Amboy,  111.,  dur 
ing  1879-81;  and  since  1880  has  owned  and 
conducted  a  farm  at  Fox,  111.  He  is  now 
the  owner  and  editor  of  the  Kendall  Coun 
ty  News  of  Piano,  111.;  and  is  a  proml- 
rent  and  able  lawyer  of  that  city. 

FAXON,  HENRY  W.,  journalist,  was 
born  about  1830,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  In 
1861  he  became  an  army  correspondent  for 
New  York  papers.  Among  his  most 
noted  efforts  were  the  Silver  Lake  Snake 
Story;  and  the  A.  P.  L.  Parin  Papers. 
He  died  Sept.  11,  1864,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

FAXON,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  public 
official,  was  born  April  27,  1822,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  He  was  one  of  the  editors  and 
proprietors  of  the  Hartford  Courant;  and 
in  18f>6  established  the  Hartford  Press,  the 
first  republican  paper  in  Connecticut.  He 
was  chief  clerk  of  the  navy  department 
from  1861  to  1866;  and  assistant  secretary 
of  the  navy  from  1866  to  1869. 

FAY,  AMY,  musician,  author,  was  born 
In  1844,  in  Louisiana.  She  is  a  Chicago 
musician;  and  the  author  of  Music  Study 
in  Germany. 


FAY,  EDWARD  ALLEN,  educator,  au 
thor  was  born  Nov.  22,  1843,  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.  He  has  been  prominent  in 
educational  work,  and  was  editor  of 
American  Annals  of  the  Deaf.  He  is  the 
author  of  Concordance  of  the  Divina 
Commedia,  and  other  works. 

FAY,  FRANCIS  BALL,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  June  12, 
1793,  in  Southborough,  Mass.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  senate  in 
1842  and  1845;  mayor  of  Chelsea  in  1857; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1852  to  1853.  He  died 
Oct.  6,  1876,  in  South  Lancaster,  Mass. 

FAY,  FRANKLIN  BRIGHAM,  state 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1821,  in  South- 
boro.  Mass.  In  1851  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  state  legislature;  and 
in  1867  served  with  distinction  as  a  state 
senator.  During  1861-63  he  was  mayor  of 
Chelsea,  Mass. 

FAY,  GEORGE  H.,  soldier,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1842,  in 
Hudson,  N.  H.  During  1861-65  he  served 
as  a  soldier  in  the  civil  war  and  became 
captain  of  the  United  States  volunteers. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  the  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  North  Dakota  in  1891;  and  has 
been  state's  attorney  and  county  judge  of 
.  Mclntosh  county,  N.  D. 

FAY,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  May  10,  1813,  in  Northampton,  N.  Y. 
In  1867  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
criminal  court.  He  died  April  9,  1876. 

FAY,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Worcester  county,  Mass.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1819  to  1821. 

FAY.  JONAS,  surgeon,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1737,  in  Hard- 
wick,  Mass.  He  was  author  of  the  declar 
ation  submitted  to  congress.  He  was  sec 
retary  of  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  that  year,  and  a  member  of  the 
council  of  safety;  and  a  member  of  the 
state  council  from  1778  to  1785.  He  was 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  in  1782;  judge 
of  probate  from  1772  to  1787;  and  agent 
of  the  state  to  congress  in  1777,  1779,  1781, 
and  1782.  He  died  March  6,  1818,  in  Ben- 
nington,  Vt. 

FAY,  JOSEPH  STORY,  merchant,  farm 
er,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1812,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  was  a  successful  merchant  of 
Savannah,  Ga.,  and  for  over  forty  years 
has  been  a  farmer  at  Woods  Holl,  Mass. 
He  has  reclaimed  by  cultivating  several 
hundred  acres  of  land  into  a  magnificent 
forest  of  pine  trees;  and  is  a  member  of 
the  American  forestry  congress. 

FAY,  ORLIN  PRENTICE,  soldier,  gen 
ealogist,    was    born    Sept.     13,    1820,    in 
Plattsburgh,  N.  Y.     He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Frank 
lin    academy    of   his 
native  city.     He  was 
a    soldier     in     the 
^j,          union    army    during 


the  civil  war;  and  is 
now  a  pensioner. 
For  many  years  he 
has  been  a  band 
^^  teacher  at  Vermont- 

^  '   W   \  ill,.,  Mich.     He  has 

£  I  been  county  and 

«..jM   state     deputy     grand 
worthy  chief  Templar 

of  New  York  state;  and  has  filled  nu 
merous  other  positions  of  trust.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  has  been  engaged  on  a  Gen 
ealogy  of  the  Fay  Family,  which  will  be 
published  in  1898. 


FAY,  THEODORE  SEDGEWICK.  jour 
nalist  diplomat,  author,  was  born  Feb.  10, 
1807,  in  New  York.  He  is  a  writer  who 
belongs  to  the  gen 
eration  of  literary 
New  Yorkers  which 
included  Halleck, 
Willis,  and  Bryant. 
He  was  secretary  of 
legation  at  Berlin, 
1837-53,  minister  to 
Switzerland  1853-61. 
He  has  since  lived  in 
Berlin.  The  novel 
Norman  Leslie  is  his. 
best  known  work. 
Others  are.  Dreams 
and  Reveries  of  a  Quiet  Man;  The 
Minute  Book,  a  record  of  travel;  Coun- 
tees  Ida;  Hoboken,  a  romance  of  New 
York;  Sidney  Clifton;  Robert  Rueful;  Ul- 
ric,  a  \olume  of  verse;  Views  of  Christi 
anity;  Great  Outlines  of  Geography;  His 
tory  of  Switzerland;  and  History  of  the 
Three  Germanys. 

FAYERWEATHER,  LUCY,  philanthro 
pist.  She  attained  note  as  a  philanthro 
pist.  She  died  in  1892. 

FEARING,  BENJAMIN  DANA,  soldier, 
was  born  Oct.  10,  1837,  in  Harmar,  Ohio. 
In  1862  he  was  made  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  ntnety  -  second 
Ohio,  which  he  had 
assisted  in  raising, 
and  was  promoted  to 
J^M  colonel  in  1863.  He 
defended  Hoover's. 
Gap  at  the  head,  of 
three  regiments,  and 
distinguished  h  i  m  - 
self  at  Chickamauga, 
where  he  was  severe 
ly  wounded.  He  was 
brevetted  brigadier- 
general  of  volun 
teers;  and  commanded  a  brigade  in  Sher 
man's  march  to  the  sea.  He  died  Dec. 
9,  1881,  in  Harmar,  Ohio. 

FEARING,  DANIEL  BUTLER,  capital 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1859,  in  Newport, 
R.  I.  He  has  been  school  commissioner 
and  alderman  of  Newport,  R.  I.;  was 
elected  mayor  in  1893;  and  is  a  director 
of  the  National  Bank  of  Rhode  Island. 

FEARING,   LILLIEN  B.,   lawyer,  poet. 
'  She  is  the  author  of  The  Sleepy  World 
and   Other   Poems;     In   the  City   by   the 
Lake;    and  Roberta. 

FEARING,  PAUL,  lawyer,  jurist,  con- 
gres  man,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1762,  In 
Wareham,  Mass.  He  was  appointed 
United  States  attorney  for  Washington 
county,  Ohio  territory;  and  in  1797  was 
appointed  judge  of  probate  for  his  county. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  first  legislative 
council  of  Ohio  in  1799,  and  in  1801  was 
chosen  a  delegate  to  congress,  serving  un 
til  1803.  In  1814  he  was  appointed  master 
commissioner  in  chancery,  and  from  1810 
to  1817  was  judge  in  one  of  the  state 
courts.  He  died  Aug.  21,  1822. 

FEARN,  WALTER,  soldier,  lawyer,  dip 
lomat,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1832,  in  Ilunts- 
ville,  Ala.  He  went  as  secretary  to  the 
United  States  minister  to  Belgium;  and 
in  1856  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  le 
gation  of  the  United  States  at  Mexico. 
He  was  professor  of  Spanish  and  Italian 
in  the  university  of  Louisiana,  when,  in 
1885,  he  was  appointed  United  States  min 
ister  resident  and  consul  general  to 
Greece,  Roumania,  and  Servia. 

FEASTER,  THOMAS  J.,  physician, 
banker,  state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  12, 
1860,  in  Warsaw,  Mo.  He  is  a  successful 
physician  and  banker  of  China  Springs, 
Mo.;  and  has  served  with  distinction  as  a 
representative  in  the  thirty-ninth  general 
assembly  of  Missouri. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


355 


FEATHERSTON,  LEWIS  PORTER, 
planter,  congressman,  was  born  July  28, 
1851,  in  Oxford,  Miss.  He  removed  to  St. 
Francis  county,  Ark.,  where  he  engaged 
in  planting.  He  was  elected  to  the  state 
house  of  representatives  in  1886  for  the 
term  of  1887-88.  He  was  elected  to  con 
gress  in  1888,  but  counted  out;  contested 
and  was  seated  March  5,  1890. 

FEATHERSTON,  WINFIELD  SCOTT, 
soldier,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  8, 
1S21,  in  Rutherford  county,  Tenn.  He  was 
elected  to  congress  as  a  democrat,  and 
served  in  1847-51,  but  was  defeated  for  a 
third  term  by  the  union  candidate.  He 
took  part  in  the  rebellion  of  1861-65  as  a 
brigadier-general. 

FEBIGER,  CHRISTIAN,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1746,  in  Denmark.  He  served  in 
the  revolutionary  war,  retiring  from  ac 
tive  service  Jan.  1,  1783,  and  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  in  the  following 
September.  He  died  Sept.  20,  1796,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FEBIGER,  JOHN  CARSON,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1821,  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  He  served  in  the  United  States  navy 
during  the  civil  war;  attained  the  rank 
of  commodore;  and  in  1882  he  was  made 
rear  admiral  in  the  United  States  navy. 

FECHTER,  CHARLES  ALBERT,  actor, 
was  born  Oct.  23,  1824,  in  London,  Eng 
land.  He  came  to  New  York  and  appeared 
for  the  first  time  on  the  American  stage 
at  Niblo's  garden  in  1870,  as  Ruy  Bias. 
The  last  part  which  he  created  was  Karl 
in  Lover's  Penance,  produced  at  the  Park 
theater  in  1874.  He  died  Aug.  5,  1879. 

FEEHAN,  PATRICK  A.,  Roman  catho 
lic  archbishop,  was  born  in  1829,  in  Ire 
land.  He  acquired  great  reputation  as 
pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception  in  St.  Louis,  and  in  1865  was 
consecrated  bishop  of  Nashville,  Tenn.; 
and  is  now  archbishop  of  Chicago. 

FEGELY,  WILLIAM  OLIVER,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1867,  in  Brein- 
igsville,  Pa.  After  receiving  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Keystone  Normal  school  of 
Kutztown,  Pa.,  he  taught  school.  In  1887 
he  entered  Muhlenberg  college  of  Allen- 
town  and  graduated  in  1890.  He  then 
studied  theology  at  the  Lutheran  Theo 
logical  seminary;  and  has  since  attained 
success  as  a  clergyman.  His  poems  have 
been  given  a  place  in  several  standard 
works. 

FEGLEY,  HARRY  WINSLOW,  educa 
tor,  librarian,  was  born  July  2,  1871,  in 
Hereford,  Pa.  He  attended  Ursinus  and 
Eastman  colleges;  taught  school  for  sev 
eral  years;  and  was  elected  president  of  the 
Hereford  Literary  society,  the  oldest  so 
ciety  of  its  kind  in  eastern  Pennsylvania, 
and  which  office  he  still  fills,  being  also 
its  librarian. 

FEHR,  FRANK,  brewer,  was  born 
March  3,  1844,  in  Germany.  He  founded 
the  firm  of  Brohm  and  Fehr  of  Louis 
ville,  Ky.;  soon  became  sole  proprietor, 
and  so  continued  until  the  firm  was  in 
corporated  in  1890,  when  he  generously 
admitted  to  partnership  every  man  who 
had  been  with  him  five  years.  He  died 
March  15,  1891. 

FEHR,  HERMAN,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  27,  1865,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  Since 
1886  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  in  his  native  city,  and  has  achieved 
eminence  at  the  bar. 

FEHR,  JULIUS,  physician,  pharmacist, 
was  born  March  29,  1825,  in  Germany. 
After  experimenting  for  several  years,  he 
succeeded  in  perfecting  his  celebrated 
preparation  of  compound  talcum.  From 
a  small  beginning  in  1873,  the  manufac 


ture  of  Fehr's  compound  talcum  grew  to 
be  a  large  and  increasing  business,  extend 
ing  not  only  through  the  United  States, 
but  to  foreign  lands. 

FEININGER,  CHARLES  WILLIAM 
FREDERICK,  composer,  was  born  July 
31,  1844,  in  Germany.  He  has  written 
symphonies  and  overtures  for  orchestra 
and  operetta  choruses  and  songs. 

FELCH,  ALPHEUS,  lawyer,  jurist,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  28,  1806,  in  Limerick,  Maine.  He 
was  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  state  legis 
lature  in  1836  and 
1837;  was  appointed 
bank  commissioner 
of  Michigan  in  1838, 
and  resigned  in  1839; 
for  a  short  time  in 
1842  was  auditor 
general  of  the  state, 
but  relinquished  that 
position  for  a  seat  on 
the  bench  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Mich 
igan.  In  1845  he  was  elected  governor; 
resigned  in  1847,  and  was  elected  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  for  six  years;  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Chicago  convention  of 
1864.  For  many  years  he  was  professor 
of  law  in  the  university  of  Michigan. 

FELCH,  WILL  FARRAND,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  He 
has  written  several  works  of  fiction,  a  few 
dramas,  and  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Legends  and  Lyrics. 

FELDER,  JOHN  MYERS,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  July  7,  1782, 
in  Orangeburg,  S.  C.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  assembly  in  1812,  and  subse 
quently  of  the  senate.  He  was  a  trustee 
of  South  Carolina  college;  served  as  a 
major  of  militia;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  South  Carolina  from 
1831  to  1835.  He  died  Sept.  1,  1851,  in 
Union  Point,  Ga. 

FELKER,  CHARLES  W.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1834,  in 
Penn  Yan,  N.  Y.  He  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  attended  the  Brockport 
Collegiate  institute.  During  the  civil  war 
he  served  gallantly  as  captain  of  the  for 
ty-eighth  regiment  Wisconsin  volunteer 
infantry.  Since  1875  he  has  been  actively 
engaged  in  the  profession  of  law  at  Osh- 
kosh,  Wis.  He  has  served  as  postmaster 
of  his  city;  as  alderman;  and  as  superin 
tendent  of  schools. 

FELL,  GEORGE  E.,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  July  10,  1849,  in  Chippewa,  On 
tario,  Canada.  He  has  been  professor  of 
physiology  and  microscopy  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Niagara.  He  was  the  first  to  prac 
tically  demonstrate  the  value  of  forced 
respiration  in  saving  human  life. 

FELL,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  New  Jersey  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  1778  to  1780. 

FELL,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  July  15,  1851,  in  Liv 
erpool,  England.  He  is  best  known  as  the 
honored  president  of  the  St.  John's  col 
lege  of  Annapolis,  Md. 

FELLOWS,  ISAIAH,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Aug.  20,  1860,  in  England.  In  1868 
he  emigrated  with  his  parents  to  Ameri 
ca,  and  has  since  lived  in  Cohoes,  N.  Y. 
In  1891  he  was  elected  school  commission 
er;  and  the  same  year  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  hospital  commission.  In 
1896  he  was  appointed  for  a  term  of  four 
years  judge  of  the  recorder's  court  of 
his  city,  with  criminal  jurisdiction.  He 
has  a  large  practice  in  railroad  and  life 
insurance  litigation. 


FELLOWS,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1733,  in  Pomfret,  Conn.  He  served  in  the 
French  and  Indian  war;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  provincial  con 
gress  in  1775.  He  died  Aug.  1,  1808,  in 
Sheffield,  Mass. 

FELLOWS,  JOHN,  author,  was  born  in 
1760,  in  Sheffield,  Mass.  He  was  the  an- 
thor  of  The  Veil  Removed;  and  Mysteries 
of  Free  Masonry.  He  died  in  1844. 

FELLOWS,  JOHN  R.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  29,  1832  in 
Troy,  N.  Y.  He  settled  in  Arkansas, 
and  was  elected  to  the  state  senate.  He 
removed  to  New  York  city  in  1868;  was 
appointed  assistant  district  attorney  in 
1869;  and  was  elected  district  attorney  in 
1887.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

FELLOWS,  SAMUEL  M.,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1818,  in  North 
Sandwich,  N.  H.  In  1859  he  was  elected 
president  of  Cornell  college  of  Mt.  Ver- 
non,  Iowa,  serving  until  1863.  He  died 
June  26,  1863. 

FELT,  DAVID  P.,  journalist,  was  born 
Aug.  7,  1860,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  He 
is  prominent  in  the  newspaper  world,  and 
is  editor  and  owner  of  the  Independent  of 
Springville,  Utah.  In  1897  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Utah  Press  association. 

FELT,  JOSEPH  BARLOW,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1789,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  minister 
of  Massachusetts  who,  after  retiring  from 
the  ministry,  devoted  himself  to  anti 
quarian  research  at  Salem.  He  was  the 
author  of  Annals  of  Salem;  History  of 
Ipswich,  Essex,  and  Hamilton;  Histori 
cal  Account  of  Massachusetts  Currency 
Memoirs  of  Hugh  Peters;  The  Customs  of 
New  England;  and  Ecclesiastical  History 
of  New  England.  He  died  in  1869. 

FELTON,  CHARLES  N.,  public  official 
congressman,  was  born  in  1832,  in  Erie 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  under-sheriff  of 
Yuba  county,  Cal.,  in  1857;  was  elected 
tax  collector  of  that  county;  and  served 
two  terms  as  a  representative  in  the  Cali 
fornia  legislature.  He  served  as  officer 
of  the  United  States  mint  at  San  Fran 
cisco  for  six  years,  a  part  of  the  time  as 
assistant  treasurer,  and  the  remainder  as 
treasurer  of  the  mint.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  California 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  as  a  republican;  and 
in  1891-93  served  as  United  States  senator 
to  fill  a  vacancy. 

FELTON,  CORNELIUS  CONWAY,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1807,  in 
West  Newbury,  Mass.  He  was  a  Greek 
scholar  of  eminence 
who  was  president  of 
Harvard  college  in 
1860-62.  Besides  his 
many  translations 
from  the  Greek, 
among  which  The 
Clouds  and  The 
Birds  of  Aristo 
phanes  are  the  most 
noteworthy,  he  pub 
lished  Selections 
from  Modern  Greek 
Writers,  with  Notes; 
Familiar  Letters  from  Europe;  and 
Greece,  Ancient  and  Modern.  He  died 
Feb.  26,  1862,  in  Chester,  Pa. 

FELTON,  JOHN  BROOKS,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  1827,  in  Sangus,  Mass.  He  was 
mayor  of  Oakland,  where  he  lived;  and 
was  for  many  years  a  regent  of  the  uni 
versity  of  California,  of  which  he  was  one 
of  the  founders.  He  died  May  3,  1877,  in 
Oakland,  Cal. 


356 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FELTON,  SAMUEL  MORSE,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  July  17,  1809,  in  New- 
bury,  Mass.  He  became  superintendent 
and  engineer  of  the  Fitchburg  railroad  in 
1843,  and  left  it  in  1851  to  become  the 
president  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wilming 
ton  and  Baltimore  road,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1865.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1889, 
in  Harvard,  Pa. 

FELTON,  SAMUEL  MORSE,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1853,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  president  of  the  Cin 
cinnati,  New  Orleans  and  Texas  Pacific 
railway. 

FENDALL,  JOSIAS,  governor,  was  born 
in  England.  In  1657  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Maryland,  serving  until  1660. 

FENN,  F.  M.  O.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Nov.  9,  1860,  in  Fort  Bend  county, 
Texas.  He  attended  the  Roanoke  college, 
Virginia,  and  the  university  of  Virginia; 
and  is  the  holder  of  the  orator's  medal 
from  both  institutions.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Richmond, 
Texas,  where  he  has  always  taken  great 
interest  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county 
and  state.  In  1895  he  was  appointed 
special  judge  for  Fort  Bend  county,  Tex., 
by  Governor  C.  A.  Culberson;  but  he  de 
clined  to  serve  in  that  office,  preferring  to 
give  his  large  legal  practice  the  benefit 
of  his  time  and  ability. 

FENN,  HARRY,  artist,  was  born  Sept. 
14,  1838,  in  Surrey,  England.  He  has 
achieved  great  success  as  an  illustrator  of 
books.  Some  of  his  best  work  is  con 
tained  in  Picturesque  America,  Pictur 
esque  Europe,  and  Picturesque  Palestine. 

FENN,  STEPHEN  S.,  farmer,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  28,  1820, 
in  Watertown,  Conn.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  legislative  council  of  Idaho  in  1864 
and  1865;  district  attorney  in  1869;  and 
again  in  the  assembly  in  1872,  and  served 
as  speaker  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives.  He  was  elected  a  delegate  from 
Idaho  to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and 
re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress. 

FENNER,  ARTHUR,  governor,  was 
born  in  1745,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was 
clerk  of  the  superior  court  of  the  state; 
and  was  chosen  governor  in  1789,  and 
served  until  his  death.  He  died  Oct.  15, 
1805,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

FENNER,  CORNELIUS  GEORGE,  cler 
gyman,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1822,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  at  one  time  in  charge  of  a 
church  at  Cincinnati;  and  the  author  of 
Poems  of  Many  Moods.  He  died  Jan.  4, 
1847,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

FENNER,  JAMES,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  1771,  in  Prov 
idence,  R.  I.  He  was  United  States  sena 
tor  from  1805  to  1807,  when  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Rhode  Island,  which 
office  he  held  for  four  years.  He  was  again 
elected  in  1824,  and  served  seven  years; 
and  was  again  elected  in  1844.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1821,  1827,  and  1837; 
and  was  president  of  the  convention  that 
framed  the  state  constitution  in  1842.  He 
died  April  17,  1846,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

FENNER,  MRS.  MARY  GALENTINE, 
poet,  was  born  May  17,  1839,  in  Rush,  N. 
Y.  She  has  written  extensively  both  prose 
and  verse  for  current  publications;  and 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  Poems. 

FENNO,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  actor, 
was  born  March  1,  1814,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  appeared  in  Philadelphia  in  1848,  at 
the  Arch  Street  theater,  as  Romeo;  visited 
California  in  1850,  and  went  to  England 
in  1864.  He  died  Feb.  14,  1873,  in  New 
York  city. 


FENTON,  LUCIEN  J.,  banker,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  7,  1844,  in  Winchester, 
Ohio.  He  was  superintendent  of  public 
schools  in  Ohio  for  a 
number  of  years, 
serving  a  portion  of 
the  time  as  one  of 
the  school  examiners 
for  Adams  county; 
and  was  awarded  a 
high-school  life  cer 
tificate  by  the  Ohio 
state  board  of  school 
examiners  in  1878. 
He  organized  the 
Winchester  bank  in 
1884,  and  still  retains 
connection  therewith.  He  was  appointed 
a  trustee  of  the  Ohio  university  by  Gov 
ernor  McKinley  in  1892;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth,  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

FENTON,  REUBEN  EATON,  congress 
man,  governor,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  July  1,  1819,  in  Carroll,  N.  Y.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  thirty- 
third  and  thirty-fifth  congresses  from 
New  York;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-sixth,  thirty-seventh,  and  thirty- 
eighth  congresses.  He  resigned  to  accept 
the  governorship  of  New  York  for  1865 
and  ]866,  to  which  he  had  been  elected; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position 
in  1869.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  for  the  term  ending  in  1875.  He  died 
Aug.  25,  1885,  in  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

FENTON,  WILLIAM  MATTHEW,  law 
yer,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1808,  in  Norwich, 
N.  Y.  In  1848  he  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Michigan,  and  re-elected  in 
1850  and  1851.  He  died  May  13,  1871,  in 
Flint,  Mich. 

FENWICK,  BENEDICT  JOSEPH, 
bishop,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1782,  in  Leonard- 
town,  Md.  In  1817  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  Georgetown  college;  and  was  at 
the  same  time  rector  of  Trinity  college. 
In  1825  he  was  appointed  second  Ro 
man  catholic  bishop  of  Boston.  He  died 
Aug.  11,  1846,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

FENWICK,  CUTHBERT,  was  born  in 
England.  He  sat  in  the  assembly  of  1648, 
and  in  several  others.  He  was  speaker 
of  the  house  of  burgesses  when  it  sat 
separate  from  the  council  in  1649.  He 
died  in  1655,  in  Fenwick  Manor,  Md. 

FENWICK,  EDWARD  D.,  Roman  cath 
olic  bishop,  was  born  in  1768,  in  St.  Mary's 
county,  Md.  In  1805  Father  Fenwick 
traversed  the  entire  valley  of  the  Missis 
sippi  on  a  tour  of  observation  with  the 
view  of  finding  a  suitable  center  for  his 
missionary  labors.  He  selected  a  farm 
in  Kentucky,  paid  for  it  out  of  his  pri 
vate  fortune,  and  in  the  spring  of  1806 
built  on  it  the  Dominican  convent  of  St. 
Rose  of  Lima.  He  died  Sept.  26,  1832,  in 
Wooster,  Ohio. 

FENWICK,  JOHN  R.,  soldier,  was  horn 
in  1780,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was 
appointed  lieutenant  of  United  States  ma 
rines  in  1799.  He  was  commissioned 
colonel  of  the  fourth  artillery  in  1822, 
and  brevet  brigadier-general  in  1823.  He 
died  March  19,  1842,  in  France. 

FERDON,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1828,  in 
Piermont,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature  in  1855;  a 
state  senator  in  1856  and  1857;  and  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  national  conven 
tions  of  1864  and  1876.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-sixth  congress  as  a  republican.  He 
died  Aug.  6,  1884. 


FERGUSON,  BENJAMIN  H.  S.,  clergy 
man,  was  born  July  14,  1861,  in  Pickens- 
ville,  Ala.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Rust  university  of  Holly  Springs. 
Miss.,  and  subsequently  received  the  de 
gree  of  LL.  D.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  clergyman  in  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church;  and  has  been  pastor  in  vari 
ous  cities  in  the  Upper  Mississippi  con 
ference. 

FERGUSON,  ELIZABETH,  poet,  was 
born  in  1739  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  was  a 
writer  of  poems  and  a  translator  of 
French  verse.  She  died  Feb.  23,  1801,  in 
Graeme  Park,  Pa. 

FERGUSON,  EMORY  C.,  contractor, 
miner,  legislator,  was  born  March  5,  1833, 
in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y.  He  moved 
to  San  Francisco  in  1854,  arriving  there 
one  year  later.  He  engaged  in  mining 
and  mercantile  business,  but  subsequent 
ly  settled  in  Washington,  where  he  be 
came  a  successful  carpenter  and  builder. 
In  1864  he  was  elected  to  the  territorial 
legislature,  has  since  served  seven  ses 
sions,  and  was  speaker  of  the  house  for 
one  term.  In  1884-85  he  was  a  commis 
sioner  to  the  cotton  centennial  exposition 
held  in  New  Orleans.  He  has  been  mayor 
of  the  city  of  Snohomish  for  six  terms, 
and  is  now  engaged  in  quartz  mining. 

FERGUSON,  FENNER,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  25,  1814,  in 
Nassau,  N.  Y.  He  was  master  in  chan 
cery  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  1844;  also  mas 
ter  in  chancery  in  Michigan,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Michigan  legislature,  and  pros 
ecuting  attorney.  In  1854  he  was  appoint 
ed  chief  justice  of  the  territory  of  Ne 
braska,  which  office  he  resigned,  after  be 
ing  elected  a  delegate  to  the  thirty-fifth 
congress  from  that  territory.  He  died  in 
November,  1859,  in  Bellevue,  Nebraska 
territory. 

FERGUSON,  HENRY  CLAY,  lawyer, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1846,  in  Butler  county, 
Ky.  He  has  attained  success  as  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of  Texas,  where  he  has 
a  large  practice  in  Denton. 

FERGUSON,  JAMES,  civil  engineer, 
astronomer,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1797,  in 
Scotland.  He  has  been  a  valued  contrib 
utor  to  discoveries  in  astronomy  and  an 
assistant  in  determining  the  boundary 
of  the  United  States.  He  died  Sept.  26, 
1867. 

FERGUSON,  SAMUEL  DAVID,  bishop, 
was  born  Jan.  1,  1842,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
In  1885  he  came  to  the  United  States,  and 
was  consecrated  in  Grace  church,  New 
York  city,  in  1885.  Soon  afterward  he  re 
turned  to  Cape  Palmas,  Liberia,  and  en 
tered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office. 

FERGUSSON,  H.  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1848,  in  Alabama. 
He  belongs  to  a  family  that  settled  in  the 
south  in  colonial  days,  several  members  of 
which  distinguished  themselves  in  the 
civil  and  military  offices  of  the  colonies 
and  later  in  the  service  of  the  young  re 
public;  his  father  was  an  officer  in  the 
confederate  army,  and  did  excellent  serv 
ice  under  Gen.  Lee  until  the  close  of  the 
struggle;  graduated  from  the  Washington 
and  Lee  university,  Lexington,  Va.,  with 
the  degree  of  M.  A.,  in  1873.  He  graduated 
from  the  law  department  of  that  univer 
sity  in  1874,  and  commenced  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Wheeling,  W.  Va., 
where  he  remained  until  the  year  1882. 
In  1884  he  located  in  Albuquerque,  N.  M., 
where  he  has  since  successfully  practiced 
his  profession.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


357 


FERNALD,  BENJAMIN  F.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  July  10,  1841,  in  Exeter, 
Maine.  For  many  years  he  was  super 
intendent  of  schools  in  his  native  state; 
has  been  trial  justice;  justice  of  the 
peace;  and  filled  various  other  positions 
of  honor  in  his  native  state.  He  has  con 
tributed  both  prose  and  verse  to  the 
periodical  press. 

FERNALD,  CHARLES  HENRY,  natur 
alist,  author,  was  born  March  16,  1838, 
in  Mount  Desert,  Maine.  He  is  a  natur 
alist  who  has  been  professor  of  zoology  at 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  college  since 
1886;  and  is  the  author  of  Tortricidse  of 
North  America;  Butterflies  of  Maine; 
Grasses  of  Maine;  and  Sphingidas  of  New 
England. 

FERNALD,  CHESTER  BAILEY,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1868.  He  is  a  litterateur 
of  San  Francisco;  and  the  author  of 
The  Cat  and  the  Cherub,  and  Other 
Stories. 

FERNALD,  JAMES  CHAMPLIN,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1838  in  Maine.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Economics  of  Prohibi 
tion;  and  The  New  Womanhood. 

FERNALD,  MERRITT  CALDWELL, 
educator,  was  born  May  25,  1838,  in  South 
Levant,  Maine.  He  has  attained  success 
as  a  noted  educator. 

FERREL,  WILLIAM,  meteorologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1817  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  distinguished  meteorologist  em 
ployed  at  various  times  in  the  coast  sur 
vey  and  the  signal  service.  He  was  the 
author  of  Recent  Advances  in  Meteorol 
ogy;  Popular  Treatise  on  the  Winds; 
and  Motions  of  Fluids  and  Solids  on  the 
Earth's  Surface.  He  died  in  1891. 

FERRELL,  THOMAS  M.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1844,  in 
Glassboro,  N.  J.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  assembly  in  1879  and  1880;  a  state 
senator  in  1881;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

FERRIN,  CHESTER  M.,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1837,  in  Holland, 
Vt.  He  has  filled  the  positions  of  school 
trustee,  superintendent  of  schools,  com 
missioner  of  insane  for  the  state  of  Ver 
mont,  and  for  thirty  years  has  been  sec 
retary  of  the  Eighth  Vermont  Regiment 
association.  He  served  three  years  in  the 
civil  war,  and  is  now  commander  of  Sher 
man  post.  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  at 
Essex,  Vt.  He  has  been  successfully  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  since 
1865,  and  since  1872  at  Essex  Junction, 
Vt.  In  1897  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Vermont  state  legislature. 

FERRIS,  A.  F.,  banker,  state  legislator, 
was  born  in  1865  in  Perrysburg,  N.  Y.  In 
1872  he  moved  to  Minnesota,  where  he  is 
president  of  the  First  National  bank  of 
Brainerd.  In  1891  he  was  secretary  of 
the  game  and  fish  commission,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Brainerd  board  of  trade. 
He  has  also  served  two  terms  as  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature. 

FERRIS,  BENJAMIN,  author.  He  was 
a  watchmaker,  lived  for  many  years  in 
Philadelphia,  and  was  clerk  of  the  Phila 
delphia  meeting  of  Friends.  He  published 
History  of  the  Early  Settlements  on  the 
Delaware,  from  its  Discovery  to  the  Col 
onization  under  William  Penn.  He  died 
in  1867  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

FERRIS,  CHARLES  G.,  congressman 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1841  to  1843. 

FERRIS,  GEORGE  TITUS,  author.  He 
was  the  author  of  Great  German  Compo 
sers;  Great  Italian  and  French  Compo 
sers;  Great  Singers;  Great  Violinists 
and  Pianists;  and  Great  Leaders. 


FERRIS,  GEORGE  W.,  civil  engineer, 
inventor,  was  born  in  1858.  He  was  the 
inventor  of  the  Ferris  wheel  that  was  the 
wonder  of  engineering  at  the  world's  fail- 
in  Chicago.  He  died  of  typhoid  fever  Nov 
22,  1896,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


FERRIS,  ISAAC,  clergyman,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1798,  in  New  York  city.  He  set 
tled  in  Albany  in  1824-36,  and  at  the  Mar 
ket  street  church,  New  York,  in  1836-53. 

FERRIS,  JOHN  CHARLES,  horticul 
turist,  author,  lecturer,  was  born  Jan.  2, 
1835,  in  Chenango  Forks,  N.  Y.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  New  York  and  Illinois.  He 
served  as  a  member  in  the  third  territor 
ial  legislature  of  Wyoming.  He  served  for 
over  three  years  in  the  civil  war,  and  is 
the  present  commander  of  the  J.  W.  Mc- 
Kinzie  post  number  81,  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic,  department  of  Iowa.  For 
three  terms  he  was  president  of  the 
Northern  Iowa  Horticultural  society,  and 
is  now  connected  with  the  Iowa  State  Hor 
ticultural  society.  He  has  written  exten 
sively  on  subjects  of  horticulture  and  has 
lectured  on  that  and  kindred  topics. 

FERRIS,  JOHN  MASON,  clergyman, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1825,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  became  editor  of  the  Christian  Intelli 
gencer  in  1883,  and  treasurer  of  the  for 
eign  mission  board  in  1886.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  History  of  Foreign  Missions. 

FERRISS,  ORANGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1814,  in 
Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  sur 
rogate  of  his  county  for  four  years;  in 
1851  was  elected,  under  the  new  consti 
tution,  judge  of  Warren  county,  and  twice 
re-elected,  holding  the  office  twelve  years 
in  all.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  fortieth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
first  congress.  In  1880  he  was  appointed 
second  auditor  of  the  United  States  treas 
ury. 

FERRY,  DEXTER  MASON,  seedsman 
was  born  Aug.  8,  1833,  in  Lowville,  N  Y 
He  organized  the  firm  of  D.  M.  Ferry  and 
Co.  in  1867.  In  1879  the  house  was  in 
corporated  with  Mr.  Ferry  as  president. 
He  is  also  president  of  the  First  National 
bank,  the  Union  Trust  company,  the 
American  Harrow  company,  the  American 
Blower  company,  the  National  Pin  com 
pany,  and  other  corporations. 

FERRY,  ELISHA  P.,  governor  was 
born  Aug.  9,  1825,  in  Monroe,  Mich.  He 
resided  at  Waukegan  until  1869,  when  he 
removed  to  the  territory  of  Washington. 
In  1872  he  was  appointed  governor  of  the 
territory,  and  reappointed  in  1876,  serving 
until  1880;  and  was  elected  again  in  1889. 

FERRY,  ORRIS  SANFORD,  soldier 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1823,  in  Bethel, 
Conn.  In  1849  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
probate  for  the  district  of  Norwalk  and 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1855  and 
1856.  In  1856  he  was  appointed  state's  at 
torney  for  the  county  of  Fairfield,  which 
nosition  he  continued  to  fill  until  1859, 
when  he  was  elected  a  representative  to 
the  thirty-sixth  congress  from  -Connecti 
cut.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a  col 
onel  and  brigadier-general  in  the  war  for 
the  union.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  for  the  term  commencing 
March,  1867,  and  ending  in  1873.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  loyalists' 
convention  of  1866  and  to  the  soldiers' 
convention,  held  at  Pittsburg  in  1872.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  for  six  years,  for  a  second  full  term 
He  died  Nov.  21,  1875,  in  South  Norwalk, 
Conn. 


FERRY,   THOMAS    WHITE,   congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  June 
1,  1827,  in  Mackinaw,  Mich.    He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legis 
lature     and     to     the 
state  senate  in  1856. 
In  1864  he  was  elect 
ed    a    representative 
from  Michigan  to  the 
thirty  -  ninth      con 
gress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  fortieth,  forty- 
first    and    forty-sec 
ond    congresses,    but 
did  not  take  his  seat 
in   the   latter,  as   he 
was   chosen   a   sena 
tor   in   congress  for   the  term   ending  in 
1877,  and  was  re-elected  senator  for  the 
term  ending  in  1883. 

FERRY,  WILLIAM  MONTAGUE,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1796,  in  Granby, 
Mass.  In  1834  he  purchased,  with  others, 
a  tract  of  land  in  the  Grand  river  valley, 
where  he  founded  a  settlement  and  went 
extensively  into  the  manufacture  of  lum 
ber.  He  died  Dec.  30,  1867,  in  Grand  Ha 
ven,  Mich. 

FESS,  SIMEON  DAVIDSON,  educator, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1861, 
in  Lima,  Ohio.  He  is  favorably  known 
as  a  popular  lecturer.  He  is  the  author  of 
A  Compendium  of  United  States  History, 
and  Outlines  of  Physiology  and  Hygiene. 

FESSENDEN,  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  sol 
dier,  was  born  March  18,  1839,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  He  served  with  distinction 
through  the  civil  war,  and  was  bre- 
vetted  major-general.  He  was  subse 
quently  appointed  secretary  of  the  treas 
ury,  and  now  practices  his  profession  of 
law  in  Portland,  Maine. 

FESSENDEN,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  in  Rockland,  Maine.  He 
was  appointed  second  lieutenant  in  the 
fifth  Maine  battery,  Jan.  18,  1865.  He  is 
a  lawyer  and  politician  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

FESSENDEN,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  July  16,  1784,  in 
Fryeburg,  Maine.  In  1815-16  he  was  in  the 
general  court  of  Massachusetts,  and  in 
1818-19  represented  his  district  in  the 
Massachusetts  senate.  For  fourteen  years 
he  was  major-general  of  the  twelfth  divi 
sion  of  Massachusetts  militia.  He  died 
March  13,  1869,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

FESSENDEN,  SAMUEL  CLEMENT, 
clergyman,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  March  7,  1815,  in  New  Gloucester, 
Maine.  In  1856  he  established  the  Maine 
Evangelist;  in  1858  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  law;  and  soon  after  was  elect 
ed  judge  of  the  municipal  court  of  Rock- 
land.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Maine  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  examiners  of  the  pat 
ent  office. 

FESSENDEN,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1739  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  became  pastor  in  Walpole,  N. 
H.,  which  charge  he  held  from  1767  till 
1813.  He  'was  author  of  The  Science  of 
Sanctity,  and  The  Boston  Self-Styled  Gen 
tlemen-Reviewers  Reviewed.  He  died  in 
1813. 

FESSENDEN,  THOMAS  AMORY  DE- 
BLOISE,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  23,  1826,  in  Portland,  Maine.  In  1858 
he  was  appointed  aide-de-camp  to  the  gov 
ernor  of  Maine.  In  1860  he  was  elected 
to  the  Maine  legislature,  and  in  1861  was 
chosen  attorney  for  the  county  of  Andros- 
coggin.  which  position  he  held  until  1862, 
when  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Maine  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1868,  in 
Lewiston,  Maine. 


358 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FESSENDEN,  THOMAS  GREEN,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  22,  1771,  in 
Walpole,  N.  H.  He  was  an  agricultural 
writer  of  Boston  who  edited  the  New  Eng 
land  Farmer  and  similar  journals,  but  in 
earlier  life  won  considerable  attention  as 
a  satirical  poet  under  the  name  of  Chris- 
tocher  Caustic.  He  was  the  author  of 
Country  Lovers  and  the  Terrible  Tracto- 
ration;  poems  by  which  he  is  re 
membered.  He  published  Original  Poems; 
The  Ladies'  Monitor;  American  Clerk's 
Companion;  Democracy  Unveiled;  Pills, 
Poetical,  Political,  and  Philosophical; 
and  Laws  of  Patents  for  New  Inventions. 
He  died  Nov.  11,  1837,  In  Boston,  Mass. 

FESSENDEN,  WILLIAM  PITT,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born   Oct.    16,   1806,   in  Boscawen,   N.    H. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  Maine  legislature' 
In  1832  and  in  1840; 
was  a  representative 
in      congress      from 
1841  to  1843,  declin 
ing   further   service; 
and  was  again  in  the 
•  f  V^Jjt      state    legislature     in 

jff"  1845  and  1846,  and  in 
1853  and  1854.  He 
was  elected  a  senator 
in  congress  for  six 
years,  from  1853; 
and  in  1859  was  re-elected  for  the  term  of 
six  years.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  for  the  term  1865-71.  He 
died  Sept.  8,  1870,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

FESSENGER,  JOHN  G.,  physician,  sci 
entist,  inventor,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1844, 
in  Trenton,  Ohio.  He  served  as  a  union 
soldier  during  the  civil  war  as  first  lieu 
tenant,  and  was  subsequently  promoted  to 
lieutenant-colonel.  After  the  close  of  the 
war  he  graduated  in  medicine,  and  during 
1888-93  served  as  surgeon  and  physician  in 
the  United  States  service.  He  has  pat 
ented  several  articles  of  merit,  and  has 
taken  a  great  interest  in  scientific  sub 
jects. 

FESSENLER,  ORVILLE  DAVID,  mer 
chant,  legislator,  was  born  April  11,  1865, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful  mer 
chant  of  Brookline,  N.  H.;  has  filled  nu 
merous  public  offices  of  trust,  and  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  New 
Hampshire  legislature. 

FESTETITTS,  MRS.  KATE  NEELY, 
author,  was  born  in  1837  in  Virginia.  She 
Is  a.  writer  of  children's  books  whose 
home  has  been  in  Washington  since  1885. 
She  is  the  author  of  Ellie  Randolph;  and 
A  Year  at  Dangerfield. 

FETHERS,  OGDEN  HOFFMAN,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1845,  In 
Sharon,  N.  Y.  In  1863  he  graduated  from 
the  Fort  Edward  Collegiate  institute,  and 
subsequently  received  the  degrees  of  A. 
M.  and  LL.  D.  For  many  years  he  was 
regent  of  the  university  of  Wisconsin,  and 
in  1889  was  commissioner  from  Wisconsin 
to  the  celebration  centennial  of  constitu 
tional  government.  He  has  attained  emi 
nence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of 
Wisconsin,  and  is  the  senior  member  of 
the  leading  law  firm  of  Janesville. 

FETTER,  GEORGE  W.,  educator,  was 
born  Jan.  22,  1827,  in  Montgomery  county, 
Pa.  For  eighteen  years  he  taught  gram 
mar  schools  in  Philadelphia,  where  he 
was  in  1864  elected  principal  of  the  girls' 
normal  school. 

FETTEROLF,  ADAM  H.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1841,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Pa.  Since  1883  he 
has  been  president  of  Girard  college  of 
Philadelphia. 


FEUCHTWANGER,  LEWIS,  chemist, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1805,  in  Bavaria. 
He  was  a  noted  chemist  of  New  York  city 
who  came  to  America  from  Germany  in 
1829.  He  was  the  author  of  Popular 
Treatise  on  Gems;  Elements  of  Mineral 
ogy;  Treatise  on  Fermented  Liquors;  and 
Practical  Treatise  on  Soluble  or  Water 
Glass.  He  died  June  25,  1876,  in  New 
York  city. 

FEW,  IGNATIUS  A.,  college  president, 
was  born  April  11,  1789,  in  Georgia.  He 
was  elected  to  the  presidency  of  Emory 
college  in  1837,  opened  the  new  institu 
tion  in  1838,  and  resigned  in  1839,  because 
of  failing  health.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1845, 
in  Athens,  Ga. 

FEW,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
June  8,  1748,  in  Maryland.  In  1778  he  was 
surveyor-general  of  the  state,  and  presid 
ing  judge  of  the  Richmond  county  court. 
In  1780  he  was  sent  as  delegate  to  congress 
and  was  again  appointed  in  1786.  In  the 
next  year  he  assisted  in  forming  the  na 
tional  constitution,  which  he  duly  signed. 
After  its  adoption  he  was  elected  a  sen 
ator  in  congress,  serving  from  1789  to 
1793.  In  1796  he  was  a  member  of  tLe 
convention  which  framed  the  constitution 
of  the  state  of  Georgia.  He  subsequently 
served  upon  the  bench  in  the  legislature 
of  that  state.  During  the  latter  years  of 
his  life  he  resided  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  of  which  he  was  mayor:  and  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  New  York.  He 
also  held  the  office  of  commissioner  of 
loans.  He  died  June  16,  1828,  in  Fishkill, 
N.  Y. 

FEWKES,  JESSE  WALTER,  ethnolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  in  1850  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  an  ethnologist  of  Boston 
who  has  written  valuable  professional 
monographs;  and  edited  the  Journal  of 
American  Ethnology  and  Archaeology. 

FEY,  CONRAD,  business  man,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  June  17,  1831,  in  Ger 
many.  In  1847  he  settled  in  Detroit,  Mich., 
and  since  1862  has  resided  in  East  Sagi- 
naw,  where  he  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace  for  eight  years,  and  police  justice 
seven  years.  In  1873-74  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  legislature. 

FICKEN,  JOHN  F.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  June  16,1843,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
*'or  six  successive  terms  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  state  leg 
islature  of  South  Carolina;  and  was  mayor 
of  Charleston  for  one  term  of  four  years. 

FICKETT,  FRED  WILDON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  explorer,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1867,  In 
Dixmont,  Maine.  During  1882-85  he  was 
in  charge  of  the  United  States  signal  ser 
vice  stations  in  Southeast  Alaska.  In 
1895  he  represented  his  department  of  the 
government  on  the  famous  Copper  river 
expedition.  For  two  years  he  served  as 
judge  of  police  court  of  Galveston,  Texas. 

FICKLEN,  JOHN  ROSE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1858,  in  Falmouth, 
Va.  He  filled  the  chair  of  history  and 
rhetoric  in  Tulane  university  for  a  num 
ber  of  years,  and  in  1893  was  appointed 
professor  of  history  and  political  science 
in  the  same  university.  He  has  recently 
published  A  History  of  Louisiana,  writ 
ten  with  Miss  Grace  Elizabeth  King  as 
joint  author. 

FICKLIN,  JOSEPH,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  9,  1833,  in  Winchester,  Ky. 
He  is  a  professor  of  mathematics  in  the 
university  of  Missouri  who  has  published 
The  Complete  Algebra;  and  Elements  of 
Algebra,  and  a  series  of  arithmetical  text 
books. 

FICKLIN,  ORLANDO  B.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1808  in  Kentucky. 


In  1834  he  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
legislature,  and  was  attorney  for  the  Wa- 
bash  circuit  in  1835.  In  1838  and  in  1842 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  legislature. 
In  1843  he  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Illinois,  serving  six  con 
secutive  years,  and  was  again  elected  in 
1850.  In  1853  he  was  colonel  of  militia, 
and  in  1856  was  a  presidential  elector. 

FIEDLER,  WILLIAM  FREDERICK, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1862,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  has  attained  success 
as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ohio 
at  Cleveland;  has  been  prosecuting  at 
torney  and  judge  of  the  police  court,  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  public  affairs. 

FIEDLER,  WILLIAM  H.  F.,  merchant, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  25,  1847,  in  New  York  city.  In  1877 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1878.  In  1879  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Newark,  serving  two  years.  In  1882  he 
was,  a  third  time,  elected  to  the  state  as 
sembly  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

FIELD,  AARON  W.  He  is  a  noted  law 
yer  of  New  Marlborough.  Mass.,  and  takes 
an  active  part  in  all  public  affairs. 

FIELD,  ARCHELAUS  G.,  physician, 
was  born  Nov.  15,  1829,  in  Ontario  county, 
N.  Y.  He  is  an  eminent  physician  and 
surgeon  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

FIELD.  BENJAMIN,  state  senator,  was 
born  June  12,  1816,  in  Dorset,  Vt.  In  1854- 
55  he  was  elected  to  the  New  York  state 
senate,  and  in  1867  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention.  He  died  in 
August,  1876,  in  Albion,  N.  Y. 

FIELD,  BENJAMIN  HAZARD,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  May  2,  1814,  in  Win 
chester  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  president 
in  1886  of  the  Historical  society,  an  in- 
corporator  of  the  American  museum  of 
natural  history,  the  Sheltering  Arms,  and 
the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty 
to  Children,  and  was  president  of  the  free 
circulating  library  and  the  eye  and  ear  in 
firmary.  He  died  March  17,  1893,  in  New 
York  city. 

FIELD.  MRS.  CAROLINE  LESLIE 
WHITNEY,  author,  poet,  was  born  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  a  writer  of  Guil- 
ford,  Conn.,  and  the  author  of  High 
Lights,  a  novel;  The  Unseen  King,  and 
Other  Poems. 

FIELD,  CYRUS  WEST,  merchant,  cap 
italist,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1819,  in  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.  He  organized  his  first  At 
lantic  Telegraph  company  in  1856,  and 
in  1857-58,  after  repeated  trials  and  fail 
ures,  was  successful;  and  a  message  was 
sent  from  the  queen  and  a  reply  transmit 
ted  from  the  president.  He  died  April  9, 
1892,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

FIELD,  DAVID  DUDLEY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  20,  1781,  in  Madi 
son,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  of  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  Pittsfield;  Genealogy  of 
the  Brainerd  Family:  and  Histories  of 
the  Counties  of  Berkshire  and  Middlesex. 
He  died  April  15,  1867,  in  Stockbridge, 
Mass. 

FIELD,  DAVID  DUDLEY,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1805,  in 
Haddam,  Conn.  He  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1828  and  commenced 
practice  in  New  York  city.  In  1857  he 
was  appointed,  by  the  legislature,  chair 
man  of  a  commission  to  prepare  a  new 
code  of  laws.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  His 
Speeches  and  Miscellaneous  Papers  have 
been  published  In  three  volumes.  He  died 
in  1894. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


359 


FIELD,  EUGENE,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1850  in  Maine.  He  was 
a  journalist  and  author  of  Chicago  whose 
writing  has  received  much  undiscriminat- 
ing  and  damaging  praise.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Denver  Tribune  Primer; 
Culture's  Garland;  A  Little  Book  of  Pro 
fitable  Tales;  A  Little  Book  of  Western 
Verse;  Second  Book  of  Verse;  Love  Songs 
of  Childhood;  With  Trumpet  and  Drum 
(verse):  Echoes  from  the  Sabine  Farm 
(with  R.  M.  Field);  Songs  and  Other 
Verse;  A  Second  Book  of  Verse;  and  The 
Holy  Cross,  and  Other  Tales.  He  died  in 
1895  in  Chicago,  111. 

FIELD,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  law 
yer,  author.  He  was  the  author  of  Iowa 
County  and  Township  Officers;  Law  of 
Damages;  Private  Corporations  for  Pe 
cuniary  Gain;  Law  of  Private  Corpora 
tions;  Constitution  and  Jurisdiction  of 
United  States  Supreme  Courts;  Field's 
Lawyers'  Briefs;  Field's  Medico-Legal 
Guide  for  Doctors  and  Lawyers;  and 
Legal  Relations  of  Infants  in  the  State  of 
New  York.  He  died  in  1889. 

FIELD,  HENRY  MARTYN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  3,  1822,  in  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.  He  is  a  congregational 
clergyman,  and  editor  of  the  New  York 
Evangelist,  whose  writings  are  chiefly 
concerned  with  his  extensive  travels.  He 
is  the  author  of  From  the  Lakes  of  Kil- 
larney  to  the  Golden  Horn;  From  Egypt 
to  Japan;  Story  of  the  Atlantic  Tele 
graph;  Among  the  Holy  Hills;  Our  West 
ern  Archipelago;  The  Barbary  Coast;  On 
the  Desert;  Old  Spain  and  New  Spain; 
Gibraltar;  Bright  Skies  and  Dark  Sha 
dows;  Summer  Pictures,  from  Copenha 
gen  to  Venice;  Blood  is  Thicker  than 
Water;  and  The  Irish  Confederates,  or  the 
Rebellion  of  1798.  He  is  a  brother  of 
Cyrus  W.  Field. 

FIELD,  HENRY  MARTYN,  physician, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1837, 
in  Brighton,  Mass.  He  is  a  physician  and 
professor  in  Dartmouth  Medical  school. 
Evacuant  Medication  is  his  only  publica 
tion. 

FIELD,  JAMES  GAVEN,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  24,  1826,  in  Walnut,  Va.  He 
was  attorney  for  the  commonwealth  in 
his  native  county  from  1860  till  1865. 
Since  the  war  he  has  been  attorney-gen 
eral  of  the  state. 

FIELD,  JESSE  SOUTHWICK,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  3,  1862,  in  River  Falls,  Wis. 
In  1886  he  graduated  from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  university  of  Wisconsin,  and 
received  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer  of  Prescott,  Wis.;  has 
been  district  attorney  of  his  county,  and 
takes  a  prominent  part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

FIELD,  JOSEPH  M.,  actor,  dramatist, 
author,  was  born  in  1810  in  London,  Eng 
land.  He  was  an  actor  and  dramatist  of 
St.  Louis,  and  the  author  of  The  Drama  in 
Pokerville,  and  Other  Stories.  He  died 
Jan.  30,  1856,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 

FIELD,  KATE,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  in  1854.  in  St.  Louis.  Mo.  In  1890  she 
established  a  literary  and  critical  jour 
nal  at  Washington,  which  she  entitled 
Kate  Field's  Washington.  She  died  in 
1897. 

FIELD.  MARSHALL,  merchant,  was 
born  in  1835,  in  Conway,  Mass.  His  stone 
building  is  believed  to  be  the  largest 
wholesale  store  in  the  world.  He  recently 
gave  $1,000,000  towards  the  great  museum 
in  the  art  building  at  the  world's  fair 
grounds,  now  known  as  the  Field  Colum 
bian  museum. 


FIELD,  MARTHA  REINHARD  CATH 
ERINE  COLE,  journalist,  was  born  May 
25,  1855,  in  Lexington,  Mo.  In  1881  she 
became  associated  with  the  Picayune,  and 
her  Correspondence  Club  in  that  journal 
has  attracted  national  attention. 

FIELD,  MARY  KATHERINE  KEM- 
BLE,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1838 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  She  was  a  journalist 
of  Washington,  and  the  author  of  Plan- 
chette's  Diary;  Ten  Days  in  Spain;  Pen 
Photographs  of  Dickens's  Readings;  Hap- 
Hazard,  Travel  Sketches;  History  of 
Bell's  Telephone;  Adelaide  Ristori,  a 
Biography;  and  Life  of  Fechter. 

FIELD,  MATTHEW  C.,  journalist,  was 
born  in  1812  in  London,  England.  He  was 
for  several  years  one  of  the  editors  of 
the  New  Orleans  Picayune,  and  contrib 
uted  numerous  articles  in  prose  and  verse 
to  southern  periodicals.  He  died  in  1844, 
at  sea. 

FIELD,  MAUNSELL  BRADHURST, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1822  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city, 
and  in  1864  was  second  assistant  secre 
tary  of  the  treasury.  He  was  the  author 
of  Adrian  (with  G.  P.  R.  James);  Poems; 
and  Memories  of  Many  Men  and  Some 
Women,  a  volume  of  entertaining  gossip. 
He  died  Jan.  24,  1875,  in  New  York  city. 

FIELD,  MOSES  W.,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1828,  in  Water- 
town,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third  congress  as  a  republican.  In  1875 
he  presented  to  the  city  of  Detroit  a  lot 
of  forty  acres  of  land  for  a  public  park. 

FIELD,  NATHANIEL,  physician,  was 
born  Nov.  7,  1805,  in  Jefferson  county,  Ky. 
In  1829  he  moved  to  Jeffersonville,  Ind., 
where  he  practiced  his  profession  until 
his  death.  In  1838-39  he  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature.  He  organized  the 
city  government  of  Jeffersonville,  estab 
lished  several  churches,  serving  as  pastor 
for  forty  years  without  compensation.  He 
was  the  author  of  numerous  medical 
works  and  lectures.  He  died  Aug.  28, 
1888,  in  Jeffersonville,  Ind. 

FIELD,  RICHARD  STOCKTON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1803,  in  White 
Hill,  N.  J.  He  held  a  seat  in  the  United 
States  senate  from  that  state,  for  a  few 
months,  in  1862-63  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
was  then  appointed  judge  of  the  district 
court  of  the  United  States  for  the  district 
of  New  Jersey.  He  died  May  25,  1870,  in 
Princeton,  N.  J. 

FIELD,  SAMUEL,  merchant,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1823,  in  Dela 
ware  county,  Pa.  For  many  years  he  has 
belonged  to  the  presbyterian  board  of 
education,  and  has  taken  a  leading  part 
in  the  establishment  of  the  hospital  under 
the  management  of  that  denomination. 

FIELD,  STEPHEN  JOHNSON,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1816, 
in  Haddam,  Conn.  He  located  in  Marys- 
ville,  Cal.,  in  1850, 
and  was  elected  first 
alcalde  of  that  city. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  second  legisla 
ture,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  judi- 
clary  committee 
and  framed  the  laws 
creating  the  judicial 
system  of  that  state. 
From  1851  to  1857  he 
practiced  his  profes 
sion,  and  was  then 
elected  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  for 
six  years,  from  Jan.  1,  1858.  A  vacancy 
occurring  on  the  bench,  he  was  appointed 
judge  to  fill  it  on  the  13th  of  October, 
1857;  became  chief  justice  in  1859,  and  in 
1863  was  appointed  to  his  present  position. 


FIELD,  THOMAS  WARREN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1820  in  Onondaga 
Hill,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  educator  of  Brook 
lyn  who  was  superintendent  of  public 
schools  there,  1873-81,  and  was  the  author 
of  Pear  Culture;  Historic  and  Antiquarian 
Scenes  in  Brooklyn;  and  Essay  Toward  an 
Indian  Bibliography.  He  died  Nov.  25, 
1881,  in  Onondaga  Hill,  N.  Y. 

FIELD,  WALBRIDGE  ABNER,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  26,  1833,  in 
Springfield,  Vt.  He  was  assistant  United 
States  attorney  in  Boston  from  1865  to 
1869;  was  then  appointed  assistant  attor 
ney-general  of  the  United  States,  and  re 
signed  in  1870.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress,  but  his  seat  was  success 
fully  contested  by  Benjamin  Dean.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

FIELD,  WILLIAM  HILDRETH,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  April  16,  1843,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1863  he  graduated  from 
Union  college,  and 
two  years  later  grad 
uated  from  the  Col 
umbian  college  law 
school,  with  the  de 
gree  of  B.  L.  The 
same  year  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar, 
.  and  has  attained 
success  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law.  He  ed 
ited  the  ninth  vol 
ume  of  Edmonds' 
Statutes,  and  has 
tried  many  cases  in  which  his  construc 
tion  has  settled  the  law  of  the  state  by 
the  decision  of  the  court  of  appeals.  In 
1887  he  was  president  of  the  Xavier  Union, 
which,  under  his  administration,  was 
transformed  into  the  Catholic  club  of  the 
City  of  New  York. 

FIELDER.  GEORGE  B.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  24,  1842,  in  Jer 
sey  City,  N.  J.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war.  He  was  elected  register  of  the  coun 
ty  of  Hudson  in  1884,  and  re-elected  in 
1889.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third, 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

FIELDER,  MRS.  LIZZIE  DAVIS,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  20,  1856,  in  Wytheville,  Va. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

FIELDS.  MRS.  ANNIE  ADAMS,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1834  in  Massachu 
setts.  She  is  a  Boston  litterateur,  and  the 
author  of  Under  the  Olive,  a  volume  of 
verse;  The  Singing  Shepherd,  and  Other 
Poems;  A  Shelf  of  Old  Books;  Whittier, 
Notes  of  his  Life  and  Friendships;  Me 
moir  of  J.  T.  Fields;  How  to  Help  the 
Poor;  and  Authors  and  Friends. 

FIELDS.   JAMES   THOMAS,    publisher, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  31,   1817,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.    He  was  a  well-known 
____^__— _..          publisher   of   Boston 
_^g^  who   edited   the   At- 

&gfl  lantic     Monthly     in 

1862-70;  and  was  the 
'•*>.  author  of  Yesterdays 

with     Authors;     Un 
derbrush,     a     collec 
tion   of  essays;    and 
^^^^         Ballads,    and    Other 
Verses.    Reminiscen- 
jflfl    *'    ces   of  his   life  were 
published    in   A   Me 
moir  by  Mrs.  Fields. 
He     died     April     24. 
1881,  in  Boston,  Mass, 

FIELDS,  WILLIAM  C.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1804,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  sixteen  years  a  jus 
tice  of  the  peace  in  the  town  of  Laurens, 
and  subsequently  supervisor  of  the  town. 
In  1866  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  fortieth  congress. 


360 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FIBSTER,  S.  F.,  educator,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  17,  1855,  in  Williamsport,  Pa. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Williams- 
port  high  school,  and 
the  Iowa  State  Nor 
mal  school.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen  he  en 
tered  educational 
work;  was  county 
superintendent  for 
eight  years  in  Wa- 
verly,  Iowa,  and  is 
now  a  professor  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 
He  has  traveled  in 
every  state  of  the 
Union,  and  across 
British  America;  has  contributed  both 
prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical  press; 
and  his  poems  have  been  incorporated  in 
several  standard  works. 

FILBERT,  LUDWIG  SPANG,  physician, 
inventor,  was  born  March  12,  1825,  in 
Berks  county,  Pa.  In  1871  he  gave  up 
the  practice  of  medicine,  and  organized 
the  Vulcanized  Paving  company  of  Phil 
adelphia,  of  which  he  has  since  been  presi 
dent.  He  invented  an  artificial  stone 
paving,  that  is  recognized  as  the  best 
known  lining  for  the  largest  reservoir 
basis. 

FILLMORE,  JOHN  COMFORT,  musi 
cian,  author,  was  born  in  1843  in  Con 
necticut.  He  was  a  musician  of  Milwau 
kee,  and  the  author  of  History  of  Piano- 
Forte  Music;  New  Lessons  in  Harmony; 
and  Lessons  in  Musical  History. 

FILLMORE,  MILLARD,  thirteenth 
president  of  the  United  States,  was  born 
Jan.  7,  1800,  in  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y.  In 
1829  he  was  elected 
to  the  New  York  as 
sembly,  and  held  the 
office  three  years. 
He  was  married  to 
Abigail  Powers  in 
1826.  In  1832  he  was 
elected  to-  the  na 
tional  house  of  rep 
resentatives.  He  was 
again  elected  in  1836. 
and  re-elected  in 
1838-40.  He  was  de 
feated  for  governor 

of  New  York  in  1844.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  comptroller  of  the  state,  and  in 
1848  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
United  States.  Upon  the  death  of  Presi 
dent  Taylor  he  became  president,  and  took 
the  oath  of  office  July  10,  1850.  At  the 
expiration  of  his  term,  March  4.  1853,  he 
returned  to  his  home  in  Buffalo,  and  in 
1856  was  a  candidate  for  the  presidency, 
but  was  beaten.  He  died  March  8,  1874. 
Fillmore  held  office  sixteen  years.  He  was 
economical,  and  died  rich. 

FILON,  MICHAEL,  banker,  railroad 
president,  was  born  March  3,  1820,  in 
Auburn,  N.  Y.  He  was  president  of  the 
Rochester  and  Lake  Ontario  railroad; 
mayor  of  Rochester  in  1862-63,  and  in 
1889  was  elected  president  of  the  East  Side 
Savings  bank.  He  died  July  14,  1893. 

FILSON,  JOHN,  author,  explorer,  was 
born  in  1747  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He 
was  an  early  explorer  of  the  western 
country,  and  the  author  of  The  Discov 
ery,  Settlement  and  Present  State  of  Ken 
tucky;  Map  of  Kentucky;  and  Topograph 
ical  Description  of  the  Western  Territory. 

FINCH,  CHARLES  J.,  farmer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1862,  in  Story 
county,  Iowa.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  tlip  third  state  legislature  of  Wyoming 
In  1894,  and  received  the  re-election  in 
1896. 


FINCH,  FRANCIS  MILES,  jurist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  June  9,  1827,  in  Ith 
aca,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  New  York  jurist  and 
dean  of  the  law  school  of  Cornell  univer 
sity  since  1892.  He  has  published  a  num 
ber  of  poems,  among  which  Nathan  Hale 
and  The  Blue  and  the  Gray  are  well 
known. 

FINCH,  H.  STANLEY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  24,  1853,  in  Stamford,  Conn. 
In  1879  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law 
in  his  native  city.  He  has  been  justice  of 
the  peace,  and  since  1887  has  been  judge  of 
the  court  of  probate. 

FINCH,  ISAAC,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  that 
state  in  1822  and  1824,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1829  to  1831. 

FINCK,  HENRY  THEOPHILUS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1854,  in 
Bethel,  Mo.  He  is  a  musical  journalist  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Wagner 
and  Other  Musicians;  Romantic  Love  and 
Personal  Beauty;  Chopin,  and  Other  Mu 
sical  Essays;  Lotus-Time  in  Japan;  The 
Pacific  Coast  Scenic  Tour;  and  Spain  and 
Morocco. 

FINDLAY,  JAMES,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1775  in 
Franklin  county,  Pa.  He  was  receiver  of 
public  moneys  in  Cincinnati  district  from 
the  first  establishment  of  land  offices  until 
1824.  He  was  colonel  of  the  second  Ohio 
volunteers  in  1812,  serving  under  General 
Hull  at  Detroit.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1825  to  1833;  and  was 
candidate  for  governor  in  1834.  He  died 
Dec.  28,  1835,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

FINDLAY,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Franklin  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1823  to  1827. 

FINDLAY,  JOHN  KING,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  May  12,  1803,  in  Mer- 
cersburg,  Pa.  He  was  recorder  of  Lan 
caster  in  1841-45,  judge  of  the  Philadel 
phia  district  court  in  1845-51,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  third  judicial  district  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1857-62.  He  published  an  en 
larged  edition  of  Archbold's  Law  of  Nisi 
Prius  in  two  volumes.  He  died  Sept.  13, 
1885,  in  Spring  Lake,  N.  J. 

FINDLAY,  JOHN  VAN  LEAR,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1839,  in 
Williamsport,  Md.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1861  an'd 
1862;  and  in  1866  was  appointed  collector 
of  internal  revenue  at  Baltimore.  He  was 
city  solicitor  from  1876  to  1878;  and  was 
the  orator  for  Maryland  at  the  centennial 
exposition  in  1876.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

FINDLAY,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  June  20,  1768,  in  Mercersburg,  Pa. 
In  1807  he  was  chosen  treasurer  of  Penn 
sylvania,  and  in  1817  became  governor  of 
that  state. 

FINDLEY,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1818,  in 
West  Middletown,  Pa.  He  was  an  asso 
ciate  reformed  clergyman  and  educator, 
and  the  author  of  Rambles  Among  the  In 
sects. 

FINDLEY,  THOMAS  MASKELL,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  September  29,  1847,  in  West  Ma- 
honing,  Pa.  In  1883  he  was  appointed 
president  of  the  university  of  southern 
Dakota,  at  Pierre,  which  he  had  founded 
and  organized.  In  1885  he  became  pastor 
of  the  Ninth  Presbyterian  church,  St. 
Paul,  Minn. 


FINDLEY,  WILLIAM,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  Franklin 
county,  Pa.  He  was  governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1817  to  1820,  and  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1821 
to  1827.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1846. 

FINDLEY,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
author,  was  born  about  1758  in  Ireland. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1791  to  1799  and  from  1803 
to  1817.  He  published  a  Review  of  the 
Funding  System  in  1794,  and  a  History  of 
the  Insurrection  of  the  Four  Western 
Counties  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1796.  He 
died  April  5,  1821,  in  Greensburg,  Pa. 

FINDLEY,  WILLIAM  THORNTON, 
clergyman,  was  born  June  2,  1814,  in  West 
Middletown,  Pa.  He  has  held  pastorates 
at  Chillicothe,  Springfield,  and  Xenia, 
Ohio,  and  Newark,  N.  J.;  and  in  1867-68 
edited  the  Family  Treasure,  published  in 
Cincinnati. 

FINE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  author,  .was  born  Aug.  26,  1784,  in 
New  York  city.  He  settled  in  St.  Law 
rence  county,  N.  Y.,  and  was  a  judge  in 
that  county  for  eighteen  years,  from  1821 
to  1839,  and  again  in  1844.  He  was  county 
treasurer  from  1821  to  1833,  and  a  state 
senator  in  1848.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1839  to  1841.  He  pub 
lished  a  volume  of  law  lectures.  He  died 
Jan.  4,  1867,  in  Ogdensburg. 

FINERTY,  JOHN  F.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1846,  in  Ire 
land.  He  settled  in  Chicago,  111.;  was 
field  correspondent  of  the  Chicago  Times 
in  four  Indian  wars,  including  the  cam 
paign  against  Sitting  Bull  in  1876,  and 
the  famous  Sibley  scout  in  the  Big  Horn 
Mountains.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress. 

FINGER,  MICHAEL  SIDNEY  MICH 
AEL,  merchant,  banker,  state  senator, 
was  born  in  May,  1837,  in  Lincoln  county, 
N.  C.  He  is  a  successful  merchant  and 
banker  of  Newton,  N.  C.  He  has  served 
as  a  member  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives,  and  in  1880  was  elected  for  a  sec 
ond  time  to  the  state  senate. 

FINK,  ALBERT,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1827,  in  Frankfort-on-the- 
Main.  He  designed  and  supervised  the 
building  of  the  first  important  iron 
bridges  in  this  country,  that  over  the 
Monongahela  river  and  the  viaduct  over 
Trey  Run. 

FINK,  FREDERICK,  artist,  was  born 
Dec.  18,  1817,  in  Little  Falls,  >!.  Y.  He 
painted  many  excellent  genre  pictures,  the 
most  notable  of  which  are  The  Artist's 
Studio;  The  Shipwrecked  Mariner;  and 
The  Negro  Wood-Sawyer.  He  died  In 
1849. 

FINK,  WILLIAM  E.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1822  in 
Ohio.  He  was  elected  to  the  senate  of 
Ohio,  and  in  1852  was  a  member  of  the 
national  convention  which  nominated 
General  Scott  for  the  presidency.  In  1861 
he  was  again  elected  a  state  senator.  In 
1862  he  was  chosen  a  representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  and  the 
forty-third  congresses. 

FINKELNBURG,  GUSTAVUS  A.,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April 
6,  1837,  in  Prussia.  He  served  one  year 
in  the  volunteer  army  during  the  rebel 
lion.  He  was  elected  to  the  Missouri 
state  legislature  in  1864,  and  re-elected, 
and  acted  as  speaker  pro  tern.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  forty-first  congress,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-second  congress. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


361 


FINLEY,  EBENEZER  R.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  July  31,  1833, 
in  Orrville,  Ohio.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  as  an  officer  during  the  war  of  the 
rebellion,  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty- 
sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

FINLEY,  H.  F.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1833.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature  in  1861- 
62.  He  was  elected  commonwealth's  at 
torney  in  1862  for  six  years,  which  office 
he  resigned  in  1866;  was  re-elected  in 
1867,  and  again  in  1868  for  six  years.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1875; 
was  appointed  United  States  district  at 
torney  for  Kentucky  in  1876,  and  was 
elected  judge  of  the  fifteenth  circuit  in 
1880,  for  six  years.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

FINLEY,  JAMES  BRADLEY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  7,  1781,  in 
North  Carolina.  He  was  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  of  Ohio,  and  at  one  time  chaplain 
in  the  state  penitentiary.  He  "was  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  the  Wyandot  Mission; 
Memorials  of  Prison  Life;  Sketches  of 
Western  Methodism;  and  Life  Among  the 
Indians.  He  died  in  1856. 

FINLEY,  JESSE  JOHNSON,  soldier, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
18,  1812,  in  Wilson  county,  Tenn.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  of  Arkansas  in 

1841.  He  removed  to  Memphis,  Tenn.,  in 

1842,  and  was  elected  mayor  of  Memphis 
in  1845.     He  rented  to  Marianna,  Fla., 
in  1846,  and  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate  of  Florida  in  1850.     He  was  elected  a 
presidential  elector  on  the  whig  ticket  in 
1852,    and    was    appointed    judge    of    the 
western   circuit   of   Florida    in   1853,   and 
was  elected  to  the  same  office  in  1855  and 
again  in  1859.    He  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  confederate  states  court  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Florida  in  1861.     He  resigned  and 
volunteered  as  a  private  in  the  army  of 
the  confederate  states  in  March,  1862,  and 
was  successively  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
captain,  colonel,  and  brigadier-general.  He 
located  at  Lake  City,  Fla.,   in  1865,   and 
resumed  the  practice  of  law;   removed  to 
Jacksonville,  Fla.,  in  1871,  and  continued 
practice   there,    and    was    elected    to    the 
forty-fourth  congress. 

FINLEY,  JOHN,  soldier,  Indian  trader. 
He  was  a  major  in  the  continental  army, 
and  afterward  became  an  Indian  trader. 

FINLEY,  JOHN,  journalist,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  11,  1797,  in  Brownsburg, 
Va.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Richmond, 
Ind.,  mayor  of  that  town  for  a  number 
of  years.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Hoosier's  Nest  and  Other  Poems.  He  died 
Dec.  23,  1866,  in  Richmond,  Ind. 

FINLEY,  JOHN  BARCLAY,  legislator, 
banker,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1845,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  During  1887-92  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature 
and  resigned  from  that  position  in  1892. 
In  1887  he  was  a  member  of  the  revenue 
commission  of  Pennsylvania,  and  subse 
quently  of  the  coast  defence  commission. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Fifth  Na 
tional  bank  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.;  an  officer  in 
a  number  of  corporations,  and  is  now 
president  of  the  People's  bank  of  Monon- 
gahela,  Pa. 

FINLEY,  JOHN  PARK,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  3854  in  Michigan.  He  was  a 
lieutenant  in  the  signal  service.  He  is  the 
author  of  Tornadoes;  Manual  of  Instruc 
tion  in  Optical  Telegraphy;  and  Sailors' 
Handbook  of  Storm  Track,  Fog  and  Ice 
Charts  of  the  North  Atlantic  and  Gulf  of 
Mexico. 


FINLEY,  MRS.  MARTHA,  author,  was 
born  April  26,  1828,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio. 
She  is  a  voluminous  writer  of  religious 
and  moral  tales  for  girls,  including  more 
than  twenty  Elsie  Books;  The  Mildred 
Books;  Casella;  Wanted— a  Pedigree;  and 
others. 

FINLEY,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  college 
president,  philanthropist,  was  born  in  1772 
in  Princeton,  N.  J.  He  originated  the  plan 
of  colonizing  emancipated  blacks  in 
Africa,  and  was  instrumental  in  framing 
the  constitution,  and  in  organizing  the 
Colonization  society.  In  1817  he  became 
president  of  Franklin  college  of  Athens, 
Ga.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1817,  in  Athens,  Ga. 

FINLEY,  SAMUEL,  college  president, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1723,  in  Summit  Bridge, 
Del.  He  was  ordained  an  evangelist  in 
1747.  In  1758  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  College  of  New  Jersey.  He  died  Feb. 
4,  1761. 

FINN,  HENRY  J.,  actor,  was  born  in 
1782  in  New  York  city.  In  1811  he  ap 
peared  in  Montreal,  and  thereafter  played 
at  other  places,  being  in  Savannah,  Ga.. 
in  1818-20.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1840,  on  Long 
Island  Sound. 

FINNEY,  CHARLES  GRANDISON, 
clergyman,  college  president,  author.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  famous 
during  his  earlier  career  as  a  revivalist. 
He  was  president  of  Oberlin  college  in 
1852-66.  He  is  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
Revivals;  Systematic  Theology;  Lectures 
to  Professing  Christians;  Character  of 
Free  Masonry;  and  Sermons  on  Gospel 
Themes. 

FINNEY,  DARWIN  A.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1814 
in  Shrewsbury,  Vt.  He  was  a  member  for 
several  years  of  the  assembly  and  senate 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1866  was  elected 
a  representative  from  that  state  to  the 
fortieth  congress.  He  died  July  25,  1868, 
in  Europe. 

FINNEY,  DAVID  W.,  soldier,  merchant, 
miner,  miller,  legislator,  was  born  Aug. 
22,  1839,  in  Parke  county,  Ind.  He  served 
in  the  army  during  the  civil  war,  and  was 
promoted  from  fifth  corporal  to  first  ser 
geant  for  meritorious  service.  He  has 
been  justice  of  the  peace,  and  mayor  of 
Neosho  Falls,  Kan.;  a  member  of  the 
Kansas  legislature  for  one  term;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate  for  two  terms;  and 
lieutenant-governor  for  two  terms.  He 
was  the  elector  nominated  by  the  fourth 
congressional  district  on  the  McKinley 
and  Hobart  ticket.  For  many  years  he 
was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business 
and  stock-raising;  two  years  were  spent 
in  securing  the  right-of-way  for  the  Santa 
Fe  railway,  and  he  is  now  engaged  in  the 
milling  business. 

FINNEY,  FREDERICK  NORTON,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  president  of  the  Wisconsin  Trust 
company. 

FINNEY,  THOMAS  M.,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  July  13,  1827, 
in  .St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1876  he  settled  in 
St.'  Louis,  where  he  has  filled  pastorates 
in  the  methodist  episcopal  churches.  From 
1869-72  he  was  editor  of  the  St.  Louis 
Christian  Advocate.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  Life  of  Bishop  E.  M.  Marvin. 

FINOTTI,  JOSEPH  MARIA,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1817  in  Italy.  He  was 
a  Roman  catholic  clergyman  who  was  in 
charge  of  a  Colorado  parish  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  He  was  the  author  of  French 
Grammar;  A  Month  of  Mary:  Life  of 
Blessed  Paul  of  the  Cross;  Italy  in  the 
Fifteenth  Century;  Diary  of  a  Soldier; 
The  French  Zouave;  Herman  the  Pianist; 
and  The  Spirit  of  St.  Francis  de  Sales. 


Bibliographia  Catholica  Americana,  his 
most  important  work,  was  never  com 
pleted.  He  died  in  1879  in  Denver,  Col. 

FIRM,  JOSEPH  L.,  inventor,  was  born 
March  19,  1837,  in  Williamsburg,  N.  Y. 
In  1859  he  was  engaged  in  the  Frank  Les 
lie  publishing  house,  and  since  that  date 
his  connection  with  the  house  has  been 
continuous.  He  is  the  inventor  of  a  pro 
cess  of  printing  on  glass  from  electrotype 
plates,  in  colors  or  otherwise. 

FISCHER,  ISRAEL  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1858,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

FISH,  FRED  STARR,  educator,  lawyer, 
was  born  Feb.  23,  1860,  in  Litchfield,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Cornell  university, 
and  has  had  a  suc 
cessful  career  in  ed 
ucational  work.  In 
:  1893  he  was  police 
justice  at  Richland 
Center,  Wis.,  and 
was  attorney  for  the 
St.  Paul  Railroad 
company  at  Spring 
Green,  Wis.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  business  in 
,  Wisconsin  with  suc 
cess;  and  has  always 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  political  affairs 
of  that  state.  He  studied  law  in  Madison, 
Wis.,  and  is  now  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

FISH,  HAMILTON,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  Aug.  3,  1808,  in  New  York  city.  For 
several  years  he  was  a  commissioner  of 
deeds  for  the  city  and  county  of  New 
York;  and  in  1837  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1843  to  1845,  and  in  1847 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  to  fill  a 
vacancy.  He  was  governor  of  New  York 
from  1848  to  1850,  and  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  1851  to  1857.  In  1869  he 
went  into  the  cabinet  of  President  Grant 
as  secretary  of  state.  He  died  Sept.  7, 
1893,  in  Garrison,  N.  Y. 

FISH,  HENRY  CLAY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1820,  in  Halifax, 
Vt.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  New 
ark,  N.  J.,  and  the  author  of  Primitive 
Piety  Revived;  The  Price  of  Soul  Liberty; 
Harry's  Conversion;  Harry's  Conflicts; 
Handbook  of  Revivals;  Bible  Lands  Il 
lustrated,  and  several  compilations. 

FISH,  MELANTHON  WILLIAMS,  phy 
sician,  was  born  March  20,  1828,  in  Kort- 
right,  Del.  He  settled  in  Oakland,  Cal., 
where  he  became  in  1872  professor  of 
physiology  in  the  medical  department  of 
the  university  of  California. 

FISH,  NICHOLAS,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  28,  1758,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
appointed  adjutant-general  of  the  state 
in  1786,  and  was  a  supervisor  of  the  rev 
enue  under  Washington  in  1794.  He  died 
June  20,  1833,  in  New  York  city. 

FISH,  NICHOLAS,  lawyer,  diplomat, 
banker,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1846,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  charge  d'affaires  to  the 
Swiss  confederation  in  1877-S1,  and  United 
States  minister  to  Belgium  in  1882-86. 

FISH,  PRESERVED,  shipping  mer 
chant,  banker,  was  born  July  3,  1766,  in 
Portsmouth,  R.  I.  He  has  attained  prom 
inence  as  a  successful  shipping  merchant 
of  New  Bedford.  He  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  Tradesman's  bank,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  chamber  of  commerce  from 
1801,  serving  until  his  death.  He  died 
July  23,  1846,  in  New  York  city. 


362 


HERRINQSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FISH,  STUYVESANT,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  June  24,  1851,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1883  he  was  made  second  vice- 
president  of  the  Illinois  Central,  becom 
ing  president  in  1887.  He  is  also  presi 
dent  of  the  Yazoo  and  Mississippi  Valley 
railroad  and  other  corporations  affiliated 
with  the  Illinois  Central. 

FISHBACK,  WILLIAM  MEADE,  law 
yer,  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  5, 

1831,  in  Culpeper  county,  Va.     He  grad 
uated    from    the    university    of    Virginia, 
and  soon   obtained  a  good  reputation  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Arkansas.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  Arkansas  legislature  dur 
ing  two  constitutional   conventions;    was 
elected  United  States  senator  in  1864  by 
the    union    legislature,     but   declined    to 
serve.     In  1895  he  was  elected  governor 
of  Arkansas  and  served  with  distinction. 

FISHBURN,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  1760.  He  was  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne,  to 
whom  he  was  aide-de-camp  at  the  capture 
of  Stony  Point,  and  afterward  attained 
the  rank  of  major-general.  He  died  Nov. 
3,  1819,  in  Walterborough,  S.  C. 

FISHER,  ALEXANDER  METCALF. 
educator,  journalist,  was  born  in  1794  in 
Franklin,  Mass.  He  became  professor  of 
mathematics,  natural  philosophy  and  as 
tronomy  in  Yale.  He  died  April  22,  1822. 

FISHER,  ALVAN,  artist,  was  born  Aug. 
9,  1792,  in  Needham,  Mass.  In  1814  he 
began  as  a  portrait-painter,  and  soon  af 
terward  undertook  barn-yard  scenes,  win 
ter  landscapes,  and  cattle-pieces.  One  of 
his  best  works  is  a  portrait  of  Spurzheim, 
painted  after  death,  from  recollection,  in 

1832.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1863,  in  Dedham, 
Mass. 

FISHER.  CARMON,  poet.  He  has  con 
tributed  both  prose  and  verse  to  the  peri 
odical  press,  and  his  poems  have  been  in 
corporated  in  several  standard  collections. 

FISHER,  CHARLES,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1789,  in  Row 
an  county,  N.  C.  He  commenced  public 
life  by  going  into  the  state  senate  in  1818; 
and  in  1819  was  elected  to  congress  from 
North  Carolina.  In  1821  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  state  legislature,  where  he 
served  almost  continuously  until  1836. 
From  1839  to  1841  he  was  again  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress.  He  died  May  7, 
1849,  in  Hillsborough,  Miss. 

FISHER,  CHARLES,  actor,  was  born  in 
1816  in  England.  In  1872  he  joined  the 
company  of  Augustin  Daly,  playing  Old 
Dorton  and  Falstaff  as  his  first  parts.  He 
continued  with  this  company  until  his 
retirement  from  the  stage  in  1890.  He 
died  June  11,  1891,  In  New  York  city. 

FISHER,  CHARLES  HARRIS,  physi 
cian,  was  born  June  30,  1822,  in  Killingly, 
Conn.  He  served  In  the  state  senate  in 
1869-70  and  1877-79.  He  prepared  the  an 
nual  reports  of  the  vital  statistics  of 
Rhode  Island  from  1878  to  1885,  and  those 
of  the  state  board  of  health  since  1879. 

FISHER,  DANIEL  W.,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1838,  in 
Arch  Spring,  Pa.  He  has  filled  pastor 
ates  in  the  presbyterian  churches  at  Madi 
son,  Ind.;  Wheeling,  W.  Va. ;  New  Or 
leans,  La.;  and  Allegheny  .City,  Pa. 
Since  1879  he  has  been  president  of  Han 
over  college. 

FISHER,  DAVID,  clergyman,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1794,  in  Somerset 
county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  legis 
lature  of  Ohio;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1845 
to  1847.  He  died  May  7,  1886,  near  Mount 
Holly,-  Pa. 


FISHER,  EBENEZER,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  Feb.  6, 
1815,  in  Charlotte,  Maine.  He  was  a  uni- 
versalist  clergyman  who  was  the  first 
president  of  the  theological  seminary  at 
Canton,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Christian  Salvation.  He  died  Feb.  21, 
1879,  in  Canton,  N.  Y. 

FISHER,  GEORGE,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1829  to  1830;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  assembly  from  Tioga 
county  in  1835. 

FISHER,  GEORGE  JUDSON,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1825,  in  North 
Castle,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  physician,  for 
many  years  medical  director  at  Sing  Sing 
prison;  and  the  author  of  Biographical 
Sketches  of  Distinguished  Physicians  of 
Westchester  County,  N.  Y.;  Animal  Sub 
stances  Employed  as  Medicines  by  the 
Ancients;  and  Diploteratology. 

FISHER,  GEORGE  P.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1817,  in 
Kent  county,  Del.  In  1843  and  1844  he 
was  elected  to  the  Delaware  house  of  rep 
resentatives;  in  1846  became  secretary  of 
state  of  Delaware;  and  in  1849  went  into 
the  state  department  at  Washington  as 
the  confidential  clerk  of  Secretary  Clay 
ton.  In  1850  he  was  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Taylor  a  commissioner  to  settle 
claims  against  Brazil,  which  office  ex 
pired  in.  1852.  From  1857  to  1860  he  held 
the  position  of  attorney-general  of  the 
state  of  Delaware;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  was  subse 
quently  appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  which 
position  he  resigned  to  accept  that  of 
district  attorney. 

FISHER,  GEORGE  PARK,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1827, 
in  Wrentham.  Mass.  He  is  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman,  and  has  been  professor 
of  ecclesiastical  history  at  Yale  univer 
sity  since  1861.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Supernatural  Origin  of  Christianity;  The 
Reformation;  The  Beginnings  of  Chris 
tianity;  Faith  and  Rationalism;  Discus 
sions  in  History  and  Theology;  Life  of 
Benjamin  Silliman;  The  Grounds  of  The- 
istic  and  Rationalistic  Belief;  History  of 
the  Christian  Church;  The  Christian  Re 
ligion:  Manual  of  Natural  Theology; 
Manual  of  Christian  Evidences;  Outlines 
of  Universal  History;  Nature  and  Meth 
od  of  Revelation;  and  The  Colonial  Era. 

FISHER,  HENDRICK,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
colonial  congress  which  met  in  New  York 
in  1765. 

FISHER,  HORATIO  G.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  April  21,  1838,  in 
Huntingdon,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
councils  from  1862  to  1865;  county  auditor 
from  1865  to  1868;  and  burgess  from 
1874  to  1877.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a 
state  senator  for  the  term  of  four  years; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty- 
seventh  congresses  as  a  republican. 

FISHER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  settled  in  Dela 
ware;  and  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  that  district  in  1812  by  Presi 
dent  Madison. 

FISHER,  JOHN,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  13,  1806,  in 
Londonderry,  N.  H.  In  1856  he  settled 
at  Batavia,  N.  Y. ;  and  was  subsequently 
engaged  as  a  state  commissioner  in  erect 
ing  the  buildings  for  the  New  York  State 
Institution  for  the  Blind,  in  Batavia.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  forty-first  congress. 


FISHER,  JOHN  DIX,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1799.  He  aided  in  organizing 
the  Perkins  institution  for  the  blind  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
Description  of  the  Distinct,  Confluent, 
and  Inoculated  Small-pox,  Varioloid  Dis 
ease,  Cow-pox,  and  Chicken-pox.  He  died 
March  3,  1850. 

FISHER,  JOSEPH  W.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  In  1871  he  was  appoint 
ed  United  States  chief  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  for  the  territory  of  Wy 
oming. 

FISHER,  JOSHUA,  physician,  author, 
was  born  May  17,  1749,  in  Dedham,  Mass. 
He  was  a  zealous  student  of  natural  his 
tory,  and  bequeathed  twenty  thousand 
dollars  to  the  Hanover  university  to  found 
a  professorship  of  that  science.  He  was 
the  author  of  a  Discourse  on  Narcotics. 
He  died  March  21,  1833,  in  Beverly,  Mass. 

FISHER,  JOSHUA  FRANCIS,  reformer, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1807,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  municipal  reform 
er  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
The  Degradation  of  Our  Representative 
System  and  Its  Reform;  Reform,  of 
Municipal  Elections;  and  Nomination  of 
Candidates.  He  died  Jan.  21,  1873,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FISHER,  MICHAEL  MONTGOMERY, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  8,  1834,  in  Rockville,  Ind.  He  is  a 
presbyterian  clergyman  and  educator,  and 
has  been  professor  of  Latin  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Missouri  since  1871.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Three  Pronunciations  of 
Latin;  and  Education. 

FISHER,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman, 
was  born  July  8,  1742,  in  Dedham,  Mass. 
He  was  prominent  in  organizing  the 
protestant  episcopal  church  in  New  Eng 
land.  He  died  Dec.  20,  1812,  in  Salem, 
Mass. 

FISHER,  OSCAR  L.,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1844,  in 
Freeport,  111.  He  has  for  many  years  been 
president  of  the  Fort  Worth  university, 
Texas. 

FISHER,     REBECCA     JANE     GILLI- 
LAND,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1832,  in  Phila 
delphia,   Pa.     She  has  been  president  of 
__^^^^_^_   the    following    asso 
ciations:         Mission 
ary,  Church  Aid,  W. 
C.    T.    U.,    Literary, 
and  the  Ladies'  Pro- 
hibition  club  of  Aus 
tin,      Texas,     where 
she  now  resides,  and 
is  a  highly  honored 
member    of    society. 
She    has    also    been 

^ TBI   president       of       the 

Daughters  of  the 
Republic  of  Texas 
for  seven  years;  and  a  member  of  the 
Woman's  State  Press  association,  and 
other  organizations.  Her  parents  were 
killed  by  the  Indians  in  1839;  herself  and 
little  brother  were  taken  prisoners,  but 
rescued  in  a  few  hours  by  the  Texas 
rangers.  In  1848  she  became  the  wife  of 
the  Rev.  O.  Fisher,  a  noted  author  and 
clergyman  of  the  methodist  church.  She 
has  written  extensively  for  current  news 
papers  and  magazines,  and  her  writings 
have  been  described  as  prose  poems. 

FISHER,  REDWOOD  S..  merchant, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1782  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  published  several 
volumes  on  political  economy  and  statis 
tical  subjects,  one  of  which  is  The  Prog 
ress  of  the  United  States  of  America  from 
the  Earliest  Periods,  Geographical,  Sta 
tistical,  and  Historical.  He  also  edited  a 
Gazetteer  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
May  17,  1856,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


363 


FISHER,  SAMUEL  REED,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  June  2,  1810,  in  Norris- 
town,  Pa.  He  was  a  German  reformed 
clergyman  of  Chambersburg,  Pa.;  and 
the  author  of  Exercises  in  the  Heidel 
berg  Catechism;  The  Rum  Plague,  a 
translation  from  Zschokke;  The  Family 
Assistant;  and  Heidelberg  Catechism  Sim 
plified.  He  died  June  5,  1881,  in  Tiffin, 
Ohio. 

FISHER,  SAMUEL  SPARKS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  11,  1832,  in 
St.  Joseph  county,  Mich.  He  published  six 
volumes  of  Reports  of  Cases  Arising 
under  Letters-Patent  for  Inventions  in 
the  Circuit  Courts  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  Aug.  14,  1874,  in  Luzerne  county, 
Pa. 

FISHER,  SAMUEL  WARE,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  April 
5,  1814,  in  Morristown,  N.  J.  He  was  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  and  educator,  who 
was  president  of  Hamilton  college  in 
1858-67.  He  was  the  author  of  Three 
Great  Temptations  of  Young  Men;  and 
Occasional  Sermons  and  Addresses.  He 
died  Jan.  18,  1874,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

FISHER,  SPENCER  O.,  merchant, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  3, 
1843,  in  Camden,  Mich.  He  was  mayor  of 
West  Bay  City  from  1881  to  1884.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention  in  1884;  and  in  the  same  year 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Michi 
gan  to  the  forty-ninth  congress,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress. 

FISHER,  SIDNEY  GEORGE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1856,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Making  of  Pennsylvania;  The  Evolution 
of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States; 
The  Men,  Women  and  Manners  in  Colon 
ial  Times:  and  other  works. 

FISHER,  THEODORE  WELLES,  edu 
cator,  physician,  author,  was  born  May 
29,  1837,  in  Westboro,  Mass.  He  is  a  phy 
sician,  and  since  1881  has  been  clinical  in 
structor  in  mental  disease  at  Harvard  uni 
versity.  He  is  the  author  of  Plain  Talks 
About  Insanity. 

FISHER,  THOMAS,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  21,  1801,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  a  Philadelphia  writer  who  pub 
lished  Dial  of  the  Seasons;  Song  of  the 
Sea  Shells;  and  Mathematics  Simplified 
and  Made  Attractive.  He  died  Feb.  12, 
1856,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FISHER,  WILLIAM  MARK',  painter, 
was  born  Dec.  15,  1841,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  has  painted  landscapes  from  studies 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Paris,  also  genre 
paintings  and  cattle-pieces,  including 
Noon;  On  the  Cam;  and  The  Meadows. 

FISK,  ARCHIE  CAMPBELL,  soldier, 
capitalist,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1836,  in  Steu- 
ben  county,  N.  Y.  tie  served  through  the 
civil  war,  and  received  the  rank  of  ad 
jutant-general.  He  is  president  of  the 
Denver  Land  and  Improvement  Co.;  the 
Fisk  Real  Estate  and  Improvement  com 
pany;  and  the  Denver  Circle  Real  Estate 
company  in  Denver,  Colo. 

FISK,  CHARLES  J.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  11,  1862,  in  Whiteside  coun 
ty,  111.  This  rising  lawyer  has  served 
as  judge  of  the  district  court  of  the  first 
judicial  district  of  North  Dakota. 

FISK,  CLINTON  BOWEN,  lawyer,  sol 
dier,  merchant,  reformer,  statesman  was 
born  Dec.  8,  1828,  in  York,  N.  Y.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war;  was  promoted  brigadier-general  in 
1862,  and  brevetted  major-general  of  vol 
unteers  in  1865.  rie  actively  aided  in  es 
tablishing  the  Fisk  university  of  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.,  which  was  named  for  him. 
In  1886  he  was  the  prohibition  candidate 


for  the  governorship  of  New  Jersey;  and 
for  sixteen  years  was  president  of  the 
board  of  Indian  commissioners.  He  died 
July  9,  1890,  in  New  York  city. 

FISK,  EZRA,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  10,  1785,  in  Shelburne,  Mass. 
He  became  in  1813  pastor  of  the  presby- 
>.erian  church  in  Goshen,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
remained  twenty  years.  He  published  an 
oration,  delivered  at  Williams  college  in 
1825;  a  lecture  on  the  Inability  of  Sin 
ners.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1833,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

FISK,  FIDELIA,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  May  1,  1816,  in  Shelburne,  Mass. 
In  1843  she  went  to  Persia  as  a  mission 
ary  among  the  Nestorians,  where  she  la 
bored  fifteen  years,  much  of  the  time  as 
teacher  in  a  female,  seminary.  She  was 
the  first  principal  of  the  seminary  at 
Oroomiah.  She  published  Memorial  of 
Mount  Holyoke  Seminary,  and  Woman 
and  Her  Savior  in  Persia,  and  at  the  time 
of  her  death  was  engaged  in  writing  Rec 
ollections  of  Mary  Lyon.  She  died  Aug  9, 
1864,  in  Shelburne,  Mass. 

FISK,  GEORGE  CLEMENT,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  March  4,  1831,  in  Hins- 
dale.  N.  H.  He  entered  the  office  of  T.  W. 
Watson,  car  builder,  as  a  bookkeeper; 
this  firm  was  reorganized  in  1862,  and  in 
1871  he  was  elected  president.  He  is 
president  of  two  other  companies,  and 
proprietor  of  the  Brightwood  paper  mills 
in  New  Hampshire. 

FISK.  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
about  1762.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Vermont  from  1805  to  1809, 
and  from  1811  to  1815,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Vermont.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  during  the  years  1817  and  1818, 
and  resigned;  and  in  1812  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  territory  of  Indiana,  and  in 
1817  collector  of  the  port  of  Alburg,  which 
office  he  held  eight  years.  He  died  Dec. 
1,  1844,  in  Swanton.  \  t. 

FISK.  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1809  to  1811, 
and  again  from  1813  to  1815,  when  he  was 
appointed  United  States  attorney  for  the 
southern  district  of  New  York. 

FISK,  PLINY,  missionary,  was  born 
June  24,  1792,  in  Shelburne,  Mass.  After 
traveling  extensively  in  Greece,  Egypt, 
Palestine,  and  Syria,  he  joined,  in  1825, 
the  mission  already  established  at  Beirut, 
and  died  there  of  fever  in  the  following 
October.  He  died  Oct.  23,  1842,  in  Syria. 

FISK,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  23,  1828,  in  Shelburne, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergyman 
who  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  federal 
army,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness.  He  is  the  author  of  Mr.  Dunn 
Browne's  Experiences  in  the  Army.  He 
died  May  22,  1864,  in  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

FISK,  WILBUR,  clergyman,  college 
president,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
31,  1792,  in  Brattleboro,  Vt.  He  was  a 
methodist  clergyman  once  famous  as  a 
pulpit  orator,  and  the  first  president  of 
Wesleyan  university  in  1831-39.  He  was 
the  author  of  Calvinistic  Controversy; 
Travels  in  Europe;  and  Sermons  on  Uni- 
versalism.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1839,  in  Mid- 
dletown,  Conn. 

FISKE,  JOHN,  naval  officer,  was  born 
April  10,  1744,  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  was 
master  mariner  during  the  revolutionary 
war,  and  fought  in  many  conflicts.  After 
the  war  he  engaged  in  commerce;  was 
made  major-general  of  militia  in  1792; 
and  acquired  fame  and  fortune.  He  died 
Sept.  28,  1797,  in  Salem,  Mass. 


FISKE,  JOHN,  philosopher,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  March  30,  1842,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  He  is  a  philosopher  and  his 
torian  of  Cambridge,  who  has  lectured  ex 
tensively  upon  American  history,  and  is  a 
thinker  of  the  school  of  Darwin  and 
Spencer.  He  is  the  author  of  Myths  and 
Myth-Makers;  Outlines  of  Cosmic  Phil 
osophy;  The  Unseen  World;  Darwinism 
and  Other  Essays;  Tobacco  and  Alcohol; 
Excursions  of  an  Evolutionist;  The  Des 
tiny  of  Man;  The  Idea  of  God  as  Af 
fected  by  Modern  Knowledge;  American 
Political  Ideas  from  the  Standpoint  of 
Universal  History;  The  Critical  Period  of 
American  History,  1783-89;  The  Begin 
nings  of  New  England;  Civil  Govern 
ment  in  the  United  States;  The  War  of 
Independence,  a  work  for  young  readers; 
The  American  Revolution;  The  Discov 
ery  of  America;  United  States  History  for 
Schools;  Life  of  Edward  L.  Youmans; 
and  Virginia  and  Her  Neighbors. 

FISKE,    LEWIS    RANSOM,   clergyman, 
educator  and  college  president,  was  born 
Dec.   24,    1825,   in   Albion,   Mich.     He  re 
ceived   his  education 
at  the  Michigan  uni 
versity,   from   which 
institution      he      re 
ceived  the  degrees  of 
fe  |  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  and 

— ™  subsequently  the  de 
gree  of  LL.  D.     The 

degree  of  D.  D.  was 

<HB  conferred  by  the  Al 
bion  college.  During 
1875-77  he  was  ed 
itor  of  the  Michigan 
Christian  Advocate. 
In  1850-53  he  was  professor  of  natural 
science  at  Albion  college;  in  1853-56  filled 
the  same  chair  in  the  Michigan  State 
Normal  school;  and  during  1856-63  was 
professor  of  chemistry  at  the  Michigan 
State  Agricultural  college.  During  1863- 
77  he  was  pastor  of  churches  in  Jackson, 
Ann  Arbor  and  Detroit;  and  since  1877 
has  been  president  of  Albion  college. 

FISKE,  NATHAN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  9,  1733,  in  Weston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Brookfield,  Mass.,  who  was  a  prolific  au 
thor  of  essays  and  addresses.  Beside  sep 
arate  sermons,  his  published  works  in 
clude  Sermons;  and  The  Moral  Monitor, 
a  collection  of  essays  once  very  popular 
as  a  school  reader.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1799, 
in  Brookfield,  Mass. 

FISKE,  NATHAN  WELBY,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  17, 
1798,  in  Weston,  Mass.  He  was  a  congre 
gational  clergyman,  and  professor  at  Am- 
herst  college  in  1824-47.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Manual  of  Classical  Literature; 
Sermons;  Young  Peter's  Tour  Around  the 
World:  and  Story  of  Aleck,  or  the  His 
tory  of  Pitcairn's  Island.  He  died  May  27, 
1847,  in  Jerusalem,  Palestine. 

FISKE,  OLIVER,  soldier,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Sent.  2,  1762.  He  served 
in  the  army  during  the  revolutionary  war. 
He  began  practice  in  Worcester,  Mass., 
in  1790,  and  in  1803  was  appointed  special 
justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  He 
died  in  1836  in  Boston,  Mass. 

FITCH,  ASA,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1811  to  1813. 

FITCH,  ASA,  naturalist,  agriculturist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1809,  in  Salem, 
N.  Y.  He  was  made  New  York  state  en 
tomologist  in  1854,  and  for  many  years 
published  annual  reports  on  insects  in 
jurious  to  vegetation.  He  died  April  8, 
1878,  in  Salem,  Mass. 


364 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FITCH,  ASHBEL  PARMELEE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1848,  in 
Mooers,  N.  Y.  He  was  admitted  to  the 

bar     in     November, 

1869,   and    has   since 
practiced     his     pro- 
4  fession  in  New  York 

^MflJB  city.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second  and 
fi  f  t  y-t  h  i  r  d  c  o  n- 
gresses.  In  1893  Mr. 
Fitch  resigned  his 
seat  in  congress,  and 
was  elected  comp 
troller  of  the  city  of 
New  York,  serving 
in  that  capacity  for  four  years. 

FITCH,  BENJAMIN,  merchant,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  June  13,  1802,  in  New 
York.  In  1866  he  founded  the  Fitch  home 
in  Darien,  Conn.,  for  soldiers'  orphans. 
He  added  a  public  hall  and  an  art  gallery, 
and  also  built  a  church  in  Darien.  In 
1881  he  founded  the  Fitch  institute,  which 
was  organized  on  the  plan  of  the  Cooper 
institute  of  New  York  city.  He  died  Nov. 
7,  1883,  in  New  York  city. 

FITCH,  CHARLES  ELLIOTT,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1835,  in  Syracuse,  N. 
Y.  In  1865  he  became  editor  of  The 
Syracuse  Daily  Standard;  and  in  1873  of 
The  Daily  Democrat  and  Chronicle.  In 
1890  he  was  appointed  United  States  col 
lector  of  internal  revenue;  has  been  a 
voluminous  writer  on  many  subjects;  and 
is  the  author  of  numerous  pamphlets. 

FITCH,  EBENEZER,  educator,  was 
born  Sept.  26,  1756,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  In 
1791  he  became  principal  of  Williamstown 
academy,  and  when  this  became  Williams 
college,  in  June,  1793,  he  was  elected  its 
first  president,  an  office  which  he  held 
until  1815,  when  he  resigned  to  become 
pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church  in  West 
Bloomfield,  N.  Y.  He  died  March  21,  1833, 
in  Bloomfield,  N.  Y. 

FITCH,  ELEAZAR  THOMPSON,  edu 
cator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1, 
1791,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  For  many 
years  he  was  professor  of  divinity  at 
Yale.  He  wrote  theological  reviews  and 
other  articles  for  periodicals,  and  a  vol 
ume  of  his  sermons  was  published  in 
1871.  He  died  Jan.  31,  1871,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

FITCH,  ELIJAH,  clergyman,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1745.  He  became  a  min 
ister  of  the  congregational  church  in 
Hopkinton  in  1771,  where  he  remained 
till  his  death.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Beauties  of  Religion,  a  long  poem  ad 
dressed  to  youth;  and  also  of  a  short 
poem  entitled  The  Choice.  He  died  Dec. 
16,  1788,  in  Hopkinton,  Mass. 

FITCH,  GRAHAM  NEWELL,  physi 
cian,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Dec.  5,  1809,  in  Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  medical  professor  in  the  Rush 
Medical  college  at  Chicago,  111.,  from  1844 
to  1849.  In  1844,  1848,  and  1856,  he  was 
chosen  a  presidential  elector,  and  in  1836 
and  1839  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
Indiana.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1849  to  1853; 
and  in  1857  was  chosen  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  for  the  term  ending  in  1861. 

FITCH,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  24,  1622,  in  England.  He  was 
pastor  at  Saybrook  in  1646-60,  and  was 
afterward  installed  as  the  first  minister 
of  Norwich.  He  published  First  Prin 
ciples  of  the  Doctrine  of  Christ,  and  sev 
eral  sermons.  He  died  Nov.  18,  1702,  in 
Lebanon,  Conn. 

FITCH,  JOHN,  inventor,  was  born  Jan. 
21,  1743,  in  Windsor,  Conn.  He  is  said 
by  authorities  to  be  the  originator  of  run 


ning  vessels  by  steam   as  early  as  1785. 
He  died  in  1798  in  Bardstown,  Ky. 

FITCH,  JOHN  LEE,  artist,  was  born 
June  25,  1836,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  has 
achieved  reputation  as  a  painter  of  forest 
scenes,  and  is  a  close  student  of  nature. 
His  largest  picture,  In  the  Woods,  was 
exhibited  at  Philadelphia  in  1876.  Among 
his  other  works  are  On  Gill  Brook;  A 
Mountain  Brook;  The  Outlet;  Waiting 
for  a  Bite;  A  Stray  Sunbeam;  Cliff  Side; 
Willows  on  the  Croton;  and  Near  Carmel. 
N.  Y. 

FITCH,  LEROY,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  1835  in  Indiana.  He  served  in  the  Mis 
sissippi  squadron  during  the  civil  war, 
taking  part  in  the  capture  of  Forts  Donel- 
son  and  Pillow,  the  reduction  of  Island 
No.  10,  and  the  victory  over  the  confed 
erate  fleet  at  Memphis,  Tenn.  He  died 
April  13,  1875,  in  Logansport,  Ind. 

FITCH,  THOMAS,  jurist,  governor,  was 
born  in  June,  1699,  in  Norwalk,  Conn.  He 
was  chancellor,  judge  of  the  superior 
court,  and  chief  justice  of  his  state.  His 
principles  were  loyal,  and,  notwithstand 
ing  the  growing  unpopularity  of  his  opin 
ions,  he  was  elected  governor  in  1754, 
and  held  office  till  1766.  He  died  in  July, 
1774. 

FITCH,  THOMAS,  merchant,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1838,  in 
New  York  city.  He  went  to  California  in 
1860,  and  became  editor  of  the  San  Fran 
cisco  Times;  and  also  of  the  Placerville 
Republican.  In  1862  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  assembly.  He  removed  to  Nevada 
territory  in  1863,  and  edited  the  Virginia 
Union;  and  in  1864  was  elected  to  the 
first  constitutional  convention  of  Nevada. 
He  subsequently  settled  in  Washoe  City 
and  practiced  law;  and  in  1865  was  ap 
pointed  a  district  attorney.  In  1861  he 
settled  in  Belmont;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Nevada  to  the  forty- 
first  congress  as  a  republican. 

FITCH,  THOMAS  DAVIS,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  lecturer,  was  born  July 
14,  1829,  in  Troy,  Pa.  He  has  been  sur 
geon  and  lecturer  on  obstetrics  in  various 
Chicago  hospitals,  and  was  one  of  the 
originators  in  1870  of  the  Woman's  hos 
pital  medical  college  in  the  same  city,  in 
which  institution  he  has  filled  the  chair 
of  gynecology. 

FITCH,  WILLIAM  CLYDE,  dramatist, 
author,  was  born  in  1865.  He  is  a  dram 
atist  of  New  York  city,  the  author  of  Beau 
Brummell  and  other  plays;  The  Knight 
ing  of  the  Twins,  and  Ten  Other  Tales; 
and  Some  Correspondence  and  Six  Con 
versations. 

FITHIAN,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  4,  1854,  near 
Willow  Hill,  111.  He  was  elected  state's 
attorney  of  Jasper  county  in  1876,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1880.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  democrat.  He  also  served  as  railroad 
and  warehouse  commissioner  of  Illinois. 

FITLER,  EDWIN  HENRY,  manufac 
turer,  mayor  of  Philadelphia,  was  born 
Dec.  2.  1825,  In  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1859 
he  reorganized  the  concern  under  the 
name  of  Edwin  H.  Fitler  and  Co.  The 
business  steadily  grew  until,  in  1880,  the 
works  were  removed  to  Bridesburg  and 
fitted  with  the  newest  appliances  of  the 
trade,  and  they  now  occupy  fifteen  acres 
of  ground  space. 

FITTON,  JAMES,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  1803  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  instru 
mental  in  establishing  the  college  of  the 
Holy  Cross  at  Worcester,  and  the  first 


Roman  catholic  newspaper.    He  died  Sept. 
15,  1881,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

FITTON,  SAMUEL  D.,  banker,  was. 
born  June  21,  1846,  in  Hamilton,  Ohio. 
After  receiving  his  education,  he  entered 
the  First  National  bank  of  Hamilton, 
Ohio.  He  held  each  successive  position 
from  messenger  up  to  president,  being 
elected  to  that  responsible  office  in  May, 
1895. 

FITTS,  JAMES  HARRIS,  lawyer,  bank 
er,  manufacturer,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1830, 
near  Jackson,  Ala.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  university  of  Alabama.  He 
became  bank  attorney  of  the  Old  State 
bank,  a  depository  of  the  confederate  state 
government.  During  1865-68  he  was 
trustee  of  the  university  of  Alabama.  He 
has  been  treasurer  of  the  diocese,  trustee 
and  treasurer  of  the  bishop's  fund  of  the 
diocese  of  Alabama;  and  for  the  past 
quarter  of  a  century  has  been  treasurer 
of  the  university  of  Alabama.  He  organ 
ized  and  was  president  of  the  Tuscaloosa 
Cotton  mills,  which  manufactured  the 
first  colored  cotton  plaids  made  in  the 
south;  and  in  1865  he  established  the 
banking  house  of  J.  H.  Fitts  and  Com 
pany. 

FITTS,  OLIVER,  jurist.  He  was  a  citi 
zen  of  Mississippi;  and  in  1810  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  judge  for  the  ter 
ritory  of  Mississippi. 

FITZ,  HENRY,  telescope-maker,  was 
born  in  1808  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  In 
1835  he  made  his  first  reflecting  telescope, 
and  in  the  winter  of  1844  invented  a  meth 
od  of  perfecting  object-glasses  for  refract 
ing  telescopes,  constructing  the  first  one 
out  of  the  bottom  of  an  ordinary  tumbler. 
He  died  Nov.  6,  1863,  in  New  York  city. 

FITZGERALD,  DAVID  C.,  lawyer,  ora 
tor,  was  born  June  8,  1868,  in  Limerick, 
Ireland,  where  his  ancestors  have  been 
prominent  in  nation 
al  affairs  since  early 
in  the  fourteenth 
century.  His  educa 
tion  was  completed 
in  Oxford  university, 
where  he  received 
the  degrees  of  B.  A. 
and  LL.  B.  In  1890 
he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  New  York, 
and  subsequently  to 
the  bar  of  the  United 
States.  He  has  at 
tained  note  as  a  successful  lawyer,  and 
has  a  large  practice  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He 
is  considered  one  of  the  best  authorities 
on  international  law;  and  is  prominent  in 
the  councils  of  the  democratic  party. 

FITZGERALD,  JOHN  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  Dorn  Feb.  11,  1865,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Bos 
ton  common  council  of  1892;  and  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
state  senate  in  1893  and  1894.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

FITZGERALD,  LOUIS,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  was  born  May  31,  1838,  in  New 
^  ork  city.  He  entered  the  United  States 
service  as  first  lieutenant  in  the  eleventh 
regiment  New  York  volunteers,  served 
throughout  the  war  and  attained  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general.  He  was  for  sev 
eral  years  president  of  the  New  York  Mer 
cantile  Trust  company,  and  is  connected 
with  a  number  of  prominent  corporations 
of  that  city. 

FITZGERALD,  MARCELLA  A.,  poet, 
was  born  Feb.  23,  1845,  in  Canada.  She 
is  the  author  of  Poems,  a  volume  which 
contains  her  best  productions. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


365 


FITZGERALD,   OSCAR  PENN,  clergy 
man,  bishop,  author,  was  born   Aug.  24, 
1829,  in  Caswell  county,  N.  C.     This  em 
inent  clergyman  has 
been    superintendent 
of  public  instruction 
•f  of  the  state  of  Cali- 
J    fornia;    editor  of  the 
*V  I   Christian      Advocate 

X  of   Nashville,  Tenn.; 

f.  and  bishop  of  the 
V^  5  methodist  episcopal 
church  south.  He  is 
the  author  of  Cali- 
fornia  Sketches; 
Centenary  Cameos; 
Glimpses  of  Truth; 
Christian  Growth;  Life  of  McFerrin;  Dr. 
Summers,  A  Life  Study;  Eminent  Meth 
odists;  The  Epworth  Book;  and  other 
works. 

FITZGERALD,  THOMAS,  soldier,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  April 
10,  1796,  in  Germantown,  N.  Y.  In  1848 
and  1849  he  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Michigan  under  the  appointment  of 
the  governor.  He  died  March  25,  1855,  in 
Niles,  Mich. 

FITZGERALD,  THOMAS,  journalist, 
dramatist,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1819,  in  New 
York  city.  He  began  the  publication  of 
The  Daily  Item  in  1852,  and  for  the  next 
forty  years  of  his  life  his  great  energies 
were  devoted  to  building  up  the  interests 
of  the  paper  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  a 
successful  dramatist,  his  first  play,  Light 
at  Last,  being  produced  in  1868.  He  died 
June  25,  1891,  in  London,  England. 

FITZ  GERALD,  THOMAS  JOSEPH, 
lawyer,  journalist,  was  born  March  1, 
1857,  in  Canada.  He  practiced  law  for 
five  years  in  Chicago;  and  since  1887  has 
been  engaged  in  journalism  as  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.,  correspondent,  and  writer  for 
magazines  and  newspapers  generally. 

FITZGERALD,  WILLIAM,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Tennessee.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1831  to  1833,  and  was  a  mem- 
Tjer  of  the  committee  on  expenditures  in 
the  treasury  department.  He  was  also 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Tennessee. 

FITZHUGH,  EDWARD  HENRY,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1816,  in 
Caroline  county,  Va.  He  removed  to 
Richmond,  Va.,  in  1861,  and  served  in  an 
important  capacity  in  the  quartermaster's 
department  of  the  confederate  army  from 
1861  till  1865. 

FITZHUGH,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  July  2,  1807,  in  Prince  William. 
Va.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Port  Royal,  Va.; 
and  was  the  author  of  Sociology  for.  the 
South;  and  Cannibals  All,  or  Slaves  with 
out  Masters.  He  died  July  30,  1881,  in 
Huntsville,  Texas. 

FITZHUGH,  NICHOLAS,  jurist,  came 
of  a  Virginia  family.  In  1803  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  the 
United  States  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 
FITZHUGH,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1726  in  Stafford  county,  Va. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1779  to  1780.  He  died  in  1809. 
FITZHUGH,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  phil 
anthropist,  author,  was  born  March  8, 
1792,  in  Chatham,  Va.  He  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  American  coloniza 
tion  society,  and  took  an  active  interest 
in  it,  supporting  it  both  with  voice  and 
pen.  In  1826  he  published  a  series  of  es 
says  in  behalf  of  the  cause,  over  the  sig 
nature  of  Opimius,  in  the  columns  of  the 
Richmond  Inquirer.  He  died  May  21, 
1830,  in  Cambridge,  Md. 

FITZPATRICK,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
•was  born  Jnn-e  30,  1802,  in  Greene  county, 


Ga.  In  1841  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Alabama;  and  in  1843  was  re-elected  to 
the  same  position.  In  1852  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  senator  in  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  and  in  1855  was  elected  to  the 
same  position  for  the  term  ending  in 
1861.  He  retired  from  the  senate  in  1861, 
and  took  part  in  the  rebellion.  He  died 
in  November,  1870,  in  Antonaga  county, 
Ala. 

FITZPATRICK,  JOHN  BERNARD, 
bishop,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1812,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  erected  one  of  the  finest  or 
phan  asylums  in  America,  a  large  re 
formatory,  a  hospital,  and  a  college.  He 
died  Feb.  13,  1866,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

FITZPATRICK,  T.  Y.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1850,  in 
Floyd  county,  Ky.  He  has  filled  the  po 
sitions  of  county  judge,  county  attorney, 
and  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture;  was  democratic  elector  in  1884,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

FITZPATRICK,  THOMAS  P.,  educator, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  was  born 
Feb.  11,  1827.  He  served  four  years  as  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  state  senate  soon 
after  the  war.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  county  court  of  Nelson  coun 
ty,  and  received  the  re-election  in  1890  to 
the  same  office. 

FITZ  SIMONS,  CHARLES,  soldier, 
business  man,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1834,  in 
New  York  city.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war  and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  is  a  successful  business  man 
of  Chicago,  111. 

FITZSIMONS,  THOMAS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1741  in  Ireland.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1789  to  1795;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  for  many  years. 
He  was  president  of  the  Philadelphia 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  of  other  lo'cal 
institutions.  He  died  in  August,  1811. 

FLAGET,  BENEDICT  JOSEPH,  bishop, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1763,  in  France.  In  1841 
he  was  ordained  Roman  catholic  bishop, 
Bardstown,  Louisville,  Ky.  He  died  Feb. 
11,  1850,  in  Nazareth,  Ky. 

FLAGG,  EDMUND,  lawyer,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1815,  in 
Maine.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  journalist 
of  St.  Louis  and  elsewhere,  living  in  West 
Salem,  Va.,  in  recent  years.  He  was  the 
author  of  Venice,  the  City  of  the  Sea,  a 
history,  his  most  important  work.  Oth 
er  writings  of  his  include  North  Italy 
since  1849;  Commercial  Relations  of  the 
United  States;  Blanche  of  Artois;  and 
Edmond  Dantes,  a  sequel  to  Monte 
Cristo. 

FLAGG,  EDWARD  OCTAVUS,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  18, 
1824,  in  Georgetown,  S.  C.  He  is  a  grand 
son  of  Dr.  Flagg,  a 
surgeon  in  the  war 
of  the  revolution; 
and  the  son  of  Henry 
C.  Flagg,  a  lawyer 
and  formerly  mayor 
of  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Previous  to  taking 
orders  he  studied 
law.  After  having 
pursued  a  course  of 
civil  engineering  he 
entered  Trinity  col 
lege,  then  studied 
divinity;  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-five 
was  ordained  deacon.  On  being  admitted 
to  the  priesthood,  he  became  rector  of 
Trinity  church  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  and 
while  there  established  a  church  at  Yan- 
tie.  Dr.  Flagg  has  been  the  founder  of 
several  parishes;  was  rector  of  the  New 
York  All  Saints'  church;  and  for  six 


years  was  assistant  of  Grace  church.  For 
several  years  he  was  chaplain  of  the  ninth 
regiment  New  York  national  guard.  He 
has  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on 
literature  and  history  in  New  York  and 
elsewhere.  A  collection  of  his  poetical 
works  was  published  in  1889;  and  six 
years  later  a  second  volume  was  issued, 
entitled  Poems  and  Later  Poems.  He  was 
made  a  doctor  of  law  by  St.  John's  college 
of  Annapolis  in  1898.  He  is  the  author  of 
Rejoice  for  Liberty,  a  patriotic  hymn. 

FLAGG,  GEORGE  WHITING,  artist, 
was  born  June  26,  1816,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  Among  his  pictures  are  Landing 
of  the  Pilgrims;  Landing  of  the  Atlantic 
Cable;  and  Columbus  and  the  Egg. 

FLAGG,  HENRY  COLLINS,  lawyer, 
journalist,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1792,  near 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  took  an  active  part 
in  politics,  opposing  the  federalist  party 
in  Connecticut,  both  as  a  public  speaker 
and  as  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Con 
necticut  Herald.  He  died  March  8,  1863, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

FLAGG,  ISAAC,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1843  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a 
professor  of  Greek  at  Cornell  university 
in  1871-88,  and  has  been  a  professor  at  the 
university  of  California  since  1891.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Hellenic  Orations  of 
Demosthenes;  Versicles;  The  Seven 
Against  Thebes,  of  ^Eschylus;  and  Iphige- 
nia  among  the  Taurians,  of  Euripides. 

FLAGG,  JARED  BRADLEY,  clergy 
man,  artist,  author,  was  born  June  16, 
1820,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  studied 
for  a  short  time  with 
his  brother  George, 
and  subsequently 
with  his  uncle, 
Washington  Allston. 
When  but  sixteen 
years  old  he  exhib 
ited  in  the  National 
Academy  of  Design  a 
portrait  of  his  father 
which  received  fa 
vorable  notice  from 
the  artists  and  art 
critics  of  the  time. 
He  settled  in  Hartford,  where  he  became 
prominent  as  a  portrait  painter.  He  was 
called  to  the  rectorship  of  Grace  church 
of  Brooklyn  Heights,  where  he  remained 
eight  years.  In  his  later  life,  while  still 
pursuing  his  art,  he  devoted  a  portion 
of  his  time  to  literary  work,  and  in  1892 
published  his  first  book,  The  Life  and 
Letters  of  Washington  Allston. 

FLAGG,  JOHN  FOSTER  BREWSTER, 
physician,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1804, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  Philadelphia 
physician;  and  the  author  of  Ether  and 
Chloroform  and  Their  Employment  in 
Surgery,  Dentistry,  Midwifery,  etc.  He 
died  Sept.  8,  1872,  in  West  Chester,  Pa. 

FLAGG,  RUFUS  CUSHMAN,  clergy 
man,  educator,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1846. 
This  eminent  educator  and  clergyman  is 
well  known  as  the  president  of  Ripon 
college  of  Wisconsin. 

FLAGG,  WILLARD  CUTTING,  agricul 
turist,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1829,  in  Moro, 
111.  He  became  prominent  in  local  poli 
tics,  was  collector  of  internal  revenue  for 
the  twelfth  district  of  Illinois  in  1862-69, 
and  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1869- 
73.  He  died  March  30,  1878,  in  Moro,  111. 

FLAGG,  WILSON,  naturalist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  5,  1805,  in  Beverly,  Mass. 
He  was  a  naturalist  of  Cambridge;  and 
the  author  of  Studies  in  the  Field  and 
Forest;  Woods  and  By- Ways  of  New 
England;  Halcyon  Days;  A  Year  among 
the  Trees;  and  A  Year  among  the  Birds. 
He  died  May  6,  1884,  in  North  Cambridge, 
Mass. 


366 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FLAGLER,  HENHY  N.,  oil  producer, 
refiner,  was  born  about  1830  in  Canandai- 
gua,  N.  Y.  When  he  was  admitted  to 
partnership  in  the  oil  refining  firm  of 
Rockefeller,  Andrews  and  Flagler  of  that 
city,  his  future  was  assured.  The  Stan 
dard  Oil  Co.  succeeded  the  firm  to  which 
Mr.  Flagler  belonged,  and  he  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  its  manage 
ment  since  its  organization. 

FLAIG,  ANDREW,  merchant,  banker, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1852,  in  Germany.  He 
was  the  first  mayor  of  the  city  of  Colby, 
Wis.,  where  he  has  held  high  positions  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 
He  is  a  successful  merchant  and  banker, 
and  interested  in  various  business  enter 
prises  of  his  city. 

FLANAGAN,  JAMES  WINRIGHT,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1805,  in  Albe- 
marle,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  in  1851  and  1852;  and  of  the 
senate  in  1855  and  1856.  He  was  an  elec 
tor  in  1857;  and  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  conventions  of  1866  and 
1868.  He  was  elected  to  congress  for  the 
state  at  large  in  1869;  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  in  1869;  and  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1870,  and  ending  in  1875. 

FLANAGAN,  WEBSTER,  farmer,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1832,  in 
Cloverport,  Ky.  In  1851  he  was  admitted 
^^^^^^  in  the  bar;  :m<i  ;ii 

the  beginning  of  the 
}  civil  war  was  com- 
,  missioned  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers 
i  -  in  the  confederate 
I  service.  In  1865  he 
£  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  fifth  judicial 
district  of  Texas.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
state  constitutional 
convention  in  1869; 
and  two  years  later 
became  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state. 
In  1875  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Texas  state  senate.  He  has  been  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  conventions  of  1872, 
1880,  1884,  1888,  1892,  and  1896.  In  1890 
he  was  candidate  for  governor  of  Texas; 
and  in  1891  was  appointed  collector  of 
customs  for  El  Paso,  which  position  he 
resigned  in  1893.  During  1876-80  he  was 
president  of  the  Henderson  and  Overton 
Railroad  company. 

FLANDERS,  ALVIN,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1825  in 
Hopkinton,  N.  H.  He  took  part  in  es 
tablishing  the  San  Francisco  Daily  Times, 
with  which  he  was  connected  until  1861. 
Luring  that  year  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature;  spent  two  years  in  the 
United  States  branch  mint;  and  in  1862 
was  appointed  register  of  the  Humboldt 
Bay  Land  office,  which  office  he  resigned. 
He  then  removed  to  Washington  terri 
tory,  from  which  he  was  elected  a  dele 
gate  to  the  fortieth  congress.  In  1869  he 
was  appointed  governor  of  Washington 
territory. 

FLANDERS,  BENJAMIN  FLANDERS, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  26, 
1816,  in  Bristol,  N.  H.  He  became  the  ed 
itor  of  the  Tropic  newspaper  of  New  Or 
leans;  served  as  a  member  of  the  city 
government;  was  superintendent  of  a 
public  school,  and  also  of  a  railroad  com 
pany.  Towards  the  close  of  the  year  1861 
he  wag  elected,  under  a  new  order  of 
things,  a  representative  from  Louisiana 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress,  taking  his 
seat  within  a  fortnight  of  its  final  ad 
journment;  and  in  1867  he  was  appointed, 
by  military  authority,  governor  of  Louisi 


ana.  In  1870-73  he  was  mayor  of  New 
Orleans;  and  in  1873  was  appointed 
United  States  treasurer  of  that  city. 

FLANDERS,  HENRY,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  13,  1826,  in  Plainfield,  N.  H. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia;,  and  the 
author  of  Maritime  Law;  The  Law  of 
Shipping;  Lives  of  the  United  States 
Chief  Justices  (1858);  Memoirs  of  Cum 
berland;  Exposition  of  the  United  States 
Constitution;  The  Law  of  Fire  Insurance; 
and  Adventures  of  a  Virginian. 

FLANDRAU,  THOMAS  MACOMB,  phy 
sician,  was  born  July  8,  1826,  in  New  York. 
He  settled  in  Rome,  N.  Y.,  in  1853,  making 
specialties  of  surgery. 

FLANDRAW,  CHARLES  E.,  jurist,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  removed  to  Min 
nesota  territory.  He  was  appointed  an 
associate  justice  of  the  United  States  court 
for  that  district. 

FLANNERY,  JOHN,  soldier,  merchant, 
banker,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1835,  in  Ire 
land.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  captain.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Savannah  Cotton  ex 
change,  and  is  president  of  the  Southern 
bank  of  the  state  of  Georgia.  He  is  a 
leader  in  the  cotton  trade  of  the  city  of 
Savannah,  Ga. 

FLANNIGAN,  HARRIS,  legislator,  gov 
ernor.  He  was  for  many  years  a  lead 
ing  man  in  the  state  of  Arkansas;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  last  constitutional  convention; 
and  was  elected  governor  of  the  state  in 
1873.  He  died  Oct.  23,  1874,  in  Arkadel- 
phia. 

FLASH,  HENRY  LYNDEN,  soldier, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1835,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  In  1852  he  graduated  from  the 
Western  Military  institute  of  Kentucky. 
He  served  in  the  confederate  service  dur 
ing  the  civil  war  as  a  volunteer  aide  on 
the  staffs  of  Gen.  Hardee  and  Gen.  Wheel 
er.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  edited  The 
Confederate  of  Macon,  Ga.  During  1866- 
86  he  was  engaged  in  business  in  New  Or 
leans;  and  since  1887  has  resided  in  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.  In  1860  he  published  a 
volume  of  poems;  and  has  written  ex 
tensively  under  the  pen  names  of  Lynden 
Eclair  and  Harry  Flash. 

FLAVIN,  JOHN  T.,  educator,  was  born 
Sept.  19,  1850,  in  Watertown,  Wis.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools,  and  graduated  from 
the  Northwestern  university.  He  has  been 
county  superintendent  of  schools  of  Dodge 
county,  Wis.,  for  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
without  interruption,  and  is  well  known 
throughout  the  state  as  a  successful  edu 
cator.  For  seven  years  he  has  been  presi-- 
dent  of  the  Wisconsin  Teachers'  Reading 
circle,  and  contributes  extensively  to  cur 
rent  literature  on  educational  topics. 

FLEEGER,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  13, 
1839,  in  Butler  county,  Pa.  He  served  in 
the  union  army  as  a  lieutenant.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  Pennsylvania  leg 
islature  in  1871  and  1872;  and  in  1884, 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

FLEET,  THOMAS,  printer,  journalist, 
was  born  Sept.  8,  1685,  in  cmgland.  He 
was  the  father  of  the  celebrated  Mother 
Goose  Melodies.  He  was  the  editor  and 
proprietor  of  The  Boston  Evening  Post 
from  1733,  which  was  conducted  until 
1757  by  himself  and  two  sons.  He  died 
July  21,  1758,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

FLEISCHHAUER,  ALFRED  M..  mer 
chant,  state  legislator,  was  born  March 
31,  1867,  in  Canada.  He  is  a  successful 
merchant  of  Reed  City,  Minn.;  and  dur 
ing  1897-98  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Michigan  house  of  repre 
sentatives. 


FLEISCHMANN,  CHARLES,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  state  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  3,  1834,  in  Hungary.  He  originated 
the  extensive  establishment  wnich  manu 
factures  Fleischmann's  compressed  yeast; 
is  interested  in  numerous  other  business 
enterprises;  and  is  the  president  of  the 
Market  National  bank.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  senate; 
and  in  1895  was  re-elected  to  the  same 
office. 

FLEMING,  ANDREW  MAGNUS,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  April  2,  1858,  in 
Plymouth,  Mass.  He  is  a  prominent  law 
yer  of  Delaware  county,  Iowa,  and  is  the 
author  of  Joe  Bowers;  Captain  Kiddle 
Wreckleback's  Hotel;  and  Gleanings  of  a 
Tyro  Bard. 

FLEMING,  ARETAS  BROOKS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  29,  183D,  in 
Fairmont,  W.  Va.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  dele 
gates  of  the  West 
Virginia  legislature 
in  1872,  and  again  in 
1875.  During  1878- 
89  he  was  judge  of 
the  judicial  circuit 
court  of  West  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  West 
Virginia,  his  term  of 
office  to  commence 
March,  4,  1889,  but  he 
did  not  get  the  office 
until  Feb.  6,  1890,  owing  to  the  noted 
gubernatorial  contest  for  the  office  before 
the  legislature  in  1889  and  1890,  wherein 
he  was  contestant  and  General  Nathan 
Goff  was  contestee.  He  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  governor  until  March  4,  1893. 
He  is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the 
south,  and  is  interested  in  extensive  coal 
mines  in  the  upper  Monongahela  Valley. 

FLEMING,  DAVID  C.,  educator,  public 
officer,  was  born  March  22,  1855,  in  Hunt- 
ington,  Ind.  He  was  a  farmer  and  teacher 
until  1883  in  his  native  state,  and  then 
emigrated  to  Colorado.  He  has  been 
county  superintendent  of  schools  and 
has  filled  numerous  other  public  offices  in 
Sterling,  Col. 

FLEMING,  FRANCIS  P.,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1841,  in  Pana 
ma,  Fla.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  and 
attained  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  Florida  in  1888, 
and  was  inaugurated  in  1889. 

FLEMING,  JOHN,  printer.  He  was  one 
of  the  publishers  of  the  Boston  Chronicle 
in  1767,  the  first  paper  that  was  published 
twice  a  week  in  New  England. 

FLEMING,  JOHN,  lawyer,  was  born 
June  1,  1842,  in  Ireland.  In  1883  he  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Cleveland  as  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Queens  county,  N.  Y., 
and  was  then  elected  to  the  same  office 
for  three  years,  rie  was  again  appointed 
to  that  office  in  1887  by  Governor  Hill; 
and  was  subsequently  elected  twice  to  that 
position.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  crim 
inal  lawyers  in  the  state  of  New  York. 

FLEMING,  LUCY  WARD  RANDOLPH, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1847  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of  Alice 
Withrow;  and  Talks  to  Little  Mission 
aries;  and  since  her  youth  has  contrib 
uted  articles  of  interest  on  foreign  mis 
sions,  church  work  and  domestic  duties. 

FLEMING,  MRS.  MAY  AGNES  EARLY, 
author,  was  born  in  1840  in  New  Bruns 
wick.  She  was  a  prolific  author  of  sensa 
tional  romances,  some  of  which  were  is- 
sucil  under  the  pseudonym  of  Cousin  May 
Carleton.  Among  them  are  Guy  Earls- 
court's  Wife;  Lost  for  a  Woman:  and 
Pride  and  Passion.  She  d.ed  in  1880. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


367 


FLEMING,  MAYBURY,  dramatic  critic. 
He  is  a  dramatic  Critic,  on  the  editorial 
staff  of  the  New  York  Mail  and  Express. 

FLEMING,  THOMAS,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1727,  in  Botetourt  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  revolutionary  soldier,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  colonel.  He  died  in  August,  1776. 

FLEMING,  WILLIAM,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1734.  He  became  judge 
of  the  general  court  and  presiding  judge 
of  the  court  of  appeals;  and  served  as  a 
delegate  from  Virginia  to  the  continental 
congress  in  1779-81.  He  died  February  2, 
1824. 

FLEMING,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1856,  in 
Augusta,  Ga.  He  was  elected  superintend 
ent  of  the  public  schools  of  Augusta'  and 
Richmond  county,  Ga.,  in  1877-80.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  from 
Richmond  county  in  1888,  1890,  and  1892, 
and  again  elected  in  1894,  and  was  speaker 
of  the  house.  He  was  elected  president 
of  the  Georgia  State  Bar  association  in 
1894,  and  at  the  annual  meeting  in  1895 
delivered  an  address  on  the  Ethics  of  the 
Bar  in  Relation  to  the  State.  He  was 
chosen  in  1895  grand  commander  of  the 
Knights  Templar  for  the  state  of  Georgia, 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

FLEMING,  WILLIAM  MAYBURY, 
actor,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1817,  in  Danbury, 
Conn.  He  became  known  chiefly  for  his 
personations  of  Romeo,  Claude  Melnotte, 
Edgar  in  King  Lear,  the  Bastard  in  King  ' 
John,  Hamlet,  Richelieu,  Sir  Giles  Over 
reach,  Sir  Edward  Mortimer,  Mathias  in 
The  Bells,  Rolla,  Jack  Cade,  and  a  few 
special  roles  of  poetic  character.  He  died 
May  7,  1866,  in  New  York. 

FLEMING,  WILLIAMINA  PATON,  as 
tronomer,  author,  was  born  May  15,  1857, 
in  Scotland.  In  1879  she  became  connected 
with  the  Harvard  college  observatory. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  An 
nals  of  the  Observatory. 

FLENNIKER,  ROBERT  P.,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed 
a  justice  of  the  United  States  court  for 
the  territory  of  Utah,  residing  at  Salt 
Lake  City. 

FLETCHER,  ALICE  CUNNINGHAM, 
ethnologist,  was  born  about  1845  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  Under  the  care  of  the  Wom 
an's  National  Indian  association,  Miss 
Fletcher  established  a  system  by  which 
small  sums  of  money  were  lent  to  such 
Indians  as  wished  to  buy  tracts  of  land' 
and  build  houses.  She  has  published  nu 
merous  papers  and  monographs. 

FLETCHER,  ASAPH,  physician,  was 
born  June  28,  1746,  in  Westford,  Mass. 
He  was  elected  in  1780  to  the  convention 
that  framed  the  constitution  of  Massa 
chusetts,  and  labored  earnestly  to  intro 
duce  into  that  instrument  the  principle  of 
absolute  freedom  of  worship.  He  died 
Jan.  5,  1839,  in  Cavendish,  Vt. 

FLETCHER,  AUSTIN  BARCLAY,  law 
yer,  was  born  March  13,  1852,  in  Mendon, 
Mass.  He  was  treasurer  and  later  presi 
dent  of  the  leading  corporation  in  the 
wool  and  leather  business  in  New  York 
city. 

FLETCHER,  BENJAMIN.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  New  York,  and  lived  in  the 
seventeenth  century. 

FLETCHER,  CHARLES,  manulacturer, 
was  born  Nov.  20,  1840,  in  England.  He 
has  erected  one  building  after  another, 
until  six  large  mills  now  stand  upon  the 
grounds  of  the  Providence  Worsted  Mill 
company.  Other  industrial  interests  have 
been  managed  and  promoted  by  him,  in 
cluding  the  Saranac,  the  National  and  the 
Fulton  Worsted  mills,  and  in  1886  he 
bought  the  Narragansett  hotel,  the  prin 
cipal  public  house  in  Providence. 


FLETCHER,  DUNCAN  UPSHAW,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1859,  in 
Sumter  county,  Ga.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Jacksonville,  Fla.;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  city  council  in  1889-91;  mayor 
of  that  city  in  1893-95;  and  in  1893  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Flori 
da  state  legislature. 

FLETCHER,  GEORGE  HENRY,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  18,  I860,  in 
Mankato,  Minn.  In  1881  he  graduated 
from  the  university  of  Michigan  with  the 
degree  of  B.  A.;  and  in  1883  was  admit 
ted  to  the  practice  of  law  in  Minneapolis, 
Minn.  During  1887-91  he  was  president  of 
the  Union  League  of  Minneapolis;  and  in 
1S93  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  Minnesota  house  of  representatives, 
and  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary  com 
mittee. 

FLETCHER,  GEORGE  NICHOLS,  lum 
berman,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1813,  in  Ludlow, 
Vt.  He  is  president  of  the  International 
Sulphite  Fiber  and  Paper  company  of  De 
troit,  and  of  the  Rumford  Falls  Power 
company  of  Maine.  He  is  also  working 
gold  mines  in  Arizona. 

FLETCHER,  HORACE,  clergyman,  was 
born  Oct.  28,  1796,  in  Cavendish,  Vt.  He 
was  one  of  the  most  useful  and  respected 
ministers  in  his  native  state.  He  was 
chosen  state  senator  in  1855.  He  died  No 
vember  27,  1871.' 

FLETCHER,  ISAAC,  congressman.  He 
was  formerly  a  member  of  the  Vermont 
legislature;  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  that  state  from  1837  to  1841.  He 
died  Oct.  19,  1842,  in  Lyndon,  Vt. 

FLETCHER,  JAMES  COOLEY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1823  in  Indian 
apolis,  Ind.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man,  missionary  to  Brazil  in  1851-54,  and 
author  with  D.  P.  Kidder  of  the  once 
very  popular  work,  Brazil  and  the  Bra 
zilians,  which  first  appeared  in  1857,  and 
reached  an  eighth  edition  in  1868. 

FLETCHER,  JOSIAH  MOODY,  manu 
facturer,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1828,  in 
Halifax,  Mass.  In  1843  he  engaged  in  the 
bookselling  and  publishing  business  in 
Nashua,  N.  H.;  and  since  1854  has  been 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  furniture. 
He  is  president  of  the  Fletcher  and  Web 
ster  Furniture  company,  and  proprietor 
of  the  Nashua  Novelty  works.  He  is  the 
editor  of  several  gift  books,  and  in  1890 
published  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  A 
Thousand  Songs  of  Life,  Love,  Home  and 
Heaven. 

FLETCHER,  JULIA  CONSTANCE 
(GEORGE  FLEMING),  author,  was  born 
in  1859.  She  is  a  novelist  whose  home 
is  in  Rome,  and  is  the  author  of  Kismet; 
The  Head  of  Medusa;  Mirage;  Vestigia; 
Andromeda;  The  Truth  About  Clement 
Ker;  and  For  Plain  Women  Only. 

FLETCHER,  LOREN,  manufacturer, 
merchant,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  April  10,  1833,  in  Mount  Ver- 
non,  Maine.  He  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature  in  1872  and  re-elected  seven 
times;  the  last  three  terms  served  as 
speaker,  having  been  unanimously  elected 
the  last  term.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

FLETCHER,  MILES  J.,  was  born  in 
1828,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  In  1860  he  was 
elected  superintendent  of  public  instruc 
tion  for  the  state  of  Indiana. 

FLETCHER,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  8, 
1788,  in  Cavendish,  Vt.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  legislature;  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1837  to  1839, 
and  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1848  to  1853.  He  died 
June  21,  1869,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


FLETCHER,  ROBERT,  anthropologist, 
author,  was  born  in  1823.  in  England.  He 
is  an  eminent  anthropologist  of  Washing 
ton  and  the  author  of  Paul  Broca  and  the 
French  School  of  Anthropology;  Prehis 
toric  Trephining  and  Cranial  Amulets; 
Human  Proportion  in  Art  and  Anthro 
pometry;  Some  Recent  Experiments  in 
Serpent  Venom;  The  New  School  of 
Criminal  Anthropology;  and  Tattooing 
Among  Civilized  People. 

FLETCHER,  RYLAND,  state  senator, 
governor,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1799,  in  Cav 
endish,  Vt.  He  was  governor  of  Vermont 
from  1856  to  1858;  served  in  each  branch 
of  the  legislature  of  Vermont;  and  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1864.  He  died  Dec. 
19,  1885,  in  Proctorsville,  Vt. 

FLETCHER,  THOMAS,  soldier,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature  from  Montgomery  coun 
ty  in  1803,  1805,  and  1806;  and  was  a  gen 
eral  in  the  war  of  1812.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky  in 
1816  and  1817;  and  again  a  member  of  the 
legislature  in  1817,  1820,  1821,  and  1825. 

FLETCHER,  THOMAS  CLEMENT,  sol 
dier,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1827,  in 
Jefferson  county,  Mo.  In  1865-69  he  was 
governor  of  Missouri,  and  issued  the  proc 
lamation  abolishing  slavery  in  that  state. 
FLETCHER,  WILLIAM  BALDWIN, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1837, 
in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  is  a  physician, 
and  since  1883  has  been  superintendent 
of  the  Indiana  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 
He  is  the  author  of  Cholera,  Its  Charac 
teristics,  History,  etc. 

FLETT,  FLORENCE  LILLIAN  GIL 
LETTE,  dramatist,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  3, 
1851,  near  Birmingham,  Mich.  She  is  the 
only  child  of  Mrs.  Lucia  Fidelia  Woolley 
Gillette,  an  eminent  divine  and  poet.  She 
received  a  thorough  education  in  music 
and  in  languages;  was  a  successful  teach 
er;  and  attained  success  in  the  dramatic 
profession  in  England,  the  continent  and 
the  United  States.  After  her  marriage  to 
Mr.  George  A.  Flett  of  England,  she  re 
tired  to  domestic  life.  In  conjunction 
with  her  mother  she  has  published  a  vol 
ume  entitled  Floating  Leaves. 

FLICK,  JAMES  P.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1845,  in 
Bakerstown,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  seventeenth  general  assemblyof  Iowa; 
and  served  as  district  attorney  of  the 
third  judicial  district  of  Iowa  for  six 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-sec 
ond  congress  as  a  republican. 

FLICKINGER,  DANIEL  KRUMLER, 
clergyman,  bishop,  author,  was  born  in 
1824,  in  Sevenmile,  Ohio.  He  is  a  clergy 
man  belonging  to  the  sect  of  united 
brethren,  and  since  1885  a  foreign  mis 
sionary  bishop  of  that  faith.  He  is  the 
author  of  Off-hand  Sketches  of  Men  and 
Things  in  Western  Africa;  Ethiopia;  and 
The  Church's  Marching  Orders. 

FLICKINGER,  SAMUEL  JACOB,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1848,  near  Mill- 
ville,  Ohio.  For  two  years  he  was  tele- 

graph   editor  of   the 

]  Dayton  Journal;  and 
in  1878  became  a  re 
porter  on  the  Ohio 
State  Journal  of  Co 
lumbus.  In  1884  he 
assumed  charge  of 
that  publication  as 
managing  editor, 
and  his  life  work  is 
shown  in  that  jour 
nal.  He  is  consid 
ered  an  authority  on 
Ohio  politics,  and 
renders  good  service  to  the  republican 
committees. 


368 


HERRIXGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FLIESS,  WILLIAM  MAYNARD,  cap 
italist,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1833,  in  Prussia. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  capitalists  to  open 
mines  in  Utah.  He  is  president  of  the 
California  Mining  and  Water  company; 
the  Hollywood  Distillery  company;  and 
of  the  St.  Joseph  and  Kansas  railroad. 

FLINT,  ABEL,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  6,  1765,  in  Windham,  Conn.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  of  Hart 
ford,  who  published  a  Geometry  and  Tri 
gonometry,  with  a  Treatise  on  Surveying. 
He  died  March  7,  1825,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
FLINT,  ALBERT  STOWELL,  astron 
omer,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1853,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  has  been  computer  of  the 
United  States  transit  of  Venus  commis 
sion  at  Washington,  D.  C.;  and  is  now 
assistant  astronomer  at  the  Washburn 
Observatory  of  the  university  of  Wiscon 
sin. 

FLINT,  AUSTIN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  20,  1812,  in  Petersham, 
Mass.  He  was  a  distinguished  physician 
of  New  York  city  who  held  professorships 
in  several  New  York  medical  colleges, 
and  was  the  author  of  Practice  of  Medi 
cine;  Continued  Fever;  Chronic  Pleurisy; 
Dysentery;  Physical  Explanation  and 
Diagnosis  of  Diseases  of  the  Respiratory 
Organs;  Diseases  of  the  Heart;  Essays  on 
Conservative  Medicine;  Phthisis;  Clinical 
Medicine;  Manual  of  Auscultation  and 
Percussion;  Medical  Ethics  and  Eti 
quette;  and  Medicine  of  the  Future.  He 
died  March  13,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

FLINT,  AUSTIN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  March  28,  1836,  in  Northamp 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  an  eminent  physician 
of  New  York  city,  connected  with  several 
hospitals  and  medical  colleges,  and  is  the 
author  of  Text-Book  of  Human  Physiol 
ogy;  Manual  of  Chemical  Examinations 
of  Urine  in  Disease;  Physiological  Effects 
of  Severe  and  Protracted  Muscular  Exer 
cise;  The  Source  of  Muscular  Power;  and 
Physiology  of  Man. 

FLINT,  CHARLES  LOUIS,  author,  was 
born  May  8,  1824,  in  Middleton,  Mass. 
He  was  secretary  of  the  Massachusetts 
board  of  agriculture  in  1853-81,  and  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Massachusetts  Ag 
ricultural  college.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Agriculture  of  Massachusetts;  Grass 
and  Forage  Plants;  Milch  Cows  and 
Dairy  Farming;  and  Manual  of  Agricul 
ture. 

FLINT,    CHARLES    RANLETT,    mer 
chant,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1850,  in  Thomas- 
ton,  Maine.    In  1871  he  organized  the  firm 
of     Gilchrist,     Flint 
and  Company,   ship- 
chandlers;     and     in 
1872   established  the 
x^v  pti  firm  of  W.  R.  Grace 

and  Company,  trans 
acting  a  general 
shipping  and  com 
mission  business 
with  the  west  coast 
of  South  America, 
principally  Peru.  In 
1876  he  was  appoint 
ed  consul  in  New 
York  for  the  republic  of  Chili;  and  in 
1880  he  became  president  of  the  United 
States  Electric  Lighting  company.  In 
1876  he  established  a  business  in  Peru; 
and  in  1884  established  a  large  rubber 
business  on  the  Amazon.  In  1885  he  en 
tered  the  firm  of  Flint  and  Company, 
composed  of  his  father,  Benjamin  Flint; 
and  his  brother,  Wallace  Benjamin  Flint; 
and  of  this  firm  he  is  now  senior  member. 
He  is  a  director  of  several  railroad  and 
steamship  companies,  and  of  various 
financial  insfitutions;  and  was  recently 
elected  one  of  the  council  of  the  univer 
sity  of  the  city  of  New  York. 


FLINT,  DAVIT)  BOARDMAN,  mer 
chant,  was  born  May  1,  1816,  in  Troy, 
N.  H.  He  is  the  founder  of  the  well 
known  firm  of  Flint  and  Hall,  dealers  in 
lumber.  He  built  the  Channing  Chapel 
of  Winter  Harbor,  Maine,  and  deeded  it 
to  the  American  Unitarian  association. 

FLINT,  HENRY,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1675,  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  He 
was  appointed  a  fellow  of  Harvard  col 
lege  in  1700,  and  in  1705-54  was  a  tutor 
there.  He  died  Feb.  13,  1760. 

FLINT,  HENRY  MARTYN,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  March  24,  1829,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Chi 
cago,  and  the  author  of  Life  of  Stephen  A. 
Douglas;  History  and  Statistics  of  United 
States  Railroads;  and  Mexico  Under  Max 
imilian.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1868,  in  Cam- 
den,  N.  J. 

FLINT,  JACOB,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  7,  1767,  in  Reading,  Mass.  He 
published  a  history  of  Cohasset  in  the 
Massachusetts  historical  collection,  and 
two  discourses  on  the  history  of  Cohasset. 
He  died  Oct.  11,  1835,  in  Marshfield,  Mass. 

FLINT,  JOSHUA  BARKER,  educator, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1801, 
in  Cohasset,  Mass.  He  was  a  surgeon  of 
Boston  and  subsequently  of  Louisville, 
where  he  was  professor  of  surgery  in  the 
Kentucky  school  of  medicine  from  1849 
till  his  death.  He  published  The  Practice 
of  Medicine.  He  died  March  19,  1864,  in 
Louisville,  Ky. 

FLINT,  MIC  AH  P.,  lawyer,  poet,  was 
born  in  1807,  in  Lunenburg,  Mass.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Hunter,  and  Other 
Poems.  He  died  in  3830. 

FLINT,  TIMOTHY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  11,  1780,  in  Reading,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
New  England.  His  most  important  work 
in  some  respects,  the  Geography  and  His 
tory  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  materially 
advanced  the  settlement  of  that  region. 
His  other  works  include  Recollections  of 
Ten  Years  in  the"  Valley  of  the  Missis 
sippi;  Indian  Wars  in  the  West;  Memoir 
of  Daniel  Boone;  Lectures  on  Natural 
History,  etc.  Fiction:  Francis  Berrian; 
Arthur  Clenning;  George  Mason;  and 
The  Shoshonee  Valley.  He  died  Aug.  16, 
1840,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

FLINT,  WALLACE  BENJAMIN,  ship 
ping  merchant,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1863,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In  1888  he  was  admitted  _ 
to  partnership  by  his  father  in  the  firm  of 
Flint  and  Co.,  commission  merchants,  of 
which  he  is  yet  a  member.  He  has  been 
the  consul  of  Uruguay  in  New  York. 

FLIPPIN,  MANLIUS  T.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  poet,  was  born  July  29,  1841, 
in  Monroe  county,  Ky.  After  receiving 
his  education  he 
taught  school  for 
eight  years;  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
In  1865.  He  has 
served  several  ses 
sions  as  a  repub 
lican  member  of  the 
Kentucky  state  leg 
islature.  In  1874  he 
was  elected  judge  of 
the  county  court  for 
four  years;  received 
the  re-election  in 
1878,  and  again  in  1886.  He  has  practiced 
law  with  Euccess  at  Tompkinsville,  the 
county  seat  of  his  native  county;  and  has 
held  various  positions  of  public  trust  in 
his  county  and  state.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  volume  entitled  Poems  and  Addresses, 
published  by  the  American  Publishers' 
association  of  Chicago,  111.;  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature. 


I 
I 


FLITCRAFT,  ALLEN  J.,  educator, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  May  14,  1854, 
in  Woodstown,  N.  J.  For  many  years  he 
was  engaged  in  educational  work,  and  be 
came  superintendent  of  public  schools  of 
Doylestown,  Pa.  In  1878  he  was  made 
a  special  agent  of  the  Provident  Life  and 
Trust  company,  and  traveled  in  its  inter 
ests  throughout  the  eastern  states.  He 
has  ever  since  been  identified  with  insur 
ance  business,  and  in  1888  published  a 
work  on  insurance  which  became  very 
popular;  and  subsequently  issued  a  valu 
able  work  entitled  Life  Insurance  Manual, 
which  has  run  through  many  editions; 
and  he  has  since  published  other  works 
on  insurance  lines.  He  is  the  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Life  Insurance  Courant,  one 
of  the  leading  publications  of  its  kind. 

FLOHR,  GEORGE  DANIEL,  clergy 
man,  was  born  in  1759,  in  Germany,  rie 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  synod  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  immediately  engaged 
in  missionary  service  in  southwestern 
Virginia.  He  died  in  1826,  in  Wytheville, 
Va. 

FLOOD,  HENRY  DELAWARE,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1865,  in 
Appomattox,  Va.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  schools  of 
Appomattox  and  Richmond;  and  grad 
uated  from  the  Washington  and  Lee  uni 
versity,  and  the  university  of  Virginia. 
In  1887-91  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  house  of  delegates;  and  in  1891 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  senate; 
and  subsequently  was  the  democratic 
nominee  for  congress,  but  was  defeated 
by  a  majority  of  only  forty-eight.  He 
has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  his  native  city;  and  has  served  with 
distinction  as  commonwealth  attorney  of 
his  county. 

FLOOD,  JAMES  CLAIR,  capitalist,  was 
born  in  1825,  in  Ireland.  He  made  money 
by  speculating  in  mining  stock,  and  sev 
eral  years  later  formed  a  partnership 
with  James  G.  Fair  and  John  W.  Mackay, 
who  were  then  young  miners.  Flood  and 
O'Brien  agreed  to  furnish  money  for  tools 
and  outfit,  while  Fair  and  Mackay  pros 
pected  in  the  Sierras.  The  result  was 
the  discovery  of  the  Comstock  lode, 
which  made  them  four  of  the  wealthiest 
men  in  the  world.  They  subsequently  es 
tablished  the  Nevada  bank  in  San  Fran 
cisco.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1888,  in  Germany. 

FLOOD,  THOMAS  S.,  business  man, 
congressman,  was  born  April  12,  1844,  in 
Lodi,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth 
and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republipan. 

FLOOK,  JACOB,  clergyman,  poet,  was 
born  April  18,  1855,  in  England.  He  has 
filled  pastorates  in  the  congregational 
churches  at  New  Haven,  Mich.;  Atlanta, 
Ga. ;  Cambridge,  111.;  and  Indianola,  Neb. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

FLORENCE,  ELIAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  having  taken  up  his 
residence  in  Ohio,  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1843  to  1845. 

FLORENCE,  THOMAS  BIRCH,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  26, 
1812,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  to  congress,  where  he  served  con 
tinuously  until  1861.  He  established  and 
edited,  in  Washington,  a  Sunday  paper 
called  the  Gazette.  He  died  July  3,  1875, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

FLORENCE,  WILLIAM  JERMYN,  act 
or,  was  born  July  26,  1831,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  made  his  first  appearance  in 
Richmond  in  1849,  as  Peter  in  The 
Stranger,  and  soon  acquired  distinction 
as  a  versatile  comic  actor.  He  died  Nov. 
19,  1891,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


369 


FLOURNOY,  THOMAS  STANHOPE, 
soldier,  congressman,  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1847  to  1849; 
and  participated  in  the  great  rebellion. 
He  died  March  13,  1883,  in  Pittsylvania 
county,  Va. 

FLOWER,  BENJAMIN  ORANGE,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1859,  in  Illi 
nois.  He  is  the  author  of  Civilization's 
Inferno,  or  Studies  in  the  Social  Cellar; 
Lessons  Learned  from  Other  Lives;  The 
New  Time;  Persons,  Places  and  Ideas; 
The  Century  of  Sir  Thomas  More;  and 
Gerald  Massey,  Poet,  Prophet,  and  Mys 
tic. 

FLOWER,  FRANK  ABIAL,  curator, 
author,  was  born  May  11,  1854,  in  Cottage, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  Wisconsin  statistician, 
curator  of  the  state  historical  society,  and 
the  author  of  Old  Abe,  the  Wisconsin 
War  Eagle;  Life  of  Matthew  H.  Carpen 
ter;  and  History  of  the  Republican  Party. 

FLOWER,  GEORGE,  pioneer,  was  born 
about  1780,  in  England.  He  founded  the 
city  of  Albion;  and  built  the  first  build 
ing,  of  the  log  cabin  order,  being  a  tavern 
and  blacksmith  shop  combined.  He  died 
Jan.  15,  1862,  in  Grayville,  111. 

FLOWER,  ROSWELL  PETTABONE, 
merchant,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  7, 
1835,  in  Theresa,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-seventh  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
declined  a  renomination.  He  gave  fifty 
thousand  dollars  to  the  St.  Thomas  Home 
of  New  York  city. 

FLOWERS,  SAMUEL  BRYCE,  soldier, 
physician,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1835,  in 
Wayne  county,  S.  C.  He  served  as  sur 
geon  in  the  confederate  army  during  the 
civil  war.  He  has  contributed  to  the  Phil 
adelphia  Medical  and  Surgical  Reports, 
and  to  the  Virginia  Medical  Monthly. 

FLOY,  JAMES,  clergyman,  botanist, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1806,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  methodist  clergy 
man  of  New  York  city;  prominent  as  a 
botanist  and  as  an  anti-slavery  leader, 
and  the  author  of  Guide  to  the  Orchard 
and  Fruit  Garden;  Occasional  Sermons, 
etc.;  and  Literary  Remains.  He  died 
Oct.  14,  1863,  in  New  York  city. 

FLOYD,  ARCHIBALD  CAMPBELL, 
journalist,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1857,  in 
Granville  county,  N.  C.  He  is  the  editor 
of  the  Daily  News  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

FLOYD,  CHARLES  A.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  served  in  the 
assembly  of  that  state  in  1836  and  1838; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1841  to  1843. 

FLOYD,  DAVID  RICHARD  FLOYD- 
JONES,  lawyer,  state  senator,  lieutenant- 
governor,  was  born  in  1813.  He  was  a 
member  of  assembly  for  New  York  in 
1841,  1843,  and  in  1857;  state  senator  in 
1844-47;  and  lieutenant-governor  of  New 
York  in  1863-64.  He  died  Jan.  8,  1871. 

FLOYD,  ESCAR,  lawyer,  was  born  July 
22,  1873,  in  Pittsburg.  He  received  his  ed 
ucation  in  the  common  schools,  Bellview 
academy,  and  the  university  of  Virginia. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  Birmingham,  Ala.,  where  he  takes  a 
prominent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of 
his  county  and  state. 

FLOYD,  JOHN,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  3,  1769,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 
He  was  brigadier-general  of  militia  from 
1813-14;  and  subsequently  major-general. 
He  served  several  terms  in  the  state  leg 
islature;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1827  to  1829. 
He  died  June  24,  1839,  in  Camden  county, 
Ga. 

24 


FLOYD,  JOHN,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  in  1770,  in  Jefferson  county,  Va. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1817  to  1829;  served  many 
years  in  the  legislature  of  that  state;  and 
was  governor  of  Virginia  from  1829  to 
1834.  He  died  Aug.  16,  1837,  in  Sweet 
Springs,  Va. 

FLOYD,  JOHN  B.,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  governor,  was  born  June  1,  1807,  in 
Blacksburg,  Va.  From  1847  to  1849  he 
served  in  the  Virginia  legislature;  and 
was  governor  of  Virginia  from  1849  to 
1852.  He  was  secretary  of  war  in  the  ad 
ministration  of  President  Buchanan.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  to  join  the  rebellion, 
in  which  he  took  a  leading  part  as  a  brig 
adier-general.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1863,  in 
Abingdon,  Va. 

FLOYD,  JOHN  G.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  served  in  the  as 
sembly  of  that  state;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1839  to  1843,  and'  from  1851  to  1853. 

FLOYD,  RICHARD,  colonist,  was  born 
about  1620,  in  Wales.  He  was  the  first  of 
the  Floyd  family  on  Long  Island,  and  a 
man  of  intelligence  and  vigor.  He  died 
about  1690,  in  Setauket,  N.  Y. 

FLOYD,  RICHARD,  soldier,  jurist,  was 
born  May  12,  1661,  in  Setauket,  N.  Y. 
He  was  appointed  judge  of  the  common 
pleas  in  1723,  and  was  also  colonel  of  the 
militia  of  Suffolk  county.  He  died  Feb. 
28,  1737,  in  Setauket,  N.  Y. 

FLOYD,  RICHARD,  legislator,  was 
born  Dec.  29,  1703.  He  served  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1847-49  and  1853,  and  was 
governor  of  Virginia  in  1850-53. 

FLOYD,  RICHARD,  jurist,  was  born  in 
1736.  He  was  judge  of  the  common  pleas 
in  1764,  and  colonel  of  the  militia  of  Suf 
folk  county.  He  died  June  30,  1791,  in 
New  Brunswick,  Maine. 

FLOYD,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  17,  1734,  in  Brookhaven,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1774  to  1783,  and  signed  the 
Declaration  of  Independence.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1789  to  1791;  and  was  for  three 
years  a  member  of  the  New  York  state 
senate.  He  died  Aug.  4,  1821,  in  Oneida 
county,  N.  Y. 

FLUGLER,  THOMAS  T.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  served  in  the 
assembly  of  that  state  in  1842  and  1843; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1853  to  1857. 

FLUSSER,  CHARLES  W.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1833,  in  Annapolis,  Md.  In 
1847  he  was  a  midshipman;  and  in  1861 
took  command  of  the  gunboat  Commo 
dore  Perry.  He  subsequently  took  part 
in  the  shelling  of  Franklin,  Va.  He  was 
killed  April  18,  1864,  in  a  naval  engage 
ment  near  Plymouth,  N.  C. 

FLYE,  EDWIN,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  4,  1817,  in  New 
castle,  Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives  in  1858; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Maine  to  the  forty-fourth  congress,  to  fill 
a  vacancy. 

FLYNN,  DENNIS  T.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1862,  in 
Phoenixville,  Pa.  He  removed  to  Okla 
homa  territory  in  1889,  and  was  commis 
sioned  postmaster  of  the  city  of  Guthrie, 
which  position  he  still  held  when  elected 
a  delegate  to  the  fifty-third  congress. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 


FLYNN,  PATRICK,  soldier,  business 
man,  was  born  May  11,  1834,  in  Ireland. 
In  1844  he  emigrated  to  America;  received 
his  education  in  the 
Buffalo  schools,  and 
removed  to  Rock- 
ford,  111.,  in  1859.  In 
1861-62  he  recruited 
and  raised  two  full 
companies  for  the 
nineteenth  regiment 
Illinois  volunteer  in 
fantry.  He  was  the 
original  captain  of 
the  Mulligan  guards; 
served  under  Gen 
eral  Sherman;  and 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Ezra's  Church,  near  Atlanta,  in  1854; 
and  was  promoted  to  major.  He  has 
served  as  sheriff  of  Winnebago  county, 
111.,  for  two  terms;  and  for  twenty-eight 
years  has  been  connected  with  the  Rock- 
ford  Insurance  company. 

FOBES,  PEREZ,  educator,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1752,  in  Bridge- 
water,  Mass.  He  was  the  author  of  Topo 
graphical  Description  of  Raynham,  Mass.; 
and  other  historical  works.  He  died 
Feb.  23,  1812,  in  Bridgewater,  Mass. 

FOBES,  PHILENA,  educator,  was  born 
Sept.  10,  1811,  in  Onondaga  county,  N.  Y. 
In  1843  she  was  chosen  principal  of  Mon- 
ticello  seminary,  holding  that  position 
until  1866. 

FOGG,  GEORGE  G.,  lawyer,  diplomat, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  26, 
1815,  in  Meredith,  N.  H.  In  1846  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature,  and  soon 
afterwards  secretary  of  state,  when  he 
became  editor  01  the  Independent  Demo 
crat.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  minister 
resident  to  Switzerland,  returning  :n  No 
vember,  1865;  and  in  1866  was  appointed  a 
senator  in  congress  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  Oct.  5, 
1881,  in  Concord.  N.  H. 

FOGO,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  journalist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  June  18,  1841, 
in  Columbiana  county,  Ohio.  He  served 
as  a  soldier  during  the  civil  war.  After 
the  war  he  resumed  newspaper  work,  and 
is  now  one  of  the  veteran  editors  of  Wis 
consin.  He  has  also  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Wisconsin  state  legislature. 

FOLEY,  JAMES  B.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  Having  taken  up  his 
residence  in  Indiana,  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
in  1827. 

FOLEY,  JOHN  SAMUEL,  Roman  cath 
olic  bishop,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1833,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  commissioned  by 
Archbishop  Spalding  to  establish  a  new 
congregation  in  the  western  part  of  Balti 
more,  and  built  for  it  the  church  of  St. 
Martin,  one  ot  the  finest  in  the  cl'ty,  also 
taking  an  active  interest  in  educational 
matters. 

FOLEY,  MARGARET  E.,  sculptor,  was 
born  in  New  Hampshire.  She  made  por 
trait  busts  of  S.  C.  Hall,  Charles  Sumner, 
and  Theodore  Parker.  She  executed 
cameo  work,  medallions  of  William  and 
Mary  Howitt,  Longfellow,  Bryant;  and 
ideal  statues  of  Cleopatra,  Excelsior,  and 
Jeremiah.  She  died  in  1877,  in  Austria. 

FOLEY,  STEPHEN  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
banker,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1840,  in  Logan 
county,  111.  For  nine  years  he  was  county 
judge,  and  a  resident  at  Lincoln,  which  is 
the  county  seat;  he  declined  office  there 
after,  and  has  since  operated  in  land  with 
success.  The  Lincoln  National  bank  is 
managed  by  him  as  president,  and  the 
stocks  of  local  gas  and  electric  light  com 
panies. 


370 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FOLEY,  THOMAS,  Roman  catholic 
bishop,  was  born  in  1823,  in  Baltimore, Md. 
After  1848  he  was  chancellor  of  the  arch 
diocese  of  Baltimore;  in  1867  he  was  ap 
pointed  vicar-general,  and  subsequently 
of  the  diocese  of  Chicago,  111.  He  died 
in  1879,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

FOLGER,  CHARLES  JAMES,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  April  16,  1818,  iu  Nan- 
tucket,  Mass.  In  1844  he  was  appointed 
first  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
of  Ontario  county;  and  was  elected  coun 
ty  judge  of  Ontario  county  in  18ol.  He 
was  elected  a  state  senator  in  1861,  aiid 
was  four  times  re-elected.  He  resigned 
in  1869  and  was  appointed  United  States 
assistant  treasurer  at  New  York  city.  He 
was  elected  associate  judge  of  the  state 
court  of  appeals  in  1870,  and  served  until 
1880;  was  then  chief  judge  of  that  court; 
and  resigned  in  1881  on  being  appointed 
secretary  of  the  United  States  treasury. 
He  died  Sept.  4,  1884,  in  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

FOLGER,  PETER,  author,  was  born  in 
1617,  in  England.  He  settled  successively 
at  Watertown,  Martha's  Vineyard,  and  in 
1663  at  Nantucket.  He  is  remembered  as 
the  author  of  A  Looking-Glass  for  the 
Times,  a  ballad.  He  died  in  1690,  in  Nan- 
tucket,  Mass. 

FOLGER,  WALTER,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  12,  1765,  in  Nan- 
tucket,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  senate  from  1809  to  1815, 
and  also  in  1822;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1817  to  1821.  He  died  Sept.  8,  1849. 

FOLLEN,  CHARLES  THEODORE 
CHRISTIAN,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  4,  1796,  in  Germany.  He  was  a 
German  scholar  who  came  to  America  in 
1S24.  He  was  German  instructor  at  Har 
vard  university  in  1830-34,  but  lost  his 
position  on  account  of  his  anti-slavery 
opinions,  and  in  1836  was  ordained  as  a 
Unitarian  clergyman.  He  published  a 
German  Reader;  and  Practical  German 
Grammar.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1840,  in 
Long  Island  Sound. 

FOLLEN,  MRS.  ELIZA  LEE  CABOT, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1787,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  She  was  a  popular  author  for 
many  years,  and  the  author  of  Sketches 
of  Married  Life;  Twilight  Stories,  a  vol 
ume  of  excellent  juvenile  tales.  The  Well- 
spent  Hour;  The  Skeptic;  Poems;  To 
Mothers  in  the  Free  States;  Anti-Slavery 
Hymns  and  Songs;  Home  Dramas;  Little 
Songs  for  Little  People;  and  The  Old 
Garret  Stories.  She  died  Jan.  26,  1860,  in 
Brookline,  Mass. 

FOLLETT,  DAVID  LYMAN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  July  17,  1836,  in  Sher- 
burne,  N.  Y.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court;  and  has  been 
chief  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  of  the 
state  of  New  York. 

FOLLETT,  JOHN  F.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Vt. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
Ohio  state  legisla 
ture  in  1865,  and  re- 
elected  in  1868.  In 
the  latter  year  he 
was  nominated  for 
the  speakership  by 
acclamation,  and 
was  elected.  He  re 
moved  to  Cincinnati 
the  same  year,  con 
tinuing  the  practice 
of  his  profession; 
and  in  1882  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress. 


FOLSOM,  ABBY,  reformer,  author,  was 
born  about  1792,  in  England.  She  came 
to  the  United  States  about  1837,  became 
noted  as  an  advocate  of  anti-slavery  re 
form,  and  published  a  Letter  from  a  Mem 
ber  of  the  Boston  Bar  to  an  Avaricious 
Landlord.  She  died  in  1867,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y. 

FOLSOM,  CHARLES,  scholar,  was  born 
Dec.  24,  1794,  in  Exeter,  N.  H.  He  be 
came  chaplain  in  the  United  States  navy, 
and  midshipman's  teacher  of  mathematics 
on  the  ship  Washington  in  1816.  He  was 
charge  d'affaires  in  Tunis  in  1817-19.  He 
died  Nov.  8,  1872,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

FOLSOM,  CHARLES  FOLLEN,  physi 
cian,  educator,  author,  was  born  April  3, 
1842,  in  Haverhill,  Mass.  He  is  a  phy 
sician  of  Boston,  and  a  professor  in  the 
Harvard  Medical  school  in  1877-85.  He 
is  the  author  of  Mental  Diseases;  and 
Present  Aspect  of  the  Sewage  Question 
Applied  to  Boston. 

FOLSOM,  GEORGE,  state  senator,  dip 
lomat,  author,  was  born  May  23,  1802,  in 
Kennebunk,  Maine.  He  was  an  anti 
quarian  writer  of  New  York  city;  and  in 
1844  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 
He  was  the  author  of  Sketches  of  Saco 
and  Biddeford,  Maine;  Dutch  Annals  of 
New  York;  Letters  and  Dispatches  of 
Cortes,  translated  from  the  Spanish;  and 
Political  Condition  of  Mexico.  He  died 
March  27,  1869,  in  Rome,  Italy. 

FOLSOM,  JOSEPH  L.,  soldier,  was  born 
May  19,  1817,  in  Meredith,  N.  H.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  to  appreciate  the  discov 
ery  of  gold  in  California  and  to  impart 
the  news  officially  to  the  government. 
Folsom  City,  on  the  American  river,  near 
the  locality  where  gold  was  discovered, 
was  named  for  him.  He  died  July  19, 
1855,  in  San  Jose,  Cal. 

FOLSOM,  MRS.  L.  A.,  poet,  was  born 
July  23,  1844,  in  Milford,  Maine.  She  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  poems,  and  is 
engaged  as  a  writer  for  various  news 
papers. 

FOLSOM,  MONTGOMERY  M.,  journal' 
1st,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1857,  in  Ha- 
hira,  Ga.  He  was  employed  on  the  At 
lanta  Constitution,  and  is  now  on  its  edi 
torial  staff.  In  1888  he  published  Scraps 
of  Song  and  Southern  Scenes,  a  collec 
tion  of  poems  and  sketches. 

FOLSOM,  NATHANIEL,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1726,  in  Exeter, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  brigadier-general  during 
the  siege  of  Boston  in  1775.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  in 
1774-80;  was  a  councilor  in  1778;  and  was 
president  of  the  convention  which  framed 
the  constitution  of  New  Hampshire  In 
1783.  He  died  May  26,  1790,  in  Exeter, 
N.  H. 

FOLSOM,  NATHANIEL  SMITH,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  12.  1806, 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  has  contributed 
to  current  literature,  and  published  Crit 
ical  and  Historical  Interpretation  of  the 
Prophecies  of  Daniel,  and  other  works. 

FOLSOM,  MRS.  SUSANNAH  SARAH, 
author,  poet.  She  edited  volumes  thir 
teen  and  fourteen  of  the  Child's  Friend, 
and  wrote  an  Ode  for  Ladies  Fair.  She 
also  contributed  to  Miss  A.  W.  Abbot's 
Autumn  Leaves,  and  to  Arthur  Oilman's 
The  Cambridge  of  1776. 

FOLTZ,  MRS.  CLARA  SHORTRIDGE, 
lawyer,  lecturer,  was  born  July  16,  1849, 
in  Henry  county,  Ind.  She  went  before 
the  California  legislature  of  1877-78,  and 
secured  the  passage  of  an  act  permitting 
women  to  practice"  law,  and  was  the  first 
to  take  advantage  of  It. 


FOLTZ,  JONATHAN  MESSERSMITH, 
surgeon,  was  born  April  25,  1810,  in  Lan 
caster,  Pa.  In  1870-71  he  was  president 
of  the  naval  medical  board.  He  became 
medical  director  in  1871,  and  chief  of  the 
bureau  of  medicine  and  surgery,  with  the 
rank  of  commodore.  He  died  April  12, 
1877,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FOLTZ,  SAMUEL,  merchant,  was  born 
Sept.  18,  1859,  in  Hillsdale,  Mich.  In 
1888  he  opened  branch  stores  in  Otsego 
and  Schoolcraft,  Mich.;  but  in  1892  ne 
consolidated  his  three  stores,  and  estab 
lished  the  largest  clothing  house  in  Kala- 
mazoo  county. 

FOLWELL,  WILLIAM  WATTS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1833,  in 
Romulus,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  educator  of 
Minnesota,  and  the  author  of  Public  In 
struction  in  Minnesota;  and  Lectures  on 
Political  Economy. 

FONERDEN,  JOHN,  physician,  edu 
cator,  was  born  in  1804,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  was  professor  of  obstetrics  in  Wash 
ington  university  of  Baltimore  in  1845-46; 
and  resident  physician  of  the  Maryland 
hospital  for  the  insane  from  1846  till  his 
death.  He  died  May  6,  1869,  in  New  York 
city. 

FONES,  DANIEL  GILBERT,  merchant, 
banker,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1837,  in  De- 
catur,  Ga.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  civil 
war  he  entered  the  confederate  service. 
After  the  war  h'e  resumed  business  at 
Little  Rock,  Ark.,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Fones  Brothers  Hardware  company.  He 
is  also  president  of  the  German  National 
bank. 

FONES,  JAMES  A.,  merchant,  was  born 
Nov.  6,  1839,  in  Decatur,  Ga.  He  was 
president  of  the  Little  Rock  Electric  Light 
company;  and  for  thirty  years  was  prom 
inently  connected  with  the  business  af 
fairs  of  Little  Rock. 

FONTAINE,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1814,  in  Virginia.  H& 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Missis 
sippi,  and  the  author  of  How  the  World 
Was  Peopled,  a  series  of  ethnological  lec 
tures.  He  died  in  1884. 

FONTAINE,  FRANCIS,  author.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Exile;  and  Etowah, 
a  Romance  of  the  Confederacy. 

FOOT,  SAMUEL  ALFRED,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1790,  in 
Watertown,  N.  Y.  He  was  district  at 
torney  for  Albany  county  in  1819-21.  He 
was  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  in  1851, 
and  in  1856-57  served  two  terms  in  th& 
legislature,  where  he  introduced  resolu 
tions  condemning  the  Dred  Scott  decision. 
He  died  May  11,  1878,  in  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

FOOT,  SAMUEL  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  8, 
1780,  in  Cheshire,  Conn.  He  was  chosen 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Con 
necticut  in  1819,  1823,  and  1833;  was 
speaker  of  the  Connecticut  house  of  rep 
resentatives  in  1825  and  1826;  and  was 
a  senator  in  congress  from  1827  to  1833. 
In  1834  he  was  elected  governor  of  the 
state.  He  died  Sept.  16,  1846. 

FOOT,  SOLOMON,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Nov.  19,  1802,  in  Cornwall,  Vt.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Vermont  legislature 
in  1833,  1836,  1837,  1838,  and  1847;  and  was 
speaker  of  the  house  during  his  last  three 
terms.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1843  to  1847,  and  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  from  Vermont  for 
the  term  1851-57.  He  was  re-elected  for 
the  term  ending  in  1863;  also  for  a  third 
term  ending  in  1869.  He  died  March  28, 
1866,  in  Washington. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


371 


FOOTE,  ANDREW  HULL,  naval  of 
ficer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1806,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  His  father  was  Sam 
uel  Augustus  Foote, 
known  in  United 
States  political  his 
tory  as  the  mover  of 
Foote's  resolutions. 
In  1858  he  was 
placed  in  command 
of  the  Brooklyn 
navy  yard;  in  1862 
was  made  rear  ad 
miral;  and  received 
the  surrender  of  Is 
land  No.  10.  He  was 
the  author  of  Africa 
and  the  American  Flag.  He  died  June  6, 
1863,  in  New  York  city. 

FOOTE,  ARTHUR  WILLIAM,  musi 
cian,  was  born  March  5,  1853,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  His  published  works  include  about 
twenty  compositions  for  the  piano-forte, 
songs,  vocal  quartettes,  three  pieces  for 
violoncello  and  piano-forte,  three  pieces 
for  violin  and  piano-forte,  a  string  quar 
tette,  a  trio  for  piano-forte,  violin  and 
violoncello. 

FOOTE,  CHARLES  A.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1823  to  1825.  He  died  Aug.  1,  1828, 
in  Delaware  county. 

FOOTE,  EDWARD  BLISS,  physician, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1829, 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  his  practice  he 
has  made  a  specialty  of  chronic  diseases. 
He  is  editor  of  Dr.  Foote's  Health  Month 
ly;  and  is  the  author  of  Medical  Common 
Sense;  and  Science  in  Story. 

FOOTE,  EDWARD  BOND,  physician, 
inventor,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  15,  1854,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  in 
vented  and  patented  a  wonder  camera, 
which  has  become  widely  known  under 
the  name  of  polyopticon. 

FOOTE,  ELIAL  TODD,  physician,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  May  1,  1796,  in 
Gill,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  legislature  in  1820  and  in  1826- 
27;  associate  judge  of  common  pleas  In 
1818-23,  and  in  the  latter  year  became 
first  judge  of  Chautauqua  county,  holding 
the  office  till  1843,  when  he  retired.  He 
died  Nov.  17,  1877,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

FOOTE,  ELISHA,  lawyer,  jurist,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1809,  in  Lee, 
Mass.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  to  the 
board  of  appeals  at  the  United  States 
patent  office,  and  in  1868-69  was  com 
missioner.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1883,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

FOOTE,  GEORGE  ANDERSON,  phy 
sician,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1835,  in  Warren 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  surgeon  in  the 
confederate  army  during  the  civil  war. 

FOOTE,  HENRY  STUART,  lawyer, 
statesman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  20, 
1800,  in  Fauquier  county,  Va.  In  1847  he 
was  elected  from  Mississippi  a  senator  in 
congress,  where  he  remained  until  1852; 
and  was  elected  governor  of  Mississippi 
in  1852.  He  was  the  author  of  Texas  and 
the  Texans;  The  War  of  the  Rebellion, 
or  Scylla  and  Charybdis;  Bench  and  Bar 
of  the  South  and  Southwest;  and  Personal 
Reminiscences.  He  died  May  20,  1880,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

FOOTE,  HENRY  WILDER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  June  2,  1838,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Boston,  minister  of  King's  Chapel  from 
1861  till  his  death;  and  the  author  of 
Annals  of  King's  Chapel;  Thy  Kingdom 
Come,  ten  sermons  on  the  Lord's  prayer; 
and  The  Insight  of  Faith. 


FOOTE,  JOHN  HOWARD,  musical  ex 
pert,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1833,  in 
Canton,  Conn.  In  1863  he  established  the 
firm  of  John  H.  Foote  and  Company,  im 
porters  of  musical  instruments;  in  which 
business  he  has  attained  success. 

FOOTE,  JOHN  JOHNSON,  druggist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1816,  in 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.  He  engaged  in  the  drug 
business  in  Hamilton;  and  in  1857  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  the  state  of  New 
York.  In  1865  he  moved  to  Belvidere,  111. 

FOOTE,  LUCIUS  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
diplomat,  was  born  April  10,  1826,  in 
Winfield,  N.  Y.  He  was  judge  of  the  mu 
nicipal  court  of  Sacramento,  Cal.,  from 
1854  to  1860;  and  in  1861  was  appointed 
collector  of  the  port  of  Sacramento.  He 
was  adjutant-general  of  the  state  from 
1872  to  1876;  was  appointed  United  States 
consul  at  Valparaiso,  Chili,  in  1879;  and 
was  acting  charge  d'affaires  to  Chili  in 
1882.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  envoy 
extraordinary  and  minister  plenipotenti 
ary  of  the  United  States  to  Corea. 

FOOTE,  MRS.  MARY  HALLOCK,  ar 
tist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1847,  in 
Milton,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of  The 
Led  Horse  Claim,  a  Romance  of  a  Mining 
Camp;  In  Exile,  and  Other  Stories;  John 
Bodewin's  Testimony;  The  Chosen  Val 
ley;  Cffiur  d'Alene;  The  Last  Assembly 
Ball;  and  The  Cup  of  Trembling,  and 
Other  Stories. 

FOOTE,  THOMAS  MOSES,  journalist, 
diplomat,  was  born  in  1809,  in  Clinton, 
N.  Y.  In  1849  he  was  appointed  charge 
d'affaires  to  New  Grenada;  and  in  1852 
was  appointed  to  the  same  position  near 
the  government  of  Austria.  He  died  Feb. 
20,  1858,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

FOOTE,  WALLACE  TURNER,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  7,  1864,  in 
Port  Henry,  N.  Y.  He  is  now  at  the  head 
of  the  firm  of  Foote,  Stokes  and  Owen, 
doing  a  general  law  business  at  that 
place.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

FOOTE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20, 
1794,  in  Colchester,  Conn.  He  was  a 
presbyterian  clergyman  and  educator  of 
West  Virginia,  and  the  author  of  Sketches 
of  North  Carolina;  Sketches  of  the  Pres 
byterian  Church  in  Virginia;  The  Hugue 
nots,  or  Reformed  French  Church;  and 
Sketches  of  Virginia.  He  died  Nov.  18, 
1869,  in  Romney,  W.  Va. 

FORAKER,  JOSEPH  BENSON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  July  5,  1846,  near  Rainsboro, 
Highland  county, 
Ohio.  He  enlisted 
July  14,  1862,  as  a 
private  in  company 
A,  eighty-ninth  reg 
iment  Ohio  volun 
teer  infantry,  with 
which  organization 
he  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war,  at 
which  time  he  held 
the  rank  of  first 
lieutenant  and  brev 
et  captain.  He  was 
elected  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
Cincinnati  in  April,  1879;  resigned  on  ac 
count  of  ill-health  in  1882.  He  was  the 
republican  candidate  for  governor  of  Ohio 
in  1883,  but  was  defeated;  and  was  elected 
to  that  office  in  1885,  and  re-elected  in 
1887.  He  was  again  nominated  for  gov 
ernor  and  defeated  in  1889;  and  was  elect 
ed  United  States  senator  and  took  his 
seat  March  4,  1897. 


FORAN,  MARTIN  AMBROSE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  11,  1844,  in  Susquehanna  county,  Pa. 
He  was  city  prosecutor  of  Cleveland  from 
1875  to  1877;  was  an  unsuccessful  candi 
date  for  police  judge  in  1881;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

FORBES,  CHARLES  EDWIN,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1795,  in 
Bridgewater,  Mass.  He  attained  a  na 
tional  prominence  as  a  philanthropist. 
He  died  Feb.  13,  1881,  in  Northampton, 
Mass. 

FORBES,  EDWIN,  artist,  was  born  in 
1839,  in  New  York  city.  Since  1878  he 
has  devoted  himself  to  landscape  and 
cattle  pictures.  His  later  works  are  Early 
Morning  in  an  Orange  County  Pasture; 
Roughing;  On  the  Meadows;  and  Even 
ing  in  the  Sheep  Pasture. 

FORBES,  ELI,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
October,  1726,  in  Westborough,  Mass.  In 
1758-59  he  twice  acted  as  chaplain  of  a 
provincial  regiment,  and  in  1762  conduct 
ed  a  successful  mission  to  the  Oneida  In 
dians,  among  whom  he  established  a 
church  and  two  schools.  He  died  Dec. 
15, 1804,  in  Gloucester,  Mass. 

FORBES,  MRS.  HARRIETTS  (MER- 
RIFIELD),  author,  was  born  in  1856,  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  a  writer  of  West- 
borough,  Mass.,  and  the  author  of  The 
Hundredth  Town,  a  series  of  historical 
sketches  of  Westborough;  and  A  Lily 
Stalk,  studies  of  child  life. 

FORBES,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1778  to  1780. 

FORBES,  JOHN,  librarian,  was  born  in 
1771,  in  Scotland.  He  was  librarian  of 
the  New  York  society  library,  being 
prominent  during  that  time  among  liter 
ary  men  in  New  York  city.  He  died  Oct. 
4,  1824,  in  New  York. 

FORBES,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  June  13,  1853, 
in  Middlesex,  N.  Y.  He  was  professor  of 
Greek  and  Latin  in  the  state  normal 
school  at  Brockway,  N.  Y.,  which  position 
he  resigned  in  1885  to  accept  the  presi 
dency  of  the  recently  established  De  Land 
academy,  subsequently  John  B.  Stetson 
university,  of  De  Land,  Fla. 

FORBES,  JOHN  MURRAY,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  1806.  In  1869  he  was  elected 
dean  of  the  General  Theological  semina 
ry,  resigning  from  that  office  in  1872.  He 
died  in  1885  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

FORBES,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  lectur 
er,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1844,  in  Canada.  He 
is  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  method- 
ist  episcopal  church,  and  now  fills  a  pas 
torate  in  Duluth,  Minn.  He  has  been  a 
presiding  elder;  chaplain  of  the  Minneso 
ta  senate;  and  orator  and  grand  chaplain 
of  the  grand  lodge  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M. 
He  is  a  brilliant  public  lecturer,  and  has 
contributed  extensively  to  current  litera 
ture. 

FORBES,  ROBERT  BENNET,  mer 
chant,  author,  was  born  in  1804,  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  was  a  sea  captain,  and 
subsequently  a  Boston  merchant.  He  was 
the  author  of  China  and  the  China  Trade; 
Construction  of  Ships  for  the  Merchant 
Service;  Life  Boats,  Projectiles,  and  Oth 
er  Means  for  Saving  Life;  Seamen  Past 
and  Present;  Rambling  Reminiscences; 
and  Notes  on  Some  Few  Wrecks  and  Res 
cues. 

FORBES,  SAMUEL  FRANKLIN,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  June  8,  1829,  in 
Canton,  Conn.  In  1886  he  was  mayor  of 
Toledo,  Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
medical  works. 


372 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FORBES,  STEPHEN  ALFRED,  natur 
alist,  author,  was  born  May  2tf,  1844,  in 
Silver  Creek,  111.  He  is  a  professor  of 
zoology  in  the  university  of  Illinois  and 
state  entomologist,  and  the  author  of  Stu 
dies  of  the  Food  of  Birds,  Fishes,  and  In 
sects;  and  Contagious  Diseases  of  In 
sects. 

FORCE,   MANNING   FERGUSON,    sol 
dier,   jurist,    author,   was   born    Dec.     17, 
1824,   in  Washington,   D.   C.     In  1845   he 
graduated  from  Har- 
!&•••••         vard;       and       three 
i    years      later      from 
t    the    law    school     of 
fa  •  _  I   that  institution.     In 

'  JtH  <CN  I  1S61  he  was  appoint- 
I  ed  major  of  the 
I  twentieth  Ohio  regi- 
ment,  promoted  to 
I  lieutenant  -  colonel, 
and  was  engaged  at 
Fort  Donelson  and 
•Shiloh.  He  was 
then  made  colonel, 
took  part  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and 
was  made  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 
He  was  with  Sherman  on  his  march  to 
Meridian  in  his  Atlanta  campaign,  his 
march  to  the  sea,  and  across  the  Caroli- 
nas;  and  brevetted  major-general  of  vol 
unteers  in  1865.  During  1867-77  he  was 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of 
Hamilton  county,  Ohio;  and  from  that 
time  till  1887  was  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Cincinnati.  In  1888  he  was  ap 
pointed  commandant  of  the  Ohio  Soldiers' 
and  Sailors'  home,  which  position  he  still 
holds.  He  is  the  author  of  From  Fort 
Henry  to  Corinth;  Marching  Across  Caro 
lina;  The  Mound  Builders;  Prehistoric 
Man;  and  Recollections  of  the  Vicksburg 
Campaign. 

FORCE,  PETER,  journalist,  historian, 
was  born  Nov.  26,  1790,  near  Little  Fails, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  journalist  and  historian  of 
Washington  who  began  in  1833  a  docu 
mentary  history  of  the  American  colonies. 
Thirty  years'  labor  was  spent  upon  the 
task,  and  nine  volumes  completed,  enti 
tled  American  Archives.  His  other  works 
include  Tracts  and  Other  Papers  relating 
to  the  Origin  of  the  North  American  Col 
onies;  and  Grinnell  Land.  His  immense 
and  valuable  library  was  purchased  by 
congress  In  1867.  He  died  Jan.  23,  1868, 
In  Washington,  D.  C. 

FORCE,  WILLIAM  QUEREAU.  meteor 
ologist,  author,  was  born  March  7,  1820, 
in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  a  meteor 
ologist  of  Washington  who  assisted  his 
father  in  preparing  American  Archives, 
and  published  Builder's  Guide;  and  The 
Picture  of  Washington.  He  died  Dec.  15, 
1880,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

FORD,  CORYDON  LA,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1813,  in  Lexing 
ton,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  physician  of  note  who 
has  held  several  medical  professorships, 
and  since  1886  has  been  professor  emer 
itus  in  the  Long  Island  College  hospital. 
He  Is  the  author  of  Questions  on  Anato 
my,  etc.;  Questions  on  the  Structure  and 
Development  of  the  Human  Teeth;  and 
Syllabus  of  Lectures  on  Odontology,  Hu 
man  and  Comparative. 

FORD,  DANIEL  ROBERTS,  clergyman, 
was  born  June  8,  1836,  in  North  Berwick, 
Maine.  He  has  filled  various  positions  in 
mercantile  and  manufacturing  business 
es;  and  has  attained  success  as  a  clergy 
man  In  his  native  state. 

FORD,  DANIEL  S.,  journalist,  was 
born  April  15,  1822.  in  Cambridgeport, 
Mass.  He  purchased  from  N.  P.  Willis 
The  Youth's  Companion,  and  has  now  for 
thirty-five  years,  under  the  business  nom 
de  plume  of  Perry  Mason  and  Co.,  edited 
and  published  that  paper. 


FORD,  EDWARD  LLOYD,  publisher, 
was  born  March  10,  1845,  in  England.  In 
1867  he  became  a  partner  in  the  newly 
established  publishing  house  of  J.  B.  B'ord 
and  Co.,  and  contributed  largely  to  the 
success  of  the  Christian  Union.  He  died 
Dec.  16,  1880,  in  Morristown,  N.  J. 

FORD,  MRS.  EMILY"  ELLSWORTH 
(FOWLER),  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug. 
26,  1826,  in  Greenfield,  Mass.  She  is  a 
Brooklyn  writer  who  has  published  My 
Recollections,  a  volume  of  poetry. 

FORD,  GABRIEL  HOGARTH,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1765,  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.  He  became  presiding  judge  of 
tne  court  of  common  pleas  for  the  eastern 
district  of  New  Jersey;  and  in  1820-40  was 
a  justice  of  the  supreme  court.  He  died 
Aug.  27,  1849,  in  Morristown,  N.  J. 

FORD,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  11,  1846,  in  South  Bend, 
Ind.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney  in 
South  Bend  from  1875  until  1885,  when 
he  resigned,  having  been  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Indiana  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

FORD,  GORDON  LESTER,  lawyer, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1823, 
in  Lebanon,  Conn.  From  1873  till  1881 
he  was  the  business  manager  of  the  New 
York  Tribune;  and  in  188b  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Brooklyn,  Flatbush  and  Coney 
Island  railroad.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1891,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

FORD,  JAMES,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  served  two  years  in 
the  Pennsylvania  legislature,  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1829  to  1833.  He  died  in  Aug 
ust,  1850,  in  Lawrence,  Pa. 

FORD,  JAMES  LAUREN,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1854,  in  Missouri.  He 
is  a  journalist  and  litterateur  of  New 
York  city,  and  the  author  of  Dr.  Dodd's 
School;  The  Third  Alarm,  are  tales  for 
juvenile  readers.  Other  works  of  his  are 
Hypnotic  Tales;  The  Literary  Shop;  Bo 
hemia  Invaded;  and  Dolly  Dillenback. 

FORD,  JASON  P.,  educator,  jurist,  was 
born  Jan.  19,  1855,  in  Marion  county,  Ala. 
He  has  filled  various  public  positions  of 
trust;  and  is  now  judge  of  probate  court 
of  his  native  county. 

FORD,  JOHN  S.,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  May  26,  1815,  in  Greenville,  S. 
C.  In  1844  he  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Texas;  and  in  1850  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate.  He  served 
through  the  civil  war  and  attained  the 
rank  of  colonel. 

FORD,  JOHN  THOMSON,  theatrical 
manager,  was  born  April  16,  1829,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.  He  has  been  a  state  director 
of  the  Maryland  penitentiary  for  eighteen 
years,  and  is  active  in  philanthropic  work 
in  Baltimore. 

FORD,  JOSHUA  EDWARDS,  mission 
ary,  author,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1825,  in  Og- 
densburg,  N.  Y.  He  edited  several  books 
in  the  Arabic  language,  and  wrote  a  work 
in  that  tongue,  entitled  Fasting  and  Pray 
er.  He  died  April  3,  1866,  in  Geneseo, 
N.  Y. 

FORD,  MELBOURNE  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  30,  1849,  in  Sa 
line,  Mich.  He  has  been  official  stenog 
rapher  of  several  Michigan  courts  since 
1874;  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan  leg 
islature  in  1885-86,  and  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

FORD,  NICHOLAS,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  emi 
grated  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Missou 
ri  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh 
congresses. 


FORD,  PAUL  LEICESTER,  author,  was 
born  March  23,  1865,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  y. 
He  is  a  resident  of  Brooklyn;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Bibliotheca  Hamiltonia;  Franklin 
Bibliography;  The  Honorable  Peter  Stir 
ling,  a  novel  of  New  York  society;  and 
The  True  George  Washington. 

FORD,  MRS.  SALLIE  ROCHESTER, 
author,  was  born  in  1828  in  Rochester 
Springs,  Ky.  She  is  a  St.  Louis  writer 
whose  early  writings  were  very  popular, 
Grace  Truman,  her  first  book,  having  an 
extensive  sale.  Other  works  of  hers  are: 
Romance  of  Freemasonry;  Raids  and  Ro 
mance  of  Morgan  and  His  Men;  Mary 
Bunyan,  the  Dreamer's  Blind  Daughter; 
Evangel  Wiseman;  and  Ernest  Quest. 

FORD,  SAMUEL  HOWARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1823,  in  Missou 
ri.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Mem 
phis,  Mobile  and  elsewhere,  living  in  re 
tirement  in  St.  Louis  since  1887.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Origin  of  the  Baptists; 
and  Servetus,  Hero  and  Martyr. 

FORD,  SEABURY,  state  legislator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1801,  in  Pomfret, 
Conn.  He  served  several  terms  in  the 
state  legislature,  and  was  at  different 
times  speaker  in  each  branch.  He  was 
governor  of  Ohio  in  1848  and  1850;  and 
major-general  of  militia.  He  died  May  8, 
1855,  in  Burton,  Ohio. 

FORD,  SMITH  THOMAS,  clergyman, 
was  born  Feb.  3,  1851,  in  Camden,  N.  Y. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  numerous  bap 
tist  churches  in  Hamilton,  Greene,  Alba 
ny,  and  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

FORD,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  governor,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1804.  He  was  a  judge 
of  the  superior  court  of  Illinois;  and  was 
the  author  of  a  History  of  Illinois  from 
1818  to  1847.  He  was  governor  of  the 
state  from  1842  to  1846.  He  died  in  Jan 
uary,  1851,  In  Peoria,  111. 

FORD,  TIMOTHY,  lawyer,  was  born 
Dec.  4,  1762,  in  Morristown,  N.  J.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature  and  the 
Charleston  city  council;  a  trustee  of 
Charleston  college,  and  president  of  va 
rious  literary  societies.  He  died  Dec.  7, 
1830. 

FORD,  WILLIAM  D.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  served  in 
the  New  York  assembly  in  1816  and  1817, 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1819  to  1821. 

FORD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  7.  1839,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  surgeon, 
and  twice  president  of  the  municipal 
board  of  health.  He  has  published 
Healthy  Dwelling-Houses  and  How  to 
Build  Them. 

FORD,  WORTHINGTON  CHAUNCEY, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1858,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  government  statisti 
cian  at  Washington,  and  the  author  of 
American  Citizens'  Manual;  and  The 
Standard  Silver  Dollar. 

FORDYCE,  SAMUEL  WESLEY,  sol 
dier,  financier,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1840,  in 
Guernsey  county,  Ohio.  He  was  a  pri 
vate  In  the  civil  war,  and  steadily  rose 
to  a  captaincy  of  cavalry.  At  the  close 
of  the  war  he  established  the  banking 
house  of  Fordyce  and  Rison  of  Hunts- 
ville,  Ala.;  and  is  the  president  of  the  St. 
Louis  Southwestern  Railway  company. 

FOREPAUGH,  JOSEPH  LYBRANDT, 
merchant,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1834,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1865,  with  Mr.  Justice,  he 
established  the  firm  of  J.  L.  Forepaugh 
and  Co.  of  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  the  first  ex 
clusively  wholesale  dry  goods  house  in 
that  state. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


373 


FORESMAN,  JOHN  OAKES,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  May  18,  1835,  In  Ly- 
coming  county,  Pa.  After  receiving  uis 
education  at  the  Western  Reserve  college 
of  Ohio  he  entered  into  educational  work. 
In  1858  he  became  a  teacher  in  the  Dela 
ware  Indian  Mission  school,  and  in  1860 
a  missionary  in  the  Rocky  mountains.  He 
is  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  method- 
ist  episcopal  church  of  Horton,  Kan. 

FOREST,  JOHN  ANTHONY,  clergy 
man,  bishop,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1838,  in 
France.  He  was  pastor  for  thirty-three 
years  at  Halletsville,  Tex.;  and  in  1895 
was  consecrated  catholic  bishop  of  San 
Antonio. 

FORESTER,  JOHN  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1833  to  1837.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1845. 

FORKER,  SAMUEL  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  March  16,  1821,  in  Mount  Holly, 
N.  J.  He  was  cashier  of  the  Bordeutown 
Banking  company;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress. 

FORMAN,  DAVID,  soldier,  jurist,  was 
born  near  Englishtown,  N.  J.  He  com 
manded  the  New  Jersey  militia  at  Ger- 
mantown.  After  the  war  he  was  a  judge 
of  the  county  court,  and  a  member  of  the 
council  of  state.  He  died  about  1812. 

FORMAN,  EMILY  SHAW,  author,  poet. 
She  is  the  vice-president  of  the  Boston 
Browning  club;  and  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  illustrated  by  Fidelia 
Bridges. 

FORMAN,  GEORGE  W.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1820,  in  Nelson 
county,  Ky.  In  1869  he  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  deputy  internal  revenue  col 
lector  for  the  fourth  Kentucky  district, 
and  in  1873  accepted  the  additional  duties 
of  assessor. 

FORMAN,  JOSHUA,  manufacturer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1777,  in  Pleas 
ant  Valley,  N.  Y.  In  1807  he  was  elected 
to  the  New  York  legislature;  and  in  1808 
founded  the  celebrated  Plaster  company 
of  Camillus.  He  was  the  founder  of  the 
city  of  Syracuse.  He  died  Aug.  4,  1848,  iu 
Rutherfordton,  N.  C. 

FORMAN,  WILLIAM  S.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  20, 
1847,  in  Natchez,  Miss.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate,  thirty-fourth  and 
thirty-fifth  general  assemblies;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second 
congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

FORNANCE,  JOSEPH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1839  to  1841. 

FORNEY,  DANIEL  M.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  May,  1784,  in  Lin 
coln  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  North  Carolina 
from  1815  to  1818,  and  in  1820  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  to  treat  with  the 
Creek  Indians.  From  1823  to  1826  he  was 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature.  He 
died  in  October,  1847,  in  Lowndes  county, 
Ala. 

FORNEY,  JOHN  WEISS,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1817,  in  Lan 
caster,  Pa.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Phila 
delphia  and  Washington  of  prominence, 
and  a  politician,  and  secretary  of  the 
United  States  senate  in  1861-68.  He  was 
the  author  of  Life  of  General  Hancock; 
Anecdotes  of  Public  Men;  The  New  No 
bility,  a  story  of  England  and  America; 
What  I  Saw  in  Texas;  A  Centennial  Com 
missioner  in  Europe;  Letters  from 
Europe;  and  Forty  Years  of  American 
Journalism.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1881,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 


FORNEY,  PETER,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  April,  1756,  in  Lincoln 
county,  N.  C.  He  served  as  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  for  several  years; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  North  Carolina  from  1813  to  1815. 
He  died  Feb.  1,  1834,  in  Lincoln  county, 
N.  C. 

FORNEY,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  9, 
1823,  in  Lincolnton,  N.  C.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army  during  the  rebel 
lion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  In  1865  he  was  elected  a  state 
senator.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Alabama  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh, 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first  and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

FORREST,  EDWIN,  actor,  was  born 
March  9,  1806,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  one  of  the  most  successful  of  Ameri 
can  actors.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1872,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

FORREST,  FRENCH,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1796,  in  Maryland.  At  the  begin 
ning  of  the  civil  war,  when  Virginia  se 
ceded,  he  joined  the  confederates,  and 
was  given  the  command  of  the  navy.  He 
died  Dec.  22,  1866,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

FORREST,  HERBERT  ARTHUR,  law 
yer,  was  born  March  10,  1860,  in  Colling- 
wood,  Ontario,  Canada.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  schools  of  Michigan,  and 
has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Saginaw.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  state  board  of  corrections  and 
charities;  in  1892  he  was  lay  delegate  to 
the  general  conference  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church;  and  has  filled  various 
positions  of  honor  connected  with  edu 
cational  and  religious  institutions. 

FORREST,  THOMAS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1819  to  1821,  and  again  from  1822  to 
1823,  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  March  20, 
1825. 

FORREST,  URIAH,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1756,  in  St.  Mary's 
county,  Md.  He  was  a  general  in  the  rev 
olutionary  war.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  continental  congress  from  1786  to 
1787;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland  during  the  years 
1793  and  1794,  and  resigned.  He  died  in 
April,  1805,  near  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

FORRY,  SAMUEL,  physician,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  June  23,  1811,  in  Berlin, 
Pa.  He  was  a  physician  and  surgeon  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  The  Cli 
mate  of  the  United  States  and  its  Endemic 
Influences;  and  Meteorology.  He  died 
Nov.  8,  1844. 

FORSHEY,  CALEB  GOLDSMITH,  en 
gineer,  was  born  July  18,  1812,  in  Somer 
set  county,  Pa.  In  1855  he  established  the 
Texas  military  institute  and  conducted  it 
till  1861,  when,  though  opposed  to  seces 
sion,  he  entered  the  confederate  service 
as  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  engineers.  He 
died  July  25,  1881,  in  Carrollton,  La. 

FORSHEY,  JOHN  ARAD,  soldier, 
stock-raiser,  legislator,  was  born  July  7, 
1845,  in  Danville,  Mo.  He  received  a 
thorough  education,  and  attended  the 
Texas  State  Military  institute.  He  served 
through  the  civil  war  in  the  confederate 
army  under  General  Sterling  Price,  and 
held  a  captain's  commission  at  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  then  drifted  west,  and 
in  1870  settled  in  Wyoming.  He  has  filled 
numerous  public  offices  of  trust,  and  is 
now  a  member  of  the  fourth  legislature 


of  Wyoming.  He  is  also  a  successful 
rancnman  and  stock-grower  of  Uinta 
county,  Wyo. 

FORSTER,  WILLIAM,  missionary,  was 
born  in  1784,  in  England.  In  1803  he  be 
came  a  minister  of  the  society  of  Friends, 
and  thenceforth  his  life  was  devoted  to 
missionary  and  benevolent  labors 
throughout  the  British  Isles,  the  conti 
nent  of  Europe,  and  the  United  States.  He 
died  in  1854,  in  Knox  county,  Tenn. 

FORSYTH,  ALEXANDER,  business 
man,  state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  16, 
1860,  in  Adelaide,  Canada.  Since  1876  he 
has  been  engaged  principally  in  educa 
tional  work  and  the  fire  insurance  and 
banking  business  at  Standish,  Mich.  In 
1897-98  he  served  as  a  member  of  tne 
Michigan  state  senate. 

FORSYTH,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  Stokes  county,  N. 
C.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
North  Carolina  in  1807-8.  He  commanded 
in  the  successful  assault  on  Gananoque, 
Upper  Canada,  in  1812,  and  also  at  the 
capture  of  the  British  guard  at  Elizabeth- 
town,  Canada,  iu  1813.  He  died  June  28, 
1814,  in  Oldtown,  N.  Y. 

FORSYTH,  JAMES  W.,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1835,  in  Ohio.  He  served  in 
the  civil  war  and  was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers  in  1864;  colo 
nel  in  the  regular  army  in  1865;  and  brig 
adier-general  for  services  during  the  war. 

FORSYTH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  statesman, 
was  born  Oct.  22,  1780,  in  Fredericksburg, 
Va.  He  was  attorney-general  of  the  state; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Georgia  from  1813  to  1818,  and  from  1823 
to  1827.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress 
during  the  years  1818  and  1819,  and  from 
1829  to  1837.  He  was  governor  of  Georgia 
in  1827,  1828,  and  1829;  minister  to  Spain 
from  1819  to  1822;  and  was  secretary  of 
state  under  President  Jackson.  He  died 
Oct.  21,  1841,  in  Washington  City. 

FORSYTHE,  ALBERT  P.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  24,  1830,  in  New 
Richmond,  Ohio.  He  was  a  first  lieutenant 
in  the  union  army  during  the  war  of  the 
rebellion.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-sixth  con 
gress. 

FORSYTHE,  JOHN  AULD,  soldier, 
journalist,  meteorologist,  was  born  July 
10,  1834,  in  Zanesville,  Ohio.  He  received 
a  liberal  education,  and  his  early  years 
were  devoted  to  educational  work  and  lit 
erature.  His  military  service  began  with 
the  march  of  the  army  of  the  invasion  to 
Utah  in  1857.  He  served  as  a  union  sol 
dier  during  the  civil  war;  and  was  pro 
moted  to  lieutenant  of  artillery  and  aide- 
de-camp.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  en 
tered  journalism,  and  is  now  the  editor 
and  owner  of  The  Democrat  of  Seymour, 
Ind.  He  is  a  practical  meteorologist;  the 
observer  for  the  weather  bureau  at  Sey 
mour,  Ind.;  and  is  the  inventor  of  a  code 
of  steam  whistle  signals  for  the  more 
general  dissemination  of  the  weather 
forecast. 

FORT,  GEORGE  FRANKLIN,  gover 
nor,  author,  was  born  in  May,  1809,  in 
Pemberton,  N.  J.  He  was  a  governor  of 
New  Jersey  in  1850-54,  and  the  author  of 
Early  History  and  Antiquities  of  Freema 
sonry.  He  died  April  22,  1872,  in  New 
Egypt,  N.  J. 

FORT,  GREENBERRY  LAFAYETTE, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  11,  1825,  in  Sciota  county,  Ohio. 
In  1834  he  moved  to  Illinois.  In  1866  he 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third,  forty-fourth, 
forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses  as  a 
republican.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1883,  in  La- 
con,  111. 


374 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FORT,  JAMES  MADISON,  journalist, 
lawyer,  was  born  July  1,  1846,  near  Lacon, 
111.  Since  1869  he  has  practiced  law  in 
Minonk,  111.;  and  has  been  city  attorney 
for  a  number  of  terms.  For  nearly  twen 
ty  years  he  has  been  editor  and  owner  of 
the  Minonk  Blade  and  other  newspapers. 

FORT,  TOMLINSON,  physician,  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  July  11,  1787, 
in  Warren  county,  Ga.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Georgia  from 
1827  to  1829;  and  was  at  one  time  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature  of  Georgia.  He  was 
president  of  the  Central  bank  of  Georgia 
from  1832  until  his  death.  He  died  May 
11,  1859,  in  Milledgeville,  Ga. 

FORTIER,  ALCEE,  educator,  author, 
was  born  June  5,  1856,  in  St.  James,  La. 
He  was  an  educator  of  Louisiana,  pro 
fessor  in  Tulane  university,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Le  Chateau  de  Chambord;  Gabriel 
d'Ennerich,  an  historical  novelette;  Bits 
of  Louisiana  Folk-Lore;  Sept  Grands  Au- 
teurs  de  XIX  Siecle;  Historie  de  la 
LittSrature  Francaise;  Louisiana  Studies; 
and  Louisiana  Folk  Tales.  He  has  also 
annotated  college  editions  of  several 
French  texts. 

FORWARD,  CHAUNCEY,  physician, 
clergyman,  congressman,  was  born  at  Old 
Granby,  Conn.  He  was  frequently  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legislature,  serving  in  both 
houses.  In  1825  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  for  an  unexpired 
term,  and  was  twice  re-elected,  serving 
until  1831.  He  died  in  October,  1839,  in 
Somerset,  Pa. 

FORWARD,  WALTER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1786,  in  Con 
necticut.  He  was  elected  to  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  as  a  representative,  where 
he  continued  till  1825.  In  1841  he  was 
appointed  first  comptroller  of  the  treas 
ury,  which  post  he  held  until  appointed, 
by  President  Tyler,  secretary  of  the  treas 
ury.  He  was  president  judge  of  the  dis 
trict  court  of  Allegheny  county  for  many 
years.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1852,  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa. 

FORWOOD,  WILLIAM  STUMP,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1830,  in 
Darlington,  Md.  He  is  a  physician  of 
Darlington,  Md.,  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  and  Descriptive  Account  of  Mam 
moth  Cave,  with  Full  Scientific  Details  of 
the  Eyeless  Fishes. 

FOSDICK,  CHARLES  AUSTIN,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1844,  in  Randolph, 
N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  in  Buf 
falo,  N.  Y.,  and  graduated  from  the  Cen 
tral  high  school  of  that  city.  He  left 
school  to  enter  the  navy,  and  held  all  the 
positions  there  from  landsman  to  receiver 
and  superintendent  of  coal  for  the  Mis 
sissippi  squadron.  He  has  attained  a 
national  reputation  as  a  juvenile  writer, 
and  under  the  nom  de  plume  of  Harry 
Castlemon  has  published  The  Gunboat 
Series;  Rocky  Mountain  Series;  Rough 
ing  It  Series;  and  The  Steel  Horse,  or  the 
Rambles  of  a  Bicycle,  which  are  but  a 
few  of  the  whole  number. 

FOSDICK,  NICOLL,  public  official,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1785,  in  New 
London,  Conn.  In  1818  he  was  a  member 
of  the  legislature  of  New  York;  again  in 
1819,  and  declined  a  re-election.  He  was 
a  representative  from  New  York  in  the 
nineteenth  congress.  He  reiurned  to  his 
native  place  in  1843;  and  from  1849  to 
1853  was  collector  of  customs  for  the  dis 
trict  of  New  London.  He  died  May  7, 
1868,  in  New  London,  Conn. 

FOSDICK,  PHILIP  C.,  manufacturer, 
legislator,  was  born  April  21,  1858,  In 
Louisville,  Ky.  He  is  a  manufacturer 
and  president  of  the  Fosdlck  and  Plucker 
Machine  Tool  company  in  Cincinnati, 


Ohio.  In  1895  he  served  with  distinction 
as  a  member  of  the  Ohio  general  assem 
bly. 

FOSDICK,  WILLIAM  WHITEMAN, 
lawyer,  author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  28, 
1825,  in  Cincinnati.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Cincinnati,  who  published  Malmiztic  the 
Toltec,  a  novel;  and  Ariel  and  Other 
Poems.  He  died  March  8,  1862,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

FOSNES,  C.  A.,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
was  born  in  1862,  in  Norway.  Since  1884 
he  has  practiced  law  in  Montevideo,  Minn. 
He  has  been  city  attorney;  village  may 
or;  and  in  1896  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Minnesota  state  legislature. 

FOSS,  CYRUS  DAVID,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  bishop,  author,  was  born  Jan.  17, 
1834,  in  Kingston,  N.  Y.  In  1854  he  grad 
uated  from  the  Wes- 
leyan  university; 
and  for  three  years 
was  an  instructor  in 
Amenia  seminary, 
New  York.  In  1857 
he  entered  the  trav 
eling  ministry;  was 
for  six  years  in  the 
city  of  Brooklyn, 
and  for  ten  years 
pastor  in  churches 
in  New  York  city.  In 
1875  he  was  elected 

president  of  the  Wesleyan  university; 
served  until  May,  1880,  when  he  was  elect 
ed  and  ordained  a  bishop  of  the  method- 
ist  episcopal  church.  His  duties  have 
since  been  at  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has  published  Ser 
mons  and  Addresses,  and  other  works. 

FOSS,  GEORGE  EDMUND,  was  born 
July  2,  1863,  in  Berkshire,  Vt.  He  began 
the  practice  of  iaw  in  Chicago;  and  never 
held  any  political  office  until  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

FOSS,  SAMUEL  WALTER,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1858  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  is  a  writer  of  popular  dialect 
and  other  poems,  whose  home  is  in  Som- 
erville,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  Back 
Country  Poems;  and  Whiffs  from  Wild 
Meadows. 

FOSTER,  A.  LAWRENCE,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  YorK.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1841  to  184o. 

FOSTER,  ABBY  KELLEY,  reformer, 
abolitionist,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1811,  in 
Pelham,  Mass.  She  was  a  noted  reform 
er,  and  an  ardent  abolitionist.  She  died 
Jan.  14,  1887,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

FOSTER,  ABIEL,  clergyman,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1735,  in  Andover, 
Mass.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1789  to 
1791;  and  was  again  a  representative  in 
the  legislature.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  from  1793  to  1794,  and  in  both 
years  was  president  of  that  body.  He 
was  again  elected  to  congress  from  1795 
to  1803.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1806,  in  Canter 
bury,  N.  H. 

FOSTER,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  was 
born  June  12,  1750,  in  Danvers,  Mass.  He 
was  an  accomplished  scholar,  particularly 
in  the  Greek,  Hebrew  and  the  Chaldean 
languages,  and  was  eminent  as  a  preach 
er.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1798,  in  New  York 
city. 

FOSTER,  CASSIUS  G.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1837, 
in  Webster,  N.  Y.  During  1863-64  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  legislature; 
mayor  of  Atchison  in  1867;  and  was  com 


missioned  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  district  of  Kansas  in  1874,  which  po 
sition  he  still  retains,  with  headquarters 
at  Topeka. 

FOSTER,  CHARLES,  merchant,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
April  12,  1828,  near  Tiffin,  Ohio.  He  was 
taken  by  his  father 
in  his  fifth  year  to 
what  is  now  Fosto- 
ria,  Ohio,  then  a  wil 
derness;  he  received 
his  education  at 
Norwalk  academy, 
and  became  a  suc 
cessful  merchant.  In 
1870  he  was  chosen 
to  congress  as  a  re 
publican,  and  was 
three  times  re-elect 
ed,  serving  in  the 
forty-second,  forty-third,  forty-fourth  and 
forty-fifth  congresses.  In  1879  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Ohio;  and  received 
the  re-election  in  1881,  serving  four  years 
in  all.  His  administration  was  marked 
by  efforts  to  regulate  the  sale  of  intoxi 
cating  liquors.  In  1891  he  became  secre 
tary  of  the  treasury,  which  position  he 
filled  with  distinction. 

FOSTER,  CHARLES  HUBBS,  actor, 
author,  was  born  in  1833,  in  New  York. 
He  was  an  actor  and  playwright  of  New 
York  city,  who  wrote  more  than  seventy- 
five  plays,  mostly  melodramas,  among 
which  are:  Twins  of  London;  Twenty 
Years  Dead;  and  The  Chain  Gang.  He 
died  in  1895. 

FOSTER,  CHARLES  JAMES,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1820,  in  England. 
He  wrote  for  The  Spirit  of  the  Times, 
and  in  1876  established  the  New  York 
Sportsman,  in  New  York  city.  He  died 
Sept.  12,  1883,  in  Astoria,  N.  Y. 

FOSTER,  DAVID  SKAATS,  author, 
poet.  He  is  the  author  of  Rebecca  the 
Witch,  and  Other  Tales  in  Metre,  first  Is 
sued  as  The  Romance  of  tne  Unexpected; 
Spanish  Castles  by  the  Rhine;  and  a 
Triptychal  Yarn. 

FOSTER,  DWIGHT,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Dec.  7, 1757,  in  Brookfield,  Mass.  He 
was  county  sheriff  and  judge  .and  after 
wards  chief  justice  of  common  pleas;  and 
was  for  some  years  a  member  of  the 
house  and  senate  of  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  executive  council 
of  Massachusetts;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1793  to  1799,  and 
United  States  senator  from  1800  to  1803, 
when  he  resigned.  He  died  April  29,  1823, 
in  Brookfield.  Mass. 

FOSTER,  EPHRAIM  H.,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  about  1795.  He  was 
speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives  of 
Tennessee  in  1820;  in  1837  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate,  but  in  1839  re 
signed  his  seat  because  he  could  not  obey 
the  instructions  of  the  state  legislature. 
In  1843  he  was  re-elected  for  two  years; 
on  his  return  from  Washington  was  a 
candidate  for  governor,  but  failed  of  an 
election.  He  died  Sept.  4,  1854,  in  Nash 
ville,  Tenn. 

FOSTER,  EUGENE,  physician,  was 
born  April  7,  1850,  In  Augusta,  Ga.  He 
has  become  one  of  the  most  prominent 
physicians  in  his  state  at  Augusta. 

FOSTER,  FOUNTAIN  HEATH,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1847,  in  Salem, 
111.  He  has  attained  success  as  an  emi 
nent  lawyer  of  Arkansas.  He  has  been 
mayor  of  Bentonville;  judge  of  Benton 
county;  and  judge  of  the  probate  court 
of  Benton  county,  Ark. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


375 


FOSTER,  FRANK  HUGH,  clergyman, 
theologian,  author,  was  born  June  18, 
1851,  in  Springfield,  Mass.  He  filled  the 
chair  of  philosophy  in  Middlebury  college 
in  1882-84;  of  church  history  in  the  Ober- 
lin  Theological  seminary  in  1884-92;  and 
since  1892  has  been  professor  of  system 
atic  theology  in  the  Pacific  Theological 
seminary  of  Oakland,  Cal.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Seminary  Method  of  Study 
in  the  Historical  Sciences;  and  other 
works. 

FOSTER,  MRS.  HANNAH  WEBSTER, 
author,  was  born  in  1759,  in  Massachu 
setts.  She  was  a  writer  who  was  the  wife 
of  John  Foster,  minisier  at  Brighton 
Mass.,  in  1784-1827,  and  after  his  death  a 
resident  of  Montreal.  She  wrote  The 
Boarding  School;  Letters  of  a  Precep 
tress;  but  is  remembered  chiefly  for  hav 
ing  been  the  author  of  the  once  famous 
story,  The  Coquette,  or  the  history  of 
Eliza  Wharton.  She  died  in  1840,  in 
Montreal,  Canada. 

FOSTER,  HENRY  ALLEN,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  May  7,  1800,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He 
served  in  the  senate  of  that  state  from 
1831  to  1834,  and  from  1841  to  1844.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1837  to  1839;  and  was  a 
senator  in  congress  during  the  years  1844 
and  1845,  by  appointment  of  the  governor. 
He  was  subsequently  a  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  New  York. 

FOSTER,  HENRY  DONNEL,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  L<ec.  19,  1812,  in 
Mercer,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  twen 
ty-eighth  and  twen 
ty-ninth  congress 
es;  and  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  of 
Pennsylvania  i  n 
1846  and  1847.  He 
was  the  democratic 
candidate  for  gover 
nor  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1860;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty- 
second  congress.  He 
served  on  the  com 
mittee  of  claims,  and 
other  important  committees. 

FOSTER,  ISAAC,  physician,  surgeon 
was  born  about  1740,  in  Charlestown 
Mass.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  pro 
vincial  congress  of  Massachusetts  in  1744 
He  was  at  the  head  of  the  military  medi 
cal  department  during  the  revolutionary 
war,  and  was  director-general  of  the 
American  hospital  department.  He  died 
in  February,  1781. 

FOSTER,  JACOB  POST  GIRAUD  law 
yer,  was  born  April  8,  1827,  in  New  York 
city.  He  practiced  in  New  York  city, 
and  gained  a  high  reputation,  especially 
as  an  insurance  lawyer.  He  died  Feb 
26,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

FOSTER,  JAMES  PEERS,  lawyer  was 
born  Aug.  31,  1848,  in  Flushing,  N.  Y. 
He  was  chosen  the  first  president  of  what 
is  now  the  republican  league  of  the 
United  States.  He  is  a  trustee  and  dlr- 
rector  in  various  corporations  and  insti 
tutions  of  New  York  city. 

FOSTER,  JEDEDIAH,  lawyer,  jurist 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1726  in 
Andover,  Mass.  In  1776  he  was  appointed 
a  judge  of  the  superior  court;  and  was 
for  many  years  a  judge  of  probate,  and 
also  of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  He 
died  Oct.  17,  1779,  in  Brookfield,  Mass. 

FOSTER,  JOHN  G.,  educator  lawyer 
was  born  Oct.  14,  1868.  in  Morgan  county, 
Ohio.  He  attended  the  National  Normal 
school  of  Lebanon,  Ohio;  and  graduated 
from  the  law  department  of  the  West  Vir 
ginia  university.  He  attained  success  in 
educational  work,  and  became  county 


superintendent  of  schools.  He  is  now  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Fayette- 
ville,  W.  Va. 

FOSTER,  JOHN  GRAY,    soldier,    civil 
engineer,    was    born    May    27,    1823,    in 
Whitefleld,  N.  H.    He  received  the  brevets 
of     first     lieutenant 
and  captain  for  gal 
lantry.     He  was  as 
sistant     engineer    in 
Maryland  in  1848-52, 
and  on  coast  survey 
duty  in  Washington, 
D.  C.,  in  1852-54.   He 
served  with  distinc 
tion      through      the 
civil   war.     He   died 
Sept.     2,     1874,      in 
Nashua,  N.   H.     For 
many  years  he  serv 
ed  as  a  professor  of  engineering  at  West 
Point. 

FOSTER,  JOHN  HAMILTON,  physi 
cian,  legislator,  was  born  in  1826,  in  Guil- 
ford  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  territorial  legislature  of  Oregon  in 
the  early  fifties,  and  was  known  as  a 
prominent  physician  and  one  of  the  pion 
eers  of  that  profession  in  central  Iowa 
where  he  located  in  1853.  He  died  Dec' 
7,  1894,  in  Iowa  Falls,  Iowa. 

FOSTER,  JOHN  WATSON,  lawyer,  dip 
lomat,  was  born  March  2,  1836,  in  Peters 
burg,  Ind.  He  served  in  the  union  army 
throughout  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  ris 
ing  to  the  rank  of  colonel  and  brevet 
brigadier-general.  In  1869  he  was  ap 
pointed  postmaster  at  Evansville;  and  in 
1873  was  appointed  United  States  Min 
ister  to  Mexico.  In  1880  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  St.  Petersburg,  as  minister  to 
Russia;  and  1883  was  appointed  United 
States  minister  to  Spain.  He  served  as 
secretary  of  state  under  President  Harri 
son  in  l!s92-96.  He  now  practices  law  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

FOSTER,  JOHN  WELLS,  geologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  4,  1815,  in  Brum- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  a  geologist  employed 
by  the  United  States  in  a  geological  sur 
vey  of  the  Lake  Superior  region,  and  sub 
sequently  a  resident  of  Chicago.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Mississippi  Valley; 
Mineral  Wealth  and  Railroad  Develop 
ment;  Prehistoric  Races  of  the  United 
States;  and  Geology  and  Topography  of 
the  Lake  Superior  Land  District.  He  died 
June  29,  1873,  in  Chicago,  111. 

FOSTER,  MRS.  JUDITH  ELLEN  HOR- 
TON,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  3, 
1840,  in  Lowell,  Mass.  She  is  a  lawyer 
and  prominent  temperance  advocate  of 
Iowa,  and  the  author  of  The  Crime 
Against  Ireland;  Amendment  Manual 
(Prohibition);  The  American  Renais 
sance;  and  Republican  Contentions  and 
Supreme  Court  Decisions. 

FOSTER,  LA  FAYETTE  SABINE,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Nov.  22,  1806,  in  Franklin,  Conn. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  general  assem 
bly  of  Connecticut  in  1839  and  1840,  in 
1846,  1847,  and  1848,  and  1854;  and  was 
speaker  of  the  house  in  1847, 1848  and  1854. 
He  was  chosen  a  senator  in  congress  for 
the  term  1855-61.  In  1860  he  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1867.  In 
1869  he  was  elected  professor  of  law  in 
Yale  college,  and  in  1870  to  a  seat  on  the 
bench  of  the  supreme  court  of  Connecti 
cut.  He  died  Sept.  19,  1880,  in  Norwich, 
Conn. 

FOSTER,  MURPHY  J.  He  was  born 
Jan.  12,  18*9,  in  Franklin,  La.  In  1892 
he  was  elected  governor  of  Louisiana,  af 
ter  the  most  memorable  campaign  ever 
known  in  Louisiana — the  anti-lottery 
campaign.  He  has  practiced  law  with 
success;  has  declined  nomination  for  con 


gress;   and  the  appointment  of  associate 
justice  on  the  supreme  bench. 

FOSTER,  N.  C.,  railroad  president,  was 
born  in  Owego,  N.  Y.  He  entered  rail 
way  service  in  1882,  as  owner  of  the 
Chicago,  Fail-child  and  Eau  Claire  River 
railroad;  of  which  he  has  been  president 
and  general  manager  since  1891.  He  was 
also  president  and  general  manager  of 
the  Sault  Ste.  Marie  and  Southwestern 
railway  from  1886  for  several  years.  He 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  Fairchild,  Wis.;  and  in  all  meas 
ures  for  the  welfare  of  his  state. 

FOSTER,  NATHANIEL  G.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug 
25,  1809,  in  The  Fork,  Ga.  He  served 
three  years  as  solicitor-general  of  the 
Ocmulgee  circuit;  five  years  in  the  state 
senate,  and  one  year  in  the  house;  and 
was  a  representative  in  the  thirty-fourth 
congress. 

FOSTER,  RANDOLPH  SINKS,  educat 
or,  college  president,  bishop,  author  was 
born  Feb.  22,  1820,  in  Williamsburg,  Ohio. 
He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  North 
western  university 
of  Evanston,  111.; 
president  of  the 
Drew  Theological 
seminary  of  Madi 
son,  N.  J. ;  and  is 
now  a  bishop  of  the 
methodist  episcopal 
church  at  Roxbury, 
Mass.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Objections  to 
Calvinism;  Chris 
tian  Purity;  Ministry  Needed  for  the 
Times;  Theism;  Beyond  the  Grave;  Cen 
tenary  Thoughts;  and  Studies  in  Theol 
ogy. 

FOSTER,    ROBERT    SANDFORD     sol 
dier,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1834,  in  Vernon, 
Ind.     He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  at 
tained   the    rank    of 
major-general.  Since 
the  war    he   has  re 
sided  in    Indianapo 
lis,      and      was     its 
treasurer  from    1867 
till     1872.      He    was 
United    States    mar 
shal  for  the  district 
of  Indiana  from  1881 
till     1885.     He    was 
detailed  as  a  member 
of    the    commission 
that    tried    the  con 
spirators  and  assassins  of  President  Lin 
coln.    While  serving  in  the  civil  war  his 
regiment  was  daily  engaged  with  the  con 
federate    forces;     and    during    the    cam 
paign  the  first  battle  of  Winchester  was 
fought  by  him.     He  was  engaged  in  the 
operations  in  front  of  Richmond  and  Pet 
ersburg;     and    was   in   the    final    pursuit 
and  capture  of  Lee's  army  at  Appomat- 
tox. 

FOSTER,  ROBERT  VERRELL,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1845, 
in  Tennessee.  He  is  a  Cumberland  pres- 
byterian  clergyman  and  educator;  and 
has  been  professor  of  Hebrew  in  the  The 
ological  seminary  at  Lebanon,  Tenn., 
since  1877.  He  is  the  author  of  Intro 
duction  to  the  Study  of  Theology;  Old 
Testament  Studies;  and  Commentary  on 
the  Epistle  to  the  Romans. 

FOSTER,  STEPHEN,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Feb.  j.5,  1798,  in  An 
dover,  Mass.  In  1827  he  took  the  chair 
of  Latin  and  Greek  in  the  East  Tennessee 
college,  now  the  university  of  Tennessee, 
of  Knoxville,  and  became  president  of  the 
college  in  1834.  He  died  Jan.  11,  1835,  in 
Kuoxville,  Tenn. 


376 


HERRINOSHAW'B    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FOSTER,  STEPHEN  C.,  lumber  mer 
chant,  ship  builder,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  24,  1799,  in  Machias,  Maine. 
He  was  in  the  Maine  legislature  from 
1834  to  1837,  again  in  1840,  when  he  was 
president  of  the  senate,  and  again  in  1847. 
He  was  elected  to  congress  from  Maine 
in  1856,  serving  through  the  thirty-fifth 
congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  thir 
ty-sixth  congress;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  peace  congress  of  1861. 

FOSTER,  STEPHEN  COLLINS,  author, 
poet,  was  born  July  4,  1826,  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  He  was  a  famous  song  writer  and 
composer  of  Pittsburg  and  New  York  city. 
He  set  to  music  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  or  more  songs,  the  words  in  nearly 
all  cases  being  his  own.  Some  of  them, 
like  the  Suwanee  River,  My  Old  Kentucky 
Home,  and  Nelly  Bly,  are  known  in  all 
English-speaking  lands.  He  died  Jan.  13, 
1864,  in  New  York  city. 

FOSTER  STEPHEN  SYMONDS,  aboli 
tionist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1809, 
in  Canterbury,  N.  H.  He  was  a  noted  anti- 
slavery  agitator  of  Worcester,  Mass.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Brotherhood  of 
Thieves,  a  True  Picture  of  the  American 
Church  and  Clergy.  He  died  Sept.  8, 
1881,  in  Worcester,  "Mass. 

FOSTER,  THEODORE,  lawyer.  United 
States  senator,  was  born  April  29,  1752, 
in  Brookfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1790  to 
1803.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1828,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I. 

FOSTER,  MRS.  THEODOSIA  (TOLI)  — 
FAYE  HUNTINGTON— educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1838,  in  New  York.  She  is 
an  educator  of  Verona,  N.  Y.,  who  has 
written  extensively  for  young  people.  She 
is  the  author  of  In  Earnest;  What  Fide 
Remembers;  A  Baker's  Dozen;  A  Modern 
Exodus;  and  other  works. 

FOSTER,  THOMAS  FLOURNOY,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1790, 
in  Greenborough,  Ga.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  Georgia  legisla 
ture;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1829  to  1835, 
and  again  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died  in 
1847,  in  Columbus,  Ga. 

FOSTER,  WILDER  D.,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  8, 
1821,  in  Monroe,  N.  Y.  He  was  city  treas 
urer  and  alderman  of  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.;  and  in  Is54  was  elected  mayor. 
He  was  elected  state  senator  for  1855  and 
1856;  again  elected  mayor  in  1865  and 
1866,  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-second 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress.  He 
died  Sept.  20,  1873. 

FOSTER,  WILLIAM  EATON,  author, 
was  born  in  1851,  in  Vermont.  He  is  a 
librarian  of  Providence,  and  the  author  of 
The  Civil  Service  Reform  Movement; 
The  Literature  of  Civil  Service  Reform  in 
the  United  States;  Stephen  Hopkins,  a 
Rhode  Island  Statesman;  and  Town  Gov 
ernment  in  Rhode  Island. 

FOSTER,  WILLIAM  PRESCOTT,  law 
yer,  poet.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Bar  Harbor,  Maine;  and  the  author  of  a 
number  of  meritorious  poems. 

FOUKE,  PHILIP  B.,  soldier,  journalist, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  23, 
1818,  in  Kaskaskia,  111.  He  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  for  his  district,  and 
was  re-elected.  In  1851  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Illinois  legislature;  and 
in  1856  was  again  elected  prosecuting  at 
torney.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Illinois  to  the  thirty-sixth 
congress;  and  re-elected  to  tne  thirty- 
seventh  congress. 

FOULKE,  WILLIAM  DUDLEY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1848, 


in  New  York  city.  He  has  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Indiana  state  senate;  pres 
ident  of  the  Indiana  Civil  Service  Re 
form  association;  and  as  president  of  the 
American  Woman's  Suffrage  association. 
He  is  the  author  of  Slav  and  Saxon. 

FOUSE,  LEV1  G.,  underwriter,  was 
born  Oct.  21,  1850,  in  Morrison's  Cove, 
Pa.  He  is  president  of  the  American 
Faculty  of  Actuaries;  and  is  the  author 
of  a  system  of  life  insurance  which  has 
become  popularly  known  as  the  Fouse 
plan. 

FOUTE,  ROBERT  CHESTER,  naval  of 
ficer,  clergyman,  was  born  April  14,  1841, 
in  Greenville,  Tenn.  He  served  in  the 
United  States  navy  during  the  civil  war; 
and  attained  the  rank  of  lieutenant.  He 
was  ordained  priest  in  1874  in  the  Christ 
church  of  Savannah,  Ga.;  and  in  1883  was 
elected  rector  of  Grace  church  of  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

FOUTS,  L.  M.,  railroad  president,  was 
born  July  22,  1854,  in  New  Washington, 
Ind.  Since  1891  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Weatherford,  Mineral  Wells  and 
Northwestern  railway. 

FOWLE,  DANIEL,  printer,  journalist, 
was  born  about  1715,inCharlestown,  Mass. 
From  1742  to  1750  he  was  a  partner  witn 
Gamaliel  Rogers,  and  in  1748-50  joint 
publisher  with  him  of  the  Independent 
Advertiser.  They  were  the  first  in  Amer 
ica  to  print  the  New  Testament.  He  died 
June,  1787,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

FOWLE,  ROBERT,  journalist.  He  was 
a  partner  with  his  uncle  in  the  publica 
tion  of  the  New  Hampshire  Gazette, 
which  was  the  only  newspaper  in  New 
Hampshire  at  the  beginning  of  the  revo 
lution. 

FOWLE,  WILLIAM  BENTLEY,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1795,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature  in  1843.  About  1851 
he  opened  a  monitorial  school  in  Boston, 
which  he  conducted  successfully  till  1860. 
He  died  Feb.  6,  1865,  in  Medford,  Mass. 

FOWLER,  ANDREW,  clergyman,  was 
born  about  1765,  in  Guilford,  Conn.  After 
residing  on  Long  Island  and  in  Philadel 
phia,  he  became  rector  of  churches  in 
Spotswood,  Shrewsbury,  and  Middletown, 
N.  J.  He  died  in  1851,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

FOWLER,  CHARLES  HENRY,  bishop, 
was  born  Aug.  11,  1837,  in  Canada.  In 
1876  he  was  elected  editor  of  the  New 
York  Christian  Advocate;  and  in  1884 
was  elected  methodist  episcopal  bishop. 

FOWLER,  CHARLES  NEWELL,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1852, 
in  Lena,  111.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Elizabeth,  N.  J.;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

FOWLER,  EDWIN,  educator,  founder, 
was  born  Dec.  15,  1847,  in  England.  In 
1876  he  moved  to  New  York  city,  where 
he  established  a  semi-military  school, 
which  is  especially  associated  with  his 
name  and  reputation  as  an  educator.  In 
]878  he  founded  the  Columbian  institute 
of  New  York  city. 

FOWLER,  MRS.  FANNIE  H.,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  19,  1838,  in  Will  county,  111. 
She  has  edited  for  several  years  the  wo 
man's  department  of  one  of  the  leading 
newspapers  of  Manistee,  Mich.  She  has 
written  poems  and  articles  for  magazines 
and  papers,  and  has  recently  published 
a  volume  of  Society  Poems. 

FOWLER.  FRANK,  artist,  was  born 
July  12,  i852,  in  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.  He 
has  attained  a  national  reputation  as  a 
successful  artist;  and  has  represented  art 
in  well-timed  and  valuable  articles  pub 
lished  in  periodicals  and  books. 


FOWLER,  GEORGE  B1NGHAM.  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1847,  in 
Macon  county,  Ala.  He  was  a  professor 
of  physiology  in  the  College  of  Physicians, 
and  Surgeons;  established  The  Dietetic 
Gazette;  and  for  six  years  was  associate 
editor  of  The  American  Journal  of  Ob 
stetrics.  He  is  the  author  of  Detection  of 
Sugar  in  Urine;  Use  and  Value  of  Arti 
ficially  Digested  Food;  and  other  works. 

FOWLER,  GEORGE  RYERSOX.  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1848,  in 
New  York  city.  He  has  filled  the  high 
est  positions  in  medical  colleges  and  hos 
pitals  of  Brooklyn  and  New  York  city.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  dozen  medical  works  on 
Diseases  and  Surgery. 

FOWLER,  HARRIET  PUTNAM,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  25,  1842,  in  Danvers- 
port,  Mass.  She  received  her  education  at 
tne  schools  of  her 
native  town;  and  at 
Bradford  Female 
seminary,  where  she 
excelled  in  rhetoric 
and  composition.  In 
1879  she  published  a 
work  entitled  Vege 
tarianism,  the  Rad 
ical  Cure  for  Intem 
perance.  Then  ap 
peared  from  her  pen 
a  novel  entitled  Our 
Smoking  Husbands 
and  What  to  Do  With  Them.  She  is  now 
collating  a  series  of  ancestral  books  of 
genealogy  and  heraldry,  which  will  form 
a  rich  legacy  to  posterity.  She  is  able  to 
trace  her  descent  through  sixteen  gen 
erations  to  Catherine  Chaucer,  sister  of 
Geoffrey  Chaucer,  the  father  of  English 
poetry.  She  has  fine  poetic  talent  and  is 
the  author  of  a  book  of  poems  entitled 
Puritan  Bluebells. 

FOWLER,  HENRY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1824,  in  Stockbridge,  Mass. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Au 
burn,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author  of  The  Amer 
ican  Pulpit,  a  collection  of  sketches  of 
American  preachers.  He  died  Aug.  4, 
1872,  in  Vineyard  Haven,  Mass. 

FOWLER,  INMAN  H..  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  June  7,  1834.  in  Eaton, 
Ohio.  In  1876  he  was  elected  to  the  In 
diana  state  senate  from  the  district  com 
posed  of  the  counties  of  Owen  and  Clay, 
serving  in  the  regular  and  special  ses 
sions  of  1877  and  1879. 

FOWLER,  JOHN,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1755.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the 
war  of  the  revolution;  and  attained  the 
rank  of  captain.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  Kentucky  from  1797  to 
1807.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1840,  in  Lexington, 
Ky. 

FOWLER,  JOHN  EDGAR,  educator, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  8, 
1866,  in  Sampson  county,  N.  C.  He 
read  law  at  the  uni 
versity  of  North 
Carolina,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1894.  He  was 
formerly  a  free  sil 
ver  democrat,  but 
upon  the  nomination 
of  Mr.  Cleveland  in 
1892,  left  the  demo 
cratic  and  allied 
himself  with  the 
populist  party.  He 
was  nominated  for 
the  state  house  of  representatives  the 
same  year  as  a  populist,  but  was  defeated 
by  seven  votes.  He  was  nominated  as  a 
populist  for  the  state  senate  in  1894.  and 
was  elected.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  populist. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


377 


FOWLER,  JOSEPH  SMITH,  mathe 
matician,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  3],  1822,  in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  In 
1865  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Tennessee  for  six  years,  but  was 
not  admitted  to  his  seat  until  July,  1866. 

FOWLER,  LORENZO  MILES,  journal 
ist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  June  23, 
1811,  in  Cohocton,  N.  Y.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  firm  of  Fowler  and 
Wells,  and  the  author  of  several  phrenolo 
gical  works,  the  principal  of  which  are 
Marriage,  its  History  and  Ceremonies; 
and  Lectures  on  Man.  He  died  in  1896. 

FOWLER,  MRS.  LYDIA  FOLGER, 
physician,  author,  was  born  in  1823,  in 
Nantucket,  Mass.  She  was  the  wife  of 
Lorenzo  Niles  Wells,  and  a  practicing 
physician  for  some  years.  She  was  the 
author  of  Nora,  the  Lost  and  Redeemed; 
The  Pet  of  the  Household  and  How  to 
Save  It;  Familiar  Lessons  on  Phrenol 
ogy  and  Physiology;  and  Familiar  Les 
sons  on  Astronomy.  She  died  Jan.  26, 
1879,  in  London,  England. 

FOWLER,  MOSES,  farmer,  banker, 
philanthropist,  was  born  April  30,  1815, 
in  Circleville,  Ohio.  In  1874  the  county 
seat  of  Benton  county  was  removed  from 
Oxford  to  Fowler,  a  town  laid  out  by 
Messrs.  Fowler  and  Earl.  To  aid  in  the 
cost  of  removal  and  to  construct  a  court 
house,  Mr.  Fowler  donated  forty  thousand 
dollars. 

FOWLER,  ORIN,  clergyman,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  July  29,  1791,  in 
Lebanon,  Conn.  For  twenty  years  he 
was  a  pastor  at  Fall  River,  which  he  rep 
resented  in  both  branches  of  the  legis 
lature  for  several  years.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1849  to  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  published  a  trea 
tise  on  Baptism  in  1835,  and  Historical 
Sketch  of  Fall  River.  He  died  Sept.  3, 
1852,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

FOWLER,  ORSON  SQUIRE,  publisher, 
phrenologist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  11, 
1809,  in  Cohocton,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  publishing  house  of 
Fowler  and  Wells  in  1844-63.  He  was  the 
author  of  Memory  and  Intellectual  Im 
provement;  Physiology,  Animal  and  Men 
tal;  Matrimony;  Self-Culture;  Hereditary 
Descent;  Love  and  Parentage;  Sexual 
Science;  Amativeness;  Human  Science; 
Creative  Science;  and  The  Self-Instructor 
in  Phrenology.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1887,  in 
Connecticut. 

FOWLER,  PHILEMON  HALSTEAD, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1814, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Utica,  and  the  author  of 
History  of  Presbyterianism  in  Central 
New  York;  and  The  Presbyterian  Ele 
ment  in  Our  National  Life  and  History. 
He  died  Dec.  19,  1879,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

FOWLER,  RALPH,  farmer,  legislator, 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1808,  in  Trenton.  N.  Y. 
He  settled  in  1836  on  a  farm  in  Handy, 
Mich.,  and  was  the  founder  of  the  village 
of  Fowlerville.  He  was  a  justice  for  twen 
ty-five  years,  and  during  1845-51  was 
a  member  of  the  Michigan  legislature. 
He  died  Sept.  26,  1887. 

FOWLER,  SAMUEL,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1779,  in  New- 
burg,  N.  J.  He  was  a  distinguished  mem 
ber  of  tne  medical  profession;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  Jer 
sey  from  1833  to  1837.  He  died  Feb.  21, 
1844,  in  Franklin,  N.  J. 

FOWLER,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  22,  1851,  in  Frank 
lin,  N.  J.  Since  1876  he  has  practiced  law 
in  Newark  and  Newton,  N.  J.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 


FOWLER,  SAMUEL  PAGE,  antiquar 
ian,  was  born  April  22,  1800,  in  Danvers, 
Mass.  He  learned  of  his  father  the  trade 
of  tanner,  and  from 
early  manhood  to 
1875  successfully 
carried  on  that  busi 
ness  in  his  native 
town.  He  made  a 
study  of  our  native 
birds,  and  contrib 
uted  numerous  inter 
esting  articles  on 
horticultural  sub 
jects;  on  The  Culti 
vation  of  Native 
Trees  and  Shrubs; 
Birds  of  New  England;  Destruction  of  In 
sects  Injurious  to  Vegetation;  Ornitholo 
gy;  and  other  subjects.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Essex  County  Natural 
History  society;  was  its  curator  during 
1846-48;  and  was  curator  of  Essex  insti 
tute  during  1848-56.  He  represented  Dan 
vers  in  the  general  court  in  1837-39;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  con 
stitutional  convention  in  1853.  He  died 
in  1895,  in  Danvers,  Mass. 

FOWLER,  SMITH  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
journalist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
April  5,  1829,  in  New  Berlin,  N.  Y.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war  in  the  sixth  Michigan  infantry.  While 
a  member  of  the  Michigan  state  legisla 
ture  he  was  the  author  of  and  secured  the 
passage  of  the  Soldiers'  Voting  bill.  Dur 
ing  1867-65  he  published  the  Manistee 
Times,  afterward  known  as  the  Standard. 
He  was  three  times  the  democratic  can 
didate  for  state  senator;  and  was  a  col 
onel  on  the  governor's  staff.  He  died  Oct. 
3,  1894. 

FOWLER,  SYLVESTER,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  March  2,  1853,  in  Williams 
county,  Ohio.  He  is  the  editor  of  the 
County  Times,  of  Louisville,  Kas. ;  and 
the  author  of  Sex  and  Other  Poems. 

FOWLER,  THOMAS  POWELL,  lawyer, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1851, 
in  Newburg,  N.  Y.  Since  1886  he  has 
been  president  of  the  New  York,  Ontario 
and  Western  railway. 

FOWLER,  WILLIAM  CHAUNCEY, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  1,  1793,  in  Killingworth,  Conn.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  and  ed 
ucator  of  New  England.  He  is  the  author 
of  Memorials  of  the  Chaunceys;  The  Sec 
tional  Controversy,  or  Passages  in  United 
States  Political  History;  History  of  Dur 
ham,  Connecticut;  Local  Law  in  Massa 
chusetts  and  Connecticut;  Essays;  Eng 
lish  Grammar;  and  The  English  Lan 
guage  in  Its  Elements  and  Forms.  He 
died  Jan.  15,  1881,  in  Durham,  Conn. 

FOWLER,  WILLIAM  WORTHINGTON,  ' 
lawyer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  June 
24,  1833,  in  Middlebury,  Vt.  He  was  suc 
cessively  a  lawyer,  broker  and  journalist 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Ten 
Years  in  Wall  Street;  Fighting  Fire,  the 
Great  Fires  of  History;  Woman  on  the 
American  Frontier;  and  Twenty  Years  of 
Inside  Life  in  Wall  Street.  He  died  Sept. 
18,  1881,  in  Durham,  Conn. 

FOWLES,  JAMES  H.,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1812,  in  Nassau,  N.  P.  He  preach 
ed  in  South  Carolina  till  1845,  when  he 
succeeded  Stephen  H.  Tyng  in  Philadel 
phia. 

FOX,  ANDREW  FULLER,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  26,  1849,  in  Clay  county,  Miss.  He 
was  elected  state  senator  in  1891,  which 
position  he  resigned  to  accept  the  office 
of  United  States  attorney  for  the  north 
ern  district  of  Mississippi,  to  which  he 


was  appointed  in  1893;  resigned  the  lat 
ter  office  in  1896,  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

FOX,  CHARLES  JAMES,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1811, 
in  Antrim,  N.  H.  In  1837  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Hampshire  legislature; 
was  county  solicitor  in  1835-44;  and  in 
1841-42  was  one  of  the  commission  to  re 
vise  the  New  Hampshire  statutes.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  New  Hampshire 
Book  of  Prose  and  Poetry;  The  History  of 
Dunstable;  and  The  Town  Officer. 

FOX,  CHARLES  JAMES,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1854,  in  Weath- 
ersfield,  Conn.  He  received  the  diploma 
with  high  honors  from  the  New  York 
university  medical  college  in  1876.  He  had 
been  previously  fitted  for  Yale  college, 
and  was  a  graduate  from  the  Hartford 
high  school.  He  has  been  physician-in- 
chief  of  the  city  hospital  of  Hartford, 
Conn.;  a  member  of  the  United  States 
examining  board  of  Windham  county; 
and  is  now  surgeon-general  of  the  state 
of  Connecticut.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  Windham  County  Medical  society, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical 
associations  of  America.  He  is  a  thor 
ough  student  in  his  professional  and  liter 
ary  works,  and  as  a  contributor  to  state, 
national  and  international  medical  jour 
nals,  his  writings  have  received  marked 
and  widespread  attention. 

FOX,  CHARLES  KEMBLE,  actor,  was 
born  Aug.  15,  1833,  in  Boston,  Mass.  His 
first  appearance  in  New  York  was  made 
at  the  old  National  theater  in  1853,  as 
Cute  in  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin.  He  died  Jan. 
17,  1875. 

FOX,  CHARLES  NELSON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  March  9,  1829,  in  Detroit, 
Mich.  He  began  practice  in  San  Fran 
cisco.  In  1889  he  accepted  an  appoint 
ment  to  fill  a  vacancy  on  the  bench  of  tne 
supreme  court. 

FOX,  EBENEZER,  author,  was  born  in 
1763,  in  East  Roxbury,  Mass.  He  was  a 
Bostonian,  who  was  postmaster  of  his 
city  in  1830-36,  and  the  author  of  The 
Revolutionary  Adventures  of  Ebenezer 
Fox.  He  died  in  1843,  in  East  Roxbury, 
Mass. 

FOX,  EDWARD,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Maine.  He  was  a  resident  of  Portland, 
and  in  1866  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  the  district  of  Maine.  He  died 
Dec.  14,  1881. 

FOX,  ELIAS  WILLIAMS,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1828,  in  Buf 
falo,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  first  president  of 
the  St.  Louis  board  of  trade;  in  1865  was 
a  member  of  the  Missouri  legislature;  and 
in  1885  he  bought  The  National  Republic 
of  Washington,  D.  C.,  which  he  edited  with 
eminent  ability  for  several  years. 

FOX,  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  lecturer,  was 
born  June  28,  1858,  in  Porter,  Maine.  Dur 
ing  1880-90  he  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  Maine  legislature.  He  is 
a  successful  lawyer  of  Kezar  Falls,  Maine, 
and  a  brilliant  lecturer. 

FOX,  FRANK,  educator,  clergyman, 
was  born  Jan.  28,  1859,  in  Knox  county, 
Ohio.  During  1890-91  he  was  principal  of 
public  schools  of  Dodge,  Neb.;  and  has 
always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  education 
al  work.  In  1895  he  graduated  from  the 
Chicago  Theological  seminary  with  the 
degree  of  B.  D.;  and  is  now  pastor  of  the 
congregational  church  at  Three  Oaks, 
Mich. 

FOX,  GEORGE,  founder,  was  born  in 
July,  1624,  in  England.  He  was  the  foun 
der  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  commonly 
called  Quakers.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1690,  in 
London. 


-,:TS 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FOX,  GEORGE  HENRY,  physician, 
•was  born  Oct.  8,  1846,  in  Ballston  Spa,  N. 
Y.  He  has  been  unusually  successful  in 
the  adaptation  of  new  photographic  pro 
cesses  to  the  illustration  of  medical  works, 
and  has  published  Photographic  Illustra 
tions  of  Skin  Diseases;  Photographic  Il 
lustrations  of  Cutaneous  Syphilis;  Illus 
trated  Medicine  and  Surgery;  and  Electro 
lysis  in  the  Removal  of  Superfluous  Hair, 
etc. 

FOX,  GEORGE  L.,  actor,  was  born 
July  3,  1825,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1867-68 
he  was  stage  manager  of  the  Olympic,  and 
made  an  immediate  success  in  the  part 
of  the  clown  in  the  pantomime  Humpty- 
Dumpty.  He  died  Oct.  24,  1877,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

FOX,  GUSTAVUS  VASA,  manufacturer, 
diplomat,  was  born  June  13,  1821,  in 
Saugus,  Mass.  In  an  official  capacity  he 
was  sent  to  Russia  to  deliver  in  person 
the  resolutions  of  congress  passed  upon 
the  escape  of  the  emperor  from  assassi 
nation.  He  died  Oct.  29,  1883,  in  New 
York  city. 

FOX,  JOHN,  mechanic,  congressman, 
was  born  June  30,  1835,  in  New  York.  In 
1866  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  fortieth  congress,  and 
re-elected  to  the  forty-first  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

FOX,  MARY  HEWINS,  actress,  was 
born  in  1842  in  Hartford,  Conn.  She  made 
her  first  appearance  on  the  stage  at  the 
old  museum  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  after 
ward  appeared  at  Laura  Keene's  Varie 
ties  in  New  York. 

FOX,  NORMAN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1836  in  New  York.  He  is  a  baptist 
clergyman  of  New  York  and  Missouri; 
author  of  George  Fox  and  the  Early 
Friends;  Rise  of  the  Use  of  Pouring  and 
Sprinkling  for  Baptism;  A  Layman's 
Ministry;  and  Inspiration  of  the  Apos 
tles  in  Speaking  and  Writing. 

FOX,  OSCAR  C.,  soldier,  inventor,  was 
born  Aug.  23,  1830,  in  Pitcher,  N.  Y.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  major.  He  is  an  inventor  in 
calorifics,  hydraulics,  pneumatics,  optics 
and  surgery,  and  is  also  an  examiner  in 
the  United  States  patent  office. 

FOX,  ROBERT  CLAYBROOK,  educator, 
was  born  Dec.  12,  1834,  in  Virginia.  In 
1881  he  was  chosen  secretary  and  treas 
urer  of  the  Columbian  university,  and  sec 
retary  and  auditor  of  the  Columbian  In 
stitution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  both 
of  which  positions  he  now  fills. 

FOX,  THOMAS  BAILEY,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1808  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  for  three  years  the 
editor  of  the  Christian  Register  in  Bos 
ton,  and  for  a  much  longer  period  an  as 
sistant  editor  and  contributor  to  the 
Christian  Examiner.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  Ministry  of  Jesus  (Boston);  The 
Sunday-School  Prayer-Book;  Hints  for 
Sunday-School  Teachers;  Allegories  and 
Christian  Lessons  for  Children;  and  The 
Acts  of  the  Apostles.  He  died  in  1876 
in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

FOX,  TIMOTHY  J.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Dec.  24,  1847,  in  Ireland.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  New  Haven,  Conn., 
and  graduated  from  Yale  university  in 
1869.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  law 
yer;  and  has  been  city  attorney  of  New 
Haven,  Conn.  In  1882  he  served  -as  a 
member  of  the  Connecticut  house  of  rep 
resentatives;  was  a  state  senator  during 
1891-95;  and  served  as  chairman  of  the 
judiciary  committee. 


FOXCROFT,  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS,  hu 
morist,  was  born  in  1815  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  wrote  many  articles  for  the  daily  press 
on  monetary  topics,  under  the  pen-name 
of  Job  Sass.  He  may  be  regarded  as  the 
originator  of  what  has  been  called  pho 
netic  humor.  He  died  March  13,  1878. 

FOXCROFT,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1697,  in  Cam 
bridge, Mass.  Inl717hebecamepastorof  the 
First  Congregational  church  in  Boston, 
where  he  remained  till  his  death.  He 
published  thirty-two  sermons,  including 
Observations,  Historical  and  Practical,  on 
the  Rise  and  Primitive  State  of  New  Eng 
land,  a  Century  Sermon.  He  died  June  18, 
1769,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

FOYE,  JAMES  CLARK,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  1,  1841,  in  Great 
Falls,  N.  H.  He  is  an  educator  who  has 
been  professor  of  chemistry  at  Lawrence 
university  since  1867.  He  is  the  author  of 
Chemical  Problems;  Handbook  of  Min 
eralogy;  and  Tables  for  Determination  of 
United  States  Minerals. 

FRACKER,  CORA  ROBINS,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1849,  in 
Iowa  City,  Iowa.  She  has  taught  music 
for  a  quarter  of  a  century,  principally  the 
guitar;  and  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
musical  compositions  for  the  guitar  and 
piano. 

FRACKLETON,  MRS.  SUSAN  STU 
ART,  artist,  inventor,  was  born  in  1851, 
in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  She  has  invented  and 
patented  a  portable  gas-kiln  for  firing 
artistic  work;  and  is  the  author  of  Tried 
by  Fire,  a  successful  text-book  on  China 
Painting. 

FRADENBURGH,  J.  N.,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  4,  1843, 
in  Gouverneur,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  from 
Genesee  Wesleyan 
seminary  and  the 
Genesee  college;  and 
has  received  the  de 
grees  of  Ph.  D.,  D.  D. 
and  LL.  D.  He  has 
filled  the  chair  of 
mathematics  in  the 
Genesee  Wesleyan 
seminary;  for  four 
years  taught  ancient 
languages  at  the  State 
Normal  school  at 
Fredonia,  N.  Y. ;  and 
for  two  years  was  principal  of  the  State 
Normal  school  at  Mansfield,  Pa.  He  has 
filled  pastorates  in  the  methodist  episco 
pal  church  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  other 
cities;  and  since  1896  has  filled  a  pastor 
ate  in  Clarion,  Pa.  For  awhile  he  was 
president  of  the  Red  River  Valley  univer 
sity  of  North  Dakota.  He  is  the  author 
of  numerous  religious  works,  the  most  no 
table  of  which  are  The  Bible  Illustrated 
from  the  Monuments;  Living  Religions; 
Old  Heroes;  Beauty  Crowned;  Departed 
Gods;  Light  from  Egypt;  and  Studies 
Upon  the  Life  and  Times  of  Abraham. 

FRANCE,  LEWIS  B.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  He 
is  a  lawyer  and  litterateur  of  Denver; 
and  the  author  of  Over  the  Old  Trail; 
Pine  Valley,  a  volume  of  short  stories; 
and  Mountain  Trails  and  Parks  in  Colo 
rado. 

FRANCHOT,  RICHARD,  civil  engin 
eer,  railroad  president,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1816  in  Morris,  N.  Y.  He  was 
president  of  the  Albany  and  Susquehanna 
Railroad  company;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  thir 
ty-seventh  congress.  He  died  Nov.  23, 
1875,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 


FRANCIS,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  den 
tist,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1828,  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  was  president  and  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  New  York  Odontological 
society,  and  of  the  First  District  Den 
tal  society  of  New  York.  He  also  helped 
to  establish  the  New  York  College  of 
Dentistry. 

FRANCIS,  CONVERS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1795,  in  West 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Watertown,  Mass.,  and  sub 
sequently  Parkman  professor  of  pulpit 
eloquence  at  Harvard  university  in  1843- 
63.  He  was  the  author  of  Life  of  John 
Eliot;  Historical  Sketch  of  Watertown; 
and  Errors  of  Education.  He  died  April 

7,  1863,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

FRANCIS,  DAVID  ROWLAND,  mer 
chant,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1850,  In 
Richmond,  Ky.  In  1885  was  elected  mayor 
of  St.  Louis  and  served  until  1889,  when 
he  was  inaugurated  governor  of  Missouri, 
having  been  elected  to  that  office  the  pre 
ceding  fall.  He  served  as  governor  until 
January,  1893,  and  then  returned  to  St. 
Louis,  where  he  was  engaged  in  commer 
cial  pursuits  until  appointed  secretary  of 
the  interior  in  1896. 

FRANCIS,  HARRY  H.,  journalist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1852,  in  Mich 
igan  City,  Ind.  From  1886  to  1890  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Indiana  state  senate; 
and  was  the  founder  and  publisher  of  the 
Michigan  City  Daily  and  Weekly  Dispatch. 
He  was  state  bank  examiner  from  1890 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  Sept.  15, 
1891. 

FRANCIS,  JAMES  BICHENO,  engineer, 
author,  was  born  May  18,  1815,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  noted  hydraulic  engin 
eer  of  Lowell;  and  the  author  of  Lowell 
Hydraulic  Experiments:  and  The  Strength 
of  Cast  Iron  Columns.  He  died  in  1892. 

FRANCIS,  JOHN  BROWN,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  31, 
1794,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature  from  1821  to 
1829;  state  senator  in  1831;  and  govern 
or  from  1833  to  1838.  He  was  state  sen 
ator  in  1842;  United  States  senator  in  1844 
and  1845,  and  state  senator  again  from 
1849  to  1856.  He  died  Aug.  9,  1864,  in 
Rhode  Island. 

FRANCIS,  JOHN  FRANCIS,  soldier, 
lawyer1,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1839.  He  was 
commissioned  colonel  of  the  eighty-first 
United  States  colored  troops,  served  in  the 
department  of  the  gulf,  and  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  1865.  He 
died  Aug.  31,  1871,  in  Bangor,  Maine. 

FRANCIS,  JOHN  MORGAN,  journalist, 
diplomat,  was  born  March  (J,  1823,  in 
Prattsburgh,  N.  Y.  In  1851  he  estab 
lished  the  Daily  Times  at  Troy.  He  was 
appointed  United  States  minister  to 
Greece  in  1871;  and  was  appointed  United 
States  minister  to  Portugal  in  1882. 

FRANCIS,  JOHN  WAKEFIELD,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1789,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  physician  of 

much  prominence  at 

one  time  in  medical 
and  literary  circles 
of  New  York  city.  He 
was  the  author  of 
Use  of  Mercury; 
Cases  of  Morbid 
Anatomy;  Febrile 
Contagion;  The  An 
atomy  of  Drunken 
ness;  and  Old  New 
York,  a  volume  of 
pleasant  reminis 
cences.  He  died  Feb. 

8,  1861,  in  New  York  city. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


379 


FRANCIS,  JOSEPH,  inventor,  was  born 
March  12,  1801,  in  Boston,  Mass.  To  him 
may  be  conceded  the  first  use  of  iron 
floating  vessels.  In  1850  two  hundred 
persons  were  saved  by  his  life-car  from 
the  British  emigrant  vessel  Ayreshire, 
•which  was  wrecked  on  Swan  Beach. 

FRANCIS,  ORIN  W.,  lawyer,  business 
man,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1848, 
in  Lewis  county,  N.  Y.  He  received  a 
thorough  education  and  graduated  from 
the  high  school  of  Faribault,  Minn.  He  is 
a  successful  lawyer  and  real  estate  dealer 
of  Fargo,  N.  D.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
North  Dakota  in  1896-97,  and  was  chair 
man  of  the  judiciary  committee.  He  was 
president  of  the  first  board  of  trustees  of 
the  North  Dakota  Agricultural  college, 
and  has  held  several  public  positions  of 
honor.  He  received  the  second  highest 
number  of  votes  in  the  republican  legisla 
tive  caucus  for  United  States  senator  in 
January,  1897. 

FRANCIS,  SAMUEL  WARD,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1835,  in  New 
"York  city.  He  was  a  physician  of  New 
York  city  and  subsequently  of  Newport, 
R.  I.  He  was  the  author  of  Mott's  Clin 
ics;  Water;  Inside  and  Out;  Biographi 
cal  Sketches  of  New  York  Surgeons  and 
Physicians;  Life  and  Death;  and  Curious 
Facts  Concerning  Man  and  Nature.  He 
died  March  25,  1886,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

FRANCIS,  TENCH,  merchant,  was  born 
in  Fansley.  Md.  He  became  the  first 
cashier  of  the  Bank  of  North  America, 
•which  office  he  held  until  his  death.  He 
died  May  1,  1800,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FRANCIS,  TENCH,  lawyer.  He  set 
tled  in  Philadelphia,  was  attorney-general 
of  Pennsylvania  from  1741  to  1755,  and 
recorder  of  Philadelphia  from  1750  to  1755. 
He  died  Aug.  16,  1758,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

FRANCIS,  TURBUTT,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1740.  He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
British  army,  but  during  the  revolution 
ary  war  fought  for  independence,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  pur 
chased  one  thousand  acres  of  land  in 
Maryland.  He  died  in  1797. 

FRANCIS,  VALENTINE  MOTT,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  April  25,  1834,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Newport  who  has  published  Hospital  Hy 
giene. 

FRANCIS,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  29,-  1839, 
in  South  Norwalk,  Conn.  He  was  corpor 
ation  counsel  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  in  1871-75; 
and  represented  Essex  county  in  the  New 
Jersey  senate  in  1879-81.  In  1884  he  was 
appointed  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Dakota  territory. 

FRANCISCO,  PETER,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1761.  He  served  as  a  soldier  in 
the  continental  army.  He  saved  the  life 
of  Col.  Mayo,  and  received  a  present  from 
that  officer  of  one  thousand  acres  of  land 
on  Highland  Creek,  Ky.  He  died  in  1832 
in  Richmond,  Va. 

FRANCKE,  KUNO,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1855  in  Schleswig.  He  is  a 
professor  in  Harvard  university;  and  the 
author  of  Social  Forces  in  German  Liter 
ature;  and  A  Study  in  the  History  of 
Civilization. 

FRANK,  AUGUSTUS,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  17,  1826,  in  War 
saw,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-sixth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  and  thirty-eighth  congresses. 


FRANK,  GEORGE  P.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  June  11,  1852,  in  Granville,  N. 
Y.  In  1875  with  his  brother  he  moved  to 
San  Francisco,  where  he  embarked  in  the 
agricultural  implement  business,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Frank  Brothers.  In  1895 
he  was  elected  mayor  of  Portland,  Ore. 

FRANK,  MELVIN  PORTER,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1841,  in  Gray, 
Maine.  He  was  twice  a  member  of  the 
Maine  house  of  representatives,  and  for 
one  term  was  speaker  of  the  house. 

FRANK,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1852,  in 
Peoria,  111.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress  as  a  republican. 

FRANK,  ROYAL  T.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Maine.  He  is  the  successor  of  Gen. 
Merritt  as  commandant  of  Governor's  Is 
land. 

FRANK,  THOMAS,  bishop  coadjutor 
of  Tennessee,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1856,  in 
Jackson,  Miss.  He  was  elected  professor 
of  ecclesiastical  history  in  the  university 
of  the  South  in  1882,  chaplain  of  the  uni 
versity  in  the  following  year,  and  vice- 
chancellor  in  1890. 

FRANKLIN,  B.  J.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Mason  county,  Ky. 
He  served  in  the  confederate  army  as  a 
captain;  and  in  1871  was  elected  circuit 
attorney  for  the  twenty-fourth  circuit  of 
Missouri.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

FRANKLIN,  BENJAMIN,  philosopher, 
statesman,  scientist,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  17,  1706,  in  Boston,  Mass.  After  vari 
ous  vicissitudes, 
whenseventeen  years 
of  age  he  went  to 
Philadelphia, and  be 
came  a  printer.  With 
the  help  of  Gov.  Sir 
William  Keith,  he 
visited  England, 
where  he  remained 
nearly  two  years.  In 
1732  he  commenced 
the  publication  of 
Poor  Richard's  Al 
manac,  which  he  con 
tinued  until  1737;  and  after  that  estab 
lished  a  newspaper.  He  held  the  various 
offices  of  state  printer,  clerk  of  the  gen 
eral  assembly,  and  postmaster  of  Phila 
delphia.  He  was  the  father  and  patron 
of  the  Philosophical  society,  and  of  the 
Pennsylvania  university  and  hospital.  In 
1741  he  published  the  General  Magazine. 
In  1744  he  was  elected  to  the  provincial 
assembly,  holding  the  office  ten  years;  in 
1758  concluded  a  treaty  with  the  Indians 
at  Carlisle.  He  became  postmaster-gen 
eral  of  America.  He  was  sent  to  England 
as  an  advocate  and  agent  for  the  province 
on  two  occasions,  remaining  there  eleven 
years.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  revolu 
tion  he  returned  to  America,  and  took 
an  active  and  important  part  in  public 
affairs;  was  a  signer  of  the  declaration  of 
independence;  a  delegate  to  the  continen 
tal  congress  in  1775  and  1776;  and  in 
1778  was  sent  to  France  in  a  diplomatic 
capacity,  where  he  remained  until  1785. 
He  was  next  elected  governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania  and  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  federal  constitution, 
and  signed  that  instrument.  He  made  im 
portant  disco\eries  in  electricity;  wrote 
and  published  much  on  a  variety  of 
themes,  and  his  Life,  Writings  and  Cor 
respondence,  issued  in  ten  volumes,  are 
an  important  feature  in  all  the  best  li 
braries  of  the  country.  He  died  April  17, 
1790,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


FRANKLIN,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman, 
anther,  was  born  in  1819  in  Rhode  Is 
land.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman 
of  Shrewsbury,  N.  J. ;  and  the  author  of 
The  Creed  and  Modern  Thought;  and  The 
Church  and  the  Era. 

FRANKLIN,  EDWARD  C.,  physician, 
author,  was  born  March  12,  1822,  in 
Flushing,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  promi 
nence  as  a  successful  physician  and  sur 
geon  of  Michigan,  and  served  during  the 
civil  war  as  a  surgeon  of  the  Missouri 
volunteers.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  The  Science  and  Art  of  Surgery. 

FRANKLIN,  JESSE,  soldier,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  March 
24,  1760,  in  Orange  county,  Va.  He  rep 
resented  Virginia  in  congress  from  1795 
to  1797.  and  then  returned  to  the  legisla 
ture.  From  1799  to  1805,  and  from  1807 
to  1813,  he  was  a  United  States  senator. 
In  1820  he  was  elected  governor  of  North 
Carolina.  He  died  in  September,  1823,  in 
Surry  county,  N.  C. 

FRANKLIN,  JOHN,  soldier,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1749,  in  Canaan, 
Conn.  He  was  a  captain  during  the  revolu 
tionary  war;  and  subsequently  was  several 
times  a  member  of  the  Connecticut  as 
sembly.  He  died  March  1,  1831,  in  Athens, 
Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  was  born  July  5,  1853,  in  Macomb,  111. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar;  and  in  1876-77  was  city 
attorney  of  his  native  city.  In  1879  he 
moved  to  Junction  City,  Kas.,  and  the 
following  year  was  elected  state's  attor 
ney  for  Geary  county.  In  1882  he  was 
the  republican  nominee  for  state  senator 
from  that  district;  and  the  same  year  es 
tablished  The  Junction  City  Republican, 
now  one  of  the  leading  papers  of  Kansas. 
In  1885  he  became  connected  with  The 
Record,  and  subsequently  with  The  Jour 
nal,  of  Russell,  Kas.  He  served  for  five 
years  as  a  regent  of  the  State  Normal 
school;  was  city  attorney  of  Russell  in 
1884,  and  the  following  year  was  mayor 
of  the  city.  In  1889  he  was  appointed 
deputy  auditor  in  the  war  department  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  is  now  auditor. 
Since  1893  he  has  made  Toluca  his  place 
of  residence. 

FRANKLIN,  JOHN  P.,  farmer,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  was  born  July  26,  1859, 
in  Clinton,  La.  He  graduated  from  the 
Gammon  seminary  of  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  has 
attained  success  as  a  school  teacher  and  a 
clergyman,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in 
Lumberton,  N.  C. 

FRANKLIN,  JOHN  R.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  6,  1820,  in  Wor 
cester,  Md.  He  served  in  the  state  legis 
lature  of  Maryland  in  1843,  and  also  in 
1849,  when  he  was  elected  speaker.  In 
1851  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  board 
of  public  works  of  the  state;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1853  to  1855. 

FRANKLIN,  MESHACK,  state  senator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1807 
to  1815.  He  served  in  the  house  of  com 
mons  of  that  state  in  1800;  and  in  the 
state  senate  in  1828  and  1829.  He  died 
Dec.  18,  1839,  in  Surry  county,  N.  C. 

FRANKLIN,  ROBERT  STILLMAN, 
state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1836,  in 
Newport,  R.  I.  For  many  years  he  has 
been  secretary  of  the  board  of  health 
of  his  native  city;  president  of  the  com 
mon  council,  and  for  four  terms  was  its 
mayor.  He  served  with  distinction  for 
two  years  in  the  Rhode  Island  state  sen 
ate. 


380 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FRANKLIN,  ROSS  B.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  8,  1863,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  has  traveled  extensively  in  Mexico 
as  a  newspaper  correspondent,  and  was  a 
special  correspondent  for  New  York 
papers  during  the  late  Chilean  war.  He 
is  also  a  poet  of  acknowledged  excellence. 

FRANKLIN,  SAMUEL  RHOADS,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1825,  in  York, 
Pa.  In  1841  he  was  appointed  a  mid 
shipman;  served  in  the  Mexican  war; 
was  a  commander  during  the  civil  war; 
and  in  1880  was  promoted  to  commodore. 
In  1885  he  became  rear  admiral;  and  a 
few  years  later  was  placed  on  the  retired 
list. 

FRANKLIN,  THOMAS  LEVERING, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  10, 
1822,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  of  western  New  York, 
and  more  recently  of  Philadelphia.  His 
writings  include  an  important  work  on 
The  Creed,  and  several  tractates  on  Di 
vorce. 

FRANKLIN.  WALTER  M.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  April  26,  1852,  in 
Lancaster  City,  Pa.  Since  1890  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Lancaster,  Oxford 
and  Southern  railroad. 

FRANKLIN,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  in  1729  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
the  last  royal  governor  of  New  Jersey. 
He  published  several  political  works.  He 
died  Nov.  17,  1813,  in  England. 

FRANKLIN,  WILLIAM  BUEL,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1823,  in 
York,  Pa.  He  served  through  the  Mexi 
can  and  civil  wars, 
and  was  in  the  regu 
lar  service  when  he 
resigned  in  1866.  He 
was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general  and  ma 
jor-general  for  gal 
lant  services  during 
the  war.  For  many 
years  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Colt 
Arms  company  of 
Hartford,  Conn.  He 
was  president  of  the 
National  Home  for  Disabled  Soldiers  in 
1880-87. 

FRANKLIN,  WILLIAM  M.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1820,  in  Mon 
roe  county,  N.  C.  On  his  retirement  from 
the  Indiana  legisla 
ture  he  was  elected 
prosecutor  of  the 
seventh  judicial  cir 
cuit.  Two  years  later 
he  was  elected  judge 
of  the  common  pleas 
court  for  the  district 
composed  of  the 
counties  of  Greene. 
Owen,  Sullivan  and 
Clay,  serving  four 
years.  In  1860  he  was 
again  elected  to  the 
same  position,  and  in  1870  elected  circuit 
judge  of  his  district. 

FRANKLIN,  WILLIAM  TEMPLE,  au 
thor.  He  accompanied  his  grandfather 
to  Paris,  acting  as  his  secretary.  He  pub 
lished  editions  of  Franklin's  works.  He 
died  May  25,  1823,  in  Paris,  France. 

FRANTZ,  MRS.  VIRGINIA,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  in  1838  in  Brandon,  Miss. 
For  many  years  she  has  been  engaged  in 
educational  work;  and  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  entitled  Ina  Greenwood  and  Other 
Poems. 

FRASER,  CHARLES,  artist,  was  born 
Aug.  20,  1782,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  pro 
duced  many  landscape  and  genre  pictures. 
In  1857  his  works  were  exhibited  in 


Charleston.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1860,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

FRASER,  PHILIP,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law  and  settled  at 
Jacksonville,  Fla.;  and  in  1862  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  judge  for  the  north 
ern  district  of  Florida. 

FRASER,  THOMAS  BOONE,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1825,  in 
Sumter  county,  S.  C.  In  1878  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  third  judicial  district 
of  South  Carolina;  in  1877  was  elected 
state  senator. 

FRAZAR,  DOUGLAS,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  1836  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  colonel  in  the  federal  army  during 
the  civil  war,  brevetted  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers  at  the  close  of  the  war,  and 
subsequently  a  citizen  of  Somerville, 
Mass.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Log 
of  the  Maryland;  Perseverance  Island; 
and  Practical  Boat-Sailing.  He  died  in 
1896. 

FRAZEE,  JOHN  sculptor,  was  born 
July  18,  1790,  in  Rahway,  N.  J.  In  1834 
he  modeled  several  busts  of  eminent  men 
for  the  library  of  the  Boston  athenaeum, 
among  which  were  those  of  Daniel  Web 
ster,  Prescott,  Lowell,  Story,  Bowditch, 
and  T.  H.  Perkins.  Subsequently  he  made 
busts  of  John  Marshall,  Lafayette,  De 
Witt  Clinton,  John  Jay,  Gen.  Jackson, 
Bishop  Hobart,  Dr.  Stearns,  and  Dr.  Mil- 
nor.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1852,  in  Comp- 
ton  Mills,  R.  I. 

FRAZER,  JOHN  FRIES,  soldier,  scien 
tist,  was  born  July  8,  1812,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  served  as  a  soldier  during 
the  revolutionary  war.  In  1836  he  became 
a  state  geologist;  and  subsequently  was 
professor  of  chemistry  and  natural  philos 
ophy  in  the  Philadelphia  high  school  and 
other  institutions.  He  died  Oct.  12,  1872, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FRAZER,  PERSIFOR,  geologist,  author, 
born  July  24,  1844,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  a  distinguished  geologist  attached 
to  the  state  geological  survey  of  Penn 
sylvania,  who  has  published  Tables  for  the 
Determination  of  Minerals;  and  The  Geo 
logy  of  Lancaster  County. 

FRAZIER,  SAMUEL  ROBINSON,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  lecturer,  was  born  Feb. 
23,  1846,  in  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio.  Before 
graduation  he  enlisted  three  times  in  the 
union  army,  and  each  time  was  sent  back 
as  too  young;  and  finally  he  went  into  the 
service  of  the  Christian  commission,  and 
was  with  Sherman's  ariny  on  the  march 
to  Atlanta.  He  then  became  a  success 
ful  clergyman,  and  filled  pastorates  in 
Monroe,  near  Cincinnati;  and  six  years 
later  became  pastor  of  the  Third  United 
Presbyterian  church  of  Pittsburg.  In  1879 
he  resigned  and  went  to  Japan.  He  there 
became  acting  secretary  and  interpreter 
in  the  American  legation,  and  taught  in 
the  Osaka  school  and  Imperial  university 
at  Tokio.  In  1883  he  became  pastor  of 
the  First  United  Presbyterian  church  of 
Youngstown,  Ohio,  and  is  still  its  pas 
tor.  In  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  pan- 
presbyterian  council,  which  met  at  Glas 
gow,  Scotland;  and  subsequently  made  his 
second  tour  of  the  world. 

FRAZIER,  WILLIAM  C.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1776  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
territory  of  Wisconsin.  He  died  Oct.  18, 
1838,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

FREAR,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  merchant, 
was  born  March  29.  1841,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 
His  store  is  the  largest  in  Troy,  N.  Y.; 
has  fifty-five  departments;  and  is  known 
by  the  attractive  name  of  Frear's  Troy 
Cash  Bazaar. 


FREDERIC,  HAROLD,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1856  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  novelist  and  journalist  who  has  been 
the  London  correspondent  of  the  New 
York  Times  since  1884.  He  is  the  author 
of  Marsena,  and  Other  Stories;  The  Cop 
perhead;  The  Lawton  Girl;  In  the  Valley; 
Seth's  Brother's  Wife;  The  Damnation  of 
Theron  Ware;  and  March  Hares. 

FREDERICK,  BENJAMIN  TODD,  man 
ufacturer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  5, 
1835,  in  Fredericktown,  Ohio.  In  1882 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Iowa  to  the  forty-eighth  congress,  but 
only  secured  his  seat  on  March  3,  1885, 
after  a  contest;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

FREDERICK,  GEORGE  A.,  architect, 
was  born  Dec.  16,  1842,  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
in  which  city  he  was  educated.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  a  fellow  and  a  director 
in  the  American  Institute  of  Architects. 
For  over  thirty  years  he  has  been  actively 
and  successfully  engaged  in  his  profession 
in  the  city  of  Baltimore.  He  was  archi 
tect  of  the  new  city  hall,  which  cost  two 
and  a  half  millions,  and  is  said  to  be  the 
best  municipal  structure  in  America.  He 
was  architect  of  the  state  house  of  Mary 
land,  and  the  Maryland  state  house  of  cor 
rection;  the  Baltimore  City  college;  St. 
James  Roman  catholic  church;  St.  Pius' 
Roman  catholic  church;  St.  Joseph  hos 
pital;  United  States  Marine  hospital; 
First  National  bank  of  Baltimore;  and  a 
score  of  other  public  buildings  of  Balti 
more. 

FREDET,  PETER,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1801  in  France.  He  was  a 
Roman  catholic  priest  who  came  from 
France  to  America  in  1831,  and  was  pro 
fessor  in  St.  Mary's  seminary  at  Balti 
more  from  that  date  until  his  death.  He 
is  the  author  of  Ancient  History;  Modern 
History;  Original  Texts  and  Translations 
of  the  Bible;  Treatise  on  the  Eucharistic 
Mystery;  Lay  Baptism;  Inspiration  and 
Canon  of  Scripture;  Interpretation  of 
Scripture;  Doctrine  of  Exclusive  Salva 
tion;  Necessity  of  Baptism;  and  Effect  of 
Baptism.  He  died  in  1856  in  Ellicott's 
Mills,  Md. 

FREEDLEY,  EDWIN  TROXELL,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  July  28,  1827,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1845  he  studied  law 
at  Harvard  college;  then  moved  to  Cin 
cinnati;  and  in  1851  settled  in  Philadel 
phia.  For  ten  years  he  published  The 
Manufacturers'  Gazette.  He  is  the  author 
of  Practical  Treatise  on  Business;  The 
Business  Man's  Legal  Adviser;  Leading 
Pursuits  and  Leading  Men;  Philadelphia 
and  Its  Manufactures;  Opportunities  for 
Industry;  Common  Sense  in  Business; 
Home  Comforts;  and  other  works. 

FREEDLEY,  JOHN,  lawyer,  business 
man,  congressman,  was  born  May  22,  1793, 
in  Norristown,  Pa.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1847  to  1851.  He  died  Dec.  8,  1851. 

FREEMAN,  ALICE  ELVIRA,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1855, 
in  Colesville,  N.  Y.  She  was  one  of  the 
pioneers  when  the  university  of  Michigan 
opened  its  doors  to  women.  In  1882  she 
became  president  of  Wellesley  college. 

FREEMAN,  BARNARDUS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1660.  He  was  a  Dutch 
reformed  clergyman  of  Long  Island  who 
came  to  America  in  1700  and  was  especial 
ly  noted  for  his  influence  over  the  In 
dians.  He  was  the  author  of  De  Spizel  der 
Self  Kennis  (Mirror  of  Self-Knowledge) ; 
and  De  Weegshale  der  Gerade  Gods  (Bal 
ance  of  God's  Grace).  He  died  January,. 
1743,  in  New  Utrecht,  L.  I. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


381 


FREEMAN.  CHAPMAN,  naval  officer, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  8, 
1832,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  entered  the 
navy  as  assistant  paymaster  in  1863.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  re 
flected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

FREEMAN,  CHESTER  HAYDEN,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1822, 
in  Williamstown,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  very 
prominent  in  educational  affairs;  has 
been  county  superintendent  of  schools  in 
New  York  and  Michigan.  He  has  attained 
success  as  a  lawyer  of  Bay  City,  Mich., 
where  he  has  been  justice  of  the  peace 
and  prosecuting  attorney  of  his  county. 

FREEMAN,  DANIEL,  capitalist,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  June  30,  1837,  in 
Canada.  He  is  now  the  owner  of  the 
Freeman  block  in  Los  Angeles,  and  is  con 
nected  with  the  Continuous  Brick  Kiln 
company.  During  1892-95  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  local  chamber  of  commerce. 

FREEMAN,  DOSSIE  C.,  poet,  was  born 
Feb.  24,  1872,  in  Bainbridge,  Ohio.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems. 

FREEMAN,  FLORENCE,  sculptor,  was 
born  in  1836  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1862 
she  opened  a  studio  in  Rome,  where  she 
has  spent  her  professional  life.  She  has 
executed  several  bas-reliefs  of  Dante;  a 
bust  of  Sandalphon;  The  Sleeping  Child; 
Thekla,  or  the  Tangled  Skein;  and  several 
chimney-pieces,  one  of  which,  Children 
and  the  Yule  Log  and  Fireside  Spirits, 
was  at  the  centennial  exhibition  in  Phila 
delphia,  in  1876. 

FREEMAN,  FORTUNATUS,  sea-cap 
tain,  was  born  in  England.  He  came  to 
the  United  States  at  an  early  age,  first 
commanded  vessels  sailing  from  Balti 
more,  and  was  subsequently  commander 
of  the  ships  Sea,  Marmion,  Resolute,  Guy 
Mannering,  and  Silas  Wright,  all  of  New 
York.  He  died  July  22,  1874,  in  New 
York  city. 

FREEMAN,  FREDERICK,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1800  in 
Sandwich,  Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman  and  educator  who  was  a  pres- 
byterian  minister  in  the  earlier  portion  of 
his  career.  He  was  the  author  of  History 
of  Cape  Cod;  Annals  of  Barnstable  Coun 
ty;  Freeman  Genealogy;  and  Civiliza 
tion  and  Barbarism  illustrated  by  Espe 
cial  Reference  to  Metacomet  and  the  Ex 
tinction  of  his  Race.  He  died  in  1883  in 
Sandwich,  Mass. 

FREEMAN,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
protestant  episcopal  bishop,  was  born 
June  13,  1789,  in  Sandwich,  Mass.  He  was 
elected  missionary  bishop  of  Arkansas 
and  the  Indian  Territory,  and  was  conse 
crated  in  St.  Peter's  church,  Philadelphia, 
in  1844.  He  died  April  29,  1858,  in  Little 
Rock,  Ark. 

FREEMAN,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  22,  1759,  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.  He  was  the  first  clergyman  in  the 
United  States  to  bear  the  name  Unitarian. 
His  Sermons  and  Charges  were  published 
in  1832.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1835,  in  New 
ton,  Mass. 

FREEMAN,  JAMES  C.,  planter,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  1,  1820,  in 
Jones  county,  Ga.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress,  serving  on  the  com 
mittee  on  land  claims. 

FREEMAN,  JAMES  MIDWINTER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1827  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  methodist  clergyman 
of  New  York  city  who  published  many 
books  for  children  under  the  pseudonym 
Robert  Ranger.  Other  works  of  his  in 


clude  Illustration  in  Sunday-School 
Teaching;  Handbook  of  Bible  Manners 
and  Customs;  Short  History  of  the  Eng 
lish  Bible;  and  Book  of  Books. 

FREEMAN,  JOHN  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  removed  to 
Mississippi;  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1851  to  1853. 

FREEMAN,  JONATHAN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1745.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1797  to  1801 ;  and  from  1789  to  1797 
was  a  state  councilor.  He  died  in  1808. 

FREEMAN,  NATHANIEL,  soldier,  phy 
sician,  congressman,  was  born  April, 
1741,  in  Dennis,  Mass.  He  performed  vari 
ous  services  in  the  legislature  and  as  a 
brigadier-general  of  militia.  He  was  also 
a  judge  of  probate  for  forty-seven  years, 
and  a  judge  of  the  common  pleas  for 
thirty  years.  He  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1795  to 
1799.  He  died  Sept.  20,  1827,  in  Sandwich, 
Mass. 

FREEMAN,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  June  15,  1743,  in  Port 
land,  Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
provincial  congress  in  1775;  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  house  of  representatives  in  1776 
and  1778;  and  in  1775,  on  the  reorgani 
zation  of  the  courts,  was  appointed  clerk, 
and  held  that  office  forty-five  years.  He 
was  register  of  probate  until  commis 
sioned  judge  in  1804,  continuing  until 
1820;  was  postmaster  of  Portland  from 
1776  to  1805;  and  an  efficient  friend  of 
Bowdoin  college.  He  published  The  Town 
Officer;  The  Massachusetts  Justice;  and 
Probate  Directory.  He  edited  the  Journal 
of  Rev.  Thomas  Smith  in  1821.  He  died 
Sept.  2,  1831,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

FREEMAN,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  manu 
facturer,  lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1822. 
in  Portland,  Maine.  During  1861-68  he 

was  deputy  collector 

for  the  port  of  Cher- 
ryfield,  Maine;  and 
was  also  inspector 
for  measuring  ves 
sels.  During  1880- 
85  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  legisla 
ture.  He  has  held 
various  offices  of 
trust  in  his  town, 
county  and  state; 
and  since  1891  has 
been  a  member  of 
the  Farmers'  National  congress,  under  ap 
pointments  and  commissions  from  the 
governors  of  Maine;  and  is  the  vice-presi 
dent  of  that  body  for  the  state  of  Maine; 
and  for  two  years  was  its  treasurer.  He 
has  been  a  successful  lawyer,  manufac 
turer  of  lumber,  and  is  now  interested 
in  agricultural  pursuits.  While  deputy  col 
lector  of  customs  he  seized  a  blockade 
runner  in  the  employ  of  the  confederacy. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  work  on  the  life 
and  services  of  his  grandfather,  Samuel 
Freeman. 

FREEMAN,  WILLIAM  GRIGSBY,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1815  in  Virginia.  He 
was  chief  of  staff  to  Gen.  Scott,  com 
manding  the  army  headquarters  at  New 
York.  He  was  brevetted  major  in  1847, 
and  lieutenant-colonel  in  1848.  He  died 
Nov.  12,  1866,  in  Cornwall,  Pa. 

FREEMAN,  WILLIAM  L.,  physician, 
surgeon,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1856, 
in  Page  county,  Iowa.  He  has  attained 
eminence  in  his  profession  in  the  state 
of  Washington  at  La  Center;  and  in  1897- 
98  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature. 


FREER,  CHARLES  H.,  elocutionist,  po 
et,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1849,  in  Washington 
county,  Wis.  He  is  a  painter  and  decor 
ator  of  Blue  Earth, 
Minn.  Most  of  his 
writings  are  of  an 
elocutionary  style, 
composed  purposely 
for  recitations  and 
character  speaking. 
His  poems  have  re 
ceived  exte  n  s  i  v  e 
publication  in  the 
periodical  press.  In 
1892  appeared  a  vol 
ume  of  his  poems 
from  the  press  of  the 

American  Publishers'  association,  entitled 
The  Missionary,  which  has  received  high 
praise  from  the  press  and  public  general 
ly.  Charles  H.  Freer  is  often  called  the 
poet-soldier,  and  is  a  universal  favorite 
of  the  old  veterans  down  in  Blue  Earth 
county.  Minn.  He  is  a  fine  elocutionist 
and  recites  some  of  his  poems  at  pub 
lic  entertainments. 

FREER,  FREDERICK  W.,  artist,  was 
born  June  16,  1849,  in  Chicago,  111.  He 
studied  at  the  Royal  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts  of  Munich,  and  has  become  distin 
guished  as  a  genre  and  portrait  painter. 
FRELIGH,  LOUIS  HENRY,  composer, 
was  born  July  1,  1838,  in  Mechanicsville, 
N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  about  fifty 
piano  pieces  and  songs;  and  is  a  success 
ful  pianist  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

FRELINGHUYSEN,  FREDERICK,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April 
13,  1753,  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  captain 
of  a  volunteer  corps  of  artillery  at  the 
battles  of  Trenton  and  Monmouth,  and  it 
is  said  that  it  was  he  who  killed  Rhalle, 
the  Hessian  commander  at  Trenton.  He 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  1793  to 
1796.  He  died  April  13,  1804. 

FRELINGHUYSEN,  FREDERICK  THE 
ODORE,  lawyer,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Aug.  4,  1817,  in  Millstown,  N.  J. 
He  was  appointed  attorney  general  of  New 
Jersey  in  1861,  and  reappointedin  1866.  He 
was  subsequently  appointed  a  senator  in 
congress  from  New  Jersey  to  fill  a  va 
cancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  senate 
for  the  term  ending  in  1875.  He  was 
again  re-elected  to  the  senate  for  the  un- 
expired  term  ending  in  18.77;  and  in  1881 
was  appointed  secretary  of  state  in  the 
cabinet  of  President  Arthur.  He  died 
May  20,  1885,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

FRELINGHUYSEN,  JOHN,  was  born  in 
1727  in  Three  Mile  Run,  N.  J.  He  under 
took  the  education  of  young  men  for  the 
ministry,  and  to  his  labors  in  this  direc 
tion  Queen's  college,  now  Rutgers,  is 
largely  indebted  for  its  establishment.  He 
died  in  September,  1754,  in  Long  Island. 
FRELINGHUYSEN,  JOHN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  March  21. 
1776,  near  Millstone,  N.  J.  For  many  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  state  council, 
and  for  fifteen  years  was  surrogate  of  his 
county.  During  the  war  of  1812  he  was 
promoted  brigadier-general.  He  died  April 
10,  1833,  in  Millstone,  N.  J. 

FRELINGHUYSEN,  THEODORE,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  28,  1787,  in  Millstown,  N.  J.  He 
was  attorney  general  of  New  Jersey  from 
1818  to  1829;  a  presidential  elector  in 
1829;  and  a  senator  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1829  to  1835.  He  was  chan 
cellor  of  the  university  of  New  York  from 
1839  to  1850.  He  was  the  candidate  of 
the  Whig  party  for  vice-president  upon 
the  ticket  with  Henry  Clay;  and  in  1850 
was  elected  president  of  Rutgers  college, 
where  he  officiated  until  his  death.  He 
died  April  12,  1862,  in  New  Brunswick. 


382 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FREMONT,  MRS.  JESSIE  BENTON, 
author,  was  born  in  1824  in  Virginia.  She 
is  a  resident  of  Los  Angeles;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Story  of  the  Guard,  a  Chron 
icle  of  the  War;  A  Year  of  American 
Travel;  Souvenirs  of  My  Time;  Sketch  of 
Senator  Benton;  Far  West  Sketches;  and 
Will  and  the  Way  Stories. 

FREMONT,  JOHN  CHARLES,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1813,  in  Sa 
vannah,  Ga.  He  was  a  famous  soldier  and 
politician  who  in  1856  was  the  first  re 
publican  candidate  for  the  presidency,  and 
served  during  the  civil  war  as  a  major- 
general  in  the  federal  army.  He  was  the 
author  of  Report  of  the  Exploring  Expe 
dition  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  1842, 
and  to  Oregon  and  Northern  California  in 
1843-44;  Fremont's  Explorations;  and 
Memoirs  of  My  Life.  He  died  in  1890. 

FRENCH,  A.  C.,  lawyer,  governor,  was 
born  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  for  sev 
eral  years  the  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  McEndree  college,  111.,  and 
professor  of  law  in  that  institution.  He 
was  governor  of  Illinois  from  1846  to  1853. 
He  died  Sept.  4,  1864,  in  Lebanon,  III. 

FRENCH,  ALICE,  author,  was  born 
March  19,  1850,  in  Andover,  Mass.  She  is 
a  writer  of  novels  and  short  stories 
whose  home  has  been  in  Davenport,  Iowa, 
and  also  in  Arkansas.  She  is  the  author 
of  Knitters  in  the  Sun;  Otto  the  Knight, 
and  other  Trans-Mississippi  Stories; 
Stories  of  a  Western  Town;  An  Adven 
ture  in  Photography;  and  Expiation. 

FRENCH,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  8,  1799,  in  Richmond, 
Va.  He  was  a  writer  of  New  Orleans  and 
subsequently  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Biographia  Americana;  Me 
moirs  of  Eminent  Female  Writers;  His 
torical  Collections  of  Louisiana;  His 
tory  of  the  Iron  Trade  in  the  United 
States;  and  Historical  Annals  of  North 
America.  He  died  May  30,  1877,  in  New 
York  city. 

FRENCH,  C.  E.  G.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  California,  and 
in  1875  was  appointed  from  that  state  as 
chief  justice  for  the  United  States  court 
for  the  territory  of  Utah. 

FRENCH,  CARLOS,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1835,  in  Sey 
mour,  Conn.  In  1859  he  undertook  the 
manufacture  of  car  springs  in  Seymour, 
Conn.,  and  has  gradually  acquired  an  in 
terest  in  a  variety  of  other  profitable 
manufactures  in  that  vicinity  and  the 
state.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Connecti 
cut  house  of  representatives  in  1860  and 
1868;  and  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

FRENCH,  CHARLES  GRAFTON  WIL- 
BERTON,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1820,  in  Berkeley, 
Mass.  He  was  for  many  years  trustee  of 
the  state  library  of  Sacramento,  Cal.;was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1872;  and  in  1875  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Arizona, 
and  was  reappointed  in  1880. 

FRENCH,  DANIEL  CHESTER,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  April  20,  1850,  in  Exeter, 
N.  H.  His  sculptures  include  The  Minute 
Man  of  Concord,  an  heroic  statue  in 
bronze,  which  was  unveiled  in  Concord 
in  1875;  The  May  Queen;  Elsie  Venner; 
The  Waking  of  Endymion;  and  a  life- 
size  statue  of  Gen.  Lewis  Cass,  for  the 
National  Memorial  gallery  at  Washing 
ton. 

FRENCH,  EDWIN  RUTHVEN,  clergy 
man,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1828,  in  Chesterville,  Maine.  He  has 
served  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
Maine  state  senate. 


FRENCH,  EZRA  B.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Hampshire.  He  became  sec 
retary  of  state  of  Maine;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  Maine  to  the  thirty-sixth 
congress.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
peace  congress  of  1861;  and  was  appoint 
ed  second  auditor  of  the  United  States 
treasury.  He  died  April  24,  1880. 

FRENCH,  FRANCIS  ORMOND,  ban 
ker,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1837,  in  Chester, 
N.  H.  In  1867  he  was  a  member  of  the 
banking  firm  of  Foote  and  French;  and 
in  1888  became  president  of  the  Man 
hattan  Trust  company  of  New  York  city. 
FRENCH,  GEORGE  BRADFORD,  man 
ufacturer,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  July 
28,  1853,  in  Randolph,  Mass.  His  father, 
Calvin  French,  was  for  more  than  forty 
years  a  leading  manufacturer  of  shoes  and 
prominent  in  local  affairs.  His  education 
was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
town,  the Chautauqua  course  at  the  Boston 
University  Law  school,  and  in  the  office 
of  Judge  Charles  J.  Mclntire.  From  1873 
to  1880  Mr.  French  was  associated  with 
his  father  in  manufacturing,  but  since  1885 
has  practiced  law;  and  since  1887  haa 
been  connected  with  the  law  department 
of  the  city  of  Cambridge.  In  local  affairs 
he  has  gained  prominence,  having  served 
several  years  as  one  of  the  trustees  of  the 
public  library,  as  collector  of  taxes,  and 
as  special  justice.  He  was  one  of  the  or 
ganizers  in  1891  of  the  Commercial  club, 
and  has  ever  since  acted  as  its  secretary, 
and  holds  that  position  in  several  other 
societies.  Jn  politics  he  is  a  republican, 
and  in  1882,  1883  and  1884  was  the  chair 
man  of  the  town  committee. 

FRENCH,  GEORGE  H.,  merchant,  state 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1820,  in  Junius, 
N.  Y.  For  awhile  he  was  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work;  and 
in  1848  became  a 
merchant  at  Homer, 
Mich.  He  has  filled 
numerous  local  of 
fices,  and  has  taken 
a  prominent  part  in 
the  public  affairs  of 
his  city,  county  and 
state.  During  1861- 
64  he  served  with 
distinctionasa  mem 
ber  of  the  Michigan 
state  senate  from  Cal- 
houn  county;  and  while  in  the  senate  he 
introduced  the  first  resolution  to  free  the 
slaves  as  a  war  measure.  He  also  intro 
duced  the  resolution  which  resulted  in  the 
roll  of  honor,  a  lasting  record  of  the  sol 
diers  who  died  for  the  union. 

FRENCH,  GEORGE  HAZEN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  19,  1841,  in  Onon- 
daga  county,  N.  Y.  Since  1878  he  has 
been  curator  of  the  museum  of  the  south 
ern  Illinois  State  Normal  university  of 
Carbondale,  111.  He  is  the  author  of  But 
terflies  of  Eastern  United  States,  besides 
a  great  many  articles  contributed  to  lead 
ing  entomological  journals. 

FRENCH,  HENRY  FLAGG,  banker, 
lawyer,  jurist,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  14,  1813,  in  Chester,  N.  H. 
He  was  appointed  assistant  district 
attorney  for  Suffolk  county  in  1862, 
and  held  the  office  until  1865,  when  he 
was  elected  the  first  president  of  the 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  college.  In 
1876  he  was  appointed  assistant  secretary 
of  the  United  States  treasury,  at  Wash 
ington,  and  continued  in  that  office  under 
successive  administrations.  In  1857  he 
published  a  treatise  on  Farm  Drainage. 

FRENCH,  HENRY  WILLARD,  lectur 
er,  author,  was  born  in  1853  in  Connecti 
cut.  He  is  a  lecturer  and  miscellaneous 
writer  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Art 


and  Artists  in  Connecticut;  Our  Boys  ia 
China;  Our  Boys  in  India;  Through  Arc 
tics  and  Tropics;  Gems  of  Genius;  Nuna. 
the  Brahmin  Girl;  Lance  of  Kehama;  Os 
car  Peterson;  Colonel  Thorndike's  Adven 
tures;  and  the  novels,  The  Only  One;  Cas 
tle  Foam;  and  Ego. 

FRENCH,  JOHN  R.,  journalist,  public 
official,  congressman,  was  born  May  28, 
1819,  in  Gilmanton,  N.  H.  He  removed  to> 
Ohio  in  1854,  and  there  edited  newspa 
pers  called  the  Telegraph,  the  Press,  and 
the  Cleveland  Leader.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Ohio  legislature  in  1858  and  1859;  and 
in  1861  was  appointed  a  government  clerk 
in  Washington.  In  1864  he  was  a  tax 
commissioner  for  North  Carolina.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1867;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
fortieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

FRENCH,  JOHN  RAYMOND,  educator, 

was  born  April  21,  1825,  in  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 

In  1849  he  graduated  from  Union  college; 

and  subsequently  at- 

I^Him^^K  tained  success  in  ed 
ucational  work.  In 
1859  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  be 
gan  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in 
Mexico,  N.  Y.  In  1864 
he  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  mathematics 
in  Genesee  college  of 
Lima,  N.  Y.,  which 
was  subsequently 
merged  into  the  Sy 
racuse  university;  and  since  1872  until 
his  death  he  was  dean  of  its  College  of 
Liberal  Arts. 

FRENCH,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1810  in 
Connecticut.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Washington  in  1842-56,  and 
from  the  latter  date  till  his  death  profes 
sor  of  ethics  at  West  Point.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  work  on  Practical  Ethics.  He 
died  July  8,  1871,  in  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

FRENCH, MRS.  L.  VIRGINIA  [SMITH], 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1830  in  Vir 
ginia.  She  is  a  writer  and  educator  of 
Memphis;  and  the  author  of  Wind  Whis 
pers,  a  collection  of  poems;  Legend  of 
the  South;  Iztalixo,  a  Tragedy;  and  My 
Roses,  the  Romance  of  a  June  Day.  She 
died  March  31,  1881,  in  McMinnville,  Tenn. 
FRENCH,  MANSFIELD,  clergyman, 
educator,  college  president,  journalist, 
was  born  Feb.  21,  1810,  in  Manchester,  Vt. 
He  was  the  founder  of  Marietta  college, 
Granville  Female  seminary,  and  princi 
pal  of  Circleville  Female  college,  Ohio. 
He  was  president  of  the  Xenia  Female 
college  and  agent  for  Wesleyan  univer 
sity.  He  died  March  15,  1876,  in  Pear- 
sails,  L.  I. 

FRENCH,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He 
became  a  prominent  judge  in  that  state, 
and  the  town  of  Frenchburg  was  named  for 
him.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature 
from  Clark  county  in  1820  and  1822;  a 
presidential  elector  for  Jackson  in  1829; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1835  to  1837;  and  again  from  1847  to  1849. 
FRENCH,  SAMUEL  GIBBS,  soldier, 
planter,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1818,  in  Glou 
cester  county,  N.  J.  In  1843  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  United  States  Military  acad 
emy.  He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  third 
regiment  of  the  United  States  artillery 
in  the  war  with  Mexico;  became  a  cap 
tain  in  the  general  staff  in  1848;  resigned 
in  1856;  and  then  became  a  planter  near 
Greenville,  Miss.  He  was  a  major-general 
in  the  confederate  army  during  the  civil 
war;  and  served  gallantly  in  thirty-five 
battles.  He  now  lives  in  Pensacola,  Fla. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


383 


FRENCH,  SEWARD,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  28,  1856,  in  East  Bloomfield,  N.  Y. 
He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  prepared  for 
Hamilton  college  at 
the  Canandaigua 
[  academy.  He  became 
master  in  the  public 
schools;  was  deputy 
sheriff,  and  obtained 
prominence  as  a  de- 
H  teeth  e.  As  a  lawyer 
he  soon  attained  suc 
cess,  especially  in 
criminal  cases,  i  n 
which  he  has  gained 
a  national  reputa 
tion.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  North  Dakota  at  Milnor.  He  has  suc 
cessfully  defended  three  homicide  cases; 
and  always  shows  tact  and  tenacity  in  his 
profession. 

FRENCH,  THOMAS  N.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1837,  in 
Randolph,  Mass.  In  1884  he  founded  The 
Commercial  Advertiser  and  Gazette  of  La- 
Fayette,  Ind.,  of  which  he  was  editor  and 
owner;  and  in  1886  became  the  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Times  of  Alexandria,  Ind. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Alexandria; 
and  in  1894  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace. 

FRENCH,  WILLIAM  A.,  lumber  mer 
chant,  manufacturer,  legislator,  was  born 
March  2,  1849,  in  Pelham,  Ontario,  Cana 
da.  During  1882-83  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  legislature.  He  has  attained  success 
as  a  lumber  merchant  and  manufacturer 
at  Dundee,  Mich.  In  1894  he  was  ap 
pointed  state  land  commissioner  by  Gov 
ernor  John  T.  Rich;  and  has  since  been 
nominated  and  elected  twice  to  the  same 
position,  his  last  term  expiring  on  Jan.  1, 
1899. 

FRENCH,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1815,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  an  officer  who  served 
in  the  army  of  the  United  States  during 
the  Mexican,  Seminole,  and  civil  wars. 
His  only  published  work  is  a  manual  of 
Instruction  for  Field  Artillery.  He  died 
March  20,  1881,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

FRENEAU,  PHILIP,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1752,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  the  author  of  Poems  of 
Philip  Freneau,  written  chiefly  during 
the  Late  War  (1786) ;  Poems  Written  be 
tween  the  Years  1768  and  1794;  Poems 
Written  and  Published  during  the  Ameri 
can  Revolution;  and  Collection  of  Poems 
on  American  Affairs.  Among  his  prose 
writings  are,  The  Philosopher  of  the  For 
est;  and  Essays  by  Robert  Slender.  He 
died  Dec.  18,  1832,  near  Freehold,  N.  J. 

FREW,  CALVIN  HAMILL,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1836,  in  Cleve 
land,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools 
and  the  Beaver  acad 
emy;  and  attended 
the  Vermillion  insti 
tute  of  Haysville, 
Ohio,  for  one  year. 
He  entered  educa 
tional  work  and  was 
principal  of  several 
schools  in  Illinois; 
and  attained  success 
in  educational  work. 
He  served  as  a  repre 
sentative  in  the 
twenty-sixth,  twenty-seventh,  and  thirty- 
first  general  assemblies  of  Illinois  with 
distinction.  In  1873-74  he  was  alderman 
of  Paxton,  111.;  and  in  1896  was  again 
elected  to  the  same  office,  with  the  largest 
majority  ever  attained  before. 


FREY,  ALBERT  ROMER,  author,  was 
born  in  1858,  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
writer  of  New  York  city  upon  Shakes- 
perean  and  dramatic  topics,  who  has  also 
published  a  work  upon  Sobriquets  and 
Nicknames. 

FREY,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1827 
to  1831. 

FREY,  JOSEPH  SAMUEL  CHRISTIAN 
FREDERICK,  missionary,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1773,  in  Germany.  He 
was  for  some  ten  years  a  presbyterian 
minister  and  subsequently  a  baptist 
preacher,  especially  active  as  a  missionary 
to  the  Jews.  He  was  the  author  of  Nar 
rative  of  My  Life;  Hebrew  Bible;  He 
brew  Grammar;  Judah  and  Israel;  Joseph 
and  Benjamin;  The  Passover;  and  Scrip 
ture  Types.  He  died  June  5,  1850,  in  Pon- 
tiac,  Mich. 

FRICK,  CHARLES,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  8,  1823,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
In  1847  he  organized  the  Maryland  Medi 
cal  institute;  and  subsequently  filled 
chairs  in  various  medical  institutions.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  volume  on  Renal  Dis 
eases.  He  died  March  25,  I860,  in  Balti 
more,  Md. 

FRICK,  HENRY,  journalist,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1795,  in  Northumber 
land  county,  Pa.  He  became  an  editor  of 
a  newspaper  at  Milton;  served  for  three 
sessions  in  the  state  legislature;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania.  He  died  March  1,  1844,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

FRICK,  JOHN  HENRY,  soldier,  educa 
tor,  legislator,  author,  was  born  March  13, 
1845,  in  Clay  county,  Mo.  He  served  as  a 
soldier  in  the  civil  war;  and  from  1871 
to  the  present  time  has  been  professor  of 
mathematics  and  natural  science. 

FRIEDLEY,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1840, 
in  Harrison  county,  Ind.  He  entered  the 
army  as  a  private  in  company  K,  fourth 
Iowa  infantry;  and  he  was  immediately 
elected  first  lieutenant.  In  1870  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  legis 
lature.  He  served  through  a  term  of  four 
years  as  senator. 

FRIES,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1845  to  1847,  and  for  a  second  term  ending 
in  1849.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1866. 

FRIEZE,  HENRY  SIMMONS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1817,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  professor  of  Latin 
in  the  university  of  Michigan  from  1854 
until  his  death.  He  published  editions  of 
Quintilian  and  Virgil's  ^Eneid,  and  was 
the  author  of  The  Story  of  Giovanni  Du- 
pre.  He  died  Sept.  7,  1889,  in  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich. 

FRINK,  JOHN,  physician,  justice,  was 
born  Sept.  7,  1731,  in  Rutland,  Mass.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  that 
framed  the  constitution'  of  Massachusetts, 
and  the  first  president  of  the  Worcester 
County  Medical  society.  He  died  in  1807, 
in  Rutland,  Mass. 

FRISBIE,  LEVI,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  6,  1748,  in  Branford,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Ipswich,  Mass.,  who  published  Sermons 
and  Orations.  He  died  in  1806,  in  Ips 
wich,  Mass. 

FRISBIE,  LEVI,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  15,  1783,  in  Ipswich,  Mass.  He 
was  a  tutor  and  professor  at  Harvard  col 
lege  from  1805  till  his  death;  and  the 
author  of  Miscellaneous  Writings  of  Pro 
fessor  Frisbie,  edited  with  Memoir  by  An 
drews  Norton.  He  died  in  1822. 


FRISBY,  EDGAR,  educator,  astrono-- 
mer,  author,  was  born  May  22,  1837,  in 
England.  He  was  sent  to  California  by 
the  United  States  government  to  observe 
the  total  solar  eclipse  on  Jan.  11,  1880. 
His  principal  work  is  the  computation  of 
the  orbit  of  the  great  comet  of  1882. 

FRISTOE,  EDWARD  T.,  soldier,  educa 
tor,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1830,  in  Rappahan- 
nock  county,  Va.  In  1860  he  was  called 
to  the  professorship  of  mathematics  and 
astronomy  in  the  state  university  of  Mis 
souri.  Two  years  later  he  entered  the 
confederate  army  as  assistant  adjutant- 
general,  and  was  constantly  promoted. 

FRITSCHEL,  CONRAD  SIGMUND,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  2, 
1833,  in  Bavaria.  He  has  published  Iowa 
and  Missouri,  a  controversial  pamphlet, 
and  a  number  of  essays,  sermons,  etc. 
With  his  brother,  he  has  edited,  since 
1876,  Kirchliche  Zeitschrift,  a  theological 
bimonthly  magazine, 

FRITSCHEL,  GOTTFRIED  LEON- 
HARD  WILHELM,  educator,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1836,  in  Bavaria. 
He  is  a  lutheran  clergyman  who  came 
from  Germany  to  the  United  States  in 
1857,  and  has  been  professor  of  theology 
in  the  seminary  at  Mendota,  111.,  since 
that  time.  He  has  published  Meditations 
on  the  Passion  of  Christ;  and  History  of 
Protestant  Missions  among  North  Ameri 
can  Indians  in  the  Seventeenth  and 
Eighteenth  Centuries. 

FRITTER,  ENOCH  ABRAM,  educator, 
lecturer,  was  born  May  25,  1855,  near 
Lancaster,  Ohio.  In  1869  he  moved  to 

Illinois;    and  in  1872 

began  his  career  as 
a  teacher.  In  1884 
!  he  entered  the  Illi 
nois  State  Normal 
university,  from 
which  institution  he 
graduated  in  1889; 
and  in  1892  received 
the  degree  of  A.  B. 
from  Findlay  col 
lege  of  Ohio.  He 
was  superintendent 
of  city  schools  in 

Assumption,  Warren  and  Monticello,  111.; 
principal  of  the  normal  department  of 
Findlay  college;  and  is  now  superinten 
dent  of  city  schools  of  Normal,  111.  As 
an  instructor  in  teachers'  institutes  he  has 
been  eminently  successful;  and  has  lec 
tured  extensively  on  educational  subjects. 

FROEHLICH,  WILLIAM  H.,  merchant, 
legislator,  was  born  June  22,  1857,  in  Jack 
son,  Wis.,  his  present  home.  He  received 
his  education  in  the 
public,  private  and 
parochial  schools  of 
his  native  town,  and 
graduated  from  the 
Spencerian  Business 
college  of  Milwau 
kee,  Wis.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  was 
employed  in  Milwau 
kee,  and  since  1880 
has  been  a  dealer  in 
general  merchandise 
and  grain  in  his  na 
tive  city.  He  was  postmaster  during 
1881-93;  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace 
since  1887;  and  a  member  of  the  school 
board  since  1891.  Since  1893  he  has  been 
town  clerk;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
assembly  of  the  Wisconsin  state  legisla 
ture  in  1894,  and  received  the  re-election 
in  1896.  During  his  second  term  he  was 
chairman  of  the  dairy  and  food  commit 
tee,  and  was  very  active  in  passing  im 
portant  dairy  and  pure  food  laws. 


384 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FROELICH,  SOLOMON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  29,  1750,  in  Red  Hook, 
N.  Y.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Trial 
of  Universal  Charity  by  a  Jury;  and  other 
religious  works.  He  died  Oct.  8,  1827,  in 
New  Jersey. 

FROMENTIN,  ELIGIUS,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  United  States  senator.  He  was  a 
senator  of  the  United  States  from  Louis 
iana  from  1813  to  1819;  and  in  1821  was 
judge  of  the  criminal  court  of  New  Or 
leans,  and  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
western  district  of  Florida.  He  died  Oct. 
6,  1822,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

FRONABARGER,  BENJAMIN 
FRANKLIN,  educator,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  March  10,  1860,  in 
Butler  county,  Ala.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Masonic  Male  and  Female 
institute,  and  at  the  Eagleville  college, 
Tennessee.  He  has  attained  success  as 
a  baptist  clergyman,  and  has  filled  pas 
torates  in  four  churches.  Since  1885  he 
has  been  president  of  the  Springtown 
Male  and  Female  institute1,  Texas,  and 
still  fills  that  position. 

FROST,  CHARLES  CHRISTOPHER, 
botanist,  author,  was  born  in  1806,  in 
Brattleboro,  Vt.  He  devoted  his  leisure 
hours  to  astronomy,  geology,  mineralogy, 
meteorology,  and  botany,  especially  the 
last  named  study,  to  which  he  gave  the 
last  half  of  his  life.  He  was  joint  author 
with  Edward  Tuckerman  of  a  Catalogue 
of  Plants  growing  without  Cultivation 
within  Thirty  Miles  of  Amherst  College. 
He  died  in  1880. 

FROST,  GEORGE,  jurist,  was  born 
April  26,  1720,  in  New  Castle,  N.  H.  He 
was  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
of  Stafford  county  from  1773  to  1791;  was 
for  many  years  chief  justice;  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1777  to  1779,  and  councilor  from  1781  to 
1784.  He  died  June  21,  1796,  in  Durham, 
N.  H. 

FROST,  JOEL,  congressman,  was  born 
in  New  York.  He  served  in  the  state 
assembly  in  1806  and  1808;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1823  to  1825. 

FROST,  JOHN,  soldier,  jurist,  was  born 
May  5,  1738,  in  Kittery,  Maine.  He  served 
in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  colonel.  He  was  appointed  one 
of  the  justices  of  the  court  of  sessions  in 
York  county,  Maine,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  council  of  the  governor  of  Massachu 
setts.  He  died  in  July,  1810,  in  Kittery, 
Maine. 

FROST,  JOHN,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1800,  in  Kennebunk,  Maine. 
He  was  an  educator  of  Philadelphia;  and 
the  author  of  Beauties  of  English  His 
tory;  Beauties  of  French  History;  Wild 
Scenes  in  a  Hunter's  Life;  Pioneer  Moth 
ers  in  the  West;  The  Presidents  of  the 
United  States;  Pictorial  History  of  the 
United  States;  and  History  of  the  World. 
He  died  Dec.  28,  1859,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FROST,  MARGARET  FULTON  AL- 
C'ORN,  educator,  philanthropist,  was  born 
in  1809,  in  Ireland.  She  attained  success 
in  educational  work  as  principal  of  the 
Westerly  academy,  Rhode  Island;  and  as 
principal  of  the  Seabury  seminary  of  New 
York  city.  She  was  a  philanthropist,  and 
a  pioneer  for  woman's  advancement;  was 
one  of  the  first  women  of  her  time  to 
obtain  a  classical  education,  and  through 
out  her  life  worked  for  temperance,  peace 
and  social  purity.  She  died  in  1891. 

FROST,  RICHARD  GRAHAM,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1851,  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-sixth 
and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat. 


FROST,  RUFUS  SMITH,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  July 
18,  1826,  in  Marlborough,  N.  H.  He  was 
state  senator  in  1871  and  1872;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  governor's  council  in  1873 
and  1875.  He  was  for  many  years  a  di 
rector  of  the  North  National  bank  of  Bos 
ton,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Boston  Five  Cent 
Savings  bank.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress. 

FROST,  WILLIAM  GOODELL,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  July  2,  1854,  in  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.  During 
1879-91  he  was  professor  of  Greek  in  the 
Oberlin  college;  and  since  1892  has  been 
president  of  Berea  college,  Ky. 

FROTHINGHAM,  ELLEN,  author,  was 
born  March  25,  1835,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
She  has  published  several  fine  translations 
from  Lessing,  Auerbach,  Goethe,  and 
Grillparzer. 

FROTHINGHAM,  JAMES,  painter,  was 
born  in  1781,  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  His 
works  had  sale  chiefly  in  New  York  and 
Salem.  His  copy  of  Stuart's  Washington 
was  much  admired,  and  his  original  port 
raits  were  praised  for  fidelity  of  color 
ing.  He  died  Jan.  6,  1864. 

FROTHINGHAM,  NATHANIEL  LANG- 
DON,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  July 
23,  1793,  in  Boston.  Mass.  He  was  a  uni- 
tarian  clergyman  of  Boston  whose  writing 
displays  singular  grace  and  refinement.  He 
was  the  author  of  Deism  or  Christianity; 
Sermons  in  the  Order  of  a  Twelvemonth; 
and  Metrical  Pieces,  Original  and  Trans 
lated.  He  died  April  3,  1870,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

FROTHINGHAM,  OCTAVIUS  BROOKS, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1822, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  at  one  period 
art  critic  for  the  New  York  Tribune.  He 
was  the  author  of  Stories  from  the  Lips 
of  the  Teacher;  Stories  from  the  Old  Tes 
tament;  The  Religion  of  Humanity;  The 
Cradle  of  the  Christ;  Memoir  of  W.  H. 
Channing;  The  Safest  Creed;  Beliefs  of 
the  Unbelievers;  Creed  and  Conduct;  The 
Spirit  of  the  New  Faith;  The  Rising  and 
the  Setting  Faith;  Visions  of  the  Fu 
ture;  Lives  of  Gerrit  Smith,  George  Rip- 
ley,  Theodore  Parker;  History  of  New 
England  Transcendentalism;  Boston  Uni- 
tarianism;  and  Recollections  and  Impres 
sions.  He  died  in  1895. 

FROTHINGHAM,  RICHARD,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1812,  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.  He  was  a  journalist  and  lo 
cal  historian  of  Charlestown,  Mass.;  and 
the  author  of  History  of  the  Siege  of  Bos 
ton;  The  Rise  of  the  Republic;  History 
of  Charlestown;  Life  of  General  Joseph 
Warren;  and  The  Command  in  the  Bat 
tle  of  Bunker  Hill.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1880, 
in  Charlestown,  Mass. 

FROTHINGHAM,  WASHINGTON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1822, 
in  Fonda,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Albany;  and  the  author  of 
Atheos,  or  Tragedies  of  Unbelief;  The 
Martel  Papers;  and  Scenes  in  the  Reign 
of  Terror. 

FRUITNIGHT,  JOHN  HENRY,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1851,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  among  the  or 
ganizers  of  St.  John's  Guild  for  Children, 
is  the  author  of  numerous  papers  and 
monographs. 

FRY,  CARY  HARRISON,  soldier,  was 
born  Aug.  20,  1813,  in  Garrard  county, 
Ky.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general 
United  States  army  in  1867,  and  from 
1869  till  his  death  was  chief  paymaster 
of  various  military  divisions.  He  died 
March  5,  1873,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


FRY,  GEORGE  THOMSON,  lawyer, 
orator,  legislator,  was  born  March  12,  1843. 
in  Mossy  Creek,  Tenn.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Halston  college  of  New 
Market,  Tenn.  During  1861-65  he  was  a 
confederate  soldier;  and  was  in  all  the 
principal  battles;  and  was  desperately 
wounded  and  disabled  for  field  service  at 
the  battle  of  Jonesboro,  Ga.  He  was  first 
lieutenant  in  company  C,  thirty-seventh 
regiment,  Tennessee  volunteers,  C.  S.  A.; 
was  promoted  in  1862  to  captain  of  com 
pany  H,  of  the  same  regiment;  and  in 
1863  was  made  colonel  of  the  seventh 
confederate  regiment.  In  1866  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  and  practiced  in  Atlan 
ta,  Ga.  During  1876-78  he  represented 
Fulton  county  in  the  Georgia  legislature. 
In  1890  he  moved  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
He  has  distinguished  himself  as  an  able 
advocate  in  both  civil  and  criminal  law; 
is  a  democratic  orator  of  renown;  and 
celebrated  as  a  writer  on  the  Science  of 
National  Finance,  and  Political  Economy. 

FRY,  JACOB,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1835  to  1839;  and  was  at  one  time  audi 
tor-general  of  the  state.  He  died  Nov. 
28,  1866,  in  Norristown,  Pa. 

FRY,  JAMES  BARNET,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1827,  in  Carrollton,  111. 
He  was  a  colonel  and  brevet  major-gen 
eral  in  the  United  States  army,  and  was 
retired  from  active  service  in  1881,  and 
thereafter  lived  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
the  author  of  Sketch  of  the  Adjutant-Gen 
eral's  Department  in  1775-1875;  Historical 
and  Legal  Effects  of  Brevets  in  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States  from  their 
Origin  in  1692;  Army  Sacrifices;  Me 
Dowell  and  Tyler  in  the  Campaign  of  Bull 
Run;  Operations  of  the  Army  under  Bu- 
ell;  and  New  York  and  Conscription.  He 
died  in  1894. 

FRY,  JOSEPH  REESE,  banker,  com 
poser,  author.  He  was  largely  instrumen 
tal  in  raising  the  Union  League  brigade  at 
a  gloomy  period  of  the  civil  war.  He  was 
the  author  of  A  Life  of  Zachary  Taylor. 
He  died  in  June,  1865,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FRY,  JOSHUA,  soldier,  was  born  in 
England.  He  made  a  map  of  Virginia; 
and  in  1752  was  a  commissioner  to  treat 
with  the  Indians  at  Logstown.  He  died 
May  31,  1754,  while  conducting  an  expedi 
tion  against  the  French. 

FRY,  SPEED  SMITH,  soldier,  jurist, 
was  born  Sept.  9,  1817,  in  Mercer  county, 
Ky. '  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war 
he  organized  the  fourth  Kentucky  regi 
ment  in  the  national  army,  and  served  as 
its  colonel  till  March  21,  1862,  when  he 
was  promoted  to  brigadier-general  of  vol 
unteers. 

FRY,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  journalist, 
composer,  was  born  in  August,  1815,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  editor  of  the  Phil 
adelphia  Ledger;  The  Sun;  and  the  New 
York  Tribune.  He  was  the  author  of 
Leonora,  an  opera  produced  at  the  Chest 
nut  Street  theater  in  1845.  He  died  Dec. 
21,  1864,  in  the  West  Indies. 

FRYE,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1709,  in  Andover,  Mass.  He  served  at  the 
capture  of  Louisburg  in  1745,  and  com 
manded  the  Essex  regiment  at  the  begin 
ning  of  the  revolution,  taking  an  active 
part  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  He 
died  Jan.  8,  1776. 

FRYE,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  jurist,  was 
born  March  30,  1712,  in  Andover,  Mass. 
He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  general  court  of  Massachusetts, 
and  was  an  ensign  in  Male's  regiment  at 
the  capture  of  Louisburg  in  1745.  He  died 
in  1794,  in  Fryeburg,  Maine. 


HBRRINOSHAWS    RNOVrr.OPKDIA    OF    AMKRICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


385 


FRYE,  WILLIAM  PBARCE,  lawyer, 
congressman.  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  2,  1831,  in  Lewiston,  Maine. 
He  served  three 
terms  as  a  member 
of  the  state  legisla 
ture  during  1861-67: 
was  mayor  of  the 
city  of  Lewiston  in 
1866  and  1867,  and 
was  attorney  general 
of  the  state  of  Maine 
during  1867-69.  In 
18H4  he  was  a  presi 
dential  elector;  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
national  republican 
conventions  of  1872,  1876,  and  1880.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  to  the  forty- 
second,  forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty- 
sixth,  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
republican.  In  1881  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy: 
and  was  re-elected  in  1883,  in  1888,  and 
again  in  1895  for  term  ending  in  1901. 

FRYER,  L.  P.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
.Ian.  10,  1864.  in  Butler,  Ky.  He  has 
served  as  police  judge  of  Falmouth,  Ky.. 
for  two  terms;  and  for  three  years  was 
attorney  of  Pendleton  county.  In  1897 
he  was  elected  commonwealth  attorney  of 
the  eighteenth  judicial  district,  and  is 
serving  with  distinction. 

FRYHOFER,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1846,  in  Seymour, 
Ind.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  of  Ran 
dolph,  Kan.;  and  during  1886-87  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  legis 
lature. 

FUERTES.  ESTE  VAN  ANTONIO, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  May  10,  1838,  in 
St.  John's,  Porto  Rico,  W.  I.  In  1861  he 
was  assistant  engi 
neer  in  public  works: 
and  in  1862-63  was 
director  of  the  west 
ern  district  of  public 
works  on  the  island 
of  Porto  Rico.  In 
1863-64  he  was  as 
sistant  engineer  in 
the  Croton  aqueduct 
of  New  York  city; 
and  during  1864-69 
was  engineer  to  the 
Croton  aqueduct 
hoard.  In  1870-71  he  was  engineer  in 
chief  of  the  United  States  Ship  Canal  ex 
pedition  to  Tehuantepec  and  Nicaragua; 
and  in  1871-73  was  consulting  engineer 
in  New  York  city.  During  1873-90  he  was 
dean  of  the  department  of  civil  engineer 
ing  of  Cornell  university;  and  since  1890 
has  been  director  of  the  college  of  civil 
engineering  at  the  same  university.  He 
performed  a  great  engineering  feat,  in 
preparing  the  plans  for  improving  the 
sanitation  of  the  Brazilian  city  of  Santos, 
which  checked  yellow  fever  and  other  epi 
demics. 

FULKERSON,  ABRAM,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  May, 
1834,  in  Washington  county.  Va.  He 
served  in  the  confederate  army  from  1861 
to  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  colonel.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1871  and  1873,  and  a  state 
senator  in  1877  and  1879.  He  was  elected  - 
a  representative  from  Virginia  to  the  for 
ty-seventh  congress. 

FULLER,  ANDREW  S.,  horticulturist, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1828,  in 
New  York.  He  was  a  horticultural 
writer  and  journalist  of  New  York  city, 
and  editor  of  Woodward's  Record  of  Hor 
ticulture.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Fruit 
Tree  Culturist;  The  Grape  Culturist;  The 

25 


Small  Fruit  Culturist;  The  Strawberry 
Culturist;  Practical  Forestry:  The  Prop 
agation  of  Plants;  and  The  Nut  Cultur 
ist.  He  died  in  1896. 

FULLER,  ANNA,  author.  She  is  a  Bos 
ton  novelist;  and  the  author  of  Pratt 
Portraits:  A  Literary  Courtship;  Peak 
and  Prairie;  and  A  Venetian  June. 

FULLER,  BENJAMIN  APTHORP 
GOULD,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator, 
was  born  in  May,  1818,  in  Augusta,  Maine. 
In  1850-54  he  was  judge  of  the  municipal 
court;  and  in  1856  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature.  Since  1864  he  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  Boston,  Mass. 

FULLER,  BENONI  STINSON,  educa 
tor,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  13.  1825,  in  Warrick  county,  Ind. 
In  1862  he  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate,  serving  four  years;  and  in  1866  and 
1868  elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the 
legislature.  In  1870  and  1872  he  was 
elected  to  the  senate  for  a  second  and 
third  term;  and  was  then  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  forty-fourth 
and  forty-fifth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

FULLER.  CEYLON  CANFIELD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
June  25.  1832,  in  Chardon,  Ohio.  He  is 
a  successful  lawyer  of  Big  Rapids,  Mich.; 
and  in  1869-70  was  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  state  legislature.  He  has  been 
postmaster,  prosecuting  attorney,  judge 
of  probate,  circuit  court  commissioner; 
and  in  1882  was  elected  judge  of  the  twen 
ty-seventh  judicial  circuit  court. 

FULLER,  CHARLES  E.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  March  31,  1849,  in 
Flora,  111.  As  a  lawyer  he  has  filled  the 
positions  of  city  attorney  of  Belvidere, 
111.,  and  state's  attorney  of  Boone  county. 
For  six  years  he  served  as  a  representa 
tive  in  the  general  assembly  of  Illinois; 
and  eight  years  as  senator. 

FULLER,  EDWARD,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1800,  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
Boston  journalist,  subsequently  on  the 
staff  of  the  Providence  Journal:  and  the 
author  of  The  Complaining  Millions  of 
Men,  a  novel  of  social  conditions  in  Bos 
ton. 

FULLER,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1845. 

FULLER,  GEORGE,  artist,  was  born  in 
1822,  in  Deerfield,  Mass.  A  memorial  ex 
hibition  of  his  works  was  held  at  the 
Boston  Museum  of  the  Fine  Arts  in  1884. 
He  died  March  21,  1884,  in  Brookline, 
Mass. 

FULLER,  GEORGE  EPHRAIM,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1838,  in 
Wilbraham,  Mass.  He  graduated  in  1859 
from  the  Williston 
academy;  and  in 
1863  from  Amherst 
college.  During 
1861-64  he  was  hos 
pital  steward  in  the 
twenty-seventh  regi 
ment  Massachusetts 
volunteer  infantry: 
and  in  1864-66  was 
hospital  steward  in 
the  United  States 
army,  stationed  at 
Washington,  D.  C. 
In  1866-68  he  practiced  medicine  in  Brim- 
field,  Mass.;  and  since  that  time  has  been 
located  at  Monson.  In  1880-94  he  was 
president  of  the  Eastern  Hampden  Medi 
cal  association,  and  has  been  president  of 
several  other  medical  bodies.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  valuable  medical 
papers  on  Typhoid  Fever,  Diphtheria,  and 
other  diseases. 


FULLER,  GEORGE  M.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  Pittsfield,  Vt.  He  is 
prominent  as  a  lawyer  and  district  attor 
ney  of  his  county.  He  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  Vermont  leg 
islature. 

FULLER,  HENRY  BLAKE,  author,  was 
born  in  1857,  in  Illinois.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Chevalier  of  Pensieri-Vani;  The 
Chatelaine  of  La  Trinit.6;  The  Cliff  Dwell 
ers;  With  the  Procession;  and  The  Pup 
pet-Booth,  twelve  one-act  plays. 

FULLER,  HENRY  M.,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1820,  in 
Bethany,  Pa.  In  1848  he  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1851  to  1853,  and  from  1855  to 
1857.  He  died  Dec.  26,  1860,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

FULLER,  HIRAM,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  about  1815,  in  Halifax,  Mass. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York  city 
who  at  the  outset  of  the  civil  war  sup 
ported  the  confederate  cause,  and  emi 
grated  to  England  on  that  account.  Sub 
sequently  he  became  an  adventurer  in 
Paris.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Groton 
Letters;  Belle  Brittan  on  a  Tour;  Sparks 
from  a  Locomotive;  and  Grand  Transfor 
mation  Scenes  in  the  United  States.  He 
died  in  1880. 

FULLER,  HOMER  TAYLOR,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1838, 
in  Lempster,  N.  H.  In  1864  he  graduated 
from  Dartmouth  college;  and  from  the 
Union  Theological  seminary  in  1869.  Dur 
ing  1870-82  he  was  principal  of  St.  Johns- 
bury  academy,  Vermont;  president  of  the 
Worcester  Polytechnic  institute,  Massa 
chusetts,  during  1882-94;  and  since  that 
time  has  been  president  of  the  Drury  col 
lege  of  Springfield,  Mo. 

FULLER,  HOWARD  G..  educator,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1851,  in  Warren  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  principal  of  public- 
schools  of  Union,  Iowa,  and  county  super 
intendent  of  Hardin  county,  Iowa.  He 
has  been  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit, 
of  South  Dakota,  and  is  now  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  South  Dakota. 

FULLER,  .1.  C.,  railroad  president.  He 
is  president  of  Hunter's  Run  and  Slate 
Belt  railroad. 

FULLER,  JEROME,  jurist.  He  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  Minnesota;  and  in  1851 
was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  that  territory. 

FULLER,  JOHN  WALLACE,  soldier, 
was  born  July  28,  1827,  in  England.  He 
was  brevetted  major-general  of  volunteers 
in  1865.  He  was  appointed  collector  of 
the  port  of  Toledo,  Ohio,  by  President 
Grant,  in  1874,  and  reappointed  in  1878. 
He  died  March  12,  1891,  in  Toledo,  Ohio. 
FULLER,  LEVI  KNIGHT,  manufactur 
er,  governor,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1841,  in 
Westmoreland,  N.  H.  He  organized  in 
1874,  and  until  inau 
gurated  governor, 
commanded  the  Ful 
ler  light  battery  of 
the  Vermont  Nation 
al  guard.  He  has 
held  various  town 
and  village  offices, 
elected  to  state  sen 
ate  in  1880,  and  lieu 
tenant-governor  of 
the  state  in  1886. 
He  was  president  of 
trustees  at  the  Ver 
mont  academy  at  Saxton's  River,  Vt.,  an 
educational  institution  he  had  largely  sup 
ported.  He  was  nominated  for  governor 
of  Vermont  at  the  republican  state  con 
vention  held  at  Burlington,  Vt.,  June  22. 
1892,  and  inaugurated  Oct.  6,  1892. 


IIKRRIXGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


FULLER,  MELVILLE  WESTON,  chief 
justice  of  the  United  States,  was  born  Feb. 
11,  1833,  in  Augusta,  Maine.  He  removed 
to  Chicago,  111.,  in  1856,  where  he  prac 
ticed  law  until  appointed  chief  justice. 
In  1862  he  was  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  from  1863 
to  1865.  He  was  appointed  chief  justice 
in  1888,  confirmed  July  20,  1888,  and  took 
the  oath  of  office  Oct.  8,  same  year. 

FULLER.  OLIVER  FRANKLIN,  drug 
gist,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1829,  in  Sherman. 
Conn.  In  1852  he  entered  the  drug  busi 
ness  in  Chicago,  111.,  and  in  1871  took 
into  partnership  Henry  W.  Fuller  of 
Maine,  and  continued  the  business  under 
the  firm  name  of  Fuller  and  Fuller.  At 
the  great  fire  of  1871  his  store,  comprising 
numbers  20-28  Market  street,  was  the  only 
wholesale  building  of  any  kind  left  stand 
ing  in  the  city. 

FULLER,  ORAMEL  BAUM,  lumberman, 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1858,  in  Jer 
sey  City,  N.  J.  In  1869  he  moved  to 
Michigan;  has  been  justice  of  the  peace; 
and  served  three  terms  as  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  from  Ford  River. 

FULLER.  OSCAR  A.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1844,  in  Alfred,  N.  Y. 
When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  enlisted 
as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil  war. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  Wellsville,  N.  Y.;  and  for  six  years 
was  district  attorney  of  his  county.  In 
1894  he  served  with  distinction  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  constitutional  con 
vention. 

FULLER,  PHILO  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  13,  1787,  in  New  Marlborough. 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
assembly  in  1830;  and  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1833  to 
1837.  He  was  the  second  assistant  post 
master-general  from  1841  to  1843;  and 
comptroller  of  New  York  in  1851.  Ho 
died  Aug.  1C,  1855,  in  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

FULLER.  RICHARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  22,  1804,  in  Beaufort. 
S.  C.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of 
«'harl«'ston.  and  subsequently  of  Balti 
more;  and  the  author  of  Argument  on 
Baptist  Close  Communion:  Sermons;  and 
Scriptural  Baptism.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1876, 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

FULLER,  RICHARD  FREDERICK, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  May  15,  1821,  in 
Cambridge.  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Boston  who  published  Visions  in  Verse; 
and  Chaplain  Fuller,  a  life  of  his  brother 
Arthur.  He  died  May  30,  1869.  in  Way- 
land,  Mass. 

FULLER,  RICHARD  HENRY,  artist, 
was  born  Oct.  19,  1822,  in  Bradford,  N.  H. 
He  had  excellent  natural  gifts,  and  such 
a  retentive  memory  that  he  is  said  to  have 
made  a  clever  copy  of  a  Lambinet,  which 
he  had  seen  only  for  a  few  moments.  He 
died  Dec.  24,  1871,  in  Chelsea,  Mass. 

FULLER,  SAMUEL,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1802,  in  New 
York.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman, 
professor  at  the  Berkeley  Divinity  school, 
Middletown,  Conn.;  and  the  author  of 
Confirmation,  its  Authority  and  Nature; 
and  The  Revelation  of  St.  John  Self-Inter 
preted. 

FULLER,  SAMUEL  RICHARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1850.  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman 
of  Massachusetts;  and  the  author  of  Per- 
si nuility,  a  \olumeof  Sermons. 

KIM. 1. Kit.  SARAH  MARGARKT,  author. 
was  horn  May  23,  1810,  in  Cambridgeport. 
Mass.  Women  in  the  Nineteenth  Century 
was  her  most  important  work.  In  Rome, 
•she  married  Marquis  d'Ossoli.  an  Italian. 


On  her  return  to  America  with  her  hus 
band  and  infant  child,  the  vessel  was 
wrecked  off  Fire  island,  and  the  Ossoli 
family  perished.  She  died  July  16,  1850, 
on  Fire  Island  Beach. 

"FULLER.  THOMAS  J.  D.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  17,  1808,  in 
Hardwick.  Vt.  He  was  elected  state's  at 
torney  for  his  county  for  three  years. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Maine  to  the  thirty-first,  thirty-second, 
thirty-third,  and  thirty-fourth  congresses; 
and  in  1857  was  appointed  second  auditor 
of  the  treasury,  which  office  he  held  until 
1861.  He  died  Feb.  13.  1876.  near  Upper- 
vine,  Va. 

FULLER.  TIMOTHY,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  July  11,  1778,  in 
Chilmark.  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  senate  from  1813  to  1817: 
and  speaker  of  the  lower  house  in  1825. 
He  was  again  a  state  representative  in 
1831;  a  state  councilor  in  1831;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1817  to  1825.  He  died  Oct. 
1.  1835.  in  Groton,  Mass. 

FULLER,  WILLIAM  E.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  30,  1846,  in 
Howard,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  Iowa  legislature  in  1876  and  1877.  In 
1884  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Iowa  to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

FULLER.  WILLIAM  K.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of 
New  York  in  1829  and  1830.  At  one  time 
he  was  adjutant-general  of  the  state  mil 
itia;  and  from  1833  to  1837  a  representa- 
the  in  congress. 

FULLERTON,  DAVID,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1771.  He  was 
for  several  years  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture  of  Pennsylvania;  and  represented 
that  state  in  congress  from  1819  to  1820. 
when  he  resigned.  He  died  Feb.  1,  1843. 
in  Greencastle.  Pa. 

1-TLLERTON.  GEORGE  STUART, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  in 
I s.v.i.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  and 
professor  of  moral  philosophy  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Conception  of  the  Infinite  and  the 
Solution  of  the  Mathematical  Antinomies, 
a  psychological  treatise:  and  A  Plain 
Argument  for  God. 

FULLERTON.  WILLIAM  MORTON, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1865,  in 
Connecticut.  He  was  a  journalist  in  Bos 
ton  for  several  years,  and  since  1890  a 
member  of  the  Paris  staff  of  the  London 
Times.  He  is  the  author  of  Cairo,  a  de 
scriptive  essay:  and  Patriotism  and 
Science,  a  collection  of  essays. 

FULMORE.  ZACHARY  TAYLOR,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
11,  1846.  in  Robeson  county.  N.  C.  He 
attended  the  country  school;  North  Caro 
lina  Military  institute,  and  the  university 
of  Virginia.  He  served  as  a  soldier  in 
the  confederate  army;  was  in  the  en 
gagement  at  Fort  Fisher,  and  from  Jan 
uary  until  June,  1865,  was  a  prisoner  of 
war.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  Texas  Institute  for  the 
Blind,  county  judge  of  Travis  county  for 
six  years;  and  a  trustee  of  the  public 
schools  of  Austin.  Tex.  He  is  a  success 
ful  lawyer;  and  author  of  a  History  of 
the  Geography  of  Texas,  and  other  works. 

FULTON.  ANDREW  S..  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1847  to  1849. 

FULTON.  JOHN,  clergyman,  author. 
was  born  April  2.  1834.  In  Scotland.  He 


is  an  episcopal  clergyman  noted  as  an  able 
exponent  of  canon  law,  and  professor  of 
that  subject  at  the  Episcopal  Divinity 
school  in  Philadelphia.  He  is  the  author 
of  Letters  on  Christian  Unity:  Index 
Canonum;  The  Laws  of  Marriage;  Doc 
umentary  History  of  the  Episcopal  Church 
in  the  Confederate  States;  The  Beautiful 
Land,  a  description  of  Palestine;  and  The 
Chalcedonian  Decree. 

FULTON.  JOHN  H.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1833  to  183f>.  He  died  Jan.  28, 
1836.  in  Abingdon. 

FULTON.  JUSTIN  DEWEY,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  March  1, 
1828,  in  Earlville,  N.  Y.  He  received  a 
liberal  education, 
and  graduated  from 
the  university  of 
Michigan,  and  from 
the  Theological  sem 
inary  of  Rochester. 
N.  Y.  In  1853  he 
became  the  editor  of 
The  Gospel  Banner 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He 
has  filled  pastorates 
in  St.  Louis,  San- 
dusky,  Albany;  was 
for  ten  years  pastor 
of  Tremont  temple  of  Boston,  Mass.;  and 
thence  was  pastor  of  the  Hanson  place 
and  Centennial  church  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
He  there  took  a  prominent  part  in  anti- 
Roman  catholic  work;  became  president 
of  the  Pauline  propaganda:  and  subse 
quently  resigned  his  pastorate  in  order  to 
give  all  his  time  to  that  work  in  Somer- 
ville.  Mass.  He  is  a  brilliant  lecturer 
on  religious  subjects:  and  has  received 
the  appellation  of  the  Luther  of  the  nine 
teenth  century.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Roman  Catholic  Element  in  American 
History:  The  True  Woman;  Show  Your 
Colors,  a  Story  of  Boston  Life;  The  Way 
Out:  Witnessing  for  the  Truth,  or  the 
Overthrow  of  the  Papacy:  and  Rome  in 
America. 

FULTON.  ROBERT,  engineer,  inventor, 
was  born  July  26.  1765,  in  Lancaster  coun 
ty.  Pa.  He  invented  a  machine  for  spin- 
n  i  n  g  flax,  another 
for  making  ropes, 
and  was  proprietor 
of  the  first  panorama 
exhibited  in  Paris. 
Though  others  had 
previously  conceived 
the  idea  of  steam 
navigation,  Fulton 
was  the  first  who 
successfully  realized 
it.  The  Clermont. 
sometimes  called 
Fulton's  Folly, 
launched  in  1807,  was  the  first  steamboat 
on  the  Hudson  river.  He  died  Feb.  21, 
1815,  in  New  York. 

FULTON.  WILLIAM  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
governor.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
June  2,  1795,  in  Cecil  county,  Md.  In  182H 
he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  terri 
tory  of  Arkansas,  and  in  1835  governor 
of  the  same,  which  office  he  held  until 
that  territory  was  admitted  into  the  union 
as  a  state,  when  he  was  elected  a  senator 
from  Arkansas,  serving  from  1836  to  1844. 
He  died  Aug.  15,  1844,  in  Little  Rock.  Ark. 

FUNK.  BENJAMIN  F.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  17.  1838,  in  Funk's 
Grove.  111.  He  served  during  the  civil  war 
as  a  private  in  the  sixty-eighth  Illinois 
infantry.  He  removed  to  Bloomington  in 
|M;;I:  and  was  elected  mayor  of  that  city 
in  1S7I.  and  was  re-elected  six  times  con 
secutively.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  republican. 


HKRRINOBHAW'S    KNCYOLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGKAPFfY. 


387 


FUNKHOUSER.  A.  PAUL,  educator, 
journalist,  statesman,  was  born  Dec.  10, 
1853,  near  Dayton,  Va.  Although  licensed 
to  preach  since  he  was  sixteen  years  of 
age,  he  is  best  known  as  an  educator. 
He  founded  the  Shenandoah  institute  of 
Dayton,  Va.,  and  was  superintendent  of 
the  Rockingham  county  schools  for  three 
years,  winning  the  only  Peabody  silver 
medal  given  for  the  most  efficient  school 
work  in  the  state.  He  also  served  as 
president,  of  Western  college,  Iowa:  and 
for  fifteen  years  has  been  manager  of  the 
Shenandoah  Valley  Chautauqua  assembly, 
which  he  founded.  He  started  the  State 
Republican  in  1883.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  national  republican  convention  at  Chi 
cago  in  1888;  presidential  elector  in  1892: 
state  canvasser  in  1896;  and  republican 
candidate  for  the  state  senate  in  1895. 

FUNSTON,  C.  M.,  journalist,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1854,  in  Washington  county,  N.  Y. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Sun  of 
Flagstaff,  Ariz.  He  has  been  county 
judge,  commissioner  of  immigration,  and 
has  held  various  other  public  positions 
of  honor. 

FUNSTON.  EDWARD  H..  soldier,  farm 
er,  congressman,  was  born  in  1836,  in 
Clark  county.  Ohio.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  union  army  as  a  lieutenant,  and 
served  throughout  the  civil  war.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  Kansas  legislature 
in  1873-75,  and  in  the  latter  year  was 
speaker  of  the  house.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  a  state  senator,  and  was  made 
president  of  the  senate  pro  tempore.  In 
1884  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Kansas  to  the  forty-eighth  congress,  to 
fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  and  fifty- 
second  congresses  as  a  republican. 

FURMAN,  GABRIEL,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Jan.  23.  1800.  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  In  1827  he  was  appointed  a  justice 
of  the  Brooklyn  municipal  court,  which 
office  he  held  for  three  years.  He  served 
as  state  senator  in  1839-42.  He  published 
Notes,  Geographical  and  Historical,  rela 
tive  to  the  Town  of  Brooklyn.  He  died 
Nov.  11,  1854,  in  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 

FURMAN.  JAMES  CLEMENT,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  was  born  Dec.  a. 
1809,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In  1843  he 
accepted  a  professorship  in  the  Furman 
Theological  institution.  When  the  insti 
tution  was  expanded  into  Furman  univer 
sity  at  Greenville.  S.  C.,  he  was  made  its 
president. 

FURNAS.  ELWOOD.  educator,  public 
official,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1840.  in  Mont 
gomery  county.  Ohio.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  dis 
trict  schools  of  his 
county:  and  at  the 
age  of  nineteen  be 
gan  teaching  school. 
He  has  filled  all  the 
public  positions  of 
honor  in  the  gift  of 
the  public,  including 
township.  county, 
state  and  national 
public  offices  of  hon 
or.  He  was  chair 
man  of  the  auditing 

board  of  the  Story  County  Farmers'  Mu 
tual  Fire  and  Lightning  association,  and 
vice-president  and  director  of  the  same: 
president  of  the  Story  County  Farmers' 
institute,  and  organizer  of  the  same:  and 
since  1893  has  been  president  of  the  Farm 
ers'  National  alliance.  He  has  written  ex 
tensively  for  the  leading  agricultural  pub 
lications  in  America:  and  has  addressed 
various  agricultural  bodies  and  societies. 


FURNASS,  R.  W.,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Nebraska  from  1873  to  1875. 

FURNESS,  MRS.  HELEN  KATE  ROG 
ERS,  author,  was  born  July  26,  1837,  in 
Philadelphia.  Pa.  She  was  a  Shakespear 
ean  scholar  of  Philadelphia  who  published 
A  Concordance  to  the  Poems  of  Shakes 
peare.  She  died  Oct.  30.  1883. 

FURNESS.  HORACE  HOWARD,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  2.  1833,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  a  distinguished  Shakes 
pearean  scholar  of  Philadelphia,  widely 
known  -in  the  literary  world  for  his  schol 
arly  and  exhaustive  variorum  editions  of 
King  Lear,  Hamlet,  Macbeth,  Romeo  and 
Juliet.  Othello.  Merchant  of  Venice,  As 
You  Like  It.  and  Midsummer  Night's 
Dream. 

FURNESS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  20,  1802,  in 
Boston.  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man  of  Philadelphia;  and  from  1825  to 
1875  pastor  of  the  Unitarian  church  in  that 
city.  A  theologian  of  radical  views,  but 
reverent  temper.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Unconscious  Truth  of  the  Four  Gos 
pels:  Jesus  and  His  Biographers;  His 
tory  of  Jesus:  Thoughts  on  the  Life  and 
Character  of  Jesus;  The  Story  of  the 
Resurrection  Told  Once  More;  The  Power 
of  Spirit;  Discourses:  The  Veil  Lifted  and 
Jesus  becoming  Visible;  Verses;  Trans 
lations  and  Hymns;  The  Faith  of  Jesus; 
and  a  much-admired  translation  of 
Schiller's  Song  of  the  Bell. 

FURNESS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  artist, 
was  born  May  21,  1828,  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.  He  established  himself  in  Philadel 
phia  as  a  portrait-painter,  but  later  re 
moved  to  Boston,  Mass.,  where  he  attained 
a  high  rank  in  his  profession.  He  died 
March  4,  1867,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

FURNISS.  JOHN  P.,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  Sept.  24.  1841,  in  Columbus, 
Miss.  In  1860  he  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Mississippi,  and  received  the 
degree  of  B.  A.  He  served  as  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  confederate  service  during 
the  civil  war.  He  has  been  state  medical 
referee  for  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  In 
surance  company  of  Newark.  N.  J.;  mem 
ber  of  the  state  board  of  health;  and  is 
now  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  Ala 
bama,  in  which  state  he  has  a  large  prac 
tice  at  Selma. 

FURST.  CHARLES  SIEGFRIED,  mer 
chant,  journalist,  was  born  in  May,  1850. 
in  Germany.  In  1873  he  established  a 
large  mercantile  house  in  Jersey  City, 
N.  J.:  and  in  1893  he  became  president 
of  the  Jersey  City  Daily  Democrat  associa 
tion.  He  has  been  prominently  identified 
with  every  public  movement  for  the  bene 
fit  and  improvement  of  Jersey  City. 

FUTHEY.  JOHN  SMITH,  lawyer,  anti 
quarian,  author,  born  Sept.  3,  1820,  in  Ches 
ter  county.  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  an 
tiquarian  of  Eastern  Pennsylvania;  and 
the  author  of  History  of  Chester  County; 
and  Historical  Collections  of  Chester 
County.  He  died  in  1888. 

FYAN,  ROBERT  W..  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  March  11. 
1835,  in  Bedford  county.  Pa.  He  served 
in  the  union  army  during  the  civil  war, 
rising  to  the  rank  of  colonel;  and  at  the 
close  of  the  war  was  appointed  circuit 
attorney  of  the  fourteenth  judicial  cir 
cuit  of  Missouri.  In  1866  he  was  elected 
judge  of  that  circuit,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1868,  1874  and  1880.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  constitutional  convention 
of  1875;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-eighth, 
fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses  as 
a  democrat.  He  (lied  July  28.  189«.  in 
Marshfield.  Mo. 


GABB,  WILLIAM  MORE,  paleontolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1839,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1868  he  undertook 
a  survey  in  Santo  Domingo  for  the  Santo 
Domingo  Land  and  Mining  company,  re 
maining  on  the  island  from  1869  to  1872. 
He  published  an  extended  memoir  On  the 
Topography  and  Geology  of  Santo  Do 
mingo.  He  died  May  30.  1878.  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

GABRIELS,  HENRY,  educator,  bishop, 
was  born  Oct.  (i.  1838,  in  Belgium.  For 
thirty  years  he  was  the  professor  of  the 
ology  and  president  of  St.  Joseph  semi 
nary  of  Troy.  N.  Y.  In  1892  he  was  con 
secrated  bishop  of  Ogdensburg. 

GADSDEN,  CHRISTOPHER,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1724  in  Charleston,  S. 
C.  He  was  elected  to  the  New  York  con 
gress  of  1765,  to  petition  against  the 
stamp  act;  and  a  delegate  from  that  state 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1774  to 
1776.  He  was  elected  governor  of  the 
state,  but  declined  to  serve  on  account  of 
his  age.  He  died  Aug.  28.  1805  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C. 

GADSDEN,  CHRISTOPHER  ED 
WARDS,  journalist,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  25,  1785,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  was  elected  bishop,  and  was  conse 
crated  in  Trinity  church,  Boston,  Mass.. 
in  1840.  He  edited  for  several  years  the 
Gospel  Messenger,  published  a  tract  on 
The  Prayer-Book  as  it  Is,  and  three  val 
uable  charges  to  the  clergy,  and  an  es 
say  on  the  life  of  Bishop  Dehon.  He  died 
June  24.  1852,  in  Charleston.  S.  C. 

GADSDEN,  JAMES,  soldier,  merchant, 
diplomat,  was  born  May  15,  1788,  in 
Charleston.  S.  C.  In  1820  he  was  appoint 
ed  inspector-general  of  the  army,  with 
rank  of  colonel.  He  was  appointed  min 
ister  to  Mexico  in  1853,  and  negotiated 
the  Gadsden  Purchase,  now  known  as 
Arizona,  for  ten  million  dollars.  He  died 
Dec.  26,  1858.  in  Charleston.  S.  C. 

GADSDEN.  JOHN,  lawyer,   state   legis 
lator,  was  born  March  4,  1787.     He  was  a 
member    of   the    South    Carolina    legisla 
ture,   and   also   held   the  office  of  United 
States  district  attorney    He  died  Jan    31 
1831. 

GADSDEN.  PHILIP  HENRY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1867,  in  Char 
leston.  S.  C.  He  has  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina 
state  legislature:  and  is  president  of  the 
Charleston  Street  Railway  company. 

GAFFNEY.  MARGARET,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  about  1825,  in  Baltimore. 
Md.  In  1852  she  opened  an  orphan  asylum 
in  New  Orleans,  and  gave  to  orphans  of 
whatever  denomination  her  three  largest 
homes  for  children,  and  a  home  for  the 
aged  and  infirm.  She  was  the  first  wo 
man  in  this  country  to  be  honored  by  the 
erection  of  a  marble  statue  to  her  mem 
ory.  She  died  Feb.  9,  1882. 

GAGE,  ALFRED  PAYSON.  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  15,  1836.  in  Hop- 
kinton,  N.  H.  He  is  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work,  and  is  the  author  of  a  series 
of  Text-Books  on  Physics. 

GAGE,  MRS.  FRANCES  DANA  [BAR 
KER],  suffragist,  lecturer,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  12,  1808.  in  Marietta.  Ohio.  She 
was  a  prominent  advocate  of  woman  suff 
rage  who  lectured  much  on  that  subject 
as  well  as  upon  temperance  and  anti-sla 
very.  She  was  the  author  of  Elsie  Ma- 
goon,  a  temperance  story;  Poems;  Ger 
tie's  Sacrifice;  Nightcaps,  a  Series  of 
Books;  and  Sparks  Upward.  She  wrote 
much  over  the  signature  Aunt  Fanny.  She 
died  Nov.  10.  1884.  in  Greenwich.  Conn. 


HKRHIN08HAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     UK    AMKKICAN     MtOGRAPHV. 


GAGE.  JOSHUA,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature  from  1805  to  1808,  in  1813,  1814. 
1820  and  1821;  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1817  to 
1819;  and  a  state  councilor  in  1822  and 
1823. 

GAGE  LYMAN  JUDSON,  banker,  finan 
cier  was  born  June  28,  1836,  in  Deruyter. 
N  Y.  He  became  cashier  of  the 
National  bank  of  Chicago  in  1868. 
charter  expiring,  the  bank  was  reorgan 
ized  in  1882.  with  a  capital  of  three  mil 
lion  dollars,  and  Mr.  Gage  was  made  vice- 
president  and  general  manager,  and  in 
1891  he  was  elected  president.  In  1897  he 
resigned  the  presidency  of  the  bank  in 
order  to  accept  the  portfolio  of  the  United 
States  treasury. 

GAGE,  MRS.  MATILDA  JOSLYN.  suff 
ragist  author,  was  born  March  24,  1826. 
in  Cic'ero  N  Y.  She  is  a  noted  woman 
suffragist' of  Fayetteville,  N.  Y.;  and  the 
author  of  Woman's  Rights  Catechism; 
Woman  as  an  Inventor;  Woman,  Church 
and  State;  and  History  of  Woman  Suff 
rage. 

GAGE  SIMON  HENRY,  physiologist, 
author  was  born  May  20,  1857.  in  Mary 
land  N  Y.  He  is  a  physiologist  who  has 
been  professor  of  physiology  »t  Con»M 
unhersity;  and  is  the  author  of  The  Mic 
roscope  and  Histeology;  and  Anatomical 
Technology. 

GAGE  THOMAS,  soldier  colonial  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1721  in  England  He 
was  governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1774-75. 
He  died  April  2,  1787,  in  England. 

GAGE  WILLIAM  LEONARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1832  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man  of  Hartford  in  1868-84.  He  is  the 
author  of  Trinitarian  Sermons  to  a  Uni 
tarian  Congregation;  Songs  of  War  Time; 
Light  in  Darkness;  Life  of  Carl  Ritter; 
Studies  in  Bible  Lands;  Verses;  The 
Home  of  God's  People;  A  Leisurely  Jour 
ney  Palestine,  Historic  and  Descriptive; 
The' Salvation  of  Faust;  and  a  number  of 
translations  from  the  German. 

GAIL.  FREDERICK  W..  lawyer,  was 
born  Jan.  17.  1860,  in  Aurora,  N.  Y.  He 
started  in  life  as  a  newspaper  reporter; 
and  in  1882-84  was  official  stenographer 
for  the  first  judicial  district  of  Minnesota; 
and  since  1884  has  practiced  law  at  Still- 
water,  Minn. 

GAILLARD,  EDWIN  SAMUEL,  soldier, 
educator,  physician,  journalist,  was  born 
Jan.  16,  1827,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In  1865 
he  established  the  Richmond  Medical 
Journal,  which  he  removed  to  Louisville 
in  1868,  and  published  there  under  the 
title  of  the  Richmond  and  Louisville  Med 
ical  Journal.  In  1874  he  also  established 
the  American  Medical  Weekly.  He  died 
Feb.  1,  1885,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

GAILLARD,  JOHN,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1765,  in  St.  Steph 
en's,  S.  C.  He  was  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from  South  Carolina  from 
1804  to  1826;  voted  for  the  war  of  1812; 
and  was  repeatedly  called  to  preside  over 
the  senate  in  the  absence  of  the  vice- 
president.  He  died  Feb.  26,  1826,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

GAILLARD,  THEODORE,  lawyer,  jur 
ist.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  judges  of 
the  United  States  circuit  court,  having  in 
1801  been  appointed  chief  Justice  of  the 
fifth  circuit.  In  1813  he  was  appointed 
a  district  judge  of  the  United  States  for 
Louisiana. 

GAILOR,  THOMAS  FRANK,  clergy 
man  bishop,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1856,  in 
Jackson,  Miss.  In  1880  he  was  ordained 
a  priest,  and  is  now  assistant  bishop  of 
Tennessee. 


GA1NE,  HUGH,  journalist,  was  born  in 
1726  in  Ireland.  He  began  business  as  a 
printer  and  bookseller  in  New  York  city 
in  1750,  and  in  1752  established  the  Mer 
cury,  a  weekly  publication.  He  died  April 
25,  1807,  in  New  York  city. 

GAINES.  EDMUND  PENDLETON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  March  20,  1777,  in  Culpep- 
er  county,  Va.  He  entered  the  army  in 
1799,  and  rose  gradually  until  he  was 
made  major-general  for  his  gallantry  at 
Fort  Erie  in  1814.  He  remained  in  the 
army  until  his  death.  He  died  June  6. 
1849,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

GAINES.  JOHN  P.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  in  Walton.  Ky. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1847 
to  1849;  was  govern 
or  of  Oregon  terri 
tory  in  1850-53;  and 
senert  as  a  major  in 
the  Mexican  war  as 
aid  to  Gen.  Scott, 
and  suffered  impris 
onment.  He  was  a 
gallant  soldier,  and 
did  valuable  service 
while  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  Scott.  While  in 
congress  he  advocat 
ed  numerous  measures  of  importance  to 
his  state,  and  served  on  several  commit 
tees.  He  died  in  1858  in  Oregon. 

GAINES,  JOHN  WESLEY,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1861,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn.  In  1892  he  was  elector 
on  the  Cleveland  ticket  and  led  in  the 
ballot;  afterwards  became  a  leading  ex 
ponent  of  free  siher  in  his  district,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

GAINES,  WESLEY  J.,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  4.  1840,  in  Washington.  G;i. 
In  1888  he  was  ordained  bishop  at  Indian 
apolis.  He  is  the  author  of  a  valuable 
work  entitled  African  Methodism  in  the 
South. 

GAINES,  WILLIAM  EMBRE.  soldier, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  30. 
1844,  in  Charlotte  county,  Va.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  company  K,  eigh 
teenth  Virginia  regiment,  and  was  en 
gaged  in  all  the  battles  fought  by  the 
army  of  Northern  Virginia  up  to  the 
Maryland  campaign.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Virginia  state  senate  in  1883,  and  was 
the  leader  of  his  party  in  that  branch 
three  years,  when  he  resigned.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

GAITHER,  BURGESS  SIDNEY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  16,  1807, 
in  Iredell  county,  N.  C.  He  was  superin 
tendent  of  the  mint  at  Charlotte.  N.  C,; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in 
1840  and  1844.  He  was  also  a  member 
of  both  sessions  of  the  confederate  con 
gress.  He  died  Feb.  23,  1892,  in  Mor- 
gantown,  N.  C. 

GAITHER,  GEORGE  FRANKLIN,  far 
mer,  educator,  politician,  was  born  March 
6,  1856,  in  luka.  Miss.  After  graduating 
from  the  luka  Male  institute  he  taught  in 
the  public  schools  of  Etowah  county, 
Ala.;  and  in  1886  was  elected  county  su 
perintendent  of  education  for  that  county, 
receiving  the  re-election  in  1888.  He  is 
a  successful  farmer  and  populist  politi 
cian;  and  helped  to  organize  that  party  in 
IKill  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

GAITHER,  HENRY,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1751  In  Montgomery  county,  Md.  He 
was  a  captain  in  the  revolutionary  army, 
and  took  part  in  nearly  every  battle  of 
the  war.  He  died  June  22,  1811,  in  George 
town.  D.  C. 


GAITHER,  HENRY  CHKW,  patriot, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  1777  in 
Maryland.  He  represented  his  county  in 
the  legislature  for  many  years,  but  is 
chiefly  remembered  for  his  heroic  conduct 
in  defense  of  free  speech  during  the  dis 
graceful  assault  by  a  mob  on  the  office  of 
the  Baltimore  Federalist,  July  26,  1812. 
He  died  Feb.  12.  1845,  in  Ixx'iist  Grove. 
Md. 

GAITHER,  NATHAN,  physician,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1785 
in  Columbia,  Ky.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  from  Adair  county 
in  1815,  1816,  1817.  and  1818;  and  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1829.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  twenty-first  and  twenty-second  con 
gresses;  was  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention  of  the  state  in  1849;  and 
was  again  a  presidential  elector  in  1861. 

GAITHER,  WILLIAM  LINGAN,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Feb 
21,  1813,  in  Locust  Grove.  Md.  He  was 
early  elected  to  the  legislature,  and 
served  sixteen  years,  a  portion  of  the  time 
in  each  branch.  In  1851  he  was  chosen 
president  of  the  senate.  He  died  Aug 
2.  1858,  in  Berkley  Springs,  Va. 

GALBERRY.  THOMAS,  Roman  catho 
lie  bishop,  was  born  in  1833,  in  Ireland 
He  was  ordained  priest  in  1856.  His  first 
mission  was  at  Lansingburg,  N.  Y..  where 
he  built  a  Gothic  church  at  an  expanse  of 
over  $33,000,  and  near  it  a  convent  for 
the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph.  He  died  Oct.  10. 
1878,  in  New  York  city. 

GALBRAITH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  served  several  terms  in 
the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1833  to  1837,  and  again  from 
1839  to  1841.  He  also  held  the  office  of 
United  States  president  judge  for  the 
sixth  district  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died 
June  15,  I860,  in  Erie,  Pa. 

GALBRAITH,  WILLIAM  J.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1837,  in 
Freeport,  Pa.  He  served  as  an  officer  in 
the  United  States  signal  corps  from  1861 
to  1864.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  an  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
territory  of  Montana,  and  was  reappointed 
in  1883. 

GALE,  BENJAMIN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1715,  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 
He  was  the  author  of  A  Dissertation  on 
Inoculation,  and  other  works.  He  died 
May  21,  1790,  in  Killingworth,  Conn. 

GALE,  CHRISTOPHER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  about  1670  in  England.  In  1712 
he  became  chief  justice  of  North  Carolina 
He  died  at  Edenton,  N.  C. 

GALE,  GEORGE,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1789  to  1791. 

GALE,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1789,  in  Northeast. 
Pa.  He  established  the  Oneida  manual 
labor  institute  at  Whitesboro.  N.  Y.. 
where  he  remained  from  1827  till  1834. 
His  life  work  was  the  organization  of 
Knox  college  at  Galesburg,  111.,  in  1835 
He  died  Sept.  13,  1862,  in  Galesburg,  111. 

GALE,  LEVIN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1824  in  Cecil  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1827  to  1829.  He  died  April  28,  1875. 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

GALE,  THEOPHILUS,  theologian,  phil 
osopher.  He  was  a  doctor  of  divinity,  a 
classical  scholar,  and  a  learned  theologian 
and  philosopher.  He  died  in  1677. 

GALE,  WILLIAM  H.,  jurist.  He  was 
appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Colorado. 


HERRINQ8HAW8    ENCYCLOPEDIA    <>K    AM10K1CAN    HHxm.M'l  1  V. 


389 


GALEENEK.  CHRIS.,  clergyman,  was 
born  Feb.  27,  1854,  in  Warren  county. 
Ohio.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  clergy 
men  of  the  west  and  has  filled  pastorates 
in  the  leading  churches  of  Illinois.  He 
has  been  secretary  of  the  Illinois  confer 
ence;  was  twice  a  delegate  to  the  general 
conference  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
i-hurch,  and  has  been  presiding  elder. 

GALES,  JOSEPH,  journalist,  was  born 
in  1760  in  Kngland.  He  was  originally  a 
printer  and  bookseller  at  Sheffield,  where 
lie  established  and  published  the  Register. 
He  died  Aug.  24,  1841.  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

GALES,  JOSEPH,  journalist,  was  born 
April  10,  1786,  in  England.  In  1810  he 
succeeded  to  the  sole  proprietorship  of  the 
National  Intelligencer  of  Washington.  D. 
C.  He  died  July  21.  1860.  in  Washington, 
n.  C. 

GALES.  SEATON,  soldier,  journalist, 
was  born  May  17,  1828,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
On  the  death  of  his  father  he  took  edi 
torial  charge  of  the  Raleigh  Register; 
and  from  1866  till  1869  was  connected  with 
the  Raleigh  Sentinel.  He  died  Nov.  29, 
1878,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

GALLAGHER,  CHARLES  WESLEY, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Feb.  3,  1846,  in  Boston,  Mass.  During 
1889-93  he  was  president  of  the  Lawrence 
university  of  Wisconsin;  and  since  1893 
has  been  president  of  the  Maine  Wesleyan 
seminary  and  college  of  Kent's  Hill. 

GALLAGHER,  HUGH  P.,  clergyman, 
philanthropist,  was  born  in  1815,  in  Ire 
land.  In  1844  he  was  made  president  of 
ihe  Theological  seminary  of  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  The  same  year  he  founded  St.  Fran- 
els'  college  for  boys,  and  also  founded 
and  edited  the  Pittsburg  Catholic.  In  1850 
he  introduced  the  sisters  of  mercy,  for 
whom  he  established  St.  Aloysius'  acad 
emy  for  girls.  In  1852  he  moved  to  Cali 
fornia,  built  a  church  in  Benicia;  and  in 
1853  established  the  Catholic  Standard. 
He  died  in  March,  1882,  in  San  Francisco. 
Cal. 

GALLAGHER.  JAMES  NESTOR,  mer 
chant,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  5,  1848, 
in  Concord,  N.  H.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  humorous  work  entitled  Let  'er  Go,  Gal 
lagher;  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

GALLAGHER,  NICHOLAS  ALOYSIUS, 
college  president,  bishop,  was  born  Feb. 
19,  1846,  in  Temperanceville,  Ohio.  He 
was  ordained  priest  in  1868,  and  conse 
crated  bishop  of  Galveston.  Texas,  in  1882. 
For  many  years  he  was  president  of  St. 
Aloysius  seminary  of  Columbus,  Ohio. 

GALLAGHER,  PATRICK  S.,  educator, 
was  born  in  May,  1855,  in  Ireland.  He 
attended  the  Business  college  of  La 
Crosse,  Wis.,  and  has  attained  success  in 
educational  work.  For  the  past  eight 
years  he  has  been  superintendent  of 
schools  in  Swift  county,  Minn. 

GALLAGHER,  WILLIAM  DAVIS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  21, 
1808,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  received  his 
education  at  the 
Lancasterian  semi 
nary  of  Cincinnati. 
Ohio.  He  commenced 
life  as  a  printer, 
then  became  a  proof 
reader;  and  subse 
quently  filled  the  edi 
torial  chair  on  a  Cin 
cinnati  daily  news 
paper.  He  published 
The  Quarterly  Re 
view,  and  was  prom 
inent  in  the  early 
literary  annals  of  the  Ohio  valley.  He 
was  the  author  of  Miami  Woods,  and 
Other  Poems;  A  Golden  Wedding,  and 
Other  Poems;  and  Erato,  a  volume  of 
verse.  He  died  in  1894  in  Louisville,  Ky. 


GALLATIN,  ALBERT,  diplomat,  states 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1761,  in 
Geneva,  Switzerland.  In  1793  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Penn 
sylvania,  serving 
from  1795  to  1801.  In 
the  latter  year  he 
was  appointed  secre 
tary  of  the  treasury. 
He  was  president  of 
the  National  bank 
of  New  YorK,  and 
advocated  the  estab 
lishment  of  the  New- 
York  university.  He 
was  the  author  of 
Considerations  on  the  Currency  and 
Banking  System  of  the  United  States; 
Synopsis  of  the  Indian  Tribes;  Notes  on 
the  Semi-Civilized  Nations  of  Mexico,  Yu 
catan  and  Central  America;  Peace  with 
Mexico;  and  War  Expenses.  His  writings 
have  been  edited  in  six  volumes.  He  died 
Aug.  12,  1849,  in  Astoria,  N.  Y. 

GALLAUDET,  EDWARD  MINER,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  5,  1837,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  During 
1857-64  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Col 
umbia  Institution  for  Deaf  and  Dumb  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  since  1864  has 
been  president  of  that  institution,  and  also 
ot  Gallaudet  College  for  the  Deaf.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  Popular  Manual  of  Inter 
national  Law:  and  Life  of  T.  H.  Gallaudet. 
his  father. 

GALLAUDET,  THOMAS,  clergyman, 
philanthropist,  author,  was  born  June  3. 
1822,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  In  1852  he  found 
ed  St.  Ann's  Church  for  Deaf  Mutes  in 
Hartford,  Conn.,  and  in  1859  added  a 
church  and  rectory.  In  1885  he  founded 
the  Gallaudet  Home  for  Deaf  Mutes  on  a 
farm  on  the  Hudson  river. 

GALLAUDET,  THOMAS  HOPKINS,  ed 
ucator,  philanthropist,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  10,  1787,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  a  celebrated  ed 
ucator  of  deaf  mutes. 
who  was  superin 
tendent  of  the  Insti 
tution  for  Deaf 
Mutes  at  Hartford, 
the  first  in  the  Unit 
ed  States,  in  1817-30. 
He  is  the  author  of 
Child's  Book  of  the 
Soul;  The  Youth's 
Book  of  Natural 
Theology;  Sermons 
Preached  to  an  Eng 
lish  Congregation  in  Paris;  and  Bible  Sto 
ries  for  the  Young.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1851, 
in  Hartford,  Conn. 

GALLAWAY.  ROBERT  MACY,  mer 
chant,  banker,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1837,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  elected  president 
of  the  Merchants'  National  bank  of  New 
York  city  in  1892,  and  has  since  conducted 
the  affairs  of  this  institution  with  pru 
dence  and  success. 

GALLEGOS,  JOSE  M.,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  14, 
1815,  in  Rio  Arriba  county,  N.  M.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  legislative  assembly 
of  Mexico  in  1843-46;  a  member  of  the 
first  legislative  assembly  of  the  territory 
of  New  Mexico  in  1850-51,  and  was  elected 
delegate  to  congress  in  1854.  He  was 
speaker  of  the  territorial  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  1860-62;  quartermaster-gen 
eral  of  the  territorial  militia,  and  treasu 
rer  of  the  territory  for  five  years.  He  was 
superintendent  of  Indian  affairs  in  New 
Mexico  in  1868,  and  was  elected  delegate 
to  the  forty-second  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 


GALLEHEH,  JOHN  NICHOLAS,  bish 
op,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1839,  in  Mason  coun 
ty,  Ky.  He  was  the  third  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Louisiana. 
He  died  Dec.  7,  1891,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

GALLIGAN,  MATTHEW  J.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1854,  in  Wash 
ington  county,  Wis.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  his  profession  at  Pueblo,  Col.,  and 
served  two  terms  as  judge  of  the  county 
court. 

GALL1NGER,  JACOB  H..  journalist, 
physician,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  March  28,  1837,  in  Can 
ada.  He  practiced 
medicine  and  surgery 
from  1858  until  he 
entered  public  life, 
and  is  a  member  of 
various  state  and  na 
tional  medical  so 
cieties.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of 
New  Hampshire  in 
1872-73  and  1891; 
and  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  in 
1878-80,  being  president  of  that  body  the 
last  two  years.  He  was  surgeon-general 
of  New  Hampshire  with  the  rank  of  brig 
adier-general  in  1879-80.  He  was  chair 
man  of  the  delegation  from  his  state  to 
the  republican  national  convention  of 
1888.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-ninth 
and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a  republican, 
and  declined  renomination  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress,  and  was  elected  United 
States  senator  in  1890.  and  was  re-elected 
in  1896. 

GALLISON,  HENRY  HAMMOND,  art 
ist,  \vas  born  in  1850  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
graduated  from  Harvard  college,  studied 
art  in  Paris,  and  has  attained  prominence 
as  a  painter. 

GALLITZIN,  DEMETRIUS  AUGUST 
INE,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  22, 
1770,  in  Holland.  He  was  the  son  of  the 
Russian  ambassador  to  France,  he  came 
to  America  in  1792,  was  educated  as  a 
Sulpitian  priest,  and  founded  the  Roman 
catholic  colony  of  Loretto  in  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1803.  He  was  the  author  of  De 
fence  of  Catholic  Principles;  Appeal  to 
the  Protestant  Public;  Six  Letters  of  Ad 
vice;  and  Letter  to  a  Protestant  Friend 
on  the  Holy  Scriptures.  He  died  in  1841. 

GALLOWAY,  CHARLES  BETTS,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  about  1849  in  Mis 
sissippi.  He  is  a  bishop  of  the  methodist 
church  south,  and  the  author  of  Method 
ism  a  Child  of  Providence;  and  Aaron's 
Rod  in  Public  Morals. 

GALLOWAY,  JACOB  SC  UDDER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  14, 
1838,  in  Mendham,  N.  J.  In  1858  he  grad 
uated  from  the  Princeton  university;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the 
south  at  Memphis,  Tenn.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Tennessee  state  senate, 
judge  of  the  probate  court,  judge  of  the 
second  circuit  court  of  Shelby  county,  and 
filled  various  other  public  positions  of 
honor. 

GALLOWAY,  JOSEPH,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born  in 
1730,  near  West  River,  Md.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  assembly  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1764,  officiating  as  speaker;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  continental  congress  in  1774 
and  1775,  and  a  signer  of  the  declaration 
of  independence.  He  was  the  author  of 
Historical  and  Political  Reflections  on  the 
American  Rebellion;  and  The  Prophetic 
History  of  the  Church  01  Rome.  He  died 
Aug.  29,  1803.  in  England. 


390 


HKRRINQSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GALLOWAY,  SAMUEL,  educator,  law 
yer,  orator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
20,  1811,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  was  a 
professor  in  the  Miami  university  as  well 
as  in  Hanover  college,  Indiana.  He  was  at 
one  time  secretary  of  state;  and  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  the  thirty-fourth 
congress.  He  died  April  5,  1872,  in  Col 
umbus,  Ohio. 

GALLOWAY,  W.  T.,  physician,  surgeon, 
business  man,  public  official.  He  was  ed 
ucated  at  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  and  was  a 
graduate  of  the  Cas- 
tleton  Medical  col 
lege  of  Vermont.  In 
1857-60  he  was  regis 
trar  of  the  United 
States  land  office  at 
Eau  Claire,  Wis..  and 
filled  various  other 
public  positions  of 
trust.  In  1890  he 
was  appointed  dep 
uty  United  States 
marshal  of  Arizona, 
where  he  is  also  ac 
tively  interested  in  mining. 

GALLOWAY.  WALTER  A.,  soldier, 
merchant,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  22, 
1844,  in  Little  Rock.  Ark.  He  was  a  sol 
dier  during  the  civil  war,  and  has  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Arkansas  state  legis 
lature. 

GALLUP.  ALBERT,  congressman.  He 
was  at  one  time  sheriff  of  Albany  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1837  to  1841, 
and  was  appointed  collector  of  Albany. 
He  died  in  November,  18r>l,  in  Providence, 
R.  I. 

GALLUP,  JOSEPH  ADAMS,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Marcb  30, 
1769,  in  Stonington,  Conn.  He  was  a  Ver 
mont  physician,  and  professor  in  Vermont 
Medical  college,  which  he  founded.  He 
was  the  author  of  Epidemic  Diseases  in 
Vermont;  and  Outlines  of  the  Institutes  of 
Medicine.  He  died  Oct.  12,  1849,  in  Wood 
stock,  Vt. 

GALT,  E.  T.,  railroad  president,  was 
born  May  24,  1850,  in  Canada.  He  is 
president  of  the  Alberta  Railway  and  Coal 
company,  and  of  the  Great  Falls  and  Can 
ada  railway  at  Great  Falls,  Mont. 

GALUSHA,  JONAS,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  governor,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1753,  in 
Norwalk,  Conn.  He  was  a  revolutionary 
soldier,  and  served  at  Bennington,  Vt.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  council  from  1793  to 
1798,  and  again  from  1801  to  1805.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  general  assembly  in  1800; 
judge  of  the  state  supreme  court  from 
1795  to  1797,  and  from  1800  to  1806;  and 
governor  of  Vermont  from  1809  to  1813, 
and  from  1815  to  1820.  He  died  Oct.  8, 
1834,  in  Shaftsbury,  Vt. 

GALVANI,     WILLIAM     H.,    civil     en 
gineer,  vegetarian,  was  born  June  27,  1861, 
in  Russia.     He  emigrated  to  the  United 
__  States    in    1882,  and 

since  that  time  has 
been  engaged  in  en 
gineering  works  on 
nearly  all  of  the 
principal  railways  in 
the  Pacific  north 
west;  and  in  literary 
work,  as  an  editorial 
writer,  publisher  and 
contributor  to  peri 
odical  literature.  He 
3  well  known  as  an 
xponent  of  Panthe 
ism,  and  as  an  ardent  defender  of  the 
rights  of  all  animals  to  life  and  liberty,  on 
which  subject  he  has  written  and  lec 
tured  extensively.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Universal  Theosophical  society,  and  is 
strictly  a  vegetarian. 


GAMBLE,  HAMILTON  McSPARRIN, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1838, 
in  Moorefield,  W.  Va.  During  the  war  he 
served  in  the  confederate  army  as  a  sur 
geon,  and  was  in  charge  of  the  second 
corps  hospital.  Since  the  war  he  has 
practiced  medicine  in  Moorefleld,  Va. 

GAMBLE,  HAMILTON  ROWAN,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1798,  in  Winches 
ter,  Va.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  Missouri  at 
the  opening  of  the  rebellion  in  1861,  and 
was  made  acting  and  provisional  governor 
of  that  state,  when  the  regular  governor 
joined  the  confederacy.  He  died  Jan.  31, 
1864,  in  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 

GAMBLE,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1809,  in  Ly- 
coming  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  in  1841,  and  re-elected  in  the 
following  year.  He  was  then  elected  to 
congress  as  a  democrat,  serving  from  1851 
till  1855.  He  was  elected  president-judge 
of  Lycoming  district  in  1868,  and  served 
ten  years.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1882,  in  Will- 
iamsport,  Pa. 

GAMBLE,  -ROBERT    J.,    lawyer,    state 
senator,    congressman,   was   born  Jan.   7, 
1851,  near  Akron,  N.  Y.    He  has  been  dis 
trict   attorney;     city 

•••••HK  i    attorney  of  Yankton 

for   two   terms,    and 
T»      ,      state  senator  in  1885. 
He  represented  South 
^  0wL          Dakota  as  congress- 
man-at-large   in   the 
^L/j          ;;   fifty-fourth  congress, 
Jf^fy.  '    and  was  the   unani- 

W^.       '••    mous  nominee  of  his 
'^*^^^^^_    party  for  re-election 
jit    B|   to  the  fifty-fifth  con- 
jflfl  I   gress    in    the    year 

™  1896,  but  was  defeat 
ed  by  a  plurality  of  one  hundred  and 
eighty-two  votes  out  of  a  total  vote  of 
eighty-three  thousand.  He  has  been  an 
active  member  of  the  republican  organiza 
tion  of  his  state  for  many  years. 

GAMBLE,  ROGER  L.,  jurist,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of 
representatives  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1833  to  1835,  and  from  1841  to  1843, 
and  afterward  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  that  state.  He  died  Dec.  20,  1847. 

GAMBLE,  THOMAS,  naval  officer.  He 
was  appointed  midshipman  in  1804,  lieu 
tenant  in  1810,  and  commander  in  1816. 
He  died  October  10,  1818. 

GAMBRELL,  JAMES  BRUETON,  jour 
nalist,  college  president,  was  born  Aug. 
21,  1841,  in  Anderson  county,  S.  C.  In 
1877  he  became  editor  of  the  Baptist  Rec 
ord,  which  position  he  filled  for  fifteen 
years.  In  1893  he  was  elected  president 
of  Mercer  university  of  Macon,  Ga. 

GAMMELL,  WILLIAM,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1812,  in  Medfield, 
Mass.  He  was  an  educator  of  Rhode  Isl 
and,  and  professor  at  Brown  university 
in  1835-64.  He  was  the  author  of  Life  of 
Roger  Williams;  and  History  of  American 
Baptist  Missions.  He  died  in  1889. 

GANESVOORT,  PETER,  soldier,  was 
born  July  17,  1749,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
served  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  in 
1781  the  state  of  New  York  appointed 
him  brigadier-general.  He  died  in  1812 
in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

GANNAWAY,  WILLIAM  TRIGG,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  June  10, 
1825,  in  Virginia.  In  1857  he  was  elected 
professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in  Trinity 
college,  and  in  1863  was  chosen  president. 

GANNETT,  BARZILLA,  congressman. 
He  served  four  years  in  the  state  legisla 
ture,  and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1809  to  1811. 


GANNETT,  EZRA  STILES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  4,  1801,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man  of  prominence  in  Boston  for  many 
years,  who  published  a  great  number  of 
single  sermons  and  addresses.  He  died 
Aug.  26,  1871. 

GANNETT,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1819,  in  East 
Bridgewater,  Mass.  He  devoted  himself 
to  the  education  of  women;  established  a 
school  in  Boston,  where  it  became  known 
as  Gannett  institute. 

GANNETT,  HENRY,  topographer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1846  in  Maine.  He  has 
been  chief  topographer  of  the  United 
States  geological  survey  since  1882,  and  is 
the  author  of  Boundaries  of  the  United 
States;  The  Building  of  a  Nation;  Dic 
tionary  of  Altitudes  in  the  United  States; 
Results  of  Primary  Triangulation;  Man 
ual  of  Topographical  Methods;  and  Geo 
graphic  Dictionaries  of  Massachusetts, 
Connecticut,  Rhode  Island,  New  Jersey. 

GANNETT,  WILLIAM  CHANNING, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1840. 
He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Minneap 
olis,  and  subsequently  of  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
and  the  author  of  A  Year  of  Miracle,  a 
poem  in  Four  Sermons;  Memoir  of  E.  S. 
Gannett;  and  The  Thought  of  God  in 
Hymns  and  Poems. 

GANNETT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1854,  in  Augusta, 
Maine.  He  commenced  in  1888  the  publi 
cation  of  The  Comfort,  a  family  paper  of 
Augusta,  Maine. 

GANNON,  MARY,  actress,  was  born 
Oct.  8,  1829,  in  New  York  city.  For  years 
she  played  child's  parts,  and  later  ap 
peared  in  medley  performances  that  in 
volved  song,  dance  and  rapid  changes  of 
character.  She  died  Feb.  22,  1868,  in  New 
York  city. 

GANNON,  THOMAS  JOSEPH,  college 
president,  lecturer,  was  born  July  14, 
1853,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  In  1891  ae  was 
appointed  president  of  St.  John's  college 
of  Fordham,  N.  Y. 

GANNT,  E.  W.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
author,  was  born  March  17,  1832,  in  Ten- 
nesgee.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Arkansas  in  congress  in  1860,  but 
does  not  appear  to  have  taken  his  seat.  In 
1873  he  prepared  a  digest  of  the  laws  of 
Arkansas,  and  soon  afterwards  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  to  the  centennial 
exhibition.  He  died  June  10,  1874. 

GANO,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was  born 
July  22,  1727,  in  Hopewell,  N.  J.  In  1762 
the  First  BaptiBt  church  in  New  York  was 
organized,  and  he  became  its  pastor  and 
continued  successfully  in  this  relation  for 
twenty-six  years.  He  died  in  1804  near 
Lexington,  Ky. 

GANO,  STEPHEN  FRANKLIN,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  April  2,  1807,  in 
Georgetown,  Ky.  In  1837  he  was  elected 
to  the  legislature,  and  again  in  1847,  and 
in  1862.  He  acted  as  surgeon  of  the  sev 
enth  district  of  Kentucky  during  the  civil 
war. 

GANONG,  JANE  K.,  poet,  was  born 
Aug.  26.  1835,  in  Carmel,  N.  Y.  She  has 
contributed  extensively  to  current  litera 
ture,  and  her  poems  have  been  given  a 
place  in  several  standard  collections. 

GANSE,  HERVEY  DODDRIDGE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1822,  in 
Fishkill,  N.  Y.  In  1883  he  became  first 
secretary  of  the  presbyterian  board  of  aid 
for  colleges  and  academies,  in  Chicago, 
111.  He  is  the  author  of  Bible  Slave-hold 
ing  not  Sinful. 

GANSEVOORT,  HENRY  SANFORD, 
soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1834,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1865  he  was  promoted  to 
brigadier-general.  He  died  in  1871. 


UKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPKDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


391 


GANSEVOORT,  LEONARD,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1751  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  New  York  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1787  and  1788.  He 
died  in  1810,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

GANSEVOORT,  PETER,  soldier,  was 
born  July  17,  1749,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  commissioner  of  Indian  affairs; 
military  agent,  and  in  1809  was  made  a 
brigadier-general  in  the  United  States 
army.  He  died  July  2,  1812.  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

GANSON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1818, 
in  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  in  1862:  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He  died 
Sept.  28,  1874,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

GANTZ,  MARTIN  K.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1862,  in  Bethel. 
Ohio.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  the  city 
of  Troy;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sec 
ond  congress  as  a  democrat. 

GARARD,  LOUIS  FORD,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1847,  in 
Columbus,  Ga.  He  served  as  a  private  in 
the  civil  war.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Georgia  legislature  in  1878-81,  and  framed 
the  famous  baby  bond  bill. 

CAREER,  SILAS,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Nebraska  from  1875  to  1879. 

GARCELON, -ALONZO,  physician,  sur 
geon,  governor,  was  born  in  1813  in  Maine. 
He  served  in  the  house  of  representatives 
of  the  Maine  legislature,  and  was  surgeon- 
general  on  the  staff  of  the  governor  of 
Maine  during  the  civil  war.  He  was  an 
unsuccessful  candidate  for  congress  in 
1868  and  for  governor  in  1878.  There  hav 
ing  been  no  choice  for  governor  at  the 
election  in  1878,  he  was  elected  to  that 
office  by  the  state  legislature. 

GARD,  ERNEST  CHAPIN,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  March  22,  1857,  in  Ring- 
gold  county,  Iowa.  In  1880  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  but  preferred  literary 
pursuits.  In  1884  he  established  the  Gosh- 
en  Gazette;  four  years  later  moved  to 
Colorado,  where  he  established  the  Her 
ald  at  Palmer  Lake,  and  in  1891  he  found 
ed  the  Cripple  Creek  Crusher.  He  has 
contributed  extensively  to  the  Denver 
daily  newspapers,  and  is  the  author  of  a 
collection  of  humorous  articles  entitled 
Life's  Panorama. 

GARDEN,  ALEXANDER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  about  1685  in  Scotland. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Charleston  remembered  for  his  vigorous 
opposition  to  Whitefield.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Six  Letters  to  the  Reverend 
George  Whitefield;  and  Two  Sermons.  He 
died  Sept.  27,  1756,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

GARDEN.  ALEXANDER,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  about  1728  in  Scotland. 
He  is  a  botanical  writer  of  Charleston  for 
whom  Linnaeus  named  the  genus  Gar 
denia.  He  went  to  England  as  a  loyalist 
in  1783,  and  became  vice-president  of  the 
Royal  society.  He  died  April  15,  1791,  in 
London,  England. 

GARDEN,  ALEXANDER,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1757,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  Ameri 
can  army  during  the  revolution,  and  the 
author  of  Anecdotes  of  the  Revolutionary 
War.  He  died  Feb.  28,  1829,  in  Charles 
ton.  S.  C. 

GARDENIER,  BARENT,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1807  to  1811. 


GARDENIER,    WILSON    H.,    educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1838,  in  Mid- 
dletown,   N.   Y.     He  received   his  educa 
tion    at    the    Falley 
seminary  of   Fulton, 
Oswego,  N.  Y.     Dur 
ing      the      war      he 
raised  a  company  of 
volunteers  and   gave 
•«•    .,    his  assistance  to  the 
I   Union.    During  1865- 
I  66   he  was   principal 
^^^nKT^^^   of  one  of  the  public 
Bf^s^fl     I  schools    in    Oswego. 
I   He  was  admitted  to 
^prfl^l        I   the  bar  in   1864  and 
has  attained  success 
as  a  lawyer  of  Oswego,  N.  Y. 

GARDINER,  ADDISON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  March  19,  1797,  in  Rindge,  N.  H. 
In  1844  and  1846  he  was  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  New  York,  but  resigned  his  office 
in  the  latter  year,  having  been  elected  a 
judge  of  the  court  of  appeals.  He  died 
June  5,  1883,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

GARDINER,  FREDERICK,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1822  in  Maine.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman,  professor  in 
the  Berkeley  Divinity  school  at  Middle- 
town  from  1869,  and  the  author  of  The 
Island  of  Life,  an  Allegory;  Commentary 
on  Epistle  of  Jude;  Harmony  of  the  Four 
Gospels  in  Greek;  Harmony  of  the  Four 
Gospels  in  English;  Diatessaron;  The 
Principles  of  Textual  Criticism;  The  Old 
and  New  Testaments  in  their  Mutual  Re 
lations,  and  Aids  to  Scripture  Study. 

GARDINER,  JAMES  TERRY,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  May  6,  1842,  in  Troy,  N. 
Y.  From  1876  till  1886  he  was  director  of 
the  state  survey  of  New  York,  and  from 
1880  till  1886  a  member  of  the  New  York 
state  board  of  health. 

GARDINER.  JOHN,  legislator,  lawyer, 
was  born  in  1731  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
moved  to  Pownalboro',  Maine,  and  repre 
sented  that  town  in  the  Massachusetts 
legislature  until  his  death.  He  died  Oct. 
15,  1793,  in  Cape  Ann,  Mass. 

GARDINER,  JOSEPH  WARREN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  poet,  was  born  March  2,  1836, 
in  North  Kingstown,  R.  I.  He  studied 
medicine  for  two 
years  and  subse 
quently  engaged  in 
educational  work. 
He  has  lived  in  vari 
ous  states  of  the 
Union;  has  published 
several  newspapers, 
and  was  the  editor 
and  owner  of  the 
Dixie  Optic  of  Jeffer 
son,  N.  C.  In  1869 
he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  has  at 
tained  success  as  a  lawyer  of  Brewster, 
Neb.,  where  he  has  been  prosecuting  at 
torney,  and  a  successful  judge.  He  has 
served  as  United  States  pension  agent  and 
has  filled  various  public  positions  of 
honor.  He  has  contributed  extensively 
both  prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical 
press,  and  many  of  his  poems  have  been 
incorporated  into  standard  works. 

GARDINER,  MILLS,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1830, 
in  Russellville,  Ohio.  He  was  prosecut 
ing  attorney  for  Fayette  county  for  four 
years;  a  state  senator  from  1862  to  1864; 
and  a  presidential  elector  in  1864.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  legislature  from 
1866  to  1868;  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  in  1873;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-fifth  congress. 

GARDINER,  SYLVESTER,  physician, 
pioneer,  was  born  June  29,  1707,  in  South 


Kingston,  R.  I.  He  became  proprietor  of 
a  part  of  Plymouth  purchase  on  the  Ken- 
nebeck  river.  About  the  middle  of  the 
century  he  colonized  it  with  Germans, 
and  settled  ihe  town  of  Pittston,  from 
which  the  present  city  of  Gardiner,  Maine, 
was  afterward  set  off.  He  died  Aug.  8. 
1786,  in  Newport. 

GARDNER,  AUGUSTUS  KINSLEY, 
physician,  author,  was  born  July  13,  1812. 
in  Roxbury,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  The 
French  Metropolis;  Causes  of  Sterility; 
Conjugal  Sins;  Our  Children;  a  Handbook 
for  Parents;  Old  Wine  in  New  Bottles; 
Ships  and  Shipbuilders  of  New  York;  and 
translation  of  Scanonzi's  Diseases  of  Fe 
males.  He  died  April  7,  1876,  in  New  York 
city. 

GARDNER,  CHARLES  KITCHELL, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  in  1787  in  Mor 
ris  county,  N.  J.  He  was  a  United  States 
army  officer  who  was  postmaster  of  Wash 
ington  in  President  Folk's  administration. 
He  was  the  author  of  Dictionary  of  Unit 
ed  States  Army  Commissioned  Officers 
from  1789  to  1853;  Compendium  of  Mili 
tary  Tactics;  and  Permanent  Designation 
of  Companies,  and  lesser  works.  He  died 
in  1869. 

GARDNER,  CHARLES  L.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  May  27,  1839,  in  Cum- 
mington,  Mass.  He  has  attained  success 
as  a  prominent  lawyer  in  Palmer,  Mass. 
In  1875-76  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
Massachusetts  state  legislature  and  in 
1878-79  was  a  state  senator.  He  has  been 
United  States  revenue  assessor,  and  dis 
trict  attorney  since  1892. 

GARDNER,  DENNIS  J.,  educator,  law 
yer,  banker,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1853,  in 
Platteville,  Wis.  He  has  been  vice-presi 
dent  of  board  of  regents  of  normal  schools 
of  Wisconsin  and  president  of  the  State 
bank  of  Platteville. 

GARDNER,  DORSEY,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1842,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New 
York  city  who  was  one  of  the  revisers  of 
the  Webster  International  Dictionary.  He 
was  the  author  of  Quatre  Bras,  Ligny. 
and  Waterloo;  and  Condensed  Etymologi 
cal  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language. 
He  died  in  1894. 

GARDNER,  ELIZABETH  JANE,  artist, 
was  born  in  1842  in  Exeter,  N.  H.  Her 
specialty  is  ideal  figure-pieces.  Among 
her  important  works  are  Cornelia  and  Her 
Jewels;  Cinderella;  Corinne;  Moses  in  the 
Bulrushes;  and  Maud  Muller.  The  For 
tune  Teller  and  Corinne  received  a  medal 
at  the  Philadelphia  exhibition  of  1876. 

GARDNER,  EUGENE  C.,  architect,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1836  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  an  architect  of  Springfield,  Mass., 
and  the  author  of  Homes  and  All  About 
Them;  The  House  that  Jill  Built;  Homes 
and  How  to  Make  Them;  Illustrated 
Homes;  Home  Interiors;  Common  Sense 
in  Church  Building;  and  Town  and  Coun 
try  School  Buildings. 

GARDNER,  FRANCIS,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  27,  1771,  in  Leominster, 
Mass.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1807  to 
1809.  He  died  June  25,  1835,  in  Roxbury, 
Mass. 

GARDNER,  GIDEON,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1809  to  1811. 

GARDNER,  HENRY,  statesman,  was 
born  about  1730  in  Stowe,  Mass.  He 
served  in  the  congresses  of  February  and 
May,  1775,  which  met  in  Watertown. 
Mass.,  and  was  chosen  treasurer  of  the 
province  by  the  first  congress.  He  died 
in  1782  in  Boston,  Mass. 


MKKKIN<;SHAW8    KNCVCLOl'KLMA    OF    A.MKUICAN     HIOGKAl'HY 


GARDNER.  HENRY  J.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Massachusetts  from  the 
year  1855  to  1858. 

GARDNER,  JOHN  J.,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1845, 
in  Atlantic  county, .N.  J.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  civil  war.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  New  Jersey  state  senate  fifteen 
years,  from  1878  to  1893;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

GARDNER,  JOHN  LANE,  soldier,  was 
horn  Aug.  1,  1793,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In 
1813  he  was  appointed  lieutenant  of  in 
fantry;  was  brevetted  colonel,  and  in 
1865  was  brevetted  brigadier-general.  He 
died  Feb.  19,  1869,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

GARDNER.  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1752  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1784  and  1785.  He 
died  in  1794  in  Elkton,  Md. 

GARDNER,  SAMUEL  JACKSON,  law 
yer,  journalist,  was  born  in  1788  in 
Rrookline,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Boston,  and  subsequently  a  journalist  of 
Newark,  N.  J.,  whose  essays  over  the  sig 
nature  Decius  were  issued  in  book  form 
with  the  title  Autumn  Leaves.  He  died 
.July  14,  1864,  in  White  Mountain,  N.  J. 

GARDNER.  THOMAS,  soldier,  was 
liorn  in  1724  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  In 
1775  he  raised  a  regiment  according  to 
the  instructions  of  the  provincial  con 
gress,  and  was  commissioned  its  colonel. 
He  died  June  18.  1775,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GARFIELD,  JAMES  ABRAM.  twenti 
eth  president  of  the  United  States,  was 
born  Nov.  19,  1831,  in  Cuyahoga  county. 
Ohio.  He  learned 
the  carpenter's  trade 
at  the  age  of  four 
teen;  attended  Geau- 
ga  seminary,  Hiram 
college,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Williams  col 
lege,  Massachusetts, 
in  1856,  and  earned 
the  necessary  money 
at  his  trade  and 
teaching  school.  He 
then  became  profes 
sor  in  Hiram  college, 

and  in  1857  was  made  its  president.  He 
married  Miss  Lucretia  Rudolph  in  1858. 
In  1859  he  was  elected  state  senator.  Stud 
ied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1861.  Enlisted  Aug.  16,  1861,  and  Sept.  5 
was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  forty- 
second  Ohio  infantry.  On  Jan.  10,  1862,  he 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general,  and  afterward  to  that  of  major- 
general.  Having  been  elected  to  congress 
in  1862,  while  absent  in  the  field,  he  re 
signed  his  commission  in  the  army  upon 
taking  his  seat  in  congress  in  December. 
1863.  He  was  re-elected  eight  times  in 
succession,  and  was  finishing  his  eight 
eenth  year  when  elected  president.  In 
January,  1880,  the  Ohio  legislature  elected 
him  United  States  senator  for  six  years 
from  March  4,  1881.  The  republican  na 
tional  convention  met  at  Chicago  June  2, 
1880.  General  Garfield  headed  the  Ohio 
delegation,  and  presented  the  name  of 
John  Sherman  as  a  candidate  for  presi 
dent.  The  first  ballot  was  taken  June  7, 
and  stood:  U.  S.  Grant,  304;  James  G. 
IJlaine,  284;  John  Sherman,  93;  George 
V.  Edmunds,  34;  Elihu  B.  Washburne,  30, 
and  William  Windom,  10  votes.  On  the 
third  ballot  Garfield  received  one  vote, 
and  from  one  to  two  on  each  succeeding 
l>allot  up  to  the  thirty-third,  except  five 
ballots,  when  he  received  none.  The  bal 
loting  continued  until  June  8.  On  the 
thirty-fourth  ballot  Garfield  got  17  votes. 


The  thirty-fifth  stood:  Grant,  213;  Blaine, 
257;  Sherman,  99;  Edmunds,  11;  Wash- 
Imrne,  23;  Windom,  3,  and  Garfield,  50. 
The  thirty-sixth  and  last  vote  gave  Gar- 
field,  399;  Grant,  307;  Blaine,  42;  Wash 
burne,  5,  and  Sherman,  3.  After  an  ad 
journment,  Chester  A.  Arthur,  who  was 
also  a  delegate  to  the  convention,  was 
nominated  for  vice-president.  They  were 
elected  Nov.  4.  Garfield  was  then  repre 
sentative  in  congress,  United  States  sena 
tor-elect  and  president-elect.  Nov.  8  he 
resigned  his  seat  in  congress,  declined  the 
office  of  senator,  and  remained  at  his 
home  at  Mentor,  Ohio,  until  his  inaugura 
tion,  March  4,  1881.  On  July  2  he  was 
shot  by  Charles  J.  Guiteau  in  a  railroad 
depot  in  Washington.  He  was  removed 
to  Long  Branch,  N.  J.,  Sept.  6,  where  he 
died  from  the  effects  of  the  wound  Sept. 
19,  3881.  He  held  political  offices  about 
twenty-one  years,  and  died  poor. 

GARFIELD,  LUCRETIA  RUDOLPH, 
was  born  April  19,  1832,  in  Hiram,  Ohio. 
She  first  met  her  husband,  James  A.  Gar- 
field,  when  both  were  students  at  Hiram. 
Ohio,  and  was  married  Nov.  11,  1858,  in 
Hudson,  Ohio,  soon  after  his  accession 
to  the  presidency  of  the  college. 

GARFIELDE,  SELUCIUS,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  8, 
1822,  in  Shoreham,  Vt.  He  emigrated  to 
California  in  1851;  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  legislature  of  that  state  in  1852,  and 
in  1853  was  selected  to  codify  the  laws  of 
the  state.  He  removed  to  Washington 
territory  in  1857,  where  he  filled  the  posi 
tion  of  receiver  of  public  moneys  in  1860: 
was  surveyor-general  from  1866  to  1869: 
and  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  forty- 
first  congress  and  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
second  congress  as  a  republican.  He  died 
April  13,  1883,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

GARLAND.  AUGUSTUS  HILL,  was 
born  June  11,  1832,  in  Tipton  county, 
Tenn.  He  served  in  the  confederate  con 
gress,  and  subsequently  was  chosen  to  the 
United  States  senate,  but  refused  admis 
sion.  In  1874  he  was  for  a  short  time  act 
ing  secretary  of  state  of  Arkansas,  and 
was  elected  governor  of  that  state  in  1874. 
In  1876  he  was  elected  United  States  sena 
tor  from  Arkansas  for  the  term  of  six 
years  from  1877,  and  was  re-elected  for 
another  term  in  1882.  In  1885  he  was  ap 
pointed  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States  in  the  cabinet  of  President  Cleve 
land. 

GARLAND.  DAVID  S.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia,  from  1809  to  1811.  He  died  in 
October,  1841. 

GARLAND.  HAMLIN,  author,  was  born 
in  1860  in  Wisconsin.  He  is  a  novelist 
who  was  for  some  years  a  resident  of 
Boston,  and  then  returned  to  the  Western 
states.  He  is  the  author  of  Main  Trav 
eled  Roads:  A  Spoil  of  Office;  Prairie 
Folks;  Prairie  Songs;  Crumbling  Idols; 
Rose  of  Dutcher's  Coolly;  and  Little 
Norsk. 

GARLAND,  HUGH  A.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  June  1,  1805,  in  Nelson  county, 
Va.  He  was  professor  of  Greek  in  the 

Hampden         Sidney 

college  for  five  years, 
studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in 
1841;  and  served 
five  years  in  the  state 
legislature.  Two 
books  which  h  e 
published,  the  Lives 
of  John  Randolph 
and  Thomas  Jeffer 
son,  were  eminently 
successful.  He  died 
Oct.  15,  1854,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  greatly  mourned  by  the  pub 
lic  of  that  city. 


GARLAND,  HUGH  A.,  soldier,  lawyer 
He  joined  the  confederate  army,  was  made 
a  colonel,  participated  in  the  actions  be 
tween  the  forces  of  Generals  Hood  and 
Thomas  in  middle  Tennessee,  and  fell 
at  Franklin.  Tenn.,  while  leading  his  com 
mand.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1864,  in  Franklin. 
Tenn. 

GARLAND,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state,  from 
1845  to  1847. 

GARLAND,  JAMES  GRAY,  inventor, 
was  born  March  31,  1827,  in  Saco,  Maine 
He  is  a  cotton  mill  manager  and  the  in 
ventor  of  original  and  first  system  of  at 
mosphere  moistening  for  textile  manufac 
turing,  a  system  which  is  in  use  in  Ameri 
ca,  Europe  and  India. 

GARLAND,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1792  in  New  York.  He  served  through  the 
war  with  Great  Britain,  and  attained  the 
full  rank  of  major  in  1836,  and  that  of 
lieutenant-colonel  in  1839.  He  died  June 
5,  1861,  in  New  York  city. 

GARLAND,  LANDON  CABELL,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  March  21,  1810. 
in  Nelson  county,  Va.  He  is  a  mathe 
matician  who  held  professorships  in  sev 
eral  southern  colleges,  and  published  Trig 
onometry,  Plane  and  Spherical. 

GARLAND,  RICE,  jurist,  congressman. 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  removed  to 
Louisiana,  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state,  from  1834  to 
1840.  He  resigned  to  become  judge  of  the 
superior  court  of  Louisiana. 

GARLAND,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  was  born 
Dec.  16,  1830,  in  Lynchburg,  Va.  He 
was  chosen  captain  of  a  volunteer  com 
pany  that  was  organized  in  1859;  was 
commissioned  a  colonel  by  the  governor 
of  Virginia  on  the  secession  of  the  state, 
and  was  engaged  at  the  first  battle  of 
Bull  Run.  He  died  Sept.  14,  1862,  in 
South  Mountain,  Md. 

CARMAN,  SAMUEL,  naturalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  5,  1846,  in  Indiana 
county.  He  is  a  naturalist  of  Cambridge, 
assistant  in  the  Agassiz  museum  there, 
and  the  author  of  The  Reptiles  and  Batra- 
chians  of  North  America;  and  Reptiles 
and  Batrachians  of  Bermuda. 

GARNER,  PETER  M.,  abolitionist,  edu 
cator  was  born  Dec.  4.  1809,  in  Lancaster 
county,  Pa.  From  1847  till  1860  he  taught 
in  the  Ohio  penitentiary  at  Columbus,  and 
during  the  war  had  charge  of  the  military 
prisoners.  He  died  June  12,  1868,  in  Col 
umbus,  Ohio. 

GARNER,  W.  SCOTT,  journalist,  poet. 
was  born  Jan.  16,  1848,  in  Preston  county,. 
W.  Va.  He  has  established  and  edited 
several  newspapers,  and  his  poems  have 
appeared  in  the  leading  newspapers  and 
magazines  of  America. 

GARNETT.  ALEXANDER  YELVER 
TON  PEYTON,  physician,  was  born  Sept. 
20,  1820,  in  Essex  county,  Va.  In  1861  he 
left  Washington  and  became  a  member 
of  the  examining  board  of  surgeons  for 
the  confederate  army,  and  afterward  sur 
geon  in  charge  of  the  two  military  hos 
pitals  in  Richmond.  He  died  July  11, 1888. 
in  Rehoboth  Beach,  Del. 

GARNETT,  JAMES  M.,  agriculturist, 
congressman,  was  born  June  8,  1770,  in 
Elmwood,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  his  native  state,  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia, 
from  1805  to  1809.  He  was  president  of 
the  Society  of  Fredericksburg  for  more 
than  twenty  years,  and  toiled  laboriously 
for  the  formation  of  a  National  Agricul 
tural  society.  He  died  in  May,  1843,  in 
Elmwood,  Va. 


II  KHIUNOSHAWS     ENCTCtiOPEDIA     I-IV    AMKKICAN     HU  M  iKAl'H  V. 


393 


GARNETT,  ML'SCOE  RUSSELL  HUN 
TER,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Essex  county,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  delegates  in  1853-56.  He  was 
eiected  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress  as  a 
representative  from  Virginia,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

GARNETT,  RICHARD  BROOKE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1819  in  Virginia.  He 
became  a  captain  in  1855;  was  engaged 
in  Kansas  in  1856-57,  and  in  the  Utah  ex 
pedition  of  1858,  and  resigned  in  1861  to 
join  the  confederate  army.  He  died  July 
3,  1863-  in  Gettysburg. 

GARNETT,  ROBERT  SELDEN,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Essex  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1817  to  1827,  being 
re-elected  four  times.  He  died  July  13, 
1861,  in  Virginia. 

GARNSEY,  DANIEL  G.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1825  to  1830. 

GARRARD,  JAMES,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1749. 
in  Stafford  county,  Ky.  He  was  an  officer 
of  the  revolution;  afterward  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  Virginia,  where  he  Was 
an  advocate  of  the  religious  freedom  bill. 
He  was,  for  several  terms,  a  member  of 
the  Kentucky  legislature,  and  was  govern 
or  of  Kentucky  from  1796  to  1804.  He 
died  Jan.  9,  1822,  in  Mount  Lebanon,  Ky. 

GARRARD,  KENNER,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1830  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  served  as 
instructor  and  commandant  of  cadets  at 
West  Point.  He  served  in  the  civil  war, 
and  was  brevetted  major-general  of  the 
United  States  army. 

GARRARD,  THEOPHILUS  TOULMIN, 
soldier,  state  senator,  was  born  June  7. 
1812,  near  Manchester,  Ky.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature  in  1843-44,  and  served 
through  the  Mexican  war.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  and  served  with  dis 
tinction. 

GARRETSON,  FREEBORN,  clergyman, 
was  born  Aug.  15,  1752,  in  Maryland.  He 
was  eminently  successful  as  a  minister, 
and  preached  in  almost  all  the  eastern 
states  from  Nova  Scotia  to  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  He  died  Sept.  26,  1827,  in  New 
York. 

GARRETSON,  GARRET  JAMES,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  July  16,  1847,  in 
Newtown,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  surrogate  of 
Queens  county,  and  for  many  years  has 
been  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
-state  of  New  York. 

GARRETSON,  JAMES  EDMUND,  phy 
sician,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  4, 
1828,  in  Wilmington.  Del.  He  is  a  phy 
sician  of  Philadelphia,  and  dean  of  the 
dental  college  there  from  1879.  He  is  the 
author  of  System  of  Oral  Surgery;  Odd 
Hours  of  a  Physician;  Thinkers  and 
Thinking;  Two  Thousand  Years  Ago; 
Hours  with  John  Darby;  Brushland;  and 
Nineteenth  Century  Common  Sense. 

GARRETT,  ABRAHAM  E.,  soldier, 
farmer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  6,  1830,  in  Overton.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  Tennessee  in 
1865,  and  to  the  state  senate  in  1867.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-second  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

GARRETT,  ALEXANDER  CHARLES, 
bishop  of  Dallas,  Texas,  was  born  Nov. 
1,  1832,  in  Ireland.  He  organized  his  mis 
sionary  jurisdiction  as  the  diocese  of 
Dallas,  and  was  elected  the  first  bishop  of 
Dallas  in  1895.  The  bishop's  writings 
include:  Historical  Continuity,  a  series 
of  sketches  on  the  church;  The  Eternal 
Sacrifice,  and  Other  Sermons;  and  The 
Philosophy  of  the  Incarnation. 


GARRETT,  ANDREW,  conchologist. 
author,  was  born  April  9,  1823,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  has  explored  many  of  the  At 
lantic  and  Pacific  coasts  of  South  Ameri 
ca,  the  East  and  West  Indies,  and  pub 
lished  the  Andrew  Garrett  Fische  d§  Sud- 
see.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1887. 

GARRETT,  EDMUND  H.,  artist,  author, 
born  Oct.  19,  1853,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
has  devoted  much  time  to  illustration  and 
water  color  painting,  and  in  1890  received 
a  medal  at  Boston.  He  has  edited  im 
portant  collections  of  the  Elizabethan 
and  Victorian  poets,  and  translated  nu 
merous  works  from  the  French. 

GARRETT,  EMMA,  educator,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  in  1848.  She  attained 
•A  national  reputation  as  an  educator  of 
the  deaf  and  dumb.  She  died  in  1893. 

GARRETT,  JAMES  G.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  March 
14,  1837,  in  Edgecombe  county,  N.  C.  He 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Alaba 
ma  in  1856;  and  the  following  year  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  has  taught 
school;  was  a  soldier  and  officer  in  the 
confederate  army  of  northern  Virginia  in 
1862-65;  has  been  successfully  engaged  in 
journalism,  and  is  now  a  prominent  law 
yer  of  Birmingham,  Ala. 

GARRETT,  JOHN  WORK,  railroad 
president,  was  born  July  31,  1820,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.  He  took  a  great  interest  in 
the  development  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  railroad.  He  was  elected  one  of  its 
directors  in  1857,  and  was  its  president 
from  1858  till  his  death.  He  died  Sept. 
26,  1884,  in  Deer  Park,  Md. 

GARRETT,  ROBERT,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  April  9,  1847,  in  Baltimore. 
Md.  For  many  years  he  was  president  of 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad,  resign 
ing  in  1887. 

GARRETT.  THOMAS,  abolitionist,  was 
born  Aug.  21,  1783,  in  JJpper  Darby,  Pa. 
He  assisted  all  fugitive  slaves  who  ap 
plied  to  him  on  their  way  to  freedom.  He 
died  Jan.  20,  1871,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

GARRIGUES,  HENRY  JACQUES,  edu 
cator,  physician,  author,  was  born  June 
6,  1831,  in  Denmark.  He  is  a  Danish  phy 
sician  who  came  to  America  in  1875,  and 
since  1886  has  been  professor  of  practical 
obstetrics  in  the  post-graduate  medical 
school  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Gastro-hJlytrotomy;  and  Practical 
Guide  in  Antiseptic  Midwitery. 

GARRIGUS,  MILTON,  soldier,  educator, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1831, 
in  Wayne  county,  Ind.  For  seventeen 
terms  he  taught  school,  and  in  1859-60 
was  school  examiner,  and  also  postmaster 
at  Greentown.  During  the  war  he  served 
with  distinction — was  captain  and  acting 
adjutant  on  the  staff  of  General  Mason 
of  the  regular  army  during  1864-65.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859,  and  since 
1889  has  been  president  of  the  Howard 
County  Bar  association.  For  three  years 
he  was  superintendent  of  schools,  and  in 
1878  was  elected  state  senator,  serving 
with  distinction  for  four  years.  He  was 
twice  elected  county  auditor,  his  second 
term  of  four  years  expiring  in  1900.  He 
has  been  chairman  of  the  republican 
county  committee  for  fifteen  terms.  He 
is  one  of  the  Indiana  commissioners  to 
erect  monuments  for  Indiana  troops  on 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge  and  Look 
out  Mountain  battlefields.  He  was  twice 
commander  of  his  post  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic,  and  has  been  inspector- 
general  of  Indiana. 

GARRISON,  CHARLES  GRANT,  phy 
sician,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1849,  in  Swedesboro,  N.  J.  He  was  made 
judge  advocate  general  of  New  Jersey  in 


1884,  and  in  1882  he  was  made  chancellor 
of  the  southern  diocese  of  the  protestant 
episcopal  church  of  New  Jersey.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  supreme  court  bench  in 
1888  for  a  full  term  of  seven  years;  and 
was  reappointed  in  1895. 

GARRISON,  CORNELIUS  KINGS- 
LAND,  capitalist,  was  born  March  1,  1809. 
at  Fort  Montgomery,  N.  Y.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Gas  Light  com 
pany  of  Chicago;  chief  organizer  of  the 
Equitable  Gas  Light  company  of  Balti 
more;  and  president  of  the  Missouri 
Pacific  railroad.  He  died  May  1,  1885,  in 
New  York  city. 

GARRISON,  DANIEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Salem  county,  N.  J.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1823  to  1827. 

GARRISON,  GEORGE  TANKARD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1835,  in  Accomac  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  and  a  state  senator  dur 
ing  the  existence  of  the  confederacy.  He 
was  circuit  judge  from  1870  to  1880;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  forty-seventh  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

GARRISON,  JAMES  HARNEY,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1842 
in  Missouri.  He  is  a  clergyman  and  ed 
itor  of  religious  journals;  and  the  author 
of  Heavenward  Way:  and  Alone  with 
God. 

GARRISON,  JOSEPH  FITHIAN,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan 
20,  1823,  in  Fairton,  N.  J.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  of  Camden,  N.  J.. 
professor  of  canon  law  at  the  Philadelphia 
Episcopal  Divinity  school  for  some  years; 
and  the  author  of  The  Formation  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United 
States;  and  The  American  Prayer  Book 
He  died  in  1892. 

GARRISON.  WILLIAM  LLOYD,  jour 
nalist,  philanthropist,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1804,  in  Newburyport,  Mass. 
He  was  a  very  celebrated  anti-slavery 
journalist  of  Boston  who  established  The 
Liberator  in  1831,  and  was  its  editor  for 
the  thirty-five  years  of  its  existence. 
He  was  the  author  of  Thoughts  on  African 
Colonization;  and  Sonnets  and  Other 
Poems.  He  died  May  24.  1879,  in  New 
York  city. 

GARRISON,  WILLIAM  RE  TALLACK. 
financier,  was  born  June  18,  1834,  in  Can 
ada.  He  was  for  many  years  president  of 
the  Metropolitan  and  New  York  railroad 
of  New  York  city. 

GARRISON,  WENDELL  PHILLIPS,  au 
thor,  editor,  was  born  June  4,  1840,  in 
Cambridgeport,  Mass.  He  is  literary  ed 
itor  of  The  Nation,  New  York;  and  the 
author  of  Genealogy  of  the  Berson  Fam 
ily  of  Newport,  R.  I.;  Life  of  William 
Lloyd  Garrison:  and  also  compiled  Bed 
side  Poetry. 

GARROW,  NATHANIEL,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1827  to  1829. 

GARTH,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1827,  in  Mor 
gan  county,  Ala.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Alabama  to  the  forty-fifth 
congress. 

GARTLAND.  FRANCIS  XAVIER,  bish 
op,  was  born  in  1805,  in  Dublin,  Ireland. 
In  1850  he  was  consecrated  the  first  Rom 
an  catholic  bishop  of  Savannah.  Ga.  He 
died  Sept.  20,  1854. 

GARTLIN,  ALFRED,  congressman,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  North  Caro 
lina  from  1823  to  1825. 


HERRINUSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    UIOURAPHY. 


GARTRELL,  LUCIUS  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1821,  in 
Wilkes  county,  Ga.  In  1843  he  was  elected 
by  the  general  assembly  of  Georgia  solic 
itor-general  of  the  northern  judicial  cir 
cuit.  He  resigned  in  1847,  on  being  elect 
ed  a  representative  to  the  legislature;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1849.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  for  the  state  of  Georgia  in 
1856;  and  in  1857  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  thirty-fifth  congress  from 
Georgia;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress. 

GARVER,  JOHN  EDWARD,  physician 
and  surgeon,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1858,  In 
Sheldon,  Vt.  He  graduated  from  the  state 
university  of  Iowa;  and  from  the  Chicago 
Polyclinic  institute.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  profession  of  medicine  at 
Storm  Lake,  Iowa;  and  takes  an  active 
part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county 
and  state. 

GARVIN,  T.  M.,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  Aug.  1,  1854,  in  Ohio  county,  W.  Va. 
After  receiving  his  education  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  he  studied  Spanish  in  Phillippe's 
College  of  Languages  of  San  Francisco, 
Cal.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
West  Virginia  Bar  association.  He  has 
compiled  and  published  a  book  contain 
ing  all  the  commercial  laws  of  the  states 
and  territories;  and  for  the  past  ten 
years  has  delivered  lectures  each  week  to 
the  students  of  the  Wheeling  Business 
college  on  commercial  and  international 
law.  In  1896  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  West  Virginia  state  legislature,  and 
served  with  distinction  in  that  body. 

GARVIN,  WILLIAM  S..  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1845  to  1847. 

GARY,  ELBERT  H.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Oct.  8,  1846,  near  Wheaton,  111.  He 
attended  the  public  schools  and  Wheaton 
college;  and  in  1867  graduated  from  the 
law  department  of  the  Chicago  university. 
He  has  been  county  judge  for  two  terms; 
president  of  the  town  of  Wheaton  for 
three  terms;  and  mayor  of  that  city  for 
three  terms.  He  has  also  been  president 
of  the  board  of  education;  held  the  office 
of  state's  attorney  and  various  other  pub 
lic  offices  of  honor;  and  was  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Chicago  Bar  association.  He 
\a  a  successful  lawyer  and  general  coun 
sel  for  several  railroads  and  other  cor 
porations. 

GARY,  FRANKLIN  NEWMAN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1828,  in  South 
Carolina.  In  i852  he  graduated  from 
Maryville  college,  Tennessee.  He  became 
district  attorney  of  Tyler,  Texas,  and  was 
one  of  the  best  known  lawyers  in  that 
state.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as 
captain  in  the  twenty-third  Texas  in 
fantry,  C.  S.  A.;  and  died  in  1886.  His 
son,  Hanson  Gary,  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Tyler,  Texas. 

GARY,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  was  born 
Dec.  8,  1793,  in  Middlefield,  N.  Y.  In  1836 
he  was  transferred  to  the  Black  River 
conference,  and  in  1844  was  appointed 
missionary  superintendent  of  Oregon.  He 
died  March  25,  1855. 

GARY,  JAMES  ALBERT,  manufacturer, 
postmaster-general,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1833, 
in  Uncasville,  Conn.  He  became  a  part 
ner  with  his  father  in  the  Alberton  Cot 
ton  mills,  located  at  Alberton,  in  1861;  his 
father  dying  in  1870  he  succeeded  to  the 
head  of  the  business,  and  has  conducted  it 
since.  He  was  confirmed  as  postmaster- 
general  March  5,  1897. 

GARY,  WILLIAM  THEODORE,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  10, 
1841,  in  Cokesbury,  S.  C.  He  served  as 
first  lieutenant  of  the  South  Carolina 
college  cadets  in  1861,  and  was  major  in 


the  confederate  army.  During  1882-83  he 
was  a  member  of  the  general  assembly 
of  Georgia;  presidential  elector  in  1892; 
and  since  1893  has  been  United  States  at 
torney. 

GASKILL,  FRANCIS  ALMON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1846,  in  Black- 
stone,  Mass.  He  was  district  attorney 
of  the  Massachusetts  middle  district  dur 
ing  1887-95;  and  since  that  time  has  been 
justice  of  the  Massachusetts  superior 
court. 

GASKILL,  SILAS  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  April  18,  1824,  in  Gainesville,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  noted  lawyer  and  jurist  of  La- 
peer,  Mich.,  where  he  died  May  29,  1895. 
GASTON,  SAMUEL  BURNS,  farmer, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1855,  near 
Roanoke,  Ala.  He  has  taken  a  prom 
inent  part  in  the  religious  and  social  af 
fairs  of  his  community,  and  in  1892  and 
again  in  1896  represented  his  county  in 
the  state  democratic  conventions.  In  1896- 
97  he  served  with  distinction  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Alabama  state  legislature.  He 
writes  extensively  for  the  periodical  press, 
and  is  a  successful  farmer  of  Wildwood. 
Ala. 

GASTON,  WILIJAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1778,  in 
Newberne,  N.  C.  He  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  state 
legislature,  one  term 
as  speaker;  and  was 
a  presidential  elector 
in  1808.  He  was  a 
represent  a  t  i  v  e  in 
congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1813 
to  1817;  and  in  1834 
was  appointed  judge 
of  the  supreme  court. 
In  1835  he  was  a 
member  of  the  state 
convention  to  amend 
the  constitution.  He  died  Jan.  23,  1844. 

GASTON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  state  senator,  governor,  was  born 
Oct.  3,  1820,  in  South  Killingly,  Conn.  He 
was  city  solicitor  of  Roxbury,  Mass.,  from 
1856  till  1860,  and  mayor  in  1861-62.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  legis 
lature  in  1853-54  and  1856,  and  of  the  state 
senate  in  1868.  He  was  elected  governor 
of  Massachusetts  in  1875. 

GATES,  HORATIO,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1728  in  England.  He  was  the  first  ad 
jutant-general  of  the  continental  army, 
and  was  made  major-general  in  1776.  He 
died  in  1806  in  New  York. 

GATES,  MERRILL  EDWARDS,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  in  1848 
in  Warsaw,  N.  Y.  In  1882  he  became  pres 
ident  of  Rutgers  college,  and  served  eight 
years,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  presi 
dency  of  Amherst  college.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  American  Missionary  associa 
tion. 

GATES,  SETH  MERRILL,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  16, 
1800,  in  Winfield,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature  in  1832,  declining  a 
re-election.  In  1838  he  purchased  and  be 
came  editor  of  the  Le  Roy  Gazette.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  twenty-sixth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  twenty-seventh  con 
gress.  He  died  Aug.  24.  1877,  in  Warsaw. 
N.  Y. 

GATES,  THOMAS,  was  one  of  the  earli 
est  colonial  governors  of  Virginia. 

GATES,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1788  in  Massachusetts.  He  served  in 
the  war  with  Mexico  as  colonel;  and  from 
1846  till  1848  acted  as  governor  of  Tam- 
pico,  Mexico.  He  was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general  in  1865  for  long  and  faithful 
service.  He  died  Oct.  7.  1868,  in  New 
York. 


CATLING,  RICHARD  JORDAN,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1818,  in  Hert 
ford  county,  N.  C.  Among  his  many  In 
ventions  is  a  machine  for  sowing  wheat 
in  drills,  which  is  very  popular  in  the 
large  wheat  farms  of  the  west.  But  his 
greatest  invention  is  the  repeating  ma 
chine  gun,  known  as  the  Galling  gun, 
which  can  be  made  to  fire  four  hundred 
shots  per  minute. 

GAULT,  FRANKLIN  B.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  May  2,  1851,  in 
Wooster,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the 
Cornell  college  of  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa.  Dur 
ing  1887-91  he  was  superintendent  of 
schools  in  Tama  City,  Iowa;  and  has 
filled  the  same  position  in  Mason  City, 
Iowa;  in  South  Pueblo,  Colo.;  and 
in  Tacoma,  Wash.  Since  1892  he  has 
been  the  president  of  the  university 
of  Idaho.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  Idaho  State  Teachers'  association; 
and  is  a  member  of  the  leading  education 
al  and  scientific  bodies  in  America. 

GAULT,  GILBERT  WILLIAM,  artist, 
was  born  March  31,  1855,  in  Jersey  City, 
N.  J.  Among  his  works  are  Stories  of 
liberty  to  the  Confined;  Charging  the 
Battery;  and  Holding  the  Line  at  All 
hazards,  which  received  the  first  medal 
of  the  American  Art  association. 

GAITSE,  LIICIEN  COTESWORTH,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
25,  1838,  at  Laurel  Hill,  N.  C.  He  enlisted 
in  the  infantry  service  of  the  confederate 
army  in  1861;  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
colonel.  He  returned  to  Jacksonport  in 
July,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law. 
In  1866  he  served  one  term  in  the  general 
assembly.  In  1874  he  was  elected  to  the 
forty- fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

GAUSE,  OWEN  B.,  educator,  founder, 
was  born  June,  1825,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Homoeopathic  Medical  society  of  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  its  president  in  1869. 

GAVENEY,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  was  born 
June  30,  1863,  in  Arcadia,  Wis.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  university  of  Wisconsin, 
and  has  attained  success  as  an  able  law 
yer.  For  three  terms  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  mayor  of  his  native  city;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  committee  of  the 
Wisconsin  Semi-Centennial  exposition. 

GAWLEY,  ECCLES  W.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1850,  in  Ireland. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Michigan 
university  and  from  the  Detroit  Medical 
college.  He  is  a  successful  physician  and 
surgeon  of  Anamosa,  Iowa;  has  been 
secretary  of  the  board  of  pension  exam 
iners;  and  has  filled  various  other  po 
sitions  of  honor. 

GAY,  EBEN  HOWARD,  banker,  author, 
was  born  in  1858  in  Massachusetts.  He  is 
a  banker  of  Boston  who  has  published  A 
Treatise  on  Municipal  Bonds. 

GAY,  EBENEZER,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  26,  1696,  in  Dedham,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Hing- 
ham  from  1718  until  his  death;  and  the 
author  of  The  Old  Man's  Calendar,  a  ser 
mon  preached  on  his  eighty-fifth  birth 
day,  which  went  through  several  editions 
in  America  and  England,  and  was  trans 
lated  into  several  continental  languages. 
He  died  in  1787  in  Hingham,  Mass. 

GAY,  EDWARD  J.,  merchant,  manu 
facturer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  3, 
isiti.  in  Liberty,  Va.  In  1883,  upon  the 
foundation-  of  the  Louisiana  Sugar  ex 
change,  at  New  Orleans,  he  was  elected 
its  first  president;  and  in  1884  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Louisiana  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress,  and  received  the  re 
election  to  the  fiftieth  congress  a«  a  demo 
crat. 


HERRINOSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


39f> 


GAY,  MARTIN,  physician,  chemist,  was 
born  Feb.  16,  1803,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
had  a  high  reputation  as  an  analytical 
chemist,  and  his  frequent  testimony  as  a 
witness  in  courts  of  justice,  in  cases  of 
death  by  poisoning,  marks  an  era  in  the 
history  of  medical  jurisprudence  in  this 
country.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1850,  in  Hing- 
ham,  Mass. 

GAY,  SYDNEY  HOWARD,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1814  in  Hingham. 
Mass.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York 
and  Chicago,  and  during  the  civil  war  the 
managing  editor  of  the  New  York  Tri 
bune.  He  was  the  author  of  Life  of  James 
Madison;  and  Bryant  and  Gay's  Popular 
History  of  the  United  States,  of  which  the 
preface  only  was  the  work  of  Mr.  Bryant. 
He  died  June  25,  1888,  in  New  Brighton, 
N.  Y. 

GAY,  WALTER,  artist,  was  born  Jan. 
22,  1856,  in  Hingham,  Mass.  His  Fall 
Flowers  was  exhibited  at  the  Philadelphia 
Centennial  exhibition.  His  works  include 
The  Trained  Pigeons;  Troubles  of  a 
Bachelor;  The  Knife-Grinder;  Conspir 
acy  under  Louis  XVI;  The  Spinners;  The 
Weaver;  and  Richelieu. 

GAYARRE,  CHARLES  E.  A.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  3,  1805,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  In 
IhiiO  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature;  in 
1831  was  appointed  deputy  attorney-gen 
eral;  and  in  1833  presiding  judge  of  the 
city  court  of  New  Orleans.  In  1835  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress.  In  1843  he 
was  again  returned  to  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1846  was  appointed  secretary 
of  state,  in  which  capacity  he  served  seven 
years.  His  leading  works  are  History  of 
Louisiana;  Romance  of  the  History  of 
Louisiana;  Spanish  Domination  in  Louis 
iana;  a  dramatic  novel  called  The  School 
of  Politics;  and  a  work  on  The  Influence 
of  the  Mechanic  Arts.  He  died  in  1895. 

GAYLE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1792,  in 
Sumter,  S.  C.  In  1817  he  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  territorial  legislature;  and 
in  1823  was  elected  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state.  In  1829  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature,  and  was  speaker 
of  the  house.  In  1831  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor,  and  re-elected  in  1833.  In  1847  he 
was  elected  from  Mobile  county  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress:  and  in  1849  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  United  States  dis 
trict  court  of  Alabama.  He  died  July  21. 
1859,  near  Mobile,  Ala. 

GAYLER,  CHARLES,  dramatist,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  1,  1820,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  dramatist  of  New  York 
city,  among  whose  many  plays  are,  The 
Gold  Hunters;  Taking  the  Chances;  Fritz. 
Among  his  various  novels  are  The  Ro 
mance  of  a  Poor  Young  Man;  and  Out 
of  the  Streets,  both  of  which  were  drama 
tized  by  their  author.  He  died  in  1892. 

GAYLORD,  FRED,  engineer,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1860,  in  Ottum- 
wa,  Iowa.  For  many  years  he  was  en 
gaged  as  an  engineer 
and  railroad  con 
tractor  in  Nebraska: 
and  subsequently  be 
came  superintendent 
of  the  gas  works  of 
Kearney,  Neb.  In 
1887  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Ne 
braska  state  legisla 
ture,  and  has  served 
on  various  important 
committees.  He  has 
also  filled  various  lo 
cal  offices  of  honor  in  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

GAYLORD,  JAMES  M.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  repre 


sentative    in    congress    from     that     state 
from  1851  to  1853. 

GAZLEY,  JAMES  W.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1823  to  1825. 

GAZZAM,  JOSEPH  M.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1842,  in  Pittsburg. 
Pa.  He  received  a  thorough  education 
and  graduated  from 
the  Western  univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of 
his  native  state,  and 
now  has  a  large 
practice  in  Philadel 
phia.  For  many 
years  he  held  vari 
ous  high  offices  in 
the  city  of  Pittsburg, 
and  served  as  a 
member  of  the  city  council.  He  has 
served  with  distinction  in  the  state  sen 
ate  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature.  He  is 
president  of  the  Quaker  City  National 
bank,  and  an  officer  or  director  in  thirty 
different  companies. 

GEAR,  JOHN  HENRY,  merchant,  gov 
ernor.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
April  7,  1825,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  moved 
to  Burlington  in  1843,  where  he  engaged 
in  merchandising.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Iowa  house  of  representatives  of  the 
fourteenth,  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  gen 
eral  assemblies  of  the  state,  serving  as 
speaker  for  the  last  two  terms.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Iowa  in  1878-79,  and 
again  in  1880-81.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses; 
was  assistant  secretary  of  the  treas 
ury;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  republican.  He  was 
elected  in  1894  a  senator  in  congress  from 
the  state  of  Iowa  for  six  years,  beginning 
March  4,  1895. 

GEARY.  EDWARD  RATCHFORD,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Sept.  14,  J845,  in  West 
moreland  county,  Pa.  He  became  captain 
of  Hampton  battery,  and  subsequently  a 
lieutenant  in  Knapp's  battery,  which  post 
he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  died 
Oct.  30,  1863. 

<;KARY,  JOHN  WHITE,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1819,  near  Mount 
Pleasant,  Pa.  In  1849  he  removed  to  Cali 
fornia,  and  was  post 
master  of  San  Fran 
cisco;  and  was  first 
alcalde  of  that  city, 
and  its  first  mayor. 
He  was  governor  of 
Kansas;  and  in  1861 
returned  to  Pennsyl 
vania  and  raised  and 
equipped  the  twenty- 
eighth  Pennsylvania 
vojunteers.  He  com 
manded  in  several 
engagements  in  that 
year;  occupied  Leesburg,  Va.,  in  1862; 
and  was  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
in  1862.  He  was  appointed  military 
governor  of  Savannah  on  its  capture  in 
1864;  and  was'  chosen  governor  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1867.  He  died  Feb.  8,  1873,  in 
Harrisburg,  Pa. 

GEARY,  THOMAS  .1.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1854,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  of 
Sonoma  county  in  1882,  and  served  two 
years.  He  was  elected  as  a  democrat  and 
American  to  the  fifty-first  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat  and 
American. 


GEBHARD,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Claverack,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1821  to  1823. 

GEDDES,  GEORGE,  engineer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1809,  in  Fairmont. 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of 
the  state  of  New  York  in  1847,  and  re- 
elected  in  1849.  He  had  charge  of  lower 
ing  the  canal  of  Seneca  river,  from  185K 
till  1856.  He  died  Oct.  8,  1883,  in  New 
York. 

GEDDES,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  16,  1824,  in 
Mount  Vernon,  Ohio.  He  was  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas  for  the  sixth 
judicial  district  from  1856  to  1866,  and 
again  from  1868  to  1873.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  and 
forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

GEDDES,  JAMES,  manufacturer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  22,  1763,  in 
Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  magis 
trate  in  1804,  and  in  1821  was  in  the  state 
legislature.  In  1809  he  was  an  associate 
county  justice;  and  in  1812  judge  of  the 
common  pleas.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1813  to 
1815.  In  1822  he  was  appointed  chief  en 
gineer  of  the  Ohio  canal;  and  in  1827  as 
sisted  in  locating  the  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  canal,  as  well  as  the  Pennsylvania 
canal.  He  died  Aug.  19,  1838,  in  Onon- 
daga  county,  N.  Y. 

GEDDES,  JAMES  LORRAINE,  soldier, 
was  born  March  19,  1827,  in  Scotland.  In 
1857  he  emigrated  to  Iowa:  and  there  en 
gaged  in  educational  work.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  gallantly  in  the  union 
army,  and  was  promoted  a  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1887,  in  Ames. 
Iowa. 

GEDDES,  JOHN,  governor,  was  born 
about  1773  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was 
governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1818  to 
1820;  and  speaker  of  the  South  Carolina 
house  of  representatives.  He  died  March 
5,  1828,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

GEDDES,  NORMAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
public  official,  was  born  April  14,  1823,  in 
Livonia,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  justice  of 
the  peace  of  Adrian,  Mich.;  mayor  of  his 
city;  and  for  nine  years  judge  of  pro 
bate  for  his  county. 

GEDNEY.  JONATHAN  HAIGHT,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1798,  in  Rye. 
N.  Y.  He  invented  the  wooden  cogs  used 
in  the  cotton  manufactories.  He  died 
Aug.  7,  1886,  in  Mamaronock,  N.  Y. 

GEE.  JOSHUA,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  June  29,  1698,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  Sermon  on  the  Death  of 
Cotton  Mather;  and  two  discourses  en 
titled  The  Strait  Gate  and  the  Narrow 
Way  Infinitely  Preferable  to  the  Wide 
Gate  and  the  Broad  Way.  He  died  May 
22,  1748,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GEER,  GEORGE  JARVIS.  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1821,  in  Water- 
bury,  Conn.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man,  long  rector  of  St.  Timothy's  church 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  The 
Conversion  of  St.  Paul,  a  series  of  Dis 
courses.  He  died  March  16,  1885,  in  New- 
York. 

GEER,  WALTER,  lawyer,  manufactur 
er,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1857,  in  Williams- 
town,  Mass.  In  1886  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  newly  organized  New  York 
Architectural  Terra-Cotta  company. 

GEIGER,  LEVI,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  14,  1824,  in  Greencastle,  Pa. 
He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Urbana. 
Ohio;  has  been  prosecuting  attorney  for 
Champaign  county;  and  for  five  years 
was  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GEIS,  BENJAMIN  F.,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  27,  1860,  in  Blairsville.  Pa.  He  re- 
<-eived  his  education  at  St.  Vincent's  and 
Iron  City  college.  Pa.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Glenn 
<-ounty,  Cal. ;  has  been  city  attorney  of 
Willows  for  several  years;  and  served 
with  distinction  as  district  attorney  of 
his  county. 

GEISSENHAINER.  JACOB  AUGUS 
TUS,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
New  York  city.  He  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  1863  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty- 
second  congresses  and  re-elected  to  the 
tifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

GEIST,  JACOB  M.  W..  journalist,  was 
born  Dec.  14,  1824.  in  I^ancaster  county, 
Pa.  In  1877  he  founded  The  New  Era  of 
Lancaster,  Pa. 

GEMTJNDER.  GEORGE,  violinmaker. 
author,  was  born  April  13,  1816,  in  Ger 
many.  He  is  a  violinmaker  who  came  to 
America  from  Wurtemberg  in  1847,  and 
settled  in  New  York  city  in  1852.  He 
published  Progress  in  Violin-Making. 

GENIN,  JOHN  NICHOLAS,  merchant, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1819,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  noted  hatter  of  New 
York  city  who  wrote  a  History  of  the  Hat 
from  the  Earliest  Stages.  He  died  April 
:<0.  1878,  in  New  York  city. 

GENTH,  FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  May  17,  1820,  in 
Germany.  HP  was  a  professor  of  chemis 
try  at  the  university  of  Pennsylvania  from 
1872;  and  was  the  author  of  Ammonia 
Cobalt  Bases:  Minerals  of  North  Caro 
lina;  and  First  and  Second  Preliminary 
Reports  on  the  Mineralogy  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  died  in  1893. 

GENTRY,  MEREDITH  POINDEXTER, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  15, 
1809,  in  Rookinghani  county,  N.  C.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
legislature  of  Ten 
nessee  in  1835  and 
1837;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  c  o  n  - 
gress  from  that  state 
from  1839  to  1843, 
and  from  1845  to 
1853.  He  took  part 
in  the  rebellion  as  a 
member  of  the  con 
federate  congress. 
He  died  Nov.  2,  1866, 
in  Rockingham 
'  ounty,  N.  C.  His  death  was  greatly  de 
plored  in  his  state. 

GENUNG,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  in  1850  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  professor  at  Amherst  college;  and 
the  author  of  A  Study  of  In  Memoriam: 
The  Epic  of  the  Inner  Life,  an  annotated 
Translation  of  Job;  Practical  Elements  of 
Rhetoric;  and  The  Study  of  Rhetoric  in 
College  Courses. 

GEORGE,  CHARLES  H.,  merchant, 
hanker,  was  born  July  14,  1839,  in  Fox- 
horo,  Mass.  In  1880  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  Roger  Williams  National 
hank;  for  several  years  was  president 
of  the  Providence  board  of  trade;  and  is 
now  president  of  the  mercantile  house  of 
Charles  H.  George  and  Company. 

GEORGE,  ENOCH,  methodist  episcopal 
hishop,  was  born  in  1767  in  Lancaster 
county,  Va.  In  1816  he  was  elected  and 
ordained  a  bishop,  in  which  office  he 
served  with  zeal  and  effectiveness  for 
twelve  years.  He  died  in  August,  1828,  in 
Staunton,  Va. 

GEORGE.  HENRY,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1839,  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.  He  was  a  candidate  for  mayor  of 
New  York  in  1897,  but  died  a  few  days 
prior  to  the  election.  His  works  are: 
Progress  and  Poverty;  Our  Land  and 


Land  Policy;  The  Subsidy  Question  anil 
the  Democratic  Party;  Protection  or  Free 
Trade;  The  Irish  Land  Question;  The 
Land  Question;  and  Social  Problems. 

GEORGE,  JAMES  ZACHARIAH.  sol 
dier,  lawyer.  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  20,  1826.  in  Monroe  county,  Ga. 
He  was  a  captain  in  the  twentieth  regi 
ment  of  Mississippi  volunteers  in  the  con 
federate  states  army,  afterward  a  briga 
dier-general  of  state  troops,  and  later  col 
onel  of  the  fifth  regiment  of  Mississippi 
cavalry  in  the  confederate  states  army.  In 
1879  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Mississippi  and 
elected  chief  justice.  He  has  been  a 
United  States  senator  since  1881.  his  sec 
ond  term  expiring  in  1899. 

GEORGE,  MELVIN  CLARKE,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  May 
13,  1849,  in  Noble  county,  Ohio.  He  was  a 
state  senator  for  four  years;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Oregon  to 
the  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

GEORGE,  NATHAN  DOW.  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1808  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman, 
long  prominent  in  Maine,  and  subsequent 
ly  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  the  author 
of  An  Examination  of  Universalism;  Uni- 
versalism  Not  of  God;  Materialism  Anti- 
Scriptural;  and  Annihilation  Not  of  the 
Bible.  He  died  in  1896. 

GEORGE,  SAMUEL  CARR,  missionary, 
educator,  was  born  July  8,  1832,  in  Alle 
gheny  county,  Pa.  In  1861-73  he  was  a 
missionary  in  Siam.  In  1886  he  was  elect 
ed  professor  of  the  Sanskrit  and  cognate 
tongues  in  Wilson  Female  college  at 
Chambersburg,  Pa. 

GEORGE,  SAMUEL  WESLEY,  public 
official,  state  senator,  was  born  April  26. 
1862,  in  Meredith,  N.  H.  In  1893  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
state  legislature;  received  the  re-election 
four  consecutive  years  and  in  1897  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 

GERARD,  JAMES  WATSON,  lawyer, 
philanthropist,  was  born  in  1794  in  New- 
York  city.  It  was  through  his  efforts  that 
the  institution  now  known  as  the  house 
of  refuge  for  juvenile  delinquents  was 
founded  in  New  York,  which  was  the  first 
institution  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States.  He  died  Feb.  7,  1874,  in  New  York 
city. 

GERARD.  JAMES  WATSON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  about  1822  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city; 
and  the  author  of  The  Pelican  Papers, 
a  satire;  Titles  to  Real  Estate  in  New 
York  City;  Title  of  the  Corporation  and 
Others  to  the  Streets.  Wharves,  Lands, 
and  Franchises  in  New  York  City;  The 
Peace  of  Utrecht;  Aquarelles  (verse);  and 
Ostrea,  or  the  Loves  of  the  Oysters,  a 
collection  of  humorous  verse. 

GERE,  CHARLES  HENRY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  18. 
1838,  in  Gainesville,  N.  Y.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Oxford  academy,  N.  Y. : 
and  in  1861  graduated  from  the  Dickinson 
college,  Pennsylvania.  During  1863-65 
he  served  as  a  union  soldier  in  the  tenth 
and  eleventh  regiments  Maryland  volun 
teer  infantry,  in  1865  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Baltimore,  and  removed  the 
same  year  to  Nebraska  and  became  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Pawnee  county.  In 
1866  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Ne 
braska  state  legislature;  was  state  sen 
ator  in  1869-70  and  1881-82.  In  1885-87  he 
was  secretary  of  the  state  railway  com 
missioners;  and  in  1892  was  a  delegate  to 
the  republican  national  convention.  He 
Is  the  editor-in-chief  of  the  Nebraska 
Daily  State  Journal,  and  president  of  the 
State  Journal  company. 


GERP:,  GEORGE  GRANT,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  27.  1848,  in  Greene, 
N.  Y.  In  1886  he  was  appointed  to  the 
chair  of  surgery  in  the  California  Medical 
college.  He  has  published  a  series  of 
Lectures  on  Callopractic  Surgery. 

GERE,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  prohibi 
tionist,  was  born  March  22,  1843,  in 
Clark  county.  111.  He  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Champaign,  111.;  and  in  1896  was 
a  candidate  for  governor  on  the  prohibi 
tionist  ticket. 

GEREND,  M.  M..  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  June  17,  1858, 
in  Sheboygan.  Wis.  He  became  president 
of  the  St.  Francis  college,  and  in  189F. 
president  of  St.  John's  institute  for  deaf 
mutes.  He  is  the  author  of  Eugene  Chris 
tian:  A  Tale  of  College  Life;  In  and 
About  St.  Francis:  and  the  editor  of  The 
Good  Child. 

GERHARD,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1812  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  As  a  lawyer  he  ranked  high,  and  pub 
lished  several  carefully  edited  text-books, 
among  which  are  Starkie  on  Evidence, 
and  Joshua  Williams's  Principles  of  the 
Law  of  Personal  Property.  He  died  June 
18,  1864,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GERHARD,  WILLIAM  PAUL,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  July  30,  1854,  in 
Germany.  He  is  a  sanitary  engineer  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  The 
ater  Fires  and  Panics;  Anlagen  von  Haus- 
Erwasserungen;  Diagram  for  Sewer  Cal 
culations;  House  Drainage  and  Sanitary 
Plumbing;  Guide  to  General  House  In 
spection;  Domestic  Sanitary  Appliances; 
and  Prinzipien  der  Haus-Kanalization,  his 
principal  writings. 

GERHARD.  WILLIAM  WOOD,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  July  23,  1809,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Philadelphia 
physician;  and  the  author  of  Diagnosis 
of  Chest  Diseases;  Spotted  Fever;  Fevers; 
and  Clinical  Guide.  He  died  April  28. 
1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GERHART.  EMANUEL  VOGEL,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  13,  1817,  in  Freeburg, 
Pa.  He  is  a  German  reformed  clergyman 
of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  professor  of  theology  in 
Franklin  and  Marshall  college;  and  the 
author  of  Philosophy  and  Logic;  Mono 
graph  of  the  Reformed  Church;  Child's 
Heidelberg  Catechism;  and  Institutes  of 
the  Christian  Religion. 

GERING,  HENRY  R.,  pharmaceutical 
chemist,  was  born  April  27,  1868,  in  Cedar 
Falls.  Iowa.  He  is  president  of  the  Ne 
braska  State  Pharmaceutical  association; 
city  treasurer  of  Plattsmouth,  Neb.;  sec 
retary  of  the  board  of  trade;  and  exam 
iner  to  the  Nebraska  board  of  pharmacy. 

GERMAN.  OBADIAH,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1767  in  Dutchess 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1809  to  181f> 
He  died  Sept.  24,  1842. 

GERRISH,  THEODORE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1846.  He  is  a  clergyman 
of  Portland.  Maine;  and  the  author  of 
Army  Life;  Will  Newton,  the  Young  Vol 
unteer;  Life  in  the  World's  Wonder 
land;  and  The  Blue  and  the  Gray,  an 
army  history. 

GERRY,  CHARLES  F.,  educator,  state 
senator,  author,  poet,  was  born  June  3, 
1823.  in  Sudbury,  Mass.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Massachusetts  state  legis 
lature  in  1887;  and  for  some  years  was 
president  of  the  Hyde  Park  Savings  bank 
He  moved  to  his  native  city,  and  again 
went  to  the  legislature,  serving  one  year 
in  the  house  and  two  years  in  the  senate 
He  is  the  author  of  two  prose  works  en 
titled  Boy  Life  in  the  Country;  and  Tom's 
Island;  and  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Meadow  Melodies. 


KKK1N(}SHA\VS     KNCYCl.ol'KDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GERRY,  ELBR1DGE,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  July 
17,  1744,  in  Marblehead,  Mass  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  in  1773,  and  was 
appointed  on  the  committee  on  corre 
spondence.  From  1776  to  1785  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress,  and 
signed  the  declaration  of  independence- 
and  also  the  articles  of  confederation.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  federal  con 
gress  from  1789  to  1793;  and  in  1797  was 
appointed  minister  to  France.  He  was 
governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1810  and 
1811.  In  1813  he  was  inaugurated  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States;  and  filled 
the  office  until  his  death.  He  died  Nov 
23,  1814,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

GERRY,  ELBRIDGE,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1815,  in  Waterford 
Maine.  In  1840  he  was  clerk  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of  Maine;  and  in  1843 
was  elected  state's  attorney  for  Oxford 
county.  In  1846  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Maine  from  1849  to 

1  oOl. 

GERRY,  ELBRIDGE  THOMAS  lawyer 
was  born  Dec.  25,  1837,  in  New  York  city.' 
In  1867  he  served  the  state  as  a  member 
of  the  convention  to  revise  the  state  con 
stitution.  In  1874  he  was  conspicuous  in 
founding  the  society  for  the  Prevention 
of  Cruelty  to  Children,  and  since  1879  has 
been  its  president. 

GERRY,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1 839  to  1843. 

GERRY,  SAMUEL  LANCASTER  art 
ist,  was  born  May  10,  1813,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  He  was  an  original  member  of  the 
Boston  Art  club,  and  its  president  in 
1858.  Among  his  works  are  The  Gorge  of 
the  Rhine;  The  Old  Man  of  the  Moun 
tain;  Pasture  Gate;  and  Land  of  Beu- 
lah. 

GERVAIS,  JOHN  LEWIS,  congressman 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1753.  in  Germany.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  South  Carolina  to  the 
Continental  congress  from  1782  to  1783 
He  died  Oct.  2,  1798,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
GESCHEIDT,  LOUIS  ANTHONY,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1808,  in 
Germany.  He  came  to  this  country  in 
1835,  and  settled  in  New  York,  where  he 
became  prominent  in  his  profession,  and 
in  1870  retired  with  a  fortune.  He  pub 
lished  a  work  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye  He 
died  Aug.  20,  1876,  in  Hastings,  N.  Y. 

GEST,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1838,  in  Jackson 
ville,  111.  He  has  been  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  since  1862  in  his  native 
city.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-first 
'•ongress  as  a  republican. 

GETTY,  GEORGE  FRANKLIN,  law 
yer,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1855,  in  Grantsville, 
Md.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Smithville  academy,  Ohio;  graduated 
from  the  Ohio  Normal  university  in  1879; 
and  from  the  law  department  of  the 
Michigan  university  in  1882.  He  is  one 
of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Minnesota,  and 
has  a  lucrative  practice  in  Minneapolis. 
He  has  been  circuit  court  commissioner; 
master  in  chancery,  and  is  general  coun 
sel  for  several  of  the  largest  life  insurance 
companies. 

GETTY,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  sol 
dier,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1819,  in  George 
town,  D.  C.  He  fought  against  the  Semi- 
noles  in  1849-50  and  1856-67;  and  took 
part  in  quelling  the  Kansas  disturbances 
of  1857-58.  During  the  civil  war  he  at 
tained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 

GETZ,  J.  LAWRENCE,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  14 
1821.  in  Reading.  Pa.  He  was  for  twenty 


years  the  editor  of  the  Reading  Gazette 
and  Democrat.  In  1856  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature;  and  in  1857  re-elect 
ed  and  made  speaker  of  the  hou.se.  In 
1866  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  fortieth  congress 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-first  and 
forty-second  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

GEYER.  HENRY  SHEFFIE,  soldier, 
lawyer.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  9.  1790,  in  Fredericktown,  Md.  He 
was  an  active  member  of  the  first  two  ses 
sions  of  the  state  legislature,  and  was 
chosen  speaker  during  his  second  term 
He  served  from  1851  to  1857  in  the  United 
States  senate:  and  while  in  Washington 
participated  as  attorney  in  the  Dred  Scott 
case.  He  died  March  5,  1859,  in  St.  Louis 
Mo. 

GHERARDI,  BANCROFT,  naval  officer 
was  born  Nov.  10,  1832,  in  Jackson,  La. 
He  entered  the  navy  from  Massachusetts 
as  midshipman  in  1846.  He  was  made 
lieutenant-commander  in  1862. 

GHISELIN.  GEORGE  R..  diplomat,  was 
bora  in  1824,  in  Staunton,  Va.  During  the 
civil  war  he  was  ambassador  to  England 
for  the  southern  confederacy.  He  died 
Sept.  11,  1890,  in  New  York  city. 

GHOLSON.  JAMES  H.,  congressman 
was  born  in  1798  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1833  to  1835.  He  died  July  2  1848 
in  Brunswick,  Va. 

GHOLSON.  SAMUEL  JAMESON,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  May  19,  1808 
in  Madison  county,  Ky.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Mississippi 
from  1837  to  1838;  and  was  subsequently 
appointed  United  States  judge  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Mississippi.  He  died  Oct.  16  1883 
in  Aberdeen,  Miss. 

GHOLSON.  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1808  to  1816. 

GHOLSON,  WILLIAM  YATES  jurist 
author,  was  born  in  1807  in  Virginia.  He 
was  an  Ohio  jurist  who  published 
Speeches  on  Payment  of  the  Public  Debt 
of  the  United  States.  He  died  Sept  21 
1870,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

GIANQUE,  FLORIEN.  lawyer,  author 
was  born  in  1843  in  Ohio.  He  is  a  Cin 
cinnati  lawyer  of  Swiss  descent;  and  the 
author  of  Laws  of  Election  in  Ohio;  Elec 
tion  and  Naturalization  Laws  of  the 
United  States;  Manual  for  Ohio  Road  Su 
pervisors;  Manual  for  Guardians  and 
Trustees;  Manual  for  Assignees,  Insol 
vent  Debtors,  etc.;  Laws  of  Ohio  Relating 
to  Roads.  Ditches.  Bridges,  and  Water- 
Courses;  Manual  for  Notaries,  etc.;  and 
Appendix  to  Ohio  Revised  Statutes. 

GIBBENS,   ALVARO  FRANKLIN,   his 
torian,  journalist,  poet,  was  born  March  1. 
1837,  in  Parkersburg.  W.  Va.  He  graduated 
in  I860,  and  received  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
in  1865   from  Jefferson  'college,   Pennsyl 
vania.     He   studied   law  but   never  prac 
ticed;     taught   in   Baptist   college    of    La 
Grange,  Mo.,  in  1861;    was  editor  of  Park 
ersburg  Gazette  in  1865;    of  West  Virginia 
Journal,  1870  to  1876;    of  State  Tribune, 
1881  to  1885;    elder  in  Kanawh^.  Presby 
terian  church;    was  corresponding  mem 
ber  of  the  international   executive   com 
mittee  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  as 
sociation  in  1873;  was  postmaster  at  Char 
leston  for  years;  member  of  the  republic 
an  state  executive  committee  eight  years; 
contributor  to  Masonic  Review  and  other 
fraternal  and  literary  magazines  of  poems 
and  prose  articles;    delivered  in  1885,  at 
class     reunion,     the      quarter-centennial 
poem;     co-editor   of   Prominent    Men    of 
West  Virginia;     and  editor  of  a  History 
of  Wood    County;     and  is  vice-president 
and  charter  member  of  the  West  Virginia 
State  Historical  and  Antiquarian  society. 


GIBBES,  ROBERT  WILSON,  physician 
educator,  journalist,  scientist,  was  born 
July  8,  1809,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was 
a  physician,  educator  and  journalist  of 
Columbia,  S.  C.;  and  the  author  of  Mono 
graph  of  the  Squalida?;  Typhoid  Pneu 
monia;  Documentary  History  of  South 
Carolina;  and  Documentary  History  of 
the  American  Revolution.  He  died  in 
1 866. 

GIBBES.  ROBERT  WILSON,  surgeon 
was  born  June  10,  1831,  in  Columbia,  S  C 
He  was  professor  of  surgery  in  the  uni 
versity  of  South  Carolina  in  1872-73,  and 
was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  litera 
ture  of  his  profession.  He  died  Oct.  23 
1875,  in  Columbia,  S.  C 

GIBBES,  WILLIAM  HASELL,  soldier 
lawyer,  was  born  March  16,  1754,  in  Char 
leston,  S.  C.  He  was  one  of  the  thirty 
native  Americans  residing  in  London  who 
petitioned  the  king  against  the  series  of 
acts  of  parliament  that  were  the  immedi 
ate  cause  of  the  revolution.  He  died  in 
1831. 

GIBBON,  JOHN  OLIVER,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  20,  1827,  in  Holmes- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  a  major-general  in  the 
federal  army  during  the  civil  war  who 
published  The  Artillerist's  Manual  He 
died  in  1896. 

GIBBONS,  ABIGAIL  HOPPER,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1801,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.    She  was  one  of  the  founders 
of   the    Isaac    T.    Hopper   home    in    New 
York.    She  died  in  1893. 

GIBBONS,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  March  30,  1814,  in  Wil 
mington,  Del.  He  was  for  several  years 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  and  its  pres 
ident  in  1847;  chairman  of  the  first  re 
publican  state  committee;  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Union  league;  and  the 
author  of  its  constitution. 

GIBBONS.  EDWARD,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  state  legislator,  was  born  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  merchant  in  Boston,  and 
a  state  representative  during  1838-47.  He 
served  in  the  Mexican  war  during  1849-51 
as  major-general.  He  died  Dec.  9.  1854,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

GIBBONS,  HENRY,  physician,  author 
was  born  Sept.  20,  1808,  in  Wilmington. 
Del.  He  was  a  physician  of  San  Fran 
cisco,  professor  in  the  Pacific  Medical  col 
lege  and  was  the  author  of  an  anti-tobacco 
treatise,  Tobacco  and  Its  Effects.  He  died 
Nov.  5,  1884,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

GIBBONS,  JAMES,  educator,  was  born 
May  18,  1736,  in  Westtown,  Pa.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  general  assembly  of  Penn 
sylvania  for  the  three  years  immediately 
preceding  the  declaration  of  independ 
ence.  He  died  Oct.  17,  1823,  in  Birming 
ham,  Pa. 

GIBBONS,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author 
was  born  July  23,  1834,  in  Baltimore. 
Md.  He  is  a  cardinal  of  the  Roman 
catholic  church  since  1886;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Faith  of  Our  Fathers;  Our 
Christian  Heritage;  and  The  Ambassador 
of  Christ. 


GIBBONS,  JAMES  SLOAN,  merchant, 
author,  was  born  July  1,  1810,  in  Wilming 
ton,  Del.  He  was  a  prominent  financier 
and  philanthropist  of  New  York  city.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Banks  of  New 
York;  and  The  Public  Debt  of  the  United 
States.  He  wrote  the  popular  war  song. 
We  Are  Coming,  Father  Abraham. 

GIBBONS,  JOSEPH,  journalist,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1818,  near 
Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  the  first  candidate 
of  the  liberty  party  for  vice-president  of 
the  United  States  in  1840.  He  was  regard 
ed  as  one  of  the  founders  of  the  republi 
can  party  in  his  native  state.  He  estab 
lished  the  Friends'  Journal  in  1873.  He 
died  Dec.  9,  1883.  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 


::98 


HKRRING8HAVT8    KNCYCLOPKIMA    OF    AMKRICAX    JUOGRAPHY. 


GIBBONS,  MRS.  PHCKBE  EARLE,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1826  in  Pennsylvania. 
.She  is  an  author  of  Lancaster  county,  Pa., 
and  the  author  of  Pennsylvania  Dutch, 
and  Other  Essays;  and  French  and  Bel 
gians. 

GIBBONS.  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  a  citizen  of  Georgia;  and  in  1801 
he  was  appointed  district  judge  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  state  of  Geor 
gia. 

GIBBONS,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Georgia  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1784  to  1786. 

GIBBONS,  WILLIAM,  philanthropist, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1781,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  philanthropist  and 
scientist  of  Wilmington,  Del.  He  wrote 
Truth  Vindicated,  a  notably  clear  exposi 
tion  of  the  principles  of  the  Friends.  He 
died  July  25,  1845,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

GIBBS,  ADDISON  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  July  9,  1825,  in 
East  Otto,  N.  Y.  In  1851  he  was  a  volun 
teer  in  the  Indian  war  in  Oregon.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  legislature  during 
the  session  of  1852-53.  In  1862  he  was 
fleeted  governor  of  Oregon,  and  served 
four  years.  He  was  twice  elected  district 
attorney;  was  deputy  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  four  years,  and  United 
States  district  attorney  for  two  years. 

GIBBS,  EBENEZER  L.,  educator,  was 
born  Oct.  1,  1822.  in  East  Windsor,  Conn. 
After  receiving  his  education  at  the  Alle 
gheny  college  he  entered  educational 
work  and  for  years  taught  select  schools. 
He  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Orwell, 
Ohio,  under  General  Harrison,  which  he 
held  through  both  parties.  Since  1859  he 
has  filled  various  public  positions  of  trust 
in  his  town,  county  and  state. 

GIBBS.  FRED  C.,  merchant,  writer,  and 
political  reformer,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1856, 
in    St.    Paul,    Minn.      His    parents    were 
among   the   pioneers 
of     Minnesota.       He 
received    his    educa 
tion   in  the  common 
and   high  schools  of 
Schttylerville,    N.    Y. 
He    is    a    successful 
merchant  of    Water- 
ville,      Minn.;       has 
been  city  councilman 
y  ^H  m^-          j    and  served  as  chair- 
^^  I   man  of  the  People's 

-     \  |   party    of    the     state 

central       committee. 

He  has  written  extensively  on  political 
reform;  has  been  a  thoughtful  student 
of  political  and  social  economics;  and  is 
a  nationalist  in  the  fullest  and  broadest 
sense  of  the  term.  He  is  one  of  the 
thinkers  of  his  day,  and  a  leader  of  the 
people  in  his  state. 

GIBBS,  GEORGE,  mineralogist,  was 
born  Jan.  7.  1776.  in  Newport,  R.  I.  On 
his  return  from  abroad  to  Rhode  Island 
he  brought  with  him  the  most  extensive 
and  valuable  collection  ever  seen  in  the 
United  States  up  to  that  time.  It  con 
sisted  of  the  collection  of  Gigot  d'Orcy, 
Containing  4.000  specimens,  and  that  of 
Count  Gregoire  de  Razamowsky,  contain 
ing  6,000  specimens.  He  died  Aug  6 
1833,  in  Sunswick,  L.  I. 

GIBBS,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  antiquarian, 
author,  was  born  July  17,  1815,  In  Astoria. 
L.  I.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  antiquarian 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  The 
Judicial  Chronicle;  Dictionary  of  the 
Chinook  Jargon,  or  Trade  Language  of 
Oregon;  Comparative  Vocabulary;  Re 
search  Relative  to  the  Ethnology  and 
Philology  of  America;  and  Suggestions 
Relating  to, Scientific  Observation  in  Rus 
sian  America.  He  died  April  9.  1873.  in 
New  Haven.  Conn. 


GIBBS,  JOHN  L.,  farmer,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  lieutenant-governor,  was  born 
May  3,  1838,  in  Bradford  county,  Pa.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  common  schools  of  South  Hill, 
Pa.,  and  attended  the  Le  Raysville  acad 
emy  and  the  Susquehanna  Collegiate  in 
stitute.  In  1861  he  graduated  from  the 
Ann  Arbor  Law  school,  and  settled  in 
Minnesota  the  same  year.  He  has  taught 
school  in  Pennsylvania,  Iowa  and  Minne 
sota.  In  1862  he  was  elected  county  at 
torney  of  Freeborn  county,  and  served  one 
term.  He  has  served  six  terms  in  the 
legislature  of  Minnesota,  beginning  with 
the  session  of  1864;  was  speaker  of  the 
house  of  representatives  in  1877  and  also 
in  1885;  was  appointed  railroad  commis 
sioner  in  1887  and  served  four  years.  He 
was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  since  1864  has 
had  no  other  occupation.  In  1896  he  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Minnesota. 
He  is  known  all  over  the  state  as  an  en 
thusiastic  advocate  of  co-operative  dairy 
ing,  and  he  has  himself  one  of  the  largest 
dairy  interests  in  the  state. 

GIBBS,  JOSIAH  WILLARD,  philologist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  April  30.  1790, 
in  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  a  philologist  who 
was  professor  of  sacred  literature  at  Yale 
university  in  1824-61.  and  the  author  of 
Philological  Studies;  New  Latin  Analyst; 
and  Teutonic  Etymology.  He  died  March 
25,  1861.  in  New  Haven.  Conn. 

GIBBS,  JOSIAH  WILLARD,  educator, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1839, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  is  a  professor 
of  physics  at  Yale  university,  and  the  au 
thor  of  scientific  papers  and  monographs. 
GIBBS,  LAMBERT  FRANCIS  HEBER, 
clergyman,  educator,  journalist,  was  born 
Nov.  9,  1866,  in  Ware,  Mass.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  high  schools 
of  Ware  and  Amherst,  and  attended  Am- 
herst  college.  He  was  pastor  in  Wash 
ington  and  Idaho  in  1890-91;  was  princi 
pal  of  the  Union  Town  schools,  Washing 
ton,  during  1891-95;  and  since  then  has 
been  editor  and  owner  of  the  News-Let 
ter  of  Colton,  Wash. 

GIBBS,  MIKFLIN  W1STER.  jurist,  was 
born  April  17.  1823.  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
In  1872  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
convention  of  col 
ored  men  at  New 
Orleans;  was  presi 
dential  elector  in 
1876,  and  the  same 
year  was  appointed 
register  of  the  Unit 
ed  States  land  office 
by  President  Hayes, 
being  re-appointed 
to  the  same  office  in 
1881  by  President 
Arthur.  In  1884  he 
was  delegate  at 
large  to  the  national  republican  conven 
tion,  and  also  in  1892  and  in  1896.  He  was 
appointed  receiver  of  public  moneys  at 
Little  Rock  in  1890;  and  was  appointed  a 
commissioner  to  sell  government  reserve 
lauds  at  Hot  Springs  in  1892;  and  in  1897 
was  appointed  by  President  McKinley 
United  States  consul  to  Tnmatave,  Mad 
agascar. 

GIBBS,  OLIVER  WOLCOTT,  educator, 
chemist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1822. 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  chemist  of  dis 
tinction.  Rumford  professor  at  Harvard 
university,  and  author  of  scientific  papers. 
GIBBS,  WILLIAM  CHANNING.  gov- 
•  Tiior,  was  born  in  17X7.  He  was  governor 
of  Rhode  Island  from  1821  to  1824.  He 
died  Feb.  21,  1871,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

GIBBS.  WILLIAM  .1..  lawyer,  was  born 
Keli.  15.  1847,  in  Bienville  Parish.  La.  He 
graduated  In  law  from  the  Washington 
and  Lee  university  with  the  degree  of 
H.  L.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  and  real 


estate  dealer  of  Corsicana,  Texas,  where 
he  has  held  the  office  of  city  attorney  for 
three  terms.  He  has  served  as  mayor  of 
Mexia;  and  has  been  justice  of  the  peace 
of  Limestone  county,  Texas. 

GIBBS,  WOLCOTT,  scientist,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1822,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  noted  scientist  and 
author  of  many  valuable  researches,  and 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  American  Jour 
nal  of  Science  and  Arts. 

GIBNEY,  VIRGIL  PENDLETON,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
29,  1847,  in  Jessamine  county,  Ky.  He 
has  been  for  several  years  consulting  or 
thopedic  surgeon  to  the  Nursery  and 
Child's  hospital  of  New  York  city.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  work  entitled  The  Hip  and 
Its  Diseases. 

GIBSON,  CHARLES  BELL,  surgeon. 
was  born  Feb.  16,  1816,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
When  the  state  of  Virginia  seceded  he 
was  made  surgeon-general,  became  the 
chief  consulting  surgeon  and  operator  In 
Richmond,  and  died  from  heart  disease 
induced  by  excessive  labor  and  fatigue 
He  died  April  23,  1865,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

GIBSON,  CHARLES  HOPPER,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Jan.  19,  1842,  in  Queen  Anne  county. 
Md.  In  1869  he  was 
appointed  auditor 
and  commissioner  in 
chancery;  in  1870  re 
signed  to  accept  the 
office  of  state's  attor 
ney  for  Talbot  coun 
ty,  Md..  to  which  he 
was  appointed  by  the 
court,  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  office.  IL 
1871,  for  a  full  term, 
and  was  re-elected 
in  1875.  In  188*4  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Mary 
land  to  the  forty-ninth  congress,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat.  In  1891-97  he 
was  a  United  States  senator. 

GIBSON,  ELLA  ELVIRA,  lecturer,  poet, 
was  born  May  8.  1821,  in  Winchendon. 
Mass.  During  the  early  part  of  the  civil 
war  Miss  Gibson  was  engaged  in  organ 
izing  soldiers'  ladies'  aid  societies  in  Wis 
consin.  She  was  connected  with  the 
eighth  Wisconsin  regiment  volunteers, 
known  as  the  Live  Eagle  regiment.  In 
18G4  she  was  appointed  chaplain  of  the 
first  Wisconsin  heavy  artillery.  She  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems. 

GIBSON,  EUSTACE,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1841,  in 
Culpeper,  Va.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a 
tepresentative  in  the  state  legislature, 
and  was  chosen  speaker.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  .West  Virginia  to 
the  forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

GIBSON.  GKORGE,  soldier,  was  born 
Oct.  10,  1747.  in  Lancaster.  Pa.  When  the 
revolution  began  he  raised  a  company  of 
one  hundred  men.  and  was  appointed  cap 
tain  of  a  state  regiment.  In  1791  he  took 
command  of  a  regiment  in  the  St.  Clair 
expedition  against  the  Ohio  Indians.  He 
died  Dec.  14.  1791,  in  Fort  Jefferson,  Ohio 
GIBSON,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1783  in  Pennsylvania.  He  entered  the 
army  from  civil  life,  and  was  appointed 
captain  of  infantry  in  1SOS;  and  was  pro 
mote,!  major  in  1X11.  He  died  Sept.  29. 
ixill.  in  Washington.  I).  C. 

GIBSON.  GEORGE  RUTLEDGE,  flnan 
cier.  author,  was  born  Jan.  20.  1853.  in  Au- 
Inirn.  III.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Berlin 
Bourse;  and  The  Stock  Exchange  of  Ixin- 
don.  Paris  and  New  York. 


HERRING 

GIBSON,  HENRY  R.,  lawyer,  jurist 
journalist,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  24,  1837,  in  Kent  Island.  Md.  In  1865 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1870  was 
a  member  of  the  Tennessee  constitutional 
?ony,ention;  a  number  of  the  state  senate 
in  1871-72;  and  a  member  of  the  house  of 
representatives  in  1875.  During  1886-94 
he  was  judge  of  the  chancery  court  of 
Tennessee;  and  in  1890  was  elected  pro 
fessor  of  medical  jurisprudence  in  the 
Tennessee  Medical  college.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.  He  is  the  edi 
tor  of  the  Republican  and  Chronicle  of 
Knoxville.  Tenn.:  and  the  author  of 
Suits  in  Chancery. 

GIBSON.  HORATIO  GATES,  soldier 
was  born  May  22.  1827,  in  Baltimore  Md' 
He  is  a  noted  United  States  army  officer 
now  retired.  He  was  brevetted  second 
lieutenant  to  colonel  of  the  third  artillery- 
and  was  brevetted  brigadier-general. 

GIBSON,  JAMES,  soldier,  journalist 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  Sept  5 
1816,  in  Salem,  N.  Y.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  county  judge:  and  in  1866  he  was 
elected  state  senator;  and  served  gallant 
ly  through  the  civil  war.  His  name  is 
closely  identified  with  the  business  affairs 
of  Salem,  Mass..  where  he  was  the  editor 
of  The  Review-Press.  He  died  June  6 
1897. 

GIBSON,  JAMES  KING,  soldier,  far 
mer,  merchant,  congressman  was  born 
Feb.  18,  1812,  in  Abingdon,  Va.  He  was 
postmaster  at  Abingdon  from  1838  until 
He  was  teller  in  the  Exchange 
bank  of  Virginia  at  Abingdon  in  1849,  and 
notary  public.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-first  congress  as  a  democrat. 

GIBSON,  JAMES  W.,  lawyer,  soldier 
journalist,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1845  in 
Detroit,  Mich.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  union  sol 
dier  during  the  civil 
war.  Has  practiced 
law  successfully  for 
more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century,  and  for 
nine  years  served  as 
county  judge.  He  is 
the  editor  and  joint 
owner  of  The  Week 
ly  Press  of  Newton. 
111.  His  poems  have 
been  given  a  place  in 
Poets  of  America, 
and  other  standard  collections. 

GIBSON.  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer  jurist 
was  born  May  23,  1740,  in  Lancaster.  Pa. 
He  served  in  the  revolutionary  war.  He 
was  a  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
and  a  general  of  militia.  In  1800  he  was 
appointed  secretary  of  the  territory  of 
Indiana,  holding  the  position  until  it  be 
came  a  state.  He  was  acting  governor  of 
Indiana  from  1811  to  1813.  He  died  April 
10,  1822,  near  Vincennes,  Ind. 

GIBSON,  JOHN  BANNISTER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Nov  8 
1780,  in  Carlisle.  Pa.  In  1810-11  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1813  was  appointed  a  judgp 
of  the  eleventh  district.  He  died  Mav  3 
1853,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GIBSON.  LOUIS  HENRY,  architect  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1854  in  Indiana.  He  is 
an  architect  of  Indianapolis:  and  the  au 
thor  of  Beautiful  Houses,  a  Study  in 
House-building;  Convenient  Houses- 
Gradual  Reduction  Milling;  and  Artistic 
Houses  at  Moderate  Cost. 

GIBSON,  RANDALL  LEE,  soldier  law 
yer,  congressman.  United  States  senator 
was  born  Sept.  10.  1832,  in  Springfield' 
Ky.  He.  attained  the  rank  of  major-gen 
eral  in  the  confederate  army:  and  after- 


SHAWS    KNfVCLOPKI.IA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ward  settled  in  the  practice  of  law  in 
New  Orleans.  La.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  for 
ty-fifth,  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses;  and  was  elected  a  senator  of  the 
1  nited  States  from  Louisiana  in  1882-  and 
was  re-elected  in  1888.  He  died  Dec.  15. 


GIBSON.  ROBERT  WILLIAMS,  archi 
tect  was  born  Nov.  17,  1854.  in  England. 
He  has  attained  a  national  reputation  as 
iin  architect. 

GIBSON.  TOBIAS,  pioneer,  was  born 
Nov.  10,  1771,  in  Liberty,  S.  C.  He  made 
lour  trips  while  a  missionary  through 
the  wilderness  to  the  Cumberland  and 
laid  the  foundations  of  methodism  in  the 
southwest.  He  died  April  10  1804  in 
Natchez.  Tenn. 

GIBSON.  WILLIAM,  physician,  educa- 
•tor.  was  born  in  1788  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  was  a  famous  physician  of  Philadel 
phia,  professor  of  surgery  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania  in  1819-55;  and  the 
author  of  Principles  and  Practice  of  Sur 
gery;  and  Rambles  in  Europe  He  died 
March  2,  1868,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

GIBSON,  WILLIAM,  naval  officer  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1826  in  Maryland  He 
was  a  United  States  naval  officer  retired 
in  1879;  and  the  author  of  Sailing  Di 
rections  for  the  Kattegat,  etc.;  Poems  of 
Many  Years;  Vision  of  Faery  Land  and 
Other  Poems;  a  translation  of  the 'Mis 
cellaneous  Poems  of  Goethe.  He  died  in 
1 887. 

GIBSON.  WILLIAM  HAMILTON  ar 
tist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1850  in  San 
dy  Hook,  Conn.  He  was  an  artist  and 
author  of  New  York  city  who  has  illus 
trated  his  own  writings;  and  the  author 
of  The  Complete  American  Trapper-  Pas 
toral  Days;  Highways  and  Byways' 
Strolls  by  Starlight  and  Sunshine;  '  Happy 
Hunting-Grounds;  Sharp-Eyes  a  Ram 
bler's  Calendar;  Camp  Life  in  the  Woods- 
and  Our  Edible  Toadstools  and  Mush- 
rot)  ms. 

GTDD1NGS.  ALMENA.  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  14,  1838,  in  Hart- 
land.  Conn.  She  wrote  under  various 
names,  and  published  a  volume  of  poems 
entitled  My  Welcome  Beyond  and  Other 
Poems. 

GIDDINGS.  ARM1X.  lawyer  legislator 
was  born  May  31,  1822,  in  Sherman,  Conn' 
For  fourteen  years  he  was  judge  of  pro 
bate;  was  a  member  of  the  state  legisla 
ture  during  1851-56;  state  senator  during 
1857-64;  and  in  1864  he  was  appointed  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Montana.  He  died  Feb.  13,  1882  in  Sher 
man,  Conn. 

GIDDINGS.  I)E  WITT  C.,  soldier  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  July  18,  1827 
in  Susquehanna  county.  Pa.  He  served 
as  a  soldier  in  the 
confederate  army.  He 
was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional 
convention  of  1866. 
He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-secon  d  con- 
.  gress,  and  re-elected 
I  to  the  forty-third 
congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat.  He  served 
on  numerous  im 
portant  committees  while  a  member  of 
congress. 

.GIDDINGS.  EDWARD  FULLER  law 
yer,  journalist,  was  born  May  1.  1859.  in 
Eaton.  N.  Y.  He  was  the  one-time  editor 
of  the  Springfield  Union.  Mass.;  and  i« 
now  an  able  lawyer  of  Chicago.  Ill 


399 

GIDDINGS.      EDWARD      JONATHAN 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov  24   1831 
m  Great  Barrington,  Mass.    He  is  clergv 
man  of  the  congregationalist  church-  and 
the  author  of  Christian  Rulers  of  America 
GIDDINGS.  FRANKLIN  HENRY    edu 
••ator,  journalist,  author,  born  March  23~ 
*»*.   m   Sherman,   Conn.     In   1888    after 
years  of  editorial  work,  he  was  appointed 
to  the  chair  of  political  science  in   BIT 
Mawr   college.    Pa.      While    holding   tha 
Position  he  delivered  a  series  of  ?ectures 
on  Sociology  at  Columbia  college    NY 
and  since  1891  has  filled  the  chair' on  that 
subject  m  that  institution.    He    s  the 
thnr    nf  a    ,.Q,.,.    „!,!_  ..."  Lue 


GIDDINGS,  J.  WIGHT,  journalist    law 
yer   state  senator,  was  born  Sept  27   1858 

SrST-Thrt    HP   "   '"tor   and 
nei    of   The    News    of   Cadillac     Mich 
886-90  he  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Michigan  state  senate;    was   lieuten 
ant-governor  of  Michigan  durine:  ISfla  a 
and  has  been  judge  of  tV  recorders  court. 
GIDDINGS.    JOSHUA     REED,     lawyer 
abolitionist,    diplomat,    congressman    au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1795,  in  Athens   Pa 
He  was  elected  to  the 
Ohio    legislature    in 
1826;     was  a    repre 
sentative  in  congress 
from  Ohio  from  1838 
to     1859;      and     for 
many    years     recog 
nized  as  one  of  the 
leaders  of  the  anti- 
slavery     party.       in 
1861     he     was     ap 
pointed     consul-gen 
eral  of  British  North 


t  years  he  was  probate  judge  of 
Kalamazoo  county,  Mich.  In  1871  he  was 
appomted  governor  of  New  Mexico  Tnd 
died^while  ,„  office  on  June  3.  1875.  in  San 

GIDDINGS.   M1NOT  S..  merchant,     au 
thor,  was  born  March  19,  1837    in  Sher 
man.  Conn.    He  was  a  candidate  for  state 

be?ro?e^ttlVe-  and  S6VeraI  Umes  a  »«n- 
bei  of  state  conventions.    In  1882  he  pub 

MBhod  a  genealogy  of  the  Giddings  Fam- 

GIDDINGS,  ORIEN  NOBLE,  legislator 
jurist,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1814  in  Beek- 
man.  N.  Y.  He  was  one  of  the  first  ma 
•strates  of  Charleston,  Mich  and  in  ™& 
46  was-  a  member  of  the  Michigan  state 
legislature.  In  1865  he  was  appointed 
quartermaster-general  of  his  state 

GIDDINGS,     ROCKWOOD,     clergyman. 
college  president,  was  born  Aug.  8   1812   in 
Plymouth.    N.    H.      In    1838    he    was   kp 
pomted   president   of  the  Baptist  college 
°{    Georgetown.    Ky.      He    died    Oct.    29. 


GIDDINGS.  SALMON,  clergyman  mis 
sionary,  was  born  March  2,  1782  in  Hart- 
land.  Conn.  In  1817  he  organized  the 
First  Presbyterian  church  in  St.-  Louis 
Mo.,  and  died  Feb.  1.  1828,  and  his  re 
mains  were  deposited  in  a  vault  construct 
ed  for  the  purpose  under  the  pulpit  of  his 
church. 


.00 


IIKKKINCSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OK    AMKHH'AX    HIOCRAPHY. 


GIESSLEH.  HENRY  FRANKLIN,  law 
yer,  banker,  state  legislator,  was  born  Oct. 
15,  1853.  near  Hanover,  Pa.  In  1886  he 
moved  to  Kansas,  and  there  founded  with 
his  brother  the  Bank  of  Oakley.  In  1897 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Kansas 
house  of  representatives. 

GIFFE,  WILLIAM  T..  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  June  28.  1848,  in  Port 
land.  Ind.  He  is  the  author  of  Giffe's 
Practical  Course  in  Harmony  and  Musi 
cal  Composition,  and  a  number  of  popu 
lar  music  books  for  singers.  He  is  the 
president  of  the  Home  Music  company  of 
Logansport,  Ind. 

GIKFORD.  ARCHER,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1797  in  Newark,  N.  J.  He 
published  a  Digest  of  the  Statutory  and 
Constitutional  Constructions  delivered  in 
the  Supreme  Court  and  Court  of  Errors 
and  Appeals  of  New  Jersey;  and  Unity 
of  the  Liturgy.  He  died  May  12,  1859.  in 
Newark.  N.  J. 

GIFFORD.  FRED  W..  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  March  8.  1857,  in  East  Arling 
ton,  Vt.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  Iowa.  For  se\eral  years  he 
wasa  justice  of  the  peace  at  Independence. 
Iowa;  and  subsequently  served  as  police 
judge  of  Kansas  City.  Mo.  He  is  one  of 
the  leading  lawyers  of  Missouri;  and  has 
tilled  numerous  positions  of  honor  in  Kan 
sas  City. 

GIFFORD.  HARRY  ELLSWORTH, 
genealogist,  was  born  Jan.  27.  1865,  in 
New  Bedford.  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Gifford  Genealogy. 

GIFFORD,  MIRAM  W..  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  3,  1851,  in  Canada. 
For  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has 
been  actively  engaged  in  the  ministry  of 
the  methodlst  episcopal  church,  and  now 
tills  a  pastorate  in  Howell,  Mich.  He  has 
received  the  degrees  of  M.  A.  and  Ph.  I).; 
and  is  the  author  of  several  scientific  and 
philosophical  works,  the  most  notable  of 
which  is  Laws  of  the  Soul,  or  the  Science 
of  Religion  and  the  Future  Life. 

GIFFORD.  ORIN  P..  clergyman,  reform 
er,  was  born  April  15.  1847,  in  Montague. 
Mass.  Since  1894  he  has  filled  a  pastor 
ate  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Besides  his  church 
work  he  has  always  taken  an  active  part 
in  municipal  reform  work. 

GIFFORD.  OSCAR  SHERMAN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  20. 
1842,  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.  He  served  in 
the  union  army  as 
private  In  the  Elgin 
(Illinois)  battery 
from  1863  to  1865; 
studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1870,  and  engaged  In 
the  practice  of  law 
at.  Canton.  Dakota. 
He  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  for 
Lincoln  county  in 
1874;  and  in  1882 
and  1883  was  mayor 
of  the  city  of  Canton.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  constitutional  convention  of  Da 
kota  which  convened  at  Sioux  Falls  in 
1883;  and  was  elected  delegate  from  Da 
kota  to  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  flfty- 
tlrst  congresses  as  a  republican. 

GIFFORD,  ROBERT  SWAIN,  artist, 
was  born  Dec.  23,  1840,  in  Naushon,  Mass. 
He  made  an  extensive  sketching  tour  in 
Oregon  and  California  in  1869,  and  fur 
nished  'views  from  these  stateo  to  Pic 
turesque  America. 

GIFFORD,      SANFORD        ROBINSON. 

landscape  painter,   was  born   in   Saratoga 


county.  N.  Y.  His  best  works  are  The 
Storm;  and  Camp  of  the  Seventh  Regi 
ment. 

GIGER,  GEORGE  MUSGRAVE,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  June  6.  1822.  in  Phila 
delphia.  Pa.  He  was  elected  adjunct  pro 
fessor  of  Greek  in  1846,  and  professor  of 
Latin  in  1854  in  Princeton  university.  He 
bequeathed  his  books  and  thirty  thou 
sand  dollars  to  that  college.  He  died  Oct. 
11.  1X65.  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GIHON,  ALBERT  LEARY,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1833.  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1872  he  was  medical  in 
spector;  and  in  1879  medical  director.  He 
completed  forty  years  of  active  service  in 
1895.  and  was  retired  from  active  duty  by 
limitation  of  age  with  rank  of  commo 
dore.  His  principal  works  are:  Practical 
Suggestions  in  Naval  Hygiene;  Need  of 
Sanitary  Reform  in  Ship  Life;  Sanitary 
Commonplaces  Applied  to  the  Navy;  and 
Prevention  of  Venereal  Disease  by  Legis 
lation. 

GILBERG.  CHARLES  ALEXANDER, 
chess-player,  was  born  June  17,  1835,  in 
Camden,  N.  J.  He  is  widely  known  as  an 
amateur  chess-player,  and  has  served  as 
judge  in  almost  e\ery  public  contest  that 
has  taken  place.  His  chess  library  of 
more  than  1,500  volumes  is  the  largest  in 
this  country  with  the  exception  of  that  of 
John  G.  White,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

GILBERT.  ABIJAH,  merchant.  United 
States  senator,  was  born  June  18.  1806,  in 
Gilhertsville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  student  at 
Hamilton  college,  but 
ill-health  prevented 
him  from  graduating. 
He  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits  in 
New  York  and  else 
where.  He  removed 
to  Florida  for  the 
health  of  his  family; 
and  was  elected  a 
senator  in  congress 
from  that  state  for 
the  term  commenc 
ing  in  1869  and  end 
ing  in  1875.  He  died  Nov.  23.  1881,  in  Ot- 
sego  county,  N.  Y. 

GILBERT,  ALEXANDER,  banker,  was 
born  Aug.  10,  1839,  in  Elizabeth,  N.  .1.  In 
1883  he  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
Market's  bank  of  New  York:  and  in  1890 
was  elected  mayor  of  Plainfield.  N.  J. 

GILBERT.  BENJAMIN,  miller,  author, 
was  born  in  1711  near  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  a  miller  of  Northumberland,  Pa., 
who  wrote  on  theological  themes.  Truth 
Defended;  Discourses  on  Perfection;  and 
Further  Discourses  on  Sin,  Election.  Rep 
robation  and  Baptism.  He  died  June  8. 
1780.  on  St.  Lawrence  Rixer. 

GILBERT.  CHARLES  HENRY,  zoolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  in  1859  in  Illinois. 
He  is  an  ichthyologist,  professor  of  zoology 
at  Stanford  university;  and  the  author  of 
Synopsis  of  the  Fishes  of  North  America. 

GILBERT.  DAVID  McCONAUGHY, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4.  1836, 
in  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  lutheran 
clergyman  of  Virginia;  and  the  author  of 
The  Lutheran  Church  in  Virginia,  1776- 
1876;  The  Synod  of  Virginia;  The  Anni 
hilation  Theory  Briefly  Examined:  and 
Muhlenbcrg's  Ministry  in  Virginia. 

GILBERT.  EDWARD,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
founded  and  became  editor-in-chief  of 
the  daily  Alta  California,  thus  being  the 
pioneer  of  the  daily  press  of  San  Fran 
cisco.  He  served  as  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1850  to  1851.  HP  died  in 
1X62  In  California. 


GILBERT.  EZEK1EL.  congressman, 
was  born  in  1755  in  Middletown,  Conn. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  from  New 
York  from  1793  to  1797.  He  died  in  July, 
1X42.  in  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

GILBERT.  FRANK  M.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  July  1,  1846,  in  Mobile,  Ala.  He 
is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Evening 
Tribune  of  Evansville.  Ind.;  is  a  well 
known  humorist:  and  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poems. 

GILBERT,  GROVE  KARL,  artist,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  6.  1843,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  geologist  attached  to  the 
United  States  geological  suney;  and  the 
author  of  Geology  of  the  Henry  Moun 
tains;  Topographical  Features  of  Lake 
Shores;  Geology  of  Nevada,  Utah;  and 
Lake  Bonneville. 

GILBERT.  GROVE  SHELDON,  artist, 
was  born  Aug.  5.  1805,  in  Clinton.  N.  Y. 
He  attained  distinction  as  a  portrait 
painter.  He  died  March  23.  1885.  in  Roch 
ester,  N.  Y. 

GILBERT.  JOHN  GIBBS,  actor,  was 
born  Feb.  27,  1810,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
attained  prominence  in  his  profession  both 
in  Europe  and  America.  He  died  June 
17.  1889,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GILBERT,  LINDA,  philanthropist,  was 
born  May  13,  1847.  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
She  has  attained  a  national  reputation  as 
a  philanthropist. 

GILBERT,  MAHLON  NORRIS.  protes- 
tant  episcopal  bishop,  was  born  March  23, 
1848.  in  Morris,  N.  Y.  In  1881  he  was 
called  to  the  rectorship  of  Christ  church. 
St.  Paul,  Minn.  He  was  a  deputy  to  the 
general  convention  of  1886,  and  was  elect 
ed  assistant  bishop  of  Minnesota  in  the 
same  year. 

GILBERT .  NATHAN  STRONG,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1852. 
in  Iowa.  He  is  a  rioted  organist  and  piano 
instructor  of  Leavenworth,  Kas.  He  has 
composed  for  the  voice  a  Serenade  and 
Polka  Caprice,  and  a  number  of  anthems 
and  hymns. 

GILBERT,  PARMIUS  C.,  educator,  law 
yer,  was  born  May  24.  1865.  in  New  berg, 
Mich.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of 
his  county,  and  grad- 
uated  from  the  high 
school  of  Traverse 
City.  He  then  at 
tended  the  commer 
cial  department  of 
the  Normal  school  of 
Valparaiso,  Ind.; 
and  subsequently 
graduated  from  the 
law  department  of 
the  university  of 
Michigan.  He  entered 
into  educational  work 

as  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  city,  where  he  has  also  attained 
success  as  an  able  lawyer  in  probate  prac 
tice  and  commercial  law.  He  has  served 
with  distinction  as  city  attorney;  and  is 
a  member  of  the  board  of  education  of 
Traverse  City,  Mich. 

GILBERT.  RUFUS  HENRY,  surgeon, 
was  born  Jan.  26,  1832,  in  Guilford,  N.  Y 
At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  he 
joined  the  Duryea  zouaves  as  surgeon,  and 
served  through  the  war.  He  was  after 
ward  made  medical  director  and  superin 
tendent  of  the  United  States  army  hos 
pitals.  He  died  July  10,  1885,  in  New 
York  city. 

GILBERT.  SAMUEL  AUGUSTUS,  sol 
dier,  civil  engineer,  was  born  Aug.  25, 
1825,  in  /anesville,  Ohio.  In  1863  he  be 
came  engineer  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  John  G. 
Foster:  and  subsequently  commanded  a 
brigade  in  Kentucky.  He  died  June  9, 
1868.  in  St.  Paul.  Minn. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


401 


GILBERT,  SYLVESTER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1756  in  Heb 
ron,  Conn.  In  1780  he  was  a  member  of 
the  general  assembly,  being  the  youngest 
member  in  the  house;  and  in  1788  was  ap 
pointed  state's  attorney  for  Tolland  coun 
ty,  and  filled  that  office  twenty-one  years. 
In  1807  he  was  appointed  chief  judge  of 
the  county  court  and  judge  of  probate, 
which  offices  he  held  until  1825,  with  the 
exception  of  his  term  as  representative  in 
congress  from  Connecticut  in  1818-19.  In 
1826  he  was  again  elected  to  the  legisla 
ture,  and  was  then  the  oldest  member 
in  the  house,  to  which  body  he  had,  from 
the  year  1780,  been  re-elected  thirty  times. 
He  died  in  January,  1846. 

GILBERT,  WALTER  BOND,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  April  21,  1829,  in 
England.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  or 
ganist  of  Trinity  chapel.  New  York.  His 
compositions  and  publications  are  numer 
ous,  and  include  two  oratorios,  Stf  John, 
and  the  Restoration  of  Israel. 

GILBERT,  WILLIAM  A.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  Moving  to  New 
York  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
that  state  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress. 

GILBERT,  WILLIAM  KENT,  physician, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1830,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
He  attained  prominence  as  one  of  the 
foremost  physicians  and  surgeons  of  his 
native  state  at  Philadelphia,  where  he 
died  June  28,  1880. 

GILCHRIST,  JOHN  JAMES,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1809,  in 
Medford,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire  legislature;  register  of 
probate;  and  associate  judge  in  1840.  He 
was  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  in  1848,  and  of  the  United  States 
court  of  claims  in  1855.  He  published  a 
Digest  of  New  Hampshire  Reports.  He 
died  April  29,  1858,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

GILCHRIST,  ROBERT  BUDD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1796,  in  South 
Carolina.  About  1841  he  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  district  of 
South  Carolina;  and  for  a  time  held  the 
same  position  in  Georgia.  He  died  May  1, 
1856,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

GILCHRIST,  WILLIAM  WALLACE, 
musician,  composer,  was  born  in  1846  in 
Jersey  City,  N.  J.  He  has  won  three 
prizes  for  compositions  from  the  Mendels 
sohn  Glee  club  of  New  York  city,  and  in 
1882  the  Cincinnati  May  festival  prize 
was  awarded  him. 

GILDER,  JEANNETTE  LEONARD, 
journalist,  dramatist,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1850  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1875 
she  joined  the  staff  of  the  New  York  Her 
ald  as  a  book  reviewer;  and  in  1880,  in 
connection  with  her  brother,  Richard 
Watson  Gilder,  started  The  Critic.  In 
1876  she  wrote  a  play  entitled  Quits, 
which  was  brought  out  in  the  Chestnut 
Street  theater  of  Philadelphia.  She  dra 
matized  a  Wonderful  Woman  for  Rose 
Eytinge;  Sevenoaks  for  John  T.  Ray 
mond;  and  a  Comedy  for  Harry  Becket. 

GILDER,  JOHN  FRANCIS,  pianist, 
composer,  was  born  April  3,  1837,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  noted  for  his  cor 
rect  interpretation  of  Gottschalk's  com 
positions,  and  as  a  concert  pianist  he  has 
been  heard  in  the  principal  cities  and 
towns  of  the  United  States. 

GILDER,  RICHARD  WATSON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1844, 
in  Bordentown,  N.  J.  He  is  a  writer  of 
New  York  city  well  known  both  as  a  poet 
and  as  the  editor  of  The  Century  Maga 
zine,  of  which,  with  its  predecessor,  Scrib- 
ner's  Monthly,  he  has  been  editor-in-chief 
since  1881.  He  is  the  author  of  The  New 
Day,  The  Poet  and  his  Master,  Lyrics; 

26 


The  Celestial  Passion;  Two  Worlds;  The 
Great  Remembrance,  and  Other  Poems; 
and  Five  Books  of  Song,  which  include  all 
of  his  collected  poems  up  to  the  year  1894. 

GILDER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  explorer, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1835,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  an  Arctic  explorer; 
and  the  author  of  Schwatka's  Search;  and 
Ice  Pack  and  Tundra. 

GILDERSLEEVE,  BASIL  LANNEAU, 
educator,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
23,  1831,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  has  been  a 
professor  of  Greek  at  Johns  Hopkins  uni 
versity  from  1876,  and  editor  of  the  Amer 
ican  Journal  of  Philology  from  its  estab 
lishment.  He  is  the  author  of  Essays  and 
Studies,  and  has  published  a  Latin  Gram 
mar,  and  editions  of  Justin  Martyr  and 
the  Odes  of  Pindar. 

GILE,  FRANCIS  ALFRED,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  July  19,  1845,  in 
Franklin,  N.  H.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  New  Hampshire  seminary,  and 
attended  the  New  York  Medical  college. 
He  is  a  veteran  of  the  civil  war,  and  a 
well-known  physician  and  specialist  of 
Orange,  N.  J.  He  has  been  medical  ex 
aminer  and  surgeon,  coroner  of  Essex 
county,  and  filled  various  other  public  of 
fices  of  honor. 

GILES,  CHAUNCEY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  11,  1813,  in  Charles- 
mont,  Mass.  He  was  a  Swedenborgian 
clergyman  of  Philadelphia,  and  of  much 
prominence  in  his  denomination.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Nature  of  Spirit;  The 
Second  Coming  of  Our  Lord;  Perfect 
Prayer;  Man  as  a  Spiritual  Being;  The  In 
carnation;  The  Wonderful  Pocket;  The 
Magic  Spectacles,  a  fairy  tale;  The  Gate  of 
Pearl;  The  Magic  Shoes,  and  Other  Stor 
ies;  Heavenly  Blessedness;  The  New  Je 
rusalem;  The  Spiritual  World;  and  The 
Valley  of  the  Diamonds,  and  Other  Stor 
ies.  He  died  in  1893. 

GILES,  ELLA  AUGUSTA,  author,  was 
born  in  1851  in  Wisconsin.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Madison,  Wis.;  and  the  author 
of  Bachelor  Ben;  Out  from  the  Shadows; 
Maiden  Rachel;  and  Flowers  of  the  Spirit. 

GILES,  HENRY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1809,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  Unitarian  minister  of  Liverpool, 
England,  and  after  1840  a  literary  lec 
turer  in  the  United  States.  He  was  the 
author  of  Lectures  and  Essays;  Christian 
Thought  on  Life;  Illustrations  of  Genius; 
Human  Life  in  Shakespeare;  and  Lec 
tures  on  the  Irish,  and  Other  Subjects. 
He  died  July  10,  1882,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GILES,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  about  1788  in  North  Carolina.  In 
1829  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  in  congress  from  North 
Carolina,  but  resigned  before  taking  his 
seat,  on  account  of  ill-health.  He  died 
March  2,  1846,  in  Stanley  county,  N.  C. 

GILES,  WILLIAM  BRANCH,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1762,  in  Amelia 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1790  to  1798,  and  again 
from  1801  to  1802.  In  1801  and  1805  he 
was  a  presidential  elector;  and  was  a 
United  States  senator  from  1804  to  1816. 
He  was  subsequently  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature.  From  1826  to  1829  he  was  gov 
ernor  of  his  native  state.  He  died  Dec. 
4,  1830,  in  Albemarle  county,  Va. 

GILES,  WILLIAM  FELL,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  April  8,  1807, 
in  Harford  county,  Md.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  in  1837  to  1839;  in 
1845  was  elected  to  congress;  declined  a 
renomination;  and  in  1853  was  appointed 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Maryland. 


GILFILLAN,  CALVIN  W.,  educator, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1832,  in  Mercer  county,  Pa.  In  1857  he 
was  elected  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  for  Mercer  county;  in  1861  was 
appointed  district  attorney  for  Venango 
county;  and  in  1862  was  elected  to  the 
same  position.  In  1868  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

GILFILLAN,  CHARLES  DUNCAN, 
lawyer,  was  born  July  4,  1831,  in  New 
Hartford,  N.  Y.  St.  Paul  sent  him  three 
times  to  the  lower  house  of  the  Minneso 
ta  legislature  and  three  times  to  the 
senate,  and  he  has  also  been  president 
of  the  St.  Paul  water  board.  The  Gil- 
fillan  block  and  other  business  buildings 
in  the  city  belong  to  him. 

GILFILLAN,  JAMES,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  March  9,  1829,  in  Ban- 
nockburn,  Scotland.  He  served  in  the 
south  till  the  end  of  the  civil  war,  and  in 
1864  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the 
eleventh  Minnesota.  He  was  treasurer  of 
the  United  States  during  1877-83. 

GILFILLAN,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  11, 
1835,  at  Barnet,  Vt.  He  was  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Hennepin  county,  Minn.,  from 
1863  to  1867,  and  from  1869  to  1873;  and 
was  city  attorney  of  Minneapolis  from 
1861  to  1864.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  of  Minnesota  from  1875  to 
1885;  became  regent  of  the  state  univer 
sity  of  Minnesota  in  1880,  and  continued 
in  that  office.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Minnesota  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

GILFILLAN,  JOSEPH  A.,  clergyman, 
missionary.  He  has  been  a  noted  mis 
sionary  of  the  protestant  episcopal  church 
for  twenty-five  years  among  the  Chippe- 
way  Indians  at  White  Earth,  Minn.  He  is 
superintendent  of  all  the  six  thousand 
Chippeways  scattered  in  northern  Min 
nesota. 

GILL,  MOSES,  lieutenant-governor.  He 
was  elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1797;  and  was  acting  govern 
or  of  the  state  from  1799  to  1800. 

GILL,  ROSALIE  LORRAINE,  artist, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1867,  in  Elmira,  N.  Y. 
She  paints  landscapes  and  still  life,  as 
well  as  portraits. 

GILL,  THEODORE  NICHOLAS,  educa 
tor,  naturalist,  author,  was  born  March 
21,  1837,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  nat 
uralist,  professor  of  zoology  in  the  Colum 
bian  university,  Washington,  D.  C.;  and 
the  author  of  Arrangement  of  the  Fami 
lies  of  Mollusks;  Arrangement  of  the 
Families  of  Fishes;  Arrangement  of  the 
Families  of  Mammals;  Catalogue  of  the 
Fishes  of  the  East  Coast  of  North  Ameri 
ca;  and  Scientific  and  Popular  Views  of 
Nature  Contrasted. 

GILL,  WILLIAM  B.,  telegraph  man 
ager,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1847,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  During  1866-81  he  was  with  the 
Western  Union  company,  rising  through 
all  the  grades  to  the  superintendency.  In 
1881  he  accepted  a  contract  to  build  the 
Bankers'  and  Merchants'  telegraph  line 
between  Philadelphia  and  New  York, 
which  he  completed  within  four  months; 
and  then  took  another  contract  to  erect 
a  line  to  Pittsburg.  In  1882  he  became  the 
general  superintendent  of  the  Delaware 
and  Atlantic  Telegraph  and  Telephone 
company,  which  he  resigned  two  years 
later  to  accept  the  superintendency  of  the 
sixth  district  of  the  Western  Union  Tele 
graph  company.  He  is  vice-president  and 
director  in  a  number  of  local  telegraph 
and  telephone  companies  in  sundry  towns 
within  his  district. 


402 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GILL,  WILLIAM  IRELAND,  author. 
He  is  the  author  of  Evolution  and  Prog 
ress;  Analytical  Processes;  and  Christian 
Conception  and  Experience. 

GILL,  WILLIAM  FEARING,  author.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Martyred  Church; 
Home  Recreations;  and  Life  of  Poe. 

GILLAM,  GEORGE  F.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1836,  in 
Middlesex,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  state  legislature  in  1871-72. 
Since  1872  he  has  practiced  law  in  Lan 
sing;  was  justice  of  the  peace  during 
1877-81;  and  probate  judge  of  his  county 
during  1881-85. 

GILLEM,  ALVAN  CULLEM,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  was  born  July  29,  1830,  in 
Jackson  county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  first  legislature  of  Tennessee.  He 
served  on  the  Texas  frontier  and  in  Cali 
fornia;  and  led  the  troops  in  the  Modoc 
campaign.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1875,  in  Nash 
ville,  Tenn. 

GILLESPIE,  EUGENE  P.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1852,  in 
Greensville,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  in  his  native  city;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 
GILLESPIE,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  born  in  1683  in  Glasgow,  Scotland. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman,  once 
prominent  in  Delaware;  and  the  author  of 
Treatise  Against  Deists  and  Free  Think 
ers;  Letters  to  the  Presbytery  of  New 
York;  and  Remarks  upon  Mr.  George 
Whitefield.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1760. 

GILLESPIE,  GEORGE  DE  NORMAN- 
DIE,  bishop  of  western  Michigan,  was 
born  June  14,  1819,  in  Goshen,  N.  Y.  The 
bishop  has  published,  besides  sermons 
and  tracts,  Manual  and  Annals  of  the 
Diocese  of  Michigan. 

GILLESPIE,  HENRY  LA  FAYETTE, 
merchant,  clergyman,  reformer,  was  born 
Sept.  4,  1863,  in  Delaware  county,  Iowa. 
He  graduated  from  the  Lumbard  univer 
sity;  has  attained  eminence  as  a  success 
ful  missi.onary  of  the  universalist  church 
in  Iowa.  Prior  to  entering  the  ministry 
he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business. 
GILLESPIE,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  provincial  congress 
of  North  Carolina;  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  United  States  congress  from 
that  state  from  1793  to  1799,  and  from 
1803  to  1805.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1805. 

GILLESPIE,  JOHN  A.,  educator,  was 
born  June  5,  1845,  in  Newville,  Pa.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Iowa  State 
university.  For  six  years  he  was  a  teach 
er  in  the  Iowa  School  for  the  Deaf;,  and 
for  twenty  years  has  been  superintendent 
of  the  Nebraska  School  for  the  Deaf,  at 
Omaha.  He  is  prominent  in  educational 
affairs;  and  president  of  the  American 
Association  to  Promote  Auricular  Train 
ing. 

GILLESPIE,  NEAL  HENRY,  college 
president,  educator,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  1832  in  Brownsville,  Pa.  In  1859  foe  was 
made  president  of  the  College  of  St.  Mary 
of  the  Lake  of  Chicago.  He  was  for  sev 
eral  years  editor  of  The  Ave  Maria,  and 
was  also  spiritual  director  of  several  re 
ligious  and  literary  societies  connected 
with  the  university  of  Notre  Dame.  He 
died  Nov.  12,  1874,  in  St.  Mary's,  Ind. 

GILLESPIE,  WILLIAM  MITCHELL, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1816  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  professor  of  civil  en 
gineering  at  Union  college  in  1845-68;  and 
the  author  of  Rome  as  seen  by  a  New 
Yorker;  Roads  and  Railroads;  Manual  for 
Roadmaking;  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Land  Surveying;  Levelling;  Topography 
and  Higher  Surveying;  and  Philosophy 
of  Mathematics.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1868,  in 
New  York. 


GILLET,  CHARLES  W.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1840,  in  Ad- 
dison,  N.  Y.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
the  eighty-sixth  reg 
iment  New  York  vol 
unteers,  August, 
1861;  was  made  ad 
jutant  of  the  regi 
ment  in  1861,  and 
served  as  adjutant 
until  discharged  from 
the  service  for  disa 
bilities  in  1863.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third,  fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  re 
publican;  and  is  a  member  of  several  im 
portant  committees. 

GILLET,  RANSOM  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1800, 
in  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.  In  1827  he  was 
appointed  brigade-major  and  inspector  of 
militia.  In  1830  he  was  appointed  post 
master  of  Ogdensburg,  which  office  he  filled 
three  years.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress;  and  re-elected  in 
1834.  In  1845  he  was  appointed  register 
for  the  treasury,  serving  until  1847,  when 
he  was  appointed  solicitor  of  the  treasury, 
in  which  office  he  continued  until  the  au 
tumn  of  1849.  In  1855-58  he  was  assistant 
to  the  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States.  He  was  the  author  of  History  of 
the  Democratic  Party;  The  Federal  Gov 
ernment;  and  Life  of  Silas  Wright. 

GILLETT,  EZRA  HALL,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  15,  1823,  in 
Colchester,  Conn.  He  was  a  presbyter 
ian  clergyman  of  New  York  city,  and 
professor  of  political  economy  in  the  uni 
versity  of  New  York  from  1868.  He  was 
the  author  of  History  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  the  United  States;  Life  of  John 
Huss;  God  in  Human  Thought;  The  Moral 
System;  Life  Lessons  in  the  School  of 
Christianity;  What  Then?  or  the  Soul's 
To-Morrow;  and  Ancient  Cities  and  Em 
pires.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1875,  in  Harlem, 
N.  Y. 

GILLETT,  FREDERICK  HUNTING- 
TON,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
16,  1851,  in  Westfield,  Mass.  He  graduated 
atAmherst  college  in 
1874  and  at  Harvard 
Law  school  in  1877; 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Springfield 
in  1877.  He  was  as 
sistant  attorney-gen 
eral  of  Massachus 
etts  from  1879  to 
1882;  and  was  elected 
to  the  Massachu 
setts  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  1890 
and  1891.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

GILLETT,  OREN  M.,  lawyer,  banker, 
was  born  March  12,  1850,  in  Bergen,  N.  Y. 
In  1875  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  In 
dependence,  Iowa.  During  1881-90  he  was 
clerk  of  the  district  and  circuit  courts  of 
Buchanan  county,  Iowa;  in  1890-92  he 
was  cashier  of  the  Commercial  State  bank 
of  Independence,  Iowa;  and  since  the  lat 
ter  date  has  been  president  of  that  finan 
cial  institution. 

GILLETTE,  ABRAM  DUNN,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1807, 
in  Cambridge,  Washington  county,  N.  Y. 
He  published  a  History  of  the  Eleventh 
Baptist  Church  of  Philadelphia;  Memoir 
of  the  Rev.  Daniel  H.  Gillette;  and  Pas 
tor's  Last  Gift,  and  edited  Social  Hymns 
and  the  minutes  of  the  Philadelphia  Bap 


tist  association  from  1707  till  1807.     He 
died  Aug.  24,  1882,  in  Lake  George,  N.  Y. 

GILLETTE,  EDWARD    HOOPER,  far 
mer,   journalist,    legislator,   congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  1,  1840,  in  Bloomfield.  Conn. 
_     _  He  received  his  edu- 

"^^  cation    at  the    Hart 

ford  High  school  and 
the  New  York  State 
jf  If  Agricultural  college. 
He  served  with  dis- 
Y*  /««4  Unction  as  a  member 

N-j-  Jfl^  ot  the  forty-sixth 
congress  from  the 
Des  Moines  district, 
Iowa.  As  an  advocate 
of  populist  and  other 
reforms  he  has 
gained  a  national 
reputation;  and  has  been  successful  as  a 
farmer,  editor  and  public  speaker.  His 
father  was  Francis  Gillette,  a  farmer  and 
United  States  senator  from  Connecticut; 
and  an  associate  of  Charles  Sumner,  and 
the  frequent  candidate  of  the  old  free 
soil  party  for  governor  of  Connecticut. 

GILLETTE,  FRANCIS,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1807,  in  Bloom- 
field,  Conn.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Connecticut  during  the  session 
of  1854-55,  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  Sept. 
30,  1879,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

GILLETTE,  MRS.  LUCIA  FIDELIA 
WOOLLEY,  minister,  lecturer,  author,  po 
et,  was  born  in  1827  in  Madison  county,  N. 
Y.  She  received  her  education  at  the  Caze- 
novia  seminary  and  the  Bridgewater 
academy.  She  .was  the  daughter  of  a  noted 
universalist  minister;  and  was  herself  or 
dained  to  the  ministry  in  1873.  She  has 
held  the  office  of  state  missionary  and  of 
pastor;  and  for  many  years  was  promi 
nent  in  the  lecture  field.  In  her  youth  she 
contributed  to  the  Boston  Repository  and 
the  New  York  Tribune.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  Memoir  of  Her  Father;  Peb 
bles  From  the  Shore;  Editorials  and 
Other  Waifs;  and  in  connection  with  her 
daughter  published  a  volume  .entitled 
Floating  Leaves. 

GILLETTE,  WILLIAM  HOOKER,  act 
or,  author,  was  born  July  24,  1853,  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  an  actor  and 
playwright,  among  whose  plays  are  Held 
by  the  Enemy;  The  Professor;  Esmeral- 
da;  and  The  Private  Secretary. 

GILLEY,  SILAS  ALFRED,  soldier, 
clergyman,  prohibitionist,  was  born  April 
21,  1845,  in  Farmersville,  N.  Y.  For  three 
years  he  served  in  the  union  army,  and 
was  promoted  while  in  his  teens.  He  is 
now  pastor  of  the  methodist  church  of 
Marengo,  Iowa;  and  editor  of  the  Sun 
day-school  Quarterlies  of  his  denomina 
tion. 

GILLHAM,  ROBERT,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  Sept.  25,  1854,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  vice-president  of  the  Kansas  City 
Elevated  Railway 
company,  and  d  e  - 
signed  and  built  the 
I  road  as  chief  engi 
neer.  He  organized 
the  Kansas  City  Ca 
ble  Railway  c  o  m  - 
pany,  and  as  chief 
engineer  constructed 
the  railway,  includ 
ing  the  steep  incline 
at  the  Union  depot. 
Kansas  City;  also 
the  Eighth  Street 
Tunnel  and  Elevated  railway,  near  the 
Union  depot,  which  are  monuments  to 
his  engineering  skill  and  science.  Among 
other  noted  engineering  works  executed 
by  him  are  the  Omaha  Cable  Railway  sys- 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


403 


tern,  the  Denver  City  Cable  Railway  sys 
tem,  the  Montague  Cable  railway  of 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  the  Cleveland  City  Cable 
railway,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  is  a  recog 
nized  authority  on  the  subject  of  com 
pressed  air,  and  visited  Europe  in  the  in 
terests  of  a  wealthy  syndicate  and  made 
extensive  experiments  and  tests  of  the 
various  applications  in  the  use  of  com 
pressed  air  abroad.  He  has  made  suc 
cessful  demonstrations  of  the  feasibility 
of  operating  street  cars  by  the  use  of 
compressed  air.  He  was  elected  president 
of  the  Engineers'  club  of  Kansas  City,  and 
is  a  member  of  various  other  engineering 
and  scientific  societies.  He  is  president 
of  the  Armourdale  Foundry  company, 
Kansas  City,  and  one  of  the  park  com 
missioners  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

GILLIAM,  DAVID  TOD,  educator,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  April  3,  1844,  in 
Hebron,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  president 
of  the  Columbus  Academy  of  Medicine. 
He  is  the  author  of  Essentials  of  Path 
ology,  and  A  Pocket-Book  of  Medicine. 

GILLIG,  GEORGE,  brewer,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1809,  in  Germany.  He  began  the 
brewery  business  in  New  York  city  in 
1840,  and  was  the  first  to  brew  lager  beer 
in  1846. 

GILLIGAN,  JOHN  PHILIP,  surgeon, 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1897,  in  Elizabethtown, 
N.  Y.  He  graduated  from  the  Medical 
Union  university,  and  has  attained  prom 
inence  as  one  of  the  foremost  surgeons 
of  the  west.  He  has  been  surgeon  to  sev 
eral  large  railway  corporations;  secre 
tary  to  the  United  States  pension  board; 
a  member  of  the  insanity  commission; 
and  has  held  various  other  public  posi 
tions  of  honor.  He  has  a  large  practice 
in  Nebraska,  and  resides  in  O'Neill. 

GILLIN,  CHARLES  WESLEY,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1865,  in 
Ebensburg,  Pa.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Waterloo  college,  Iowa;  and 
graduated  in  medicine  from  the  Rush 
Medical  college  of  Chicago.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  successful  physicians  and  sur 
geons  of  his  native  state.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  local  board  of  health;  is 
local  railroad  surgeon;  and  a  member 
of  various  local  and  state  medical  so 
cieties. 

GILLIS,  JAMES  HENRY  LAWRENCE, 
naval  officer,  was  born  May  14,  1831,  in 
Ridgeway,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  United 
States  navy  during  the  civil  war;  and 
received  the  rank  of  commodore. 

GILLIS,  JAMES  L.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1792,  in  Heb 
ron,  N.  Y.  He  was  commissioned  in  1814 
a  lieutenant  by  the  governor  of  New 
York.  In  1840  he  was  elected  to  the  leg 
islature  of  Pennsylvania;  and  in  1842  was 
appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  Jefferson 
county.  In  1845  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate;  and  in  1851  was  again  re- 
elected  to  the  lower  house;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  in  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

GILLISS,  JAMES  MELVILLE,  astrono 
mer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1811,  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  He  was  an  astronomer 
of  distinction  in  charge  of  the  naval  ob 
servatory  at  Washington;  and  the  author 
of  United  States  Astronomical  Expedition 
to  the  Southern  Hemisphere;  and  Obser 
vations  at  the  Naval  Observatory.  He 
died  Feb.  9,  1865,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

GILLMAN,  HENRY,  scientist,  diplo 
mat,  author,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1833,  in 
Ireland.  He  served  as  United  States  con 
sul  at  Jerusalem  until  1891.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Wild  Flowers  and  Gardens 
of  Jerusalem  and  Palestine. 


GILLMORE,  QUINCY  ADAMS,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1825,  in  Black 
River,  Ohio.  He  was  a  military  engineer 
in  charge  of  the  fed 
eral  bombardment  of 
Charleston  in  1863. 
He  was  a  major-gen 
eral  of  volunteers  in 
the  civil  war,  and  a 
high  authority  o  n 
engineering  matters. 
He  was  the  author  of 
Siege  and  Reduction 
of  Fort  P  u  1  a  s  k  i  ; 
Limes,  Hydraulic 
Cements,  and  Mor 
tars;  Engineer  and 
Artillery  Operations  Against  the  Defences 
of  Charleston;  and  Compressive  Strength, 
etc.,  of  Building  Stones  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  April  8,  1888,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

GILLMORE,  ROBERT  HAMILTON, 
journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  14, 
1822,  in  Newark,  Ohio.  He  graduated 
from  the  university 
of  Ohio,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 

1855  at     Zanesville, 
where  he  edited  the 
Zanesville        Gazette 
during    1854-55.      In 

1856  he     moved    to 
Keokuk,  Iowa,  where 
he  became  one  of  the 
leading     lawyers     of 
the  state.    In  1864-65 
he     was     assistant 
United     States     dis 
trict  attorney;    and  in  1867  formed  a  part 
nership  with  James  H.  Anderson,  which 
continued  until  Mr.  Gillmore's  death. 

GILLON,  ALEXANDER,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1793  to  1794.  He 
died  in  1794. 

OILMAN,  ARTHUR,  architect,  was 
born  Nov.  5,  1821,  in  Newburyport,  Mass. 
He  designed  and  built  the  Boston  city 
hall,  which  is  regarded  as  his  best  work. 
He  died  July  11,  1882,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

OILMAN,  ARTHUR,  educator,  author, 
was  born  June  22,  1837,  in  Alton,  111.  He 
is  an  educator  of  Cambridge,  and  the  or 
ganizer  of  Radcliffe  college.  He  is  the 
author  of  First  Steps  in  English  Litera 
ture;  Seven  Historic  Ages;  First  Steps 
in  English  History;  History  of  the  Amer 
ican  People;  Rome  from  the  Earliest 
Times;  Tales  of  the  Pathfinders;  Short 
Stories  from  the  Dictionary;  The  Sara 
cens;  Colonization  of  America;  The  Dis 
covery  of  America;  and  The  Making  of 
the  American  Nation.  He  has  also  edited 
the  Riverside  Chaucer. 

GILMAN,  ARTHUR  B.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  June  18,  1856,  in  Haver- 
hill,  Mass.  Since  1893  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Phillips  and  Rangeley  railroad 
at  Haverhill,  Mass. 

GILMAN,  MRS.  CAROLINE  HOWARD, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1794,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  She  is  the  author  of  Recol 
lections  of  a  Southern  Matron;  Recollec 
tions  of  a  New  England  Housekeeper; 
The  Sibyl,  or  New  Oracles  from  the  Poets; 
Verses  of  a  Lifetime;  Poetry  of  Traveling 
in  the  United  States;  Ruth  Raymond;  and 
Stories  and  Poems. 

GILMAN,  CHANDLER  ROBBINS,  phy 
sician,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  6, 
1802,  in  Marietta,  Ohio.  He  was  a  physi 
cian  of  New  York  city,  and  professor  from 
1841  in  the  college  of  Physicians  and  Sur 
geons.  He  was  the  author  of  Legends  of 
a  Log  Cabin;  Life  on  the  Lakes;  Life 
of  J.  B.  Beck;  The  Relations  of  the 
Medical  to  the  Legal  Profession;  and 


Tracts  on  Generation.  He  died  Sept.  26, 
1865,  in  Middletown,  Conn. 

GILMAN,  CHARLES  J.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  served  in  the  legislature  of 
that  state  in  1854.  He  removed  to  Maine; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress  from  that  state. 

GILMAN,  DANIEL  COIT,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  July  6, 
1831,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  is  an  edu 
cator  of  prominence;  was  president  of 
the  university  of  California;  and  is  now 
the  honored  president  o'f  Johns  Hopkins 
university  from  1875.  He  is  the  author 
of  Our  National  Schools  in  Science;  and 
Life  of  James  Monroe. 

GILMAN,  JOHN  TAYLOR,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  19, 
1753,  in  Exeter,  N.  H.  He  was  a  volunteer 
in  the  revolutionary  army;  a  delegate 
from  New  Hampshire  in  1780  to  the  Hart 
ford  convention;  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  in  1782  and  1783,  the 
latter  year  succeeding  his  father  as 
treasurer  of  New  Hampshire.  He  was 
governor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1794 
to  1805,  and  again  from  1813  to  1815,  when 
he  declined  a  re-election.  He  died  Sept. 
1,  1828,  in  New  Hampshire. 

GILMAN,  NICHOLAS,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1775,  in  Exeter,  N.  H.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  New  Hampshire  to  the  continental 
congress  from  1786  to  1788.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1789  to  1797;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1805  to 
1814.  He  died  May  2,  1814,  in  Exeter, 
N.  H. 

GILMAN,  NICHOLAS  PAINE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1849,  in  Quincy, 
111.  Since  1895  he  has  filled  the  chair  of 
sociology  in  the  Meadville  Theological 
school,  Pennsylvania.  He  is  the  author 
of  Profit-Sharing  between  Employer  and 
Employee;  The  Laws  of  Daily  Conduct; 
and  Socialism  and  the  American  Spirit. 

GILMAN,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  16,  1791,  in  Gloucester, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Charleston  in  1819-58.  He  published  Me 
moirs  of  a  New  England  Choir;  The  His 
tory  of  a  Ray  of  Light;  Pleasures  and 
Pains  of  a  Student's  Life;  Contributions 
to  Literature;  and  was  the  author  of 
the  noted  college  song.  Fair  Harvard.  He 
died  Feb.  9,  1858,  in  Kingston,  Mass. 

GILMAN,  MRS.  STELLA  SCOTT,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Alabama.  She  is  the 
author  of  Mothers  in  Council. 

GILMER,  GEORGE  ROCKINGHAM, 
soldier,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
April  11,  1790,  in  Oglethorpe  county,  Ga. 
He  was  first  lieuten 
ant  of  the  forty-third 
regiment,  United 
States  army,  and 
participated  in  the 
Creek  war.  In  1818 
he  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  pro 
fession;  and  was 
elected  to  the  state 
legislature  in  1818, 
1819,  and  1824.  He 
was  a  representative- 
in  congress  from 

Georgia  from  1821  to  1823,  from  1827  to 
1829,  and  from  1833  to  1835;  and  was  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  for  the  terms  com 
mencing  in  1829  and  1837.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  book  entitled  The  Georgians, 
which  contains  much  useful  and  interest 
ing  information  touching  the  early  settle 
ment  of  his  native  state.  He  died  Nov. 
15,  1859,  in  Lexington,  Ga. 


404 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GILMER,  JEREMY  FRANCIS,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1818,  in 
Guilford  county,  N.  C.  He  was  appointed 
major  of  engineers  in  1861,  and  in  1863 
was  promoted  major-general. 

GILMER,  JOHN  ALEXANDER,  soldier, 
educator,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  4,  1805,  in  Guilford  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  from 
1846  to  1856,  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress,  and  withdrew  in  1861.  He  died 
May  14,  1868,  in  Greensborough. 

GILMER,  THOMAS  WALKER,  lawyer, 
journalist,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  served  frequently 
in  the  legislature,  and  was  speaker  of  the 
house.  He  was  governor  of  the  state  in 
1840;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1841  to  1843. 
He  was  secretary  of  the  navy  under  Pres 
ident  Tyler.  He  died  Feb.  28,  1844,  near 
Washington,  D.  C. 

GILMOR,  HARRY,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  24,  1838,  in  Baltimore  county, 
Md.  He  joined  the  confederate  army;  was 
rapidly  promoted;  and  was  appointed  pro 
vost  marshal  of  Gettysburg.  In  1874  he 
was  elected  police  commissioner  of  Balti 
more.  He  was  the  author  of  Four  Years 
in  a  Saddle.  He  died  March  4,  1883,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

GILMORE,  ALFRED,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1853. 

GILMORE,  JAMES  ROBERTS,  mer 
chant,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
10,  1823,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  earlier  life 
he  was  a  shipping  merchant  in  New  York 
city,  but  during  and  since  the  civil  war 
a  journalist  and  miscellaneous  writer.  He 
is  the  author  of  Among  the  Pines;  My 
Southern  Friends;  Down  in  Tennessee; 
Life  of  Garfield;  Among  the  Guerrillas; 
Adrift  in  Dixie;  On  the  Border;  Patriot 
Boys;  The  Rear  Guard  of  the  Revolu 
tion:  John  Sevier  as  a  Commonwealth 
Builder;  and  The  Advance  Guard  of  West 
ern  Civilization. 

GILMORE,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1829  to  1833.  He  died 
May  18,  1845. 

GILMORE,  JOHN  C.,  soldier,  was  born 
April  18,  1837,  in  Canada.  He  served  as 
captain,  major,  and  lieutenant  in  the  six 
teenth  regiment  New  York  volunteer  in 
fantry;  and  received  the  medal  of  honor 
for  distinguished  conduct  in  the  battle  of 
Salem  Heights  for  seizing  the  colors,  of 
his  regiment  and  gallantly  rallying  his 
men  under  a  very  severe  fire  of  the  ene 
my  while  serving  as  major.  In  1866  he 
entered  the  regular  army,  and  became  a 
lieutenant-colonel  in  1867.  He  will  be  re 
tired  in  1901. 

GILMORE,  JOSEPH  ATHERTON,  rail 
road  builder,  state  senator,  governor,  was 
born  June  10,  1811,  in  Weston,  Vt.  He 
was  superintendent  of  the  Manchester  and 
Lawrence  railroad  from  1853  to  1856;  and 
also  of  the  Concord  and  other  connecting 
lines  until  1866.  He  was  state  senator  in 
1858  and  1859;  president  of  that  body  in 
1859;  and  was  governor  of  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1863  to  1865.  He  died  April 
17,  1867,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

GILMORE,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  20,  1834,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  baptist  minister  of 
Rochester,  N.  Y.;  professor  of  rhetoric 
in  the  university  of  Rochester  since  1867; 
and  is  the  author  of  Outlines  of  the  Art 
of  Expression;  Outlines  of  Logic;  Eng 
lish  Language  and  its  Early  Literature; 
English  Literature;  and  He  Leadeth  Me, 
and  Other  Poems. 


GILMORE,  PATRICK  SARSFIELD, 
musician,  bandmaster,  was  born  Dec.  25, 
1830,  in  Ireland.  His  first  great  feat  as 
leader  of  a  jubilee  was  on  the  fourth  of 
March,  1864,  after  the  restoration  of  New 
Orleans  to  the  union,  when  he  collected 
ten  thousand  children  and  five  hundred 
instruments  to  inaugurate  the  first  union 
governor  of  Louisiana.  He  died  Sept.  24, 
1892,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

GILPIN,  EDWARD  WOODWARD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  July  15,  1805,  in  Wil 
mington,  Del.  He  was  attorney-general 
of  Delaware  in  1840-50;  and  from  1857 
till  his  death  was  chief  justice  of  the 
state.  He  died  April  29,  1876,  in  Dover, 
Del. 

GILPIN,  HENRY  DILWOOD,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  14,  1801,  in  England. 
He  was  a  jurist  of  Pennsylvania  who  was 
attorney-general  of  the  United  States  in 
1840-41.  He  edited  The  Atlantic  Souvenir, 
the  first  American  literary  annual,  and 
published  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  Eastern  Penn 
sylvania;  and  Opinions  of  the  Attorneys- 
General.  He  also  edited  the  Papers  of 
President  Madison  in  three  volumes.  He 
died  Jan.  29,  1860,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GILPIN,  JOSHUA,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  8,  1765,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  a  Philadelphia  writer  who  pub 
lished  Verses  at  the  Fountain  of  Vau- 
cluse;  Farm  of  Virgil,  and  Other  Poems; 
and  Memoir  on  a  Canal  from  the  Chesa 
peake  to  the  Delaware.  He  died  in  1840, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GILPIN,  THOMAS,  manufacturer,  was 
born  March  18,  1728,  in  Chester  county, 
Pa.  He  aided  in  establishing  Wilmington 
college,  Delaware,  and  labored  for  the 
construction  of  a  canal  between  the  Ches 
apeake  and  the  Delaware.  He  died  April 
30,  1778,  in  Winchester,  Va. 

GILPIN,  THOMAS,  manufacturer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1776,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  became  an  extensive 
paper-manufacturer,  and  in  1817  con 
structed  a  machine  for  making  paper  con 
tinuously.  He  died  March  3,  1853,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

GILPIN,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  Oct.  4,  1822,  in  Brandywine,  Pa. 
He  was  appointed  first  governor  of  Colo 
rado  by  President  Lincoln  and  was,  with 
Benjamin  F.  Hall,  the  chief  justice,  and 
other  officers,  instrumental  in  saving  the 
territory  to  the  union.  He  died  Jan.  20, 
1894. 

GILSON,  FRANK  "RINDGE,  journalist, 
was  born  Dec.  30,  1848,  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.  He  is  editor  and  owner  of  the  Pal 
ladium  Daily  of  Benton  Harbor, Mich.;  and 
president  of  the  Michigan  Republican 
Newspaper  association. 

GILSTRAP,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  port 
rait  and  landscape  painter,  prohibitionist, 
was  born  April  24,  1849,  in  Effingham 
county,  111.  He  was  one  of  the  incorpo- 
rators  of  the  Bloomington  Art  association, 
and  was  one  of  its  first  trustees.  He  has 
a  studio  in  the  Ferry  museum  of  Tacoma, 
Wash.,  of  which  institution  he  is  the 
curator.  Since  1870  he  has  been  an  active 
prohibitionist;  in  1892  organized  and 
was  made  chairman  of  the  prohibition 
party  of  Tacoma;  and  has  filled  numerous 
high  positions  in  that  party.  For  several 
years  he  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the 
Pacific  Lancet;  and  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  works. 

GIRARD,  CHARLES,  naturalist,  author, 
was  born  March  9,  1822,  in  France.  He 
is  a  naturalist  who  came  to  the  United 
States  with  Agassiz  in  1847;  and  is  the 
author  of  Life  in  its  Physical  Aspects: 
Contributions  to  the  Fauna  of  Chili;  and 
Herpetology  of  the  Wilkes  Expedition. 


GIRARD,  STEPHEN,  merchant,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  May  24,  1750,  near 
Bordeaux,  France.  In  1780  he  engaged  in 
the  West  India  trade,  and  acquired  a  for 
tune.  He  founded  the  Girard  college  of 
Philadelphia  for  the  education  and  main 
tenance  of  orphans.  He  died  Dec.  26,  1831, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GIRARDEAU,  JOHN  L.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1825,  in  South  Carolina. 
He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  South 
Carolina,  and  professor  of  systematic 
theology  in  Columbia  Theological  semi 
nary  from  1876.  He  is  the  author  of  Cal 
vinism  and  Evangelical  Arminianism 
Compared;  and  The  Will  in  its  Theologi 
cal  Relations. 

GIST,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1775,  in  South  Carolina.  He 
served  in  the  legislature  of  his  native 
state  for  eighteen  years:  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  South  Caro 
lina  from  1821  to  1827.  He  served  as  a 
trustee  of  the  state  college.  He  died  May 
8,  1835. 

GIST,  MORDECAI,  soldier,  merchant, 
planter,  was  born  ir.  1743,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  served  with  distinction  through 
the  revolutionary 
war,  was  promoted 
to  brigadier-general, 
and  was  present  at 
the  surrender  o  f 
Cornwallis.  With  the 
cessation  of  hostili 
ties  he  purchased  a 
plantation  at  Char 
leston,  S.  C.,  where 
he  resided  until  the 
close  of  his  life.  He 
died  Sept.  2,  1792,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

GIST,  WILLIAM  H.,  governor,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  governor 
of  that  state  from  1858  to  1860. 

GITHENS,  COURNELLI  E.,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  27,  1863,  in  Cameron,  Ohio.  He 
is  the  author  of  numerous  poems  which 
have  appeared  in  current  periodicals. 

GITTINGS,  ELLA  PAMELA  BEECH- 
ER,  educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb. 
18,  1852,  in  Oberlin,  Ohio.  She  received 
her  education  at  the  Oberlin  and  Iowa 
colleges,  and  prior  to  her  marriage  taught 
school.  She  has  attained  success  as  a 
writer  of  stories  and  poems;  and  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  world's  con 
gress,  etc. 

GIVEN,  WILLIAM,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Dec.  5,  1832,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  He 
entered  the  United  States  navy  as  a  mid 
shipman,  and  was  successively  promoted 
lieutenant  and  lieutenant-commander. 
He  died  Jan.  3,  1863. 

GLADDEN,  ADLEY  H.,  soldier,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  a  brigadier-general  in  the  con 
federate  army;  was  wounded  at  the  battle 
of  Shiloh:  and  died  soon  afterward. 

GLADDEN,  WASHINGTON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1836,  in 
Pittsgrove,  Pa.  He  is  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Lord's  Prayers;  Seven 
Homilies;  The  Christian  League  of  Con 
necticut;  Things  New  and  Old;  Amuse 
ments,  their  Uses  and  Abuses;  Plain 
Thoughts  on  the  Art  of  Living;  From  the 
Hub  to  the  Hudson;  Being  a  Christian; 
Working-People  and  their  Employers: 
The  Christian  Way;  The  Young  Man  and 
the  Church;  Applied  Christianity;  Parish 
Problems;  Tools  and  the  Man;  Who 
Wrote  the  Bible?;  Ruling  Ideas  of  the 
Present  Age;  The  Cosmopolis  City  Club; 
;ind  Burning  Questions,  a  volume  of  ser 
mons. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


405- 


GLASCOCK,  JOHN  RAGLAND,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1845,  in 
Panola  county,  Miss.  He  was  district  at 
torney  of  Alameda  county,  Cal.,  in  1875- 
77;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress  as  congressman  at  large  from 
California  as  a  democrat. 

GLASCOCK,  THOMAS,  soldier,  con 
gressman.  He  was  appointed  colonel  of 
the  troops  ordered  out  by  the  legislature 
in  defense  of  the  state  against  the  In 
dians  on  the  western  frontier,  and  was 
afterwards  elected  general  of  militia.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Georgia  from  1836  to  1839.  He  died  May 
9,  1841,  in  Decatur,  Ga. 

GLASGOW,  ELLEN,  author,  was  born 
in  1875,  in  Virginia.  She  is  a  novelist  of 
Richmond,  Va.;  and  the  author  of  The 
Descendant:  a  Novel. 

GLASGOW,  HUGH,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1817. 

GLASGOW,  S.  L.,  soldier,  legislator, 
was  born  in  1838,  in  Winchester,  Ohio. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war;  and  in  1863 
for  meritorious  services  received  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general.  In  1879  he  was 
elected  to  the  Iowa  state  legislature. 

GLASS,  PRESLEY  T..  merchant,  jour 
nalist,   legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.   18,   1824,  in  Halifax  county,  Va.     He 
received    his    educa 
tion   at  the   Dresden 
academy,  Tennessee; 
t   and  at  the  Lexington 
I    Law  school.     During 
•B  %Kw       oBI    the  war   he   was    in 
I    the  confederate   ser- 
I    \ice;    was  a  commis- 
I    sary,   with   the   rank 
I    of  major.    He  served 
^.      I    as  a  member  of  the 
Tennessee        legisla 
ture    in    1847;      and 
again  in  1883.     Dur 
ing  his  second  term  in  the  Tennessee  leg 
islature    he    introduced    and    secured    the 
passage   of   the   bill   to   create   the   agri 
cultural  experiment  station  at  Knoxville, 
Tenn.      He    served    as    a    member    from 
Tennessee  in  the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth 
congresses;    and  while  a  member  of  that 
body  he  was  the  author  of  the  law  to  ele 
vate  agriculture  to  the  level  of  commerce 
and   manufactures.      He   has  been   a   suc 
cessful   merchant  and   journalist   of   Rip- 
ley,  Tenn. 

GLASSCOCK.  JOHN  R.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1845,  in 
Panola  county,  Miss.  In  1875  he  was 
elected  district  attorney  of  Alameda 
county,  Cal.,  and  ser\ed  one  term,  declin 
ing  a  renomination.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  California  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress. 

GLASSMANN,  WILLIAM,  journalist, 
politician,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1858,  in 
Davenport.  Iowa.  In  1871  he  left  home 
and  went  west  to 
seek  his  fortune.  In 
1890  he  was  one  of 
the  first  republican 
organizers  in  the 
state  of  Utah;  and 
has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  politi 
cal  affairs.  He  is 
now  the  editor  and 
proprietor  of  The 
Daily  Standard  of 
Ogden.  Utah,  a  silver 
republican  news- 
paper,  which  has  become  very  popular  in 
the  west.  He  has  filled  many  positions  of 
honor  in  his  adopted  state,  and  is  an  ard 
ent  exponent  of  silver. 


I 


GLASSON,  JOHN  J.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  New  York  city.  He  commanded 
the  store-ship  Lexington  in  Perry's  Japan 
expedition  in  1853-54;  was  appointed  com 
mander  in  1855,  and  stationed  at  New 
Bedford,  Mass.,  from  1861  till  1863.  He 
died  March  12,  1882,  in  New  York  city. 

GLAZEBROOK,  OTIS  A.,  clergyman, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1845,  in  Richmond,  Va. 
In  1875  he  was  made  chaplain  of  the  fa 
mous  fifth  Maryland  regiment;  and  built 
the  church  of  the  Holy  Trinity.  In  1885 
he  was  called  to  St.  John's  church  of 
Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

GLAZIER,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  civil 
engineer,  inventor,  was  borri  Sept.  2,  1838, 
in  Gardiner,  Maine.  He  is  the  inventor 
of  spool  cotton  and  paper-box  machinery; 
and  is  also  engaged  in  their  manufacture. 

GLAZIER,  WILLARD,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1841,  in  Fowler,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  captain  in  the  federal  army 
during  the  civil  war.  He  is  the  author  of 
Captured,  Prison-Pen,  and  Escape;  Three 
Years  in  the  Federal  Cavalry;  Battles  for 
the  Union;  Heroes  of  Three  Wars;  Pe 
culiarities  of  Great  Cities;  and  Down  the 
Great  River. 

GLEASON,  FREDERIC  GRANT,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1848, 
in  Middletown,'  Conn.  In  1876  he  went  to 
Chicago,  where  he  is  musical  critic  of  the 
Tribune.  His  chief  compositions  are  two 
operas  of  the  grand  romantic  type,  Otho 
Visconti  and  Montezuma. 

GLEASON,  MRS.  RACHEL  BROOKS, 
physician,  author,  was  born  in  1820,  in 
Vermont.  She  is  a  physician  of  Elmira, 
N.  Y.,  for  many  years  in  charge  of  the 
Gleason  sanitarium.  She  has  published 
Talks  to  My  Patients. 

GLEASON,  WILLIAM  E.,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  emigrated  to  Dako 
ta,  where  he  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  that  territory,  residing  at  Yank- 
ton. 

GLEIM,  CHRISTIAN,  journalist,  was 
born  Jan.  10,  1780,  in  Lancaster  county, 
Pa.  He  settled  in  Harrisburg  in  1812,  and 
was  appointed  to  print  the  senate  journal 
in  English.  Afterward  he  established  and 
edited  The  Pennsylvanian.  He  died  Sept. 
21,  1861,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

GLEIM,  GEORGE  CHRISTIAN,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1736.  He  took  part  in  the 
war  of  the  revolution  and  was  severely 
wounded  near  Philadelphia.  He  died  July 
21,  1817,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa. 

GLEN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Maryland.  He  was  for  many  years  a 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
of  Maryland.  He  died  July  8,  1853,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

GLENDY,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  24,  1755,  in  Ireland.  In 
1806  he  served  as  chaplain  of  the  United 
States  house  of  representatives,  and  in 
1815  and  1816  of  the  senate.  He  published 
an  Oration  in  Commemoration  of  Wash 
ington,  delivered  in  Staunton  in  1800.  He 
died  Oct.  4,  1832,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GLENDY,  WILLIAM  MARSHALL, 
naval  officer,  was  born  in  1801,  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
commodore  in  1862,  and  in  the  following 
year  was  made  prize  commissioner  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  died  July  16,  1873, 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

GLENN,  ELIAS,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Maryland.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
United  States  court  for  that  state. 

GLENN,  HENRY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1741.  He  took  an  active  part  in 
the  revolutionary  war;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  in  congress  from 
1793  to  1801.  He  died  in  1814,  in  Schenec- 
tady. 


GLENN,  JAMES,  governor,  author.  He 
was  governor  of  South  Carolina  from 
1744  till  1755.  He  published  A  Descrip 
tion  of  South  Carolina. 

GLENN,  JOHN  THOMAS,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  21,  1846,  in  Walton  county, 
Ga.  He  has  served  as  city  attorney  of 
Atlanta;  solicitor-general;  mayor  of  At 
lanta;  and  member  of  the  board  of  edu 
cation. 

GLESSNER,  DOUGLAS,  journalist, 
public  official,  was  born  in  Delaware, 
Ohio.  In  1882  he  moved  to  Griffin,  Ga., 
where  he  is  the  editor  and  proprietor  of 
the  News  and  Sun. 

GLESSNER,  OLIVER  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1828.  In 
1864  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  eighth 
judicial  district, 
composed  of  the 
counties  of  Morgan, 
S'h  e  1  b  y  ,  Johnson, 
Brown,  and  Monroe. 
In  1870  he  was 
elected  by  his  party 
to  the  state  senate, 
as  a  member  for  the 
counties  of  Shelby 
and  Bartholomew, 
serving  as  such  for 
four  years.  He  has 
also  filled  numerous 
public  offices  in  the  gift  of  his  county  and 
state. 

GLICK,  GEORGE  W.,  farmer,  lawyer, 
governor,  was  born  July  4,  1827,  in  Green- 
castle,  Ohio.  He  served  nine  sessions  in 
the  house  and  senate  of  the  Kansas  legis 
lature.  He  served  with  distinction  as 
go\ernor  of  Kansas  for  one  term;  and 
was  twice  United  States  pension  agent  for 
the  Topeka  district  by  appointment  of 
President  Cleveland. 

GLIDDEN,  CHARLES  JASPER,  bank 
er,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1857,  in  Lowell, 
Mass.  He  is  president  of  the  Traders' 
National  bank  of  Lowell. 

GLISAN,  RODNEY,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  29,  1827,  in  Linganore,  Md. 
He  is  a  physician  of  Portland,  Ore.,  emeri 
tus  professor  of  obstetrics  in  Willamette 
university;  and  the  author  of  Journal  of 
Army  Life;  Modern  Midwifery;  and  Two 
Years  in  Europe. 

GLISSON,  OLIVER  S.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1809.  in  Ohio.  In  1826 
he  was  made  a  midshipman;  captain  in 
1862;  commodore  in  1866;  and  rear-ad 
miral  in  1870.  He  was  retired  in  1871. 

GLONINGER,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre- 
sentathe  from  that  state  in  the  twelfth 
congress;  and  resigned  before  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term. 

GLORIEUX,  ALPHONSUS  JOSEPH, 
catholic  bishop,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1844, 
in  Belgium.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  college  of  Cour- 
trai,  Belgium;  at  the 
American  College  of 
Louvain,  Belgium; 
and  at  the  university 
of  Louvain.  In  1867 
'he  was  ordained  to 
the  priesthood:  and 
served  as  a  mission 
ary  in  the  south 
western  diocese  of 
Oregon.  He  has  been 

rector   of   St.    Paul's 

church,      Oregon  ; 

principal  of  St.  Michael's  college  of  Port 
land,  Ore.;  and  on  April  19,  1885,  was 
principal  of  St.  Michael's  college,  of  Port 
land,  Ore.;  and  on  April  19,  1885,  was 
consecrated  catholic  bishop  of  Boise  City, 
Idaho.  The  Right  Rev.  Glorieux  is  a  scho 
lastic  man,  and  has  contributed  largely  to 
the  religious  literature  of  his  church. 


406 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GLOSSBRENNKR,  ADAM  J.,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1810,  in 
Hagerstown,  Md.  In  1861  he  was  private 
secretary  to  President  Buchanan;  and  in 
1863  became  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Philadelphia  Age.  In  1864  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fortieth  congress. 

GLOVER,  JOHN  MILTON,  was  born 
June  23,  1835,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses  as 
a  democrat. 

GLOVER,  JOHN  MONTGOMERY,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
4,  1834,  in  Mercer  county,  Ky.  He  was 
appointed  a  colonel  of  cavalry;  and  was 
commissioned  colonel  of  the  third  Mis 
souri  volunteer  cavalry  in  1861.  In  1866 
he  was  appointed  collector  of  internal 
revenue  for  the  third  district  of  Missouri; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-third,  forty- 
fourth  and  forty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

GLOVER,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  about  1670.  He  was  governor  of 
North  Carolina  during  1706-10. 

GLUCK,  JAMES  FRASER,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  28,  1852,  in  Niagara  Falls,  N. 
Y.  He  is  curator  of  the  Buffalo  library, 
and  has  presented  that  library  with  one 
of  the  most  valuable  collections  of  auto 
graphs,  manuscripts,  and  letters  in  the 
United  States. 

GMEINER,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  5,  1847,  in  Bavaria.  He 
is  a  Roman  catholic  priest  of  Milwaukee; 
professor  of  homiletics  in  St.  Francis  de 
Sales  seminary;  and  is  the  author  of 
Die  Katholische  Kirc-he  in  den  Vereinig- 
ten  Staaten;  Sind  wir  den  Weltende 
nahe?;  Modern  Scientific  Views  and 
Christian  Doctrines  Compared;  The 
Spirits  of  Darkness  and  their  Manifesta 
tions  on  Earth;  and  The  Church  and 
the  Various  Nationalities  in  the  United 
States. 

GOBBLE,  AARON  EZRA,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1856, 
in  Center  county,  Pa.  Since  1887  he  lias 
been  president  of  the  Central  Pennsylva 
nia  college  at  New  Berlin. 

GOBIN,  HILLARY  ASBURY,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  March  25,  1842,  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
For  six  years  he  was  president  of  the 
Baker  university  of  Bald  win,  Kan.;  and  in 
1895  became  president  of  the  De  Pauw 
university  of  Greencastle,  Ind. 

GOBIN,  JOHN  P.  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1838,  in  Sun- 
bury,  Pa.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
just  before  the  war 
began,  and  he  en 
tered  the  service  as 
first  lieutenant.  He 
was  soon  appointed 
to  the  command  of 
the  regiment,  and 
fought  with  the 
nineteenth  army 
corps  in  the  Red 
river  campaign,  and 
with  Sheridan  in  the 
Shenandoah  valley; 
and  was  brevetted 

brigadier-general.  He  was  provost  judge 
of  South  Carolina  during  the  early  recon 
struction  period.  He  settled  at  Lebanon, 
Pa.,  in  1866,  and  organized  Post  42.  He 
was  state  senator  for  sixteen  years,  and 
for  several  years  president  of  the  senate. 
He  has  also  long  been  prominent  in  Ma 
sonic  and  Grand  Army  circles;  and  in 
1897  was  elected  commander  in  chief. 


GOBRIGHT,  LAWRENCE  AUGUSTUS, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  May  2,  1816, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  for  some  years 
owned  and  edited  the  Washington  Star. 
He  also  won  fame  as  an  author  and  lec 
turer,  Men  and  Things  in  Washington 
During  the  Third  of  a  Century  being  his 
best  known  book.  He  died  May  22,  1879, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

GODBEY,  EDGAR  W.,  lawyer,  was  born 
March  2,  1861,  in  Morristown,  Tenn.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Hiwassee 
college,  Tenn.,  and  at  the  university  of 
Alabama.  He  has  devoted  himself  entire 
ly  to  the  law,  and  has  had  a  large  prac 
tice  involving  many  novel  and  intricate 
questions. 

GODDARD,  CALVIN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  17,  1768,  in 
Shrewsbury,  Mass.  In  1790  he  settled  in 
Plainfield,  from  which  place  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  legislature 
for  nine  sessions,  during  three  of  which 
he  was  speaker  of  the  house.  He  removed 
to  Norwich  in  1807;  and  from  1801  to 
1805  was  a  representative  in  congress. 
From  1815  to  1818  he  was  judge  of  the 
superior  court;  and  was  state's  attorney 
for  the  county  of  New  London  for  five 
years,  and  mayor  of  Norwich  for  seven 
teen  years.  He  died  May  2,  1842,  in  Nor 
wich,  Conn. 

GODDARD,  CALVIN  LUTHER,  invent 
or,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1820,  in  Covington, 
N.  Y.  He  patented  solid  packing  burring 
machines,  and  feed-rolls  as  an  attachment 
for  the  carding-machine;  and  has  devised 
several  valuable  improvements  for  this 
machine. 

GODDARD,  JOSIAH,  clergyman,  mis 
sionary,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1813,  in  Wen 
dell,  Mass.  In  1838  he  was  appointed  a 
missionary  to  the  Chinese  in  Siam.  He 
prepared  several  tracts,  an  English  and 
Chinese  vocabulary,  and  a  translation  of 
the  New  Testament  into  Chinese.  He  died 
Sept.  4,  1854,  in  China. 

GODDARD,  PAUL  BECK,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1811,  in  Balti 
more.  He  acquired  reputation  through 
his  work  as  an  editor  of  medical  books. 
These  include  a  series  of  twelve  plates 
On  the  Arteries,  and  a  similar  series  On 
the  Nerves.  He  died  July  3,  1866,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

GODDARD,  WILLIAM,  printer,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  1740,  in  New  London, 
Conn.  In  1766  he  removed  to  Philadel 
phia,  where  he  published  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Chronicle.  In  1773  he  went  to  Bal 
timore  and  established  a  daily  news 
paper.  He  died  Dec.  23,  1817,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I. 

GODEY,  LOUIS  ANTOINE,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  June  6,  1804,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1830  he  founded  Godey's 
Lady's  Book,  the  first  periodical  of  the 
kind  published,  which  was  continued  by 
him  with  great  success  until  1877,  w<hen  it 
was  sold  to  a  stock  company.  He  died 
Nov.  29,  1878,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GODFREY,  BENJAMIN,  founder  of 
Monticello  seminary  of  Godfrey,  111.,  was 
born  Dec.  4,  1794,  in  Chatham,  Mass.  At 
the  age  of  nine  years  he  ran  away  to  sea; 
went  to  Ireland,  and  there  remained  until 
the  war  of  1812  brought  him  home  again. 
After  a  brief  service  in  the  navy,  he  ac 
quired  an  education;  and  subsequently 
again  sailed  the  seas  as  a  shipmaster.  In 
1826  he  had  acquired  a  fortune  of  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  million  of  dollars  in  silver 
in  Mexico,  of  which  he  was  robbed  by 
Mexican  bandits.  In  1832  'he  settled  in 
Alton;  and  there  became  a  successful 
wholesale  merchant.  Gradually  the  plans 
of  an  institution  for  religious  and  mental 


education  of  girls  and  young  women  took 
shape  in  his  mind;  and  in  1838  Monti- 
cello  seminary  opened  its  doors,  to  which 
institution  he  gave  over  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  He  died  Aug.  13,  1862, 
in  Godfrey,  111. 

GODFREY,  THOMAS,  soldier,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1736,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  co 
lonial  militia  who  possessed  much  poetic 
ability,  and  was  the  first  dramatic  author 
in  America.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Court  of  Fancy;  and  Juvenile  Poems  on 
Various  Subjects,  with  The  Prince  of  Par- 
thia,  a  Tragedy.  He  died  July  26,  1763, 
near  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

GODKIN,  EDWIN  LAWRENCE,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1831,  in 
Ireland.  He  is  a  prominent  journalist  of 
New  York  city.  He  came  to  America  in 
1856,  and  since  1865  has  been  editor  of  The 
Nation,  and  from  1881  of  the  Evening 
Post.  He  is  the  author  of  Government; 
History  of  Hungary;  Reflections  and 
Comments;  and  Problems  of  Democracy. 

GODMAN,  JOHN  D.,  physician,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1794,  in 
Annapolis,  Md.  He  was  a  physician  and 
naturalist  of  Cincinnati  and  New  York. 
He  was  the  author  of  Rambles  of  a  Natu 
ralist;  American  Natural  History;  Ir 
regularities  of  Structure  and  Morbid 
Anatomy;  and  Anatomical  Investiga 
tions.  He  died  April  17,  1830,  in  Ger- 
mantown,  Pa. 

GODON,  SYLVANUS  WILLIAM,' naval 
officer,  was  born  June  18,  1809,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  appointed  midship 
man  in  1819.  He  was  made  commander 
in  1855,  and  captain  in  1861.  He  died  May 
10,  1879,  in  France. 

GODSHALK,  WILLIAM,  merchant, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
25,  1817,  in  East  Nottingham,  Pa.  He 
was  associate  judge  of  Bucks  county  from 
1871  to  1876;  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

GODWIN,  PARKE,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  25,  1816,  in  Paterson,  N.  J. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city,  the 
son-in-law  of  the  poet  Bryant,  whose 
writings  he  has  edited.  He  was  long 
connected  with  the  Evening  Post,  and  was 
the  editor  of  Putnam's  Monthly  Magazine 
in  1853-55  and  in  1867-70.  He  is  the  author 
of  Pacific  and  Constructive  Democracy; 
Popular  View  of  the  Doctrines  of  Fou 
rier;  Vala,  a  mythological  tale;  Political 
Essays;  History  of  France;  Life  of  Wil 
liam  Cullen  Bryant;  Out  of  the  Past,  a 
collection  of  essays;  Commemorative  Ad 
dresses;  and  Handbook  of  Universal 
Biography. 

GOEBEL,  JULIUS,  educator,  philolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  in  1857,  in  Ger 
many.  He  has  been  a  philologist,  and  pro 
fessor  at  Leland  Stanford  Junior  univer 
sity  since  1892.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  German  works. 

GOERZ,  DAVID,  clergyman,  educator, 
was  born  June  2,  1849,  in  Southern  Rus 
sia.  During  1874-75  he  taught  in  a  Ger 
man  school  in  Illinois,  near  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  In  1880  he  organized  the  Mennonite 
Mutual  Fire  Insurance  company  in  Kan 
sas;  in  1887  organized  the  Bethel  College 
corporation  of  Newton,  Kan.,  in  which 
institution  he  is  now  a  clergyman. 

GOESBRIAND,  LOUIS  DE,  Roman 
catholic  bishop,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1816, 
in  France.  When  the  see  of  Burlington 
was  created  in  Vermont,  he  was  nomi 
nated  its  first  bishop. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


407 


GOESSMANN,  CHARLES  ANTHONY, 
educator,  chemist,  author,  was  born  June 
13,  1827,  in  Germany.  He  was  elected  in 
1869  to  the  chair  of  chemistry  in  the 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  college. 

GOFP,  MRS.  HARRIET  NEWELL 
[KNEELAND],  reformer,  author,  was 
born  in  1828,  in  New  York.  She  is  a  noted 
reformer  of  Brooklyn  and  elsewhere.  She 
is  the  author  of  Was  it  an  Inheritance?; 
Who  Cares?;  and  Episodes  in  the  Life 
of  Mary  Campbell. 

GOFF,  ISAAC  LEWIS,  banker,  capita 
list,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1852,  in  Taunton, 
Mass.  He  was  instrumental  in  establish 
ing  the  Home  Investment  company  of 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  is  president  of  the 
People's  Trust  company,  and  director  of 
various  banking  and  business  corpora 
tions. 

GOFF,  NATHAN,  soldier,  lawyer,  .ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1842, 
in  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.  He  entered  the 
union  army,  and  served  throughout  the 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  brevet  briga 
dier-general.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1867;  re- 
elected  in  1868;  and  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  and  served  in  that 
capacity  until  January,  1881.  In  1881  he 
became  secretary  of  the  navy.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  West  Vir 
ginia  to  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  and 
fiftieth  congresses. 

GOFORTH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania.  In  1873  he  was  appointed 
an  attorney-general  of  the  United  States. 

GOGGIN,  WILLIAM  L.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  31,  1807,  in  Bed 
ford  county,  Va.  He  practiced  in  several 
of  the  circuit  and  district  courts  of  the 
state;  in  1836  was  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature,  and  in  1837  declined  a  re-election. 
In  1839  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Virginia,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1841,  1843,  and  1847.  In  1859  he  was 
nominated  as  the  whig  candidate  for  gov 
ernor  of  Virginia.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1870, 
in  Richmond,  Va. 

GOING,  JONATHAN,  college  president, 
founder,  was  born  March  7,  1786,  in  Read 
ing,  Vt.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Baptist  Theological  seminary  of  New 
ton,  Mass.  He  died  in  November,  1844. 

GOLD,  THOMAS  R.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  from 
1797  to  1802;  a  member  of  the  assembly 
in  1808;  and  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York  from  1809  to  1813,  and 
again  from  1815  to  1817.  He  died  in  1826. 

GOLDENSMITH,  WILLIAM  RUSSELL, 
mineralogist,  legislator,  was  born  Sept. 
12,  1862,  in  Nevada  county,  Cal.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  San  Juan,  Cal.,  and  gradu 
ated  from  the  state  university  of  Califor 
nia.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  fourth  session  of  the 
state  legislature  of  Idaho;  and  is  a  noted 
mineralogist  of  that  state. 

GOLDSBOROUGH,  CHARLES  WASH 
INGTON,  congressman,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  the  state  of  Maryland; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1805  to  1817.  He  died  Dec.  13,  1834, 
in  Shoal  Creek,  Md. 

GOLDSBOROUGH,  JOHN  RODGERS, 
naval  officer,  was  born  July  2,  1808,  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  became  midship 
man  in  1824,  lieutenant  in  1837,  com 
mander  in  1855,  captain  in  1862,  and  com 
modore  in  1867.  He  died  June  22,  1877, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 


GOLDSBOROUGH,  LOUIS  MALES- 
HERBES,  naval  officer,  was  born  Feb. 
18,  1805,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  en 
tered  the  navy  in  his 
youth,  and  was  made 
rear-admiral  in  1862. 
At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  had  been  in 
the  service  longer 
than  any  other  naval 
officer  then  living. 
He  took  an  active 
part  in  all  the  prin 
cipal  naval  battles  of 
the  civil  war.  He 
died  Feb.  20,  1877,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 
His  death  was  a  great  loss  to  the  navy. 

GOLDSBOROUGH,  ROBERT,  physi 
cian,  congressman,  was  born  in  1733,  in 
Cambridge,  Md.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
Maryland  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1774  to  1775.  He  died  Dec.  31,  1788, 
in  Cambridge,  Md. 

GOLDSBOROUGH,  ROBERT  HENRY, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1780. 
in  New  Easton,  Md.  He  was  elected 
United  States  senator  as  an  anti-Jackson 
democrat,  and  served  from  1813  till  1819. 
He  was  again  elected  as  a  whig  without 
opposition,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  served 
from  1835  till  his  death.  He  died  Oct.  5, 
1836,  in  New  Easton,  Md. 

GOLDTHWAITE,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Dec. 
10,  1809,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  on  the 
bench  of  the  circuit  court,  and  afterward 
of  the  supreme  court,  of  which  he  was 
chief  justice  for  some  years.  He  was  ad 
jutant-general  of  Alabama  during  the 
war.  He  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  in  1870  for  the  term  ending  in 
1877.  He  died  March  18,  1879,  in  Mont 
gomery,  Ala. 

GOLDTHWAITE,  HENRY,  journalist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
in  1798,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  edited  a 
newspaper,  and  served  in  the  Alabama 
state  legislature  several  terms.  From 
1839  until  his  death  he  was  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Alabama.  He  died  in 
1847,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 

GOLDZIER,  JULIUS,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1854,  in  Austria. 
In  1890  he  became  a  member  of  the  city 
council  of  Chicago,  and  served  until  the 
end  of  his  term  in  1892.  He  was  elected 
as  a  democrat  to  the  fifty-third  congress. 
GOLLADAY,  EDWARD  I.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  9,  1831,  in  Lebanon,  Tenn.  He 
graduated  at  Cum 
berland  university; 
taught  school  ; 
studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1852.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state 
legislature  in  1857; 
and  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1860. 
He  served  in  the 
confederate  army  as 
colonel,  and  partici 
pated  in  several  im 
portant  engagements.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 
GOLLADAY,  JACOB  S.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1819,  in 
Lebanon,  Tenn.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  that  state  from  Logan  coun 
ty  in  1850,  1851,  and  1853;  and  state  sena 
tor  from  1853  to  1855.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy.  He  resigned  in  1870;  and 
was  also  elected  to  the  forty-first  congress 
to  fill  a  vacancy. 


GOOCH,  DANIEL  W.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1820,  in  Wells, 
Maine.  In  1852  he  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  of  Massachusetts;  in  1853  to 
the  constitutional  convention  of  the  state, 
and  subsequently  a  representative  in  the 
thirty-fifth  congress  from  Massachusetts, 
for  an  unexpired  term.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-sixth,  thirty-seventh,  thirty- 
eighth,  and  thirty-ninth  congresses;  and 
was  again  elected  to  the  forty-third  con 
gress. 

GOOCH,  FANNY  CHAMBERS,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  9,  1847,  in  Hinds  county, 
Miss.  She  is  the  author  of  Face  to  Face 
with  the  Mexicans;  and  other  works. 

GOOCH,  FRANK  AUSTIN,  educator, 
chemist,  author,  was  born  May  2,  1852, 
in  Watertown,  Mass.  From  1881  till  1884 
he  was  chief  chemist  of  the  northern 
transcontinental  survey,  and  from  1884 
till  1886  assistant  chemist  to  the  United 
States  geological  survey  in  Washington. 
In  1886  he  was  appointed  professor  of 
chemistry  in  Yale. 

GOOD,  JAMES  ISAAC,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1850,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  German  reformed  clergyman  and 
educator  of  Reading,  Pa.,  professor  in 
Ursinus  Theological  seminary  in  1890-93; 
and  the  author  of  Origin  of  the  Reformed 
Church  of  Germany;  and  Rambler  Around 
Reformed  Lands. 

GOOD,  JAMES  MICHENER,  pharma 
cist,  educator,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1842,  in 
Bucks  county,  Pa.  He  has  taught  phar 
macy  in  Philadelphia  and  St.  Louis;  and 
in  1895  was  elected  president  of  the  Amer 
ican  Pharmaceutical  association. 

GOOD,  JOHN,  manufacturer,  inventor, 
was  born  in  1844,  in  Ireland.  He  is  an 
inventor  and  manufacturer  of  cordage. 
.  He  now  manufac 
tures  on  an  extended 
scale,  and  besides  the 
establishment  a  t 
Ravenswood,  oper 
ates  a  large  cordage 
factory  at  Millwall, 
near  London,  and 
another  at  Great 
Grimsby.  He  has  in 
contemplation  the 
building  of  works  in 
France,  Germany 
and  Italy.  He  is  the 
inventor  of  the  machinery  now  in  general 
use  for  the  making  of  binding  twine.  He 
has  large  manufacturing  establishments 
in  America  and  Europe. 

GOODALE,  DORA  READ,  poet,  was 
born  Oct.  29,  1866,  in  Mt.  Washington, 
Mass.  She  is  the  author  of  Verses  from 
Sky-Farm;  Apple  Blossoms;  and  In 
Berkshire  with  the  Wild  Flowers.  She  has 
contributed  much  verse  to  The  Centitfy 
and  other  periodicals,  and  has  also  pub 
lished  Heralds  of  Easter. 

GOODALE,  ELAINE,  poet,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1863,  in  Mt.  Washington,  Mass. 
She  and  her  sister,  Dora  Read  Goodale, 
three  years  younger,  by  their  precocity 
as  poets  have  won  the  endearing  name 
of  the  sweet  children  poets.  Their  poems 
have  been  published  in  three  volumes; 
Apple  Blossoms  in  1878,  and  since  that 
time,  In  Berkshire  with  the  Wild  Flowers, 
and  All  Round  the  Year. 

GOODALE,  GEORGE  LINCOLN,  educa 
tor,  botanist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1839,  in  Saco,  Maine.  He  is  a  botanist  of 
prominence,  and  professor  of  botany  at 
Harvard  university  from  1878.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Wild  Flowers  of  America; 
Physiological  Botany;  Concerning  a  Few 
Common  Plants;  and  Useful  Plants  of  the 
Future. 


408 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GOODALL,  ALBERT  GALLATIN,  en 
graver,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1826,  in  Mont 
gomery,  Ala.  He  attained  prominence  as 
a  bank-note  engraver  of  New  York  city, 
where  he  died  Feb.  19,  1887. 

GOODALL,  CHARLES,  shipping  mer 
chant,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1824, 
in  England.  He  served  in  the  California 
state  legislature.  He  is  part  owner  of  the 
Pacific  Steam  Whaling  Co.:  two  salmon 
canneries  in  Alaska,  and  the  Arctic  Oil 
works;  and  his  firm  now  own  the  Oregon 
Coal  and  Navigation  Co. 

GOODE,  GEORGE  BROWN,  ichthyolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1851,  in 
New  Albany,  Ind.  He  was  an  ichthyolo 
gist  in  the  government  service;  and  the 
author  of  Catalogue  of  the  Fishes  of  the 
Bermudas;  Annual  Resources  of  the 
United  States;  Game  Fishes  of  the 
United  States;  Beginnings  of  Natural  His 
tory  in  America;  Britons,  Saxons,  and 
Virginians;  American  Fishes,  a  popular 
treatise;  Fisheries  and  Fishing  Indus 
tries  of  the  United  States;  and  Oceanic 
Ichthyology.  He  died  in  1896. 

GOODB,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  was  born 
March  13,  1868,  in  Manchester,  England. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  episco 
pal  academy  of  his  native  city;  and  at 
Willamette  unhersity  pf  Salem,  Ore.  In 
1892  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Ore 
gon;  and  has  attained  success  as  an  emi 
nent  lawyer  of  Moscow,  Idaho,  where  he 
has  filled  various  public  positions  of 
honor. 

GOODE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  May  27,  1829,  in 
Bedford  county,  Va.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Virginia  in 
1851,  and  again  in  1866.  He  was  elected 
to  the  confederate  congress  in  1861 ;  re- 
elected  in  1863,  and  served  in  that  po 
sition  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  electoral  college  in  1852, 
and  again  in  1856.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Virginia  to  the  forty- 
fourth,  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

GOODE,  PATRICK  G.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ohio 
from  1837  to  1843. 

GOODE,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1799  to  1801. 

GOODE,  SAMUEL  WATKINS,  lawyer, 
capitalist,  orator,  was  born  June  11,  1847, 
in  Stewart  county,  Ga.  He  was  elected 
first  president  of  the  Atlanta  real  estate 
board;  and  has  attained  note  as  an  ora 
tor. 

GOODE,  WILLIAM  O.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1798,  in 
Inglewood,  Va.  He  was  elected  for  several 
terms  a  member  of  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1829  was  a  member  of  the 
state  reform  convention  of  Virginia.  In 
1832  he  was  again  elected  to  the  state  leg 
islature;  and  again  elected  to  the  legisla 
ture  in  1838.  He  was  elected  a  represen- 
tathe  in  congress  from  Virginia  in  1841, 
serving  until  1843.  He  was  subsequently 
again  elected  to  the  legislature,  and  was 
speaker  of  the  house  of  delegates  for  sev 
eral  sessions.  In  1853  he  was  again  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia,  and  was  regularly  re-elected  until 
the  thirty-fifth  congress.  He  died  July  3, 
1859,  near  Boydtown,  Va. 

GOODELL,  HENRY  HILL,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
May  20,  1839,  in  Constantinople.  He  taught 
the  modern  languages  at  Williston  semi 
nary  of  Easthampton,  Mass.,  in  1864-67, 
and  afterward  in  the  Massachusetts  Agri 
cultural  college  at  Amherst,  of  which  in 


stitution  he  was  chosen  president  in  1866. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  Biographical  Rec 
ord  of  the  Class  of  Sixty-two;  and  of  a 
Compilation  of  Historic  Fiction. 

GOODELL,  LYMAN  PAYSON,  soldier, 
business  man,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1848,  in 
Chaplin,  Conn.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Appleton  academy  of  New  Ips 
wich,  N.  H.;  and  at  Phillips  academy  of 
Andover,  Mass.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
years  he  entered  the  union  army,  serv 
ing  with  the  army  of  the  James  in  the 
tenth  corps,  and  has  been  past  post  com 
mander  department  of  Texas  G.  A.  R.  In 
1893  he  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
State  Republican  league,  and  has  taken 
a  prominent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of 
Texas,  where  he  is  engaged  in  the  real 
estate  and  insurance  business  at  Fort 
Worth. 

GOODELL,  WILLIAM,  educator,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1829,  in 
Malta.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  physician, 
medical  professor  in  the'  university  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  author  of  Lessons  in 
Gynascology. 

GOODENOW,  IRVING  G.,  journalist. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Journal 
of  White  Pigeon,  Mich.,  a  popular  repub 
lican  newspaper  which  was  established  in 
1876.  He  has  filled  several  public  posi 
tions  of  honor;  and  takes  an  active  part 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county 
and  state. 

GOODENOW,  JOHN  ELLIOT,  clergy 
man,  legislator,  was  born  March  23,  1812, 
in  Springfield,  Vt.  He  is  a  pioneer  of 
Maquoketa,  Iowa,  and  is  called  the  Father 
of  Maquoketa.  He  served  for  two  years 
as  a  member  of  the  first  state  legisla 
ture. 

GOODENOW,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  in  3782  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  an  Ohio  jurist  and  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  in  1821- 
1831.  He  was  the  author  of  American 
Jurisprudence  in  Contrast  with  the  Doc 
trine  of  English  Law.  He  died  in  1838,  in 
Steubenville,  Ohio. 

GOODENOW,  ROBERTA  financier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1800  in  Far- 
mington,  N.  H.  He  was  county  attorney 
f:om  1828  to  1834,  and  in  1841.  Having 
taken  up  his  residence  in  Maine,  he  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1851  to  1853;  and  in  1857  was 
appointed  bank  commissioner  for  the 
state. 

GOODENOW,  RUFUS  K.,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
24,  1790,  in  Henniker,  N.  H.  He  entered 
the  army  in  1812  as  captain  in  the  thirty- 
third  regiment  of  United  States  infantry, 
and  served  in  that  capacity  until  1815. 
Upon  the  organization  of  a  state  govern 
ment  he  was  appointed  clerk  of  the  courts 
of  Oxford  county,  and  removed  to  Paris, 
and  held  this  office  sixteen  years.  He 
was  a  member  of-the  Maine  legislature;  a 
presidential  elector  in  1840;  and  repre 
sented  his  district  in  the  thirty-first  con 
gress.  He  died  March  24,  1863  in  Paris, 
Ky. 

GOODFELLOW,  EDWARD,  surveyor, 
journalist,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1828,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  In  1882  he  became  editor  of 
the  publications  of  the  survey,  and  in  that 
capacity  has  edited  the  annual  reports  for 
the  years  from  1882  till  1886. 

OOODHUE,  BENJAMIN,  congressman. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  1, 
1748,  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  represented 
his  native  county  in  the  state  senate  from 
1784  to  1789,  when  he  was  elected  a  rep- 
reaentath  e  to  congress  under  the  new 
constitution.  In  1796  he  was  elected  a 
senator  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
July  28,  1814.  in  Salem,  Mass. 


GOODHUE,  BERTRAM  GROSVENOR, 
architect,  author,  was  born  in  1869  in  Con 
necticut.  He  is  an  architect  of  Boston 
whose  border  designs  and  initials  for 
book  illustration  are  of  notable  excel 
lence.  He  is  the  author  of  Mexican 
Memories. 

GOODIN,  JOHN  R.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1836,  in  Tiffin, 
Ohio.  In  1859  he  removed  to  Hum- 
boldt,  Kas. ;  and  in  1866  was  elected  a. 
representative  in  the  state  legislature.  In 
1867  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  seventh 
judicial  district  for  the  term  of  four 
years;  was  re-elected  in  1871;  and  re 
signed  in  1875,  to  take  his  seat  as  a  rep 
resentative  from  Kansas  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress. 

GOODING,  A.  A.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1833,  in  Cannon 
county,  Tenn.  He  was  sergeant  in  com 
pany  B,  second  regiment  Tennessee  in 
fantry,  and  was  a  prisoner  of  war  on 
Belle  Isle,  Va.,  for  five  months.  For 
eight  years  he  was  United  States  clerk 
of  the  circuit  court;  and  for  four  years 
was  judge  of  the  county  court.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer  of  Jamestown,  Tenn.; 
and  was  postmaster  of  his  city  during 
1889-93. 

GOODKNIGHT,  JAMES  LINCOLN, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Aug.  24.  1846,  in  Allen  county,  Ky.  Since 
1895  he  has  been  president  of  the  West 
Virginia  university  at  Morgantown. 

GOODLAND,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Aug.  10,  1831,  in  Taunton,  England. 
In  1849  he  emigrated  to  the  United  States 
and  Ihed  in  the  state  of  New  York  un 
til  1854;  and  since  that  time  he  has  re 
sided  in  Wisconsin.  During  1854-64  he 
lived  in  Sharon;  then  entered  the  serv 
ice  of  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  rail 
road  in  Chicago.  In  1867  he  went  to  Ap 
pleton  as  their  local  agent,  and  resigned 
in  1874.  He  then  studied  law,  and  in  1888 
was  elected  district  attorney  of  Outagamie 
county,  Wis.  In  1891  he  was  elected  cir 
cuit  judge  of  the  tenth  circuit,  and  re 
ceived  the  re-election  in  1897. 

GOODLOE,  WILLIAM  C.,  diplomat.  He 
was  a  resident  of  Kentucky;  and  in  1878 
was  appointed  United  States  minister  to 
Belgium. 

GOODMAN,  JOHN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  July  22,  1837,  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 
In  1860  he  became  demonstrator  of  anat 
omy  in  the  Kentucky  School  of  Medicine. 

GOODMAN,  WARREN  WATSON,  law 
yer,  was  born  June  29,  1869,  in  Roanoke 
county,  Va.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Allegheny  institute,  and  graduated 
from  the  Bethel  Military  academy,  with 
the  rank  of  captain.  He  subsequently 
graduated  in  law  from  the  Washington 
and  Lee  university;  and  is  now  a  lead 
ing  lawyer  of  Deer  Lodge,  Mont.,  and  its 
distinguished  city  attorney. 

GOODNIGHT,  ISAAC  HERSCHEL,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  31, 
1849,  in  Allen  county,  Ky.  He  represented 
Simpson  county  in  the  general  assembly 
in  1877-78;  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-first, 
fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses.  He 
is  now  judge  of  the  seventh  circuit  court 
district  of  Kentucky. 

GOODNO,  \V 1 1.1. 1  AM  COLBY,  was  born 
in  Kenosha,  Wis.  He  was  the  originator 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Homoeopathic  Hos 
pital  for  Children. 

GOODNOW,  FRANK  JOHNSON,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1859  in  Long 
Island.  He  has  been  professor  of  admin 
istrative  law  in  Columbia  university  since 
1884;  and  is  the  author  of  Comparative 
Administrative  Law;  and  Municipal  Home 
Rule. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


409 


GOODRICH,  AARON,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  6,  1807,  in  Sempron- 
ius,  N.  Y.  In  1849  he  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  United  States  district  court 
for  the  territory  of  Minnesota,  and  was 
the  first  judge  appointed  for  that  dis 
trict.  He  published  a'History  of  the  So- 
Called  Christopher  Columbus. 

GOODRICH,  ALFRED  BAILEY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  22,  1828,  in 
Rocky  Hill,  Conn.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  service  and  tune  book  for  Sunday 
Schools. 

GOODRICH,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1790  in 
Ridgefield,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregation 
al  clergyman  of  Hartford,  and  the  author 
of  Lives  of  the  Signers  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence;  History  of  the  United 
States;  View  of  Religions;  Family  Tour 
ist;  Great  Events  of  American  History; 
Outlines  of  Geography;  and  Universal 
Traveler.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1862,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

GOODRICH,  CHARLES  RUSH,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  March  16,  1829,  in 
Troy,  N.  Y.  He  edited,  with  Prof.  Benja 
min  Silliman,  Jr.,  The  World  of  Science, 
Art  and  Industry,  illustrated  with  five 
hundred  drawings  from  the  New  York  ex 
hibition  of  1853;  and  was  one  of  the  edi 
tors  of  Practical  Science  and  Mechanism. 
He  died  Aug.  22,  1855,  in  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

GOODRICH,  CHAUNCEY,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1759,  in  Dur 
ham,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  Connecticut  legislature  in  1793;  and 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1795  to 
1801.  From  1802  to  1807  he  was  a  coun 
cilor  of  the  state,  and  was  elected  United 
States  senator  from  1807  to  1813.  He  was 
elected  mayor  of  Hartford  in  1812,  and 
resigned  his  seat  in  congress.  He  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state  in 
1813,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Hartford 
convention  in  1814.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1815, 
in  Hartford,  Conn. 

GOODRICH,  CHAUNCEY,  clergyman, 
was  born  July  20,  1817,  in  Middletown, 
Conn.  He  resided  in  New  Haven,  occu 
pied  with  literary  labors,  chief  among 
which  was  the  continuation  of  his  father's 
work  in  the  revision  of  Webster's  dic 
tionary.  He  died  March  27,  1868,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

GOODRICH,  CHAUNCEY  ALLEN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1790,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  and  professor  at  Yale 
university,  in  1817-60.  He  published 
Greek  and  Latin  Lessons;  A  Greek 
Grammar;  was  the  editor  and  reviser  of 
Webster's  Dictionary,  and  also  edited  Se 
lect  British  Eloquence,  with  careful  crit 
ical  notes.  He  died  Feb.  25,  1860,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

GOODRICH,  ELIZUR,  clergyman,  as 
tronomer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1734, 
in  Wethersfield,  Conn.  He  was  an  able 
astronomer,  and  spent  much  of  his  time 
in  calculating  the  eclipses  of  each  suc 
cessive  year,  and  published  the  fullest  and 
most  accurate  account  of  the  aurora  bo- 
realis  of  1780.  He  was  a  candidate  for 
governor  of  Connecticut;  and  was  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  sermons  and  ad 
dresses.  He  died  Nov.  22,  1797,  in  North 
Norfolk,  Conn. 

GOODRICH.  ELIZUR,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  March  24,  1761, 
in  Durham,  Conn.  He  was  professor  of 
law  in  Yale  college,  and  for  many  years 
the  efficient  mayor  of  New  Haven.  He 
was  twice  elected  to  the  state  legislature; 
was  a  judge  of  the  county  and  probate 
courts  for  fifteen  years;  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1797;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Connecticut  from 
1799  to  1801.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1849,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 


GOODRICH,  FRANK  BOOT,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  14,  1826,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  dramatist  and  miscellaneous 
writer  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author 
of  The  Court  of  Napoleon;  Man  Upon  the 
Sea;  Tri-Colored  Sketches  of  Paris;  The 
Tribute  Book;  World-Famous  Women; 
Women  of  Beauty  and  Heroism;  and  His 
tory  of  Maritime  Adventure. 

GOODRICH,  JOHN  Z.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1801,  in 
Sheffield,  Mass.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in. 1841;  served  in  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1848  and  1849,  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1851  to  1855, 
from  his  native  state.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  Boston,  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  peace  congress  of  1861. 

GOODRICH,  MILO,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1820,  in  Homer,  N. 
Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  in  1867,  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  congress  as  a 
a  republican. 

GOODRICH,  RALPH  LELAND,  lawyer, 
philologist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  27, 
1840,  in  Oswego,  N.  Y.  In  1873  he  was 
appointed  clerk  of  the  United  States  cir 
cuit  and  district  courts.  He  is  a  proficient 
Sanskrit  scholar,  and  has  published  sev 
eral  excellent  translations  from  the  Vedas. 

GOODRICH,  SAMUEL  GRISWOLD,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1793.  in  Ridgefield, 
Conn.  He  was  a  once  famous  writer  and 
compiler  of  Boston  and  New  York.  He 
published  nearly  two  hundred  volumes, 
mainly  juvenile  and  educational,  some  of 
which  achieved  a  wide  popularity.  Among 
them  are,  History  of  All  Nations;  Tales 
of  Peter  Parley  about  America;  and  Rec 
ollections  of  a  Lifetime,  an  autobiography. 
He  died  May  9,  1860,  in  New  York  city. 

GOODRICH,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1825,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  held  pastorates  in 
Bristol,  Conn.;  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  and 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  was  a  brilliant  pul 
pit  orator  and  published  sermons  and  ad 
dresses.  He  died  July  17,  1874,  in  Swit 
zerland. 

GOODSELL,  DANIEL  AYRES,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1840,  in  New- 
burg,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  delegate  to  every 
general  conference  from  1876  till  1888, 
and  at  the  one  in  New  York  city  in  1888 
was  elected  bishop.  He  has  been  literary 
editor  and  editorial  contributor  of  the  New 
York  Christian  Advocate  since  1880. 

GOODSON,  JOHN,  physician,  jurist,  was 
born  in  England.  From  1686  till  1701  he 
was  one  of  the  proprietaries  commission 
ers  of  property,  and  in  1694  was  appointed 
deputy-governor  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
died  Dec.  28.  1727,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

GOODWIN,  ALEXANDER  CAMP 
BELL,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  June  3,  1846,  in  Utica,  Ind.  He  has 
been  superintendent  of  schools  in  Indiana 
and  Kentucky  for  more  than  twenty 
years,  and  for  three  years  was  president 
of  the  Owensboro  Female  college. 

GOODWIN,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1799,  in 
Geneva,  N.  Y.  He  was  United  States 
district  attorney  for  Michigan  in  1834-41; 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  in  1843-50; 
president  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1850.  and  a  member  of  that  of 
1867.  In  1850-81  ne  was  circuit  judge  for 
the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan.  He 
served  repeatedly  in  the  legislature.  He 
died  Aug.  24,  1887,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

GOODWIN,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1832  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  Chicago,  and  the  author  of 
James  Pitts  and  His  Sons  in  the  American 
Revolution;  The  Dearborns;  The  Lord's 
Table;  and  Provincial  Pictures. 


GOODWIN,  DANIEL  RAYNES,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April 
12,  1811,  in  North  Berwick,  Maine.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  who  was  a 
professor  in  the  Philadelphia  Divinity 
school,  and  of  much  prominence  as  a  low 
churchman.  He  was  the  author  of  South 
ern  Slavery  in  Its  Present  Aspects;  Chris 
tianity  Neither  Ascetic  nor  Fanatic;  The 
Christian  Ministry;  Shall  We  Return  to 
Rome?  The  Perpetuity  of  the  Sabbath; 
The  New  Ritualistic  Divinity;  and  Chris 
tian  Eschatology.  He  died  March  12,  1890, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GOODWIN,  ELLA  DIMMICK,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  7,  1869,  in  Schuyler  county,  111. 
In  1880  she  removed  to  Kansas  with  her 
parents,  and  three  years  later  was  married 
to  Thomas  J.  Goodwin  of  Ludell.  Her 
poems  have  appeared  in  current  litera 
ture,  Poets  of  America,  and  other  stand 
ard  works. 

GOODWIN,  GEORGE  FRANCIS,  law 
yer,  prohibitionist,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1849, 
in  Groton,  Vt.  In  1880  he  was  state's  at 
torney  of  Mower  county,  Minn.;  attorney- 
general  of  North  Dakota  in  1889,  and  is 
now  a  prominent  prohibition  worker  of 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

GOODWIN,  MRS.  HANNAH  ELIZA 
BETH  BRADBURY,  author,  was  born  in 
1827  in  Massachusetts.  She  is  a  Boston 
writer  for  young  people,  among  whose 
works  are  Madge;  Christine's  Fortune; 
Dorothy  Gray;  Dr.  Howells's  Family;  and 
Fortunes  of  Miss  Follen.  She  died  in 
1893. 

GOODWIN,  HENRY  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  25,  1824,  in  De 
Ruyter,  N.  Y.  In  1847  he  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Madison  county,  and  held 
the  office  three  years.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  second 
session  of  the  thirty-third  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 
He  died  Nov.  12,  1860,  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

GOODWIN,  ICHABOD,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  25,  1743,  in  South 
Berwick,  Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
provincial  congress  in  1775  and  1777;  and 
was  lieutenant-colonel  of  Gerrish's  York 
county  regiment,  having  charge  of  the 
Saratoga  prisoners.  He  was  major-gene 
ral  of  militia  from  1783  to  1815;  a  member 
of  the  general  court  in  1792;  and  sheriff  of 
York  county,  Maine,  from  1793  to  1820. 
He  died  May  25,  1820,  in  South  Berwick. 

GOODWIN,  ICHABOD,  governor,  was 
born  Oct.  10,  1796,  in  North  Berwick,  N. 
H.  He  was  governor  of  New  Hampshire 
from  1860  to  1861. 

GOODWIN,  ISAAC,  author,  was  born 
June  28,  1786,  in  Plymouth,  Mass.  He 
was  a  writer  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  and  the 
father  of  Mrs.  Jane  Goodwin  Austin.  He 
was  the  author  of  History  of  the  Town  of 
Stirling;  The  Town  Officer;  and  The  New- 
England  Sheriff.  He  died  Sept.  16,  1832, 
in  Worcester,  Mass. 

GOODWIN,  JOHN  ABBOTT,  author, 
was  born  May  21,  1824,  in  Stirling,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Lowell  writer  who  published 
The  Pilgrim  Fathers  Neither  Puritans 
nor  Persecutors;  and  The  Pilgrim  Repub 
lic,  an  historical  review  of  the  Plymouth 
colony.  He  died  in  1884. 

GOODWIN,  JOHN  NOBLE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  18, 
1824,  in  South  Berwick.  Maine.  He  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  Maine;  and  in  1860 
was  a  representative  from  Maine  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  was  subse 
quently  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  ter 
ritory  of  Arizona:  afterwards  was  govern 
or,  and  was  elected  a  delegate  from  Ari 
zona  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 


410 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GOODWIN,  MRS.  LAVINA  STELLA, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1833, 
in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  Since  1869  she  has 
been  associate  editor  of  The  Watchman  of 
Boston,  Mass.  She  is  the  author  of  three 
juvenile  volumes,  entitled  Little  Folks' 
Own;  The  Little  Helper;  and  The  Mys 
terious  Miner. 

GOODWIN,  MRS.  MAUD  WILDER,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1856  in  New  York.  She 
is  an  historical  novelist  of  New  York  city, 
and  the  author  of  The  Colonial  Cavalier, 
or  Southern  Life  Before  the  Revolution; 
The  Head  of  a  Hundred;  White  Aprons, 
an  historical  romance;  and  Dolly  Madi 
son,  a  biography. 

GOODWIN,  MYRON  HENRY,  educator, 
writer,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1860,  in  Baldwin, 
Maine.  In  1882  he  graduated  from  Bow- 
doin  college.  In  1884  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  Denver,  Col.,  but  has  not  prac 
ticed.  He  has  taught  Greek  and  Latin  in 
New  York,  Wisconsin  and  Massachusetts, 
and  has  contributed  both  prose  and  verse 
to  the  leading  newspapers  and  magazines 
of  America. 

GOODWIN,  NATHANIEL,  genealogist, 
author,  was  born  March  5,  1782,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  He  was  a  Hartford  geneal 
ogist  and  probate  judge,  and  the  author 
of  Genealogical  Notes  of  Some  of  the 
First  Settlers  of  Connecticut  and  Massa 
chusetts.  He  died  May  28,  1855,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

GOODWIN,  NATHANIEL  C.,  comedian, 
was  born  July  25,  1857,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
Among  the  plays  in  which  he  has  been 
seen  to  advantage  on  the  American  stage 
are:  Hobbies;  Warranted;  Ourselves; 
Major  Wellington  De  Boots;  Mascot; 
Pinafore;  Patience;  Big  Pony,  and 
others. 

GOODWIN,  PETERSON,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1803  to  1818.  He  died  in 
November,  1818. 

GOODWIN,  WILLIAM  FREDERICK, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1823,  in 
Limington,  Maine.  He  was  the  author  of 
a  History  of  the  Constitution  of  New 
Hampshire  of  1776,  1784,  1792;  and  Rec 
ords  of  Narragansett  Township.  He  died 
March  12,  1872,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

GOODWIN,  WILLIAM  WATSON,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  May  9,  1831,  in 
•Concord,  Mass.  He  is  an  eminent  Greek 
scholar,  Eliot  professor  of  Greek  at  Har 
vard  university  from  1860.  He  has  pub 
lished  Syntax  of  Moods  and  Tenses  of  the 
Greek  Verb;  and  A  Greek  Grammar. 

GOODWYN,  ALBERT  TAYLOR,  sol 
dier,  farmer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  17,  1842,  in  Robinson 
Springs,  Ala.  He 
was  educated  a  t 
South  Carolina  col 
lege  and  the  univer- 
s  i  t  y  of  Virginia, 
from  which  latter  in 
stitution  of  learning 
he  was  graduated  in 
1867;  and  is  a  farm 
er.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state 
house  of  represent 
atives  i  n  1886-87, 
and  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  from  1892  to  1896,  and  was 
state  inspector  of  convicts  from  1874  to 
1880.  He  was  in  the  confederate  army 
from  the  beginning  of  the  war  to  the  end; 
participating  in  the  bombardment  of  Fort 
Sumter  in  April,  1861,  and  was  mustered 
out  at  the  close  of  the  war  as  captain  of  a 
company  of  sharpshooters.  He  took  his 
seat  in  the  fifty-fourth  congress  April 
22,  1896. 

GOODYEAR,  CHARLES,  inventor,  was 
born  Dec.  29,  1800,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  produced  the  vulcanized  or  ebonized 


india-rubber,  which  immortalized  his 
name,  and  he  lived  long  enough  to  see  his 
material  applied  to  nearly  five  hundred 
uses.  He  died  July  1,  1860,  in  New  York 
city. 

GOODYEAR,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  April  26, 
1805,  in  Cobbeskill,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  assembly  in  1839.  In  1811 
he  was  appointed  first  judge  of  Schoharie 
county;  and  was  a  representative  from 
New  York  in  the  twenty-ninth  congress. 
In  1864  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress. 

GOODYEAR,  FRANK  HENRY,  finan 
cier,  was  born  March  17,  1849,  in  Groton, 
N.  Y.  He  settled  in  Buffalo  in  the  coal 
and  lumber  trade,  and  has  since  built 
eleven  saw  mills  in  woodland  regions  of 
Pennsylvania.  Through  other  methods, 
his  coal  trade  has  also  grown  to  large 
proportions. 

GOODYEAR,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1846  in  Con 
necticut.  He  is  an  art  educator  of  New 
York  city,  and  the  author  of  Roman  and 
Mediaeval  Art;  Renaissance  and  Modern 
Art;  History  of  Art;  The  Grammar  of  the 
Lotus;  and  Ancient  and  Modern  History. 

GOOGINS,  GEORGE,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  in  October,  1822,  in  Han 
cock,  Maine.  In  1847  he  graduated  from 
the  Maine  Medical  college  of  Brunswick. 
For  several  years  he  has  been  United 
States  examining  surgeon;  and  is  one  of 
the  oldest  and  most  reliable  physicians 
in  eastern  Maine,  and  for  nearly  half  a 
century  has  practiced  his  profession  at 
Milbridge.  In  1871-72  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Maine  state  legislature, 
and  has  been  active  in  politics  all  his 
life,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  whig 
and  republican  parties. 

GOOGINS,  GEORGE  EDGAR,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1863,  in  Mil- 
bridge,  Maine.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  city,  and  in  1882  graduated  from 
the  East  Maine  Conference  seminary  of 
Bucksport,  and  in  1886  from  the  Colby  uni 
versity.  During  1892-95  he  was  superin 
tendent  of  public  schools  of  Milbridge, 
Maine,  where  he  is  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law.  He  has  written  numerous 
stories  and  poems  for  the  press,  and  is 
the  author  of  a  novel  entitled  Strange  Ad 
ventures  of  a  Summer  Tourist. 

GOOKIN,  CHARLES,  soldier,  states 
man.  He  attained  the  rank  of  colonel, 
and  was  deputy-governor  of  Pennsylvania 
under  William  Penn  during  1709-17. 

GOOKIN,  DANIEL,  author,  was  born 
in  1612  in  England.  For  the  last  thirty 
years  of  his  life  he  was  superintendent  of 
the  Indians  in  Massachusetts.  His  writ 
ings  include  Historical  Collections  of  the 
Indians  in  New  England;  and  Account  of 
the  Doings  and  Sufferings  of  the  Christian 
Indians  in  New  England.  He  died  March 
19,  1687,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

GOOKINS,  SAMUEL  BARNES,  journal 
ist,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  May  30, 
1809,  in  Rupert,  Conn.  Just  twenty  years 
after  he  went  to  Vincennes  to  aid  in  es 
tablishing  the  Vincennes  Gazette,  he  went 
to  the  same  place  to  hold  his  first  term 
as  judge  of  the  circuit  court.  He  repre 
sented  Vigo  county  in  the  Indiana  legis 
lature. 

GORDON.  ADON1RAM  JUDSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  19,  1836,  in 
New  Hampton.  N.  H.  He  was  a  baptist 
clergyman  of  Boston,  pastor  of  the  Clar 
endon  church  from  1869  until  his  death; 
and  the  author  of  Grace  and  Glory;  In 
Christ;  Ministry  of  Healing;  The  Ministry 
of  the  Spirit;  The  Life  that  Now  Is  and 
That  to  Come;  The  Holy  Spirit  in  Mis 
sions;  and  Ecce  Venit.  He  died  in  1895. 


GORDON,  ANNA  ADAMS,  author,  was 
born  July  21,  1853,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She 
was  the  private  secretary  of  Frances  E. 
Willard  from  1877  until  her  death.  She 
prepared  the  song  books  of  the  Loyal 
Temperance  Legions  and  also  the  songs 
for  Woman's  temperance  work  and  the 
white  ribbon  hymnal.  She  is  the  author 
of  Questions  Answered;  The  White  Rib 
bon  Birthday  Book;  and  other  pamphlets 
and  booklets. 

GORDON,  ARCHIBALD  D.,  author,  was 
born  in  1848  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  dra 
matic  critic  and  playwright  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  The  Ugly  Duck 
ling;  Is  Marriage  a  Failure?;  and  That 
Girl  From  Mexico.  He  died  in  1895. 

GORDON,  ARMISTEAD  CHURCHILL, 
lawyer,  poet,  was  born  in  1855  in  Albe- 
marle  county,  Va.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  dialect  poems  entitled  Befo'  de 
War.  He  is  an  able  lawyer  of  Staunton, 
Va.,  of  which  city  he  has  been  mayor. 

GORDON,  CHARLES  BENJAMIN 
WILLIAM,  clergyman,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1861,  in  Colerain,  N.  C. 
He  has  attained  success  as  a  pastor  of  the 
baptist  church  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  and 
since  1886  he  has  been  editor  of  The  Na 
tional  Pilot.  He  is  the  founder  of  the 
American  and  The  National  Orphan 
Home;  and  has  been  president  of  the  Na 
tional  Orphan  and  Educational  associa 
tion  since  1886. 

GORDON,  CLARENCE,  author,  was 
born  April  28,  1835,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  a  writer  of  Newburg,  N.  Y.  His 
writings,  intended  for  juvenile  reading, 
include  Christmas  at  Under  Tor;  Our 
Fresh  and  Salt  Tutors;  Two  Lives  in 
One;  and  Boarding-School  Days. 

GORDON,  EDWARD  CLIFFORD,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  Sept. 
1,  1842,  in  Richmond,  Va.  He  is  president 
of  the  Westminster  college  of  Fulton,  Mo. 

GORDON,  GEORGE  ANGIER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1853  in  Scot 
land.  He  is  a  prominent  congregational 
clergyman  of  Boston,  pastor  of  the  Old 
South  church  from  1884,  and  the  author 
of  The  Christ  of  To-Day;  The  Witness  to 
Immortality  in  Literature,  Philosophy  and 
Life;  and  Immortality  and  the  New  The 
odicy. 

GORDON,  GEORGE  HENRY,  lawyer, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  July  19,  1823,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Boston  who  served  as  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  federal  army  during  the  civil  war, 
and  was  the  author  of  History  of  the  Sec 
ond  Massachusetts  Infantry;  The  Cam 
paign  of  the  Army  of  Virginia  under  Gen 
eral  Pope;  War  Diary  of  Events  in  the 
War  of  the  Great  Rebellion;  and  Brook 
Farm  to  Cedar  Mountain.  He  died  Aug. 
30,  1886,  in  Framingham,  Mass. 

GORDON,  GEORGE  PHINEAS,  printer, 
manufacturer,  inventor,  was  born  April 
21,  1810,  in  Salem,  N.  H.  His  fame  arose 
from  his  invention  of  the  Gordon  job 
press.  The  Gordon  Press  works,  having  a 
factory  at  Rahway,  N.  J.,  of  which  he 
was  proprietor,  produced  an  immense 
number  of  these  machines,  which  found 
their  way  into  nearly  every  job  office  in 
the  United  States.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1878, 
in  Norfolk,  Va. 

GORDON,  J.  WRIGHT,  governor,  was 
born  in  1807  in  Virginia.  He  was  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Michigan  during  the 
administration  of  Governor  Woodbridge; 
and  upon  the  latter's  resignation,  became 
governor.  He  died  in  December,  1853. 

GORDON,  JAMES,  state  senator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  for  seven  years  a 
member  of  the  state  senate  of  New  York; 
and  twelve  years  in  the  state  assembly. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1791  to  1795. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


411 


GORDON,  JOHN  BROWN,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  governor,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1832,  in  Upson  coun 
ty,  Ga.  He  entered  the  army  as  captain  of 
infantry  in  the  confederate  army.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for 
the  term  commencing  in  1873  and  ending 
in  1879,  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term 
ending  in  1885.  He  was  elected  governor 
in  1886,  and  re-elected  in  1888.  He  was 
elected  United  States  senator  for  the 
term  1891-97. 

GORDON,  LAURA  DE  P..  journalist, 
lawyer,  orator,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1843,  in 
Erie  county,  Pa.  In  1873  she  founded 
the  Daily  Leader  at  Oakland,  Cal.  In  1879 
she  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  California. 

GORDON,  M.  LAFAYETTE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1843  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  congregational  clergyman  and 
physician,  formerly  a  missionary  to 
Japan,  and  subsequently  a  professor  in 
Doshisha  university,  Kyoto.  He  is  the 
author  of  An  American  Missionary  in 
Japan. 

GORDON,  MERRITT  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  March,  1857, 
in  Canada.  For  ten  years  he  resided  in 
Dakota,  where  he  served  as  district  attor 
ney  and  as  a  member  of  the  legislature. 
Since  1889  he  has  resided  in  Olympia, 
Wash.;  was  elected  in  1892  to  the  superior 
bench  of  Thurston  county,  and  in  1884 
was  elected  to  the  supreme  bench. 

GORDON,  PATRICK,  soldier,  governor, 
author,  was  born  in  1644,  in  England.  In 
1726  he  was  elected  governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  in  1728  he  published  Two  In 
dian  Treaties  at  Conestogo.  He  died  Aug. 
5,  1736,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GORDON,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  served  in  the  state 
assembly  in  1834  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1841  to 
1843,  and  again  from  1845  to  1847.  In 
1863  he  was  appointed  provost-marshal  for 
the  nineteenth  district  of  New  York. 

GORDON,  THOMAS,  statesman,  was 
born  in  Scotland.  He  came  to  New  Jersey 
in  1684,  and  settled  in  Scotch  Plains.  He 
was  elected  attorney-general  of  the  east 
ern  district  in  1698,  chief  secretary  and 
register  in  1702;  elected  to  the  legislature, 
and  became  speaker  of  the  assembly.  In 
1709  he  became  chief  justice,  and  was  af 
terward  receiver-general  and  treasurer  of 
the  province.  He  died  in  1722  in  Amboy, 
N.  J. 

GORDON,  THOMAS  F.,  lawyer,  anti 
quarian,  author,  was  born  in  1787  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  lawyer 
and  antiquarian,  and  the  author  of  Digest 
of  the  Laws  of  the  United  States;  History 
of  Pennsylvania  to  1776;  History  of  New 
Jersey  to  1789;  History  of  America;  Cab 
inet  of  American  History;  History  of  An 
cient  Mexico;  and  Gazetteers  of  New 
York,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania.  He 
died  Jan.  17,  1860,  in  Beverly,  N.  J. 

GORDON,  THOMAS  W.,  lawyer,  poet. 
He  served  two  terms  as  vice-president  of 
the  board  of  pension  examiners  of  George 
town,  Ohio,  where  he  practices  his  profes 
sion  with  success.  He  nas  written  exten 
sively  for  medical  journals,  and  his  poems 
have  been  given  a  place  in  several  stand 
ard  works. 

GORDON,  WALTER  SCOTT,  inventor, 
was  born  Aug.  21,  1742,  in  Greenwich,  R. 
I.  In  1883  he  founded  the  vigorous  city 
of  Sheffield,  Ala.  He  invented  a  coal 
mining  machine  and  a  cotton  screw.  He 
died  Oct.  16,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

GORDON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  He  was  attorney-general  for  the 
state  of  New  Hampshire,  and  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  New  Hampshire 


from  1797  to  1800,  when  he  resigned.     He 
died  in  May,  1802,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GORDON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  was  born 
Dec.  15,  1862,  near  Oak  Harbor,  Ohio.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city; 
attended  the  Toledo  Business  college,  and 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Michi 
gan  in  1891.  He  had  subsequently  taught 
school.  In  1894  he  was  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  his  county;  was  ap 
pointed  a  member  of  the  board  of  county 
school  examiners,  and  in  1895  removed  to 
Port  Clinton,  the  county  seat.  In  1896  he 
was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  democratic 
national  convention;  and  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state. 

GORDON,  WILLIAM  F.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1828  to  1835.  He  is  said  to  have  been  the 
originator  of  the  sub-treasury  system.  He 
died  July  2,  1858,  in  Albemarle  county. 

GORDON,  WILLIAM  ROBERT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  19,  1811,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  Dutch  reformed 
clergyman  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey, 
and  the  author  of  Supreme  Godhead  of 
Christ;  Particular  Providence,  A  Three 
fold  Test  of  Modern  Spiritualism;  The 
Peril  of  Our  Ship  of  State;  Revealed 
Truth  Impregnable;  The  Reformed  Church 
in  America;  and  Christocracy.  He  died 
March  30,  1896,  in  Manhasset,  N.  Y. 

GORE,  CHRISTOPHER,  lawyer,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1758  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1789  he  was  ap 
pointed  district  attorney  for  the  district  of 
Massachusetts.  He  was  chosen  governor 
in  1809,  and  in  1813  was  chosen  a  senator 
of  the  United  States,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  until  1816.  He  died  March  1,  1827. 

GORE,  DAVID,  farmer,  was  born  April 
5,  1827,  in  Kentucky.  He  has  been  a  state 
senator  and  president  of  the  state  board  of 
agriculture,  and  in  1896  was  elected  audi 
tor  of  state  at  Springfield,  111. 

GORE,  JAMES  HOWARD,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1856  in  Virginia.  He 
is  a  professor  of  mathematics  in  Colum 
bian  university,  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is 
the  author  of  Geodesy;  Elements  of 
Geodesy;  and  several  annotated  editions 
of  German  works  for  college  study. 

GORGAS,  FERDINAND  J.  S.,  dentist, 
author,  was  born  in  1834  in  Virginia.  He  is 
a  Baltimore  dentist,  professor  in  the  col 
lege  of  Dental  Surgery  since  1860,  and  the 
author  of  Lectures  on  Dental  Science  and 
Therapeutics;  and  Dental  Materia  Medica. 

GORGAS,  JOSIAH,  soldier,  college  pres 
ident,  was  born  July  1,  1818,  in  Dauphin 
county,  Tenn.  He  was  placed  at  the  head 
of  the  confederate  ordnance  department 
with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  He 
was  made  president  of  the  university  of 
Alabama  in  1878.  He  died  May  15,  1883, 
in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 

GORHAM,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1775,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  the  Suffolk  district 
from  1820  to  1823,  and  from  1827  to  1831, 
and  from  1833  to  1835.  He  was  afterward 
for  a  short  time  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1855,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

GORHAM,  JOHN,  physician,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1783,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1809  he  was  appointed  adjunct 
professor  of  chemistry  and  materia  medi- 
ca  in  Harvard,  and  in  1815  was  made  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  and  mineralogy.  He 
published  an  Inaugural  Address  and  Ele 
ments  of  Chemical  Science.  He  died 
March  29.  1829,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


GORHAM,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  May  27,  1738,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  legislature  from  1771  to  1775; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  provincial  congress 
in  1774  and  1775;  and  again  a  member  of 
the  legislature,  and  a  member  of  the  board 
of  war  from  1778  until  its  dissolution. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1779;  a  delegate  to 
the  continental  congress  in  1782  and  1783, 
and  from  1785  to  1787,  and  was  chosen 
president  of  that  body  in  1786.  He  was 
for  several  years  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas.  He  died  June  11,  1796,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass. 

GORHAM,  WALLACE  A.,  poet,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1833,  in  Pittsford,  Vt.  In 
1846  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Rock- 
ford,  111.,  and  in  1869  to  Iowa,  and  since 
1887  has  resided  in  Spirit  Lake.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  poems,  which 
have  appeared  in  the  periodical  press,  and 
in  several  standard  works. 

GORLEY,  HUGH  ALEXANDER,  sol 
dier,  merchant,  orator,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  25,  1833,  in  Uniontown,  Pa.  He 
attended  the  Madi 
son  college  of  his 
native  city;  and  dur 
ing  the  civil  war  was 
captain  in  company 
B.  first  regiment  Cal 
ifornia  volunteer  in 
fantry,  attached  to 
the  column  from  Cal 
ifornia.  In  1881  he 
served  with  distinc 
tion  in  the  California 
state  legislature  as  a 
representative  from 

San  Francisco.  He  has  been  a  successful 
merchant  of  San  Rafael,  Cal.,  is  pres 
ident  of  the  society  of  California  Vol 
unteers;  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  ihe  Republic;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  California  Commandery  of  the 
Military  Order,  Loyal  Legion  of  the 
United  States. 

GORMAN,  ARTHUR  PUE,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  March  11,  1839, 
in  Howard  county,  Md.  In  1869  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  dele 
gates  of  the  Maryland  legislature  as  a 
democrat;  was  re-elected  in  1871,  and 
then  elected  speaker  of  the  house  of  dele 
gates  at  the  ensuing  session.  In  1875  he 
was  elected  to  represent  Howard  county 
in  the  Maryland  state  senate,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  November,  1879,  for  a  term  of 
four  years.  He  was  elected  in  1880  to  the 
United  States  senate  as  a  democrat;  was 
re-elected  in  1886  and  in  1892.  His  term  of 
service  will  expire  March  3,  1899. 

GORMAN,  JAMES  SEDGWICK,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
28,  1850,  in  Lyndon,  Mich.  He  was  elected 
to  the  lower  house  of  the  Michigan  legis 
lature  in  1880,  and  in  1886  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate  from  the  fourth  district, 
and  re-elected  in  1888.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

GORMAN,  JOHN  BERRY,  physician, 
artist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1793,  in 
Newberry  district,  S.  C.  He  owned  a 
valuable  library,  was  fond  of  painting, 
and  left  a  picture  entitled  the  Nightmare. 
He  published  the  Philosophy  of  Animated 
Existence.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1864,  in  Tal- 
bot  county,  Ga. 

GORMAN,  WILLIS  ARNOLD,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Jan.  12,  1814,  near  Flemingsburg,  Ky. 
For  several  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Indiana  state  legislature.  He  was  major 
of  the  third  Indiana  volunteers  in  the 
Mexican  war,  and  in  1848  was  civil  and 
military  governor  of  Puebla.  He  was  a 


412 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


representative  in  congress  from  1849  to 
1853,  from  Kentucky.  He  was  governor  of 
Minnesota  from  1853  to  1857.  He  was  ap 
pointed  brigadier-general  in  1861,  and  was 
in  the  battles  of  Ball's  Bluff  and  West 
Point.  He  died  May  20,  1876,  in  St.  Paul, 
Minn. 

GORRIE,  PETER  DOUGLAS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  21,  1813,  in 
Glasgow,  Scotland.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman  of  New  York,  and  the  author  of 
Churches  and  Sects  in  the  United  States; 
Episcopal  Methodism  as  It  Was  and  Is; 
and  Lives  of  Eminent  Methodists.  He 
died  Sept.  12,  1884,  in  Potsdam,  N.  Y. 

GORKINGE,  HENRY  HONEYCHURCH, 
naval  officer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  11, 
1841,  in  Barbadoes.  W.  I.  He  was  a  United 
States  naval  officer  who  superintended  the 
removal  of  the  obelisk  from  Egypt  to 
New  York,  and  after  leaving  the  navy 
engaged  in  ship-building.  His  only  publi 
cation  is  a  work  on  Egyptian  Obelisks. 
He  died  July  7,  1885,  in  New  York. 

GORSHIRE,  WILLIAM  R.,  jurist,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  moved  to  Colo 
rado,  where  he  was  appointed  United 
States  judge  for  the  territory  of  Colorado, 
residing  at  Denver. 

GORTNER,  JOHN  NARVER,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  16, 
1874,  in  St.  Charles,  111.  He  attended  the 
Garrett  Biblical  in 
stitute  and  has  at 
tained  prominence  as 
a  lecturer  and  cler 
gyman  of  the  meth- 
o  d  i  s  t  episcopal 
church  of  Newman 
Grove,  Neb.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  en 
titled  Dust  From  the 
Chariot  Wheels;  and 
a  memorial  poem  en 
titled  Across  the 
Wave,  to  the  memory  of  his  father,  a  mis 
sionary  who  died  in  Africa. 

GORTNER.  JOSEPH  ROSS,  clergyman, 
missionary,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1846, 
in  Williamsport,  Pa.  He  graduated  from 
the  Dickinson  seminary,  and  became  an 
eminent  clergyman  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church.  He  went  as  a  missionary 
to  Africa  during  the  latter  part  of  his 
life,  and  died  March  8,  1888,  on  the  west 
coast  of  Africa. 

GORTON,  DAVID  ALLYN,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1832  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  physician  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Monism  of  Man.  or  the  Unity 
of  the  Divine  and  Human;  The  Principles 
of  Mental  Hygiene;  The  Drift  of  Medical 
Philosophy;  and  Neurasthenia. 

GORTON,  SAMUELL,  author,  was  born 
in  1592  in  England.  He  was  the  founder 
of  a  small  sect  sometimes  called  Nothing 
arians,  which  survived  him  for  about  a 
century.  He  was  the  author  of  Simplici- 
tie's  Defence  Against  Seven-Headed  Pol 
icy;  An  Incorruptible  Key  Composed  of 
the  CX.  Psalm;  Saltmarsh  Returned  from 
the  Dead;  An  Antidote  Against  the  Com-, 
mon  Plague  of  the  World;  and  Certain 
Copies  of  Letters.  He  died  in  1677  in 
Rhode  Island. 

GOSACK.  GEORGE  MECHLIN,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  7.  1866,  in  Day 
ton,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Pittsburg,  Pa.;  and  in  1897  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  house  of 
representatives. 

GOSNELL.  JAMES,  clergyman,  was 
born  Sept.  14,  1857,  in  Ireland.  He  attend 
ed  the  university  of  Rochester,  and  the 
Syracuse  university,  and  has  received  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.,  A.  M.  and  Ph.  D.  Since 
1880  he  has  been  a  clergyman  of  the  meth 


odist  episcopal  church  in  Rochester  and 
vicinity,  and  since  1895  in  Lockport,  N.  Y. 

GOSPER,  JOHN  J.,  soldier,  orator,  was 
born  April  8,  1841,  in  Knox  county,  Ohio. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  gallantly 
in  the  union  army  as  first  lieutenant  of 
the  United  States  colored  troops,  and  lost 
a  leg  in  the  war.  He  was  president  of  the 
city  council  of  Lincoln,  Neb.,  and  secre 
tary  of  state  of  Nebraska  in  1873.  Gosper 
county,  Neb.,  was  named  for  him.  In 
1877  he  was  appointed  by  President  Hayes 
to  the  secretaryship  of  Arizona  territory, 
and  served  five  years,  most  of  the  time  as 
acting  governor.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  school  board  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

GOSS,  ELBRIDGE  HENRY, author,  was 
born  in  1830  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a 
writer  of  Melrose,  Mass.,  and  the  author 
of  Life  of  Colonel  Paul  Revere;  and  Mel- 
rose  Memorial. 

GOSS,  JAMES  H.,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1820,  in  Union 
Court  House,  S.  C.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1867,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  South  Carolina  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress. 

GOSS,  WARREN  LEE,  author,  was 
born  in  1838  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a 
writer  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  more  re 
cently  of  Rutherford,  N.  J.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Soldier's  Story  of  the  Cap 
tivity  at  Andersonville;  Jack  Alden;  Tom 
Clifton;  Jed;  and  Recollections  of  a  Pri 
vate. 

GOTT,  DANIEL,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Connecticut.  On  moving  to  New  York 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1847  to  1851. 

GOTTLIEB,  ERNEST,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1743  in  England.  He 
was  a  Moravian  missionary  who  made  ex 
tended  studies  of  Indian  customs.  He  is 
the  author  of  History,  etc.,  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Indians;  Mission  of  the  United 
Brethren  Among  the  Delawares;  and 
Names  which  the  Delawares  Gave  to 
Rivers  and  Streams,  with  their  Signifi 
cation.  He  died  in  1823. 

GOUCHER,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  philanthropist, 
was  born  June  7,  1845,  in  Waynesboro, 
Pa.  He  was  one  of  the  original  incorpor- 
ators  of  the  Woman's  college  of  Balti 
more,  of  which  he  is  president. 

GOUDY,  WILLIAM  C.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  15,  1824,  in  Indi 
ana.  In  1853  he  became  state's  attorney, 
and  in  1856  was  sent  to  the  state  senate. 
In  1859  he  opened  an  office  in  Chicago  and 
for  thirty-four  years  made  unhalting  prog 
ress.  He  died  April  27,  1893,  in  Chicago, 
111. 

GOUGAR,  HELEN  M.,  lawyer,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  July  18,  1843,  in  Litch- 
field,  Mich.  She  is  the  author  of  the  law 
granting  municipal  suffrage  to  women  in 
Kansas,  and  has  published  Women  Wealth 
Winners,  and  other  works. 

GOUGE,  WILLIAM  M.,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  10,  1796,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  a  financial  writer  and  for  thirty 
years  was  in  the  treasury  department  at 
Washington.  He  was  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  the  American  Banking  System; 
Expediency  of  Dispensing  with  Bank 
Paper;  and  Fiscal  History  of  Texas.  He 
died  July  14,  1863,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

GOUGH,  JOHN  BARTHOLOMEW, 
temperance  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  22,  1817,  in  England.  He  was  a  cele 
brated  temperance  lecturer,  and  was  the 
author  of  Autobiography;  Temperance 
Lectures;  Sunlight  and  Shadow,  or  Glean 
ings  from  My  Life  Work;  Temperance 
Dialogues;  and  Platform  Echoes.  He  died 
Feb.  18,  1880,  in  Frankford,  Pa. 


GOULD,  ALTA  ISADORE,  poet,  is  a  na 
tive  of  Michigan.  She  is  the  author  of  The 
Veteran's  Bride;  and  has  contributed  both 
prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical  pn  <s. 
Her  poems  have  been  incorporated  in  sev 
eral  standard  works. 

GOULD,  AUGUSTUS  ADDISON,  con- 
chologist,  author,  was  born  April  23,  1805* 
in  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.  He  was  a  conchol- 
ogist  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  System 
of  Natural  History;  Mollusca  and  Shells; 
Olia  Conchologia;  The  Mollusca  of  the 
North  Pacific  Expedition;  and  The  Inver- 
tebrata  of  Massachusetts.  He  died  Sept. 
15,  1866,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GOULD,  BENJAMIN  APTHORP.  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  June  15,  1787,  in 
Lancaster,  Mass.  He  was  an  educator  of 
Massachusetts  who  published  The  Prize 
Book;  Adam's  Latin  Grammar;  and  edi 
tions  of  Horace,  Ovid,  and  Virgil.  He 
died  Oct.  24,  1859,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GOULD,  BENJAMIN  APTHORP,  as 
tronomer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1824, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  distinguished 
astronomer,  from  1868-85  director  of  the 
Argentine  Republic  national  observatory 
at  Cordova,  and  subsequently  a  resident 
of  Cambridge.  He  was  the  author  of 
I  ranometry  of  the  Southern  Heavens; 
and  Trans-Atlantic  Longitude  as  Deter 
mined  by  the  Coast  Survey.  He  died  in 
1896. 

GOULD,  EDWARD  SHERMAN,  mer 
chant,  author,  was  born  May  11,  1808,  in 
Litchfield,  Conn.  He  was  a  merchant  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  The 
Sleep  Rider;  The  Very  Age,  a  comedy; 
John  Doe  and  Richard  Roe,  a  tale  of  New 
York  life;  Classified  Elocution;  and  Good 
English.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1885,  in  New 
York  city. 

GOULD,  EDWIN  B.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Jan.  24,  1839,  in  Hillsborough,  N.  H.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Frances- 
town  academy  and  at  the  Appleton  acad 
emy  of  Mount  Vernon,  N.  H.  For  many 
years  he  was  town  clerk  of  Pembroke,  and 
is  now  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Nashua,  N. 
H.,  where  he  has  filled  many  prominent 
public  positions  of  trust  in  the  gift  of  his 
county  and  state. 

GOULD,  ELIZABETH  PORTER,  poet. 
In  1889  she  published  Gems  from  Walt 
Whitman,  which  brought  her  merited 
praise  as  a  critic.  In  1891  she  published 
a  volume  of  her  poems  entitled  Stray  Peb 
bles  from  Shores  of  Thought.  She  has 
been  president  of  several  woman's  or 
ganizations,  and  a  leader  in  woman's 
progress  and  social  affairs  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

GOULD,  EZRA  PALMER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1841  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman;  pro 
fessor  of  New  Testament  literature  in  the 
Philadelphia  Episcopal  Divinity  school; 
and  the  author  of  Commentary  on  Corin 
thians;  and  Notes  on  the  Lessons  of  1885. 

GOULD,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Sept.  2,  1807,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 
In  1855  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  state  of  New  York. 
He  died  Dec.  6,  1868,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

GOULD,  GEORGE  J., railroad  president. 
Since  1893  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Missouri  Pacific  railway. 

GOULD,  HANNAH  FLAGG,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1789,  in  Lancaster,  Mass. 
She  was  a  poet  of  Newburyport,  Mass., 
and  the  author  of  The  Snow  Flake  and  the 
Frost;  Hymns  and  Poems  for  Children; 
The  Golden  Vase;  The  Youth's  Coronal; 
Mother's  Dream,  and  Other  Poems;  Dios- 
ma.  poems  original  and  selected;  and 
Gathered  Leaves,  a  volume  of  prose.  She 
died  Sept.  5,  1865,  in  Newburyport.  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


413 


GOULD,  HERMAN  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  Having  taken 
up.  his  residence  in  New  York  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state,  from  1849  to  1851.  He  died  in 
1852  in  Delhi,  N.  Y. 

GOULD,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Dec.  5,  1770,  in  Branford,  Conn.  He 
was  a  jurist  of  Connecticut  who  published 
The  Principles  of  Pleading  in  Civil  Ac 
tions.  He  died  May  11,  1836,  in  Litch- 
field,  Conn. 

GOULD,  JAY,  financier,  was  born  May 
27,  1836,  in  Roxbury,  N.  Y.  He  made  sur 
veys  of  Ulster,  Albany  and  Delaware 
counties,  and  from 
these  surveys  he  ac 
cumulated  five  thou 
sand  dollars.  In  1856 
he  published  a  His 
tory  of  Delaware 
County.  In  1857  he 
became  the  largest 
stockholder  and  a  di 
rector  intheStrouds- 
burg  (Pa.)  bank; 
bought  the  bonds  of 
the  Rutland  and 
Washington  railroad 
at  ten  cents  on  the  dollar,  and  in  1859  es 
tablished  himself  in  New  York  city  as  a 
broker.  He  invested  heavily  in  Erie  rail 
way  stock,  and  subsequently  controlled 
ten  thousand  miles  of  railroad.  He  ac 
cumulated  over  fifty  millions  of  dollars. 
He  died  Dec.  2,  1892,  in  New  York  city. 

GOULD,  JOHN  W.,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  5,  1814,  in  Litchfield,  Conn.  He  was 
the  author  of  Forecastle  Yarns;  and  Pri 
vate  Journal  of  Voyage  from  New  York 
to  Rio  Janeiro.  He  died  Oct.  1,  1838,  at 
sea. 

GOULD,  NATHANIEL  DUREN,  musi 
cian,  author,  was  born  March  26,  1781,  in 
Bedford,  Mass.  He  was  a  musician  and 
penman  of  Boston  who  published  A  His 
tory  of  Church  Music.  He  died  May  28, 
1864,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GOULD,  OZRO  BARNES,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  April 
17,  1840,  in  Canada.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in 
the  fifty-fifth  Ohio  infantry,  served 
throughout  the  war,  and  attained  the  rank 
of  captain.  In  1867  he  settled  in  Winona, 
Minn.,  in  the  practice  of  law.  In  1881  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  state 
house  of  representatives,  and  in  1895  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  third  judicial  dis 
trict. 

GOULD,  THOMAS  R.,  sculptor,  was 
born  in  1818  in  Boston,  Mass.  Among  the 
works  that  he  produced  were  two  colossal 
heads,  Christ  and  Satan,  both  of  which 
Were  exhibited  at  the  Boston  athenaeum  in 
1863.  but  afterward  removed  to  his  studio 
in  Florence.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1881,  in 
Florence,  Italy. 

GOULD,  WILL  DANIEL,  educator,  law 
yer,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1845,  in  Cabot, 
Vt.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  at  the  pub 
lic  and  high  schools 
of  his  native  city; 
the  academies  of  St. 
Johnsbury  and 
Barre,  Vt.;  and  in 
1871  graduated  from 
the  university  of 
Michigan.  He  be 
came  principal  of 
the  graded  schools  at 
Passumpsic,  Marsh- 
field  and  Plainfield, 
Vt. ;  and  was  super 
intendent  of  schools  in  his  native  town 
when  twenty-one  years  of  age.  In  1872 
he  settled  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  where  he 
has  since  been  successfully  engaged  in  the 
active  practice  of  law. 


GOULDING,  FRANCIS  ROBERT,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1810, 
in  Midway,  Ga.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Georgia  whose  Young  Mar- 
ooners  on  the  Florida  Coast,  a  tale  for 
boys,  has  long  been  popular.  Other  works 
of  his  include  Marooner's  Island;  Frank 
Gordon;  Fishing  and  Fishes;  Woodruff 
Stories;  Little  Josephine;  Cousin  Aleck; 
Adventures  Among  the  Indians;  and  Boy 
Life  on  the  Water.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1881, 
in  Roswell,  Ga. 

GOULEY,  JOHN  WILLIAM  SEVERIN, 
physician,  author,  was  born  March  11, 
1832,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  is  a  phy 
sician,  professor  in  the  university  of  New 
York,  and  the  author  of  External  Perineal 
Urethrotomy;  Diseases  of  the  Urinary 
Organs;  and  Diseases  of  Man. 

GOURDIN,  THEODORE,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1813  to  1815.  He 
died  Jan.  17,  1826. 

GOVAN,  A.  R.,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Orangeburg,  S.  C.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  South  Carolina 
from  1822  to  1827,  having  first  been  elect 
ed  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

GOVE,  SAMUEL  F.,  soldier,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  March  9,  1822, 
in  Weymouth,  Mass.  He  was  a  captain 
and  assessor  of  taxes  for  Bibb  county  in 
the  confederate  service;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Georgia  to  the  for 
tieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

GOVE,  WILLIAM  HAZELTINE,  orator, 
legislator,  was  born  July  10,  1817,  in 
Weare,  N.  H.  He  became  well  known  as  a 
stump  speaker,  and  gained  the  title  of  the 
silver-tongued  orator  of  New  Hampshire. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture  in  1851,  1852,  and  1855.  He  died  March 
11,  1876,  in  Weare,  N.  H. 

GO  WAN,  ALBERT  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  May  16,  1846,  in 
Rushford,  N.  Y.  During  the  civil  war 
he  enlisted  in  battery  M,  first  regiment 
United  States  artillery,  and  served  three 
years.  In  1871  he  moved  to  Osborne 
county,  Kan.,  and  helped  to  organize  that 
county,  and  in  1881  was  its  representative 
in  the  Kansas  state  legislature.  In  1882 
he  moved  to  Oregon  and  in  1890  settled 
in  Burns,  where  he  is  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law.  During  1893-96  he  war, 
captain  of  troop  A  of  the  Oregon  National 
Guard. 

GOWANS,  WILLIAM,  bookseller,  anti 
quarian,  author,  was  born  March  29,  1803, 
in  Scotland.  From  1828  until  his  death  he 
was  identified  with  the  book  business 
of  New  York  city.  He  died  Nov.  27,  1870, 
in  New  York  city. 

GOWER,  CORNELIUS  A.,  educator, 
manufacturer,  was  born  in  1845  in  Abbott, 
Maine.  He  was  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  during  1878-81;  and  the  suc 
ceeding  eleven  years  was  superintendent 
of  the  State  Reform  school.  He  is  presi 
dent  and  general  manager  of  the  Building 
and  Loan  association  of  Lansing,  Mich. 

GRACE,  GEORGE  AZARIAH,  lawyer, 
was  born  Dec.  9,  1845,  in  Johnson  county, 
Tenn.  After  receiving  his  education,  he 
graduated  from  the  Albany  Law  school, 
N.  Y.  He  has  been  assistant  United  States 
attorney  for  the  western  district  of  Arkan 
sas,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of 
that  state,  and  practices  his  profession  at 
Fort  Smith. 

GRACE,  THOMAS  L.,  bishop,  was  born 
Nov.  16,  1814,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  at 
tained  eminence  in  the  Roman  catholic 
church,  and  for  many  years  was  a  bishop 
of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

GRACE,  WILLIAM  RUSSELL,  mer 
chant,  was  born  May  10,  1832,  in  Ireland. 
In  1881  he  established  the  New  York  and 
Pacific  Steamship  company. 


GRACEY,  JOHN  TALBOT,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1831,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  For  eight  years  he  was  a 
missionary  to  India.  He  is  a  noted  lec 
turer,  the  author  of  several  works,  and  the 
editor  of  The  Missionary  Review  of  the 
World. 

GRADY,  BENJAMIN  F.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  10, 
1831,  in  Dublin  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
elected  professor  of  mathematics  and  nat 
ural  sciences  in  Austin  college.  He  re 
mained  in  Austin  college  till  he  enlisted 
in  a  Texas  confederate  regiment.  He 
located  in  North  Carolina  at  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  was  superintendent  of  public 
schools  of  Dublin  county  from  1881  to 
1888,  and  justice  of  the  peace  from  1879  to 
1890.  He  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  the 
North  Carolina  State  university  from  1873 
to  1890;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sec 
ond  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

GRADY,  HENRY  WOODWARD,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  May  24,  1850,  in  Athens, 
Ga.  In  1880  he  bought  an  interest  in  the 
Atlanta  Constitution,  and  remained  a 
part  owner  and  editor  of  that  paper  until 
his  death.  He  died  Dec.  23,  1889. 

GRADY,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1847,  in  East- 
port,  Maine.  In  1876  he  was  elected  to 
represent  the  seventh  district  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  the  state  senate  from  Phila 
delphia,  and  in  1881  was  elected  United 
States  senator. 

GRADY,  JOHN  E.,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Fla.  He 
has  been  collector  of  customs  for  the  port 
of  Key  West,  and  served  with  distinction 
as  a  member  of  the  Florida  state  senate. 

GRAEBNER,  AUGUSTUS  L.,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1849,  in  Michi 
gan.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergyman,  pro 
fessor  in  the  Theological  seminary  at  St. 
Louis  from  1887,  and  is  the  author  of 
Half  a  Century  of  Sound  Lutheranism  in 
America. 

GRAFF,  FREDERICK,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  Aug.  27,  1775,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  In  1811  he  recommended  Fairmount 
as  the  proper  place  for  the  waterworks  of 
Philadelphia,  and  was  entrusted  with  their 
construction.  For  forty-two  years  he 
was  in  the  service  of  the  city  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  a  monument  to  his  memory  was 
erected  in  the  grounds  at  Fairmount 
waterworks.  He  died  April  13,  1847,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GRAFF,  JOSEPH  V.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  1,  1854,  in  Terre 
Haute,  Ind.  He  moved  to  Illinois;  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  republican 
convention  at  Minneapolis  in  1892.  He 
has  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  ever 
since  his  admission  to  the  bar.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

GRAFFENRIED,  R.  C.  DE,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1859  in  Franklin, 
Tenn.  He  was  elected  county  attorney 
of  Longview,  Texas;  in  1888  was  elector 
on  the  democratic  ticket;  made  the  race 
for  congress  in  1890;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

GRAFTON,  CHARLES  CHAPMAN, 
bishop  of  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.,  was  born 
April  12,  1830,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  intro 
duced  into  America  the  Sisterhood  of  St. 
Margaret,  East  Grinstead,  establishing  the 
community  in  Boston.  He  also  founded 
the  Sisterhood  of  the  Holy  Nativity.  He 
was  consecrated  bishop  of  Fond  du  Lac 
in  the  cathedral  at  Fond  du  Lac  on  April 
25,  1889.  His  writings  comprise:  Voca 
tion,  or  the  Call  of  the  Divine  Master  to 
a  Sister's  Life;  Plain  Suggestions  for  a 
Reverent  Celebration  of  the  Holy  Com 
munion;  and  various  essays,  sermons, 
and  tracts. 


414 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GRAFTON,  EDWARD  C.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Boston.  Mass.  He  was  com 
missioned  lieutenant  in  1855;  lieutenant- 
commander  in  1862;  commander  in  1866; 
and  was  retired  in  1871.  He  died  June  24, 
1876,  in  New  York  city. 

GRAFTON,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  was 
born  June  9,  1757,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He 
accepted  a  call  to  Newton,  Mass.,  and  was 
ordained  as  pastor  of  the  baptist  church 
in  that  place  in  1788.  He  died  Sept.  16, 
1836,  in  Newton,  Mass. 

GRAHAM,  CHARLES  KINNAIRD,  civil 
engineer,  was  born  June  3,  1824,  in  New 
York  city.  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war  he  volunteered  in  the  national  army, 
about  four  hundred  men  in  his  employ  in 
the  navy  yard  following  his  example.  In 
1862  he  was  commissioned  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  died  April  18,  1889,  in  New  York 
city. 

GRAHAM,  CHRISTOPHER  BRIAN,  ed 
ucator,  journalist,  clergyman,  was  born 
May  19,  1850,  in  Charleston,  W.  Va.  He 
was  a  successful  school  teacher  and  a  pros 
perous  merchant;  and  in  1879  became  a 
clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church.  For  six  years  he  was  presiding 
elder  of  the  Charleston  district;  and  there 
published  The  Charleston  Advocate.  He 
has  held  important  offices  in  his  confer 
ence,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Wheel 
ing,  W.  Va. 

GRAHAM,  CURTIS,  author,  was  born 
March  11,  1872,  in  Ormsby,  Nev.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  San  Francisco 
schools  and  the  university  of  California. 
He  has  filled  several  positions  of  trust, 
and  is  attaining  success  as  a  magazine 
writer  and  author. 

GRAHAM,  DAVID,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  8,  1808,  in  London,  England. 
He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  Practice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  York  State;  New  Trials; 
and  Courts  of  Law  and  Equity  in  New 
York  State.  He  died  May  27,  1852,  in  Nice, 
France. 

GRAHAM,  GEORGE,  soldier,  public  of 
ficial,  was  born  about  1772  in  Dumfries, 
Va.  He  was  acting  secretary  of  war  dur 
ing  the  last  two  years  of  President  Madi 
son's  administration.  He  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Washington  branch  of  the 
United  States  bank;  and  in  1823  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  of  the  land  office. 
He  died  in  August,  1830,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

GRAHAM,  GEORGE  REX,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1813,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1846  he  purchased  the 
North  American,  and  in  1847  the  United 
States  Gazette,  which  he  incorporated 
with  the  North  American. 

GRAHAM,  HENRY  HALE,  jurist,  was 
born  July  1,  1731,  in  London,  England. 
In  1789  Delaware  county  in  Pennsylvania 
was  created,  and  he  was  commissioned 
president  judge  of  its  court  of  common 
pleas.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1790,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

GRAHAM,  ISABELLA,  philanthropist, 
was  born  July  29,  1742,  in  Scotland. 
Among  the  more  important  of  the  institu 
tions  established  by  her  are  the  Widows' 
and  Orphans'  Asylum  societies,  the  so 
ciety  for  the  Promotion  of  Industry,  and 
the  first  Sunday  school  for  Ignorant 
adults.  She  died  July  27,  1814,  in  New 
York  city. 

GRAHAM,  JAMES,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  January,  1793,  in  Lin 
coln  county,  N.  C.  He  served  four  years 
in  the  state  legislature;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  North  Carolina 
from  1833  to  1843,  and  from  1845  to  1847. 
He  died  Sept.  25,  1851. 


GRAHAM,  JAMES  H.,  congressman. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

GRAHAM,  JAMES  S.,  soldier,  manu 
facturer,  legislator,  was  born  May  28, 
1836,  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  He  served 
as  a  soldier  in  the  civil  war,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  captain  and  brevetted  major, 
and  in  1896  was  elected  commander  de 
partment  of  the  New  York  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic.  He  served  as  a  member 
of  the  New  York  legislature  for  three 
terms;  and  is  a  successful  manufacturer 
of  machinery  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

GRAHAM,  JOANNA,  author.  Of  the 
Life  and  Letters  of  Mrs.  Graham,  more 
than  50,000  copies  have  been  sold  in  Amer 
ica,  and  many  editions  issued  in  England 
and  Scotland. 

GRAHAM,  JOHN,  diplomat.  He  was  a 
citizen  of  Virginia.  In  1819  he  was  ap 
pointed  minister  plenipotentiary  to  Portu 
gal.  He  also  went  to  Brazil  on  diplomatic 
business;  and  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  1820.  He  died  July  31,  1820. 

GRAHAM,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  1694  in  Scotland.  He  was  the  author 
of  A  Ballad  against  the  Church  of  Eng 
land  in  Connecticut.  He  died  in  Decem 
ber,  1774,  in  Woodbury,  Conn. 

GRAHAM,  JOHN  ANDREW,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  June  10,  1764,  in  South- 
bury,  Conn.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Rut 
land,  Vt. ;  and  the  author  of  Descriptive 
Sketch  of  Present  State  of  Vermont; 
Speeches;  and  Memoirs  of  Home  Tooke. 
He  died  Aug.  29,  1841,  in  New  York  city. 

GRAHAM,  JOHN  HODGES,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  March  9,  1794,  in  Vermont. 
He  entered  the  navy  as  midshipman  in 
1812;  was  promoted  to  be  lieutenant  in 
1817;  and  captain  in  1849.  He  died  March 
15,  1878,  in  Newbury,  N.  H. 

GRAHAM,  JOHN  H.,  soldier,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
April  1,  1835,  in  Ireland.  In  the  fall  of 
1861  he  recruited  company  A,  fifth  regi 
ment  heavy  artillery,  New  York  volun 
teers,  and  served  three  years  as  its  cap 
tain,  and  was  commissioned  as  major 
and  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel.  In  1889 
he  was  selected  by  the  hardware  board  of 
trade  to  represent  their  interests  and  was 
named  as  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
proposed  World's  Columbian  exposition 
to  be  held  in  New  York.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

GRAHAM,  JOHN  LORIMER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  March  20,  1797,  in  Lon 
don,  England.  In  1834  he  was  appointed 
regent  of  the  state  university,  and  from 
1840  till  1844  was  postmaster  of  New 
York  city.  He  died  July  22,  1876,  in 
Flushing,  N.  Y. 

GRAHAM,  LOYAL  M.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1860,  in  Butler 
county,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Stockville,  Neb.;  has  been  county  at 
torney  of  his  county  for  two  terms;  and 
served  with  distinction  as  a  senator  in  the 
Nebraska  state  legislature. 

GRAHAM,  MRS.  MARGARET  COL 
LIER,  author,  was  born  in  1850  in  Iowa. 
She  is  a  California  writer  who  has  pub 
lished  Stories  of  the  Foot-Hills. 

GRAHAM,  NAPOLEON  BONAPARTE, 
soldier,  journalist,  was  born  June  14,  1846, 
in  Benton,  Tenn.  He  served  as  a  soldier 
in  the  federal  army;  and  was  a  candidate 
for  the  Tennessee  legislature.  He  is  the 
editor  and  owner  of  The  Gazette  of  Duck- 
town,  Tenn. 

GRAHAM,  NEIL  F.,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  Feb.  9.  1840,  in  Canada.  He 
served  as  a  surgeon  in  the  army  until  the 
close  of  the  war;  and  was  elected  pro 
fessor  of  surgery  at  Howard  university, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  in  1872. 


GRAHAM,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Aug.  14, 
1822,  in  Liverpool,  England.  He  was  the 
president  and  founder  of  the  Arkansas 
college;  has  been  president  of  the  Ken 
tucky  university;  and  until  1896  was  pres 
ident  of  College  of  the  Bible  of  Lexing 
ton,  Ky. 

GRAHAM,  ROBERT  D..  agriculturist, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  11, 
1855,  in  Canada.  He  has  attained  success 
in  the  practice  of  law  in  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Michigan  state  legislature 
in  1897-98. 

GRAHAM,  SYLVESTER,  vegetarian, 
author,  was  born  in  1794  in  Suffield, 
Conn.  He  was  a  well-known  vegetarian 
and  lecturer  upon  temperance.  He  was 
the  author  of  Lectures  on  the  Science  of 
Human  Life;  Bread  and  Breadmaking; 
and  Philosophy  of  Sacred  History.  He 
died  Sept.  11,  1851,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 

GRAHAM,  WILLIAM,  college  president, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1745,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
He  was  first  president  of  Liberty  Hall 
academy,  afterward  Washington  college 
and  Washington  and  Lee  university.  He 
died  June  8,  1799,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

GRAHAM,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1783.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  which  framed  the  state 
constitution  of  Indiana;  and  served  many 
years  in  both  branches  of  the  state  legis 
lature,  and  was  speaker  in  1820.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1837  to  1839.  He  died  in  1857  near 
Valonia,  Ind. 

GRAHAM,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  5,  1804,  in  Lincoln  county,  N.  C.  He 
served  in  the  state 
legislature  from  1833 
to  1836,  and  also  in 
1839  and  1840.  He 
was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1841 
to  1843.  In  1844  he 
was  elected  governor 
of  the  state,  and  re- 
elected  in  1846.  He 
was  secretary  of  the 
navy  under  Presi 
dent  Filmore;  and 

subsequently  was  nominated  for  the  office 
of  vice-president  on  the  ticket  with  Win- 
field  Scott.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  national  union  convention  of 
1866;  and  subsequently  held  the  position 
of  arbitrator  between  the  states  of  Vir 
ginia  and  Maryland.  He  died  Aug.  11, 
1875,  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y. 

GRAHAM,  WILLIAM  A.,  farmer,  sol 
dier,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1839, 
in  Hillsborough,  N.  C.  He  was  a  soldier 
in  the  civil  war,  and  for  two  terms  was 
a  member  of  the  North  Carolina  state 
senate. 

GRANBERY,  JOHN  COWPJiiR,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1829,  in  Norfolk, 
Va.  He  is  a  bishop  of  the  methodist 
church  south,  who  published  a  Bible  Dic 
tionary. 

GRANGER,  AMOS  PHELPS,  soldier, 
farmer,  merchant,  congressman,  was  born 
in  June,  1789,  in  Suffield,  Conn.  He 
served  as  a  captain  of  militia  at  Sackett's 
Harbor  in  1812;  and  subsequently  be 
came  a  general  of  militia.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 
He  died  Aug.  20,  1866,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

GRANGER,  BRADLEY  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  horn  in  New  York.    He  was 
elected    a   representative    from    Michigan 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


415 


GRANGER,  FRANCIS,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1792,  in  Suffield,  Conn. 
He  was  for  five  years  from  1826  a  member 
of  the  New  York  general  assembly.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1835  to  1837,  and  again 
from  1839  to  1841,  when  he  resigned  to  ac 
cept  from  President  Harrison  the  ap 
pointment  of  postmaster-general.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  peace  convention  of  1861. 
He  died  Aug.  28,  1868,  in  Canandaigua, 
N.  Y. 

GRANGER,  GIDEON,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  July  19,  1767,  in  Suffleld, 
Conn.  In  1793  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  legislature,  and  continued  in  that 
body  several  years.  In  1801  he  was  ap 
pointed  postmaster-general  of  the  United 
States,  and  continued  in  that  office  until 
1814,  when  he  removed  to  the  state  of 
New  York.  In  1819  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate.  He  gave  one  thousand  acres 
of  land  in  aid  of  the  canal.  He  died  Dec. 
21,  1822,  in  Canandaigua,  N.  Y: 

GRANGER,  GORDON,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1821  in  New  York.  During  the  civil 
war  he  became  a  colonel,  and  was  placed 
in  command  of  the  army  of  Kentucky. 
He  died  Jan.  10,  1876,  in  Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 

GRANGER,  MILES  TOBEY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  12, 
1817,  in  New  Marlborough,  Mass.  He  was 
elected  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Con 
necticut;  and  in  1876  was  elected  judge  of 
the  supreme  court,  which  he  held  till  1887, 
when  he  resigned.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Connecticut  house  of  representatives 
in  1857;  and  of  the  senate  in  1866-67.  He 
held  the  office  of  judge  of  the  superior 
court  nineteen  and  a  half  years  consecu 
tively,  and  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

GRANGER,  ROBERT  SEAMAN,  sol 
dier,  was  born  May  24,  1816,  in  Zanesville, 
Ohio.  He  served  in  the  Florida,  Mexican 
and  civil  wars,  and  attained  the  brevet  of 
major-general  in  the  United  States  army. 

GRANNIS,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  cler 
gyman,  reformer,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1847, 
in  Butler  county,  Pa.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  in  company  E,  one  hundred 
and  ninety-third  regiment  Pennsylvania 
volunteer  infantry;  and  is  now  an  active 
member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub 
lic.  Since  1869  he  has  been  a  clergyman 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church;  has 
served  as  presiding  elder;  and  is  now 
filling  a  pastorate  in  Salem,  Ore.  He  has 
always  taken  an  active  part  in  temper 
ance  and  other  reform  movements,  and 
contributes  extensively  to  current  liter 
ature. 

GRANT,  ABRAHAM,  bishop,  was  born 
Aug.  25,  1848,  in  Lake  City,  Fla.  In  1888 
he  was  elected  bishop  of  the  African 
methodist  episcopal  church. 

GRANT,  ABRAHAM  P..  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1837  to  1839. 

GRANT,  AMARIAH  J.,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  was  born  May  23,  1841,  in  Hastings, 
N.  Y.  He  was  the  inventor  of  the  auto- 
^^^^^^^^  matic  bar  locking  de- 
^^s,-  vice,  which  to-day 

i  may  be  found  on 
"•ik  nearly  every  desk 
manufactured.  I  n 
1863  he  enlisted  in 
the  twenty-fourth 
regiment  New  York 
volunteer  cavalry, 
and  was  promoted  to 
sergeant.  In  1876  he 
left  his  trade  of  cab 
inetmaker  for  the 
ministry;  and  has 
since  been  a  successful  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church  in  his  native 
state. 


GRANT,  ASAHEL,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  17,  1807,  in  Marshall,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  physician  who  was  a  mission 
ary  in  Persia;  and  the  author  of  The  Nes- 
torians,  or  the  Lost  Tribes.  He  died 
April  25,  1844,  in  Turkey. 

GRANT,  CHARLES  S.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1845,  in  Hobart, 
N.  Y.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
State  Medical  association;  and  in  1885  he 
erected  at  Saratoga  Springs  a  sanitarium. 

GRANT,  CLEMENT  ROLLINS,  artist, 
was  born  July  10,  1849,  in  Freeport,  Maine. 
His  specialty  is  landscape  and  portrait 
painting.  Among  his  pictures  are  Amy 
Wentworth,  an  illustration  of  Whittier's 
poem,  Marguerita;  and  O  for  the  Touch 
of  a  Vanished  Hand. 

GRANT,  FREDERICK  DENT,'  soldier, 
was  born  May  30,  1850,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
He  is  the  son  of  General  Grant,  and  in 
1873  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  eight  years. 

GRANT,  FREDERICK  ELSWORTH, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1854,  in 
College  Hill,  Ohio.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  schools  of  Rossville.  111.; 
and  has  attained  success  as  an  able  law 
yer  of  Huron,  S.  D.  Since  1890  he  has 
been  commissioner  of  the  United  States 
circuit  court;  and  is  the  present  county 
judge  of  Beadle  county,  at  Huron,  S.  D. 

GRANT,  JAMES  BENTON,  miner,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1848,  in  Russell 
county,  Ala.  He  built  the  first  large 
smelting  works  at  Leadville  in  1878,  under 
the  name  of  J.  B.  Grant  and  Co.;  and 
when  the  fire  in  that  mining  camp  de 
stroyed  the  works,  he  constructed  in  Den 
ver  in  1882,  a  finer  plant  than  the  original 
one,  consolidating  his  business  with  an 
other  company,  under  the  name  of  the 
Omaha  and  Grant  Smelting  Co.  In  1882 
he  was  nominated  for  governor  and  was 
elected  by  an  overwhelming  majority. 

GRANT,  JOHN  T..  railroad  builder, 
state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1813,  near 
Grantville,  Ga.  After  graduating  in  1833 
from  the  state  uni 
versity,  he  became  a 
railroad  builder  in 
Georgia,  Alabama, 
Tennessee,  Mississip 
pi,  Louisiana  and 
Texas.  In  1856  he 
was  elected  state 
senator  from  Walton 
county;  became  col 
onel  on  the  staff  of 
Governor  H  o  w  e  1  i 
Cobb;  and  built  the 
handsomest  r  e  s  i- 
dence  in  Atlanta,  Ga.  He  was  a  lover  of 
art,  music  and  literature;  and  was  both  a 
composer  and  performer  on  flute  and 
violin.  He  died  Jan.  18,  1887,  in  Atlanta, 
Ga.  His  only  son,  Captain  W.  D.  Grant, 
succeeded  his  fatner  in  carrying  on  his 
various  enterprises. 

GRANT,  JULIA  DENT,  wife  of  Presi 
dent  Grant,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1826,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  When  America  called  Grant 
to  the  presidential  chair,  she  stood  with 
dignity  at  his  side,  and  commanded  the 
respect  of  all  who  beheld  her;  and  this 
respect  has  been  enhanced  by  her  con 
tinued  dignity  through  the  trials  and  suf 
ferings  of  Grant's  last  days. 

'GRANT,  LEMUEL  PRATT,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1817,  in 
Frankfort,  Maine.  In  1873  he  became 
president  of  the  Georgia  Pacific  railroad; 
and  in  1883  was  president  of  the  Western 
railroad  of  Alabama. 

GRANT,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1852,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston  well  known 
as  a  litterateur;  from  1893  a  judge  of 


probate  and  insolvency  for  Suffolk  county, 
Mass.  He  has  written  several  satirical 
works,  including  The  Little  Tin  Gods  on 
Wheels;  The  Lambs;  Yankee  Doodle; 
and  the  juvenile  tales,  Jack  Hall;  Jack  in 
the  Bush.  In  fiction  he  has  publisBed 
Confessions  of  a  Frivolous  Girl;  The 
Carletons;  Mrs.  Harold  Stagg;  An  Aver 
age  Man;  The  Knave  of  Hearts;  A  Ro 
mantic  Young  Lady;  Face  to  Face;.  The 
Bachelor's  Christmas,  and  Other  Stories; 
The  Opinions  of  a  Philosopher;  Reflec 
tions  of  a  Married  Man.  Other  works  of 
his  are  The  Art  of  Living;  and  The  Old 
est  School  in  America. 

GRANT,  ULYSSES  SIMPSON,  eight 
eenth  president  of  the  United  States,  was 
born  April  27,  1822,  in  Clermont  county, 
Ohio.  He  graduated 
at  the  Military  acad 
emy  at  West  Point  in 
1843,  and  entered  the 
United  States  regu 
lar  army  as  a  brevet 
second  lieutenant. 
He  was  afterward 
promoted  to  captain, 
and  served  in  the 
Mexican  war  under 
Generals  Scott  and 
Taylor.  He  partici 
pated  in  the  battles 
of  Palo  Alto,  Monterey,  Vera  Cruz  and 
Molino  del  Rey.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
Grant's  company  was  sent  to  Oregon.  In 
1848  he  married  Miss  Julia  T.  Dent.  In 
1854  he  resigned  his  connection  with  the 
army,  and  settled  near  St.  Louis.  In  1859 
he  moved  to  Galena,  111.,  and  engaged  in 
the  leather  trade  until  the  breaking  out 
of  the  rebellion.  He  then  entered  the 
union  army  as  colonel,  and  distinguished 
himself  at  the  battles  of  Fort  Donelson, 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Richmond  and  others. 
He  was  promoted  from  time  to  time,  until 
February,  1864,  when  he  received  the  com 
mission  of  lieutenant-general  from  Presi 
dent  Lincoln's  own  hand,  and  continued 
in  the  field  until  he  received  the  sword 
which  General  Robert  Edward  Lee  sur 
rendered  at  Appomattox  Court  House, 
April  9,  1865.  The  republican  national 
convention  met  at  Chicago  May  21,  1868. 
On  the  first  ballot  Grant  was  unanimously 
nominated  for  president,  with  Schuyler 
Colfax  for  vice-president.  Being  duly 
elected,  they  were  inaugurated  March  4, 
1869.  At  the  republican  national  conven 
tion  held  in  Philadelphia  June  5,  1872, 
President  Grant  was  renominated  by 
acclamation.  Henry  Wilson  was  nomin 
ated  for  vice-president.  Being  elected, 
they  took  the  oath  of  office  March  4,  1873. 
He  completed  his  term  of  eight  years  as 
president  March  4,  1877.  On  May  17  he 
left  Philadelphia  for  a  tour  around  the 
world,  and  landed  in  San  Francisco  Sept. 
20,  1879.  In  the  republican  national  con 
vention  in  1880  his  name  was  presented 
as  a  candidate  for  president,  and  he  re 
ceived  from  302  to  313  votes  during  the 
thirty-six  ballots  taken.  He  removed  to 
New  York  city  in  1881.  Just  previous  to 
his  death  he  wrote  his  memoirs,  which 
were  published  in  two  volumes,  and 
brought  a  large  fortune  to  his  widow. 
He  completed  this  last  work  of  his  life 
but  four  days  before  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  July  23,  1885,  on  Mount  McGregor, 
near  Saratoga,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  author 
of  Report  of  the  Armies  of  the  United 
States;  and  Personal  Memoirs. 

GRANT,  WILLIAM  DANIEL,  capitalist, 
was  born  Aug.  16,  1837,  in  Athens,  Ga.  He 
is  the  largest  owner  of  Atlanta  real  estate 
and  one  of  the  wealthiest  men  of  Georgia. 
GRANTLAND,  SEATON,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1835  to  1839;  and  was  also  a  presi 
dential  elector. 


416 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GRATACAP,  LOUIS  POPE,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1850,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  naturalist  connected 
with  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History  in  New  York  city  who  has  pub 
lished  Philosophy  of  Ritualism,  or  Apol 
ogia  Pro  Ritu. 

GRATKE,  JOHN  EDWARD,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1872,  in  Mil 
waukee,  Wis.  He  is  the  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  The  Budget  of  Astoria,  Ore.; 
and  in  1897  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Oregon  state  legislature. 

GRAVELY,  JOSEPH  J.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  In  1828 
in  Henry  county,  Va.  In  1853  and  1854 
he  was  elected  to  the  Virginia  legislature. 
In  1854  he  moved  to  Missouri,  and  was 
elected  to  the  convention  of  that  state  in 
1860.  In  1862  he  was  elected  to  the  senate 
of  the  state,  and  re-elected  in  1864.  Dur 
ing  a  part  of  the  rebellion  he  was  colonel 
of  the  eighth  regiment  of  Missouri  cav 
alry.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he  turned 
his  attention  to  the  practice  of  law;  and 
in  1866  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  fortieth  congress. 

GRAVES,  ABBOTT  FULLER,  artist, 
was  born  April  15,  1859,  at  Weymouth, 
Mass.  Among  his  well-known  floral 
paintings  are  Chrysanthemum  Show; 
Peonies;  Grandmother's  Window;  and 
his  most  noted  figure  compositions  are 
The  Silent  Partner;  Next  of  Kin;  Saved 
from  the  Wreck;  A  Dawn  of  Hope;  The 
Light  in  the  Window;  and  A  Labor  of 
Love. 

GRAVES,  MRS.  ADELIA  CLEOPATRA, 
educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  March 
17,  1821,  in  Kingsville,  Ohio.  She  gradu 
ated  from  the  Kingsville  academy;  en 
tered  educational  work;  and  for  thirty- 
one  years  filled  the  chair  of  literature  in 
the  Mary  Sharp  college  of  Winchester, 
Tenn.  In  1841  she  was  married  to  Prof. 
Z.  C.  Graves,  president  of  Soule  college, 
and  founder  and  president  of  the  Mary 
Sharp  college.  She  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  books;  has  contributed  extensively 
both  prose  and  verse  to  periodical  litera 
ture;  and  is  one  of  the  most  popular 
writers  of  the  south.  Her  best-known 
works  are:  Life  of  Columbus;  Poems  for 
Children;  Seclusarval,  or  the  Arts  of 
Romanism;  and  Jephtha's  Daughter,  a 
drama. 

GRAVES,  ALEXANDER,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1844, 
in  Mississippi.  He  entered  the  confeder 
ate  army,  serving  throughout  the  war.  In 
1872  he  was  elected,  city  attorney  of  Lex 
ington;  and  in  1874  was  elected  prosecut 
ing  attorney  of  Lafayette  county.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

GRAVES,  ANSON  ROGERS,  clergyman, 
bishop,  was  born  April  13,  1842,  in  Wells, 
Vt.  When  five  years  of  age  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to 
Illinois;  received 
the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the 
common  schools; 
and  subsequently 
graduated  from  the 
Rutland  high  school 
and  Hobart  college. 
In  his  junior  year  he 
took  both  the  White 
and  Cobb  essay 
prizes.  After  gradu 
ating  in  1866  he  stud 
ied  law  and  taught  school;  but  after  two 
years  he  entered  the  General  Theological 
seminary.  After  twelve  years  of  work  as 
a  clergyman  in  the  episcopal  church  In 
parishes  east  and  west,  he  became  rector 
of  the  Gethsemane  church  of  Minneapolis, 
Minn.;  and  in  1890  was  consecrated  mis 


sionary  bishop  of  western  Nebraska.  He 
has  received  the  degrees  of  S.  T.  D.  and 
LL.  D. 

GRAVES,  CHARLES  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  29,  1854,  in  East  Aurora, 
N.  Y.  He  studied  law  with  his  father, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1876.  and 
practiced  law  in  Sparta  until  1879,  then 
he  removed  to  Viroqua.  Since  1894  he 
has  been  county  judge  of  Vernon  county. 
GRAVES,  EDWARD  OZIEL,  public  of 
ficial,  banker,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1843,  in 
Gravesville,  N.  Y.  In  1883-85  he  was  as 
sistant  treasurer  of  the  United  States  at 
Washington,  D.  C.;  and  during  1885-89 
was  chief  of  the  bureau  of  engraving  and 
printing.  He  is  president  of  the  Wash 
ington  National  bank  of  Seattle. 

GRAVES,  FRANK  R.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  March  13,  1852,  in  Shelby 
county,  Texas.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  of  Ellis  coun 
ty,  and  graduated 
from  the  university 
of  Texas.  He  served 
as  a  member  of  the 
twenty-second  and 
twenty-third  legisla 
tures  of  Texas  with 
distinction.  He  was 
a  member  of  the 
democratic  state  ex 
ecutive  committee  of 
Texas;  was  county 
attorney  of  Karnes 
county;  and  is  one  of  the  leading  law 
yers  of  his  native  state. 

GRAVES,  JOHN  CARD,  business  man, 
was  born  Nov.  18,  1839,  in  Herkimer,  N.  Y. 
In  1862  he  graduated  from  the  Hamilton 
college.  He  has  been 
clerk  of  the  superior 
court  of  Buffalo; 
brigadier-general  of 
the  eighth  brigade; 
president  of  the  Mer 
chants'  exchange; 
and  is  now  president 
of  the  Elevator  com 
pany  of  Buffalo,  N. 
Y.  He  organized 
municipal  reform  in 
the  city  of  Buffalo; 
was  president  of  the 
Citizens'  association;  and  president  of 
the  New  York  Siate  Municipal  league.  He 
is  a  director  of  the  Buffalo  Historical  so 
ciety  and  Art  gallery;  and  has  served 
twenty  years  in  the  national  guard  of  the 
state. 

GRAVES,  JAMES  ROBINSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  10,  1820,  in 
Chester,  Vt.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman 
of  Nashville,  prominent  as  a  controver 
sialist;  and  is  the  author  of  The  Great 
Iron  Wheel,  or  Republicanism  Backward; 
The  Little  Iron  Wheel;  The  Intermediate 
State;  Old  Landmarks;  Intercommunion 
of  Churches;  The  Redemptive  Work  of 
Christ;  The  New  Great  Iron  Wheel;  De 
nominational  Sermons;  and  Parables  and 
Prophecies  of  Christ. 

GRAVES,  JAMES  S.,  lawyer,  public  offi 
cial,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1860,  in  Columbia 
City,  Ind.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Kendallville,  Ind.:  has  been  city  treas 
urer;  and  in  1894  was  elected  mayor  for 
a  term  of  four  years. 

GRAVES,  JOHN  TEMPLE,  journalist, 
was  born  Nov.  9,  1856,  in  Willington,  S.  C. 
For  three  years  he  was  editor  of  The 
Rome  Tribune;  and  in  1887  was  chief 
editor  of  the  Atlanta  Journal. 

GRAVES,  NATHAN  FITCH,  financier, 
was  born  Feb.  17,  1813,  in  Oneida  county, 
N.  Y.  In  1852  he  became  the  first  presi 
dent  of  the  Burnet  bank:  and  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Buchtel  college. 


GRAVES,  THOMAS,  naval  officer,  was 
born  June  6,  1605,  in  Ratcliffs,  England. 
As  a  reward  for  his  capture  of  a  Dutch 
privateer  in  the  English  channel,  during 
Cromwell's  protectorate,  he  was  appointed 
to  command  a  ship-of-war  and  made  a 
rear-admiral.  He  died  July  31,  1653,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass. 

GRAVES,  VIRGINIA,  educator,  was 
born  Sept.  11,  1848,  in  Jacksonville,  111. 
In  1869  she  received  the  degree  of  B.  D. 
from  the  Iowa  State  university;  and  from 
the  same  institution  the  degree  of  A.  B. 
in  1870,  and  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1873. 
She  has  attained  eminent  success  in  edu 
cational  work,  and  for  many  years  has 
been  principal  of  the  Washington  high 
school  of  her  native  city. 

GRAVES,  WILLIAM  JORDAN,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1805  in  Newcastle, 
Ky.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
legislature  from  Henry  county  in  1834; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1835  to  1841.  In  1838  he 
engaged  in  a  duel  at  Bladensburg,  Md., 
with  Jonathan  Cilley,  in  which  the  latter 
was  killed.  He  was  again  a  member  of 
the  legislature  in  1843  from  Jefferson 
county;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1848.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1848,  in  Louisville, 
Ky. 

GRAVES,  ZWINGLIUS  CALVIN,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  in  1816 
in  Chester,  Vt.  In  1850  he  was  called  to 
take  charge  of  the  Mary  Sharpe  Female 
college  of  Winchester,  Tenn. 

GRAY,  ALBERT,  manufacturer,  banker, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  22,  1844,  in 
Middletown  Springs,  Vt.  He  is  a  well- 
known  manufacturer  of  horse-power 
thrashing  machines;  and  a  successful 
banker  in  his  native  city.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  a  representative  to  the  Vermont 
state  legislature;  and  in  1886  served  with 
distinction  as  a  state  senator. 

GRAY,  ALBERT  ZAVRISKIE,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  2, 
1840,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  and  educator,  and  war 
den  of  Racine  college,  Wisconsin,  in  1882- 
88.  He  is  the  author  of  Racine  and  Her 
Labor  of  Love;  The  Land  and  the  Life; 
Jesus  Only,  and  Other  Devotional  Poems; 
and  Mexico  as  It  Is.  He  dietf  Feb.  16,  1889, 
in  Chicago,  111. 

GRAY,  ALFRED  G.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1818,  in  Norfolk,  Va.  In  1865  he 
entered  the  service  of  the  Pacific  Mail 
Steamship  company,  by  whom  he  was 
made  commodore  in  1874.  He  died  Nov. 
10,  1876,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

GRAY,  ASA,  educator,  botanist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  18,  1810,  In  Paris,  N.  Y. 
He  was  professor  at  Harvard  university 
in  1842-88,  and  was  in  charge  of  the  bo 
tanical  garden  at  Cambridge.  He  is  the 
author  of  Elements  of  Botany,  now  called 
Structural  and  Systematic  Botany;  How 
Plants  Grow;  A  Free  Examination  of 
Darwin's  Origin  of  bpecies;  Darwiniana; 
Natural  Science  and  Religion;  Manual  of 
the  Botany  of  the  Northern  United  States; 
Synoptical  Flora  of  North  America;  How 
Plants  Behave;  Field,  Forest,  and  Gar 
den  Botany;  Lessons  in  Botany;  School 
and  Field  Book  of  Botany;  Botany  of  the 
United  States  Pacific  Exploring  Expedi 
tion;  and  Scientific  Papers  selected  by  C. 
S.  Sargent.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1888,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

GRAY.  DAVID,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  9,  1836,  in  Edinburg,  Scotland. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  Buffalo,  on  the  ed 
itorial  staff  of  The  Courier  in  1856-82;  and 
was  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems.  He 
died  March  18,  1888,  in  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


417 


GRAY,  EDGAR  HARKNESS,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1815,  in  Bridge 
port,  Vt.  After  the  beginning  of  the 
thirty-ninth  congress  he  was  elected  chap 
lain  of  the  United  States  senate,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  office  four  years.  He  was 
one  of  the  four  clergymen  who  officiated 
at  the  funeral  services  of  President  Lin 
coln  in  Washington. 

GRAY,  EDWARD,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1799  to  1813. 

GRAY,  ELISHA,  electrician,  inventor, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1833,  in  Barnes- 
ville,  Ohio.  He  is  an  electrician  and  in 
ventor  who  has  published  Experimental 
Researches  in  Electric  Harmonic  Tele 
graphy. 

GRAY,  FRANCIS  GALLEY,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1790,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  lawyer  prominent 
as  an  enlightened  patron  of  arts  and  edu 
cation  who  published  a  work  on  Prison 
Discipline.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1856,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

GRAY,  GEORGE,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1725, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  took  an  active  in 
terest  in  the  affairs  of  the  colony,  and 
served  in  the  assembly  as  delegate  from 
Philadelphia  from  1772  until  1775.  He 
died  in  1800  in  Whitby  hall,  near  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

GRAY,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  May  4,  1840,  in  New 
Castle,  Del.  He  was  appointed  attorney- 
general  of  the  state  of  Delaware  in  1879, 
and  reappointed  in  1884.  He  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  to  fill  a 
vacancy  and  took  his  seat  March  19,  1885, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1887  and  in  1893,  his 
term  of  service  expiring  in  1899. 

GRAY,  GEORGE  EDWARD,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1818,  in  Verona, 
N.  Y.  He  has  been  chief  engineer  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  railroad  of  Arizona,  of 
the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  of  New 
Mexico,  and  directed  the  location  and  con 
struction  of  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg 
and  San  Antonio  railroad  from  El  Paso 
to  San  Antonio,  Texas. 

GRAY,  GEORGE  SEAMAN,  business 
man,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1835 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  who,  after  retiring  from  the 
ministry,  engaged  in  business  in  Cincin 
nati.  He  was  the  author  of  Eight  Etudies 
of  the  Lord's  Day.  He  died  in  1885. 

GRAY,  GEORGE  ZABRISKIE,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  July 
14,  1838,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  of  Cambridge,  dean 
of  the  Theological  school,  1876-89,  and 
prominent  among  broad  church  thinkers. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Scripture  Doc 
trine  of  Recognition;  The  Children's  Cru 
sade:  An  Episode  of  the  Thirteenth  Cen 
tury;  Husband  and  Wife;  and  The 
Church's  Certain  Faith.  He  died  Aug.  5, 
1889,  in  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 

GRAY,  GILES  H.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  May  16,  1834,  in  New  York  city. 
He  attended  the  free  college  of  the  city  of 
New  York;  was  one  of  its  first  graduates, 
and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and 
A.  M.  from  that  college.  He  is  a  success 
ful  lawyer,  and  practices  in  all  the  courts 
of  California.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  city  council  of  San  Francisco;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  education  of  that  city, 
and  also  of  Oakland.  He  has  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  California 
state  legislature,  and  has  been  United 
States  surveyor  of  customs  for  the  port  of 
San  Francisco. 

GRAY,  HENRY  PETERS,  artist,  was 
born  June  23,  1819,  in  New  York  city. 
Cleopatra;  Charity;  The  Birth  of  Our 
Flag;  and  Twilight  Musings.  He  died 
Nov.  12,  1877,  in  New  York  city. 

27 


GRAY,  HIRAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  10,  1802,  in 
Salem,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1837  to 
1839;  in  1846  was  judge  of  the  sixth  judi 
cial  district,  and  in  1847  one  of  the  justices 
of  the  supreme  court,  serving  in  that 
capacity  until  1860. 

GRAY,    HORACE,  associate  justice    of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United   States, 
was  born  March  24,  1828,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
Hi'      \\iis      .uTadiliitril 
*rom     Harvard    col 
lege   in  the  class  of 
1845    and    from    the 
Harvard  Law  school 
s~  in  1849.    He  was  ad- 

'-.  mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1851,  and  was  ap- 
^-JJfcl  pointed  reporter  of 
the  supreme  judicial 
court  of  Massachu 
setts  in  1854  and 
held  the  position  un 
til  1861.  He  was  ap 
pointed  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
judicial  court  of  Massachusetts  in  1864, 
and  chief  justice  of  that  court  in  1873; 
and  was  commissioned  an  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States  in  1881. 

GRAY,  ISAAC  PUSEY,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  18, 
1828,  in  Chester  county,  Va.  In  1862  he 
was  appointed  colonel  of  the  fourth  Indi 
ana  cavalry,  and  in  1864  raised  the  one 
hundred  and  forty-seventh  regiment  of 
Indiana  infantry.  In  1868  he  was  elected 
a  state  senator.  In  1876  he  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  of  Indiana;  became 
governor  on  the  death  of  Governor  James 
D.  Williams;  and  in  1884  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Indiana  for  the  term  of  four 
years. 

GRAY,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  25,  1770,  in  Ireland.  He  pub 
lished  Mediatorial  Reign  of  the  Son  of 
God;  Dissertation  on  the  Priesthood  of 
Jesus  Christ  and  Melchisedec,  together 
with  the  Life  of  Christ;  and  sermons.  He 
died  Sept.  20,  1824,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

GRAY,  JAMES  J.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1861,  in  Chicago,  111.  He  received 
a  thorough  education  and  graduated  from 
the  Kent  College  of  Law.  He  has  been 
deputy  probate  clerk  and  circuit  court 
clerk  in  the  city  of  Chicago,  where  he 
has  attained  prominence  as  one  of  its 
leading  lawyers. 

GRAY,  JAMES  M.,  clergyman,  theolog 
ian,  lecturer,  was  born  in  1851,  in  New 
York  city.  For  fifteen  years  he  was  rec 
tor  of  the  First  Reformed  Episcopal 
church  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  occupies  the 
chair  of  lectures  on  the  English  Bible  in 
the  Reformed  Episcopal  seminary  of  Phil 
adelphia.  He  is  also  the  author  of  a 
series  of  lectures  on  How  to  Master  the 
Bible. 

GRAY,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  Jan. 
6,  1764,  in  Fairfax  Courthouse,  Va.  He 
entered  the  continental  army,  and  served 
throughout  the  entire  war.  He  was  re 
puted  to  be  ths  last  survivor  of  the  Ameri 
can  revolution.  He  died  March  29,  1868, 
in  Hiramsburg,  Ohio. 

GRAY,  JOHN  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Southampton  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1820  to  1821  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

GRAY,  JOHN  CHIPMAN,  educator, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1839,  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston, 
and  Royall  professor  of  law  at  Harvard 
university  since  1883.  He  is  the  author  of 
Restraints  on  the  Alienation  of  Property; 
Rule  Against  Perpetuities,  and  Select 
Cases. 


GRAY,  JOHN  F.,  physician,  was  born  in 
September,  1804,  in  Sherbourne,  N.  Y.  He 
was  the  first  physician  in  America  who 
adopted  homeopathy,  or  the  medical  sys 
tem  of  Hahnemann. 

GRAY,  MORRIS,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1856  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a 
Boston  lawyer,  and  the  author  of  A 
Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Communication  by 
Telegraph. 

GRAY,  ROBERT,  discoverer,  was  born 
in  1755  in  Tiverton,  R.  I.  In  1791  he  dis 
covered  the  mouth  of  a  great  river  to 
which  he  gave  the  name  Columbia,  after 
his  own  vessel.  He  died  in  1806  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C. 

GRAY,  SOLOMON  S.,  manufacturer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  in  1820  in  Bowdoinham, 
Maine.  He  devised  Gray  and  Wood's 
planing  machine.  He  was  the  inventor  of 
the  molded  collar. 

GRAY,  TRUMAN,  planter,  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  5,  1854,  in 
Wayne  county,  Miss.  He  received  a 
thorough  education  and  attended  the  Mis 
sissippi  college  at  Clinton.  He  has  been 
county  superintendent  of  public  instruc 
tion,  and  is  now  state  senator  from  the 
second  senatorial  district  of  Mississippi. 
He  is  a  successful  planter  and  merchant 
of  Boyce,  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

GRAY,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  state  sen 
ator,  lieutenant-governor,  was  born  June 
27,  1750,  in  Lynn,  Mass.  He  removed  to 
Boston,  became  a  state  senator,  and  in 
1810  was  elected  lieutenant-governor.  He 
died  Nov.  4,  1825,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GRAY,  WILLIAM  CRANE,  bishop  of 
southern  Florida,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1836, 
in  Lambertville,  N.  J.  He  founded  a 
church  school  for  girls  in  Bolivar,  Tenn. ; 
rebuilt  St.  James's  church  and  built  St. 
Philip's  chapel  for  colored  people. 

GRAYBILL,  WILLIAM  M.,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  June 
25,  1851,  in  Pincastle,  Va.  Since  1890  he 
has  been  president  of  the  Rogersville  Syn- 
odical  college,  Tenn.  He  is  the  author  of 
Charts  of  History  and  Civil  Government. 

GRAYDON,  ALEXANDER,  author,  was 
born  April  10,  1752,  in  Bristol,  Pa.  He 
was  a  citizen  of  Harrisburg  who  published 
Memoirs  of  a  Life  Passed  Chiefly  in  Penn 
sylvania  within  the  last  Sixty  Years,  a 
lively,  entertaining  autobiography.  He 
died  May  2,  1818,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GRAYDON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  4,  1759,  near  Bristol,  Pa. 
He  was  a  lawyer  of  Harrisburg,  and  the 
author  of  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  the 
United  States;  Justice  and  Constable's  As 
sistant;  and  Forms  of  Conveyancing.  He 
died  Oct.  13,  1840,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

GRAYSON,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  Prince  Will 
iam  county,  Va.  He  was  appointed  aide- 
de-camp  to  General  Washington  in  1776; 
colonel  of  a  Virginia  regiment  in  1777, 
and  commissioner  of  the  board  of  war  in 
1780  and  1781.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1784  to  1787; 
member  of  the  Virginia  convention  to 
consider  the  federal  constitution  in  1788, 
and  in  1789  and  1790  was  United  States 
senator  from  Virginia.  He  died  March  12, 
1790,  at  Dumfries,  Va. 

GRAYSON,  WILLIAM,  state  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  in  1786  in  Maryland. 
He  was  a  planter;  served  in  both  branches 
of  the  state  legislature,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  successful  struggle  to  obtain 
a  new  state  constitution  in  1838.  He  was 
governor  of  Maryland  from  1838  to  1841. 
He  died  July  9,  1868,  in  Queen  Anne 
county,  Md. 


418 


HERR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


GRAYSON,  WILLIAM  JOHN,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  10,  1788,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  was 
a  commissioner  in  equity  of  South  Caro 
lina  for  many  years;  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1813;  and  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  1833  to  1837.  He 
was  appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  col 
lector  of  the  customs  of  Charleston,  hold 
ing  the  office  until  1853.  He  subsequently 
devoted  himself  to  planting;  published 
The  Hireling  and  the  Slave;  Chicora,  and 
Other  Poems;  and  was  the  author  of  a 
Life  of  J.  L.  Petigru.  He  died  Oct.  4, 
1863,  in  Newberne,  S.  C. 

GREATON,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born 
March  10,  1741,  in  Roxbury,  Mass.  Dur 
ing  the  siege  of  Boston  he  led  an  expedi 
tion  which  destroyed  the  buildings  on 
Long  Island  in  Boston  harbor.  Congress 
made  him  a  brigadier-general  in  1783.  He 
died  Dec.  16,  1783,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 

GREATOREX,  ELIZABETH  ELEAN 
OR,  artist,  was  born  May  26,  1854,  in  New 
York.  She  has  decorated  china,  and  il 
lustrated  books,  but  now  gives  her  chief 
attention  to  painting.  She  has  exhibited 
at  the  National  academy  The  Bath;  and 
Color  that  Burns  as  if  no  Frost  could 
Tame. 

GREATOREX,  HENRY  WELLINGTON, 
musician,  composer,  was  born  in  1816 
in  England.  For  some  years  he  was  or 
ganist  and  conductor  of  the  choir  at  St. 
Paul's  chapel  of  New  York  city.  He  pub 
lished  a  Collection  of  Psalm  and  Hymn 
Tunes.  Chants,  Anthems,  and  Sentences. 
He  died  in  September,  1858,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C. 

GREATOREX,  KATHLEEN  HONORA, 
artist,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1851,  in  Hobo- 
ken,  N.  J.  Many  of  her  paintings  have 
been  flower-pieces,  and  she  has  exhibited 
The  Last  Bit  of  Autumn;  Goethe's  Foun 
tain,  Frankfort;  panels  with  Thistles  and 
Corn  and  Hollyhocks. 

GREATSINGER,  JACOB  L.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  July,l,  1859,  in  El- 
mira,  N.  Y.  Since  1892  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Duluth  and  Iron  Range  nil- 
road. 

GREELEY,  HORACE,  journalist,  states 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1811,  in 
Amherst,  N.  H.  In  1831  he  obtained  work 
as  a  journeyman 
printer  in  New  York 
city.  In  1834,  in  con 
nection  with  Jonas 
Winchester,  he  start 
ed  the  New  Yorker, 
a  weekly  journal  of 
literature  and  gen 
eral  intelligence,  and 
became  its  editor; 
after  struggling  on 
several  years  the 
journal  was  aban 
doned.  During  its 
existence,  Mr.  Greeley  published  several 
political  campaign  papers,  the  Constitu 
tion,  the  Jeffersonian,  and  the  Log  Cabin. 
In  1841  he  commenced  the  publication  of 
the  New  York  Tribune,  and  in  1848  was 
rliosen  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  thirtieth 
congress.  In  1851  he  visited  Europe,  and 
was  chosen  chairman  of  one  of  the  juries 
at  the  world's  fair;  gave  an  account  of  his 
travels  in  a  series  of  letters  to  the  Trib 
une,  which  were  afterwards  collected  into 
a  volume.  He  also  published  a  collection 
of  his  addresses,  essays,  etc.,  under  the 
title  of  Hints  Toward  Reforms;  and  a 
work  entitled  The  American  Conflict.  In 
1864  he  was  a  presidential  elector;  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  loyalists' 
convention  of  1866,  and  to  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1867.  He  was 
one  of  those  who  gave  bail  for  Jefferson 


Davis  in  May,  1867.  In  1872  he  was  nom 
inated  by  the  conservative  party  for  the 
office  of  president,  but  was  defeated.  His 
most  popular  book  was  Recollections  of  a 
Busy  Life.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1872,  near 
Pleasantville,  N.  Y. 

GREELY,  ADOLPHUS  WASHINGTON, 
explorer,  author,  was  born  March  27,  1844, 
at  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  is  an  arctic 
explorer  in  the  United  States  service.  In 
1887  he  was  appointed  chief  of  the  signal 
service  corps,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general,  and  was  thus  at  the  head  of  the 
weather  bureau  until  its  transfer  to  the 
department  of  agriculture  in  1891.  He  is 
the  author  of  Three  Years  of  Arctic  Ser 
vice;  American  Weather;  Handbook  of 
Arctic  Discoveries;  and  Explorers  and 
Travelers. 

GREEN,  ALEXANDER  LITTLE  PAGE, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  June  6,  1806, 
in  Sevier  county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  meth- 
odist  clergyman  of  Nashville  who  was  the 
author  of  The  Church  in  the  Wilderness. 
He  died  July  15,  1874,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

GREEN,  ASHBEL,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  July  6,  1762, 
in  Hanover,  N.  J.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  president  of  Princeton  college 
in  1812-22.  He  is  the  author  of  Sermons 
from  1790  to  1836;  Sermons  on  the  Assem 
bly's  Catechism;  and  History  of  Pres 
byterian  Missions.  He  died  May  19,  1848, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GREEN,  BARTHOLOMEW,  printer, 
journalist,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1666,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  In  1704  he  issued  the  first 
number  of  the  Boston  News  Letter,  which 
for  fifteen  years  was  the  only  newspaper 
in  the  colonies.  For  about  forty  years 
he  was  printer  for  the  government,  and 
the  foremost  publisher  in  Boston.  He 
died  Dec.  28,  1732,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GREEN,  BERIAH,  reformer,  author,  was 
born  in  1794  in  New  York  state.  He  was 
a  reformer  and  anti-slavery  leader  of 
Ohio  and  New  York.  He  is  the  author  of 
History  of  the  Quakers;  and  Sermons  and 
Discourses.  He  died  May  4,  1874,  in 
Whitestown,  N.  Y. 

GREEN,  BYRAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
served  five  years  in  the  assembly  of  that 
state;  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1843  to  1845;  and  was  subsequently 
judge  of  a  county  court.  He  died  Oct.  18, 
1865,  in  Sodus,  N.  Y. 

GREEN,  CALEB  SMITH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
banker,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1819,  in  Law- 
renceville,  N.  J.  He  gained  a  large  and 
profitable  practice,  and  was  elected  in 
1873  a  judge  of  the  court  of  errors  and 
appeals,  serving  for  eleven  years.  He 
died  Feb.  19,  1891,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

GREEN,  CHARLES,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1814  in  Connecticut.  He  entered 
the  United  States  navy  in  1826,  became 
past  midshipman  in  1832,  lieutenant  in 
1837,  commander  in  1855,  captain  in  1862, 
and  commodore-  in  1867.  He  died  April  7, 
1887,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

GREEN,  CHARLES  GORDON,  journal 
ist,  was  born  July  1,  1804,  in  Boscawen, 
N.  H.  He  was  editor  of  the  Free  Press  of 
Taunton,  Mass.;  the  National  Palladium 
of  Philadelphia  in  1827;  The  Boston 
Statesman  in  1829,  and  was  the  founder 
and  editor  of  the  Boston  Morning  Post. 
He  died  Sept.  27,  1886,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GREEN,  CHARLES  HENRY,  inventor, 
business  man,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1837,  in 
Dayton,  Ohio.  His  hektograph  is  said 
to  be  the  best  invention  ever  used  for 
reproducing  writings  and  facsimile  copies. 
In  1889  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
Washington  City  and  Point  Lookout  Rail 
way  company. 


GREEN,  DUFF,  lawyer,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1791,  in  Kentucky. 
He  was  a  Washington  lawyer  and  journal 
ist,  and  the  author  of  Facts  and  Sugges 
tions;  and  How  to  Pay  off  the  National 
Debt.  He  died  June  10,  1875,  in  Dalton, 
Ga. 

GREEN,  EDWARD  HOWARD,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  public  official,  was  born 
March  1,  1837,  in  Aurora,  Ind.  During 
the  civil  war  he  enlisted  in  company  I, 
sixteenth  regiment  Indiana  volunteers, 
and  was  elected  first  sergeant  of  the  com 
pany.  He  next  entered  the  eleventh  regi 
ment  of  Kentucky  volunteer  cavalry  as 
second  lieutenant,  was  promoted  to  first 
lieutenant,  and  finally  to  captain.  In  1866 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
state  legislature,  and  during  1877-79 
served  as  mayor  of  Aurora,  Ind.  In  1886 
he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of 
his  county,  and  in  1890  was  again  elected 
mayor  of  his  city,  and  again  in  1892.  He 
died  Sept.  7,  1893. 

GREEN,  EDWARD  ROWLAND  ROB 
INSON,  railroad  president,  was  born  Aug. 
22,  1868,  in  London,  England.  Since  1893 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Texas  Mid 
land  railroad. 

GREEN,  ERNEST  SHERMAN,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  April  30,  1866,  in  Wase- 
ca,  Minn.  He  is  the  editor  of  Mexican  and 
South  American  poems;  and  the  author  of 
a  volume  entitled  Poems  of  the  Past,  Pres 
ent  and  Future. 

GREEN,  EZRA,  soldier,  physician,  was 
born  June  17,  1746,  in  Maiden,  Mass.  In 
1775  he  joined  the  continental  army  as 
surgeon.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  New 
Hampshire  constitutional  convention  of 
1820.  He  died  July  25,  1847,  in  Dover, 
N.  H. 

GREEN,  FRANCIS  MATTHEWS,  naval 
officer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1835,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  United  States 
naval  commander,  and  the  author  of  The 
Navigation  of  the  Caribbean  Sea;  Tele 
graphic  Determination  of  Longitudes;  and 
List  of  Geographical  Positions. 

GREEN,  FREDERICK  W.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  removed 
to  Ohio,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1851  to 
1855. 

GREEN,  GEORGE  WALTON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1854  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city  and  the  au 
thor  of  Repudiation. 

GREEN,  HARRY  H.,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  March  13,  1839,  in  England.  In 
1869  he  began  the  study  of  law,  but  on  the 
breaking  otit  of  the 
war  at  that  time  ne 
enlisted  as  a  private 
in  company  I,  second 
regiment  Iowa  vol 
unteer  infantry.  At 
the  battle  of  Corinth 
ne  was  recommend 
ed  for  promotion, 
and  commissioned 
captain  of  his  com 
pany.  Since  1865  he 
has  filled  important 
pastorates  in  the 
methodist  episcopal  church.  He  has  served 
with  distinction  as  a  representative  in  the 
Iowa  state  legislature,  on  the  prohibition 
issue.  He  was  appointed  presiding  elder 
of  the  Dubuque  district  for  six  years,  and 
in  1890  was  re-appointed  presiding  elder 
and  placed  on  the  Decorah  district.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  trus 
tees  of  the  Upper  Iowa  university,  and 
also  of  the  Epworth  seminary.  The  de 
gree  of  doctor  of  divinity  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  the  Iowa  Wesleyan  univer 
sity,  and  also  by  the  university  of  the 
Northwest. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


419 


GREEN,  HENRY  WOODHULL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  20, 
1802,  in  Lawrenceville,  N.  J.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  in  1842,  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  1844,  and  was 
appointed  afterward  chancery  reporter. 
He  was  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  from  1846  till  1860,  when  he  became 
chancellor.  He  died  Dec.  19,  1876,  in  Tren 
ton. 

GREEN,  HORACE,  physician,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1802, 
in  Crittenden,  Rutland  county,  Vt.  He 
was  a  physician  of  New  York  city,  presi 
dent  of  the  New  York  Medical  college  in 
1850-60,  and  the  author  of  Diseases  of  the 
Air  Passages;  Pathology  and  Treatment 
of  Croup;  Surgical  Treatment  of  the 
Polypi  of  the  Larynx;  and  Report  of  a 
Hundred  Cases  of  Pulmonary  Diseases. 
He  died  Nov.  29,  1866,  in  New  York. 

GREEN,  HORTON  BUXTON,  educator, 
clergyman,  composer,  was  born  Oct.  29, 
1852,  in  Johnstown,  Ohio.  In  1853  he 
moved  with  his  par 
ents  to  Carroll  coun 
ty,  111.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the 
- .  J^B  common  schools, 
and  attended  the 
Northern  college  of 
Fulton,  and  subse 
quently  the  Cum- 
nock  School  of  Ora 
tory  of  Evanston, 
111.  For  a  while  he 
was  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work,  and  since  1885  has  been  a 
clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the 
Northwest  Iowa  conference  in  Ashton, 
Inwood,  Rock  Valley  and  Sutherland. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  sacred 
and  popular  songs,  both  of  the  words  and 
music,  which  have  appeared  in  sheet- 
form  and  in  several  standard  collections. 
GREEN,  I.  Li.,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1805  to  1809,  and  again  from  1811  to  1813. 
He  died  in  1841. 

GREEN,  INNIS,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1827  to  1831. 

GREEN,  JACuB,  patriot,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  June  22,  1722,  in  Mai 
den,  Mass.  He  was  sent  to  the  provincial 
congress  in  1775;  and  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  which  drafted  the  state  con 
stitution.  He  died  May  24,  1790,  in  Han 
over,  Mass. 

GREEN,  JACOB,  educator,  scientist, 
author,  was  born  July  26,  1790,  in  Phila- 
«elphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  sci 
entist  who  was  professor  of  chemistry 
in  Jefferson  Medical  college.  He  was  the 
author  of  Chemical  Diagrams;  Chemical 
Philosophy;  Astronomical  Recreations; 
Trilobites;  The  Botany  of  the  United 
States;  Notes  of  a  Traveler;  and  Diseases 
of  the  Skin.  He  died  Feb.  1,  1841,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GREEN,  JAMES  STEPHEN,  lawyer, 
congressman.  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Feb.  28,  1817,  in  Fauquier  county, 
Va.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  congress 
in  1846,  serving  through  two  terms.  In 
1853  President  Pierce  appointed  him 
charge  d'affaires,  and  subsequently  min 
ister  resident,  at  Bogota,  New  Granada. 
He  was  again  elected  a  member  of  con 
gress  in  1856,  but  before  taking  his  seat 
was  chosen  by  the  legislature  to  repre 
sent  the  state  of  Missouri  in  the  senate 
of  the  United  States,  where  he  remained 
until  1861.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1870,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 


GREEN,  JOHN,  physician,  was  born  in 
1784,  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  established 
a  large  practice  in  Worcester,  accumu 
lated  a  valuable  professional  library,  and 
in  1859  presented  7,000  miscellaneous 
works  to  the  city  01  vVorcester  as  a  basis 
for  a  public  library.  He  died  Oct.  17, 
1865,  at  Worcester,  Mass. 

GREEN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  20,  1807,  in  Yan- 
cey  county,  N.  C.  In  1666  he  was  elected 
to  the  Indiana  state  senate.  At  the  ex 
piration  of  his  senatorial  term  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  common  pleas  court. 

GREEN,  JOHN,  surgeon,  was  born 
April  2,  1835,  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He 
became  surgeon  to  the  St.  Louis  eye  and 
ear  infirmary  in  1872.  and  ophthalmic 
surgeon  to  St.  Luke's  hospital  in  1874. 

GREEN,  JOHN  CLEVE,  merchant,  was 
born  April  14,  1800,  in  Lawrenceville,  N. 
J.  He  endowed  Princeton  seminary  with 
the  Helena  professorship  of  history,  built 
one  of  the  professor's  houses,  and  be 
queathed  to  the  institution  $50,000.  He 
also  founded  at  Princeton  the  John  C. 
Green  school  of  science,  and  was  liberal 
in  his  gifts  to  the  university  of  New  York. 
He  died  April  28,  1875,  in  New  York  city. 

GREEN,  JOHN  ORNE,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  14,  1799,  in  Maiden, 
Mass.  From  1868  till  his  death  he  was 
senior  physician  of  St.  John's  hospital. 
He  published  History  of  Smallpox  in 
Lowell;  Memorial  of  John  C.  Dalton;  An 
Address  Before  the  Citizens  of  Lowell  at 
the  Dedication  of  the  Green  School  House; 
Lowell  and  Harvard  College.  He  died 
Dec.  23,  1886,  in  Lowell,  Mass. 

GREEN,  JOHN  ORNE,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  June  7,  1841,  in  Lowell, 
Mass.  In  1869-70  he  was  instructor  in 
aural  surgery  in  Harvard,  and  since  that 
date  has  been  aural  surgeon  in  the  Bos 
ton  city  hospital. 

GREEN,  JOHN  THOMPSON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  18, 
1827,  in  Mechanicsville,  S.  C.  He  fre 
quently  served  in  the  state  legislature  be 
tween  1850  and  1865.  On  the  reconstruc 
tion  of  the  state  government  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  third  judicial  district. 
and  held  office  till  his  death.  He  died 
Jan.  27, 1875,  in  Sumter,  S.  C. 

GREEN,  JOHN  WITHERS,  soldier, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1834, 
in  Darien,  Ga.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war,  and  since  1881  he  has  been  general 
manager  of  the  Georgia  railroad. 

GREEN,  JOSEPH,  loyalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  1706,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Boston  loyalist,  widely  known 
in  his  day  for  his  political  lampoons  and 
his  ready  wit.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Wonderful  Lament  of  Old  Mr.  Tanner; 
and  Poems  and  Satires.  He  died  Dec.  11, 
1780,  in  London,  England. 

GREEN,  JULIA  BOYNTON,  author, 
poet,  was  born  May  25,  1861,  in  South 
Byron,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  Lines  and  Inter 
lines. 

GREEN,  LEWIS  W.,  college  president, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1806,  in  Boyle 
county,  Ky.  From  1848-56  he  served  as 
president  of  Hampden  Sidney  college.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Lec 
tures  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity. 
He  died  May  26,  1863,  in  Kentucky. 

GREEN,  MARTIN  R.,  jurist,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Sept.  2v,  1809,  in  Enfield, 
N.  H.  In  1838  he  was  elected  to  the  In 
diana  state  senate.  In  1848  he  was  again 
elected  a  member  of  the  Indiana  state  sen 
ate  for  a  term  of  three  years. 

GREEN,  MARY  ELIZABETH,  physi 
cian,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  in  1844, 
in  Machias,  N.  Y.  She  was  judge  of  food 


products  at  the  World's  Columbian  ex 
position,  and  is  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  Food  Products  of  the  World. 

GREEN,  NORVIN,  railroad  president, 
state  legislator,  was  born  April  17,  1818, 
at  New  Albany,  Ind.  In  1840  and  after 
ward  he  served  three  terms  in  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature.  He  was  president  of 
the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  and  Lexington 
railroad  in  1869-73. 

GREEN,  ROBERT  STOCKTON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  25, 
1831,  at  Princeton,  N.  J.  He  was  city  at 
torney  of  the  city  of  Elizabeth,  N.  J., 
from  1857  to  1868;  was  surrogate  of 
Union  county  from  1862  to  1867:  and  was 
presiding  judge  of  Union  county  court  of 
common  pleas  from  1868  to  1873.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic  national 
conventions  of  1860  and  1880;  and  in 
1884  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  Jersey  to  the  forty-ninth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

GREEN,  ROBERT  STOCKTON^  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1865, 
in  Elizabeth,  N.  J.  In  1896  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  the  governor  of  New  Jersey 
as  a  member  of  the  state  board  of  as 
sessors.  In  1897  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature. 

GREEN,  RUFUS  SMITH,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  in 
1848,  in  New  York.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
minister,  president  of  Elmira  College  for 
Women  since  1893,  and  the  author  of 
History  of  Morristown,  New  Jersey;  Our 
Church  at  Work;  The  Christian  Steward; 
and  Both  Sides,  or  Jonathan  and  Abso- 
lom. 

GREEN,  SAMUEL  A.,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  16,  1830,  in  Groton, 
Mass.  He  Has  attained  success  as  a.i 
noted  physician  of  Boston;  and  is  the 
author  of  The  Early  Records  of  Groton; 
History  of  Medicine  in  Massachusetts; 
Groton  Historical  Series;  and  other  works. 
GREEN,  SAMUEL  B.,  educator,  horti 
culturist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1859, 
in  Chelsea,  Mass.  After  graduating  from 
the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  college  in 
1879,  he  took  a  special  course  in  horticul 
tural  work.  He  has  been  foreman  in  two 
nurseries;  horticulturist  for  the  Hough- 
ton  Farm  Experiment  Station;  super 
intendent  of  the  horticultural  department 
of  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  college; 
and  for  ten  years  professor  of  horticulture 
in  the  university  of  Minnesota.  He  is  the 
author  of  Amateur  Fruit  Growing;  Vege 
table  Gardening;  and  other  works. 

GREEN,  SAMUEL  SWETT,  librarian, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1837,  in  Wor 
cester,  Mass.  In  1858  he  graduated  from 
the  HiirvaiTl  college; 
and  from  the  divin- 
i;  ity  school  of  Har 
vard  university  in 
1864.  For  several 
years  he  was  teller 
of  the  Worcester 
National  bank:  and 
in  1871  was  chosen 
librarian  of  the  free 
public  library  of 
Worcester,  having 
previously  been  a  di 
rector  of  the  library. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American  Library  association,  and  its 
president  in  1891;  and  was  the  orig 
inal  member  and  first  president  of 
the  council  of  that  association.  He  has 
lectured  at  the  school  of  literary  econ 
omy  of  Columbia  college.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  numerous  historical  societies,  and 
an  officer  in  many  institutions.  He  is  the 
author  of  two  books,  and  has  published 
many  articles  in  magazines  and  news 
papers,  and  delivered  a  great  number  of 
addresses. 


420 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GREEN,  SANFORD  MOON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  30,  1807,  in 
Rensselaer  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Michigan  state  senate  for  two 
years,  receiving  the  election  in  1845.  In 
1848  he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court,  and  performed  the  duties 
of  circuit  judge  for  ten  years.  He  subse 
quently  served  as  circuit  judge  for  nearly 
twenty-five  years.  He  is  the  author  of 
A  Treatise  on  the  Practice  of  the  Circuit 
Courts  of  Michigan;  A  Treatise  on  the 
Practice  of  the  Courts  of  Common  Law 
of  Michigan,  in  two  volumes;  A  Treatise 
on  Townships  and  the  Power  and  Duties 
of  Township  Officers;  and  A  Treatise  on 
the  Nature,  Causes,  Treatment  and  Pre 
vention  of  Crime. 

GREEN,  SETH,  pisciculturist,  author, 
was  born  March  19,  1817,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  noted  pisciculturist,  and 
from  1870  until  his  death  the  superintend 
ent  of  the  New  York  fish  commission. 
He  is  the  author  of  Trout  Culture;  Home 
Fishing  and  Home  Waters;  and  Fish 
Hatching  and  Fish  Catching.  He  died 
Aug.  20,  1888,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

GREEN,  THOMAS,  governor  of  Mary 
land,  was  born  in  England.  He  was  one 
of  the  Roman  catholic  pilgrims  that  ac 
companied  Leonard  Calvert  to  Maryland 
in  Ki:!4;  was  appointed  privy  councillor 
in  1639,  and  governor  in  1B37.  He  died  in 
Maryland. 

GREEN,  THOMAS,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1816,  in  Virginia.  He  joined  the  con 
federate  army  and  was  appointed  major- 
general  for  distinguished  services.  He 
died  April  14,  1864,  in  Blairs  Plantation, 
La. 

GREEN,  THOMAS  ANDRE,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1840,  in  Blair  county. 
Pa.,  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Martha  Green. 
He  received  the  rud 
iments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  excellent 
common  schools  of 
Pennsylvania,  at  an 
academy  at  Butler, 
and  graduated  from 
the  Alleghany  col 
lege,  Pa.  In  1861  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Pennsyl 
vania  at  Pittsburg. 
During  the  civil  war 
he  was  captain  of  company  F,  ninety- 
sixth  Illinois  volunteer  infantry,  and 
served  with  distinction.  He  has  given  his 
whole  life  to  the  study  and  practice  of 
law,  and  has  also  been  a  close  and  earnest 
student  of  belles  lettres.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  standard  work  on  Pleading  and 
Practice,  which  has  received  the  highest 
eulogiums  from  the  most  eminent  lawyers 
and  jurists  in  America.  He  was  attorney 
for  the  people  of  Leadville  in  a  suit  in 
volving  the  title  to  the  entire  townsite, 
the  legal  questions  involved  of  which 
affected  the  titles  to  three  hundred  mill 
ions  worth  of  mining  property.  He  was 
the  attorney  in  one  mining  suit  In  the 
United  States  circuit  court  in  Denver,  in 
volving  an  interest  in  the  Emma  mine, 
valued  at  some  ten  millions,  which  suit 
he  successfully  gained,  and  from  this  suit 
he  realized  a  fee  of  two  million  dollars, 
the  largest  fee  ever  made  by  an  at 
torney  in  the  ilnlted  States.  Dur 
ing  1879-80  Mr.  Green  located  and  pat 
ented  over  one  thousand  acres  of  min 
eral  claims  in  tho  Leadville  mining  dis 
trict,  and  is  still  heavily  interested  there 
in.  He  is  intolerant  of  wrong;  and  al 
though  possessed  of  a  keen,  subtle  and 
Incisive  intellect,  he  always  uses  the  ar 
gument  that  Is  right,  just  and  equitable. 


GREEN,  THOMAS  E.,  clergyman,  bish 
op,  was  born  in  1857,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  fills  a  pastorate  in  the  Grace  episcopal 
church  of  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  and  has 
built  up  the  largest  parish  in  the  state. 
He  was  elected  bishop  of  Iowa  in  1898. 

GREEN,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1801,  in  Warren  county, 
N.  C.  He  removed  to  Texas  early  in  life, 
and  served  as  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  in  the  war  of  Texan  independence. 
He  died  Dec.  13,  1863,  in  Warren  county, 
N.  C. 

GREEN.  THOMAS  R..  soldier,  journal 
ist,  was  born  May  6,  1845,  in  Ireland, 
Ind.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier  during 
the  civil  war  in  company  G,  forty-second 
regiment  Indiana  volunteer  infantry.  He 
was  with  Sherman  from  Chattanooga  to 
Atlanta,  and  from  Fayetteville  to  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.;  and  thence  to  Louisville, 
Ky.  He  also  served  two  years  in  the  In 
diana  state  militia.  He  has  served  as 
postmaster  of  Duff.  Ind.;  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub 
lic;  and  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Ban 
ner  of  Lutesville.  Mo. 

GREEN.  TRAILL.  physician,  chemist, 
educator,  was  born  May  25,  1813,  in  Eas- 
ton.  Pa.  He  was  for  a  year  physician  to 
the  Philadelphia  dispensary,  and  then 
settled  in  Easton,  where  he  has  since 
practiced.  In  1837  he  was  elected  profes 
sor  of  general  and  applied  chemistry  in 
Lafayette. 

GREEN,  WHARTON  JACKSON,  sol 
dier,  agriculturist,  congressman,  was  born 
about  1840,  in  St.  Marks,  Fla.  Upon  the 
breaking  out  of  the  civil  war  he  enlisted 
in  the  confederate  army;  and  was  pro 
moted  to  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
ventions  of  1868  and  1876;  and  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1868.  He  pur 
chased  the  famous  Tokay  Vineyard,  in 
Cumberland  county,  N.  C.,  and  settled 
there.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  North  Carolina  to  the  forty-eighth 
and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

GREEN,  WILLIAM  ALEXANDER,  sol 
dier,  physician,  author,  was  born  Jan.  5. 
1834,  in  Augusta,  Ga.  He  was  the  in 
ventor  of  a  hypodermic  syringe,  the  de 
signer  of  a  hypodermic  syringe-needle, 
and  of  Green's  pocket  cases.  He  is  the 
author  of  papers  on  the  Small-Pox;  Vac 
cination  and  Its  Results;  and  The  Use  of 
the  Hypodermic  Syringe. 

GREEN,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1825,  in 
Groveville,  N.  J.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  and  professor  of  biblical  liter 
ature  at  Princeton  college  from  1851.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Pentateuch  Vindi 
cated:  Grammar  of  the  Hebrew  Lan 
guage:  A  Hebrew  Chrestomathy;  Argu 
ment  of  Job  Unfolded;  Moses  and  the 
Prophets:  Newton  Lectures  for  1885:  The 
Hebrew  Feasts:  The  Higher  Criticism  of 
the  Pentateuch:  and  The  Unity  of  the 
Book  of  Genesis. 

GREEN,  WILLIAM  MERCER,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  May  2,  1798,  in  Wilming 
ton,  Del.  He  was  the  first  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of  Mississippi,  and  the 
author  of  Lives  of  Bishop  Ravenscroft 
;in(]  Bishop  Otey.  He  died  Feb.  13.  1887, 
in  Sewanee,  Tenn. 

GREEN,  WILLIAM  WILKINSON,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1820,  in 
Hindostan.  This  successful  lawyer  has 
i»  >•!>  editor  and  owner  of  the  Daily  Syra- 
(  use  Democrat,  and  of  the  Weekly  Onon- 
daga  Democrat,  and  other  publications. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  work  on  Morals; 
a  prize  essay  on  The  American  Govern 
ment:  and  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems. 


GREEN,  WILLIS,  surveyor,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  the 
Shenandoah  valley,  Va.  He  represented 
Kentucky  county  in  the  legislature  of 
Virginia;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Dan 
ville  convention  in  1785,  and  of  the  first 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1792. 
He  was  a  surveyor  for  locating  land  war 
rants;  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
legislature  in  1836  and  1837;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1839  to  1845. 

GREEN,  WILLIS  DUFF,  physician, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1821,  in  Danville,  Ky. 
He  attended  the  Center  college  of  his  na 
tive  city,  and  graduated  in  medicine  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  Transyl 
vania  university  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  and 
the  Medical  college  of  Ohio.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  physician  of  Mount  Vernon,  111.; 
grand  master  of  the  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows  of  Illinois,  and  a  representa 
tive  to  the  grand  lodge  of  the  United 
States. 

GREENE,  AELLA,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1838,  in  Massachusetts.  He 
is  a  journalist  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  and 
the  author  of  Rhymes  of  Yankee  Land; 
Into  the  Sunshine,  and  Other  Poems; 
Stanza  and  Sequel,  and  Other  Poems; 
John  Peters:  and  Gathered  from  Life. 

GREENE.  ALBERT  COLLINS,  soldier, 
lawyer.  United  States  senator,  born  April 
15,  1791.  in  East  Greenwich,  R.  I.  In  1815 
he  was  elected  to  the  general  assemoly 
of  the  state;  in  1816  was  elected  a  briga 
dier-general  of  militia,  and  subsequently 
became  a  major-general.  From  1822  to 
1825  he  served  again  in  the  legislature  of 
the  state,  and  was  chosen  speaker.  From 
1825  to  1843  he  was  attorney-general  of 
the  state;  and  from  1845  to  1851  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  Rhode  Island. 
He  died  Jan.  8,  1863,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

GREENE,  ALBERT  GORTON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  10, 
1802,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  for 
many  years  president  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Historical  society.  He  will  be  long  re 
membered  by  his  popular  lyric,  Old 
Grimes  is  Dead.  He  published  Canonchet. 
He  died  Jan.  3,  1868,  in  Cleveland,  Onio. 

GREENE,  ASA,  humorist,  author,  was 
born  in  1788,  in  Ashburnham,  Mass.  He 
was  a  bookseller  of  New  York  city  of  note 
among  his  contemporaries  as  a  humorist, 
and  the  author  of  Life  and  Adventures  of 
Dr.  Dodimus  Duckworth;  Perils  of  Pearl 
Street;  A  Yankee  Among  the  Nullifiers; 
A  Glance  at  New  York;  Debtor's  Prison; 
and  Travels  of  Ex-Barber  Fribbleton  in 
America.  He  died  in  1837,  in  New  York 
city. 

GREENE,  CHARLES  EZRA,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1842,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  has  been  a  professor  of 
civil  engineering  in  the  university  of 
Michigan  from  1872,  and  is  the  author  of 
Graphical  Method  for  Analysis  of  Bridge 
Trusses;  Trusses  and  Arches;  and  Notes 
on  Rankine's  Civil  Engineering. 

GREENE,  CHARLES  GORDON,  jour 
nalist,  state  legislator,  was  born  July  1, 
1804,  in  Boscawen,  N.  H.  He  founded,  in 
1831,  the  Boston  Morning  Post,  which  he 
conducted  until  he  sold  it  in  1875.  He 
was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature;  and  naval  officer  of  the  port 
of  Boston  for  two  terms.  He  died  Sept. 
27,  1886,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GREENE,  CHARLES  WARREN,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1840,  in 
Belchertown,  Mass.  He  is  a  Massachu 
setts  physician,  and  the  author  of  Ani 
mals,  their  Homes  and  Habits;  and  Birds, 
their  Homes  and  Habits. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


421 


GREENE,  CHRISTOPHER,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  was  born  May  12,  1737, 
in  Warwick,  R.  I.  He  served  in  the  Rhode 
Island  legislature  in  1772-74,  and  was 
chosen  a  lieutenant  in  the  Kentish  Guards 
in  1774.  In  1775  he  was  appointed  by  the 
legislature  a  major  in  the  army  of  ob 
servation.  He  died  May  13,  1781,  in  West- 
chester  county,  N.  Y. 

GREENE,  CLARA  M.,  artist,  poet,  was 
born  in  Buckfield,  Maine.  She  has  at 
tained  success  as  a  portrait  painter.  In 
1889  she  published  a  volume  of  poems 
entitled  Magdalen  and  Other  Poems. 

GREENE.  UAVID  MAXSON,  educator, 
consulting  engineer,  was  born  July  8, 
1832,  in  Brunswick,  N.  Y.  He  attended 
the  common  schools,  Adams  seminary, 
and  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  institute, 
from  which  latter  institution  he  grad 
uated  in  1851;  and  subsequently  received 
private  instruction  at  West  Point.  He 
has  been  instructor,  professor  and  direct 
or  of  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  insti 
tute;  chairman,  assistant  leveler,  divi 
sion  engineer,  and  deputy  state  engineer 
on  public  works  in  the  state  of  New  York. 
He  has  been  third  assistant,  second  as 
sistant  and  first  assistant  engineer  in  the 
United  States  navy;  and  colonel  of  en 
gineers,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.  He  has  also  served 
as  school  commissioner  of  Troy,  N.  \.; 
and  is  a  director  in  the  Troy  City  Nation 
al  bank,  and  in  the  Citizens'  Steamboat 
company. 

GREENE.  DASCOM.  educator,  was 
born  June  15,  1825,  in  Richmond,  N.  Y. 
In  1855  he  was  professor  of  mathematics 
and  astronomy  in  the  Rensselaer  Poly 
technic  institute;  and  since  1864  has  been 
its  librarian.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  Spherical  Practical  Astronomy. 

GREENE,  EDWARD  LEE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1843,  in  Rhode  Is 
land.  He  is  a  professor  of  botany  in  the 
university  of  California,  and  the  author  of 
Illustrations  of  West  American  Oaks;  and 
Flora  Franciscanse. 

GREENE,  FRANCIS  VINTON,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  June  27,  1850,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  was  a  captain  in  the 
United  States  army  who  resigned  in  1886. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Russian  Army 
and  Its  Campaigns  in  Turkey  in  1877-78; 
Sketches  of  Army  Life  in  Texas;  The  Mis 
sissippi,  a  military  work;  and  Life  of 
General  Greene. 

GREENE,  GEORGE  SEARS,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  May  6,  1801,  in 
Warwick,  R.  I.  In  1836  he  became  a  civil 
engineer,  building  many  railroads  in  the 
states  of  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Is 
land,  New  York,  Maryland,  and  Virginia. 
He  designed  and  built  the  reservoir  in 
Central  Park,  of  New  York  city.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war,  and  in  1865  was  brevetted  major- 
general  of  volunteers. 

GREENE,  GEORGE  SEARS,  civil  engi 
neer,  surveyor,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1837,  in 
Lexington.  Ky.  In  1875  he  was  appointed 
engineer  in  chief  of  the  department  of 
docks.  New  \ork  city,  in  which  capacity 
he  designed  and  executed  river  walls, 
wharves  and  piers  in  difficult  situations. 

GREENE,  GEORGE  W.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  author,  born  July 
4,  1831,  in  Orange  county,  N.  Y.  He  came 
to  the  bar  in  1860;  and  in  1861  was  elect 
ed  judge  of  Orange  county  for  three  years. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

GREENE.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
educator,  author,  was  born  April  8,  1811, 
in  East  Greenwich,  R.  I.  He  was  an  his 
torian  who  was  professor  of  American 
history  at  Cornell  university  from  1872. 


He  was  the  author  of  Historical  Studies; 
The  German  Element  in  the  American 
War  of  Independence;  Short  History  of 
Rhode  Island;  Historical  View  of  the 
American  Revolution;  Life  of  General 
Nathaniel  Greene;  Biographical  Studies; 
and  History  and  Geography  of  the  Middle 
Ages.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1883,  in  East 
Greenwich,  R.  I. 

GREENE,  HOMER,  lawyer,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1853,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  story  writer  of  Honesdale,  Pa., 
and  the  author  of  The  Blind  Brother; 
Burnham  Breaker;  Coal  and  the  Coal 
Mines;  and  The  Riverpark  Rebellion. 

GREENE,  HUGH  WENTWORTH, 
journalist,  state  senator,  was  born  July  5, 
1811,  in  Concord,  N.  H.  During  1857-58  he 
served  in  the  New  Hampshire  senate.  In 
1869  he  moved  to  Minneapolis,  Minn., 
where  he  became  part  owner  and  editorial 
manager  of  a  daily  paper.  He  died  Feb. 
1,  1888,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

GREENE,  MRS.  ISABELLA  CATHER 
INE  (COLTON),  author,  was  born  in  1844 
in  Vermont.  She  is  a  novelist  and  wri 
ter  for  young  people,  long  a  resident  of 
Nashua,  N.  H.,  and  the  author  of  A  New 
England  Conscience;  Adventures  of  an 
Old  Maid;  A  New  England  Idyl;  and  The 
Hobbledehoy. 

GREENE,  JACOB  W.,  surgeon,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1839,  in  Harrison  coun 
ty,  Ind.  Since  1861  he  has  followed  the 
profession  of  a  dental  surgeon,  and  is  now 
located  in  Chillicothe,  Mo.  He  has  writ 
ten  quite  extensively  for  the  periodical 
press;  and  is  the  author  of  a  work  enti 
tled  Philosophies  of  Betsy  Spoon. 

GREENE,  JAMES  L.,  educator,  was 
born  May  18,  1869,  in  Duquoin,  111.  He  is 
a  descendant  of  General  Nathaniel 
Greene.  After  graduating  from  the  Kan 
sas  normal  college  of  Fort  Scott  he  en 
tered  educational  work.  He  was  also  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  work,  and  the  real  es 
tate  business  at  Danville,  111.;  and  for 
the  past  three  years  has  been  in  the  medi 
cal  department  of  the  United  States  army. 

GREENE,  JOSEPH  CHASE,  physician, 
was  born  July  31,  1829,  in  Lincoln,  Vt.  In 
1888  he  left  Buffalo  for  a  tour  of  the 
world,  and  during  his  travels  he  collected 
a  museum  of  more  than  three  hundred 
originals  and  copies,  illustrating  the  po 
litical,  religious  and  social  history  of  an 
cient  Egypt,  Syria  and  other  oriental 
countries. 

GREENE,  MILLEN  SANFORD,  educa 
tor,  business  man,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  23, 
1825,  in  North  Stonington,  Conn.    He  re 
ceived   his  education 
in       the        common 
schools  of  his  native 
county;     engaged   in 
agricultural          pur 
suits;     and    for    six 
years  went  to  sea'  as 
a  sailor.  He  attained 
success      in     educa 
tional    work,    which 
he       followed       for 
twelve     years.        He 
then       entered         a 
counting   room;   and 
since  1869  has  been  engaged  in  the  insur 
ance  and  real  estate  business  in  Westerly, 
R.  I.     Early  in  life  he  developed  a  taste 
for  poetry  and  music;  and  is  the  author  of 
a  series  of  Fireside  Stories  in  verse,  with 
sketches  of  social  chat. 

GREENE,  MOSEb  H.,  poet,  was  born 
March  10,  1843,  in  Chester,  N.  H.  He  has 
been  principally  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits.  He  has  contributed  both  prose 
and  verse  to  the  periodical  press,  and 
some  of  his  poems  have  been  given  a 
place  in  standard  works. 


GREENE,  NATHANIEL,  soldier,  was 
born  May  27,  1742,  in  Warwick,  R.  I.  He 
never  gained  a  decided  victory,  yet  his  re 
treats,  for  which  he 
is  noted,  had  the  ef 
fect  of  successes. 
Congress  voted  him 
the  highest  honors, 
and  he  was  consider 
ed,  next  to  Washing 
ton,  the  greatest 
general  of  the  revo 
lution.  He  died 
June  19,  1786,  near 
Savannah,  Ga.  Con 
gress  voted  that  a 
monument  be  erect 
ed  to  his  memory  in  Washington,  D.  C., 
which  has  not  yet  been  done. 

GREENE,  NATHANIEL,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  May  20,  1797,  in  Boscaw- 
en,  N.  H.  He  was  a  Boston  journalist, 
postmaster  of  Boston  in  1829-40  and  1845- 
49.  He  published  a  translation  of  Sforzo- 
si's  History  of  Italy;  Tales  from  the  Ger 
man;  and  Tales  and  Sketches  from  the 
German,  Italian  and  French.  He  died  Nov. 
29.  1877,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GREENE,  RAY,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Feb.  2,  1765,  in  \Varwick,  R.  I. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Rhode 
Island  from  1797  to  1801,  when  he  re 
signed.  He  died  Jan.  11,  1849,  in  War 
wick,  R.  I. 

GREENE,  ROGER  SHERMAN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1840,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  entered  the  union  army 
for  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant.  He  was  judge 
advocate  of  the  district  of  Vicksburg  at 
the  close  of  1864  and  beginning  of  1865, 
and  judge  advocate  of  the  western  divis 
ion  of  Louisiana  from  1865  until  retire 
ment  from  service.  While  residing  in  Ke- 
nosha,  Wis.,  he  was  appointed  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Washing 
ton  territory,  residing  at  Olympia;  and 
was  twice  reappointed,  holding  the  office 
until  1879,  when  he  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  same  court,  residing  at  Se 
attle,  Washington  territory.  In  1883  he 
was  reappointed  chief  justice. 

GREENE,  SAMUEL  DANA,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1839,  in  Cumber 
land,  Md.  He  received  a  vote  of  thanks 
from  the  legislature  of  Rhode  Island  for 
his  gallant  services  in  the  action  between 
the  Monitor  ana  Merrimac.  He  died  Dec. 
11,  1884,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

GREENE,  SAMUEL  HARRISON,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  Dec.  25,  1845,  in  Enosburgh,  Vt.  Dur 
ing  1894-95  he  was  president  of  the  Co 
lumbian  university. 

GREENE,  SAMUEL  STILLMAN,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  May  3,  1810,  in 
Belchertown,  Mass.  He  was  an  educator 
of  Providence,  professor  at  Brown  univer 
sity  in  1851-83,  and  published  Analysis 
of  the  English  Language;  and  several 
text-booKs  on  English  Grammar.  He  died 
Jan.  24,  1883,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

GREENE,  MRS.  SARAH  PRATT,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1858,  in  Connecticut. 
She  is  a  writer  whose  first  novel,  Cape 
Cod  Folks,  was  widely  popular,  while  the 
fact  that  certain  of  the  dramatis  personae 
were  portraits  of  living  people  gave  rise 
to  much  litigation.  Her  other  works  in 
clude  Towhead  and  Some  Other  Folks; 
Peter  Patrick;  and  Vesty  of  the  Basins. 

GREENE,  THEODORE  PHINNEY, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1809,  in 
Canada.  He  was  appointed  midshipman 
from  Vermont  in  1826;  and  in  1837  be 
came  lieutenant.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  through  the  Mexican  and  civil  wars. 
He  died  Aug.  30,  1887,  in  Jaffrey,  N.  H. 


422 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GREENE,  THOMAS  M.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  congress  from  the 
territory  of  Mississippi  from  1802  to 
1803. 

GREENE.  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  March  16,  1695,  in  Warwick,  R.  I. 
He  became  deputy  governor  of  Rhode  Isl 
and  in  1740,  and  became  governor  in  1743. 
He  died  Feb.  22,  1758,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

GREENE.  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Aug. 
16,  1731,  in  Warwick,  R.  I.  He  was  chier 
justice  of  the  colony,  and  was  governor 
of  the  state  from  1778  to  1786;  also  for 
many  years  speaker  of  the  house;  and  be 
came  governor  of  Rhode  Island.  He  died 
Nov.  29,  1809,  in  Warwick,  R.  I. 

GREENE,  WILLIAM  BATCHELDER, 
soldier,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
April  4.  1819,  in  Haverhill,  Mass.  In 
early  life  he  was  a  member  of  the  noted 
Brook  Farm  community.  He  was  subse 
quently  a  Unitarian  minister,  and  during 
the  civil  war  served  as  colonel  of  a  Mas 
sachusetts  regiment.  He  was  the  author 
of  Remarks  on  the  Science  of  History; 
Theory  of  the  Calculus;  Socialistic,  etc., 
Fragments;  and  Reflections  and  Modern 
Maxims.  He  died  May  30,  1878,  in  Eng 
land. 

GREENE,  WILLIAM  ELLSWORTH, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1836, 
in  Farmington,  Maine.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  Farmington  academy; 
and  in  1863  graduated  from  the  Bowdoin 
college  in  a  classical  course.  During  1865- 
67  he  was  a  member  of  the  California 
state  legislature;  and  during  1867-74  was 
county  judge  and  ex-offlcio  probate  judge 
of  San  Joaquin  county,  Cal.,  when  he  re 
signed.  Since  1880  he  has  been  judge  of 
the  superior  court  in  and  for  Alameda 
county,  having  been  four  times  succes 
sively  elected.  His  present  term  of  of 
fice  does  not  expire  until  January,  1903. 
He  has  been  largely  interested  at  times 
in  mining,  lumbering  and  irrigation,  and 
in  the  breeding  of  fine  stock. 

GREENE,  WILLIAM  HOUSTON,  edu 
cator,  chemist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  30, 
1854.  in  Columbia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Philadel 
phia  chemist,  professor  in  the  Central 
high  school  from  1880,  and  the  author  of 
Medical  Chemistry;  and  Lessons  In 
Chemistry. 

GREENE.  WILLIAM  L.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1849, 
in  Pike  county,  Ind.  In  1892,  without  so 
licitation  on  his  part,  he  was  brought  out 
before  the  legislature  of  the  state  as  a 
candidate  for  United  States  senator.  In 
1895  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  twelfth 
judicial  district  of  Nebraska;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  pop 
ulist,  of  which  party  he  was  one  of  the 
founders. 

GREENER,  RICHARD  THEODORE, 
lawyer,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
30,  1844,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the 
iiuthor  of  Scholar  (June,  1874);  Eulogy 
on  the  Life  and  Services  of  William  Lloyd 
Garrison;  Socrates  as  a  Teacher;  The  In 
tellectual  Position  of  the  Negro;  Free 
Speech  in  Ireland  (October,  1882);  Ben 
jamin  Hanneker,  the  Negro  Astronomer; 
Henry  Highland  Garnet;  and  An  African 
RofiCius. 

GREENHALGE.  FREDERICK  THOM 
AS,  lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  July  19,  1842,  in  Eng 
land.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Ixwell,  Mass.,  and  Harvard  college.  In 
1868-69  he  was  a  member  of  the  com 
mon  council  of  Lowell;  in  1871-73  on  the 
school  committee;  in  1874-84  was  special 
justice  of  the  police  court;  and  in  1880-81 


he  served  with  distinction  as  mayor  of 
Lowell.  In  1884  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
national  republican  convention;  in  1885 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  house 
of  representatives;  and  in  1888  was  a 
member  of  congress.  He  has  been  city 
solicitor  of  Lowell;  was  commissioner  of 
insolvency  of  Middlesex  county  in  1892; 
and  was  elected  governor  of  Massachu 
setts  in  1895.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  during  1863-64  in  the  commissary 
department.  He  died  in  1896. 

GREENHOW.  ROBERT,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  in  1800  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.  He  was  a  surgeon  and  scholar 
whose  latest  years  were  spent  in  Califor 
nia.  He  was  the  author  of  History  of 
Tripoli;  and  History  of  Oregon  and  Cali 
fornia.  He  died  in  1854  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

GREENLEAF,  BENJAMIN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1786,  in  Haver- 
hill,  Mass.  He  was  an  educator  of  Brad 
ford,  Mass..  who  published  a  popular  se 
ries  of  text-books  on  arithmetic  and  the 
higher  mathematics.  He  died  Oct.  29, 
1864,  in  Bradford,  Mass. 

GREENLEAF,  CHARLES  RAVENS- 
CROFT,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  1,  1838,  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  was  deputy  surgeon- 
general  in  the  United  States  army.  He  is 
a  successful  physician  and  surgeon  of 
San  Francisco,  Cal.;  and  the  author  of 
several  technical  medico-military  works. 

GREENLEAF.  EZEKIEL  PRICE,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  May  22,  1790.  in 
Quincy,  Mass.  He  bequeathed  nearly  all 
his  estate,  amounting  to  $500,000,  to  Har 
vard,  with  directions  to  keep  it  apart 
from  other  bequests,  as  the  Greenleaf 
fund.  He  died  Dec.  3,  1886,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

GREENLEAF,  FRANKLIN  LEWIS, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1847,  in 
Boston.  Mass.  He  has  been  a  prominent 
factor  in  developing  the  wheat  industry 
of  the  northwest;  and  was  for  several 
years  president  of  the  Red  River  Valley 
Elevator  company.  In  1889  he  was  elect 
ed  president  of  the  Minneapolis  chamber 
of  commerce. 

GREENLEAF,  HALBERT  STEVENS, 
soldier,  manufacturer,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  12.  1827,  in  Guilford, 
Vt.  He  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace 
in  1856;  and  served  two  years  as  a  captain 
of  state  militia.  In  1861  he  organized  the 
Yale  and  Greenleaf  Lock  company,  of 
which  he  became  business  manager,  in 
1862  he  enlisted  in  the  union  army,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  New  York  to 
the  forty-eighth  and  fifty-second  congress 
es  as  a  democrat. 

GREENLEAF,  JAMES  EDWARD,  sol 
dier,  merchant,  author,  was  born  Aug.  2, 
1832,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He  was  an  or 
ganist  for  twenty-seven  years,  and  a  cap 
tain  in  the  militia.  He  is  the  author  of  A 
Genealogy  of  the  Greenleaf  Family,  with 
Historical  Notes,  of  Newbury,  Mass. 

GREENLEAF,  JEREMIAH,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  7,  1791.  He  was  the  author 
of  Greenleaf's  Grammar,  and  devoted  a 
large  part  of  his  life  to  study,  author 
ship  and  Instruction  in  this  special 
branch  of  education.  He  was  also  the  au 
thor  of  Greenleaf's  Gazetteer  and  Green- 
leaf's  Atlas. 

GREENLEAF,  JONATHAN,  ship  build 
er,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
July,  1723.  In  1774  he  was  unanimously 
chosen  to  represent  the  town  of  Newbury- 
port  in  the  general  court.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  continental  congress  at  the 
commencement  of  the  war.  He  died  May 
24,  1807. 


GREENLEAF,  JONATHAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1785,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  a  presbyte- 
rian  clergyman  of  Brooklyn;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Sketches  and  Ecclesiastical  History 
of  Maine;  History  of  New  York  Church 
es;  and  Genealogy  of  the  Greenleaf  Fam 
ily.  He  died  April  24,  1865,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

GREENLEAF,  MOSES,  author,  was 
born  in  1778,  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He 
was  the  author  of  Statistical  View  of 
Maine;  and  Survey  of  Maine.  He  died 
March  20,  1834,  in  Williamsburg,  Maine. 

GREENLEAF,  SIMON,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1783, 
in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  a  dis 
tinguished  jurist  of  Massachusetts,  and 
professor  of  law  at  Harvard  university 
from  1835  till  his  death.  His  greatest 
work,  A  Treatise  on  the  Laws  of  Evi 
dence,  has  passed  into  fifteen  editions. 
His  other  writings  include  Origin  and 
Principles  of  Freemasonry;  Full  Collec 
tion  of  Cases  Overruled,  etc.;  Reports  of 
Cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Maine, 
1820-31;  and  Examination  of  the  Testi 
mony  of  the  Four  Evangelists  by  the 
Rules  of  Evidence.  He  died  Oct.  6,  1853, 
in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

GREENLY,  WILLIAM  L.,  governor, 
was  born  Sept.  18,  1813,  in  Hamilton,  N. 
Y.  In  1845  he  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Michigan,  and  became  acting 
governor  in  1847. 

GREENMAN,  EDWARD  W.,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  26,  1840,  in  Berlin,  N.  Y.  He  was  su 
pervisor  of  Berlin  in  1866-6o;  was  elected 
clerk  of  Rensselaer  county  in  1868,  serv 
ing  a  full  term  of  three  years;  and  was 
deputy  county  clerk  for  ten  years.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

GREENOUGH,  HENRY,  artist,  ar 
chitect,  author,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1807,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  an  architect  of 
Cambridge  whose  writings  include  the 
novels  Ernest  Carroll;  Apelles  and  his 
Contemporaries;  and  various  essays  on 
art.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1852,  in  Somerville, 
Mass. 

GREENOUGH,  HORATIO,  sculptor,  was 
born  Sept.  6,  1805,  in  Boston,  Mass.  His 
Chanting  Cherubs  was  the  first  group  in 
marble  executed  by  an  American  sculptor. 
He  executed  the  colossal  statue  of  Wash 
ington  in  front  of  the  national  capitol,  for 
which  congress  paid  twenty  thousand  dol 
lars,  and  a  group  entitled  The  Rescue,  on 
the  steps  leading  to  the  rotunda  of  the 
same  building.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1852,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

GREENOUGH,  JAMES  BRADSTREET, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1833,  In 
Maine.  He  was  a  professor  of  Latin  at 
Harvard  university  from  1873,  who  has 
published  with  J.  H.  Allen  a  series 
of  classical  text-books.  Other  works 
of  his  are.  Special  Vocabulary  to  Virgil: 
and  The  Queen  of  Hearts,  a  Dramatic 
Fantasia. 

GREENOUGH,  RICHARD  SALTON- 
STALL,  sculptor,  was  born  April  27,  1819, 
in  Jamaica  Plains,  Mass.  Among  his 
works  are  a  statue  of  Franklin,  placed  in 
the  city  hall  square  of  Boston;  the  Boy 
and  Eagle,  owned  by  the  Boston  ath- 
enseum;  a  Carthagenian  Woman:  Cupid 
on  a  Tortoise;  Elaine;  Circe;  and  a 
Psyche. 

GREENOUGH,  MRS.  SARAH  DANA 
(LORING),  sculptor,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  19,  1827,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She 
was  the  author  of  In  Extremis,  a  Story 
of  a  Broken  I^aw;  Arabesques,  four  sto 
ries  of  the  supernatural;  and  Mary  Mag 
dalene,  and  Other  Poems.  She  died  Aug. 
9.  1885,  in  Austria. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


423 


GREENUP,  CHRISTOPHER,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
in  1750,  in  Virginia.  He  was  governor  of 
Kentucky  from  1804  to  1808.  He  was  a 
patriot  of  the  American  revolution,  and 
participated  in  the  perils  of  the  war.  He 
was  at  various  times  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature  of  Kentucky;  was  a  representa 
tive  of  that  state  in  congress  from  1792 
to  1797;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1809.  He  died  April  24,  1818,  in  Frankfort, 
Ky. 

GREENWALD,  EMANUEL,  clergyman,, 
theologian,  author,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1811, 
near  Frederick,  Md.  He  was  a  lutheran 
clergyman  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Order  of  Family  Prayer;  The 
Lutheran  Reformation;  The  Baptism  of 
Children;  Meditations  for  Passion  Week; 
Romanism  and  the  Reformation;  The 
True  Church;  and  Meditations  for  the 
Closet,  include  the  most  of  his  controver 
sial  and  other  writings.  He  died  Dec.  21, 
1885,  in  Lancaster,  r"a. 

GREENWOOD,  A.  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  11,  1811,  in 
Franklin  county,  Ga.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  legislature  of  the  state  of  Arkansas 
from  1842  to  1845;  was  prosecuting  attor 
ney  for  said  state  from  1845  to  1851;  and 
circuit  judge  from  1851  to  1853.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Arkansas  from  1853  to  1858,  and  in  1859 
was  appointed  commissioner  of  Indian  af 
fairs. 

GREENWOOD,  FRANCIS  WILLIAM 
PITT,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  5, 
1797,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Boston,  pastor  of  King's 
chapel,  in  1824-43,  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  King's  Chapel;  Sermons  to  Chil 
dren;  Sermons  of  Consolation;  Sermons 
on  Various  Subjects;  Essays;  Lives  of  the 
Apostles;  and  Miscellaneous  Writings.  He 
died  Aug.  2,  1843,  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

GREENWOOD,  JAMES  M.,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1836,  near 
Springfield,  111.  He  is  an  educator  and 
school  superintendent  of  Kansas  City 
who  has  published  Principles  of  Educa 
tion  Practically  Applied. 

GREENWOOD,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  6,  1198,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
On  the  formation  of  the  government  of 
New  "iork  city  he  was  elected  city  judge; 
and  in  1842  was  appointed  first  judge  of 
Kings  county  court,  New  York. 

GREENWOOD,  MILES,  manufacturer, 
was  born  March  19,  1807,  in  Jersey  City, 
N.  J.  He  organized  the  first  paid  fire  de 
partment  in  Cincinnati  in  1852,  and  in  the 
same  year  aided  in  introducing  into  that 
.  city  the  first  steam  fire  engine  in  the 
United  States.  He  t-ied  Nov.  6,  1885,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

GREER,  ALLEN  J.,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  June  14.  1854,  in  Mifflin 
county,  Pa.  In  1891-93  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Minnesota  state  legislature;  and 
in  1895  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state 
senate. 

GREER,  DAVID  HUMMELL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  20,  1844,  in 
Wheeling,  W.  Va.  He  is  a  prominent 
episcopal  clergyman  of  New  York  city  of 
broad  church  views,  and  the  author  of 
The  Preacher  and  his  Place;  and  From 
Things  to  God. 

GREER,  JAMES  AUGUSTIN,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1833,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  He  entered  the  navy  as  midship 
man  in  1848,  became  lieutenant  in  1855, 
and  lieutenant-commander  in  18G2.  He 
was  promoted  to  the  grade  of  captain  in 
1876;  and  in  1886  served  as  president  of 
the  examining  board;  and  in  the  same 
year  was  made  commodore. 


GREER,  LEON  C.,  lawyer,  journalist, 
was  born  June  11,  1874,  in  Eufaula,  Ala. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Georgia  and  graduated  from 
the  Gordon  institute  of  Barnesville,  Ga.; 
and  from  the  university  of  Georgia.  He 
has  served  as  solicitor  of  Macon  county 
court;  has  been  a  member  'of  the  con 
gressional  executive  committee  of  the 
third  congressional  district  of  Georgia; 
and  in  1897  became  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Macon  County  Citizen  of  Ogle- 
thorpe,  Ga. 

GREEY,  EDWARD,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  1,  1835,  in  England.  He  was  an  Eng 
lish  writer  of  French  descent  who  came  to 
America  in  1868,  and  was  for  many  years 
a  dealer  in  Japanese  curios  in  New  York 
city.  His  writings  include  the  dramas, 
Vendome;  and  Mirah;  Blue  Jackets, a  nov 
el;  The  Golden  Lotus;  the  juvenile  tales 
Young  Americans  in  Japan;  The  Wonder 
ful  City  of  Tokio;  The  Bear  Worship 
pers  of  Yezo;  and  translations  from 
the  Japanese  of  the  novels,  The  Loyal 
Ronins;  and  The  Captive  of  Love.  He 
died  Oct.  1,  1888,  in  England. 

GREGG,  ALEXANDER,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1819,  in  Society  Hill,  S.  C. 
He  was  the  first  protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Texas,  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  the  Old  Cheraws,  an  Account  of 
the  Indian  Tribes  in  the  Valley  of  the 
Pedee.  He  died  in  1893. 

GREGG,  ANDREW,  educator,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
June  10,  1755,  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  In  1790  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  serving  from  1791  to 
1807;  and  was  a  senator  of  the  United 
States  from  1807  to  1813.  In  1814  he  moved 
to  Bellefonte;  and  in  1816  was  appointed 
secretary  of  state  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
died  May  20,  1835,  at  Bellefonte,  Pa. 

GREGG,  DAVID,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  25,  1846,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the  presbyte- 
rian  churches  in  Iowa,  Massachusetts  and 
New  York.  He  is  the  author  of  From  Sol 
omon  to  the  Captivity;  Studies  in  John; 
Facts  that  Call  for  Faith;  and  The  Hol 
lander  and  Makers  of  America. 

GREGG,  DAVID  L.,  diplomat.  He  was 
a  citizen  of  Illinois;  and  in  1853  was  ap 
pointed  a  commissioner  with  diplomatic 
powers  to  the  Sandwich  islands,  where 
he  remained  until  1858. 

GREGG,  DAVID  McMURTRIE,  soldier, 
was  born  April  10,  1833,  in  Huntingdon. 
Pa.  He  served  in  the  campaign  of  1858- 
60  against  the  Indians;  and  served  with 
distinction  through  the  civil  war,  attain-, 
ing  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  He 
subsequently  was  made  adjutant-general 
of  Pennsylvania  at  Reading. 

GREGG,  JAMES,  soldier,  educator,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  July  4,  1787, 
in  Marion  district,  S.  C.  He  was  elected 
to  the  general  assembly  of  the  state  in 
1822,  and  served  till  1830,  when  he  was 
elected  to  the  senate,  of  which  he  con 
tinued  a  member  until  1847.  He  died  Oct. 
24,  1852. 

GREGG,  JAMES  M.,  farmer,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  26,  1806,  m 
Patrick  county,  Va.  In  1830  he  settled  in 
Hendricks  county,  Ind.  From  1834  to  1837 
he  was  county  surveyor.  He  was  then 
chosen  clerk  of  the  circuit  court,  serving 
until  1845.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

GREGG,  JOHN  IRVIN,  soldier,  was 
born  July  19,  1826,  in  Bellefont,  Pa.  For 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during 
the  war  he  was  brevetted  major-general 
of  volunteers,  and  brigadier-general  Unit 
ed  States  army  at  its  close. 


GREGG,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  March  24,  1841,  in  Pal 
myra,  N.  Y.  In  1869  he  was  one  of  the  or 
ganizers  of  the  Southern  White  Lead  com 
pany  of  Chicago,  of  which  he  was  elected 
president,  holding  that  office  for  twenty 
years. 

GREGORY,  CHARLES  NOBLE,  lawyer, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1851, 
in  Unadilla,  N.  Y.  Since  1894  he  has  been 
professor  of  law  and  associate  dean  of 
the  law  university  of  Wisconsin.  His 
writings  have  appeared  in  Harper's 
Weekly,  The  Youth's  Companion,  New 
York  Evening  Post,  and  Scribner's. 

GREGORY,  DANIEL  SEELEY,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  21,  1832,  in  Carmel,  N.  Y.  He  is  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman,  and  was  presi 
dent  of  Lake  Forest  university,  Illinois, 
in  1878-86.  He  is  the  author  of  Christian 
Ethics;  Why  Four  Gospels;  Practical 
Logic;  The  Tests  of  Philosophic  Systems; 
and  Christ's  Trumpet  Call  to  the  Ministry. 

GREGORY,  DUDLEY  S.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1800,  in 
Reading,  Conn.  He  settled  in  New  Jer 
sey;  and  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1847  to 
1849.  He  died  Dec.  8,  1870,  in  Jersey  City, 
N.  J. 

GREGORY,  ELIOT,  artist,  was  born  Oct. 
13,  1854,  in  New  York  city.  His  pictures 
include  Soubrette;  Coquetterie;  Children, 
for  which  he  received  honorable  mention 
in  Paris;  and  portraits  of  General  George 
W.  Cullum;  his  uncle,  Admiral  Baldwin; 
Mrs.  John  Sherwood;  and  Ada  Renan,  are 
well  known. 

GREGORY,  FRANK  M.,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  21,  1848.  in  Mansfield,  Ohio.  He 
also  followed  water-color  painting,  and 
acquired  some  note  in  etching  and  de 
signing.  Among  his  paintings  are:  The 
Truant;  Waiting  for  Repairs;  and  First 
Snow  of  the  Season. 

GREGORY.  JOHN  M.,  governor,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  governor  of 
Virginia  in  1842  and  1843. 

GREGORY,  JOHN  MILTON,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  July  6,  1822, 
in  Sandlake,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  baptist  clergy 
man  and  educator  of  Michigan  and  Illi 
nois;  and  the  author  of  Handbook  of  His 
tory;  New  Political  Economy;  and  The 
Seven  Laws  of  Teaching. 

GREGORY,  SAMUEL,  educator,  philan 
thropist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  April 
19,  1813,  in  Guilford,  Vt.  In  1848  he  found 
ed  in  Boston  the  New  England  Female 
Medical  college,  said  to  have  been  the  first 
institution  in  the  world  for  the  exclusive 
medical  education  of  women.  He  died 
March  23,  1872,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

GREIG,  JOHN,  lawyer,  banker,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  6.  1779,  in  Scot 
land.  He  became  president  of  the  Onta 
rio  bank,  which  position  he  held  until 
1856.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  and 
corporators  of  the  Ontario  Female  semi 
nary.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  for  the  term  commencing  in 
1841;  and  resigned  at  the  close  of  the  first 
session.  He  died  April  9,  1858,  in  Cauan- 
daigua. 

GREINER.  JOHN,  journalist,  governor, 
was  born  Sept.  14,  1810,  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.  He  was  for  eight  years  librarian  of 
the  state  library,  and  was  a  writer  of 
popular  political  songs,  among  the  most 
noted  of  which  were  those  entitled  Old 
Zip  Coon;  Tippecanoe  and  Tyler  Too;  and 
The  Wagoner  Boy.  In  1849  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  Indian  agent  in  New  Mexico; 
and  afterward  became  governor  of  the 
territory.  In  1865  he  settled  in  Zanesville, 
Ohio,  ana  edited  the  Times  of  that  city. 
He  died  May  13,  1871,  in  Toledo,  Ohio. 


424 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GRENNELL,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
25,  1786,  in  Greenfield,  Mass.  He  was  pros 
ecuting  attorney  for  Franklin  county  from 
1820  to  1828.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  from  1824  to  1827;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1829  to  1839.  He  was,  from 
1838  to  1859,  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  Amherst  college;  and  from 
1849  to  i853  was  probate  judge  for  his 
county.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1877,  hi  Green 
field,  Mass. 

GRESHAM,  WALTER  QUINTON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  March  17. 
1832,  near  Lanesville,  Ind.  He  entered 
the  union  army  in  1861  as  lieutenant- 
colonel;  and  was  brevetted  a  major-gen 
eral.  He  was  financial  agent  of  Indiana 
at  New  York  city  from  18ti7  to  1869,  when 
he  was  appointed  United  States  district 
judge  for  the  district  of  Indiana,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  until  1883,  when  he 
was  appointed  postmaster-general  in  the 
cabinet  of  President  Arthur.  In  1884  he 
was  appointed  United  States  circuit  judge 
for  the  seventh  judicial  circuit. 

GRESS,  GEORGE  VALENTINE,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  April  li;>,  1847,  in  Sul 
livan  county,  N.  1.  He  established  the 
Gress  Lumber  company,  one  of  the  larg 
est  concerns  in  the  south.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Hart  Lumber  company,  and 
of  the  United  States  Bond  and  Mortgage 
company,  at  Finn,  Ga. 

GREY,  BENJAMIN  E.,  state  legislator, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Kentucky.  He  was  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature  of  that  state  from  Logan  county 
in  1838  and  1839;  was  state  senator  from 
1847  to  1851;  and  was  speaker  of  the  sen 
ate  and  acting  lieutenant-governor  in 
1850.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1851  to  1855. 

GREY.  SAMUEL  H.,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  6,  1836,  in  Camden,  N.  J.  The  West 
Jersey  Title  and  Guaranty  company  was 
organized  by  him  in  1888,  and  he  has 
since  been  its  president.  He  also  organ 
ized  in  1873  the  Camden  Safe  Deposit  and 
Trust  company. 

GRIDER.  HENRY,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  16,  1796,  in  Gar- 
rard  county,  Kentucky.  In  1827  and  1831 
he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  Ken 
tucky;  and  in  1833  to  the  state  senate, 
where  he  served  four  years.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1843  to  1847;  and  was  also  elected 
to  the  thirty-seventh  and  thirty-ninth 
congresses.  He  died  Sept.  14,  1866,  in 
\Varren  county,  Ky. 

GRIDLEY,  ALBERT  LEVERETT,  sol 
dier,  clergyman,  cosmologist,  was  born 
Oct.  17,  1839,  in  Caton,  N.  Y.  He  received 
his  education  at  the 
academy  of  Oxford, 
New  York;  Oberlin 
college,  and  the 
Oberlin  Theological 
seminary.  He  served 
I  for  four  years  as  a 
I  union  soldier  during 
"]  the  civil  war.  He 
'  has  attained  success 
as  an  educator  and 
clergyman;  and  is 
now  pastor  of 
the  congregational 
church  of  Kidder,  Mo.  In  1871  he  discover 
ed  a  law  in  cosmology,  which  is  fully  set 
forth  In  The  American  Mathematical 
Monthly  of  July,  1879.  The  contention  is 
that  if  the  solar  system  has  grown  from 
nebula1,  according  to  the  nebular  hypo 
thesis,  then  the  velocities  of  the  interior 
planets  in  their  orbits  Is  the  result  of  the 
velocity  of  the  one  nearest  outside  of  It, 
with  the  velocity  of  contraction. 


GRIDLEY,  CHARLES  V.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Indiana.  He  was  commander 
of  Admiral  Dewey's  flagship,  Olympia,  in 
the  great  battle  of  Manila  bay.  He  died 
in  July,  1898. 

GRIDLEY,  JOHN  THOMAS,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1868,  in  West  Can 
dor,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Cornell  university,  and  in  1892  grad 
uated  from  the  Columbia  college  law 
school.  He  has  attained  success  as  an  able 
lawyer  and  jurist  of  Candor,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  has  filled  many  positions  of  honor  in 
his  county  and  state. 

GRIDLEY,  RICHARD,  soldier,  was  born 
Jan.  3,  1711,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  entered 
the  patriot  army  in  1775  and  was  made 
a  major-general  in  command  of  the  con 
tinental  artillery.  He  died  June  20,  1796, 
in  Stoughton,  Mass. 

GRIER,  JAMES  ALEXANDER,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1846 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  united  presby- 
terian  clergyman  of  Pennsylvania,  pro 
fessor  in  Alleghany  Theological  semina 
ry,  and  the  author  of  Secret  Societies;  and 
Biography  of  Jeremiah  Raiikine  Johnston. 

GRIER,  ROBERT  COOPER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  March  5,  1794,  in  Cum 
berland  county.  Pa.  In  1846  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
moved  to  Philadelphia  in  1848.  He  died 
Sept.  25,  1870,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  . 

GRIERSON.  BENJAMIN  HENRY,  sol 
dier,  merchant,  was  born  July  8,  1826,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  In  1863  he  made  the  cele 
brated  raid  through  Tennessee,  Mississip 
pi,  and  Louisiana;  and  attained  the  brev 
et  of  major-general  in  the  United  States 
army. 

GRIFFIN.  CHARLES  P.,  legislator,  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1842,  in  Henrietta,  Ohio.  In 
1868  he  moved  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  in  1887,  re-elect 
ed  in  1889,  and  again  in  1891. 

GRIFFIN,  CYRUS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1749,  in  Virginia. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature;  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1778  to  1781,  and  in  1787  and  1788. 
and  was  its  president  in  1788.  He  was 
president  of  the  supreme  court  of  admir 
alty;  a  commissioner  in  1789  to  the  Creek 
nation;  and  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  Virginia  from  1789.  He 
died  Dec.  14,  1810,  in  Yorktown,  Va. 

GRIFFIN,  FRANK,  journalist,  lawyer, 
was  born  March  8,  1848,  in  Wisconsin.  He 
is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Daily  Re 
view  and  Weekly  Advocate  of  Maryville, 
Mo.  He  has  waged  an  incessant  warfare 
upon  the  saloons  through  his  publications. 
For  his  persistence  in  fighting  for  prohi 
bition  his  presses  have  been  broken,  dyn 
amite  thrown  into  his  office,  and  himself 
and  family  have  been  shot  at  a  number 
of  times.  But  through  it  all  he  has  waged 
continual  warfare,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
most  prominent  prohibitionists  of  Mis 
souri. 

GRIFFIN,  FRANK  M..  journalist,  was 
born  Aug.  17,  1859,  in  Greenup  Union,  Ky. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  East 
ern  Kentucky  Democrat  of  Greenup,  Ky. 
For  three  years  he  was  postmaster  at 
Enterprise,  Ky.,  and  is  very  prominent  in 
fraternal  orders. 

GRIFFIN,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1778.  in  East  Haddam, 
C'onn.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  Sufferings  of  Our 
Saviour;  Evidences  of  Christianity;  and 
The  Gospel  its  Own  Evidence.  He  died 
May  6,  1860,  in  New  York  city. 

GRIFFIN.  GILDEROY  WELLS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  March  6,  1840, 


iu  Louisville,  Ky.  He  is  a  journalist  who 
has  been  consul  in  Australia  and  else 
where.  He  is  the  author  of  Studies  in 
Literature;  Danish  Days;  Visit  to  Strat 
ford;  New  Zealand,  her  Commerce  and 
Resources;  and  Life  of  George  Prentice. 

GRIFFIN,  ISAAC,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
]813  to  1817. 

GRIFFIN.  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  Indiana;  and  in 
1800  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  United 
States  court  for  that  territory.  In  1806 
he  was  appointed  to  the  same  position  for 
the  territory  of  Michigan,  where  he  re 
mained  for  many  years. 

GRIFFIN,  JOHN  K.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  18;U  to  1841.  He  died 
Aug.  1,  1841,  at  Milton,  S.  C. 

GRIFFIN,  LEVI  T.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  23,  1837,  in 
Clinton,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  United 
States  army,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
major.  He  was  elected  from  the  state  of 
Michigan  to  the  fifty-third  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 

GRIFFIN,  MICHAEL,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  state  senator,  was  oorn 
Sept.  9,  1842,  in  Ireland.  He  enlisted  as 
a  private  in  1861,  in  company  E,  twelfth 
regiment  Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry, 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  ue- 
ing  promoted  to  the  grade  of  second  and 
first  lieutenant.  He  was  state  senator  in 
1880  and  1881;  and  was  elected  in  1894  to 
the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

GRIFFIN,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia,  from  1789  to  1795. 

GRIFFIN,  SAMUEL  P.,  naval  officer, 
navigator,  was  born  in  1826,  in  Savannah, 
Ga.  He  entered  the  service  of  the  Pacific 
Mail  Steamship  company,  commanding, 
as  their  commodore,  successive  steamers 
of  their  fleet  till  1882.  He  was  an  author 
ity  on  ship-building,  and  the  author  of 
the  code  of  international  fog  signals  and 
of  essays  on  ship-building.  He  died  July 
4,  1887,  in  Panama. 

GRIFFIN,  SIMON  GOODELL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  historian,  was  born 
Aug.  9,  1824,  in  Nelson,  N.  H.  For  many 
years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  education 
al  work;  and  for  two 
terms  represented 
his  town  in  the  New- 
Hampshire  state  leg 
islature.  In  1860  he 
practiced  law  in 
Concord ;  and  at 
President  Lincoln's 
first  call  for  troops 
he  volunteered  as  a 
private  and  was 
chosen  captain  of 
company  B,  second  regiment  New  Hamp 
shire  volunteer  infantry.  He  commanded 
his  company  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull 
Run;  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  sixth  regiment  New  Hampshire 
volunteer  infantry,  and  joined  Burnside's 
expedition  to  North  Carolina.  He  was 
rapidly  promoted  to  colonel,  brigadier- 
general  and  brevet  major-general.  After 
the  war  General  Griffin  settled  in  Keene, 
N.  H.,  and  represented  that  town  three 
terms  in  the  state  legislature,  two  of 
which  he  served  as  speaker  of  the  house. 
In  1887-88  he  was  commander  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  commandery  of  the  military 
order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United 
States.  This  eminent  soldier  and  states 
man  is  now  engaged  in  historical  literary 
work. 


HBRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


425 


GRIFFIN,  SOLOMON  BULKLEY,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1852,  in 
Williamstown,  Mass.  He  is  a  journalist 
of  Springfield,  Mass.,  who  has  published 
Mexico  of  To-Day. 

GRIFFIN,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1803  to  1805. 

GRIFFIS,  WILLIAM  ELLIOT,  was 
born  Sept.  17,  1843,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  a  Dutch  reformed  clergyman,  pas 
tor  in  Schenectady  in  1877-86;  in  charge 
of  the  Shawmut  congregational  church  in 
Boston  in  1886-92;  and  subsequently  set 
tled  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  authority  up 
on  Japanese  topics,  and  the  author  of  The 
Mikado's  Empire;  Japanese  Fairy  World; 
Corea:  the  Hermit  Nation;  The  Tokio 
Guide;  The  Yokohama  Guide;  Japan  in 
History,  Folk-Lore,  and  Art;  The  Reli 
gions  of  Japan;  Brave  Little  Holland  and 
What  She  Taught  Us;  The  Lily  Among 
Thorns,  a  biblical  study;  Life  of  Mat 
thew  Calbraith  Perry;  Sir  William  John 
son  and  the  Six  Nations;  Townsend  Har 
ris,  first  American  envoy  in  Japan;  and 
Honda  the  Samurai,  a  Story  of  Modern 
Japan. 

GRIFFITH,  BENJAMIN  MORDECAI, 
physician,  was  born  April  14,  1831,  in 
Shelby  county,  Ky.  He  received  his  ed 
ucation  at  the  common  schools  of  Ken 
tucky  and  Missouri;  and  at  Woods'  acad 
emy  of  Louisiana,  Mo.  This  successful 
physician  of  Springfield,  111.,  has  been 
president  of  the  state  board  of  health  of 
Illinois;  and  was  the  first  president  of 
the  first  state  medical  society. 

GRIFFITH,  DAVID,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1742  in  New  York  city.  At  the 
second  Virginia  convention  of  his  church 
in  May,  1786,  Dr.  Griffith  was  chosen 
bishop.  He  died  Aug.  3,  1789,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

GRIFFITH,  GOLDSBOROUGH  SAP- 
PINGTON,  philanthropist,  was  born  Nov. 

4,  1814,  in  Havre-de-Grace,  Md.     In  1866 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Maryland 
union  commission;  and  contributed  large 
ly  to   the   erection   of   the   Young   Men's 
Christian   association    building    in   Balti 
more. 

GRIFFITH,  GEORGE  BANCROFT,    au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1841,  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.    As  the  editor  and  author 
of     The      Poets      of 
^fjlljj^^^mjjKt    Maine,      and        The 
[    Poets   of    Massachu 
setts,  he  has  become 
well    known.         Mr. 
Griffith    has    written 
extensively    for     the 
leading     newspapers 
and     magazines     of 
America;        and      a 
number  of  his  beau 
tiful      poems      have 
been  incorporated  in 
Poets      of     America 

and  other  standard  works.  George  Ban 
croft  Griffith  is  one  of  the  editors  of  this 
work;  and  has  written  succinct  biogra 
phies  of  many  prominent  men  of  the  New 
England  states. 

GRIFFITH,  HARRISON  P.,  educator, 
was  born  Feb.  25,  1837,  in  Laurens  county, 

5.  C.    In  1881  he  was  elected  principal  of 
Cooper-Limestone   Female   institute.     He 
is  an  able  educator,  and  has  done  much 
toward   building   up   the  fortunes   of  the 
south. 

GRIFFITH,  JOHN  E.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1864,  in  Delaware 
county,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the 
Cincinnati  law  school  in  1890;  and  in  1895 
he  was  elected  to  the  seventy-second 
Ohio  general  assembly. 


GRIFFITH,  MARY  LOUISA  KNOWL- 
TON,  the  wife  of  the  late  Edwin  H. 
Griffith,  a  successful  banker  of  Castleton- 
on-Hudson,  N.  Y.,  was  born  March  26, 
1833,  in  Greenbush,  N.  Y.  She  received 
her  education  at  the  East  Greenbush  and 
Nassau  academies,  and  at  Tylers  insti 
tute  of  Pittsfield,  Mass.  She  has  always 
taken  the  keenest  interest  in  the  annals 
of  history,  and  is  the  author  of  several 
genealogical  works. 

GRIFFITH,  ROBERT  EGLESFIELD, 
educator,  physician,  botanist,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  13,  1798,  in  Philadelphia.  He 
was  a  physician  and  botanist  who  was 
from  1838  a  medical  professor  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia.  He  was  the  author  of 
Medical  Botany;  and  Universal  Formu 
lary.  He  died  June  26,  1850,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

GRIFFITH,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1816,  in  Brit 
ain.  He  was  elected  a  representative  to 
the  forty-second  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania. 

GRIFFITH,  SAMUEL  NEWELL,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  was  born  May  12,  1833, 
in  Pike,  Wyoming  county,  N.  Y.  He  was 
educated  at  the 
Lawrence  university 
of  Appleton,  Wis., 
from  which  institu 
tion  he  graduated  in 
1861;  and  from  that 
time  until  1864  he 
filled  the  chair  of 
mathematics  in  his 
alma  mater.  He 
then  attended  the 
Garrett  Biblical  in 
stitute  of  Evanston, 
111.;  graduated  in 
1867,  and  has  since  attained  success  as  an 
eminent  clergyman  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church.  During  1867-70  he  preached 
in  Chicago  and  vicinity;  and  in  1870-/2 
was  principal  in  the  Mosley  school  of  that 
city.  In  1872-75  he  served  as  pastor  of 
the  Kalamazoo  methodist  episcopal 
church;  and  during  1875-88  filled  pastor 
ates  in  Summerfield,  Milwaukee,  Fond  du 
Lac,  Racine,  Appleton  and  Stevens  Point. 
From  1883-92  he  filled  pastorates  in 
North  Dakota;  and  in  1892-97  in  western 
Wisconsin.  In  1891  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  second  ecumenical  methodist  con 
ference,  held  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

GRIFFITH,  WILLIAM,  jurist.  He  was 
one  of  the  earliest  judges  of  the  United 
States  circuit  court;  and  in  1801  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Jefferson  to  the 
third  circuit. 

GRIFFITH,  WILLIAM  HERRICK,  bus- 
isness  man,  genealogist,  was  born  Jan.  27, 
1866,  in  Castleton-on-Hudson,  N.  Y.  He 
is  the  only  surviving 
son  of  the  late  Ed 
win  H.  Griffith,  a 
successful  banker, 
and  Mary  Louisa 
Knowlton,  a  noted 
author.  He  attend 
ed  the  Albany  Mili 
tary  academy  and 
Yale  college;  after 
ward  he  traveled  in 
Europe  and  acted  as 
foreign  correspond 
ent  for  the  New 
York  Home  Journal,  the  Albany  Argus, 
and  other  newspapers.  For  five  years  he 
was  connected  with  the  First  National 
bank  of  Albany,  and  since  1893  has  been 
engaged  in  the  fire  insurance  business. 
He  is  greatly  interested  in  genealogy,  and 
is  a  member  of  a  dozen  different  patriotic 
orders  and  historical  and  art  societies, 
and  has  filled  various  offices  of  honor  in 
many  of  them. 


GRIFFITHS,  JOHN  WILLIS,  naval 
architect,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1809, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  naval  archi 
tect  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of 
Treatise  on  Marine  and  Naval  Architec 
ture,  a  work  of  great  value;  The  Ship 
Builders'  Manual;  and  The  Progressive 
Ship  Builder.  He  died  April  29,  1882,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

GRIFFITTS.  JOHN  P.,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  in  1857,  in  Unitia, 
Tenn.  He  attended  the  Grant  university, 
from  which  institution  he  received  the 
degrees  of  B.  S.,  B.  Lit.,  and  M.  S.  In 
1886  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  During 
1888-89  he  filled  the  chair  of  mathematics 
in  the  London  college,  Tenn.  In  1892  he 
was  licentiate  of  instruction,  university  of 
Tennessee;  and  in  1893  received  the  de 
gree  of  D.  Sc.  from  the  National  univer 
sity  ot  Chicago.  During  1893-95  he  was 
professor  of  natural  science  in  the  Ewing 
and  Jefferson  college;  and  since  1895  has 
been  president  of  Roane  college  of  Wheat, 
Tenn.  In  1897  he  was  given  the  degree 
of  Ph.  D.  by  the  American  Temperance 
university  of  Hamman,  Tenn. 

GRIFFITTS,  SAMUEL  POWELL,  phy 
sician,  was  born  July  21,  1759,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  founded  the  Philadelphia 
dispensary  in  1786,  and  was  its  physician 
for  seven  years.  He  died  May  12,  1826,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GRIGG,  JOHN,  publisher,  banker,  was 
born  in  1792,  in  England.  He  entered  a 
publishing  house  in  Philadelphia  in  1816, 
and  in  1823  began  business  on  his  own 
account,  and  was  very  successful.  He  re 
tired  in  1850,  with  a  large  fortune,  and 
afterward  became  a  private  banker.  He 
died  Aug.  2,  1864,  in  Philadelphia. 

GRIGGS,  CHAUNCEY  WRIGHT,  mer 
chant,  lumberman,  banker,  was  born  Dec. 
31,  1832,  in  Tolland,  Conn.  He  remained 
in  Minnesota  for  thirty  years,  prosperous 
ly  engaged  in  business,  except  while  at 
the  front  during  the  civil  war,  where  he 
won  the  rank  of  colonel.  In  1887  he  re 
moved  to  Tacoma,  and  took  charge,  as 
president,  of  the  St.  Paul  and  Tacoma 
Lumber  Co. 

GRIGGS,  CLARK  ROBINSON,  railroad 
president,  legislator,  was  born  March  6, 
1824,  in  North  Adams,  Mass.  He  helped 
to  organize  several  railroads;  and  was 
for  three  years  president  of  the  Indianap 
olis,  Bloomington  and  Western  railroad 
company.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  legislature  in  1857-58,  and  in 
1867-68  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  leg 
islature. 

GRIGGS,  GEORGE  KING,  soldier,  rail 
road  manager,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1839,  in 
Henry  county,  Va.  He  served  through 
the  civil  war  and  received  the  rank  of  col 
onel.  In  1891  he  was  appointed  general 
superintendent,  treasurer  and  paymaster 
of  the  Danville  and  West  Railroad  com 
pany  of  Danville,  Va. 

GRIGGS,  JAMES  M.,  journalist,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  March  29, 
1861,  in  Lagrange,  Ga.  He  moved  to 
Dawson  in  1885;  was  elected  solicitor- 
general  of  the  Pataula  judicial  circuit  in 
1888,  and  was  re-elected  in  1892.  He  was. 
appointed  judge  of  the  same  circuit,  and 
was  twice  re-elected  without  opposition. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

GRIGGS,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  July 
10,  1849,  in  Newton,  N.  J.  In  1879  he  be 
gan  the  practice  of  law  in  Paterson,  N.  J. 
In  1875  he  was  elected  to  the  state  as 
sembly,  and  was  re-elected  to  a  second 
term.  In  1882  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate,  and  was  re-elected  in  1884.  In 
1896  he  was  elected  governor  of  New  Jer 
sey. 


426 


HERRUN-GSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPKDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GRIGGS,  NATHAN  K.,  lawyer,  poet, 
He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ne 
braska;  and  attorney  for  several  of  the 
leading  railroads  of 
the  west.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  number 
of  meritorious  po 
ems,  which  have  ap 
peared  in  Poets  of 
America  and  other 
standard  collections. 
He  is  also  a  hymn 
writer  of  national 
reputation;  and  a 
collection  of  his 
hymns  were  pub 
lished  in  1892;  and 
his  compositions  constantly  appear  in 
standard  musical  publications. 

GRIGGS,  SAMUEL  CHAPMAN,  pub 
lisher,  was  born  July  20,  1819,  in  Tolland. 
Conn.  He  began  business  as  a  book  seller 
in  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  but  in  1848  moved  to 
Chicago,  where  he  continued  in  the  same 
calling,  and  in  a  few  years  was  at  the 
head  of  the  largest  book  selling  business 
in  the  northwest. 

GKIGSBY,  HUGH  BLAIR,  historical 
scholar,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1806,  in  Nor 
folk,  Va.  He  represented  Norfolk  in  the 
legislature  when  scarcely  more  than  a 
boy;  and  in  1829-30  was  a  member  of  the 
state  convention  with  Thomas  Jefferson, 
James  Madison,  and  other  noted  men. 
ne  was  president  of  the  Virginia  Histor 
ical  society,  and  became  in  1871  chancellor 
of  William  and  Mary  college.  He  died 
April  28,  1881,  in  Charlotte  county,  Va. 

GRIGSBY,  MELVIN,  lawyer,  banker, 
legislator,  was  born  June  8,  1845,  in  Po- 
tosi.  Wis.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  he 
enlisted  in  company  C,  second  regiment 
Wisconsin  cavalry.  He  has  written  a  work 
of  his  prison  life  and  escape.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  city  council  of  Sioux 
Ka.ls,  and  is  a  succesful  bank  president. 
He  has  served  with  distinction  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  South  Dakota  state  legislature, 
and  has  been  attorney-general  for  the 
state  of  South  Dakota.  . 

GRIM,    WILLIAM    H.,    orator,    clergy 
man,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1830,  in  Coshocton 
county,  Ohio.     He  received  his  education 
^^^^^^^         at    the    Asbury    uni- 
,     '  "**^  versity,    now    called 

the  De  Pauw  univer- 
f  I          !     sity;    which   institu- 

jjgi  *  I    1 1  o  n     subsequently 

I  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  D.  D. 
In  1855  he  entered 
the  Indiana  confer 
ence  of  the  metho- 
dist  episcopal 
church;  was  presid 
ing  elder  on  the 
Rockport  district 
during  1880-84;  and  on  the  Evansville  dis 
trict  during  1887-93.  He  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  ablest  pulpit  orators  of  his 
conference;  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in 
Sullivan,  Ind. 

GRIMES,  BRYAN,  soldier,  was  born 
Nov.  2,  1828,  ,n  Pile  county,  N.  C.  He  en 
tered  the  confederate  army  in  1861  as  ma 
jor  of  the  fourth  North  Carolina  regi 
ment.  He  served  througnout  the  war,  and 
attained  the  rank  of  senior  major-general. 
He  died  Aug.  14,  1880.  near  Bear  Creek, 
N.  C. 

GRIMES,  EDWARD  B.,  poet.  He  is  a 
successful  journalist  of  Dayton,  Ohio; 
and  the  author  of  a  volume  of  Poems. 

GRIMES,  JAMES  KINGSLEY,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  was  born  July  4,  1852, 
in  Belmont  county.  Ohio.  In  1873  he 
graduated  in  the  classical  course  from  the 


Mount  Union  college;  has  received  the 
degrees  of  A.  M.  and  D.  D.;  and  for  sev 
eral  years  was  a  teacher  in  the  public 
schools.  He  has  attained  distinction  as 
a  successful  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church;  and  he  has  filled  a 
number  of  prominent  pastorates  in  the 
East  Ohio  conference.  During  his  pastor 
ate  at  Alliance,  Ohio,  the  beautiful  new 
church  known  as  the  Union  Avenue  meth 
odist  church  was  erected  at  a  cost  of 
twenty-five  thousand  dollars. 

GRIMES.  JAMES  WILSON,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  20, 
1816,  in  Deering,  N.  H.  In  1838  he  was 
elected  to  the  general  assembly  of  the  ter 
ritory  of  Iowa,  to  which  he  was  irequent- 
ly  re-elected.  He  was  governor  of  the 
state  of  Iowa  from  1854  to  1858;  and  in 
1859  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
from  that  state  for  six  years.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  peace  congress  of  1861; 
was  re-elected  to  the  senate  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1865,  and  ending  in  1871. 
He  died  Feb.  7,  1872,  in  Burlington,  Iowa. 

GRIMES,  THOMAS  WINGFIELD,  sol 
dier,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Georgia.  He  served  as  a  private  in  the 
confederate  army  during  the  last  eighteen 
months  of  the  war.  rie  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  in  1868-69,  and  re-elected 
in  1875-76.  He  served  as  state  senator  in 
1878-79.  In  1880  he  was  elected  solicitor- 
general  of  the  Chattahoochee  circuit  for 
a  term  of  four  years;  and  was  re-elected 
without  opposition  in  1884.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

GRIMKri,  ANGELINA  EMILY,  reform 
er,  author,  was  oorn  Feb.  2u,  1805,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  She  has  spent  her  life 
in  educational  and  reformatory  work; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Let 
ters  to  Catherine  E.  Beecher. 

GRIMKE,  ARCHIBALD  HENRY,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  South  Carolina. 
He  is  the  author  of  Eulogy  on  Wendell 
Phillips;  Charles  Sumner,  the  Scholar  in 
Politics;  and  William  Lloyd  Garrison,  the 
Abolitionist. 

GRIMKE,  FREDERICK,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1791,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  was  an  Ohio  jurist,  and 
the  author  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Liter 
ature;  and  Nature  and  Tendencies  of  Free 
Institutions.  He  died  March  8,  1863,  in 
Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

GRIMKE.  JOHN  FAUCrtERAUD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1752, 
in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  jurist  of 
South  Carolina,  and  the  author  of  Revised 
Edition  of  Laws  of  South  Carolina;  Law 
of  Executors  of  South  Carolina;  Public 
Law  of  South  Carolina;  Probate  Direc 
tory;  and  Duty  01  Justices  of  the  Peace. 
He  died  Aug.  9,  1819,  in  Long  Branch. 
N.  J. 

GRIMKE,  SARAH  MOORE,  reformer, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1792,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  She  was  a  reformer  who  was 
very  prominent  in  the  anti-slavery  move 
ment,  and  the  author  of  Epistle  to  tne 
Clergy  of  the  Southern  States;  and  Let 
ters  on  the  Condition  of  Women.  She 
died  Dec.  23,  1873,  in  Hyde  Park,  N.  Y. 

GRIMKE,  THOMAS  SMITH,  reformer, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1786,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  reformer  of 
Charleston,  active  in  temperance  and  in 
the  promotion  of  peace  societies,  who 
published  Addresses  on  Science,  Educa 
tion,  and  Literature.  He  died  Oct.  11, 
1834,  near  Columbus,  Ohio. 

GRIMSHAW,  ROBERT,  civil  engineer, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  in  1850,  in 


Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  civil  engineer,  lec 
turer  on  physics  at  the  Franklin  institute 
of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  His 
tory,  etc.,  of  Saws;  Saw  Filing;  Steam 
Engine  Catechism;  Pump  Catechism; 
Steam  Boiler  Catechism;  Record  of  Sci 
entific  Progress;  Hints  to  Power  Users; 
and  Fifty  Years  Hence. 

GRIMSHAW,  WILLIAM,  author,  was 
born  in  1782,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  Phila 
delphia  writer  who  published  a  once  pop 
ular  series  of  school  histories,  and  also 
Etymological  Dictionary;  Gentlemen's 
Lexicon;  Ladies'  Lexicon;  The  American 
Chesterfield;  and  Life  of  Napoleon.  He 
died  in  1852,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GRING,  DAVID,  railroad  president,  was 
born  June  8,  1857,  in  Denver,  Pa.  Since 
1890  he  has  been  president  of  the  Newport 
and  Sherman's  Valley  railroad  at  New 
port,  Pa. 

GRINNELL.  GEORGE  BIRD,  ornithol 
ogist,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1849, 
in  New  York.  He  is  an  ornithologist,  and 
the  editor  of  Forest  and  Stream  of  New 
York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Story 
of  a  Prairie  People;  The  Story  of  the  In 
dian;  and  Pawnee  Hero  Stories  and  Folk 
Tales. 

GRINNELL,  HENRY,  merchant,  ex 
plorer,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1797,  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass.  He  was  the  first  president 
of  the  American  Geographical  society,  and 
fitted  out  two  expeditions  in  search  of  Sir 
John  Franklin.  Grinnell  Land,  in  the 
Arctic  seas,  is  named  in  his  honor.  He 
died  June  30,  1874,  in  New  York  city. 

GRINNELL.  JOSEPH,  merchant,  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1/88, 
in  New  Bedford,  Mass.  In  1839,  1840,  and 
1841  he  was  a  member  of  the  governor's 
council  of  Massachusetts.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  in  1843,  and 
was  three  times  re-elected.  He  originated 
the  idea  of  a  reduction  of  postage  and  the 
establishment  of  life  boats.  He  died  Feb. 
7,  1885,  in  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

GRINNELL,  JOSIAH  B.,  farmer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1821,  in  New  Haven,  Vt.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Iowa  state  senate  for 
four  years;  and  a  special  agent  for  the 
general  postoffice  for  two  years.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
thirty-eighth  and  thirty-ninth  congresses. 
He  was  the  author  of  Go  West,  Young 
Man,  Go  West;  Home  of  the  Badgers; 
Cattle  Industries  of  the  United  States; 
and  Men  and  Events  of  Forty  Years. 

GRINNELL,  KATHERINE  VAN  AL 
LEN,  educator,  reformer,  was  born  April 
20,  1839,  in  Pillar  Point,  N.  Y.  She  re 
ceived  her  education 
at  the  Falley  sem 
inary  of  Fulton,  N. 
Y. ;  and  has  attained 
prominence  as  a 
writer  and  teacher 
of  the  scientific  prin 
ciples  of  the  social 
order.  She  advo 
cates  the  social  sys 
tem  based  upon  the 
scientific  discoveries 

of    Sivartha    in    his 

Book    of    Life.    She 

has  also  contributed  a  number  of  meri 
torious  poems  to  the  periodical  press. 

GRINNELL,  MOSES  HICKS,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  March  3,  1803,  in 
New  Bedford,  Mass.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1839  to  1841;  and  was  a  presidential  elect 
or  in  1856.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  col 
lector  of  the  port  of  New  York.  He  died 
Nov.  24,  1877,  in  New  York  city. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


427 


GRISCOM,  CLEMENT  ACTION,  presi 
dent  of  the  International  Navigation  com 
pany,  was  born  March  15,  1841,  in  Phila 
delphia.  In  1871  the 
International  Navi 
gation  Co.  was  or 
ganized  in  Philadel 
phia  by  the  old  firm 
of  Peter  Wright  ana 
_gi  Sons.  Mr.  Griscom 

>  ..mSfat.  was  one  °f  its  found 

ers  and  from  the 
start  its  vice-presi 
dent,  and  in  1888  be 
came  president.  It 
owns  nearly  all  the 
capital  stock  of  the 
Belgian  corporation  known  as  the  Red 
Star  line,  which  operates  ten  large  steam 
ers  in  the  trade  to  Antwerp.  In  1886  Mr. 
Griscom  bought  for  his  company  the  old 
Inman  line,  then  running  to  Liverpool. 

GRISCOM,  JOHN,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  27,  1774,  at  Hancock's  Bridge, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  once  noted  educator  who 
was  professor  of  chemistry  at  Rutgers 
college  in  1812-28.  He  is  the  author  of 
A  Year  in  Europe;  and  Monitorial  In 
struction.  He  died  Feb.  26,  1852,  in  Bur 
lington,  N.  J. 

GRISCOM,  JOHN  HAWKINS,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1809,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  an  eminent  phy 
sician  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author 
of  Animal  Mechanism  and  Physiology: 
Prison  Hygiene;  Use  and  Abuses  of  Air; 
Use  of  Tobacco  and  Evils  Resulting 
Therefrom;  and  Physical  Indications  of 
Longevity.  He  died  April  28,  1874.  in 
New  York  city. 

GRISSOM,  ARTHUR  C.,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  21,  i869,  in  Payson, 
111.  He  is  the  editor  of  Spirit,  and  The 
American  Home  Graphic  of  New  York 
city;  and  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
meritorious  poems. 

GRISWOLD,  ALEXANDER  VIETS, 
clergyman,  bishop,  author,  was  born  April 
22,  1766,  in  Simsbury,  Conn.  He  was  the 
third  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of 
Massachusetts,  and 
the  author  of  Dis 
courses  on  the  Most 
Important  Doc 
trines;  The  Reform 
ation  and  the  Apos 
tolic  Office;  and  Re 
marks  on  Prayer 
Meetings.  He  died 
Feb.  15,  1843,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  from 
heart  disease  while 
visiting  Bishop  Eastburn. 

GRISWOLD.  ALPHONSO  MINER,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1834,  in 
Westmoreland,  N.  Y.  His  paragraphs  and 
humorous  essays  under  the  pen-name  of 
The  Fat  Contributor  won  him  reputation; 
and  he  spent  the  years  1865-78  in  the  lec 
ture  field,  his  topics  being  American  An 
tiquities;  Injun  Meal;  and  Queer  Folks. 
Since  1886  he  has  been  an  editor  and  one 
of  the  proprietors  of  Texas  Siftings. 

GRISWOLD,  CASIMIR  CLAYTON,  ar 
tist,  was  born  in  1834.  in  Delaware,  Ohio. 
He  studied  wood  engraving  in  Cincinnati, 
and  removed  to  New  York  about  1850. 
Among  his  works  are  December;  Winter 
Morning;  The  Last  of  the  Ice;  August 
Day,  Newport;  and  Early  Spring. 

GRISWOLD,  MRS.  FRANCES  IRENE 
[BURGE]  [SMITH],  author,  was  born 
in  1826,  in  Rhode  Island.  She  is  a  writer 
of  Sunday-school  tales,  among  which  are 
the  Bishop  and  Nannette  Series:  and 
Miriam's  Reward. 


GRISWOLD,  GAYLORD,  congressman. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  as 
sembly  from  1796  to  1798;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1803  to  1805.  He  died  in  1809. 

GRISWOLD,  MRS.  HARRIET,  edu 
cator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  26, 
1842,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  is  an  educator 
of  Wisconsin,  and  the  author  of  Apple 
Blossoms,  a  volume  of  poems;  Home  Life 
of  Great  Authors;  Waiting  on  Destiny; 
and  Lucille  and  Her  Friends.  'Her  poem, 
Under  the  Daisies,  has  had  a  wide  popu 
larity  as  a  song. 

GRISWOLD,  JOHN  A.,  manufacturer, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  11, 
1818,  in  Nassau,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth 
congresses  as  a  republican.  He  died  Oct. 
31,  1872,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

GRISWOLD,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1827,  in  Greene 
county,  N.  Y.  In  1856  he  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Greene  county,  and  held 
the  position  for  three  years.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  county  judge,  and  continued 
in  the  office  four  years.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  democrat. 

GRISWOLD,  MATTHEW,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  governor,  was  born  March  23,  1714, 
in  Lyme,  Conn.  He  was  a  judge,  and  af 
terward  chief  justice  of  the  superior 
court,  lieutenant-governor  and  governor 
in  1784-86  of  Connecticut.  He  died  April 
28,  1799,  at  Lyme,  Conn. 

GRISWOLD,  MATTHEW,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  June  6. 
1833,  in  Lyme,  Conn.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Connecticut 
house  of  representatives;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1865.  In  1866  he  moved  to 
Erie,  his  present  home,  where  he  became 
engaged  in  manufacturing.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

GRISWOLD,  ROGER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  uorn  May  21,  1762,  in 
Lyme,  Conn.  In  1795  to  1805  he  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Connecti 
cut;  and  in  1807  was  chosen  a  judge  of  tne 
supreme  court  of  the  state.  He  was  lieu 
tenant-governor  from  1809  to  1811;  and 
was  then  elected  governor.  He  died  Oct. 
25,  1812,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 

GRISWOLD,  RUFUS  WILMOT,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  15, 
1815.  in  Benson,  \t.  He  was  an  industri 
ous  compiler  and  lit 
erary  editor  who 
possessed  but  a 
slight  amount  of 
critical  insight  and 
discrimination.  His 
best  known  publica 
tions  are,  Female 
Poets  of  America; 
Prose  Writers  of 
America;  Poets  and 
Poetry  of  America; 
and  Sacred  Poets  of 
England  and  Amer 
ica.  His  other  works  include  Washing 
ton  and  the  Generals  of  the  Revolution; 
The  Republican  Court;  Scenes  in  the  Life 
of  the  Saviour;  and  Napoleon  and  the 
Marshals  of  the  Empire.  He  died  Aug. 
27,  1857,  in  New  York  city. 

GRISWOLD,  STANLEY,  clergyman, 
journalist,  lawyer,  jurist,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1763,  in  Tor- 
ringford.  Conn.  In  1804  he  became  the 
editor  of  a  democratic  paper  in  Walpole, 
N.  H.;  and  was  soon  afterward  appointed 
secretary  of  the  territory  of  Michigan. 


He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Ohio 
in  1809;  and  was  United  States  judge  for 
the  northwestern  territory.  He  died  Aug. 
21,  1815,  in  Shawneetown,  111. 

GRISWOLD,  WILLIAM  MACRILLIS, 
author,  was  born  in  1853,  in  Maine.  He 
is  a  literary  worker  of  Cambridge  who 
has  published  A  Manual  of  Misused 
Words,  and  many  valuable  indexes  to 
periodicals. 

GROESBECK,  TELFORD,  lawyer,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  5,  1853,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  He  graduated  from  Princeton  col 
lege  and  the  Harvard  law  school,  and  has 
attained  success  in  the  profession  of  law 
in  his  native  city.  He  has  filled  various 
positions  of  honor,  and  has  been  judge 
advocate  general  of  Ohio.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Incas,  the  Children  of  the  Sun,  an 
exceedingly  meritorious  poem,  which  de 
picts  the  strange  and  romantic  civiliza 
tion  of  the  Incas. 

GROESBECK,  WILLIAM  SLOCOMB, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  July  24,  1815,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  thirty-fifta  congress;  was  a 
member  of  the  peace  congress  of  1861; 
and  in  1862  was  elected  to  the  senate  of 
Ohio.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  National  Union  convention  of  1866. 

GROFF,  GEORGE  G.,  physician,  edu 
cator,  was  born  in  April,  1851,  in  Chester 
county,  Pa.  In  1879  he  was  elected  to 
the  chair  of  natural  sciences  in  the  Buck- 
nell  university  of  Lewisburg,  Pa.;  and  is 
president  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  board 
of  health. 

GROIN,  WILLIAM  M.,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1805,  in  Tennessee. 
In  1841  he  was  elected  to  congress  from 
Mississippi;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
United  States  senate.  He  died  in  1885,  in 
New  York. 

GRONER,  VIRGINIUS  DESPAUEX, 
soldier,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1836,  in  Nor 
folk,  Va.  He  served  in  the  confederacy 
during  the  civil  war, 
and  was  brevetted 
brigadier  -  general. 
He  has  been  a  can 
didate  for  governor 
of  his  native  state, 
and  on  several  occa 
sions  his  name  was 
placed  in  nomina 
tion  for  United 
States  senator.  He 
is  president  of  the 
National  Compress 
association;  presi 
dent  of  the  steamship  line  run  by  that 
association  between  Norfolk  and  Liver 
pool,  and  is  actively  interested  in  many 
other  business  enterprises.  He  has  con 
tributed  greatly  to  the  advancement  of 
the  shipping  interests  of  Norfolk,  Va. ; 
and  was  appointed  a  commissioner  from 
Virginia  to  the  World's  Columbian  ex 
position. 

GRONLUND,  LAURENCE,  lecturer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1847,  in  Denmark.  He  is 
a  lecturer  upon  socialistic  topics  in  many 
cities  of  the  United  States,  and  the  author 
of  The  Co-operative  Commonwealth  in 
Its  Outlines;  Ca  Ira,  or  Danton  in  the 
French  Revolution;  and  Our  Destiny. 

GROOME,  JAMES  BLACK,  lawyer, 
governor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
April  4,  1838,  in  Elkton,  Md.  In  1867  he 
was  elected  to  the  state  constitutional 
convention;  in  1871  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature;  and  was  re-elected.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  governor  of  Maryland; 
and  was  elected  United  States  senator 
from  Maryland  for  the  term  of  six  years 
from  March  4,  1879. 


428 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GROSE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1812, 
in  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  was  chosen  a  judge 
of  the  court  of  com 
mon  pleas  in  1860, 
but  resigned  in  1861, 
and  recruited  the 
thirty-sixth  Indiana 
infantry,  of  which 
he  became  colonel. 
At  Shiloh  his  regi 
ment  was  the  only 
part  of  Buell's  army 
that  joined  in  the 
first  day's  fight,  and 
after  the  engage 
ment  he  commanded 
a  brigade;  and  subsequently  was  pro 
moted  to  brigadier-general.  He  lives  in 
New  Castle,  Ind. 

GROSS,  EZRA  C.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Windsor  county,  Vt.  He  was 
surrogate  of  Essex  county  from  1815  to 
1819;  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York  from  1819  to  1821;  and 
was  elected  to  tne  assembly  of  that  state 
in  1828  and  1829.  He  died  before  the  close 
of  his  second  term. 

GROSS,  JOHN  DANIEL,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1737,  in  Ger 
many.  He  was  a  regent  of  the  university 
of  New  York  in  1784,  and  a  trustee  of  Co 
lumbia  in  1787.  He  published  Natural 
Principles  of  Rectitude.  He  died  May  25, 
1S12,  in  Canajoharie,  N.  Y. 

GROSS,  JOSEPH  B.,  clergyman,  author. 
He  was  a  lutheran  clergyman,  among 
whose  writings  are  The  Heathen  Religion 
in  Its  Symbolical  Development;  Teach 
ings  of  Providence;  Truth  in  Religion; 
Belief  in  Immortality  on  Purely  Logical 
Principles;  and  Ola  Faith  and  New 
Thoughts.  He  died  in  1891. 

GROSS,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1819  to  1823. 

GROSS,  SAMUEL  DAVID,  educator, 
physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  July 
8,  1805,  near  Easton,  Pa.  He  was  a  dis 
tinguished  surgeon  of  Philadelphia  who 
was  professor  of  surgery  in  Jefferson 
Medical  college  in  1856-82,  ana  a  member 
of  many  medical  associations  in  America 
and  Europe.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Sys 
tem  of  Surgery;  Lives  of  Eminent  Amer 
ican  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Nine 
teenth  Century;  Manual  of  Military  Sur 
gery;  History  of  American  Medical  Lit 
erature;  John  Hunter  and  His  Pupils; 
Pathological  Anatomy;  Wounds  of  the 
Intestines;  and  Diseases  of  the  Urinary 
Organs.  He  also  edited  American  Med 
ical  Biography.  He  died  May  6,  1884,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GROSS,  SAMUEL  EBERLY,  capitalist, 
founder.  He  determined  upon  the  opera 
tions  which  have  since  made  him  famous 
as  probably  the 
greatest  subdivide!' 
of  real  estate  in  the 
United  States. 
Among  his  many 
successful  transac 
tions  may  be  noted 
the  following;  In 
1880  he  located  the 
New  City  to  the 
soutnwest.  In  1882 
he  began  on  Chica 
go's  northern  boun 
dary  and  laid  out 
what  eventuated  in  the  flourishing  village 
of  Gross  Park.  In  1886  he  founded  the  town 
of  Brookdale  on  the  Illinois  Central  rail 
way;  and  opened  Under-the-Linden, 
the  villages  01  Calumet  Heights  and  Dau 
phin  Park;  and  in  1889  he  founded  Gross- 
dale. 


GROSS,  SAMUEL  WEISSEL,  educa 
tor,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  4,  1837,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was 
a  surgeon  of  Philadelphia  who  succeeded 
his  father  as  professor  of  surgery  in  Jef 
ferson  Medical  college  in  1882.  He  is  the 
author  of  Tumors  of  the  Mammary 
Gland;  and  Treatise  on  Impotence,  Steril 
ity,  and  Allied  Disorders.  He  died  April 
Hi,  1889,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GROSS,  WILLIAM  HICKLEY,  arcn- 
bishop.  was  born  June  12,  1837,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  consecrated  bishop  of 
Savannah  in  1873,  and  in  1884  he  became 
archbishop  of  Oregon. 

GROSVENOR,  CHARLES  HENRY,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
20,  1833,  in  Pomfret,  Conn.  He  enlisted  in 
the  union  army  in 
1861,  and  served 
throughout  the  war 
as  major,  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  colonel, 
and  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  in 
1865.  He  was  solic 
itor  of  Athens  in 
1867-68;  presidential 
elector  in  1872  and 
1880;  and  was  elect 
ed  a  representative 
in  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1873  and  re-elected  in  1875,  serv 
ing  as  speaker  in  1876  and  1877.  He  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  board  of  trus 
tees  of  the  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans' 
Home  in  1880.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-ninth, 
fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth 
and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 
GROSVENOR,  CHARLES  W.,  soldier, 
state  senator,  was  born  May  11,  1839,  in 
Pomfret,  Conn.  He  served  as  sergeant  of 
company  D,  eighteenth  Connecticut  vol 
unteers,  during  the  civil  war.  He  nas 
twice  represented  his  native  town  in  the 
state  legislature,  and  once  in  the  senate; 
and  in  1897  became  state  treasurer. 

GROSVENOR,  EBENEZER  0.,  mer 
chant,  banker,  state  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  26,  1820,  in  Stillwater,  N.  Y.  In 
1854  he  established  the  Grosvenor  Sav 
ings  bank  of  Jonesville,  Mich.,  of  which 
he  has  always  been  president  and  man 
ager.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1859  and 
in  1863-64. 

GROSVENOR.  EDWIN  AUGUSTUS,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  in  1845,  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  was  a  professor  of  Euro 
pean  history  at  Amherst  college,  and  from 
1873-90  professor  of  history  at  Roberts 
college,  Constantinople.  He  is  the  author 
of  Constantinople. 

GROSVENOR,  LEMUEL  CONANT, 
physician,  author,  was  born  March  22, 
1833,  in  Paxton,  Mass.  He  is  an  obstetri 
cian  of  rare  skill  and  ability,  and  has 
long  held  a  front  rank  among  physicians 
in  general  practice  in  Chicago.  He  is  the 
author  of  Our  Babies;  Bedside  Chats  with 
Young  Mothers;  and  The  Sanitation  and 
Technique  of  the  Lying-in  Room. 

GROSVENOR,  THOMAS  P.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1780,  in  Pom- 
fret,  Conn.  He  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  legislature  of  New  York;  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1813  to  1817.  He  died  April  25,  1817. 

GROTE,  AUGUSTUS  RADCLIFFE,  sci 
entist,  author,  poet.  He  is  a  scientist, 
formerly  of  Buffalo,  but  now  living  in 
Bremen,  Germany.  He  is  the  author  of 
Notes  on  the  Bombycidae  of  Cuba;  Notes 
on  the  Sphingidre  of  Cuba;  Notes  on  the 
Zyga?nirtip  of  Cuba;  Genesis;  The  New 
Infidelity;  Notes  of  the  Lepidoptera  of 
America  (with  C.  T.  Robinson);  and  Rip 
Van  Winkle,  a  Sun  Myth,  and  Other 
Poems 


GROUT,  JONATHAN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  23,  1737,  in 
Lunenburg,  Mass.  He  served  for  a  short 
time  in  the  revolutionary  army.  He  was. 
for  some  years  a  member  of  the  general 
court,  or  house  of  representatives  of 
Massachusetts;  and  in  1789  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  first  congress,  in  which  he 
served  from  1789  to  1791.  He  died  Sept. 
8,  ISO/,  in  Dover,  N.  H. 

GROUT,  WILLIAM  W..  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  24,  1836,  in 
Canada,  of  American  parents.  He  was 
state's  attorney  for  Orleans  county  in 
1865-66.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ver 
mont  house  of  representatives  in  1868, 
1869,  1870,  and  1874,  and  of  the  senate 
in  1876.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-sev 
enth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth, 
congress  in  1896. 

GROVE.  JOHN  B.,  physician,  was  born 
Aug.  2,  1829,  in  Augusta  county,  Va.  In 
1872  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  city 

council  of  Columbus, 

ind.;  and  was  nom 
inated  as  state  sen 
ator  for  the  counties 
of  Bartholomew  and 
Brown,  by  the  dem 
ocrats  of  the  district 
in  1874.  In  1863  he 
became  identified 
with  the  democratic 
organization,  o  f 
which  he  has  since 
been  an  earnest  and 
consistent  member, 
taking  a  deep  interest  in  its  welfare,  and 
contributing  largely  to  its  successful 
management.  As  a  physician  he  stands 
at  the  head  of  the  profession. 

GROVE,  PHILETUS  AMMERMAN,  ar 
tist,  educator,  clergyman,  was  born  Jan. 
6,  1867,  in  Pisgah,  Mo.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Clarksburg  college  and 
the  Missouri  Valley  college,  graduating 
from  the  latter  institution  in  1894  with 
the  degree  of  B.  L.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  educator,  and  for  three  years 
was  president  of  the  Otterville  college. 
He  is  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  pres- 
byterian  church;  and  has  been  success 
ful  as  an  instructor  in  art. 

GROVE,  WILLIAM  B.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from, 
North  Carolina  from  1791  to  1803. 

GROVER,  ASA  P.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1819. 
in  Ontario  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  in  1857;  re-elected  in 
1861,  holding  the  position  eight  years. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  fortieth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

GROVER.  CUVIER,  soldier,  was  born 
July  24.  1829,  in  Bethel,  Maine.  In  185* 
he  graduated  from  the  United  States  Mil 
itary  academy,  and 
was  assigned  to  the 
first  a  r  t  i  1  le  r  y; 
served  on  the  fron 
tier  till  1853;  and 
from  1853  to  1854  on 
the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad  exploration, 
after  which  he 
served  at  various 
western  stations.  ID 
1862  he  became  brig 
adier-general  of  vol 
unteers;  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  army  of  the  Potomac;  and  in 
1875  was  made  colonel.  He  died  June  6, 
1885,  in  Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


429 


GROVER,  LAFAYETTE,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  governor,  United  States 
senator,  born  Nov.  29,  1823,  in  Bethel, 
Maine.  In  1851  he  was  elected  prosecut 
ing  attorney  for  the  territory  of  Oregon; 
in  1852  was  auditor  of  public  accounts; 
served  three  years  in  the  territorial  legis 
lature;  and  saw  service  in  the  Indian  wars 
of  Oregon.  Having  been  an  active  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  of  1857  to  form  a 
state  constitution,  he  was  subsequently 
•elected  the  first  representative  in  congress 
from  the  prospective  state,  and  took  his 
seat  as  such  in  1859.  In  1870  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Oregon,  and  re-elected 
in  1874;  and  resigned  in  1877  to  take  his 
seat  as  a  United  States  senator  from 
Oregon  for  the  term  ending  in  1883. 

GROVER,  LEWIS  C.,  underwriter, 
founder,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1815,  in  Cald- 
well,  N.  J.  In  1845  he  obtained  from  the 
legislature  a  charter  of  the  Mutual  Bene 
fit  Life  Insurance  company  of  Newark, 
N.  J.,  of  which  he  afterward  became  pres 
ident. 

GROVER,  MARTIN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
•congressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1845  to  1847;  was  a  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York  from 
1857  to  1859;  and  was  judge  of  the  court 
•of  appeals  from  1859  for  a  full  term.  He 
was  elected  an  associate  judge  in  1870 
for  fourteen  years.  He  died  Aug.  23, 
1875,  in  Alleghany  county,  N.  Y. 

GROW,     GALUSHA    AARON,     lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1824,  in 
Eastford,  Conn.    In  1850  he  was  elected  a 
rcprcsi'iitativr          i  n 
congress  from  Penn- 
^  sylvania;     and    was 

re-elected  to  the 
thirty-sixth  c  o  n- 
gress.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress, 
and  was  chosen 
speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives. 
He  served  in  the  fif 
ty-third  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy;  and 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

GRUBB,  EDWARD  BURD,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  diplomat,  was  born  in  1841, 
in  Burlington,  N.  J.  He  attained  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general  during  the  civil  war. 
In  the  management  of  iron  works  and 
mines  in  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  he 
succeeded  his  father,  and  soon  became  one 
•of  the  leading  producers  of  pig  iron  in 
the  north. 

GRUBE,  BERNHARD  ADAM,  mission 
ary,  author,  was  born  in  1715,  in  Ger 
many.  He  was  a  Moravian  missionary 
who  came  to  America  in  1746  and  settled 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  published  Delaware 
Indian  Hymn  Book;  and  Harmony  of  the 
Gospels.  He  died  March  20,  1808,  in  Beth 
lehem,  Pa. 

GRUMBINE,  LEE  LEIGHT,  lawyer, 
journalist,  was  born  July  25,  1858,  in 
Fredericksburg.  Pa.  In  1890  he  founded 
the  Lebanon  Daily  Report,  which  became 
a  recognized  force  in  Pennsylvania  jour 
nalism. 

GRUND,  FRANCIS  JOSEPH,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1809,  in  Bohemia. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  Philadelphia  who 
published  Exercises  in  Arithmetic;  Amer 
icans  in  their  Moral,  Religious  and  Social 
Relations;  Aristocracy  in  America;  Life 
of  General  Harrison,  in  German;  and 
Thoughts  and  Reflections  on  the  Present 
Position  of  Europe.  He  died  Sept.  29, 
1863,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


GRUNDY,  FELIX,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  11,  1770,  in  Berkeley  county, 
Va.  For  six  or  seven 
years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature; 
and  in  1806  was 
elected  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Ken 
tucky,  and  was  soon 
after  chief  justice. 
From  1811  to  1814  he 
was  a  representative 
in  congress  from 
Tennessee,  and  dur 
ing  several  years  after  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  that  state.  From  1829 
to  1838  he  was  United  States  senator,  and 
in  the  latter  year  attorney-general  of  the 
United  States.  In  1840  he  resigned  this 
position,  and  was  again  elected  senator. 
He  died  Dec.  19,  1840,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 
GUE,  BENJAMIN  P.,  journalist,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1828,  in  Greene 
county,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Canandaigua 
and  East  Bloomfield 
academies.  In  1852  he 
moved  to  Iowa,  set 
tling  in  Scott  county. 
In  1857  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature, 
serving  four  years; 
and  in  1861  was 
elected  to  the  state 
senate.  He  was  one 
of  the  authors  of  the 
act  for  the  estab 
lishment  of  the  state 
agricultural  college,  and  secured  its  pass 
age.  In  1864  he  became  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Fort  Dodge  Republican;  and  in 
1865  he  was  elected  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  state.  In  1872  he  moved  to  Des 
Moines,  and  became  editor  of  the  Iowa 
Homestead,  and  subsequently  its  owner. 
In  1873  he  was  appointed  pension  agent 
for  Iowa  and  Nebraska.  He  has  been 
president  of  trustees  of  the  Iowa  Agricul 
tural  college;  and  has  been  connected  with 
the  state  historical  department  since  its 
organization.  He  devotes  his  time  large 
ly  to  collecting  material  for  a  History  of 
Iowa. 

GUENTHER.  RICHARD,  pharmacist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1845,  in 
Prussia.  He  settled  at  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  in 
1867;  was  elected  state  treasurer  in  1876, 
and  re-elected  in  1878.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  for 
ty-seventh,  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth 
and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

GUERARD,  BENJAMIN,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1783 
to  1785;  and  speaker  of  the  house  in 
1783.  He  died  in  January,  1789,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

GUERIN,  CLAUDE  \..  lawyer,  lec 
turer,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1867,  in  Jersey 
City,  N.  J.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  and 
the  Asbury  Park  high  school.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as  an  eminent  lawyer  of 
New  Jersey,  and  has  a  large  practice  in 
Asbury  Park-.  He  is  a  prominent  member 
of  tne  republican  party;  a  member  of  the 
board  of  education;  and  belongs  to  the 
National  Guards  of  New  Jersey.  As  a 
public  speaker  he  ranks  high. 

GUERNSEY,  ALFRED  HUDSON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1825,  in  Ver 
mont.  He  is  a  writer  of  New  York  city, 
and  at  one  period  editor  of  Harper's 
Monthly.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Span 
ish  Armada;  The  World's  Opportunities; 
Carlyle,  His  Life,  Books,  and  Theories; 
and  Emerson,  Poet  and  Philosopher. 


GUERNSEY,  CLARA  FLORIDA,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1836,  in  New  York.  She 
is  a  Rochester  writer  01  juvenile  tales, 
among  which  are  The  Boys  of  Eaglewood 
School;  The  Silver  Library;  Friends  in 
Need;  and  The  Merman  and  the  Figure 
Head. 

GUERNSEY,  EGBERT,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1823,  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  a  homeopathic  physician  of  New 
York  city,  editor  of  the  Medical  Times 
since  1872,  and  the  author  of  History  of 
the  United  States;  Homeopathic  Domestic 
Practice;  and  The  Gentleman  s  Book  of 
Homeopathy. 

GUERNSEY,  HENRY  NEWELL,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  in  1817,  in  Ver 
mont.  He  was  a  homeopathic  physician 
of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  Ap 
plication  of  Homeopathy  to  Obstetrics; 
Plain  Talks  on  Avoided  Subjects;  The 
Keynote  System:  Obstetrics  and  Diseases 
of  Women  and  Children;  and  Lectures  on 
Materia  Medica.  He  died  in  1885. 

GUERNSEY,  JOSEPH  C.,  physician, 
was  born  March  25,  1849,  in  Frankford, 
Pa.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Hahnemann 
Medical  college  and  hospital  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  lecturer  on  materia  medica. 

GUERNSEY,  LUCY  ELLEN,  author, 
was  born  in  1826,  in  New  York.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Rochester,  i\.  Y.,  who  has  pub 
lished  more  than  fifty  juvenile  tales,  some 
of  which  are,  Old  Stanfield  House; 
Through  Unknown  Ways;  Winifred;  and 
Agnes  Warrington's  Mistake. 

GUERNSEY,  ROCELLUS  S.,  lawyer, 
author.  He  is  the  author  of  Juries 
and  Physicians  on  Insanity;  Mechanics' 
Lien  Laws  for  New  York  City;  Municipal 
Law  and  Its  Relations  to  the  Constitu 
tion  of  Man;  Key  to  Story's  Equity  Juris 
prudence;  Living  Authors  at  the  New 
York  Bar;  Suicide,  a  History  of  the  Penal 
Laws  Relating  to  It;  and  New  York  City 
and  Vicinity  During  the  War  of  1812. 

GUEST,  JOHN,  naval  officer,  was  born 
March  7,  1821,  in  Missouri.  He  served  in 
1845-48  on  the  frigate  Congress  in  the 
Pacific,  on  the  coast  of  Mexico  during  the 
Mexican  war  and  took  part  on  shore  in 
several  sharp  engagements.  He  also 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1879,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H. 

GUFFIN,  WASHINGTON  I.,  merchant, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1840,  in 
Carlisle,  N.  Y.  In  1869  he  moved  to 
Illinois;  and  has  since  been  successfully 
engaged  as  a  grain  merchant  in  Paw  Paw. 
In  1892  he  was  elected  a  representative  to 
the  Illinois  state  legislature,  and  twice  re 
ceived  the  re-election. 

GUHIN,   JAMES  WILLIAM,   merchant, 
jurist,  was  born  June  17,   1863,  in  Maple 
Grove,  Wis.    In  1883  he  moved  to  Dakota 
.         territory,     and     was 
one  of  the  first  set- 
tiers     of     Aberdeen. 
He    is    a    successful 
merchant  of  Eureka, 
S.     D.;     has     been 
judge  of  the  munici 
pal  court  of  Eureka 
from    its    incorpora 
tion,  and  has  filled  a 
number  of  important 
positions       in       his 
county  and  state.   He 
is  also  a  contributor 
to  current  publications. 

GUICE,  NAPOLEON  LORENZO,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1838, 
in  Hamburg,  Miss.  In  1877-78  he  was 
president  of  the  Mississippi  State  Medical 
association,  and  is  a  prominent  physician 
of  Meridian,  Miss. 


430 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GUIDERY,  JOHN,  lawyer,  was  born 
July  31.  1844,  in  Westchester,  N.  Y.  He 
received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  New  York  city  and  San  Francis 
co,  Cal.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Butte 
county,  Cal.,  where  for  nearly  a  quarter 
of  a  century  he  has  been  court  commis 
sioner  and  under-sheriff. 

GUILBERT,  EDWARD  AUGUSTUS, 
physician,  was  born  in  1826,  in  Water- 
town,  N.  Y.  This  eminent  physician  has 
practiced  his  profession  with  success  in 
Waukegan  and  Elgin,  111.;  and  in  1856 
settled  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  where  he  has 
ever  since  resided.  During  1863-65  he  was 
surgeon  of  the  board  of  enrollment,  and 
is  now  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of 
Iowa.  He  is  a  member  of  the  leading 
medical  bodies,  and  a  member  of  the  Ma 
sonic  and  other  fraternal  orders. 

GUILD,  MRS.  CADWALADER.  sculp 
tor,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  has 
attained  her  greatest  success  in  Berlin, 
Germany;  and  two  of  her  statues.  Post 
and  Telegraphic,  are  on  the  new  post- 
office  building  in  Magdeburg.  Her  most 
beautiful  work  is  Electron. 

GUILD,  MRS.  CAROLINE  SNOWDEN. 
author,  was  born  June  1,  1827,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  She  is  a  religious  writer  of 
Boston,  and  the  author  of  Violet;  Daisy; 
Never  Mind  the  Face;  Some  House  Songs; 
compiler  of  Hymns  of  the  Ages;  and 
Prayers  of  the  Ages. 

GUILD,  CURTIS,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  13,  1828,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  Boston,  founder  and 
editor  of  The  Commercial  Bulletin;  and 
the  author  of  Over  the  Ocean,  a  popular 
book  of  travels;  Abroad  Again;  Britons 
and  Muscovites;  From  Sunrise  to  Sunset, 
a  volume  of  verse;  and  A  Chat  About 
Celebrities. 

GUILD,  REUBEN  ALDRIDGE,  librari 
an,  author,  was  born  May  4,  1822,  at  West 
Dedham,  Mass.  He  was  the  librarian  of 
Brown  university  in  1848-93.  He  is  the 
author  of  Librarian's  Manual;  Rhode  Isl 
and  in  the  Continental  Congress  (edited) ; 
History  of  Brown  University,  Chaplain 
Smith  and  the  Baptists;  Footprints  of 
Roger  Williams;  and  Roger  Williams,  the 
Pioneer  Missionary  to  the  Indians. 

GUILLET,  JOSEPH  HENRI,  lawyer, 
was  born  Jan.  11,  1853,  in  Marieville, 
Province  of  Quebec.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
he  enlisted  in  the  famous  regiment,  the 
Pontifical  Zouaves,  Rome,  and  served  dur 
ing  the  campaigns  of  1870  up  to  the  fall 
of  Rome,  Sept.  20,  1870.  He  returned  to 
America  and  entered  journalism  at  Low 
ell,  Mass.;  subsequently  taught  school, 
and  is  now  a  prominent  lawyer  of  that 
city.  He  was  decorated  by  the  Pope  with 
a  military  medal;  was  created  by  Leo 
XIII.  a  knight  commander  of  the  Mili 
tary  Order  of  Saint  Sylvester.  He  has 
been  president  of  several  associations. 

GUINEY,  LOUISE  IMOGEN,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1861,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  She  is  a  writer  of  Newton,  Mass., 
and  the  author  of  Goose-Quill  Papers; 
Brownies  and  Bogies;  Three  Heroines  of 
New  England  Romance  (with  Mrs.  Spof- 
ford  and  Alice  Brown);  Monsieur  Henri, 
a  Footnote  to  French  History;  A  Little 
English  Gallery;  Lovers'  Saint  Ruths,  and 
Three  Other  Tales;  Patrins,  a  collection 
of  essays;  Verse:  Songs  at  the  Start;  The 
White  Sail;  and  A  Roadside  Harp.  She 
has  edited  the  select  poems  of  Mangan, 
with  a  study  of  his  life  and  work. 

GUINON,  MATTHEW  FRANKLIN, 
lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1853,  in  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.  He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the  high  school  of  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.,  and  subsequently  graduated 
from  the  university  of  Michigan.  He  is  a 


successful  lawyer  of  Petoskey,  Mich.,  has 
been  city  assessor,  circuit  court  commis 
sioner  for  two  terms,  and  has  filled  vari 
ous  public  positions  of  trust  in  his  county 
and  state. 

GUION,  JOHN  J.,  was  born  in  1801  in 
Natchez,  Miss.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  and  president  of  that  body, 
and  also  a  judge  of  the  criminal  court. 
In  1851  he  was  governor  pro  tern,  of  the 
state,  and  subsequently  a  judge  of  the  dis 
trict  court  of  the  state.  He  died  June  26, 
1855,  at  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

GULDIN,  JOHN  C.,  clergyman,  com 
poser,  was  born  in  1799  in  Bucks  county, 
Pa.  He  was  known  as  the  Apostle  to  the 
Germans.  He  superintended  the  German 
publications  of  the  American  Tract  'so 
ciety,  and  was  the  chief  editor  of  the 
hymn-book  that  has  since  been  adopted 
by  the  presbyterian  church  for  the  use  of 
its  German  congregations.  He  died  in 
1863  in  New  York  city. 

GULICK,  PETER  JOHNSON,  mission 
ary,  was  born  March  12,  1797,  in  Freehold, 
N.  J.  In  1827  he  left  Boston  for  the  Ha 
waiian  islands  under  commission  of  the 
American  board  of  commissioners  for  for 
eign  missions,  and  was  stationed  on  vari 
ous  islands  of  the  Hawaiian  kingdom. 
In  1874  he  went  to  Japan,  and  there 
passed  the  last  days  of  his  life  with  a 
s.on  who  was  also  a  missionary.  He  died 
Dec.  8,  1877,  in  Japan. 

GULLETT,  ALEXANDER,  soldier,  law 
yer,  miner,  was  born  June  26,  1845,  near 
Union  City,  Ind.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in 
company  F,  sixty-ninth  regiment  Indiana 
volunteer  infantry,  and  was  honorably 
discharged  as  corporal  on  July  5,  1865.  He 
served  with  distinction  and  was  wounded 
at  Thompson's  Hill,  in  rear  of  Vicksburg. 
After  the  war  he  was  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work  and  subsequently  admitted  to 
the  bar.  In  1874  he  became  prosecuting 
attorney  for  the  counties  of  Randolph  and 
Delaware,  Ind.;  and  practiced  law  at  Win 
chester  until  1880.  He  then  moved  to 
Colorado  and  has  since  been  successfully 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Gunni- 
son.  He  is  a  prominent  leader  in  the  re 
publican  party,  was  a  delegate  to  the  na 
tional  republican  convention  in  1884,  and 
chairman  of  the  republican  state  conven 
tion  in  1890.  In  1896  he  received  the  nom 
ination  for  attorney-general. 

GUMMERE,  FRANCIS  BARTON,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1855  in  New 
Jersey.  He  is  a  professor  of  English  in 
Haverford  college,  Pennsylvania;  and  the 
author  of  The  Anglo-Saxon  Metaphor; 
Handbook  of  Poetics;  and  Germanic  Ori 
gins,  a  study  in  Primitive  Culture. 

GUMMERE,  JOHN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1784  in  Willow  Grove,  Pa. 
He  was  an  educator  of  Burlington,  N.  J., 
and  the  author  of  Treatise  on  Surveying; 
and  Theoretical  and  Practical  Astronomy. 
He  died  May  31,  1845,  in  Burlington,  N.  J. 

GUMMERE,  SAMUEL  R.,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  3,  1789,  in  Horsham, 
Pa.  He  was  an  educator  of  Burlington, 
and  the  author  of  Treatise  on  Geography; 
and  Compendium  of  Elocution.  He  died 
Sept.  13,  1866,  in  Burlington,  N.  J. 

GUNCKEL.  LOUIS  B.,  was  born  Oct. 
15,  1826,  in  Germantown,  Ohio.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  senate  of  Ohio  in  1862-65, 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1864.  He 
was  appointed  United  States  commission 
er  to  investigate  Indian  frauds,  in  1871, 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress 
as  a  republican. 

GUNN,  JAMES,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1739  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
senator  of  the  United  States  from  Georgia 
from  1789  to  1801.  He  died  July  30,  1801, 
in  Louisville,  Ga. 


GUNN,  JAMES,  soldier,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  March  6,  1843,  in 
New  York.  He  volunteered  as  a  private  in 
company  G,  twenty-seventh  Wisconsin  in 
fantry,  with  which  regiment  he  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  being  mustered 
out  with  the  rank  of  captain.  In  1880  he 
joined  the  rush  of  prospectors  to  Idaho, 
making  the  town  of  Hailey,  in  Wood 
River  Valley,  his  home.  He  was  elected 
to  the  senate  of  the  first  state  legislature 
in  1890;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  populist. 

GUNNELL,  ALLEN  THOMSON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  29, 
1848,  in  Saline  county,  Mo.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Bethany  college,  of 
West  Virginia.  He  has  been  judge  of 
Lake  county,  Colo.;  was  a  member  of 
the  Colorado  state  legislature  in  1879; 
and  during  1891-95  served  with  distinction 
as  state  senator.  In  1896  he  was  a  presi 
dential  elector.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Colorado,  and  has  a  lucrative 
practice  in  Colorado  Springs. 

GUNNING,  JOSIAH  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  inventor,  was  born 
March  1,  1840,  in  England.  He  has  filled 
pastorates  in  the  baptist  churches  of  New 
York  city  and  New  Jersey,  and  for  five 
years  was  president  of  the  college  of  Phy 
sicians  and  Surgeons  of  Boston.  He  in 
vented  and  patented  an  instrument  known 
as  the  pulsating  pen. 

GUNNISON,  ALMON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1844  in  Maine.  He 
is  a  universalist  clergyman  of  prominence, 
and  the  author  of  Rambles  Overland,  a 
Trip  Across  the  Continent;  and  Wayside 
and  Fireside  Rambles. 

GUNNISON,  ELISHA  NORMAN,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  in  1837  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  journalist  of  York, 
Pa.,  who  published  One  Summer  Dream, 
and  Other  Poems;  and  Our  Stars.  He 
died  in  1880. 

GUNNISON,  JOHN  WILLIAMS,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  in  1812  in 
New  Hampshire.  He  was  a  civil  engineer 
killed  by  Mormons  and  Indians  while 
making  railway  surveys  in  Utah.  A  His 
tory  of  the  Mormons  was  his  only  pub 
lished  work.  He  died  Oct.  26,  1853,  near 
Sebier  Lake,  Utah. 

GUNSAULUS,  FRANK  WAKELEY, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1856  in 
Ohio.  He  is  a  congregational  clergyman 
of  Chicago,  and  the  author  of  The  Meta 
morphosis  of  a  Creed;  The  Transfigura 
tion  of  Christ;  Monk  and  Knight,  an  His 
torical  Study  in  Fiction;  Phidias,  and 
Other  Poems;  October  at  Eastwood;  and 
Songs  of  Night  and  Day. 

GUNSTER,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Sept. 
15,  1845,  in  Prussia.  He  has  served  as 
district  attorney  of  Lackawanna  county 
and  as  law  judge.  He  has  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  legis 
lature  from  Scranton,  Pa. 

GUNTER,  ARCHIBALD  CLAVERING, 
author.  He  is  a  writer  of  popular  sensa 
tional  romances  quite  destitute  of  liter 
ary  merit,  and  the  author  of  Mr.  Barnes  of 
New  York;  Mr.  Potter  of  Texas;  The 
First  of  the  English;  and  The  Ladies'  Jug 
gernaut. 

GUNTER,  THOMAS  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1826,  in 
middle  Tennessee.  In  1853  he  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  Fayetteville,  Ark.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  state  convention  of 
1861;  served  in  the  confederate  army  as 
a  colonel,  and  was  prosecuting  attorney 
from  1866  to  1868.  He  successfully  con 
tested  the  seat  of  W.  W.  Wilshire  in  the 
forty-third  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth 
and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY, 


431 


GURLEY,  HENRY  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1787  in  Leba 
non,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Louisiana  from  1823  to 
1831.  He  previously  held  the  office  of 
United  States  judge  for  the  district  court 
of  Louisiana.  He  died  in  1832. 

GURLEY,  JOHN  A.,  clergyman,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
.  Dec.  9,  1813,  in  East  Hartford,  Conn.  He 
was  settled  as  a  preacher  at  Methuen. 
Mass.,  from  1834  to  1837,  when  he  removed 
to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  for  fifteen 
years  he  published  a  paper  called  the  Star 
of  the  West.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress;  and  re-elected  to  the  thir 
ty-seventh  congress.  In  1862  he  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  Arizona.  He  died 
Aug.  19,  1863,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

GURLEY,       PHINEAS       DENSMORE, 
clergyman,    was   born    Nov.    12,    1816,    in 
In  1859  he  was  chosen 
chaplain  of  the  Unit 
ed  States  senate.    He 
numbered  among  his 
regular  hearers   sev 
eral  presidents  of  the 
United  States,  among 
them  Mr.  Lincoln,  at 
whose    death-bed   he 
was      present,      and 
whose     funeral    ser 
mon     he     delivered. 
He    took    an    active 
part  in  the  negotia 
tions  that  resulted  in 
of   the    old-school    and    new- 
of     the     presbyterian 


Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


the    union 
school     branches 


church.     He  died  Sept.  30,  1868,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

GURLEY,  RALPH  RANDOLPH,  clergy 
man,  was  born  May  26,  1797,  in  Lebanon, 
Conn.  From  1822  till  1872  he  acted  as 
the  agent  and  secretary  of  the  American 
Colonization  society,  visited  Africa  three 
times  in  its  interests,  and  was  one  of  tKte 
founders  of  Liberia.  He  died  July  30,  1872, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

GURLEY,  ZENAS  HOVEY,  educator, 
clergyman,  legislator,  orator,  was  born 
Feb.  24,  1842,  in  Hancock  county,  111.  He 
received  a  thorough 
education  in  the 
schools  of  Illinois 
and  Wisconsin,  and 
became  a  successful 
educator  and  school 
director.  He  at 
tained  eminence  as  a 
clergyman  and  is  a 
brilliant  speaker.  He 
served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of 
the  twenty-fifth  and 
twenty-sixth  general 
assemblies  of  the  Iowa  state  legislature; 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  claims; 
a  member  of  the  committee  on  ways  and 
means,  appropriations,  code  revisions,  in 
surance,  mines  and  mining,  constitutional 
amendments,  municipal  corporations,  and 
penitentiaries.  He  possesses  the  courage 
of  his  convictions,  and  is  an  able  and  elo 
quent  advocate  before  the  people. 

GURNEY,  FRANCIS,  soldier,  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1738  in  Bucks 
county,  Pa.  He  was  a  merchant  of  Phil 
adelphia.  He  became  president  of  the  city 
council,  and  served  as  a  representative 
and  as  a  senator  in  the  state  legislature. 
He  died  May  25,  1815. 

GUROWSKI,  ADAM,  was  born  Sept.  10, 
1805,  in  Poland.  He  was  a  Polish  count 
who  came  to  the  United  States  in  1849, 
and  was  employed  as  a  translator  in  the 
state  department  at  Washington.  He  was 
the  author  of  A  Year  of  the  War  (1855); 


America  and  Europe;  Slavery  in  History; 
and  My  Diary.  He  died  May  4,  1866,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

GURTEEN,  STEPHEN  HUMPHREYS 
VILLIERS,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
in  1840  in  England.  He  is  an  episcopal 
clergyman  of  Buffalo,  Toledo  and  else 
where;  and  prominent  as  an  organizer  of 
charities.  He  is  the  author  of  Phases  of 
Charity;  Provident  Schemes;  What  Is 
Charity  Organization;  How  Paupers  Are 
Made;  Casuistry;  The  Arthurian  Epic; 
and  Epic  of  the  Fall  of  Man. 

GUSTAFSON,  AXEL— CARL  JOHAN— 
author,  was  born  about  1847  in  Sweden. 
He  is  a  Swedish  writer  who  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1868,  and  has  published 
The  Foundation  of  Death;  a  Study  of  the 
Drink  Question;  The  Drink  Problem;  and 
Some  Thoughts  on  Moderation. 

GUSTAFSON,  MRS.  ZADEL  (BARNES) 
(BUDDINGTON),  author,  poet,  was  born 
about  1841  in  Middletown,  Conn.  She  is 
the  author  of  Meg:  a  Pastoral  and  Other 
Poems;  Can  the  Old  Love?  a  novel;  and 
Genevieve  Ward,  a  Biography. 

GUSTINE,  AMOS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died 
March  3,  1844,  in  Lost  Creek  Valley,  Pa. 

GUTHEIM,  JAMES  KOPPEL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1817,  in 
Westphalia.  He  was  a  Jewish  clergyman 
of  New  Orleans  who  published  The  Tem 
ple  Pulpit,  a  volume  of  sermons;  and  a 
translation  of  Gratz's  History  of  the  Jews. 
He  died  May  11,  1886,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 
GUTHERZ,  CARL,  artist,  was  born  in 
1844,  in  Switzerland.  Since  1851  he  has 
resided  in  America,  and  has  become  noted 

as  a  painter  of  relig- 

^*-  £  ious      subjects.        A 

number  of  noted  por 
traits  mark  his  art 
istic  career,  and  one 
of  his  latest  works 
are  the  seven  panels 
in  the  ceiling  of  the 
congressional  read 
ing  rooms  in  the  li 
brary  of  congress, 
representing  the  Pic 
torial  Spectrum  of 
Light.  He  exhibited 
at  the  World's  Columbian  exposition  his 
Light  of  the  Incarnation,  a  medley  of 
angels  robed  in  all  colors. 

GUTHRIE,  ALFRED,  mechanical  en 
gineer,  was  born  April  1,  1805,  in  Sher- 
burne,  N.  Y.  In  1846  he  settled  in  Chi 
cago,  where  he  advanced  the  idea  of  sup 
plying  the  summit  level  of  the  Illinois 
and  Michigan  canal  with  water  by  raising 
it  from  Lake  Michigan  with  steam  power. 
The  hydraulic  works  of  this  canal  in  Chi 
cago  were  designed  by  him  and  construct 
ed  under  his  supervision.  He  died  Aug. 
17,  1882,  in  Chicago,  111. 

GUTHRIE.  EDWIN,  physician,  was 
born  Dec.  11,  1806,  in  Sherburne,  N.  Y. 
Soon  after  the  beginning  of  war  with 
Mexico,  he  raised  a  company  of  Iowa  vol 
unteers,  of  which  he  became  captain,  and 
went  to  the  seat  of  war.  He  died  July  20, 
1847,  in  Mexico. 

GUTHRIE,  JAMES,  lawyer,  banker, 
United  States  senator,  born  Dec.  5,  1792,  in 
Nelson  county,  Ky.  He  served  nine  years 
in  the  legislature  of  Kentucky,  and  six 
years  in  the  state  senate.  After  originat 
ing,  he  became  president  of  the  Louisville 
and  Nashville  railroad.  In  1853  he  went 
into  President  Pierce's  cabinet  as  secre 
tary  of  the  treasury,  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Chicago  convention  of  1864.  He 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Kentucky,  in  1865,  for  the  term  ending  in 
1871.  He  died  March  13,  1869,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky. 


GUTHRIE,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  July  2,  1829,  in 
Switzerland  county,  Ind.,  of  Scotch  par 
entage.  In  1856  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Logansport,  Ind.,  and  the  following 
year  was  elected  state's  attorney  for  Cass 
and  Miami  counties.  During  the  civil 
war  he  was  captain  of  company  B,  forty- 
sixth  regiment  Indiana  volunteer  infantry. 
In  1865  he  moved  to  Kansas,  and  in  1867- 
69  served  as  a  member  of  the  Kansas  leg 
islature  from  the  Topeka  district.  In  1872 
he  was  elected  presidential  elector  on  the 
republican  ticket,  and  as  messenger  of 
the  electoral  college  delivered  the  vote  of 
the  state  to  Schuyler  Colfax,  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  at  Washington. 
In  1872  and  in  1874  he  was  chairman  of 
the  republican  state  central  committee. 
During  1885-93  this  eminent  lawyer  served 
with  distinction  as  presiding  judge  of  the 
third  judicial  district  of  Kansas.  He  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  order, 
and  in  1876  was  elected  grand  master. 
Guthrie,  the  capital  of  Oklahoma  terri 
tory,  was  named  in  honor  of  the  Hon. 
John  Guthrie. 

GUTHRIE,  JOHN  JULIUS,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  in  1814  in  Washington,  D. 
C.  He  became  a  midshipman  in  1834, 
passed  midshipman  in  1838,  and  lieutenant 
in  1842,  and  served  in  the  Mexican  war. 
In  1861,  at  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war, 
he  resigned  his  commission  and  entered 
the  confederate  service.  He  died  in  No 
vember,  1877,  at  sea  near  Cape  Hatteras. 

GUTHRIE,  SAMUEL,  chemist,  invent 
or,  was  born  in  1782  in  Brimfield,  Mass. 
He  is  said  to  have  invented  and  first  man 
ufactured  percussion-pills,  which,  with 
caps,  have  entirely  superseded  the  old 
flint-lock  fire-arm.  He  died  Oct.  19,  1848, 
in  Sackett's  Harbor,  N.  Y. 

GUTHRIE,  WILLIAM  E.,  surgeon,  was 
born  July  26,  1857,  in  Abingdon,  111.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Illinois  Wes- 
leyan  university,  the  Rush  Medical  col 
lege  of  Chicago,  and  at  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  Berlin.  He 
was  county  physician  for  four  years,  sur 
geon  of  the  Lake  Erie  and  Western  rail 
road,  and  assistant  surgeon  of  the  Chicago 
and  Alton  railroad;  and  surgeon  of  the 
Deaconess  hospital  of  Bloomington,  111. 

GUY,  CHARLES  L.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1856,  in  New  York 
city.  He  nominated  David  B.  Hill  for 
governor  at  Saratoga  in  1874.  He  has 
served  as  a  member  of  the  New  York 
state  senate  from  the  thirteenth  district. 

GUY,  WILFRED  R.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Feb.  12,  1860,  in  Elkton,  Ohio. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Mount 
Union  college,  Ohio,  and  graduated  from 
the  university  of  Michigan  in  1887.  He 
has  attained  success  as  an  eminent  law 
yer  of  San  Diego,  Cal.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  California  state  legislature  during 
the  sessions  of  1895  and  1897,  and  during 
the  latter  session  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  ways  and  means,  and  was 
the  leader  of  the  republican  majority  of 
the  house.  While  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature  he  rendered  valuable  service  to  the 
cause  of  education  by  having  established 
the  State  Normal  school  of  San  Diego. 

GUY,  WILLIAM  E.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Dec.  22,  1844,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Since  1889  he  has  been  the  president  of 
the  St.  Louis  and  Eastern  railroad. 

GUYON,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1777  in  Richmond  county,  N.  Y. 
He  represented  Staten  Island  in  the  legis 
lature  of  New  York  a  number  of  years; 
and  was  a  member  of  congress  from  1819 
to  1821.  He  died  March  8,  1846,  on  Staten 
Island. 


432 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


GUYOT,  ARNOLD  HENRY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1807,  in  Swit 
zerland.  He  was  a  geographer  of  distinc 
tion  who  came  to  America  in  1849,  and 
from  1854  until  his  death  was  professor 
of  geography  at  Princeton  college.  He 
was  the  founder  of  the  Princeton  museum, 
and  the  author  of  Earth  and  Man;  Crea 
tion,  or  the  Biblical  Cosmogony  in  the 
Light  of  Modern  Science;  Physical  Geog 
raphy;  and  Social  Economy.  He  died  Feb. 
8,  1884,  at  Princeton,  N.  J. 

GWIN,  WILLIAM,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Dec.  5,  1832,  in  Columbus,  Ind.  He 
entered  the  navy  as  midshipman  in  1847, 
and  was  promoted  until  he  was  commis 
sioned  lieutenant  in  1855,  and  lieutenant- 
commander  in  1862.  He  died  Jan.  3,  1863, 
on  the  Yazoo  river,  Mississippi. 

GWIN,  WILLIAM  McKENDREE,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1805,  in  Sumner,  Tenn.  He  was 
,  appointed  United 
States  marshal  for 
Mississippi,  and  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from 
that  state,  serving 
from  1841  to  1843.  He 
was  commissioner  ot 
public  buildings  to 
superintend  the  erec 
tion  of  the  New  Or 
leans  custom  house. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  for 
framing  the  constitution  of  California, 
and  was  one  of  the  first  United  States  sen 
ators  from  that  state,  having  been  elected, 
in  1850,  for  six  years,  and  re-elected,  in 
3856,  for  the  term  which  expired  in  1861. 
He  died  Sept.  3,  1885,  in  New  York  city. 

GWINNETT,  BUTTON,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
about  1732  in  England.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1775  to 
1776,  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
declaration  of  independence.  In  1777  he 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  to  form 
a  state  constitution  for  Georgia.  He  was 
re-elected  to  congress,  but,  having  fought 
a  duel  with  General  Mclntosh,  was  mor 
tally  wounded,  and  died  May  27,  1777,  in 
Georgia. 

HABBERTON,  JOHN,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1842,  In  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  He  Is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city 
whose  first  book,  Helen's  Babies,  enjoyed 
a  popularity.  His  subsequent  writings  In 
clude  Other  People's  Children;  The  Bar 
ton  Experiment;  The  Jericho  Road;  Who 
Was  Paul  Grayson?  The  Scripture  Club  of 
Valley  Rest;  The  Bowsham  Puzzle;  Brue- 
ton's  Bayou;  Country  Luck;  Grown-Up 
Babies;  Life  of  Washington;  Some  Folks; 
My  Mother-in-Law;  Mrs.  Mayburn's 
Twins;  The  Worst  Boy  in  Town;  The 
Chautauquans;  All  He  Knew;  Honey  and 
nail;  and  The  Lucky  Lover. 

HABERSHAM,  ALEXANDER  WYLLY, 
naval  officer,  merchant,  author,  was  born 
March  24,  1826,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  a  naval  officer  who  in  later  life  was 
a  tea  merchant  in  Japan, and  the  author  of 
My  Last  Cruise,  an  Account  of  the  United 
States  North  Pacific  Exploring  Expedi 
tion.  He  died  March  26,  1883,  in  Balti 
more,  Md. 

H. \HERSHAM,  JAMES,  educator,  mer 
chant,  statesman,  was  born  in  1712  In 
England.  In  1767  he  was  one  of  the  presi 
dents  of  the  upper  house  of  assembly, 
and  in  1769-72  he  officiated  as  governor 
during  the  absence  of  Sir  James  Wright. 
He  raised  at  Bethesda  the  first  cotton  in 
the  state.  He  died  Aug.  28,  1775,  In  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J. 


HABERSHAM,  JOHN,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1754  in  Savannah, 
Ga.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  regi 
ment  ever  formed  in  Georgia;  member  of 
the  continental  congress  in  1785  and  1786; 
and  collector  of  the  port  of  Savannah  from 
1789  to  1799.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1799,  near 
Savannah,  Ga. 

HABERSHAM,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  28,  1751,  in  Sa 
vannah,  Ga.  He  served  with  distinction 
in  the  revolutionary 
war  as  a  lieutenant- 
colonel.  He  was  a 
delegate  from 
Georgia  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  from 
1785  to  1786;  and  a 
member  of  the  state 
assembly.  He  was 
appointed  postmast 
er-general  in  1795, 
and,  having  been 
continued  in  office 
by  Presidents  Ad 
ams  and  Jefferson,  resigned  in  1802,  when 
he  became  a  president  of  the  branch  bank 
of  the  United  States  at  Savannah,  which 
he  held  until  his  death.  He  died  Nov.  17, 
1815,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

HABERSHAM,  RICHARD  WYLLY, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1786  in 
Savannah,  Ga.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Georgia  from  1839  to 
1843.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1842,  in  Clarkesville, 
Ga. 

HACKETT,  HORATIO  BALCH,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1808,  in 
Salisbury,  Mass.  He  was  a  baptist  cler 
gyman,  professor  at  Newton  seminary, 
Massachusetts,  in  1839-70,  and  from  1870 
till  his  death  professor  in  Rochester  semi 
nary,  New  York.  He  was  one  of  the 
American  revisers  of  the  Bible,  and  editor 
of  Smith's  Bible  Dictionary.  A  Com 
mentary  on  the  Original  Text  of  the  Acts 
of  the  Apostles  is  his  chief  work.  Others 
are,  Memorials  of  Christian  Men  in  the 
War;  and  Illustrations  of  Scripture  by  a 
Tour  in  the  Holy  Land.  He  died  Nov.  2, 
1875,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

HACKETT,  THOMAS  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Georgia.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
committee  on  Indian  affairs.  He  died  Oct. 
8,  1851,  in  Marietta,  Ga. 

HACKLEMAN,  ELIJAH,  educator,  state 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1817,  in  Frank 
lin  county,  Ind.  In  1874  he  was  elected  to 
the  Indiana  state  senate. 

HACKLEMAN,  PLEASANT  AD  AM,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was 
born  Nov.  15,  1814,  in  Franklin  county, 
Ind.  In  1837  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
probate  court  of  Rush  county,  which  office 
he  held  till  1841,  when  he  was  elected 
to  the  Indiana  state  house  of  representa 
tives.  He  was  made  a  brigadier-general 
in  1862.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
battle  of  Corinth,  where  he  was  killed  on 
the  second  day.  He  died  Oct.  4,  1862,  near 
Corinth,  Miss. 

HACKLEY,  AARON,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  legislature  in 
1814,  1815,  and  1818;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1819  to  1821. 

HACKLEY,  CHARLES  ELIHU,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1836,  in 
Unadilla,  N.  Y.  He  was  surgeon  in  the 
second  United  States  cavalry  in  1861-64, 
and  was  surgeon-in-chief  of  the  third  cav 
alry  division,  army  of  the  Potomac.  He 
has  translated  Stellwag's  Diseases  of  the 
Eye;  Nlemeyer's  Practical  Medicine;  and 
Billroth's  Surgical  Pathology. 


HACKLEY,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  March 
9,  1809,  in  Herkimer  county,  N.  Y.  He  was 
an  episcopal  clergyman  who  was  profes 
sor  of  mathematics  at  Columbia  college 
from  1843  until  his  death;  and  the  author 
of  Treatise  on  Algebra;  Elementary 
Course  in  Geometry;  and  Elements  of 
Trigonometry.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1861,  in 
New  York  city. 

HACKNEY,  EDWARD  T.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1870,  in  Mt. 
Pulaski,  111.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Wellington,  Kan.;  and  in  1897  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  leg 
islature. 

HADDEN.  ALEXANDER,  physician, 
was  born  July  24,  1833,  in  Montgomery, 
N.  Y.  He  studied  medicine  in  New  York 
city,  and  in  1859  graduated  from  the  Col 
lege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  with  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  He  then  served  one  term 
as  a  member  of  the  house  staff  of  the 
Bellevue  hospital,  and  then  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  New  York 
city.  He  has  been  connected  with  some 
of  the  leading  hospitals,  and  for  thirty 
years  has  been  connected  with  the  North 
Eastern  dispensary,  of  which  he  was  one 
of  the  organizers. 

HADDOCK,  CHARLES  BRICKETT,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  June  20,  1796,  in 
Franklin,  N.  H.;  a  nephew  of  D.  Webster. 
He  was  a  professor  of  rhetoric  at  Dart 
mouth  college  in  1819-50,  and  charge 
d'affaires  in  Portugal  in  1850-54.  He  or 
iginated  the  railway  system  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  also  the  system  of  com 
mon  schools  in  that  state.  His  Addresses 
and  Miscellaneous  Writings  appeared  in 
1846.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1861,  in  West  Leb 
anon,  N.  H. 

HADDOCK,  GEORGE  CHANNING, 
clergyman,  journalist,  poet,  was  born  Jan. 
23,  1832,  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.  While 
endeavoring  to  enforce  the  prohibi 
tion  laws  of  Iowa  he  was  assassinat 
ed  in  Sioux  City.  He  published  sev 
eral  fugitive  poems  that  became  popu 
lar,  including  Autumn  Leaves;  The 
Skeleton  Guest;  and  The  Cross  of  Gold. 
His  Life  was  published  by  his  son  in  1887. 
He  died  Aug.  3,  1886,  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
HADLEY,  ARTHUR  TWINING,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  April  23,  1856, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  has  been  a 
professor  of  political  science  at  Yale  uni 
versity  since  1886.  He  is  the  author  of 
Private  Property  and  Public  Welfare: 
Railroad  Transportation,  Its  History  and 
Laws;  and  Report  on  the  System  of 
Weekly  Payments. 

HADLEY,  HIRAM,  educator,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  March  17, 
1833,  in  Clinton  county,  Ohio.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Friends'  acad 
emy,  Friends'  boarding  school,  Earlham 
college,  and  Haverford  college.  With  the 
exception  of  ten  years  with  the  pub 
lishing  house  of  Charles  Scribner  and 
Company,  Prof.  Hadley  has  been  an  active 
educator.  He  has  served  Wayne  county. 
Ind.,  as  a  county  examiner  for  several 
years;  organized  and  conducted  the  first 
long  Teachers'  institute  in  Indiana;  was 
active  in  developing  Indiana's  school  sys 
tem;  and  has  been  a  pioneer  in  many 
good  educational  movements.  He  has 
been  principal  of  several  academies;  for 
six  years  was  president  of  the  New  Mexico 
college  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts; 
and  since  1894  has  been  acting  president 
of  the  university  of  New  Mexico.  He  is 
the  author  of  Hadley's  Lessons  in  Lan 
guage,  and  other  works. 

HADLEY,  HORACE  L.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  May  7,  1837,  in  Sandwich, 
N.  H.  During  1882  he  was  representative 
in  the  Ohio  state  legislature  from  Fay- 
ette  county. 


KRRINOBHAW'8    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    RUH1KA1MI  Y. 


433 


HADLEY,  JAMES,  philologist,  author, 
was  born  March  30,  1821,  in  Fail-field,  N. 
Y.  He  was  a  philologist  who  was  Greek 
professor  at  Yale  university  in  1848-72; 
and  the  author  of  Lectures  on  Roman 
Law;  A  Greek  Grammar;  Elements  of 
the  Greek  Language;  Essays,  Philological 
and  Critical;  and  Brief  History  of  the 
English  Language.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1872, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

HADLEY,  WILLIAM  F.  L.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  15,  1847,  near  Collinsville,  111.  In 
1886  he  was  elected  as  a  republican  to  the 
state  senate.  He  has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  all  matters  tending  to  ad 
vance  the  interests  of  the  republican 
party;  has  been  a  delegate  to  the  various 
conventions  of  his  party,  and  was  one  of 
the  four  delegates  at  large  from  Illinois 
to  the  republican  national  convention  at 
Chicago  in  1888  which  nominated  Benja 
min  Harrison.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 

HADLOCK,  WILLIAM  EDWIN,  soldier, 
merchant,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  26, 
•1834,  in  Cranberry  Isles,  Maine.  He  served 
in  the  war  as  lieutenant-colonel;  was 
twice  elected  state  senator  from  Hancock 
county. 

HADSALL,  HENRY  S.,  educator,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1858, 
in  Batavia,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  of  Owosso,  Mich.;  and  during  1897- 
98  served  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  senate. 

HAENSLER,  ARMINTA  VICTORIA 
SCOTT,  physician,  lecturer,  author,  was 
born  July  27.  1842.  in  Kinsman,  Ohio.  She 

received    her    educa- 

!  tion  at  the  Kinsman 
academy,  Western 
Reserve  seminary; 
and  was  a  graduate 
of  Oberlin  college, 
and  the  Woman's 
Medical  college  of 
Pennsylvania.  She 
has  been  resident 
physician  to  the 
Mission  hospital; 
gynaecologist  to  the 
Stockton  sanitarium; 
consulting  gynaecologist  to  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Asylum  for  the  Insane;  and  con 
sulting  physician  to  the  Woman's  Chris 
tian  association.  She  has  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  lecturer  to  the  Woman's  Chris 
tian  association;  and  lecturer  to  the 
Working  Women's  club. 

HAFER,  GEORGE,  railroad  president. 
Since  1885  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Cincinnati.  Lebanon  and  Northern  rail 
way. 

HAFFORD,  FERRIS  S.,  educator,  lec 
turer,  poet,  was  born  March  23,  1857,  In 
Fremont.  Ohio.  In  1884  he  was  called 
to  fill  the  chair  of  mathematics  in  Battle 
Creek  college,  Michigan.  He  next  made  a 
tour  through  western  Michigan  and  north 
ern  Ohio,  lecturing  on  science.  In  1893 
he  received  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  arts. 
He  was  connected  with  the  Milton  acad 
emy  in  the  state  of  Oregon,  and  is  now 
professor  of  Greek  in  the  college  of 
Healdsburg,  California.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  The  Revel 
lers. 

HAGA,  GODFREY,  philanthropist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1745,  in  Wur- 
temberg.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Phila 
delphia  city  council  in  1797-1800;  and  of 
the  Pennsylvania  legislature  in  1800-1. 
He  bequeathed  an  estate  valued  at  $350,- 
000  to  charitable  purposes.  He  died  Feb. 
5.  1825,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

28 


HAGANS,  JOHN  MARSHALL,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1838,  in 
Brandonville,  Va.  He  was  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  for 
Monongalia  county, 
W.  Va.,  in  1862;  was 
re-elected  in  1863 
and  1864,  and  again 
in  1870.  He  was  ap 
pointed  law  reporter 
of  the  supreme  court 
of  appeals  of  West 
Virginia  in  1864,  and 
held  the  position  un 
til  1873.  He  was  the 
elector  on  the  repub 
lican  ticket  for  the 
second  congressional  district  during  the 
presidential  contest  in  1868;  and  was 
elected  a  delegate  for  the  county  of  Mon 
ongalia  to  the  convention  which  framed 
the  present  constitution  of  West  Virginia 
in  1871.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third 
congress  in  1872,  as  a  republican. 

HAGAR,  GEORGE  .!..  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1847,  in  Newark,  N.  .1. 
He  was  news  editor  of  Frank  Leslie's  Il 
lustrated  Newspaper  for  fifteen  years.  He 
contributed  to  Appleton's  Encyclopaedia 
of  American  Biography  in  1886  and  1888; 
was  associate  editor  of  the  Columbian  En 
cyclopedia  from  1888  to  1893;  and  one 
of  the  editorial  revisers  of  Johnson's  Uni 
versal  Encyclopaedia  from  1893  to  1895. 
He  compiled  the  greater  part  of  The  His 
tory  of  the  United  States  in  Chronological 
Order;  edited  The  Columbian  Annual  for 
1892:  compiled  the  Living  Topics  Cyclo 
paedia  in  1886;  and  since  1886  has  con 
tributed  American  obituaries  and  other 
articles  in  Appleton's  Annual  Encyclo 
pedia. 

HAGEMAN,  SAMUEL  MILLER,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1848  in 
New  Jersey.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  who  has  published  Once,  a  novel: 
and  several  volumes  of  poems,  including 
Vesper  Voices:  Greenwood  and  Other 
Poems;  Silence:  and  Saint  Paul. 

HAGEMEYER,  GEORGE,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  was  born  in  1837.  He  was 
the  pioneer  hardwood  lumber  merchant 
of  New  York  city.  He  died  June  14.  1892, 
in  Cornwall,  N.  Y. 

HAGEN,  HERMANN  AUGUST,  entom 
ologist,  author,  was  born  in  1817.  He  was 
an  entomologist  of  prominence  who  came 
to  Cambridge  from  Konigsberg  in  1870, 
and  was  professor  of  comparative  zoology 
at  Harvard  university.  He  is  the  author 
of  Catalogue  of  Neuropterous  Insects  in 
the  British  Museum;  Synopsis  of  the 
Neuroptera  of  North  America;  North 
American  Astacidae:  and  Some  Insect  De 
formities.  He  died  in  1893. 

HAGEN,  THEODOR  VON,  musician, 
author,  was  born  April  15,  1823,  in  Ger 
many.  He  was  a  musician  who  came  to 
New  York  city  from  Germany  in  1854; 
and  was  the  author  of  Civilisation  und 
Musik;  and  Musikalische  Novellen.  He 
died  Dec.  27,  1871,  in  New  York  city. 

HAGER,  A.  L.,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1850,  near 
Jamestown,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Iowa  state  senate;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

HAGER.  ALBERT  DAVID,  geologist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1817,  in  Vermont. 
He  was  a  geologist;  and  since  1877  librari 
an  of  the  Chicago  Historical  society.  He 
was  the  author  of  Geology  of  Vermont; 
and  Economic  Geology  of  Vermont.  He 
died  July  29,  1888,  in  Chicago,  111. 

HAGER,  JOHN  SHARPENSTEIN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  March  12,  1818,  in  Morris  county, 
N.  .T.  He  moved  to  California  in  1849:  and 


in  1852  was  elected  to  the  state  senate, 
and  served  two  years.  In  1855  he  was 
elected  state  judge  for  the  district  of  San 
Francisco,  and  served  six  years.  In  1865 
and  in  1867  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  and  served  six  years;  and  in  1871 
was  elected  a  regent  of  the  university  of 
California.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1874-75  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

HAGER,  MRS.  LUCIE  CAROLINE 
LGILSONJ,  author,  was  born  in  1853  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  a  Massachusetts 
writer  who  has  published  Boxborough,  a 
New  England  Town  and  Its  People. 

HAGER,  PETER  V.,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  28,  1815,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
served  with  distinction  in  the  Mexican 
and  civil  wars,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general. 

HAGERMAN,  JAMES  J.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  1838  in  Canada.  He  is 
president  of  the  Pecos  Valley  railway  at 
Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

HAGERT.  HENRY  SCHEI.L,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  May  2,  1826,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  noted  lawyer  of  Phila 
delphia;  and  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
Poems,  with  Memoir  by  C.  A.  Lagen. 
He  died  Dec.  18,  1885,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HAGGARD,  ALFRED  MARTIN,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  April  11,  1851,  near  Cedar  Rapids, 
Iowa.  For  twenty  years  he  has  been  a 
clergyman,  and  in  1889-92  was  president 
of  the  Oskaloosa  college. 

HAGNER,  A.  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  July  13,  1826,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  settled  in  Annapolis,  Md.,  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law:  and  in  1850  was  judge-advo 
cate  of  a  naval  court  of  inquiry.  In  1864 
he  was  a  special  judge  in  Prince  George's 
county,  Md.;  and  in  1876  was  judge-advo 
cate  of  a  general  court  martial  held  at 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  In  1854  he  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Maryland  legislature; 
and  in  1879  was  appointed  an  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

HAGOOD,  JOHNSON,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  1771  in  West  Virginia.  He  practiced 
law  until  1813,  and  attained  note  in  his 
profession.  He  also  devoted  much  atten 
tion  to  natural  sciences,  was  interested 
in  the  study  of  electricity  and  galvanism. 
He  died  in  1816  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

HAGUE,  ARNOLD,  geologist,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1840,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  a  geologist  in  the  government  ser 
vice;  and  the  author  of  Volcanoes  of  Cali 
fornia,  Oregon,  and  Washington;  Vol 
canic  Rocks  of  th4  Great  Basin;  Nevada, 
with  Notes  on  the  Geology  of  the  District; 
Volcanic  Rocks  of  Salvador;  and  Crystal 
lization  in  the  Igneous  Rocks  of  Washoe. 

HAGUE,  JAMES  DUNCAN,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1836,  In 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  an  engineer  attached 
to  the  United  States  geological  survey 
who  has  published  a  work  on  Mining  In 
dustry. 

HAGUE,  MRS.  PARTHENIA  ANTOIN 
ETTE  [VARDAMAN],  author,  was  born 
in  1838  in  Georgia.  She  is  a  Florida  writ 
er;  and  the  author  of  A  Blockaded  Fam 
ily;  and  Life  in  Southern  Alabama  during 
the  Civil  War. 

HAGUE,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  4,  1808,  in  Pelham,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Boston  and 
elsewhere.  He  was  the  author  of  Chris 
tianity  and  Statesmanship;  The  Baptist 
Church  Transplanted  from  the  Old  World 
to  the  New;  Guide  to  Conversion;  Home 
Life;  Authority  of  the  Christian  Sabbath; 
Self-Witnessing  Character  of  the  New 
Testament;  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson;  and 
Life  Notes,  or  Fifty  Years'  Outlook.  He 
died  Aug.  1,  1887,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


434 


HKKRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


HAHN,  EMIL,  musician,  composer,  was 
born  in  September,  1854,  in  St.  Joseph, 
Mo.  He  is  a  successful  musician  of  Bur 
lington,  Iowa;  and  is  the  author  of 
an  operetta  and  a  number  of  songs.  He  is 
also  the  author  of  several  instrumental 
compositions  for  the  piano,  the  most 
notable  of  which  is  The  Forest  Flower 
Waltzes. 

HAHN,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1815  to  1817. 

HAHN,  MICHAEL,  soldier,  lawyer, 
journalist,  congressman,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1830,  in 
Bavaria,  Germany.  During  the  civil  war 
he  served  in  the  union  cause;  was  elected 
to  congress  in  1862;  was  inaugurated 
governor  in  1864;  and  in  1865  became  a 
United  States  senator.  In  1867  he  was  the 
organizer  and  the  chief  editor  of  the  New 
Orleans  Republican.  He  has  been  super 
intendent  of  the  United  States  mint  in 
New  Orleans;  and  in  1876  became  judge 
of  the  twenty-sixth  judicial  circuit;  and 
was  a  representative  in  the  thirty-ninth 
congress.  He  died  March  15,  1886. 

HAIDT,  JOHN  VALENTINE,  artist 
and  evangelist,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1700,  in 
Germany.  When  he  was  forty  years  of 
age  he  united  with  the  Moravian  church 
and  devoted  himself  to  painting  portraits 
of  its  clergymen  and  other  pictures,  the 
majority  of  which  represented  scriptural 
incidents.  He  died  Jan.  18,  1780,  in  Beth 
lehem,  Pa. 

HAIGHT,  CHARLES,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1838,  at 
Colt's  Neck,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  to  the 
New  Jersey  legislature  in  1861  and  1862, 
and  was  chosen  speaker  in  the  latter 
year.  He  was  commissioned  a  brigadier- 
general  of  militia  in  1861,  and  rendered 
effective  service  in  raising  troops  for  tne 
war.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  fortieth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
first  congress  as  a  democrat. 

HAIGHT,  CHARLES  C.,  architect.  He 
designed  the  new  buildings  of  Columbia 
college  and  the  General  Theological  semi 
nary. 

HAIGHT,  EDWARD,  merchant,  banker, 
Congressman,  was  born  March  26,  1817,  In 
New  York  city.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress,  serving  on  the 
committee  on  manufactures. 

HAIGHT,  FLETCHER  M.,  jurist.  He 
was  an  emigrant  to  California;  and  was 
appointed  United  States  judge  for  that 
district. 

HAIGHT,  HENRY  HUNTLEY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
May  20,  1805,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He 
graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  1844,  stud 
ied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  of 
St.  Louis  in  1846.  He 
settled  to  practice 
law  in  San  Francisco 
in  1850;  was  ap 
pointed  United 
States  district  judge 
of  California,  by 
President  Lincoln; 
and  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  California 
in  1867,  serving  until  1871.  He  died  Sept. 
2,  1878,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

HAIGHT,  THERON  WILDER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  the  state  of  New  York. 
He  Is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Waukesha, 
Wis. ;  for  many  years  a  justice  of  the 
peace;  and  has  been  secretary  of  the 
Wisconsin  stato  board  of  charities  and 
reforms. 


HAILE,  WILLIAM,   congressman,    was 
born  in  1797.     He  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  Mississippi  from  1826  to  1828. 
He  died  March  7,  1837,  in  Woodville,  Misb. 

HAILEY,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  29,  1835,  in  Smith  county,  Tenn. 
He  was  elected  delegate  from  Idaho  to 
the  forty-third  congress;  in  1880  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  legislative  coun 
cil  of  Idaho,  and  was  president  of  the 
council;  and  in  1884  was  elected  dele 
gate  from  Idaho  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

HAIN,  HARRY  H.,  journalist,  was  born 
in  1873  near  Liverpool,  Pa.  He  has  filled 
many  positions  of  trust;  and  is  a  prom 
inent  member  of  various  fraternal  orders, 
and  is  now  the  editor  of  The  Record  of 
Duncannon,  Pa. 

HAINER,  EUGENE  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1851,  in  Hun 
gary.  He  moved  to  Aurora,  Neb.,  in  1877, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-third  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

HAINES,  ALANSON  AUSTIN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  18,  1830, 
in  Hamburg,  N.  J.  In  1873  he  was  ap 
pointed  engineer  of  the  Palestine  Explor 
ation  society,  and  in  that  capacity  visited 
the  Holy  Land,  Egypt,  and  Turkey,  mak 
ing  maps,  sketches  of  oriental  scenery, 
and  transcripts  of  rock  inscriptions.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  History  of  the  Fifteenth 
Regiment  of  New  Jersey  Volunteers. 

HAINES,  CHARLES  D.,  railroad  build 
er,  congressman,  was  born  June  9,  1856,  in 
Medusa,  N,  Y.  He  was  president  of  and 
built  the  only  two  street  railway  systems 
in  the  state  of  Vermont;  and  is  now  or 
has  been  president  of  eighteen  street  and 
steam  railway  companies.  In  1888  h«  lo 
cated  in  Kinderhook,  and  built  the  Kind- 
erhook  and  Hudson  railway.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

HAINES,  DANIEL,  jurist,  governor, 
was  born  Jan.  6,  1801,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  elected  governor  of  New  Jersey  in 
1843,  serving  one  year;  and  in  1848  was 
again  elected,  and  continued  in  office  until 
1851.  He  afterward  served  as  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court.  He  died  Jan.  26,  1877, 
in  Hamburg,  N.  J. 

HAINES,  RICHARD  TOWNLEY,  mer 
chant,  was  born  May  21,  1795,  in  Eliza 
beth,  N.  J.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  American  Tract  society.  He  was 
the  first  president  of  the  board  of  trustees 
of  the  Union  Theological  seminary  in 
New  York  city.  He  died  Aug.  21,  1870,  in 
Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

HAINES,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  sol 
dier,  mathematician,  was  born  Oct.  26, 
1827,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  was  as 
sistant  professor  of  mathematics  in  West 
Point;  and  major  and  brevet  brigadier- 
general  in  the  United  States  army  in 
1865.  He  died  Aug.  14,  1883,  in  Hartford, 
Conn. 

HAIRE,  NORMAN  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  24,  1855,  in  Columbia,  Mich. 
He  served  as  prosecuting  attorney  of  his 
county  for  four  years;  and  since  1891  has 
been  circuit  judge  at  Ironwood,  Mich. 

HAISH,  JACOB,  merchant,  inventor, 
was  born  March  9,  1826,  in  Germany.  He 
has  about  thirty  patents  of  various  kinds, 
many  of  them  relating  to  fence  wire.  The 
Haish  Manufacturing  Co.,  of  which  he  is 
controlling  owner,  is  now  an  important 
industry  of  De  Kalb,  111. 

HALDEMAN,  RICHARD  J.,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  May  19,  1831,  In 
Harrisburg,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-first  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 


HALDEMAN,  SAMUEL  STEHMAN, 
philologist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  12, 
1812,  in  Locust  Grove,  Pa.  He  was  a  pro 
fessor  of  compara 
tive  philology  in  the 
university  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1869-81. 
He  was  the  author 
-of  Zoological  Con 
tributions;  Analytic 
al  Orthog  raphy; 
Word  -Building; 
Tours  of  a  Chess 
Knight;  Elements  of 
Latin  Pronuncia 
tion;  Pennsylvania 
Dutch;  Outlines  of 
Etymology:  Affixes  in  Their  Origin  and 
Application:  and  Rhymes  of  the  Poets 
He  died  in  1880. 

HALDERMAN,  JOHN  ADAMS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  April 
15,  1833,  was  brought  up  and  educated  to 
the  bar  of  Kentucky,  whence  he  emigrat 
ed  to  Kansas  in  1854.  In  his  new  home  he 
opposed  slavery,  and  was  successively 
judge  of  the  probate  court,  mayor  of  the 
city  of  Leavenworth  two  terms,  member 
of  the  house  of  representatives,  state  sen 
ator,  and  regent  of  the  state  university. 
He  was  major  of  the  first  regiment  of  in 
fantry,  and  major-general  of  the  Kansas 
state  forces  in  active  service  on  the  union 
side  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  and 
attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 
After  the  war  he  traveled  extensively  in 
western  Europe,  Greece,  Turkey,  Egypt, 
and  the  Holy  Land.  In  1880  he  was  ap 
pointed  consul  at  Bangkok,  and  subse 
quently  promoted  to  the  post  of  consul- 
general  by  President  Garfleld.  In  1882  he 
was  further  advanced  to  the  station  of 
minister  resident  in  Siam. 

HALE,  ANNE  GARDNER,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  2,  1823,  in  Newburyport, 
Mass.  She  has  attained  a  national  repu 
tation  as  a  poet;  and  is  the  author  of 
several  prose  works,  and  a  volume  of 
poems. 

HALE,  ARTEMAS,  manufacturer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  20. 
1783,  in  Winchendon,  Mass.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  legislature  for  sev 
eral  years,  and  a  state  senator  in  1833 
and  1834.  In  1853  he  was  a  member  of 
the  state  constitutional  convention;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1845  to  1849.  In  1864 
he  was  a  presidential  elector. 

HALE,  BENJAMIN,  educator,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1797. 
in  Newburyport,  Mass.  In  1818  he  grad 
uated  from  Bowdoin 
college,  and  subse 
quently  filled  the 
chair  of  mathematics 
and  natural  philos 
ophy  in  that  insti 
tution.  In  1827  he 
became  professor  of 
chemistry  and  phar 
macy  in  Dartmouth 
college.  In  1836  he 
was  elected  presi 
dent  of  Geneva  col 
lege  in  western  New 
York,  and  for  ten  years  filled  that  posi 
tion  with  honor.  He  was  the  author  of 
Introduction  to  the  Mechanical  Principles 
of  Carpentry;  Scriptural  Illustrations  of 
the  Liturgy;  Education  in  Its  Relations 
to  a  Free  Government;  and  Historical 
Notices  of  Geneva  College.  He  died  July 
15,  1863,  in  Newburyport,  Mass. 

HALE,  CHARLES,  journalist,  public  of 
ficial,  was  born  June  7,  1831,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  He  was  United  States  consul  to 
Egypt  from  1864  to  1870;  and  was  assist 
ant  secretary  of  state  from  1872  to  1874 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


435 


HALE,  CHARLES  REUBEN,  bishop, 
coadjutor,  of  Springfield,  111.,  was  born 
March  14,  1837,  in  Lewiston,  Pa.  In  1886 
he  was  appointed  dean  of  Davenport.  In 
1892  he  was  consecrated  bishop  coadjutor 
of  Springfield.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Mozarabic  Liturgy;  The  Universal  Epis 
copate;  and  Speeches  and  Addresses. 

HALE,  DAVID,  journalist,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  April  25,  1791,  in  Lisbon, 
Conn.  He  became  the  associate  editor 
and  subsequently  joint  proprietor  with 
Gerald  Hallock  of  the  New  York  Journal 
of  Commerce.  He  contributed  largely  to 
benevolent  and  religious  enterprises,  arid 
for  many  years  supported  several  mission 
aries.  He  died  Jan.  25,  1849,  in  Freder- 
icksburg,  Va. 

HALE,  EDWARD  EVERETT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  3,  1822,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  prominent  urii- 
tarian  clergyman  of  Boston,  widely  known 
as  a  writer,  whose  literary  activity  cov 
ers  a  wide  field.  Since  1856  he  has  been 
pastor  of  the  South  Congregational  church 
of  Boston.  As  a  writer  of  short  stories 
he  will,  perhaps,  be  longest  remembered, 
his  work  in  this  direction  including  The 
Man  Without  a  Country;  Ten  Times  One 
Is  Ten;  In  His  Name;  Mrs.  Merriam's 
Scholars;  His  Level  Best;  The  Ingham 
Papers;  Four  and  Five;  Crusoe  in  New 
York;  Christmas  Eve  and  Christmas  Day; 
Christmas  in  Narragansett;  Our  Christ 
mas  in  a  Palace.  Longer  essays  in  fiction 
are,  Margaret  Percival  in  America;  Mr. 
Tangier's  Vacations;  Ups  and  Downs; 
Philip  Nolan's  Friends;  The  Fortunes  of 
Rachel.  Other  works  of  his  are,  Sketches 
in  Christian  History;  Kansas  and  Ne 
braska;  How  to  Do  It;  What  Career?; 
Gone  to  Texas;  Seven  Spanish  Cities; 
June  to  May,  a  collection  of  sermons; 
Boys'  Heroes;  The  Story  of  Massachu 
setts;  Sybaris  and  Other  Homes;  Sunday- 
School  Stories  on  the  Golden  Texts  of 
1889;  For  Fifty  Years,  a  collection  of 
poems;  A  New  England  Boyhood,  an 
autobiographic  work;  Chautauquan  His 
tory  of  the  United  States;  and  If  Jesus 
Came  to  Boston. 

HALE,  EDWIN  MOSES,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1829,  in  Newport, 
N.  H.  He  is  a  Chicago  physician,  pro 
fessor  in  the  Homoeopathic  college;  and 
the  author  of  Pocket  Manual  of  Domestic 
Practice;  Homoeopathic  Materia  Medica; 
Treatment  of  Diseases  of  Women;  and 
Treatise  on  Cerebro-Spinal  Meningitis. 

HALE,  ELLEN  DAY,  artist,  was  born 
Feb.  11,  1855,  in  Worcester,  Mass.  She 
has  traveled  in  Spain  and  Italy,  and  has 
resided  in  Paris  and  in  London.  Her  pres 
ent  home  is  in  Boston,  where  she  has  at 
tained  success  in  art. 

HALE,  ENOCH,  physician,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  19,  1790,  in  Westhampton,  Mass. 
He  was  a  physician  in  Boston;  and  the 
author  of  History  of  the  Spotted  Fever 
at  Gardiner.  Maine,  in  1814;  and  Typhoid 
Fever.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1848,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

HALE,  EUGENE,  lawyer,  congressman. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  June  9, 
1836,  in  Turner,  Maine.  He  was  appoint 
ed  attorney  for  Hancock  county,  Maine, 
and  was  three  times  reappointed.  In  1866 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature, 
serving  two  years.  In  1868  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Maine  to  the  forty- 
first  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-second,  forty-third,  and  forty-fourth 
cohgresses.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fifth  congress.  He  was  elected  a 
United  States  senator  from  Maine  for  the 
term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1881;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1887  and  1893.  His  term 
expires  in  1899. 


HALE,  FRANKLIN  D.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  March  7,  1854,  in  Bar- 
nett,  Vt.  He  was  educated  at  Northfield 
high  school  and  St.  Johnsbury  academy, 
and  graduated  from  the  law  department 
of  Michigan  university  in  1877,  afterward 
practicing  law  at  Lewiston,  Maine.  He 
was  state's  attorney  for  Essex  county 
from  1883-91,  with  the  exception  of  one 
term.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of 
representatives  in  1884,  and  of  the  sen 
ate  in  1886;  was  elected  auditor  of  Ver 
mont  in  1892,  and  re-elected  in  1894  and 
1896.  In  1881  he  settled  In  Lunenburg, 
Vt.,  where  he  has  attained  success  as  an 
able  lawyer. 

HALE,  GEORGE  SILSBEE,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1825,  in  Keene, 
N.  H.  He  was  the  editor  of  the  sixteenth, 
seventeenth  and  eighteenth  volumes  of  the 
United  States  Digest.  He  has  written  Me 
moirs  of  Joel  Parker. 

HALE,  HORATIO,  lawyer,  ethnologist, 
author,  was  born  May  3,  1817,  in  Newport. 
N.  H.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  ethnologist 
of  prominence  who  lived  in  Clinton,  On 
tario,  from  1856.  He  was  the  author  of 
Ethnology  and  Philology;  Indian  Migra 
tions  as  Evidenced  by  Language;  and  Re 
port  on  the  Blackfeet  Tribes.  He  has 
edited  the  Iroquois  Book  of  Rites. 

HALE,  JAMES  T.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  October,  1810,  in 
Bradford  county,  Pa.  In  1851  he  was  ap 
pointed  president  judge  of  the  twentieth 
judicial  district  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1858 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress: 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh 
and  thirty-eighth  congresses.  He  died 
April  7,  1865,  in  Bellefonte,  Pa. 

HALE,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  June  3,  1636,  in  Charlestown,  Mass. 
During  the  Salem  witchcraft  trials  in 
1692  he  attended  the  examinations  of  the 
accused  persons,  and  approved  of  the  ju 
dicial  murders  resulting  from  the  charges. 
He  afterward  published  A  Modest  Inquiry 
into  the  Nature  of  Witchcraft.  He  died 
May  15,  1700. 

HALE,  JOHN  BLACKWELL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  27, 
1831,  in  Hancock  county,  W.  Va.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  Missouri  legisla 
ture  from  1856  to  1858;  and  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  Missouri  in  1860.  He 
was  colonel  of  the  sixty-fifth  regiment 
Missouri  militia,  and  of  the  fourth  pro 
visional  regiment  of  Missouri  militia  in 
tne  United  States  service  during  the  civil 
war.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

HALE,  JOHN  PARKER,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
1806,  in  Rochester,  N.  H.  In 
1832  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  legisla 
ture;  in  1834  was  ap 
pointed  district  at 
torney  for  New 
Hampshire,  and  re- 
~1^B  f  appointed  by  Presi- 
£•1  *  dent  Van  Buren.  In 
i  1843  he  was  elected 
a  representative  In 
congress;  and  in 
1846  was  again  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legis 
lature,  and  chosen 
speaker.  In  1847  he  was  elected  a  senator 
in  congress,  and  after  serving  until  1853 
was  again  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  in  1855;  and  in  1859  was  re-elected  for 
the  term  ending  in  1865.  In  1852  he  was 
the  free-soil  candidate  for  vice-president 
of  the  United  States.  In  1865  he  was  ap- 


March  31, 


pointed  minister  to  Spain.  He  died  Nov. 
18,  1873,  in  Dover,  N.  H. 

HALE,  LUCRETIA  PEABODY,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1820,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
She  is  a  writer  who  is  best  known  by  her 
humorous  juvenile  books;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Peterkin  Papers;  The  Last 
of  the  Peterkins.  Her  other  works  com 
prise  The  Lord's  Supper  and  Its  Obser 
vance;  The  Service  of  Sorrow;  Sunday- 
School  Stories  for  Little  Children;  Fagots 
for  the  Fireside,  a  collection  of  games; 
The  Struggle  for  Life,  a  Story  of  Home; 
Art  Needle  Work;  An  Uncloseted  Skele 
ton;  and  The  New  Harry  and  Lucy. 

HALE,  NATHAN,  patriot,  was  born 
June  6,  1755,  in  Coventry,  Conn.  He  was 
sent  by  Washington,  after  the  battle  of 
Long  Island,  to  ascertain  the  strength  and 
position  of  the  enemy,  and  was  captured 
and  hanged  as  a  spy.  His  last  words 
were,  I  only  regret  that  I  have  but  one 
life  to  lose  for  my  country.  He  died  Sept. 
22,  1776. 

HALE,  ROBERT  BEVERLY,  author, 
was  born  in  1869  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  the  author  of  Elsie  and  Other  Poems; 
and  Six  Stories  and  Some  Verses.  He  died 
in  1895. 

HALE,  ROBERT  SAFFORD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  24, 
1822,  in  Chelsea,  Vt.  He  was  judge  of  Es 
sex  county  from  1856  to  1864;  in  1859  was 
appointed  a  regent  of  the  university  of 
New  York;  and  in  1860  was  a  presidential 
elector.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  union  convention  at  Phila 
delphia  in  1866;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress  as  a  republican.  He 
died  Dec.  14,  1881,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 

HALE,  SALMA,  journalist,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  author,  was  born  March 
7,  1787,  in  Alstead,  N.  H.  From  1812  to 
1834,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  years, 
he  was  clerk  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Cheshire.  He  was  a  representative  In 
congress  from  1817  to  1819;  and  afterward 
practiced  at  the  bar.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  legislature  from  1823  to  1825;  and 
secretary  of  the  board  of  commissioners 
under  the  treaty  of  Ghent.  He  was  the 
author  of  History  of  the  United  States: 
and  Annals  of  Keene.  He  died  Nov.  19. 
1866,  in  Somerville,  Mass. 

HALE,  MRS.  SARAH  JOSEPHA 
[BUELL],  author,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1788, 
in  Newport,  N.  H.  She  was  a  once  well- 
known  writer  of 
Philadelphia  who 
was  editor  of  The 
Lady's  Book  for 
forty  years.  She  was 
the  author  of  Wom 
an's  Record,  a  large 
biographical  and  crit 
ical  work,  and  her 
most  important. 
Others  are,  The  Gen- 
ius  of  Oblivion,  and 
Other  Poems;  North 
wood,  a  novel; 

Sketches  of  American  Character;  Traits 
of  American  Life;  Flora's  Interpreter; 
The  Way  to  Live  Well;  Grosvenor,  a 
Tragedy;  Manners,  or  Happy  Homes; 
Love,  or  Woman's  Destiny,  with  Other 
Poems;  The  White  Veil;  The  Judge,  a 
drama;  Three  Hours,  or  the  Vigil  of 
Love;  Harry  Gray,  a  Sea  Story;  and 
Alice  Ray.  a  Romance  in  Rhyme.  She 
also  edited  cookery  books,  compilations, 
annuals,  and  the  letters  of  Madame  de 
S6vign6  and  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Mon 
tagu.  She  died  April  30,  1879.  in  Phila 
delphia.  Pa. 


430 


IIKHKING8HAWS     KNi '  Yc 'I..  H'KI  MA    OF    AMKR1CAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HALE.  SILAS  W.,  soldier,  merchant, 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  18.  1844,  in 
Hhiffton.  Ind.  While  teaching  school  he 
enlisted  in  company 
A,  one  hundred  and 
fifty-third  regiment 
Indiana  volunteer 
infantry,  and  was 
made  sergeant.  He 
has  attained  success 
as  a  merchant;  was 
one  of  the  organiz 
ers  of  the  Geneva 
bank,  of  which  he  is 
vice-president;  and 
has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  business 

and  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state.  In  1886  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  of  the  Indiana  state  legislature. 

HALK,  SUSAN,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
5,  1838,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  was  co 
author  with  her  brother  of  the  Family 
Plight  series  of  travels  for  young  people. 
She  has  also  published  The  Life  and  Let 
ters  of  Thomas  Gold  Appleton. 

HALK.  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1764.  He  was  one  of  the  most  in 
fluential  men  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was 
a  member  of  congress  from  1X09  to  1811, 
and  again  from  1813  to  1817.  He  died 
Nov.  8,  1848,  in  Dover,  N.  H. 

HALE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  IX,  1839, 
in  Iowa.  He  settled  at  Glenwood.  Iowa, 
in  the  practice  of  law;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1863,  and  re-elected  in  18H4,  1865.  and 
1866.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1868;  was  chairman  of  the  republican 
central  committee  of  the  eighth  and  ninth 
congressional  districts  for  a  number  of 
years;  and  in  1883  was  appointed  govern 
or  of  Wyoming  territory. 

HALE.  WILLIAM  HA  YARD,  clergy 
man,  art  critic,  socialist,  author,  was  born 
April  6.  1869,  in  Richmond,  Ind.  He 
founded  the  church  of  Our  Savior  of  Mid- 
illeborough,  Mass.;  and  is  a  leader  among 
high  church  episcopalians.  He  is  I  he 
author  of  The  New  Obedience,  a  most 
notable  socialistic  document;  Phillips 
Hrooks,  a  Memorial;  The  Eternal  Teach 
er;  The  Making  of  the  American  Consti 
tution;  A  Genesis  of  Nationality;  and  A 
Plea  for  Social  Submission  to  Christ. 

HALE.    WILLIAM    HENRY,    physician, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1852,  in  Belfast, 
Ireland.      He    has   been    president   of   the 
American        Popular 
Health      association; 
president       of       the 
Polytechnic      society 
of     Chicago;  '  presi 
dent    of   the    Health 
r.        and     Home    Publish- 
jMk       ing  company  of  Chi 
cago;     and     is     now 
s9        general  manager  and 
^^^^^fc   i  hief  consulting  phy- 
I  sician  of  the  British 
'    «^l    Medical    institute   of 
Detroit,  Mich.    He  is 

an  honorary  member  of  the  British  Medi 
cal  and  Surgical  society:  fellow  of  the 
American  Association  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons;  treasurer  of  the  Michigan  State 
Association  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons; 
treasurer  of  the  Michigan  Medical  alliance; 
and  prominently  identified  with  all  the 
leading  medical  bodies  in  America.  He  Is 
the  author  of  Hale's  Eclectic  Treatment, 
a  work  of  seven  hundred  pages;  Rheu 
matism  and  Skin  Diseases;  Respiration; 
Diseases  of  the  Eye;  and  various  other 
works. 

HALEY.  KLISHA,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  rcpre- 


r 

* 


sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1835  to  1839. 

HALEY,  THOMAS  PRESTON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  19.  1832,  in 
Lafayette  county,  Mo.  He  fills  a  pastorate 
in  the  First  church  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  The 
Dawn  of  the  Reformation. 

HALFORD,  ELIJAH  WALKER,  jour 
nalist,  statesman,  was  born  Sept.  4.  1843, 
in  Nottingham.  England.  He  is  now  ed 
itor  and  proprietor  of  the  Indianapolis 
Journal.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  repub 
lican  national  convention  in  1888;  and 
during  1889-93  was  private  secretary  to 
the  president  of  the  United  States. 

HALL.  ABRAHAM  OAKEY.  journal 
ist,  politician,  author,  was  born  in  1826 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  prominent  Tam 
many  politician  of  New  York  city,  of 
which  he  was  at  one  time  mayor.  He  was 
subsequently  on  the  staff  of  The  World, 
but  for  many  years  has  lived  in  Europe. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Manhattaner  in 
New  Orleans;  The  Congressman's  Christ 
mas  Dream;  Ballads;  and  Old  Whitey's 
Christmas  Trot,  a  story  for  the  holidays. 
He  died  in  October.  1X98.  in  New  York 
city. 

HALL,  ALEXANDER  WILFOR1),  phil 
osopher,  author,  was  born  Aug.  18.  1819. 
in  Bath,  N.  Y.  In  1X81  he  established  the 
Microcosm,  which  he  made  the  organ  of 
substantialism.  which  in  modern  meta 
physics  is  the  antithesis  of  speculative 
idealism.  He  is  the  author  of  Problem  of 
Human  Life:  Immortality  of  the  Soul: 
and  Scientific  Arena. 

HALL,  ALLEN  A.,  lawyer,  journalist, 
diplomat,  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He 
was  charge  d'affaires  to  Venezuela  from 
1841  to  1845;  and  assistant  secretary  of 
the  United  States  treasury  in  1849  and 
1X50.  He  edited  the  Republic  at  Wash 
ington:  afterward  edited  the  Daily  News 
from  1X57  to  1859  at  Nashville,  Tenn.;  and 
was  minister  to  Bolivia  from  1863  to  1867. 
He  died  May  IX.  1X67.  in  Cochabamba, 
Bolivia. 

HALL.  ANDREW  DOUGLASS,  physi 
cian,  was  born  July  2,  1883,  in  Hempstead, 
N.  Y.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  phy 
sician  and  surgeon  in  his  native  state. 

HALL,  ANNE,  artist,  was  born  May  26. 
17JI2,  in  Pomfret,  Conn.  Her  miniature 
portrait  of  Garafilia  Mohalbi,  the  Greek 
girl,  has  been  considered  her  masterpiece, 
and  has  been  engraved  repeatedly.  She 
died  Dec.  11,  1863,  in  New  York  city. 

HALL.  ANZONETTA  CRABBE,  physi 
cian,  reformer.  She  has  attained  success 
as  a  reformer  and  physician  of  Soutli 
Dakota;  and  was  the  first  woman  to 
serve  as  judge  of  election  in  Dakota. 

HALL.  ARETHUSA.  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1802,  in  Huntington. 
Mass.  She  was  an  educator  in  New  Eng 
land,  and  subsequently  in  the  Packer  in 
stitute,  Brooklyn.  The  poet  Whittier  was 
one  of  her  early  pupils.  She  was  the  au 
thor  of  Manual  of  Morals;  Life  of  Syl 
vester  Judd;  Memorials  of  S.  Judd, 
Senior:  and  Thoughts  of  Pascal,  a  trans 
lation.  She  died  in  1891. 

HALL,  ARTHUR  CRAWSHAY  ALLS- 
TON,  bishop,  author,  was  born  April  12, 
1847,  in  England.  He  is  the  third  protest- 
ant  episcopal  bishop  of  Vermont.  He  was 
for  many  years  in  charge  of  the  mission 
of  the  Cowley  Fathers  in  Boston.  He  is 
the  author  of  Confession  and  the  Lambeth 
Conference:  Meditations  on  the  Creed; 
Meditations  on  the  Collects;  and  The 
Example  of  the  Passion. 

HALL,  ASAPH,  astronomer  was  born 
Oct.  15,  1829,  in  Goshen,  Conn.  In  1873 


he  was  awarded  the  gold  medal  o!  the 
Royal  Astronomical  society  of  London  for 
his  discoveries  of  double  stars. 

HALL,  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  29,  1814,  in 
Batavia,  N.  Y.  He  was  county  attorney  in 
Ohio  from  1840  to  1842;  and  moved  to 
Kessauque,  Iowa,  in  1844.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1852;  and  in  1854  was 
elected  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress  from 
Iowa.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  be 
fore  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States  in  1857:  and  the  same  year  was 
chief  justice  of  Nebraska.  He  died  Feb. 
1.  1X61.  in  Bellevue,  Neb. 

HALL.  BAYNARD  RUST,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1798  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  an  educator  of  New  Jersey 
and  New  York;  and  the  author  of  A 
Latin  Grammar;  The  New  Purchase  of 
Life  in  the  Far  West,  long  a  very  popu 
lar  book;  Something  for  Everybody; 
Teaching  a  Science;  The  Teacher  an  Art 
ist;  and  Frank  Freeman's  Barber  Shop. 
He  died  Jan.  23,  1863,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HALL,  BENJAMIN  FRANjvLIN,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  in  1814,  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  New  York  jurist,  and  was  chief 
justice  of  Colorado  in  1861-64.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Land  Owner's  Manual; 
The  Republican  Party;  and  Methodism, 
Its  Source  and  Power.  He  died  in  1891. 

HALL.  BENJAMIN  HOMER,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1X30,  in  Troy, 
X.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Troy,  N.  Y., 
and  the  author  of  College  Words  and 
Customs;  History  of  Eastern  Vermont; 
and  Bibliography  of  the  United  States: 
Vermont.  He  died  in  1893. 

HALL.  BENTON  J.,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1835, 
in  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  general  assembly  of  the 
state  of  Iowa  in  1872  and  1873.  He  was 
elected  a  senator  in  the  general  assembly 
of  Iowa  for  a  term  of  four  years,  from 
1882;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Iowa  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

HALL,  BOLLING.  congressman,  was 
born  in  1769.  He  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1X11  to  1X17.  He 
died  March  25,  183fi,  near  Montgomery, 
Ala. 

HALL,  CHAPIN,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  12,  1816,  in  Ellicott, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress. 

HALL,  CHARLES  CUTHBERT,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1852 
in  New  York.  He  is  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  of  New  York  city,  pastor  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  church,  Brooklyn,  in 
1877-97;  and  from  1897  president  of  Union 
Theological  seminary.  He  is  the  author 
of  Does  God  Send  Trouble?  Into  His  Mar 
velous  Light;  The  Children,  the  Church, 
and  the  Communion:  Qualifications  for 
Ministerial  Power;  and  The  Gospel  of  the 
Divine  Sacrifice. 

MALL,  CHARLES  FRANCIS,  explorer, 
author,  was  born  in  1821  in  Rochester,  N. 
H.  He  was  an  arctic  explorer,  and  the 
author  of  The  Arctic  Regions;  Life 
Among  the  Esquimaux;  and  Narrative  of 
the  Second  Arctic  Expedition.  He  died 
Nov.  8,  1871,  in  the  arctic  regions. 

HALL,  CHARLES  HENRY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1820,  in  Augusta, 
Ga.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Brooklyn,  rector  of  Holy  Trinity  church 
in  1869-95,  and  the  author  of  Commentar 
ies  on  the  Gospel;  Protestant  Ritualism; 
Spina  Christi;  The  Church  of  the  House 
hold;  and  Valley  of  the  Shadow.  He  died 
in  1895. 


IIKUKlN(iSHA\VS     KNCYCI..OPKPIA    OF    A.MKKICA.N 


4::? 


HALL,  CHARLES  HERSHALL.  physi 
cian,  journalist,  was  born  April  5,  1835,  in 
Newport.  Ind.  He  settled  in  Salem,  and 
was  in  the  government  Indian  service  at 
Fort  Yarnhill  in  1871-73,  btit  resigned  in 
1874  to  become  professor  of  the  theory  and 
practice  of  medicine  in  Willamette  uni 
versity.  Since  1876  he  has  edited  the 
Oregon  Medical  Journal. 

HALL.  CHARLES  WINSLOW,  lawyer, 
author.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Minnesota, 
and  the  author  of  Arctic  Rovings;  Twice 
Taken;  Adrift  in  the  Icefields;  and  Drift 
ing  Around  the  World. 

HALL.  CHRISTOPHER  WEBBER, 
geologist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1845. 
in  Wardsborough,  Vt.  He  is  a  professor 
of  geology  and  mineralogy  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Minnesota  at  Minneapolis,  from 
1878,  and  dean  of  the  college  of  Engi 
neering.  Metallurgy,  and  Mechanic  Arts. 
He  has  written  many  valuable  profession 
al  papers,  and  a  History  of  the  University 
of  Minnesota. 

HALL.  DARWIN  S..  soldier,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1844  in  Keno- 
sha  county.  Wis.  He  was  elected  county 
auditor  of  Renville  county,  Minn.,  in  1869 
and  1871,  and  established  and  edited  the 
Renville  Times  for  several  years,  and  was 
clerk  of  the  district  court  in  1873-77.  He 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1876;  was 
appointed  register  of  the  United  States 
land  office  at  Benson  in  1878  and  1882, 
and  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1886 
for  a  term  of  four  years.  He  served  in 
company  K.  forty-second  Wisconsin  vol 
unteer  infantry,  as  a  private  during  the 
Civil  war,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican. 

HALL,  DAVID,  governor.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Delaware  from  1802  to  1805. 

HALL.  DOMIN1CK  AUGUSTINE,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1765  in  North 
Carolina.  He  was  district  judge  of  Or 
leans  territory  from  1809  until  1812,  when 
it  became  the  state  of  Louisiana,  and 
was  then  appointed  United  States  judge  of 
the  state,  in  which  position  he  continued 
during  his  life.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1820,  in 
New  Orleans,  La. 

HALL,  EDWARD  HENRY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1831  in  Ohio.  He  is 
a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Worcester,  and 
subsequently  of  Cambridge,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Orthodoxy  and  Heresy  in  the 
Christian  Church;  Lessons  on  the  Life  of 
Saint  Paul;  and  Discourses. 

HALL,  EDWIN,  clergyman,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1802,  in  Gran- 
ville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman,  professor  of  theology  in  Au 
burn  seminary  in  1854-77.  and  the  author 
of  The  Law  of  Baptism;  The  Puritans  and 
Their  Principles:  Historical  Records  of 
Norwalk;  and  Shorter  Catechism  with 
Proofs.  He  died  Sept.  8,  1877,  in  Auburn, 
N.  Y. 

HALL.  EDWIN  G.  W.,  clergyman,  evan 
gelist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1840,  in 
Oxbow,  N.  Y.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  the  tenth  New  York  heavy  ar 
tillery.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  a 
conference  evangelist,  and  now  fills  a  pas 
torate  in  the  method  1st  episcopal  church 
of  Knoxville,  Pa. 

HALL,  ELIZA  CALVERT,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1856,  in  Bowling  Green,  Ky. 
She  is  a  noted  poet,  and  has  contributed 
to  the  Atlantic  Monthly,  Scribner's,  and 
the  Century. 

HALL,  FITZEDWARD,  philologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  21,  1825,  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  philologist  of  distinction 
who  was  inspector  of  schools  in  India  in 
1846-62,  and  in  the  latter  year  became  pro 
fessor  of  Sanskrit  in  King's  college,  Lon 
don.  He  is  the  author  of  Recent  Exem 


plifications  of  False  Philology:  Modern 
English;  English  Adjectives  in  -able  with 
Special  Reference  to  Reliable;  Lectures 
on  the  Nyaya  Philosophy;  and  several 
works  in  Sanskrit. 

HALL,  MRS.  FLORENCE  (HOWE),  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1845  in  Massachusetts. 
She  is  a  writer  of  Plainfield,  N.  .1.,  and 
the  author  of  Social  Customs;  and  The 
Correct  Thing  in  Good  Society. 

HALL,  FRANCIS,  journalist,  was  born 
March  12.  1785,  in  Taunton.  England. 
In  1811  he  entered  the  office  of  the  New 
York  Commercial  Advertiser,  and  two 
years  afterward  became  part  owner  and 
co-editor  of  that  journal,  with  which  he 
remained  connected  for  fifty-three  years. 
He  died  Aug.  11,  1866.  in  New  York  city. 

HALL,  FRANCIS  JOSEPH,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1857. 
in  Ashtabula,  Ohio.  He  is  a  priest  of  the 
protestant  episcopal  church,  and  professor 
of  dogmatic  theology  in  the  Western  The 
ological  seminary.  He  is  the  author  of 
Theological  Outlines,  in  three  volumes: 
and  The  Historical  Position  of  the  Epis 
copal  Church. 

HALL.  FRANK  L.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  July  4.  1850.  in  Bridgeport,  Conn. 
He  is  president  of  the  Baltimore  and  Del 
aware  Bay  railroad. 

HALL,  FRANK  L.,  physician,  surgeon, 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1861,  in  Pike 
county.  111.  He  has  attained  eminence  in 
his  profession  at  Perry.  HI-,  and  for  four 
years  was  United  States  pension  exam 
iner.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Illinois  state  legislature  iu 
1897-98. 

HALL.  FREDERIC,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1825,  in  Rutland.  Vt. 
He  received  a  liberal  education,  studied 
the  sciences,  and  also 
Greek,  Latin,  French, 
Spanish  and  Italian. 
In  1852  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  of 
the  supreme  court  of 
California;  and  in 
1859  to  the  bar  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the 
United  States.  In 
1867  he  visited  Mex 
ico,  and  was  em 
ployed  as  one  of  the 
counsel  to  defend 
the  Emperor  Maximilian.  He  wrote  the 
Life  of  Maximilian;  and  subsequently  a 
History  of  San  Jose,  Cal.,  where  he  lived 
during  1849-72,  moving  thence  to  San 
Francisco.  In  1882  he  became  the  legal 
adviser  of  the  Mexican  Central  Railroad 
company,  and  while  in  the  City  of  Mex 
ico  wrote  the  work  known  as  Hall's  Mex 
ican  Law.  Since  1886  he  has  been  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  in  Los  Angeles.  Mr. 
Hall  has  traveled  extensively  in  American 
countries,  in  Europe  and  Asia. 

HALL,  FREDERICK,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  November,  1780,  in  Grafton, 
Vt.  He  was  an  educator  who  was  profes 
sor  of  chemistry  in  Columbian  college, 
Washington,  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
published  Letters  from  the  East  and  from 
the  West.  He  died  July  27,  1843,  in  Peru, 
111. 

HALL,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  assembly  of  New  York  in 
1816,  and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1819  to  1821. 

HALL,  GEORGE,  first  mayor  of  Brook 
lyn,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1795,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  printer,  and  the  greater 
portion  of  his  life  was  devoted  to  the  in 
terests  of  his  native  city,  of  which  he  was 
a  trustee  at  the  time  of  its  incorporation, 
and  under  that  act  became  its  first  mayor. 
He  died  Sept.  16,  1868,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


HALL,  GERTRUDE,  author,  poet.  She 
is  a  Boston  writer  of  short  stories  and 
poems,  and  the  author  of  Far  From  To- 
Day,  a  collection  of  strikingly  original  sto 
ries;  Allegretto,  a  volume  of  verse;  Foam 
of  the  Sea,  and  Other  Tales;  and  Verses. 

HALL,  GRANVILLE  STANLEY,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
May  6,  1845,  in  Ashfield,  Mass.  He  is  an 
educator  of  note,  president  of  Clark  uni 
versity,  Worcester,  Mass.,  since  1888,  and 
is  the  author  of  Aspects  of  German  Cul 
ture;  Hints  Toward  a  Bibliography  of 
Education;  and  How  to  Teach  Reading. 

HALL,  HARRISON,  scientist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  5.  1785,  in  Octorara,  Md. 
He  was  a  scientist  of  Philadelphia,  who 
in  1815  published  a  work  on  Distillation 
that  was  much  commended  in  its  day. 
He  died  March  9,  1866,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

HALL,  HENRY,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  6,  1845,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  In 
1880  he  was  appointed  by  the  government 
as  special  agent  to  collect  the  statistics 
of  American  ship-building.  In  1882  he  Be 
came  business  manager  of  the  New  York 
Tribune,  which  position  he  yet  occupies. 
He  has  published  The  History  of  Cayuga 
County:  History  of  the  Nineteenth  New 
York  Volunteers,  and  the  Third  Artillery; 
American  Navigation;  and  America's  Suc 
cessful  Men,  in  two  volumes. 

HALL,  HI  LAND,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  author,  was  born 
July  20,  1795,  in  Bennington,  Vt. 
In  1827  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature,  and  afterward,  for  several 
years,  was  state's  attorney.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from 
Vermont  from  1833  to  1843.  He  was  bank 
commissioner  for  Vermont  from  1843  to 
1846;  four  years  judge  of  the  supreme 
court;  in  1850  second  comptroller  of  the 
treasury;  and  in  1851  was  appointed  land 
commissioner  for  California,  where  he  re 
mained  ,until  1854.  He  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Vermont  in  1858.  He  wrote  a 
History  of  Vermont  to  1791.  He  died 
Dec.  18,  1885,  in  Springfield,  Mass. 

HALL,.  HOMER  JOHN,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  June  28,  1851,  in  Riceville, 
Pa.  He  is  a  successful  physician  of 
Franklin,  Ind.;  has  held  various  positions 
of  importance  in  his  county  and  state, 
and  served  as  chairman  of  the  Indiana 
prohibition  party. 

HALL,  ISAAC  HOL  LISTER,  lawyer, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1837, 
in  Norwalk,  Conn.  He  was  a  lawyer  and 
Oriental  scholar,  and  lecturer  on  New  Tes 
tament  Greek  in  Johns  Hopkins  uni 
versity  in  1884-96.  He  published  Ameri 
can  Greek  Testaments,  a  critical  Bibliog 
raphy.  He  died  in  1896. 

i 

HALL.  JAMES,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  22,  1744,  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  in  the 
southern  states,  and  the  author  of  Nar 
rative  of  a  Most  Extraordinary  Work  of 
Religion  in  North  Carolina;  and  Mis 
sionary  Tour  Through  the  Mississippi  and 
Southwest  Country.  He  died  July  25, 
1826,  in  Bethany,  N.  C. 

HALL,  JAMES,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
19,  1793,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the 
author  of  Letters  from  the  West;  Legends 
of  the  West;  Tales  of  the  Border;  Sketch 
es  of  the  West;  Notes  on  the  Western 
States;  Life  of  General  Harrison;  His 
tory  of  the  Indian  Tribes  (with  McKin- 
ney);  The  Wilderness  and  the  War  Path; 
The  Harpe's  Head,  a  Legend  of  Ken 
tucky;  and  Romance  of  Western  History. 
He  died  July  5,  1868,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


438 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HALL,  JAMES,  paleontologist,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1811,  in 
Hingham,  Mass.  He  is  a  paleontologist  of 
distinction,  professor  of  geology  at  the 
Troy  Polytechnic  school  from  1836,  and 
state  geologist  of  New  York  from  1837. 
He  is  the  author  of  Geology  of  the  Fourth 
District  of  New  York;  Paleontology  of 
New  York;  Geological  Survey  of  Wiscon 
sin;  and  many  scientific  monographs. 

HALL,  JAMES  A.,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  10,  1835,  in  Jefferson,  Maine.  He 
rose  to  the  rank  of  brevet  brigadier-gen 
eral,  his  services  being  especially  con 
spicuous  at  Gettysburg.  He  was,  for  thir 
teen  years  after  the  war,  collector  of  cus 
toms  at  Waldoboro,  Maine.  He  died  June 
10,  1893,  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

HALL,  JAMES  FREDERICK,  soldier, 
was  born  in  February,  1824,  in  New  York 
city.  He  served  in  the  civil  war,  and  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general.  He  died  Jan. 
9,  1884. 

HALL,  JEREMIAH,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  May  21,  1805,  tn 
Suanzey,  N.  H.  In  1853  he  accepted  the 
presidency  of  Denison  university.  He  died 
May  31,  1881,  in  Port  Huron,  Mich. 

HALL,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  constitu 
tional  convention  from  1775  to  1776,  and 
from  1783  to  1784. 

HALL,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
in  1767  in  Waynesboro,  Va.  He  was  a 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  North  Caro 
lina  from  1801  till  181$,  and  of  the  su 
preme  court  from  1818  till  1832.  He  died 
Jan.  29,  1833,  in  Warrenton,  N.  C. 

HALL,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1806  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman,  pastor  of  the 
First  church  in  Trenton,  N.  J.,  from  1841. 
Among  his  writings  are:  Translation  of 
Milton's  Latin  Letters;  History  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Trenton;  Forty 
Years'  Familiar  Letters  of  James  W. 
Alexander;  and  Sabbath-School  Theology. 
He  died  in  1894. 

HALL,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  July  31,  1829,  in  Ireland.  He  is  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  who  came  from 
Dublin  to  America  in  1867,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Presbyterian 
church  in  New  York  city.  He  Is  the  au 
thor  of  All  the  Way  Across;  The  Chief 
End  of  Man;  Familiar  Talks  to  Boys; 
Questions  of  the  Day;  God's  Word 
Through  Preaching;  A  Christian  Home; 
and  Foundation  Stones  for  Young  Build- 

>TS. 

HALL,  JOHN  ELIHU,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  27,  1783,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  author  of  Phil 
adelphia  who  edited  The  Portfolio,  1817- 
27;  and  was  the  author  of  Memoirs  of 
Eminent  Persons;  Practice  and  Jurisdic 
tion  of  the  Court  of  Admiralty;  Life  of 
Dr.  John  Shaw;  and  Tracts  on  Constitu 
tional  Law.  He  died  June  11,  1829,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HALL,  JOHN  W.,  merchant,  state  sen 
ator,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1817,  in 
Frederic,  Del.  He  was  state  director  in 
the  Farmers'  bank  from  1861  to  1878;  and 
stock  director  from  1867  to  1871.  He  was 
ii  state  senator;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
democratic  national  convention  of  187fi; 
and  was  governor  of  Delaware  from  1879 
to  1883. 

HAM..  JONATHAN  PRESCOTT,  law 
yer,  jurist,  orator,  author,  was  born  July 
9,  1796,  in  Pomfret,  Conn.  He  was  the 
author  of  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Su 
perior  Court  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
1828-29.  HP  died  Sept.  29,  1862,  in  New 
port,  R.  I. 


HALL,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  merchant,  con 
gressman,    was   born   June    26,    1793,    in 
Essex  county,  Mass.     He  served  as  lieu 
tenant  of  militia  in 
1813   and   1814;    and 
from  1817  until  1819 
was  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits.    He 
was   sheriff    of    two 
counties    for    twelve 
years,     and     was     a 
Jf  representative         i  n 

congress  from  Maine 
from  1833  to  1837.  He 
was  the  first  north 
ern  man  who  voted 
against  receivingsla- 
very  petitions.  He  was  also  a  noted  ora 
tor. 

HALL,  JOSHUA  G.,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1828, 
in  Wakefield,  N.  H.  He  was  a  state  sen 
ator  in  1871  and  1872,  and  a  member  of 
the  state  house  of  representatives  in  1874. 
He  was  United  States  district  attorney 
from  1874  to  1879,  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  Hampshire  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

HALL,  LAWRENCE  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1819  in  Lake 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas,  which  position  he 
held  until  1856.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-fifth 
congress.  He  died  Jan.  26,  1863,  in  Ohio. 

HALL,  MRS.  LOUISA  JANE  PARK, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1802,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  She  was  a  writer  of 
Providence,  and  the  author  of  Miriam,  a 
dramatic  poem;  Joanna  of  Naples,  a  tale; 
and  Life  of  Elizabeth  Carter.  She  died  in 
1892. 

HALL,  LYMAN,  physician,  governor. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1775  to  1779,  and  signed  the 
declaration  of  independence.  In  1783  he 
was  elected  governor  of  Georgia.  He  died 
Oct.  19,  1790,  in  Burke  county,  Ga. 

HALL,  MRS.  MARY  L.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  May  26,  1839,  in  St.  Helena,  N.  Y. 
She  was  for  twenty  years  a  teacher  of 
penmanship  at  Attica,  N.  Y.,  and  is  the 
author  of  many  short  stories  and  a  book 
of  poems  entitled  Live  Coal. 

HALL,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  Aug.  13,  1805,  in  Medford,  Mass.  He 
became  sole  pastor  of  the  First  Unitarian 
parish,  Dorchester,  Mass.,  in  1836,  and 
held  this  post  until  his  death.  He  died 
Oct.  21,  1875,  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

HALL,  NATHAN  KELSEY,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  March  10, 
1810,  in  Marcellus,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  a 
_^_  member  of  the  New 
York  state  legisla 
ture,  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  con 
gress  from  1847  to 

1849.  On    Mr.    Fill- 
more's   accession    to 
the     presidency      in 

1850,  he  was  appoint 
ed  to  the   office    of 
postmaster  -  general, 
and  was  subsequent 
ly     appointed    judge 
of  the  United  States 

district  court  for  western  New  York.    He 
died   March   2,  1874,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

HALL,  NORMAN,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1829.  in 
Muncy  Farms.  Pa.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

HALL,  OBED,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1811  to  1813. 


HALL,  OSEE  MATSON,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Conneaut,  Ohio 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HALL.  ROBERT  BERNARD,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1812, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  senate  in  1855;  was 
elected  a  representative  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress  in  that  year,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress  in  1857. 
He  died  April  15,  1868,  in  Plymouth,  Mass. 

HALL,  ROBERT  PLEASANTS,  lawyer, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1825,  in 
Chester  District,  S.  C.  He  published  a 
volume  of  Poems  by  a  South  Carolinian. 
He  left  numerous  manuscript  articles  in 
prose  and  verse,  which  include  a  contem 
plative  poem  on  Andr6  Chenier;  Winona, 
a  legend  of  the  Dacotahs;  and  The  Cher 
okee,  describing  the  scenery  in  upper 
Georgia.  He  died  Dec.  4,  1854,  in  Macon. 
Ga. 

HALL,  SAMUEL,  journalist,  was  born 
Nov.  2,  1740,  in  Medford,  Mass.  He  pub 
lished  the  Salem  Gazette  in  1781,  and  in 
1785  the  Massachusetts  Gazette.  In  1789 
he  went  to  Boston  and  opened  a  book 
store,  which  he  sold  in  1805  to  Lincoln 
and  Edmunds.  He  died  Oct.  30,  1807,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

HALL,  SAMUEL  READ,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1795,  in  Croydon, 
N.  H.  He  was  an  educator  of  Vermont 
who  organized  the  first  training-school 
for  teachers  in  the  United  States.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Instructor's  Manual; 
Lectures  on  Education;  and  Geography 
for  Children.  He  died  June  24,  1877,  in 
Bennington,  Vt. 

HALL,  MRS.  SARAH  (EW1NG),  author, 
was  born  Oct.  30,  1761,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  She  was  a  Philadelphia  writer  well 
known  at  one  time  as  the  author  of  Con 
versations  on  the  Bible.  Selections  from 
her  work  were  published  in  1833.  She 
died  April  8,  1830,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HALL,  SHARACK  AZARIAH,  soldier, 
educator,  state  senator,  was  born  July  15, 
1835,  in  Wilna,  N.  Y.  He  was  captain  of 
company  K,  fifth  regiment  Wisconsin  vol 
unteer  infantry  from  1864  until  Lee's  sur 
render.  In  1869  he  moved  to  Wood  Lake. 
Minn.,  was  appointed  county  superintend 
ent  of  schools  in  1873,  and  in  1876  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  state 
senate. 

HALL,  THOMAS,  inventor,  was  born 
Feb.  4,  1834,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1881 
he  produced  the  typewriter  that  bears  his 
name. 

HALL,  THOMAS  AUGUSTUS,  soldier, 
journalist,  legislator,  jurist,  was  -born 
Aug.  26,  1847,  in  Telfair  county,  Ga.  Dur 
ing  the  war  he  served  as  orderly  sergeant 
of  company  E,  sixth  battalion  Georgia  ar 
tillery  in  the  confederate  service.  He  has 
filled  numerous  offices  of  public  trust;  was 
democratic  member  of  the  Florida  state 
legislature  in  1883  from  Madison  county, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Madison  county 
school  board.  He  is  now  serving  with 
distinction  a  second  term  as  county  judge 
of  Nassau  county,  Fla.,  his  term  expiring 
in  1901.  He  is  also  the  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Florida  Mirror  of  Fernandina,  Fla. 

HALL,  THOMAS  H.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1773  in  Edgecombe 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1817  to  1825,  and  again 
from  1827  to  1835.  In  1836  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  state  senate,  and  voted 
against  the  acceptance  of  any  of  the  sur 
plus  revenue  of  the  United  States  treas 
ury  by  the  state  of  North  Carolina.  He 
died  June  30,  1853,  in  Tnrborough.  N.  C. 


HKHRlNGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


439 


HALL,  THOMAS  MIFFLIN,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1798,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  successful  physi 
cian  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of 
several  medical  works.  He  died  in  1828 
at  sea. 

±iALL,  URIEL  SEBREE,  farmer,  law 
yer,  lecturer,  congressman,  was  born  April 
12,  1852,  in  Randolph  county,  Mo.  He 
has  served  in  many  state  democratic  con 
ventions,  being  chairman  of  the  demo 
cratic  committee  on  platform  in  1890.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HALL,  W.  A.,  clergyman,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  15,  1847,  in  England.  He 
has  filled  pastorates  in  the  methodist 
episcopal  church,  has  been  county  su 
perintendent  of  schools,  justice  of  the 
peace,  judge  of  the  probate  court,  and 
United  States  commissioner  of  the  circuit 
court  at  Grangeville,  Idaho. 

HALL,  WILLARD,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1780,  in 
Westford,  Mass.  In  1811  he  was  elected 
secretary  of  state  in  Delaware,  and  held 
that  office  three  years.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  in  1816,  and 
re-elected  in  1818,  and  was  again  secretary 
of  state  in  1821.  In  1822  he  was  elected 
to  the  legislature;  in  1823  was  appointed 
district  judge  of  the  United  States  for 
Delaware;  and  in  1829  revised  the  state 
laws  of  Delaware.  In  1831  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  constitutional  convention. 
He  was  the  father  of  the  public  school 
system  of  the  state.  He  died  May  10,  1875, 
in  Wilmington,  Del. 

HALL,  WILLARD  PREBLE,  congress 
man,  lieutenant-governor,  was  born  in 
1825  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  thirtieth,  thirty-first 
and  thirty-second  congresses;  was  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Missouri  from  1861  to 
1865;  and  was  acting  governor  for  a  por 
tion  of  the  time.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1882, 
in  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

HALL,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1774  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  general  of  militia,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Tennessee  from 
1831  to  1833.  He  died  in  October,  1856, 
in  Green  Garden,  Tenn. 

HALL,  WILLIAM,  state  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1774,  in  Virginia.  He 
was  elected  several  times  state  repre 
sentative  and  state  senator  from  Tennes 
see,  and  in  1829  was  elected  governor.  He 
died  in  1856  in  Green  Garden,  Tenn. 

HALL,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  journalist, 
state  senator,  was  born  May  13,  1796,  in 
Sparta,  N.  Y.  In  1821  he  engaged  in  the 
music  publishing  business  under  the  firm 
name  of  Firth,  Hall  and  Pond,  in  which 
he  continued  until  his  death.  He  served 
also  in  the  state  senate  during  two  ad- 
ministratipns.  He  died  May  3,  1874,  in 
New  York  city. 

HALL,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Maine.  In  1841 
he  moved  to  Missouri  and  in  1844  was  a 
presidential  elector.  In  1847  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Missouri  convention 
of  1861.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Missouri  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re 
flected  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

HALL,  WILLIAM  EDWARD,  soldier, 
state  senator,  was  born  May  13,  1796,  in 
Tarrytown,  N.  Y.  About  1846  he  rose  to 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  state  senate.  He 
died  May  3,  1874. 

HALL,  WILLIAM  P.,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1820.  He  served  in  the  civil  war, 
and  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel 


in  1865.  He  'died  Oct.  20,  1865,  in  New 
York  city. 

HALL,  WILLIAM  T.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1841,  in  Bowdoinham, 
Maine.  In  1863  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  has  ever  since  practiced  law  in 
Richmond,  Maine.  He  has  served  as 
county  attorney  for  six  years,  and  in  1880 
was  elected  judge  of  probate  for  Sagada- 
hoc  county,  and  still  occupies  that  posi 
tion. 

HALL,  WILLIAM  WHITTY,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1810  in  Paris,  Ky.  He 
was  a  physician  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  founder  of  Hall's  Journal  of  Health. 
He  was  the  author  of  Health  and  Good 
Living;  Health  and  Disease  as  Affected 
by  Constipation;  Fun  Better  than  Physic; 
Consumption;  Sleep;  Guide-Board  to 
Health;  Coughs  and  Colds;  Health  at 
Home;  How  to  Live  Long;  Dyspepsia; 
Treatise  on  Cholera;  and  Bronchitis  and 
Kindred  Diseases.  He  died  May  10,  1876, 
in  New  York  city. 

HALL,  WILLIS,  lawyer,  lecturer,  was 
born  April  1,  1801,  in  Granville,  N.  Y. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  as 
sembly  in  1837,  and  again  in  1842.  In  1838 
he  was  appointed  attorney-general  of  the 
state,  and  filled  this  office  for  one  year. 
He  was  for  some  time  a  lecturer  in  the 
law-school  of  Saratoga.  He  died  July  14, 
1868,  in  New  York  city. 

HALL,  WILTON  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  29,  1869,  in  Hamilton  coun 
ty,  Fla.  He  has  attained  prominence  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Fernandina,  Fla.,  and 
has  filled  many  positions  of  honor  in  his 
county  and  state. 

HALLAM,  ROBERT  ALEXANDER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  30, 
1807,  in  New  London,  Conn.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  who  was  rector  of 
St.  James's  church,  New  London,  Conn., 
from  1835  till  his  death.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Lectures  on  the  Morning  Prayer; 
Lectures  on  Moses;  Sovereigns  of  Judah; 
Sermons;  and  Annals  of  St.  James's.  He 
died  Jan.  4,  1877,  in  New  London,  Conn. 

HALLECK,  FITZ-GREENE,  poet,  was 
born  July  8,  1790,  in  Guilford,  Conn.  He 
was  a  poet  who  was  for  many  years  a 
clerk  in  a  New  York 
banking  house,  and 
subsequently  confi 
dential  adviser  to 
John  Jacob  Astor. 
His  verse  has  grace 
and  sweetness,  but  is 
wanting  in  positive 
qualities,  and  has 
already  largely 
passed  out  of  remem 
brance.  He  was  the 
author  of  Marco 
Bozzaris,  which  is 
his  most  famous  poem;  Fanny;  Alnwick 
Castle,  and  Other  Poems.  He'  died  Nov. 
19,  1867,  in  Guilford,  Conn. 

HALLECK,  HENRY  WAGER,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1815,  in  West- 
ernville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  major-general 
who  was  general-in- 
chief  of  the  armies 
of  the  United  States 
in  1862-64.  He  was 
the  author  of  Bitu 
men,  Its  Varieties, 
Properties,  and  Uses; 
Mining  Laws  of 
Spain  and  Mexico; 
Elements  of  Inter 
national  Law;  Trea 
tise  on  International 
Law;  and  Elements 
of  Military  Art  and 
Science.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1872,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky. 


HALLER,  W.  D.,  physician,  business 
man,  state  senator,  was  born  April  27, 
1846,  near  East  Troy,  Wis.  In  1871  he 
established  himself  in  the  drug  business 
in  Blair,  Neb.  He  was  chosen  state  sena 
tor  fram  the  tenth  district  of  Nebraska 
in  1897. 

HALLETT,  BENJAMIN,  ship-master, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1760,  in  Barnstable, 
Mass.  He  established  the  coasting  trade 
between  Boston  and  Albany  in  1788,  and  in 
1808  had  built  the  sloop  Ten  Sisters,  which 
was  long  the  favorite  packet  sailing  be 
tween  New  York  and  Boston.  He  died 
Dec.  31,  1849,  in  Barnstable,  Mass. 

HALLETT,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
journalist,  statesman,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  2,  1797,  in  Barnstable,  Mass.  He 
exerted  a  powerful  influence  in  the  demo 
cratic  party,  was  a  delegate  to  most  of 
its  national  conventions,  and  was  for 
many  years  chairman  of  its  national  com 
mittee.  He  aided  in  the  nomination  of 
Franklin  Pierce,  who  made  him  United 
States  district  attorney  of  Massachusetts. 
He  died  Sept.  30,  1862,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

HALLETT,  MOSES,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Illinois.  In  1874  he  was  appointed 
an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  territory  of  Colorado;  and  in  1877 
was  appointed  United  States  district  judge 
for  the  district  of  Colorado. 

HALLEY,  GEORGE,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1839,  in  Canada. 
In  1884  he  became  associated  in  publish 
ing  the  Kansas  City  Medical  Journal, 
with  which  he  is  still  connected. 

HALLIDAY,  SAMUEL  BYRAM,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1812  in  New 
Jersey.  He  is  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Brooklyn,  assistant  of  Henry 
Ward  Beecher  at  Plymouth  church  for 
nearly  twenty  years,  and  the  author  of 
The  Little  Street  Sweeper;  The  Lost  and 
Found,  or  Life  Among  the  Poor;  Win 
ning  Souls;  and  The  Church  in  America 
anci  Its  Baptisms  of  Fire. 

HALLIDIE,  ANDREW  SMITH,  civil  en 
gineer,  inventor,  was  born  March  16,  1836. 
in  England.  During  1858-68  he  designed 
and  built  a  large  number  of  bridges.  He 
invented  a  method  of  transporting  freight 
across  mountainous  and  rugged  districts 
by  an  endless  overhead  moving  rope,  now 
known  as  the  Hallidie  ropeway. 

HALLOCK,  CHARLES,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  13,  1834,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city,  founder  of  Forest  and  Stream,  and 
the  author-of  The  Fishing  Tourist;  Camp 
Life  in  Florida;  The  Sportsman's  Gazet 
teer;  and  Our  New  Alaska. 

HALLOCK,  GERARD,  journalist,  was 
born  March  18,  1800,  in  Plainfield,  Mass. 
In  1827  he  became  part  owner  of  the  New 
York  Observer,  and  in  1828  was  associated 
with  David  Hale  in  the  publication  of  the 
Journal  of  Commerce.  He  died  Jan.  4, 
1866,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

HALLOCK,  JEREMIAH,  clergyman, 
was  born  March  13,  1758,  in  Brook  Ha 
ven,  N.  Y.  In  1785  he  was  installed  as 
pastor  over  the  congregational  church  at 
West  Simsbury,  where  he  remained  until 
his  death.  He  died  June  23,  1826,  in  West 
Simsbury,  Conn. 

HALLOCK,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Orange  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  assembly  of  New  York 
state  from  Orange  county  in  1816  and 
1817,  and  from  1820  to  1821;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1825  to 
3829. 

HALLOCK,  MRS.  JULIA  ISABEL 
(SHERMAN),  author,  was  born  in  1846 
in  Connecticut.  She  is  a  Connecticut 
writer  and  the  author  of  Broken  Notes 
from  a  Gray  Nunnery,  a  study  of  country 
life. 


440 


il  KKKI.\i;sil.\\VS     KNCYCI.oi'KIUA    dp    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY 


HALLOCK,  MRS.  MARY  ANGELINA 
(RAY)  (LATHROP),  author,  was  born 
June  18,  1810.  in  Rowe,  Mass.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Sunday-school  books,  including; 
That  Sweet  Story  of  Old;  Child's  History 
of  the  Fall  of  Jerusalem;  Child's  Life  of 
Daniel;  The  Story  of  Moses;  Bethlehem 
and  Her  Children;  Beasts  and  Birds; 
Child's  History  of  Solomon;  and  Life  of 
the  Apostle  Paul. 

HALLOCK,  MOSES,  clergyman,  was 
born  Feb.  16.  1760,  in  Brook  Haven,  N.  Y. 
He  was  first  pastor  of  the  church  in  Plain- 
field  from  1792  until  his  death.  He  died 
July  17,  1837. 

HALLOCK.  WILLIAM  ALLEN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  2.  1794.  in 
I'lainfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregation 
al  clergyman,  and  secretary  of  the  Ameri 
can  Tract  society  in  1825-70.  He  was  the 
author  of  Life  of  Harlan  Page;  Moses 
Hallock;  and  Justin  Edwards.  He  died 
Oct.  2,  1880,  in  Plainfield,  Mass. 

'HALLOWAY,  RANSOM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
the  eighth  congressional  district  of  New 
York,  from  1849  to  1851.  He  died  April 
6,  1851,  in  Mount  Pleasant.  Md. 

HALLOWKLL.  EDWIN,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1844 
in  Abington,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1876,  and  re-elected  in  1878.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

HALLOWKLL,  RICHARD  PRICE, 
merchant,  author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1835. 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  wool  mer 
chant  of  Boston  who  has  written  The 
Quaker  Invasion  of  Massachusetts;  and 
The  Pioneer  Quakers. 

HALLWK;.  EDWARD  o.,  artist,  waa 

born  June  13,  1869,  in  Baltimore.  Md. 
In  1892  he  was  engaged  as  special  artist 
of  the  Baltimore  American,  also  becom 
ing  publisher  and  illustrator  of  the  Sidney 
Magazine. 

HALLWIG.  Gl'STAV,  artist,  was  born 
in  1810,  in  Saxony.  He  has  established 
an  enviable  reputation  as  one  of  the  fore 
most  artists  of  America,  his  work  being 
confined  chiefly  to  landscape  and  cattle 
painting. 

HALLWIG,  OSCAR,  artist,  was  born 
March  20,  183fi,  in  Saxony.  He  has  paint- 
*d  portraits  of  the  leading  people  of 
America.  His  studio  is  in  Baltimore.  Md. 

HALLWIG,  PAUL,  artist,  was  born 
Dec.  18,  1865.  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  has 
attained  success  by  painting  portraits  of 
the  leading  men  of  the  country,  and  in 
1893  was  engaged  as  special  artist  to  dec 
orate  the  city  hall  of  Baltimore  with  por 
traits. 

HALLWIG.  WILLIAM  ('..  artist,  was 
born  March  25,  1870,  in  New  York.  He 
painted  some  fruit  pieces  which  received 
special  mention  at  the  world's  fair. 

HALLYBURTON,  JAMES  D..  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  Virginia.  About  the 
year  1844  he  was  appointed  I'nited  States 
judge  for  the  eastern  district  of  Virginia. 

HALM.  GEORGE  ROBERT,  decorator, 
designer,  was  born  Sept.  1.  1850,  in  Og- 
(lensl)lirg.  His  reputation  as  a  decorator 
and  designer  of  book  exteriors  and  in 
teriors  is  shown  in  such  works  as  Lead. 
Kindly  Light;  Cover  for  Gilbert's  Shake 
speare;  Harper's  Tennyson;  and  the  dec 
orative  designs  and  illustrations  in  St. 
Nicholas,  Srnbner's  and  the  Century. 

HALPINE.CHARLES  GRAHAM  Mile* 
O'Reilly — soldier,  journalist,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  20.  1829,  in  Ireland.  He  was 
a  journalist  of  New  York  city  who  came 
to  America  in  1852  and  served  during  the 
civil  war  as  a  colonel  in  the  federal  army. 


Cambria,    X.    Y. 


He  was  the  author  of  Lyrics:  Poems; 
Miles  O'Reilly  Papers:  Life  and  Adven 
tures  of  Private  Miles  O'Reilly;  Baked 
Meats  of  the  Funeral:  and  poetical 
works.  He  died  Aug.  3,  IStiK.  in  New 
York  city. 

HALSALL.  WILLIAM  FORMBY.  sol 
dier,  artist,  was  born  March  20,  1844.  in 
England.  Among  his  works  are  the 
Chasing  a  Blockade-Runner  in  a  Fog: 
Rendezvous  of  the  Fishermen;  The  May 
flower;  Arrival  of  the  Winthrop  Colony: 
and  Niagara  Falls.  His  First  Battle  of  the 
Iron-Claris  was  purchased  by  the  I'nited 
States  government  in  1887. 

HALSELL.  JOHN  E.,  agriculturist,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
11.  1826.  in  Warren  county.  Ky.  In  1869  he 
was  elected  circuit  judge;  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  for 
ty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

1 1. \LSEY.  CHARLES  STORRS,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1834.  in 
In  IS'ili  he  graduated 
from  Williams  col 
lege,  and  since  that 
time  has  been  en 
gaged  in  educational 
work.  For  twenty- 
two  years  he  has 
been  principal  of  the 
1'nion  Classical  in 
stitute  of  Se.henec- 
tariy.  which  position 
he  resigned  in  1897. 
He  is  the  author  of 
Genealogical  and 
Chronological  Chart 
of  the  Rulers  of  England.  Scotland. 
France,  Germany  and  Spain;  Etymology 
of  Latin  and  Greek;  and  other  works. 

HALSEY.  GEORGK  ARMSTRONG. 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  7.  1827.  in  Springfield.  N.  J.  In  1861 
and  1862  he  was  elected  to  the  state  as 
sembly:  and  in  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed  assessor  of  internal  revenue  for 
the  fifth  district  of  New  Jersey,  which 
office  he  held  until  1866.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
fortieth  congress.  In  1864  was  collector 
of  internal  revenue  at  Newark.  N.  J.;  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-second  congress. 

HALSEY.  JEHIEL  H..  state  senator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  twenty-first  con 
gress;  and  was  a  state  senator  from  1832 
to  is:::,. 

HALSEY.  I.EROY  JONES,  educator. 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28. 
1812,  in  Goochland  county,  Va.  He  is  a 
presbyterian  clergyman,  and  from  1859 
professor  in  Chicago  Theological  seminary. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Literary  Attrac 
tions  of  the  Bible;  The  Life  and  Pictures 
of  the  Bible;  The  Beauty  of  Emmanuel; 
LUing  Christianity:  and  Scotland's  In 
fluence  on  Civilization. 

HALSEY.  Ll'THKR.  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1794.  in  Schenec- 
tady.  N.  Y.  From  1829  to  1837  he  was 
professor  of  theology  in  the  Western  The 
ological  seminary.  He  died  Oct.  29.  1880, 
in  Norristown,  Pa. 

HALSEY.  NICOLL.  congressman.  He 
\v;is  a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly 
from  Tompkins  county  in  1824;  and  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1833  to  1835. 

HALSEY,  SILAS,  state  legislator,  state 
senator,  congressman.  He  was  a  resi 
dent  of  New  York:  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature  for  several 
years.  He  was  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  ninth  congress;  and  was  a 
state  senator  for  one  year. 


HALSTKAD.  Ml'RAT.  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1829,  in  Paddy's 
Run,  Ohio.  He  is  a  journalist  of  note. 
editor  and  proprietor  of  The  Commercial 
of  Cincinnati,  and  since  1890  of  The  Stan 
dard  I'niou,  Brooklyn.  He  is  the  author 
of  Caucuses  of  1860;  and  Life  of  William 
McKinley. 

HALSTEAI).  WILLIAM  RILEY.  cler 
gyman.  college  president,  author,  was 
born  March  18.  1848,  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
For  several  years  he  was  president  of  the 
De  Pauw  Female  college.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Religious  Policy  of  America;  Civil 
and  Religious  Forces:  and  Life  On  a 
Backwoods  Farm. 

HALSTED.  BYRON  DAVID,  agricul 
turist.  educator,  author,  was  born  June  7. 

1852.  in  Venice,  N.  Y.     He  is  an  agricul 
tural  writer,   and   since  1884  professor  of 
botany  in  Iowa  Agricultural  college.     He 
is  the   author    A    Century     of   American 
Weeds:    The     Vegetable     Garden;     Farm 
Con\eniences;    and    Household    Conveni 
ences. 

HALSTED.  GEORGE  BRl'OE,  educator. 
mathematician,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25, 

1853.  in  Newark.  N.  J.     He  is  a  professor 
of  mathematics  in  the  university  of  Texas 
from  1887.  and  a  mathematician  of  promi 
nence.     He  is  the  author  of  Metrical  Ge 
ometry.  a  Treatise  on  Mensuration;    Ele 
ments  of  Geometry;  Synthetic  Geometry; 
and  Number.   Discrete  and  Continuous. 

HAU3TED,  NATHANIEL  NORRIS,  sol 
dier.  merchant,  philanthropist,  was  born 
Aug.  13.  1816,  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J.  When 
recruiting  camps  were  established  at 
Trenton  he  was  brevetted  brigadier-gen 
eral  and  placed  in  command.  Princeton 
is  indebted  to  him  for  the  astronomical 
observatory  which  bears  his  name.  He 
died  May  6.  1884.  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

HALSTED,  OLIVER  SPENCER,  law- 
>er,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  22. 
1792,  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J.  He  was  a  jurist 
of  Newark.  N.  J.;  and  the  author  of  The 
Theology  of  the  Bible;  and  The  Book 
called  Job.  He  died  Aug.  29,  1877,  in  Ly 
ons  Farms.  N.  J. 

HALSTED.  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to 
1843.  He  was  a  candidate  for  election  to 
the  twenty-sixth  congress,  but  although 
he  came  with  a  certificate  under  the  seal 
of  his  state,  was  not  admitted. 

HALTERMAN.       FREDERICK.       mer 
chant.    congressman,    was    born    Oct.    22, 
1831.    in   Germany.      He   was    engaged    in 
the  grocery  business. 
.^^^r.  from     which  he     re- 

m^  ^^         tired    in    1891;     and 
^^        was  elected  a   mem- 
•b       bei'      of    the      select 
^fc  council       from       the 

^^  j|W  twelfth  ward  in  1880 
:  .^  '  for  a  term  of  three 
years.  He  was  elect- 
e«l  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  repub 
lican  from  Philadel 
phia.  of  which  city 
he  has  been  a  resi 
dent  since  1849.  While  in  congress  he 
served  on  several  important  committees. 
HALVORSON,  KITTEL,  soldier,  farmer. 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1846,  In 
Norway.  He  entered  the  military  serv 
ice  in  1863,  enlisting  in  company  C.  first 
regiment  Wisconsin  heavy  artillery,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the 
Minnesota  state  legislature  in  1887;  and 
was  elected  by  the  Farmers'  Alliance  and 
prohibitionists  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress. 


^  ' 

..  Jl 
' 


IIK:EKI,N<;SIIA\VS    KNCVCI.OI'KUIA   OK   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


441 


HAM,  CHARLES  HENRY.  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1831  in 
New  Hampshire.  He  is  a  lawyer  and 
journalist  of  Chicago;  and  the  author  of 
Manual  Training:  the  Solution  of  Social 
and  Industrial  Problems. 

HAM.  iMARION  FRANKLIN,  poet,  was 
born  in  1867  in  Ohio.  He  is  a  poet  of 
Chattanooga:  and  the  author  of  The  Gol 
den  Shuttle  and  Other  Poems. 


1861.   in    Clinton. 


HAMBKRL1N.  LAFAYETTE  RUPERT, 
educator,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  25, 
Miss.  He  received  his 
education  at  the 
Mississippi  college, 
and  at  the  Richmond 
college.  Va.  He  has 
attained  success  as  a 
teacher  of  English 
literature;  has  been 
professor  of  English 
and  expression  in  the 
Thatcher  institute  of 
Shreveport,  La.:  in 
structor  of  expres 
sion  in  Richmond 
college:  and  adjunct 
professor  of  English  and  expression  in  the 
university  of  Texas.  He  is  the  author  of 
four  volumes  of  verse,  entitled  Lyrics 
Lilts,  Rhymes,  and  Verses.  He  was  con 
clave  poet  for  the  Knights  Templar  of 
Mississippi  in  1881;  alumni  poet  for  Rich 
mond  college  in  1889-91;  and  convention 
poet  for  Beta  Theta  Phi  fraternity  in  1887 
and  1897.  He  is  now  the  president  of  the 
Southern  Interstate  Oratorical  association 
of  Austin.  Texas. 

HAMBLETON.  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1812 
in  Talbot  county,  Md.  He  was  elected  to 
the  house  of  delegates  in  1834,  1835,  and 
1853;  to  the  state  senate  from  1844  to 
1850;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1844; 
and  was  president  of  the  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  canal  in  1853  and  1854.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Maryland  to 
the  forty-first  congress,  and  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  forty-second  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

HAMBL1N.  JOSEPH  ELDRIDGE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1828  in  Yarmouth. 
Mass.  He  was  brevetted  major-general, 
and  was  mustered  out  with  that  rank  at 
Washington  in  I860.  After  the  war  he  en 
tered  upon  civil  pursuits  in  New  York.  He 
died  July  3.  18-70.  in  New  York  city. 

HAMER.  GEORGE  FREDERICK,  mu 
sician,  composer,  was  born  in  1862.  in 
Lawrence,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful  mu 
sician  of  Lawrence,  Mass.;  and  the  or 
ganist  of  Trinity  church.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  several  songs,  church  services,  and 
piano  pieces;  and  several  orchestral  over 
tures. 

HAMER.  THOMAS,  soldier,  farmer, 
merchant,  legislator,  was  born  June  1, 
1818,  in  Union  county.  Pa.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Milton  academy: 
and  moved  to  Illinois  in  1846.  He  served 
in  the  union  army  during  the  civil  war  as 
colonel  of  the  eighty-fourth  regiment  Il 
linois  volunteer  infantry;  was  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Stone  River,  Dec.  31,  1862; 
had  two  horses  shot  from  under  him;  and 
was  presented  by  his  men  with  a  gold 
watch  for  gallantry  on  the  field  of  bat 
tle.  He  has  held  nearly  all  the  minor  of 
fices  in  the  gift  of  his  town  and  coun 
ty;  represented  his  district  for  four 
years  in  the  Illinois  state  legislature; 
and  for  eight  years  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate,  his  last  term  expiring  on 
Jan.  1.  1897.  He  has  retired  from  private 
and  public  service;  and  is  an  honored  citi 
zen  of  Vermont.  111. 


HAMER,  THOMAS  1...  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  sened  several  sessions  in  the  state 
legislature,  and  was  once  elected  speaker; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1833  to  1839.  He  entered  the 
army  as  a  private,  and  was  promoted  at 
once  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  He 
died  Dec.  2.  1846.  in  Mexico,  while  serv 
ing  in  the  army. 

HAMERSLEY,  JAMES  HOOKER, 
statesman,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1844, 
in  New  York.  He  was  sent  to  the  state 
convention  by  the  in 
dependent  republic 
ans  in  1877  as  a 
delegate.  Later  he 
was  nominated  for 
the  state  assembly 
from  the  eleventh 
district,  but  with 
drew  in  favor  of  his 
friend.  William  Wal 
dorf  Astor,  whom  hi 
labored  successfully 
to  elect.  He  writes 
upon  the  live  topics 
of  the  day,  and  many  poems  from  his  pen 
have  appeared  in  books,  periodicals  and 
newspapers.  Among  the  best  known  are 
The  Countersign;  Yellow  Roses;  Fog  Cur 
tain:  The  Midnight  Sun;  Ronkonkoma; 
Maseonomo:  and  Voice  of  the  Breakers. 

HAMERSLEY.  JOHN  WILLIAM,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  May  24,  1808,  in 
New  York  city.  He  has  attained  promi 
nence  as  a  successful  lawyer  of  New  York 
city.  He  was  the  author  of  Reminiscences 
of  Lady  Hester  Stanhope;  Lone  Ranch;  A 
Chemical  Change  in  Eucharist;  and  other 
works. 

HAMERSLEY,  LEWIS  RANDOLPH, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  in  1847  in  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia.  He  is  a  lieutenant  in 
the  United  States  marine  corps;  and  au 
thor  of  Records  of  Living  Officers  of  the 
United  States  Navy  and  Marine  Corps; 
and  Naval  Encyclopedia. 

HAMILL,  PATRICK,  merchant,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  28,  1817,  in 
Green  Glades,  Md.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  assembly  in  1843  and  1844;  and 
was  seven  years  judge  of  the  Orphans' 
court  of  Allegheny  county.  In  1867  he 
was  again  elected  judge  of  probate;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Mary 
land  to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

HAMILTON,  A.  H.,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  forty-fourth 
and  forty-fifth  congresses. 

HAMILTON.  ALEXANDER,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1757,  in  the 
West  Indies.  He  entered  the  army  as  an 
officer  of  artillery 
and  became  an  aid- 
de-camp  to  Washing 
ton,  with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant  -  colonel. 
He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental 
congress  in  1782  and 
1783,  and  in  1787  and 
1788:  in  1786  was 
elected  to  the  state 
assembly;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  convention 
which  framed  the 
federal  constitution;  by  his  writings, 
signed  Publius,  did  much  to  secure  its 
adoption,  but  was  the  only  member  from 
New  York  who  signed  that  instrument.  In 
1789  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  and  continued  in  that  office  un 
til  1795.  when  he  resigned.  In  1804  he 
had  a  difficulty  with  Aaron  Burr,  which 
resulted  in  a  duel,  which  took  place  at 


Hoboken.  when  he  received  a  fatal  shot, 
and  died  on  the  following  day.  July  12. 
1804. 

HAMILTON,  ALICE  KING,  author.  She 
is  a  novelist;  and  the  author  of  Mildred's 
Cadet;  and  One  of  the  Duanes. 

HAMILTON.  ALLEN  McLANE,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6.  1848.  in 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y.  He  is  a  physician  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Clinical 
Electro-Therapeutics;  Nervous  Dispases; 
Medical  Jurisprudence;  Types  of  Insan 
ity;  and  The  Modern  Treatment  of  Head 
aches. 

HAMILTON,  ANDREW,  merchant,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  Scotland.  In  1692  he 
was  appointed  governor  of  New  Jersey, 
and  served  for  five  years.  He  died  April 
20.  1703,  in  Burlington.  N.  J. 

HAMILTON.  ANDREW  JACKSON, 
merchant,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1815,  in  Madi 
son  county,  Ala.  He  held  the  office  of  at 
torney-general:  served  frequently  in  the 
legislature;  and  in  1856  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Texas  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress;  and  in  1862  was  appointed  military 
governor  of  Texas;  and  in  1865  provision 
al  governor  of  the  same  state.  He  was 
a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state.  He  died  April  10,  1875.  in  Austin, 
Texas. 

HAMILTON.  ARCHIBALD,  naval  offi 
cer.  He  served  in  the  United  States  navy 
as  a  lieutenant  under  Decatur,  when  the 
United  States  frigate  captured  the  Mace 
donian,  and  bore  the  captured  banners 
to  Washington  in  1813.  He  was  killed  in 
the  last  engagement  of  the  war.  in  Jan 
uary,  1815. 

HAMILTON,  CHARLES  M..  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in 
November,  1840,  in  Clinton  county.  Pa. 
In  1861  he  entered  the  union  army  as  a 
private,  participated  in  sixteen  battles, 
and  was  wounded  three  times.  He  was 
appointed  a  judge  advocate,  in  which  ca 
pacity  he  served  until  1865;  and  was  sub 
sequently  a  commissioner  of  refugees  in 
Florida.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Florida  to  the  fortieth  congress;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a 
republican. 

HAMILTON.  CORNELIUS  S.,  journal 
ist,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1821,  in  Muskingum 
county.  Ohio.  In  1850  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  constitutional  convention;  and 
in  1856  to  the  senate  of  the  state.  He  was 
subsequently  appointed  an  assessor  of  in 
ternal  revenue.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  fortieth 
congress.  He  was  killed  Dec.  21,  1867,  in 
Marysville.  Ohio. 

HAMILTON,  E.  M..  farmer,  soldier, 
politician,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1833,  in 
Brown  county.  111.  He  commenced  life  on 
a  Mississippi  packet,  and  soon  became 
first  steward.  During  the  civil  war  he 
enlisted  in  the  first  regiment  Minnesota 
\olunteer  infantry,  and  participated  in 
the  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  Cold  Har 
bor.  Deep  Bottom,  Reams  Station,  siege 
of  Petersburg,  Richmond,  and  was  at  the 
surrender  of  Lee.  He  has  served  several 
times  in  the  city  council  of  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.,  and  has  been  greatly  instrumental 
in  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  that 
city.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  people's  party;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
first  state  convention;  was  elected  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Omaha  convention;  and  at  that 
convention  was  elected  a  national  com- 
mitteeman. 


442 


HKRRINOSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HAMILTON,  EDWARD,  soldier,  law 
yer,  journalist,  was  born  in  Culpeper 
county,  Va.  He  served  in  the  Mexican 
war,  and  in  recognition  of  his  service 
was  appointed  secretary  of  the  territory 
of  Arizona  in  1850. 

HAMILTON,  EDWARD  JOHN,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1834 
in  Ireland.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man;  and  professor  of  philosophy  in  the 
state  university  of  Washington.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Human  Mind;  Mental  Sci 
ence;  The  Medalist,  or  the  Laws  of  Ra 
tional  Thought;  and  a  New  Analysis  in 
Fundamental  Modes,  a  short  treatise  in 
ethics. 

HAMILTON,  EDWARD  LA  RUE,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1857, 
in  Berrien  county,  Mich.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

HAMILTON,  ELIZABETH,  was  born 
Aug.  9,  1757,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  She  ren 
dered  assistance  to  her  husband  in  his  la 
bors,  counseled  him  in  his  affairs,  and 
kept  his  papers  in  order  for  him,  preserv 
ing  the  large  collection  of  manuscripts, 
which  was  acquired  by  the  United  States 
government  in  1849.  She  died  Nov.  9, 
1854,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HAMILTON,  FRANK  HASTINGS,  edu 
cator,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Sept.  10, 
1813,  in  Wilmington,  Vt.  He  was  a  dis 
tinguished  surgeon  of  New  York  city; 
and  for  many  years  professor  in  Bellevue 
hospital.  He  was  the  author  of  Strabis 
mus;  Fractures  and  Dislocations;  Mili 
tary  Surgery;  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Surgery;  and  Surgical  Memories  of  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion.  He  died  Aug.  11. 
1886,  in  New  York  city. 

HAMILTON,  HAMILTON,  artist,  was 
born  April  1,  1847,  in  England.  He  is 
distinguished  in  landscape  and  genre, 
Ixoth  in  oil  and  water-colors,  and  also  as 
an  etcher.  Among  his  chief  works  are 
The  Sisters:  Little  Sunbeam;  and  The 
Messenger. 

HAMILTON,  JAMES,  lawyer,  governor. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  8, 
1786,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In  1812  he 
served  with  distinction  on  the  Canadian 
frontier;  and  in  1823  was  elected  to  the 
South  Carolina  state  legislature.  From 
that  position  he  was  transferred  to  the 
national  house  of  representatives,  where 
he  remained  until  1829;  and  was  subse 
quently  chosen  governor  of  South  Caro 
lina.  Becoming  interested  in  the  republic 
of  Texas,  he  helped  to  promote  her  inde 
pendence,  and  went  to  Europe  as  minister 
plenipotentiary  from  that  republic.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Southern 
Quarterly  Review,  and  also  of  the  bank  of 
Charleston.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  a  senator  elect  in  congress  from  Tex 
as.  He  died  Nov.  15,  1857. 

HAMILTON,  JAMES,  philanthropist, 
lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1793,  in  Car 
lisle,  Pa.  He  labored  assiduously  in  the 
cause  of  education  and  was  for  many 
years  a  trustee  of  Dickinson  college.  He 
died  Jan.  23,  1873,  in  Carlisle,  Pa. 

HAMILTON,  JAMES,  artist,  was  burn 
in  1819  in  Ireland.  He  is  well  known  as 
the  spirited  illustrator  of  Dr.  Kane's  Arc 
tic  Expedition.  Among  his  pictures  are 
Capture  of  the  Serapis;  Old  Ironsides; 
An  Egyptian  Sunset;  Wrecked  Hopes; 
Coleridge's  Ancient  Mariner;  and  many 
subjects  from  the  Arabian  Nights. 

HAMILTON,  JAMES  ALEXANDER, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  14,  1788. 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Reminis 
cences  during  Three  Quarters  of  a  Cen 
tury;  and  Martin  Van  Buren's  Calum 
nies  Repudiated.  He  died  Sept.  24,  1878. 
in  Irvington,  N.  V 


HAMILTON,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  at  one  time  high  sheriff  of  Washing 
ton  county,  Pa.,  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state,  from  1805  to 
1807.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1837,  at  his  home. 

HAMILTON,  JOHN  CHURCH,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1792,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  lawyer  in  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Memoirs  of  Alex 
ander  Hamilton;  History  of  the  Republic; 
and  The  Prairie  Province.  He  edited  his 
father's  works.  He  died  July  25,  1882. 
in  Long  Branch,  N.  J. 

HAMILTON,  JOHN  MARSHALL,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  state  senator,  governor, 
was  born  May  28,  1847,  near  Richwood. 
Ohio.  He  entered  the  union  army  in  1864, 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  principal  of  the  academy  at  Henry, 
111.,  in  1868-69;  and  in  the  latter  year 
became  a  professor  of  Latin  at  the  Illi 
nois  Wesleyan  university.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  state  senator  in  1876;  and  was  elect 
ed  lieutenant-governor  in  1880.  By  the 
election  of  Gov.  Cullom  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  January,  1883,  he  became 
governor  of  Illinois  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  two  years. 

HAMILTON,  JOHN  McCLURE,  artist, 
was  born  in  1853  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  His 
most  important  painting  is  Le  rire,  which 
was  exhibited  in  the  National  academy  in 
New  York  in  1877,  and  at  the  Paris  expo 
sition  in  1878. 

HAMILTON,  JOHN  TAYLOR,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1843,  near  Geneseo, 
111.  He  removed  to  Iowa  in  1868;  is  not 
a  graduate  of  any 
college;  since  1868 
has  been  engaged  in 
the  wholesale  farm 
machinery  business; 
is  president  of  the 
Cedar  Rapids  Sav 
ings  bank,  and  a  di 
rector  in  the  Cedar 
Rapids  City  Nation 
al  bank;  president  of 
the  Cedar  Rapids 
Electric  Light  and 
Power  company.  He 
was  mayor  of  Cedar  Rapids;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  supervisors;  was 
three  times  a  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature,  and  speaker  of  the  house.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

HAMILTON,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  18,  1845,  in 
Weston,  W.  Va.  He  is  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  who  founded  the  People's  church 
in  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Memorials 
of  Jesse  Lee;  Lives  of  the  Methodist  Bish 
ops;  and  People's  Church  Pulpit. 

HAMILTON,  KATE  WATERMAN,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Scheneetady,  N.  Y.  She 
is  an  Illinois  writer  of  Sunday-School  and 
other  fictions.  Among  them  are,  The  Old 
Brown  House;  Frederick  Gordon;  Wood, 
Hay,  and  Stubble;  Rachel's  Share  of  the 
Road,  a  Novel;  and  The  Parson's  Proxy. 

HAMILTON,  MORGAN  CALVIN,  mer 
chant,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Feb.  25,  1809,  near  Huntsville,  Ala.  He 
was  a  clerk  in  the  war  department  from 
1838  until  1845,  acting  as  secretary  of  war 
a  portion  of  the  time.  He  was  appointed 
comptroller  of  the  treasury  of  Texas  in 
1867;  and  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the 
constitutional  convention  in  1868.  He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  on 
the  reconstruction  of  Texas,  and  took  his 
seat  in  1870;  and  was  also  elected  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1871  and  ending  in 
1877. 


HAMILTON,  MORRIS  R.,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  librarian,  was  born  May  24,  1820. 
in  Oxford  Furnace,  N.  J.  He  received  hie 
education  at  the  Trenton  academy,  and  in 
1839  graduated  from  the  college  of  New 
Jersey.  In  1842  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  practiced  his  profession  in  Cam- 
den,  N.  J.  During  1844-49  he  filled  a  posi 
tion  in  the  Philadelphia  postofflce,  and 
then  became  editor  of  The  True  American 
of  Trenton,  N.  J.  He  subsequently  became 
connected  with  several  prominent  daily 
newspapers.  During  1851-54  he  was  ap 
pointed  on  the  personal  staff  of  Gov.  Fort, 
with  the  rank  of  colonel.  Since  1884  he 
has  been  state  librarian,  .and  is  the  most 
thoroughly  qualified  librarian  that  New 
Jersey  has  ever  had.  He  is  prominently 
connected  with  various  fraternal  orders, 
and  has  been  prominent  in  the  public  and 
political  affairs  of  the  state  of  New  Jer 
sey. 

HAMILTON,  PAUL,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  Oct.  6,  1762,  in  St.  Paul's  parish. 
S.  C.  He  served  during  the  revolution; 
was  comptroller  of  South  Carolina  from 
1799  to  1804,  when  he  was  elected  govern 
or  of  the  state.  In  1809  he  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  navy.  He  died  June  30, 
1816,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 

HAMILTON,  PAUL,  soldier,  planter, 
was  born  Oct.  17,  1816,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Charles 
ton  college.  He  served  in  the  confeder 
ate  army  in  the  enrolling  department,  be 
ing  disabled  from  active  service.  He  was 
aide-de-camp  to  Gov.  Seabrook:  and  also 
to  Gov.  Manning,  with  the  rank  of  colo 
nel.  He  has  been  a  successful  planter, 
and  still  resides  in  the  place  of  his  na 
tivity. 

HAMILTON,  PAUL,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  13,  1842,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army  as  aid  to  Gen 
Wade  Hampton,  and  was  assistant  adju 
tant-general  to  Gen.  Stephen  D.  Lee  at 
Vicksburg,  where  he  fell  while  display 
ing  great  gallantry,  Dec.  29,  1862. 

HAMILTON,  PHILIP,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  June  1,  1802,  in  New  York  city 
He  was  assistant  district  attorney  in  New 
York  city,  and  for  some  time  judge  advo 
cate  of  the  naval  retiring  board  in  Brook 
lyn. 

HAMILTON,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  5, 
1816,  in  Hamburg,  N.  J.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Jersey  legislature  in  1868 
and  1864,  serving  the  last  year  as  speaker. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty - 
fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

HAMILTON,  ROBERT  S.,  author.  He 
is  the  author  of  Present  Status  of  Social 
Science;  and  Present  Status  of  the  Phi 
losophy  of  Society. 

HAMILTON,  SCHUYLER.  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  25,  1822,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  major-general  in  the  fed 
eral  army  during  the  civil  war;  and  is 
the  author  of  History  of  the  American 
Flag;  and  Our  National  Flag. 

HAMILTON,  WILLIAM  P..  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1845.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  navy,  and  was  one  of  the 
three  middies  who  ran  the  Nashville  out 
of  Beaufort  when  under  strict  blockade. 
He  died  May  3,  1875,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 

HAMILTON,  WADE,  clergyman,  was 
born  July  7,  1855,  in  Ashley  county,  Ark 
He  has  been  on  the  board  of  trustees  of 
Wiley  university  for  fourteen  years, 
and  president  of  the  board  for  two  years. 
He  has  built  a  large  number  of  churches 
and  parsonages,  and  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  church  literature. 


HEKR1NGSHAWS     KNCYCL.OPEDIA     OF    AMKKICAN     BIOGKAIMIY. 


443 


HAMILTON,  WILLIAM  TIFFANY, 
lawyer,  congressman,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1820,  in 
Washington  county,  Md.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature  in  1846;  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Maryland  from 
1849  to  1855;  and  in  1861  declined  the 
nomination  for  governor  of  Maryland.  He 
was  United  States  senator  from  Mary 
land  from  1869  to  1875;  and  was  elected 
governor  of  Maryland  for  the  term  of 
four  years  from  1880.  He  died  Oct.  26, 
1888,  in  Hagerstown,  Md. 

HAMLIN,  ALFRED  DWIGHT  FOSTER, 
educator,  architect,  author,  was  born  in 
1855  in  Turkey.  He  is  an  architect,  and 
has  been  professor  of  architecture  in  Co 
lumbia  college  since  1889.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Handbook  of  the  History  of  Orna 
ment. 

HAMLIN,  AUGUSTUS  CHOATE.  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28, 
1828,  in  Columbia,  Maine.  He  is  a  sur 
geon  of  Bangor;  and  the  author  of  Mar- 
tyria,  or  Andersouville  Prison;  The  Tour 
maline;  and  Leisure  Hours  Among  the 
Gems. 

HAMLIN,  CHARLES,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  13,  1837,  in  Hampden, 
Maine,  and  is  the  son  of  Hannibal  Ham- 
lln,  who  was  vice-president  of  the  United 
States.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  federal 
army  during  the  civil  war,  and  has  pub 
lished  The  Insolvent  Laws  of  Maine. 

HAMLIN.  CYRUS,  missionary,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  in  January, 
1811,  in  Waterford,  Maine.  He  was  a  con- 
gregationalist  mis 
sionary  in  Turkey, 
in  1837-60;  president 
of  Robert  college  of 
Constantinople  in 
1860-76,  and  of  Mid- 
dlebury  college,  Vt.. 
in  1880-85.  He  is  the 
author  of  Papists 
and  Protestants; 
Arithmetic  for  Amer 
icans;  Cholera  and 
Its  Treatment; 
Among  the  Turks; 
and  My  Life  and  Times. 

HAMLIN,  EDWARD  S..  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1844  to  1845. 

HAMLIN,  HANNIBAL,  statesman,  was 
born  Aug.  27,  1809,  in  Paris,  Maine.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Maine  legislature 
from  1836  to  1840; 
and  speaker  of  the 
house  in  1837,  1839. 
and  1840.  He  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  twenty- 
eighth  congress,  and 
re-elected  to  the 
twenty-ninth  con 
gress.  He  was  again 
a  member  of  the 
house  of  representa 
tives  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1847; 
and  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate,  May  26,  1848,  for  four  years,  to  fill 
a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  for  six 
years  in  1851.  He  was  elected  governor 
of  Maine  in  1857.  He  was  re-elected 
United  States  senator  for  six  years,  and 
resigned  the  office  of  governor.  In  1860 
he  was  nominated  by  the  republican  party 
as  their  candidate  for  the  office  of  vice- 
president,  and  was  elected.  In  1865  he  was 
appointed  collector  of  customs  for  the  port 
of  Boston;  and  in  1869  took  his  seat  in 
the  senate  for  the  fourth  term;  and  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1881. 
In  June  of  that  year  he  was  appointed 
minister  plenipotentiary  to  Spain,  but 


resigned  in  1882  and  returned  home.  He 
died  July  4,  1891,  in  Bangor,  Maine. 

HAMLIN,  TEUNIS  SLINGERLAND, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1847  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  Washington;  and  the  author  of 
Denominationalism  versus  Christian 
Union. 

HAMLINE,  LEONIDAS  LENT,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  May  10,  1797,  in  Bur 
lington.  Conn.  He  was  a  methodist 
bishop  prominent  in  Ohio;  and  the  author 
of  Sermons;  and  Works.  He  died  March 
23,  1865,  in  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa. 

HAMMER,  EDWARD  JOSIAH,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1862,  in  Fort 
Bend  county,  Texas.  He  practiced  law 
until  1894,  when  he  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  thirty-ninth  judicial  district  of 
Texas. 

HAMMER,  JOHN  T.,  artist,  was  born 
Jan.  1,  1842,  in  Germany.  He  studied  art 
in  Munich  and  Paris,  and  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  landscape  and  portrait 
painter. 

HAMMERS.  ISAAC  B.,  farmer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1861,  in 
Woodford  county,  111.  He  served  as  a 
member  of  the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth 
general  assemblies  of  Illinois. 

HAMMET,  WILLIAM  J..  clergyman, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He 
was  chaplain  of  the  university  of  Virginia, 
when  he  finished  his  education;  and  was 
at  one  time  chaplain  of  congress.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Mississippi  from  1843  to  1845. 

HAMMETT,  SAMUEL  A.,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1816  in  Jewett  City. 
Conn.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  A  Stray  Yankee 
in  Texas;  and  The  Wonderful  Adventures 
of  Captain  Priest.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1865. 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HAMMOCK,  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  lecturer,  writer,  was  born 
Dec.  24,  1866,  in  Calhoun  county,  Miss. 
He  began  educational  work  at  the  age  of 
sixteen;  has  taught  several  state  and 
county  normal  schools;  was  principal  of 
Heber  High  school  in  1891-92;  and  for 
four  years  was  superintendent  of  schools 
of  Cleburne  county,  Ark.  In  1890  he  was 
the  editor  of  The  Monitor  of  Quitman. 
Ark.,  in  which  city  he  is  now  success 
fully  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  He 
is  an  able  writer  on  current  topics,  and  a 
brilliant  orator. 

HAMMOND,  ABRAM  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
governor,  was  born  March,  1814,  in  Brat- 
tleboro,  Vt.  He  was  made  a  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  in  Indianapolis; 
emigrated  to  California  in  1852,  but  re 
turned  to  Indiana  in  1854,  locating  at  Ter- 
re  Haute.  In  1860  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  the  state,  serving  until  1861.  He 
died  Aug.  27,  1874,  in  Denver,  Colo. 

HAMMOND,  ANDREW  BENONI,  mer 
chant,  banker,  was  born  July  22,  1848, 
in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  converted 
his  firm  into  a  corporation  in  1885,  as 
the  Missoula  Mercantile  company,  and 
has  ever  since  been  its  president. 

HAMMOND,  ANTHONY,  lawyer,  au 
thor.  He  was  the  author  of  Law  of  Nisi 
Priiis;  Parties  to  Actions;  Principles  of 
Pleading;  Reports  in  Equity;  Criminal 
Code;  Forgery;  Practice  and  Proceedings 
in  Parliament;  Index  to  Tennessee  Re 
ports;  Criminal  Code;  and  Simple  Lar 
ceny. 

HAMMOND,  CHARLES  ADDISON,  cler 
gyman,  lawyer,  prohibitionist,  was  born 
Sept.  15,  1825,  in  Freetown,  N.  Y.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Cortlandville 
academy,  and  at  the  New  York  Central 
college.  For  three  years  he  was  cler 


gyman  of  the  church  of  Peterboro,  N.  Y. 
As  a  lawyer  his  work  has  been  largely  in 
behalf  of  public  interests,  and  for  years 
was  prosecuting  attorney  for  Citizens' 
committees  to  enforce  anti-liquor  laws  in 
Central  New  York.  In  early  life  he  was 
an  active  abolitionist,  and  the  intimate 
friend  of  Gerrit  Smith,  the  famous  abo 
litionist,  philanthropist  and  reformer.  Mr. 
Hammond  has  always  been  an  earnesl 
temperance  reformer;  and  one  of  the 
leading  prohibitionists  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
HAMMOND,  D.  JUDSON,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1841. 
in  Oakland  county,  Mich.  During  the 
war  he  was  drafted 
and  furnished  a  sub 
stitute;  and  at  the 
expiration  of  his 
lease  enlisted  and 
served  in  the  twen 
ty-second  and  twen 
ty-ninth  regiments 
Michigan  volunteer 
infantry.  After  the 
war  he  engaged  in 
the  speculation  of 
oil  in  Canada;  but 
subsequently  r  e  - 
turned  to  Michigan,  where  since  1871  he 
has  lived  in  Pontiac.  For  ten  years  he 
dealt  in  produce;  and  for  ten  years  was 
engaged  in  banking  and  real  estate,  in 
which  business  he  is  still  engaged.  He 
is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  and  other  orders; 
has  been  alderman  of  his  city;  and  in  1898 
served  with  distinction  as  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Michigan  state  legislature. 

HAMMOND,  DUDLEY  WHITLOCK. 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1809,  in 
Pickens  county,  S.  C.  In  1853  he  removed 
to  Macon,  Ga.  He  is  the  author  of  a  pa 
per  on  An  Improved  Plan  for  Extracting 
Urethra!  Calculi. 

HAMMOND,    EDWARD,     congressman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.     He  was  a  repre 
sentative    in    congress    from    that     state 
from  1849  to  1853. 

HAMMOND,  EDWARD  PAYSON,  evan 
gelist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1831,  in 
Ellington,  Conn.  He  is  a  noted  evangelist 
who  has  been  a  prolific  author  of  religious 
books  and  tracts.  Among  his  hundred  or 
more  publications  are,  Good  Will  to  Men: 
Sketches  of  Palestine;  The  Conversion  of 
Children;  and  Gathered  Lambs. 

HAMMOND,  ELI  SHELBY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  April  21,  1838. 
in  Brandon,  Miss.  He  served  in  the  con 
federate  states  army;  was  lieutenant  of 
the  second  Tennessee  infantry;  and  ad 
jutant  of  the  fourteenth  Tennessee  cav 
alry.  He  has  served  with  distinction  as 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  Tennessee. 

HAMMOND,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
physician,  state  senator,  poet,  was  born 
May  12,  1802,  in  Gilsum,  N.  H.  He  served 
his  district  as  state  senator  in  1855-56. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  rare  po 
ems.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1872,  in  Stock- 
bridge,  N.  Y. 

HAMMOND,  MRS.  HENRIETTA  HAR 
DY,  author,  was  born  in  1854  in  Virginia. 
She  was  a  southern  writer  of  fiction;  and 
the  author  of  The  Georgians;  A  Fair  Phi 
losopher;  Her  Waiting  Heart;  and  Wo 
man's  Secrets,  or  How  to  be  Beautiful. 

HAMMOND,  HENRY  B.,  lawyer,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1840,  in 
Douglas,  Mass.  In  1861  he  accepted  the 
position  of  consul  to  Dublin,  Ireland, 
and  was  instrumental  in  establishing  the 
money-order  system  at  present  existing 
in  the  postoffice.  In  1871  he  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Indiana  and  Illinois  Central 
railroad. 


444 


KKKINCSHASVS      KN< 'Y(  M.<  ll'Kl  >l  A     OF     A.MKKH'AN      111OOKA  I'l  I  Y. 


HAMMOND.  JABEZ  I).,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  2.  1778.  in  New  Bedford.  Mass. 
He  was  a  lawyer  and  popular  political 
writer  of  New  York.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1815  to  1817.  and,  on  the  expiration  of 
his  term,  was  elected  to  the  state  senate, 
of  which  he  was  a  member  until  1821.  He 
was  elected  county  judge  in  1838.  and 
he  was  elected  a  regent  of  the  university 
of  New  York,  and  held  the  office  until  his 
death.  He  published  works  entitled  Jul 
ius  Melbourn;  The  Political  History  of 
New  York;  Life  and  Times  of  Silas 
Wright;  and  Evidence  of  the  Immortality 
of  the  Soul.  He  died  Aug.  18.  1855.  in 
Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y. 

HAMMOND.  .1AMKS  I!.,  inventor.  was 
born  April  23,  1839.  in  Boston,  Mass.  II' 
invented  the  Hammond  typewriter. 

HAMMOND.  JAMES  HENRY,  lawyer, 
journalist,  governor.  United  States  seua 
tor,  author,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1807.  in 
Xewbury  district,  S.  C.  He  served  his  na 
tive  state  in  congress  from  1835  to  1837. 
In  1841  he  was  appointed  a  general  of 
militia;  and  in  1842  was  elected  govern 
or  of  South  Carolina.  In  1857  he  was 
elected  to  the  I'nited  States  senate  to  fill 
a  vacancy.  He  originated  the  expression 
Cotton  is  King.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Pro-Slavery  Argument.  He  died  Nov.  13. 
1864. 

HAMMOND,  JOHN,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  27. 
1827,  in  Crown  Point,  N.  Y.  He  served 
in  the  union  army  from  IXlil  to  1865,  ris 
ing  from  the  ranks  to  brigadier-general. 
He  was  elected  president  of  the  Crown 
Point  Iron  company;  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

HAMMOND.  JOHN  FOX.  physician, 
was  born  Dec.  7,  1821,  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 
He  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  the 
Fnited  States  army  in  1847.  In  1862  he  was 
medical  director  of  the  second  army  corps 
of  the  Potomac,  and  was  present  at  the 
siege  of  Yorktown  and  the  principal  bat 
tles  of  the  peninsula.  He  died  Sept.  29, 
1886,  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

HAMMOND.  LE  ROY,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1740  in  Richmond  county,  Va.  In 
1779  he  took  the  field  with  his  regiment 
and  played  an  important  part  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Stono  Ferry.  After  the  fall  of 
Charleston  he  adopted,  like  Marion  and 
others,  a  desultory  warfare,  and  was  con 
stantly  engaged  in  fighting  the  loyalists. 
British  and  Indians.  He  died  about  1800. 
HAMMOND.  MARCTS  Cl.Al'DU'S 
MARCELLUS,  soldier,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  12,  1814,  in  Newberry  district.  S.  C. 
He  was  a  United  States  army  officer 
whose  home  was  in  South  Carolina,  and 
who  published  A  Critical  History  of  the 
Mexican  war.  He  died  Jan.  23.  1876.  in 
Aiken  county.  S.  C. 

HAMMOND.  NATHANIEL  .1.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1833,  in 
Elbart,  Ga.  He  was  solicitor-general  from 
1861  to  1865;  was  reporter  of  the  state 
supreme  court  from  1867  to  1872;  and  was 
attorney-general  of  the  state  from  1872 
'  to  1877.  He  was  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  conventions  of  1865  and  1877. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Georgia  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh, 
forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

HAMMOND.  ROBERT  H..  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1837  to  1841.  He  died  June 
2,  1847. 


HAMMOND.  SAMUEL,  soldier,  states 
man,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1757,  in  Rich 
mond  county,  Va.  When  the  revolution 
broke  out  he  dis 
played  great  bravery 
and  ability  at  the 
battle  of  Long 
Bridge.  In  1793  he 
headed  a  volunteer 
corps,  and  did  good 
service  in  the  Creek 
country.  He  served 
a  number  of  years  in 
the  Georgia  legisla 
ture;  and  was  one  of 
the  early  governors 
of  the  state.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1803  to  1805;  and  was  appoint 
ed  military  and  civil  commandant  of  Up 
per  Louisiana  and  recenei  of  public 
moneys  in  Missouri.  He  was  also  presi 
dent  of  the  bank  of  St.  Louis.  In  1824  he 
returned  to  South  Carolina,  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature  of  that  state;  was 
appointed  surveyor  general:  and  in  1831 
secretary  of  state.  He  died  Sept.  11.  1842. 
in  Augusta,  Maine. 

HAMMOND.  THOMAS,  merchant,  ban 
ker,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  27.  1843. 
in  Fitchburg,  Mass.  In  the  spring  of  1888 
he  was  elected  mayor  of  Hammond,  Ind.. 
and  has  been  re-elected  twice  since,  serv 
ing  his  third  term  when  elected  to  con 
gress.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

HAMMOND,  WILLIAM  ALEXANDER, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1828. 
in  Annapolis,  Md.  He  is  an  eminent  phy 
sician  of  New  York  city,  surgeon-general 
of  the  United  States  army  in  1862-64;  and 
now  on  the  retired  list  as  brigadier-gen 
eral  and  surgeon-general.  His  medical 
writings  Include  Military  Hygiene;  Phy 
siological  Essays;  Sleep  and  its  Derange 
ments;  Nervous  Derangements;  Physio 
logical  Memoirs;  Lectures  on  Venereal 
Diseases;  Wakefulness;  Insanity  In  its 
Medico-Legal  Relations;  Physics  and 
Physiology  of  Spiritualism:  Diseases  of 
the  Nervous  System;  Insanity  and  its 
Medical  Relations:  Sexual  Impotence  In 
the  Male;  Cerebral  Hypenemia;  and  Neu 
rological  Contributions.  His  novels  in 
clude  Robert  Severne;  Lai;  Dr.  G rattan: 
Mr.  Oldmixon;  A  Strong-Minded  Woman: 
and  On  the  Susquehanna. 

HAMMONS.  DAVID,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1807,  in 
Oxford  county,  Maine.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  senate  of  Maine  In  1840  and  1841: 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine  from  1847  to  1849. 

HAMMONS,  JAMES  THOMPSON,  sol 
dier,  educator,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
Aug.  9,  1845,  in  Middleton,  Mass.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Pennington 
college.  Texas.  He  served  nearly  four 
years  in  the  confederate  army.  For  ten 
years  lie  was  engaged  in  educational 
work;  for  four  years  was  editor  of  The 
Anchor  of  Eastland.  Texas:  and  for  six 
years  served  with  distinction  as  county 
judge  of  his  county.  For  nearly  twenty 
years  he  has  been  in  the  active  practice 
of  law;  and  as  an  orator  is  known  as  the 
Demosthenes  of  the  Post  Oaks. 

HAMMONS,  JOSEPH,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  In  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1829  to  1833.  He 
died  In  April,  1833,  in  Farmington,  N.  H. 

HAMPTON.  CHARLES  S.,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1856,  in 
Medina.  Mich.  In  1875  he  graduated  from 
the  Adrian  college,  Michigan.  He  has 
served  with  distinct  ion  as  a  member  of 


the  Michigan  state  legislature;  has  been 
state  game  and  fish  warden  of  Michigan; 
and  has  filled  numerous  other  public  po 
sitions  of  honor.  He  is  the  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the  Independent  Democrat 
of  Petoskey.  Mich.;  and  has  contributed 
extensively  to  periodical  literature. 

HAMPTON.  JAMES  G..  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  from  1845  to  1849. 

HAMPTON.  MOSES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  28.  1808,  in 
Beaver  county.  Pa.  From  1847  to  1851 
he  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania,  and  declined  a  re-election. 
In  1853  he  was  elected  president  judge 
of  the  district  court  for  Allegheny  county. 

HAMPTON.  WADE,  soldier,  planter, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1765,  in  South 
Carolina.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
war  of  the  revolution:  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1795  to  1797,  and  from  1803  to  1805.  He 
spent  the  larger  part  of  his  life  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits,  by  which  he 
amassed  a  very  large  fortune,  having  been 
called  the  richest  planter  in  the  United 
States.  He  died  Feb.  4.  1835,  in  Columbia. 
S.  C. 

HAMPTON.  WADE,  soldier,  governor, 
congressman.  United  States  senator,  was 
born  March  28,  1818,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
At  different  times  he  served  in  both 
branches  of  the  legislature,  being  a  state 
senator  at  the  time  the  state  seceded.  He 
resigned  from  the  senate  and  entered  the 
confederate  army:  and  served  with  con 
spicuous  gallantry,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
major-general.  He  was  elected  governor 
of  South  Carolina  in  1876,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1878.  In  December  of  the  lat 
ter  year  he  was  elected  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  for  the  term  of  six  years 
from  March  4,  1879;  and  in  1885  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1891. 

HAMPTON,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  July  15,  1842,  in  Montgom 
ery',  Ala.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Altamont  academy  of  Tennes 
see.  During  the  war  he  served  as  captain 
of  the  tenth  regiment  Tennessee  cavalry. 
He  became  county  treasurer  of  Grundy 
county,  Tenn.;  and  subsequently  served 
as  assistant  United  States  marshal.  He 
has  become  prominent  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  Tracy  City.  Tenn. 

HAMTRAMCK.  JOHN  FRANCIS,  sol 
dier,  statesman,  jurist,  was  born  in  1798. 
in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  In  1835  he  was  cap 
tain  of  the  Virginia  militia,  and  held  this 
post  until  his  death.  He  served  in  the 
Mexican  war  as  colonel  of  the  first  regi 
ment  of  Virginia  volunteers.  In  1853  he 
was  appointed  justice  of  the  Jefferson 
county  court,  which  office  he  held  until 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  died  April  21. 
1858,  in  Shepherdstown. 

HANAFORD.  MRS.PHEBE  ANN  1  COF 
FIN],  clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born 
May  6,  1829,  in  Nantucket,  Mass.  She  is  a 
universalist  minister,  the  first  woman  to 
enter  the  ministry  in  the  universalist  de 
nomination.  Since  1887  she  has  been  in 
charge  of  a  church  at  New  Haven.  She 
is  the  author  of  Life  of  Abraham  Lin 
coln;  Life  of  George  Peabody;  Lucretia 
the  Quakeress;  Leonette.  or  Truth  Sought 
and  Found;  The  Best  of  Books  and  its 
History;  Frank  Nelson,  the  Runawa> 
Boy;  The  Soldier's  Daughter;  Field. 
Gunboat,  and  Hospital;  Women  of  the 
Century;  The  Capthe  Boy  of  Tierra  del 
Fuego;  Life  of  Dickens;  and  From 
Shore  to  Shore,  and  Other  Poems. 


HKKKINCJHHAW8 


HAN  BACK,     LEWIS,     soldier,     lawyer 
mo       <>(?"?re;ssman-  was   born  March"  21 

and  '.'h-Y  Im'heStei''  I1K  He  sei've"  ""'OH 
and  a  half  years  in  the  union  army  dur 
ing  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  He  was  pro 
bate  judge  of  Shawnee  county,  Kan.,'  for 
torn  years;  was  assistant  United  States 

morenthy    T   Ule    dl8trict   of   Kansas    for 
.01  e  than  two  years;    and  in  1879  was  ap- 

H  ?  K/e0e»er  °f  P"bli<>  monevs  at  Sa- 
vo'f        V         Was  eleote(1  a  representa 
tive  from  Kansas  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress;     and   was  re-elected    to  the  fortv- 
Hh  congress  as  a  republican 
HANCHER,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  educator 
clergyman,   was  born   April  9,   1856    near 

™*    T  Ohi°i.    Durln*  six  >'eal's  of  his 
pastorates  in   Kansas  and    Iowa  he   pur- 

frnm  th"  *^es-  aiul  in  1888  graduated 
from  the  Dakota  School  of  Mines.  He  has 
traveled  extensively  in  Europe  and  Amer 
ica;  and  is  a  man  of  strong  will-power 
and  untiring  perseverance.  Dr  Hancher 
is  the  founder  of  the  Black  Hills  college 
of  Hot  Springs.  S.  IX:  and  was  its  presi- 
lent  from  its  organization  in  1889  He 
has  lectured  extensively  through  the  wesf 
has  been  a  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
nscopal  church  since  1889;  and  since 
March  15,  1897,  has  been  pastor  of  the 
Grand  A  venue  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

HANCHETT.  HENRY  G..  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Aug.  29  1853  He  is 
a  successful  concert  pianist;  and  has 
MOO  director  of  various  musical  societies 
in  New  York. 

HANCHETT,    LUTHER,    lawyer,    state 
'nator,   congressman,   was   born  Oct    25 
825,    in   Portage  county,   Ohio.      He   was 
four  years    district  attorney   for    Portage 
county   in   his  adopted   state;     and   from 
isnb  to  I860  was  a  member  of  the  Wiscon 
sin  senate.     In  I860  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress.     He  died  Nov    26    1862 
in  Madison,  Wis. 

HANCHETT,  M.  W..  musician  invent 
or,  was  born  in  Hartford  county,  Conn 
tor  many  years  he  has  been  conductor  of 
music  and  organist  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  He 
is  the  inventor  of  a  tone-sustaining  pedal 
for  the  pianoforte,  now  used  bv  piano 
artists. 


OF    AMERICAN     BKXHUPHY. 


44? 


a  member  of  the  convention  to  form  a 
state  constitution:  and  was  governor  of 
Massachusetts  for  five  years,  after  the 
adoption  of  its  constitution,  and,  under 
he  federal  constitution  from  1789  until 
Ins  death.  He  died  Oct.  8,  1793. 


HANCOCK,  JOHN.  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  29   1824    in  Jack 
son  county,  Ala.  He  was  elected  to  the  dis- 
•t  bench  of  Texas;  and  served  as  judge 
18oo,  when  he  resigned.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  In  I860  and 
:    refused  to  take  the  oath  of  allegi 
ance   to  the  confederate  states,   and   was 
expelled.     He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state   constitutional    convention    of    1866 
?   was  elected   to   the   forty-second   and' 
-third  congresses;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  was  also 
elected    a    representative   from    Texas   to 
the  forty-eighth  congress. 

HANCOCK.   WILLIAM  A.,    lawyer,    ju- 
it,  civil  engineer,  was  born  May  17   1831 
in  Barre.  Mass.     He  received  his  education 
m  the  public  and  private  schools  of  his 
native  city  and  at  Leicester  academy     In 
5  he  moved  to  Iowa,  and  subsequently 
crossed  the  plains  with  a  band  of  cattle 
settling  in  Sacramento  valley    Cal     where 
he  engaged  in  the  dairy  and  cattle  busi- 
During  the   civil   war  he   enlisted 
the  seventh  regiment  California  volun 
teer  Infantry;    and  was  subsequently  com- 
ssioned   second   lieutenant   of   the   first 
regiment    Arizona    volunteers,    and    was 
honorably  discharged  as  first   lieutenant 
In  1871  he  was  appointed  district  attorney 
Mancopa    county,    which    position    he 
tilled  until   1875,  when  he  was  appointed 
probate  judge  for  four  years.     In  1884  he 
was   elected   district   attorney;     and   now 
practices  his  profession  at  Phoenix    Ariz 
He  surveyed  and  located  many  of  the  irri 
gation  canals  of  the  valley;    was  the  pro 
moter   and    organizer   of   the    Agua    Fria 
Water  and  Land  company;    and  has  been 
its  secretary,  chief  engineer  and  general 
superintendent  since  the  organization  of 
that  company. 


HANCOCK,  ANSON  URIEL,  author 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Genius  of  Galilee 
an  historical  novel;  John  Auhurntop 
Novelist;  and  Old  Abraham  Jackson  a 
Nebraska  Story. 

HANCOCK,  GEORGE,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1755,  in  Virginia.  He 
served  as  a  colonel  in  the  revolution, 
e  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
\  irginia  from  1793  to  1797.  He  died  Aug 
1,  1820,  in  Fotheringay,  Va. 

HANCOCK,    JOHN,    merchant,    states 
man,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1737.  in   Quiney 
Mass.     In  1766  he  went  into  the  general 
assembly    of   the 
state,   where   he   be 
came      distinguished 
for    his    ability.      In 
1774    he    was   unani 
mously  elected  pres 
ident  of  the  provin 
cial    congress,    and 
having   been   elected 
a     delegate     to     the 
continental   congress 
in  1775,   was   chosen 
president    of    that 
body,  serving  as  such 
two  years  and  a  half,  and  as  a  delegate 
rom  1775  to  1780,  and  from  1785  to  1786. 
e  was  the  first  man  to  sign  the  declara 
tion  of  independence,  and  his  peculiar  sig 
nature    is    universally    known.      He    also 
signed  the  articles  of  confederation-    was 


HANCOCK.    WINFIELD    SCOTT     sol 
dier,   was    born    Feb.    14,   1824,    in   Mont 
gomery  square,   Pa.     He  graduated   from 
the  West  Point  Mili- 
t  a  r  y    academy     i  n 
1844;     and     for     the 
two   years   following 
he   was  second   lieu 
tenant    of    the   sixth 
infantry.     He  served 
with    distinction    in 
the    Mexican    war; 
and  in  1861  was  com 
missioned    brigadier- 
general.   For  his  ser 
vices    he   received    a 
resolution   of  thanks 
passed    by   congress   in  1866.     In   1880  he 
was   an    unsuccessful    candidate    for    the 
presidency  of  the  United  States.     He  died 
Feb.  9,  1886,  on  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y. 

HAND,  ALFRED,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  26,  1835,  in  Honesdale,  Pa. 
He  has  been  presiding  judge  of  common 
pleas,  and  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Pennsylvania  at  Scranton. 

HAND,  AUGUSTUS  C..  lawyer  jurist 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  4  1803  in 
Stoneham,  Vt.  He  settled  at  Elizabeth- 
town.  N.  Y. ;  and  was  surrogate  of  his 
county  from  1831  to  1839.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1839  to  1841;  and  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  from  1845  to  1848.  He  was  a 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  from  1848  to 
1856,  after  which  he  was  wholly  devoted 
to  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  died 
March  8,  1878.  in  Elizabethtown,  N  Y 


HAND,  DANIEL,  merchant,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  July  16,  1801,  in  Madison 

onn.  He  became  a  merchant  in  Au 
gusta,  Ga..  and  Charleston,  S.  C  where 
he  accumulated  a  fortune.  He  'gave  a 
high-school  building  to  his  native  town' 
and  m  1888  gave  $1,000,000  to  the  Ameri 
can  Missionary  association,  to  be  held  in 
trust  for  educational  purposes.  He  died 
Dec.  17,  1891,  in  Guilford  Conn 

HAND,  DANIEL  WHILLDIN,  surgeon 
educator,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1834,  in  New' 
Jersey.  Since  1872  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Minnesota  board  of  health. 

1  OO9  ll^rtllil,  1H 

188,5  was  appointed  professor  of  surgerv 
m  the  university  of  Minnesota,  and  is  one 
cietv  umiers  of  the  state  Medical  so- 

HAND,    EDWARD,    congressman.      He 
was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
itinental  congress  in  1784  and  1785. 
HAND,    EDWARD,    soldier,    was    born 
U«C.   31.    1744,   in    Ireland.     He   was  pro 
moted  a   colonel  in  1776;    engaged  in  the 
battles  of  Long  Island  and  Trenton    and 
was  appointed  brigadier-general.    He  died 
Sept.  3,  1802,  in  Rockford   Pa. 

HAND,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  May  1,  1834,  in  Elizabethtown  N  Y 
He  practiced  law  with  his  father  in'Eliza- 
bethtown  till  his  removal  in  1860  to  Al 
bany.  He  was  corporation  counsel  for  the 
city  of  Albany  in  1863,  and  subsequentlv 
a  judge.  He  died  May  21,  1886,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y. 

HANDLEY,  GEORGE,  soldier,  state  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  Feb.  9   1752  in 
England.    During  the  whole  revolutionary 
war  he    was   actively   engaged    in   South 
C  arolma  and  Georgia.    He  was  repeatedly 
a  member  of  the  Georgia  state  legislature 
of  which  state  he  served  as  governor  in 
1788.     He  died  Sept.  17,  1793.  in  Rae's  Hall 
Ga. 

HANDLEY,  WILLIAM  A.,  merchant 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1834  in 
Franklin.  Ga.  He  was  for  many  years  a 
mail  contractor;  and  was  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits  in  the  service  of  the  con 
federate  states,  as  a  civil  and  military 
offlcer  from  1861  to  1865.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-second  congress  as  represen 
tative  from  Alabama. 

HANDY,  ALEXANDER  HAMILTON 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1809,  in  Princess 
Anne,  Md.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  high 
court  of  errors  from  1853  till  1867  when 
he  resigned.  He  died  Sept.  12,  1883  in 
Canton,  Miss. 

HANDY,  JAMES  A.,  bishop,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1826.  in  Maryland.  In  1892  he 
was  ordained  bishop,  his  district  compris 
ing  methodist  episcopal  churches  in  Mis 
souri,  Kansas.  Nebraska,  Colorado  Wyo 
ming,  and  Montana. 

HANDY,  LEVI  IRVING,  educator,  jour 
nalist,    lecturer,    congressman,   was    born 
Dec.  24,  1861,  in  Berlin,  Md.    He  attended 
public     and     private 
schools  in  Maryland 
and   New   York; 
taught    school    in 
Somerset    county, 
Md.,     and     came    to 
Smyrna,    Del.,    to 
teach    in    1881.      He 
was     superintendent 
of     free     schools     in 
Kent  county  in  1887- 
90;    was  chairman  of 
the  democratic  state 
central  committee  in 
and  was  editorial  writer  on  Wil 
mington  Every  Evening  in  1894-95.     He  is 
a  popular  lecturer  and  has  since  1890  de 
livered  lectures  in  lyceum  courses  in  many 
sections  of  the  country.     He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth   congress  as  a  democrat. 


146 


IIKHRINGBHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HANEY,  DICK,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Nov.  10,  1852,  in  Lansing,  Iowa.  He 
has  been  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of 
South  Dakota  from  its  admission  to  the 
union  to  Feb.  1,  1896,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  that 
state. 

HANFORD,  CORNELIUS  H.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  April  21,  1849,  in  Van 
Buren  county,  Iowa.  He  is  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  the  west,  and  promi 
nent  in  the  public  affairs  of  Washington 
territory.  He  has  served  as  city  attorney 
of  Seattle;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
council  of  Washington  territory.  He 
served  with  distinction  as  chief  justice  of 
Washington  territory;  and  is  now  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  state  of  Wash 
ington. 

HANKINSON,  RICHARD  H.,  merchant, 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  7, 1841,  in  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  city; 
and  in  1861  enlisted 
in  the  eighth  Michi 
gan  volunteer  infan 
try,  and  served  with 
gallantry  throughout 
the  war;  and  was 
promoted  to  first  ser 
geant.  For  many 
years  he  was  super 
intendent  of  the 
Northwestern  Tele 
graph  company  in 
Minneapolis,  Minn.  In  1878  he  organized 
the  Northwestern  Telephone  company, 
and  was  its  first  general  manager.  In 
1882  he  moved  to  Hankinson,  N.  D.,  where 
he  has  attained  success  as  a  merchant. 
He  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  first  and  fifth  state  legislatures  of 
North  Dakotn. 

HANKS,  HORACE  TRACY,  physician, 
was  born  June  27,  1837,  in  Randolph.  Vt. 
He  was  secretary  for  several  years  and 
vice-president  for  three  years  of  the  New 
York  Academy  of  Medicine.  He  is  a  pro 
lific  writer  for  medical  publications. 

HANKS,  JAMES  M.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1833,  in  He 
lena,  Ala.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the 
first  district  of  Arkansas  in  1864,  and  re 
mained  upon  the  bench  until  1868.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-second  congress 
as  a  representative  from  his  native  state. 

HANLON,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  was  born  March  23,  1832,  in  New  York 
city.  He  has  been  president  of  Penning- 
ton  seminary  since  1876. 

HANLY,  J.  FRANK,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  4,  1863,  in 
Champaign  county,  111.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Indiana  state  senate  in  1890;  and 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

HANNA.  HOWARD  MELVILLE,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1840,  in  Lis 
bon,  Ohio.  In  1886  he  organized  the  Globe 
Iron  Works  company  of  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
and  became  president.  From  these  works 
have  been  launched  fifty  steel  steamers, 
and  several  other  vessels  for  the  federal 
government  and  private  owners. 

HANNA.  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Sept.  3,  1827,  in  Marion  county, 
Ind.  He  removed  to  Kansas,  and  was  a 
representative  in  its  territorial  legislature 
in  1857  and  1858.  He  returned  to  Indiana; 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1860.  In 
1861  he  was  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  district  of  Indiana, 
and  was  reappointed  in  1865.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  in 
the  forty-fifth  congress. 


HANNA,  JOHN  A.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1797  to  1805. 

HANNA,  MARCUS  ALONZO,  financier, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  24, 
1837    in  New  Lisbon,  Ohio.     He  is  presi 
dent    of    the    Union 
National     i>  ;i  n  k    a  f 
^^K^.         E   Cleveland;     and   was 
government   director 
of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railway  company  in 
1885,  by  appointment 
of    President    Cleve 
land.     He  was  a  del 
egate  to  the  national 
republican      conven 
tions    of    1884,    1888, 
and  1896;  was  elected 
chairman  of  the  na 
tional  republican  committee  in  1896,  and 
still    holds    that    position.      He    was    ap 
pointed  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
republican  in  1897,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

HANNA.  ROBERT,  soldier,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  April  6,  1786,  in 
Laurens,  S.  C.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Indiana  constitutional  convention  of  1816; 
and  a  general  of  militia.  He  was  for 
many  years  in  the  state  legislature;  and 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1831  to  1832.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1858, 
in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

HANNA,  WILLIAM  BRANTLY.  jurist. 
was  born  Nov.  23,  1835,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  assistant  district  attorney  of 
Philadelphia  for  several  years,  and  from 
1867  till  1874  served  in  the  councils  of 
the  city.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  constitutional  convention  of  the 
state.  In  1874  he  was  elected  one  of  the 
three  first  judges  of  the  orphans'  court 
of  Philadelphia;  and  in  1878  was  commis 
sioned  to  be  the  first  president  judge  of 
this  court. 

HANNEGAN.  EDWARD  A.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  frequently  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  a 
representative  i  n 
congress  from  In 
diana  from  1833  to 
1837.  He  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from 
1843  to  1849,  officiat 
ing  part  of  the  time 
as  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  roads 
and  canals  and  on 
enrolled  bills;  on  his 
retirement  from  the 

senate  he  was  appointed  minister  to  Prus 
sia,  and  on  his  return  from  Europe  took 
up  his  residence  in  Missouri.  He  died 
Feb.  25,  1850,  In  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

HANNIBAL,  RASMUS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  10,  1850,  in  Denmark.  He 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  successful 
lawyer  of  St.  Paul,  Neb.  He  was  elected 
county  judge  of  Howard  county,  Neb., 
which  position  he  has  filled  with  distinc 
tion,  and  is  now  serving  his  fifth  term 
in  that  office,  which  will  make  ten  years 
in  all. 

HANRAHAN,  JOHN  DAVID,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1844,  in  Ireland. 
He  has  attained  prominence  as  a  physi 
cian,  and  has  a  lucrative  practice  in  New 
York  city. 

HANSBROUGH,  HENRY  C.,  journalist, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Jan.  30,  1848,  in  Prairie  du  Rocher, 
111.  He  removed  to  the  then  territory  of 
Dakota  In  1882,  engaging  in  journalism: 
became  prominent  as  an  advocate  of  thP 


republican  policy  of  division  and  admis 
sion;  and  was  twice  elected  mayor  of 
his  city.  He  received  the  republican  nom 
ination  for  congress  at  the  first  state 
convention  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress.  He  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  as  a  republican  in 
1891. 

HANSCOM,  CHARLES  WATTS,  manu 
facturer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1853. 
in  Machias,  Maine.  In  1886  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  fifteenth  territorial  leg 
islature  of  Montana.  In  1890  he  assisted 
in  the  formation  of  the  people's  party  in 
Montana. 

HANSCORN,  ABNER  LEWIS,  farmer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1848,  in 
Springfield,  Maine.  He  has  filled  numer 
ous  public  offices  of  trust  in  North  Da 
kota;  and  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  state  senate. 

HANSON,  ALEXANDER  CONTEE,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1749.  He  was  the 
first  judge  of  the  general  court  of  Mary 
land  under  the  constitution  of  1776,  and 
prepared  a  compilation  of  the  laws  of  the 
state.  He  died  in  1806,  in  Annapolis,  Md 

HANSON,  ALEXANDER  CONTEE. 
lawyer,  journalist,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1786,  in 
Maryland.  He  was  a  presidential  elector 
in  1789  and  1793;  and  at  one  time  edited 
a  political  newspaper  called  the  Federal 
Republican,  first  at  Baltimore  and  then  at 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  He  subsequently  is 
sued  his  paper  in  Georgetown;  afterward 
settled  in  Baltimore;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress,  serving  from 
1813  to  1816,  when  he  was  elected  a  sena 
tor  of  the  United  States  from  Maryland 
He  died  April  23,  1810,  in  Belmont,  Md. 

HANSON,  EDGAR  FILMORE,  .author, 
was  born  in  1853,  in  Maine.  He  was  the 
author  of  Demonology  or  Spiritualism, 
Ancient  and  Modern. 

HANSON.  ELIZA  RICE,  author,  was 
born  April  11,  1825,  in  Norridgewock. 
Maine.  She  published  Women  Workers,  a 
popular  book.  She  died  Sept.  16,  1865,  in 
Blue  Island,  111. 

HANSON,  JAMES  H.,  educator,  author, 
was  born  June  26,  1816,  in  China,  Maine. 
In  1865  he  took  charge  of  the  Watervillc 
academy,  making  it  a  preparatory  school 
to  Colby  university.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  Latin  prose  book  and  other  text-books- 
used  extensively  in  preparatory  schools 
and  colleges. 

HANSON,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  continen 
tal  congress  from  1781  to  1783;  and  pres 
ident  of  that  body  during  the  first  ses 
sion,  and  a  signer  of  the  articles  of  con 
federation.  He  died  Nov.  13.  1783.  in 
Prince  George  county. 

HANSON,  JOHN  WESLEY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  12,  1823,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  He  received  a  thorough  education 
in  the  private  and  public  schools  of  Mass 
achusetts,  in  Lowell  and  Boston.  During 
the  civil  war  he  was  chaplain  of  the  sixth 
regiment  Massachusetts  volunteer  infan 
try.  He  has  attained  eminence  as  a  suc 
cessful  clergyman:  and  for  many  years 
he  has  been  editor  of  the  New  Covenant 
of  Chicago,  111.  He  Is  the  author  of 
about  thirty  volumes,  the  most  notable  of 
which  are:  Histories  of  Danvers,  Nor 
ridgewock.  and  Gardiner,  in  Maine;  Bible 
Threatenings  Explained;  Cloud  of  Wit 
nesses,  a  compilation;  Aion  Aionos;  Bi 
ble  Proofs  of  Universal  Salvation:  Ser 
mons  on  the  Lord's  Prayer;  The  Leaven 
at  Work:  and  The  New  Covenant,  a 
translation  of  the  New  Testament. 


HKKR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


447 


HAPGOOD,  ISABELLA  FLORENCE, 
translator,  author,  was  born  in  1850,  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  a  translator  from 
the  Russian  and  French;  and  the  author 
of  The  Epic  Songs  of  Russia;  Russian 
Rambles;  and  Translations  of  Gogol  and 
Victor  Hugo. 

HARADEN,  JONATHAN,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1745,  in  Gloucester,  Mass. 
When  the  war  of  independence  began  he 
joined  the  Tyrannicide  as  first  lieuten 
ant,  and  shortly  afterward  was  promoted 
captain,  and  appointed  to  the  command  of 
the  Pickering.  He  died  Nov.  .26,  1803,  in 
Salem,  Mass. 

HARALSON,  HUGH  A.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1805,  in 
Greene  county,  Ga.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  Georgia  legisla 
ture;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1843  to  1851.  He  participated 
in  the  military  affairs  of  the  state,  and 
was  a  major-general  of  militia.  He  died 
in  October,  1854.  in  his  home. 

HARALSOEN,  JEREMIAH,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  April  1,  1846, 
in  Muscogee  county,  Ga.  In  1870  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature;  in  1871 
a  justice  of  the  peace;  and  was  for  three 
years  president  of  the  Alabama  Labor 
union.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a  state  sen 
ator;  and  in  1874  was  elected  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  from  the  state  of 
Alabama  as  a  republican. 

HARBAUGH,  HENRY,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1817, 
near  Waynesborough,  Pa.  He  was  a  Ger 
man  reformed  clergyman  of  Pennsylvania, 
professor  in  Mercersburg  seminary,  whose 
principal  writings  include  Fathers  of  the 
German  Reformed  Church  in  Europe  and 
America;  The  Heavenly  Home;  Christo- 
logical  Theology;  The  True  Glory  of  Wo 
man;  Heaven,  or  the  Sainted  Dead;  Birds 
of  the  Bible;  The  Golden  Censor;  and 
Union  with  the  Church.  He  died  Dec.  28, 
1867,  in  Mercersburg,  Pa. 

HARBAUGH,  THOMAS  CHALMERS, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1849,  in 
Middletown,  Md.  He  is  the  author  of 
numerous  poems  of 
the  events  of  the  civ 
il  war,  which  have 
been  delivered  at 
regimental  reunions 
and  Grand  Army 
gatherings.  He  de 
voted  his  whole  time 
to  literature,  and  is 
the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  enti 
tled  Maple  Leaves; 
and  various  other 
works.  His  poems 
have  been  given  a  place  in  several  stand 
ard  collections. 

HARBERT,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  BOYN- 
TON,  lecturer,  journalist,  author,  poet, 
was  born  April  15,  1843,  in  Crawfords- 
ville,  Ind.  She  delivered  her  first  lecture 
in  Crawfordsville  in  1869;  succeeded  in 
inducing  the  republicans  of  Iowa  to  put 
into  the  state  platform  a  woman's  plank; 
and  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in 
the  woman's  suffrage  movement.  For 
eight  years  she  edited  the  woman's  de 
partment  of  the  Chicago  Inter  Ocean;  and 
is  the  author  of  The  Golden  Fleece;  Out 
of  Her  Sphere;  and  Amore. 

HARBY,  ISAAC,  dramatist,  author, 
was  born  in  1788,  in  Charleston.  S.  C. 
He  was  a  dramatist  of  Charleston  whose 
plays  include  Alexander  Severus;  The 
Gordian  Knot;  and  Alberti.  He  died  Nov. 
14,  1828,  in  New  York  city. 

HARBY,  MRS.  LEE  COHEN,  author, 
was  born  in  1849.  in  South  Carolina.  She 


is  a  New  York  writer,  formerly  of  Texas, 
who  has  published  Christmas  Before  the 
War. 

HARCOURT,  ASHTON  PERRY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  July  6,  1832,  in  Mt. 
Eden,  Ky.  He  has  served  twice  as  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  state  legisla 
ture. 

HARD,  ANSON  WALES,  importer,  was 
born  Oct.  16,  1841,  in  Arlington,  Vt.  In 
1875  he  formed  the  present  house  of  Hard 
and  Rand,  coffee  importers,  now  recog 
nized  as  a  leading  concern  in  the  business, 
having  branch  houses  in  Santos,  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  London  and  Batavia. 

HARD,  GIDEON,  state  senator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1833  to 
1837;  and  a  state  senator  from  1842  to 
1847. 

HARD,  MANLEY  S.,  clergyman,  was 
born  Oct.  4,  1842,  in  Penfield,  N.  Y.  He 
graduated  from  the  Genesee  Wesleyan 
seminary  of  Lima, 
N.  Y.,  and  from  the 
Syracuse  university. 
He  is  a  pastor,  pre 
siding  elder,  and 
member  of  four  gen 
eral  conferences,  and 
secretary  in  each. 
For  twenty  years  he 
has  been  secretary  in 
the  central  New  York 
and  Wyoming  con 
ferences  of  the  meth- 
odist  episcopal 
church;  a  trustee  of  the  New  York  State 
Custodial  Asylum  for  Feeble  Minded  Wo 
men;  trustee  of  the  Wyoming  Conference 
seminary  and  the  Syracuse  university; 
and  a  member  of  various  boards  and  as 
sociations. 

HARD.  MIRONE,  educator,  was  born 
Dec.  6,  1849,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  In  1873 
he  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
university;  and  has  since  principally  been 
engaged  in  educational  work.  For  four 
years  he  was  principal  of  the  high  school 
at  Washington  Court  House,  Ohio;  for  ten 
years  was  superintendent  of  instruction 
at  Gallipolis,  Ohio;  and  since  1887  has 
been  superintendent  of  instruction  at  Sa 
lem,  Ohio.  He  is  now  the  honored  presi 
dent  of  the  Ohio  State  Teachers'  associa 
tion. 

HARDEE,  WILLIAM  JOSEPH,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  about  1817,  in  Savannah, 
Ga.  He  was  a  confederate  general  who 
was  the  author  of  a  well-known  work  on 
Rifle  and  Light  Infantry  Tactics.  He  died 
Nov.  6,  1873,  in  Wytheville,  Va. 

HARDEMAN.  ROBERT  ULLA,  soldier, 
financier,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1838,  in  Bibb 
county,  Ga.  He  served  as  captain  and 
acting  adjutant  in  the  Virginia  army  un 
til  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  state 
treasurer  of  Georgia  in  1884-92. 

HARDEMAN,  THOMAS,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  12,  1825,  in  Eatonton,  Ga.  In  1853 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
Georgia  state  legislature;  and  in  1855  was 
elected  state  senator.  In  1857  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  assembly;  and  in  1859 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Georgia.  He  served  with  distinction 
in  the  confederate  army  during  the  civil 
war;  was  again  elected  to  the  assembly 
in  1863,  and  was  speaker  of  the  house; 
was  re-elected  in  1864,  and  was  again 
made  speaker.  In  1874  he  was  again 
elected  a  representative  in  the  state  leg 
islature,  and  was  chosen  speaker  of  the 
house.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Georgia  to  the  forty-eighth  congress. 


HARDENBERGH,  AUGUSTUS  A., 
banker,  railroad  president,  congressman, 
was  born  May  18,  1830,  in  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.  J.  In  1853  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature;  and  in  1868  was  elected 
state  director  of  railroads.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  Jersey 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress;  de 
clined  renomination;  and  in  1878  was 
elected  president  of  the  Hudson  County 
National  bank.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-seventh  congress:  and  declined  a 
further  renomination. 

HARDENBERGH,  GIRAR1)  RUTGERS, 
artist,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1856,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  has  attained  prom 
inence  as  a  painter  of  birds. 

HARDENBERGH,  JACOB  RUTSEN, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born  in 
1738,  in  Rosendale,  Ulster  county,  N.  Y. 
He  was  the  first  president  of  Rutgers  col 
lege,  of  which  institution  he  was  one  of 
the  founders.  He  died  Oct.  30,  1790.  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J. 

HARDEY,  MARY  ALOYSIA,  mother 
superior,  was  born  in  1809,  in  Prince 
George  county,  Md.  She  was  a  noted  phi 
lanthropist.  She  died  June  17,  1886,  in 
Paris,  France. 

HARDIE,  JAMES,  educator,  author, 
was  born  about  1750,  in  Scotland.  He 
was  an  educator  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  Corderii  Colloquia;  Episto 
lary  Guide;  Freeman's  Monitor;  Won 
ders  of  Art  and  Nature,  especially  in 
America;  Biographical  Dictionary;  Ma 
lignant  Fevers  in  New  York;  Viris  II- 
lustribus  Urbis  Romse;  and  Description  of 
New  York  City.  He  died  in  1832,  in  New 
York  city. 

HARDIE,  JAMES  ALLEN,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  was  born  May  5,  1823,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  an  assistant  professor  of 
geography,  history,  and  ethics  at  West 
Point  in  1844-46,  and  served  as  company 
officer  in  garrison,  frontier,  and  Indian 
service  till  1861.  He  was  made  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1862.  He  died 
May  5,  1876,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HARDIN,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1784. 
in  Westmoreland  county,  Pa.  In  1808  he 
moved  to  Bardstown,  Ky.;  was  a  member 
of  the  legislature  in  1810,  1811,  1824,  and 
1825;  and  state  senator  from  1828  to  1832. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1815  to  1817,  from  1819  to 
1823,  and  from  1833  to  1837.  He  was  sec 
retary  of  state  of  Kentucky  from  1844  to 
1847;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  in  1849.  He  died 
Sept.  24,  1852,  in  Bardstown,  Ky. 

HARDIN'CHARLES  H.,  philanthropist, 

lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  July  15,  1820,  in  Trumble  county,  Ky. 
He  was  elected  county  attorney  in  Mis 
souri;  and  in  1851  became  one  of  the 
managers  of  the  State  Lunatic  asylum. 
In  1852  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legisla 
ture,  and  re-elected  in  1855.  He  was  one 
of  a  commission  to  revise  the  state  laws; 
in  1858  was  again  elected  to  the  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1860  to  the  state  senate;  and 
again  elected  to  the  senate  in  1872.  In 
the  following  year  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Missouri. 

HARDIN,  E.  R.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Georgia.  He  was  appointed  an  associ 
ate  justice  of  the  United  States  court  for 
the  territory  of  Nebraska. 

HARDIN,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  Oct. 
1,  1753,  in  Fauquier  county,  Va.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  revolution  he  joined  the 
continental  army  as  lieutenant  in  General 
Daniel  Morgan's  rifle  corps.  He  died  in 
1792,  on  the  Ohio  river. 


448 


I 
HKKKIM'.SIIAWS     KNCYCLOI'KI  JI A    UK    A  M  KUICAX      IHOGKAPHY. 


HARDI.N.  JOHN  J..  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1810.  in 
Frankfort.  Ky.  He  held  the  office  of 
prosecuting  attorney  for  his  circuit:  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  legislature 
from  1836  to  1842.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Illinois  from  1843 
to  1845.  He  commanded  a  regiment  in 
the  war  with  Mexico,  and  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Buena  Vista.  He  died  Feb. 
27,  1847.  in  Buena  Vista,  Mexico. 

HARD1N.  MARTIN  I).,  soldier,  lawyer, 
I'nited  States  senator,  was  born  June  21, 
1780.  on  Monongahela  River,  Pa.  He 
served  for  several  years  in  the  legislature 
of  Kentucky:  and  was  at  one  time  sec 
retary  of  state  for  Kentucky.  He  served 
in  tlie  northwestern  army  as  a  major; 
and  was  a  senator  in  congress  during  the 
years  1810  and  1817.  He  died  Oct.  8,  1823. 
in  Franklin  county,  Ky. 

HARDING.  AARON,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Greene 
county,  Ky.  In  1840  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature.  In  1861  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress:  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  and  thirty- 
ninth  congresses. 

HARDING.  ABNKR  CLARK,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  10. 
1807.  in  East  Hampton,  Conn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Illinois  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1848:  and  served  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1848-50.  In  1862  he  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  the  eighty-third  Illinois  in 
fantry,  and.  having  liecn  appointed  it* 
colonel,  served  with  success  at  Fort  Don- 
elson:  and  was  made  a  brigadier-general. 
In  1864  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  congress. 
He  died  July  19.  1874,  in  Monmouth,  111. 
HARDING,  BKN.IAMIN  F.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  I'nited  States  senator,  was 
born  Jan.  4.  1S2:'..  in  Wyoming  county, 
Pa.  In  1849  he  settled  in  Oregon;  and  in 
18")0  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  legis 
lative  assembly.  In  1852  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  legislature  and  made 
speaker.  In  1853  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  for  the  territory  of 
Oregon:  and  in  1854  was  appointed  sec 
retary  of  the  territory,  which  office  he 
held  until  Oregon  was  admitted  as  a  state. 
From  1859  to  1862  he  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature,  serving  the  last  two 
years  as  speaker.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  from  Oregon;  and 
took  his  seat  during  the!  third  session  of 
the  thirty-seventh  congress. 

HARDING.  GARRICK  M..  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  July  12,  1827,  in  Exeter, 
Pa.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Franklin  academy, 
at  the  Madison  acad 
emy,  and  in  1848 
graduated  from  the 
Dickinson  college  of 
Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1850;  and  during 
1858-61  was  attorney- 
general  of  Luzerne 
county.  Pa.  During 
1870-80  he  was  presi 
dent  Judge  of  the 
eleventh  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Pennsylvania,  which  position  he 
resigned  and  returned  to  the  practice  of 
law.  His  judicial  career  covered  the  days 
of  the  Molly  McGuires  in  Pennsylvania, 
many  of  whom  were  tried  before  him  and 
convicted;  some  were  imprisoned  for 
long  terms,  and  some  were  hanged.  In 
addition  to  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
law,  Judge  Harding  possessed  powers  of 
oratory  that  won  him  fame  from  the 
commencement  of  his  professional  career. 


HARDING,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  was  born 
Oct.  26,  1827.  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  as 
sociated  with  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Ed 
win  M.  Stanton  in  the  McCormick  reaper 
case,  and  introduced  a  miniature  grain- 
field  to  illustrate  the  process  of  reaping 
by  machinery.  His  most  successful  effort 
was  in  the  Tilghman  glycerine  case,  when 
his  argument  induced  the  supreme  court 
to  reverse  its  first  decision  on  the  same 
patent. 

HARDING.  STEPHEN  S.,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Indiana.  He  removed  to  Utah: 
and  was  appointed  from  that  territory  an 
associate  justice  of  the  I'nited  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Colorado,  resid 
ing  in  Denver  City. 

HARDING,  STEPHEN  SELWYN.  gov 
ernor,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  24.  1808,  in 
Ontario  county,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he  was 
appointed  governor  of  Utah  territory. 

HARDING,  WILLIAM  WHITE,  jour 
nalist,  inventor,  manufacturer,  was  born 
Nov.  1,  1830,  in  Philadelphia.  From  1863 
till  1878  he  manufactured  paper  at  the 
Inquirer  Paper  mills,  Manayunk.  near 
Philadelphia,  where  he  introduced  many 
new  systems  and  inventions.  He  died  May 
15.  1889,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HARDY,  ALEXANDER  MERRILL, 
journalist,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  16,  1847.  in  Canada.  In  1869  he  went 
to  New  Orleans,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
newspaper  work  until  1873,  when  he  lo 
cated  in  Natchez,  Miss.,  where  he  con 
ducted  a  republican  newspaper  until  1877. 
In  1881  he  was  assigned  to  duty  as  clerk 
to  the  superintendent  of  construction  of 
the  government  building  at  Paducah.  Ky. : 
and  in  1884  located  at  Washington,  Da- 
viess  county.  Ind.,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  Ho  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

HARDY.  ARTHUR  SHERBURNE,  edu 
cator,  mathematician,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  13,  1847.  in  Andover,  Mass.  He  was 
professor  of  mathematics  at  Dartmouth 
college  in  1878-93,  and  well  known  both 
as  no\  elist  and  mathematician.  He  is  the 
author  of  Elements  of  Quaternions;  New 
Methods  in  Surveying;  Elements  of  An 
alytic  Geometry:  Elements  of  Calculus; 
But  Yet  a  Woman:  The  Wind  of  Destiny; 
Passe  Rose:  and  Joseph  Hardy  Neesima. 
a  biography. 

HARDY.  JAMES  WARD,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  Jan. 
lit.  1Xlf>.  in  Georgia.  He  was  for  several 
years  professor  of  mathematics  in  Grange 
college,  Ala.,  and  afterward  its  president. 
He  died  Aug.  14,  1853,  in  Alabama. 

HARDY.  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1835.  in 
Scotland,  lu  1861  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-seventh  congress  to  fill  a  va 
cancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress. 

HARDY.  MRS.  LIZZIE  CLARK,  poei. 
was  born  in  St.  Lawrence  county,  N.  Y. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems, 
many  of  which  have  been  set  to  music. 

HARDY.  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  about  1758  in  Isle  of  Wight  county. 
Va.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  Virginia  from  1783 
to  1785.  He  died  in  October.  1785,  in  New 
York  city. 

HARE.  CHARLES  WOODROPH,  law 
yer,  journalist,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1857, 
near  Camden.  Ala.  For  seven  years  he 
was  editor  of  the  Alabama  Baptist;  and 
since  1895  has  been  editor  of  The  News 
of  Tuskegee.  Ala. 


HARK.  DARIUS  I).,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1843,  near 
Adrian,  Ohio.  He  entered  the  military 
service  as  a  private  in  the  signal  corps. 
United  States  army,  in  1864,  and  served 
during  the  remainder  of  the  war.  He  was 
elected  from  Ohio  to  the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HARE.  GEORGE  EMLEN,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1808, 
in  Philadelphia.  Pa.  He  was  an  episco 
pal  clergyman  and  professor  of  biblical 
learning  in  the  Philadelphia  Divinity 
school.  Ha  was  the  author  of  Christ  to 
Return:  and  Visions  and  Narratives  of 
the  Old  Testament,  a  volume  of  sermons. 
He  died  in  1892. 

HARE.  JOHN  1NNES  CLARK,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1816,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  noted  Philadel 
phia  jurist:  and  the  author  of  Treatise  on 
Contracts;  New  England  Exchequer  Re 
ports;  and  American  Constitutional  Law. 

HARE.  ROBERT,  scientist,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  17.  1781.  in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
He  was  a  prominent  Philadelphia  scien 
tist;  and  was  the  author  of  Brief  View  of 
Policy  and  Resources  of  the  United  States; 
Spiritualism  Scientifically  Demonstrated; 
and  Chemical  Apparatus  and  Scientific 
Manipulations.  He  died  May  15.  1858,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HARE,  SILAS,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1827,  in  Ross 
county,  Ohio.  He  served  one  year  in  the 
war  with  Mexico  as  a  private.  He  was 
chief  justice  of  New  Mexico  in  1862  un 
der  the  confederate  government;  and  aft 
erwards  served  until  the  war  closed  as  a 
captain.  He  settled  in  Sherman  in  1865; 
was  criminal  district  judge  from  1873  till 
1876;  and  was  chosen  democratic  elector 
for  the  state  at  large  in  1884.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

HARE,  WILLIAM  HOBART.  bishop  of 
South  Dakota,  was  born  May  17,  1838,  in 
Princeton,  N.  J.  He  has  established  a 
cathedral  and  a  diocesan  school  for  young, 
ladies  among  the  white  people  at  Sioux 
Falls,  and  boarding  schools  and  missions 
throughout  the  diocese. 

HARE,  WILLIAM  ROBERT,  protes- 
tant  episcopal  bishop,  was  born  May  17, 
1838.  in  Princeton.  N.  J.  In  1872  he  was 
elected  missionary  bishop  of  Niobrara, 
and  was  consecrated  in  1873. 

HARFORD.  HELEN  DICKINSON,  edu 
cator,  lecturer,  was  born  July  31,  1843, 
in  Cleveland,  N.  Y.  In  1864  she  graduat 
ed  from  the  State  Normal  college  of  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.;  and  has  successfully  taught 
school  in  Bloomington  and  Grant  Park, 
111.:  and  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.  She  is  now 
a  national  lecturer  and  organizer  for  the. 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  union, 
and  a  successful  advocate  of  temperance 
and  woman  suffrage  in  Kansas  and  Ore 
gon. 

HARG1S.  THOMAS  F.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  June  24,  1842,  in  Breathitt 
county.  He  served  in  the  war  and  be 
came  captain  of  the  fifth  Kentucky  in 
fantry.  He  subsequently  studied  law, 
and  became  one  of  the  ablest  jurists  of 
Kentucky.  His  appeals  as  chief  justice  of 
Kentucky's  highest  court  are  written  in  a 
vigorous,  yet  graceful,  style.  In  1866  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  the  year 
following  was  elected  judge  of  Nicholas 
county,  Ky. ;  receiving  the  re-election  in 
1870.  In  1871  he  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  Kentucky  state  senate;  elected 
judge  of  the  criminal  court  in  1878;  and 
raised  to  the  appellate  bench  of  Kentucky 
in  1879.  He  retired  from  the  supreme 
bench  in  1884,  and  has  since  practiced  his 
profession  in  Louisville.  Ky 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


449 


HARGRAVE,  CHARLES  A.,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  May  24,  1858, 
in  Portland  Mill.  Ind.  He  is  an  educator 
of  natural  science  in  the  Central  Normal 
college  of  Danville,  Ind.,  of  which  insti 
tution  he  is  president. 

HARGROVE,  ROBERT  KENYON, 
Ijishop.  author,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1829, 
in  Pickens  county,  Ala.  He  has  been 
bishop  of  the  raethodist  church  south 
since  1882;  and  is  the  author  of  Laws  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South  as 
Interpreted  by  the  College  of  Bishops. 

HARING,  CORNELIUS  I.,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  4,  I860,  in  New  City,  N. 
Y.  In  1884  he  moved  to  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
where  he  has  since  attained  prominence 
as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  that 
state. 

HARING,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  28,  1739,  in  Tappan,  Orange 
(now  Rockland)  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  New  York  to  the  continen 
tal  congress  from  1774  to  1775,  and  again 
from  1785  to  1788.  He  died  April  1.  1809. 
in  Blauveltville,  N.  Y. 

HARK,  JOSEPH  MAXIMILIAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1849  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  Moravian  clergyman 
and  educator  of  Bethlehem,  Pa.;  and  the 
author  of  The  Unity  of  Truth  in  Chris 
tianity  and  Evolution.  He  has  translated 
and  edited  from  the  German  The  Chron- 
icon  Ephratense. 

MARKER,  CHARLES  G.,  soldier,  was 
born  Dec.  2,  1837,  in  Swedesborough.  N.  J. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  United  States 
Military  academy  in  1858;  and  was  made 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  Killed 
June  27,  1864,  in  battle  of  Kenesaw  Moun 
tain. 

HARKER,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor.  In  1752  he  became  pastor  of  a 
church  at  Black  River.  N.  J.  He  pub 
lished  Pedestination  Consistent  with  Gen 
eral  Liberty,  for  which  he  was  excluded, 
and  disqualified  to  preach  by  the  synods  of 
New  York  and  Philadelphia.  He  subse 
quently  published  an  Appeal  from  the  Sy 
nod  to  the  Christian  World. 

HARKEY,  SIDNEY  LEVI,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1827  in  North  Caro 
lina.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergyman  whose 
writings  include  The  Signs  of  the  Times; 
The  Faith  Once  Delivered  to  the  Saints; 
Thorough  Education;  Agnosticism;  and 
National  Blessings  and  Dangers. 

HARKEY,  SIMON  WALCHER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1811,  in 
Iredell  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  lutheran 
clergyman  of  Illinois;  and  the  author  of 
True  Wisdom  Triumphant;  Justification 
by  Faith;  and  The  Church's  Best  State. 
He  died  in  1889. 

HARKINS.  MATHEW,  bishop,  was  born 
Nov.  17,  1845,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
consecrated  a  bishop  of  Boston,  Mass. 

HARKISHEIMER,  WILLIAM  JOHN, 
soldier,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1838,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  civil  war 
and  attained  the  rank  of  major.  He  is 
president  of  numerous  business  corpora 
tions  of  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

HARKNESS,  ALBERT,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1822,  in  Black- 
stone,  Mass.  He  is  an  educator  of  Provi 
dence,  and  professor  of  Greek  in  Brown 
university  since  1855.  He  has  published 
Complete  Latin  Course  for  the  First  Year, 
and  many  Greek  and  Latin  text-books. 

HARKNESS,  JAMES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  13,  1803.  in  Scot 
land.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
who  emigrated  from  Scotland  in  1839, 
and  was  a  pastor  in  Jersey  City  in  1862- 
78.  Messiah's  Throne  and  Kingdom  was 
his  only  published  work.  He  died  July 
4,  1878,  "in  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  • 

29 


HARKNESS,  WILLIAM  JOHNS,  civil 
engineer,  clergyman,  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1878  he  graduated  from 
the  scientific  department  of  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania  as  a  civil  engineer.  He 
then  spent  three  years  in  the  study  of  the 
practical  side  of  mechanics,  then  two 
years  in  the  draughting  room  of  a  firm 
of  engine  builders;  and  subsequently  be 
came  the  private  secretary  of  his  father, 
an  extensive  oil  merchant  of  Philadel 
phia.  Since  1887  he  has  been  a  clergyman 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church;  has 
received  the  degree  of  M.  A.;  and  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  Weston,  W.  Va.  He 
has  written  extensively  on  scientific  and 
religious  subjects. 

HARLAN,  AARON,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  8, 
1802,  in  Warren  county.  Ohio.  In  1831  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature;  and  in  1838  and  1839  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate.  He  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1844  from  Ohio;  and  in 
1849  was  again  elected  to  the  state  senate. 
In  1852  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Ohio,  where  he  continued  to 
serve  the  people  of  his  native  district  un 
til  the  close  of  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

HARLAN,  ANDREW  J.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
29,  1815,  in  Chester,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  in  1846,  1847  and  1848; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Indiana  from  1849  to  1851,  and 
again  from  1853  to  1855. 

HARLAN,  CLINTON  L.,  author,  poet. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  prose  work  en 
titled  The  Happy  Christian;  and  a  vol 
ume  of  verse  entitled  A  Didactic  Poem. 

HARLAN,  GEORGE  CUVIER,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1835,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  phy 
sician  of  Philadelphia,  who  has  made  a 
specialty  of  diseases  of  the  eye.  He  is  the 
author  of  Eyesight  and  How  to  Take  Care 
of  It. 

HARLAN.  JAMES,  merchant,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  22,  1800,  in 
Mercer  county,  Ky.  In  1829  he  was  ap 
pointed  prosecuting  attorney  for  the  cir 
cuit  in  which  he  resided,  and  held  the 
office  four  years.  In  1835  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ken 
tucky,  and  in  1837  was  re-elected.  From 
1840  to  1844  he  was  secretary  of  the  state 
of  Kentucky;  and  in  1845  was  elected  to 
the  lower  branch  of  the  legislature.  In 
1850-63  he  was  attorney  general  of  that 
state.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1863,  in  Frank 
fort,  Ky. 

HARLAN,  JAMES,  journalist,  lawyer, 
college  president,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  25,*  1820, 
in  Clarke  county. 
111.  He  was  superin 
tendent  of  public  in 
struction  for  Iowa  in 
1847;  and  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Iowa 
Wesleyan  university 
in  1853.  He  was  elect- 
i,  ed  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Iowa  in 
1855;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  senate 
for  the  term  ending 
in  1867.  In  1865  he 

resigned  his  seat  in  the  senate  and  en 
tered  upon  his  duties  as  secretary  of  the 
interior.  In  1866  he  was  again  re-elected 
to  the  senate  for  the  term  commencing  in 
1867  and  ending  in  1873.  In  1869  he  was 
appointed  president  of  the  Iowa  univer 
sity,  and  after  leaving  the  senate  in  1873 
became  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Wash 
ington  Chronicle. 


HARLAN.  JOHN  MARSHALL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  1,  1833,  in 
Boyle  county,  Ky.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Cen 
ter  college,  Ky.,  and 
at  the  Transylvania 
university.  He  prac 
ticed  law  in  Frank 
fort,  in  connection 
with  his  father,  the 
late  Hon.  James 
Harlan,  and  served 
as  county  judge  of 
Franklin  county,  Ky. 
During  the  civil  war 
he  served  in  the 
union  army  with  dis 
tinction  as  colonel  of  the  tenth  Ken 
tucky  volunteer  infantry.  He  has  filled 
the  office  of  adjutant-general  of  Ken 
tucky;  and  was  attorney  general  during 
1863-67.  In  1871  and  in  1875  he  was  the 
republican  candidate  for  governor  of  Ken 
tucky;  and  in  the  latter  year  his  name 
was  presented  by  the  republican  conven 
tion  of  his  state  for  the  vice-presidency. 
In  1877  he  was  a  member  of  the  Louis 
iana  commission;  and  since  that  year  has 
filled  the  high  office  of  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 

HARLAN,  RICHARD,  physician,  nat 
uralist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1796, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  physician 
and  naturalist  of  Philadelphia;  and  the 
author  of  Observations  on  the  Genus  Sala- 
mandra;  Fauna  Americana;  American 
Herpetology;  and  Medical  and  Physical 
Researches.  He  died  Sept.  30,  1843,  in 
New  Orleans,  La. 

HARLAND,  HENRY— Sidney  Luska— 
journalist,  author,  was  born  March  1, 
1861,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  novelist 
of  New  York  city  who  removed  to  London, 
and  has  there  edited  The  Yellow  Book.  He 
is  the  author  of  Grandison  Mather;  Mea 
Culpa;  As  It  Was  Written;  Mrs.  Peixada; 
The  Land  of  Love;  The  Yoke  of  the 
Thorah;  My  Uncle  Florimond;  and  Grey 
Roses. 

HARLOW,  AMOS  ROGERS,  manufac 
turer,  public  official,  was  born  April  23, 
1815,  in  Shrewsbury,  Mass.  He  is  a  di 
rect  lineal  descend 
ant  of  Capt.  William 
Harlow,  who  came  to 
the  Plymouth  colony 
in  1642.  For  fifteen 
years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  the  manu 
facture  of  woolen 
machinery,  and  in 
1849  organized  the 
Marquette  Iron 
company;  operated 
the  first  sawmill  in 
Marquette,  and  was 
the  first  postmaster  of  that  city.  He 
filled  numerous  public  offices  of  trust  in 
his  city  and  county,  and  died  Oct.  3,  1890. 

HARLOW,  JOHN  MALCOLM,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1858,  in  Charles 
ton,  111.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1889;  taught  school  six  years;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  The 
Oriole. 

HARLOW,  WILLIAM  BURT,  poet.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  Songs  of  Syracuse. 

HARMAN,  COLFAX  BURGOYNE,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  24, 
1869,  near  Valley  Falls,  Kas.  He  has 
taught  in  all  grades  of  school  work;  and 
is  now  the  editor  of  the  Farmer's  Vindi 
cator  of  Valley  Falls,  Kas.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Shylock's  Judgment,  and  a  volume 
of  poems. 


450 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HARMAN.  HENRY  MARTYN.  educa 
tor  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1822 
in  Maryland.  He  is  a  methodist  clergy 
man,  and  a  professor  in  Dickinson  col 
lege,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  since  1870.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Journey  to  Egypt  and  the  Holy 
Land;  and  Introduction  to  Study  of  the 
Scriptures. 

HARMAN,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  educator, 
lawyer  was  born  April  1.  1869,  near 
Macksville,  W.  Va.  He  commenced  life 
as  a  schoolteacher;  studied  law  in  the 
West  Virginia  university;  and  now  prac 
tices  his  profession  with  success  in  Peters 
burg,  W.  Va. 

HARMANSON,  JOHN  H.,  mechanic,  ag 
riculturist,  state  senator,  was  born  in 
January,  1803,  in  Norfolk,  Va.  He  served 
in  the  Louisiana  state  senate  in  1844;  was 
elected  to  the  national  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  1845,  and  re-elected  in  1847 
and  1849.  He  died  Oct.  25,  1850,  in  New 
Orleans. 

HARMAR,  JOSIAH.  soldier,  was  born 
in  1753  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  by  congress  in 
1787;  and  general-in-chief  of  the  army  in 
1789.  He  commanded  an  expedition 
against  the  Miami  Indians  in  1790,  and 
partially  defeated  them.  He  resigned  in 
1792;  was  adjutant-general  of  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1793  to  1799;  and  furnished 
the  troops  for  Wayne's  campaign  in  1793 
and  1794.  He  died  Aug.  20,  1813,  in  Phila 
delphia. 

HARMER,  ALFRED  C.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1825,  in 
Germantown,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  city  coun- 
I  cils  of  Philadelphia 
I  in  1856,  and  served 
I  four  years.  He  was 
I  elected  recorder  of 
I  deeds  for  Philadel- 
I  phia  in  1860,  and 
I  ser\  ed  three  years. 
I  He  was  a  delegate  to 
I  the  national  conven 
tion  at  Chicago;  and 
was  elected  to  the 
forty-second  and  for 
ty-third  congresses. 
He  was  again  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second, 
fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.  Having  served 
a  quarter  of  a  century,  the  longest  con 
secutive  service,  he  is  known  as  the 
Father  of  the  House. 

HARMON,  ABNER  W.,  poet.  He  is  a 
successful  writer  of  Old  Orchard,  Maine; 
and  has  contributed  a  number  of  poems  to 
current  literature. 

HARMON,  JUDSON,  lawyer,  jurist,  at 
torney  general  of  the  United  States,  was 
born  Feb.  3,  1846,  in  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio.  In  1876  he  was  elected  judge  of 
the  common  pleas  court,  but  was  unseated 
four  months  later,  after  a  contest.  Two 
years  later  he  was  elected  judge  of  th« 
superior  court  of  Cincinnati,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1883.  In  1887  he  resigned  to 
resume  the  practice  of  law;  and  was  ap 
pointed  attorney  general  by  President 
Cleveland  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of 
his  office  in  1895. 

HARMONY,  DAVID  B.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Sept.  3,  1832,  in  Easton,  Pa.  In 
1885  he  attained  the  rank  of  commodore. 

HARNDEN.  WILLIAM  FREDERICK, 
expressman,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1813,  in 
Reading,  Mass.  Early  in  1839  he  originated 
the  express  system  of  transportation  for 
merchandise  or  parcels.  He  died  Jan.  14, 
1845,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


HARNETT,  CORNELIUS,  congressman, 
was  born  April  20,  1723,  in  North  Caro 
lina.  He  was  a  delegate  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  continental  congress  from  1777 
to  1780,  and  signed  the  articles  of  con 
federation.  He  died  April  20,  1781,  in 
Wilmington,  N.  C. 

HARNEY,  GEORGE  EDWARD,  archi 
tect,  was  born  in  1840  in  Lynn,  Mass. 
Among  the  notable  structures  he  has  de 
signed  are  the  Commercial  Union  build 
ing  and  the  Mercantile  library  of  New 
York  city. 

HARNEY,  JOHN  MILTON,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  March  9,  1789,  in 
Sussex  county,  Del.  He  was  a  Savannah 
journalist  whobecame  a  Dominican  monk. 
He  published  Crystallina,  a  fairy  tale 
in  verse,  and  his  other  poems  appeared 
posthumously  in  periodicals.  He  died 
Jan.  15,  1825,  in  Bardstown,  Ky. 

HARNEY,  WILLIAM  SELBY,  soldier, 
was  born  Aug.  27,  1800,  near  Haysboro, 
Tenn.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted  major- 
general  for  long  and  faithful  service.  He 
died  May  9,  1889,  in  Orlando,  Fla. 

HARNEY,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  June  20,  1831,  in 
Bloomington,  Ind.  He  is  a  journalist  and 
verse  writer  of  Florida  whose  poems  have 
appeared  in  magazines  and  anthologies, 
but  have  not  been  gathered  into  book 
form. 

HARPER,  ALEXANDER,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1837  to 
1839,  from  1843  to  1847,  and  again  from 
1851  to  1853. 

HARPER,  EDWARD  BASCOM,  insur 
ance  president,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1842, 
in  Dover,  Del.  In  1875  he  was  manager 
of  John  Hancock  Insurance  company  of 
Boston;  and  in  1882  became  president  of 
the  Mutual  Reserve  Fund  Life  associa 
tion.  He  died  July  2,  1895. 

HARPER,  FRANCES  ELLEN  WAT- 
KINS,  lecturer,  author,  poet,  was  born  in 
September,  1825,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  She 
is  well  known  as  an  anti-slavery  lectur 
er,  and  is  a- director  in  the  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Woman  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  She  is  the  author  of  lola  Le- 
roy,  which  presents  a  vivid  and  truthful 
view  of  scenes  in  the  south  before,  dur 
ing  and  after  the  war.  She  is  also  the  au 
thor  of  numerous  meritorious  poems, 
which  have  been  a  valuable  acquisition 
to  current  literature. 

HARPER,  FRANCIS  J.,  congressman. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  congress  from 
Pennsyhania,  but  died  before  taking  his 
seat.  He  died  March  18,  1837. 

HARPER,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  Aug. 
21,  1832,  in  Franklin,  Ohio.  Since  1868 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Cincinnati 
College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery.  In  1875 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  National 
Historical  society  of  Cincinnati. 

HARPER,  IDA  HUSTED,  journalist, 
was  born  in  Fairfield,  Ind.  She  has  been 
managing  editor  of  the  Terre  Haute 
Daily  News;  editorial  writer  for  the  In 
dianapolis  News;  and  department  editor 
and  correspondent  for  a  number  of  news 
papers  and  magazines. 

HARPER,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1779  in  Ireland.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1833  to  1837.  He  died 
March  31,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HARPER,  JAMES,  publisher,  was  born 
April  13,  1795,  in  Newton,  N.  Y.  He  was 
the  founder  of  the  printing  and  publishing 
firm  of  Harper  and  Brothers.  His  firm  at 
tained  prominence  as  the  largest  pub 
lishers  of  original  works  in  America.  He 
died  March  27,  1869,  in  New  York  city. 


HARPER,  JAMES  C.,  farmer,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1819,  in 
Cumberland  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected 
to  the  North  Carolina  legislature  in  1865, 
1866  and  1868;  and  was  barred  by  the 
fourteenth  amendment  to  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States,  but  his  disabilities 
were  removed  by  congress  in  1869.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-second  congress, 
serving  on  the  committee  on  the  Pacific 
railroad. 

HARPER,  JESSE,  politician,  orator.  He 
was  the  first  man  to  suggest  the  name 
of  Abraham  Lincoln  for  the  presidency  of 
the  United  States.  He  is  a  successful 
journalist  and  orator  of  Danville,  111. 

HARPER,  JOHN,  was  born  Jan.  22. 
1797,  in  Newton,  L.  I.  He  was  financial 
manager  of  the  firm  of  Harper  and 
Brothers,  and  on  the  death  of  his  brother 
became  senior  member  of  the  firm.  He 
died  April  22,  1875,  in  New  York  city. 

HARPER,  JOHN  A.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1811  to  1813. 

HARPER.  JOSEPH  HENRY,  publisher, 
was  born  June  23,  1850,  in  New  York 
city.  He  became  a  partner  in  Harper  and 
Brothers  in  1877,  and  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  literary  and  periodical  de 
partment. 

HARPER,  JOSEPH  MORRILL,  physi 
cian,  lawyer,  banker,  congressman,  was 
born  June  21,  1787,  in  Limerick,  Maine. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1831  to  1835.  In 
1858  he  was  president  of  the  Mechanics' 
bank,  Concord;  and  for  a  short  time,  in 
1831,  officiated  as  acting-governor  of  New 
Hampshire.  He  died  Jan.  14,  1865,  in 
Canterbury,  N.  H. 

HARPER,  OLIVE,  author,  was  born  in 
the  Wyoming  valley,  Pa.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Lotus  of  the  Nile;  A  Drift  of 
Sand;  Becky;  and  The  Tame  Turk. 

HARPER,  ROBERT  GOODLOE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  United  States  senator,  author,  was 
born  in  1765  near  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
He  was  a  leading  representative  in  con 
gress  from  South  Carolina,  from  1794 
to  1801.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Bal 
timore,  Md.;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  during  the  years 
1815-16.  He  served  with  credit  in  the 
war  of  1812,  attaining  the  rank  of  major- 
general.  His  Select  Works  appeared  in 
1814.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1825,  in  Baltimore, 
Md. 

HARPER,  SAMUEL  A.,  lawyer,  poli 
tician,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1855,  in  Hazel 
Green,  Wis.  During  1890-94  he  was 
United  States  attorney  for  the  western 
district  of  Wisconsin;  and  during  1894- 
98  was  president  of  the  Wisconsin  State 
Republican  league  at  Madison,  Wis. 

HARPER,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  17,  1790,  in  Antigua,  S.  C.  He  became 
one  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  South 
Carolina  college  in  1813;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law;  served  in  the  state 
legislature;  and  was  elected  speaker  of 
the  lower  house.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  South  Carolina  during  the 
year  1826;  was  appointed  chancellor  of 
that  state  in  1835;  and  in  1830  was  elected 
a  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals.  He  spent 
a  few  years  in  Missouri  from  1818  to  1823, 
and  while  there  was  made  chancellor  of 
the  state.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1847,  in  South 
Carolina. 

HARPER,  WILLIAM  M.,  journalist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1850,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  jour 
nalist;  and  in  1897  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate,  of  the  Ohio  general  assem 
bly. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


451 


HARPER,  WILLIAM  RAINEY,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
July  26,  1856,  in  New  Concord,  Ohio.  He 
is  a  baptist  clergyman  and  president  of 
the  university  of  Chicago.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Elements  of  Hebrew;  Elements 
of  Hebrew  Syntax;  Hebrew  Vocabularies; 
and  An  Introductory  New  Testament, 
Greek  Method. 

HARRAH,  CHARLES  JEFFERSON, 
merchant,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1817,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1852-57  he  was  proprietor 
of  a  ship  yard  at  Rio  Janeiro,  and  then 
engaged  in  railroad  and  navigation  enter 
prises,  amassing  a  large  fortune,  with 
which  he  returned  to  his  native  city  in 
1874. 

HARRELL,  MRS.  SARAH  CARMICH- 
AEL,  temperance  reformer,  was  born  Jan. 
8,  1844,  in  Brookville,  Ind.  She  received 
her  education  at  the 
Brookville  college; 
and  subsequently 
was  engaged  for 
twelve  years  in  edu 
cational  work.  She 
has  always  been 
greatly  interested  in 
the  public  schools  of 
her  state;  and  dur 
ing  her  husband's 
four  terms  in  the 

general  assembly  of 

Indiana,  she  was 
called  to  fill  many  positions  requiring  ex 
ecutive  ability  and  forethougnt.  In  1891 
she  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  In 
diana  Columbian  Exposition  board;  and 
was  chosen  a  member  of  committee  on  ed 
ucation,  and  a  member  of  committee  on 
woman's  work.  She  served  two  years  as 
superintendent  of  the  department  of  sci 
entific  temperance  in  the  public  schools; 
and  was  instrumental  in  securing  the 
passage  of  a  bill  in  the  Indiana  general 
assembly  of  1895  making  it  obligatory  to 
teach  the  injurious  effects  of  alcohol  and 
narcotics  upon  the  human  system. 

HARRIES,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  15, 
1843,  in  Montgomery  county,  Ohio.  In 
1864  he  was  commissioned  captain  of 
company  F,  third  United  States  veteran 
volunteers,  and  was  discharged  from  the 
army  April  17,  1866.  He  has  been  county 
attorney  two  terms;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 
He  was  appointed  collector  of  internal 
revenue  in  1894  for  the  state  of  Minne 
sota. 

HARRIGAN,  EDWARD,  actor,  author, 
was  born  in  1845,  in  New  York.  He  is  an 
actor  and  playwright  of  New  York  city, 
among  whose  many  plays  of  low  life  in 
the  metropolis  are,  Squatter  Sovereignty; 
and  Cordelia's  Aspirations. 

HARRIGAN,  LAURENCE,  public  of 
ficer,  legislator,  was  born  in  1835,  in  Ire 
land.  In  1857  he  was  appointed  on  the 
St.  Louis  police  force,  and  was  rapidly 
promoted,  and  finally  became  chief  of 
police  of  that  city.  During  President 
Cleveland's  first  term  Mr.  Harrigan  was 
appointed  appraiser  of  the  Port  of  St. 
Louis.  In  1880  he  served  as  a  member  in 
the  Missouri  legislature. 

HARRIMAN,  WALTER,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  governor,  author,  was  born  April 
8,  1817,  in  Warner,  N.  H.  In  1862  he 
became  colonel  of  the  eleventh  New 
Hampshire  regiment,  which  he  led 
through  the  civil  war.  He  was  secretary 
of  state  of  New  Hampshire  from  1865  to 
1867,  and  governor  of  the  state  from  1867 
to  1869.  He  was  the  author  of  A  History 
of  Warner,  N.  H. ;  and  Travels  and  Ob 
servations  in  the  Orient.  He  died  July  25, 
1884,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 


HARRINGTON,  CHARLES  EDWARD, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  5,  1846,  in  Concord,  N.  H.  In  1881 
he  was  chaplain  of  the  legislature  of 
New  Hampshire.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  The  Draft  of  Young  Men  in 
Relation  to  the  Churches. 

HARRINGTON,  EBENEZER  BURKE, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  author,  was  born  in 
1813,  near  Lyons,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Michigan  state  senate 
in  1839,  and  acted  as  state  reporter  from 
that  year  until  his  death.  He  was  the 
author  of  Harrington's  Chancery  Reports. 
He  died  in  1844,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

HARRINGTON,  GEORGE,  diplomat, 
business  man,  was  born  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  for  many  years  a  clerk  in  the 
treasury  department  at  Washington;  chief 
clerk  under  S.  P.  Chase;  and  in  1861  was 
appointed  assistant  secretary  of  that  de 
partment.  Between  the  years  1865  and 
1869  he  was  minister  resident  to  Switzer 
land;  and  was  subsequently  president  of 
a  telegraph  company  in  New  York  city. 

HARRINGTON,  HENRY  W.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1825,  in 
Otsego  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  chosen  a 
delegate  to  the  Charleston  convention  in 
1860  from  Indiana;  and  in  1862  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  New  York  convention  of  1868. 

HARRINGTON,  JONATHAN,  patriot, 
was  born  July  8,  1757,  in  Lexington,  Mass. 
He  was  the  last  survivor  of  the  minute- 
men  who  were  called  out  to  appear  in 
arms  at  Lexington  on  the  19th  of  April, 
1775.  He  died  March  28,  1854. 

HARRINGTON,  MARK  WALROD,  ed 
ucator,  scientist,  astronomer,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  18,  1848,  in  Sycamore,  111.  He 
is  a  scientist  and  professor  of  astronomy 
in  the  university  of  Michigan.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Analysis  of  Plants;  and 
Identification  of  Crude  Drugs. 

HARRINGTON,  SAMUEL  MAXWELL, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1803,  in 
Dover,  Del.  He  was  appointed  secretary 
of  state  of  Delaware  in  1829,  and  again 
in  1830,  and  in  the  following  year  was  se 
lected  to  fill  a  vacancy  on  the  bench  of 
the  state  supreme  court,  and  became  its 
chief  justice,  holding  the  office  until  the 
court  was  united  with  the  superior  court. 
In  the  latter  he  sat  as  associate  justice  un 
til  1855,  when  he  was  again  made  chief 
justice.  In  1857  he  succeeded  to  the  chan 
cellorship,  the  highest  judicial  ofhce  in 
the  state.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1865,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

HARRINGTON,  WILLIAM  P.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  April  17,  1826,  in 
Nobleboro,  Maine.  Since  1885  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Colusa  and  Lake  railroad 
at  Colusa,  Cal. 

HARRIS,  ALFRED  W.,  soldier,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1842,  in 
Louisville,  Ky.  He  served  through  the 
war  in  the  union  army.  He  has  been  in 
the  United  States  internal  revenue  ser 
vice  in  Louisville,  Ky. ;  and  is  the  author 
of  several  prose  works,  and  a  volume  of 
poems. 

HARRIS,  AMANDA  BARTLETT,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1824,  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  She  is  a  writer  whose  life  has 
been  mainly  spent  at  her  birthplace, 
Warner,  N.  H.  She  is  the  author  of 
Christ  our  Friend;  Thy  Will  be  Done; 
The  Duty  of  Uniting  with  the  Church; 
Summer's  Autographs;  How  we  Went 
Birds'-Nesting,  republished  as  Field, 
Wood,  and  Meadow  Rambles;  Wild  Flow 
ers  and  Where  They  Grow;  Door-yard 
Folks;  Pleasant  Authors  for  Young 
Folks;  American  Authors  for  Young 
Folks;  and  The  Luck  of  Edenhall. 


HARRIS,  BENJAMIN  GWINN,  agri 
culturist,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  13,  1806,  near  Leonardstown,  Md.  In 
1832  he  was  elected  to  the  house  of  dele 
gates  of  Maryland,  and  re-elected  in  1833, 
1836,  1849,  1852,  and  1856.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Maryland  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

HARRIS,  BENJAMIN  W.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  10,  1823,  in  Bridgewater,  Mass.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1857, 
and  a  representative  in  1858.  He  was  dis 
trict  attorney  from  1858  to  1866;  and  was 
collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  sec 
ond  district  from  1866  until  1873,  when 
he  resigned.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  for 
ty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth  and  for 
ty-seventh  congresses. 

HARRIS,  BROUGHTON  DAVIS,  jour 
nalist,  capitalist,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1822, 
in  Chesterfield,  N.  H.  In  1860-61  he  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  celebrated  peace  congress  in 
1861. 

HARRIS,  CHAPIN  A.,  dentist,  author, 
was  born  in  1806,  in  Pompey,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  dentist  of  Baltimore,  and  founder 
of  the  Baltimore  Dental  college.  He  was 
the  author  of  Principles  of  Dental  Sur 
gery;  Characteristics  of  the  Human 
Teeth;  Diseases  of  the  Maxillary  Sinus; 
and  Dictionary  of  Dental  Science.  He 
died  in  1860,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

HARRIS,  CHARLES,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1762,  in  Mecklen 
burg  county,  N.  C.  He  served  as  a  pri 
vate  in  the  revolutionary  war.  He  died 
Sept.  21,  1825,  in  Tavoni,  N.  C. 

HARRIS,  CHARLES  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  10,  1821,  in 
Munfordsville,  Ky.  He  was  elected  in 
1862  a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress. 

HARRIS,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of  the 
circuit  court  of  the  United  States  after  its 
organization,  and  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  fifth  circuit  in  1802,  by  President  Jef 
ferson. 

HARRIS,  EDWARD  WRIGHT,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  4,  1831,  in  Bradford, 
Vt.  He  has  attained  success  in  the  pro 
fession  of  law  at  Port  Huron,  Mich.;  has 
been  city  and  county  attorney;  judge  of 
probate;  and  circuit  judge. 

HARRIS,  ELISHA,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Rhode  Isiand  for  two  years, 
beginning  with  the  year  1847. 

HARRIS,  ELISHA,  physician,  surgeon, 
inventor,  author,  was  born  March  4,  1834, 
in  Westminster,  Vt.  During  the  civil  war 
he  was  instrumental  .in  the  organization 
of  the  United  States  sanitary  commission 
of  New  York  city;  and  organized  the  first 
public  vaccination  service  in  that  city. 
The  railway  ambulance  that  has  been 
adopted  and  used  by  the  Prussian  army 
was  invented  by  him.  He  died  Jan.  31, 
1884,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

HARRIS,  EMMETT  VICTOR,  educator, 
lawyer,  orator,  was  born  May  8,  1860,  in 
Seneca  county,  Ohio.  He  received  nis 
education  at  the  Ohio  normal  university; 
and  at  the  national  normal  university, 
from  which  latter  institution  he  received 
the  degree  of  B.  A.  In  1880  he  entered  ed 
ucational  work;  taught  in  graded  schools 
of  his  native  state;  and  subsequently  be 
came  superintendent  of  public  schools  in 
Indiana.  In  1889  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  and  entered  the  active  practice  of 
law  in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  He  has  filled 
numerous  public  positions  of  trust;  re 
ceived  the  nomination  for  prosecuting  at 
torney;  and  has  gained  a  good  reputation 
as  a  brilliant  public  speaker. 


452 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HARRIS,  G.  L.  D.,  educator,  journalist, 
was  born  in  1854,  in  Clarke  county,  Va. 
He  has  attained  success  in  educational 
work  in  his  native  state;  and  is  the  ed 
itor  of  a  monthly  publication. 

HARRIS,  GEORGE,  educator,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in 
April,  1844,  in  East  Machias,  Maine.  He  is 
a  congregational  clergyman  of  Massachu 
setts;  professor  of  Christian  theology  In 
Andover  Theological  seminary  since  1883, 
and  one  of  the  editors  of  The  Andover 
Review  in  1884-93.  He  is  the  author  of 
Hymns  of  the  Faith;  and  Moral  Evolu 
tion. 

HARRIa,  GEORGE  E.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  January,  1827, 
in  Orange  county,  N.  C.  He  joined  the 
confederate  army,  and  remained  until  the 
close  of  the  war;  and  was  elected  district 
attorney  in  1865  and  1866.  He  was  elect 
ed  from  Mississippi  to  the  forty-first  and 
forty-second  congresses.  He  was  subse 
quently  chosen  attorney-general  for  the 
state  of  Mississippi. 

HARRIS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
mariner,  author,  was  born  March  20,  1814, 
in  Allegheny  City,  Pa.  He  was  a  Tennes 
see  river  steamboat  captain  who  contrib 
uted  humorous  and  political  articles  to 
newspapers.  Sut  Lovengood's  Yarns  were 
published  in  1867.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1869, 
in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

HARRIS,  HAMILTON,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  May  1,  1820,  in  Preble,  N. 
Y.  He  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in 
1850,  and  was  a  member  of  the  whig  joint 
legislative  committee  of  six  that  was  ap 
pointed  to  frame  the  platform,  and  call 
state  conventions,  of  what  has  since  be 
come  the  republican  party. 

HARRIS,  HENRY  R..  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1828,  in  Spar 
ta,  Ga.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Georgia 
convention  in  1861;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fourth,  forty-fifth  and  forty-ninth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HARRIS,  HENRY  S.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1850,  in  Belvidere, 
N.  J.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  prosecutor 
of  the  pleas  for  Warren  county;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  forty-seventh  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

HARRIS,  IRA,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  lecturer,  was 
born  May  31,  1802,  in  Charleston,  N.  Y. 
In  1844  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legisla 
ture;  re-elected  in  1845;  and  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate.  In  1847  he  was  elect 
ed  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and  held 
the  position  twelve  and  a  half  years.  In 
1861  he  was  elected,  for  six  years,  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  New  York.  He  died 
Dec.  2,  1875,  in  Albany,  N.  V. 

HARRIS,  ISHAM  GREEN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  governor,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1818,  near  Tul- 
lahoma.  Tenn.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1847; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  thirty-first  and  thirty- 
second  congresses.  He  moved  to  Mem 
phis,  Tenn.;  and  was  elected  governor  in 
1857,  and  re-elected  in  1859  and  1861.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  confederate 
army  as  a  staff  officer;  and  was  elected  a 
United  States  senator  from  Tennessee  for 
the  term  of  six  years  from  1877;  and  was 
re-elected  for  the  terms  ending  in  1889. 
1895  and  1901. 

HARRIS,  J.  MORRISON,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1821,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1848.  In  1855  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Maryland  in  the  thirty-fourth 
congress,  and  returned  to  the  thirty-fifth 
congress  in  1857.  He  was  also  re-elected 


to  the  thirty-sixth  congress;  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  national 
union  convention  of  1866. 

HARRIS,  JAMES  E.,  soldier,  lieuten 
ant-governor,  was  born  May  27,  1840,  in 
Licking  county.  Ohio.  In  1897  he  became 
lieutenant-governor  of  Nebraska. 

HARRIS,  JOEL  CHANDLER,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1848,  in 
Eatonton,  Ga.  He  is  an  Atlanta  journal 
ist,  editor  of  The  Constitution,  celebrated 
as  the  author  of  Uncle  Remus,  a  unique 
character  study  of  the  southern  negro  as 
well  as  a  notable  contribution  to  the  liter 
ature  of  folk-lore.  His  writings  include 
Uncle  Remus:  his  Songs  and  his  Say 
ings;  Nights  with  Uncle  Remus;  Uncle 
Remus  and  his  Friends;  Mingo,  and  Oth 
er  Sketches  in  Black  and  White;  Balaam 
and  his  Master,  and  Other  Sketches;  Lit 
tle  Mr.  Thimblefinger,  a  juvenile;  Mr. 
Rabbit  at  Home,  a  juvenile;  The  Story  of 
Aaron,  a  juvenile;  Free  Joe,  and  Other 
Georgian  Sketches;  Evening  Tales,  from 
the  French  of  Frederic  Ortoli;  Stories  of 
Georgia;  Sister  Jane,  her  Friends  and 
Acquaintances;  and  Georgia,  from  the  In 
vasion  of  De  Soto  to  Recent  Times. 

HARRIS,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  18u/ 
to  1809. 

HARRIS,  JOHN,  the  founder  of  Harris- 
burg,  was  born  in  1/16,  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  was  chosen  by  the  Indians 
at  one  of  the  council  fires  held  with  the 
Indians  of  the  Six  Nations,  to  keep  the 
store  on  the  frontier,  which  was  the  nu 
cleus  of  the  present  city  named  for  him. 
He  died  July  29,  1791,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

HARRIS,  JOHN  A.,  merchant,  banker. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1826, 
in  New  York.  He  moved  to  Louisiana  in 
1864;  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention;  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  registration;  and  also  of  the 
state  senate.  In  1868  he  was  elected  a 
senator  in  congress  from  Louisiana  for 
the  term  ending  in  1873. 

HARRIS,  JOHN  FLOYD,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  July  5,  1866,  in  Al- 
mont,  Mich.  He  has  taught  the  piano  in 
Detroit  and  Port  Huron  for  several  years, 
and  has  attained  success  in  concert  work. 

HARRIS,  JOHN  S..  merchant,  finan 
cier,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Dec. 
18,  1825,  in  Truxton,  N.  Y.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Louisiana  state  senate  in  April. 
1868;  and  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  in  July,  1868,  as  a  republican. 

HARRIS.  JOHN  THOMAS,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  8,  1825,  in  Al- 
bemarle  county,  Va.  He  was  a  state 
elector  in  1848,  1851  and  1855;  a  president 
ial  elector  in  1852  and  1856;  and  was 
twice  elected  attorney  for  the  common 
wealth.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Virginia  to  tne  thirty-sixth  con 
gress;  and  was  also  elected  to  the  forty- 
second  and  two  succeeding  congresses. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  and 
forty-sixth  congresses. 

HARRIS,  JOHN  WOODS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1810,  in  Nelson 
county,  Va.  In  1838  he  was  a  member  of 
the  first  congress  of  the  republic,  which 
met  at  Austin,  Tex.  In  1846  he  was  ap 
pointed  attorney-general  of  the  new  state, 
and  was  reappointed  for  a  second  term. 
He  died  April  1,  1887,  in  Galveston,  Tex. 

HARRIS,  JONATHAN  NEWTON,  mer 
chant,  banker,  state  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  18,  1815,  in  Salem.  Conn.  In  1848  he 
established  the  firm  of  J.  N.  Harris  and 
Conyer,  of  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  which  has  con 
tinued  for  half  a  century.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature  in  1855,  and  of  the 
senate  in  1864. 


HARRIS,  JOSEPH  SMITH,  railroad 
president,  was  born  April  29,  1836,  in 
Chester  county,  Pa.  Since  1893  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Philadelphia  and 
Reading  railroad. 

HARRIS,  LEE  O.,  soldier,  educator, 
poet,  author,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1839,  in 
Chester  county,  Pa.  After  receiving  a 
thorough  education  he  entered  education 
al  work,  and  is  now  county  superintend 
ent  of  schools  of  Hancock  county,  Ind. 
He  served  in  the  union  army  during  the 
civil  war;  was  second  lieutenant  of  com 
pany  G,  fifth  regiment  Indiana  cavalry; 
then  became  first  lieutenant  of  company 
C,  one  hundred  and  forty-eighth  regiment 
Indiana  infantry;  and  major  of  the  In 
diana  legion.  He  is  the  author  of  a  novel 
entitled  The  Man  Who  Tramps;  and  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  Interludes;  and 
has  contributed  extensively  to  current 
literature. 

HARRIS,  MARK,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1779,  in  Ipswich, 
Mass.  He  held  the  offices  of  county  and 
state  treasurer  for  twenty  years;  and  was 
a  state  senator  in  1816  and  1819.  He  was 
a  state  counselor  in  1820;  and  served  also 
in  the  state  legislature.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Maine  from 
1822  to  1823.  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died 
March  2,  1843,  in  New  York. 

HARRIS,  MRS.  MIRIAM  (COLES),  au 
thor,  was  born  July  5,  1834,  in  Dosoris, 
L.  I.  She  is  a  novelist  of  New  York  city 
whose  first  story,  Rutledge,  was  very  pop 
ular.  Later  works  are:  Richard  Vander- 
marck;  The  Sutherlands;  St.  Philip's; 
Happy-Go- Lucky;  Missy;  Frank  War- 
rington;  A  Perfect  Adonis;  Phoebe;  An 
Utter  Failure;  Louie's  Last  Term  at  St. 
Mary's;  and  'l  he  Rosary  for  Lent,  a  com 
pilation. 

HARRIS.  ROBERT,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Dauphin  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1823  to  1827. 

HARRIS,  SAMPSON  W.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  23, 
1809,  in  Elbert  county,  Ga.  He  served  one 
term  in  the  Georgia  legislature.  He 
moved  to  Alabama;  and  was  there  ap 
pointed  prosecuting  atiorney  for  the  state. 
In  1847  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Alabama,  where  he  con 
tinued  until  his  death.  He  died  April  1, 
1857,  in  Washington.  D.  C. 

HARRIS.  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  Jan.  12,  1724.  in  Hanover  county.  Va. 
He  was  a  colonel  of  the  militia  and  a  bap 
tist  divine,  and  was  ordained  an  apostlft 
by  the  general  association.  1774.  He  was 
known  as  the  apostle  of  Virginia. 

HARRIS,  SAMUEL,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  14.  1814,  in 
East  Machias.  Maine.  He  is  a  congrega- 

tional        clergyman. 

and  has  been  profes 
sor  of  systematic 
theology  at  Yale  uni 
versity  since  1871. 
He  is  the  author  of 
Zaccheus,  or  the 
Scriptural  Plan  of 
Benevolence;  The 
Kingdom  of  Christ 
on  Earth;  The  Phil 
osophic  Basis  of 
Theism;  The  Self- 
Revelation  of  God; 
Christ's  Prayer  for  tne  Death  of  His  Re 
deemed;  and  God:  Creator  and  Lord  of 
All. 

HARRIS.  SAMUEL  ARTHUR,  banker, 
was  born  Oct.  25,  1847,  in  Goshen,  Ind. 
In  1887  he  became  president  of  the  North 
western  National  bank:  and  in  1891  be 
came  president  of  the  National  Bank  of 
Commerce  of  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HARRIS,  SAMUEL  SMITH,  bishop   au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1841,  in  Autauga 
county,   Ala.    He  was  the  second  protest- 
ant  episcopal  bishop  of  Michigan   and  the 
author  of  The  Dignity  of  Man;  Christian 
ity  and  Civil  Society;   Thoughts  on   Life 
Death,  and  Immortality;    and   Shelton    a 
novel.     He  died  Aug.  21,  1888,  in  London 
England. 


453 


HARRIS,  SHORLAND,  physician  au 
thor,  poet.  He  graduated  in  medicine'from 
the  Exeter  college  of  England,  and  also 
rom  a  Philadelphia  medical  college  He 
is  a  great  linguist,  and  has  devoted  much 
time  to  science,  and  has  made  important 
discoveries  in  the  vast  field  of  chemistry 
in  relation  to  the  atomic  affinity  of  mat- 
He  is  the  author  of  Professional 
and  Trade  Secrets;  and  has  contributed 
valuable  papers  to  medical  literature.  As 
a  poet,  he  is  also  well  known;  many  of  his 
productions  having  been  incorporated  in 
various  standard  works. 

HARRIS,  STEPHEN  R.,  educator,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  May  22  1824 
seven  miles  west  of  Massillon,  Ohio.  He 
served  as  deputy 
.;  United  States  mar- 
,'  shal  and  member  of 
I  the  county  military 
committee  during  the 
'  civil  war.  He  was  an 
active  member  of  the 
Ohio  State  Bar  asso 
ciation  from  its  or 
ganization,  serving 
most  of  the  time  and 
_  at  present  as  chair- 
-*•  \  ;  man  of  the  commit 
tee  on  legal  biogra- 
>ny.  and  was  president  of  the  association 
for  the  year  ending  July  20,  1894.  He  was 
ejected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

HARRIS,  THADDEUS  MASON  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  7,  1768,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Dorchester  from  1793  until 
his  death,  and  the  author  of  Discourses  in 
Favor  of  Freemasonry;  Journal  of  a  Tour 

the  Northwest  Territory:  Memorials  of 
First  Church  at  Dorchester-  Bio 
graphical  Memoirs  of  James  Oglethorpe- 
and  Natural  History  of  the  Bible  He 

d  April  3,  1842,  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

HARRIS,  THADDEUS  WILLIAM,  en 
tomologist,  physician,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  12,  1795,  in  Dorchester,  Mass  He 
was  an  entomologist  and  physician  who 
was  librarian  of  Harvard  university  from 
1831  He  published  Systematic  Catalogue 
the  Insects  of  Massachusetts,  and  a 
valuable  work  on  Insects  Injurious  to 
Vegetation.  He  died  Jan.  16.  1856  in 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

HARRIS,  THOMAS  CADWALADER 
naval  officer,  was  born  Nov.  18  1825  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  entered  the  navy  as 
midshipman  in  1841,  became  lieutenant  in 
1855,  lieutenant-commander  in  1862  com 
mander  in  1866,  and  captain  in  1872  He 
died  Jan.  24,  1875,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HARRIS.  THOMAS  K.,  congressman 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1813  to  1815. 

HARRIS,  THOMAS  L.,  soldier    lawyer 

state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct' 

1816,  in  Norwich,   Conn.     In   1846  he 

raised  and   commanded  a  company     and 

joined  the  fourth  regiment  of  Illinois  vol- 

Jlntie0e,r08Yto  serve  in  tne  war  with  Mexico. 
Mb  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  the  Il 
linois  legislature;  in  1848  was  chosen  a 
representative  in  congress:  and  was  again 
elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth 
congresses.  He  died  Nov  24  1858  in 
Springfield,  111. 


HARRIS,  THOMAS  LAKE,  philosopher 
author,  was  born  May  15,  1823,  in  Eng 
land.  He  is  a  mystical  philosopher  who 
founded  the  Brotherhood  of  the  New  Life 
which  had  its  home  at  Salem-on-Erie' 
near  Brocton,  N.  Y.  He  has  since  lived 
in  California.  Among  his  writings  are 
included  Epics  of  the  Starry  Heavens; 
Modern  Spiritualism;  Lyric  of  the  Morn 
ing  Land;  Truth  and  Life  in  Jesus;  The 
Millennium  Age;  Arcana  of  Christianity; 
and  The  Wisdom  of  the  Adepts;  and 
God's  Breath  in  Man. 

HARRIS,  THOMAS  MEALEY,  soldier, 
physician,  author,  was  born  June  17  1817 
in  Wood  county,  Va.  He  was  promoted 
brigadier-general  in  1865.  He  applied 
himself  after  the  war  to  scientific  farm 
ing;  served  a  term  in  the  legislature  of 
West  Virginia  in  1867;  was  adjutant-gen 
eral  of  the  state  in  1869-70;  and  was  pen 
sion  agent  at  Wheeling  in  1871-77.  He  is 
the  author  of  medical  essays  and  of  a 
tract  entitled  Calvinism  Vindicated. 

HARRIS,  W.  JOHN,  physician,  author 
was  born  June  17,  1852,  in  England.  He 
has  conducted  a  large  practice  in  St. 
Louis,  and  is  also  surgeon  of  the  Good 
Samaritan  hospital.  He  is  the  author  of 
Alcohol,  its  Rational  Use;  The  Use  of 
Anaesthetics;  and  The  Hygiene  of  Con 
sumption. 

HARRIS,  WILEY  P.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Mississippi.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1853  to  1855.  He  took  part  in  the 
rebellion. 

HARRIS,  WILLIAM,  educator,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  April 
29,  1765,  in  Springfield,  Mass.  He  estab 
lished  several  classical  schools  in  Massa 
chusetts  and  New  York;  and  in  1811  be 
came  president  of  Columbia  university 
He  died  Oct.  18,  1829,  in  New  York  city. 

HARRIS,  WILLIAM,  educator,  farmer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  in  1832  in 
Burnt  Hills,  N.  Y.  Since  1836  he  has 
lived  in  Michigan; 
taught  school  sev 
eral  terms,  and  is 
now  a  successful 
farmer,  real  estate 
dealer  and  financier 
of  Norwood,  Mich. 
He  has  held  numer 
ous  public  offices  of 
honor;  has  been  reg 
ister  of  deeds;  judge 
of  probate  court; 
and  school  exami 
ner.  He  served  as  a 

member  of  the  Michigan  state  legislature 
m  1889-90,  1895-96,  and  in  1897 -98  •  and 
has  served  on  numerous  important  com 
mittees. 

HARRIS,  WILLIAM  A.,  journalist  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1805  in  Fau- 
quier  county,  Va.  He  was  twice  elected 
to  the  legislature  of  Virginia;  and  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1841.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1841  to  1843.  In  1845  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Polk  charge  d'af- 
aires  to  Buenos  Ayres,  where  he  remained 
until  1851.  He  became  the  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  the  Washington  Union,  which 
continued  in  his  possession  until  he  was 
elected  printer  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate,  which  office  he  held  for  two  years 
He  died  March  28,  1864,  in  Pike  county' 
Mo. 


moved  to  Kansas  in  1865  and  was  em 
ployed  as  civil  engineer  in  the  construc 
tion  of  the  Union  Pacific  railroad,  Kansas 
division,  for  three  years.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress,  at  large  as  a 
populist,  and  indorsed  by  the  democrats 
He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  as  a  populist. 

HARRIS,  WILLIAM  ANDERSON,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  July  16 
827,  in  Augusta  county,  Va.     In  1866  he 
became  president  of  the  Wesleyan  Female 
college  of  Staunton,  Va. 

HARRIS,  WILLIAM  D.,  banker  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  7,  1863,  in  Wilton, 
Iowa.  He  is  president  of  the  Bank  of 
Sharon  Springs,  Kan.,  and  in  1892  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  leg 
islature. 

HARRIS,  WILLIAM  LOGAN,  educator 
bishop,  author,  was  born  Nov  4  1817 
near  Mansfield.  Ohio.  He  was  a  met'hodist 
bishop  of  prominence  as  educator  and 
missionary,  and  the  author  of  The  Powers 
cf  the  General  Conference;  Ecclesiastical 
Law;  and  Relation  of  Episcopacy  to  the 
General  Conference.  He  died  Sent  2 
1887,  in  New  York  city. 

HARRIS,  WILLIAM  THADDEUS,  law 
yer,  journalist,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1826  in 
Milton,  Mass.  He  edited,  for  the  Massa 
chusetts  Historical  society,  Hubbard's 
History  of  New  England,  with  new  and 
important  notes;  the  third  volume  of  the 
Historical  and  Genealogical  Register;  and 
published  Epitaphs  from  the  Old  Burying- 
Ground  at  Cambridge.  He  died  Oct  19 
1854,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

HARRIS,   WILLIAM   TORREY,  educa 
tor,  philosopher,  journalist,  author     was 
born   Sept.   10,   1835,   in   North   Killingly, 
Conn.     He   is   a   speculative    philosopher 
and  educator  of  Washington  City,  a  trans 
lator  of  Hegel,   and  editor  of  The  Jour 
nal     of    Speculative     Philosophy.     Since 
1889  he  has   been    United  States  commis 
sioner  of  education.     He  is  the  author  of 
The    Spiritual   Sense    of   Dante's    Divina 
Commedia;    Method    of   Study    of  Social 
Science;    How   to   Teach    Social   Science; 
Hegel's  Logic,  a  critical  exposition;    and 
Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Philosophy. 
HARRISON,  ALBERT  G.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  from  Missouri  from  1835 
to  1839.     He  died  Sept.  7,  1839,  in  Fulton, 
Mo. 


HARRIS,  WILLIAM  A.,  farmer,  soldier 
civil  engineer,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1841,  inLoudoun 
county,  Va.  He  served  three  years  in 
the  confederate  army  as  assistant  adju 
tant-general  of  Wilcox's  brigade  and  ord 
nance  officer  of  D.  H.  Hill's  and  Rode's 
division,  army  of  northern  Virginia.  He 


HARRISON,  ANNA  SYMMES,  presi 
dent's  wife,  was  born  July  25,  1775,  in 
Morristown,  N.  H.  She  was  generous  and 
benevolent,  an  extensive  reader,  and  dur 
ing  all  her  life  took  a  deep  interest  in 
public  affairs.  She  died  Feb.  25,  1864. 

HARRISON,   BENJAMIN,  twenty-tuird 
president  of  the  United  States,  was  born 
Aug.  20,  1833,  at  North  Bend,  Ohio.     He 
is     a     grandson     of 
William  Henry  Har 
rison.    He  graduated 
at  Miami  university, 
Ohio,     in     1852,    and 
studied   law   in   Cin 
cinnati.  Married 
Caroline  Lavina 
Scott;   was  admitted 
to   the   bar   and     re 
moved  to  Indianapo 
lis,   where  he  began 
the  practice    of  law. 
He    was     appointed 
-ner  of  the  federal  court,  and  in  1860  was 
elected  supreme  court  reporter.     In  1861 
he  raised  a  regiment  and  Governor  Mor 
ton  commissioned  him  as  its  colonel      He 
remained  in  the  army  until  the  close  of 
the    war,    having    been    promoted    to    the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.    In  1880  he  was 


454 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


elected  United  States  senator,  took  the 
office  March  4,  1881,  and  served  six  years. 
The  republican  national  convention  met 
at  Chicago  June  19,  1888.  On  the  first  bal 
lot  the  vote  cast  gave  John  Sherman, 
Ohio,  229;  Walter  Q.  Gresham,  Illinois. 
Ill;  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  New  York,  99; 
Russell  A.  Alger,  Michigan,  84;  Benjamin 
Harrison.  Indiana,  80;  William  B.  Alli 
son,  Iowa,  72;  James  G.  Elaine.  Maine, 
35;  John  J.  Ingalls,  Kansas,  28;  Jeremiah 
M.  Rusk.  Wisconsin,  25;  William  Walter 
Phelps,  New  Jersey,  25;  Edwin  H.  Filler, 
Pennsylvania,  24;  Joseph  R.  Hawley, 
Connecticut,  13;  Robert  T.  Lincoln,  Illi 
nois,  3,  and  William  McKinley,  Ohio,  2. 
General  Harrison  was  nominated  on  the 
eighth  ballot,  receiving  554  votes  to  118 
for  Sherman,  100  for  Alger,  59  for  Gres 
ham,  5  for  Blaine  and  4  for  McKinley. 
It  was  made  unanimous.  Lev!  Parsons 
Morton,  of  New  York,  was  nominated  for 
vice-president  on  the  first  ballot,  which 
stood:  Morton,  561;  William  Walter 
Phelps,  119;  William  O.  Bradley,  Ken 
tucky,  93,  and  Blanche  K.  Bruce,  Missis 
sippi,  11.  Harrison  and  Morton  were 
elected  in  November  and  inaugurated 
March  4,  1889.  The  tenth  republican  na 
tional  convention  met  at  Minneapolis 
June  7,  1892.  President  Harrison  was  re- 
nominated  on  the  first  ballot  by  the  fol 
lowing  vote:  Harrison,  535;  James  G. 
Blaine,  182;  William  McKinley,  182; 
Thomas  Brackett  Reed,  4,  and  Robert  T. 
Lincoln,  1.  Whitelaw  Reid,  of  New  York, 
was  unanimously  nominated  for  vice- 
president.  They  were  beaten  at  the  en 
suing  election.  At  the  close  of  his  term, 
March  4.  1893,  Mr.  Harrison  returned  to 
the  practice  of  law  at  his  home  in  Indian 
apolis. 

HARRISON.  CARTER  B.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1793  to  1799. 

HARRISON,  CARTER  HENRY,  lawyer, 
mayor  of  Chicago,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  15,  1825,  in  Fayette  county,  Ky.  He 
was  a  democrat  and  mayor  of  Chicago  for 
eight  years,  from  1879  to  1887,  and  again 
in  1893.  He  represented  Cook  county  for 
two  terms  in  congress,  and  was  a  candi 
date  for  governor  of  Illinois  in  1884.  He 
bought  The  Chicago  Times  and  owned  it 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  assassi 
nated  by  an  anarchist,  and  died  Oct.  28, 
1893,  in  Chicago,  111. 

HARRISON,  CASKIE,  educator,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1848,  in 
Richmond,  Va.  In  1883  he  established  the 
Brooklyn  Latin  school.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Odes  of  Horace,  in  English  verse, 
which  was  much  praised  by  Longfellow; 
and  his  Notes  on  the  New  Edition  of 
Goodwin's  Greek  Moods  and  Tenses  has 
attracted  considerable  attention  in  the 
educational  world. 

HARRISON,  CHARLES  JAMES,  sol 
dier,  banker,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1841,  in 
Wheeling,  W.  Va.  During  the  war  he 
served  over  three  years  as  captain  of  com 
pany  I,  sixth  regiment  West  Virginia  vol 
unteer  infantry;  and  was  the  youngest 
captain  in  command  of  a  company  from 
West  V.irginia  during  the  war.  For  thir 
teen  years  he  was  president  of  a  private 
bank;  and  since  i890  has  been  president 
of  the  Somerset  County  National  bank  of 
Somerset,  Pa.,  in  which  city  he  is  promi 
nently  identified  with  its  financial  and 
public  affairs. 

HARRISON,  MRS.  CONSTANCE  (CA- 
RY),  author,  was  born  about  1835,  in  Van- 
cluse,  Va.  She  is  a  novelist  and  miscel 
laneous  writer  of  New  York  city,  and  the 
author  of  Story  of  Helen  Troy;  Woman's 
Handiwork  in  Modern  Homes;  An  Edel 
weiss  of  the  Sierras,  and  Other  Tales;  Bar 
Harbor  Days;  The  Old-Fashtoned  Fairy 


Books;  Folk  and  Fairy  Tales;  Anglo 
mania;  An  Errant  Wooing;  A  Virginia 
Cousin;  Bric-a-Brac  Stories;  A  Bachelor 
Maid;  Sweet  Bells  Out  of  Tune;  Crow's 
Nest  and  Belhaven  Tales;  and  Externals 
of  Modern  New  York. 

HARRISON,  GABRIEL,  educator,  dra 
matist,  author,  was  born  March  25,  1825, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Brooklyn 
dramatist  and  instructor  in  elocution,  and 
the  author  of  Life  of  John  Howard  Payne; 
The  Stratford  Bust,  a  Critical  Inquiry  as 
to  its  Authenticity;  Melanthia;  and  Dart- 
more,  are  among  his  writings. 

HARRISON,  GEORGE  LEIB,  philan 
thropist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1811, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  philan 
thropist  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author 
of  Chapters  on  Social  Science;  and  Legis 
lation  on  Insanity,  a  compilation  of  lu 
nacy  laws.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1885,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

HARRISON.  GEORGE  P.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  19, 
1841,  near  Savannah,  Ga.  He  entered -the 
confederate  army  as 
second  lieutenant  of 
the  first  Georgia  reg 
ulars,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  brigadier- 
general.  He  re 
moved  to  Alabama 
in  1865;  was  elected 
commandant  of  ca 
dets  at  university  of 
Alabama,  but  de 
clined;  and  was  sub 
sequently  elected  to 
the  same  position  at 
the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  college 
of  Alabama,  and  served  one  year.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  Alabama  in  1875;  was  elected  state 
senator  in  1876;  and  re-elected  in  1880.  He 
was  president  of  the  state  senate  from 
1882  to  1884;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
national  democratic  convention  held  in 
Chicago  in  1892.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as 
a  democrat. 

HARRISON,  GESSNER,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  26,  1807,  in  Harrison- 
burg,  Va.  He  was  a  once  noted  educator 
of  Virginia,  and  the  author  of  Exposition 
of  Some  Laws  of  Greek  Grammar;  and  On 
Greek  Prepositions.  He  died  April  7, 
1862,  in  Charlottesville,  Va. 

HARRISON,  HALL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1837,  in  Anne,  Md.  He  is 
an  episcopal  clergyman  and  educator. 
From  1865  to  1879  he  was  a  master  in  St. 
Paul's  school  at  Concord,  and  since  the 
latter  date  rector  of  St.  John's  church  at 
Ellicott  City,  Md.  He  is  the  author  of 
Life  of  Hugh  Davy  Evans;  and  Life  of 
Bishop  Kerfoot. 

HARRISON,  HENRY  B.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1821, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  of  Connecticut  in  1854: 
was  a  representative  in  the  legislature  of 
Connecticut  in  1865,  1873,  and  1884;  and 
in  the  latter  year  was  speaker  of  the 
house.  He  was  elected  governor  of  Con 
necticut  for  the  term  of  two  years  from 
January,  1885. 

HARRISON,  HORACE  H.,  lawyer,  ju- 
•rist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1829, 
in  Wilson  county,  Tenn.  He  was  elected 
clerk  of  the  state  senate  in  1851.  He  was 
appointed  United  States  district  attorney 
for  Middle  Tennessee  in  1863;  and  was 
elected  chancellor  in  the  Nashville  chan 
cery  division  in  1866.  He  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Tennessee 
In  1867;  and  was  again  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  in  1872.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a 
republican. 


HARRISON,  JAMES  ALBERT,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1848,  in 
Pass  Christian,  Miss.  He  is  an  educator 
in  Virginia,  and  since  1876  a  professor 
of  languages  at  Washington  and  Lee  uni 
versity.  He  is  the  author  of  Greek  Vig 
nettes;  Spain  in  Profile;  The  Rhine; 
French  Syntax;  The  History  of  Spain; 
The  Story  of  Greece;  Autrefois,  Tales  of 
Old  New  Orleans  and  Elsewhere;  A  Group 
of  Poets  and  Their  Haunts;  Dictionary  of 
Anglo-Saxon  Poetry;  and  Exodus  and 
Daniel. 

HARRISON,  JAMES  THOMAS,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1811,  near  Pendleton,  S. 
C.  In  1861  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
vention  of  southern  states  in  Montgom 
ery,  and  served  also  in  the  confederate 
congress  during  the  entire  period  of  its 
existence.  He  died  May  22,  1879,  in  Co 
lumbus,  Miss. 

HARRISON,  JOHN  HOFFMAN,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  30,  1808,  in  Washington.  D.  C. 
In  1845  he  established  the  New  Orleans 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  which  he 
edited  four  years.  He  published  an  Essay 
toward  a  Correct  Theory  of-  the  Nervous 
System,  and  contributed  important  arti 
cles  to  medical  journals.  He  died  March 
19,  1849,  in  New  Orleans. 

HARRISON,  JOHN  SCOTT,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1804,  in  Vincennes, 
Ind.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1853  to  1857.  He 
died  May  26,  1878,  in  North  Bend,  Ohio. 

HARRISON,  JONATHAN  BAXTER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1835,  In 
Ohio.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  the  author  of  Cer 
tain  Dangerous  Tendencies  in  American 
Life;  and  The  Latest  Studies  on  Indian 
Reservations. 

HARRISON,  JOSEPH,  engineer,  inven 
tor,  author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1810, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadel 
phia  engineer  and  inventor,  and  from 
1843-52  was  employed  in  locomotive  con 
struction  by  the  Russian  government.  He 
was  the  author  of  Essay  on  the  Steam 
Boiler;  The  Locomotive  Engine  and  Phil 
adelphia's  Share  in  its  Early  Improve 
ments;  and  The  Iron  Worker  and  King 
Solomon,  a  poem.  He  died  March  27, 
1874,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HARRISON.  MILES  W.,  educator,  was 
born  June  6,  1855,  in  La  Grange,  Ohio.  In 
1879  he  graduated  from  the  Oberlin  col 
lege;  and  has  ever  since  been  engaged  in 
educational  work.  He  was  principal  of 
the  high  schools  of  Auburn,  Ind.;  and 
subsequently  superintendent  of  city 
schools  in  that  city.  Since  1886  he  has 
been  superintendent  of  city  schools  in 
Wabash,  Ind.;  and  is  considered  one  of 
the  foremost  educators  of  that  state. 

HARRISON,  NAPOLEON  BONA 
PARTE,  naval  officer,  was  born  Feb.  19, 
1823,  in  Virginia.  In  1838  he  entered  the 
navy  as  a  midshipman;  became  command 
er  in  1862:  captain  in  1868;  and  in  1868-69 
was  commandant  of  cadets  in  the  United 
States  naval  academy.  He  died  Oct.  27, 
1870,  in  Key  West,  Fla. 

HARRISON.  RICHARD,  public  official, 
was  born  in  1750.  He  was  auditor  of  the 
United  States  for  fifty-five  years:  and 
five  years  consul  to  Cadiz.  He  died  July 
10,  1841,  In  Washington. 

HARRISON,  RICHARD  A.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1827  in  England.  In  1857  he  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  house  of  representatives;  and 
subsequently  to  the  state  senate.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAlf    BIOGRAPHY. 


455 


HARRISON,  ROBERT  HANSON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1745,  in 
Maryland.  In  1775  he  obtained  the  rank 
of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  remained  in  the 
military  family  of  the  commanding  gen 
eral  till  the  spring  of  1781.  He  became 
chief  justice  of  the  general  court  of  Mary 
land  on  March  10,  1781,  but  declined  the 
appointment  of  judge  of  the  United  States 
supreme  court  in  1789.  He  died  April  2, 
1790,  in  Charles  county,  Md. 

HARRISON,  S.  S.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1833  to  1837. 

HARRISON,  SARAH,  Quaker  preacher, 
was  born  about  1748,  in  Delaware  county, 
Pa.  She  first  preached  in  the  Quaker 
meetings  during  the  revolution,  and  was 
acknowledged  a  minister  in  1781.  She  died 
Dec.  29,  1812,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HARRISON,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1785  to  1787. 

HARRISON,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  ninth 
president  of  the  United  States,  was  born 
Feb.  9,  1773,  in  Charles  City  county,  Va. 
and  was  educated 
for  the  medical  pro 
fession  at  Hampden 
Sidney  college.  He 
soon  after  joined  the 
army,  and  departed 
for  the  western  wil 
derness  to  engage  in 
the  Indian  wars,  and 
was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  captain.  In 
1791  he  married  the 
daughter  of  Judge 
Symmes,  and  resign 
ed  his  military  commission  for  the  pur 
pose  of  accepting  the  office  of  secretary 
of  the  Northwestern  territory,  comprising 
the  states  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Mich 
igan  and  Wisconsin.  In  1799  he  was  elect 
ed  the  first  delegate  to  congress  from  the 
Northwestern  territory,  and  in  1801,  when 
Indiana  was  created  into  a  territory,  he 
was  appointed  its  first  governor.  In  1812 
he  was  made  commander  of  the  north 
western  army,  with  the  commission  of 
brigadier-general,  and  in  1S16  he  was 
elected  a  representative  to  congress  from 
Ohio,  and  held  the  office  three  years.  In 
1819  he  was  elected  state  senator,  and  in 
1824  United  States  senator.  In  1828  he 
was  sent  to  the  republic  of  Colombia  as 
minister  plenipotentiary.  On  his  return 
he  retired  to  his  farm  at  North  Bend, 
Ohio,  where  he  lived  until  1836,  when  he 
became  a  candidate  for  the  presidency, 
and  was  defeated.  On  the  4th  of  Decem 
ber,  1839,  the  whig  national  convention 
met  at  Harrisburg.  James  Barbour,  of 
Virginia,  was  chosen  president  of  the  con 
vention.  On  the  third  day  (Dec.  6)  the 
nominations  were  made.  Of  the  254  votes, 
William  Henry  Harrison  received  148; 
Henry  Clay,  90;  Winfield  Scott,  16.  Har 
rison,  having  received  a  majority,  was 
declared  the  nominee.  John  Tyler  was 
nominated  for  vice-president.  They  were 
elected  in  1840,  and  took  tne  oath  of  office 
March  4,  1841.  Harrison  died  the  4th  of 
April,  1841.  Harrison  held  office  about 
twenty  years. 

HARRISON,  WILLIAM  HENRY  AR 
CHER,  soldier,  farmer,  merchant,  educa 
tor,  was  born  April  30,  1846,  in  Center- 
ville.  Mo.  He  served  during  the  war  for 
three  years  in  the  fortieth  regiment,  Illi 
nois  volunteer  infantry;  subsequently 
taught  school;  and  then  became  a  suc 
cessful  merchant.  He  has  held  every  po 
sition  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub 
lic,  from  guard  to  department  command 
er,  and  resides  in  Checotah,  I.  T. 


HARRISON,  WILLIAM  POPE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Georgia. 
He  is  a  prominent  clergyman  of  the  meth- 
odist  church,  south,  and  the  author  of 
Theophilus  Walton,  a  controversial  work; 
Lights  and  Shadows  of  Forty  Years;  The 
Living  Christ;  The  High  Churchman  Dis 
armed;  Methodist  Union;  and  The  Gospel 
Among  the  Slaves. 

HARRISSE,  HENRI,  bibliographer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1830,  in  France.  He  is 
a  bibliographer  of  New  York  city,  of 
French  birth,  but  long  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States.  He  is  the  author  of  Bib- 
liotheca  Americana  Vetustissima;  Chris- 
tophe  Colombe;  Jean  et  Sebastian  Cabot; 
and  The  Discovery  of  North  America. 

HARRITY,  WILLIAM  F.,  lawyer,  poli 
tician,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1850,  in  Wil 
mington,  Del.  He  received  his  education 
_^^^^_____^  In  the  public  and 
private  schools 

and  St.  Mary's  col 
lege,  in  his  native 
city;  and  in  1871 
graduated  from  the 
LaSalle  college,  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa., 
with  the  degree  of 
M.  A.  During  1885- 
89  he  was  postmas 
ter  at  Philadelphia; 
secretary  of  the 
state  of  Pennsyl 
vania  during  1891-95;  and  chairman  of 
the  democratic  national  committee  dur 
ing  1892-96.  He  has  attained  success  as 
an  astute  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
where  he  is  also  president  of  the  Equita 
ble  Trust  company. 

HARROD,  JAMES,  a  Kentucky  pioneer, 
was  born  in  1746  in  Virginia.  He  built 
the  first  log  cabin  upon  the  present  site 
of  Harrodsburg;  and  was  one  of  the  most 
efficient  of  the  early  military  leaders  of 
Kentucky. 

HARROW,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1820,  in  Indiana.  He  was  en 
gaged,  as  colonel  of  the  fourteenth  Indi 
ana  infantry,  at  the  battle  of  Antietam, 
where  more  than  half  of  his  regiment 
were  killed  or  wounded.  He  was  commis 
sioned  as  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
in  1862,  and  resigned  in  1865. 

HARRY,  MATTHEW  JAMES,  soldier, 
legislator,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1821,  in 
Epping,  N.  H.  He  has  served  as  a  captain 
of  a  company  of  infantry  in  the  fourth 
regiment  of  the  old  New  Hampshire  mi 
litia.  He  served  with  distinction  in  1855- 
56  as  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire 
state  legislature.  He  has  contributed  val 
uable  articles  to  the  agricultural  press; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  merito 
rious  poems. 

HARSH,  JAMES  BIRNEY,  soldier,  ed 
ucator,  banker,  legislator,  was  born  Sept. 
8,  1845,  in  Clinton  county,  Ohio.  After 
completing  his  education  at  tne  Lombard 
university  of  Galesburg,  111.,  he  taught 
school;  was  school  principal,  and  be 
came  president  of  a  business  college. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  sergeant  of 
company  K,  one  hundred  and  forty-eighth 
Illinois  regiment  volunteer  infantry.  He 
has  twice  served  as  mayor  of  Creston, 
Iowa;  was  the  founder  and  editor  of  the 
Creston  Daily  Gazette;  and  has  been 
president  of  several  leagues  and  associa 
tions.  He  served  with  distinction  for  two 
terms  as  a  member  of  the  Iowa  state  sen 
ate;  and  since  1882  has  been  president  of 
the  First  National  bank  of  Creston,  Iowa; 
in  which  city  he  has  always  been  promi 
nently  identified  with  its  financial  and 
public  atiairs. 


HARSH,  SAMUEL  DAVID,  journalist, 
was  born  May  26,  1869,  in  Galesburg,  111. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Creston,  Iowa;  and  at  the  Lom 
bard  university  of  Galesburg,  111.  He 
took  an  active  part  in  public  affairs;  was 
delegate  and  vice-president  of  Iowa  of 
the  national  republican  league.  He  was 
the  brilliant  editor  of  the  Creston  Daily 
Gazette;  a  man  of  high  attainment;  but 
died  at  an  early  age,  on  March  3,  1893. 

HARSHA,  DAVID  ADDISON,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  15,  1827,  in  Argyle,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  writer  in  Argyle,  N.  Y.,  and  the 
author  of  The  Heavenly  Token;  The  Star 
of  Bethlehem;  Manual  of  Sacred  Litera 
ture;  Lives  of  Charles  Sumner,  Dodd- 
ridge,  Baxter,  Bunyan,  Addison,  James 
Hervey,  Watts,  Whitefield,  Abraham 
Booth;  and  Eminent  Orators  and  States 
men. 

HARSHAW,  ANDREW.  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1839,  in 
Ireland.  He  has  been  twice  elected  a 
member  01  the  Micfiigan  state  senate,  in 
1887  and  in  1889. 

HARSHMAN,  SAMUEL  RUFUS,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  evangelist,  was  born 
Nov.  30,  1841,  in  Trumbull  county,  Ohio. 
He  received  nis  education  at  the  Alle 
gheny  college  of  Meadville,  Pa.,  and  at 
the  Illinois  college  of  Jacksonville,  111. 
During  1856-64  he  was  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work:  then  for  five  years  was  a 
clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church;  and  since  1869  has  been  an  evan 
gelist.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  en 
titled  bermons  on  Familiar  Subjects. 

HART,  ABRAHAM,  publisher,  was 
born  Dec.  15,  1810,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
His  house  was  the  first  to  collect  the 
fugitive  essays  of  Macaulay,  Jeffrey, 
Mackintosh,  Carlyle,  and  others,  and  pub 
lish  them  in  separate  volumes.  He  died 
July  22,  1885,  in  Long  Branch,  N.  J. 

HART,  ALBERT  BUSHNELL,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1854,  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  is  a  professor  of  history  in  Har 
vard  university,  and  the  author  of  Co 
ercive  Powers  of  the  United  States  Gov 
ernment;  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 
Federal  Government;  Formation  of  the 
Union,  1750-1829;  Studies  in  Education; 
Life  of  Salmon  Chase;  and  Practical  Es 
says  on  American  Government. 

HART,  ALPHONSO,  lawyer,  journalist, 
lieutenant-governor,  congressman,  was 
born  July  4,  1830,  in  Vienna,  Ohio.  He 
was  editor  of  the 
Portage  Sentinel 
from  1854  to  1857: 
and  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney 
of  Portage  county 
in  1861,  and  re-elect 
ed  in  1863.  In  1864 
he  resigned  and  was 
elected  state  sen 
ator;  and  was  again 
elected  state  senator 
in  1871.  In  1872  he 
was  a  presidential 
elector;  and  in  1873  was  elected  lieuten 
ant-governor.  He  removed  from  Ravenna 
to  Cleveland,  Ohio;  in  1878  settled  at 
Hillsboro;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress. 

HART,  CHARLES  HENRY,  lawyer,  art 
expert,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1847,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  director  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts;  and 
a  recognized  authority  on  historical  por 
traiture  in  this  country  and  abroad.  He 
is  the  author  of  Memoir  of  W.  H.  Pres- 
cott;  Biographical  Sketch  of  Abraham 
Lincoln;  Turner,  the  Dream  Painter;  Re 
marks  on  Tabasco,  Mexico;  and  Biblio- 
graphia  Websteriana. 


456 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HART,  DAN,  educator,  farmer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Nov.  6.  1855,  in  Andrews, 
Ohio.  He  attended  the  Normal  school  of 
Valparaiso,  Ind.,  and  the  Normal  school 
of  Worthington,  Ohio.  For  many  years 
he  was  engaged  in  educational  work,  and 
is  now  a  successful  farmer  and  stock- 
raiser  of  Norton,  Kan.  He  served  two 
terms  as  clerk  of  the  district  court;  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Kansas 
state  legislature  in  1894;  and  to  the  state 
senate  in  1896. 

HART,  DAVID  HASLETON.  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  9.  1839, 
in  Lycoming  county.  Pa.  He  served  as 
captain  of  company  C,  one  hundred  and 
sixth  Illinois  volunteer  infantry,  during 
the  civil  war.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Illinois  legislature  in  1879;  and  has 
been  candidate  for  congress  and  governor 
on  the  prohibition  ticket  in  1882  and  in 
1884. 

HART,  E.  KIRKE,  banker,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  18,  1841,  in  Albion. 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly 
in  1872;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

HART,  EMANUEL  BERNARD,  mer 
chant,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
29,  1811,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1851  to 
1853.  He  was  at  one  time  a  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  state  militia;  was  appoint 
ed  surveyor  of  the  port  of  New  York; 
and  was  also  frequently  a  member  of  the 
state  and  national  conventions  of  the 
democratic  party. 

HART,  HASTINGS  HORNELL,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Dec.  !•»,  1851,  in  Brook- 
field,  Ohio.  In  1883  he  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  state  board  of  correc 
tions  and  charities;  and  during  1894-98 
was  secretary  of  the  national  conference 
of  charities  and  corrections.  In  1898  he 
became  superintendent  of  the  Illinois 
Children's  Home  and  Aid  society  of  Chi 
cago. 

HART.  HENRY,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  May  13,  1840,  in 
China,  Mich.  He  has  been  a  justice  of  the 
peace;  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  his 
county  for  four  years;  and  in  1875  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Michigan  state 
legislature.  The  same  year  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  twenty-first  judicial  circuit, 
which  office  he  still  fills,  having  been  re- 
elected  three  times. 

HART,  JAMES  MORGAN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1839,  in  New  Jersey. 
He  has  been  a  professor  of  Germanic 
languages  at  Cornell  university  since" 
1868,  and  is  the  author  of  Handbook  of 
English  Composition;  Syllabus  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  Literature;  and  German  Universi 
ties. 

HART,  JOEL  T.;  sculptor,  inventor, 
was  born  in  1810,  in  Clark  county,  Ky. 
His  best  compositions  are  Charity;  Wo 
man  Triumphant;  and  Penseroea.  He 
invented  an  apparatus  for  obtaining  me 
chanically  the  outline  of  a  head  from  life. 
He  died  March  1,  1877,  in  Italy. 

HART,  JOHN,  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  was  born  in  1708,  in 
Hopewell,  N.  J.  He  was  one  of  the  sign 
ers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
and  great  confidence  was  reposed  in  the 
wisdom  and  judgment  of  honest  John 
Hart.  He  died  in  1780,  in  Hopewell,  N.  .]. 

HART,  JOHN  SEELY,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1810,  In  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.  He  was  an  educator  of  New 
Jersey  who  was  professor  of  rhetoric  at 
Princeton  college  in  1872-77.  He  was  the 
author  of  Manuals  of  English  and  Amer 
ican  Literature;  Composition  and  Rhet 


oric;    and   In   the   Schoolroom.     He   died 
March  26,  1877,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HART,  JOSEPH  J.,  journalist,  business 
man,  congressman,  was  born  April  18, 
1859,  in  Nyack,  N.  Y.  He  attended  the 

schools  of  his  native 

villageand  the  Char- 
lier  institute  of  New 
York  city,  from 
which  institution  he 
graduated  in  1876: 
became  bookkeeper 
in  a  grain  ware 
house  in  Brooklyn; 
on  attaining  his  ma 
jority  returned  to 
Nyack  and  pur 
chased  City  and 
Country,  the  leading 
democratic  newspaper  of  the  section, 
which  he  successfully  conducted  until 
1883,  when  he  removed  to  Pike  county, 
I'a..  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  is 
engaged  in  insurance  and  real  estate  bus 
iness  at  Milford.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

HART,  JOSEPH  PEEPLES,  lawyer, 
journalist,  was  born  May  9.  1847,  in  Arka- 
delphia,  Ark.  This  successful  lawyer  and 
journalist  has  always  been  prominently 
identified  with  the  public  affairs  of  his 
native  city  and  county.  He  has  been 
special  circuit  judge;  United  States  cir 
cuit  court  commissioner;  commissioner  of 
accounts  for  his  county;  and  for  many 
years  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

HART,  NANCY,  revolutionary  heroine, 
was  born  about  1755,  in  Elbert  county, 
Ga.  On  the  occasion  of  an  excursion  of 
the  British  from  the  camp  at  Augusta 
into  the  interior,  a  party  of  five  of  the 
enemy  came  to  her  cabin  to  pillage. 
While  they  were  eating  and  drinking  at 
her  table  she  contrived  to  conceal  their 
arms,  and  when  they  sprang  to  their  feet 
at  the  sound  of  the  approaching  neigh 
bors  she  ordered  them  to  surrender  or 
pay  the  forfeit  with  their  lives.  One  man 
stirred,  and  was  shot  dead.  Terror  of 
capture  induced  another  to  attempt  es 
cape,  but  he  met  with  the  same  fate. 
When  the  neighbors  arrived  they  found 
the  woman  posted  in  the  doorway,  two 
men  dead  on  the  floor,  and  the  others 
kept  at  bay.  Hart  county,  Ga.,  is  named 
for  her.  She  died  about  1840,  in  Elbert 
county,  Ga. 

HART,  0.  B.,  jurist,  governor,  was 
born  in  the  north.  He  was  made  associate 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  in  1868;  was 
elected  governor  of  Florida  in  1872.  He 
died  March  18,  1874. 

HART,  OLIVER,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  5,  1723,  in  Warminster,  Pa. 
He  was  an  active  patriot,  and  was  sent 
with  William  Tennant  by  the  council  of 
safety  to  reconcile  some  of  the  disaffected 
frontier  settlers  to  the  change  in  public 
affairs  consequent  upon  the  revolution. 
He  had  some  ability  as  a  writer  of  verse, 
and  published  a  Discourse  on  the  Death 
of  William  Tennant;  Dancing  Exploded: 
The  Christian  Temple;  and  A  Gospel 
Church  Portrayed.  He  died  Dec.  31,  1795, 
in  Hopewell,  N.  J. 

HART.  ROSWELL,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1824,  in  Rochester,  N.  f. 
In  1864  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth 
congress.  He  died  April  20,  1883. 

HART.  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1845,  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman,  professor 
in  Trinity  college;  and  has  published  edi 
tions  of  Juvenal  and  Persius;  and  His 
torical  Sermons  of  Bishop  Seabury. 


HART,  WILLIAM,  artist,  was  bora 
March  31,  1823,  in  Scotland.  At  the  or 
ganization  of  the  Brooklyn  academy  of 
design  in  1865,  he  became  its  president, 
and  continued  in  that  office  several  years. 
He  has  exhibited  at  the  National  acad 
emy  The  September  Snow;  and  Autumn 
in  the  Woods  of  Maine;  Scene  on  the  Pea- 
body  River,  in  water  colors;  Twilight  on 
the  Brook. 

HART,  WILLIAM  OCTAVE,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  19,  1857,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  He  received  his  education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  his  na 
tive  city,  and  at 
Lusher's  Commer 
cial  academy.  In 
1878  he  commenced 
the  study  of  law, 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1880  by 
the  supreme  court 
of  Louisiana.  Since 
that  time  he  has  the 
record  of  having 
tried  more  cases 
than  any  other  law 
yer  in  New  Orleans.  He  has  traveled  ex 
tensively  throughout  the  American  con 
tinent;  has  been  in  every  state  and  terri 
tory  of  the  union;  every  city  ot  any  size 
In  the  United  States;  and  through  Can 
ada  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific. 
Mr.  Hart  owns  the  largest  private  library 
in  the  south.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  Louisiana  in 
1898;  and  has  served  three  terms  as  a 
member  of  the  examining  committee  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  state  of  Louisi 
ana,  for  the  admission  of  candidates  to- 
the  bar.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mercial  Law  league  and  the  American 
Bar  association. 

HARTE  FRANCIS  BRET,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1839,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  California  writer 
who  first  drew  public  attention  in  1868 
by  a  short  story  called  The  Luck  of 
Roaring  Camp,  published  in  the  Overland 
Monthly,  which  he  edited.  This  tale,  and 
the  now  famous  poem.  Plain  Language 
from  Truthful  James,  established  his  rep 
utation.  From  18d  to  1878  he  resided  in 
New  York,  and  since  that  date  he  has 
lived  abroad,  but  mainly  in  London  from 
1885.  His  writings  include,  Condensed 
Novels;  The  Luck  of  Roaring  Camp,  and 
Other  Sketches;  Mrs.  Skaggs's  Husbands; 
Tales  of  the  Argonauts;  Gabriel  Conroy; 
Two  Men  of  Sandy  Bar,  a  play;  The  Story 
of  a  Mine;  Drift  from  Two  Shores; 
Thankful  Blossom;  The  Twins  of  Table 
Mountain:  By  Shore  and  Sedge;  Flip,  and 
Found  at  Blazing  Star;  In  the  Carquinez 
Woods;  On  the  Frontier;  Maruja;  Snow- 
Bound  at  Egle's;  The  Queen  of  the  Pi 
rate  Isle,  a  Chilu  s  Story;  A  Millionaire 
of  Rough-and-Ready:  The  Crusade  of  the 
Excelsior;  A  Phyllis  of  the  Sierras;  The 
Argonauts  of  North  Liberty;  Cressy: 
The  Heritage  of  Dedlow  Marsh;  A  Waif 
of  the  Plains;  A  vVard  of  the  Golden 
Gate;  A  Sappho  of  Green  Springs;  Col 
onel  Starbottle's  Client;  A  First  Family 
of  Tasajara;  Susy;  A  Protegee  of  Jack 
Hamlin's;  Sally  Dows;  The  Bell-Ringer 
of  Angel's;  Clarence;  and  In  a  Hollow  of 
the  Hills;  Barker's  Luck.  In  verse  he 
has  published  East  and  West  Poems; 
Echoes  of  the  Foot  Hills. 

HARTE,  WALTER  BLACKBURN,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1866,  in  Canada.  He 
has  published  Meditations,  in  Motley. 

HARTER,  MICHAEL  D.,  banker,  man 
ufacturer,  congressman,  was  born  April 
6,  1846,  in  Canton,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
from  Ohio  to  the  fifty-second  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
democrat. 


HARTLEY.  CECIL  B.,  author.  He  was 
author  of  Louis  Wetzel,  the  Virginia 
Ranger;  Lives  of  Empress  Josephine 
Francis  Marion,  Daniel  Boone;  Hunting 
Spots  in  the  West;  Lives  of  the  Three 
Mrs  Judsons;  and  Pictorial  Teaching  and 
Bible  Illustration. 

HARTLEY,  ISAAC  SMITHSON  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept  27  1830 
m  New  York  city.  He  is  a  Dutch  re- 
ormed  clergyman  of  Utica  since  1871  and 

Mn|allthnr-t°f-Prayer  and  Its  Relation  to 
Modern  Criticism;  and  Old  Fort  Schuvler 
in  History. 

HARTLEY,  JONATHAN  SCOTT 
sculptor,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1845  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  He  is  one  of  the  original 
members  of  the  Salmagundi  Sketch  club 
and  was  professor  of  anatomy  in  the' 
schools  of  the  Art  Students'  league  in 
is™  en  3ud  President  of  the  league  in 
His  works  include  The  Young 
Samaritan;  King  Rene's  Daughter 

HARTLEY,  LEWIS  R.,  educator,  author, 
poet.  He  is  the  author  of  several  his 
torical  works  and  his  poems  have  been  a 
valuable  acquisition  to  periodical  litera- 

HARTLEY,    ROBERT   MILHAM     phil 
anthropist,    author,    was    born    Feb     17 
796,  in  England.     He  was  a  philanthro 
pist  who  founded  in  1842  the  New  York 
Association  for  Improving  the  Condition 
the  Poor.     He  was  the  author  of  His 
tory,    Science,    and    Practical    Essay     on 
Milk;    and   Temperance    in    Large   Cities 
and   Towns.      He   died   March   A    1881     in 
New  York  city. 

HARTLEY,  THOMAS,  soldier,  lawyer 
congressman,  was  born  Sept  7  1748  in 
Reading,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war  as  a  colonel  from  1776  to 
17(9.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1789  until 
his  death.  He  died  Dec.  21,  1800,  in  York, 

i     3,, 

HARTMAN.  CHARLES  S.,  lawyer  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  1,  1861  in 
Monticello,  Ind.  He  was  elected  probate 
judge  of  Gallatin  county,  Montana  and 
served  two  years  as  such.  In  1889  he  was 
a  member  of  the  constitutional  conven- 
'on:ami  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  repub 
lican,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  silver  republican. 

i«tHlR™!AN'  WIL^AM  DELL,  natural- 
st,   was    born   Dec.    24,    1817,    in    Chester 

t,nn    yf   ^n  He  has  made  a  large  collec 
tion  of  shells,  which  is  especially  rich  in 
partute   and   achatmell*.     In  connection 
with    Dr.    Ezra    Michener.    he    issued    an 
llustrated    and    descriptive   catalogue   of 
tresh  water  and  land  shells  of  Chester 
county,  Pa. 

HARTRANFT,  CHESTER  DAVID 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Oct.  15,  1839.  in  Frederick,  Pa  He  has 
been  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  in 
the  Hartford  Theological  seminary  of 
which  institution  he  is  president. 

HARTRANFT,  JOHN  FREDERICK 
soldier,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  16  183o' 
m  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
colonel  of  the  fourth  Pennsylvania-  and 
•om  1864  was  a  brigadier-general  and 
had  command  of  a  brigade  at  the  battle 
of  the  \Vilderness.  He  was  brevetted  a 
major-general;  and  his  troops  were  the 
first  that  entered  Petersburg  In  1865  he 
was  elected  auditor-general  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  re-elected  in  1868  In  187'  he 
was  elected  governor  of  Pennsylvania 

f?  i^oS.re\elected  in  18'°-     He  died  Oct.' 
n,  l»89,  in  Norristown,  Pa. 

HARTRIDGE,  JULIAN,  soldier  lawyer 

congressman,  was  born  in  Savannah    Ga' 

J   was   so,,citor-general   of   the  eastern 


HERR,XGSHAW,S    ENCYCLOPEDIA   Q1,   AMKRICAN    BIOGRAPHY 


457 


judicial  circuit  of  Georgia;  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature;  and  delegate 

t  Vi™Chai;leston  democratic  convention 
I860.  He  served  in  the  confederate 
irmy;  and  was  a  member  of  the  confed- 
erae  congress.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Georgia  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress,  and  re-eiected  to  the  fortv-fifth 
congress.  He  died  Jan.  8  1879 

HARTSHORNE,  CHARLES,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1829,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1857  he  became  president 

18B2  of  t?"3,1"1!*6    Rallroad    company;     in 
of  the  Lehigh  and  Mahoning,  and  in 
1880  president  of  the  Lehigh  Valley 

HARTSHORNE,  EDWARD,  physician, 
author,  was  born  May  14,  1818,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  phy 
sician  and  the  author  of  Separate  Sys 
tem  for  Criminals;  Ophthalmic  Medicine 
Surgery;  and  an  edition  of  Taylor's 
Medical  Jurisprudence,  with  notes  He 
died  June  22,  1885,  in  Philadelphia  Pa 

HARTSHORNE,  HENRY,  physician 
vl  ,  r',poet'  was  0°rn  March  16,  1823  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia 
physician,  and  professor  of  organic  sci 
ence  at  Haverford  college  in  18t>7-97  He 
was  the  author  of  Memoranda  Medica- 
Essentials  of  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Medicines;  Family  Adviser;  Our  Homes; 
Cholera;  Household  Manual;  Handbook 
of  Human  Anatomy;  Conspectus  of  the 
Medical  Sciences;  Glycerin  and  Its  Uses- 
Woman's  Witchcraft,  a  dramatic  rol 
malice;  and  Summer  Songs.  He  died  in 

1  o"  /. 

HARTSUFF,  GEORGE  LUCAS,  soldier, 
was  born  May  28,  1830,  in  lyre  N  Y 
He  served  at  Fort  Pickens,  Fla.,  till  1861  •' 
then  ,n  West  Virginia  under  General 
Rosecrans,  and  became  a  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers,  he  died  May  16  1874 
m  New  York  city. 

HARTT,  CHARLES  FREDERICK    ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  in  1840   in  New 
Brunswick.     He  was  a  professor  of  geol- 
°hyfat,9?rne11    university    in    1868,    and 
chief  of  the   geological   surveys  in  Brazil 
at   the  time  of   his   death.     He   was   the 
author   of    Geology    and    Physical    Geog 
raphy    of    Brazil;     Contributions    to   the 
Geology  of  the  Lower  Amazons;  and  Am 
azonian  Tortoise  Myths.     He  died  in  1878 
HARTWELL,     ALONZO,     artist,     was 
)orn89!\b-    19.    1805,    in    Littleton, 'Mass 
In  1822  he  went  to  Boston,  and  soon  af 
terward  was   apprenticed  to  a   wood  en 
graver,  till  182t>,  when  he  engaged  in  the 
business    for    himself.      He    subsequently 
attained    national    repute    as    an    artist 
He  died  Jan.  17,  1872,  in  Waltham    Mass 


T-I  A  RA^TJ*V     /"*     f 

i      ttv  a,  *,  c.  C.,  railroad  president    was 
'.CVV  18t6'    in    Newfoundland.      Since 
1  he  has  been  the  president  of  the  New 
Orleans  and  North  Eastern  railroad-  Ala 
bama  ana  Vicksburg  railway;  and  Vicks- 
burg,  Shreveport  and  Pacific  railroad 

HARVEY,    DAVID   A.,   soldier,    lawyer 

jurist,  congressman,  was  born  March  2o' 

$45,  m  Nova  Scotia.     He  served  through-' 

the   war  in   company  B,  fourth  Ohio 

faVa!co'     "."   removed   to  Topeka,   Kan., 

in   1869,   where  he   served   four  years   as 

city   attorney,   and   six   years  as  probate 

judge.     He    was    elected    delegate   from 

Oklahoma  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as 

a  republican. 

HARVEY,  DWIGHT  B.,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,   was   born   June   4,   1834,    in   Mar- 
tmsburg,   Ohio.     Since   1882   he   has  been 
president   of  the    Granville    Female   col- 
ege,   which  was  founded  in  1827,  and  is 
bus    the    pioneer    girls'    school    of    the 
higher  type  in  the  west. 

HARVEY,  JAMES  C.,  author,  poet   was 
born   in   Danbury,   Conn.     He   is   a   well- 
known  journalist  of  New  York  city  and 
ie  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Lines  and  Rhymes. 

HARVEY.  JAMES  MADISON  civil 
engineer,  governor.  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1833,  in  Monroe 
•ounty,  Va.  He  was  captain  in  the  fourth 
and  tenth  regiments  of  Kansas  volunteer 
infantry  from  1861  until  1864  He  was  a 
member  in  the  lower  house  of  the  state 
legislature  in  1865  and  1866;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate  in  1867  and  1868- 
was  governor  of  Kansas  from  1869  to 
1871;^  and  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
to  fill  a  vacancy,  serving  during 


HARVEY,  JOHN,  was  made  governor 
of  Virginia  in  1630.  He  served  for  nearly 
ten  years,  and  was  one  of  the  most  un 
popular  ot  the  colonial  governors. 

HARVEY,  JONATHAN,  lawyer  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1780,  in  Merrimack 
county,  N.  H.  He  served  seven  years  in 
the  two  houses  of  the  state  legislature' 
was  president  of  the  senate  from  1817  to 

23;    and    was    a    state    counselor   from 
823  to  1825.    He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1825 
to  mi.     He  died  Aug.  23,  1850,  in  Sutton 


HARTZELL,  J.  HAZARD,  clergyman 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Penn- 
ylvania.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman 
of  Waverly,  N.  Y.,  but  prior  to  1881  a 
noted  clergyman  in  the  universalist  faith 
for  fourteen  years  a  pastor  in  Buffalo' 
He  was  the  author  of  Wanderings  on 
Parnassus,  a  collection  of  verse-  and  Ap 
plication  and  Achievement.  He  died  m 


HARTZELL,  WILLIAM,  lawyer  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1837  in' Stark 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  forty-fourth  congress 
rrom  Illinois;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 


HARVARD,  JOHN,  clergyman,  founder 
Harvard  college,  was  born  Sept  2  1608 
m  England.  At  his  death  he  left  a  leg 
acy  of  four  thousand  dollars  to  endow  a 
school  at  Cambridge,  and  is  thus  memor 
able  as  the  founder  of  the  university  of 
Harvard  college,  which  is  not  controlled 
by  any  religious  denomination.  He  died 
Sept.  14,  1638,  in  Cnarlestown,  Mass. 


HARVEY.  LOUIS  POWELL,  educator 
journalist,  governor,  was  born  July  22 
1820,  in  East  Haddajn,  Conn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  state  constitutional 
convention  of  Wisconsin;  was  in  the  state 
senate  from  1855  to  1857;  and  was  chosen 
secretary  of  state  soon  afterward  He 
was  elected  governor  of  Wisconsin  in 
1861.  He  died  April  19,  1862. 

HARVEY,  MATTHEW,  lawyer,  jurist 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  June  21 
1781,  in  Sutton,  N.  H.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire 
legislature,  and  speaker  of  the  house 
from  1818  to  1821.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1821  to  1825.  He  was  president  of 
the  state  senate  from  1825  to  1828-  and 
was  a  state  counselor  in  1828  He  was 
governor  of  the  state  in  1830;  and  in  1831 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court.  He  died  April  7,  1866.  in 
Concord,  N.  H. 

HARVEY,  PETER,  merchant,  state  leg 
islator,  author,  was  born  July  10,  1810  in 
Barnet,  Vt.  He  was  treasurer  of  the 
Rutland  railroad,  and  president  of  the 
Kilby  bank.  He  served  in  both  branches 
of  the  Massachusetts  legislature.  He  was 
the  author  of  Reminiscences  and  Anec 
dotes  of  Daniel  Webster.  He  died  June 
27,  1877,  in  Boston,  Mass 


458 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HARVEY,  WILLIAM  HOPE,  author, 
was  born  in  1851,  in  West  Virginia.  He 
is  a  writer  on  financial  topics  whose  the 
ories  regarding  unlimited  coinage  of  sil 
ver  have  been  popular  with  superficial 
thinkers.  He  is  the  author  of  Coin's  Fi 
nancial  School;  and  A  Tale  of  Two  Na 
tions,  a  financial  novel. 

HARVEY,  WILLIAM  JAMESON,  cap 
italist,  was  born  May  13,  1838,  in  Ply 
mouth,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  civil  war, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  adjutant.  He 
is  president  and  manager  of  the  Wilkes- 
barre  and  Kingston  Street  railway;  and 
president  of  the  Wyoming  Valley  Lace 
mills. 

HARVIE,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Scotland.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  continental  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1778  to  1779;  and  signed  the  articles 
of  confederation.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1807, 
in  Richmond,  Va. 

HARWARD,  THOMAS,  ship  builder, 
was  born  March  15,  1789,  in  Bowdoin- 
ham,  Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  militia,  and  brevetted  major  at  the 
•close  of  the  war  of  1812.  He  purchased 
the  large  Patterson  shipyard  and  docks 
•of  that  city,  which  are  historic  from  the 
fact  that  before  the  revolution  they  were 
known  as  the  king's  docks.  He  died 
Nov.  30,  1891,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  V. 

HARWOOD,  ANDREW  ALLEN,  naval 
•officer,  author,  was  born  in  1802,  in  Set 
tle,  Pa.  He  was  a  rear  admiral  in  the 
United  States  navy,  and  the  author  of 
Summary  Courts  Martial;  and  Law  and 
Practice  of  the  United  States  Navy  Courts 
Martial.  He  died  Aug.  28,  1884,  in  Marion, 
Mass. 

HARWOOD.  CHARLES  E..  manufac 
turer,  was  born  in  1851,  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.  He  attained  success  as  a  manufac 
turer  of  Lynn,  Mass.;  was  mayor  of  that 
city  in  1894;  and  received  the  election  to 
a  second  term. 

HARWOOD,  ELIHU  BURRETT,  artist, 
was  born  Nov.  26,  1855,  in  Charles  City, 
Iowa.  He  has  auained  prominence  as  a 
painter  of  portraits  and  figure  work,  and 
in  1893  organized  an  art  school  in  Minne 
apolis,  Minn. 

HARWOOD,  JuriN  EDMUND,  actor, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1771,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  an  English  actor  who  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1793,  and  pub 
lished  a  collection  of  poems  the  year  of 
his  death.  He  died  Sept.  21,  1809,  in  Ger- 
mantown,  Pa. 

HARWOOD,  WATSON  H.,  physician, 
surgeon,  genealogist,  was  born  June  18, 
1854,  in  Bangor,  N.  Y.  He  attended  the 
Normal  school  of 
Oswego;  and  in  1881 
graduated  from  the 
medical  department 
of  the  university  of 
Vermont.  He  at 
once  began  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profes 
sion  at  Chasm  Falls, 
N.  Y.,  and  has  at 
tained  prominence 
as  one  of  the  lead 
ing  physicians  of  his 
state.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  genealogical  Record  of  the  Har- 
wood  Families.  He  began  compiling  the 
record  of  his  family  a  quarter  of  a  cen 
tury  ago;  and  has  always  taken  great  In 
terest  in  historical  and  genealogical  stud 
ies.  He  has  been  prominently  identified 
with  the  prohibition  party;  and  takes  a 
leading  part  In  the  public  affairs  of  his 
Bounty  and  state. 

HARWOOD,  WILLIAM  S..  journalist, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1857,  in  Charles  City, 
Iowa.  For  three  years  he  was  on  the 
-editorial  staff  of  the  Chicago  Inter  Ocean. 


HASBROUCK,  ABRAHAM,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  assembly  from  Ulster  coun 
ty  in  1781  and  1782,  and  again  in  1811. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1813  to  1815;  and  was  a  state  senator  in 
1822. 

HASBROUCK,  ABRAHAM  BRUYN, 
lawyer,  college  president,  congressman, 
was  born  in  November,  1791,  in  Kingston, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  fom  New  York  from  1825  to  1827; 
and  was  president  of  Rutgers  college, 
which  office  he  resigned.  He  died  Feb. 
23,  1879,  in  Kingston,  N.  Y. 

HASBROUCK,  JOS1AH,  congressman, 
He  was  for  four  years  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that,  state  from 
1803  to  1805,  and  again  from  1817  to  1819. 

HASBROUCK,  LYDIA  SAYER,  physi 
cian,  dress  reformer,  was  born  Dec.  20, 
1827,  in  Warwick,  N.  Y.  She  received 
her  education  at  the  New  York  Central 
college;  and  at  the  Hygeia-Therapeutic 
college  of  New  York  city.  During  1856-64 
she  was  the  editor  and  publisher  of  The 
Sibyl,  a  woman's  rights  and  dress  re 
form  paper;  and  for  several  years  was 
associate  editor  of  the  Orange  County 
Press.  Subsequently  she  became  the  pro 
prietor  of  a  health  institution  in  Middle- 
town,  at  her  home  on  Sibyl  Ridge.  She 
was  one  of  the  first  women  elected  as  a 
member  of  the  board  of  education  in  the 
state  of  New  York.  Since  1849  she  has 
been  a  practical  dress  reformer;  and  also 
an  advocate  for  equal  political  rights  with 
men. 

HASCALL,  AUGUSTUS  P.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1851  to  1853. 

HASCALL,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1782,  in  Benning- 
ton,  Vt.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author  of  Bap 
tism;  Elements  of  Theology;  and  Analy 
sis  of  Divine  Revelation.  He  died  June 
28,  1852,  in  Hamilton,  N.  *. 

HASCALL,  MILO  SMITH,  soldier, 
banker,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1829,  in  Le  Roy, 
N.  Y.  In  1862  he  was  promoted  to  briga 
dier-general  in  the  seventeenth  Indiana 
volunteers.  Since  1865  he  has  been  a 
banker  of  Goshen,  Ind. 

HASELTINE,  JAMES  HENRY,  soldier, 
sculptor,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1833,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  After  the  close  of  the  civil 
war,  in  which  he  served  as  major  of  the 
sixth  Pennsylvania  cavalry,  he  went  to 
Europe  to  study  art.  He  has  lived  in 
Rome,  Paris  and  Nice.  His  works  include 
Happy  Youth;  America  Honoring  Her 
Fallen  Brave;  Love;  and  Ingratitude. 

HASELTINE,  WILLIAM  STANLEY, 
artist,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1835,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  national  academy  in  1861.  His  early 
works  include  Indian  Rock,  Nahant;  Cas 
tle  Rock,  Nahant;  and  a  Calm  Sea,  Men- 
tone. 

HASKELL,  ABRAHAM,  physician, 
was  born  Nov.  16,  1746,  in  Lancaster, 
Mass.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  Medical  society  soon  after  its 
establishment,  was  a  successful  practi 
tioner,  and  labored  faithfully  during  the 
spotted-fever  panic  in  Worcester  county. 
He  died  Dec.  13,  1834,  in  Ashby,  Mass. 

HASKELL,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1784,  in  Preston,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Burlington,  Vt.,  who  was  subsequently  a 
writer  in  Brooklyn.  He  was  the  author 
of  Gazetteer  of  the  United  States;  and 
Chronological  View  of  the  World.  He 
died  Aug.  9,  1848,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


HASKELL,  DANIEL  NOYES,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1818,  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.  He  wrote  constantly  for  the 
press,  and  in  1853  became  editor  of  the 
Boston  Transcript,  which  post  he  held 
until  his  death.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1874, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

HASKELL.  DUDLEY  C.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  March  23,  1842,  in 
Springfield,  Vt.  He  moved  to  Kansas  and 
served  as  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1872,  1875,  and  1876;  and 
the  last  term  as  speaker.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Kansas  to  the  for 
ty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh  and 
forty-eighth  congresses.  He  died  Dec.  16, 
1883,  in  Washington. 

HASKELL,  ELLA  L.  KNOWLES,  law 
yer,  was  born  July  31,  1862,  in  North- 
wood,  N.  H.  She  received  her  education 
at  the  Bates  college 
of  Lewiston,  Maine. 
Sne  has  attained 
prominence  as  a 
successful  lawyer  of 
Helena,  Mont.;  and 
served  with  distinc 
tion  as  assistant  at 
torney-general  of 
Montana  from  Jan 
uary,  1893,  to  Jan 
uary,  1897;  serving 
four  years  in  all.  In 
1896  she  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  populist  county,  state  and  na 
tional  conventions;  and  is  prominently 
identified  in  the  public  affairs  of  Montana. 
As  a  lawyer  she  ranks  high,  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  law  literature. 

HASKELL,  ELMER  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  2,  1861,  in  Chatham,  N.  ri. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Palatka,  Fla., 
and  in  1897  he  was  appointed  by  the  gov 
ernor  of  Florida  to  be  judge  of  the  crim 
inal  court  of  record  for  Putnam  county, 
Fla. 

HASKELL,  HARRIET  NEWELL,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1835,  in  Waldo- 
boro,  Maine.  She  attended  the  Castleton 
Classical  school,  Vt., 
and  graduated  from 
the  Mount  Holyoke 
college  in  1855.  She 
was  principal  of  the 
high  school  of  her 
native  city;  and  for 
six  years  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  Castle- 
ton  Classical  sem 
inary.  In  1867  she 
was  called  to  the 

principals-hip  of   the 

Monticello  seminary 

of  Godfrey,  111.,  which  is  the  oldest 
equipped  school  in  the  west  for  the  higher 
education  of  girls.  This  establishment  was 
totally  destroyed  by  fire  in  1888,  and  by 
her  efforts  was  rebuilt  in  thirteen  months 
more  complete  and  beautiful  than  before. 

HASKELL.  JAMES  RICHARDS,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1825,  in  Geneva, 
N.  Y.  In  1854  he  began  a  series  of  ex 
periments  with  steel  breech-loading  rifled 
cannon  and  breech-loading  small  arms, 
manufacturing  twenty-five  of  the  former, 
which  were  purchased  by  the  Mexican 
government,  and  were  the  first  of  the  de 
scription  that  were  made  in  the  United 
States. 

HASKELL.  LLEWELLYN  FROST,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1842.  He  enlisted 
in  the  fourteenth  New  York  regiment, 
rose  to  the  rank  of  captain,  and  at  the 
close  of  the  war  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers.  He  then  became 
associated  with  his  father  in  the  develop 
ment  of  Llewellyn  park,  but  in  1877  re 
moved  to  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


459 


HASKELL,  LLEWELLYN  SOLOMON, 
merchant,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1815,  in  Glou 
cester,  Maine.  In  1857  he  began  to  lay 
out  Llewellyn  park,  and  about  1859  re 
tired  from  business  to  give  his  whole  time 
to  its  improvement.  He  died  May  31, 
1872,  in  Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 

HASKELL,  THOMAS  NELSON,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  in 
Chautauqua  county,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Boys  in  Blue;  Konkaput; 
the  King  of  the  Utes,  a  fascinating  poem 
of  remarkable  merit.  He  is  the  state 
librarian  of  Colorado,  and  fills  the  posi 
tion  of  chaplain  of  the  senate. 

HASKELL,  ULYSSES  G.,  lawyer,  gen 
ealogist,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1863,  in  Chat 
ham,  N.  H.  He  has  served  as  examiner 
United  States  pension  bureau,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Beverly  common  council.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  Genealogy  on  the  Has- 
kell  Family. 

HASKELL,  WILLIAM  T.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  in  Tennessee. 
He  was  colonel  of  a  regiment  of  Tennes 
see  volunteers  in  the  war  with  Mexico, 
and  distinguished  himself  at  Medelin  and 
at  Cerro  Gordo.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Tennessee  from 
1847  to  1849;  and  presidential  elector  in 
1852.  He  died  March  20,  1859,  in  Hopkins- 
ville,  Tenn. 

HASKIN,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1821,  in  Fordham, 
N.  Y.  He  held  several  important  city 
offices  from  1846  to  1856;  and  was  then 
elected  a  representative  in  the  thirty-fifth 
congress  from  New  York,  and  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

HASKIN,  JOSEPH  A.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1817,  in  New  York.  He  served  in  the 
civil  war  and  was  promoted  to  be  major 
in  1862,  and  brevet  colonel  and  brevet 
brigadier-general  in  1865.  He  was  retired 
from  active  service  in  1872.  He  died  Aug. 
3,  1874,  in  Oswego,  N.  Y. 

HASKIN,  NELSON,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1849,  in  Can 
ada.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Bartholomew 
Haskin,  who  arrived 
__^^^^^^^^  in  Boston  harbor 

rl  from  England  in 
1635,  and  settled  in 
Elizabeth  City.  He 
moved  to  Michigan 
in  1871,  and  has  at 
tained  success  as 
one  of  the  foremost 
merchants  of  Lapeer 
county,  at  Imlay 
City.  For  two  terms 
he  was  village  presi 
dent;  has  filled  nu 
merous  public  offices  of  trust;  is  a  promi 
nent  mover  in  various  fraternal  orders; 
and  during  1887-88  served  with  distinction 
as  a  representative  in  the  Michigan  state 
legislature. 

HASKINS,  CHAHLES  N.,  educator, 
was  born  Aug.  16,  1857,  in  Huntington, 
Ohio.  In  1881  he  entered  the  Ohio 
Institute  for  the  Deaf  as  a  teacher, 
where  he  continued  for  thirteen  years. 
In  1893  he  became  connected  with  the 
deaf  department  of  the  Chicago  city 
schools.  For  two  years  he  edited  and 
published  a  patriotic  magazine  known  as 
The  Washingtonian.  He  subsequently  or 
ganized  the  Co-operative  College  of  Cit 
izenship,  which  now  has  a  faculty  of  fifty 
members  in  twelve  departments,  intended 
to  cover  the  whole  field  of  sociology. 

HASKINS,  DAVID  GREENE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1818,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  and  educator  of  Cambridge.  He 
was  the  author  of  Selections  from  the 
Old  and  New  Testament  for  Use  in  Fam 


ilies  and  Schools;  French  and  English 
First  Book;  and  Maternal  Ancestors  of 
Ralph  Waldo  Emerson. 

HASLETT,  JOHN,  soldier,  physician, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  Ireland.  He 
was  repeatedly  in  the  state  assembly  of 
Delaware.  He  served  during  the  revolu 
tionary  war,  and  was  in  the  actions  of 
Long  Island  and  White  Plains.  He  died 
Jan.  3,  1777.  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

HASLETT,  JOHN,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  in  December,  1799,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  entered  the  United  States 
navy  as  a  surgeon  in  1822,  and  continued 
in  service,  reaching  the  rank  of  fleet-sur 
geon,  until  1841,  when  he  resigned.  On 
the  establishment  of  the  Brooklyn  city 
hospital  Dr.  Haslett  became  its  vice- 
president,  and  practically  its  head;  and 
in  1853  its  president.  He  died  Sept.  28, 
1878,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HASLETT,  JOSEPH,  governor,  was 
born  in  Delaware.  He  was  governor  of 
Delaware  from  1811  to  I&i4,  and  again 
in  1823  and  1824.  He  died  in  July,  1824. 

HASSARD,  JOHN  ROSE  GREENE, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1836, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  New  York 
journalist,  who  was  a  literary  critic  -on 
the  staff  of  the  Tribune,  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  King  of  the  Nibelung;  School 
History  of  the  United  States;  Life  of 
Archbishop  Hughes;  The  Life  of  Pope 
Pius  Ninth;  and  A  Pickwickian  Pilgrim 
age.  He  died  April  18,  1888,  in  New  York 
city. 

HASSARD,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  Jan.  21,  1806,  in  Jamaica,  W.  I. 
He  was  largely  instrumental  in  promot 
ing  the  growth  of  the  protestant  episco 
pal  church  in  New  Kngland.  A  volume  of 
his  sermons  was  published  after  his 
death,  with  a  memoir  by  Henry  W.  Lee. 
He  died  Jan.  13,  1847,  in  Great  Barring- 
ton,  Mass. 

HASSAUREK,  FRIEDRICH,  lawyer, 
journalist,  diplomat,  author,  was  born  in 
1832.  He  was  a  journalist  and  lawyer  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  in  1861-66  was  min 
ister  resident  to  Ecuador.  He  was  the 
author  of  Four  Years  Among  the  Span 
ish-Americans;  and  The  Secret  of  the 
Andes.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1885,  in  Paris, 
France. 

HASSELQUIST,  TOOVAY  NELSSON, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
March  2,  1816,  in  Sweden.  He  was  called 
in  1863  to  the  presidency  of  the  Swedish 
seminary  at  Paxton,  which  was  removed 
in  1875  to  Rock  Island,  111.,  under  the  title 
of  Augustana  college  and  theological 
seminary.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Scandinavian  Augustana  synod  and 
its  presiding  officer  in  1860-70. 

HASSLER,  FERDINAND  RUDOLPH, 
civil  engineer,  surveyor,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  6,  1770,  in  Switzerland.  Hewasa  noted 
surveyor  in  the  government  service  who 
published  System  of  the  Universe  and  a 
series  of  works  on  astronomy,  arithmetic, 
geometry,  and  trigonometry.  He  died 
Nov.  20,  1843,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HASTINGS,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  March  13,  1807,  in 
Clinton,  N.  Y.  He  was  district  attorney 
for  Oneida  county  nine  years;  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1853  to  1855;  and  late  in  the  latter 
year  was  elected  judge  for  Livingston 
county,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death.  He  died  Aug.  29,  1866,  in  Mount 
Morris,  N.  Y. 

HASTINGS,  GEORGE  H.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1848,  in 
Marengo,  111.  He  has  been  judge  of  Saline 
county,  Neb.;  representative  of  the  Ne 
braska  state  legislature;  and  in  1890-94 
was  attorney-general  of  that  p*ate. 


HASTINGS,  HOLMAN  K.,  clergyman, 
state  legislator,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  15, 
1853,  in  Bristol,  N.  H.  In  1875  he  entered 
the  Vermont  confer 
ence  and  served  pas 
torates  at  Guilford, 
Bondville,  T  u  n- 
bridge  and  Hancock, 
Vt.  He  was  super 
intendent  of  schools 
for  two  years,  and 
in  1882  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the 
Vermont  legislature. 
In  1886  he  was  trans 
ferred  from  the  Ver 
mont  conference  to 
northwest  Iowa,  where  he  is  one  of  the 
most  noted  clergyman  of  his  denomina 
tion. 

HASTINGS,  HORACE  LORENZO, 
evangelist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Nov. 
26,  1833,  in  Blandford,  Mass.  He  is  the 
great  anti-infidel 
lecturer;  has 
preached  since  1849; 
and  since  1866  has 
published  The  Chris 
tian,  which  has  had 
a  combined  issue  of 
three  million  copies, 
and  published  in  a 
dozen  languages.  He 
has  written  hun 
dreds  of  hymns; 
compiled  a  hymn 
book;  and  issued 
scores  of  religious  books  and  pamphlets. 
He  is  best  known  as  the  author  of  Shall 
We  Meet  Beyond  the  River.  His  other 
works  are  Signs  of  the  Times;  Reasons 
for  My  Hope;  Thessalonica;  and  Athe 
ism  and  Arithmetic. 

HASTINGS,  HUGH  J..  journalist,  was 
born  Aug.  20,  1820,  in  Ireland.  He  was 
appointed  by  President  Taylor  collector 
of  the  port  of  Albany.  He  assumed  the 
editorship  of  the  New  York  Commercial 
Advertiser  in  1<468,  and  in  1875  became 
its  proprietor.  He  died  Sept.  12,  1883,  in 
Monmouth  Reach,  N.  J. 

HASTINGS,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1839  to  1843.  He  died  Dec.  29, 
1854,  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

HASTINGS,  SAMUEL  CLINTON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Iowa  from  1846 
to  1847;  and  was  at  one  time  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Iowa.  He  subse 
quently  practiced  law  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

HASTINGS,  SETH,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1760.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1801  to  1807;  and  after  his 
service  in  congress  was  elected  a  state 
senator  in  1810  and  1814.  He  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  ses 
sions.  He  died  in  1831,  in  Mendon,  Mass. 

HASTINGS,  T.  NELSON,  state  senator, 
was  born  May  23,  1858,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  In  1897  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  New  Hampshire  state  senate  from 
\valpole. 

HASTINGS,  THOMAS,  composer,  was 
born  Oct.  15,  1784,  in  Washington,  Conn. 
His  publications  comprise  nearly  fifty 
separate  volumes;  and  he  left  over  six 
hundred  hymns  in  manuscript.  He  died 
May  15,  1872,  in  New  York  city. 

HASTINGS,  THOMAS  S.,  clergyman, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  Aug. 
28,  1827,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  In  1881  he  was 
professor  of  sacred  rhetoric  in  the  Union 
Theological  seminary;  of  which  institu 
tion  he  has  been  president  since  1887. 


460 


HERR1XGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HASTINGS,  WILLIAM  SODEN,  state 
senator,  congressman.  He  was  frequently 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  Massachu 
setts;  and  was  in  the  senate  from  1829 
to  1834.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1837  to  1842. 
He  died  June  17,  1842,  in  Sulphur  Springs, 
Va. 

HASWELL,  CHARLES  HAYNES,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  horn  May  22,  1809, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  civil  engi 
neer  of  much  prominence,  and  the  author 
of  Mechanics'  and  Engineers'  Pocket 
Book;  Mechanics'  Tables;  Mensuration 
and  Practical  Geometry;  Bookkeeping; 
History  of  the  Steam  Roller;  and  Remi 
niscences  of  New  York  from  1816  to  1855. 

HATCH,  EDWARD,  soldier,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1832,  in  Bangor.  Maine.  In  1864 
he  was  brevetted  major-general  of  vol 
unteers;  and  three  years  later  was  pro 
moted  to  the  same  rank  in  the  United 
States  army.  He  subsequently  served  in 
the  Indian  wars.  He  died  April  11,  1890, 
in  Fort  Robinson,  Neb. 

HATCH,  HERSCHEL  HARRISON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
17,  1837,  in  Morrisville,  N.  Y.  In  1863  ne 
removed  to  Bay  City,  Mich.;  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  first  board  of  aldermen 
of  Bay  City  in  1865;  and  elected  judge  of 
prooate  in  18o8.  He  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  com 
mission  in  1872,  and  of  the  state  tax  com 
mission  in  1881;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Michigan  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  as  a  republican. 

HATCH,  ISRAEL  THOMPSON,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1808,  in  Owasco, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly 
of  that  state  in  1852;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 
In  1859  he  was  appointed  to  examine  and 
report  upon  the  working  of  the  reciproc 
ity  treaty;  and  a  few  weeks  later  was 
appointed  postmaster  at  Buffalo.  He  died 
Sept.  24,  1875,  in  Buffalo. 

HATCH,  JETHRO,  A.,  surgeon,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  18,  1&37,  in 
Chenango  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  com 
missioned  assistant  surgeon  of  the  thirty- 
sixth  Illinois  volunteer  infantry  in  1862; 
and  was  afterward  promoted  to  surgeon 
of  the  same  regiment.  In  1872  and  1873 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana  house 
of  representatives;  and  in  1888  was  an 
alternate  delegate  to  the  national  re 
publican  convention.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

HATCH,  REUBEN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Oct.  11,  1847,  in  Alstead.  N.  H.  In 
1875  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  thirteenth 
judicial  circuit.  Since  1888  he  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.,  where  he  has  attained  note  as  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  that  state. 

HATCH,  RILEY  BURNHAM,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1832,  in  Wil- 
liamstown,  Vt.  He  was  fitted  for  college 
at  the  New  Salem 
academy  of  Massa 
chusetts,  at  Sax- 
ton's  River,  Vt.; 
and  graduated  from 
the  Middlebury  col 
lege  of  Vermont 
with  honors  in  the 
class  of  1857.  Dur 
ing  1868-69  he  was  a 
member  of  the  state 
legislature  of  New 
Hampshire;  and  he 
again  served  with 
distinction  as  a 

member  of  that  body  in  1893.  In  1889  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  New  Hamp 
shire  constitutional  convention.  He  is 


one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  New  Eng 
land;  is  connected  with  various  banking 
institutions;  and  has  contributed  quite 
extensively  to  periodical  literature. 

HATCH,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  11, 
1833,  in  Scott  county,  Ky.  He  moved  to 
Missouri;  and  was  elected  circuit  attor 
ney  of  the  sixteenth  judicial  circuit  in 
1858,  ana  re-elected  in  1860.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army  as  captain  and 
assistant  adjutant-general  during  the 
war  of  the  rebellion.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Missouri  to  the  for 
ty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  for 
ty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HATCHER,  ROBERT  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1819,  in 
Buckingham  county,  Va.  He  was  for  six 
years  circuit  attorney  of  the  tenth  judi 
cial  circuit  of  Missouri;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature  in  1850  and 
1851.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
vention  in  1862,  and  of  the  confederate 
congress  in  1864.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third,  forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth 
congresses.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1886,  in 
Charleston,  Mo. 

HATFIELD,  EDWIN  FRANCIS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1807.  in 
Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  He  was  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman  of  St.  Louis,  and  subse 
quently  of  New  Vork  city.  He  was  the 
author  of  Universalism  As  It  Is;  History 
of  Elizabeth,  New  Jersey;  St.  Helena  and 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope;  and  The  Poets  of 
the  Church.  He  died  Sept.  22,  1883,  in 
Summit,  N.  J. 

HATHAWAY,  BENJAMIN,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  30,  1822,  in  Cayuga  county,  N. 
Y.  He  is  a  poet  who  was  for  many  years 
a  nurseryman  and 
farmer.  He  is  the 
author  of  Art  Life 
and  Other  Poems; 
The  League  of  the 
Iroquois;  and  The 
Finished  Creation, 
and  Other  Poems. 
His  poems  have  ap 
peared  in  Poets  of 
America  and  other 
standard  collections. 
He  is  also  a  constant 
contributor  to  the 
periodical  press. 

HATHAWAY,  HORATIO,  merchant, 
was  born  May  19,  1831,  in  New  Bedford, 
Mass.  He  is  president  of  the  Hathaway 
Manufacturing  company,  a  large  cotton 
mill,  employing  100,000  spindles  and  1,000 
operatives. 

HATHAWAY,  JOSHUA  WARREN, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1797  in  New 
Brunswick,  Maine.  In  1849  he  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the  district 
court  for  the  state;  and  in  1852  he  was 
made  a  justice  of  the  supreme  judicial 
court  of  Maine  for  seven  years.  He  died 
in  1862. 

HATHAWAY,  SAMUEL  GILBERT, 
soldier,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  July  18,  1780,  in  Freetown,  Mass. 
He  was,  for  eight  years,  a  justice  of  the 
peace;  in  1814  and  1818  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature;  and  in  1822  to  the  state 
senate.  He  was  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  twenty-third  congress; 
and  in  1852  was  a  presidential  elector. 
He  died  May  2,  1867,  in  Solon,  N.  Y. 

HATHAWAY,  WARREN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1828,  in  Ballston  Spa, 
N.  Y.  For  the  past  thirty-three  years  he 
has  been  pastor  of  the  Blooming  Grove 
congregational  church;  and  is  the  author 
of  Questions  of  Nature  and  Grace;  The 
Life  of  John  Ross;  and  various  pam 
phlets  and  articles. 


HATHORN,  HENRY  H.,  congressman., 
was  born  Nov.  28,  1813,  in  Greenfield,  N. 
Y.  He  was  supervisor  for  Saratoga  four 
years;  and  was  elected  sheriff  of  the  coun 
ty  in  1853  and  1862,  serving  six  years.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress 
from  New  York;  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

HATHORN,  JOHN,  state  senator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  of  New  York  in  1787;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1789  to  1791,  and  again  from 
1795  to  1797.  He  was  again  elected  to  the 
state  senate  in  1804;  and  during  the  lat 
ter  year  was  a  presidential  elector. 

HATHORN,  RANSOM  E.,  soldier,  man 
ufacturer,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov. 
3.  1843,  in  Londonderry,  Vt.  He  served 
for  three  years  in  the  union  army  as  a 
soldier  in  company  G,  eleventh  Vermont 
volunteers,  and  was  wounded  in  1865.  He 
has  been  aide-de-camp  on  the  staff  of 
Governor  Ormsby.  For  fifteen  years  he 
has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace;  and  in 
1896  was  elected  a  state  senator. 

HATHORNE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  in  August,  1641, 
in  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  assembly  in  1683,  assistant 
or  councilor  in  1684-1712,  excepting  dur 
ing  Sir  Edmund  Andros's  administration; 
and  was  active  in  the  witchcraft  prose 
cutions.  He  served  in  the  Indian  and 
eastern  wars  as  colonel,  and  was  com 
mander  of  the  forces  in  the  expedition  of 
1696.  He  died  May  10,  1717,  in  Boston. 
Mass. 

HATTON,  FRANK,  soldier,  journalist, 
postmaster-general,  was  born  April  28, 
1846,  in  Cambridge,  Ohio.  In  1863  he  en 
listed  in  ihe  union  army;  and  in  1864  was 
commissioned  a  first  lieutenant.  In  1874 
he  removed  to  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  pur 
chased  a  controlling  interest  in  the  Bur 
lington  Hawkeye,  and  there  gained  a  na 
tional  reputation  as  a  political  writer.  He 
was  appointed  postmaster  at  Burlington; 
in  1881  was  appointed  first  assistant  post 
master-general;  and  in  1884  postmaster- 
general. 

HATTON.  ROBERT,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1827,  in  Sum- 
ner  county,  Tenn.  He  served  in  the  Ten 
nessee  legislature  in  1856;  and  in  1859- 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Tennes 
see  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He  served 
in  the  rebellion  of  j861,  and  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  before  Richmond, 
May  31,  1862. 

HAUGEN,  NILE  P.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  9,  1849,  in  Nor 
way.  He  was  a  stenographic  court  re 
porter  from  1874  till  1881.  in  Wisconsin: 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  in  1879  and 
1880.  He  was  state  railroad  commission 
er  from  1882  till  1887;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fif 
ty-third  congresses  as  a  republican. 

HAUGHEY,  THOMAS,  surgeon,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1826.  in  Scotland. 
He  served  as  a  surgeon  in  the  army  of  the 
United  States  from  1862  to  1865;  and  was 
subsequently  staff  surgeon  in  the  mili 
tary  hospital  at  Chattanooga.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ala 
bama  to  the  fortieth  congress. 

HAUGHTON,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  May  5,  1829,  in  Canada. 
For  thirty-five  years  he  has  been  a  suc 
cessful  clergyman  of  Wisconsin,  and  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  contain 
ing  three  hundred  of  his  choicest  pieces. 

HAUK.  MINNIE,  actress,  vocalist,  was 
born  Nov.  16,  1852,  in  New  York  city.  At 
the  age  of  eight  years  she  sang  solos  in 
the  New  York  cathedral;  and  at  thirteen 
appeared  at  a  charity  concert. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


461 


HAUN,  HENRY  P.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  18, 
1815,  in  Scott  county,  Ky.  He  was  for  a 
time  attorney  for  his  native  county.  He 
moved  to  Iowa  in  1845;  and  was  a  member 
of  the  convention  which  formed  the  con 
stitution  of  that  state  in  1846.  He  moved 
to  California  in  1850.  and  was  there  elect 
ed  a  county  judge;  and  in  1859  was  elect 
ed  a  senator  in  congress  from  California 
to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  May  6,  1860,  in 
Marysville,  Cal. 

HAUPT,  HERMAN,  civil  engineer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Marco  26,  1817,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  an  engineer  of  dis 
tinction  who  has  held  many  important 
posts,  and  is  the  inventor  of  a  drilling 
engine.  He  had  charge  of  the  military 
railroads  during  the  civil  war.  Since  1875 
the  chief  engineer  of  the  Tide  Water 
Pipe  Line  company.  He  is  the  author  of 
Hints  on  Bridge  Building;  General  Theo 
ry  of  Bridge  Construction;  Plan  for  Im 
provement  of  the  Ohio  River;  Military 
Bridges;  and  Street  Railway  Motors. 

HAUPT,  LEWIS  MUHLENBERG,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  21,  1844,  in  Gettys 
burg,  Pa.  He  is  an  engineer  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  since  1872  has  been  professor 
of  civil  engineering  in  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  the  author  of  En 
gineering  Specifications  and  Contracts; 
Working  Drawings  and  How  to  Make 
Them;  The  Topographer:  his  Methods 
and  Instruments;  and  Essays  on  Road 
Making. 

HAUPT,  PAUL,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  25,  1858,  in  Germany.  He  be 
came  professor  of  the  Semitic  languages 
in  Johns  Hopkins  university,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  in  the  latter  year.  He  introduced 
the  principle  of  the  neo-grammarians 
into  Semitic  philology,  and  discovered  the 
Sumerian  dialect  in  1880.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  several  works  in  German. 

HAVELAND,  LAURA  SMITH,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1808,  in  Can 
ada.  She  was  instrumental  in  founding 
philanthropic  institutes  and  asylums, 
and  during  the  civil  war  was  a  minister 
of  aid  and  comfort  to  the  suffering  in 
hospitals  and  camps. 

HAVEMEYER.  HENRY,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  June  25,  1838,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  at  one  time  president  of  the 
Long  Island  railway,  and  built  the  iron 
pier  at  Rockaway.  He  died  June  2,  1886, 
near  Babylon,  N.  Y. 

HAVEN,  MRS.  ALICE  (BRADLEY) 
<NEAL),  author,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1828, 
in  Hudson,  N.  Y.  She  was  a  writer  of 
juvenile  tales  which  were  very  popular. 
Her  later  years  were  spent  in  New  York 
city,  but  she  formerly  lived  in  Philadel 
phia,  her  first  husband  being  .1.  C. 
Neal.  She  is  the  author  of  No  Such 
Word  as  Fail;  Contentment  Better  than 
Wealth;  and  Patient  Waiting  No  Loss. 
She  died  Aug.  23,  1863,  in  Mamaroneck, 
N.  Y. 

HAVEN,  ERASTUS  OTIS,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1820,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  methodist  bishop,  chan 
cellor  of  Syracuse  university;  and  from 
1863-69  president  of  the  university  of 
Michigan.  He  was  the  author  of  Pillars 
of  Truth;  Young  Man  Advised;  Rhetoric; 
and  American  Progress.  He  died  in  Au 
gust,  1881,  in  Salem,  Ore. 

HA  V  EN,  GILBERT,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  19,  1821,  in  Maiden,  Mass.  He 
was  a  methodist  bishop  whose  official  resi 
dence  was  in  Atlanta,  and  was  the  author 
of  National  Sermons:  The  Pilgrim's  Wal 
let;  Our  Next-Door  Neighbor,  or  Mexico 
of  To-Day;  Life  of  Father  Taylor,  the 
Sailor  Preacher;  and  Christus  Consolator. 
He  died  Jan.  30,  1880,  in  Maiden,  Mass. 


HAVEN,  JOHN,  state  senator,  was  born 
April  12,  1824,  in  Braddock's  Field,  Pa. 
In  186»  he  was  elected  to  the  Indrana  state 
senate. 

HAVEN,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  4,  1816,  in  Dennis.  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman,  and 
a  professor  in  the  Chicago  Theological 
seminary  in  1858-70.  He  was  the  author 
of  Mental  Philosophy;  Moral  Philosophy; 
History  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Philoso 
phy;  Studies  in  Philosophy  and  Theology; 
and  Systematic  Theology.  He  died  May 
23,  1874,  in  Chicago,  111. 

HAVEN,  NATHANIEL  A.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1762,  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
that  state  from  1809  to  1811.  He  died  in 
March,  1831. 

HAVEN,  NATHANIEL  APPLETON, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1790,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  From  1821  till  1825 
he  edited  the  Portsmouth  Journal.  He 
also  wrote  several  poems  and  contributed 
to  the  North  American  Review.  A  volume 
of  his  writings  was  published,  with  a  me 
moir,  by  George  Ticknor.  He  died  June 
3,  1826,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

HAVEN,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  15,  1727,  in  Framingham, 
Mass.  In  1752  he  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Congregational  church  in  Portsmouth,  N. 
H.,  which  charge  he  held  until  1806. 
Among  his  printed  sermons  are  on  the 
Death  of  George  II.;  on  the  Restoration 
of  Peace;  The  Dutileian  Lecture. 

HAVEN,  SAMUEL  FOSTER,  archaeol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  May  28,  1806,  in 
Dedham,  Mass.  He  was  an  archaeologist 
who  was  librarian  of  the  American  Anti 
quarian  society  at  Worcester,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Archaeology  of  the  United  States; 
and  History  of  the  Grants  Under  the 
Great  Council  for  New  England.  He  died 
Sept.  5,  1881,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

HAVEN,  SOLOMON  GEORGE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1810,  in 
Chenango  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1851  to  1857.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1861,  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

HAVENS,  HARRISON  E.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  15, 
1837,  in  Franklin  county,  Ohio.  He  served 
for  a  short  time  as  captain  in  the  army. 
He  was  elected  from  Missouri  to  the  for 
ty-second  and  forty-third  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

HAVENS,  JAMES,  clergyman,  was 
born  Dec.  25,  1763,  in  Mason  county,  Ky. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  methodism 
in  the  northwest,  especially  in  Indiana, 
where  the  last  forty  years  of  his  life  were 
spent.  He  died  in  November,  1864,  in  In 
diana. 

HAVENS,  JONATHAN  N.,  congress 
man.  He  was  for  nine  years  a  member  of 
the  New  York  assembly  from  Suffolk 
county;  and  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1795  to  1799.  He  died  in  1799. 

HAVENS,  RUTH  G.  D.,  educator,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1845,  in  Mad 
ison,  Conn.  She  is  a  life-long  abolition 
ist  and  supporter  of  the  doctrine  of  the 
equality  of  races  and  sexes,  and  in  wom 
an  suffrage.  She  is  the  author  of  several 
stories,  sketches,  and  numerous  poems. 

HAVERMANS.  PETER,  catholic  priest, 
was  born  March  27,  1806,  near  the  city  of 
Breda.  In  1830  he  was  ordained  to  the 
priesthood;  filled  various  pastorates  in 
Maryland;  and  became  pastor  of  St.  Ma 
ry's  church  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  where  he  died 
July  22,  1897. 

HAWES,  ALBERT  G.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1831  to  1837.  He  died 
April  14,  1849,  in  Davis  county,  Ky. 


HAWES,  AYLETT,  physician,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Virginia  from  1811  to  1817. 
He  died  Aug.  31,  i833,  in  Culpeper  coun 
ty,  Va. 

HAWES,  JESSE,  physician,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1843,  in  Corin- 
na,  Maine.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Corinna  academy,  the  high  school  of 
Belvidere,  111.,  and  the  Illinois  Soldiers' 
college.  He  was  a  successful  physician  and 
president  of  the  Colorado  board  of  medi 
cal  examiners;  and  trustee  of  the  Colo 
rado  state  normal  school.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  historical  work  entitled  Ca- 
hoba. 

HAWES,  JOEL,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  22,  1789,  in  Medway,  Mass.  He 
was  a  prominent  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Hartford  in  1818-67;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Lectures  to  Young  Men;  The  Re 
ligion  of  the  East;  Looking-Glass  for  La 
dies;  Washington  and  Jay;  Experimental 
and  Practical  Sermons;  Tribute  to  the 
Pilgrims;  and  Character  Everything  to 
the  Young.  He  died  June  5,  1867,  in 
Gilead,  Conn. 

HAWES,  JOSIAH  L.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Oct.  12,  1823,  in  Carlisle,  N.  Y.  Dur 
ing  1847-49  he  practiced  law  in  Unadilla, 
then  in  Cobleskill  till  1852.  From  that 
time  he  distinguished  himself  as  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers  of  Kalamazoo,  Mich., 
not  only  as  trial  counsel  in  cases  in  the 
circuit  court,  but  also  in  the  state  and 
federal  courts.  In  1875  he  was  elected 
circuit  judge,  and  served  the  state  for 
many  years  with  distinction  in  that  capa 
city. 

HAWES,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  6, 
1797,  in  Caroline  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  legislature  in 
1828,  1829  and  1836,  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Kentucky  from  1837 
to  1841.  He  died  May  25,  1877,  in  Bourbon 
county,  Ky. 

HAWES,  WILLIAM  POST,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1803,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city, 
and  the  author  of  Sporting  Scenes  and 
Sundry  Sketches,  published,  with  Memoir, 
by  H.  W.  Herbert.  He  died  in  1842. 

HAWK,  ROBERT  M.  A.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  23,  1839,  in 
Hancock  county,  Ind.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  union  army  during  the  war 
of  the  rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
major.  He  was  clerk  of  the  county  court 
of  Carroll  county,  111.,  from  1865  to  1879, 
by  successive  elections,  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses.  He 
died  June  29,  1882. 

HAWKES,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1811  to  1823. 

HAWKINS,  ALVIN,  lawyer,  jurist,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1821,  in  Bath 
county,  Ky.  He  was  made  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  state  of  Tennessee 
in  1865,  and  in  1881  was  elected  governor 
of  Tennessee,  serving  until  1883. 

HAWKINS,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  15,  1754,  in  Warren  county, 
N.  C.  During  1781-84  and  1786-87  he  was  a 
delegate  in  congress,  and  served  during 
1789-95  as  a  United  States  senator  from 
North  Carolina.  He  was  then  appointed 
agent  for  superintending  of  all  the  In 
dians  south  of  the  Ohio,  retaining  that 
office  from  1796  until  his  death.  He  was 
the  author  of  Topography;  and  Indian 
Character.  He  died  June  6,  1816,  in  Haw- 
kinsville,  Ga. 


462 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HAWKINS,  BENJAMIN  WATER- 
HOUSE,  anatomist,  author,  was  born  in 
1807  in  England.  He  was  an  English  an 
atomist  who  removed  to  the  United  States 
in  1868,  and  the  author  of  Popular  Com 
parative  Anatomy;  Elements  of  Form; 
Comparative  View  of  the  Human  and  Ani 
mal  Frame;  Artistic  Anatomy  of  the 
Horse;  Artistic  Anatomy  of  Cattle 
and  Sheep;  Artistic  Anatomy  of  the  Dog 
and  Deer;  and  Atlas  of  Comparative  Os 
teology.  He  died  in  1889. 

HAWKINS,  CHARLES  A.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1859,  in  York 
county,  Pa.  During  1887-92  he  was  so 
licitor  of  city  of  York,  Pa.,  and  in  1895 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
house  of  representatives. 

HAWKINS,  DEXTER  ARNOLD,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  June  23,  1825,  in 
Camden,  Maine.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New 
York  city,  an  advocate  of  protection  and 
similar  political  measures,  and  the  author 
of  Traditions  of  Overlook  Mountain;  Free 
Trade  and  Protection;  and  The  Roman 
Catholic  Church  in  New  York  City.  He 
died  July  24,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

HAWKINS,  GEORGE  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  to  the  thirty-fifth  and 
thirty-sixth  congresses  from  Florida.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  select  commit 
tee  of  thirty-three  on  the  rebellious  states; 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
national  union  convention  of  1866. 

HAWKINS,  ISAAC  R.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  16.  1818,  in 
Maury  county,  Tenn.  He  served  as  a  lieu 
tenant  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  was 
present  at  the  capture  of  Vera  Cruz. 
From  1862  to  1865  he  served  as  an  offi 
cer  in  the  union  army.  In  1865  he  was 
commissioned  chancellor  for  the  sixth  div 
ision  of  Tennessee,  and  in  that  year  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Tennessee 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

HAWKINS,  JOHN  HENRY  WILLIS, 
reformer,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1799,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  lectured  with  success  in 
the  temperance  cause  in  every  state  in 
the  Union  except  California,  also  con 
tributing  constantly  to  the  temperance 
press.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1858,  in  Parkers- 
burg,  Pa. 

HAWKINS,  JOHN  P.,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1830.  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war  he  was  brigade  quartermaster  in  the 
defences  of  Washington,  D.  C.  For  his 
services  in  the  war  he  was  successively 
given  the  brevets  of  lieutenant-colonel, 
colonel,  brigadier-general,  and  major-gen 
eral  In  the  United  States  army;  and  also 
major-general  of  volunteers. 

HAWKINS,  JOSEPH,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1829  to  1851. 

HAWKINS,  JOSEPH  H.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  legis 
lature  from  1810  to  1813,  and  speaker  of 
that  body  in  1812  and  1813.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state  in 
1814  and  1815. 

HAWKINS,  MICAJAH  THOMAS,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1790  in  Warren 
county,  N.  C.  He  entered  public  life  in 
1819  as  a  member  of  the  house  of  com 
mons  of  North  Carolina;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate  from  1823  to  1827. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1831  to  1841,  and 
served  again  in  the  state  senate  in  1846. 
He  was  also  at  one  time  a  general  of 
militia.  He  died  Dec.  22,  1858,  in  Warren 
county,  N.  C. 


HAWKINS,  PHILEMON,  soldier,  states 
man,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1717,  in  Glouces 
ter  county,  Va.  He  raised  the  first  vol 
unteer  company  in  Bute  county  for  the 
revolutionary  army,  and  was  elected  its 
colonel  in  1776.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  that  ratified  the  national  con 
stitution,  and  was  the  last  surviving  sign 
er  of  the  state  constitution  of  North  Caro 
lina.  He  died  in  1801  in  Warren  county, 
N.  C. 

HAWKINS,  PHILEMON,  soldier,  states 
man,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1752,  in  North  Caro 
lina.  He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly 
from  Bute  county  before  he  was  of  age, 
and  represented  the  counties  of  Bute  and 
Granville  for  thirteen  years.  In  1776  he 
was  elected  colonel  of  a  regiment,  and  in 
that  capacity  performed  much  service. 
He  was  the  last  surviving  signer  of  the 
state  constitution  of  North  Carolina.  In 
1776  he  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
which  ratified  the  United  States  consti 
tution.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1833,  in  Warren 
county,  N.  C. 

HAWKINS,  RUSH  CHRISTOPHER, 
soldier,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
14,  1831,  in  Pomfret,  Vt.  He  is  a  New 
York  city  lawyer  who  served  as  a  col 
onel  in  the  federal  army  during  the  civil 
war,  and  has  since  been  a  prominent  ad 
vocate  of  political  reforms.  He  has  pub 
lished  The  First  Books  and  Printers  of  the 
Fifteenth  Century. 

HAWKINS,  SAMUEL  HUGH,  lawyer, 
financier,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1835,  in  Jones 
county,  Ga.  He  is  most  noted  as  the  ori 
ginator,  builder  and  president  of  the  Sa 
vannah,  Americus  and  Montgomery  rail 
way,  which  is  now  known  as  the  Georgia 
and  Alabama  railway. 

HAWKINS,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  in  1770  in  Warren  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  assem 
bly  in  1805  and  was  speaker.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was 
governor  of  North  Carolina  from  1811  to 
1814.  He  died  May  17,  1819,  in  Sparta,  Ga. 

HAWKINS,  WILLIAM  D.  C.,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  17,  1838,  in  Tennessee. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  college, 
of  Monticello,  Ark.,  and  has  attained 
prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of  the  In 
dian  territory,  where  he  has  a  lucrative 
practice  in  Ryan,  and  takes  a  prominent 
part  in  the  public  affairs  of  that  terri 
tory. 

HAWKINS,  WILLIAM  GEORGE,  cler 
gyman,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
23,  1823,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  attended 
the  Western  university  of  Middletown, 
Conn.,  and  the  Theological  seminary  o'f 
Virginia.  During  1852-57  he  was  rector  of 
the  Church  of  the  Messiah,  at  Glens  Falls, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  built  a  stone  church,  and 
in  1858-59  he  was  rector  of  St.  John's 
church  of  Pequi,  Pa.  He  has  since  filled 
pastorates  in  various  states  of  the  Union, 
and  is  now  a  missionary  of  the  episcopal 
church  in  western  Nebraska.  He  has  trav 
eled  extensively  in  Europe,  and  lectured 
on  agriculture  in  America  and  in  Eng 
land.  He  is  the  author  of  the  Life  of  J. 
H.  Hawkins,  his  father,  a  noted  temper 
ance  reformer;  Lunsford  Lane;  and  His 
tory  of  the  New  York  Freedmen's  Asso 
ciation. 

HAWKS,  MRS.  ANNIE  SHERWOOD, 
poet,  hymn-writer,  was  born  May  28,  1835, 
in  Hoosick,  N.  Y.  She  is  most  widely 
known  as  the  author  of  the  well-known 
hymn,  I  Need  Thee  Every  Hour. 

HAWKS,  CICERO  STEPHENS,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  May  26,  1812,  in  New 
Berne,  N.  C.  In  1844  he  was  consecrated 
Protestant  episcopal  bishop  of  Missouri. 
He  contributed  to  various  journals,  edit 
ed  the  Boys'  and  Girls'  Library;  and 
was  the  author  of  Friday  Christian.  He 
died  April  19,  1868,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


HAWKS,  FRANCIS  LISTER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  10,  1798,  in 
New  Berne,  N.  C.  He  was  a  noted  epis 
copal  clergyman,  rector  of  churches  in 
New  York,  New  Orleans,  and  Baltimore. 
He  was  the  author  of  History  of  North 
Carolina;  Reports  of  Cases  in  North  Car 
olina  Supreme  Court;  History  of  the  Epis 
copal  Church  in  Virginia  and  Maryland; 
The  Romance  of  Biography;  Cyclopedia 
of  Biography;  Egypt  and  Its  Monuments; 
and  Documentary  History  of  the  Episco 
pal  Church.  He  died  Sept.  26,  1866,  in 
New  York  city. 

HAWLEY,  BOSTWICK,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  8,  1814,  in  Onondaga 
county,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  eminence 
as  a  clergyman  in  the  methodist  episco 
pal  church,  but  has  now  retired  from 
active  service.  He  is  the  author  of  Man 
ual  of  Methodism;  Beauties  of  Herbert; 
Shield  of  Faith;  and  various  other  works. 

HAWLEY,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1819,  in  Catskill, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
of  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author  of  Early 
Chapters  of  Cayuga  History;  Sanitary  Re 
forms;  Memorial  Discourses;  and  Early 
Chapters  of  Seneca  History.  He  died 
Nov.  26,  1885,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

HAWLEY,  CHARLES  L.,  lawyer,  pro 
hibitionist,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1855,  in  Mon- 
trose,  Pa.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Scranton,  Pa.,  was  a  candidate  for  audi 
tor-general  of  Pennsylvania  on  the  pro 
hibition  ticket  in  1886,  and  in  1894  was 
a  candidate  on  the  same  ticket  for  gov 
ernor  of  Pennsylvania. 

HAWLEY,  CYRUS  M.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  removed  to 
Illinois,  and  was  appointed  from  that 
state  a  justice  of  the  United  States  court 
for  the  territory  of  Utah,  residing  at  Salt 
Lake  City. 

HAWLEY,  GIDEON,  missionary,  was 
born  Nov.  11,  1727,  in  Bridgeport,  Conn. 
In  1753  the  commissioners  of  Indian  af 
fairs  sent  him  to  establish  a  mission  in 
the  Iroquois  country,  on  the  Susquehan- 
na  river.  He  remained  there  teaching  and 
preaching  until  1756,  when  the  French 
war  obliged  him  to  return  to  civilization. 
He  died  Oct.  3,  1807,  in  Marshpee,  Mass. 

HAWLEY,  GIDEON,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  26,  1785,  in  Huntington, 
Conn.  From  the  organization  of  the 
Smithsonian  institution,  in  1846,  until  his 
death,  he  was  one  of  its  four  regents-at- 
large.  He  printed  for  private  distribu 
tion  Essays  in  Truth  and  Knowledge.  He 
died  July  16,  1870,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

HAWLEY,  JAMES  A.,  educator,  finan 
cier,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1830,  in  Webster, 
N.  Y.  He  has  been  superintendent  of 
schools  of  Lee  county,  111.,  and  for  twen 
ty-one  years  was  clerk  of  the  same  coun 
ty.  He  was  president  of  the  board  of 
education  of  Dixon,  111.,  and  president  and 
cashier  of  the  Dixon  National  bank.  He 
is  a  thirty-three  degree  Mason,  and  an 
active  member  of  the  supreme  council  for 
the  northern  jurisdiction  of  America.  He 
is  now  the  secretary  and  treasurer  of  *he 
Dixon  Water  company. 

HAWLEY,  JOHN  B.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1831,  in 
Fairfield  county,  Conn.  In  1852  he  settled 
at  Rock  Island,  111.,  and  in  1856  was 
elected  state's  attorney,  serving  four  years. 
In  1861  he  entered  the  volunteer  army,  and 
as  a  captain  took  an  active  part  in  the 
battles  of  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson. 
In  1865  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of 
Rock  Island,  and  in  1868  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty- 
first  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
two  succeeding  congresses,  and  was  as 
sistant  secretary  of  the  treasury  in 
1877-80. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


463 


HAWLEY,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1723,  in  North 
ampton,  Mass.  From  1764  to  1776  he  held 
a  seat  in  the  Massachusetts  legislature. 
In  1774  he  was  chairman  of  the  commit 
tee  to  consider  the  state  of  the  country, 
in  the  provincial  congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  that  body  in  1775.  He  died 
May  10,  1788,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 

HAWLEY,  JOSEPH  R.,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1826, 
in  Richmond  county,  N.  C.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Hamilton  col 
lege,  New  York,  in 
1847,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in 
1850  at  Hartford, 
Conn.,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He 
became  editor  of  the 
Hartford  Evening 
Press  in  1857,  which 
was  consolidated 
with  the  Hartford 
Courant,  of  which  he 
is  editor.  He  enlist 
ed  in  the  union  army  as  a  lieutenant  in 
1861,  and  became  brigadier  and  brevet 
major-general.  He  was  elected  governor 
of  Connecticut  in  1866.  He  was  president 
of  the  United  States  centennial  commis 
sion  from  its  organization,  in  March, 
1873,  to  the  completion  of  the  work  of  the 
centennial  exhibition.  He  was  elected  in 
1872  a  representative  in  the  forty-second 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress,  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  forty-sixth  congress.  He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
republican;  took  his  seat  March  4,  1881, 
was  re-elected  in  1887,  and  was  again 
elected  in  1893. 

HAWLEY,  R.  B.,  merchant,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  in  October, 
1859,  in  Memphis,  Tenn.  He  has  presided 
several  times  over  state  conventions,  and 
attended  as  a  delegate  national  conven 
tions.  He  was  elected  as  a  republican  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

HAWLEY,  WILLIAM  MERRILL,  law 
yer,  jurist,  statesman,  was  born  Aug.  23, 
1802,  in  Delaware  county,  N.  Y.  He 
served  in  the  state  senate,  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  democratic  national  conven 
tion  of  May  22,  1848,  which  met  in  Bal 
timore,  and  was  identified  with  the  Free- 
soil  radical  delegation,  which  culminated 
in  the  national  convention  of  1848,  held 
in  Buffalo.  He  died  Feb.  9,  1869,  in  Hor- 
nellsville,  N.  Y. 

HAWS,  J.  H.  HOBART,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1851  to  1853. 

HAWTHORNE,  ALICE  H.,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  8,  1842,  in  Louisville,  Ky., 
which  city  has  always  been  her  home.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  Hawthorne  Leaves;  and  has  con 
tributed  poems  and  prose  to  current  lit 
erature. 

HAWTHORNE,  BENJAMIN  JAMES, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  June 
19,  1837,  in  Lunenberg,  Va.  He  graduated 
from  the  Randolph  Macon  college  with 
the  degree  of  A.  M.,  and  was  a  student  at 
Clark  university  and  at  Yale.  He  was  a 
professor  in  the  Collegiate  institute  of 
Baton  Rouge,  La.;  has  been  president  of 
the  West  Tennessee  college;  professor  tn 
the  State  Agricultural  college  of  Oregon, 
and  now  fills  the  chair  of  mental  phil 
osophy  in  the  university  of  Oregon. 

HAWTHORNE,  JAMES  COSSETT,  phy 
sician,  state  senator,  was  born  March  12, 
1819,  in  Mercer  county,  Pa.  In  1854  he 
was  elected  state  senator  from  Placer 
county,  Cal.  He  died  Feb.  15,  1881,  in 
Portland,  Ore. 


HAWTHORNE,  JULIAN,  author,  was 
born  June  22,  1846,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
is  the  author  of  Bressant;  Garth;  Dust; 
Idolatry;  Fortune's  Fool;  Beatrix  Ran 
dolph;  Saxon  Studies;  Archibald  Malmai- 
son;  Sebastian  Strome;  Noble  Blood; 
Love,  or  a  Name;  Mrs.  Gainsborough's 
Diamonds;  David  Poindexter's  Disap 
pearance,  and  Other  Tales;  A  Dream  and 
a  Forgetting;  Confessions  and  Criticisms; 
Constance;  Nathaniel  Hawthorne  and  His 
Wife;  American  Literature;  The  Trial  of 
Gideon;  Prince  Saroni's  Wife;  and  Love 
Is  a  Spirit. 

HAWTHORNE,  NATHANIEL,  novel 
ist,  was  born  July  4,  1804,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
During  1838-41  he  held  a  position  in  the 
Boston  customhouse, 
was  next  a  member 
of  the  Brook  Farm 
association,  and  aft 
er  1843  a  resident  at 
Concord,  Mass.,  from 
time  to  time  until 
his  death,  though 
within  that  period 
he  was  surveyor  of 
the  port  of  Salem, 
1846-50,  and  from 
1853  to  1857  consul 
at  Liverpool.  He  was 
the  author  of  Fanshawe;  Twice-Told 
Tales;  Grandfather's  Chair;  Mosses  from 
an  Old  Manse;  Famous  Old  People;  Lib 
erty  Tree;  Biographical  Stories  for  Chil 
dren;  The  Scarlet  Letter;  True  Stories; 
The  House  of  the  Seven  Gables;  A  Won 
der  Book;  The  Snow  Image,  and  Other 
Twice-Told  Tales;  The  Blithedale  Ro 
mance;  Tanglewood  Tales;  The  Marble 
Faun,  known  in  England  as  Transforma 
tion;  Our  Old  Home;  Passages  from  Am 
erican  Note-Books;  English  Note-Books; 
French  and  Italian  Note-Books;  Septimi- 
us  Felton;  The  Dolliver  Romance;  and  Dr. 
Grimshawe's  Secret.  He  died  May  19, 
1864,  in  Plymouth,  N.  H. 

HAWTHORNE,  MRS.  SOPHIA  (PEA- 
BODY),  author,  was  born  in  1810  in  Sa 
lem,  Mass.  She  was  the  wife  of  Nathan 
iel  Hawthorne,  and  sister  of  Elizabeth 
Peabody.  Her  only  publication  was  Notes 
in  England  and  Italy.  She  died  Feb.  26, 
1871,  in  London,  England. 

HAXALL,  ROBERT  WILLIAM,  phy 
sician,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1802,  in  Peters 
burg,  Va.  He  was  on  several  occasions 
president  of  the  Medical  society  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American  Medical  association.  He  died 
March  26,  1872,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

HAY,  ANDREW  K.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Massachusetts.  Having  become  a 
resident  of  New  Jersey,  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1849  to 
1851. 

HAY,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS,  clergy 
man,  theologian,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1821, 
in  York,  Pa.  He  was  pastor  at  Hanover 
in  1848-49,  and  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  in 
1849-65.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  called 
to  the  Theological  seminary  as  professor 
of  Hebrew,  German,  biblical  criticism,  and 
pastoral  theology.  He  translated  from 
the  German,  Dr.  Schmid's  Doctrinal  The 
ology  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church. 

HAY,  EUGENE  G.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  March  26,  1853,  in  Charlestown, 
Ind.  In  1889  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Minnesota  state  legislature,  and  in 
1890-94  was  United  States  district  attorney 
of  that  state. 

HAY,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  author. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  legis 
lature  and  was  for  many  years  United 
States  attorney,  in  which  capacity  he  was 


the  prosecutor  of  Aaron  Burr.  He  was 
subsequently  judge  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Virginia. 
He  wrote  a  treatise  against  the  Usury 
Laws;  Life  of  John  Thompson;  and  a 
treatise  on  Emigration  in  1814.  He  died 
Sept.  21,  1830,  in  Richmond. 

HAY,  JAMES,  lawyer,  state  senator 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1856,  in 
Millwood,  Va.  He  was  elected  attorney 
for  the  commonwealth  in  1883,  and  re- 
elected  to  that  office  in  1887,  1891  and 
1895.  He  was  elected  to  the  house  of 
delegates  of  Virginia  in  1885,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1887  and  1889.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  in  1893.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

HAY,  JOHN,  lawyer,  statesman,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1838,  in  Salem,  Ind.  In 
1861  he  became  Lincoln's  private  secre 
tary,  adjutant,  and  aide-de-camp  during: 
the  civil  war,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
brevetted  colonel.  For  five  years  he  was 
an  editorial  writer  on  the  New  York  Trib 
une,  during  1870-75.  He  is  now  United 
btates  minister  in  London,  England  He 
s  the  author  of  A  Life  of  Abraham  Lin 
coln;  Pike  County  Ballads,  and  Other 
Poems;  and  Castilian  Days,  a  volume  of 
travels.  Of  his  dialect  poems,  Jim  Bludso 
and  Little  Breeches  are  the  best  known. 

HAY,  JOHN  B.,  soldier,  lawyer  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1834,  in  Belle 
ville,  III.  He  was  for  eight  years  a  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  state;  served  in  the 
union  army  during  the  rebellion,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

HAY,  MALCOLM,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
1842  in  Pennsylvania.  He  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Mercantile  Library  associa 
tion  of  Pittsburg;  was  a  trustee  of  the 
Dollar  Savings  bank,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1872.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  first  as 
sistant  postmaster-general.  He  died  Oct 
2u,  1885. 

HAY,  WALTER,  physician,  journalist, 
was  born  June  13,  1830,  in  Georgetown, 
D.  C.  He  organized  St.  Luke's  hospital 
in  Chicago  in  1864,  became  editor  of  the 
Chicago  Medical  Journal  in  1867,  and  re 
tained  this  connection  until  the  sale  of 
the  paper  in  1875. 

HAYDEN,  CHARLES  S.,  LL.  B.,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1848,  in 
Harvard,  Mass.  Since  1891  he  has  been 
chief  justice  of  the  court.  In  1889  he  was 
elected  mayor  of  Fitchburg. 

HAYDEN,  EDWARD  DANIEL,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
27,  1833,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  In  1862  he 
entered  the  United  States  navy  as  assist 
ant  paymaster.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1880,  1881,  and  1882.  He  set 
tled  at  Woburn,  Mass.,  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

HAYDEN,  FERDINAND  VANDER- 
VEER,  geologist,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
7,  1829,  in  Westfield,  Mass.  He  was  a 
professor  of  geology  in  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  author  of  Origin 
and  Progress  of  the  Un^ed  States  Geol 
ogical  Survey  of  the  Territories;  and  The 
Yellowstone  National  Park.  He  died  Dec. 
22,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HAYDEN,  HEZEKIAH  SIDNEY,  cap 
italist,  senator,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1816, 
in  Windsor,  Conn.  In  1858  he  erected  a 
building  for  a  Young  Ladies'  institute, 
which  has  been  conducted  successfully. 
He  served  in  both  branches  of  the  state 
legislature,  and  in  the  senate  in  1866. 


4G4 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MAYDEN,  HORACE  H.,  dentist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1769,  in  Windsor,  Conn. 
He  was  a  once  noted  Baltimore  dentist 
who  published  Geological  Essays.  He 
died  Jan.  26,  1844,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

HAYDEN,  JAMES  HENRY,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  23,  1867,  in  New  York  city.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  St.  Paul's 
school  of  Concord,  N.  H.;  graduated  from 
Yale  university  in  1887;  from  the  Yale 
Law  school  in  1889,  and  has  received  the 
degrees  of  Ph.  B.  and  LL.  B.  He  has 
been  counsel  for  the  William  Cramp  and 
Sons'  Ship  and  Engine  Building  com 
pany,  the  Bethlehem  Iron  company,  Simp 
son  Dry-Dock  company,  and  other  large 
corporations.  He  is  a  member  of  various 
societies  and  associations,  and  governor  of 
the  Century  club  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

HAYDEN,  MOSES,  was  born  in  1786  in 
Hampshire  county,  Mass.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  state  senate  in  1829 
and  1830,  and  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York,  from  1823  to  1827.  He 
died  Feb.  14,  1830. 

HAYDEN,  WILLIAM  BENJAMIN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1816  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  Swedenborgian  clergy 
man,  and  the  author  of  Science  and  Rev 
elation;  Phenomena  of  Modern  Spiritual 
ism;  The  Apocalyptic  Dispensation;  Light 
on  the  Last  Things;  and  Dangers  of  Mod 
ern  Spiritualism,  which  include  the  great 
er  portion  of  his  work.  He  died  in  1893. 

HAYDN,  HIRAM  COLLINS,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
11,  1831,  in  Pompey,  N.  Y.  During  1887- 
90  he  was  president  of  Adelbert  college. 

HAYES,  AUGUSTUS  ALLEN,  was  born 
Feb.  28,  1806,  in  Windsor,  Vt.  He  was  a 
novelist  of  Brookline,  Mass.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  New  Colorado  and  the  Santa  Fe 
Trail:  The  Jesuit's  Ring,  a  Romance;  and 
The  Denver  Express.  He  died  June  21, 
1882,  in  Brookline,  Mass. 

HAYES,  CATHERINE,  vocalist,  was 
born  in  1825  in  Ireland.  She  has  attained 
a  national  prominence  as  a  vocalist,  and 
Among  her  best  known  concert  songs  are 
The  Rose  of  Summer;  The  Lament  of  the 
Irish  Emigrant;  and  others. 

HAYES,  CHARLES  MELVILLE,  rail 
road  manager,  was  born  May  6,  1856,  in 
Rock  Island,  111.  In  1887  he  was  appoint 
ed  general  manager  of  the  Wabash  West 
ern  railroad,  and  in  1889  was  appointed 
general  manager  of  the  reorganized  and 
consolidated  lines  of  the  Wabash  system 
c:ist  and  west  of  the  Mississippi  river. 

HAYES,  EDWARD  R.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  26,  1841,  in  Wood 
county,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Knoxville,  Iowa,  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

HAYES,  ISAAC  ISRAEL,  explorer,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  5,  1832,  in  Chester 
county,  Pa.  He  was  an  arctic  explorer 
whose  first  voyage  was  made  with  Dr. 
Kane.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Open 
Polar  Sea;  An  Arctic  Boat  Journey;  Cast 
Away  in  the  Cold;  The  Land  of  Desola 
tion;  and  Pictures  of  Arctic  Travel.  He 
died  Dec.  17,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

HAYES,  JOHN  LORD,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  April  13,  1812,  in  South  Berwick, 
Maine.  In  1861-65  he  was  chief  clerk  of 
the  United  States  patent  office,  and  in  the 
latter  year  he  became  secretary  of  the 
National  association  of  Wool  Manufac 
turers,  which  office  he  retained  till  his 
death.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Iron 
Mines  of  Nova  Scotia;  Jackson's  Vindica 
tion  as  the  Discoverer  of  Anaesthetics; 
Tin'  Hudson  Bay  Question;  The  Protective 


Question  Abroad  and  at  Home;  and  Sheep 
Industry  in  the  South.  He  died  April  18, 
1887,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

HAYES,  JOHN  S.,  educator,  librarian, 
was  born  July  a,  1841,  in  Durham,  N.  H. 
He  received  his  early  education  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  town  and  at  Atkin 
son  academy,  and  graduated  from  Phillips 
Exeter  academy  in  1858.  He  then  taught 
school  in  New  Market,  Amesbury,  North- 
wood  academy,  and  for  three  years  was 
master  of  Bowditch  school  at  Peabody. 
He  then  became  principal  of  the  Craddock 
school,  of  Medford,  and  later  of  the  North 
Grammar  school  of  Manchester,  N.  H. 
During  1869-73  he  taught  in  Newton,  and 
for  the  four  succeeding  years  was  the 
New  England  agent  for  D.  Appleton  and 
Co.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Middle 
sex  County  Teachers'  association,  and 
since  1893  has  been  librarian  of  the 
Somerville  public  library-  He  died  March 
7,  1898,  in  Somerville,  Mass. 

HAYES,  JOHN  WESLEY,  inventor, 
mathematician,  was  born  April  10,  1836, 
in  Somersworth,  N.  H.  He  is  the  inventor 
of  many  useful  machines,  including  a  ro 
tary  engine  based  upon  the  principle  of 
the  cycloid  curve.  He  has  been  a  mas 
ter  mechanic  in  railroad  shops,  and  in  the 
United  States  navy  yard  machine  shops. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  mathematical  work, 
and  has  contributed  several  valuable  arti 
cles  to  mechanical  publications. 

HAYES,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  was  born 
Sept.  14,  1835,  in  South  Berwick,  Maine. 
He  was  brevetted  major-general  of  volun 
teers  in  1865.  In  1865  he  was  appointed 
United  States  commissioner  of  supplies  in 
the  seceded  states.  In  1877  he  introduced 
the  American  system  of  hydraulic  mining 
into  the  United  States  of  Colombia. 

HAYES,  LUCY  WARE  WEBB,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1831,  in  Chil- 
licothe,  Ohio.  Mrs.  Hayes  was  noted  for 
her  devotion  to  the  wounded  soldiers  dur 
ing  the  war.  She  refused  to  permit  wine 
to  be  served  on  the  White  House  table, 
and  for  this  innovation  incurred  much 
censure  in  some  political  circles,  but  re 
ceived  high  praise  from  the  advocates  of 
total  abstinence.  She  died  June  25,  1889, 
in  Fremont,  Ohio. 

HAYES,  PHILIP  CORNELIUS,  soldier, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
3,  1833,  in  Granby,  Conn.  He  entered  the 
union  army  in  1861  as  a  private,  an'd 
served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  colonel,  and  brevet  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty- 
sixth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

HAYES,  RICHARD  SOMERS,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1846,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  Since  1888  he  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  St.  Paul  and  Duluth  railway. 

HAYES,  RUTHERFORD  BIRCHAR1), 
nineteenth  president  of  the  United  States, 
was  born  Oct.  4,  1822,  in  Delaware,  Ohio. 
He  graduated  at 
Kenyon  college  in 
1842;  studied  law  at 
Harvard  university, 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1845.  In 
1852  he  married  Miss 
Lucy  W.  Webb.  He 
was  defeated  for 
judge  in  1856;  in 
1859  was  elected  city 
solicitor,  to  fill  a  va 
cancy,  by  the  Cin 
cinnati  city  council, 
and  in  1860  was  elected  by  the  people  for 
one  year,  but  defeated  in  1861.  He  was 
appointed  major  of  the  twenty-third  Ohio 
infantry  June  7,  1861,  and  continued  in 


the  service,  being  promoted  for  distin 
guished  services,  having  been  wounded 
four  times,  until  he  attained  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  While  in  the  field,  in 
1864,  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress,  and  re-elected  in  1866.  In  1867 
he  was  elected  governor  of  Ohio  over 
Allen  G.  Thurman  and  was  inaugurated 
Jan.  13,  1868,  having  resigned  his  seat  in 
congress.  He  was  re-elected  governor 
over  George  H.  Pendleton  in  1869.  In 
1872  he  was  defeated  for  congress,  and  in 
1875  was  again  elected  governor  of  Ohio, 
this  time  defeating  Governor  William 
Allen.  The  republican  national  conven 
tion  met  at  Cincinnati  June  14,  1876,  to 
nominate  candidates  for  president  and 
vice-president.  June  16  the  first  ballot 
stood:  James  G.  Elaine,  285;  Oliver  P. 
Morton,  124;  Benjamin  H.  Sristow,  113; 
Roscoe  Conkling,  99;  Rutherford  B. 
Hayes,  61;  John  F.  Hartranft,  58;  Mar 
shall  Jewell.  11,  and  William  A.  Wheeler, 

3.  There  was  no  material   change   until 
the  seventh  ballot,  which  gave  Hayes  384; 
Elaine,  351,  and   Bristow,  21.     Hayes  re 
ceiving   a   majority,    the  vote   was   made 
unanimous.     William  Almon  Wheeler,  of 
New  York,  was  nominated  for  vice-presi 
dent.    At  the  November  election  the  pop 
ular  vote  stood:  For  Hayes,  4,033,295;  for 
Tilden,  4,284,265.     Tilden's  majority,  250,- 
970.     The   canvassing   boards  of  Florida, 
Louisiana  and  South  Carolina  having'  re 
turned  the   republican  presidential   elect 
ors,  their  right  to  do  so  being  questioned 
by   the   democratic   house   of   representa 
tives   (the  senate  being  republican),  co'n- 
gress  on  Jan.  29,  1877,  passed  a  bill  creat 
ing  an  electoral  commission  to  count  the 
electoral  vote  in  all  disputed  cases.     The 
commission  was  composed  of  five  justices 
of  the   supreme  court,  five  senators   and 
five  representatives,  as  follows:     Justices 
— Nathan  Clifford,  Maine;   Samuel  F.  Mil 
ler,   Iowa;    Stephen   Johnson    Field,    Cal 
ifornia;    William    Strong,    Pennsylvania; 
Joseph  P.  Bradley,  New  Jersey.    Senators 
— George  F.  Edmunds,  Vermont;  Oliver  P. 
Morton,   Indiana;    Frederick   T.    Freling- 
huysen,  New  Jersey;    Allen  G.  Thurman, 
Ohio;  Thomas  Francis  Bayard,  Delaware. 
Representatives — Henry   B.  Payne,   Ohio; 
Eppa  Hunton,  Virginia;  Josiah  G.  Abbott, 
Massachusetts;    George   F.   Hoar,    Massa 
chusetts;    James    Abram    Garfleld,    Ohio. 
The  commission  decided  by  a  vote  of  8  to 
7   that   the    republican    electoral   vote    of 
Florida,     Louisiana   and    South    Carolina 
should  be  counted  for  Hayes  and  Wheeler, 
which    gave    them    185    and    Tilden    and 
Hendricks  184  electoral  votes.    The  result 
was    reported    to    congress,   and    at    four 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  March  2,  1877, 
Hayes  was  declared  elected  president.   He 
at  once  resigned  the  office  of  governor  of 
Ohio  and   proceeded   to  Washington   and 
took   the   oath   of   office   Saturday   night. 
March  3.     He  was   inaugurated  on   Mon 
day,  March  5,  and  again  took  the  oath  of 
office.     At  the  close   of  his   term,  March 

4,  1881,   he  retired  to  his  home   at  Fre 
mont,  Ohio,  where  he  died  Jan.   17,  1833. 
Hayes    held   office   about   fourteen    years, 
and   was  the  wealthiest  of  all  the  presi 
dents. 

HAYES,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state,  from 
1841  to  1843. 

HAYES,  WALTER  I.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1841, 
in  Marshall,  Mich.  He  was  district 
judge  of  the  seventh  judicial  district  of 
Iowa,  and  was  twice  the  candidate  of  the 
democratic  party  for  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 


KRRINQ8HAW8      KNCYCI.C  H'KIM  A     OK     AMKKH'AN      IJIOCJKAl' 


4  (if) 


HAYES,    WILLIAM    JAMES,   manufac 
turer,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1837,  in  New  Lis 
bon,  Ohio.     His  wire  mills  have  continued 
to    grow     until    they 
have       become      the 
.ugMMp.  largest   in   the  coun- 

^  ,   try,   employing  7,500 

—      '•"  men.     their     annual 

output      aggregating 
60,000  tons.     In  1886 
;   the  banking  firm  was 
'•    succeeded    by    W.   J. 
Hayes       and       Sons, 
who  assumed  all  the 
deposits,    assets   and 
liabilities    and    pur 
chased  the  good  will 

of  the  business.  The  bank  is  now  a  ris 
ing  institution,  transacts  general  banking 
in  all  its  forms,  and  stands  high  in  tht 
estimation  of  business  men. 

HAYGOOD,  ATTICUS  GREEN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1839,  in 
Watkinsville,  Ga.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman  of  much  prominence  in  the 
south;  and  the  author  of  The  Monk  and 
the  Prince,  a  Critical  Study  of  Savon 
arola  and  Lorenzo  de'  Medici;  Our  Keep- 
Sake;  Our  Children;  Our  Brother  in 
Black;  Speeches  and  Sermons;  Jack- 
knife  and  Brambles,  a  discussion  of  the 
authorship  and  meaning  of  the  books  of 
the  Bible;  Pleas  for  Progress:  and  The 
Man  of  Galilee.  He  died  in  1896. 

HAYGOOD,  JOHNSON,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1880 
to  1882. 

HAYMAN.  JEROME  T..  farmer,  mer 
chant,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  4.  1853,  in 
Worcester  county,  Md.  In  1892  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  state  legisla 
ture  of  Maryland,  and  served  two  terms. 
HAYMAN.  SAMUEL  BRINKLE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  June  5,  1820,  in  Chester 
county,  Pa.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  for  gal 
lantry  at  Fair  Oaks. 

HAYMOND,  THOMAS  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1851. 

HAYMOND,  W.  S..  soldier,  physician, 
railroad  president,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  20,  1823,  in  Harrison  county,  Va. 
In  1861  he  entered  the  army  as  a  surgeon, 
where  he  remained  until  1863.  He  was 
elected  president  of  the  Indianapolis. 
Delphi  and  Chicago  Railroad  company  in 
1872,  1873  and  1874.  In  1874  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress. 

HAYNE,  ARTHUR  PERONNEAU,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  March  12,  1790,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
During  the  Florida  war  he  was  called  into 
the  field,  and  had  command  of  the  Ten 
nessee  volunteers,  and  after  receiving 
three  brevets,  retired  from  the  army  in 
1820.  Subsequently  he  served  in  the  leg 
islature  of  South  Carolina,  and  was  chosen 
a  presidential  elector  in  1828,  voting  for 
Jackson.  He  was  appointed  to  a  seat  in 
the  United  States  senate  from  South  Caro 
lina  in  1858  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died 
Jan.  7,  1867,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

HAYNE,  ISAAC,  soldier,  state  senator, 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1745,  in  South  Caro 
lina.  Early  in  the  war  he  entered  the 
service  and  became  a  captain  of  artillery, 
and  later  was  placed  in  command  of  a 
regiment  of  militia.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  state  senate.  He  died  Aug. 
4.  1781,  in  Charleston.  S.  C. 

HAYNE,  PAUL  HAMILTON,  soldier, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1830,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  lyric  poet 
whose  verse  has  much  melody.  He  served 
as  a  colonel  in  the  confederate  army,  and 
30 


at  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  broken  in 
health  and  fortunes,  retired  to  the  small 
village  of  Grovetown,  Ga.,  where  the  rest 
of  his  life  was  passed.  He  was  the  author 
of  Avolio;  The  Mountain  of  the  Lovers; 
Legends  and  Lyrics;  Sonnets  and  Other 
Poems;  and  Lives  of  Robert  Hayne  and 
Hugh  Legare.  A  complete  edition  of  his 
poems  appeared  in  1883.  He  died  July  6. 
1886,  near  Augusta,  Ga. 

HAYNE.  ROBERT  YOUNG,  soldier, 
lawyer,  railroad  president,  governor. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  10. 
1791,  in  St.  Paul's 
parish.  S.  C.  In  the 
war  of  1812  he  held 
the  commission  of 
lieutenant.  In  1814 
he  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature, 
and  in  1818  speaker, 
and  was  also  attor 
ney-general  of  the 
state.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1823. 
and  continued  there 
until  1832.  He  was  elected  governor  of 
the  state,  serving  until  1834.  He  was  sub 
sequently  mayor  of  Charleston;  and 
president  of  the  Charleston,  Louisville  and 
Cincinnati  Railroad  company.  He  died 
Sept.  24,  1839.  in  Asheville.  N.  C. 

HAYNE,  WILLIAM  HAMILTON,  poet, 
was  born  March  11,  1856,  in  Charleston,  S. 
C.  His  first  poem  of  special  value  ap 
peared  in  the  Youth's  Companion  in  1881. 
and  his  poems  have  since  been  collected 
under  the  title  of  Sylvan  Lyrics. 

HAYNES.  CHARLES  E..  congressman, 
was  born  in  Brunswick.  V'a.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1825  to  1829,  and  again  from  1835  to 
1839. 

HAYNES,  EMORY  JUDSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1846  in  Ver 
mont.  He  is  a  methodist  clergyman  of 
Boston  and  elsewhere;  and  the  author  of 
Are  These  Things  So?;  Fairest  of  Three, 
a  Tale  of  American  Life;  Dollars  and 
Duties;  and  A  Farmhouse  Cobweb,  a 
Vermont  novel. 

HAYNES,  HENRY  WILLIAMSON,  edu 
cator,  archaeologist,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  20.  1831.  in  Bangor,  Maine.  The 
winter  of  1877-78  he  spent  in  Egypt,  seek 
ing  for  evidences  of  the  palaeolithic  age 
in  that  country.  The  results  of  his  inves 
tigations  were  presented  at  the  interna 
tional  congress  of  anthropological  sci 
ences  that  was  held  in  Paris  in  1878, 
where  he  was  rewarded  with  a  medal  and 
a  diploma. 

HAYNES.    JACOB    M.,    lawyer,    jurist, 
banker,  was  born  April   12,  1817,  in  Mon- 
son.  Mass.     He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the 
academy   of   his   na- 
,ea-  „  live  city;    and  grad- 

ir-  \  uated  from  the  Phil 

lips  academy  of  Mas 
sachusetts.  In  1843 
he  moved  to  Indiana, 
and  the  following 
year  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  that  state. 
During  1856-71  he 
was  judge  of  the 
court  of  common 
pleas;  during  1871- 
77  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Indi 
ana;  and  since  1874  has  been  president 
of  the  People's  bank  of  Portland,  Ind.  He 
is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  his 
adopted  state;  and  has  always  been  prom 
inently  identified  with  its  financial  and 
public  affairs. 

HAYNES,  JOHN,  governor,  statesman, 
was  born  in  England.  In  1635  he  became 


governor  of  Massachusetts.  In  1637  he 
was  prominent  among  the  founders  of 
Connecticut;  was  chosen  its  first  gov 
ernor  in  1639,  and  every  alternate  year 
afterward  until  his  death.  He  died  March 
I,  1654. 

HAYNES,  JOHN  CUMMINGS,  publish 
er,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1829,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  president  of  The  Music  Pub 
lishers'  association  of  the  United  States. 

HAYNKS,  MARTIN  A.,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  July  30, 
1845,  in  Springfield,  N.  H.  He  served 
three  years  in  the  union  army  during  the 
civil  war.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1872  and  1873.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  forty-eighth  and  forty- 
ninth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

HAYNES,  TILLEY,  business  man,  state 
senator,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1828,  in  Sud- 
bury,  Mass.  He  served  in  the  first  city 
government  of  Springfield;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  lower  branch  of  legislature 
from  1867-70;  state  senator  from  1875-78; 
and  from  1878-79  a  member  of  the  execu 
tive  council  of  Govs.  Rice  and  Talbot. 

HAYNES,  WILLIAM  E.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  banker,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  1829,  in  Hoosac  Falls,  N.  Y.  He 
was  elected  auditor  of  Sandusky  county. 
Ohio,  and  served  two  terms.  He  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  internal  revenue  for 
the  ninth  district  of  Ohio  in  1866,  which 
position  he  held  until  1867.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HAYNIE,  ISHAM  NICOLAS,  soldier, 
jurist,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1824,  in  Dover. 
Tenn.  In  1856  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas  at  Cairo,  111. 
In  1862  he  received  the  appointment  of 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He  re 
sumed  his  profession  in  1864,  and  subse 
quently  became  adjutant-general  of  Illi 
nois.  He  died  in  1868  in  Springfield,  111. 

HAYS,    ALEXANDER,    soldier,    manu 
facturer,  was  born  July  8,  1819,  in  Frank 
lin,    Pa.      As    second    lieutenant     of    the 
eighth    infantry,    he 
^^^^^  entered  on  the  Mexi- 

^Pi  ^.        can    campaign,     and 

Jfc       won   special   distinc- 
|ft      tion   in    the   engage- 
^BaM^^.  ment    near     Atlixco. 

•h.   1       j    He  settled  in  Venan- 
f        go  county.  Pa. .where 
|houftfl          he    engaged    in    the 
manufacture  of  iron 
in    1848-50;     was  as- 
I    sistant    engineer    on 
MMJUHMIJH     railroads   in    1850-54. 
and       subsequently 

served  in  the  civil  war.  He  was  killed 
May  5,  1864,  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilder 
ness. 

HAYS,  ASA  B.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  May  17.  1842,  in  Blount  county. 
Ala.  During  the  war  he  served  in  the 
union  army  as  sergeant-major  in  the  sec 
ond  regiment  Tennessee  mounted  in 
fantry;  and  afterward  as  scout  and  guide 
for  the  union  army.  For  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  served  faithfully  as  judge  of 
the  probate  court  at  Cullman,  Ala. 

HAYS,  CHARLES,  agriculturist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  2. 
1834,  in  Green  county,  Ala.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  senate  of  Alabama  in  1868. 
and  while  a  member  was  elected  to  the 
forty-first  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  three  succeeding  congresses. 

HAY'S,  GEORGE  PEIRCE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1838  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Kansas 
City;  and  the  author  of  Everyday  Rea 
soning;  The  Honest  Book;  May  Women 
Speak?;  and  Presbyterians. 


HKKR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HAYS,  ISAAC,  physician,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  July  5,  1796,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  In  1843  he  established  The 
Medical  News  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and 
in  1874  The  Monthly  Abstract  of  Medical 
Science;  both  of  which  journals  are  still 
published  in  that  city.  He  published  vari 
ous  medical  works.  He  died  April  13, 
1879,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HAYS,  JAMES  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Sept.  10,  1840,  in  Crawforfa  county, 
Pa.  He  was  district  attorney  for  Dodge 
county  for  eight  years;  and  was  an  un 
successful  candidate  for  secretary  of  state 
of  Wisconsin  in  1877.  In  1885  he  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  territory  of  Idaho. 

HAYS,  L.  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1845. 

HAYS,  LUKE  C.,  lawyer,  public  official, 
was  born  May  19,  1861,  in  Hardin  county, 
Ky.  During  1878-86  he  was  deputy  coun 
ty  clerk  of  his  county.  He  then  moved 
to  South  Dakota;  was  chief  clerk  of 
Crow  Creek  Indian  agency  until  1890;  and 
subsequently  served  two  terms  as  state's 
attorney  of  Lyman  county,  S.  D.  In  1893 
he  was  appointed  Indian  agent;  and  has 
filled  various  other  public  offices  of  trust. 

HAYS,  WILLIAM  SHAKESPEARE,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  July  19,  1837,  in  Ken 
tucky.  He  is  a  popular  ballad  and  song 
composer  of  Louisville.  Mollie  Darling  is 
one  of  his  best-known  songs.  He  has 
published  a  volume  of  Poems  and  Songs. 

HAYWARD,  EDWARD  FARWELL, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1851  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man,  for  some  years  pastor  of  a  church 
in  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Willoughby; 
Patrice;  and  Ecce  Spiritus. 

HAYWARD,  GEORGE,  author,  was 
born  in  1781  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a 
Boston  writer  who  published  View  of 
the  United  States;  Religious  Creeds  of 
the  United  States;  and  Book  of  Religions, 
and  several  gazetteers.  He  died  in  1862. 

HAYWARD,  GEORGE,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  9,  1791,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  physician  of  note; 
and  the  author  of  Outlines  of  Physiology; 
and  Surgical  Records.  He  died  Oct.  7, 
1863,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

HAYWARD,  JAMES,  educator,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  June  12,  1786,  in 
Concord,  Mass.  He  was  professionally  re 
tained  by  the  Boston  and  Maine  railroad, 
projecting  and  having  entire  charge  of 
the  construction  of  this  road,  including 
the  building  of  the  bridge  at  Haverhill, 
and  ultimately  being  made  president  of 
the  corporation.  He  published  Elements 
of  Geometry  upon  the  Inductive  Method. 
He  died  July  27,  1866,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

HAYWARD,  JOHN,  author,  was  born 
in  January,  1781,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is 
the  author  of  View  of  the  United  States; 
Religious  Creeds  of  the  United  States  and 
of  the  British  Provinces;  New  England 
Gazetteer;  Book  of  Religions;  Gazetteer 
of  the  United  States;  and  Gazetteer  of 
Massachusetts,  New  Hampshire  and  Ver 
mont.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1862,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

HAYWOOD,  BENJAMIN  J.,  financier, 
was  born  April  12,  1849,  in  Mercer  county, 
Pa.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  ed 
ucation  in  the  public  schools,  and  subse 
quently  graduated  from  the  Business  col 
lege  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  has  filled  nu 
merous  public  positions  of  trust  in  his 
native  county  and  state;  was  receiver 
of  the  First  National  bank  of  Clearfleld, 
Pa.;  and  is  now  state  treasurer  of  Penn 
sylvania. 


HAYWOOD,  BENJAMIN  SHERWOOD, 
educator,  clergyman,  was  born  Sept.  15, 
1863,  near  Romney,  Ind.  He  graduated 
from  Cornell  college  of  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa; 
and  from  the  Purdue  university  of  La 
fayette,  Ind.  He  was  a  successful  edu 
cator  in  Indiana  and  Nebraska;  and  since 
1889  has  been  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church.  During  1894-97  he  was 
president  of  the  West  Nebraska  confer 
ence  of  the  Epworth  league;  and  since 
1896  has  filled  a  pastorate  in  Holdrege, 
Neb. 

HAYWOOD,  EDMUND  BURKE,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  was  born  June  13,  1825, 
in  Raleigh,  N.  C.  He  was  president  of 
the  Medical  association  of  North  Carolina 
in  1868,  and  from  1871  till  1877,  of  the 
state  insane  asylum.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  international  medical  congress  in 
Philadelphia  in  1876. 

HAYWOOD,  JOHN,  colonist,  was  born 
in  1684,  in  West  Indies.  He  represented 
Edgecombe  county,  N.  C.,  in  the  colonial 
assembly;  and  was  also  a  colonel  in  the 
militia  forces  of  the  county.  He  died  in 
1758  in  North  Carolina. 

HAYWOOD,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1753  in  Halifax  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Tennessee;  and 
the  author  of  Manual  of  Laws  of  North 
Carolina;  Haywood's  Justice;  Tennessee 
Reports;  History  of  Tennessee;  and 
Statute  Laws  of  Tennessee  (with  R.  L. 
Cutts).  He  died  in  December,  1826,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

HAYWOOD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  JR., 
state  legislator,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  in  1801  in  Wake  county,  N.  C.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  house  of  commons  in 
1834,  continuing  there  three  years;  in  1836 
was  speaker  of  the  house;  and  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  1843  to  1846.  He 
died  Oct.  6,  1852,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

HAZARD,  CAROLii\ii,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1856  in  Rhode  Island. 
She  is  the  author  of  Narragansett  Ballads; 
Thomas  Hazard,  a  Study  of  Life  in  Narra 
gansett  in  the  Eighteenth  Century;  and 
Memoirs  of  J.  L.  Diman.  She  has  edited, 
with  introductions,  the  works  of  R.  G. 
Hazard. 

HAZARD,  EBENEZER,  postmaster- 
general,  author,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1744,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia 
writer  who  was  postmaster-general  in 
1782-89;  and  the  author  of  Historical  Col 
lections,  the  beginnings  of  a  United  States 
history;  and  Remarks  on  a  Report  Con 
cerning  the  Western  Indians.  He  died 
June  13,  1817,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HAZARD,  JONATHAN  J.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1728  in  Rhode  Island.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Rhode  Island  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1787  and  1788.  He 
died  in  1812  in  New  York. 

HAZARD,  NATHANIEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1819  to  1821.  He  died  Dec.  18, 
1820,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HAZARD,  ROWLAND  GIBSON,  manu 
facturer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1801, 
in  South  Kensington,  R.  I.  He  was  a 
woolen  manufacturer  of  Peace  Dale,  R.  I.; 
and  the  author  of  Essays  on  Finance; 
Resources  of  the  United  States;  Essay  on 
Language,  and  Other  Essays  and  Ad 
dresses;  Freedom  of  Mind  in  Willing; 
Causation  and  Freedom  in  Willing;  and 
Man  a  Creative  First  Cause.  He  died 
June  24,  1888,  in  Peace  Dale,  R.  I. 

HAZARD,  SAMUEL,  archseologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  26,  1784,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  an  archaeologist  of 
Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  Annals 
of  Pennsylvania,  1609-82;  Register  of 
Pennsylvania.  1828-36;  Pennsylvania  Ar 


chives,  1682-1790;  and  United  States  Com 
mercial  and  Statistical  Register.  He  died 
May  22,  1870,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HAZARD,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  1834  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  an  officer  in  the  United  States  army; 
and  the  author  of  Santo  Domingo  Past 
and  Present;  and  Cuba  with  Pen  and 
Pencil.  He  died  in  1876. 

HAZARD,  THOMAS  ROBINSON,  manu 
facturer,  author,  was  born  in  1784  in 
South  Kensington,  R.  I.  He  was  an 
ardent  spiritualist,  and  wrote  much  in 
defence  of  his  beliefs.  He  was  the  author 
of  Facts  for  the  Laboring  Man;  The  Or 
deal  of  Life;  Capital  Punishment;  Medi 
ums  and  Mediumship;  and  Recollections 
of  Olden  Time.  He  died  in  March,  1876, 
in  New  York. 

HAZARD,  WILLIS  POPE,  bookseller, 
author,  was  born  in  1825  in  Alabama. 
He  is  a  retired  bookseller  of  Westchester, 
Pa.;  and  the  author  of  The  Art  of  Pleas 
ing,  a  work  on  etiquette;  The  Jersey,  Al- 
derney,  and  Guernsey  Cow;  Butter  and 
Buttermaking;  and  Annals  of  Philadel 
phia,  a  continuation  of  Watson's  Annals. 

HAZELIUS,  ERNEST  LEWIS,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
6,  1777,  in  Prussia.  He  was  a  Lutheran 
clergyman  who  was  professor  in  a  South 
Carolina  theological  seminary.  He  was 
the  author  of  Life  of  Luther;  Church  His 
tory;  and  History  of  the  Lutheran  Church 
in  America.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1853,  in 
South  Carolina. 

HAZELRIGG,  MRS.  CLARA  H.,  edu 
cator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  23, 
1861,  in  Council  Grove,  Kan.  She  is  a  suc 
cessful  educator,  and  principal  of  the  city 
schools  of  El  Dorado,  Kan.  She  has  been 
editor  of  several  prominent  periodicals  in 
various  states,  and  has  published  one  vol 
ume  of  poems. 

HAZELTINE,  ABNER,  congressman. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  as 
sembly  in  1829  and  1830;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1833  to  1837. 

HAZELTINE,  IRA  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  13,  1821,  in 
Andover,  Vt.  He  was  commissioned  a 
colonel  of  state  troops  in  1852.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1867.  In  1870  he  removed  to 
Missouri  and  engaged  in  agricultural  pur 
suits;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  forty-seventh  con 
gress. 

HAZELTINE,  MAYO  WILLIAMSON, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1841  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  New  York  jour 
nalist,  and  since  1878  the  literary  editor  of 
the  New  York  Sun.  He  is  the  author  of 
Chats  About  Books;  British  and  Ameri 
can  Education;  and  The  American  Wom 
an  in  Europe. 

HAZELTON,  GEORGE  C.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  3, 
1833,  in  Chester,  N.  H.  He  was  elected 
district  attorney  in  1864  and  re-elected  in 

1866.  He   was    elected    state   senator   in 

1867,  and  re-elected  in  1869.    He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the 
forty-fifth,   forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

HAZELTON,  GERRY  W.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  24, 
1829,  in  Chester,  N.  H.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Wisconsin  state  senate  in  1860, 
and  twice  chosen  president  pro  tern.  He 
was  elected  district  attorney  in  Columbia 
county;  was  appointed  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue  in  1866,  and  removed;  and 
was  appointed  United  States  attorney  for 
the  district  of  Wisconsin  in  1869.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


467 


HAZELTON,  JOHN  W.,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1819,  in 
Mullica  Hill,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty- 
second  and  forty-third  congresses  as  a 

^HAZSJLWOOD,  JOHN,  naval  officer,  was 
born  about  1726  in  England.  In  1772  he 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  St.  George 
society  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  The  con 
tinental  vessels  in  the  Delaware  river 
were  put  under  his  command.  He  at 
tained  the  rank  of  commodore  in  the 
Pennsylvania  navy.  The  artist  and  pa 
triot,  Charles  Wilson  Peale,  thought 
Hazelwood  worthy  for  his  collection  of 
American  heroes,  and  the  picture  of  him 
painted  by  Peale  was  afterward  pur 
chased  by  the  city  of  Philadelphia  and 
placed  in  Independence  hall.  He  died 
March  1,  1800,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HAZEN,  HENRY  ALLEN,  clergyman, 
author  was  born  Dec.  27,  1832,  in  Hart 
ford  Vt.  He  attended  the  Kimball  Union 
academy,  Dartmouth 
college,  and  Andover 
Theological  s  e  m  1- 
nary.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  congrega- 
t  i  o  n  a  1  clergyman, 
and  has  filled  pas 
torates  in  Plymouth, 
Lyme,  Mansfield  and 
Bellerica,  Mass.;  and 
is  now  located  in 
Auburndale,  Mass. 
Since  1883  he  has 
been  secretary  of  the 


national    council    of    the    congregational 
churches,  and  editor  of  its  Year  Book, 
has   also   been   secretary   of   the   General 
association  of  Massachusetts  since 
and    of   the   international   congregational 
council  in  London  in  1891.    He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  History  of  Bellerica,  with  gene- 

HlHAZEN,  LUCIUS  DOWNER,  manufac 
turer,  banker,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan. 
19    1834,   in   Hartford,  Vt.     During  1 
88     he     served     as     a     member     of 
Vermont  house   of   representatives; 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  i: 
The  same  year  he  was  appointed  directc 
of  the  state  prison  and  house  of  corn 
tion,  and  in  1896  received  the  reappoint- 
ment  for  six  years.    He  is  president  of  the 
Merchants'   National   bank   of  St.  Johns 
bury. 

HAZEN,  MOSES,   soldier,   was  born  in 
1733  in  Haverhill,  Mass.     He  was  in  t 
service  during  the  entire  war,  being  made 
brigadier-general   on   June  29,   1781. 
died  Jan.  30,  1802,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

HAZEN,  WILLIAM  BABCOCK,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1830,  in  West 
Hartford,  Vt.  He  was  a  general  in  the 
federal  army  during  the  civil  war,  and 
from  1880  chief  officer  of  the  signal  ser 
vice  He  was  the  author  of  The  School 
and 'the  Army  in  Germany  and  France; 
Barren  Lands  in  the  Interior  of  the  United 
States-  and  A  Narrative  of  Military  Ser 
vice.  He  died  Jan.  16,  1887,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

HAZLETT,  ALBERT  LESTER,  clergy 
man    was  born  July  1,   1864,   in   Hazlet, 
N   J     He  has  attained  eminence  as  a  si 
cessful   clergyman;     and    has   filled    pas 
torates  in  Farmington,   Ohio;     Magnolia, 
N   J  •    and  is  now  pastor  of  the  methodis 
episcopal  church  of  McCracken,  Kan.    He 
has  filled  various  positions   of   honor  in 
the  gift  of  his  church. 

HAZZARD,  DAVID,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Delaware  from  1830  to  1833. 

HEAD,  FRANKLIN  H.,  author,  was 
born  in  1835  in  New  York.  He  is  a  Chi 
cago  writer  who  has  published  Shakes 
peare's  Insomnia  and  the  Causes  Thereof, 
an  ingenious  burlesque. 


HEAD    H.  C.,  merchant,  public  official, 

legislator,  was  born  in  1849  in  Hooksett, 

N   H     He  graduated  from  the  Manchester 

high  school,   and   in 

1878   moved  to  Min- 

fnesota.  He  engaged 
in  general  merchan 
dise,  milling  and  the 
lumbering  business 
in  Princeton,  Minn., 
retiring  from  active 
business  in  1894.  For 
nine  years  succes 
sively  he  was  court 
commissioner  for  his 
district;  was  city 
clerk  for  an  equal 

period;  and  for  four  years  was  postmaster 
at  Princeton.  In  1896  he  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the  Minnesota  state  leg 
islature,  and  took  an  active  part  on  sev 
eral  important  committees. 

HEAD,  JAMES  BUTLER,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1846,  in  Clinton, 
Ala.  He  has  served  as  judge  of  the  tenth 
judicial  circuit  of  Alabama,  and  as  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  that 
state. 

HEAD,  NATT,  manufacturer,  state  sen 
ator,  governor,  was  born  May  20,  1828,  in 
Hooksett,  N.  H.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  in  1861  and  1862. 
He  was  adjutant-general,  inspector-gen 
eral,  and  quartermaster-general  of  the 
state  from  1863  to  1870,  rendering  most 
efficient  service.  He  was  defeated  for 
the  state  senate  in  1875;  was  state  sen 
ator  in  1876  and  1877;  and  was  president 
of  the  senate  in  the  latter  year.  He  was 
governor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1878  to 
1880.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1883,  in  Hooksett, 
N.  H. 

HEADE,  MARTIN  JOHNSON,  artist, 
was  born  in  Bucks  county,  Pa,  He  has 
painted  many  western  and  tropical  scenes, 
also  views  on  the  Hudson  and  the  Massa 
chusetts  coast,  which  are  characterized  by 
rich  effects  of  color  and  light,  and  by 
poetic  sentiment. 

HEADLEY,  JOEL  TYLER,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  30,  1813,  in  Walton,  NY.  He 
was  an  historical  writer  of  Newburg,  N 
Y  He  was  the  author  of  Napoleon  and 
His  Marshals;  The  Old  Guard  of  Napol 
eon-  Life  of  Oliver  Cromwell;  The  Great 
Rebellion;  Sacred  Scenes  and  Characters; 
Washington  and  His  Generals;  Life  of 
Washington;  Grant  and  Sherman-  Life 
of  General  Grant;  Life  of  Havelock, 
Achievements  of  Stanley  and  Other  Ex 
plorers;  The  Adirondacks,  or  Life  in  the 
Woods;  Farragut  and  Our  Naval  Com 
manders;  Chaplains  o£  the  Revolution; 
Sacred  Heroes  and  Martyrs;  Letters  from 
Italy  and  the  Alps;  and  The  Second  War 
with  England.  He  died  in  1897. 

HEADLEY,  PHINEAS  CAMP,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  24,  1819,  n 
Walton,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  congregational 
dtergyman;  and  the  author  of  Women  of 
the  BiMe;  The  Island  of  Fire;  Young 
Folks'  Heroes  of  the  Rebellion;  Lives  of 
Josephine,  Lafayette,  Napoleon,  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots;  Half-Hours  in  Bible 
Lands;  and  Evangelists  in  the  Church. 

HEALD,  CHARLES  MERCER,  railroad 
president,  was  born  July  5,  1849  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  In  1889  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  New  York,  Susquehanna  and 
Western  Railroad  company. 

HEALION,  MICHAEL  C.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1856,  in  Ireland 
Since  May  1895,  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Mason  City  and  Fort  Dodge  railroad. 
HEALY,  GEORGE  PETER  ALEXAN 
DER  artist,  was  born  July  15,  1813,  in 
Boston  Mass.  At  the  Paris  International 
exhibition  in  1855  he  exhibited  a  series 


of  thirteen  portraits  and  a  large  picture 
representing  Franklin  urging  the  claims 
of  the  American  colonies  before  Louis 
XVI. 


HEALY,  JAMES  AUGUSTINE,  Roman 
catholic  bishop,  was  born  in  1830  near 
Macon,  Ga.  He  was  consecrated  bishop  of 
Portland  in  1875.  He  founded  various 
convents. 

HEALY,  JOHN  PLUMMER,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1810,  in 
Washington,  N.  H.  In  1840  he  was  elected 
to  the  lower  house  of  the  Massachusetts 
legislature,  serving  several  terms,  and  in 
1854  he  entered  the  state  senate.  From 
1856  till  the  close  of  his  life  he  was  solicit 
or  of  the  city  of  Boston.  He  died  Jan.  4, 
1882,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

HEALY,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1776  in  Cheshire,  N.  H.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1825  to  1829;  and  was 
also  a  state  counselor  from  1829  to 
1832,  and  state  senator  in  1824.  He  died 
Oct.  10,  1861,  in  Washington,  N.  H. 

HEALY,  MARY,  author.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  Lakeville;  Storm  Driven;  and 
other  novels. 

HEAP,  DAVID  PORTER,  civil  engineer, 
author,  was  born  March  24,  1843,  in  Tur 
key.  He  is  a  major  of  engineers  in  gov 
ernment  service;  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  Application  of  Electr.ic  Light  to 
the  Courts  of  France;  Ancient  and  Mod 
ern  Lights;  and  Electrical  Appliances  of 
the  Present  Day. 

HEAP,  GWYNN  HARRIS,  diplomat,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  23,  1817,  in  Chester, 
Pa.  He  was  a  diplomatist  who  was  con 
sul-general  at  Constantinople  from  1878. 
He  published  Central  Route  to  the  Pacific. 
He  died  March  6,  1887,  in  Constantinople, 
Turkey. 

HEARD,  FRANKLIN  FISKE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1825,  in  Way- 
land,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  lawyer  who 
was  a  high  authority  on  pleading;  and 
the  author  of  Criminal  Law;  Criminal 
Pleading;  Civil  Pleading;  Shakespeare 
as  a  Lawyer;  Libel  and  Slander;  Lead 
ing  Cases  in  Criminal  Law  (with  E.  H. 
Bennett) ;  Curiosities  of  the  Law  Re 
porters;  Oddities  of  the  Law;  Prece 
dents  of  Equity  Pleadings;  and  Prece 
dents  of  Pleading  in  Special  Actions. 

HEARD,  JOHN  T.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1840, 
in  Georgetown,  Mo.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  of  Missouri  in  1872;  and 
in  1861  was  elected,  without  opposition, 
a  state  senator,  and  served  four  years.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first, 
fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

HEARD,  JOSEPHINE  HENDERSON, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1861,  in 
Charlotte,  N.  C.  She  has  written  ex 
tensively  for  the  periodical  press;  has 
published  a  volume  of  poems;  and  is  the 
secretary  of  the  National  Press  associa 
tion.  Mrs.  Heard  is  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
William  Henry  Heard,  United  States  min 
ister  to  Liberia,  Africa. 

HEARD,  STEPHEN,  jurist,  governor, 
was  born  in  Ireland.  In  1871  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Georgia;  and  in  1872 
was  chief  justice  of  the  inferior  court  and 
a  trustee  of  the  academy  in  Washington. 
He  died  Nov.  15,  1875,  in  Wilkes  county, 
Ga. 

HEARD,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  May  14,  1814,  in 
Morgan  county,  Ga.  He  exerted  his  influ 
ence  to  modify  the  treatment  of  malarial 
fevers  in  the  southwest,  and  introduced 
into  Texas  the  treatment  by  quinine,  op 
iates,  ammonia,  and  salts,  in  the  place  of 
bleeding,  purgatives,  and  mercury. 


4<>8 


IIKKKI.N<;SIIA\VS      |.:XCYCI.()I'K1>IA     OK     AMKHICAN      B1OGRA1MIV. 


HEARD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  educator. 
<-lergyman,  was  born  June  24.  1849,  in  El- 
l>erton.  Ga.  He  has  attained  success  as 
an  educator  and  clergyman.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  South  Carolina  uni 
versity  and  at  the  Georgia  university. 
He  is  now  serving  as  United  States  minis 
ter  resident  and  consul-general  to  Mon- 
ravia.  Liberia.  Africa. 

HEARN.  LAFCADIO,  author,  was  born 
June  27,  1850.  in  the  Ionian  islands.  He 
is  a  writer  of  Irish  and  Greek  parentage 
long  a  resident  of  New  Orleans,  later  of 
New  York  city,  and  more  recently  of 
japan.  He  in  the  author  of  Stray  Leaves 
from  Strange  Literature;  Some  Chinese 
Ghosts;  Chita;  Two  Years  in  the  French 
West  Indies;  Youma.  the  Story  of  a 
West  Indian  Slave;  Glimpses  of  Unfa 
miliar  Japan;  Out  of  the  East;  Reveries 
and  Studies  in  New  Japan;  Kokoro;  and 
Hints  and  Echoes  of  Japanese  Inner  Life. 

HEARST  GEORGE  F.,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  3.  1820.  in  Mis 
souri.  He  discovered  the  value  of  black- 
stone  ore  from  assays;  invested  his  capi 
tal  in  the  Ophir  mine,  and  in  five  years 
was  a  millionaire.  He  founded  the  San 
Francisco  Daily  Examiner,  one  of  the 
best-known  papers  in  the  United  States. 
He  was  elected  United  States  senator  in 
1887.  He  died  March  1.  1891,  in  San  Fran 
cisco.  Cal. 

HEATH,  MRS.  CLARA  B.,  poet,  was 
born  in  Manchester.  N.  H.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Water 
Lilies  and  Other  Poems;  and  also  a 
brochure  entitled  Patrick  Henry's  Ride. 

HEATH,  JAMES  E.,  public  official,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  In  1850  he  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  of  pensions,  hold 
ing  the  office  until  1853. 

HEATH,  JAMES  P..  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1777,  in  Delaware. 
He  was  register  in  chancery  at  Annapolis 
at  the  commencement  of  the  war  of  1812; 
and  served  through  the  whole  war  as  aid- 
de-camp  to  General  Winder.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1833  to  1835.  He  died  June  12,  1854, 
in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

HEATH,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1793  to  1797. 

HEATH.  LYMAN,  musician,  composer, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1804.  in  Bow,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  teacher  of  music  and  the  author 
of  a  number  of  songs  that  attained  a  wide 
popularity.  He  died  June  30.  1870,  in 
Nashua.  N.  H. 

HEATH,  SIDNEY  MOOR,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1859,  in  Water- 
ville,  Maine.  He  subsequently  went  west, 
and  in  1897  became  a  member  of  the 
Washington  state  legislature  from  the 
twenty-eighth  district. 

HEATH,  UPTON  S.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  for  many 
years  United  States  judge  of  the  district 
of  Maryland. 

HEATH.  WILLIAM,  soldier,  statesman, 
was  born  March  7,  1737,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Massachu 
setts  legislature  in  1761  and  1771-74.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  committee  of  safety; 
and  a  delegate  to  the  provincial  congress  in 
1774-75.  He  rendered  great  service  in 
i  lie  revolutionary  war,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  major-general  in  the  army.  He 
was  ;i  state  senator  in  1791-92;  and  judge 
of  probate  in  1793.  He  published  a  vol 
ume  of  Memoirs.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1814, 
in  Roxbury,  Mass. 

HEATHCOTE,  CALEB,  merchant.  was 
born  March  6,  1665,  in  England.  He  was 
the  organizer  of  the  borough  town  of 
Wrstehester.  and  its  first  mayor.  Ho  was 


the   first    judge   of   the   county   of   West- 
chester,  and  colonel   of  its  militia. 

HEATON,  DAVID,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  March  10, 
1823.  in  Butler  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  senate.  In  1857  he  re 
moved  to  Minnesota;  was  elected  to  the 
senate  of  that  state  and  was  twice  re- 
elected.  In  1863  he  removed  to  New  Berne. 
N.  C.,  where  he  held  a  position  under  the 
treasury  department.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  fortieth  congress:  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-first  congress.  He 
died  June  25,  1870.  in  Washington.  D.  C. 

HEATWOLE.  JOEL   PRESCOTT,   edit 
or      legislator,    congressman,     was    born 
\u'g   22,  1856,  in  Waterford.  Ind.     He  was 
regent  of  the  Minne 
sota      university      in 
1891-97       and       also 
served   as    mayor   of 
Northfleld     in     1894- 
95.     He  was  a  mem 
ber     of      the      fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
*"•  congresses,  and  took 

an  active  part  in  the 
deliberations  of  that 
body.  Since  settling 
in  Minnesota  in  1882 
he  has  been  active  in 
the  political  affairs  of  that  state. 

HEBARD,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Con 
necticut.  He  settled  in  Vermont;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1849  to  1853.  He 
was  judge  of  the  supreme  court  from  1842 
lo  1S45;  and  judge  of  probate  for  seven 
years.  He  served  seven  years  in  the  two 
houses  of  the  legislature;  and  was  two 
years  attorney  for  Orange  county. 

HEBBARD.  STEPHEN  SOUTHWICK. 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1841.  He 
is  a  universalist  clergyman;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Secret  of  Christianity;  and 
History  of  Wisconsin  under  the  Dominion 
of  France. 

HEBERLING.  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  in 
ventor,  writer,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1847.  in 
Martin's  Ferry,  Ohio.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  inventor;  and  has  written 
extensively  on  reform  subjects. 

HEBERT.  JOSEPH  GUY.  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1870,  in 
West  Baton  Rouge,  La.  He  attended 
select  and  private  schools  in  his  own 
parish,  and  in  1889  graduated  from  the 
Harper,  Kan.,  Normal  school.  He  then 
engaged  in  educational  work  for  several 
years,  and  in  1892  graduated  from  the  Tu- 
lane  university  law  school.  He  has  served 
as  justice  of  the  peace  in  Plaquemine, 
La. ;  and  filled  various  other  public  posi- 
tiefls  of  honor. 

HEBERT,  PAUL  OCTAVE,  was  born 
Nov.  12,  1818,  in  Louisiana,  and  was  the 
twelfth  governor  of  that  state.  He  died 
Apl-il  20,  1880. 

HECKER,  ISAAC  THOMAS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1819,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  Roman  catholic 
clergyman  who  in  early  life  was  one  of 
the  noted  Brook  Farm  community.  Be 
coming  a  Roman  catholic  he  founded  the 
Order  of  the  Paulists  in  1858.  In  1865  he 
established  The  Catholic  World,  of  which 
he  remained  the  editor  till  his  death.  He 
was  the  author  of  Questions  of  the  Soul; 
Aspirations  of  Nature;  Catholicity  in  the 
United  States;  Catholics  and  Protestants 
Agreeing  on  the  School  Question;  and 
The  Church  and  the  Age.  He  died  Dec. 
22,  1888,  in  New  York  city. 

HECKMAN,  CHARLES  ADAM,  soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1822,  in  Easton,  Pa.  In 
18f>2  he  was  made  brigadier-general  of  vol 
unteers. 


HECKMAN,  GEORGE  C.,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1825. 
in  Easton,  Pa.  He  has  filled  several  pas 
torates  in  the  presbyterian  churches  of 
Indiana  and  New  York;  and  from  1870- 
79  was  president  of  Hanover  college. 

HEDDAEUS,  JOHN,  educator,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  April  15,  1847,  In 
Germany.  He  is  a  teacher  of  modern 
languages,  and  engaged  at  the  military 
academy  in  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  Lord  Lively. 

HEDDINGS.  ELIJAH,  clergyman,  bish 
op,  was  born  June  7,  1780,  in  Pine 
Plains,  N.  Y.  At  the  general  conference 
in  1824  he  was  elevated  to  the  office  of 
bishop  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church. 
He  died  April  9.  1852.  in  Poughkeepsie, 
X  Y. 

HEDGE,  FREDERIC  HENRY,  educat 
or,  author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1805,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman,  and  professor  of  German  lan 
guage  and  literature  at  Harvard  univer 
sity  in  1872-81.  He  was  the  author  of 
Reason  in  Religion;  The  Primeval  World 
of  Hebrew  Tradition;  A  Christian  Lit 
urgy;  Prose  Writers  of  Germany;  Ways 
of  the  Spirit  and  Other  Essays;  Atheism 
in  Philosophy;  Sermons;  Hours  with 
German  Classics;  Martin  Luther  and 
Other  Essays;  and  Metrical  Translations 
and  Poems.  He  died  Aug.  21,  1890.  in 
Cambridge.  Mass. 

HEDGE,  LEVI.  educator,  author,  was 
born  April  19,  1766,  in  Hardwick,  Mass. 
He  was  an  educator  of  Massachusetts, 
professor  of  logic  in  Harvard  university 
in  1810-27,  and  author  of  A  System  of 
Logic.  He  died  Jan.  3,  1844,  in  Cambridge. 
Mass. 

HEDGES,  CORNELIUS,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1831,  in 
Westfield,  Mass.  He  has  been  United 
States  attorney,  superintendent  of  public 
instruction,  probate  judge,  and  a  member 
of  the  Montana  state  senate. 

HEFFKRNEN.  JOHN,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1856,  in  Aurora. 
N.  Y.  He  took  a  classical  course  in  St. 
Joseph's  college  of  Dubuque,  Iowa;  and 
graduated  in  medicine  from  the  Long 
Island  college  hospital  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  prominent  physician  and  sur 
geon  of  Cascade,  Iowa:  and  has  been 
president  and  secretary  of  various  medi 
cal  bodies. 

HEFLIN,  ROBERT  STELL.  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
April  15,  1815,  in  Madison,  Ga.  He  served 
in  the  Creek  war  in  1836;  and  was  elected 
clerk  of  the  superior  court  of  Fayette 
county  in  1836,  and  re-elected  in  1838. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in 
1840  and  1841.  He  moved  to  Randolph 
county,  Ga..  in  1844;  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  in  1849  and  I860.  He  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  probate  in  1865,  and  sub 
sequently  elected  to  that  office,  which  he 
held  until  the  state  was  admitted  into  the 
union.  He  was  a  republican  elector;  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

HEGEMAN,  EMMET  I).  C..  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  May  23,  1859,  in  Avon.  111. 
After  receiving  his  education  at  the  Mil- 
ford  Classical  and 
Collegiate  seminary 
he  entered  the  pro 
fession  of  journal 
ism,  and  is  now  the 
editor  and  owner  of 
the  Gazette  of  Lau 
rel,  Del.  He  has 
written  extensively 
both  prose  and  verse 
for  the  periodical 
press:  and  his  poems 
have  appeared  in 
Poets  of  America, 
and  other  standard  works. 


IIKKKINOSIIAWS     KNCYCI.orKDIA    OK     AMKK1CAN      BIOGRAPHY. 


HE1GES.  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  May  18,  1842,  in  Dillsburg. 
Pa.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Cumberland  Valley 
Normal  school  of 
Newville,  Pa.;  the 
normal  school  of  his 

V  native       city:        the 

York  County  acad 
emy;  and  from  pri 
vate  tutors  in 
French  and  German. 
Since  1867  he  has 
been  a  member  of 
the  York  bar.  and 
a  member  of  the 
bars  of  the  supreme 
and  superior  courts  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
1873-74  he  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  house  of  representatives;  and  in 
1885-86  was  the  last  chief  burgess  of  York 
borough.  In  1891  he  was  one  of  the  four 
delegates  from  his  county  to  the  consti 
tutional  convention. 

HEILMAN,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
11,  1824.  in  Germany.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Indiana  state  legislature 
in  1870;  and  was  a  state  senator  in  1876. 
He  resigned  his  seat  in  the  state  senate 
in  1879,  having  been  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Indiana  to  the  forty-sixth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
seventh  congress  as  a  republican. 

HEILPRIN,  ANGELO,  naturalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  31,  1853.  in  Hun 
gary.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  naturalist  and 
artist,  and  has  been  professor  of  geology 
at  Wagner  Free  institute  since  1885.  He 
is  the  author  of  Contributions  to  the  Ter 
tiary  Geology  and  Palaeontology  of  the 
United  States;  Town  Geology,  the  Les 
son  of  the  Philadelphia  Rocks;  Geo 
graphical  and  Geological  Distribution  of 
Animals:  Explorations  on  the  West  Coast 
of  Florida;  Animal  Life  of  Our  Seashore; 
Geological  Evidences  of  Evolution:  and 
The  Arctic  Problem. 

HEILPRIN.  LOUIS,  author,  was  born 
July  2.  1851,  in  Hungary.  He  is  a  writer 
of  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of 
The  Story  of  Hungary  (with  A.  Vam- 
bery);  Historical  Reference  Book;  and 
Chronological  Table  of  Universal  History. 
HEILPRIN,  MICHAEL,  author,  was 
born  in  1823  in  Poland.  He  was  a  Polish 
refugee  and  scholar  who  supported  Kos- 
suth  in  Hungary  in  1848.  and  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1850.  He  published  His 
torical  Poetry  of  the  Hebrews  Critically 
Examined.  He  died  May  10.  1888,  in 
Summit.  N.  J. 

HEINER,  DANIEL  BROADHEAD,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1854, 
in  Kittanning.  Pa.  He  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Pennsylvania  in  1885  and 
re-elected  in  1888;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

HEINIGER.  JOHANNES,  educator, 
clergyman,  lecturer,  was  born  Dec.  31, 
1843,  in  Switzerland.  He  is  the  popular 
pastoi  of  the  First 
Evangelical  church 
of  Jersey  City,  N.  J.; 
and  the  editor  of 
Zions  Biene,  a  relig 
ious  publication.  He 
has  filled  pastorates 
in  several  large 
churches;  has  been 
president  of  the 
evangelical  Lutheran 
Augsburg  synod,  and 
president  of  the  Im- 
manuel's  synod  of 
the  evangelical  Lutheran  church  of  North 
America.  He  has  also  been  engaged  in 
educational  work  and  has  filled  a  chair  in 
the  Western  university  of  St.  Louis.  Mo. 


HEINTZELMAN,  SAMUEL  PETER, 
soldier,  was  born  Sept.  30.  1805,  in  Man- 
heim.  Pa.  He  served  with  distinction 
through  the  Mexican 
war.  He  subse 
quently  established 
Fort  Yuma  in  Cali 
fornia,  and  was  suc 
cessfully  engaged  in 
suppressing  the  In- 

'^^£j^H  <li;m>.  lie  ;i!so  served 
I  with  distinction  in 
the  civil  war,  and 
was  brevetted  major- 
general  in  the  United 
States  army.  After 
the  civil  war  he  filled 
numerous  public  positions  of  honor;  and 
has  contributed  valuable  articles  to  cur- 
vent  literature. 

HE1STER,  DANIEL,  congressman.  He 
succeeded  his  father  in  congress;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  eleventh  congress. 

HEISTER,  DANIEL,  soldier,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Berks  county. 
Pa.  He  was  colonel,  and  afterward  briga 
dier-general  of  the  militia,  and  in  service. 
In  1784  he  was  elected  to  the  supreme 
executive  council  of  Pennsylvania;  and 
in  1787  was  appointed  a  commissioner  of 
the  Connecticut  land  claims.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first,  second,  third  and 
fourth  congresses  from  Pennsylvania. 
After  this  he  removed  to  Hagerstown, 
Md.;  and  was  elected  from  that  state  a 
member  of  the  seventh  and  eighth  con 
gresses.  He  died  March  8,  1804,  in  Wash 
ington. 

HEISTER.  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  April  9.  1746.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  tenth  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
He  died  Oct.  15,  1821. 

HEISTER,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  statesman, 
was  born  Nov.  18,  1752,  in  Bern  town 
ship.  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  con 
vention  which  framed  the  constitution  of 
1776:  served  five  years  in  the  house  and 
four  in  the  senate  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  a  member  from  Pennsylvania  of  the 
fifth,  sixth,  seventh,  eighth  and  ninth 
congresses.  In  1807  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  two  major-generals  to  command 
the  Pennsylvania  contingent,  called  for 
by  the  president.  After  this  he  retired 
from  public  life,  but  in  1814  his  old  con 
stituency  of  Berks  again  elected  him  to 
the  fourteenth  congress,  and  re-elected 
him  to  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  coi- 
gresses.  In  1817  he  ran  for  governor  un 
successfully,  but  three  years  afterward 
was  elected,  and  served  in  that  office  until 
1823.  He  died  June  10.  1832,  in  Reading. 

HEISTER,  WILLIAM,  farmer, congress 
man,  was  born  in  Bern  township,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  twenty-third 
and  twenty-fourth  congresses  of  Pennsyl 
vania 

HEITFELD.  HENRY,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1859,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  removed  to  Seneca,  Kan., 
at  the  age  of  eleven 
years,  where  he  con 
tinued  to  reside  till 
the  year  1882,  in 
which  year  he  emi 
grated  to  the  state 
of  Washington:  lo 
cated  in  Idaho  in 
1883,  where  he  has 
been  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock 
raising  since.  He 
was  elected  state 
senator  in  1894  and 
re-elected  in  1896;  was  elected  United 
States  senator,  as  a  populist,  Jan.  28,  1897; 
took  his  seat  March  4.  1897.  His  term  of 
service  will  expire  March  3.  1903. 


HEITMAN,  F.  B.,  author.  He  is  the 
author  of  Historical  Register  of  the 
United  States  Army,  and  Historical  Regis 
ter  of  the  Officers  of  the  Continental 
Army,  both  of  which  are  valuable  works 
of  historical  reference. 

HEITMAN,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  educat 
or,  college  president,  was  born  Nov.  1, 
1857,  in  York,  Pa.  He  accepted  the  call 
to  become  president  of  Trinity  college. 
North  Carolina,  and  still  occupies  that 
position  with  the  chair  of  political  and 
social  science. 

HEITZMAN,  CHARLES,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1836,  in  Hungary. 
He  is  a  physician  who  came  to  New  York 
city  from  Vienna  in  1874,  and  is  of  prom 
inence  as  a  dermatologist.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Chirurgische  Pathologie  und  Ther- 
apie;  Descriptive  and  Topographical 
Anatomy  of  Man;  and  Microscopic 
Morphology  of  the  Animal  Body. 

HELFENSTE1N,  JOHN  CONRAD  AL 
BERT,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
16,  1748,  in  Germany.  In  1772  he  took 
charge  of  a  congregation  in  Gennantown. 
and  was  one  of  the  fathers  of  the  Ger 
man  reformed  church  in  this  country. 
Several  small  volumes  of  his  sermons 
have  been  published.  He  died  May  17, 
1790,  in  Germantown.  Pa. 

HELFINSTINE,  DAVID  M.,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  April  14,  1852, 
in  Clark  county,  Ohio.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Parson's  college  of  Fair- 
field.  Iowa;  and  attended  the  McCormick 
Theological  seminary  of  Chicago.  He  has 
been  state  evangelist  for  the  Christian 
church,  and  treasurer  of  the  Church  Ex 
tension  society.  He  has  attained  success 
as  a  clergyman;  and  is  now  the  presi 
dent  of  Palmer  college  of  La  Grand,  Iowa. 

HELLER,  DANIEL  D.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  March  29.  1839,  in  Harrison 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the 
twenty-sixth  judicial  circuit  court  of  In 
diana,  and  received  the  re-election  for  a 
second  term  of  six  years. 

HELM,  BEN  HARDIN,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  1830  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  Ky.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature  in  1855-56,  and  common 
wealth  attorney  for  the  third  district  of 
Kentucky  from  1856  till  1858.  In  1861  he 
joined  the  confederate  army,  and  was 
made  brigadier-general  in  1862.  He  died 
Sept.  21,  1863.  in  Georgia. 

HELM.  JOHN  LARUE,  legislator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  July  4,  1802,  in  Hardin 
county,  Ky.  He  was  made  county  attor 
ney  of  his  county;  in  1826  was  elected  to 
the  house  of  representatives  of  the  state, 
and  was  a  member  of  that  body  eleven 
years.  He  was  elected  state  senator  from 
1844  to  1848,  and  from  1865  to  1869;  and 
resigned  in  1867  to  run  for  governor.  He 
presided  in  the  legislature  seven  years; 
was  elected  lieutenant-governor  in  1848; 
and  was  governor  from  1850  to  1852.  In 
1854  he  was  made  president  of  the  Louis 
ville  and  Nashville  railroad.  He  died 
Sept.  8,  1867.  in  Elizabethtown,  Ky. 

HELMAN,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  cler 
gyman,  lecturer,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1862. 
in  Red  Haw,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from 
the  Baldwin  university  of  Berea,  Ohio, 
from  which  institution  he  received  the  de 
gree  of  A.  B.  He  has  attained  eminence 
as  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  method- 
ist  episcopal  church:  has  filled  several 
pastorates  in  Ohio;  and  now  fills  a  pas 
torate  in  his  church  at  Hailey,  Idaho. 

HELMICK,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1817,  in  Jef 
ferson  county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a 
prosecuting  attorney;  and  in  1858  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress. 


470 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPKD1A    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HELMS,  EUGENE  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  April  2,  1859,  in  Salem,  Wis. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  graduated  from  the  law 
school  of  the  state  university  of  Wiscon 
sin.  In  1893-96  he  was  district  attorney 
of  St.  Croix  county,  \Vis.;  and  from  Jan. 
1,  1897,  he  commenced  serving  as  cir 
cuit  judge  of  the  eighth  judicial  circuit 
of  Wisconsin. 

HELMS,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  congress 
man.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  revolution 
ary  army;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  Jersey,  from  1801  to 
1811.  He  died  in  Tennessee. 

HELMUTH,  JUSTUS  CHRISTIAN 
HENRY,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
May  16,  1745,  in  Germany.  He  was  a 
Lutheran  clergyman  who  came  to  Amer 
ica  in  1769,  and  was  pastor  of  St.  Mich 
ael's  Lutheran  church  in  Philadelphia  in 
1779-1820,  and  for  eighteen  years  professor 
of  languages  in  the  university  of  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  the  author  of  Taufe 
und  heilige  Schrift;  Unterhalten  mit 
Gott;  and  Geistliche  Lieder.  He  died 
Feb.  5,  1825,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HELMUTH,  WILLIAM  TOD,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  in  1833,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  surgeon  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Treatise  on  Diphtheria;  Medi 
cal  Pomposity;  System  of  Surgery; 
Scratches  of  a  Surgeon;  Suprapubic  Lith 
otomy;  and  With  the  Pousse  Caf6,  post 
prandial  verses. 

HELPER,  HINTON  ROWAN,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  27,  1829,  near  Mocksville, 
N.  C.  He  is  a  southern  writer  long  resi 
dent  in  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of 
The  Impending  Crisis  of  the  South,  a 'once 
famous  work,  which  appeared  shortly  be 
fore  the  opening  of  the  civil  war;  No- 
joque;  The  Negroes  in  Negroland;  The 
Land  of  Gold;  Oddments  of  Andean  Di 
plomacy;  and  the  Three  Americas  Rail 
way. 

HEMBEL,  WILLIAM,  physician,  was 
born  Sept.  24,  1764,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  practiced  gratuitously  for  many  years 
among  the  poor  of  Philadelphia,  and  was 
noted  for  benevolence.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
from  1840  till  1849.  He  died  June  19,  1851, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HEMENWAY,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  8,  1860,  in 
Boonville,  Ind.  In  1886  and  again  in  1888 
he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  the 
second  judicial  circuit  of  Indiana;  and  in 
1890  was  selected  as  the  member  of  the 
republican  state  committee  from  the  first 
district.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

HEMENWAY,  STACY,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1836,  in  La  Porte 
county,  Ind.  He  graduated  from  the  medi 
cal  department  of 
the  Lind  university, 
now  known  as  the 
Chicago  Medical 
university.  During 
the  civil  war  he  was 
assistant  surgeon  of 
the  ninth  cavalry  II- 
1  i  n  o  i  s  volunteers; 
then  became  surgeon 
of  the  forty-first 
United  States  col 
ored  troops;  and 
subsequently  was 
acting  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United 
States  army.  During  1871-74  he  was  resi 
dent  physician  to  the  hospital  for  the  in 
sane  of  Washington  territory;  was  a 
charter  member  of  the  Washington  State 
Medical  society;  and  is  prominently  iden 
tified  with  various  leading  medical  bodies 
In  America. 


HEMINGWAY,  WILSON  EDWIN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1854,  near 
Carrollton,  Miss.  He  is  now  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  Arkansas  at  Little 
Rock;  and  served  with  distinction  as 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Arkansas. 

HEMPEL,  CHARLES  JULIUS,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1811,  in 
Prussia.  He  was  a  physician  of  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.,  who  came  to  America  from 
Prussia  in  1835.  He  was  the  author  of 
Christendom  and  Civilization;  System  of 
Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics;  The 
Science  of  Homoeopathy;  Homoeopathic 
Theory  and  Practice  in  Surgical  Diseases 
(with  J.  Beakley);  True  Organization  of 
the  New  Church;  and  Life  of  Christ  (In 
German).  He  died  Sept.  25,  1879,  in  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich. 

HEMPHILL,  JOHN,  United  States  sen 
ator.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Texas  from  1859  until  that  state  seceded, 
when  he  became  identified  with  the  great 
rebellion;  and  was  expelled  from  the  sen 
ate  July  10,  1861.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1862,  in 
Richmond,  Va. 

HEMPHILL,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1849,  in  Ches 
ter,  S.  C.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1878  and  1880.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  forty-eighth  congress;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

HEMPHILL,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1770  in  Dela 
ware  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1801  to  1803,  again  from  1819  to  1827,  and 
from  1829  to  1831.  He  was  for  some  time 
judge  of  the  district  court  of  Philadelphia. 
He  died  May  29,  1842,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HEMPSTEAD,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  3,  1780,  in  New 
London,  Conn.  In  1806  he  was  appointed 
deputy  attorney-general  for  the  district 
of  St.  Louis  and  St.  Charles,  and  in  1809 
attorney-general  for  the  territory  of  Upper 
Louisiana,  which  office  he  held  until  1811. 
He  was  the  first  delegate  to  congress  from 
the  western  side  of  the  Mississippi  river, 
representing  Missouri  territory  from  1811 
to  1814.  After  his  service  in  congress  he 
went  upon  several  expeditions  against  the 
Indians;  was  elected  to  the  territorial  as 
sembly,  and  chosen  speaker.  He  died 
Aug.  10,  1817. 

HEMPSTEAD,  GAY,  lawyer,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1847,  in  Little 
Rock,  Ark.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  and 
lecturer,  and  grand  secretary  of  the  Free 
masons  for  the  state  of  Arkansas.  He  is 
the  author  of  Hempstead's  School  History 
of  Arkansas;  and  two  volumes  of  poems. 

HEMPSTEAD,  JUNIUS  L.,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  14,  1842,  in  Dubuque,  Iowa.  He 
is  the  son  of  the  late  Governor  Hemo- 
stead.  His  educat- 
tion  began  in  tHe 
public  schools,  and 
then  took  a  course  in 
St.  Charles  college, 
Mo.  Always  studi 
ous  and  fond  of  art, 
music  and  literature, 
when  a  youth  he 
secured  the  blue  rib 
bon  two  successive 
seasons  at  the  St. 
Louis  fair,  and  also 
two  premium  prizes 

of  seventy-five  and  one  hundred  dollars 
for  the  best  original  statues  in  marble. 
He  won  the  first  prize  offered  for  the  best 
original  statuette  in  marble  by  Dr.  Van 


Zandt.  It  was  carved  from  a  block  of 
Vermont  marble.  The  next  year  the  prize 
was  again  taken  by  him,  therefore  Dr. 
Van  Zandt  offered  to  send  him  to  Paris 
and  Italy,  defraying  all  expenses  for  six 
years,  but  the  offer  was  declined,  how 
ever,  and  he  was  sent  to  a  Virginia  col 
lege.  He  began  his  business  career  with 
bookkeeping,  but  for  years  past,  most  of 
his  time  has  been  given  over  to  literature. 
He  is  represented  as  a  poet  in  Golden 
Thoughts  of  American  Writers;  Poets  of 
America;  and  has  published  one  volume 
of  poems,  Parnassian  Niches. 

HEMPSTEAD,  STEPHEN,  governor. 
He  was  governor  of  Iowa  from  1850  to 
1854.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1883. 

HEMSLEY.  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1782  to  1784. 

HEMSTEGER,  J.  BONI,  journalist,  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1858,  in  Piqua,  Ohio.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  at 
the  St.  Boniface  Parochial  school;  and 
then  attended  the  St.  Mary's  college  of 
Dayton,  Ohio.  During  1878-94  he  was  ed 
itor  and  owner  of  The  Correspondent;  in 
1889  of  the  Daily  Democrat;  and  during 
1888-90  of  The  Post  of  Greenville,  Ohio. 
Since  1893  he  has  been  president  and 
manager  of  the  Correspondent  Show 
Printing  company  of  Piqua,  Ohio. 

HENCK,  JOHN  BENJAMIN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  November,  1816,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  professor  of 
engineering  in  the  Massachusetts  insti 
tute  of  Technology  in  1865-81,  and  the  au 
thor  of  a  Field  Book  for  Railway  En 
gineers. 

HENDEE,  GEORGE  WHITMAN,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1832,  in  Stowe,  Vt.  He 
was  prosecuting  attorney  in  1858;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  house  of  representatives 
in  1861  and  1862;  and  of  the  state  senate 
in  1866,  1867,  and  1868.  He  was  lieuten 
ant-governor  of  Vermont  in  1869;  was 
governor  in  1870;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third,  forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

HENDEE,  MRS.,  heroine,  was  born  in 
1754.  When  the  Indians  burned  Royalton, 
Vt.,  in  1776,  her  husband,  Joshua  Hendee. 
was  absent  in  a  Vermont  regiment,  and 
she  was  at  work  in  an  adjacent  field.  The 
Indians  entered  her  house,  seized  her  chil 
dren,  and  carried  them  across  White  river, 
where  it  was  a  hundred  yards  wide  and 
too  deep  for  fording.  Mrs.  Hendee  dashed 
into  the  river,  swam  and  waded  through, 
and,  entering  the  camp,  regardless  of  the 
tomahawks  that  were  nourished  about  her 
head,  demanded  her  children's  release, 
and  persevered  until  her  request  was 
granted.  She  carried  them  across  the 
stream,  landed  them  in  safety  on  the  other 
bank,  and,  returning  three  times  in  suc 
cession,  procured  the  release  of  fifteen 
children  belonging  to  her  neighbors.  On 
her  final  return  to  the  camp  the  Indians 
were  so  struck  with  her  courage  that  one 
of  them  declared  that  so  brave  a  squaw 
deserved  to  be  carried  across  the  stream, 
and  taking  her  on  his  back  swam  with  her 
to  the  place  where  the  rescued  children 
were  awaiting  her  return.  She  was  twen 
ty-two  years  old  when  she  performed  this 
feat,  and  in  1818  she  was  living  in  Sharon, 
Vt.,  with  her  third  husband,  whose  name 
was  Mosher.  It  is  thought  that  she  re 
moved  to  one  of  the  western  states  about 
1820. 

HENDEL,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  was 
born  about  1730,  in  Germany.  After  com 
pleting  his  theological  studies,  he  removed 
to  the  United  States  in  1764  and  became 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  German  re 
formed  church  in  this  country.  He  died 
Sept.  29,  1798,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


471 


HENDERSON,  ARCHIBALD,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1768,  in 
Granville  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  North  Caro 
lina  from  1799  to  1803;  and  was  subse 
quently  elected  to  the  general  assembly 
for  several  terms.  He  died  Oct.  21,  1822, 
in  Salisbury,  N.  C. 

HENDERSON,  ARCHIBALD,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1785  in  Virginia.  He  served 
in  the  war  of  1812  and  attained  the  rank 
of  major;  also  served  in  the  Florida  war 
and  received,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services,  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 
He  died  Jan.  27,  1837,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

HENDERSON,  BENNETT  H.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Tennessee  from  1815  to  1817. 

HENDERSON,  DAVID  BREMNER,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
March  14,  1840,  in  Scotland.  He  entered 
___^___^^_tj__  the  union  army  as  a 
private  in  1861  and 
served  with  distinc 
tion,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  colonel.  In 
1869-70  he  was  as 
sistant  United  States 
district  attorney; 
was  chairman  of  the 
Iowa  delegation  in 
the  republican  na 
tional  convention  of 
1880;  and  was  secre 
tary  of  the  republi 
can  congressional  committee  in  1882.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Iowa 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress;  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first, 
fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and 
fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He 
has  twice  presided  over  the  republican 
state  conventions  of  Iowa;  and  has  three 
times  served  as  chairman  of  his  delega 
tion  from  Iowa  to  the  national  republican 
conventions. 

HENDERSON,  ERNEST  PLAGG,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1861  in  New 
York.  He  is  an  instructor  in  Wellesley 
college,  and  the  author  of  A  History  of 
Germany  in  the  Middle  Ages;  Historical 
Documents  of  the  Middle  Ages;  and  col 
laborator  in  Larned's  History  for  Ready 
Reference. 

HENDERSON,  ISAAC,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1850  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  New  York  city  journalist  in  1872-81, 
who  has  since  lived  abroad.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Prelate;  and  Agatha  Page. 

HENDERSON,  JAMES  H.  D.,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  July  23,  1810, 
in  Salem,  Ky.  He  moved  to  Lane  county 
arid  settled  on  a  farm  two  or  three  miles 
south  of  Eugene  City,  Ore.  In  1864  he 
was  the  successful  candidate  of  the  repub 
lican  party  for  congressman  at  large  from 
the  state  of  Oregon  and  took  his  seat  in 
that  body  March  4,  1865.  He  died  in 
October,  1885,  in  Eugene  City,  Ore. 

HENDERSON,  JAMES  PINCKNEY, 
lawyer,  soldier,  statesman,  was  born 
March  31,  1808,  in  Lincoln  county,  N.  C. 
His  first  civil  office  was  that  of  attorney- 
general  of  the  republic  of  Texas,  having 
been  appointed  by  President  Houston  in 
1836.  In  1837  he  was  appointed  secretary 
of  state  of  the  republic,  and  soon  after 
ward  minister  plenipotentiary  to  England 
and  France.  In  1845  he  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  which  framed  the  consti 
tution  of  the  state  of  Texas,  and  in  No 
vember  of  the  same  year  was  elected 
governor  of  that  state.  When  the  Mexi 
can  war  broke  out  in  1846,  he  served 
six  months  as  major-general.  In  1857  he 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Texas.  He  died  June  4,  1858,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 


HENDERSON,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1795 
in  a  northern  state.  He  was  a  general  of 
militia  in  Mississippi,  and  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Mississippi  from  1839  to 
1845.  He  died  in  1857  in  Pass  Christian, 
Miss. 

HENDERSON,  JOHN  BROOKS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  16, 
1826,  near  Danville,  Va.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Missouri  state  legislature,  re-elected 
in  1856,  and  in  the  same  year  chosen  a 
presidential  elector,  and  also  in  1860.  On 
the  expulsion  of  Trusten  Polk  from  the 
United  States  senate,  he  was  appointed 
to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  in  1863  was  elected 
for  the  full  term  ending  in  1869. 

HENDERSON,  JOHN  H.  D.,  journalist, 
clergyman,  congressman,  was  born  July 
23,  1810,  in  Salem,  Ky.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Oregon  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

HENDERSON,  JOHN  OSCAR,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1847,  in  New  Lon 
don,  Ind.  Since  1876  he  has  been  the  edi 
tor  and  owner  of  the  Kokomo  Dispatch, 
Indiana.  He  was  appointed  collector  of 
internal  revenue  in  1885,  and  is  now  audi 
tor  of  state  for  the  state  of  Indiana. 

HENDERSON,  JOHN  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1846, 
in  Salisbury,  N.  C.  In  1864  he  entered 
the  confederate  army  and  served  as  a 
private  until  the  close  of  the  civil  war. 
In  1871  he  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention,  and  again 
in  1875,  and  in  1876  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  North  Carolina  state 
legislature.  In  1879  he  was  elected  a 
state  senator,  and  in  1880  was  a  delegate 
to  the  democratic  national  convention. 
In  1883  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  North  Carolina  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth, 
fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

HENDERSON,  JOSEPH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1833  to  1837. 

HENDERSON,  LEONARD,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1772,  in  Granville 
county,  N.  C.  In  1808  he  was  made  judge 
of  the  appellate  court;  in  1818  was  elected 
to  the  supreme  court  of  North  Carolina; 
and  in  1829  was  appointed  chief  justice. 
He  died  Aug.  13,  1833,  in  Williamsbor- 
ough,  N.  C. 

HENDERSON,  MRS.  MARY  FOOTE, 
author,  was  born  about  1835  in  New  York. 
She  is  a  writer  of  St.  Louis  who  organ 
ized  the  Industrial  Art  school  in  that 
city,  and  is  the  author  of  Practical  Cook 
ing  and  Dinner-Giving;  and  Diet  for  the 
Sick. 

HENDERSON.  MATTHEW,  missionary, 
was  born  in  1736  in  Scotland.  In  1782  he 
removed  to  Washington  county,  and  be 
came  pastor  of  the  Associate  Reformed 
church  of  Chartiers  and  Buffalo,  being  the 
only  clergyman  of  his  denomination  in 
that  portion  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died 
Oct.  2,  1795,  in  Washington  county,  Pa. 

HENDERSON,  PETER,  florist,  author, 
was  born  June  9,  1822,  in  Scotland.  In 
1865  he  engaged  in  the  seed  business  as 
Henderson  and  Fleming,  and  in  1871 
founded  the  now  famous  firm  of  Peter 
Henderson  and  Co.,  seedsmen  and  florists. 
He  wrote  much  on  horticulture  for  the 
newspaper  press  and  produced  several  val 
uable  books  on  gardening  and  flowers, 
entitled:  Gardening  for  Profit;  Practical 
Floriculture;  Gardening  for  Pleasure; 
Handbook  of  Plants;  How  the  Farm 
Pays;  and  Garden  and  Farm  Topics.  He 
died  Jan.  17,  1890,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 


HENDERSON,  RICHARD,  pioneer,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1734  in  Hanover 
county,  Va.  In  1769  he  was  appointed  as 
sociate  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
North  Carolina.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1785, 
in  Hillsborough,  N.  C. 

HENDERSON,  ROBERT  MILLER,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born 
March  11,  1827,  near  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Carlisle  in  1847, 
and  served  in  the  legislature  in  1851-63. 
In  1865  he  was  brevetted  colonel  and  brig 
adier-general  of  volunteers  for  services 
during  the  war.  In  1872  he  became  law 
judge  of  the  twelfth  judicial  district  of 
Pennsylvania,  served  ten  years,  and  was 
elected  president  judge  of  the  same  dis 
trict  in  1882. 

HENDERSON,  SAMUEL,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1814  to  1815  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 

HENDERSON,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1743  in  Free 
hold,  N.  J.  He  was  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas;  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1779  to  1780;  and 
was  a  representative  from  New  Jersey  in 
congress,  under  the  constitution,  from 
1795  to  1797.  He  was  also  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  that  state.  He  died  Dec.  15,  1824, 
in  Freehold,  N.  J. 

HENDERSON,  THOMAS  J.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  29, 
1824,  in  Brownsville,  Tenn.  In  1854  he 
was  elected  to  the  Illinois  state  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1856  was  chosen  a  senator, 
serving  four  years.  He  was  brevetted  » 
brigadier-general  in  1865  for  services  in 
Georgia  and  Tennessee.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  for 
ty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fif 
tieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses  as  a  republican. 

HENDERSON,  WILLIAM  F.,  lawyer, 
jurist.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  an  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
territory  of  New  Mexico  for  the  term  of 
four  years,  residing  in  Santa  Fe. 

HENDERSON,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1855  in  New 
Jersey.  He  is  a  journalist  on  the  staff  of 
the  New  York  Times;  and  the  author  of 
The  Story  of  Music;  Preludes  and  Studies; 
Sea  Yarns  for  Boys;  Afloat  with  the  Flag; 
and  Elements  of  Navigation. 

HENDREN,  GILBERT  H.,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  29,  1857,  in  Canal  Winchester, 
Ohio.  After  receiving  his  education  in 
the  district  schools  of  Ohio,  and  the  Nor 
mal  schools  of  Indiana,  he  graduated  from 
the  Central  Law  school  of  Indianapolis. 
He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Bloomfield, 
Ind.;  has  been  deputy  clerk  of  the  Greene 
county  circuit  for  eight  years;  for  three 
terms  was  chairman  of  the  democratic 
county  central  committee;  and  was  dele 
gate  from  the  second  congressional  dis 
trict  to  the  World's  Columbian  exposition 
at  Chicago. 

HENDRICK,  JOHN  K.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  10, 
1849,  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  elected 
county  attorney  of  Livingston  county,  Ky., 
in  1878;  and  re-elected  in  1882.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  from  the  third 
district  in  1887.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

HENDRICKS,  FRANCIS,  merchant, 
banker,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  23, 
1834,  in  Kingston,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  in  1886  and  served 
continuously  in  that  body  for  six  years. 


472 


IIKIM{|X(iSMA\VS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     <    K     AM  KltlCAN      BIOGRAPHY. 


era!    land    office. 


HENDRICKS.  THOMAS  ANDREWS, 
vice-president  of  the  United  States,  was 
born  Sept.  7.  1819,  in  Zanesville.  Ohio.  In 
1848  he  was  chosen 
to  the  Indiana  state 
legislature;  declined 
a  re-election:  and 
was  an  active  mem 
ber  of  the  Indiana 
constitutional  con 
vention  of  1850.  He 
was  a  representative 
in  congress  from 
Indiana  from  1851 
to  1855;  and  was  ap 
pointed  in  1855  com 
missioner  of  the  gen- 
He  was  subsequently 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1863  and  ending  in  1869. 
In  1H72  he  received  a  majority  of  the 
democratic  votes  for  the  office  of  pres 
ident  of  the  United  States;  in  187li 
was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States;  and  in 
1884  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  Nov.  25,  1885.  in 
Indianapolis.  Ind. 

HENDRICKS.  WILLIAM.  governor. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1783 
in  Westmoreland  county.  Pa.  He  was  the 
first  and  sole  representative  of  Indiana  in 
congress  from  1816  to  1822.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  from  1822  to  1825,  when 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  United 
States  senate,  and  served  until  1837.  He 
died  May  IK.  1850,  in  Madison.  Ind. 

HENDRICKSON.  CHARLES  ELVIN. 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  jurist,  was  born 
Jan.  8,  1843,  in  New  Egypt.  N.  .1.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  state  legislature;  was  prosecutor  of 
the  pleas  of  Burlington  county  during 
1870-90;  and  in  189B  was  appointed  spe 
cial  judge  of  the  court  of  errors  and  ap 
peals  of  New  Jersey  for  term  expiring  in 
1902. 

HENDRIX.  EUGENE  RUSSELL,  l.isli- 
op,  author,  was  born  May  17.  1847.  in 
Fayette,  Mo.  He  is  a  bishop  of  the  meth- 
odist  church  south,  whose  official  resi 
dence  is  at  Kansas  City.  He  has  written 
Around  the  World. 

HENUHIX,  JOSEPH  C.,  journalist,  ban 
ker,  congressman,  was  born  May  25,  1853. 
in  Fayette.  Mo.  In  188B  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Brooklyn,  and  served  un 
til  1890.  In  1X87  '  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  board  of  education  of 
Brooklyn,  and  has  been  elected  annually 
since  to  1892.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

HENINO.  WILLIAM  WALLER,  lawyer. 
author.  He  was  a  legal  writer  of  Vir 
ginia:  and  the  author  of  The  American 
Pleader  and  Lawyer's  Guide;  The  New 
Virginia  Justice;  The  Statutes  of  Vir 
ginia.  1H!il-17!i2:  and  Reports  of  Cases  in 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  of  Vir 
ginia  and  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Chan 
cery  for  Richmond  District.  He  died  in 
1828  in  Virginia. 

HENKLE.  ELI  JONES,  physician,  cdn 
cator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  24, 
1828,  in  Baltimore  county.  Md.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate  in  18<>7,  186S 
and  1870.  He  was  elected  to  the  house  of 
delegatesin  1871  and  1873;  and  In  1872  was 
delegate  to  the  national  democratic  con 
vention.  He  was  one  year  professor  of 
anatomy,  physiology,  and  natural  history 
in  the  Maryland  Agricultural  college, 
which  position  he  resigned  in  1874.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Mary 
land  to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 


HENKLE.  MOSES  MONTGOMERY, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1798  in 
Virginia.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman 
of  Baltimore  and  elsewhere;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Masonic  Addresses;  Primary  Plat 
form  of  Methodism;  Analysis  of  Church 
Go\ernment;  Life  of  Bishop  Bascom; 
and  Primitive  Episcopacy.  He  died  in 
1864. 

HENLEY,  BARCLAY,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  March  17. 
1842.  in  Clark  county,  Ind.  He  served  in 
18(i9  in  the  California  state  legislature  as 
assemblyman;  was  presidential  elector  in 
1880;  and  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  forty-eighth  and  forty- 
ninth  congresses  during  1882-87. 

HENLEY,  DAVID,  revolutionary  sol 
dier,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1748,  in  Charles- 
town.  Mass.  He  was  appointed  brigade- 
major  to  Gen.  Heath  in  1775.  He  died  Jan. 
1.  1823.  in  Washington,  I).  C. 

HENLEY.  JOHN  DANDRIDGE.  naval 
officer,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1781.  in  \Vil- 
liamsburg.  Pa.  He  was  appointed  a  mid 
shipman  by  President  Washington,  and  a 
commander  in  1813.  He  was  promoted  to 
a  captaincy  in  1817;  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death  was  commanding  the  West  In 
dian  squadron.  He  died  May  23.  1835.  in 
Havana.  Cuba. 

HENLEY.  THOMAS  J.,  farmer,  public 
official,  congressman,  was  born  in  1810 
in  Indiana.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  from  1832  to  1842; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Indiana  from  1843  to  1849.  In  1849  he 
emigrated  to  California;  was  a  member 
of  the  first  legislature  of  that  state;  was 
for  seven  years  superintendent  of  Indian 
affairs  for  California;  and  was  subse 
quently  appointed  postmaster  of  San 
Francisco. 

HENN.  BERNHART.  congressman. 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  moved  to 
Iowa:  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1849  to  1853. 

HENNEGAN.  B.  K.  He  was  acting 
governor  of  South  Carolina  in  1840. 

HENNEN.  ALFRED,  lawyer,  educator, 
was  born  Oct.  17,  1786.  in  Elk  Ridge,  Md. 
For  many  years  previous  to  his  death  he 
was  professor  of  common  and  constitu 
tional  law  in  the  university  of  Louisiana. 
He  died  Jan.  19.  1870.  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

HENNEQUIN,  ALFRED.  educator, 
dramatist,  author,  was  born  in  184fi  in 
France.  He  is  a  dramatist  and  educa 
tor  who  beside  several  Anglo-French  text 
books  has  published  The  Art  of  Play- 
writing. 

HENNESSY.  JOHN  JOSEPH.  Roman 
catholic  bishop,  was  born  July  19,  1847.  in 
Ireland.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
college  of  Christian  Brothers  of  St.  Louis. 
Mo.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  various 
churches,  and  in  1866  he  was  consecrated 
Roman  catholic  bishop  of  Dubuque,  Iowa. 
Early  in  his  ministry  he  founded  the  hos 
pital  of  Mercy,  at  Davenport;  and  estab 
lished  the  St.  Joseph's  college  there  in 
IN?::. 

HENNI,  JOHN  MARTIN,  archbishop, 
was  born  in  1805  in  Switzerland.  In  1836 
he  founded  and  edited  for  some  time  the 
Wahrheits-Freund,  the  first  German  Ro 
man  catholic  paper  published  in  the  United 
States.  He  died  Sept.  7.  1881  in  Milwau 
kee.  Wis 

HENNING,  DAVID  CALVIN,  lawyer, 
orator,  author,  was  born  in  1847  in  Union 
county.  Pa.  He  is  one  of  the  ablest  of 
Pennsylvania's  lawyers;  a  brilliant  ora 
tor;  and  the  author  of  a  series  of  histori 
cal  sketches  entitled  Tales  of  the  Blue 
Mountains. 


HENN1NGSEN.  CHARLES  FREDER 
ICK,  soldier,  author,  was  born  in  1815  in 
England.  He  was  a  soldier  of  Swedish 
descent  and  English  birth  who  served 
with  the  Carlists  in  Spain  in  1834,  and 
subsequently  joined  Kossuth  in  Hungary. 
He  came  to  America  in  1856,  was  with 
Walker  in  Nicaragua,  entered  the  confed 
erate  army  in  1861,  and  became  a  gen 
eral.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Last 
of  the  Sophis.  a  Poem:  Twelve  Months' 
Campaign  with  Zumalacarregui;  The 
White  Slave,  a  novel;  Eastern  Europe: 
Sixty  Years  Hence,  a  novel  of  Russian 
life;  Scenes  from  the  Belgian  Revolution; 
Analogies  and  Contrasts;  Personal  Recol 
lections  of  Nicaragua;  and  The  Past  and 
Future  of  Hungary.  He  died  June  14.  1877. 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HENRY,  ALEXANDER,  explorer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1739  in  New  Jersey.  He 
was  a  noted  traveler  in  northwest  Ameri 
ca  who  published  Travels  and  Adventures 
in  Canada  between  1760-76.  He  died  April. 
1824,  in  Montreal.  Canada. 

HENRY.  ALEXANDER,  mayor  of 
Philadelphia,  was  born  April  14,  1823,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1856-57  he  served  in 
the  councils,  and  in  1858  was  elected  to 
the  mayoralty;  and  by  successive  elections 
he  served  in  the  office  until  1866,  when  he 
declined  a  renomination.  He  managed 
the  affairs  of  Philadelphia  during  the  civil 
war  with  great  ability.  He  died  Dec.  H. 
1883,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HENRY.  ALFRED  H..  clergyman,  was 
born  April  4.  1865.  in  East  Homer,  N.  Y. 
He  attended  the  Northwestern  university, 
and  the  Chicago  College  of  Science.  He 
has  served  several  pastorates  in  Chicago. 
111.,  where  in  1892  he  was  prominently 
connected  with  the  work  of  securing  bet 
ter  hours  and  Sunday  rest-day  for  labor 
ing  men.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Trinity 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  of  Oma 
ha,  Neb.;  and  is  now  pastor  of  the  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah. 

HENRY. CALEB  SPRAGUE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1804,  in  Rut 
land,  Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  New  York  and  Connecticut  who 
held  professorships  in  several  colleges, 
and  was  at  one  time  a  journalist  in  New- 
York  city.  He  was  the  author  of  Moral 
and  Philosophical  Essays;  Satan  as  a 
Moral  Philosopher;  About  Men  and 
Things;  Dr.  Oldham  at  Greystones  and 
his  Talk  There:  Social  Welfare  and  Hu 
man  Progress:  Household  Liturgy:  The 
Endless  Future  of  the  Human  Race;  and 
Epitome  of  the  History  of  Philosophy.  He 
was  the  translator  of  Guizot's  History 
of  Civilization  and  other  works.  He  died 
March  9.  1884.  in  Newburg.  N.  Y. 

HENRY,  CHARLES  I...  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  1,  1849,  in  Green 
lov.-nship,  Ind.  He  studied  law  with  Hon. 
H  e  r  v  e  y  Craven; 
graduated  from  the 
law  department  of 
the  Indiana  univer- 
;»  «  m  sity,  at  Blooming- 

ton,  in  1872,  and  im- 
!•  Imediatelyco  m- 

•^B  *  menced  the  practice 
of  law  at  Pendleton. 
He  removed  to  An 
derson  in  1875,  where 
he  has  since  resided. 

He  was  elected  to  the 

state   senate  in    1880 

from  the  counties  of  Grant  and  Madison, 
and  served  in  the  sessions  of  1881  and 
1883;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 


HERRINQSHAW'S      KNC  VCl.Ot'Kl  >l  A     <>K     AM  KKH 'AN      UK  )(!UA  I'll  V. 


HENRY.  UANIEL  M..  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  19. 
1823.  in  Dorchester  county,  Md.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  legisla 
ture  in  1846;  and  again  in  1849.  He  was 
a  state  senator  in  18fi9;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Maryland  to  the  for 
ty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses. 

HENRY.  E.  STEVENS,  manufacturer, 
financier,  congressman,  was  born  in  18311 
in  Gill,  Mass.  He  has  been  mayor  of 
Rockville:  was  a  representative  in  the 
lower  house  of  the  Connecticut  general  as 
sembly  of  1883;  and  state  senator  from 
the  twenty-third  senatorial  district  in 
1887-88.  He  was  delegate-at-large  to  the 
Chicago  national  republican  convention 
in  1888;  and  treasurer  of  the  state  of 
Connecticut  from  1889  to  1893.  In  1894 
he  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  in  1896  to  the  fif 
ty-fifth  congress. 

HENRY.  EDWARD  LAMSON,  artist, 
was  born  Jan.  12.  1841.  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  has  painted  chiefly  genre  pictures 
interiors,  representing  American  colonial 
life,  and  historical  pieces.  The  first  pic 
ture  by  his  hand  that  attracted  attention 
was  Railway  Station  of  a  New  England 
Road. 

HENRY,  GUSTAVUS  ADOLPHUS,  ora 
tor,  state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1804. 
in  Cherry  Spring,  Ky.  He  achieved  great 
reputation  as  a  public  speaker,  and  was 
known  throughout  the  south  as  the  eagle 
orator  of  Tennessee.  He  was  in  the  Ten 
nessee  legislature  in  1851 ;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  confederate  senate  from 
1861  till  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  He  died 
Sept.  10,  1880.  in  Clarksville.  Tenn. 

HENRY.  GUY  VERNOR,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  9,  1839.  in  Fort 
Smith.  I.  T.  He  is  an  officer  in  the  United 
States  army  who  served  during  the  civil 
war,  and  in  Indian  wars  subsequently.  He 
is  the  author  of  Military  Record  of  Civil 
ian  Appointments  in  the  United  States 
Army:  Army  Catechism  for  Non-Commis- 
sioned  Officers:  and  Manual  of  Target 
Practice. 

HENRY,  HUSH,  soldier,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  March  21.  1838,  in 
Chester.  Vt.,  where  he  attained  promi 
nence  as  an  able  lawyer.  During  1872-78. 
and  again  in  1884-86.  he  was  a  member  of 
the  New  Hampshire  state  legislature;  and 
in  1880-82  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate.  Since  1884  he  has  been  judge  of 
probate,  and  still  fills  that  office  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  public.  Since  1882  he 
has  been  a  director  in  the  National  bank 
of  Bellows  Falls:  and  since  1884  has  been 
a  director  in  the  Vermont  Valley  Railroad 
company.  In  1892  he  was  department 
commander,  department  of  Vermont. 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic;  and  since 
1890  has  been  president  of  the  Vermont 
Soldiers'  home. 

HENRY.  JAMES,  jurist,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Virginia  to  the 
continental  congress,  from  1780  to  1781; 
and  was  a  lawyer  and  a  judge.  He  died 
in  January.  1805.  in  Virginia. 

HENRY.  JAMES,  manufacturer,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1809.  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.  He  was  a  rifle  manufacturer  of  Boul- 
ton.  Pa.,  who  was  president  of  the  Mo 
ravian  Historical  society,  and  published 
Sketches  of  Moravian  Life  and  Character. 
He  died  in  1895. 

HENRY,  JAMES  HARRISON,  soldier. 
railroad  operator,  banker,  was  born  Nov. 
23,  1845,  in  St.  Joseph,  Mich.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war  as  a  private  in  the  seventh 
Kansas  cavalry.  He  is  president  and 
principal  owner  of  the  San  Jose  and  San 
ta  Clara  Railroad  company. 


HENRY.  JOHN,  congressman,  govern 
or,  was  born  about  1750  in  Easton,  Md. 
From  1778  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  old 
congress;  and  was  a  senator  in  congress, 
under  the  constitution,  from  Maryland 
from  1789  to  1797,  when  he  resigned.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  Maryland  in  the 
latter  year.  He  died  Dec.  1fi.  1798.  in 
Easton,  Md. 

HENRY.  JOHN  F.,  physician,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1793,  in 
Scott  county.  Ky.  In  1813  he  was  ap 
pointed  surgeon's  mate  in  Boswell's  regi 
ment  of  Kentucky  troops,  serving  at  Fort 
Meigs.  He  was  elected  to  congress  from 
Kentucky  for  the  unexpired  term  in  the 
same,  from  1826  to  1827.  He  published  a 
Treatise  on  Causes  and  Treatment  of 
Choleia.  He  died  Nov.  12.  1873.  in  Bur 
lington.  Iowa. 

HENRY.  JOHN  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  4.  1758,  in  Lan 
caster,  Pa.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Lancaster. 
Pa.,  who  was  author  of  the  Accurate  and 
Interesting  Account  of  Arnold's  Cam 
paign  Against  Quebec.  He  died  April  15. 
1811.  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

HENRY.  JOSEPH,  scientist,  philoso 
pher,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1797,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1826  he  entered  the 
_  ^  Albany  academy  as 
professor  of  mathe 
matics,  and  soon  aft 
er  began  a  series  of 
experiments  in  elec 
tricity;  made  various 
discoveries  in  elec 
tro  -  magnetism, 
which  were  described 
in  Silliman's  Journal 
as  early  as  1831.  In 
1832  he  was  called  to 
chair  of  natural  phi 
losophy  in  Princeton 
college:  in  1837  visited  Europe,  where  he 
remained  one  year,  and  his  discoveries 
connected  with  the  electro-magnet  were 
recognized,  and  resulted  in  establishing 
the  wonders  of  what  is  now  called  the 
telegraph.  His  principal  writings  are, 
Syllabus  of  Lectures  on  Physics;  and 
Scientific  Writings  of  Joseph  Henry,  188H. 
He  died  March  13,  1878,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

HENRY.  MORRIS  HENRY,  physician, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  July  26,  1835, 
in  London.  England.  He  was  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  navy  during  the  civil  war. 
was  surgeon-in-chief  of  the  Emigrant 
hospital,  Ward's  Island,  in  1872-80.  He  is 
the  originator  and  editor  of  the  American 
Journal  of  Dermatology,  and  has  pub 
lished  numerous  monographs,  including 
Treatment  of  Venereal  Diseases  in  Vienna 
Hospital:  and  Anomalous  Localities  of 
Chancres. 

HENRY.  PATRICK,  patriot,  orator, 
statesman,  was  born  May  29,  1736,  in  Stud- 
ley,  Va.  In  1765  he  was  chosen  to  the 
Virginia  assembly: 
and  was  elected  a 
delegate  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  conti 
nental  congress,  from 
1774  to  1776.  He 
signed  the  declara 
tion  of  indepen 
dence;  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the 
Richmond  conven 
tion  of  1777.  In  1776 
he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Virginia,  re- 
elected,  and  then  declined  a  re-election. 
From  1780  to  1791  he  served  in  the  as 
sembly  of  the  state.  He  was  again  elect 
ed  governor  in  1796,  but  declined  to 
serve.  He  died  June  6.  1799,  in  Red  Hill. 
Va. 


HENRY.  PATRICK,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1843,  in 
Madison  county.  Miss.  In  1861  he  enlisted 
in  the  confederate  service  in  the  sixth 
Mississippi  infantry  regiment;  served 
through  the  war,  and  surrendered  at 
Greensboro,  N.  C.,  in  1865,  as  major  of 
the  fourteenth  Mississippi  regiment.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  legisla 
ture  in  1878  and  1890,  and  delegate  from 
the  state  at  large  to  the  constitutional 
convention  in  1890.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

HENRY,  ROBERT,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Dec.  6.  1792.  in  Char 
leston.  S.  C.  He  became  professor  of 
logic  and  moral  philosophy  in  South 
Carolina  college  in  1818,  and  afterward 
of  metaphysics  and  political  philosophy. 
He  was  president  in  1834-35;  accepted 
the  chair  of  metaphysics  and  belles- 
lettres  in  1839;  and  was  again  president 
in  1842-45;  also  performing  for  a  time 
the  duties  of  professor  of  Greek.  He  died 
Feb.  6,  1856,  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

HENRY.  ROBERT  L..  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  12,  1864,  in  Lin 
den,  Texas.  He  was  elected  mayor  of 
Texarkana,  Texas,  in  1890;  and  resigned 
this  position  to  accept  that  of  first  of 
fice  assistant  attorney-general.  He  was 
elected  as  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

HENRY.  ROBERT  PRYOR,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1793,  in 
Henry  Mills.  Ky.  In  1809  he  served  as 
prosecuting  attorney  for  his  district.  He 
served  in  the  war  of  1812,  as  an  aide-de 
camp  to  his  father,  Maj.-Gen.  William 
Henry.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1823  to  1827. 
He  died  Aug.  25.  1826,  in  Hopkinsville, 
Ky. 

HENRY,  MRS.  SAREPTA  M..  temper 
ance  reformer,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Nov.  4,  1839,  in  Albion,  Pa.  She  is  a 
temperance  reformer  of  Evanston,  111.; 
and  the  author  of  Victoria,  with  Other 
Poems;  After  the  Truth;  The  Voice  of 
the  Home;  Mabel's  Work;  Beforehand; 
and  One  More  Chance. 

HENRY.  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1785  in  Ireland.  He  served  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1837 
to  1843.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1849,  in  Beaver 
county.  Pa. 

HENRY.  THOMAS  CHARLTON.  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1790. 
in  Philadelphia.  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyter- 
ian  clergyman  of  South  Carolina;  and  the 
author  of  Consistency  of  Popular  Amuse 
ments  for  Professing  Christians;  Moral 
Etchings  from  the  Religious  World;  and 
Letters  from  an  Anxious  Believer.  He 
died  Oct.  4.  1827.  in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

HENRY,  W.  LAIRD,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1864.  in 
Cambridge.  He  purchased  an  interest  in 
the  Cambridge  Chronicle,  in  Maryland, 
and  has  been  since  engaged  in  editing 
that  journal.  He  never  held  any  public 
position  until  elected  in  1894  to  fill  a 
vacancy  in  the  fifty-third  congress. 

HENRY,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  Hampshire. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Vermont  from  1847  to  1853. 

HENRY,  WILLIAM, inventor,  jurist,  was 
born  May  19,  1729,  in  Chester  county,  Pa. 
In  1758  he  was  commissioned  justice  of 
the  peace,  and  in  1760  visited  England. 
He  was  chosen  to  the  assembly  in  1776. 
and  the  following  year  was  elected  treas 
urer  of  Lancaster  county.  Pa.  He  died 
Dec.  15,  1786,  in  Lancaster.  Pa. 


474 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


HENRY,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1757.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1784  to  1786.  He  died  April  21, 
1827,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HENRY,  WILLIAM  ARNON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  June  16,  1850,  in  Nor- 
walk,  Ohio.  In  1880  he  was  appointed 
professor  of  botany  and  agriculture  in  the 
university  of  Wisconsin;  two  years  later 
was  elected  professor  of  agriculture;  and  in 
1891  was  appointed  dean  of  the  College 
of  Agriculture.  He  is  the  author  of  Foods 
and  Feeding,  a  hand-book  for  the  student 
and  stockman,  which  has  had  a  wide  cir 
culation  throughout  the  United  States. 

HENRY,  WILLIAM  SEATON,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  in  1816  in  Albany,  N. 
Y.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  United  States 
army  who  published  Campaign  Sketches 
of  the  War  with  Mexico.  He  died  March 
5,  1851,  in  New  York  city. 

HENRY, WILLIAM  WIRT,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1831,  in  Water- 
bury,  Vt.  He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  city;  and  then  attended  the  Peo 
ple's  academy  of  Morrisville,  Vt.  During 
the  war  he  served  with  distinction  in  the 
union  corps;  and  was  rapidly  promoted 
to  first  lieutenant,  major,  lieutenant-colo 
nel,  colonel,  brevet  brigadier-general.  He 
has  served  as  United  States  marshal;  im 
migrant  inspector;  and  various  other  pub 
lic  positions  of  trust.  He  is  a  success 
ful  druggist  of  Burlington,  Vt. ;  and  pres 
ident  of  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac. 

HENSEL,  WILLIAM  UHLER,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1851  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  is  a  politician  and  journal 
ist  of  Lancaster,  Pa.;  and  the  author  of 
Lives  of  T.  A.  Hendricks  and  Grover 
Cleveland. 

HENSHAW,  DANIEL,  lawyer  and  jour 
nalist,  was  born  May  9,  1782,  in  Leicester, 
Mass.  He  gave  up  law  in  order  to  un 
dertake  the  editorship  of  the  Lynn  Rec 
ord,  which  he  conducted  till  its  discon 
tinuance,  a  period  of  fourteen  years,  after 
which  he  resided  in  Boston.  He  died 
May  9,  1863,  in  Boston,  Mass 

HENSHAW,  DAVID,  druggist,  author, 
was  born  April  2,  1791,  in  Leicester,  Mass. 
For  nine  years  he  was  collector  of  cus 
toms  for  the  port  of  Boston;  and  in 
1843  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  navy. 
He  wrote  Letters  on  the  Internal  Im 
provement  and  Commerce  of  the  West. 
He  died  Nov.  11,  1852,  in  Leicester,  Mass. 

HENSHAW,  JOHN  PRENTISS  KEW- 
LEY,  bishop,  author,  was  born  June  13, 
1792,  in  Middletown,  Conn.  He  was  the 
first  protestant  episcopal  bishop  of  Rhode 
Island;  and  the  author  of  Theology  for 
the  People;  Lessons  in  Elocution;  On 
Confirmation;  and  The  Work  of  Christ's 
Living  Body.  He  died  July  19,  1852,  in 
Frederick,  Md. 

HENSHAW,  JOSHUA  SIDNEY,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1811,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  in  Utica  from 
1848,  but  previously  an  instructor  in  the 
I'nited  States  navy.  He  was  the  author 
of  Incitements  to  Well  Doing;  Life  of 
Father  Mathew;  United  States  Manual 
for  Consuls;  Around  the  World;  and  Phi 
losophy  of  Human  Progress.  He  died 
April  29,  1859,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

HENSLER,  ELIZA,  singer,  was  born 
about  1835  in  Boston,  Mass.  Her  first  ap 
pearance  was  at  the  Academy  of  Music, 
New  York,  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  She 
then  went  to  Lisbon,  and  became  a  fa 
vorite;  and  in  1869  married  the  ex-king 
of  Portugal,  Ferdinand,  Duke  of  Saxe- 
Coburg-Gotha. 


HENSLEY,  JAMES  L.,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.  24,  1833,  in  Rockingham  county,  Va. 
During  the  war  he  served  in  the  ninety- 
sixth  regiment  West  Virginia  militia.  In 
1876  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  West 
Virginia  legislature.  The  following  year 
he  moved  to  Marion,  Ohio,  and  was  subse 
quently  elected  to  the  seventy-second 
general  assembly  of  Ohio;  and  acted  as 
chaplain  of  that  body. 

HENSLEY,  WILLIAM  N.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1846,  in  Woodford 
county,  Ky.  He  served  two  terms  as  city 
attorney  of  Columbus,  Neb.;  two  terms 
as  police  judge;  and  for  six  years  was 
county  judge  of  Platte  county. 

HENSON..  POINDEXTER  SMITH,  cler 
gyman,  journalist,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1831, 
in  Fluvanna  county,  Va.  In  1867  he  be 
came  pastor  of  the  Broad  Street  church 
in  Philadelphia,  which  he  left  in  1867,  to 
organize  the  Memorial  church,  where  he 
gathered  the  largest  protestant  congre 
gation  in  that  city.  He  is  also  editor  of 
the  Baptist  Teacher. 

HENSZEY,  SAMUEL  A.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1854,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  Since  1892  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Raleigh  and  Western  rail 
way. 

HENTZ,  CAROLINA  THERESE,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1835,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  She  sent  a  series  of  letters  from 
California  to  the  Southern  Christian  Ad 
vocate  in  1875,  and  has  published  many 
tales  and  sketches  in  magazines. 

HENTZ.  MRS.  CAROLINE  LEE 
LWHITING],  author,  was  bornjune  1,  1800. 
In  Lancaster,  Mass.  She  was  a  popular 
southern  writer  of  many  sensational  ro 
mances  of  ephemeral  interest.  Among 
them  are,  Lovell's  Folly;  Rena;  The 
Planter's  Northern  Bride;  and  Linda.  She 
died  Feb.  11,  1856,  in  Marianna,  Fla. 

HENTZ,  NICHOLAS  MARCELLUS,  ed 
ucator,  entomologist,  was  born  July  25, 
1797,  in  France.  He  was  a  French  edu 
cator  well  known  as  an  entomologist.  He 
came  to  America  in  1816,  and  taught  in 
the  university  of  North  Carolina  and  else 
where  in  the  south.  He  died  Nov.  4. 
1856,  in  Marianna,  Fla. 

HEPBURN,  JAMES  CURTIS,  clergy 
man,  missionary,  author,  was  born  in  1815 
in  Milton,  Pa.  He  is  a  missionary  to 
Japan  of  note  as  a  lexicographer;  and 
the  author  of  A  Japanese  and  English 
Dictionary;  and  A  Japanese-English  and 
English-Japanese  Dictionary,  an  abridge 
ment  of  the  earlier  work. 

HEPBURN,  NEIL  JAM1ESON,  oculist 
and  aurist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1846, 
in  Scotland.  He  devotes  his  attention  ex 
clusively  to  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear; 
has  been  inspector  of  the  board  of  health 
of  Freehold,  N.  J. ;  and  lecturer  on  oph 
thalmology  at  the  New  York  polyclinic. 
He  is  the  author  of  Notes  on  Hypoder 
mic  Use  of  Cocaine;  Therapeusis  of 
Glaucoma,  and  other  works. 

HKl'BURN,  WILLIAM  PETERS,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
4,  1833,  in  Wellsville,  Ohio.  He  was  elect 
ed  prosecuting  attorney  of  Marshall  coun 
ty  in  1856;  chief  clerk  of  the  state  house 
of  representatives  in  1858;  and  district 
attorney  of  the  eleventh  judicial  district 
of  Ohio  in  the  same  year.  He  entered  the 
Union  army  in  1861  as  captain,  and  rose 
to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1876;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth, 
fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 


HEPWORTH,  GEORGE  HUGHES,  cler 
gyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
4,  1833,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  has  been 
a  New  York  journalist  since  1887  on  the 
editorial  staff  of  the  Herald.  From  1855- 
72  he  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman,  but 
subsequently  entered  the  presbyterian 
ministry.  He  is  the  author  of  Rocks  and 
Shoals;  Brown  Studies;  Hiram  Golf's  Re 
ligion;  The  Life  Beyond;  They  Met  in 
Heaven;  Herald  Sermons;  and  Starboard 
and  Port,  a  summer's  yacht  cruise. 

HERBERMANN,  CHARLES  GEORGE, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1840,  in 
Munster,  Wash.  He  has  been  a  professor 
of  Latin  in  the  College  of  the  City  of 
New  York  since  1869;  and  the  author  of 
Business  Life  in  Ancient  Rome. 

HERBERT,  HENRY  WILLIAM,  author, 
poet,  was  born  April  7,  1807,  in  London, 
England.  He  was  a  versatile,  gifted  writ 
er  who  came  to  America  in  1831,  and 
lived  near  Newark,  N.  J.  His  writings  in 
historical  fiction  include  Cromwell;  Mar- 
maduke  Nyvil;  The  Puritans  of  New 
England,  issued  later  as  The  Puritan's 
Daughter;  The  Fronde;  Sherwood  For 
est.  In  history:  Captains  of  the  Old 
World;  Cavaliers  of  England;  Knights  of 
England;  Chevaliers  of  France;  Persons 
and  Pictures  from  French  and  English 
History;  Captains  of  the  Great  Roman 
Republic;  Henry  VIII.  and  his  Six  Wives. 
His  poems,  edited  by  M.  Herbert,  appeared 
in  1888.  He  died  May  17,  1858,  in  New 
York  city. 

HERBERT,  HILARY  ABNER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  March  12, 
1834,  in  Laurensville,  S.  C.  He  entered 
the  confederate  army  and  rose  to  the  rank 
of  colonel.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Alabama  to  the  forty-fifth,  for 
ty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  for 
ty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  and  fifty- 
second  congresses;  and  declined  re-elec 
tion.  In  1893  he  was  appointed  secretary 
of  the  navy,  serving  until  1897. 

HERBERT,  JOHN  C.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1815  to  1819;  and  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1824. 

HERBERT,  JOHN  FERDINAND,  con 
tractor,  insurance,  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.  25,  1859,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  St.  Mary's 
college  of  Opelousas,  La.  He  has  been  a 
successful  contractor;  and  is  now  con 
nected  with  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
company  at  Gretna,  La.  He  has  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the 
Louisiana  state  legislature,  and  filled  va 
rious  other  offices  of  trust. 

HERBERT,  MARINE  LINCOLN,  law 
yer,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1860,  in  Johnson 
county,  Ind.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools* 
of  his  native  county; 
subsequently  studied 
law  and  wasadmitted 
to  the  bar.  He  has 
attained  success  as 
an  able  lawyer  of 
Indiana,  and  has  a 
lucrative  practice  in 
Edinburg.  He  has 
been  deputy  prose 
cuting  attorney  at 
Hope,  Bartholomew 
county,  Ind.;  at 
Greenwood  in  Johnson  county;  and  for 
several  years  past  has  been  corporation 
counsel  and  city  attorney  for  Edinburg. 
He  has  contributed  numerous  articles  to 
the  periodical  press  and  to  law  literature; 
and  takes  a  prominent  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 


HKRR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


475 


HERBERT.  PAUL,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  in  Louisiana.  He  was  governor 
of  Louisiana  from  1853  to  1858;  and  was 
made  brigadier-general  in  the  southern 
army  in  1861. 

HERBERT,  PHILIP  T.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Alabama.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  California  from 
1855  to  1857. 

HEREFORD,  PRANK,  lawyer,  con 
gressman.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
July  4,  1825,  in  Fauquier  county,  Va.  He 
settled  in  West  Virginia;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  West  Virginia  to 
the  forty-second,  forty-third,  and  forty- 
fourth  congresses.  In  1876  he  was  elected 
United  States  senator,  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1881,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

HERING,  CONSTANTIN.  physician, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1800,  in  Saxony. 
He  was  a  German  physician  who  came  to 
Philadelphia  in  1833  and  founded  there 
the  first  homoeopathic  school  in  America. 
Among  his  writings  are,  Rise  and  Pro 
gress  of  Homoeopathy;  Condensed  Ma- 
teria  Medica;  Effects  of  Snake  Poison; 
American  Drug  Provings;  and  Domestic 
Physician.  He  died  July  23,  1880,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

HERING,  RUDOLPH,  engineer,  author, 
was  born  in  1847,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
is  a  civil  engineer  of  prominence  and  an 
authority  upon  sewerage  and  the  water 
supply  of  cities,  upon  which  topics  he  has 
written  valuable  reports. 

HERKIMER,  JOHN,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1773,  in  Herkimer  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  many  years  a  judge 
of  the  circuit  court;  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1817  to  1819,  and  again  from  1823  to  1825. 
He  died  June  8,  1845,  in  Danube,  N.  Y. 

HERKIMER,  NICHOLAS,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1715.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  during  the  revolutionary  war,  and 
attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 
He  died  Aug.  16,  1777,  in  Danube,  N.  Y. 

HERMANN,  BINGER,  lawyer,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1843,  in 
Lonaconing,  Md.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Oregon  state  legisla 
ture  in  1866;  and  was  state  senator  in 
1868.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  United 
States  receiver  of  public  moneys  at  Rose- 
burg,  Ore.  In  1882  he  was  appointed  judge 
advocate  of  the  state  militia  with  the 
rank  of  colonel.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Oregon  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third, 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  republi 
can. 

HERNANDEZ,  JOSEPH  MARION,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  in  St.  Augus 
tine,  Fla.  He  was  the  first  delegate  to 
congress  from  Florida;  and  subsequently 
a  leading  member  and  presiding  officer 
of  the  territorial  legislature.  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Indian  hostilities  he 
was  made  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
United  States  service.  He  died  June  8, 
1857,  in  Cuba. 

HERNDON,  MARY  ELIZA,  author, 
poet,  was  born  March  1,  1820,  in  Fayette 
county,  Ky.  She  published  Louisa  Elton, 
a  reply  to  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin;  Bandits 
of  Italy;  and  also  a  volume  of  Select 
Poems. 

HERNDON,  THOMAS  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  July  1,  1828, 
in  Hale  county,  Ala.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1857  and  1858.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  secession  convention  of  1861;  and 
entered  the  confederate  army  and  rose  to 
the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  constitutional  convention  of 


1875;  and  was  again  in  the  legislature  in 
1876  and  1877.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Alabama  to  the  forty-sixth 
congress;  and  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses  as  a 
democrat.  He  died  March  28,  1883,  in 
Mobile,  Ala. 

HERNDON,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1818,  in  Ken 
tucky.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Springfield, 
111.,  and  a  law  partner  of  Abraham  Lin 
coln,  of  whom  he  published  a  Life  in  1891. 
He  died  in  1891. 

HERNDON,  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  naval 
officer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1813,  in 
Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  was  a  naval  of 
ficer  sent  by  government  to  explore  the 
Amazon.  The  results  of  his  expedition 
are  detailed  in  his  Exploration  of  the  Val 
ley  of  the  Amazon.  He  died  Sept.  12,  1857; 
lost  at  sea. 

HERNDON,  WILLIAM  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1837, 
in  Rome,  Ga.  He  removed  with  his  father 
to  Texas  in  1852;  was 
educated  at  McKen- 
zie  college,  Texas; 
studied  law,  and  be 
gan  to  practice  in 
1860.  He  enlisted  in 
the  confederate  army 
in  1861,  and  remained 
until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-second 
and  forty-third  con 
gresses.  He  was  a 
member  of  several 
important  committees  while  in  congress. 
HERNE,  JAMES  A.,  actor,  playwright, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1839,  in  West  Troy,  N.  Y. 
As  a  playwright  his  first  play,  Heart  of 
Oak,  was  produced  in  San  Francisco  in 
1887.  His  other  plays  are,  Minute  Men; 
Drifting  Apart;  and  Shore  Acres. 

HEROD,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  In 
diana  from  1837  to  1839. 

HERON,  MATILDA,  actress,  was  born 
Dec.  1,  1830,  in  Ireland.  She  made  her 
first  appearance  at  the  Walnut  Street  the 
ater  in  1851,  as  Bianca  in  Dean  Milman's 
play  of  Fazio.  She  died  March  7,  1877,  in 
New  York  city. 

HERRICK,  ANSON,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1812,  in  Lew- 
iston,  Maine.  He  commenced  the  publi 
cation  of  a  weekly  journal  now  called  the 
New  York  Atlas  in  1853.  He  was  ap 
pointed  naval  storekeeper  for  New  York, 
which  office  he  held  until  1861.  In  1862  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He 
died  Feb.  5,  1868,  in  New  York  city. 

HERRICK,  MRS.  CHRISTINE  [TER- 
HUNE],  author,  was  born  in  1859,  in  New 
Jersey.  She  is  a  writer  of  New  York  city 
who  has  written  much  upon  housekeeping 
themes;  and  is  the  author  of  Housekeep 
ing  Made  Easy;  The  Chafing-Dish  Sup 
per;  The  Little  Dinner;  What  to  Eat, 
How  to  Serve  It;  Cradle  and  Nursery; 
and  Liberal  Living  upon  Narrow  Means. 

HERRICK,  EBENEZER,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Lincoln  county, 
Maine.  In  1820  he  held  the  office  of  sec 
retary  of  the  state  senate;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Maine  from 
1821  to  1827.  He  was  a  state  senator  in 
1828  and  1829.  He  died  May  7,  1839,  in 
Lewiston,  Maine. 

HERRICK,  EDWARD  CLAUDIUS,  sci 
entist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1811,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  published  papers 
on  entomological  subjects,  one  of  which, 
treating  of  the  Hessian  fly  and  its  para 
sites,  was  the  fruit  of  nine  years  of  pa 


tient  investigation.    He  died  June  11,  1862, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

HERRICK,  JOHN  RUSSELL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1822,  in 
Milton,  Vt.  He  is  a  congregational  clergy 
man,  president  of  Dakota  university  since 
1883;  and  the  author  of  Lectures  on  Posi 
tivism. 

HERRICK,  JOSHUA,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1794,  in  Beverly,  Mass.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Maine 
from  1843  to  1845;  and  in  1856  was  regis 
ter  of  probate  for  York  county,  state  of 
Maine.  He  died  Aug.  30,  1874,  in  Alfred, 
Maine. 

HERRICK,  RICHARD  P.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1791,  in  Rensselaer  county. 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
New  York  from  1845  to  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  died  June  22,  1846,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

HERRICK,  ROBERT,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1868,  in  Massachusetts.  He 
is  an  assistant  professor  of  rhetoric  at  the 
university  of  Chicago;  and  the  author  of 
The  Man  who  Wins,  a  novel. 

HERRICK,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  14,  1779,  in  Dutchess 
county,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Zanesville, 
Ohio;  and  was  prosecuting  attorney  for 
the  county;  and  soon  after  that  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  district  attorney  for 
Ohio.  In  1812  he  was  appointed  one  of 
a  board  of  commissioners  for  settling  the 
northwestern  boundary  line;  and  in  the 
autumn  of  that  year  succeeded  Lewis  Cass 
as  prosecuting  attorney  for  Muskingum 
county.  In  1814  he  was  appointed  to  the 
same  office  in  Licking  county.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1817  to  1821.  In  1829  he  was  appointed 
United  States  district  attorney  for  Ohio. 
He  died  in  December,  1851. 

HERRICK,  SAMUEL  EDWARD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  6,  1841,  in 
Southampton,  R.  I.  He  is  a  congregation 
al  clergyman  of  Boston;  and  the  author 
of  Some  Heretics  of  Yesterday. 

HERRICK,  MRS.  SOPHIE  McILVAINE 
[BLEDSOE],  author,  was  born  March  26, 
1837,  in  Gambler,  Ohio.  She  is  a  New  York 
writer  on  The  Century  staff,  and  well 
known  as  a  microscopist.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  Wonders  of  Plant  Life;  Chapters 
in  Plant  Life;  and  The  Earth  in  Past 
Ages. 

HERRICK,  STEPHEN  SOLON,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  11,  1833,  in  West  Randolph;  Vt.  He 
served  as  assistant  surgeon  in  the  confed 
erate  army  in  1862-63,  and  afterward  in 
the  navy  of  the  confederacy  until  the  end 
of  the  war.  He  has  contributed  to  the 
medical  journals  of  New  Orleans,  Louis 
ville,  Philadelphia,  and  New  York;  and  in 
1869  received  a  prize  from  the  American 
Medical  association  for  an  essay  on  Qui 
nine. 

HERRIED,  CHARLES  N.,  lawyer,  lieu 
tenant-governor,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1857, 
in  Wisconsin.  He  moved  to  South  Dakota 
in  1883;  has  been  register  of  deeds  and 
county  judge  of  McPherson  county.  He- 
was  first  elected  lieutenant-governor  in 
1892;  and  re-elected  in  1894. 

HERRING,  ELBERT,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  8,  1777,  in  Stratford,  Conn. 
He  was  judge  of  the  marine  court  of  New 
York  city  from  its  establishment  in  1805 
till  1808,  and  a  few  years  later  was  re- 
appointed.  He  was  the  first  register  of 
the  state  of  New  York  in  1812,  an  office 
which  he  held  for  five  years.  In  1832  he 
was  appointed  the  first  commissioner  of 
Indian  affairs.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1876,  in. 
New  York  city. 


476 


KUI:IN<;SH.\WS      KNCYCI.Dl'KKLA    OK     AMKK1CAN      HKKJKAI'HY. 


HERRINGSHAW.  THOMAS  WILLIAM, 
journalist,  publisher,  genealogist,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  27.  1858.  on  the  eastern 
coast  of  Lincolnshire.  England.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  national 
schools,  at  the  Chicago  athenaeum,  and  the 
Chicago  Union  College  of  Law:  and  dur 
ing  1875-79  he  followed  his  trade  of  print 
er  in  New  York.  Philadelphia,  and  Chica 
go.  In  1879  he  founded  the  Farm.  Field 
and  Fireside,  of  which  he  was  editor  and 
sole  proprietor;  and  when  the  Farm. 
Field  and  Fireside  Publishing  company 
was  incorporated  in  1880  he  was  made 
president.  Having  disposed  of  his  inter 
ests  in  the  above  publication,  he  estab 
lished  a  printing  office  in  Chicago;  and 
in  1884  founded  the  American  Publishers' 
Association,  of  which  he  has  always  been 
president.  In  1880  he  married  Mary  I. hum 
.lones  of  Lake  county.  111.,  and  they  have 
a  family  of  three  sons.  He  is  the  author 
of  Home  Occupations;  Prominent  Men 
and  Women  of  the  Day;  Aids  to  Literary 
Success;  and  Mulierology ;  and  he  has 
edited  and  compiled  a  score  of  works,  the 
most  notable  of  which  are  Poets  of  Amer 
ica;  Poetical  Quotations:  The  Spalding 
Memorial:  and  Herringshaw's  Encyclo 
pedia  of  American  Biography. 

HERRON.   FRANCIS  J..  merchant,  sol 
dier,    was    born    Feb.    17,    1837,    in    Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.     In  1856  he  moved  to  Dulmque. 
Iowa,    where    he   en 
gaged    in    mercantile 
pursuits.     In   1861   he 
organized    and    com 
manded  the  Governor 
C5 ray's;  and  served  in 
the   first  and   second 
Iowa  regiments.     He 
entered  as  a  captain 
and  attained  the  rank 
of    major-general    of 
volunteers.    He  took 
part    in    a  score    of 
battles    and   numer 
ous  skirmishes:  and  is  prominently  iden 
tified  with  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub 
lic  of  Iowa  and  the  I'nited  States.    He  has 
also  contributed  valuable  articles  to  cur 
rent  publications. 

HERRON,  GEORGE  DAVIS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1862,  in  Indiana.  He 
is  a  congregational  clergyman  of  Iowa: 
since  1893pn,fessor  of  applied  Christianity 
in  Iowa  college:  and  very  prominent  as  a 
writer  and  lecturer  upon  Christian  So 
cialism.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Chris 
tian  Society;  The  Call  of  the  Cross:  The 
Larger  Christ;  The  Message  of  Jesus  to 
Men  of  Wraith;  The  Christian  State;  and 
Social  Meanings  of  Religious  Experiences. 

HERRON.  JOSEPH  D..  clergyman,  poet, 
was  horn  Nov.  4.  1853.  in  Kirtland.  Ohio. 
He  received  a  liberal  education  and  stud 
ied    theology    in    the 
leading  seminaries  in 
^|^          America.      He     has 
filled    but    two    posi- 
\-»       ^1  linns  in  fifteen  years 

of  his  ministry — as- 
^*  £L  ^J  sistant  minister  in 
^•^jfl  T  Trinity  parish  o  f 

A  New  York  city;    and 

^p^^^^^    rector   of   Trinity 
^•1  ^B^H       R   church  of   New  Cas- 
:  I  tie.  Pa.,  in  which  lat- 

^^^H^^^^^^H   ter  church  he  is  still 
pastor.       Since     h  i  s 

youth  he  has  had  a  great  love  for  music, 
and  has  set  many  of  his  poems  to  music, 
some  of  which  have  been  rendered  by 
choruses  of  children  in  New  York  city 
and  other  cities.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  poems  of  rare  merit,  which 
have  been  Included  In  Poets  of  America, 
iind  various  other  national  collections. 


HERSEY.  SAMUEL  F..  merchant, 
banker,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  April  12.  1812.  in  Sumner.  Maine. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
Maine  in  1842.  1857,  18K5.  1867.  and  1869; 
and  of  the  executive  council  in  1851  and 
1852.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third 
and  forty-fourth  congresses.  He  died  Feb. 
3.  1875.  in  Bangor. 

HERVEY.  DWIGHT  B..  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  June  4.  1834.  in 
Martinsburg.  Ohio.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
.schools  and  graduated  from  the  Jefferson 
college  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  success 
ful  clergyman  of  the  presbyterian  church; 
has  filled  pastorates  in  Mount  Vernon. 
Ohio,  for  twelve  years:  in  Granville  for 
six  years;  and  for  twelve  years  was 
president  of  the  Granville  Female  acad 
emy.  He  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Edin- 
boro.  Pa. 

HERVEY.  ROBERT  G.,  was  born  May 
16.  1839.  in  Brockville.  Canada.  In  the  fall 
of  1874  he  consolidated  three  railways 
under  the  name  of  the  Illinois  Midland 
railway,  in  which  he  still  retains  a  large 
interest.  He  established  the  Decatur  Na 
tional  bank,  at  Decatur,  of  which  he  was 
for  a  long  time  president  and  principal 
owner. 

HESS.  GEORGE,  sculptor,  was  born  in 
1832,  in  Germany.  His  bust  of  Mme. 
Janauschek  is  well  known.  His  other 
works  include  Echo;  Th(  Water-Lily; 
and  two  humorous  pieces  called  Gold  t'p 
and  Gold  Down. 

HESS.  JASPER  N..  financier,  business 
man,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1844,  in  Goshen, 
Ind.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
city,  and  graduated  from  the  Eastman 
college.  He  is  an  expert  accountant;  a 
trustee  of  the  Union  Christian  college  of 
Merom,  Ind.;  and  has  filled  various  po 
sitions  of  honor.  He  is  now  the  manager 
of  the  East  Chicago  Hardware  company. 

HESSELTINE,  E.  ADELBERT,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  June  25,  1860,  in  Kansas. 
He  has  been  postmaster  of  Wilbur,  Wash.; 
justice  of  the  peace;  city  attorney,  and 
police  judge;  and  takes  an  active  part  in 
public  affairs. 

HETH.  HENRY,  soldier,  was  horn  in 
1825,  in  Virginia.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war,  and  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con 
duct  received  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen 
eral. 

HETH.  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1735,  in  Virginia.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
revolution  he  joined  the  continental 
army;  in  1777  was  commissioned  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  third  Virginia  regi 
ment,  and  was  in  command  till  the  end  of 
the  war.  He  died  April  15.  1808.  in  Rich 
mond,  Va. 

HEUSTIS,  JABEZ  WIGGINS,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1784,  in  St.  John,  N. 
B.  He  became  surgeon  in  the  United 
States  army  and  served  throughout  the 
southern  campaigns.  His  publications  are 
Physical  Observations  and  Medical  Tracts 
and  Researches  on  the  Topography  and 
Diseases  of  Louisiana;  Medical  Facts 
and  Inquiries  respecting  the  Causes,  Na 
ture,  Prevention,  and  Cure  of  Fever;  and 
the  Bilious  Remittent  Fever  of  Alabama. 
He  died  in  1841,  in  Talladega  Springs.  Ala. 

HEUSTIS,  JAMES  FOUNTAIN,  physi 
cian,  educator,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1829.  in 
Cahawba.  Ala.  He  was  elected  professor 
of  anatomy  in  the  Alabama  Medical  col 
lege  in  1859,  served  as  surgeon  in  the 
confederate  army  throughout  the  civil 
war,  and  since  1875  has  been  professor  of 
surgery  in  Alabama  Medical  college. 


HEWES,  GEORGE  ROBERT 
TWELVES,  one  of  the  Boston  tea  party, 
was  born  Nov.  5,  1751,  in  Boston.  Mass. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  the  destruc 
tion  of  the  tea  in  December,  1773.  and 
is  probably  the  only  man  who  ever 
confessed  to  a  share  in  this  transaction. 
He  died  Nov.  5,  1840,  in  Richfield,  N.  Y. 

HEWES.  JOSEPH,  signer  of  the  declar 
ation  of  independence,  was  born  in  1730. 
in  Kingston,  N.  J.  He  served  in  the  as 
sembly  of  the  province;  was  a  delegate 
from  North  Carolina  to  the  continental 
'congress  from  1774  to  1777.  and  again  in 
1779;  and  signed  the  declaration  of  in 
dependence.  He  was  de  facto  the  first 
secretary  of  the  navy.  He  died  Nov.  10. 
1779,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HEWETT,  EDWIN  CRAWFORD,  jour 
nalist,  educator,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  1.  1828,  in  Sutton.  Mass. 
He  was  professor  in  the  Illinois  State 
Normal  university  during  1858-76.  and 
president  of  that  institution  during  1876^ 
90.  He  is  now  the  associate  editor  of 
The  Public  School  Journal  of  Normal,  111.: 
and  the  author  of  Pedagogy:  Psychology; 
and  a  series  of  Arithmetics. 

HEWETT.  SEMUN  R.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  July  22,  1839.  in  Middle- 
bury,  N.  Y.  In  1864-65  he  was  interne  at 
the  Chicago  Eye  and  Ear  infirmary;  and 
for  many  years  local  surgeon  of  the  Chi 
cago.  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railroad 
company.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
physicians  and  surgeons  of  Iowa:  and  has 
a  large  practice  in  Charles  City;  is  prom 
inent  in  several  fraternal  orders:  and  is  a 
member  of  the  leading  medical  bodies  in 
America. 

HEWETT.   SUMNER  B.,  legislator,  ju 
rist,   was   born   June   22,    1833,   in    North- 
bridge.    Mass."     He    was    principally    edu 
cated     at     the     East 
1    Douglass      academy; 
became     a     school 
teacher:     clerked    in 

_f  a  store;     and   subse 

quently   an   account- 
fif  fll         ant    in    Boston.      In 
1  1854  he  married  and 

moved  to  Wright 
county.  Iowa,  and 
there  established  the 
Eagle  Grove  farm: 
and  Judge  Hewetl 
was  the  real  founder 
and  principal  owner  of  the  beautiful  cjty 
of  Eagle  Grove.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  county  court;  received  the 
re-election;  and  in  1862  was  appointed 
collector  of  internal  revenue.  In  1871 
he  was  elected  to  the  general  assembly 
of  the  state  of  Iowa:  and  the  session 
following  was  made  chairman  of  the 
agricultural  college  committee,  and  also 
H  member  of  several  other  important  com- 
mittets.  For  ten  years  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Iowa 
State  Agricultural  society.  For  twenty 
years  his  wife  had  charge  of  the  postofflce. 
He  has  been  prominently  identified  with 
the  growth  and  prosperity  of  Iowa,  and 
is  one  of  the  representative  men  of  that 
state.  Judge  Hewett  spends  his  winters 
in  California;  and  has  a  beautiful  resi 
dence  and  home  in  Santa  Barbara,  where 
he  is  very  popular. 

HEWETT.  WATERMAN  THOMAS, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1846. 
in  Miami,  Mo.  He  is  an  educator  who 
has  held  the  chair  of  German  literature  at 
Cornell  university  since  1883;  and  is  the 
author  of  The  Frisian  Language  and  Lit 
erature;  Aims  and  Efforts  of  Collegiate 
Study  of  Modern  Languages;  and  Mutual 
Relations  of  High  Schools  and  Colleges. 


^ 


KHUIXCSilAWS      KNl'YC'LOI'KIMA     OK     A  M  Kill! 'A1S      Ul<  ><  I  U  A  I'M  Y  . 


477 


HEVV1T.  HENRY  STEWART,  soldier, 
surgeon,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1825.  in  Fair- 
field,  Conn.  In  1861  he  entered  the  army 
as  brigade-surgeon  of  volunteers,  and 
was  bre vetted  colonel  in  March,  1865,  for 
gallant  conduct  during  the  war.  He  died 
Aug.  19,  1873,  in  New  York  city. 

HEWIT,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  28.  1788,  in  New  Lon 
don,  Conn.  For  many  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work,  and  subse 
quently  filled  pastorates  in  the  congrega 
tional  church.  He  was  one  of  the  found 
ers  of  the  Hartford  Theological  institute. 
He  died  Feb.  3,  1867.  in  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

HEWIT,  NATHANIEL  AUGUSTUS, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1820. 
in  Fail-field,  Conn.  He  is  a  Roman  catho 
lic  clergyman  who.  previous  to  1846,  was 
successively  a  congregational  and  episco 
pal  clergyman.  In  1858  he  entered  the 
Paulist  order,  taking  the  name  of  Augus 
tine  Francis,  and  since  1865  has  been  a 
professor  in  the  Paulist  seminary.  He  is 
the  author  of  Reasons  for  Submitting  to 
the  Catholic  Church;  Life  of  Princess 
Borghese;  Life  of  a  Modern  Martyr, — 
Dumoulin-Borie;  Problems  of  the  Age; 
The  King's  Highway;  and  Light  in  Dark 
ness. 

HEWITT,  ABRAM  STEVENS,  manu 
facturer,  congressman,  was  born  July  30, 
1822,  in  Rockland  county,  N.  Y.  In  1859 
he  organized  the  Cooper  Union  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  and  Art,  which 
has  been  eminently  successful.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  a  representative  to  the  for 
ty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth,  and  forty-ninth  congresses.  In 
1886  he  was  elected  mayor  of  New  York 
city;  and  resigned  his  seat  in  congress  to 
accept  that  position. 

HEWITT,  ALEXANDER.'  farmer,  state 
senator,  was  born  March  25.  1818,  in  Edin- 
burg,  N.  Y.  In  1884  he  settled  on  a  farm 
near  Hillsdale,  Mich.  He  was  president  of 
the  Hillsdale  County  Agricultural  society 
for  two  years;  and  in  1879  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  senate.  He  died  July  18.  1895,  in 
Hillsdale,  Mich. 

HEWITT,  C.  C..  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
in  New  York.  He  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  United  States  court  for  that 
district,  residing  at  Vancouver. 

HEWITT,  CHARLES  NATHANIEL, 
physician,  educator,  was  born  June  3, 
1836,  in  Vergennes,  Vt.  He  entered  the 
United  States  army  as  assistant  surgeon 
of  the  fiftieth  New  York  regiment,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  brigade  surgeon.  After 
the  war  he  removed  to  Red  Wing,  Minn., 
where  he  is  professor  of  public  health  in 
the  university  of  Minnesota. 

HEWITT,  EDWARD  CRAWFORD,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1828,  in 
Sutton,  Mass.  He  is  an  educator  of  Illi 
nois,  president  of  the  State  Normal  uni 
versity  since  1876;  and  author  of  Peda 
gogy  for  Young  Teachers. 

HEWITT.  MRS.  EMMA  [CHURCH 
MAN],  author,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1850,  in 
New  Orleans,  La.  She  is  a  writer  of  Phil 
adelphia;  and  the  author  of  Ease  in  Con 
versation;  Hints  to  Ballad  Singers;  and 
Queens  of  Home,  a  book  for  the  house 
hold. 

HEWITT,  GOLDSMITH  W.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  14, 
1834,  in  Jefferson  county,  Ala.  In  1870 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature;  and 
in  1872  was  made  state  senator,  and  served 
two  sessions.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-se\enth,  and  for 
ty-eighth  congresses. 


HEWITT.  HENRY,  JR..  lumberman, 
was  born  Oct.  22,  1840.  in  England.  He 
is  president  of  the  Wilkeson  Coal  and 
Coke  company  of  Tacoma.  The  latest, 
perhaps  his  most  important  work,  has 
been  the  founding  of  the  manufacturing 
town  of  Everett  on  Puget  sound,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Snohomish  river. 

HEWITT,  JOHN  HILL,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1801,  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
Baltimore  author,  once  a  rival  of  Poe.  He 
wrote  many  ballads,  among  which  is  The 
Minstrel's  Return  from  the  War;  The 
Governess,  a  comedy;  Washington, a  play; 
and  Shadows  on  the  Wall,  a  collection  of 
reminiscences. 

HEWITT,  MARY  ELIZABETH,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1818.  in  Maiden.  Mass. 
She  has  attained  national  reputation  as 
a  successful  poet.  She  is  the  wife  of  Mr. 
Stebbins  of  New  York  city. 

HEWSON,  ADDINELL.  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1828,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  visiting  surgeon  to  the 
Episcopal  hospital  in  1852-53,  from  1853 
till  1876  physician  to  Wills  hospital,  and 
since  1861  has  filled  that  office  in  the 
Pennsylvania  hospital.  He  has  edited 
several  medical  works. 

HEYWARD.  THOMAS,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born  in 
1746.  in  Parish  of  St.  Luke,  S.  C.  He  was 
elected  to  the  assembly  in  North  Carolina; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1776  to  1798,  and  signed  the  declara 
tion  of  independence  and  articles  of  con 
federation.  He  was  subsequently  a  judge 
of  the  civil  and  criminal  courts  of  the 
state.  He  died  March  6,  1809,  in  St.  Luke's 
Parish.  S.  C. 

HEYWARD,  WILLIAM,  JR.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Maryland  from  1823  to  1825. 

HEYWARD,  WILLIAM  NATHANIEL, 
soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born 
Aug.  26,  1841,  in  Grahamville,  S.  C.  After 
receiving  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  county,  he  attended  the 
South  Carolina  Military  academy  during 
1857-60.  During  the  war  he  was  captain 
of  infantry  in  the  confederate  service.  He 
attained  eminence  as  an  able  lawyer; 
served  as  judge  of  the  inferior  court  of 
South  Carolina;  served  with  distinction 
as  a  member  of  the  general  assembly  of 
South  Carolina;  and  was  for  many  years 
United  States  commissioner  of  the  circuit 
court. 

HEYWOOD.  JOHN  HEALY.  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  born  March  30,  1818,  in 
Worcester,  Mass.  He  was  two  years  edi 
tor  of  the  Louisville  Examiner,  and  a 
writer  for  the  Christian  Register,  Uni 
tarian  Review,  and  other  periodicals.  He 
continued  his  pastorate  in  Louisville  for 
over  forty  years,  the  oldest  ministerial 
charge  in  the  city. 

HIBBARD.  CHARLES  BENJAMIN, 
railroad  president,  was  born  March  31. 
1858,  in  Canada.  Since  1895  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Northern  New  York  rail 
road. 

HIBBARD.  ELLERY  ALBEE,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  July  31, 
1826,  in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  He  was  clerk 
of  the  state  house  of  representatives  in 
1852,  1853,  and  1854;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  in  1865  and  1866.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-second  congress; 
at  the  close  of  his  term  in  congress  was 
appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  served  as  such  until 
1874. 

HIBBARD,  FREEBORN  GARRETSON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1811. 
in  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  metho- 
dist  clergyman  of  western  New  York;  an:l 


the  author  of  Christian  Baptism;  Geog 
raphy  and  History  of  Palestine;  The 
Religion  of  Childhood;  Life  of  L.  L.  Ham- 
line;  Eschatology;  and  Commentary  on 
the  Psalms. 

HIBBARD.  GEORGE  ABIAH,  author, 
was  born  in  1858,  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
Buffalo  writer  of  short  stories,  notable 
for  excellence  of  workmanship;  and  the 
author  of  Iduna.  and  Other  Stories;  Now 
adays,  and  Other  Stories;  and  The  Gov 
ernor,  and  Other  Stories. 

HIBBARD.  HARRY,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  1,  1816,  in  Con 
cord,  N.  H.  He  was  assistant  clerk  of  the 
New  Hampshire  house  of  representatives 
in  1839;  clerk  of  the  same  from  1840  to 
1843;  and  speaker  of  the  house  in  1844 
and  1845;  in  the  state  senate  from  1846  to 
1849;  officiated  two  years  as  president. 
He  was  a  representath  e  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1849  to  1855.  He 
died  July  27,  1872,  in  Somersville. 

HIBBERD.  JAMES  FARQUHAR,  physi 
cian,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1816. 
near  New  Market,  Md.  He  has  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  state  legislature. 

HIBSHMAN.  JACOB,  congressman,  was. 
born  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1819  to  1821. 

HICKCOX.  JOHN  HOWARD,  librarian, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1832,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  has  contributed  to  periodicals, 
and  published  An  Historical  Account  of 
American  Coinage;  History  of  the  Bills  of 
Credit,  or  Paper  Money,  issued  by  New 
York  from  1709  to  1789;  Bibliography  of 
the  Writings  of  Dr.  Franklin  B.  Hough; 
and  Catalogue  of  United  States  Govern 
ment  Publications. 

HICKENLOOPEN,  ANDREW,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  lieutenant  governor,  was 
born  Aug.  10,  1837,  in  Hudson,  Ohio.  He 
was  brigadier-general  of  the  United  States 
volunteers;  has  served  as  United  States 
marshal  for  the  southern  district  of  Ohio; 
and  as  lieutenant  governor  of  the  state  of 
Ohio.  He  has  been  city  civil  engineer  of 
Cincinnati.  Ohio;  and  is  now  president 
of  the  Cincinnati  Gas  Light  and  Coke 
company. 

HICKLEY,  ARTHUR  SAMUEL,  invent 
or,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1852,  in  England. 
He  is  the  inventor  of  the  most  improved 
flexible  arm  for  suspending  a  trolley  wire. 
He  is  president  of  the  Hickley  Launch  and 
Electrical  Manufacturing  company  at  As- 
bury  Park,  N.  J. 

HICKMAN.  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  11. 
1810.  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  In  1845  he 
was  appointed  district  attorney  for  Ches 
ter  county,  holding  the  office  fifteen 
months.  In  1854  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-fifth,  thirty-sixth,  and  thirty- 
seventh  congresses.  In  1867  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature.  He 
died  March  23.  1875,  in  Westchester,  Pa. 

HICKMAN,  JOSEPH  H.,  banker,  finan 
cier,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1849,  in  Bohemia. 
He  received  a  thorough  education,  and 
graduated  from  the  state  university  of 
Princeton,  N.  J.  He  is  a  successful  banker 
and  broker  of  Kirksville,  Mo.;  and  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  business  and 
public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

HICKMAN,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  was 
born  Feb.  4,  1747,  in  King  and  Queen 
county,  Va.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  1776,  and  in  1784  settled  in  Fayette 
county,  Ky.,  and  founded  many  churches 
in  Kentucky.  He  died  in  1830,  in  Ken 
tucky. 


478 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HICKOK,  LAURENS  PERSEUS,  educa 
tor  clergyman,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  29,  1798,  in  Danbury,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  who 
held  several  college  professorships,  and 
was  president  of  Union  college  in  1866-68. 
He  subsequently  lived  at  Amherst.  He  was 
the  author  of  Logic  of  Reason;  Moral 
Science;  Empirical  Psychology;  Rational 
Psychology;  Rational  Cosmology;  Crea 
tor  and  Creation;  and  Humanity  Immor 
tal.  He  died  May  6,  1888,  in  Amherst, 
Mass. 

HICKOX  JOHN  HOWARD,  librarian, 
author,  was  born  in  1832,  in  New  York. 
He  was  the  state  librarian  of  New  York 
in  1848-63,  and  subsequently  employed  in 
the  congressional  library.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Historical  Account  of  American 
Coinage;  History  of  New  York  Paper 
Money;  and  Catalogue  of  United  States 
Government  Publications. 

HICKS,  ELIAS,  controversialist,  author, 
was  born  March  19,  1748,  in  Hempstead, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  famous  Quaker  contro 
versialist,  and  founder  of  the  sect  known 
as  Hicksite  Quakers.  He  was  an  early 
and  very  active  opponent  of  slavery.  He 
was  the  author  of  Observations  on  Sla 
very;  Journal  of  Life  and  Religious  La 
bors  of  Ellas  Hicks;  and  Doctrinal  Epis 
tle.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1830,  in  Jericho, 
N.  Y. 

HICKS,  GWIN,  journalist,  public  official, 
was  born  Oct.  28,  1855,  near  Olympia, 
Wash.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools;  and 
graduated  from  the 
university  of  Califor 
nia.  He  learned  the 
printer's  trade  in  his 
father's  office;  and 
subsequently  filled 
the  editorial  chair  on 
various  publications 
in  his  state.  He  has 
been  internal  revenue 
collector;  and  was 
commissioned  lieu 
tenant-colonel  by  Governor  Semple.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  constitutional 
convention  of  Washington;  was  the  au 
thor  and  promoter  of  the  present  primary 
election  law  of  that  state;  and  in  1897 
was  elected  state  printer. 

HICKS,  HENRY  GEORGE,  soldier,  law 
yer  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Jan. 
26,  1838,  in  Varysburg,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  company  A,  second 
Illinois  regiment,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
sergeant-major,  and  adjutant  of  the  regi 
ment.  He  was  elected  to  the  Minnesota 
state  legislature  in  1877,  serving  four  con 
secutive  terms.  In  1887  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  fourth  district,  and  served 
until  1895.  In  1897-98  he  again  served 
with  distinction  in  the  state  legislature. 

HICKS,  JOSIAH  D.,  soldier,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1844,  in  Chester 
county,  Pa.  During  the  war  he  served  as 
a  private  in  the  Pennsylvania  volunteer 
infantry.  He  has  always  been  an  active  re 
publican;  served  his  party  as  county 
chairman  and  also  as  a  member  of  the 
state  committee.  In  1880  he  was  elected 
district  attorney  of  Blair  county;  and  in 
1883  was  accorded  a  unanimous  renomina- 
tlon  and  was  re-elected.  In  1884  he  formed 
a  law  partnership  in  Altoona  with  his 
former  preceptor,  Hon.  Daniel  J.  Neff; 
this  partnership  continues  at  the  present 
time  under  the  firm  name  of  Neff,  Hicks 
and  Geesey.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and 
fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 


HICKS,  THOMAS,  artist,  was  born  Oct. 
18,  1823,  in  Newton,  Pa.  Among  his  port 
raits  is' that  of  Dr.  Kane  in  the  Cabin  of 
The  Advance,  and  a  large  picture  of  The 
Contemporaneous  Authors  of  America,  in 
which  the  figures  are  of  life-size. 

HICKS,  THOMAS  HOLLIDAY,  mer 
chant,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1798,  in  Dorchester 
county,  Mass.  In  1836  he  was  a  presi 
dential  elector;  was  also  a  member  of  the 
governor's  council;  and  in  1838  was  ap 
pointed  register  of  wills.  He  frequently 
served  in  the  legislature  of  the  state;  was 
governor  from  1858  to  1862;  and  was  ap 
pointed  a  senator  in  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy.  He  died  Feb.  13,  1865,  in  Wash 
ington  city. 

HICKS,  WHITEHEAD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1728,  in  Flushing,  L.  I. 
He  was  clerk  of  Queens  county  from  1752 
till  1757;  mayor  of  New  York  city  from 
1766  till  1776;  and  judge  of  the  New  York 
supreme  court  from  1776  till  his  death. 
He  died  in  October,  1780,  in  Flushing,  L.  I. 
HIESTAND,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  2,  1824,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  Pennsylvania  as  a  whig  in 
1852,  1853,  and  1856.  He  was  elected  a 
state  senator  in  1860,  for  a  term  of  three 
years;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1864, 
and  was  appointed  by  the  electoral  col 
lege  the  messenger  to  carry  the  vote  to 
Washington.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

HIESTER,  DANIEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Berks  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1809  till  1811. 
HIESTER,  DANIEL,  soldier,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  June  25,  1747,  in 
Bern  township,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  1789  till  1796,  when  he  re 
signed  and  removed  to  Hagerstown,  Md. 
In  1801  he  was  again  elected  to  congress. 
He  died  March  7,  1804,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

HIESTER,  ISAAC  ELLMAKER,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  about  1820,  in  Lan 
caster  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  thirty-third  congress,  in  which  he  ex 
pressed  opinions  upon  the  slavery  ques 
tion  not  in  harmony  with  those  of  his 
constituency,  and  at  the  next  election  was 
defeated.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1871,  in  Lan 
caster. 

HIESTER,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  April  9,  1746,  in  Bern,  Pa.  He 
served  in  congress  from  1807  till  1809.  He 
died  Oct.  15,  1821. 

HIESTER,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Nov.  18,  1752,  in  Bern  township.  He  was 
promoted  colonel,  was  captured  and  con 
fined  in  the  Jersey  prison-ship.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  1776;  and  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1790,  and  served  five 
years  in  the  house  and  four  in  the  senate 
of  Pennsylvania.  In  1807  he  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  two  major-generals  to 
command  the  quota  of  Pennsylvania  mili 
tia  that  was  called  for  by  the  president. 
He  served  in  congress  from  1797  till  1805, 
and  again  from  1815  till  1820,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1821  till  1823.  He  died  June 
10,  1832,  in  Reading,  Pa. 

HIESTER,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Bern,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  to  congress  as  a  whig  in 
1831,  serving  until  1837,  in  which  year  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional 
convention.  He  died  Oct.  14.  1853.  in  Lan 
caster  county. 


HIGBEE,  ELNATHAN  ELISHA,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
March  27,  1830,  in  Saint  George,  Vt.  In 
1871  he  was  made  president  of  Mercers- 
burg  college,  and  in  1881  appointed  super 
intendent  of  public  instruction  for  Penn 
sylvania. 

HIGBY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1813, 
in  Essex  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  district 
attorney  of  Calaveras  county,  Cal.,  from 
1853  to  1859;  and  in  1862  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate.  In  1863  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  California  to  the 
thirty-eighth,  thirty-ninth,  and  fortieth 
congresses. 

HIGGINS,  ANTHONY,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1840,  in  New  Castle 
county,  Del.  He  attended  the  Newark 
academy,  Delaware 
college,  Yale  college, 
and  the  Harvard  Law 
school.  In  1864  he  was 
appointed  deputy  at 
torney-general;  was 
United  States  attor 
ney  for  Delaware 
from  1869  until  1876; 
was  chairman  of  the 
republican  state  com 
mittee  in  1868;  and 
received  the  votes  of 
the  republican  mem 
bers  of  the  legislature  for  the  United 
States  senate  in  1881.  He  was  republican 
candidate  for  congress  in  1884,  and  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
republican,  and  took  his  seat  March  4, 
1889.  His  term  of  service  expired  March 
3,  1895. 

HIGGINS,  JAMES  WALLACE,  physl 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  March  31,  1845. 
in  Chittenden  county,  Vt.  He  graduated 
in  medicine  from  the 
college  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  Keo- 
kuk,  Iowa.  He  has 
attained  success  as  a 
prominent  physician 
and  surgeon  of  Lau- 
rens,  Iowa,  where 
he  always  has  been 
prominently  identi 
fied  with  the  public 
affairs  of  his  county 
and  state.  He  has 
been  chief  medical 

examiner  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance 
society  of  the  United  States;  a  member 
of  the  Northwestern  Medical  association 
of  Iowa;  and  health  physician  of  his  city. 

HIGGINS,  RICHARD  THOMAS,  physi 
cian,  banker,  state  legislator,  was  born 
June  9,  1842,  in  Beardstown,  111.  For 
nearly  two  years  he  was  acting  assistant 
surgeon  of  the  United  States  army;  and 
has  served  as  United  States  pension  sur 
geon.  He  was  a  member  of  the  thirty- 
eighth  general  assembly  of  the  Illinois 
house  of  representatives;  and  since  1875 
has  been  president  of  the  Farmers'  and 
Merchants'  National  bank  of  Vandalia, 
111. 

HIGGINSON,  MRS.  ELLA  [RHOADS], 
druggist,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1862. 
in  Kansas.  She  is  a  druggist  of  NewWhat- 
com,  Wash.,  who  has  written  poetry  of  a 
popular  character,  and  The  Flower  that 
Grew  in  the  Sand,  and  Other  Stories. 

HIGGINSON,  FRANCIS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1588,  in  England.  He 
was  a  puritan  clergyman  of  Salem  who 
emigrated  to  America  in  1629;  and  the 
author  of  True  Relation  of  the  Last  Voy 
age  to  New  England;  and  New  England's 
Plantation.  He  died  Aug.  6.  1630,  in  Salem. 
Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


479 


HIGGINSON,  FRANCIS  JOHN,  naval 
•officer,  was  born  July  19,  1843,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  became  a  lieutenant  in  1862, 
lieutenant-commander  in  1866,  and  com 
mander  in  1876,  and  in  1887  was  in  charge 
of  the  torpedo  station  at  Newport,  R.  I. 

HIGGINSON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  6,  1616,  in  England.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  of  Sa 
lem,  from  1659  till  his  death  in  charge 
•of  the  church  founded  by  his  father,  and 
widely  popular  in  New  England.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Cause  of  God  and  His 
People  in  New  England;  and  Attestation 
to  Cotton  Mather's  Magnalia.  He  died 
Dec.  9,  1708,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

HIGGINSON,  MRS.  MARY  POTTER 
LTHACHER],  author,  was  born  in  1844  in 
Maine.  She  is  the  author  of  Seashore 
and  Prairie,  stories  and  sketches. 

HIGGINSON,  MRS.  SARAH  JANE 
JHATFIELD],  author,  was  born  in  1840 
in  Pennsylvania.  She  is  a  writer  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  A  Princess 
of  Java,  a  tale  of  the  Far  East;  Java:  the 
Pearl  of  the  East;  and  The  Bedouin  Girl. 

HIGGINSON,  STEPHEN,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  continental  congress  in  1782  and  1783. 

HIGGINSON,  STEPHEN,  merchant,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1743,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  a  merchant  of  Boston  of 
note  in  his  day  as  a  political  writer;  and 
the  author  of  Essays  by  Laco,  reprinted 
as  Ten  Chapters  in  the  Life  of  John 
Hancock;  and  Defense  of  Jay's  Treaty. 
He  died  Nov.  22,  1828,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

HIGGINSON,  STEPHEN,  merchant,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1770,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  became  a  merchant  and 
philanthropist  in  Boston,  and  was  known 
as  the  Man  of  Ross  of  his  day.  He  died 
Feb.  20,  1834,  in  Cambridge.  Mass. 

HIGGINSON,  THOMAS  WENTWORTH, 
soldier,  clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1823,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  is 
an  essayist  and  litterateur  of  Cambridge. 
During  the  civil  war  he  commanded  a  reg 
iment  of  freedmen.  His  writings  include, 
The  Birthday  in  Fairy  Land;  Woman  and 
her  Wishes;  Out-Door  Papers;  a  trans 
lation  of  Epictetus;  Malbone,  a  romance; 
Army  Life  in  a  Black  Regiment;  Atlan 
tic  Essays;  Sympathy  of  Religions;  Old- 
port  Days;  Young  Folks'  History  of  the 
United  States;  Young  Folks'  Book  of 
American  Explorers;  Short  Studies  of 
American  Authors;  Common  Sense  about 
Women;  Life  of  Margaret  Fuller;  Larger 
History  of  the  United  States;  Travelers 
and  Outlaws;  Women  and  Men;  The  Aft 
ernoon  Landscape,  a  collection  of  po 
ems;  Life  of  Francis  Higginson;  The 
New  World  and  the  New  Book;  Concern 
ing  All  of  Us;  Such  as  They  Are;  The 
Monarch  of  Dreams;  Hints  on  Writing 
and  Speech-Making;  Cheerful  Yesterdays; 
English  History  for  Americans;  and  Book 
and  Heart. 

HIGINBOTHAM,  HARLOW  N.,  soldier, 
merchant,  was  born  in  1813  near  Joliet, 
111.  In  August,  1862,  Mr.  Higinbotham 
accompanied  the  Mercantile  battery  to  the 
front,  and,  being  detailed  for  special  serv 
ice,  became  chief  clerk  for  the  chief  quar 
termaster,  United  States  volunteers,  de 
partment  of  the  Ohio,  and  served  in  West 
Virginia,  Ohio,  Kentucky  and  Tennessee. 
As  president,  Mr.  Higinbotham  adminis 
tered  the  affairs  of  the  exposition  until 
the  end.  In  1878  Field,  Leiter  and  Com 
pany  made  him  a  partner,  and  on  the  re 
tirement  of  Mr.  Leiter  he  became  one  of 
the  new  firm  of  Marshall  Field  and  Com 
pany. 


HIGLEY,  WARREN,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  July  1,  1833,  near  Au 
burn,  N.  Y.  For  a  number  of  years  he 
taught  school;  and 
in  1862  graduated 
from  Hamilton  col 
lege.  He  subsequent 
ly  Decame  secretary 
of  the  board  of  edu 
cation  of  Auburn: 
was  principal  of  the 
high  school;  and  su 
perintendent  of  pub 
lic  schools.  In  1874 
he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Cincin 
nati;  and  in  1881  was 
elected  judge  of  the  city  court.  He  was  a 
founder  of  the  Ohio  State  Forestry  asso 
ciation,  and  was  its  president  until  his 
removal  to  New  York  city  in  1884. 

HILBORN,  SAMUEL  GREELEY,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1834, 
in  Minot,  Maine.  He  served  in  the  Cali 
fornia  state  senate  from  1875  to  1879; 
and  was  appointed  United  States  district 
attorney  for  the  district  of  California  in 
1883.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
congress  as  a  republican,  to  fill  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  Hon.  Joseph  McKenna,  ap 
pointed  United  States  circuit  judge,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

HILDEBURN,  CHARLES  SWIFT 
RICHE,  librarian,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
14,  1855,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has 
been  the  librarian  of  the  Philadelphia 
Athenaeum  since  1876;  and  is  the  author 
of  A  Century  of  Printing,  or  the  Issues  of 
the  Press  in  Pennsylvania,  1685-1784;  and 
Printers  and  Printing  in  Colonial  New 
York. 

HILDEBURN,  MRS.  MARY  JANE 
[REED],  author,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1821,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  was  a  Philadelphia 
writer  of  Sunday-school  tales,  among 
which  are,  Day  Dreams;  Archy  and  Pussy 
Series;  Dr.  Leslie's  Boys;  and  Gaffney's 
Tavern.  She  died  Sept.  18,  1882,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

HILDRETH,  AZRO  '  BENJAMIN 
FRANKLIN,  educator,  journalist,  busi 
ness  man,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  29, 
1816,  in  Chelsea,  Vt.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  high  schools  and  acad 
emies  of  Chelsea,  Randolph  and  Bradford, 
Vt.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  became  a 
schoolteacher,  and  for  thirty-five  years 
was  a  printer,  editor  and  publisher  of 
several  newspapers.  He  has  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  general  as 
sembly  of  the  Iowa  state  legislature;  was 
a  member  of  the  Iowa  state  board  of  edu 
cation  and  various  other  institutions.  He 
is  the  principal  owner  of  the  electric  light 
plant  of  Charles  City,  Iowa;  and  the  own 
er  of  the  Hiltlreth  hotel  and  opera  house 
of  that  city. 

HILDRETH,  CHARLES  LOTIN,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  28, 
1858,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  editor 
of  Demorest's  Magazine  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  the  author  of  the  Masque  of 
Death,  a  volume  of  poems;  The  Mysteri 
ous  City;  Judith;  Damar;  The  New  Sym 
phony;  Art  in  America;  and  other  works. 
He  died  in  1896. 

HILDRETH,  EUGEN1US  AUGUSTUS, 
physician,  inventor,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  13,  1821,  in  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  He 
was  the  inventor  of  surgical  appliances, 
and  published  articles  upon  Medical  Bot 
any  of  West  Virginia;  Meteorology  and 
Epidemic  Diseases  of  Ohio  County;  and 
Biographies  of  Physicians  of  Wheeling 
for  the  Last  Hundred  Years. 


HILDRETH,  EZEKIEL,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  18,  1784,  in  Westford, 
Mass.  He  was  an  educator  of  Ohio  and 
Virginia;  and  the  author  of  Logopolis,  a 
grammatical  treatise;  and  A  Key  to 
Knowledge.  He  died  March  15,  1856,  in 
Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

HILDRETH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Oct.  18,  1851,  in  England.  He 
has  been  alderman  of  Holyoke,  Mass.;  and 
identified  with  the  improvement  of  his 
city.  He  served  as  a  representative  to 
the  general  court  of  his  state. 

HILDRETH,  RICHARD,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  22,  1807,  in  Deerfield. 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  journalist  and 
historian  who  was  consul  at  Trieste  in  his 
later  years.  He  was  the  author  of  Archy 
Moore,  an  anti-slavery  novel;  History  of 
Banks;  Theory  of  Politics;  Despotism  in 
America;  Japan  as  it  Was  and  Is;  and 
History  of  the  United  States  from  the  Dis 
covery  of  the  Continent  to  the  Close  of 
the  Sixteenth  Congress  in  1820,  a  work 
which  has  few  charms  of  style,  though  its 
general  merit  is  unquestioned.  He  died 
July  11,  1865,  in  Florence,  Italy. 

HILDRETH,  SAMUEL  PRESCOTT, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1783] 
in  Methuen,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician 
once  prominent  in  Marietta,  Ohio,  where 
he  settled  in  1806.  He  was  the  author  of 
History  of  the  Diseases  and  Climate  of 
Southeastern  Ohio;  Lives  of  the  Early 
Settlers  of  Ohio;  Contributions  to  the  Ear 
ly  History  of  the  Northwest;  Meteorologi 
cal  Observations  (with  J.  Wood);  Pio 
neer  History  of  the  Ohio  Valley  (1848); 
and  Biographical  and  Historical  Memoirs 
of  Early  Pioneer  Settlers  of  Ohio.  He 
died  July  24,  1863,  in  Marietta,  Ohio. 

HILES,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
was  born  May  22,  1858,  in  Fayette  coun 
ty,  Ohio.  He  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation  in  the  Iowa  college;  took  up  the 
profession  of  law;  and  is  now  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of  Kansas  at  Norton. 

HILGARD,  EUGENE  WALDEMAR, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1833, 
in  Bavaria.  He  has  been  a  professor  of 
agricultural  chemistry  at  the  university 
of  California  since  1875.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Geology  and  Agriculture  of  Mis 
sissippi;  Geology  of  Lower  Louisiana; 
Cotton  Production  in  the  United  States; 
and  Climatic  Features  of  the  Arid  Re 
gions  of  the  Pacific  Slope. 

HILGARD,  JULIUS  ERASMUS,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  in  1825  in  Ba 
varia.  He  was  a  civil  engineer  of  note  who 
was  superintendent  of  the  United  States 
coast  survey  in  1881-85;  and  published 
many  valuable  professional  papers.  He 
died  May  8,  1891,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HILL,  ADAMS  SHERMAN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1833  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  has  been  the  Boylston  profes 
sor  of  rhetoric  at  Harvard  university  since 
1876;  and  is  the  author  .of  Our  English; 
The  Principles  of  Rhetoric;  and  The 
Foundations  of  Rhetoric. 

HILL,  MRS.  AGNES  LEONARD 
[SCANLAND],  author,  poet,  was  born  in 
1842  in  Kentucky.  She  is  the  author  of 
Mollie  Myrtle;  Myrtle  Blossoms;  Van 
quished,  a  novel;  and  Heights  and  Depths. 

HILL,  AMBROSE  POWELL,  soldier, 
was  bern  Nov.  9,  1825,  in  Culpeper  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  died  April  7,  1865,  in  Peters 
burg,  Va. 

HILL,  BENJAMIN  DIONYSIUS,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1842  in 
England.  He  is  a  Roman  catholic  clergy 
man  and  educator,  for  some  time  at  Notre 
Dame  university,  who  has  published  Po 
ems  Devotional  and  Occasional. 


4*0 


M  Kit  1  MIS  HAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA 


A.MKUICAN     BIOORAPHT. 


HILL.  BENJAMIN  HARVEY,  lawyer. 
I'nited  States  senator,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1823,  in  Jasper 
county,  Ga.  In  1851  he  was  elected  to  the 
Georgia  state  legislature;  was  an  unsuc 
cessful  candidate  for  congress  in  1855.  and 
forgovernor  in  1857.  He  was  again  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1859 
and  1860;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 

1861.  In  1875  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative   from    Georgia   to   the    forty-fourth 
congress   to   fill  a  vacancy:    and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress.  He  was 
elected    a    senator    of    the    United    States 
from  Georgia  for   the  term   of  six   years 
from  March  4,   1877.     He  was  the  author 
of   Notes  on   the   Situation;    and   Address 
to  the  People  of  Georgia.     He  died   Aug. 
19,   1882.  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

HILL.  BR1TTON  ARMSTRONG,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1818  in  New- 
Jersey.  He  Is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  St. 
Louis;  and  the  author  of  Liberty  and 
l.a w  under  Federative  Government;  Abso 
lute  Money;  and  Specie  Resumption  and 
National  Bankruptcy  Identical. 

HILL.  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  23, 
1833.  in  Truxton,  N.  Y.  He  enlisted  in 
company  F,  eighth  Illinois  cavalry  in 

1862,  and   was  in  the  battle  of  Antietam. 
He  was  elected  state's  attorney  in  1868  for 
the  counties  of  Will  and  Grundy;  declined 
a   renomination,   and  was   elected  to   the 
fifty-first    congress    as    a    republican.      In 
1897  he  was  appointed  assistant  attorney- 
general  of  the  state. 

HILL.  CLEMENT  S..  congressman.  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  185:1 
to  1855. 

HILL.  DANIEL  HARVEY.soldier.  math 
ematician,  author,  was  born  in  1821  in  South 
Carolina.  He  was  a  noted  mathematician 
who  held  professorships  in  several  south 
ern  colleges  before  and  since  the  civil 
war.  but  during  that  conflict  was  a  gen 
eral  in  the  confederate  army.  He  was  the 
author  of  Elements  of  Algebra:  Consid 
eration  of  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount;  and 
The  Crucifixion  of  Christ.  He  died  Sept. 
25,  1889.  in  Charlotte,  N.  C. 

HILL,  DAVID  BENNETT,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist.  governor.  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Aug.  29.  1843.  in  Havana,  N.  Y. 
He  was  appointed 
city  attorney  of  El- 
mira;  and  in  1868 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
democratic  state  con 
vention.  In  1870  he 
was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state 
legislature;  was  re- 
elected  in  1871.  In 
1881  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the 
common  council  of 
Elmira;  and  In  1882 
was  elected  mayor  of  Elmira.  In  the  fall 
of  the  same  year  he  was  elected  lieuten 
ant-governor  of  New  York;  and  in  1884 
became  governor  of  the  state  of  New 
York.  In  188H  he  was  elected  governor 
for  a  full  term  of  four  years,  and  In  1891 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
as  a  democrat. 

HILL.  DAVID  H.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  12.  1833,  in 
North  Berwick.  Maine.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Hampshire  state  legisla 
ture  in  1870-71,  and  since  1880  has  been 
judge  of  probate  of  his  county.  His  po 
ems  have  appeared  in  standard  publica 
tion*. 

HILL.  DAVID  JA  YNE.  educator,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  June  10,  1850. 
in  Plainfleld.  N.  .1.  He  is  an  educator  of 


note,  president  of  the  Lewisburg  univer 
sity.  Pa.,  since  1879,  and  subsequently  of 
the  university  of  Rochester.  N.  Y.  He  is 
the  author  of  Science  of  Rhetoric;  Ele 
ments  of  Rhetoric;  Life  of  Washington 
Irving;  Life  of  Bryant:  Principles  and 
Fallacies  of  Socialism:  Social  Influences 
of  Christianity;  The  Elements  of  Psy 
chology;  and  Genetic  Philosophy. 

HILL,  EBENEZER  J..  business  man. 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  4. 
1845,  in  Redding.  Conn.  He  is  president 
of  the  Norwalk  Gas 
Light  company,  and 
vice-president  of  the 
National  bank  of 
Norwalk.  He  has 
served  twice  as  bur 
gess  of  Norwalk; 
and  twice  as  chair 
man  of  the  board  of 
school  visitors  of 
Norwalk.  He  was  the 
fourth  district  dele 
gate  to  the  national 
republican  conven 
tion  of  1884;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Connecticut  senate  for  1886-87.  He  served 
one  term  upon  the  republican  state  cen 
tral  committee;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

HILL.  EDWARD  JUDSON.  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  Chicago;  and  the  author  of 
Common  Law  Jurisdiction  in  Illinois; 
Chancery  Jurisdiction  in  Illinois;  Probate 
Jurisdiction  in  Illinois:  and  Municipal 
Offices  in  Illinois. 

HILL.  FRANCES  M..  missionary,  was 
born  in  New  York.  As  an  American  mis 
sionary  to  Greece  she  greatly  aided  the 
cause  of  female  education  in  that  coun 
try.  She  died  Aug.  •",.  18X4.  in  Athens. 
Greece. 

HILL.  FRANK  ALPINE,  educator,  lit 
lerateur,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1841,  in  Bidde- 
t'ord,  Maine.  He  is  now  secretary  of  the 
Massachusetts  state  board  of  education. 
He  has  written  extensively  for  the  press 
and  as  a  public  lecturer  is  well  known.  He 
was  the  editor  of  the  revised  Holmes' 
Series  of  Readers. 

HILL,  FREDERIC  STANHOPE,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1829  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  journalist  of  Cam 
bridge:  and  the  author  of  Twenty  Years 
at  Sea.  or  Leaves  from  my  Old  Log- 
Hooks;  and  Historical  Continuity  of  the 
Anglican  Church. 

HILL.  GEORGE,  author,  poet,  was  born 
in  1796  in  Guilford,  Conn.  He  was  a 
verse  writer  who  held  several  govern 
ment  clerkships,  and  after  1835  lived  at 
Guilford.  his  native  town.  He  was  the 
author  of  Ruins  of  Athens,  and  Other 
Poems;  and  Titania's  Banquet,  and  Other 
Poems.  He  died  Dec.  15,  1871  in  New 
York. 

HILL.  GEORGE  CANNING,  author,  was 
born  in  1825  in  Connecticut.  He  is  the 
author  of  Lives  of  Captain  John  Smith 
Israel  Putnam.  Benedict  Arnold.  Daniel 
Boone;  Homespun,  or  Five  and  Twenty 
Years  Ago:  and  Our  Parish,  or  Pen  I'aint 
ings  of  Village  Life. 

HILL.   GEORGE    WILLIAM,      astrono 
mer,  inventor,  author,  was  born  March  ::. 
1838.   in   New   York  city.     His   researches 
on  the  lunar  theory  have  attracted  at  ten 
tion.    and    in    1887    he    was   awarded    the 
gold  medal  of  the  Royal   Astrononieal  so 
ciety  of  London  for  his  investigations.  II. 
Is  the  author  of  upward  of  forty  articles 
and   memoirs. 


HILL.  HAMILTON  ANDREWS,  author, 
was  born  in  1827  in  England.  He  was  a 
Boston  writer  who  published  History  of 
the  Old  South  Church,  Boston,  1669-1884; 
and  Memoir  of  Abbot  Lawrence.  He  died 
in  1895. 

HILL.  HENRY  ALEXANDER,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  was  born  Noy.  6, 
1844,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  In  1884  he  be 
came  a  teacher  in  the  Southern  univer 
sity.  New  Orleans,  La.:  and  in  1887  was 
elected  its  president. 

HILL,  HENRY  BARKER,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  27,  1849,  in  Wal- 
tham.  Mass.  He  has  been  a  professor 
of  chemistry  at  Hazard  university  since 
1879;  and  is  the  author  of  Notes  on 
Qualitative  Analysis. 

HILL.  HUGH  CLEMENT,  lawyer,  was 
horn  in  Massachusetts.  In  1870  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  assistant  attorney  general  of 
the  United  States. 

HILL.  HUGH  L.  W.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1847 
to  1849. 

HILL,     ISAAC,     journalist,     governor, 
United   States  senator,   was   born  Aug.  7. 
1788,  in  Somerville.  Mass.     He  was  twice 
chosen    clerk   of   the   state    senate;      was 
once  a  representative  in  the  legislature; 
and   was   elected    a   member  of   the   state 
senate  in  1820,  1821,  1822  and  1827.  In  1829 
he   was  appointed   second  comptroller  of 
the   treasury,  and    held    the     office   until 
1830.     He  returned  to     New     Hampshire, 
and  was  elected  United  States  senator  for 
six  years,  from  1831;    in  1836  he  resigned 
his  senatorship.  after  being  elected  gov 
ernor  of  New   Hampshire:    and   was     re- 
elected    in    1837    and    1838.      In    1840    he 
was  appointed  sub-treasurer  at  Boston.  He 
died  March  22.  1851,  in  Washington.  D.  C. 
HILL.   JAMES  J.,     railroad     president, 
was  born  Sept.   16.  1838.  in  Canada.  The 
St.  Paul.  Minneapolis  and   Manitoba  com 
pany  is  now   identi 
fied    with    the   Great 
Northern         railway 
system,  of  which  Mr. 
Hill     became     presi 
dent   in   1890.     Since 
he  took  charge  of  its 
affairs,   the     railway 
system  has  been  ex 
tended    from    380   to 
4,500  miles,   creating 
an      unbroken      line, 
through   the   several 
states,      from      Lake 
Superior  and  St.  Paul  to  Puget  Sound  on 
the  Pacific  coast.     The  company  also  now 
owns  a  superb  fleet  of  steamships  on  the 
great    lakes,   the   passenger   steamers   not 
being   surpassed    in  speed,   design   or  ac 
commodations    by    any    of    the   great   At 
lantic  lines. 

HILL.  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Virginia.  He  was  a  representative  in  con- 
uress  from  that  state  from  1839  to  1841. 

HILL.  JOHN,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Stokes  county,  N. 
C.  He  served  many  years  in  the  legisla 
ture  of  the  state;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1839  to  1841. 

HILL.  JOHN,  merchant,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  June  10  1821  in 
Catskill.  N.  Y.  In  1860  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature;  was  twice  re-elect 
ed,  and  was  made  speaker  of  the  assem 
bly.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  fortieth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
nrst  and  forty-second  congresses.  He  was 

slate  senator  from  1875  to  1878;  and 
was  again  a  representative  in  the  forty- 
seventh  congress.  He  died  July  24  1884 
in  Boonton.  N.  J 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


481 


HILL,  JOHN  McCLARY,  journalist, 
was  born  Nov.  5,  1821,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 
He  aided  his  father  in  the  publication  of 
Hill's  New  Hampshire  Patriot  till  1847, 
when  it  was  merged  in  the  New  Hamp 
shire  Patriot,  with  which  journal  he  was 
also  connected  till  1853,  and  again  in 
1868-73. 

HILL,  JOSEPH,  merchant,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  the  organiza 
tion  of  the  people's  party  in  Lewis  coun 
ty,  Wash.;  and  in  1896  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate. 

HILL,  JOSHUA,  lawyer,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  10, 
1812,  in  Abbeville  district,  S.  C.  He  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress  from 
Georgia;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  In 
1866  he  was  ap 
pointed  collector  for 
the  port  of  Savan 
nah.  In  1876  he  was 
appointed  a  visitor  to 
the  West  Point  acad 
emy,  as  well  as  a 
register  in  bank 
ruptcy;  and  in  1868  was  elected  a  senator 
in  congress  for  the  term  ending  in  1873. 
He  died  March  6,  1891,  in  Madison,  Ga. 

HILL,  LUCY  ANN,  educator,  linguist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1831,  in  Lowell, 
Mass.  Since  her  youth  she  has  been  en 
gaged  in  educational  work.  She  spent 
five  years  in  Europe  studying  Latin,  Ital 
ian,  French  and  German;  and  has  since 
been  very  successful  in  teaching  those 
languages.  She  is  the  president  of  the 
Educational  and  Industrial  Union  of 
Lowell,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Rhine 
Roamings,  consisting  of  descriptions  of 
the  beautiful  scenery  and  objects  of  in 
terest  on  the  Rhine,  interspersed  with  leg 
endary  lore. 

HILL,  MARK  LANGDON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  30,  1772,  in  Biddeford,  Maine.  He  was 
at  various  periods  a  member  of  the  sen 
ate  and  house  of  representatives  of  Massa 
chusetts,  a  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas,  member  of  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1819  to  1821,  and  from 
Maine  from  1821  to  1823.  He  was  post 
master  at  Phippsburg,  Maine;  collector  of 
the  port  at  Bath,  and  held  several  town 
and  county  offices.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1842,  in 
Phippsburg,  Maine. 

HILL,  NATHANIEL  PETER,  educator, 
business  man,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Feb.  13,  1832,  in  Orange  county,  N. 
Y.  He  graduated  from  the  Brown  uni 
versity  of  Providence,  R.  I.;  and  was  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  in  that  institution 
during  1857-64.  During  1864-97  he  has 
been  manager  of  various  large  enterprises 
in  Colorado,  with  headquarters  at  Den 
ver.  During  1879-85  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  United  States  senator. 

HILL,  NICHOLAS,  lawyer,  author,  born 
Oct.  16,  1806,  in  Montgomery  county,  N. 
Y.  He  was  appointed  state  law  reporter 
in  1841.  He  published  New  York  Reports, 
1841-44.  in  seven  volumes.  He  died  May 
1,  1859. 

HILL,  RALPH,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  12,  1827,  in  Johnson,  Ohio. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  In 
diana  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

HILL,  RICHARD,  merchant,  statesman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  elected 
to  the  assembly  of  Pennsylvania  in  1710, 
and  served  in  this  body  continuously  until 
1721,  being  three  times  speaker.  He  died 
Sept.  4,  1729,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

31 


HILL,  ROBERT  ANDREWS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  March  25,  1811,  in  Ire- 
dell  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  a  con 
stable,  and  in  1836  a  justice  of  the  peace. 
In  1847  he  was  elected  a  circuit  attorney 
general  and  held  the  office  until  1854. 
Soon  afterward  he  removed  to  Mississippi, 
and  was  made  a  judge  of  probate.  In  1866 
he  was  appointed  United  States  judge  for 
the  district  of  Mississippi. 

HILL,  ROBERT  H.,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  April  9,  1856,  in  Ala 
bama.  In  1880  he  went  to  Waco,  Texas, 
and  opened  Hill's  Business  college,  and 
this  college  ranks  with  the  first  of  its 
kind  in  the  United  States. 

HILL,  SAMUEL,  railroad  president, 
was  born  May  13,  1857,  in  North  Carolina. 
He  is  president  of  the  Eastern  railway  of 
Minnesota. 

HILL,  THEOPHILUS  HUNTER,  law 
yer,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1836, 
in  Raleigh,  N.  C.  He  is  a  lawyer  of 
Raleigh,  N.  C.;  and  the  author  of  Hes- 
per,  and  Other  Poems,  the  first  book 
copyrighted  by  the  confederate  govern 
ment;  and  Passion  Flower,  and  Other  Po 
ems. 

HILL,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1824  to  1826. 

HILL,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  educator, 
inventor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1818,  in 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  was  president 
of  Harvard  university  in  1862-68,  and 
held  pastorates  at  Waltham,  Mass.,  and 
Portland,  Maine.  He  invented  several 
mathematical  instruments,  one  of  which 
is  the  occultator.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Postulates  of  Religion  and  Ethics; 
The  Stars  and  the  Earth;  The  True  Or 
der  of  Studies;  Geometry  and  Faith;  Cur 
vature;  Jesus  the  Interpreter  of  Nature; 
Christmas,  and  Poems  on  Slavery;  The 
Natural  Sources  of  Theology;  and  In  the 
Woods  and  Elsewhere.  He  died  Nov.  21, 
1891,  in  Waltham,  Mass. 

HILL,  URIAH  C.,  musician,  was  born 
about  1802  in  New  York.  Having  been 
engaged  as  leader  of  the  Sacred  Music 
society,  he  brought  out  Handel's  Messiah 
in  St.  Paul's  chapel  in  1831.  This  was 
the  first  performance  of  an  entire  oratorio 
in  New  York.  He  died  in  September, 
1875,  in  Paterson,  N.  J. 

HILL,  WALTER  HENRY,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1822, 
in  Lebanon,  Ky.  He  is  a  Roman  cath 
olic  clergyman  and  educator  of  Chicago; 
a  professor  in  St.  Louis  university'in  1864- 
65  and  1871-84;  and  the  author  of  Ele 
ments  of  Philosophy;  Ethics  or  Moral 
Philosophy;  and  Historical  Sketch  of  St. 
Louis  University. 

HILL,  WHITMELL,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  12,  1743,  in  Bertie  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  congresses  at 
Hillsborough  and  Halifax  in  1775  and 
1776;  was  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Cov 
entry  militia;  and  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  1778  to  1781;  and 
was  frequently  a  member  of  the  house 
and  senate  of  North  Carolina  previous  to 
1785.  He  died  Sept.  26,  1797,  in  Hill's 
Ferry,  N.  C. 

HILL,  WILLIAM  D.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1833,  in  Nelson 
county,  Va.  He  was  mayor  of  Springfield, 
Ohio  in  1860;  and  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  in  1866,  1867,  1868 
and  1869.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  su 
perintendent  of  insurance  for  the  state, 
and  served  three  years.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress;  and  was  also  elected  to 
the  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  con 
gresses. 


HILL,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1799 
to  1803;  and  was  also  appointed  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  for  the 
district  of  North  Carolina.  He  died  in 
1809. 

HILLARD,  GEORGE  STILLMAN,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1808,  in 
Machias,  Maine.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Bos 
ton;  and  the  author  of  Life  of  General 
McClellan;  Life  of  George  Ticknor;  and 
Six  Months  in  Italy.  He  also  published  a 
series  of  school  readers  and  an  edition  of 
Spenser.  He  died  Jan.  21,  1879,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

HILLEGAS,  MICHAEL,  United  States 
treasurer,  was  born  in  1729  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  the  first  United  States 
treasurer.  He  died  Sept.  29,  1804,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HILLEN,  SOLOMON,  JR.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1813  in 
Baltimore  county,  Md.  He  served  in  the 
Maryland  legislature  in  1834  and  1838; 
and  was  elected  mayor  of  Baltimore  in 
1842  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re-elected 
for  two  years.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  the  state  of  Maryland 
from  1839-41. 

KILLER,  ALFRED,  soldier,  educator, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
April  22,  1831,  near  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 
In  1881  he  was  elected  president  of  Hart- 
wick  Theological  seminary  and  professor 
of  systematic  theology. 

HILLERN,  BERTHA  VON,  artist,  was 
born  Aug.  4,  1857,  in  Germany.  She  de 
voted  herself  to  the  study  of  art,  which 
she  has  since  pursued  as  a  profession  in 
Boston.  Among  her  pictures  are  The 
Monk  Felix,  from  Longfellow's  Gol 
den  Legend;  and  Evening  Prayer  at  the 
Wayside  Shrine,  Germany. 

HILLHOUSE,  AUGUSTUS  LUCAS, 
hymnist,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1791,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  was  the  author  of  the 
hymn  Trembling  before  Thine  Awful 
Throne.  He  died  March  14,  1859,  in 
France. 

HILLHOUSE,  GEORGE  A.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  June  27,  1864,  in 
Smithville,  Ark.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  of  Newport,  Ark.,  and  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Arkansas 
state  senate. 

HILLHOUSE,  JAMES,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  21,  1754,  in  Montville,  Conn.  He 
was  commander  of  the  governor's  guards 
in  the  revolutionary  war.  He  became  a 
representative  in  congress  in  1791,  and 
three  years  afterwards  was  chosen  a  sen 
ator  of  the  United  States  from  Connecti 
cut,  where  he  continued  a  distinguished 
member  for  sixteen  years,  and  in  the 
sixth  congress  was  president  pro  tern,  of 
the  senate.  In  1825  he  undertook  to  con- 
-duct  the  construction  of  the  Farmington 
and  Hampshire  canal;  and  was  chosen 
treasurer  of  Yale  college  in  1782.  He  died 
Dec.  29,  1832,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

HILLHOUSE,  JAMES  ABRAM,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1789,  in  New  Ha 
ven,  Conn.  He  was  a  dramatic  poet  of 
New  Haven.  His  ambitious,  heavy  dra 
mas,-  Percy's  Masque,  Hadad,  Demetrla, 
were  once  extravagantly  praised,  but 
have  long  been  hopelessly  dead.  Dramas, 
Discourses,  and  Other  Pieces  appeared  in 
1839.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1841,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn. 

HILLHOUSE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1728,  in  Montville, 
Conn.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Connecti 
cut  to  the  continental  congress  from  1783 
to  1786.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1816,  in  Mont 
ville,  Conn. 


482 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MILLIARD.  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  about  1808,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Boston, 
and  the  author  of  The  Law  of  Taxation; 
The  Law  of  Vendors  and  Purchasers;  The 
Law  of  Mortgages;  The  Law  of  Torts; 
Law  of  Injunctions;  Law  of  New  Trials; 
Law  of  Contracts;  Law  of  Bankruptcy; 
American  Jurisprudence;  and  American 
Law,  a  Comprehensive  Summary.  He  died 
Oct.  9,  1878,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

HILLIARD,  HENRY  W.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
4,  1808,  in  Fayetteville,  N.  C.  In  1838  he 
was  elected  to  the  Alabama  state  legis 
lature,  and  in  1840  a  presidential  elector. 
In  1842  he  was  appointed  minister  to 
Belgium.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Alabama  from  1843  to  1851. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  con 
federate  army,  and  subsequently  prac 
ticed  law  in  Atlanta,  serving  as  minister 
to  Brazil  in  1877-81.  He  was  the  author 
of  Speeches  and  Addresses;  De  Vane,  a 
Story  of  Plebeians  and  Patricians;  and 
Politics  and  Pen  Pictures.  He  died  Dec. 
17,  1892,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

HILLIARD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  artist, 
was  born  in  1836,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y. 
Among  his  best  known  works  are  views 
of  Maine,  of  the  White  and  Franconia 
mountains,  and  ot  the  Atlantic  coast,  in- 
chiding  Campton  Meadows;  Castle  Rock; 
and  Wind  against  Tide;  Battle-Field  of 
Lookout  Mountain;  and  Allatoona  Pass, 
Ga. 

HILLIS,  DAVID,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  lieutenant-governor,  was 
born  in  .1789,  in  Washington  county,  Pa. 
In  1831  "and  1835  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate,  and  in  1836-40  was  lieuten 
ant-governor.  He  died  July  8,  1845,  in 
Jefferson  county,  Ind. 

HILLIS,  DAVID  B.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Indiana.  He  was  colonel  of  the  seven 
teenth  Iowa  regiment  in  the  civil  war; 
and  received  the  brevet  of  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers. 

HILLIS,  WILLIAM  J..  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  14,  1850,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
In  1872  he  graduated  from  the  Union  col 
lege  of  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  and  has  since 
attained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  his  native  city.  He  is  the  author  of 
A  Metrical  History  of  Napoleon  Bona 
parte,  and  other  works. 

HILLS,  FREDERICK  CLARK,  soldier, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1842, 
In  Bethersden,  Kent,  Eng.  In  1849  he 
moved  with  his  pa 
rents  to  Oneida 
county,  N.  Y.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
i  n  the  district 
schools,  and  at  the 
academy  of  Vernon, 
New  York.  During 
the  civil  war  he 
served  as  a  soldier 
in  company  E,  one 
hundred  and  seven 
teenth  regiment  New 
York  infantry;  and 
has  been  past  post  commander  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He  has 
been  general  freight  and  passenger  agent, 
general  traffic  manager,  and  superintend 
ent  of  the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Railroad 
company  and  other  roads  during  1868-81. 
He  has  also  been  the  general  manager  and 
president  of  the  Sioux  City  and  Northern 
Railroa.i  company;  and  of  the  Sioux  City, 
O'Neill  and  Western  Railway  company. 
He  served  two  terms  as  president  of  the 
Sioux  City  board  of  education;  and  has 
filled  various  other  public  positions  of 
trust  in  his  county  and  state. 


HILLS,  GEORGE  MORGAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1825,  in 
Auburn,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman,  rector  of  St.  Mary's  church,  Bur 
lington,  N.  J.,  in  1870-90,  and  the  author 
of  History  of  the  Church  in  Burlington; 
John  Talbot,  the  First  Bishop  in  North 
America;  Church  of  England  Missions  in 
New  Jersey;  and  Transfer  of  the  Church 
from  Colonial  Dependence  to  the  Freedom 
of  the  Republic.  He  died  in  1890. 

HILLS,  LUCIUS  PERRY,  lawyer,  poet, 
elocutionist,  was  born  June  16,  1844,  in 
Bennington,  N.  Y.  At  the  age  of  seven 
teen  he  enlisted  in  the  tenth  regiment 
New  York  cavalry  and  served  three  years 
in  the  civil  war.  In  1871  he  graduated  from 
the  law  department  of  the  university  of 
Michigan;  and  since  1875  has  practiced 
his  profession  in  Atlanta,  Ga.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
When  Patti  Sang;  and  as  a  poet  humorist 
of  Georgia  has  given  successful  elocution 
ary  entertainments  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States. 

HILLS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  journalist, 
was  born  June  6,  1859,  in  Somerville, 
Mass.  In  1888  he  became  sole  owner  and 
proprietor  of  The  Writer,  a  monthly  mag 
azine;  and  since  1890  has  been  editor  of 
the  Journal  and  president  of  the  Somer 
ville  Journal  company. 

HILLYER,  EDGAR  WINTERS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Dec.  3,  1830,  in  Granville,  Ohio.  He  serv 
ed  in  the  war  for  the  union,  and  rose  to 
the  rank  of  colonel.  In  1865  he  became 
acting  judge  advocate  for  the  department 
of  the  Pacific.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  in  1862;  and  in  1866  was 
elected  attorney  for  Storey  county,  hold 
ing  the  office  until  1869,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  United  States  court 
for  the  district  of  Nevada. 

HILLYER,  JUNIUS,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  April  23, 
1807,  in  Wilkes  county,  Ga.  In  1834  he 
was  elected  solicitor-general  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  the  state;  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  Georgia  from  1851 
to  1855;  and  in  1857  was  appointed  solicit 
or  of  the  United  States  treasury,  remain 
ing  in  office  until  1861. 

HILLYER,  WILLIAM  SILLIMAN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  April  2,  1831,  in 
Henderson,  Ky.  He  served  during  the 
Tennessee  and  Vicksburg  campaigns; 
and  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  in 
1865,  and  after  the  close  of  the  war  was 
appointed  a  revenue  agent.  He  died  July 
12.  1874.,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HILP'RECHT,  HERMANN  VOLLRAT, 

educator,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
July  28,  1859,  in  Germany.  In  the  spring 
of  1887  he  delivered,  in  the  chapel  of  the 
university  of  Pennsylvania,  a  course  of 
lectures  on  The  Family  and  Civil  Life  of 
the  Egyptians:  and  Egypt  in  the  Time  of 
Israel's  Sojourn. 

HILSON,  ELLEN  AUGUSTA,  actress, 
was  born  in  1801,  in  England.  At  five 
years  of  age  she  first  appeared  on  the 
stage,  reciting  in  costume  the  ballad  of 
Little  Red  Riding-Hood;  and  in  1817  she 
became  a  member  of  the  company  of  the 
Park  theatre.  She  died  April  2,  1837,  in 
New  York  city. 

HILSON,  THOMAS,  actor,  was  born  in 
1784,  in  England.  He  first  appeared  in 
this  country  at  the  Park  theatre  in  New 
York  city,  in  1809,  as  Walter  in  The  Chil 
dren  of  the  Wood.  He  died  July  23,  1834, 
in  Louisville,  Ky. 

HIMAN,  EDGAR  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
banker,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1846,  in  Ran 
dolph,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Oberlin  college,  and  graduated 
from  the  law  department  of  the  university 


of  Michigan.  He  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace;  mayor  of  North  Amherst,  Ohio; 
and  for  fifteen  years  was  probate  judge 
of  Lorain  county.  For  seven  years  he 
was  chairman  of  the  Lorain  county  re 
publican  executive  committee.  He  is  now 
the  president  of  the  Elyria  Savings  and 
Loan  association,  and  a  director  of  the 
National  bank  of  Elyria. 

HIMEBAUGH,  MATTHIAS,  educator, 
clergyman,  philanthropist,  was  born  Aug. 
31,  1819,  in  Erie  county,  Pa.  In  1850  he 
moved  to  Wisconsin;  and  was  instrumen 
tal  in  placing  on  a  sound  foundation  the 
Lawrence  university  of  Appleton,  for 
which  he  secured  fifty  thousand  dollars. 
He  has  traveled  nearly  a  half  million 
miles  by  railroads,  rivers,  and  lakes  in 
the  prosecution  of  his  work.  He  now 
occasionally  preaches  in  Oshkosh,  Wis. 

HIMES,  CHARLES  FRANCIS,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  June  2,  1838,  in  Lan 
caster  county,  Pa.  In  1865  he  was  ap 
pointed  professor  of  chemistry  and  phys 
ics  in  Dickinson,  which  chair  he  held  for 
twenty  years.  He  has  published  Tables 
for  Qualitative  Analysis,  translated  and 
edited;  Leaf-Prints,  or  Glimpses  at  Pho 
tography;  and  Flame  Reactions. 

HIMES,  ISAAC  NEWTON,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1834,  in  Ship- 
pensburg.  Pa.  During  the  civil  war  he 
was  assistant  surgeon  of  the  third  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry,  and  shortly  afterward 
commissioned  surgeon  of  the  same  regi 
ment.  In  1871  he  settled  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  where  he  was  connected  with  the 
Cleveland  Medical  college  as  professor  of 
pathology  until  his  death. 

HINCKLEY,  THOMAS,  statesman,  was 
born  about  1618,  in  England.  He  was  a 
deputy  in  1645;  a  representative  in  1647; 
and  a  magistrate  and  subsequent  governor 
of  Plymouth.  He  died  April  25,  1706,  In 
Barnstable,  Mass. 

HINDMAN,  THOMAS  CARMICHAEL, 
soldier,  congressman,  was  born  in  No 
vember,  1818,  in  Tennessee.  He  served  as 
second  lieutenant  of  the  Mississippi  vol 
unteers  in  the  Mexican  war;  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  Arkansas  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress,  but  when  the  re 
bellion  broke  out  he  entered  the  confeder 
ate  service;  and  was  at  once  made  a 
brigadier-general,  and  subsequently  a  ma 
jor-general.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1868,  in 
Helena,  Ark. 

HINDMAN,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  1, 
1743,  in  Dorchester  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  continental 
congress;  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1792  to  1799;  and  was  a  senator 
in  congress  during  the  years  1800  and 
1801.  He  died  Jan.  19,  1822,  in  Baltimore, 
Md. 

HINDS,  HERBERT  C..  clergyman,  was 
born  June  22,  1857,  in  Cossayuna,  N.  Y. 
He  graduated  trom  Union  college,  and 
tnen  entered  the 
Princeton  Theolog 
ical  seminary,  and 
was  ordained  in 
1885.  He  then  went 
abroad,  and  on  his 
return  became  pas 
tor  of  the  First  pres- 
byterian  church  of 
Amsterdam,  N.  Y. ; 
and  there  establish 
ed  a  second  presby- 
terian  church,  which 
was  christened  Em 
manuel.  In  1887  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Second  Reformed  church  of  Schenectady, 
N.  Y. ;  and  since  1891  has  been  pastor  of 
the  Ninth  presbyterian  church  of  Troy,  N. 
Y.  In  1889  Union  college  honored  him 
with  the  degree  of  A.  M. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


483 


HINDS,  JAMES,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1833,  in  Heb 
ron,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Minnesota,  and 
was  district  attorney  for  the  state  until 
1860.  He  served  in  the  war  for  the  union 
as  a  private,  after  which  he  settled  at  Lit 
tle  Rock,  Ark.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Arkansas  to  the  fortieth 
congress.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1868,  in  Mon 
roe,  Ark. 

HINDS,  THOMAS,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  about  1775.  He  was  a  dis 
tinguished  officer  in  the  battle  of  New  Or 
leans;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Mississippi  from  1828  to  1831. 
He  died  Aug.  23,  1840,  in  Jefferson  county, 
Miss. 

HINDS,  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRI 
SON,  soldier,  architect,  inventor,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  20,  1821,  in  Milan,  N.  H. 
He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  dis 
trict  schools,  and  the 
New  Ipswich  acade 
my.  He  then  taught 
school  and  studied 
architectural  draw 
ing.  He  was  made 
captain  in  the  twen 
ty-second  regiment 
ot  the  New  Hamp 
shire  militia;  was 
promoted  to  major, 
lieutenant  -  colonel, 
and  was  offered  the  commission  of  briga 
dier-general.  For  several  years  he  was 
engaged  as  an  architect  and  builder:  then 
followed  dentistry;  and  is  the  patentee 
of  a  number  of  improvements  in  that 
science.  During  the  civil  war  he  raised  a 
company  and  went  as  first  lieutenant  in 
the  sixteenth  regiment  Massachusetts  vol 
unteer  infantry.  He  subsequently  resigned, 
raised  a  company,  and  went  as  captain  in 
the  thirty-third  regiment  Massachusetts 
volunteer  infantry.  As  a  musician  and 
poet  he  is  well  known,  and  many  of  his 
poems  have  been  incorporated  into  stand 
ard  publications. 

HINES,  RICHARD,  congressman,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1825  to  1827. 

HINES,  THOMAS  H.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1838,  in  Butler 
county,  Ky.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of 
his  native  county, 
studied  law  and  be 
came  a  prominent 
attorney  of  Prank- 
fort,  Ky.  He  has 
been  judge  of  the 
county  court  of 
Warren  county,  Ky. ; 
was  judge  of  the 
court  of  appeals  of 
Kentucky;  and  has 
filled  with  distinc 
tion  the  high  office 

of  chief  justice  of  the  state  of  Kentucky. 
In  1891  he  was  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention  of  Kentucky  for  Frank 
lin  county.  He  has  been  prominently 
identified  with  the  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state;  and  is  a  member 
in  high  standing  of  various  societies  »nd 
fraternal  orders. 

HINES,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  March  15, 
1856,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of  representatives  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1879-80  and  1883-84.  He 
was  elected  to  the  senate  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1888  for  a  term  of  four  years;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
democrat. 


HINKEL,  CHARLES  JOHN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1817,  in  England.  He 
was  a  German  educator  who  came  to 
America  in  1855,  and  was  professor  of 
Greek  and  Latin  at  Vassar  college  in  1869- 
90.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
German  translations.  He  died  in  1894. 

HINKHOUSE,  RUFUS  W.,  farmer, 
financier,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  17, 
1850,  in  Cumberland  county,  Md.  He  is  a 
successful  farmer  and  stock-raiser  of 
Wilton,  Iowa;  and  has  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  Iowa  state 
legislature. 

HINKLEY,  EDWARD  OTIS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1824,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Amer 
ican  Bar  association  from  its  formation 
in  1878  until  1893.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  work  on  Attachments  and  one  on  Tes 
tamentary  Law. 

HINKLEY,  HOLMES,  inventor,  was 
born  June  24,  1793,  in  Hailowell,  Maine. 
He  built  the  third  stationary  engine  that 
was  produced  in  Massachusetts,  and  in 
1840  began  to  construct  locomotives  on  a 
new  and  ingenious  plan,  that  soon  made 
his  name  favorably  known.  He  died  Feb. 
7,  1866,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

HINKSON,  ADDISON  CYRUS,  educa 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1837,  in  Po- 
tosi,  Mo.  This  popular  educator  has 
served  as  superintendent  of  common 
schools,  auditor  and  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Summit  county,  Mo. 

HINMAN,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  1720,  in  Woodbury, 
Conn.  He  wa£  commissioned  captain  of 
the  fourth  continental  regiment  in  1775. 
He  represented  Woodbury,  Conn.,  in  the 
legislature  during  twenty  sessions,  and 
after  the  incorporation  of  Southbury  was 
its  delegate  for  eight  sessions.  He  died 
March  22,  1810,  in  Southbury,  Mass. 

HINMAN,  CLARK  TITUS,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1817, 
in  Kortwright,  N.  Y.  He  was  principal  of 
Albion  Wesleyan  seminary  from  1846  to 
1853,  and  founder  and  first  president  of 
the  Northwestern  university  at  Evanston, 
111.  He  died  Oct.  21,  1854,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

HINMAN,  EDGAR  H.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  has  attained  success  as  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  Ohio  at  Elyria.  He 
has  filled  numerous  important  offices  of 
honor;  and  is  now  filling  with  distinction 
the  office  of  probate  judge. 

HINMAN,  IDA,  author,  was  born  in 
Keokuk,  Iowa.  She  is  the  author  of  The 
Washington  Sketch  Book;  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature. 

HINMAN,  JOEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1802  in  Southbury, 
Conn.  From  1851  till  1861  he  was  an  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state,  becoming  chief  justice  at  the  latter 
date.  His  judicial  opinions  extend  through 
twenty  volumes  of  Connecticut  reports. 
He  died  Feb.  21,  18 10,  in  Cheshire,  Conn. 

HINMAN,  ROYAL  RALPH,  lawyer, 
antiquarian,  author,  was  born  June  5, 
1785,  in  Southbury,  Conn.  He  is  a  law 
yer  and  antiquarian  of  New  Hampshire, 
and  subsequently  of  New  York  city.  He 
is  the  author  of  Historical  Recollections 
of  Connecticut  in  the  American  Revolu 
tion;  and  Catalogue  of  the  First  Puritan 
Settlers  of  Connecticut.  He  died  Oct.  15, 
1868,  in  New  York  city. 

HINRICHS,  CARL  DETLEF,  educator, 
is  a  Danish  educator  who  came  to  Ameri 
ca  in  1860,  and  was  professor  of  physical 
sciences  in  Iowa  university  in  1863-85.  He 
is  the  author  of  Elements  of  Physics; 
Elements  of  Atom  Mechanics;  Principles 
of  Pure  Crystallography;  Principles  of 
Physical  Sciences;  and  First  Course  in 
Qualitative  Analysis. 


HINRICHSEN,  WILLIAM    H.,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  May  27,  1850, 
in  Franklin,  111.     He  was  elected  to  the 
office     of    justice   of 
the     peace     in     1871 
and      re-elected      in 
1873.     He    was    ap 
pointed  deputy  sher 
iff  of  his  county    in 
1874;       and      served 
three  terms    in  that 
position;    was  elected 
t    sheriff  in  1880;    was 
WJ^^^    elected  clerk  of    the 
I   house  of  representa- 
^•1      .HHI    tives    of    Illinois    in 
1891;   and  was  elect 
ed    secretary   of   state   in   1892.     He   has 
served   as   a   member   of   the   democratic 
state  committee  since  1888,  and  was  chair 
man  of  ii  in  1895.     He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

HINSDALE,  BTJRKE  AARON,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
March  31,  1837,  in  Wadsworth,  Ohio.  He 
was  an  educator,  president  of  Hiram  col 
lege  in  1870-82,  and  for  four  years  subse 
quently  superintendent  of  schools  in 
Cleveland.  He  is  the  author  of  Genuine 
ness  and  Authenticity  of  the  Gospels; 
President  Garfield  and  Education;  Schools 
and  Studies;  The  Old  Northwest;  How  to 
Study  and  Teach  History;  and  editor  Life 
and  Works  of  Garfield. 

HINTON,  ISAAC  TAYLOR,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  Ii99,  in  England.  He 
was  a  baptist  clergyman  who  came  to 
America  irom  England  in  1822,  and  was 
pastor  in  Richmond,  Va.,  and  in  New  Or 
leans,  in  which  latter  city  he  died.  He 
was  the  author  of  History  of  Baptism; 
and  Lectures  on  the  Prophecies.  He  died 
in  1847. 

HIRES,  GEORGE,  merchant,  manufac 
turer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1835,  in  Salem  councy,  N.  J. 
He  was  elected  sheriff  of  Salem  county 
in  1867,  1868,  and  1869.  In  1881  he  was 
elected  a  state  senator  for  a  term  of  three 
years;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty-ninth  and 
fiftieth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HIRSCH,  EDWARD,  merchant,  finan 
cier,  state  senator,  was  born  May  3,  1836, 
in  Germany.  During  1866-68  he  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Eagle  Woolen  Mills  company 
of  Brownsville.  He  was  state  treasurer 
for  eight  years  during  1878-86;  and  subse 
quently  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Ore 
gon  state  senate  for  four  years. 

HIRSH,  HUGO,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  22,  1848,  in  Germany.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  New  York  city; 
studied  law,  and  is 
now  a  prominent  at 
torney  of  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  He  has  been 
counsel  to  the  de 
partment  of  police 
and  excise  of  Brook 
lyn;  and  counsel  to 
the  sheriff  of  Kings 
county.  He  is  also  a 
successful  orator; 
and  a  contributor  to 
the  periodical  press; 
and  also  to  standard  works. 

HIRST,  HENRY  BECK,  lawyer,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1813,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  verse 
writer  of  Philadelphia.  His  poetical  writ 
ings  comprise  Kndymion,  a  Tale  of 
Greece;  The  Penance  of  Roland;  and  The 
Coming  of  the  Mammoth,  and  Other 
Poems.  He  also  published  a  Poetical 
Dictionary.  He  died  March  30,  1874,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


484 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HISCOCK,  FRANK,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1834,  in  Pompey, 
N.  Y.  He  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law, 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1855  and  com- 
•menced  to  practice 
at  Tully,  N.  Y.  He 
was  elected  district 
attorney  of  Ononda- 
ga  county,  serving  in 
1860-63;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  state 
constitutional  con 
vention  in  1867.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty- 
ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses;  and  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
republican,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  took  his 
seat  March  4,  1887,  for  term  of  service  ex 
piring  March  3,  1893. 

HISE,  ELIJAH,  diplomat,  congressman, 
was  born  July  4,  1802,  in  Kentucky.  In 
1866  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fortieth  congress.  He  died  by  his  own 
hand  May  8,  1867,  in  Russellville,  Ky. 

HISSEY,  MARION  WINFIELD,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  27, 
1859,  in  McConnelsville,  Ohio.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  Scio  College 
and  School  of  Theology  of  the  Boston  uni 
versity.  He  has  been  pastor  of  a  number 
of  churches;  and  is  now  pastor  of  the 
First  Congregational  church  of  Ashtabu- 
la,  Ohio.  He  has  lectured  on  Homiletlcs 
at  the  School  of  Theology  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Denver;  and  is  a  brilliant  lecturer 
on  various  subjects. 

HITCHCOCK,  A.  F.,  clergyman,  poet. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the  congrega 
tional  church  of  Sasium,  Cal.;  and  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  poems,  some 
of  which  have  been  set  to  music. 

HITCHCOCK,  ALFRED,  physician,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1813,  in 
Westminster,  Vt.  He  was  surgeon  of 
Fitchburg,  Mass.,  who  published  Chris 
tianity  and  Medical  Science.  He  died 
March  30,  1874,  in  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

HITCHCOCK,  CHARLES  HENRY,  ge 
ologist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1836,  in 
Amherst,  Mass.  He  is  the  state  geologist 
of  New  Hampshire,  and  the  author  of 
Natural  History  and  Geology  of  Maine; 
New  Hampshire  Geological  Survey;  and 
The  Geology  of  New  Hampshire. 

HITCHCOCK,  DAVID,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1773,  in  Bethlehem,  Conn. 
His  principal  poem,  The  Shade  of  Plato,  is 
written  with  ease  and  smoothness,  and 
closes  with  expostulations  on  the  revolu 
tionary  principles  in  vogue  at  the  begin 
ning  of  the  century.  His  other  writings 
are  The  Social  Monitor;  and  Christ  Not 
the  Minister  of  Sin,  a  controversy.  He 
died  after  1832. 

HITCHCOCK,  EDWARD,  clergyman, 
geologist,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  May  24,  1793,  in  Deerfield,  Mass.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman,  state  ge 
ologist  of  Massachusetts  in  1833-1844,  and 
president  of  Araherst  college  in  1845-54. 
He  was  the  author  of  Religion  of  Geolo 
gy;  Illustrations  of  Surface  Geology;  Fos 
sil  Footprints  In  the  United  States;  Ich- 
nology  of  New  England;  Dyspepsia  Fore 
stalled  and  Resisted;  Religious  Truth  Il 
lustrated  from  Science;  Elementary  O»- 
ology;  and  Reminiscences  of  Amherst  Col 
lege.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1864,  In  Amherst, 
Mass. 

HITCHCOCK,  EDWARD,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  23,  1828,  in  Amherst, 
Mass.  He  is  a  physician,  professor  of  hy 


giene  in  Amherst  college  from  1861,  and 
the  author  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology. 

HITCHCOCK,  ENDS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  7,  1744,  in  Spring 
field,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Providence  once  famous  as 
a  preacher,  and  the  author  of  Treatise  on 
Education;  Sermons;  and  Catechetical  In 
struction  for  Children  and  Youth.  He  died 
Feb.  27,  1803,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

HITCHCOCK,  ETHAN  ALLEN,  soldier, 
author,   was  born  May  18,  1798,  in   Ver- 
gennes,  Vt.   He  was  a  general  in  the  fed- 
eral  arm;  during  i  he 
HHHHttf  civil    war.     He    was 

the  author  of  Alche 
my  and  the  Alchem 
ists;  Swedenborg,  a 
Hermetic  Philoso 
pher;  Christ  the 
Spirit,  an  argument 
for  the  symbolic  ex 
position  of  the  Gos 
pels;  Remarks  on 
the  Sonnets  of 
Shakespeare;  Spen 
ser's  Colin  Clout 
Explained;  and  Notes  on  Dante's  Vita 
Nuova.  he  died  Aug.  5,  1870,  in  Hancock, 
Ga. 

HITCHCOCK,  HENRY  LAURENS,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1813,  in 
Benton,  Ohio.  In  1855  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Western  Reserve  college 
and  filled  that  position  until  1871.  He  died 
July  6,  1873,  in  Hudson,  Ohio. 

HITCHCOCK,  JAMES  HALL,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  20,  1859,  in 
Perry  county,  Ohio.  He  served  as  attor 
ney  of  Johnson  county,  Neb.,  for  three 
terms;  and  is  now  a  state  senator  in  the 
legislature  of  that  state  from  the  second 
district. 

HITCHCOCK,  JAMES  RIPLEY  WELL- 
MAN,  litterateur,  author,  was  born  July 
3,  1856,  in  Fitchburg,  Mass.  He  is  a  litter 
ateur  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of 
The  Western  Art  Movement;  A  Study  of 
George  Jenness;  Etchings  in  America; 
Madonnas  by  Old  Masters;  Notable  Etch 
ings  by  American  Artists;  Some  Ameri 
can  Painters  in  Water  Colors;  and  The 
Future  of  Etching. 

HITCHCOCK,  PETER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
19,  1781,  in  Cheshire,  Conn.  In  1810  he 
was  elected  to  the  general  assembly  of 
Ohio;  from  1812  to  1816  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate;  and  president  of  that 
body  one  session.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1817  to  1819;  and 
was  then  chosen  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Ohio  for  seven  years.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  same  office  in  1826.  From 
1833  to  1835  he  was  again  a  member  of  the 
state  senate,  and  once  again  president. 
He  died  May  11,  1853,  in  Palnesville,  Ohio. 

HITCHCOCK,  PHINEAS  WARRENER, 
lawyer,  congressman.  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1831,  in  New  Leb 
anon,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
marshal  of  Nebraska  territory,  which  of 
fice  he  held  until  his  election  from  Ne 
braska  as  delegate  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  sur 
veyor-general  of  Nebraska;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  United  States  senate  for  the 
term  ending  in  1877.  He  died  July  10, 
1881,  in  Omaha,  Neb. 

HITCHCOCK,  ROBERT  BRADLEY, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1803,  in 
Cheshire,  Ohio.  He  was  appointed  mid 
shipman  In  the  united  States  navy  In 
1825,  promoted  lieutenant  in  1835,  com 
mander  in  1855,  captain  in  1861.  and  com 
modore  in  1862.  He  died  March  25,  1883, 
in  New  York  city. 


HITCHCOCK,  ROSWELL  DWIGHT, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  15,  1817,  in  East  Machias,  Maine.  He 
was  a  successful  cler 
gyman  of  the  con 
gregational  church; 
and  filled  the  chair 
of  ecclesiastical  his 
tory  in  Bowdoin  col 
lege.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Palestine 
Exploration  society, 
and  was  president  of 
the  Union  Theolo 
gical  seminary  of 
New  York  city.  He 
is  the  author  of  Life 
of  Edward  Robinson;  Complete  Analysis 
of  the  Bible;  The  New  Testament,  with 
Readings  Preferred  by  the  American 
Committee  Incorporated  into  the  Text; 
and  Eternal  Atonement.  He  died  June 
16,  1887,  in  Somerset,  Mass. 

H1TT,  ROBERT  ROBERTS,  diplomat, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1834,  in 
Urbana,  Ohio.  He  was  first  secretary  of 
the  American  legation  at  Paris,  France, 
from  1874  to  1881;  ana  was  assistant  sec 
retary  of  state  of  Illinois  in  1881.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  forty-seventh  congress  to  fill  a  va- 
cancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fif 
ty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fif 
ty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

HITTELL,  JOHN  SHERTZER,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1825,  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  is  a  journalist  of  San  Fran 
cisco,  and  the  author  of  Evidences  against 
Christianity;  Mining  in  the  Pacific 
States;  Brief  History  of  Culture;  History 
of  San  Francisco;  The  Spirit  of  the  Pa 
pacy;  History  of  Mental  Growth  of  Man 
kind  in  Ancient  Times;  and  Resources  of 
California. 

HITTELL,  THEODORE  HENRY,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  and 
historian  of  San  Francisco.  He  is  the 
author  of  Adventures  of  Captain  Capen 
Adams;  General  Laws  of  California,  com 
monly  called  KitteH's  Digest;  Codes  and 
Statutes  of  California;  and  History  of 
California. 

HIZAR,  JULIER  CLYDE,  lawyer,  was 
born  Nov.  5,  1871,  in  Fort  Ancient,  Ohio. 
He  graduated  from  the  National  Normal 
university  of  Lebanon,  Ohio,  with  the  de 
grees  of  B.  S.  and  A.  B.,  and  subsequently 
attended  the  Cincinnati  Law  school,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  California. 
He  has  been  city  attorney  of  Coronado, 
Cal.,  and  still  holds  that  position. 

HOADLY,  CHARLES  JEREMY,  jour 
nalist,  librarian,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1828, 
in  Hartford,  Conn.  In  1855  he  assumed 
charge  of  the  state  library.  He  has  edit 
ed  the  New  Haven  Colonial  Records,  in 
two  volumes;  and  Colonial  Records  of 
Connecticut. 

HOADLEY,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
governor,  was  born  July  31,  1826,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  In  1851  he  was  elected  a 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Cincinnati, 
and  was  city  solicitor  in  1855.  In  1858  he 
succeeded  Judge  Gholson  on  the  bench 
olLthe  new  superior  court.  In  1883  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Ohio. 

HOAG,  CHARLES  E.,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1849, 
in  Moultonboro,  N.  H.  He  is  the  editor 
and  owner  of  the  Peabody  Recorder  and 
the  American  Citizen  of  Boston,  in  which 
city  he  was  at  one  time  president  of  a 
corporation  publishing  one  of  the  daily 
papers.  He  has  published  several  prose 
works;  and  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Chords  and  Discords. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


485 


HOAG,  TRUMAN  H.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  9,  1816  in 
Manlius,  N.  Y.  In  1868  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-first 
congress.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1870  in  Wash 
ington. 

HOAGLAND,     CORNELIUS     NEVIUS, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1828,  in 
Somerset  county,  N.  J.     During  the  war 
he    was    made    first 
lieutenant,  and  sub 
sequently    was    sur 
geon  of  the  seventy- 
i   first   Ohio.      In    1887 
he  bought  the  busi- 
cL          !  ness    of    the    Cleve- 
j  land  Baking  Powder 
,  Co.,      and      became 
president    and    gen- 
era!  manager  of  the 
fl   company.       In     1887 
he       founded      the 
Hoagland       Labora 
tory  in  Brooklyn  for  original  research  in 
the  higher   branches  of  medical   science, 
with    special   departments    in   physiology 
and    bacteriology,   the    cost,   with    equip 
ments,  exceeding  $100,000. 


. 


HOAGLAND,  JOSEPH  CHRISTOF- 
FEL,  president  of  the  Royal  Baking  Pow 
der  Co.,  was  born  June  19,  1841,  in  Miami 
county,  Ohio.  In  1866  he  founded  the 
Royal  Baking  Powder  Co..  and  has  given 
the  product  of  this  concern  such  world 
wide  popularity  through  stupendous  ad 
vertising,  that  its  trade  mark  alone  i» 
now  valued  at  $10,000,000.  In  1880  he 
served  as  presidential  elector,  and  he  is 
a  member  of  the  chamber  of  commerce. 

HOAGLAND,  MOSES,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1851;  and  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  United  States  judge  for  the  terri 
tory  of  Washington. 

HOAGLIN,  FREDERICK  F.,  merchant, 
legislator,  was  born  April  29,  1848,  in  Al 
bion,  Mich.  He  has  been  mayor' of  Al 
bion,  Mich.,  and  for  two  terms  was  a 
member  of  the  Michigan  state  legislature. 

HOAR.  EBENEZER  ROCKWOOD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
21,  1816,  in  Concord,  Mass.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court.  In  1869 
he  entered  the  cabinet  of  President 
Grant  as  attorney-general;  and  in  18V1 
became  a  member  of  the  joint  high  com 
mission  for  making  a  treaty  between  Eng 
land  and  the  United  States.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1872;  and  was  elect- 
«d  to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

HOAR,  GEORGE  FRISBIE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  29,  1826,  in  Concord,  Mass. 
In  1852  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative 
in  the  general  court; 
and  in  1857  to  the 
state  senate.  In  1868 
he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the 
forty-first  congress; 
and  was  re-elected 
to  the  three  succeed 
ing  congresses.  He 
was  president  of  the 
convention  in  1880; 

and  was  a  member  of  the  electoral  com 
mission  in  1876.  He  was  elected  a  United 
States  senator  from  Massachusetts  for  the 
term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1877;  and 
was  re-elected  in  j883,  1889,  and  1895  for 
term  expiring  in  1901. 


HOAR,  LEONARD,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  about  1629.  He  was 
president  of  Harvard  college  from  1672 
till  1675,  and  was  the  first  person  to  pro 
pose  the  modern  system  of  technical  ed 
ucation,  by  the  addition  of  a  garden  and 
orchard,  a  workshop,  and  a  chemical  la 
boratory  to  Harvard.  He  died  Nov.  28, 
1675,  in  Braintree,  Mass. 

HOAR,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  May  18,  1788,  in 
Lincoln,  Mass.  He  was  a  state  senator 
in  1825  and  1833;  and  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1835  to  1837.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  executive  council  in  1845 
and  1846;  and  state  representative  in  1850 
He  died  Nov.  2,  1856,  in  Concord,  Mass. 

HOAR,  SHERMAN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  30,  1860,  in  Concord. 
Mass.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
congress  as  a  democrat  from  the  fifth 
Massachusetts  district.  In  1893  he  was 
appointed  United  States  attorney  for  the 
district  of  Massachusetts,  and  resigned  in 
1897. 

HOARD,  CHARLES  B.,  mechanic,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June 
28,  1805,  in  Springfield,  Vt.  He  was  post 
master  under  Presidents  Jackson  and  Van 
Buren;  justice  of  the  peace  for  several 
years;  and  a  member  of  the  New  York 
legislature  in  1838.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the  thirty-fifth  con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth 
congress. 

HOBART,  AARON,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  June  26, 
1787,  in  Abington,  Mass.  He  served  in 
the  state  senate;  was  a  state  counselor; 
was  judge  of  probate;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1821  to  1827.  He  died  Sept.  19,  1858, 
in  East  Bridgewater,  Mass. 

HOBART,  ALVAH  SABIN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  March  7,  1847,  in  Can 
ada.  During  1879-88  he  filled  a  pastor 
ate  in  the  baptist  church  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio;  and  since  1888  at  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 
He  is  the  author  of  Corner  Stones  of  the 
Baptist  Church;  Those  Old  Fashioned 
Christians;  and  Gifts  of  Fruits  and  Full 
ness. 

HOBART.  GARRET  A.,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  vice-president  of  the 
United  States,  was  born  June  3,  1844,  in 
Monmouth  county, 
N.  J.  He  was  city 
counsel  of  Paterson, 
N.  J.,  in  1871;  and 
was  elected  counsel 
for  the  board  of 
chosen  free-holders 
in  1872.  He  entered 
the  legislature  in 
1873,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  assem 
bly  in  1874,  and  was 
made  speaker  in 
1876.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  senate  in  1879,  and  in  1881  was 
elected  president  of  that  body,  and  re- 
elected  in  1882.  He  was  nominated  for 
vice-president  by  the  republican  national 
convention,  and  was  duly  elected  and 
took  the  oath  of  office  on  March  4,  1897. 

HOBART,  JOHN  HENRY,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1775,  in  Philadel 
phia.  He  was  the  third  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop  of  New  York,  and  a  leader  of 
church  thought  in  his  day.  He  was  the 
author  of  Companion  for  the  Altar;  State 
of  Departed  Spirits;  Festivals  and  Fasts; 
and  Apology  for  Apostolic  Order.  He 
died  Sept.  12,  1830,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

HOBART,  JOHN  HENRY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1817,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  In 
struction  and  Encouragement  for  Lent; 


Church  Reform  in  Mexico;  and  Mediaeval 
Papal  and  Ritual  Principles  Stated  and 
Contrasted.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1889  in 
Fishkill,  N.  Y. 

HOBART,  JOHN  SJ.OSS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  17is[ 
in  Fail-field,  Conn.  He  was  judge  of  the 
district  court  of  New  York,  and  held  sev 
eral  important  positions  in  that  state  dur 
ing  the  revolutionary  war,  atter  which  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  three  judges  of 
the  supreme  court.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  United  States  senate  from  February 
to  April,  1798,  to  till  a  vacancy;  and  was 
then  appointed  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  of  New  York.  He  died  Feb. 


HOBBIE,  SELAH  R.,  lawyer,  public  of 
ficial,  congressman,  was  born  March  10 
1797,  in  Newburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  soon  ap 
pointed  district  attorney  and  brigade  ma 
jor  and  inspector;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1827  to  1829.  On  the  accession  of  General 
Jackson  to  the  presidency  he  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  postmaster-general 
which  position  he  held  until  1850  He 
died  March  23,  1854,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HOBBS,  GEORGE  THOMPSON  artist 
was  born  Feb.  18,  1846,  in  Philadelphia' 
Pa.  For  twenty-five  years  he  worked  as 
an  architect.  He  studied  art  in  Paris 
and  has  become  prominent  as  a  landscape 
and  portrait  painter. 

HOBBS,  LEWIS  LYNDON,  educator 
college  president,  was  born  1849,  in  Guil- 
ford,  N.  C.  For  many  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work;  and  was  elect 
ed  the  first  president  of  Guilford  college 
in  1888. 

HOBBS,  MRS.  MARY  ERWIN,  poet 
was  born  June  21,  1841,  in  Bethany,  N.  Y.' 
She  was  a  writer  of  Portsmouth,  N.  H.; 
and  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems. 

HOBBY,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author 
was  born  in  1707,  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  of  Read 
ing,  Mass.,  and  the  author  of  Vindication 
of  Whitefield;  and  Self-Examination.  He 
died  in  1765. 

HOBLITZELL,  FETTER  S.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct  7 
]838,  in  Cumberland,  Md.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  army  during  the  war  of 
the  rebellion.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  state  house  of  representatives  in 
1870,  again  in  1876,  and  was  re-elected  in 
]878,  serving  the  last  term  as  speaker. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Maryland  to  the  forty-seventh  and  forty- 
eighth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HOCKADAY,   JOHN  A.,   lawyer,    legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1837,  in  Cal- 
laway  county,  Mo.    He  received  his  educ'a- 
tion   at   the  Westminster  college  of  Ful 
ton,  Mo.;  of  which  city  ue  is  a  prominent 
lawyer.     He  has  been  city  and  county  at 
torney;    was    delegate    to     the     national 
peace  convention  at  Philadelphia  in  1866; 
and  elected  to  the  state  senate  of  Missouri 
in   1867.     In   1872  he  was  a   presidential 
elector  on  the  Greeley  ticket;  and  in  1888 
on  the  Cleveland  ticket.     For  two  years 
he  was  attorney-general  of  Missouri;   for 
twelve   years  a  member  of  the   board  of 
managers  of  the  state  lunatic  asylum;  for 
six  years  of  the  school  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb;    and  curator  of  the  Missouri   uni 
versity  for  one  year.     During  1879-80  he 
was  again  a  member  of  the  state  senate; 
and  revised  the  laws  of  Missouri.    In  1887 
he  was   a   delegate   to  the  constitutional 
centennial   at    Philadelphia;    and   in   1888 
became  permanent  president  of  the  dem 
ocratic  state  convention.     Since   1890   he 
has  been  judge  of  the  ninth  judicial  cir 
cuit   of  Missouri. 


486 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HODGDON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  October,  1800,  in  Weare, 
N.  H.  In  1832  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
HaHimore  presiden 
tial  convention;  was 
a  member  of  the  ex 
ecutive  council  in 
1833;  and  in  1834 
was  appointed  land 
agent  for  the  state. 
In  1846  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  sen 
ate;  and  at  the  sec- 
onu  term  was 
chosen  president  of 
that  body.  He  re 
signed  this  position 
to  become  nominee  for  governor  of  the 
state  of  Maine.  In  1853  he  moved  to 
Dubuque,  Iowa;  was  elected  mayor  of 
that  city  in  1859;  and  for  some  years  was 
president  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
public  schools. 

HODGE,   ARCHIBALD   ALEXANDER, 

clergyman,  author,  was  born  July  18,  1823, 
in  Princeton,  N.  J.  He  was  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman,  and  professor  of  the 
ology  at  Princeton  college  since  1877.  He 
was  the  author  of  Outlines  of  Theology; 
Life  of  Charles  Hodge;  'ihe  Atonement; 
Commentary  on  the  Confession  of  Faith; 
and  Popular  Lectures  on  Theological 
Themes.  He  died  Nov.  11,  188(1,  in 
Princeton,  N.  J. 

HODGE,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1797,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman, 
for  nearly  forty  years  editor  of  the 
Princeton  Review,  which  he  founded  and 
to  which  he  was  the  chief  contrib 
utor.  He  was  the  author  of  Systematic 
Theology;  Commentaries  on  the  Epistles; 
Constitutional  History  of  the  Presbyte 
rian  Church  in  the  United  States;  What 
Is  Darwinism?;  Discussions  in  Church 
Polity;  and  Conference  Papers.  He  died 
June  19,  1878,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

HODGE,  DWIGHT  MUNSON.  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug. 
9,  1847,  in  Salisbury,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  clergyman  of  the  universalist 
church.  He  is  the  author  of  several  prose 
works;  and  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems;  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in 
Franklin,  Mass. 

HODGE,  EDWIN  RICHARD,  anatom 
ist,  physician,  lecturer,  was  born  Jan.  31, 
1860.  in  England.  He  was  professor  of 
anatomy  and  still  lectures  on  osteology 
in  the  university  of  Georgetown.  He  is 
the  anatomist  to  the  army  medical  muse 
um  of  Washington.  D.  C. 

HODGE,  FREDERICK  WEBB,  ethnolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  in  1864,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  an  ethnologist  at  the  Smith 
sonian  institution,  and  the  author  of  Arch 
itecture  of  the  Prehistoric  Pueblos  of 
Southern  Arizona;  and  Methods  of  Irri 
gation  of  the  Ancient  Inhabitants  of  the 
Salado  Valley. 

HODGE.  GfcORGE  B.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  July  8,  1828,  in  Flem 
ing  county,  Ky.  He  entered  the  confeder 
ate  service  as  a  private  in  1861,  and  was 
soon  afterward  chosen  to  represent  Ken 
tucky  in  the  confederate  congress.  He 
became  a  brigadier-general,  and  partici 
pated  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  sub 
sequently  commanding  the  districts  of 
east  Louisiana  and  Mississippi  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  state  senator 
in  1873-77. 

HODGE,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
state  treasurer,  was  born  July  5,  1845,  in 
Seymour,  Conn.  In  1876  he  purchased  an 
Interest  in  the  nrm  of  House  and  Com 
pany,  press  paper  manufacturers,  and 


later  became  sole  proprietor  of  the  busi 
ness,  which  he  still  conducts.  '  He  served 
in  the  lower  house  of  the  Connecticut  leg 
islature;  in  1889  was  chosen  state  sen 
ator;  and  in  1894  was  elected  treasurer  of 
the  state. 

HODGE,  HUGH  LENOX,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  June  27,  1796, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  physician 
who  was  professor  of  obstetrics  in  the 
university  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  the' 
author  of  Principles  and  Practice  of  Ob 
stetrics;  and  Diseases  Peculiar  to  Women. 
He  died  Feb.  26,  1873,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HODGE,  HUGH  LENOX,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  July  30,  1836,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  18bl  he  was  appointed 
demonstrator  of  surgery  and  chief  of  the 
surgical  dispensary  of  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  in  1870  was  made  dem 
onstrator  of  anatomy.  He  died  June  10, 
1881,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HODGE,  JOHN  ASPINWALL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1831,  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  in  Hartford  in  1860-92,  and  is  the 
author  of  What  is  Presbyterian  Law?; 
Theology  of  the  Snorter  Catechism;  and 
Recognition  After  Death. 

HODGES,  ASA,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1823.  He 
moved  to  Arkansas;  and  in  1866  was  a 
delegate  to  the  constitutional  convention 
under  the  reconstruction  acts  of  congress. 
In  1868  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  general  assembly.  In  1870  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  state  senate;  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress 
from  Arkansas. 

HODGES,  CHARLES  D.,  congressman. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Illinois,  and  took  his  seat 
during  the  second  session  of  the  tnirty- 
fifth  congress. 

HODGES,  DANIEL  F.,  poet,  was  born 
Feb.  17,  1835,  in  Belfast,  Maine.  He  com 
posed  a  number  of  song  books,  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

HODGES,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1856,  in  New  York.  He  is 
an  episcopal  clergyman,  dean  of  the  the 
ological  school  at  Cambridge  from  1894, 
and  prominent  among  broad  church 
thinkers.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Heresy 
of  Cain;  Christianity  Between  Sundays; 
and  Faith  and  Social  Service. 

HODGES,  GEORGE  T.,  merchant,  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  July  4,  1789,  in 
Clarendon,  Vt.  He  served  frequently  in 
both  houses  of  the  state  legislature.  He 
was  a  representative  In  congress  from 
Vermont  during  the  third  session  Oi  the 
thirty-fourth  congress.  For  more  than 
a  quarter  of  a  century  he  was  president 
of  the  bank  of  Rutland.  He  died  Sept.  9, 
1860,  in  Rutland,  Vt. 

HODGES,  JAMES,  merchant,  public  of 
ficial,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1822,  in  Liberty 
Hall.  Md.  In  1846,  in  connection  with 
his  brother  he  start- 
^^^^^  ed  a  wholesale  house 
|  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
Ak  which  is  now  one  of 
the  largest  business 
t  ttL.  houses  in  that  city. 
Bp  In  issr,  he  was  elect- 
^  ed  mayor  of  Balti 
more,,  and  his  ad 
ministration  was 
.  marked  by  wisdom 
I  and  purity.  In  1887 
he  was  a  candidate 
for  the  democratic, 
nomination  for  governor  of  Maryland, 
and  in  1891  he  was  a  candidate  for  tne 
same  office.  He  has  traveled  extensively 
and  possesses  one  of  the  finest  collections 
of  rare  works  of  art  in  America. 


HODGES,  JAMES  HARRISON,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  scientist,  was  born  June  16, 
1866,  in  Worthington  Springs.  Fia.  He 
has  gained  prominence  as  a  physician 
and  surgeon;  and  lectures  on  surgery  and 
medicine  in  the  Florida  Medical  associa 
tion.  He  is  also  the  president  of  the  Flor 
ida  Society  for  Scientific  Research. 

HODGES,  JAMES  L.,  state  senator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  state  senator  in 
1823  and  1824;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1827 
to  1831.  He  died  March  8,  1846. 

HODGKIN,  LOUISE  MANNING,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1846,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  She  is  an  educator  who  was 
from  1876  to  1891  professor  of  English 
literature  in  Wellesley  college.  She  is 
the  author  ot  Guide  to  the  Study  ot  Nine 
teenth  Century  Literature. 

HODGKINSON.  JOHN,  actor,  was  born 
in  1766,  in  England.  His  real  name  was 
Meadowcraft.  He  played  in  Philadelphia 
and  Boston;  and  was  the  manager  of  sev 
eral  theaters.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Man  of  Fortitude,  and  other  pieces,  rie 
died  Sept.  12,  1805,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HODGSON,  FRANCIS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1805,  in  England. 
He  was  a  methodist  minister  in  Pennsyl 
vania  and  other  states.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Examination  into  the  System  of 
New  Divinity;  Ecclesiastical  Policy  of 
Methodism  Defended;  and  Calvinistic 
Doctrine  of  Predestination  Examined  and 
Refuted.  He  died  April  16,  1877. 

HOE,  RICHARD  MARCH,  manufac 
turer,  inventor,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1812, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  one  of  three 
sons  of  the  original  founder  of  the  house 
of  Robert  Hoe.  These  three  sons,  with 
Richard  as  head  of  the  firm,  in  1847  gave 
to  the  world  the  first  rotary  printing 
press,  and  later  the  web  perfecting  print 
ing  machines,  which  have  made  the  cheap 
newspaper  a  possibility,  and  completely 
revolutionized  the  world  of  printing.  He 
died  June  7,  1886,  in  Italy. 

HOE,  ROBERT,  manufacturer,  was 
born  Oct.  29,  1784,  in  England.  The  rioe 
press  was  brought  out  by  him,  and  built 
from  ideas  that  were  obtained  from  the 
English  flat-bed  cylinder  presses.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  the  first  American  ma 
chinist  to  employ  steam  as  a  moior  for 
his  machinery.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1833,  in 
Westchester  county,  N.  Y. 

HOE.  ROBEttT,  manufacturer,  was 
born  July  19,  1815,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  associated  with  his  father  and  elder 
brother  in  the  manufacture  of  printing 
presses.  He  was  one  of  the  founuers  of 
the  National  Academy  of  Design,  and  a 
patron  of  young  artists,  ile  died  Sept. 
13,  1884,  in  Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 

HOE,  ROBERT,  manufacturer,  was 
born  March  10,  1839,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1863  Robert  Hoe  entered  the  press 

manufacturing       es- 

••^^•••••i  tablishment  of  his 
father  as  a  partner. 
From  that  time  to 
the  present,  his  lab 
ors  in  connection 
with  it  have  been 
unremitting.  Dur 
ing  the  past  ten 
years,  at  the  head  of 
a  large  establish 
ment,  doubled  in 
size  and  importam  <• 
since  the  death  of 
his  father  and  uncle,  and  including  in  its 
personnel  a  great  variety  of  talent,  he  has 
produced  some  of  the  most  remarkable 
pieces  of  mechanism  of  the  centurv. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


487 


HOEY,  JOSEPHINE,  actress,  was  born 
in  June,  1824,  in  England.  In  If>a9  she 
appeared  in  small  parts  at  the  National 
theater  in  New  York,  and  thereafter  be 
came  a  stock  actress  in  other  places. 

HOtF,  HENRY  KUHN,  naval  officer, 
was  born  In  1809,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  appointed  a  midshipman  from  South 
Carolina  in  1823,  and  became  a  commo 
dore.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1878,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

HOFF,  J.  WALLACE,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  7,  1867,  in  Rahway, 
N.  J.  He  studied  law  and  subsequently 
entered  journalism.  For  several  years 
he  was  connected  with  tne  State  Gazette 
of  Trenton,  N.  J.;  and  in  1895  founded  the 
Mercer  Review.  He  has  written  numer 
ous  local  historical  sketches;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  short  stories,  and 
a  work  entitled  Two  Hundred  Miles  on 
the  Delaware  River. 

HOFFER,  JOHN,  merchant,  was  born 
Feb.  4,  1860,  in  Bonham,  Texas.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  and  at  the  Texas  Military  Insti 
tute  of  Austin.  He  was  corresponding 
clerk  of  the  school  land  department,  and 
filled  various  other  public  positions  in 
Armstrong  county,  Texas.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as  a  wholesale  and  retail 
merchant  of  Clarendon,  Texas. 

HOFFMANN,  AUGUST  AVILLIAM,  mu 
sician,  composer,  was  born  July  26,  1866, 
in  Germany.  He  is  a  successful  teacher  of 
harmony  and  composition  in  the  Beetho 
ven  Conservatory  of  Music  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  He  is  the  author  of  several  piano 
pieces;  and  of  a  number  of  dances  played 
by  Gilmore's  band  and  other  orchestras. 

HOFFMAN,  BEEKMAN  VERPLANCK, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Nov.  -o.  1789,  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the  navy 
as  midshipman  in  1805,  and  reached  the 
grade  of  captain  in  1829.  He  died  Dec. 
10,  1834,  in  Jamaica,  L.  I. 

HOFFMAN,  CHARLES  FENNO,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1806,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  popular  poet  and  story 
writer  of  New  York 
city  who  from  1850 
lived  in  absolute  re 
tirement  by  reason 
of  mental  disorder. 
He  excelled  as  a 
song  writer,  his  best 
known  songs  being. 
Spa  rkling  and 
Bright;  and  The 
Myrtle  and  Steel.  He 
is  the  author  of  A 
Winter  in  the  West; 
Wild  Scenes  in  the 

Forest  and  Prairie;  The  Vigil  of  Faith, 
and  Other  Poems;  The  Ecno,  or  Borrowed 
Notes  for  Home  Circulation;  and  Love's 
Calendar,  ana  Other  Poems;  Grayslaer, 
a  novel.  He  died  June  7,  1884,  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pa. 

HOFFMAN,  CLARA  CLhuHORNE,  ed 
ucator,  lecturer,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1836,  in 
De  Kalb,  N.  Y.  For  twelve  years  she  was 
principal  of  the  Great  Ward  school  of 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  where  she  still  resides. 
She  previously  taught  in  Keokuk,  Iowa, 
and  in  Columbia,  111.  In  1882  she  was 
elected  president  of  the  Missouri  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  union;  and  in 
1893  was  elected  recording  secretary  of 
the  National  Woman's  Christian  Tem 
perance  union.  She  has  lectured  in  all 
the  states  of  the  union,  and  in  Great 
Britain  and  Canada.  Humphrey  Cleg- 
horne,  her  father,  kept  an  underground 
railway  station  for  runaway  slaves  flee 
ing  to  Canada.  In  1861  she  married  Dr. 
Goswin  Hoffman,  now  a  successful  Ger 
man  physician  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


HOFFMAN,  1/-VID,  educator,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1784,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  a  lawyer  who  was 
professor  of  law  in  the  university  of 
Maryland,  and  the  author  of  A  Course  of 
Legal  Study;  Legal  Outlines;  Legal 
Hints;  Miscellaneous  Thoughts  on  Men 
and  Things;  Chronicles  Selected  from  the 
Originals  of  Cartaphilus,  the  Wandering 
Jew;  and  Viator,  a  Peep  into  My  Note 
book.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1854,  in  New  York 
city. 

HOFFMAN,  DAVID  BANCROFT,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  July  25,  1827,  in 
Bainbridge,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  physician  of 
San  Diego  who  has  published  Medical 
History  of  San  Diego  County,  California. 

HOFFMAN,  EUGENE  AUGUSTUS, 
clergyman,  and  dean  of  the  General  Theo 
logical  seminary  of  New  York  city,  was 
born  March  21,  1829, 
in  New  York  city. 
He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Colum 
bia  college.  Gram 
mar  college,  Rut- 
ger's  college,  and 
Harvard  university. 
He  has  been  rector 
|  of  Christ  church  of 
Elizabeth,  N.  J.;  St. 
Mary's  church  of 
Burlington,  N.  J.; 
Grace  church  ,of 
Brooklyn  Heights;  and  St.  Mark's  church 
of  Philadelphia.  'I  his  eminent  clergyman 
of  the  protestant  episcopal  church  is  now 
dean  of  the  General  Theological  seminary 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Free 
Churches;  The  Ritualistic  Week;  Manual 
of  Devotion  for  Communicants:  and  otner 
works. 

HOFFMAN,  HENRY  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  trom  that  state  from 
1855  to  1857.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
collector  of  the  port  of  Baltimore. 

HOFFMAN,  JOHN  N.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1804,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  lutheran  clergyman  of  Lebanon, 
Pa.,  and  the  author  of  Evangelical 
Hymns,  Original  and  Selected;  A  Collec 
tion  of  Tests;  and  The  Broken  Platform, 
a  Defence  of  the  Symbolical  Books  of  the 
Lutheran  Church.  He  died  in  1857. 

HOFFMAN,  JOHN  THOMPSON,  law 
yer,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1828,  in 
Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  recorder 
of  New  York  city  in  1860  and  1863;  and 
was  elected  mayor  in  1865,  and  re-elected 
in  1867.  He  was  chosen  governor  in  1869, 
serving  until  18 12.  He  died  March  24, 
1888,  in  Germany. 

HOFFMAN,  MICHAEL,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1788,  in  Clifton 
Park,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  congress 
in  1824,  and  continued  a  member  for  eight 
years.  He  was  appointed  a  canal  com 
missioner  for  the  state  of  New  York, 
wrote  several  able  reports,  and  resigned 
the  office  in  1835.  In  1841  he  went  into 
the  house  of  assembly  from  Herkimer 
county.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1848,  in  Broo^- 
lyn. 

HOFFMAN,  MURRAY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1791,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  prominent  jurist  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Office, 
and  Duties  of  Masters  in  Chancery;  Es 
tate  and  Rights  of  the  Corporation  of 
New  York  as  Proprietors;  Law  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United 
States;  Ecclesiastical  Law  in  the  State 
of  New  York;  and  Law  and  Practice  as  to 
References.  He  died  May  7,  1878,  in 
Flushing,  L.  I. 


HOFFMAN,  OGuEN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  3,  1793,  in  New  York 
city.  He  entered  the  navy  as  a  midship 
man,  but  in  three 
years  resigned.  He 
was  appointed  dis 
trict  attorney  of 
Orange  county;  and 
removed  to  New 
York  city  in  1826.  in 
1828  he  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  leg 
islature;  from  1829 
to  1835  was  district 
attorney;  and  was 
appointed  United 
States  district  attor 
ney  by  President  Harrison.  From  1837 
to  1841  he  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress;  and  was  again  elected  to  congress 
in  1848.  In  1854  he  was  appointed  at 
torney-general  of  the  state.  He  died  May 
1,  1856,  in  New  York  city. 

HOFFMAN.  OGDEN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1822,  in  Goshen,  N.  Y. 
In  1850  he  moved  to  California,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law;  and  in  1851 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  the  district  of  Cali 
fornia. 

HOFFMAN,  RICHARD  C.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  July  13,  1839,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.  Since  1893  he  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  Sea  Board  Air  line. 

HOFFMAN,  RICHARD  H.,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  May  24,  1831,  in 
England.  He  was  the  solo  piano  player 
of  the  first  series  of  the  Jenny  Lind  con 
certs.  He  settled  in  New  York  as  a 
teacher  and  concert  player. 

HOFFMAN,  WICKHAM,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  2,  1821,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  diplomatist  who,  after  serv 
ing  as  secretary  of  legation  at  Paris,  Lon 
don  and  St.  Petersburg  successively,  was 
minister  to  Denmark  in  1883-85.  He  is 
the  author  of  Camp,  Court  and  Siege,  a 
Narrative  of  Personal  Adventure  During 
Two  V/ars;  and  Leisure  Hours  in  Russia. 

HOFFMAN,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  Dec.  2,  1807,  in  New  York  city.  He 
served  in  the  Sioux  expedition  of  1855, 
and  in  1858  in  the  Utah  expedition  and 
the  march  to  California.  He  became  a 
lieutenant-colonel  in  1860.  and  was  sub 
sequently  brevetted  brigadier-general  and 
major-general.  He  died  Aug.  12,  1884,  in 
Rock  Island,  111. 

HOFFORD,  MARTIN  LOWRIE,  clergy 
man,  educator,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1825, 
near  Doylestown,  Pa.  In  1860  he  became 
a  teacher  in  the  Trenton  city  institute, 
and  in  1863  took  charge  of  a  military  in 
stitute  at  Allentown,  Pa.,  which  flour 
ished  under  his  administration,  and  was 
incorporated  as  Muhlenberg  college,  in 
which  he  was  a  professor  and  afterward 
president. 

HOGAN,  JOHN,  banker,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  2,  1805,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a 
politician  and  banker  of  St.  Louis,  and 
its  postmaster;  and  the  author  of 
Thoughts  About  St.  Louis;  Resources  of 
Missouri;  Suetches  of  Early  Western 
Pioneers;  and  History  of  Western  Metho 
dism.  He  died  in  1892. 

HOGAN,  JOHN  ALVIN,  educator,  was 
born  Nov.  16,  1859,  in  St.  Anthony,  now 
East  Minneapolis,  Minn.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  district 
schools,  and  graduated  from  the  state 
university  of  Minnesota.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  educator,  and  since  1889 
has  been  county  superintendent  of 
schools,  with  headquarters  in  St.  Paul, 
Minn. 


488 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HOGAN,  JOHN  JOSEPH,  Roman  cath 
olic  bishop,  was  born  May  10,  1829,  in 
Ireland.  In  1882  he  began  to  build  the 
cathedral  of  the  Immaculate  Conception 
in  Kansas. 

HOGAN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1792,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  for  many  years  a  county 
judge;  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York  from  1831  to  1833;  and  in 
1850  became  an  examiner  of  claims  in 
the  department  of  state,  which  position 
was  soon  exchanged  for  that  of  trans 
lator.  He  died  about  Io75,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

HOGE,  BEVERLY  LACY,  lawyer,  pro 
hibitionist,  was  born  April  8,  1863,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Va.  He  received  his 
education  at  the 
Virginia  A.  and  M. 
college  of  Blacks- 
burg.  He  is  the 
youngest  son  of  Hon. 
James  F.  Hoge,  and 
a  grandson  of  Gen 
eral  James  Hoge. 
Mr.  Hoge  has  been 
prominent  in  church 
and  prohibition 
work  of  his  state  for 
the  past  twelve 
years;  and  as  a  law 
yer  he  has  the  largest  practice  of  any 
lawyer  in  Roanoke,  Va.  He  has  canvassed 
the  state  for  the  prohibition  party;  and 
has  had  marked  success  as  an  evangelist. 
He  has  been  chairman  of  the  state  execu 
tive  committee  of  the  prohibition  party 
of  Virginia;  and  has  filled  with  honor 
various  positions  in  his  town,  county  and 
state. 

HOGE,  JAMES,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
1784,  in  Moorfield,  Va.  He  was  the  pion 
eer  of  the  temperance  movement  in  Ohio, 
and  an  ardent  abolitionist,  although  born 
in  a  slave  state.  He  was  instrumental  in 
establishing  the  state  deaf,  dumb,  blind, 
and  insane  asylums;  was  a  trustee  of  two 
educational  institutions:  and  a  founder 
of  the  Ohio  Bible  society.  He  died  Sept. 
22,  1863,  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

HOGE,  JOHN,  soldier,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1760, 
near  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  entered  the  army  of 
the  revolution  in  1776,  and  was  made 
ensign  of  the  ninth  Pennsylvania  regi 
ment.  In  1782  he  moved  to  the  western 
part  of  the  state,  and  with  his  brother 
William  founded  the  town  of  Washington. 
From  1790  to  1795  he  served  in  the  state 
senate.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  in  1804  and  1805. 
He  died  Aug.  4,  1824,  near  Washington, 
Pa. 

HOGE,  JOHN  BLAIR,  lawyer,  jurist, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  2, 
1825,  in  Richmond,  Va.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  house  of  representatives 
from  1855  to  1859.  He  served  in  the  con 
federate  army  as  a  commissioned  officer 
throughout  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  He 
was  circuit  Judge  from  1872  to  1880,  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-seventh  congress 
as  a  representative  from  West  Virginia 
as  a  democrat. 

HOGE,  JOSEPH  P.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  removed  to  Illinois, 
and  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1843  to  1847. 

HOGE.  MOSES,  educator,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1752,  in  Freder 
ick  county,  Va.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  and  educator  of  Virginia,  pres 
ident  of  Hampden  and  Sidney  college  in 
1806-20,  and  widely  known  as  an  eloquent 
preacher.  He  was  the  author  of  Christian 
Panoply,  a  Reply  to  Palne's  Age  of  Rea 
son;  and  Sermons.  He  died  July  5,  1820, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HOGE,  SAMUEL  DAVIES,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  in  1791,  in  Shep- 
herdstown,  Va.  In  1824  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  anu  natural  phi 
losophy  in  the  Ohio  university,  Athens; 
was  acting  president  for  several  sessions; 
and  pastor  of  the  town  and  college 
churches.  He  died  Dec.  10,  1826,  in 
Athens,  Ohio. 

HOGE,  SOLOMON  LA  FAYETTE,  sol 
dier,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  about 
1837,  in  Logan  county,  Ohio.  He  entered 
the  army  as  first  lieutenant  in  the  in 
fantry;  was  twice  brevetted  for  gallant 
conduct  in  battle;  and  at  the  close  of  the 
war  received  a  commission  in  the  regu 
lar  army.  He  was  elected  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state  by 
the  general  assembly;  and  was  elected  to 
the  forty-first  and  forty-fourth  con 
gresses. 

HOGE,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1762,  in  Cumberland  county,  Pa. 
He  founded  the  town  of  Washington;  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1801  to  1804,  when  he  re 
signed;  and  again  from  1807  to  1809.  He 
died  Sept.  25,  181i,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HOGE,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1821,  near  Hampden 
Sidney  college,  Va.  He  was  a  presby 
terian  clergyman  of  New  York  city,  and 
subsequently  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  very  pop 
ular  in  his  day,  and  the  author  of  Blind 
Bartimeus,  or  the  Sightless  Sinner.  He 
died  July  5,  1864,  in  Petersburg,  Va. 

HOGEBOOM,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  1808,  in  Co 
lumbia  county,  N.  Y.  In  1831  he  became 
a  master  in  chancery  and  county  judge  of 
Columbia  county,  and  in  1839  was  elected 
to  the  legislature.  In  1857  he  was  elected 
justice  of  the  supreme  court,  and  again  in 
1865.  He  died  Sept.  12,  1872,  in  Hudson, 
N.  Y. 

HOGEBOOM,  JAMES  L.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1821;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1823  to  1825. 

HOGG,  CHARLES  EDGAR,  lawyer, 
lecturer,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  21,  1852,  In  Pleasant  Flats,  W.  Va. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875,  and 
in  1887  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress 
from  the  fourth  congressional  district  of 
West  Virginia.  He  is  the  author  of 
Hogg's  Pleading  and  Forms,  a  work  on 
common  law  practice. 

HOGG.  JAMES  STEPHEN,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  governor,  was  born  March  24,  1851, 
near  Rusk,  Texas.  He  commenced  life  as 
a  printer,  entered  journalism,  and  for 
several  years  was  the  owner  and  editor 
of  a  newspaper.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  in  1886  was  elected  attorney- 
general  of  Texas.  In  1890  he  was  elected 
to  the  high  office  of  governor  of  Texas, 
and  was  elected  to  a  second  term.  He 
had  previously  filled  the  office  of  justice 
of  the  peace;  district  and  county  attor 
ney,  and  other  minor  offices.  He  has 
been  a  consistent  democrat;  has  never 
been  defeated  in  the  conventions  of  his 
party,  nor  at  the  polls;  and  in  the  face  of 
the  brightest  prospects  has  declined  to 
become  a  candidate  for  United  States  sen 
ator,  preferring  to  devote  his  time  to 
private  life  and  his  profession. 

HOGG,  SAMUEL,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  18,  1873,  in  Halifax. 
N.  C.  He  served  as  surgeon  in  the  army 
during  the  Creek  war.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature;  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1817  to  1819,  and 
declined  a  re-election.  He  was  president 
of  the  Medical  Society  of  Tennessee.  He 
died  May  28.  1842,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 


HOGG,  WILSON  THOMAS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1852,  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  free  methodist  clergyman,  presi 
dent  of  Greenville  college,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Handbook  of  Homiletics  and  Pas 
toral  Theology;  and  Revivals  and  Re 
vival  Work. 

HOGUE,  NICHOLAS,  farmer,  jurist, 
legislator,  was  born  June  4,  1843,  in  Etna 
Borough,  Pa.  He  was  school  director  for 
nine  years;  has  served  as  justice  of  the 
peace;  and  for  one  term  was  a  member 
of  the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature. 

HOGUE,  SOLOMON  FISHER,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  April  1,  1848,  near  Waynesburg,  Pa. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  district 
school,  Waynesburg  college,  the  state 
normal  school  and  at  the  Cornell  uni 
versity  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  In  his  youth  he 
learned  the  wagon  making  trade;  and 
while  working  at  the  bench  studied  dur 
ing  his  spare  moments.  He  subsequently 
taught  school  and  finished  his  education; 
and  has  since  been  county  superintendent 
of  public  instruction  of  Greene  county. 
Pa.;  president  of  Monongahela  college; 
principal  of  the  Ellwood  academy,  Pa.; 
and  of  Hall  institute  of  Sharon,  Pa.  Rev. 
S.  F.  Hogue  has  received  the  degrees  of 
A.  M.,  M.  E.  D.,  and  Ph.  D. 

HOIT,  ALBERT  GALLATIN,  artist, 
was  born  Dec.  13,  1809,  in  Sandwich,  N. 
H.  He  became  a  portrait1  painter,  but  he 
was  also  successful  as  a  landscape  artist. 
He  died  Dec.  18,  1856,  in  West  Roxbury, 
Mass. 

HOIT.  JAMES  DE  WITT  C.,  physician, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1842,  in  Laconia, 
N.  H.  He  graduated  in  medicine  from 
the  Missouri  Med 
ical  college  of  St. 
Louis;  and  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession 
with  success  in 
Yates  City  and  Elm- 
wood,  111.  He  has 
contributed  exten 
sively  to  medical  lit 
erature  and  the  pe 
riodical  press;  and 
nib  poems  have  been 
incorporated  into 
Poets  of  America 
and  other  standard  works. 

HOKE,  JACOB,  author.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Age  we  Live  In;  Holi 
ness,  or  the  Higher  Christian  Life;  Clus 
ters  from  Eshcol;  Guide  to  the  Battle- 
Field  of  Gettysburg;  and  The  Great  In 
vasion  of  1863. 

HOKE,  MARTHA  HARRIET,  artist, 
was  born.  March  26,  1861,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  As  a  portrait  painter  on  ivory  her 
name  is  prominently  known,  and  she  is 
also  known  by  her  superior  work  in  black 
and  white.  During  1890  she  taught  draw 
ing  from  the  antique  in  the  St.  Louis 
School  of  Fine  Arts. 

HOLAHAN,  MARTHA  EILEEN,  poet, 
was  born  July  1,  1863,  in  Turner,  111.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  poem  in  one  volume 
entitled  Nondescript,  or  The  Passionate 
Recluse. 

HOLBROOK,  ALFRED,  educator,  was 
born  in  1816,  in  Derby,  Conn.  He  pos 
sessed  great  inventive  talents  and  a  taste 
for  civil  engineering,  but  devoted  himself 
to  educational  work.  He  founded  a 
large  institution  at  Lebanon,  Ohio,  prin 
cipally  for  the  training  of  teachers,  which 
proved  successful.  In  1897  he  was  elect 
ed  chancellor  of  the  Southern  Normal 
university  of  Huntington,  Tenn.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Normal,  or  Methods  of 
Teaching;  an  English  Grammar  Conform 
ed  to  Present  Usage;  a  volume  of  Lec 
tures;  and  other  works. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HOLBROOK,  AMOS,  physician,  was 
born  Jan.  23,  1754,  in  Bellingham,  Mass. 
He  established  temporary  hospitals  for 
the  admission  of  patients  who  had  been 
inoculated  for  the  small-pox,  and  was  ac 
tive  in  introducing  and  promoting  public 
vaccination  in  Milton,  Mass.,  which  was 
the  first  town  in  the  country  that  in  a 
corporate  capacity  gave  its  inhabitants 
the  benefits  of  this  protective  agent  He 
died  June  17,  1842,  in  Milton,  Mass. 

HOLBROOK,  CHARLES  C.,  lawyer  ju 
rist,  was  born  July  13,  184s!  in  Russell 
county,  Va.  In  1881  he  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  of  the  fourth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Colorado  at  Alamosa.  In  1891  he 
was  elected  district  judge  for  an  unex- 
pired  term  of  three  years;  and  in  1894 
was  re-elected  to  the  same  office  for  a  full 
term  of  six  years. 

HOLBROOK,  E.  D.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1836,  in  Elyria,  Ohio 
Having  moved  to  Idaho,  he  was  elected  a 
•delegate  from  that  territory  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress;  and  re-elected  to  the  for 
tieth  congress. 

HOLBROOK,  FREDERICK,  governor 
was  born  in  1813,  in  East  Windsor,  Conn.' 
He  was  governor  of  Vermont  from  1861  to 
1863. 

HOLBROOK,  JAMkS,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1812.  He  was,  from 
1845,  a  special  agent  of  the  United  States 
postofflce.  He  published  Ten  Years 
Among  the  Mailbags.  He  died  April  28 
1864,  in  Brooklyn,  Conn. 

HOLBROOK,  JOHN  EDWARDS  physi 
cian,  naturalist,  author,  was  born  Dec  30 
1794,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  was  a  physi 
cian  and  naturalist,  professor  of  anatomy 
at  the  medical  college  in  Charleston  for 
more  than  thirty  years,  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  American  Herpetology;  and 
Ichthyology  of  South  Carolina.  He  died 
Sept.  8,  1871,  in  Norfolk,  Mass. 

HOLBROOK,  MARTIN  LUTHER,  phy 
sician,  editor,  author,  was  born  Feb.  30, 
1831,  in  Mantua,  Ohio.  He  is  a  physician 
of  New  York  city,  professor  of  hygiene  in 
the  New  York  Medical  College  and  Hos 
pital  for  Women,  and  editor  of  The  Her 
ald  of  Health  and  Journal  of  Hygiene. 
He  is  the  author  of  Parturition  Without 
Pain;  Eating  for  Strength;  Hygiene  of 
Brain  and  Nerves;  Marriage  and  Parent 
age;  How  to  Strengthen  the  Memory;  and 
Hygienic  Treatment  of  Consumption. 

HOLBROOK.  REGINALD  HEBER,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  April  10,  1845,  in 
Berea,  Ohio.  He  was  the  president  of  the 
Normal  university  of  Lebanon,  Ohio.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  New  Method;  First 
Principles  of  Science  of  Education;  and 
Outlines  of  United  States  History. 

HOLBROOK,  SILAS  PINCKNEY,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  June  1,  1796,  in 
Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Med- 
field,  Mass.,  and  the  author  of  Sketches 
by  a  Traveller.  He  died  May  26,  1835  in 
Pineville,  S.  C. 

HOLCOMB,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Lambertsville,  N. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1815;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1821  to 
1828.  He  died  Jan.  14,  1828,  in  Allen- 
town. 

HOLCOMB,  SILAS  ALEXANDER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  25, 
1858,  in  Gibson  county,  Ind.  For  two 
terms  he  served  as  judge  of  the  twelfth 
judicial  district  of  Nebraska;  was  elected 
governor  of  Nebraska  in  1894,  and  re 
ceived  the  re-election  in  1896. 

HOLCOMBE,  AMASA,  scientist,  state 
senator,  was  born  June  18,  1787,  in  Cran- 
by.  Conn.  He  had  no  competitors  in  the 
manufacturing  of  the  reflecting  telescope 


for  twenty  years;  and  he  constructed  the 
first  instrument  and  took  the  first  Daguer- 
rean  portrait  in  this  county.  He  was  jus 
tice  of  the  peace  for  thirty-two  years;  and 
elected  a  state  senator  in  1840.  He  died 
Feb.  27,  1873,  in  South  wick,  Mass. 

HOLCOMBE,  HENRY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1762,  in  Virginia. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  the  author  of  Lectures  on  Prim 
itive  Theology;  and  First  Fruits.  He  died 
May  22,  1826,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HOLCOMBE,  HOSEA,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  20,  1780,  in  Union 
district,  S.  C.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man  of  Alabama,  and  the  author  of  Col 
lection  of  Sacred  Hymns;  Anti-Mission 
Principles  Exposed;  and  History  of  Ala 
bama  Baptists.  He  died  in  1841,  in  Jeffer 
son  county,  Ala. 

HOLCOMBE,  JAMES  PHILhMON, 
lawyer,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
25.  1820,  in  Lynchburg,  Va.  He  was  a 
lawyer  and  educator  of  Virginia,  profes 
sor  of  law  in  the  university  of  Virginia 
in  1852-60,  and  a  member  of  the  confed 
erate  congress  in  1861-1863.  He  was  the 
author  of  Law  of  Debtor  and  Creditor; 
Literature  and  Letters;  Introduction  to 
Equity  Jurisprudence;  Leading  Cases 
upon  Commercial  Law;  Digest  of  United 
States  Supreme  Court  Decisions;  and 
Merchants'  Book  of  Reference.  He  died 
Aug.  26,  1873,  in  Capon  Springs,  Va. 

HOLCOMBE,  MELVIN  ALLEN,  educa 
tor,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  16, 
1870,  in  Maulden,  Ky.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  state;  attended  the 
National  Normal  university  of  Lebanon, 
Ohio,  and  the  College  of  Kentucky.  For 
several  years  he  taught  in  the  public 
schools;  and  during  1894-97  was  superin 
tendent  of  public  schools  for  Jackson 
county,  Ky.  He  has  built  fifty-four 
school  houses;  and  is  now  professor  of 
mathematics  in  the  Berea  college.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1894;  is  the 
author  of  The  History  of  Jackson  Coun 
ty;  and  has  contributed  extensively  to 
current  literature. 

HOLCOMBE,  WILLIAM  FREDERICK, 
physician,  author,  was  born  in  1827.  in 
Maine.  He  is  a  physician  of  New  York 
city,  professor  of  eye  and  ear  diseases  in 
several  medical  institutions,  and  is  the 
author  of  History  of  Mount  Sterling,  Ken 
tucky;  History  of  the  Holcombes  in 
America;  and  Family  Records,  their  Im 
portance  and  Value. 

HOLCOMBE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  phy 
sician,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  25 
1825,  in  Lynchburg,  Va.  He  was  a 
homoeopathic  physician  of  New  Orleans, 
who  was  well  known  as  a  Swedenborgiari 
writer,  and  was  the  author  of  Our  Chil 
dren  in  Heaven;  Lost  Truths  of  Chris 
tianity;  The  Other  Life;  Southern 
Voices,  a  volume  of  verse;  Scientific  Ba 
sis  of  Homoeopathy;  How  I  Became 
a  Homoeopath;  Poems;  The  Sexes  Here 
and  Hereafter;  In  Both  Worlds;  The  End 
of  the  World;  The  New  Tenant;  Letters 
on  Spiritual  Subjects;  and  Condensed 
Thoughts  About  Christian  Science.  He 
died  in  1894. 

HOLDEN,  EDMUND  SINGLETON,  as 
tronomer,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  5,  1846,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  an 
astronomer,  president  of  the  university  of 
California  since  1880,  and  director  of  the 
Lick  observatory.  He  is  the  author  of 
Astronomy  for  Students;  Life  of  Sir  Wil 
liam  Herschel;  Monograph  of  the  Central 
Parts  of  the  Nebula  of  Orion;  Notes  on 
the  Bastion  System  of  Fortification;  As 
tronomical  Bibliography;  Handbook  of 
Lick  Observatory;  and  The  Mogul  Emper 
ors  of  Hindustan. 


HOLDEN,  GEORGE  HENRY,  author, 
was  born  in  1848,  in  Massachusetts.  He  is 
the  proprietor  of  a  bird  store  in  Boston 
who  has  published  Canaries  and  Cage 
Birds. 

HOLDEN,  LUTHER  LOUD,  author.  He 
is  the  author  of  Persis,  a  Tale  of  the 
White  Mountains;  and  A  Summer  Jaunt 
through  the  Old  World. 

HOLDEN,  OLIVER,  composer,  was 
born  Sept.  18,'  1763,  in  Shirley,  Mass.  He 
will  always  be  remembered  by  his  world 
wide  regal  hymn.  Coronation.  He  died  in 
1831,  in  Charlestown,  Mass. 

HOLDEN,     \VARREN,    educator,    poet, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1817,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
After  receiving  his  education  he   took  a 
voyage     round   Cape 
Horn     to     the    west 
coast        of         South 
America.     He  subse 
quently      became     a 
teacher    in   Pennsyl 
vania,   Virginia   and 
New     Jersey,     until 
called  to  Girard  col 
lege   in    1852.     After 
forty-five     years     of 
service    as  professor 
of    mathematics     in 
that  institution,     he 
was  retired  in  1896  with  a  yearly  pension 
He  is  the  author  of  several   volumes  of 
poems,  entitled   Fourteen  Sonnets;    Song 
the  Sea;  Autobiography  of  Love;  Spir 
itual    Evolution;    Discovery   of   America; 
and  others.   All  these  works  contain  gems 
of  song  that  place  Mr.  Holden  in  the  fore 
most  rank  of  American  poets. 

HOLDEN,  WILLIAM  WOODS,  journal 
ist,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  24  1818  in 
Orange  county,  N.  C.  He  was  provisional 
governor  of  the  state  in  1865;  was  elected 
governor  in  1869,  but  was  impeached  for 
malfeasance  in  office,  and  in  1872  was  re 
moved  from  the  governorship  by  a  two- 
thirds  vote  of  the  senate  of  North  Caro 
lina,  sitting  as  a  court  of  impeachment. 

HOLDER,  CHARLES  FREDERICK 
naturalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  5  185l' 
m  Lynn,  Mass.  He  is  a  naturalist  of  New 
York  city,  and  a  popular  writer  upon  nat 
ural  history  topics.  He  is  the  author  of 
Elements  of  Zoology;  Marvels  of  Animal 
Life;  The  Ivory  King;  Living  Lights; 
Wonder  Wings;  A  Strange  Company  A 
Frozen  Dragon,  and  Other  Tales'  All 
About  Pasadena;  Along  the  Florida  Reef- 
Life  of  Agassiz;  and  Young  Folks'  Story 
Book  of  Natural  History. 

HOLDER,  JOSEPH  BASSETT  zoolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1808,  in 
Lynn,  Mass.  He  was  a  zoologist  who 
was  a  curator  in  the  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  New  York  city.  He  was 
the  author  of  History  of  the  North  Ameri 
can  Fauna;  History  of  the  Atlantic  Right 
Whales;  and  The  Living  World.  He  died 
Feb.  28,  1888,  in  New  York  city. 

HOLDICH,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  20,  1804,  in  England. 
He  is  a  methodist  clergyman  who  was 
secretary  of  the  American  Bible  society 
in  1849-78,  and  is  the  author  of  Bible  His 
tory;  Life  of  A.  H.  Hurd;  and  Life  of 
Wilbur  Fisk. 

HOLLADAY,  ALBERT  LEWIS,  college 
president,  was  born  April  16,  1805  in 
Spottsylvania  county,  Va.  In  1856  he  was 
elected  president  of  Hampden  Sidney  col 
lege.  He  died  Oct.  18,  1856,  in  Mansfield 
Va. 

HOLLADAY,  ALEXANDER  R.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1849  to  1853. 


490 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HOLLADAY,  LEWIS  L.,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1832,  in  Spottsyl- 
vania  county,  Va.  From  1889-91  he  was 
president  of  Hampden  Sidney  college.  He 
died  July  23,  1891. 

HOLLAND,  CORNELIUS,  physician, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  July 
9,  1782.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
constitutional  convention  of  1819,  from 
Canton;  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
in  1820  and  1821;  and  a  state  senator  in 
1822,  1825,  and  1826.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  irom  Maine  from  1830 
to  1833. 

HOLLAND,  DE  WITT  CLINTON,  busi 
ness  man,  justice  of  the  peace,  was  born 
Aug.  2,  1842,  in  Canada.  Since  1869  he 
has  been  successfully  engaged  in  the 
transfer  and  the  express  business  at  Me- 
chanicsburg,  Ohio.  He  has  taken  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  state, 
and  is  now  serving  a  third  term  as  justice 
of  the  peace. 

HOLLAND,  EDWARD  CLIFFORD, 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  in  1794,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
Charleston  who  was  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  Odes,  Naval  Songs,  and  Ocher 
Poems.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1824,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C. 

HOLLAND,  FREDERICK  MAY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  May  2,  1836,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  author  of 
The  Reign  of  the  Stoics;  Stories  from 
Robert  Browning;  The  Rise  of  Intellec 
tual  Liberty  from  Thales  to  Copernicus; 
and  Life  of  Frederick  Douglass. 

HOLLAND,  FREDERICK  WEST,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  23,  1811,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman  of  Concord,  Mass.,  and  the  author 
of  Scenes  in  Palestine;  and  Sinai  and  Je 
rusalem,  or  Scenes  from  Bible  Lands. 

HOLLAND,  HENRY  WARE,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1844,  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  Boston  lawyer  and 
journalist,  ami  the  author  of  William 
Dawes  and  His  Ride  with  Paul  Revere. 

HOLLAND,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina,  from  1795  to  1797;  and 
again  from  1801  to  1811. 

HOLLAND.  JOSIAH  GILBERT— TIM 
OTHY  T1TCOMB— lecturer,  author,  poet, 
was  born  July  24,  1819,  In  Belchertown, 
Mass.  He  was  edit 
or  of  The  Springfield 
Republican  in  1849- 
66.  and  of  Scribner's 
Magazine  from  1870 
until  his  death.  He 
was  the  author  of 
Kathrina;  Bitter 
Sweet;  The  Mistress 
of  The  Manse;  The 
Marble  Prophecy : 
Garnered  Sheaves, 
including  all  his 
poems  up  to  1873; 
The  Puritan's  Guest,  and  Other  Poems.  In 
fiction:  The  Bay  Path;  Arthur  Bonnicas- 
tle;  Sevenoaks;  Miss  Gilbert's  Career: 
Nicholas  Minturn.  His  other  works  com 
prise:  Gold  Foil  Hammered  from  Popular 
Proverbs;  History  of  Western  Massachu 
setts;  Letters  to  Young  People;  Lessons 
in  Life:  Concerning  the  Jones  Family; 
Plain  Talks  on  Familiar  Subjects;  and 
Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  He  died  Oct. 
12,  1881,  In  New  York  city. 

HOLLAND,  ROBERT  AFTON.  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1844.  in  Tennes 
see.  He  Is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  St. 
Louis,  but  formerly  a  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  faith.  He  is  the  author  of  The 


Philosophy  of  the  Real  Presence;  Rela 
tions  of  Philosophy  to  Agnosticism  and 
Religion;  The  Proof  of  Immortality;  Mid 
summer  Night's  Dream,  an  Interpreta 
tion;  Democracy  in  the  Church;  and 
What  is  the  Use  of  Going  to  Church? 

HOLLEMAN.  JOEL,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1799,  in  the 
county  of  Isle  of  Wight,  Va.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia, 
from  1839  to  1840.  He  was  subsequently 
in  the  state  legislature  for  several  years, 
and  was  speaker  of  the  house.  He  died 
in  August,  1844. 

HOLLENBACK,  FRANK  R..  poet.  He 
has  written  extensively  both  prose  and 
verse,  which  have  appeared  in  the  west 
ern  papers,  and  in  several  standard  col 
lections. 

HOLLEY,  ALEXANDER  H.,  governor, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  gover 
nor  of  his  native  state  in  1857. 

HOLLEY,  ALEXANDER  LYMAN,  civil 
engineer,  metallurgist,  author,  was  born 
July  20,  1832,  in  Lakeville.  Conn.  He  was 
an  engineer  of  eminence  who  was  a  lec 
turer  on  iron  and  steel  manufacture  in 
the  Columbia  School  of  Mines  from  1879, 
and  an  inventor  of  prominence.  He  was 
the  author  of  Railway  Economics;  and 
Treatise  on  Ordnance  and  Armor.  He 
died  Jan.  29,  1882,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HOI-LEY,  HENRY  W..  poet,  was  born 
May  5,  1828,  in  Pierrepont  Manor,  N.  Y. 
From  an  early  age  he  contributed  exten 
sively  to  periodical 
literature.  He  is  the 
author  of  three  po 
etical  works  entitled 
Moods  and  Emotions 
in  Rhyme;  The  Poli 
ticians  and  Other 
Poems;  and  What  I 
Think,  a  satire.  He 
is  also  the  author  of 
two  works  in  prose 
entitled  The  Hig- 
ginsville  Papers; 
and  Random  Shots 
at  Living  Targets.  As  an  author  Mr.  Hoi- 
ley  has  achieved  great  success,  and  the 
press  speaks  in  glowing  terms  of  both  his 
prose  and  verse.  His  poems  have  been 
given  a  place  in  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works.  He  died  June  2t. 
1897,  in  Everett,  Wash. 

HOLLEY,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1802,  in 
Salisbury,  Conn.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  assembly  from  1838  to 
1841;  and  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1847  to 
1848.  He  died  March  8,  1848,  in  Jackson 
ville,  Fla. 

HOLLEY,  MARIETTA— Josiah  Allen's 
Wife — author,  poet,  was  born  in  1844,  in 
New  York.  She  is  a  well-known  and  popu 
lar  humorous  writer  whose  home  has  al 
ways  been  at  Ellisburg,  N.  Y.  She  is  the 
author  of  My  Opinions  and  Betsey  Bob- 
bet's;  My  Wayward  Pardner:  Josiah  Al 
len's  Wife  as  a  P.  A.  and  a  P.  I.;  Saman- 
tha  at  the  World's  Fair;  Samantha  In  Eu 
rope;  Samantha  Among  the  Brethren; 
Samantha  at  Saratoga;  Samantha  at  the 
Centennial;  Poems;  Sweet  Cicely;  and 
Joslah's  Alarm. 

HOLLEY,  MRS.  MARY  AUSTIN,  au 
thor.  She  was  the  author  of  Texas;  Ob 
servations  Historical,  Geographical,  and 
Descriptive;  and  Memoir  of  Horace  Hoi- 
ley.  She  died  Aug.  2,  1846,  in  New  Or 
leans,  La. 

HOLLEY.  ORVILLE  LUTHER,  lawyer, 
editor,  author,  was  born  May  19,  1791,  in 
Salisbury,  Conn.  He  was  a  lawyer  and 


journalist  of  New  York  city,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Description  of  New  York  City; 
and  Life  of  Benjamin  Franklin.  He  died 
March  25,  1861,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

HOLLIDAY,  FREDERICK  W.  M.,  gov 
ernor.  He  was  governor  of  Virginia  from 
1878  to  1882. 

HOLLIDAY,  JOHN  HAMPDEN.  jour 
nalist,  was  born  May  31,  1846,  in  Indianap 
olis.  Ind.  He  is  the  founder  and  editor 
of  the  Indianapolis  News,  which  was  es 
tablished  in  1875.  Since  1893  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Union  Trust  company  of 
his  city. 

HOLLINGSWORTH,  DAVID  A.,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1844, 
in  Belmont,  Ohio.  After  graduating  from 
Mount  Union  college 
he  soon  acquired 
prominence  as  a  law 
yer,  and  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney 
of  Harrison  courity. 
Ohio.  He  subse 
quently  became  at 
torney-general  of 
Ohio;  and  a  member 
of  the  state  senate. 
He  is  a  noted  writer 
on  law  topics,  and  is 
a  constant  contrib 
utor  to  the  leading  newspapers  and  maga 
zines  of  the  United  States. 

HOLLISTER,  GIDEON  HIRAM,  law 
yer.  author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1817, 
in  Washington,  Conn.  He  was  a  lawyer 
of  Litchfield,  Conn.,  who  was  minister  u> 
Hayti,  in  1868-69.  He  was  the  author  of 
Mount  Hope,  an  historical  romance;  His 
tory  of  Connecticut;  Thomas  &  Becket,  a 
Tragedy,  and  Other  Poems;  and  Kinley 
Hollow.  He  died  March  24,  1881,  in  Litch 
field,  Conn. 

HOLLISTER,      LILIAN     M..      supreme 
commander  of  The  Ladies  of  the  Macca 
bees,  was  born  in  1853,  in  Milford,  Mich. 
She  was  engaged   in 
educational  work  for 
eight  years.     In  1881 
she    moved    to    De 
troit     in     order     to 
more  effectually 

prosecute  her  musi 
cal  and  literary  stu 
dies.  She  subse 
quently  became  a 
leading  member  and 
president  of  various 
societies.  In  the 
Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  union  she  was  at  first  for  two 
years  their  secretary,  then  vice-president, 
then  president,  in  which  latter  office  so 
efficient  was  her  administration  that  for 
six  successive  years  she  received  the  dis 
tinguished  compliment  of  a  unanimous 
re-election  each  year.  In  1893  she  was, 
elected  great  lady  commander  of  the  La 
dies  of  the  Maccabees;  received  the  unan 
imous  re-election  in  1894;  and  in  1895  was 
elected  supreme  commander  of  the  Ladies 
of  the  Maccabees  of  the  World.  She  is  a 
state  parliamentarian  for  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
of  Michigan;  is  a  successful  public  speak 
er;  and  few  presiding  officers  can  excel 
"her  in  maintaining  harmony  and  expedit 
ing  the  business  of  public  meetings.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Conven 
tional  How;  and  another  work  entitled  A 
Model  Union,  which  has  a  national  and 
world-wide  reputation. 

HOLLISTER,  MADISON  E.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  in  1808,  in  Cayuga  county, 
N.  Y.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  associate 
justice  of  the  United  States  territorial 
court  of  Idaho,  and  was  soon  afterward 
made  chief  justice. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


491 


HOLLOWAY,  DAVID  P.,  journalist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
6,  1809,  in  Waynesville,  Ohio.  In  1843  he 
was  elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the 
state  legislature  of  Indiana,  and  in  1844  to 
the  state  senate,  serving  nine  years.  In 
1855  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Indiana.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  commissioner  of  patents.  He 
died  Sept.  10,  1883,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HOLLOWAY,  JAMES  MONTGOMERY, 
physician,  educator,  was  born  July  14. 
1834,  in  Lexington,  Ky.  From  1874  till 
1877  he  was  professor  of  surgery  in  the 
hospital  college  of  the  medical  department 
of  Central  university,  Kentucky.  He  has 
written  much  for  medical  periodicals. 

HOLLOWAY,  MRS.  LAURA  (CAR 
TER),  author,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1848,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn.  She  is  a  writer  who 
was  for  ten  years  on  the  editorial  staff 
of  The  Brooklyn  Eagle.  She  is  the  author 
of  Ladies  of  the  White  House;  An  Hour 
with  Charlotte  Bronte;  The  Hearthstone, 
or  Life  at  Home;  The  Mothefs  of  Great 
Men  and  Women;  Chinese  Gordon;  How 
ard,  the  Christian  Hero;  Life  of  Adelaide 
Neilson;  and  The  Buddhist  Diet  Book. 

HOLLOWAY,  THOMAS  W.,  merchant, 
farmer,  was  born  March  28,  1829,  near 
Newberry  C.  H.,  S.  C.  In  1846  he 
went  to  Columuia, 
the  capital  of  his 
state;  and  subse 
quently  was  placed 
in  charge  of  the 
freight  department 
of  the  Columbia  and 
Greenville  railroad. 
The  road  being  con 
tinued  to  Newberry, 
he  was  transferred 
to  that  place  as 
agent.  In  1852  he 
was  elected  cashier 
of  the  Bank  of  Newberry;  and  three  years 
later  engaged  in  merchandising  and  farm 
ing.  Since  1858  he  has  been  the  secretary 
of  the  State  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 
society  of  South  Carolina,  and  still  fills 
that  office  in  Pomaria.  He  was  promi 
nent  in  the  affairs  of  the  state  grange, 
and  was  its  secretary  until  that  order 
was  superseded  by  the  alliance.  Colonel 
Holloway  has  received  the  merited  dis 
tinction  of  being  the  most  progressive  and 
best  qualified  secretary  of  any  of  the 
states. 

HOLLY,  CHARLES  F.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Colorado. 

HOLLY,  HENRY  HUDSON,  architect, 
author,  was  born  in  1843,  in  New  York. 
He  is  an  architect  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  Country  Seats;  Church  Ar 
chitecture;  and  Modern  Dwellings  in 
Town  and  Country. 

HOLMAN,  JESSE  LYNCH,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1Y84,  in  Danville, 
Ky.  He  resided  at  Lawrenceburg,  Ind., 
and  about  the  year  1836  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  district  of  In 
diana.  He  died  March  28,  1842,  in  Auro 
ra,  Ind. 

HOLMAN,  WILLIAM  STEELE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1822,  in 
Verdstown,  Ind.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  to  revise  the  constitution  of 
Indiana  in  1»50;  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1851;  and  was  a  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  from  1852 
to  1856.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  thirty-sixth,  thirty- 
seventh,  thirty-eighth,  fortieth,  forty-first, 
forty-second,  forty-third,  forty-fourth,  for 
ty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fif 
tieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third  and 
fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He 


served  more  years  in  congress  than  any 
other  member.  He  died  April  22,  1897,  in 
Washington,  13.  C. 

HOLME,  JOHN,  poet,  was  born  in  Eng 
land.  He  left  in  manuscript  a  long  and 
interesting  poem  entitled  A  True  Relation 
of  the  Flourishing  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
which  was  preserved  by  his  descendants 
and  published  for  the  first  time  in  Bulle 
tin  of  Historical  Collections.  He  died  in 
1701,  in  Salem,  N.  J. 

HOLME,  THOMAS,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  in  1625,  in  Ireland.  His  map  of  the 
Province  of  Pennsylvania,  together  with 
his  Portraiture  of  the  City  of  Philadel 
phia,  published  extensively  in  Europe  in 
1683-84,  has  made  his  name  familiar  to 
every  student  of  American  history.  He 
died  in  1695,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HOLMES,  ADONIRAM  JUDSON.  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
March  2,  1842,  in  \vayne  county,  Ohio. 
He  served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Iowa 
state  legislature  in  1881;  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Iowa  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

HOLMES,  ABIEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  24,  1763,  in  Woodstock, 
Conn.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Cambridge,  pastor  of  the  First  church 
there  in  1792-1832,  and  was  the  author  of 
Life  of  Ezra  Stiles;  History  of  Cam 
bridge;  American  Annals;  and  Memoir 
of  the  French  Protestants.  He  died  June 
4,  1837,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

HOLMES,  ALEXANDER  J.,  soldier, 
clergyman,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1845,  in 
Coxsackie,  N.  Y.  During  the  civil  war 
he  served  gallantly  as  a  soldier  in  tne 
second  regiment  of  the  New  York  volun 
teer  cavalry.  He  received  a  commercial 
education;  studied  law;  and  in  1872  en 
tered  the  ministry  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church.  He  has  attained  success  as 
a  clergyman;  has  helped  three  missions  to 
a  self-supporting  basis;  and  designed  and 
built  six  churches  and  three  parsonages. 
He  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Algonac,  Mich. 

HOLMES,  CHARLES  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1827,  in  Al 
bion,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Albion,  N.  Y.;  and  was  elected  to  the  for 
ty-first  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  as  a  re 
publican. 

HOLMES,  JJAVID,  congressman,  gov 
ernor.  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
Frederick  county,  Va.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1797  to  1809,  and  in  the  latter  year  was 
appointed  governor  of  the  territory  of 
Mississippi,  which  position  he  held  until 
1817.  He  was  governor  of  the  state,  by 
election,  from  1817  to  1819;  and  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  Mississippi  from 
1820  to  1825,  when  he  resigned.  He  died 
Aug.  20,  1832,  in  Washington,  Miss. 

HOLMES,  DAVID,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1810,  in  Newburg.  N.  Y. 
From  1868  till  his  death  he  was  in  the 
ministry  in  the  northwestern  Indiana 
conference.  He  edited  The  Mirror  of  the 
Soul;  and  The  Christian  Preacher;  and 
was  the  author  of  Pure  Gold  in  its  Native 
Loveliness;  and  of  a  Discussion  upon  the 
Atonement,  Universal  Salvation,  and 
Endless  Punishment.  He  died  in  1873,  in 
Battle  Ground.  Mich. 

HOLMES,  EDMUND  M.,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  college  president,  was  born  Dec. 
15,  1859,  in  Hardin  county,  Ohio.  During 
1885-89  he  filled  the  chair  of  Greek  in  the 
Simpson  college,  and  during  1889-92  was 
president  of  that  institution.  He  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  Boone,  Iowa. 


HOLMES,  ELIAS  B.,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  27,  1807,  in 
Fletcher,  Vt.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1845  to 
1849. 

HOLMES,  GABRIEL,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  in  1769,  in  Sam 
son  county,  N.  C.  He  was  in  the  state 
senate  in  1807;  governor  of  the  state  in 
1821 ;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1825  to 
1828.  He  died  Sept.  26,  1829,  near  Clinton, 
N.  C. 

HOLMES,  GEORGE  FREDERICK,  ed 
ucator,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  in  1820,  in  British  Guiana.  In  1846 
he  was  president  of  tne  university  of  Mis 
sissippi;  and  in  1847  professor  of  history, 
political  economy,  and  international  law 
in  William  and  Mary  college.  In  1857  he 
was  chosen  professor  of  history  and  lit 
erature  in  the  university  of  Virginia.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  series  of  text-books. 

HOLMES,    MRS.     GEORGIANA    KLL>- 
GLE,  artist,  poet,  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.     She  is  the  author  of  two  col 
lections     of     poems 
entitled     Make    lay 
Way  and  Mine;   and 
In  the  Name  of   the 
King,   published  un 
der  the  pen  name  of 

^^  ^^^     George    Klingle.  She 

is   also  an   artist   of 
^j^^^  merit.     She  founded 

••••fe^  !  Arthurs  Home  for 
Destitute  Boys,  at 
Summit,  N.  J.,  in 
memory  of  a  son 
who  died  at  the  age 
of  nine  years  at  Summit,  N.  J. 

HOLMES,  ISAAC  EDWARD,  planter, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  horn  April  6, 
1796,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  in  1826;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1839  to  1851.  He  died  Feb. 
24,  1867,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

HOLMES,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  author, 
was  born  in  March,  1773,  in  Kingston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature  in  1802,  1803,  and 
1812;  was  a  boundary  commissioner  under 
the  treaty  of  1815;  and  a  state  senator 
from  1813  to  1815.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1817  to  1820;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Maine  from  1820  to  1827,  and 
from  1829  to  1833.  During  a  part  of  1829, 
and  from  1835  to  1838,  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  legislature.  He  was  United 
States  district  attorney,  and  district  judge 
for  Maine  from  1841  until  his  death.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Statesman,  or 
Principles  of  Legislation.  He  died  July 
7,  1843,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

HOLMES,  JOHN  McCLELLAN,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1834, 
in  Livingston,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  several 
years  a  member  of  the  educational  and 
missionary  boards  of  the  reformed 
church,  president  of  the  general  synod  in 
1876,  a  delegate  to  the  pan-presbyterian 
council  at  Edinburgh  in  1877,  and  modera 
tor  of  the  presbyterian  synod  of  New 
York  in  1884.  He  was  also  for  some  time 
an  associate  editor  of  the  Christian  Intel 
ligencer. 

HOLMES,  MARY  ARNOLD,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  June  15,  1842,  in  El 
lington,  N.  Y.  She  has  been  a  member 
of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Wom 
an's  Christian  Temperance  union  of  Iowa 
since  1882;  and  since  1889  has  been  a 
trustee  of  Benedict  home  of  Des  Moines, 
Iowa.  She  is  the  president  of  the  Mar- 
shalltown  Associated  Charitable  society. 


492 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HOLMES,  MARY  EMMA,  educator,  re 
former,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1839,  in  Peoria 
county,  111.  After  receiving  her  educa 
tion  at  the  Peoria 
high  school,  she  en 
gaged  in  educational 
work.  She  has  at 
tained  success  as  a 
reformer,  suffragist 
and  religious  teach 
er.  She  is  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Equal 
Suffrage  association 
of  Illinois;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Chicago 
Woman's  club;  a 
member  of  the 
Young  Woman's  Christian  association  of 
Chicago;  and  chairman  of  its  travelers' 
aid  department,  which  has  for  its  object 
the  protection  of  ignorant  girls  at  our 
depots. 

HOLMES,  MRS.  MARY  JANE,  author, 
was  born  in  Brookfleld,  Mass.  After  re 
ceiving  her  education  she  taught  school 
for  awhile;  then  en 
tered  the  field  of  lit 
erature.  She  has 
traveled  in  almost 
every  country  of  the 
world;  and  has  writ 
ten  extensively  for 
magazines  and 
newspapers  on  her 
travels  and  histori 
cal  topics.  She  is 
the  author  of:  Lena 

Rivers;          Tempest 

and  Sunshine;  Ma 
rian  Grey;  Gretchen;  and  various  other 
popular  works  of  fiction.  Over  two  mil 
lion  copies  of  her  works  have  been  sold. 
HOLMES.  MORRISON  A.,  soldier,  ed 
ucator,  college  president,  was  born  Feb. 
6,  1835,  in  Augusta,  N.  Y.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools.  Au 
gusta  academy,  and  at  the  Whitestown 
seminary.  He  entered  educational  work 
as  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools  of  Au 
gustus,  N.  Y.;  and  continued  in  the  same 
profession  in  1859,  at  Stockbridge,  Mass. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a  union 
soldier  in  the  thirty-seventh  regiment 
Massachusetts  volunteer  infantry.  He 
then  engaged  in  business  for  a  few  years, 
but  subsequently  resumed  teaching.  Since 
1886  he  has  been  president  of  the  Avery 
Normal  institute  of  Charleston,  S.  C. 

HOLMES,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  author,  was  born  July  2.  1814,  in  Pe- 
terboro,  N.  H.  He  was  a  jurist  of  St. 
Louis  in  earlier  life,  but  from  1868-72 
Royall  professor  of  law  in  Harvard  uni 
versity,  and  for  many  years  a  resident  of 
Cambridge.  He  is  an  ardent  advocate  of 
the  Baconian  theory  of  the  authorship  of 
Shakespeare's  plays.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Authorship  of  Shakespeare;  and 
Realistic  Idealism  in  Philosophy  Itself. 

HOLMES,  OLIVER  WENDELL,  equal 
ly  noted  as  a  poet,  novelist,  essayist,  and 
physician,  is  one  of  the  most  witty,  origi 
nal  and  brilliant 
writers  of  the  nine 
teenth  century;  born 
in  Cambridge,  Mass.. 
Aug.  29,  1809,  was 
educated  partly  at 
Phillips  academy, 
graduating  at  Har 
vard  when  twenty 
years  of  age.  Young 
Oliver  then  spent  a 
year  in  studying  law. 
but  very  soon  aban 
doned  the  law  in  or 
der  to  enter  upon  tne  study  of  medi 
cine,  which  course  he  pursued  in 
Europe,  chiefly  in  Paris.  In  1838  Mr. 


Holmes  became  professor  of  anatomy 
and  physiology  in  Dartmouth  college, 
which  position  he  held  until  the 
time  of  his  marriage,  in  1840,  when  he 
removed  to  Boston,  and  there  won  much 
success  as  a  practicing  physician  and  as 
a  literary  writer.  In  1847  he  was  appoint 
ed  to  the  chair  of  anatomy  and  physiolo 
gy  in  Harvard — the  seat  of  the  medical 
department  of  this  university  being  in 
Boston — a  post  which  he  filled  with  hon 
or  until  1882.  Dr.  Holmes  was  one  of  the 
.founders  of  the  Atlantic  Monthly  Maga 
zine,  to  which  he  contributed  from  time 
to  time;  and  in  the  pages  of  this  periodi 
cal  first  appeared  The  Autocrat  of  the 
Breakfast  Table.  His  works  are:  The 
Autocrat  of  the  Breakfast  Table:  The 
Professor  at  the  Breakfast  Table;  The 
Poet  at  the  Breakfast  Table;  Mechanism 
in  Thought  and  Morals;  Memoir  of  Mot 
ley;  Over  the  Teacups;  Our  Hundred 
Days  in  Europe;  Life  of  Emerson;  Medi 
cal  Essays;  Elsie  Venner;  The  Guardian 
Angel;  A  Mortal  Antipathy;  Currents  and 
Counter  Currents;  Pages  from  an  Old 
Volume  of  Life,  comprise  his  prose  works. 
In  verse  his  publications  include,  Urania; 
Astrsea;  Songs  in  Many  Keys;  Songs  of 
Many  Seasons:  The  Iron  Gate;  The 
School-Boy;  and  Before  the  Curfew.  He 
died  in  1894. 

HOLMES,  SIDNEY  T.,  civil  engineer, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
in  August,  1815,  in  Schaghticoke,  N.  Y. 
He  was  twice  appointed  loan  commission 
er  for  Madison  county,  in  1848  and  1850; 
and  in  1851  was  elected  judge  and  surro 
gate  for  the  same  county,  and  re-elected 
in  1855  and  1859,  serving  until  1864.  In 
1864  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

HOLMES.  THEOPHILUS  HUNTER, 
soldier,  was  born  in  1804,  in  Sampson 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  commissioned  ma 
jor  in  1855,  and  was  made  a  brigadier- 
general  in  the  service  of  the  state.  He 
died  June  21,  1880,  in  Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

HOLMES,  URIEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1817  to  1818,  when  he 
resigned.  He  died  in  1827. 

HOLMES,  WILLIAM,  lumberman, 
financier,  was  born  April  16,  1830,  in  New 
Brunswick.  Canada.  In  1854  he  moved  to 
Green  Bay,  Wis., 
thence  to  Escariaba, 
Mich.;  and  in  1858  to 
Menominee,  Mich. 
For  forty  years  he 
has  been  actively 
engaged  in  the  lum 
ber  business;  is  part 
owner  of  a  paper 
mil],  and  a  stock 
holder  in  the  Lum 
berman's  National 

bank.    He  has  taken 

an     active     part    in 

the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city, 
and  has  filled  numerous  offices  of  trust. 

HOLMES,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  soldier, 
clergyman,  theologian,  was  born  in  1834, 
in  Vermont.  He  served  during  the  civil 
war  in  the  Vermont 
brigade  with  the 
army  of  the  Potom 
ac.  In  1875  he  en 
tered  the  methodist 
ministry  and  became 
a  clergyman  in  the 
Hock  River  confer 
ence.  He  has  filled 
important  pastorates 
In  Chicago  and  vi 
cinity;  and  is  promi 
nent  in  the  religious 
affairs  of  his  confer 
ence  and  in  philanthropic  movements. 


HOLMES,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  geolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1846,  in 
Harrison  county,  Ohio.  In  1872  he  was 
appointed  assistant  on  the  United  States 
geological  survey,  and  spent  eight  years 
in  field  work  and  explorations  in  the 
Rocky  mountain  region.  In  1881,  when 
the  survey  was  established  on  its  present 
basis,  he  was  made  geologist  in  charge  of 
the  division  of  illustrations.  He  has  ed 
ited  Hayden's  Atlas  of  Colorado,  that  of 
the  Yellowstone  country,  the  eleventh  and 
twelfth  annual  reports  of  the  geological 
survey,  and  other  geological  publications. 

HOLMES.  ZACHARIAH,  architect, 
builder,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  23, 
1853,  in  Sweden.  In  1871  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Rapid  City,  S.  D.,  where  he 
has  lived  since  1877.  He  was  the  found 
er  of  the  Swedish  settlement  around 
Black  Hawk,  S.  D. ;  and  is  a  successful  ar 
chitect  and  builder.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1893; 
and  again  in  1897. 

HOLSEY,'  HOPKINS,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1799,  in  Virginia. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Georgia,  from  1837  to  1839.  He  subse 
quently  edited  the  Athens  Banner,  and 
filled  a  large  space  in  the  politics  of 
Georgia.  He  died  March  31,  1859,  in  Co 
lumbus,  Ga. 

HOLST,  HERMANN  EDUARD  VON, 
educator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  in 
1841.  He  is  an  historian  who  first  came 
to  America  in  1866  and  engaged  in  lectur 
ing  and  writing,  but  returned  to  Europe 
in  1872  and  was  successively  professor  of 
history  in  the  university  of  Strassburg, 
in  1872-74,  and  at  Freiburg,  in  1874-92.  In 
1892  he  became  professor  of  history  at  the 
university  of  Chicago.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Constitutional  and  Political  His 
tory  of  the  United  States;  Life  of  Cal- 
houn;  Life  of  John  Brown;  and  Consti 
tutional  Law  of  the  United  States. 

HOLSTON,  GEORGE,  artist,  was  born 
March  10,  1835,'  in  London,  England.  In 
1867  he  emigrated  to  New  York  city,  and 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  portrait 
painter  and  successful  art  teacher.  He 
has  exhibited  occasionally  in  the  Ameri 
can  Water-Color  society,  and  other  insti 
tutions  of  art. 

HOLT,  HOMER  A.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  April  27,  1831,  in  Par- 
kersburg,  W.  Va.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Rector  college,  and  at  the 
university  of  Virginia.  In  1872  he  was  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention 
of  West  Virginia.  In  1871  he  became  cir 
cuit  judge  of  the  Greenbrier  circuit,  which 
position  he  filled  with  distinction  for  six 
teen  years.  In  1890  ue  became  president 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  appeals  of 
West  Virginia,  his  term  ending  on  Jan. 
1,  1897. 

HOLT.  JOHN,  journalist,  was  born  in 
1721,  in  Williamsburg,  Va.  He  established 
The  Gazette  and  Post  Boy.  In  1766  he 
founded  the  New  York  Journal,  contain 
ing  the  freshest  advices,  foreign  and  do 
mestic.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1784  in  New 
York  city. 

HOLT,  JOHN  SAUNDERS,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  5.  1826,  in  Mobile, 
Ala.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  Orleans, 
and  the  author  of  Life  of  Abraham  Page, 
a  Novel;  What  I  Know  About  Ben  Ec- 
cles;  and  The  Quines.  He  died  Feb.  27, 
1886.  in  Natchez,  Miss. 

HOLT,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Jan.  6,  1807,  in  Breckenridge  coun 
ty,  Ky.  For  two  years  he  was  attor 
ney  for  the  commonwealth  at  Louis 
ville.  In  1859  he  went  into  the  cabi 
net  as  postmaster-general. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


493 


HOLT,  ORRIN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  in  1836  to 
fill  an  unexpired  term,  and  again  from 
1837  to  1839. 

HOLT,  SAMUEL  HUESTON,  farmer, 
legislator,  was  born  April  12,  1840,  in 
Knox  county,  Tenn.  He  received  his  ed 
ucation  in  the  Ewing  and  Jefferson  col 
lege,  Tennessee,  and  at  the  Farmersburg 
academy,  Indiana.  He  has  filled  various 
positions  of  honor  in  the  state  of  Illinois; 
and  is  now  a  member  of  the  Oregon  state 
senate;  and  a  member  of  the  state  board 
of  agriculture  of  Oregon  for  the  past  ten 
years. 

HOLT,  THOMAS  MICHAEL,  manufac 
turer,  legislator,  governor,  was  born  July 
15,  1831,  in  Alamance  county,  N.  C.  In 
1876  he  was  elected  state  senator;  in  1883 
and  1885  represented  his  county  in  the 
North  Carolina  legislature,  and  from  1891 
to  1893  was  governor  of  North  Carolina. 

HOLT,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  29,  1842,  in  Bath  county, 
Ky.  He  has  been  judge  of  court  of  ap 
peals  of  Kentucky,  and  chief-justice  of 
that  state. 

HOLTEN,  SAMUEL,  physician,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  June  9,  1738,  in 
Danvers,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
old  congress  from  1778  to  1787,  officiating 
at  one  time  as  its  president.  He  also 
signed  the  articles  of  confederation.  He 
was  a  representative  under  the  constitu 
tion  from  1793  to  1795,  and  spent  the 
closing  years  of  his  life  as  judge  of  pro 
bate  for  Essex  county.  He  died  Jan.  2, 
1816,  in  Danvers,  Mass. 

HOLTON,  HART  B.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  resident  of  Maryland,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress.  In  1883  he 
was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  gov 
ernor  of  Maryland. 

HOLTON,  HENRY  DWIGHT,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  in  1838,  in  Rock- 
ingham,  Vt.  He  was  educated  at  the  Sax- 
ton's  River  seminary, 
Vermont,  and  in  1860 
received  his  degree 
of  M.  D.  from  the 
university  of  New 
York.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as  a 
physician  and  sur 
geon  in  Brattleboro, 
Vt.,  where  he  is  a 
member  of  the  state 
board  of  health.  He 
served  as  commis 
sioner  from  Vermont 
to  the  Mexican  national  exposition  of  in 
dustries  and  fine  arts;  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advance 
ment  of  Science;  was  a  delegate  to  the  re 
publican  national  convention  in  1896,  and 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

HOLTZ,  EARL  DOUGLASS,  soldier,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1844, 
in  Morristown,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from 
the  Mount  Union  college,  and  has  received 
the  degrees  of  A.  M.  and  D.  D.  During 
the  civil  war  he  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 
departmental  corps  of  the  government  for 
nearly  two  years.  He  has  taught  Latin 
and  Greek  and  the  English  Bible  in  Mount 
Union  college;  was  presiding  elder  of  the 
Canton  district  for  six  years;  and  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  the  methodist  episcopal 
church  at  Alliance,  Ohio.  In  1887  he  made 
an  extended  tour  of  Europe,  Egypt  and 
Palestine,  and  has  attained  success  as  an 
eminent  clergyman  and  brilliant  lecturer. 

HOLYOKE,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  poet,  was  born  June  25, 


1689,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1737  he  be 
came  president  of  the  Hanover  univer 
sity.  He  was  a  successful  clergyman;  dis 
tinguished  as  a  mathematician  and  classi 
cal  scholar,  and  the  author  of  a  number  of 
meritorious  poems.  He  died  June  1,  1769. 

HOLYOKE,  EDWARD  AUGUSTUS, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1728, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  founder  of  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  society,  and  its 
first  president.  On  his  hundredth  birth 
day,  fifty  of  his  medical  brethren  of  Bos 
ton  and  Salem  gave  him  a  public  dinner. 
He  died  March  31,  1829,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

HOLYOKE,  SAMUEL,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1762,  in  Boxford. 
Mass.  He  was  a  successful  musician,  and 
published  Columbian  Repository  of  Sa 
cred  Harmony;  Occasional  Music,  and 
other  works.  He  died  Feb.  7,  1820,  in 
Concord,  N.  H. 

HOMANS,  CHARLES  DUDLEY,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1826,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  settled  in  Boston,  and  was  sur 
geon  of  the  Boston  city  hospital  from  its 
foundation.  He  was  president  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  Medical  society  in  1884-86,  of 
the  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  infirmary, 
and  of  the  Boston  Humane  society.  He 
died  Sept.  2,  1886,  in  Mount  Desert,  Maine. 

HOMER,  WILLIAM  BRADFORD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1817,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  1840  he  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  congregational  church  fh 
South  Berwick,  Maine,  continuing  in  this 
charge  until  his  death.  His  Writings, 
with  an  introductory  essay  and  memoir, 
were  edited  by  Prof.  Edwards  A.  Park. 
He  died  March  22,  1841,  in  South  Berwick, 
Maine. 

HOMER,  WINSLOW,  artist,  was  born 
Feb.  24,  1836,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1863 
he  exhibited  for  the  first  time,  at  the 
Academy,  two  pictures  on  war  subjects — 
Home,  Sweet  Home,  and  The  Last  Goose 
at  Yuletown.  In  1865  he  exhibited  Prison 
ers  at  the  Front. 

HOMES,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  10,  1812,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  who  was  a  missionary  at  Con 
stantinople  in  1836-50,  and  subsequently 
in  the  diplomatic  service  there.  From 
1854  he  was  employed  as  librarian  in  the 
State  library  at  Albany.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Need  of  Yezedees  of  Mesopo 
tamia;  Design  and  Import  of  Medals;  Our 
Knowledge  of  California;  The  Palatine 
Emigration  to  England  in  1709;  and  The 
Water  Supply  of  Constantinople.  He  died 
Nov.  3,  1887,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

HOMES,  MRS.  MARY  SOPHIE  (SHAW) 
(ROGERS),  author,  poet,  was  born  about 
1830  in  Frederick,  Md.  She  is  a  writer  of 
New  Orleans,  and  the  author  of  Carrie 
Harrington,  or  Scenes  in  New  Orleans; 
Progression,  or  the  South  Defended,  a 
volume  of  verse;  and  A  Wreath  of 
Rhymes. 

HOMES,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1663  in  the  north  of  Ireland. 
He  published  sermons  on  The  Sabbath, 
on  Public  Reading  of  the  Scripture, 
Church  Government,  Secret  Prayer,  and 
Government  of  Christian  Families.  He 
died  June  20,  1746,  in  Chilmark,  Mass. 

HONEYMAN,  WILLIAM,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  in  1842  in  Scotland.  Since 
1891  he  has  been  president  of  the  Rogue 
River  Valley  railway. 

HONEYMOON,  A.  VAN  DOREN,  law 
yer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
12,  1849,  in  Germantown,  N.  J.  For  six 
years  he  practiced  law  in  Somerville,  N. 
J.,  and  subsequently  has  been  journalist; 
and  is  the  author  of  several  law  publica 
tions  and  works  of  travel. 


HONEYWOOD,  SAINT  JOHN,  lawyer, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1763,  in 
Leicester,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Salem,  N.  Y.,  whose  political  Poems  were 
published  in  1801.  He  died  Sept.  1,  1798, 
in  Salem,  N.  Y. 

HOOBLER,  SAMUEL  R.,  farmer,  edu 
cator,  state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  24, 
1844,  in  Middleton,  Ohio.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  farmer  and  educator  of  Saganing, 
Mich.,  and  in  1887  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan  house 
of  representatives. 

HOOD,  CHARLES  IRA,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Dec.  11,  1845,  in  Lowell,  Mass. 
He  opened  a  retail  drug  store  in  Lowell, 
Mass.,  and  in  1875  began  the  preparation 
of  Hood's  sarsaparilla  and  other  ready- 
made  medicines.  The  result  has  been  that 
the  business  has  continually  increased, 
until,  to-day,  Hood's  sarsaparilla  labora 
tory,  built  in  1883,  is  one  of  the  largest  in 
the  world. 

HOOD,  GEORGE,  musician,  author, 
was  born  about  1815.  He  was  a  Philadel- 
phian  who  was  manager  of  the  Academy_ 
of  Music  in  his  city,  and  author  of  a  His 
tory  of  Music  in  New  England  (1846).  He 
died  May  18,  1869,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HOOD,  JAMES  WALKER,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  30,  1831,  in  Kennett 
Township,  Pa.  He  was  consecrated  bish 
op  of  the  African  methodist  episcopal 
church  in  1872. 

HOOD,  JOHN  BELL,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  June  1,  1831,  in  Owenville,  Ky. 
He  was  a  noted  general  in  the  confederate 
army,  and  the  author  of  Advance  and  Re 
treat;  and  Personal  Experience  in  the 
United  states  and  Confederate  Armies,  a 
careful  defence  of  his  military  movements. 
He  died  Aug.  30,  1879,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

HOOD,  JOHN  MIFFLIN,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  April  5,  1843,  in  Sykesville, 
Md.  Since  1874  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Western  Maryland  railroad. 

HOOD,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  about  1800  in  Ireland.  He  was  a 
Philadelphia  lawyer,  and  the  author  of  A 
Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Dece 
dents  in  Pennsylvania.  He  died  about 
1875,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HOOK,  ENOS,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1839  to 
1841. 

HOOKE,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1601  in  England.  He  was  a 
puritan  clergyman  who  was  a  cousin  of 
Oliver  Cromwell.  He  came  to  America 
about  1636;  was  for  some  seven  years 
minister  at  Taunton,  and  for  twelve  years 
following  pastor  at  New  Haven.  Return 
ing  to  England  in  1656,  he  became  chap 
lain  to  Cromwell.  He  was  the  author  of 
New  England's  Teares  for  Old  England's 
Feares.  He  died  March  21,  1678,  in  Lon 
don,  England. 

HOOKER,  CHARLES,  physician,  edu 
cator,  was  born  March  12,  1779,  in  Berlin, 
Conn.  In  1838  he  was  appointed  professor 
of  anatomy  and  physiology  in  Yale,  and 
he  held  this  chair  until  his  death.  He 
died  March  19,  1863,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

HOOKER,  CHARLES  E.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born,  in  1825  in 
Union  District,  S.  C.  He  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  in  1850.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  state  leg 
islature.  He  resigned  to  enter  the  con 
federate  army  in  1861,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  colonel.  In  1865  he  was  elected 
attorney-general  of  Mississippi,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1868.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Mississippi  to  the  forty- 
fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-sev 
enth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 


494 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPKDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HOOKER,  EDWARD,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Dec.  25,  1822,  in  Farmington,  Conn. 
He  was  bred  to  the  sea  in  the  merchant 
marine,  commanding 
a  ship  when  twenty- 
three  years  of  age. 
He  was  one  of  the 
earliest  volunteers 
for  the  naval  service 
in  the  civil  war,  and 
was  appointed  act 
ing  master  in  July, 
1861.  His  first  serv 
ice  was  in  the  gun 
boat  Louisiana.  He 
subsequently  c  o  m  - 
manded  the  blockade 
off  Wilmington,  and  later  was  in  com 
mand  of  a  division  of  the  Potomac  flo 
tilla,  in  which  command  he  continued 
until  the  end  of  the  war.  After  the  war 
closed  he  was  at  the  New  York  navy  yard; 
then  took  the  storeship  Idaho  to  the 
Asiatic  squadron,  and  while  there  was 
transferred  from  the  volunteer  to  the  reg 
ular  navy  list.  He  became  lieutenant, 
lieutenant-commander,  and  in  1884  was 
promoted  to  commander;  and  the  same 
year  was  placed  upon  the  retired  list  by 
operation  of  law. 

HOOKER,  EDWARD  WILLIAM,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1794,  in 
Goshen,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Vermont  and  the  author  of 
Music;  and  Life  of  Thomas  Hooker.  He 
<lied  March  31,  1875,  in  Fort  Atkinson, 
Wls. 

HOOKER,  ELLEN  KELLEY,  educator, 
was  born  May  23,  1833,  in  Shoreham,  Vt. 
After  receiving  her  education,  she  entered 

educational       work; 

was  governess  in 
1846;  a  teacher  in 
the  public  schools  in 
1847-48;  subsequent 
ly  continuing  her  ed 
ucation  in  Troy  Con 
ference  academy  at 
Poultney,  until  she 
graduated  in  1851. 
She  then  taught  in 
private  schools  and 
academies  in  New 
York  state  and  Wis 
consin.  For  ten  years  she  filled  the  chair 
of  English  in  the  Le  Roy  Collegiate  insti 
tute,  New  York,  and  during  1879-84  was 
principal  of  the  Ingham  university  of  Le 
Roy.  In  1884  she  opened  Park  Place 
school  for  ladies  at  Batavia,  and  since 
1888  has  been  principal  of  the  Sage  col 
lege  of  Cornell  university. 

HOOKER,  FRANK  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  16,  1844,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
In  1878  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
fifth  judicial  circuit  of  Michigan;  became 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  and 
in  1893  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  ten 
years. 

HOOKER,  HERMAN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1804  in  Poultney,  Vt. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  who  re 
tired  from  the  ministry  and  became  a 
bookseller  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  the 
author  of  Family  Book  of  Devotion;  The 
Uses  of  Adversity;  Thoughts  and  Maxims; 
The  Portion  of  the  Soul;  Popular  In 
fidelity;  and  The  Christian  Life  a  Life  of 
Faith.  He  died  July  25,  1865,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

HOOKER,  HORACE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1793  in  Berlin,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Hartford,  and  the  author  of  Youth's  Book 
of  Natural  Theology;  and  Bible  History. 
He  died  Dec.  17,  1864,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

HOOKER.  MRS.  ISABELLA  (BEECH- 
ER),  philanthropist,  author,  was  born 


Feb.  22,  1822,  in  Litchfieid,  Conn.  She  is 
a  philanthropist  of  Hartford,  prominent 
as  an  advocate  of  spiritualism  and  woman 
suffrage,  and  the  author  of  Womanhood: 
Its  Sanctities  and  Fidelities. 

HOOKER,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  was  born 
Nov.  13,  1814,  in  Hartley,  Mass.  He  suc 
ceeded  Burnside  as  a  union  general  in 
the  army  of  the 
Potomac,  in  1863, 
and  for  his  bravery 
was  called  Fighting 
Joe  Hooker,  an  epi 
thet  he  was  never 
well  pleased  with. 
He  was  retired  from 
active  service  by  his 
own  request  in  1868, 
retaining  the  full 
rank  of  major-gene 
ral.  He  died  Oct.  31, 
1879,  in  Garden  City, 
N.  Y. ;  and  his  death  was  sincerely 
mourned. 

HOOKER,  NOADIAH,  farmer,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  1736.  He 
was  distinguished  in  the  course  of  his 
long  life  as  an  officer  in  the  revolutionary 
war;  as  a  member  of  the  legislature,  and 
as  a  magistrate.  He  died  June  3,  1823,  in 
Farmington,  Conn. 

HOOKER,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1632.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Farmington,  Conn.,  in  1661. 
He  was  a  fellow  of  Harvard,  and  in  1662 
was  one  of  a  committee  of  four  to  treat 
with  New  Haven  in  reference  to  a  union 
with  Connecticut.  He  died  Nov.  6,  1697. 

HOOKER.  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1586  in  England.  He 
was  a  puritan  clergyman  who  came  to 
America  in  1633,  and  was  for  three  years 
minister  at  Cambridge,  then  called  New- 
towne.  In  1636  he  led  a  large  portion  of 
his  flock  to  the  Connecticut  valley,  where 
they  founded  the  town  of  Hartford.  A 
theologian  of  great  influence  in  his  cen 
tury,  he  was  the  author  of  Survey  of 
the  Summe  of  Church  Discipline  (with 
John  Cotton) ;  Application  of  Redemption; 
and  The  Poore  Doubting  Christian  drawne 
to  Christ.  He  died  July  7,  1647,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

HOOKER,  WARREN  BREWSTER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
24,  1856,  in  Perrysburg,  N.  Y.  He  has 
always  lived  in  New 
York  state  except 
two  years  spent  in 
Tacoma.Wash.,  prac 
ticing  law,  and  has 
been  special  surro 
gate  of  Chautauqua 
county.  He  has  been 
supervisor  of  Fredo- 
nia  two  terms,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fif 
ty-second,  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican.  He  has  also  attained  prominence 
as  a  lawyer  in  Fredonia,  N.  Y. 

HOOKER,  WORTHINGTON,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  March  3, 
1803,  in  Springfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  phy 
sician  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  who  was  profes 
sor  of  medicine  at  Yale  university  in 
1852-67,  and  the  author  of  Physician  and 
Patient;  An  Examination  of  Homeopathy; 
Human  Physiology  for  Schools;  Rational 
Therapeutics;  Child's  book  of  Nature; 
Child's  Book  of  Common  Things;  Lessons 
from  the  History  of  Medical  Delusions; 
Science  for  the  School  and  Family;  and 
The  Medical  Profession  and  the  Commun 
ity.  He  died  Nov.  6,  1867,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn. 


HOOKS,  CHARLES,  state  representa 
tive,  congressman,  was  born  in  Bertie 
county,  N.  C.  He  served  for  many  years 
in  the  North  Carolina  legislature;  was  a 
representative  in  congress  during  the 
years  1816  and  1817,  and  from  1819  to 
1825.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Ala 
bama,  where  he  died  in  1851. 

HOOPER,  BENJAMIN  S.,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
March  6,  1835,  in  Buckingham  county,  Va. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Virginia  to  the  forty-eighth  congress. 

HOOPER,  EDWARD,  engraver,  was 
born  May  24,  1829,  in  England.  From 
1850  till  his  death  he  was  a  member  of 
the  wood-engraving  firm  of  Bobbett  and 
Hooper,  and  produced  several  water-col 
ors  that  were  remarkable  for  their  ac 
curacy  of  drawing  and  harmony  of  color. 
He  died  Dec.  13,  1870,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HOOPER,  EDWARD  JAMES,  agricul 
turist,  author,  was  born  in  1803  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  once  prominent  agricul 
turist  in  the  west  who  published  a  Dic 
tionary  of  Agriculture. 

HOOPER,  JOHN,  botanist,  was  born  in 
1802  in  England.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1839,  and  devoted  himself  to 
natural  science.  He  made  many  research 
es  in  the  study  of  marine  algae,  of  which 
he  accumulated  a  valuable  collection. 
This  he  bequeathed  to  the  Long  Island 
Historical  society,  of  which  he  was  a 
charter  member.  He  died  April  26,  1869, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HOOPER.  JOHNSON,  lawyer,  was  born 
about  1815  in  North  Carolina.  He  was'a 
lawyer  of  Alabama,  and  the  author  of 
Adventures  of  Captain  Simon  Suggs;  and 
Widow  Rugby's  Husband,  and  Other  Ala 
bama  Tales.  He  died  in  1863  in  Alabama. 

HOOPER,  LUCY,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Feb.  4,  1816,  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  She 
was  a  poet  of  much  promise  whose  home 
was  in  Brooklyn,  and  the  author  of 
Scenes  from  Real  Life,  a  collection  of 
prose  sketches,  which  appeared  during 
her  lifetime,  and  her  complete  poems  in 
1848. 

HOOPER,  MRS.  LUCY  HAMILTON 
(JONES),  author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  20, 
1835,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  was  a  Phil 
adelphia  author  who  lived  in  Europe  a'fter 
1870,  and  was  Paris  correspondent  for 
several  American  papers,  and  the  author 
of  Poems,  with  translations  from  the  Ger 
man;  Under  the  Tri-Color,  a  novel;  and 
The  Tsar's  Window,  a  novel. 

HOOPER,  ROBERT  LETTICE,  jurist. 
He  was  chief  justice  of  New  Jersey  from 
1724  till  1728,  and  again  from  1729  till  his 
death  in  1739.  He  resided  in  Perth  Am- 
boy  and  was  a  warden  in  St.  Peter's 
church. 

HOOPER,  SAMUEL,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  3, 
1808,  in  Marblehead,  Mass.  In  1851  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  house  of  representa 
tives,  served  three  years,  and  declined  a 
re-election.  In  1857  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate,  and  declined  to  serve  a  sec 
ond  term.  In  1861  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Massachusetts  to  fill  a 
vacancy  in  the  thirty-seventh  congress, 
and  in  1862  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth,  fortieth,  forty-first,  forty- 
second  and  forty-third  congresses.  He 
died  Feb.  13,  1875,  in  Washington. 

HOOPER,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1702  in  Scotland.  In 
1747  he  was  appointed  rector  of  Trinity 
church  of  Boston,  which  post  he  occupied 
till  his  death.  He  published  several  ser 
mons,  including  one  with  the  title  The 
Apostles  neither  Impostors  nor  Enthusi 
asts.  He  died  April  14,  1767,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 


HOOPER,  WILLIAM,  signer  of  declara 
tion  of  independence,  was  born  June  17 
1742,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1773  he  was 
-elected  to  the  Massachusetts  state  assem 
bly;  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental 
congress  from  1774  to  1777,  and  signed 
the  declaration  of  independence  He  died 
in  October,  1790,  in  Hillsborough,  N.  C. 

HOOPER,  WILLIAM  H.,  merchant 
congressman,  was  born  Dec  25  1813  in 
Cambridge,  Md.  In  1850  he  removed  to 
Utah;  was  a  member  of  the  legislature 
and  acting  secretary  of  the  territory  In 
1859  he  entered  the  thirty-sixth  congress 
as  a  delegate  from  the  territory  of  Utah 
and  was  re-elected  a  delegate  to  the  thir 
ty-ninth,  fortieth,  forty-first  and  forty- 
second  congresses. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


495 


HOOPES,  EDGAR  M.,  journalist,  was 
born  in  Minerva,  Ohio.  Early  in  life  he 
entered  journalism,  and  was  connected 
as  correspondent  with  the  Cleveland  Lead 
er,  the  Canton  Repository,  the  Alliance 
Review,  and  the  Chicago  Times.  He  was 
called  to  the  position  of  advertising  man 
ager  of  the  AVilmington  News,  acquired  a 
part  ownership,  and  was  soon  made  busi 
ness  manager,  a  position  which  he  still 
holds.  He  devotes  his  whole  time  to  the 
direction  of  affairs  of  his  paper,  and  has 
made  it  the  leading  advertising  medium 
in  the  state  of  Delaware. 

HOOPES,  JOSIAH,  botanist,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  9,  1832,  in  West  Chester,  Pa. 
In  1853  he  established  a  nursery  at  West 
Chester,  which  is  now  one  of  the  most  ex 
tensive  in  the  country.  He  has  published 
Book  of  Evergreens,  a  treatise  on  the 
•cone-bearing  plants  of  the  world,  which  is 
a  standard  authority. 

HOOVIS,  JAMES  ALEXANDER,  public 
•official,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1863,  in  Washing 
ton  county,  Tenn.  He  graduated  from 
the  Vanderbilt  university,  and  received 
the  degrees  of  B.  A.  and  B.  L.  During 
1877-80  he  was  page  in  the  Tennessee  sen 
ate;  was  sergeant-at-arms  in  1880-81;  as 
sistant  clerk  of  the  senate  during  1881-87; 
chief  clerk  of  the  senate  during  1887-93, 
and  since  1893  has  been  comptroller  of  the 
state  of  Tennessee. 

HOPE,  JAMES,  artist,  was  born  Nov 
29,  1818,  in  Scotland.  In  1853  he  opened 
a  studio  in  New  York,  was  elected  asso 
ciate  academician  in  1865,  and  since  1872 
has  resided  at  Watkin's  Glen,  N.  Y.  His 
pictures  include  The  Army  of  the  Poto 
mac;  Rainbow  Falls;  The  Gem  of  the  For 
est;  and  The  Forest  Glen. 

HOPE,  JAMES  BARRON,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  March  23 
827,  in   Norfolk,   Va.     He  was  a  lawyer 
and  journalist  of  Norfolk,  and  the  author 
of  Leoni  di  Monti,  arid  Other  Poems;  An 
Elegiac  Ode;    Under  the  Empire,   or  the 
Story  of  Madelon;  and  Arms  and  the  Man 
and  Other  Poems.    He  died  Sept.  15,  1887 
in  Norfolk,  Va. 

HOPKINS,  ALBERT,  educator  astron 
omer,  was  born  July  14,  1807,  in  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.  In  1835  he  began  on  his 
own  responsibility  the  building  of  an  as 
tronomical  observatory  in  Williamstown 
the  first  that  was  ever  established  in  con 
nection  with  an  American  college  He 
1  May  24,  1872,  in  Williamstown,  Mass. 

HOPKINS,  ALBERT  C.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1837,  in 
Villenova,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses  as  a  republican. 

HOPKINS,  ALBERT  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1846,  in  De 
Kalb  county,  111.  He  was  state's  attorney 
•or  Kane  county,  111.,  from  1872  to  1876 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1884.  He 
was  ejected  a  representative  from  Illinois 


to  the  forty-ninth  congress  to  fill  a  vacan 
cy,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty- 

•st    fifty-second,   fifty-third,   fifty-fourth 
uty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican 

HOPKINS,  ALPHONSO  ALVAH  edu 
cator,  journalist,  lecturer,  author  poet 
was  born  in  1843  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
journalist,  educator,  and  lecturer,  and  the 
author  of  His  Prison  Bars,  a  Temper 
ance  Tale;  Newspaper  Poets;  Our  Sab 
bath  Evenings;  Sinner  and  Saint,  a 
Novel;  Life  of  General  Clinton  Fisk- 
Asleep  in  the  Sanctum,  and  Other  Poems : 
Waifs  and  Their  Authors;  Wealth  and 
waste;  and  Geraldine,  a  novel  in  verse  on 
the  model  of  Lucile. 

HOPKINS,  ARTHUR  F.,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1796  in  Virginia.  He  moved  to 
Alabama  early  in  life,  and  became  a 
prominent  whig  politician,  practiced  law 
successively  in  Huntsville,  Tuscaloosa 
and  Mobile  for  many  years.  He  died  in 
February,  1866,  in  Mobile. 

HOPKINS,  BENJAMIN  F.,  business 
man,  congressman,  was  born  April  22, 
1829,  in  Washington  county,  N.  Y  He 
was  private  secretary  to  the  governor  of 
Wisconsin  for  one  term;  was  a  member 
of  both  branches  of  the  legislature,  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Wiscon 
sin  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first  con 
gresses.  He  died  Jan.  3,  1870,  in  Madi 
son,  Wis. 

HOPKINS,  CASPAR  THOMAS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  May  18  1826  in 
Allegheny  City,  Pa.  He  is  a  California 
journalist  who  established  the  first  in 
surance  company  on  the  Pacific  coast.  He 
published  a  Manual  of  American  Ideas. 

HOPKINS,  CHARLES  JEROME,  com 
poser,  was  born  April  4,  1836,  in  Burling 
ton,  Vt.  His  compositions  embrace  ope 
rettas,  juvenile  cantatas;  church  music 
and  secular  songs  and  pieces  for  the  piano' 
Among  his  works  are  First  Book  of 
Church  Music;  Class  Book  for  Notation 
Study;  and  Second  Book  of  Church  Music 

HOPKINS,  EDWARD  WASHBURN  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  in  1857  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  is  a  professor  of  Sanskrit 
in  Yale  university,  and  the  author  of  Mu 
tual  Relations  of  the  Four  Castes  in 
Manu;  Translation  of  Laws  of  Manu; 
Social  and  Military  Position  of  the  Rul 
ing  Caste  in  Ancient  India;  and  The  Re 
ligions  of  India. 

HOPKINS,  ELLEN  DUNLAP,  artist 
philanthropist,  was  born  Jan.  30  1858  in 
New  York  city.  In  1892  she  founded  the 
New  York  School  of  Applied  Design  for 
Women. 

HOPKINS,  ELVIRA  MAINS,  educator, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1835  in 
Athens,  Maine.  She  has  attained  success 
in  educational  works;  and  is  the  author 
of  Sunny  Side  Sketches. 

HOPKINS,  ERASTUS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  7,  1810,  in  Hadley 
Mass.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman' 
long  a  resident  of  Northampton,  Mass 
and  the  author  of  The  Family  a  Religious 
Institution.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1872  in 
Northampton,  Mass. 

HOPKINS,  FREDERICK  VINCENT, 
educator,  physician,  surgeon,  author  was 
born  May  23,  1839,  in  Burlington,  Vt. 
He  was  surgeon  and  professor  of  geology 
in  Louisiana  state  university;  in  charge  of 
the  geological  survey  of  that  state  from 
1868  till  1874,  surgeon  to  the  New  Alma- 
den  and  Sulphur  Bank  quicksilver  mine 
in  1876-82,  and  since  then  has  practiced 
medicine  in  San  Francisco.  He  has  orig 
inated  a  method  of  killing  the  bacilli  of 
tuberculosis  and  leprosy  by  'half-inch 
sparks  from  a  Ruhmkorff  coil.  He  has 
written  four  reports  on  the  Geology  of 
Louisiana. 


HOPKINS,   GEORGE   H.,   soldier    law 
yer,    legislator,    manufacturer,    was    born 
7,  1842,  in  White  Lake,   Mich.     He 
received    his    educa 
tion     in    the    public 
schools  of  his  native 
state;      graduated 
from    the    Michigan 
State  Normal    school 
in  1867;   and  in  1871 
from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  univer 
sity      of      Michigan 
During  the  civil  war 
he  served  as  a  union 
soldier  in  the  seven- 
t  e  e  n  t  h      regiment 
Michigan  volunteer  infantry;  and  in  1889- 
90    was    adjutant-general    of    the    Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic.     During  1879-84  he 
served  with   distinction   as  a  member  of 
the    Michigan    house   of    representatives- 
•was  speaker  pro  tern  in  1883-84,  and  chair 
man  of  the  judiciary  committee.    In  1888- 
0  he  was  chairman    of    the    republican 
state    central   committee,   and    in   1890-94 
was  collector  of  customs  for  the  port  of 
Detroit,    in   which    city    he   has   attained 
prominence  as  a  business  man  and  a  suc 
cessful  manufacturer. 

HOPKINS,  GEORGE  W.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,   congressman,   was   born'  Feb 
22,  1804,  in  Goochland  county,  Va.     Dur 
ing  1833-34  he  served  in  the  house  of  dele 
gates;  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress   in    1835,   and   was   re-elected   until 
847,  serving  during  one  session  as  speak 
er   of  the   house   of   representatives.     In 
9  he  went  a  second  time  into  the  house 
of  delegates  of  Virginia,  and  was  elected 
speaker    of   the    house.      He    was    subse 
quently    elected    a    judge    of    the    circuit 
court,  and  in  1857  was  elected  to  the  thir- 
fth  congress.     He  died  March  2,  1861. 
HOPKINS,  GEORGE  W.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1844,  in  West  Vir 
ginia.     Since  1882  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Bear  Lake  and  Eastern  railroad. 

HOPKINS,  ISAAC  STILES,  college 
president,  was  born  June  20,  1841,  in  Au 
gusta,  Ga.  In  1877  he  entered  the  faculty 
of  Emory  college  as  professor  of  Latin; 
in  1882  was  assigned  to  the  chair  of  Eng 
lish  and  in  1885  was  elected  president, 
anu  took  the  chair  of  mental  and  moral 
science.  He  was  appointed  president  of 
the  Georgia  School  of  Technology  when  it 
was  established  in  1889. 

HOPKINS,  JAMES  C.,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Vermont.  He  settled  in  Wisconsin,  and 
in  1870  was  appointed  United  States  judge 
for  the  western  district  of  Wisconsin,  re 
siding  at  Madison. 

HOPKINS,  JAMES  HERRON,  lawyer, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  3, 
1831,  in  Washington  county,  Pa.  In  1872 
he  was  candidate  for  congress  for  the 
state  at  large,  and  in  1874  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 


HOPKINS,  JOHN  HENRY,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1792,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  the  first  protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Vermont.  A  writer  of  vigor  and 
versatility,  prominent  both  as  a  high 
churchman  and  a  controversialist  He 
was  the  author  of  History  of  the  Confes 
sional;  The  End  of  Controversy  Contro 
verted;  The  Primitive  Church;  Essay  on 
Gothic  Architecture;  The  Church  of  Rome 
in  Her  Primitive  Purity;  Scriptural  View 
of  Slavery,  a  defence  of  the  institution; 
Law  of  Ritualism;  Lectures  on  the  Ref 
ormation;  Twelve  Canzonets,  words  and 
music;  and  History  of  the  Church  He 
died  Jan.  9,  1868,  in  Rock  Point  Vt 


496 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HOPKINS,  JOHN  HENRY,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1820, 
in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman  who  founded  The  Church  Jour 
nal,  of  which  he  was  long  the  editor. 
Among  his  writings  are  included  Carols, 
Hymns,  and  Songs;  Poems  by  the  Way 
side;  Life  of  Bishop  Hopkins;  Faith  and 
Order  of  the  Protestant  Church  in  the 
United  States;  and  a  translation  of 
Goethe's  Autobiography.  He  died  Aug.  23, 
1891,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

HOPKINS,  JOHN   W.    C.,   lawyer,   was 
born  Dec.   24,  1874,  in  Tucson,  Ariz.     He 
received  his  education  at  the  South  Da- 
'  kota        Agricultural 

college.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  of 
the  supreme  court  at 
the  age  of  nineteen 
years;  was  elected 
state's  attorney  the 
same  year,  and  has 
the  distinction  of 
holding  that  position 
at  an  age  younger 
than  any  other  in 
the  United  States. 
He  has  gained  prom 
inence  as  a  political  speaker,  and  his  hu 
morous  writings  have  attracted  consider 
able  attention  in  the  world  of  literature. 

HOPKINS,  JOHNS,  banker,  railroad 
president,  philanthropist,  was  born  May 
19,  1795.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  Johns 
Hopkins  university,  Hospital  and  Orphan 
asylum  of  Baltimore.  He  was  a  successful 
bank  president,  railroad  president  'and 
capitalist.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1873,  in  Balti 
more,  Md. 

HOPKINS,  LEMUEL,  author,  poet,  was 
born  June  19,  1750,  in  Waterbury,  Conn. 
He  was  a  political  writer  of  note  in  his 
day,  author  of  satires,  poems,  and  a  fav 
orite  version  of  Psalm  cxxxii.  With  Bar 
low  and  others  he  wrote  the  Anarchiad,  a 
plea  for  An  efficient  federal  constitution. 
He  died  April  14,  1801,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

HOPKINS,  MRS.  LOUISA  PARSONS 
(STONE),  educator,  author,  poet,  was 
born  April  19,  1834,  in  Newburyport,  Mass. 
She  was  an  educator  of  Boston,  for  some 
years  a  member  of  the  Boston  school 
board,  and  the  author  of  How  Shall  My 
Child  Be  Taught?  Practical  Pedagogy; 
Educational  Psychology;  Observation 
Lessons  in  Primary  Schools;  Cosmic 
Geography;  Handbook  of  the  Earth;  Par 
ables  of  Nature  and  Life.  In  verse  she 
wrote,  Motherhood;  Breath  of  the  Field 
and  Shore;  and  Easter  Carols. 

HOPKINS,  MRS.  LOUISA  (PAYSON), 
author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1812,  in  Port 
land,  Maine.  She  was  a  writer  of  re 
ligious  works  for  young  people,  the  wife 
of  Professor  Albert  Hopkins,  Williams- 
town,  Mass.  She  was  the  author  of  The 
Pastor's  Daughter;  Lessons  on  the  Book 
of  Proverbs;  Henry  Langdon;  The  Guid 
ing  Star;  The  Silent  Comforter;  and  Se 
lect  Thoughts.  She  died  Jan.  24,  1862. 

HOPKINS,  MARK,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1802, 
in  Stockbridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  congre 
gational  clergyman  who  was  president  of 
Williams  college  in  1836-72.  He  was  the 
author  of  Lectures  on  Moral  Science; 
The  Law  of  Love  and  Love  as  a  Law; 
Discourses  and  Essays;  Outline  Study  of 
Man;  The  Scriptural  Idea  of  Man;  Teach 
ings  and  Counsels;  and  Evidences  of 
Christianity.  He  died  June  17,  1887,  in 
Williamstown,  Mass. 

HOPKINS,  MARK,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  In  1851  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  journalist  in  London,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  World's  Verdict,  a  novel. 


HOPKINS,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1721,  in  Water- 
bury,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  the  founder 
of  what  has  been  called  Hopkinsian  div 
inity.  The  System  of  Doctrine  Contained 
in  Divine  Revelation  is  his  principal 
work.  Others  are,  The  True  State  of  the 
Unregenerate;  Nature  of  True  Holiness; 
and  The  Duty  and  Interest  of  American 
States  to  Emancipate  Their  Slaves.  He 
died  Dec.  20,  1803,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

HOPKINS,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  about  1750 
in  Albemarle  county,  Va.  He  served  in 
the  revolutionary  war,  fought  at  Prince 
ton,  Trenton,  Monmouth,  Brandywine, 
and  Germantown,  and  also  as  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  a  Virginia  regiment  at  the  siege 
of  Charleston.  He  moved  to  Kentucky  in 
1797,  and  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  state  legislature.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  Kentucky  from 
1813  to  1815.  He  died  in  October,  1819,  in 
Henderson,  Ky. 

HOPKINS,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  11,  1807,  in  Hadley, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  New  England,  long  a  resident  of 
Northampton,  Mass.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  Puritans  and  Queen  Elizabeth; 
Lessons  at  the  Cross;  and  Youth  of  the 
Old  Dominion.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1887,  in 
Northampton,  Mass. 

HOPKINS,  SAMUEL  J.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1843,  in 
Prince  George  county,  Md.  He  enlisted 
in  company  A,  second  Maryland  infantry, 
confederate  states  of  America,  and  served 
during  the  war.  After  the  war  he  set 
tled  in  Lynchburgh,  and  was  elected  to 
the  fiftieth  congress. 

HOPKINS,  SAMUEL  MILES,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
May  9,  1772,  in  Salem,  Conn.  He  was  a 
jurist  of  New  York  state;  and  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  in  1813-15.  He  was 
the  author  of  Chancery  Reports;  and 
Treatise  on  Temperance.  He  died  March 
9,  1837,  in  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

HOPKINS,  SAMUEL  MILES,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1813,  in 
Geneseo,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman,  professor  in  Auburn  Theological 
seminary  from  1847,  and  the  author  of 
Manual  of  Church  Polity;  and  Liturgy 
and  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 

HOPKINS,  STEPHEN,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
March  7,  1707,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  In 
1742  he  moved  to  Providence  and  en 
tered  the  mercantile  business.  From  1751 
to  1754  he  was  chief  justice  of  the  superior 
court;  and  in  1755  was  elected  governor 
of  the  state,  and,  with  the  exception  of 
four  years,  served  until  1768.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1774  to  1777,  and  also  in  1778,  and  a  signer 
of  the  declaration  of  independence.  He 
was  the  author  of  History  of  the  Plant 
ing  and  Growth  of  Providence.  He  died 
July  13,  1785,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

HOPKINS,  STEPHEN  T.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  March  25,  1849, 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  an  iron  mer 
chant;  was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of 
the  state  of  New  York  in  1885-86,  and  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

HOPKINS,  THEODORE  WELD,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  botn  Jan. 
5,  1841,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1873  he 
was  ealted  to  the  chair  of  church  history 
in  the  congregational  theological  semi 
nary  at  Chicago,  111.  In  1881  he  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  Central  Presbyterian 


church  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  is  the 
author  of  an  historical  essay  on  The  Doc 
trine  of  Inspiration. 

HOPKINS,  THOMAS  CRAMER,  geol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  May  4,  1861,  in 
Centre  county,  Pa.  During  1889-92  he  was 
assistant  state  geologist  of  Arkansas,  and 
filled  the  same  position  in  1895-96  In 
Indiana.  Since  1896  he  has  filled  the 
chair  of  economic  geology  in  the  State 
college  of  Pennsylvania.  His  specialty  is 
building  stones,  on  which  subject  he  has. 
published  many  valuable  papers. 

HOPKINS,  VIRA  M.  DARLING,  poet. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems 
entitled  Sunny  Side  Sketches. 

HOPKINS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  college 
president,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1841,  in 
Greensborough,  Md.  He  was  eiected  vice- 
president  of  St.  John's  college  in  1881, 
and  in  1884  was  appointed  president. 

HOPKINSON,  FRANCIS,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
Sept.  21,  1738,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  a  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  inde 
pendence.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  in 
1776  and.  1777;  was 
a  judge  of  the  ad 
miralty  court;  and 
subsequently  a  judge 
of  the  United  States 
district  court.  He 
was  the  author  of 
The  Pretty  Story; 
rlhe  Prophecy;  The 
Political  Catechism;  and  The  New  Roof. 
He  is  best  known  by  his  humorous  poem, 
The  Battle  of  the  Kegs.  Three  volumes 
of  his  Miscellaneous  Writings  were  pub 
lished  in  1792.  He  died  May  9,  1791,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HOPKINSON,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  12, 
1770,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1815  he 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania,  and  served  until  1819,  after 
which  he  resided  in  Bordentown,  N.  J., 
until  appointed  judge  of  the  district  court 
of  the  United  States  for  the  eastern  dis 
trict  of  Pennsylvania,  when  he  returned 
to  Philadelphia,  and  held  this  office  until 
his  death.  He  published  many  interest 
ing  addresses,  and  wrote  the  song  Hail 
Columbia.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1842,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

HOPPER,  HARRY  SHELMIRE,  lawyer, 
genealogist,  was  born  June  13,  1858,  in 
He  received  his  degree 
of  bachelor  of  arts 
from  the  Central 
High  school  of  Phil 
adelphia  in  1875;  and 
in  1&80  received  the 
degree  of  master  of 
arts  from  the  same 
institution.  In  1878 
he  graduated  from 
the  university  of 
Pennsylvania  with 
the  degree  of  bach 
elor  of  laws;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
the  following  year,  and  has  continued  in 
active  practice  ever  since  in  Philadelphia. 
He  has  been  an  occasional  contributor  to 
historical  magazines,  and  has  given  much 
time  to  genealogical  research  and  to  the 
compiling  of  a  history  of  the  Hopper 
Family  and  Collateral  Lines.  He  is  his 
torian  of  the  Association  Alumni  of  the 
Central  High  School  of  Philadelphia,  and 
a  prominent  member  of  various  clubs  and 
associations  in  his  native  city. 


Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HERRINO8HAW8     KNCVCLOPKDIA    OF    AMKHICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


497 


HOPPER,  WILLIAM  TATOM,  journal 
ist,  legislator,  was  born  May  8,  1872,  in 
Georgia.  He  has  been  county  school  ex 
aminer,  and  is  now  president  of  the  Citi 
zen  Printing  and  Publishing  company  of 
Mountain  Home,  Ark.,  and  is  also  the 
editor-in-chief  of  the  Citizen.  He  has 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Arkansas  state  legislature. 

HOPPIN,  AUGUSTUS,  artist,  author, 
was  born  July  13,  1828,  in  Providence,  R. 
I.  He  is  the  author  of  On  the  Nile; 
Ups  and  Downs  on  Land  and  Water;  Ju 
bilee  Days;  Hay  Fever;  Recollections  of 
Auton  House,  a  novel;  A  Fashionable  Suf 
ferer;  Two  Compton  Boys;  and  Married 
for  Fun,  a  romance. 

HOPPIN,  JAMES  MASON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1820,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  is  a  congregational  cler 
gyman,  professor  of  homiletics  at 
Yale  university  in  1861-79,  and  subse 
quently  of  the  history  of  art.  He  is  the 
author  of  Notes  of  a  Theological  Student; 
Old  England;  Life  of  Admiral  Foote; 
Memoirs  of  Henry  Armitt  Brown;  Homil 
etics;  Pastoral  Theology;  Office  and  Work 
of  the  Christian  Minister;  Sermons  on 
Faith,  Hope,  Love,  etc.;  The  Early  Ren 
aissance;  and  Greek  Art  on  Greek  Soil. 

HOPPIN,  WILLIAM  WARNER,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1807,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  After  serving  in  the  munici 
pal  boards  of  Providence  he  was  sent  to 
the  state  senate  in  1853,  and  in  1854  was 
elected  governor.  He  was  re-elected  in 
1855  and  1856,  and  was  nominated  for  a 
fourth  term,  but  declined.  He  died  April 
19,  1890,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

HOPSON,  WINTHROP  HARTLY,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  April  26,  1823,  in  Chris 
tian  county,  Ky.  In  1841  he  graduated 
from  the  Missouri 
State  university,  and 
entered  the  ministry 
of  the  Christian 
church.  In  1843  he 
received  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  from  the 
McDowell  college  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 
practiced  medicine 
for  six  years,  not 
ceasing  in  the  mean 
time  from  his  min 
isterial  work.  He 
gave  much  attention  to  the  founding  and 
nurturing  of  schools  and  colleges,  and 
was  mainly  instrumental  in  building  up  a 
nourishing  female  academy  at  Palmyra. 
After  the  war  he  filled  pastorates  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.,  and  in  Louisville,  Ky.  In  1874 
he  returned  to  Missouri,  and  a  year  later 
became  president  of  the  Christian  univer 
sity  of  Canton.  In  1877.  he  was  prostrated 
by  disease  and  died. 

HOi-vVOOD,  JOSEPHUS,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  'college  president,  was  born  April 
18,  1843,  in  Montgomery  county,  Ky.  He 
attended  the  Eureka 
college  of  Abingdon, 
111.,  and  the  Ken 
tucky  university  of 
Lexington.  During 
the  civil  war  he 
served  as  a  union 
soldier  in  the  sev 
enth  Illinois  cavalry, 
was  twice  captured, 
and  spent  four 
months  on  Belle  Isl 
and,  Va.  After  the 
war  he  went  to  col 
lege,  and  subsequently  attained  success  as 
a  clergyman  and  educator.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Milligan  college  of  Ten 
nessee  since  its  founding  in  1882;  was 
managing  editor  of  The  Pilot  of  Nashville 
in  1895,  and  in  1896  was  the  prohibition 

32 


candidate  for  governor  of  Tennessee.     He 
has  also  attained  prominence  as  a  lecturer 
on  prohibition  and  reform  subjects. 

HOPWOOD,  ROBERT  F.,  lawyer,  busi 
ness  man,  was  born  July  24,  1856,  in 
Uniontown,  Pa.  He  received  a  thorough 
education,  has  taught  school  and  in  1879 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  has  since 
attained  prominence  as  a  successful  law 
yer  in  his  native  city;  has  twice  received 
the  nomination  for  district  attorney,  and 
in  1894  was  endorsed  for  congress.  He 
is  interested  in  the  public  schools;  presi 
dent  of  the  School  Directors'  association 
of  Fayette  County,  and  a  trustee  of  Al 
legheny  college  of  Meadville,  Pa.  He  is 
interested  in  a  number  of  business  en 
terprises  at  home  and  in  the  state  of 
West  Virginia. 

HORD,  FRANCIS  T.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Nov.  24,  1835,  in  Maysville,  Ky. 
After  receiving  his  education  he  studied 
law,  and  became 
school  examiner  for 
Bartholomew  county 
in  1857-58;  and  in 
1858-60  was  district 
^k  prosecuting  attor 
ney.  During  1862-66 
he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member 
of  the  Indiana  state 
senate.  During  1868- 
72  he  was  city  attor 
ney  for  the  city  6f 
Columbus;  and  for 

twenty  years  was  county  attorney  for 
Bartholomew  county.  In  1876  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  national  democratic  con 
vention,  and  in  1880  was  a  candidate  for 
presidential  elector.  In  1882  he  was  elect 
ed  attorney-general  for  the  state  of  Indi 
ana;  and  in  1884  received  the  re-election 
to  the  same  position.  In  1892  he  was 
elected  to  the  high  office  of  circuit  judge 
for  the  ninth  judicial  district  of  Indiana, 
and  still  holds  that  position. 

HORN,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  compos 
er,  was  born  June  21,  1786,  in  London, 
England.  His  best  known  compositions 
are  I  Know  a  Bank  Whereon  the  Wild 
Thyme  Blows;  Cherry  Ripe;  Through  the 
Wood;  and  I've  Been  Roaming.  He  died 
Oct.  21,  1849,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

HORN,  EDWARD  TRAILL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  June  10,  1850,  in  Easton, 
Pa.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergyman  of 
Charleston,  and  the  author  of  The  Chris 
tian  Year;  Old  Matin  and  Vesper  Services 
of  the  Lutheran  Church;  Outlines  of  Lit 
urgies;  and  The  Evangelical  Pastor. 

HORN,  HENRY,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1831  to  1833. 

HORN,  JOHN  C.,  educator,  lawyer,  cler 
gyman,  missionary,  was  born  Sept.  22, 
1849,  in  Butler  county,  Ohio.  Since  1876 
he  has  been  a  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church.  He  has  filled  the  chairs 
of  languages,  mathematics,  science,  his 
tory,  philosophy  and  elocution  in  several 
colleges;  has  been  president  of  the  McGee 
college,  and  also  president  of  the  Lewis 
college,  from  which  latter  institution  he 
received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  He  has  trav 
eled  extensively  in  Europe,  and  for  sev 
eral  years  was  a  missionary  in  South 
America.  He  now  fills  a  pastorate  in 
Cripple  Creek,  Col.,  in  which  state  he  is 
also  a  member  of  the  bar. 

HORNADAY,  WILLIAM  TEMPLE,  nat 
uralist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1854,  in 
Plainfleld,  Ind.  He  is  a  naturalist  of 
Washington,  for  eight  years  chief  tax 
idermist  of  the  National  museum,  and  the 
author  of  Two  Years  in  the  Jungle;  The 
Buffalo  Hunt;  Canoe  and  Rifle  on  the 
Orinoco;  Free  Rum  on  the  Congo;  and 
Taxidermy  and  Zoological  Collecting. 


HORNBECK,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  house  of  represent 
atives  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1847  to  1848.  He  died  Jan.  16,  1848, 
in  Allentown,  Pa. 

HORNBLOWER,  JOSEPH  COERTON, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  May  6,  1777,  in 
Belleville,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  by  the 
joint  meeting  of  the  legislature  of  New 
Jersey  chief  justice  of  that  state  in  1832, 
and  re-elected  in  1839,  making  his  full 
term  on  the  bench  fourteen  years.  He 
died  June  11,  1864,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

HORNBLOWER,  JOSIAH,  civil  engi 
neer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1729,  in 
England.  He  was  several  years  in  the 
state  legislature,  serving  as  speaker.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1785  to  1786;  was  justice  of  the 
peace  for  a  long  period  and  in  1798  was 
appointed  judge  of  Essex  county  court, 
which  position  he  held  until  his  death. 
He  died  Jan.  31,  1809,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

HORNBY,  JOHN,  railroad  president, 
was  born  in  1838  in  Jamaica,  N.  Y.  Since 
1889  he  has  been  president  of  the  Fort 
Worth  and  Rio  Grande  railroad. 

HORNE,  A.  R.,  educator,  journalist, 
was  born  March  24,  1834,  in  Pleasant  Val 
ley,  Pa.  For  forty  years  he  was  engaged 
in  educational  work,  and  became  presi 
dent  of  the  East  Texas  university.  He  is 
the  editor  and  founder  of  The  National 
Educator  of  Allentown,  Pa. 

HORNER,  FREDERICK,  surgeon,  jour 
nalist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  June  26, 
1828,  in  Berry's  Ferry,  Va.  He  has  been 
a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  navy  in 
squadrons  on  the  coast  of  Brazil  and 
Gulf  of  Mexico;  at  the  hospital  at  Nor 
folk,  Va.,  and  other  places.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Autographs  of  the  University  of 
Virginia;  History  of  the  Blair,  Braxton 
and  Banister  Families,  and  a  Biography  of 
the  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Virginia. 

HORNER,  JOHN  SCOTT,  governor, 
was  born  Dec.  5,  1802,  in  Warrenton,  Va. 
In  1835  he  was  appointed  secretary  and! 
acting  governor  of  the  territory  of  Michi 
gan,  inclusive  of  the  territories  of  Wis 
consin  and  Iowa.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1883, 
in  Ripon,  Wis. 

HORNER,  WILLIAM  EDMUNDS,  phy 
sician,  educator,  author,  was  born  June 
3,  1793,  in  Warrenton,  Va.  He  was  a 
physician  of  Philadelphia,  professor  of 
anatomy  in  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1819-53,  and  the  author  of  Spe 
cial  Anatomy  and  Histology;  United 
States  Dissector;  Anatomical  Atlas;  and 
Pathological  Anatomy.  He  died  March 
13,  1853,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HORNIBROOK,    EDWARD,    physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  28,   1838,   in  On 
tario,  Canada.     He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools, 
the      university      of 
Toronto,      and      the 
university     of     Vic 
toria     college.       He 
9  *  ;    has    served   as   dean 

,    »X     of    the   medical    col- 
>*  ^9     lege    of    Sioux    City, 

v  r  Iowa,  and  professor 
of  gynaecology  in  that 
institution.  He  was 
the  first  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Iowa 
State  Medical  so 
ciety;  has  served  as  consulting  physician 
and  surgeon  of  the  Iowa  hospital  for  the 
insane  of  Independence;  and  during  1891- 
96  was  trustee  of  the  State  Insane  hospi 
tal.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  physicians 
and  surgeons  of  Iowa,  and  now  practices, 
his  profession  at  Cherokee. 


498 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


HORR,  ROSWELL  G.,  lawyer,  miner, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1839,  in 
Waitfield,  Vt.  In  1872  he  removed  to 
East  Saginaw,  Mich.;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Michigan  to  the  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

HORROCKS,  JAMES,  college  president. 
He  was  the  sixth  president  of  Mary  and 
William  college.  He  died  March  20,  1772. 
HORRY,  PETER,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  distinguished 
himself  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and 
was  made  a  brigadier-general.  In  con 
junction  with  Rev.  Mason  L.  Weems,  he 
published  a  Life  of  Marion,  which  has 
passed  through  many  editions. 

HORSEY,  OUTERBRIDGE,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1777  In 
Somerset  county,  Del.  He  was  for  many 
years  attorney-general  of  the  state;  and 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Delaware 
from  1810  to  1821.  He  died  June  9,  1842, 
in  Needwood,  Md. 

HORSFIELD,  THOMAS,  naturalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1773  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  naturalist  and  traveler  who 
was  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  but  was  in 
the  employ  of  the  East  India  company, 
and  lived  in  England  after  1820.  He  is 
the  author  of  Lepidopterous  Insects;  and 
Zoological  Researches  in  Java.  He  died 
in  1859  in  London,  England. 

HORSFORD,  EBEN  NORTON,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  July  27,  1818,  in 
Moscow,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  chemist  of 
Cambridge  who  was  Rumford  professor 
at  Harvard  university  in  1847-63.  He  was 
the  discoverer  of  acid  phosphate,  and  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Lawrence  Scientific 
school  at  Harvard.  He  was  the  author  of 
Theory  and  Art  of  Breadmaking;  The 
Army  Ration;  and  Discovery  of  America 
by  Northmen.  He  died  in  1893. 

HORSFORD,  JEDEDIAH,  soldier,  farm 
er,  congressman,  was  born  March  8,  1791, 
in  Charlotte,  Vt.  He  participated  in  the 
defence  of  Burlington  during  the  war  of 
1812,  and  in  1814  removed  to  the  Genesee 
valley,  where  he  served  as  a  missionary 
among  the  Seneca  Indians.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  legislature,  and 
was  elected  to  congress  as  a  whig,  serv 
ing  from  1851  till  1853.  He  died  Jan.  14, 
1874,  in  Livonia,  N.  Y. 

HORSMANDEN,  DANIEL,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1691  in  England.  He 
was  a  jurist  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  The  New  York  Conspiracy,  or 
The  History  of  the  Negro  Plot;  and  Let 
ters  to  Governor  Clinton.  He  died  Sept. 
28,  1778,  in  Flatbush,  N.  Y. 

HORSTMANN,  IGNATIUS  F.,  priest, 
bishop,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1840,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa..  Completing  the  prescribed 
course  of  studies,  he 
was  elevated  to  the 
priesthood  in  1865. 
He  continued  the 
studies  in  Rome,  and 
a  year  later  won  the 
degree  of  doctor  of 
divinity.  In  1866  he 
was  appointed  pro 
fessor  of  logic,  meta 
physics  and  ethics, 
as  well  as  of  German 
and  Hebrew,  in  St. 
Charles  Borromeo's 
seminary  of  Philadelphia;  and  then  dur 
ing  1871-77  at  Overbrook.  In  1877  he 
was  appointed  rector  of  St.  Mary's 
church;  in  1885 became  chancellor;  In  1892 
was  installed  as  bishop  of  Cleveland;  and 
his  diocese  covers  all  of  northern  Ohio. 
He  Is  an  eloquent  speaker;  a  facile  writ 
er;  genial  and  democratic  In  manners; 
generous  to  the  poor;  and  a  thorough 
American  in  sentiment. 


HORTON,  ALBERT  HOWELL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  March  12,  1837,  in  Brook- 
field,  N.  Y.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of  representatives  of 
Kansas;  and  in  1877  was  elected  chief 
justice  to  the  supreme  court  of  Kansas. 

HORTON,  GEORGE  FORMAN,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1806,  in 
Terrytown,  Pa.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Terrytown,  Pa.;  and  the  author  of  Ge 
ology  of  Bradford  County,  Pennsylvania; 
and  The  Horton  Genealogy.  He  died  Dec. 
i'O,  1886,  in  Terrytown,  Pa. 

HORTON,  GEORGE  MOSES,  slave, 
poet,  was  born  about  1798  in  Chatham 
county,  N.  C.  He  is  the  author  of  a  book 
of  poems  entitled  The  Hope  of  Liberty; 
and  also  wrote  novels  and  essays.  He 
died  about  1880. 

HORTON,  JACKSON  DAVID,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1860,  in  Nashua, 
Iowa.  After  attending  the  Nashua  high 
school  he  entered  the  Upper  Iowa  univer 
sity  in  1878,  and  remained  there  for  two 
years.  He  then  went  to  the  state  uni 
versity  of  Wisconsin  for  two  years;  in 
1884  graduated  from  the  College  of  Phy 
sicians  and  Surgeons  of  Chicago;  subse 
quently  taking  a  post-graduate  course  at 
the  Chicago  Polyclinic.  Since  1884  he  has 
been  in  active  general  practice  of  medi 
cine  in  his  native  city,  where  he  has  been 
coroner  and  has  filled  various  other  po 
sitions  of  public  trust.  Dr.  Horton  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  leading  medi 
cal  bodies  of  the  United  States. 

HORTON,  NATHAN  C.,  educator,  law 
yer,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1869,  in  Ches 
ter,  N.  J.  In  his  youth  he  taught  school, 
and  subsequently 
graduated  from  the 
state  model  school 
of  Trenton,  N.  J.  In 
1888  he  entered  the 
law  department  of 
the  university  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  at 
the  same  time  was 
city  editor  of  The 
Advance  of  Middle- 
town.  The  follow 
ing  year  he  gradu 
ated  and  received  the 
degree  of  bachelor  of  laws.  In  1895  he 
became  city  counsel  of  Orange,  N.  J.  For 
many  years  he  was  editor  of  The  Insur 
ance  News  of  Philadelphia;  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  the  periodical 
press;  and  his  poems  have  been  given  a 
place  in  several  standard  works. 

HORTON,  SAMUEL  DANA,  publicist, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  16, 1844,  in  Pomeroy, 
Ohio.  He  was  a  publicist  of  Pomeroy, 
Ohio,  and  eminent  as  an  advocate  of 
bimetallism.  He  was  the  author  of  Sil 
ver  and  Gold;  The  Silver  Pound  and 
England's  Monetary  Position  since  the 
Restoration,  with  a  History  of  the  Guinea; 
and  Silver  in  Europe.  He  died  in  1895. 

HORTON,  THEODORE,  physician,  sur 
geon,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1823, 
in  Chester,  N.  J.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
to  the  Indiana  state  senate,  and  in  1861 
he  was  elected  to  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives.  In  1864  he  was  elected  auditor 
of  Wells  county. 

HORTON,  THOMAS  R.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1855  to  1857. 

HORTON,  VALENTINE  BAXTER, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1802,  in 
Windsor,  Vt.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Ohio  constitutional  convention  of  1850. 
In  1854  he  was  elected  a  representative  to 
the  thirty-fourth  congress;  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-seventh 
congresses.  He  died  Jan.  14,  1888,  In 
Pomeroy,  Ohio. 


HORWITZ,  PHINEAS  JONATHAN, 
surgeon,  was  born  March  3,  1822,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.  From  1859  till  1865  he  was 
assistant  to  the  bureau  of  medicine,  and 
chief  of  that  bureau  in  1865-69.  He  was 
promoted  surgeon  in  1861,  commissioned 
medical  inspector  in  1871,  medical  direc 
tor  in  1873,  and  was  retired  with  the  rela 
tive  rank  of  captain  in  1885. 

HOSACK,  DAVID,  physician,  scientist, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1769,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  an  eminent  physician 
and  scientist  of  New 
York  city  who 
founded  the  first  bo- 
t  a  n  i  c  garden  in 
America.  He  was  the 
author  of  Contagious 
Diseases;  Vision; 
Hortus  Elginensis; 
Memoir  of  Hugh 
Williamson;  Me 
moirs  of  De  Witt 
Clinton;  Essays  on 
Medical  Science;  and 
Theory  and  Practice 
of  Medicine.  He  died  Dec.  22,  1835,  in 
New  York  city. 

HOSFORD,  JEDEDIAH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Vermont.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1851  to  1853. 

HOSFORD,  ORAMEL,  educator,  author, 
was  born  May  7,  1820,  in  Thetford,  Vt. 
He  was  professor  of  mathematics  and 
philosophy  in  Olivet  college,  Michigan,  in 
1846,  and  at  the  same  time  was  pastor  of 
the  congregational  church  there.  In  1864 
he  was  elected  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  of  the  state  of  Michigan.  He 
published  School  Laws  of  Michigan,  with 
Notes  and  Forms. 

HOSKIN,  ROBERT,  wood  engraver,  was 
born  Feb.  10,  1842,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  At 
the  international  exhibition  of  the  graphic 
arts,  held  at  Vienna  in  1887,  he  received 
the  gold  medal  of  honor  for  his  engrav 
ing  of  Cromwell  Visiting  Milton.  He  is 
still  an  engraver  for  magazines. 

HOSKINS,  GEORGE  GILBERT,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  24, 
1824,  in  Bennington,  N.  Y.  He  was  ap 
pointed  postmaster  at  Bennington,  and  re 
tained  the  office  under  three  presidents. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  the 
state  in  1860,  1865,  and  1866,  and  in  1865 
was  chosen  speaker.  In  1868  he  was  ap 
pointed  state  commissioner  of  public  ac 
counts,  and  held  the  office  three  years; 
and  in  1871  was  appointed  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  and  forty-fourth  congresses. 

HOSKINS,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  April  27,  1795,  in  Wethersfield, 
Vt.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Vermont  and 
Massachusetts;  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  Vermont;  Notes  in  the  West;  and 
The  Bennington  Court  Controversy.  He 
died  April  21.  1869,  in  Williamstown, 
Mass. 

HOSMER,  FREDERICK  LUCIAN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1846 
in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman  of  Chicago;  and  the  author  of 
The  Way  of  Life;  and  The  Thought  of 
God  in  Hymns  and  Poems. 

HOSMER,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Nov.  27,  1803,  in  Concord,  Mass.  In  1856 
he  was  elected  president  of  Antioch  col 
lege  of  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio.  He  died 
July  5,  1881,  in  Canton. 

HOSMER,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
physician,  author,  was  born  in  1846.  He 
is  a  physician;  and  the  author  of  The 
People  and  Politics;  and  As  We  Went 
Marching  On,  a  Story  of  the  War. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


499 


HOSMER,  H.  L.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  chief  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Idaho. 

HOSMER,  HARRIET  G.,  sculptor,  was 
born  Oct.  9,  1830,  in  Watertown,  Mass. 
She  has  produced  two  ideal  heads,  Daphne 
and  Medusa,  which  were  exhibited  in  Bos 
ton  in  1853.  She  executed  a  statue  of 
Queen  Isabella  for  the  World's  Colum 
bian  exposition.  Her  best  works  are  Ze- 
nobia  in  Chains;  and  The  Sleeping  Faun. 
HOSMER,  HEZEKIAH  L.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1797  to  1799. 
HOSMER,  JAMES  KENDALL,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1834,  in 
Xorthfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  professor  in 
Washington  university  of  St.  Louis  in 
1874-92,  and  since  the  latter  date  public 
librarian  of  Minneapolis.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Short  History  of  Anglo-Saxon 
Freedom;  The  Story  of  the  Jews;  Life 
of  Sir  Henry  Vane;  Life  of  Samuel 
Adams;  Thomas  Hutchinson,  Royal  Gov 
ernor  of  the  Province  of  Massachusetts 
Bay;  The  Color  Guard,  a  narrative  of 
personal  experience;  The  Thinking 
Bayonet,  a  novel;  A  Short  History  of 
German  Literature;  and  How  Thankful 
Was  Bewitched. 

HOSMER,  JEAN,  actress,  was  born 
Jan.  29,  1842,  near  Boston,  Mass.  She  first 
appeared  on  the  stage  in  a  ballet  at  Buf 
falo,  N.  Y.,  and  rose  to  be  a  star  actress, 
performing  the  part  of  Juliet  at  the  Chest 
nut  street  theater,  Philadelphia,  in  1858. 

HOSMER,  MRS.  MARGARET  [KERR], 
author,  was  born  in  1830  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  She  is  a  Philadelphia  writer  of  Sun 
day-school  tales,  among  which  are,  A 
Chinaman  in  California;  The  Chinese 
Boy;  The  Little  Captives;  Lonny  the 
Orphan.  She  wrote,  also,  three  novels, 
Blanche  Gilroy;  The  Morrisons;  and  Ten 
Years  of  a  Lifetime. 

HOSMER,  STEPHEN  TITUS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1763  in  Middletown, 
Conn.  For  two  years  and  a  half  he  was 
a  member  of  the  council  of  state,  and 
after  the  adoption  of  the  state  consti 
tution  was  chief  justice  of  Connecticut 
from  1815  till  1833.  He  died  Aug.  5, 
1834,  in  Middletown,  Conn. 

HOSMER,  TITUS,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1736  in  Middletown,  Conn. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  council;  of  the 
assembly  from  1773  to  1778;  and  speaker 
in  1777.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1775  to  1779;  and 
in  1780  was  appointed  judge  of  the  mari 
time  court  of  appeals  for  the  United 
States.  He  was  a  signer  of  the  articles 
of  confederation.  He  died  Aug.  4,  1780,  in 
Watertown,  Conn. 

HOSMER,  WILLIAM  HENRY  CUYLER, 
lawyer,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  25, 
1814,  in  Avon,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
western  New  York 
who  wrote  much  in 
verse,  the  greater 
part  of  which  is  con 
cerned  with  Indian 
legends.  He  was  the 
author  of  Fall  of  Te- 
cumseh;  Legends  of 
the  Senecas;  The 
Themes  of  Song; 
The  Months;  Yon- 
nondio;  Bird  Notes; 
Indian  Traditions 
and  Songs;  and  The 
Pioneers  of  Western  New  York.  He  died 
May  23,  1877,  in  Avon,  N.  Y. 

HOSTETLER,  ABRAHAM  J.,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
22,  1818,  in  Washington  county,  Ind.  He 
was  elected  a  state  senator  from  1854  to 
1858;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  forty-sixth  congress. 


HOSTETTER,  JACOB,  congressman, 
was  born  in  York,  Pa.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  in 
1814  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  again  from 
1819  to  1821. 

HOSTETTER,  SAMUEL  E.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  July  19,  1860,  in  Newberry, 
Ind.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  Indiana,  and  in  1881 
attended  the  state  university  of  Nebraska. 
In  18 78  he  moved  to  Nebraska,  where  he 
was  bank  clerk,  city  treasurer,  deputy 
county  clerk,  teacher  and  law  student  at 
Central  City,  Neb.  In  1883  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  the  same  year  was 
elected  county  judge.  After  serving  two 
years  he  moved  to  Denver,  Colo.;  and  in 
1889  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  where  he  is 
counsel  for  the  Lombard  Investment  com 
pany  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  counsel  for 
the  Fidelity  Loan  and  Trust  company  of 
Sioux  City;  and  various  other  corpora 
tions. 

HOTCHKISS,  BENJAMIN  BERKELY, 
inventor,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1826,  in  Water- 
town,  Conn.  In  1860  he  submitted  to  the 
United  States  government  an  improved 
system  of  rifling-belt  and  percussion  fuse 
for  projectiles,  and  after  their  adoption  he 
engaged  in  their  manufacture  in  New 
York.  His  next  invention  of  importance 
was  that  of  a  magazine-rifle,  devised  in 
1875,  and  followed  in  1882  by  a  quick- 
firing  gun.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  Mr. 
Hotchkiss  had  the  reputation  of  being  the 
first  artillery  engineer  in  the  world.  He 
died  Feb.  14,  1885,  in  Paris,  France. 

HOTCHKISS,  GILES  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1815,  in 
Windsor,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-ninth,  fortieth  and  forty-first 
congresses  as  a  republican,  serving  as 
chairman  of  civil  service,  and  on  the  com 
mittee  on  claims.  He  died  July  5,  1878. 

HOTCHKISS,  JAMES  HARVEY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1781,  in 
Cornwall,  Conn.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
minister  of  Prattsburg,  N.  Y.;  and  the 
author  of  History  of  the  Churches  of 
Western  New  York.  He  died  Sept.  21, 
1851,  in  Prattsburg,  N.  Y. 

HOTCHKISS,  JULIUS,  merchant,  st.ate 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1810 
in  Middletown,  Conn.  He  was  twice 
elected  to  the  Connecticut  state  legisla 
ture.  In  1867  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Connecticut  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress;  and  re-elected  to  the  forty-first 
congress. 

HOUCK,  JACOB,  JR.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1841  to  1843. 

HOUCK,  LEONIDAS  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June  8,  1836, 
in  Sevier  county,  Tenn.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  from  1861  to  1863,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1865;  and  was  judge  of  the  seventeenth 
judicial  circuit  from  1866  to  1870.  He  then 
moved  to  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  republican  national  con 
vention  of  1868.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1872  and  1876;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1872.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh,  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  con 
gresses. 

HOUGH,  DAVID,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1803  to  1807. 

HOUGH,  FRANKLIN  BENJAMIN,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  July  20,  1820,  in 
Martinsburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  physician 
whose  later  years  were  passed  in  Low- 


vine,  N.  Y.,  in  scientific  and  historical 
study.  He  was  the  author  of  Catalogue 
of  Plants  in  Lewis  and  Franklin  Counties; 
History  of  St.  Lawrence  and  Franklin 
Counties;  The  Siege  of  Charleston  in 
1780;  Duty  of  Government  in  the  Preser 
vation  of  Forests;  Report  on  Forestry; 
Elements  of  Forestry;  and  American  Con 
stitutions.  He  died  June  6,  1885,  in  Low- 
vine,  N.  Y. 

HOUGH,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  as 
tronomer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1836, 
in  Tribes  Hill,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  astron 
omer  of  Chicago,  director  of  the  Dearborn 
observatory;  and  the  author  of  Annals 
of  Dudley  Observatory;  Report  of  Dear 
born  Observatory;  and  The  Galvanic  Bat 
tery. 

HOUGH,  JACOB  B.,  physician,  was  born 
June  23,  1829,  in  Camargo,  Pa.  In  1875  he 
became  professor  of  chemistry  and  toxi 
cology  in  Miami  Medical  college,  Cin 
cinnati,  where  he  has  resided  since  1873, 
working  as  an  analytical  and  consulting 
chemist. 

HOUGH,  JOHN  STOCKTON,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1845,  in  Yardley, 
Pa.  He  was  a  successful  physician  and 
surgeon  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  several  medical  works. 

HOUGH,  LEWIS  SYLVESTER,  soldier, 
educator,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  March 
31,  1819,  in  Martinsburg,  N.  Y.  He  re 
ceived  diplomas  from  Hudson  and  Am- 
herst  colleges,  and  prior  to  the  war  he 
was  engaged  in  teaching,  as  principal  of 
the  classical  department  of  Germantown 
academy,  and  subsequently  principal  of 
one  of  the  public  schools  in  Philadelphia. 
He  was  a  soldier  in  the  union  army  dur 
ing  the  civil  war;  then  again  taught 
school;  and  has  attained  success  as  a 
lawyer  of  Media,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  political  essays,  the  best  known 
being  America  and  Her  Tariff,  and  the 
Principles  of  Coinage  and  Currency. 

HOUGH,  WARWICK,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1836,  in  Loudoun 
county,  Va.  He  served  in  the  confederate 
army  during  the  civil  war,  and  for  awhile 
was  on  the  staff  of  Lieutenant-General 
Taylor.  In  1874  he  was  elected  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Missouri  for  a  term 
of  ten  years,  during  the  last  two  years  of 
which  he  was  chief  justice  of  the  state. 
He  is  now  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

HOUGH,  WILLIAM  J.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  served  in  the 
assembly  of  that  state  in  1835  and  1836; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York  from  1845  to  1847. 

HOUGH,  WILLIAM  R.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1833,  in  Will- 
iamsburg,  Ind.  He  served  four  years  as 
senator,  there  being  two  regular  and  two 
special  sessions  of  the  legislature  during 
his  term  of  office. 

HOUGHTON,  DOUGLAS,  naturalist, 
was  born  Sept.  21,  1809,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 
He  erected  a  hermitage  in  his  father's 
orchard,  where  he  engaged  in  various  re 
searches.  Among  his  experiments  was 
the  manufacture  of  percussion  powder, 
which  had  been  recently  invented.  He 
died  Oct.  13,  1845,  on  Lake  Superior. 

HOUGHTON,  GEORGE  FREDERICK, 
lawyer,  journalist,  was  born  May  31,  1820, 
in  Guilford,  Vt.  In  1848-49  he  was  state 
secretary  of  civil  and  military  affairs,  and 
in  1852-53  state's  attorney  for  Franklin 
county.  The  next  year  he  established  the 
Vermont  Transcript,  and  was  subsequent 
ly  connected  with  the  Church  Journal  of 
New  York.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1870,  in  St. 
Albans,  Vt. 


500 


HKHKINCSHAWS     KXrYCLOPKUI  A    OF     AMKRICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


HOUGHTON,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 
WRIGHT,  journalist,  poet,  was  born  Aug. 
12,  1850,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was  a 
journalist  and  poet  of  New  York 
city.  His  published  volumes  of  verse  in 
clude,  Songs  from  Over  the  Sea;  Album 
Leaves;  Drift  from  York  Harbor,  Maine; 
The  Legend  of  St.  Olafs  Kirk;  and 
Niagara,  and  Other  Poems.  He  died  in 
April,  1891,  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

HOUGHTON,  HENRY  CLARK,  physi 
cian,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  22, 
1837,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  physician 
of  New  York  city;  dean  of  the  ophthalmic 
hospital;  and  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
Clinical  Otology. 

HOUGHTON,  JAMES  FRANKLIN, 
merchant,  civil  engineer,  was  born  Dec.  1, 
1827,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Massachusetts,  and  in 
1848  graduated  from  the  Rensselaer  Poly 
technic  institute.  He  first  accepted  a  re 
sponsible  position  in  the  construction  of 
the  Boston  water  works;  and  in  1849 
moved  to  California  by  way  of  Cape 
Horn.  In  1853  he  became  a  member  of 
the  lumber  firm  of  Pine  and  Houghton, 
which  became  the  best  known  and  most 
powerful  house  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
During  1862-68  he  served  as  surveyor-gen 
eral  of  the  state  of  California;  and  for 
eighteen  years  was  president  of  the  Home 
Mutual  Insurance  company.  He  has  filled 
numerous  public  positions  of  honor;  was 
president  of  the  South  San  Francisco  Dock 
company  and  other  corporations;  and 
has  now  retired  from  active  business. 

HOl'GHTON,  JOHN  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  was  born  March  29,  1848,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  attended  Claverack  college, 
St.  Stephen's  college,  and  the  General 
Theological  seminary.  In  1872  he  was  or 
dained  to  the  deaconate  of  the  episcopal 
church;  and  in  1875  to  the  priesthood. 
In  1872  he  was  deacon  of  the  Trinity 
church  of  New  York  city;  in  1876  was 
called  to  St.  Paul's  church  of  Salem,  N.  Y., 
after  a  year's  travel  in  Europe;  and  in 
1886  became  rector  of  the  Rexleigh  school 
in  the  same  city.  Since  1892  he  has  been 
rector  of  St.  Mark's  of  Denver,  Colo.;  and 
is  a  canon  of  the  cathedral  of  St.  John, 
and  a  member  of  the  standing  committee 
of  the  diocese. 

HOUGHTON.  SHERMAN  OTIS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  April  10,  1828. 
in  New  York  city.  He  received  his  edu- 
i ation  in  the  private 
schools  of  New  York 
city.  In  1846  he  en 
listed  in  the  first 
regiment  of  New 
York  volunteers  for 
service  during  the 
war  with  Mexico.  He 
went  with  his  regi 
ment  around  Cape 
Horn  in  1846,  arriv-- 
ing  at  San  Francisco 
on  March  26,  1847. 
He  participated  in 
numerous  conflicts  with  the  Mexican 
troops;  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy, 
and  made  adjutant  of  his  command.  After 
his  return  to  California  he  engaged  in 
gold  mining  for  a  short  time;  remained  in 
San  Jose  during  1849-86;  thence  to  Los 
Angeles,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Ih 
1855-56  he  was  mayor  of  San  Jose;  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses.  He  served  two  years  as 
ordnance  officer  on  the  staff  of  Major- 
General  H.  W.  Halleck,  with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  In  1860  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar;  has  been  leading  coun 
sel  in  numerous  important  cases  involv 
ing  titles  under  Spanish  and  Mexican  land 
grants  In  California. 


HOUK,  CLYDE  STANLEY,  educator, 
writer,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1873,  in  New 
Haven,  111.  After  receiving  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  he  attended  the  Southern  Illi 
nois  university,  and  graduated  from  that 
institution  in  1893.  He  then  took  up  edu 
cational  work.;  has  taught  German, 
French  and  Spanish;  and  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  writer  for  educational  pa 
pers  and  magazines. 

HOUK.  GEORGE  W..  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1825,  in  Cum 
berland  county,  Pa.  For  awhile  he  taught 
school.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1846;  and  practiced 
law  in  Dayton,  Ohio. 
In  3852-53  he  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio 
state  legislature; 
and  in  1860  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Char- 
1  e  s  t  o  n  -  Baltimore 
convention.  In  1876 
he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  national  repub- 
1  i  c  a  n  convention; 
and  in  1884  was  district  elector  on  the 
democratic  presidential  ticket.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress,  but  died  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  second  term.  His  contri 
butions  to  the  press  embraced  a  wide 
range  of  subjects.  His  wife  has  also  at 
tained  prominence  as  an  author. 

HOUK,  JOHN  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  26,  1860,  in  Clinton,  Tenn.  He 
was  elected  from  Tennessee  to  the  fifty- 
second,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  republican. 

HOUSE,  EDWARD  HOWARD,  journal 
ist,  critic,  author,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1836, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  journalist  and 
critic  of  Boston  and  New  York;  long 
resident  in  Japan;  and  the  author  of  The 
Simonoseki  Affair;  The  Kagosima  Affair; 
The  Japanese  Expedition  to  Formosa; 
Japanese  Episodes;  Yone  Santo,  a  Child 
of  Japan;  and  The  Midnight  Warning, 
and  Other  Stories. 

HOUSE,  HANNA  A.,  poet,  was  born 
near  Hillsboro,  Va.  She  has  attained 
prominence  in  the  south  in  the  field  of 
literature;  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
very  fine  poems,  several  of  which  have 
received  a  place  in  standard  national  col 
lections  of  poetry. 

HOUSE,  JAMES  ALFORD,  inventor, 
was  born  April  6,  1838,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1864  he  became  the  mechanical  en 
gineer  of  the  Wheeler  and  Wilson  Manu 
facturing  company.  The  button-hole  ma 
chine  made  by  this  corporation  was  in 
vented  by  him  in  1862,  and  the  button 
hole  attachment  for  their  family  sewing- 
machine  was  patented  by  him  in  1866.  He 
has  also  invented  an  india-rubber  trunk 
shield  and  several  sewing-machine  im 
provements. 

HOUSE,  JOHN  F.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1827,  in  Will 
iamson  county,  Tenn.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1853; 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1860;  and  in 
1861  was  a  member  of  the  provisional  con 
gress  of  confederate  states.  He  entered 
the  southern  army  and  remained  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  the  Tennessee  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1870;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Tennessee  to  the  forty- 
fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  and  forty- 
seventh  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HOUSE,  ROYAL  EARL,  inventor,  was 
born  Sept.  9,  1814,  in  Rockingham,  Vt. 
The  practicability  of  the  printing-tele 


graph  became  manifest  to  him.  and  he  in 
vented  a  keyboard,  a  single  line  of  in 
sulated  electric  conductors,  magnets, 
type-wheels,  automatic  platens,  and  pa 
per-carriers,  for  several  stations,  adapted 
for  transmitting  and  printing  messages  in 
Roman  characters. 

HOUSEMAN,  JULIUS,  merchant,  man 
ufacturer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  8, 
1832,  in  Germany.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Michigan  state  legislature  in 
1871  and  1872;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Michigan  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

HOUSER,  JESSE  P.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  2,  1864,  in  Columbus,  Ind.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools,  and  graduated  from 
the  state  normal  school  of  Kirksville,  Mo. 
He  has  attained  prominence  as  an  able 
lawyer;  was  elected  mayor  of  Mount 
Vernon,  Wash.,  in  1894,  for  a  term  of 
two  years;  and  in  1896  was  elected  judge 
of  the  superior  court  of  the  state  of  Wash 
ington  for  a  term  of  four  years. 

HOUSER,  SAMUEL  T.,  banker,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1832.  He  became 
largely  interested  in  mining,  and  was  suc 
cessful;  settled  at  Helena,  Mont.;  and 
became  president  of  the  First  National 
bank  of  Helena.  In  1885  he  was  appointed 
governor  of  the  territory  of  Montana  for 
the  term  of  four  years. 

IKH'STON,  A.  ROSS,  soldier,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  March  20,  1848,  in  Mid- 
dletown,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Walkill  academy  and  from  private 
tutors.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered 
the  union  army  as  second  lieutenant  in 
the  fourth  engineer  corps  D'Afrique;  was 
promoted  to  first  lieutenant  and  captain, 
and  assigned  as  aid-de-camp  at  head 
quarters,  department  of  the  Gulf,  and 
served  in  the  campaigns  of  Red  River  and 
against  Mobile  in  1864-65.  After  his  war 
service  Capt.  Houston  entered  the  em 
ploy  of  the  engineer  department  of  the 
United  States  army,  and  has  remained 
continuously  in  that  department  to  the 
present  time,  serving  on  the  New  England 
coast  and  on  works  connected  with  the 
great  lakes  and  rivers  of  the  northwest. 

HOUSTON,  DANIEL  FRANKLIN,  edu 
cator,  author.  He  is  a  professor  of  politi 
cal  economy  in  the  university  of  Texas; 
and  the  author  of  A  Critical  History  of 
Nullification  in  South  Carolina. 

HOUSTON,  DAVID  CRAWFORD,  civil 
engineer,  was  born  Dec.  5.  1835,  in  New 
York  city.  During  the  civil  war,  as  first 
lieutenant  of  the  engineer  corps,  he  aided 
in  constructing  the  defences  of  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted  col 
onel  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
during  the  rebellion. 

HOUSTON,  GEORGE  S.,  lawyer,  Ftate 
legislator,  congressman,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1811,  In 
Williamson  county,  Tenn.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Alabama  legislature  and  served 
two  sessions;  was  for  a  time  attorney 
for  the  state;  and  was  a  second  time 
elected  to  the  legislature.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  to  congress  in 
1841,  and  continued  to  serve  by  successive 
re-elections  until  1849.  He  was  again 
elected  to  congress  in  1851,  and  subse 
quently  re-elected.  He  was  governor  of 
Alabama  from  1874  to  1876;  and  was  elect 
ed  United  States  senator  from  Alabama 
for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4, 
1879.  He  died  Dec.  31,  1879,  in  Athens; 
Ala. 

HOUSTON,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  In  1806  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  judge  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Maryland. 


KHHINGSHAW'S     KNCYCLOPKDIA    OF     AMKHICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


501 


HOUSTON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1744,  in  Waynes- 
boro,  Ga.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1775  to  1777,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  first  naval  commit 
tee.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  coun 
cil  in  May,  1777;  governor  of  Georgia 
from  1778  to  1784;  and  in  1787  was  com 
missioner  for  settling  the  boundary  be 
tween  Georgia  and  South  Carolina.  In 
1792  he  was  appointed  first  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Georgia.  He  died  July 
20,  1796,  in  Savannah. 

HOUSTON,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Sussex  county, 
Del.  He  was  secretary  of  state  in  1841; 
and  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Delaware  from  1845  to  1851.  In  1856  he 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Delaware;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
peace  congress  of  1861. 

HOUSTON,    SAM,     soldier,     statesman, 
was  born   March   2,   1793,   in   Rockbridge 
county,    Va.     His    mother   removed   with 
her     family     to     the 
banks  of  the  Tennes 
see,  at  that  time  the 
limit  of  civilization. 
He  served  for  a  time 
as  clerk  to  a  country 
trader,     and     taught 
school.      In    1813    he 
enlisted  in  the  army 
and      served      under 
General    Jackson    in 
the     war     with     the 
Creek   Indians;     dis 
tinguished       himself 
on  several  occasions,  and,  at  the  conclu 
sion  of   the  war,   had   risen   to  the  rank 
of  lieutenant.     He  commenced  the   study 
of  law   at   Nashville;     and  after  holding 
several    minor    offices    in    Tennessee,    he 
was,  in  1823,  elected  to  congress,  and  con 
tinued  a  member  of  that  body  until  1827. 
when  he  became  governor  of  Tennessee. 
In  1829,  before  the  expiration  of  his  guber 
natorial  term,  he  resigned  his  office,  and 
went    to   take   up   his    abode   among   the 
Cherokee  Indians  in  Arkansas.     A  militia 
was  organized,   and   Austin,  the  founder 
of  the  colony,  was  elected  commander-in- 
chief,  in  which  office  he  was  shortly  after 
succeeded  by  General  Houston.     He  con 
ducted   the    war   with   vigor,   and    finally 
brought    it    to    a    successful    termination 
by  the  battle  of  San  Jacinto,  which  was 
fought  in  1836;   in  May.  1836,  he  signed  a 
treaty    acknowledging    the    independence 
of  Texas,  and  in  October  of  the  same  year 
was  inaugurated  the  first  president  of  the 
republic:     and    at    the   end   of    his   term 
of   office,  as   the  same   person   could   not 
constitutionally  be  elected  president  twice 
in  succession,  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Texas  congress.    In  1841,  however,  he  was 
again  elevated  to  the  presidential  chair; 
during  the  whole  time  that  he  held  that 
office  it  was  his  favorite  policy  to  effect 
the   annexation   of   Texas   to   the   United 
States.     In  1846  Texas  became  one  of  the 
states  of  the  union,  and  General  Houston 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate,  of 
which  body  he  remained  a  member  until 
1859.     In    1859   he   was   elected   governor 
of  Texas:     in  a  letter  that  he  addressed 
to  the  compiler  of  this  volume  he  said,  in 
his    characteristic   manner,    that    he   had 
risen  from  a  sergeant  up  to  president  of 
a    republic,    and    down    to    a   senator    of 
the  United  States.     His  name  was  Sam — 
not  Samuel,  as  generally  printed.    He  died 
July  25,  1863,  in  Huntsville,  Texas. 

HOUSTON,  WILLIAM,  congressman 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Georgia  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1784  to  1787; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  federal  constitution,  but 
did  not  sign  the  instrument. 


HOUSTON,  WILLIAM  CHURCHILL, 
educator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1740 
in  Cabarrus  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  pro- 
tessor  of  mathematics  in  Princeton  col 
lege.  He  was  a  delegate  from  New  Jersey 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1779  to 
1782,  and  again  in  1784  and  1785.  He  died 
Aug.  12,  1788,  in  Frankfort,  Pa. 

HOUSWORTH,  WILLIAM  EUGENE, 
educator,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
7,  1853,  in  Selin's  Grove,  Pa.  He  learned 
the  printer's  trade;  then  took  up  educa 
tional  work  for  about  twelve  years;  and 
in  1880  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems;  and  is  known  in  central  Penn 
sylvania  as  the  bard  of  the  Susquehanna. 
HOVEY,  ALBERT  G.,  merchant, banker, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  11,  1824,  in 
Londonderry,  N.  H.  In  1862  he  was  elect 
ed  a  senator  of  the  Oregon  legislature; 
served  three  sessions;  and  in  1888  was 
made  mayor  of  his  city. 

HOVEY,  ALVAH,  clergyman,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  March 
5,  1820,  in  Greene,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  baptist 
clergyman;  professor  in  Newton  Theo 
logical  seminary  from  1819;  and  since 
1868  its  president.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Miracles  of  Christ;  The  Scriptural 
Law  of  Divorce;  Life  of  Isaac  Backus; 
State  of  the  Impenitent  Dead;  Christian 
Teaching  and  Life;  God  with  Us;  Sys 
tematic  Theology;  Biblical  Eschatology; 
and  Studies  in  Ethics  and  Religion,  which 
include  his  principal  works. 

HOVEY,  ALVIN  PETERSON,  soldier, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1821,  in  Posey  county, 
Ind.  He  entered  the  volunteer  service 
during  the  rebellion  as  a  major:  served 
with  distinction  as  colonel  and  brigadier- 
general  at  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Champion  Hill 
and  Vicksburg;  and  was  made  a  brevet 
major-general. 

HOVEY,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  soldier, 
educator,  lawyer,  college  president,  was 
born  April  26,  1827,  in  Thetford,  Vt.  He 
assisted  in  organizing  the  Illinois  normal 
university  in  Normal,  of  which  he  was 
president  from  1857  till  the  civil  war;  and 
on  the  organization  of  a  system  of  public 
schools  in  that  city  in  1856  he  was  ap 
pointed  superintendent,  and  assisted  in 
forming  the  state  teachers'  association, 
of  which  he  was  president  in  1856.  In  1862 
he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general. 

HOVEY,  CHARLES  MASON,  horti 
culturist,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
26,  1810,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was 
a  noted  horticulturist  of  Cambridge,  ed 
itor  of  Hovey's  Magazine  of  Horticulture, 
which  reached  its  thirty-fourth  volume, 
and  author  of  Fruits  of  America.  He  died 
Sept.  2,  1887,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

HOVEY,  HARRIETTE  SPOFFORD,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  on  the  island  of  Nan- 
tucket.  She  is  now,  and  has  been  for 
thirteen  years,  in  charge  of  the  division 
of  correspondence  and  records  in  the 
national  bureau  of  education  af  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

HOVEY,  HORACE  CARTER,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1833, 
in  Fountain  county,  Ind.  He  is  a  con-, 
gregational  clergy 
man  of  Bridgeport, 
Conn.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Celebrated 
American  Caverns. 
He  has  delivered  a 
series  of  lectures  on 
Caverns,  Mountains 
and  Tornadoes, 
which  are  brilliantly 
illustrated  with  won 
derful  views.  He  is 
a  most  popular  cler 
gyman  of  his  de 
nomination:  and  a  successful  lecturer. 


HOVEY,  RICHARD,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1864  in  Illinois.  He  is  a  verse- 
writer  of  Washington;  and  the  author  of 
The  Laurel,  an  Ode;  Launcelot  and 
Guinevere,  a  Poem  in  Dramas,  republished 
as  The  Marriage  of  Guinevere;  Seaward, 
an  Elegy  on  the  Death  of  Thomas  Will 
iam  Parsons;  Gandelfo,  a  tragedy;  and 
Songs  from  Vagabondia,  and  More  Songs 
from  Vagabondia. 

HOW,  SAMUEL  BLANCHARD,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  14,  1790,  in  Burlington,  N.  J.  In  1823 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Independent 
church  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  whence  he  was 
called  in  1830  to  the  presidency  of  Dickin 
son  college,  Pennsylvania.  In  1832  he  be 
came  pastor  of  the  First  Reformed  Dutch 
church  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  continu 
ing  in  this  charge  until  failing  health  in 
duced  his  resignation  in  1861.  He  pub 
lished  a  volume  entitled  Slaveholding  not 
Sinful.  He  died  Feb.  29,  1868,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J. 

HOWARD,  ADA  LYDIA,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1829,  in  Temple, 
N.  H.  In  1875  she  was  elected  the  first 
president  of  Wellesley  college,  resigning 
in  1881  on  account  of  ill-health. 

HOWARD,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  about  1760 
in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Kentucky  from  1807  to  1810 
when  he  was  appointed  governor  of  In 
diana  territory.  He  was  appointed  briga 
dier-general  in  the  United  States  army  in 
1813.  He  was  once  governor  of  Missouri 
territory.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1814,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

HOWARD,  BENJAMIN  CHEW,  soldier, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  5, 
1791,  in  Baltimore  county,  Md.  He  com 
manded  a  volunteer  company  at  the  battle 
of  North  Point  in  1814.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1828;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Maryland  from 
1829  to  1833,  and  again  from  1835  to  1839. 
From  1835  to  1850  he  was  a  general  of 
militia;  was  a  reporter  of  the  decisions 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States 
from  1843  to  1862;  and  was  democratic 
candidate  for  governor  of  Maryland  in 
1861.  He  was  also  a  delegate  to  the  peace 
congress  of  1861.  He  died  March  6,  1872, 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

HOWARD,  BLANCHE  WILLIS,  author, 
was  born  July  21,  1847,  in  Bangor,  Maine. 
She  is  the  author  of  One  Summer;  One 
Year  Abroad;  Aunt  Serena;  Guenn;  Aul- 
nay  Tower;  and  other  works. 

HOWARD,  BRONSON,  dramatist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1842,  in  Detroit, 
Mich.  He  is  a  prominent  dramatist  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Sara 
toga,  produced  in  London  as  Brighton, 
and  in  Berlin  as  Eine  Erste  und  Einzige 
Liebe;  Diamonds;  The  Banker's  Daugh 
ter;  Old  Love  Letters:  Young  Mrs.  Win- 
throp;  One  of  Our  Girls;  The  Henrietta; 
Shenandoah:  Aristocracy;  Moorcroft; 
Hurricanes;  Wives;  Met  by  Chance;  and 
Greenroom  Fun. 

HOWARD,  CHARLES  J.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  26,  1862,  in  Barnes- 
ville,  Ohio.  He  has  served  as  city  solicit 
or  and  member  of  the  school  board  of  his 
native  town.  He  served  with  distinction 
as  a  member  of  the  seventy-second  and 
seventy-third  general  assemblies  of  Ohio. 
HOWARD,  FRANK  T.,  capitalist,  was 
born  May  31,  1855,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 
He  owns  the  celebrated  Quitaque  ranch 
of  160,000  acres  in  the  northern  part  of 
Texas,  and  has  numerous  other  invest 
ments  of  various  kinds. 

HOWARD,  FRED  W.,  poet.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems 
which  have  appeared  in  the  leading  news 
papers  and  magazines  of  Minnesota. 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


HOWARD,  GEORGE,  governor,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  became  acting  gov 
ernor  in  1831;  and  in  1832  was  elected 
governor  of  Maryland,  remaining  in  office 
until  1833. 

HOWARD,  HENRY,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  April  2, 
1826,  in  Cranston,  R.  I.  He  served  a  num 
ber  of  years  in  the  state  legislature;  and 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1872.  In 
1873  he  was  elected  governor  of  Rhode 
Island;  and  was  re-elected  in  1874,  de 
clining  a  renomination  for  1875. 

HOWARD,  JACOB  MERRITT,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman.  United 
States  senator,  author,  was  born  July  10, 
1805,  in  Shaftsbury,  Vt.  In  1838  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Michigan  legislature;  and 
from  1841  to  1843  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Michigan.  In  1854  he  was 
elected  attorney-general  of  the  state; 
twice  re-elected,  serving  in  all  six  years. 
In  1862  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected 
senator  for  the  term  commencing  in  1865 
and  ending  in  1871.  As  an  author  he  pub 
lished,  in  1847,  a  translation  from  the 
French  of  the  Secret  Memoirs  of  the  Em 
press  Josephine.  He  died  April  2,  1871,  in 
Detroit,  Mich. 

HOWARD,  JOHN  EAGER,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
June  4,  1752,  in  Baltimore  county,  Md. 
He  entered  the  army 
in  1776  as  a  captain; 
in  the  following  year 
was  promoted;  and 
finally  succeeded  to 
the  command  of  the 
second  Maryland 
regiment.  In  1787  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
c  o  n  t  i  n  e  n  tal  con 
gress;  in  1788  was 
chosen  governor  of 
Maryland,  and  held 
the  office  three  years; 
ami  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1792. 
He  was  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  Maryland  from  1796  to  1803,  and 
was  president  pro  tern,  of  the  senate  in  the 
sixth  congress.  He  died  Oct.  12,  1827,  in 
Baltimore  county,  Md.  , 

HOWARD,  JONAS  G.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Floyd 
county,  Ind.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  to  the  state  legislature  in  1862,  and 
again  in  1864;  and  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1868,  and  again  in  1876.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses  as 
a  democrat. 

HOWARD,  LELAND  OSSIAN,  entomol 
ogist,  was  born  June  11,  1857,  in  Rockford, 
111.  He  has  been  entomologist  in  the 
United  States  department  of  agriculture; 
lecturer  on  entomology  in  the  George 
town  university;  and  president  of  the 
Biological  society  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

HOWARD,  MILFORD  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  18,  1862,  in  Floyd  county, 
Ga.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and 
fifty-fifth  congresses 
as  a  populist.  While 
tn  congress  he  has 
been  on  numerous 
important  commit 
tees  and  always 
takes  an  active  part 
in  debates  on  all 
bills  which  affect  the 
welfare  of  his  state. 
He  has  contributed 
extensively  to  cur 
rent  publications; 
and  Is  a  successful 
speaker.  While  a  member  of  congress, 
he  was  instrumental  in  the  passage  of 
several  bills  of  importance. 


HOWARD,  NORMAN  DE  VERB,  sol 
dier,  physician,  was  born  March  20,  1842, 
in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  graduated  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  Washing 
ton  university,  and  has  attained  promin 
ence  as  a  successful  physician  and  a 
recognized  expert  in  diseases  of  the  nerv 
ous  system  and  insanity.  For  nine  years 
he  was  superintendent  of  the  St.  Louis 
Insane  asylum;  and  is  now  president  of 
the  medical  examining  board  of  his  dis 
trict  at  Sanford,  Fla.  Dr.  Howard 
served  through  the  war  in  the  confederate 
army.  He  is  a  member  of  various  learned 
societies;  and  of  the  leading  medical  bod 
ies  of  America. 

HOWARD,  OLIVER  OTIS,  soldier,  au 
thor,    was    born    in    November,    1830,    in 
Leagues,    Maine.      In    1850    he   graduated 
^^_^^__^__         from    Bowdoin    col 
lege;     and     in     1854 
jfp*  from     the     military 

academy      at      West 
_  ^-  Point,  and  was  com- 

«'  missioned  lieutenant 
of  Warden,  Mass.  In 
1857  he  became  in 
structor  in  mathe 
matics  at  West  Point 
for  four  years.  He 
is  the  author  of  Don 
ald's  School  Days;  a 
translation  of  Age- 
nor's  Life  of  Count  de  Gasparin;  Chief 
Joseph,  or  the  Nez  Perces  in  Peace  and 
War;  and  Isabella  of  Castile. 

HOWARD,  ROBERT  A.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  a  successful  lawyer  of  Arkansas; 
and  in  1885  he  was  appointed  assistant  at 
torney-general  of  the  United  States  in 
the  department  of  justice  at  Washington, 
D.  C. 

HOWARD,  TILGHMAN  A.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  14,  1797,  near  Pickinsville,  S.  C.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Tennessee 
legislature;  was  a  Jackson  elector  in 
1830;  and  during  that  year  removed  to 
Indiana,  and  was  appointed  district  at 
torney  for  that  state.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Indiana  from 
1839  to  1841;  and  was  appointed  charge 
d'affaires  to  Texas  in  1844.  He  died  Aug. 
16,  1844,  in  Texas. 

HOWARD,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress. 

HOWARD,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1847,  in  Bel 
fast,  Ireland.  In  1853  he  settled  in  Utah. 
In  1865  he  was  ap 
pointed  second-lieu 
tenant  in  the  Nauvoo 
legion,  and  took 
charge  of  a  small 
company  of  men  in 
the  Black  Hawk  In 
dian  war.  In  1870  he 
was  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  Randolph, 
and  filled  various 
other  positions  of 
public  trust.  For  ten 
years  he  was  statis 
tic  correspondent  of  the  United  States  ag 
ricultural  department.  In  1894  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention,  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of 
the  constitution  of  Utah  in  1895.  He  has 
also  served  as  a  United  States  court  com 
missioner.  In  1896  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  of  the  first  Utah  state  legisla 
ture,  and  served  in  that  body  with  dis 
tinction.  He  is  an  able  lawyer  of  Hunt- 
ington,  Utah;  and  in  1896  was  elected 
county  attorney. 


HOWARD,  WILLIAM  ALANSON,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  April  8, 
1813,  in  Hinesburg,  Vt.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Michigan  to  the 
thirty-fourth,  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth 
congresses.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  at  Detroit.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  loyalists'  conven 
tion  of  1866;  and  was  governor  of  Dakota 
from  1878  to  1880.  He  died  April  10,  1880, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HOWARD,  WILLIAM  MARCELLUS, 
lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1857,  in  Berwick 
city,  La.  He  was  elected  solicitor-general 
of  the  northern  judicial  circuit  of  Georgia 
by  the  state  legislature  in  1884;  was  re- 
elected  to  that  office  in  1888  and  in  1892. 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  democrat.  He  has  been  renominat- 
ed  for  a  seat  in  the  fifty-sixth  congress. 

HOWARD,  WILLIAM  WASHINGTON, 
educator,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  19,  1817,  in  England.  He  was 
licensed  as  a  preacher,  became  in  1863 
pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church  in 
Aurora,  N.  Y.,  and  was  chosen  the  first 
president  of  Wells  Female  college  in  that 
place.  He  published  Aids  to  French  Com 
position.  He  died  July  1,  1871,  in  Aurora, 
N.  Y. 

HOWARTH,  MRS.  ELLEN  CLEMEN 
TINE,  poet,  was  born  May  20,  1827,  in 
Cooperstown,  N.  Y.  She  has  published 
The  Wind-Harp,  and  Other  Poems;  and 
Poems,  with  an  introduction  by  Richard 
Watson  Gilder.  Her  best-known  poems 
are  Thou  Wilt  Never  Grow  Old;  and  'Tis 
but  a  Little  Faded  Flower. 

HOWE,  ALBERT  R.,  soldier,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  2, 
1840,  in  Brookfield,  Mass.  He  served  in 
the  forty-seventh  Massachusetts  infantry 
as  sergeant,  lieutenant,  and  acting  adju 
tant,  participating  in  the  campaign  in 
North  Carolina;  was  commissioned  sec 
ond  lieutenant  in  the  fifth  Massachusetts 
cavalry;  promoted  to  be  major,  serving 
in  Virginia  and  Texas  until  November. 
1865.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Mississip 
pi  state  convention  in  1868;  and  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Chicago  national  convention  In 
1868.  He  was  appointed  treasurer  of  Pa- 
nola  county  in  1869;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  in  1870,  1871,  and  1872. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress 
as  a  republican. 

HOWE,  DANIEL  WAIT,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  genealogist,  was  born  Oct.  24, 
1839,  in  Patriot,  Ind.  In  1850  he  removed 
to  Franklin,  and 
graduated  from  the 
scientific  department 
of  the  college  in  that 
city.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served 
as  a  union  soldier  in 
company  H  of  the 
seventh  regiment  In 
diana  volunteer  in 
fantry;  and  after 
ward  as  lieutenant 
and  captain  of  com 
pany  I,  seventy- 
ninth  regiment  Indiana  volunteer  in 
fantry.  He  was  discharged  Nov.  10,  18G4. 
in  consequence  of  wounds  received  in  the 
battle  of  Kennesaw.  In  1867  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  Albany  Law  school;  prac 
ticed  law  in  Franklin,  Ind.;  and  while 
there  was  city  attorney  and  state  prose 
cuting  attorney.  In  1873  he  moved  to 
Indianapolis;  was  judge  of  the  superior 
court  during  1876-90,  since  which  time 
he  has  practiced  his  profession  of  law. 
He  is  vice-president  of  the  Indiana  His 
torical  society;  the  author  of  the  Howe 
Genealogy;  and  one  of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  Indiana. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     KNCYCLOPBDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


503 


HOWE,  EDGAR  WATSON,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  May  3,  1854,  in  Wabash 
county,  Ind.  He  is  a  journalist  of  Atchi- 
son,  Kan.,  editor  of  Tha  Daily  Globe.  His 
first  novel,  The  Story  of  a  Country  Town, 
attracted  much  attention.  Later  stories 
include,  The  Mystery  of  The  Locks;  A 
Moonlight  Boy;  and  A  Man  Story. 

HOWE,  EDWARD,  musician,  composer, 
was  born  in  March,  1820,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  He  has  been  a  teacher  of  music 
in  the  seminary  and  in  the  city  of  New 
York  from  the  first,  and  a  church  organ 
ist.  He  has  been  the  organist  in  the 
Church  of  the  Messiah  the  last  twenty- 
three  years.  He  has  published  pieces  of 
music,  contributed  anthems  and  tunes 
for  church  service  to  The  Church  and 
Home,  and  other  similar  publications. 

HOWE,  ELIAS,  inventor,  was  born  July 
9,  1819,  in  Spencer,  Mass.  He  was  the  in 
ventor  of  the  sewing  machine,  for  which 
he  obtained  a  patent  in  1846.  His  in 
vention  enabled  him  to  amass  a  fortune. 
He  died  Oct.  3,  1867,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HOWE,  EPHRAIM  D.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  April  4,  1842,  in  Marlborough, 
Mass.  He  served  one  year  in  the  union 
army  as  a  private  in  company  R,  fifth  reg 
iment  Massachusetts  volunteer  infantry, 
and  was  in  the  battles  of  Kingston,  Whit- 
hall,  Goldsborough  and  Gum  Swamp. 
After  the  war  he  entered  Tufts  college 
and  graduated  in  1867.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Gardner, 
Mass.  He  has  been  justice  of  the  peace, 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic,  and  has  filled  various 
public  positions  of  trust  in  his  county  and 
state. 

HOWE,  FISHER,  philanthropist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1798  in  Rochester,  Vt. 
He  was  a  philanthropist  of  Brooklyn,  and 
the  author  of  Oriental  and  Sacred  Scenes; 
and  The  True  Site  of  Calvary.  He  died 
Oct.  7,  1871,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HOWE,  FREDERIC  CLEMSON,  author, 
was  born  in  1867  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is 
the  author  of  Taxation  and  Taxes  in  the 
United  States  under  the  Internal  Revenue 
System  in  1791-1895. 

HOWE,  GEORGE,  educator,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1802  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman, 
professor  of  biblical  literature  in  the  the 
ological  seminary  at  Columbia,  S.  C.,  in 
1831.  He  is  the  author  of  Theological  Ed 
ucation;  and  History  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  South  Carolina.  He  died  in 
1883. 

HOWE,  HENRY,  compiler,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  11,  1816,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  is  an  historical  writer  and  compiler  of 
Cincinnati,  and  the  author  of  Historical 
Collections  of  New  Jersey  (with  J.  W. 
Barber);  Our  Whole  Country;  The  Great 
West;  Historical  Collections  of  Virginia 
and  Ohio;  Over  the  World;  Adventures 
and  Achievements  of  Americans;  and 
Times  of  the  Rebellion  in  the  West. 

HOWE,  HENRY  MARION,  metallurgist, 
author,  was  born  March  2,  1848,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  a  metallurgist  who  has 
published  The  Metallurgy  of  Steel;  and 
Copper  Smelting. 

HOWE,  HERBERT  ALONZO,  educator, 
astronomer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  22, 
1858,  in  Brockport,  N.  Y.  Since  1881  he 
has  been  professor  of  mathematics  and 
astronomy  in  the  university  of  Denver. 
He  is  also  director  of  the  Chamberlin  ob 
servatory,  and  the  author  of  A  Study  of 
the  Sky;  and  Elements  of  Descriptive  As 
tronomy. 

HOWE,  JAMES  H.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Maine.  In  1873  he  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  western  dis 
trict  of  Wisconsin,  residing  in  Kenosha. 


HOWE,    JAMES     R.,   merchant,    legis 
lator,    congressman,     was   born   Jan.    27, 
1839,   in   New   York   city.     His  ancestors 
were  among  the  early 
settlers  of  New  Eng- 
1  a  n  d.       From      his 
youth  up  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  dry- 
goods     business;     is 
^^        trustee  in  a  number 
of  public  institutions 
in    the   city,    and    is 
rfr^      vice-president  of  the 
:.         __loS8i    Amphion         Musical 
':'       I    society  and  a  mem 
ber     of     the     Union 
League  club.    He  was 

elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  republican.  He  has  taken 
a  prominent  part  in  the  deliberations  of 
congress.  He  introduced  an  amendment 
to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
making  it  possible  for  a  uniform  marriage 
and  divorce  law;  and  also  advocated  a 
national  bankrupt  law,  and  the  creation 
of  a  labor  commission  bill.  He  has  also 
spoken  on  the  Armenian  outrages,  Cuba, 
the  emergency  bond  bill,  and  pensions. 

HOWE,  JOHN  BADLAM,  author,  was 
born  March  3,  1813,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  the  author  of  Monetary  and  Indus 
trial  Fallacies;  Mono-Metallism  and  Bi- 
Metallism;  The  Political  Economy  of  Great 
Britain,  the  United  States,  and  France  in 
the  Use  of  Money;  The  Common  Sense 
of  Money;  and  Replies  to  Criticisms.  He 
died  Jan.  22,  1882,  in  Lima,  Ind. 

HOWE,  JOHN  W.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Hampshire.  Having  settled 
in  Pennsylvania,  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1849  to  1853. 

HOWE,  MRS.  JULIA  WARD,  philan 
thropist,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  27, 
1819,  in  New  York  city.  She  is  a  writer  of 
Boston,  long  prominent  in  philanthropic 
movements,  and  as  a  lecturer  upon  the 
enfranchisement  of  women.  The  Battle 
Hymn  of  the  Republic  is  her  finest  effort. 
Her  writings  include,  Passion  Flowers; 
Words  for  the  Hour;  The  World's  Own;  A 
Trip  to  Cuba;  From  the  Oak  to  the  Olive; 
Later  Lyrics;  Sex  and  Education;  Memoir 
of  S.  G.  Howe;  Modern  Society;  Life 
of  Margaret  Fuller;  Is  Polite  Society  Po 
lite?  and  Other  Essays. 

HOWE,  MARK  ANTONY  DE  WOLFE, 
bishop,  author,  was  born  April  5,  1809,  in 
Bristol,  R.  I.  He  was  the  first  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of  central  Pennsylvania, 
and  the  author  of  Domestic  Slavery,  a  Re 
ply  to  Bishop  Hopkins;  and  Life  of  Alon- 
zo  Potter.  He  died  in  1895. 

HOWE,  MARY  E.,  poet,  was  born  June 
26,  1831,  in  Painesville,  Ohio.  In  1849  she 
received  a  prize  for  a  composition  of  prose 
and  poetry  at  the  Painesville  academy; 
has  ever  since  contributed  extensively  to 
the  periodical  press,  and  her  poems  have 
received  recognition  in  several  standard 
works. 

HOWE,  ROBERT,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1732,  in  Brunswick  county,  N.  C.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  revo 
lutionary  war,  and  was  promoted  briga 
dier-general.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1785,  in 
Brunswick  county,  N.  C. 

HOWE,  SAMUEL  GRIDLEY,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1801, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Boston,  the  first  superintendent  of  the 
Perkins  Institution  for  the  Blind,  and  a 
man  of  prominence  in  the  anti-slavery 
movement.  He  was  the  author  of  Reader 
for  the  Blind;  and  Historical  Sketch  of 
the  Greek  Revolution.  He  died  Jan.  9, 
1876,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


HOWE,  THOMAS  M.,  banker,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Vermont.  He  settled 
in  Pennsylvania;  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  1851  to  1855,  and 
was  for  many  years  cashier,  and  then 
president,  of  the  Exchange  bank  of  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa. 

HOWE,  THOMAS  Y.,  JR.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1851  to  1853. 

HOWE,  TIMOTHY  OTIS,  postmaster- 
general,  state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  17, 
1816,  in  Livermore,  Maine.  In  1845  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Maine  legis 
lature;  in  1850  was  elected  circuit  judge; 
in  1861  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Wisconsin;  and  in  1881  was  ap 
pointed  postmaster-general.  He  died 
March  25,  1883,  in  Wisconsin. 

HOWE,  VOLNEY  E.,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  about  1808,  in 
Norridgewock,  Maine.  He  moved  to  Mis 
sissippi;  and  there  distinguished  himself 
as  a  journalist.  He  subsequently  emi 
grated  to  Texas  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1853.  He  died  May  14,  1889,  in 
Santa  Monica,  Cal. 

HOWE,  WILLIAM  BELL  WHITE,  bish 
op,  was  born  March  21,  1823,  in  Claremont, 
N.  H.  He  was  consecrated  assistant  bish 
op  of  South  Carolina  in  1871,  becoming 
the  sixth  bishop  of  the  diocese  in  Decem 
ber  of  the  same  year. 

HOWE,  WILLIAM  WIRT,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  in  1833,  in 
Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  union  army  and  attained  the  rank  of 
major.  In  1865  he  began  the  practice  of 
law  In  New  Orleans;  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  chief  criminal  court  of  that 
city  in  1867;  and  was  promoted  to  the  su 
preme  court  of  Louisiana  in  1868.  Among 
his  printed  works  are  A  Municipal  His 
tory  of  New  Orleans;  and  studies  in  the 
civil  law. 

HOWELL,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1827,  in 
Covert,  N.  Y.  In  1858  he  was  elected  cir 
cuit  court  commissioner  of  Lenawee  coun 
ty,  Mich.,  and  served  three  terms.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  senate 
in  1865  and  in  1867;  and  was  circuit  judge 
during  1882-87.  He  is  the  author  of  How- 
ell's  Annotated  Statutes  of  Michigan,  and 
other  law  works. 

HOWELL,  BENJAMIN  F.,  soldier,  ban 
ker,  congressman,  was  born  January,  1844, 
in  Cumberland  county,  N.  J.  He  was 
elected  surrogate  of  Middlesex  county,  N. 
J.,  and  was  re-elected  in  1887  for  a  second 
term.  He  is  president  of  the  People's  Na 
tional  bank  of  New  Brunswick.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

HOWELL,  CLARK,  journalist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1863,  in 
Barnwell  district,  S.  C.  He  is  the  man 
aging  editor  of  the  Atlanta  Constitution, 
having  succeeded  Henry  W.  Grady  to  that 
position  in  1897.  In  1886  he  was  elected  to 
the  Georgia  legislature;  was  re-elected  in 
1888  and  in  1890. 

HOWELL,  DAVID,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1747,  in 
New  Jersey.  He  was  appointed  profes 
sor  of  natural  philosophy  and  mathemat 
ics  in  1796;  and  from  1790  to  1824  was 
professor  of  law  in  Brown  university.  He 
was  for  some  time  attorney-general  of 
Rhode  Island,  and  judge  of  the  supreme 
court.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continen 
tal  congress  from  1782  to  1785.  He  was 
subsequently  district  attorney;  and  from 
1812  to  his  death  was  district  judge  for 
Rhode  Island.  He  died  July  29,  1826,  in 
Providence,  R.  I. 


504 


HERRINQBHAW8     KNOYCLOPKIMA    OF    AMKRICAN    BIOORAl'H  V. 


HOWELL.  EDWARD,  congressman.  HP 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assem 
bly  in  1832:  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1833  to  1835. 

HOWELL.  ELIAS.  congressman,  was 
born  in.  New  Jersey.  Having  taken 
up  his  residence  in  Ohio,  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1835  to  1837. 

HOWELL.  EUGENE,  legislator,  was 
born  in  I860  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  He 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  ele\enth  session  of  the  Nevada  state 
legislature;  is  the  state  librarian;  and 
in  1896  became  secretary  of  state  of  Ne 
vada.  He  has  been  superintendent  of  the 
Bristol  Mining  company  of  Nevada;  and 
general  superintendent  of  other  Nevada 
mining  companies. 

HOWEU.,.  GEORGE  ROGERS,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  June  15. 
1833,  in  Southampton,  N.  Y.  He  published 
several  papers  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
Albany  Institute,  including  Linguistic  Dis 
cussions;  The  Open  Polar  Sea;  and  Her 
aldry  in  America. 

HOWEU.,  JAMES  1!..  lawyer,  journal 
ist.  United  States  senator,  was  born  July 
4,  1816,  near  Morristown.  N.  J.  Remov 
ing  to  Kcokuk  in  1849,  he  started  the 
Daily  Whig,  afterwards  the  Daily  Gate 
City.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  or 
ganizing  the  republican  party  in  Iowa  in 
1855  and  1856;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Fremont  convention  in  1856.  He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  to 
fill  a  \acancy.  He  died  June  17,  1880,  in 
Keoktik.  Iowa. 

HOWELL,  JASON  W.,  educator,  lawyer. 
was  born  Aug.  29,  1849,  near  Blountsville, 
Ind.  For  thirteen  years  in  succession  he 
was  engaged  in  educational  work.  In 
1879  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and  was 
elected  city  attorney  of  Paris,  111.,  four 
times  in  succession  during  1887-95. 

HOWELL,  JEREMIAH  BROWN.  Unit 
ed  States  senator,  was  born  in  1772  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  a  senator  in 
vongress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1811 
to  1817.  He  died  in  November.  1822,  in 
Providence,  R.  I. 

HOWELL,  JOHN  ADAMS,  naval  officer, 
inventor,  was  born  March  16,  1840,  in 
New  York.  He  became  a  lieutenant  in 
1861;  lieutenant-commander  in  1865;  and 
commander  in  1872.  He  is  the  inventor 
of  a  torpedo  which  naval  officers  regard 
as  probably  superior  to  any  other  in  use. 
HOWELL,  MARY  SEYMOUR,  reform 
er,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  29, 
1850,  in  Mount  Morris,  N.  Y.  She  re- 
ceived  a  classical  ed 
ucation,  and  has  de- 
voted  much  time  to 
""'  educational  in 
terests  of  New  York. 
At  one  time  she  was 
conductor  of  teach 
ers'  institutes,  and 
for  se\eral  years  an 
examiner  of  the 
higher  branches  un 
der  the  regents  of 
the  university.  She 
has  delivered  many 
historical  and  literary  lectures,  and  has 
done  much  work  for  the  cause  of  temper 
ance.  She  has  repeatedly  pleaded  the 
cause  of  woman  before  the  committees  of 
state  legislatures,  and  of  congress;  and 
is  the  only  woman  ever  asked  to  speak 
before  the  house  of  representatives  of 
Connecticut.  She  is  the  president  of  the 
National  American  Woman's  Suffrage  as 
sociation;  National  Lecturer  for  the  Wo 
man's  Christian  Temperance  union;  and 
has  filled  various  positions  in  the  cause 
of  temperance  and  reform. 


HOWELL,  NATHANIEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1770.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1813  to  1815.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1851,  in 
Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 

HOWELL.  REDNAP,  educator,  author, 
poet.  He  composed  many  patriotic  songs. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  pamphlet  entitled 
A  Fan  for  Fanning,  and  a  Touch  for 
Try  on. 

HOWELL,  RICHARD,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  in  1753  in  New 
ark.  Del.  In  1775  he  was  appointed  cap 
tain  of  the  second  New  Jersey  regiment. 
He  distinguished  himself  at  Quebec;  was 
promoted  to  major  in  1776.  and  command 
ed  his  regiment  until  1779.  He  was  gov 
ernor  from  1794  to  1801.  He  died  April  28 
1802.  in  Trenton,  N  J. 

HOWELL.  ROBERT  BOYTE  CUAW 
FORD,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
March  10,  1801.  in  Wayne  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  a  once  noted  baptist  clergyman 
of  Nashville;  and  the  author  of  Terms  of 
Sacramental  Communion;  The  Way  of 
Salvation;  Evils  of  Infant  Baptism:  The 
Cross;  The  Covenant;  and  Early  Bap 
tists  of  Virginia.  He  died  April  5.  1868,  in 
Nashville.  Trim. 

HOWELL.  WILLIAM  F..  lawyer,  jurist. 
was  born  in  Michigan.  He  removed  to 
New  York,  from  which  state  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  United 
.States  court  for  the  territory  of  Arizona. 

HOWELLS.  WILLIAM  COOPER,  au- 
ibor.  was  born  in  1807,  in  Wales.  He  was 
the  author  of  Life  in  Ohio  from  1813  to 
1840.  He  died  in  1894. 

HOWELLS.  WILLIAM  DEAN.  was 
born  .March  1,  1837.  in  Martin's  Ferry. 
Ohio.  In  I860  he  published  with  J.  J. 
Piatt,  Poems  of  Two  Friends.  In  the  same 
year  he  wrote  a  Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
and  from  1861-65  was  consul  at  Venice. 
Venetian  Life,  and  Italian  Journeys,  date 
from  this  portion  of  his  career.  From 
1872-81  he  was  editor  of  The  Atlantic 
Monthly,  and  since  then  has  devoted  his 
time  wholly  to  literature  in  Boston  and 
New  York.  His  writings  since  1869  in 
clude:  The  Day  of  Their  Wedding;  At 
the  Sign  of  the  Lion's  Head:  No  Love 
Lost;  Suburban  Sketches;  Their  Wedding 
Journey;  A  Chance  Acquaintance:  A 
Foregone  Conclusion;  The  Lady  of  the 
Aroostook;  The  Undiscovered  Country;  A 
Modern  Instance;  A  Woman's  Reason; 
The  Minister's  Charge;  Indian  Summer; 
A  Fearful  Responsibility,  and  Other  Stor 
ies;  Doctor  Breen's  Practice;  The  Rise  of 
Silas  Lapham;  April  Hopes;  Annie  Kil- 
burn;  A  Hazard  of  New  Fortunes;  The 
Shadow  of  a  Dream;  An  Imperative  Duty: 
The  Quality  of  Mercy;  The  World  of 
Chance;  The  Coast  of  Bohemia;  A  Trav 
eler  from  Altruria;  Christmas  Every  Day, 
and  Other  Stories  for  Children;  A  Parting 
and  a  Meeting;  The  Sleeping-Car  and 
Other  Farces;  The  Mouse-Trap,'  and 
Other  Farces;  Out  of  the  Question,  a  com 
edy;  A  Counterfeit  Presentment,  a  com 
edy;  A  Sea  Change,  or  Lo\e's  Stowaway; 
Poems;  Stops  from  Various  Quills,  a 
book  of  \erse.  Among  miscellaneous  writ 
ings  of  his  are,  Three  Villages  (Shirley, 
Lexington,  Gnadenhiitten) ;  Modern  Ital 
ian  Poets;  A  Boy's  Town;  Tuscan  Cities; 
My  Year  in  a  Log  Cabin;  Criticism  and 
Fiction;  and  My  Literary  Passions. 

HOWEY,  BENJAMIN  F.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was 
born  March  17,  1828,  in  Pleasant  Mead 
ows,  N.  J.  He  was  a  captain  in  the  union 
army  in  1862  and  1863;  and  was  elected 
sheriff  in  1878.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  as  a  republican. 


HOWISON,  GEORGE  HOLMES,  math 
ematician,  author,  was  born  in  1834  in 
Maryland.  He  is  a  mathematician  who 
has  published  a  Treatise  on  Analytic  Geo 
metry. 

HOWISON,  ROBERT  REID,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1820  in  Virginia.  He  is 
a  lawyer  of  Richmond;  and  the  author  of 
History  of  Virginia;  History  of  the  Amer 
ican  Civil  War;  Fredericksburg;  Lives  of 
Generals  Morgan,  Marion,  Gates;  and  God 
and  Creation. 

HOWK.  GEORGE  VAIL,  jurist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1824,  in  Char- 
lestown,  Ind.  In  1857  he  was  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas  of  Floyd  coun 
ty;  in  1863  he  represented  that  county  in 
the  house,  and  from  1866  to  1870  he  rep 
resented  Floyd  and  Clarke  counties  in 
the  senate  of  Indiana.  He  was  chosen  one 
of  the  supreme  judges  of  Indiana  at  the 
genrral  state  election  in  October,  1876. 

HOWLAND,  BENJAMIN,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1756  in  Tiverton,  R. 
I.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1804  to  1809.  He  died  May 
9.  1821.  in  Tiverton.  R.  I. 

HOWLAND.  E.  HARRIS,  merchant, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1846, 
in  Brookfleld,  Mass.  In  1872  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state 
legislature;  and  since  1868  he  has  served 
as  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  Spencer,  Mass. 

HOWLAND.  GEORGE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1824  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  an  educator  of  Illinois,  president  of 
the  state  board  of  education  in  1882;  and 
the  author  of  Grammar  of  the  English 
Language;  Little  Voices,  a  book  of  verse; 
an  hexameter  translation  of  the  JEneld; 
and  Practical  Hints  for  the  Teachers  of 
Public  Schools. 

HOWLAND,  JOHN,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  31,  1757,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was 
for  twenty-one  years  president  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Historical  society,  and  was 
skilled  in  the  history  and  antiquities  of 
Plymouth  colony.  He  was  the  author  of 
addresses,  orations  and  historical  papers. 
He  died  Nov.  5,  1854,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

HOWLEY,  RICHARD,  congressman, 
was  born  about  1740  in  Liberty  county, 
Ga.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Georgia  to 
the  continental  congress  from  1780  to 
1781.  He  died  about  1790. 

HOWRY,  CHARLES  B.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  14,  1845,  in  Ox 
ford,  Miss.  He  served  In  the  civil  war. 
and  attained  the  rank  of  captain;  from 
1880-82  was  elected  to  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  during  Cleveland's  administra 
tion  he  was  elected  United  States  district 
attorney  from  the  northern  district  of 
Mississippi. 

HOWS,  JOHN  AUGUSTUS,  journalist. 
artist,  was  born  in  1831  in  New  York 
city.  He  devoted  much  attention  to  wood- 
engraving,  furnishing  successful  illustra 
tions  for  Appleton's  Journal;  The  Aldine; 
Bryant's  Forest  Hymn,  the  first  attempt 
to  illustrate  an  American  ^lume  with 
woodcuts:  Forest  Pictures  in  the  Adiron- 
dacks,  with  original  verses  by  Alfred  B. 
Street;  and  other  books.  He  died  Sept  L'7, 
1874,  in  New  York  city. 

HOWS,  JOHN  WILLIAM  STANHOPE, 
educator,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in 
1797  in  England.  He  was  a  journalist  and 
educator  of  New  York  city  who  published 
The  Practical  Elocutionist,  and  edited  a 
number  of  school  books.  He  died  July  27 
1871,  in  New  York  city. 

HOXIE,  MRS.  MAUD  ANNA  MAUDE, 
poet.  She  has  attained  success  as  a  noted 
lecturer;  and  is  the  author  of  a  number 
of  poems. 


HKRH1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


505 


HOXIE.  MRS.  V1NNIE  REAM,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1846,  in  Madison, 
Wis.  She  has  executed  statues  of  Spur- 
geon,  Lincoln,  Farragut,  and  had  several 
works  on  exhibition  at  the  World's  Co 
lumbian  exposition. 

HOYNE,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  11,  1817,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
appointed  United  States  district  attorney 
for  Illinois  in  1853,  and  in  1859  was  made 
United  States  marshal  for  the  northern 
district  of  Illinois.  After  the  great  fire 
of  1871  he  presided  at  a  meeting  to  or 
ganize  the  free  public  library  of  Chicago, 
and  was  president  of  its  first  board  of 
directors.  In  1877  he  prepared  a  history 
of  the  library  up  to  that  date.  He  died 
July  27,  1883,  near  Carleton  Station,  N.  Y. 

HOYT.  ALBERT  HARRISON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
6,  1826.  in  Sandwich,  N.  H.  He  was  a 
paymaster  in  the  army  in  1862-66,  with 
the  rank  of  major,  and  was  brevetted 
lieutenant-colonel  in  1865.  Since  1866  he 
has  resided  principally  in  Boston,  where 
he  has  been  engaged  in  business  and  lit 
erary  pursuits.  He  edited  the  New  Eng 
land  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register 
from  1868  till  1876,  and  the  fourth  volume 
of  the  Memorial  Biographies.  He  has 
also  published  numerous  papers  on  his 
torical  genealogical  subjects. 

HOYT.  BENJAMIN  THOMAS,  educa 
tor,  journalist,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1820,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  1858  he  was  professor 
of  Latin  in  Indiana  Asbury  university  till 
1863;  and  then  of  literature  and  history 
in  the  same  college  till  his  death.  He 
died  May  24,  1867.  in  Greencastle,  Ind. 

HOYT.  ELIZABETH  ORPHA.  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1834,  in  Athens. 
Ga.  From  1851  till  1853  she  taught  higher 
mathematics  and  metaphysics  in  Worth- 
ington  Female  seminary.  She  has  pub 
lished  a  volume  entitled  The  Nature  of 
Consciousness. 

HOYT,  MRS.  KLLEN,  poet.  She  is  a 
•writer  of  Gallon,  Ohio,  her  poems  ap 
pearing  in  the  local  press  generally. 

HOYT,  EPAPHRAS,  soldier,  author, 
•was  born  Dec.  31,  1765,  in  Deerfield,  Mass. 
He  was  a  major-general  of  the  Massachu 
setts  militia,  who  lived  in  Deerfield;  and 
the  author  of  Treatise  on  the  Military 
Art;  Military  Instructions;  Cavalry  Dis 
cipline;  and  Antiquarian  Researches.  He 
died  Feb.  8,  1850,  in  Deerfield,  Mass. 

HOYT,  FRANCIS  SOUTHACK,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  5,  1822,  in  Lyndon,  Vt.  From 
1854  till  I860  he  was  president  of  Willa 
mette  university  of  Salem,  Ore.;  and 
from  1865  till  1872  was  professor  of  bibli- 
<-al  theology  and  literature  in  Ohio  Wes- 
leyan  university.  In  1872-81  he  edited  the 
Western  Christian  Advocate.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  general  conferences  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church  in  1860,  1876, 
1880,  and  1884,  and  since  1884  has  held  the 
office  of  presiding  elder.  He  has  edited  a 
revised  edition  of  Angus's  Bible  Hand- 
Book. 

HOYT,  HENRY  MARTYN,  lawyer,  gov 
ernor,  author,  was  born  June  8,  1830,  in 
Kingston.  Pa.  He  was  a  Pennsylvania 
lawyer;  governor  of  his  state  in  1878-83; 
and  the  author  of  Controversy  between 
Connecticut  and  Pennsylvania;  and  Pro 
tection  versus  Free  Trade.  He  died  in 
1892. 

HOYT,  JOHN  P.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  go\  ernor,  was  born 
Oct.  6,  1841,  in  Austinburg,  Ohio.  He 
served  in  the  union  army  during  the 
greater  part  of  the  civil  war.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  Michigan  legisla 


ture  in  1873  and  1875;  and  was  speaker 
the  latter  term.  In  1876  he  was  appointed 
secretary  of  Arizona  territory,  and  in  1877 
became  governor  of  that  territory.  In  1878 
he  was  tendered  the  appointment  of  gov 
ernor  of  Idaho  territory,  but  declined  it; 
and  in  1879  was  appointed  an  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Washington 
territory,  and  was  reappointed  in  1883. 
At  the  first  election  under  the  state  con 
stitution  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court,  and  is  now  serving  as  chief 
justice. 

HOYT,  JOHN  WESLEY,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1831,  near  Worth- 
ington,  Ohio.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  railroad  commissioners  of  the 
state  of  Wisconsin;  and  in  1878  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  the  territory  of  Wyo- 
milig  for  the  term  of  four  years.  He  was 
the  author  of  Resources  and  Progress  of 
Wisconsin;  and  Resources  and  Progress 
of  Wyoming.  He  died  in  1892. 

HOYT,  JOSEPH  GIBSON,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1815,  In  Dunbar- 
ton,  N.  H.  He  was  instructor  of  mathe 
matics  and  natural  philosophy  in  Phillips 
Exeter  academy  in  1840-58;  and  chancel 
lor  and  professor  of  Greek  of  Washington 
university  in  St.  Louis  in  1859-62.  He 
wrote  revised  edition  of  Cotton's  Greek 
Reader;  and  Miscellaneous  Writings,  Ad 
dresses,  Lectures  and  Reviews.  He  died 
Nov.  26,  1862,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

HOYT,  MARK,  merchant,  was  born 
May  5,  1835,  in  Stamford,  Conn.  In  1868 
Mr.  Hoyt  engaged  in  the  brokerage  busi- 

ness  under  the  name 

of  Mark  Hoyt  and 
Company,  but  re 
linquished  this  in 
1870  to  return  to  the 
firm  of  Hoyt  Broth 
ers,  of  which  he  is 
now  the  head.  He 
was  the  leading  spir 
it  in  the  organiza 
tion  of  the  United 
States  Leather  com 
pany,  which  is  a  con 
solidation  of  the 
chief  tanning  interests  of  the  country  for 
a  continuation  of  the  business.  It  is  be 
lieved  that  in  actual  value  of  its  proper 
ties,  this  company  is  superior  to  any 
other  in  the  United  States.  He  became  its 
first  vice-president  upon  incorporation  in 
May,  1893. 

HOYT,  RALPH,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  April  18,  1806,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  The  Chant  of  Life, 
and  Other  Poems;  Echoes  of  Memory  and 
Emotion;  and  Sketches  of  Life  and  Land 
scape.  He  died  Oct.  11,  1878,  in  New  York 
city. 

HOYT,  THOMAS  ROWELL,  civil  en 
gineer,  manufacturer,  poet,  was  born  Oct. 
21,  1811,  in  Goffstown,  N.  H.  He  is  a 
noted  civil  engineer  and  a  manufacturer  of 
mathematical  instruments  in  his  native 
city.  He  has  published  a  volume  of  po 
ems  ^entitled  Hoyt's  Harp. 

HOYT,  WAYLAND,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  18,  1838,  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Brooklyn,  Minneapolis  and  Phila 
delphia,  and  is  the  author  of  Hints  and 
Helps  for  the  Christian  Life;  Present 
Lessons  from  Distant  Days;  Gleams  from 
Paul's  Prison;  The  Brook  in  the  Way; 
Saturday  Afternoon;  and  Light  on  Life's 
Highway. 

HUBARD,  EDMUND  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1-841  to  1847. 


HUBBARD,  ASAHEL  WHEELER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1819,  in  Haddam,  Conn. 
In  1847  he  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  leg 
islature,  and  served  three  years.  In  1857  he 
removed  to  Iowa,  and  was  chosen  judge  of 
the  fourth  judicial  district  of  that  state. 
In  1862  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Iowa  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  and  for 
tieth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He 
died  Sept.  22,  1879.  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
HUBBARD,  AVORY  DUVAL,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1864, 
in  Allen  county,  Kas.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  common  schools  of  his  coun 
ty;  and  attended  a  course  at  the  acad 
emy.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Western  Patriot;  the  author  of  Between 
Love  and  Duty;  Stories  of  the  Mexican 
War;  and  other  works. 

HUBBARD,  BELA,  lawyer,  geologist, 
author,  was  born  April  23,  1814,  in  Ham 
ilton,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  prominent  lawyer 
and  geologist  of  Detroit;  and  the  author 
of  Memorials  of  a  Half  Century;  and  An 
cient  Garden  Beds  of  Michigan.  He  died 
in  1896. 

HUBBARD,  CHARLES  S.,  legislator, 
was  born  Sept.  1,  1829,  in  Milton,  Ind.  For 
four  years  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
Indiana  legislature  from  Henry  county. 
He  has  formed  over  fifteen  thousand 
Bands  of  Mercy  with  a  total  membership 
of  one  million. 

HUBBARD,  CHESTER  D.,  merchant, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  25, 
1814,  in  Hamden,  Conn.  In  1852-53  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  legislature.  He 
sen  ed  one  term  in  the  senate  of  West 
Virginia  after  its  organization;  and  was 
the  commissioner  from  West  Virginia  to 
the  Soldiers'  National  cemetery.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress  and  re-elected 
to  the  fortieth  congress  as  a  republican. 
HUBBARD,  DAVID,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1806  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Alabama 
from  1839  to  1841,  and  for  a  second  term 
from  1849  to  1851. 

HUBBARD,  DEMAS,  JR.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  17, 
1806,  in  Winfield,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  many 
years  supervisor  of  Chenango  county,  and 
four  years  chairman  of  the  board.  From 
1838  to  1840  he  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature;  and  in  1864  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress.  He  died  Sept.  2, 
1873,  in  Smyrna,  N.  Y. 

HUBBARD,  ELBERT,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1856  in  Illinois.  He  is  a 
litterateur  of  East  Aurora,  N.  Y.,  and  edi 
tor  of  The  Philistine.  He  is  the  author  of 
No  Enemy  but  Himself;  Little  Journeys; 
The  Legacy,  a  novel;  Forbes  of  Harvard; 
and  One  Day,  a  Tale  of  the  Prairies. 

HUBBARD,  FRANK  W.,  banker,  was 
born  April  Ifi,  1863,  in  Port  Huron,  Mich. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  West 
Middle  school,  the 
Hartford  High 
school,  and  Harri- 
man's  Business  col 
lege  of  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  has  at 
tained  success  in  the 
financial  world,  and 
has  been  president  of 
the  following  banks: 
Frank  W.  Hubbard 
and  Company,  of  Bad 
Axe;  the  Sandusky 
bank  of  Sanilac  Cen 
ter;  the  Farmers'  bank  of  Pigeon;  Seve- 
waing  bank;  the  Pincoing  bank  of  Ohio; 
and  a  director  in  the  Second  National 
bank  of  Sandusky. 


506 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


HUBBARD,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  governor,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  May  3,  1784,  in  Charles- 
town,  N.  H.  He  was 
frequently  a  member 
of  the  state  legisla 
ture,  and  for  some 
years  speaker  of  the 
house;  and  was 
judge  of  probate  for 
Sullivan  county 
from  1827  to  1829.  He 
was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1829 
to  1835,  and  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  from 
1835  to  1841;  was 

governor  of  New  Hampshire  In  1842  and 
1843;  and  from  1846  to  1849  was  United 
States  assistant  treasurer  in  Boston.  For 
a  part  of  the  time  during  the  twenty- 
eighth  congress  he  acted  as  speaker  of 
the  house  of  representatives.  He  died 
June  5,  1857,  in  Charlestown,  N.  H. 

HUBBARD,  J.  LORENZO,  merchant, 
was  born  Nov.  20,  1853.  in  New  Mexico. 
In  1885-86  he  was  sheriff  of  Apache  coun 
ty,  Arizona  territory;  in  3893  was  a 
member  of  the  territorial  council;  and  in 
1896  was  alternate  to  the  national  repub 
lican  convention.  He  is  a  successful  mer 
chant  and  Indian  trader  of  Ganado,  Ari 
zona  territory. 

HUBBARD,  JOEL  D.,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1860,  near 
Marshall,  Mo.  He  was  elected  county 
clerk  in  that  year  and  re-elected  in  1890; 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress 
as  a  republican  from  Missouri. 

HUBBARD,  JOHN,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1759,  in 
Townsend,  Mass.  From  1804  until  his 
death  he  was  professor  of  mathematics 
and  natural  philosophy  at  Dartmouth.  He 
published  an  Oration,  delivered  July  4, 
1799;  The  Rudiments  of  Geography;  The 
American  Reader;  and  an  Essay  on  Mu 
sic.  He  died  in  1810,  in  Hanover,  N.  H. 

HUBBARD,  JOHN,  educator,  state  sen 
ator,  governor,  was  born  March  22,  1794, 
in  Readville,  Maine.  He  removed  to  Hal- 
lowell  in  1830;  was  state  senator  in  1842 
and  1843;  and  governor  of  Maine  from 
1850  to  1853.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1869,  in  Hal- 
lowell.  Maine. 

HUBBARD,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1805,  in  Salisbury, 
Conn.  For  five  years  he  was  attorney  for 
the  county  of  Litchfleld;  and  was  twice 
elected  to  the  state  senate.  In  1863  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress. 

HUBBARD,  JONATHAN  H.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1768,  in 
Windsor,  Vt.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1809  to  1811;  and  for  many 
years  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Vermont.  He  died  Sept. 
20,  1849,  in  Windsor,  Vt. 

HUBBARD,  JOSEPH  STILLMAN,  as 
tronomer,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1823,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  In  November,  1848,  he  pre 
sented  to  the  Smithsonian  institution  tin- 
zodiacs  of  Vesta.  Asliva.  lleli.'.  Klora,  and 
Metis.  He  died  Aug.  16,  1863,  in  New  Ha 
ven,  Conn. 

HUHHAHD.  LKVKKETT  MAUSDKN. 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  April  23,  1849,  in 
Durham,  Conn.  He  was  a  judge  of  the 
borough  court  of  Wallingford,  Conn.;  and 
secretary  of  state  for  Connecticut  in  1887- 
88.  He  is  prominent  in  financial  affairs; 
and  president  of  the  Dime  Savings  bank 
of  his  city. 


unteer    infantry. 


HUBBARD,  LEVI,  state  senator,  public 
official,  congressman.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1804 
and  1805;  a  state  senator  in  1806,  1807, 
1811,  and  1816;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1813 
to  1815.  For  some  years  he  was  county 
treasurer;  a  state  counselor  in  1829;  and 
a  presidential  elector  in  1820  and  1828. 

HUBBARD,  LUCIUS  FREDERICK,  sol 
dier,  railroad  president,  governor,  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1836,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  In  his 
youth  he  learned  the 
tinner's  trade.  In 
1854  he  moved  to 
Chicago,  and  there 
worked  at  that  trade 
for  three  years.  In 
1857  he  moved  to 
Red  Wing,  Minn., 
and  founded  the  Red 
Wing  Republican.  He 
served  with  distinc 
tion  during  the  civil 
war  in  company  A, 
fifth  Minnesota  vol- 

,.  He  was  rapidly  pro 
moted  and  became  brigadier-general.  In 
1866  General  Hubbard  entered  the  grain 
and  flouring  business;  and  ten  years 
later  commenced  railroad  building,  and 
became  president  of  several  railroads.  He 
became  the  governor  of  the  great  com 
monwealth  of  Minnesota,  and  filled  that 
high  office  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  people 
of  that  state. 

HUBBARD.  LUCIUS  LEE,  geologist, 
author,  was  born  in  1849,  in  Ohio.  He  has 
been  state  geologist  of  Michigan  since 
1893;  and  is  the  author  of  Summer  Va 
cations  at  Moosehead  Lake;  and  Woods 
and  Lakes  of  Maine. 

HUBBARD,  OLIVER  PAYSON,  chem 
ist,  was.  born  in  1809,  in  Pomfret,  Conn. 
In  1836  he  was  appointed  professor  of 
chemistry  and  pharmacy,  mineralogy  and 
geology,  at  Dartmouth,  which  chair  he 
held  until  1866.  In  1883  he  was  made 
president. 

HUBBARD.  PERRY  L.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  15,  1841,  in  Bridge- 
water,  Vt.  During  the  civil  war  he  en 
tered  the  army  as  a  lieutenant,  and  the 
closing  two  years  of  the  war  he  was  col 
onel  of  the  eighteenth  Kansas  state  mili 
tia.  For  fourteen  years  he  was  district 
judge  and  district  attorney  in  Kansas, 
and  now  practices  law  in  Denver,  Col. 

HUBBARD,  RICHARD  BENNET,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  governor,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1832,  in  Walton 
county,  Ga.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
democratic  national  convention  of  1856; 
was  United  States  district  attorney  from 
1856  to  1858;  and  was  a  representative  in 
the  Texas  state  legislature  in  1858.  He 
was  a  colonel  in  the  confederate  army. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  lieutenant-govern 
or  of  Texas,  and  was  ex-officio  president 
of  the  state  senate.  In  1876,  by  the  election 
of  Go\ernor  Coke  to  the  United  States 
senate,  he  became  governor  of  the*  state, 
serving  as  such  until  1879. 

HUBBARD,  RICHARD  DUDLEY,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  govern 
or,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1818,  in  Berlin,  Conn. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1842,  1843,  1855,  and  1858;  and 
was  state's  attorney  for  Hartford  county 
from  1864  to  1868.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Connecticut  to  the  for 
tieth  congress,  and  declined  a  renomina- 
tion;  and  in  1876  was  elected  governor 
of  Connecticut,  and  served  two  years.  He 
died  Feb.  28,  18X4.  in  Hartford,  Conn. 


HUBBARD,    SAMUEL,    lawyer,    jurist,, 
was  born  June  2,  1785,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
From  1842  until  his  death  he  was  a  judgt 
of  the   supreme   court  of   Massachusetts. 
He  died  Dec.  24,  1847,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

HUBBARD,  SAMUEL  DICKINSON, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  10,  1799,  in  Middletown,  Conn.  He 
served  as  a  representative  through  the 
twenty-ninth  and  thirtieth  congresses.  In 
1852  he  was  appointed  postmaster-general. 
and  held  the  office  until  the  close  of  Pres 
ident  Fillmore's  administration.  He  died 
Oct.  8,  1855,  in  Middletown,  Conn. 

HUBBARD,  THEODORE  S.,  nursery 
man,  was  born  1843,  in  Cameron,  N.  Y. 
He  is  an  expert,  and  for  many  years  the 
leading  authority  in  the  United  States  on 
grapes,  and  is  well-known  throughout  the 
United  States  as  the  president  of  the  T.  S. 
Hubbard  company,  grape-vine  propagators 
of  Fredonia,  N.  Y. 

HUBBARD,  THOMAS,  educator,  physi 
cian,  state  legislator,  state  senator,  was 
born  in  1776,  in  Smithfield,  R.  I.  He  was 
several  times  in  the  Connecticut  legisla 
ture,  and  once  in  the  state  senate.  In 
1829  he  removed  to  New  Haven,  and  oc 
cupied  the  chair  of  surgery  at  Yale  until 
his  death.  He  died  June  16,  1838,  in  New 
Ha\en,  Conn. 

HUBBARD,  THOMAS  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1780,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1817  to- 
1819,  and  from  1821  to  1823.  He  was  pres 
idential  elector  in  1812,  1844.  and  1852.  He 
died  May  22,  1857,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

HUBBARD,  THOMAS  HAMLIN,  sol 
dier  lawyer,  railroad  president,  was  born 
Dec.'  20,  1838,  in  Hallowell,  Maine.  He 
received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  Hallo- 
well  academy,  Bow- 
doin  college,  and  the 
Albany  Law  school. 
He  served  with  dis- 
•^.if'JI  Unction  in  the  union 
army  during  the  civ 
il  war;  was  adjutant 
of  the  twenty-fifth 
regiment  of  t  li  t 
Maine  volunteer  in 
fantry;  was  pro 
moted  to  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  thirtieth  regiment  Maine 
volunteer  infantry;  and  to  colonel  of  the 
same  regiment;  and  subsequently  was 
made  brevet  brigadier-general  United 
States  volunteers.  In  1865  he  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  New  York  city,  and 
has  attained  prominence  as  one  of  tin 
leading  lawyers  of  the  state.  He  is  th< 
president  of  the  Oregon  and  California 
Railroad  company;  president  of  the  Cal 
ifornia  Pacific  Railroad  company;  presi 
dent  of  the  Houston  and  Texas  Central 
Railroad  company;  president  of  the  Aus 
tin  and  Northwestern  Railroad  company: 
president  of  the  Fort  Worth  and  New 
Orleans  Railroad  company;  and  of  the 
Central  Texas  and  Northwestern  Railroad 
company. 

HUBBARD,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1621,  in  England.  He 
was  a  colonial  historian  who  was  a  con 
gregational  clergyman  of  Ipswich,  and  a 
member  of  the  first  graduating  class  at 
Harvard  college  in  1642.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Narrative  of  Troubles  with  the 
Indians;  Sermons;  and  Present  State  of 
New  England.  He  also  wrote  a  History 
of  New  England,  for  which  the  colony 
paid  him  £50,  and  which  was  printed  by 
the  Massachusetts  Historical  society  in 
1815.  He  died  Sept.  14,  1704,  in  Ipswich, 
Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


507 


HUBBELL,  EDWIN  N.,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  13,  1815,  in  Coxsackie,  N. 
Y.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress. 

HUBBELL,  FREDERICK  M.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1839,  in  Hun- 
tington,  Conn.  He  is  president  of  the 
Des  Moines  Union  railway;  and  also  of 
the  Des  Moines  Northern  and  Western 
railway. 

HUBBELL,  JAMES  R.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1824,  in  Delaware 
county,  Ohio.  He  served  four  times  in 
the  state  legislature,  twice  as  speaker  of 
the  house;  and  was  a  presidential  elect 
or  in  1856.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress. 

HUBBELL,  JAY  A.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1829,  in  Avon, 
Mich.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  of 
the  upper  peninsula  in  1857  and  1859. 
He  removed  to  Houghton,  Mich.,  in  1860; 
and  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  in 
1861,  1863,  and  1865.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-third  congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth, 
and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  repub 
lican. 

HUBBELL,  LEVI,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  April  15,  1808,  in  Ball- 
ston,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the 
second  judicial  circuit  of  Wisconsin,  and 
served  as  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  for  one  year.  He  was  elected  to 
the  assembly  in  1864  as  a  war  democrat, 
and  held  the  office  of  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  from  1871  till  1875.  He 
died  Dec.  8,  1876,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

HUBBELL,  MRS.  MARTHA  [STONE], 
author,  was  born  in  1814,  in  Oxford,  Conn. 
She  was  a  writer  of  religious  juveniles, 
and  of  The  Shady  Side,  or  Life  in  a  Coun 
try  Parsonage,  which  for  a  time  enjoyed 
an  extraordinary  popularity.  She  died  in 
1856,  in  North  Stonington,  Conn. 

HUBBELL,  SIDNEY  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  moved  to 
New  Mexico;  and  was  appointed  an  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  United  States  court 
for  that  territory,  residing  at  Santa  Fe. 

HUBBELL,  WILLIAM  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  assembly  of  that  state  in  1841; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1843  to  1845. 

HUBBS,  ORLANDO,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  18,  1840,  in  New  York.  He 
settled  at  New  Berne,  N.  C.;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  forty-seventh  congress  as  a 
republican. 

HUBINGER,  JOHN  CARL,  inventor, 
business  man,  was  born  March  18,  1852, 
in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  is  the  senior 
member  of  the  firm 
of  J.C.  Hubinger  and 
Company,  of  Keo- 
kuk,  Iowa,  inventors 
of  the  celebrated 
elastic,  starch,  which 
is  used  in  nearly 
every  household  in 
America.  He  is  the 
president  and  pro 
prietor  of  the  Keokuk 
Electric  Light  and 
Power  system;  and 
manager  and  owner 
of  the  Mississippi  Valley  Telephone  com 
pany,  which  is  the  largest  telephone  com 
pany  in  the  United  States,  excepting  the 
Bell  Telephone  company. 

HUBLEY,  ADAM,  soldier,  state  senator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1740,  in  Lan 


caster  county,  Pa.  He  was  commissioned 
as  major  of  the  tenth  Pennsylvania  regi 
ment  in  1776;  commanded  the  eleventh 
regiment,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  from  1779,  and  retired  in  1781. 
From  1783  till  1789  he  was  a  member  of 
the  assembly,  and  in  1790  a  state  senator. 
His  Journal  of  Events  in  1779  was  pub 
lished  in  the  Pennsylvania  Archives.  He 
died  in  May,  1798,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HUBLEY,  EDWARD  B.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1835  to  1839.  He  died 
Feb.  23,  1856,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HUBNER,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  sol 
dier,  journalist,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Jan.  16,  1835,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  is  a 
journalist  of  Atlanta;  and  the  author  of 
Souvenirs  of  Luther;  Poems  and  Essays; 
Modern  Communism;  Wild  Flowers,  a 
book  of  verse;  and  Cinderella,  and  Prince 
and  Fairy,  two  lyrical  dramas. 

HUDD,  THOMAS  R.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1835, 
in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  was  district  attorney 
of  Outagamie  county,  Wis.,  in  1856-57; 
and  was  city  attorney  of  Green  Bay  in 
1873-74.  He  was  state  senator  from  the 
twenty-second  district  in  1862  and  1863; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  state  assembly 
in  1868  and  1875.  He  was  a  state  senator 
in  1876,  1877,  1878,  and  1879;  and  was 
again  a  state  senator  in  1882  and  1883, 
and  was  re-elected.  He  was  elected  a  rep- 
resentative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  democrat  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fif 
tieth  congress. 

HUDDER,  CLINTON  L.,  journalist,  was 
born  Oct.  23,  1866,  in  Tiffin,  Ohio.  He  is 
the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Times  of 
North  Baltimore,  Ohio. 

HUDNUT,  THEODORE,  manufacturer, 
inventor,  was  born  July  15,  1820,  in  Wash 
ington,  Ky.  His  establishment  is  about 
the  largest  of  its 
class  in  the  United 
States,  with  the  very 
best  class  of  labor- 
saving  machinery,  a 
great  part  of  which 
is  Mr.  Hudnut's  own 
invention,  on  which 
he  holds  patents. 
About  three  thou 
sand  bushels  of  corn 
are  used  in  the  mill 
every  twenty  -  four 
hours,  turning  out 
from  four  hundred  and  twenty-five  to  four 
hundred  and  fifty  barrels  of  goods,  which 
find  a  market  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States,  from  Maine  to  California,  and  from 
the  Canadas  to  the  Gulf. 

HUDON,  HENRY,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1823,  in  Can 
ada.  In  1870  he  was  elected  the  sixth  pres 
ident  of  the  college  of  St.  Francis  Xav- 
ier,  serving  until  1890. 

HUDSON,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  state 
senator,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  14,  1795,  in  Marlborough,  Mass.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  leg 
islature  from  1828  to  1833;  a  state  senator 
from  1833  to  1839;  and  state  counselor 
from  1839  to  1841.  He  was  elected  to 
congress  in  1841,  where  he  remained  until 
1849;  and  was  subsequently  appointed 
naval  officer  for  Boston,  Mass.,  by  the  fed 
eral  government,  serving  from  1849  to 
1853.  He  was  the  author  of  Letters  to 
Reverend  Hosea  Ballon;  History  of  West 
minster;  History  of  Lexington;  Doubts 
Concerning  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill; 
and  History  of  Marlborough.  He  died 
May  4,  1881,  in  Marlborough,  Mass. 


HUDSON,  CHARLES  I.,  capitalist,  was 
born    Aug.    20,    1852,    in    New    York.     In 
1891  he  was  elected   governor  of  the  ex 
change   on   an   inde 
pendent    ticket,     re- 
,-r  ,<«•          ceiving     over     two- 

§|  thirds  of  the  entire 
vote  cast,  a  satisfac 
tory  evidence  of  his 
popularity.  He  was 
instrumental  in  in 
troducing  there  the 
so-called  trust  secur 
ities,  such  as  Ameri 
can  Cotton  Oil,  Na 
tional  Lead  Co., 
American  Sugar  Re 
fining  Co.,  etc.  He  was  one  of  the  organ 
izers  of  the  Fourteenth  Street  bank  in 
1888,  and  recently  resigned  from  its  di 
rectorate. 

HUDSON,  ERASMUS  DARWIN,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1805,  in 
Torringford,  Conn.  He  was  a  surgeon  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Re 
sections;  Essay  on  Temperance;  and  Im 
mobile  Apparatus  for  Ununited  Fractures. 
He  died  Dec.  31,  1880,  in  Greenwich,  Conn. 

HUDSON,  ERASMUS  DARWIN,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1843,  in 
Northampton,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician 
of  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Doc 
tors'  Hygiene  and  Therapeutics;  Home 
Treatment  of  Consumptives:  Physical  Di 
agnosis  of  Thoracic  Diseases;  Methods 
of  Examining  WeakChests;  and  Diagnosis 
of  the  Relations  of  Weak  Digestions.  He 
died  May  9,  1887,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 

HUDSON,  FREDERICK,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1819,  in  Quincy,  Mass. 
He  was  a  journalist  connected  with  The 
New  York  Herald  in  various  capacities 
for  nearly  thirty  years,  who  after  1866 
lived  at  Concord,  Mass.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  Journalism  in  the 
United  States.  He  died  Oct.  21,  1875,  in 
Concord,  Mass. 

HUDSON,  GEORGE  HOWARD,  educa 
tor,  lawyer,  was  born  July  7,  1861,  in 
White  county,  Tenn.  After  receiving  his 
education  he  entered  educational  work, 
and  for  many  years  taught  school  in  his 
native  county.  Since  1887  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  with  success  at  Sparta,  Tenn., 
where  he  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

HUDSON,  HENRY,  English  navigator. 
He  discovered  Cape  Cod;  then  pursued 
his  course  to  the  Chesapeake,  and  re 
turning  along  the  coast  entered  the  river 
now  bearing  his  name. 

HUDSON,  HENRY  NORMAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1814,  in 
Cornwall,  Vt.  He  served  as  chaplain  in 
the  federal  army  during  the  civil  war,  and 
in  his  later  years  was  professor  of  Shake 
speare  study  in  Boston  university.  He 
was  the  author  of  Lectures  on  Shake 
speare;  Sermons;  Studies  in  Words 
worth;  A  Chaplain's  Campaign  with  Gen 
eral  Butler;  Shakespeare:  His  Life  and 
Characters;  and  Essays  on  Education. 
He  edited  the  Harvard  and  the  university 
editions  of  Shakespeare.  He  died  Jan.  16, 
1886,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

HUDSON,  JAMES  FAIRCHILD,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1846,  in  Ohio. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  Pittsburg  for  many 
years;  and  the  author  of  The  Railways 
and  the  Republic. 

HUDSON,  JOSEPH  KENNEDY,  soldier, 
journalist,  state  legislator,  was  born  May 
4,  1840,  in  Virginia.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war  and  attained  the  rank  of  major.  He 
is  president  of  the  Capital  company,  and 
editor-in-chief  of  the  paper.  In  1871  he 
was  a  member  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives  from  the  thirty-seventh  district. 


r>ti8 


HKRKINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


HUDSON.  MRS.  MARY  [CLEMMER] 
[AMES],  journalist,  author,  was  born  in 
1839,  in  New  York.  She  is  a  journalist 
of  Washington,  well  known  at  one  period 
by  her  Woman's  Letters  from  Washing 
ton  in  The  Independent.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  Eirene;  His  Two  Wives;  Victoria 
(three  novels);  Ten  Years  in  Washing 
ton;  Men.  Women,  and  Things;  Poems 
of  Life  and  Nature;  and  Memorials  of 
Alice  and  Phoebe  Gary. 

HUDSON,  ROBERT  WEIR,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1856,  in  Mississippi. 
In  1870  he  moved  to  Texas;  studied  law; 
and  was  county  attorney  In  1876-77.  In 
1890  he  became  a  member  of  the  demo 
cratic  state  executive  committee  of  Texas; 
and  in  1891-92  was  district  judge  of  the 
thirty-sixth  judicial  district  of  Texas.  He 
has  been  the  vice-grand  dictator  of  the 
grand  lodge  of  Texas,  Knights  of  Honor; 
and  is  prominent  in  \arious  fraternal  or 
ders. 

HUDSON,  SILAS  A.,  diplomat,  was  a 
citizen  of  Iowa.  In  1869  he  was  appointed 
minister  resident  to  Guatemala,  where  he 
remained  until  1872. 

HUDSON,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  law 
yer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  30,  1844,  in  Boone  county,  Ind.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  common 
schools  and  the  Wabash  college.  He  has 
been  three  times  mayor  of  Fredonia, 
Kan.;  three  times  district  attorney;  one 
time  a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  legis 
lature;  and  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  fifty-third  congress.  He 
was  twice  a  delegate  to  the  democratic 
national  convention,  in  1884  and  in  1888; 
and  once  a  delegate  to  the  national  pop 
ulist  convention,  in  1896.  He  is  a  bril 
liant  lawyer;  and  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  law  literature  and  the  period 
ical  press. 

HUDSON,  THOMSON  JAY,  author,  was 
born  in  1834,  in  Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Law  of  Psychic  Phenomena:  and  A 
Scientific  Demonstration  of  the  Future 
Life. 

HUDSON,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1863,  in  England. 
He  has  been  professor  of  English  litera 
ture  at  Leland  Stanford  Junior  university 
since  1892;  and  is  the  author  of  The 
Church  and  the  Stage;  and  Introduction 
to  Study  of  Herbert  Spencer. 

HUDSON.  WILLIAM  LEVERRETH, 
na\al  officer,  was  born  May  11,  1794,  in 
New  York.  He  entered  the  navy  in  1816, 
and  became  lieutenant  in  1826;  com 
mander  in  1842;  and  captain  in  1855.  He 
died  Oct.  15,  1862,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HUKBSCH,  ADOLPH,  scholar,  rabbi, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1830,  in  Hun 
gary.  In  1866  he  was  called  to  New  York 
as  rabbi  of  a  synagogue,  where  he 
preached  until  his  death.  He  published 
Gems  from  the  Orient,  a  selection  of  Tal- 
mudic  and  oriental  proverbs,  and  a  vol 
ume  of  his  sermons  and  addresses  was 
issued  In  1885.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1884,  in 
New  York  city. 

HUEBSCHMANN,  FRANCIS,  physician, 
was  born  April  19,  1817,  in  Weimar.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1842,  and 
settled  in  Milwaukee,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death.  He  was  presidential 
elector  in  1848,  a  member  of  the  city  coun 
cil  and  county  supervisor  from  1848  till 
1867:  and  state  senator  in  1851-52,  1862, 
and  1871-72.  During  the  civil  war  he 
entered  the  national  service  In  1862  as  sur 
geon  of  the  twenty-sixth  Wisconsin  vol 
unteers.  He  died  March  21.  1880,  in  Mil 
waukee,  Wis. 


HUFF,  GEORGE  FRANKLIN,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  July  16,  1842,  in 
Norristown,  Pa.  He  is  at  present  engaged 
in  the  banking  busi 
ness  at  Greensburg. 
Pa.  He  was  elected 
to  the  senate  of 
Pennsylvania  i  n 
1884,  and  represented 
the  thirty-ninth  sen 
atorial  district  in 
that  body  until  the 
close  of  the  term 
ending  in  1888.  He 
was  a  member  of  the 
fifty  -  second  c  o  n  - 
gress;  was  nomi 
nated  by  the  state  convention  at  Harris- 
burg  in  1894  as  representative  at  large; 
and  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

HUFFMAN,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  leg 
islator,  was  born  April  15,  1806,  in  Rock- 
bridge  county,  Va.  He  was  twice  elected 
to  the  lower  house  of  the  Illinois  legisla 
ture  in  1844  and  in  1846.  He  served  as 
chaplain  in  the  sixth  Missouri  volunteer 
infantry  during  the  civil  war. 

HUFTY.  JACOB,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1809  to  1814. 

HUGER,  ALFRED,  state  senator,  was 
born  Nov.  1.  1788.  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  state 
senate  for  ten  years;  and  was  postmaster 
of  his  city.  He  died  May  14.  1872,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

HUGER,  BENJAMIN,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  30,  1746,  in  Limerick  Planta 
tion,  S.  C.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1799 
to  1805.  and  for  a  second  term  from 
1815  to  1817. 

HUGER,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1806.  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In  1861  he 
was  made  a  brigadier-general  in  the  con 
federate  army.  He  died  Dec.  7.  1877,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

HUGER.  DANIEL,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  20,  1741,  in  Limerick  Planta 
tion,  S.  C.  He  was  a  member  of  the  con 
tinental  congress;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  congress  of  the  United  States 
from  South  Carolina  from  1789  to  1793. 
He  died  July  1,  1799,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

HUGER,  DANIEL  ELLIOT,  lawyer,  ju 
rist.  United  States  senator,  was  a  citizen 
of  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature,  state  senate,  and  judge  of 
her  courts.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  South  Carolina  from  1843  to  1846. 
He  died  Aug.  21,  1854,  on  Sullivan's  Is 
land,  S.  C. 

HUGER,  THOMAS  BEE,  naval  officer, 
was  born  July  12,  1820,  in  Charleston,  S. 
C.  As  lieutenant-commander  in  the  con 
federate  navy,  he  fought  his  vessel,  the 
McCrae,  a  converted  merchant  steamer, 
when  the  national  fleet  under  Farragut 
forced  its  way  up  to  New  Orleans,  where 
he  fell  mortally  wounded  April  24,  1862. 

HUGHES,  BALL,  sculptor,  was  born 
Jan.  19,  1806,  in  England.  The  life-size 
monumental  high-relief  of  Bishop  Hobart 
of  New  York,  now  in  the  vestry  of  Trinity 
church.  New  York  city,  was  made  by  him. 
Among  his  later  works  are  a  model  of 
an  equestrian  statue  of  Washington,  in 
tended  for  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  a 
Crucifixion,  a  statue  in  bronze  of  Na 
thaniel  Bowditch  that  Is  now  in  Mount 
Auburn  cemetery,  a  statuette  of  General 
Joseph  Warren,  a  bust  of  Washington  Ir 
ving,  and  a  Mary  Magdalen.  He  died 
March  5,  J868.  in  Boston,  Mass. 


HUGHES,  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Georgia.  He  settled  in  New 
York;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1853  to 
1855.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  provost- 
marshal  for  the  sixteenth  district  of  New 
York. 

HUGHES.  DANIEL,  banker,  was  born 
Dec.  6,  1847,  near  Liberty,  Mo.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  country 
schools,  and  at  the 
William  Jewel  col 
lege  of  Liberty,  Mo. 
He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  financial  af 
fairs,  and  is  the 
president'  of  the  First 
National  bank  of 
Liberty.  Mr.  Hughes 
has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city, 
county  and  state; 
and  is  a  prominent 
member  of  various  fraternal  orders. 

HUGHES,  FELIX  T.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Nov.  10,  1838,  in  Centerville. 
111.  Since  1886  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Keokuk  and  Western  railroad. 

HUGHES,  FRANCIS  WADE,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1817,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Pa.  He  was  ap 
pointed  deputy  attorney-general  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1839.  resigned  the  office  there 
several  times,  but  was  reappointed  and 
held  it  for  eleven  years.  In  1843  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  as  a  democrat. 
In  1851  he  was  appointed  secretary  of 
state,  and  in  1853  attorney-general  of  the 
state,  which  office  he  filled  until  1855.  He 
died  Oct.  25,  1885,  in  Pottsville,  Pa. 

HUGHES,  GEORGE  WARTZ,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1806,  in  New  York.  In  1830  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  civil  engineer  in  the  general 
government,  in  which  position  he  re 
mained  until  1838,  when  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  corps  of  topographical  engi 
neers  in  the  regular  army.  He  resigned 
in  1851,  and  was  made  president  of  the 
Northern  Central  railroad.  In  1859  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Mary 
land  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
served  with  distinction  in  the  war  >vith 
Mexico,  receiving  two  brevets.  He  died 
Dec.  3,  1870,  in  West  River,  Md. 

HUGHES,  JAMES,  soldier,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1823, 
in  Hampstead,  Md.  He  was  appointed 
first  lieutenant  of  the  sixteenth  regiment 
of  United  States  infantry,  one  of  the  ten 
regiments  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1852  he  was 
elected  circuit  judge  for  six  years;  and 
in  1853  was  elected  professor  of  law  in  the 
university  of  Indiana,  and  served  three 
years.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Indiana  in  the  thirty-fifth  congress; 
in  1861  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  court 
of  claims;  and  in  1866  was  appointed  a 
cotton  agent  for  the  treasury  department. 
He  subsequently  settled  in  Washington 
city  as  an  attorney  at  law,  but  was  soon 
afterward  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
Indiana. 

HUGHES,  JAMES  F.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1839,  in  Wayne 
county,  Ohio.  He  served  three  years  in 
the  civil  war  in  the  one  hundred  and 
second  Ohio  volunteer  infantry  as  a  non 
commissioned  officer;  and  from  1885-91 
was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Illinois. 

HUGHES,  JAMES  M..  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  "from  Missouri  from 
1843  to  1845. 


HF.RRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


500 


HUGHES,  JOHN,  archbishop,  author, 
was  born  June  24,  1797,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  noted  Roman  catholic  archbishop 
of  New  York  in  1850-64.  His  writings 
were  published  in  1865.  He  founded  St. 
John's  college,  Fordham,  N.  Y.,  in  1839. 
He  died  Jan.  3,  1864,  in  New  York  city. 

HUGHES,  MRS.  NINA  VERA  B.,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Canada.  She  is  a  suc 
cessful  writer  of  Washington,  D.  C.;  and 
the  author  of  Twelve  Simple  Lessons  in 
Metaphysics;  Practical  Home  Thoughts; 
Truth  for  Youth;  Office,  In  and  Out;  Lec 
ture-Room  Talks;  and  Guide  to  Health. 

HUGHES,  ROBERT  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  June  6,  1821,  in 
Powhatan  county,  Va.  In  1873  he  was 
the  republican  candidate  for  governor  of 
Virginia,  but  not  elected.  In  1874  he  was 
appointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  eastern  district  of  Virginia.  He  is  the 
author  of  Reports  of  Cases;  The  Currency 
Question  from  a  Southern  Point  of  View; 
Transcript  of  United  States  Supreme 
Court  Decisions;  The  American  Dollar; 
and  Lives  of  Generals  Floyd  and  John 
ston. 

HUGHES,  SIMON  P.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Tennes 
see.  In  1861  he  entered  the  confederate 
army  as  a  captain;  and  soon  after  became 
a  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature  of  Arkan 
sas  in  1866  and  1867;  and  in  1874  was 
elected  attorney-general  of  Arkansas,  in 
which  office  he  served  two  years.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  governor  of  Arkansas  for 
the  term  of  two  years,  and  in  1886  re- 
elected. 

HUGHES,  THOMAS  H.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1829  to  1833. 

HUGHES  WILLIAM,  farmer,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1841,  in  Wales. 
Since  1869  he  has  been  engaged  in  farm 
ing  in  Aurora,  Wis.  He  is  treasurer  of 
the  Dairyman's  association;  and  in  1896 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin 
state  legislature. 

HUGHITT,  MARVIN,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1837,  in  Genoa,  N. 
Y.  Since  1891  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  and  Western 
railroad;  and  is  also  president  of  various 
other  roads. 

HUGHSTON,  JONAS  A.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  that  state  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress.  In  1845  he  was  district 
attorney  for  Delaware  county;  and  was 
subsequently  marshal  of  Shanghai,  China. 
He  died  in  1862,  in  China. 

HUGUNIN,  DANIEL,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  N. 
Y.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  from  New 
York  from  1825  to  1827;  a  member  of  the 
New  York  legislature;  and  at  a  later 
period  United  States  marshal  for  the  ter 
ritory  of  Wisconsin.  He  died  in  June, 
1850,  in  Kenosha,  Wis. 

HUIDEKOPER,  FREDERIC,  theolo 
gian,  philanthropist,  author,  was  born 
April  7,  1817,  in  Meadville,  Pa.  He  is  a 
Unitarian  theologian  and  philanthropist  of 
Meadville,  Pa.;  and  the  author  of  Be 
lief  of  the  First  Three  Centuries  concern 
ing  Christ's  Mission  to  the  Underworld; 
Judaism  at  Rome;  and  Indirect  Testi 
mony  of  History  to  the  Genuineness  of  the 
Gospels. 

HUIDEKOPER,  FREDERICK  W.,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1840, 
in  Meadville,  Pa.  Since  1891  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Pittsburg,  Shenango  and 
Lake  Erie  railroad;  and  has  also  been 
president  of  various  other  roads. 


HUIDEKOPER.  HENRY  SH1PPEN, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  in  1839,  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  federal 
army  during  the  civil  war  who  after 
wards  attained  the  rank  of  major-general 
in  the  Pennsylvania  militia.  He  was  post 
master  of  Philadelphia  in  1880-85;  and 
the  author  of  a  Manual  of  Military  Ser 
vice. 

HULBERT,  JOHN  W.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1814  to  1817  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 

HULBURD,  CALVIN  T.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  June  5, 
1809,  in  Stockholm,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  from 
1842  to  1844,  and  again  in  1862.  In  the 
latter  year  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thir 
ty-ninth  and  fortieth  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

HULBURD,  ROGER  W.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1856,  in  Water- 
ville,  Vt.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Hyde  Park,  Vt.;  was  postmaster  for  sev 
eral  years;  and  in  1894-96  was  state's  at 
torney  of  his  county.  During  1896-98  he 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Vermont  state  senate. 

HULICK,  GEORGE  W..  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June  29, 
1833,  in  Batavia,  Ohio.  He  enlisted  under 
the  first  call  as  a  private  in  company  B, 
twenty-second  regiment  Ohio  volunteer  in 
fantry  in  1861.  He  was  elected  probate 
judge  of  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  in  1863; 
and  served  from  1864  to  1867.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

HULING,  JAMES  H.,  lumber  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  March  24,  1844,  in 
Williamsport,  Pa.  He  was  elected  mayor 
of  Charleston,  W.  Va.,  in  1884,  being  the 
first  republican  ever  elected  to  that  office. 
He  declined  a  renomination;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

HULL,  ALEXANDER  C.,  public  official, 
was  born  April  20,  1858,  in  Marion  county, 
Ark.  He  has  been  deputy  clerk  of  Boone 
county;  chief  clerk  of  the  United  States 
land  office  at  Harrison,  Ark.;  editor  of 
the  Boone  Banner;  expert  accountant  for 
Arkansas;  and  is  now  secretary  of  state 
of  Arkansas. 

HULL,  AMOS  GIRARD,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  7,  1815,  in  Paris, 
N.  Y.  He  became  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  in  Volney,  N.  Y.,  in  1843.  He 
has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
press  on  political  questions,  and  has  pub 
lished  Treatise  on  the  Duties  of  Town  and 
County  Officers;  and  History  of  the  Early 
Settlement  of  Oswego  Falls. 

HULL,  ASBURY,  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.  30,  1797,  in  Washington,  Ga.  For 
more  than  forty  years  he  was  the  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
the  university  of  Georgia;  and  was  often 
a  member  of  the  legislature  and  speaker 
of  the  house.  He  died  Jan.  26,  1866,  in 
Athens,  Ga. 

HULL,  CHARLES  E.,  merchant,  jour 
nalist,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  7, 
1862,  in  Salem,  111.  He  was  a  successful 
merchant,  and  the  editor  and  owner  of 
The  Herald-Advocate  of  Salem,  111.  In 
1897  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Illi 
nois  state  senate. 

HULL,  HENRY,  physician,  educator, 
was  born  Oct.  20,  1798,  in  Washington, 
Ga.  From  1830  till  his  resignation  in  1846 
he  was  professor  of  mathematics  in  the 
university  of  Georgia.  He  died  May  10, 
1881,  in  Athens,  Ga. 


HULL,  HOLMER.  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1815,  in  Glen's  Falls,  N.  Y.  In 
1870  he  was  appointed  United  States  judge 
for  the  states  of  Michigan,  Ohio,  Ken 
tucky,  and  Tennessee.  He  died  May  14, 
1877,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

HULL,  ISAAC,  commodore,  was  born 
March  9,  1775,  in  Derby,  Conn.  He  is  dis 
tinguished  as  the  commander  of  the 
American  frigate  Constitution,  which  cap 
tured  the  British  frigate  Guerriere,  in  the 
first  naval  action  of  the  war  of  1812,  and 
for  which  he  received  a  gold  medal  from 
congress.  He  died  Feb.  13,  1843,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

HULL,  JOHN  A.  T.,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  1,  1841,  in  Sabina,  Ohio.  He 
enlisted  in  the  twenty-third  Iowa  infan 
try  in  July,  1862;  and  was  first  lieuten 
ant  and  captain.  He  was  elected  secre 
tary  of  the  Iowa  state  senate  in  1872,  and 
re-elected  in  1874,  1876,  and  1878;  and  was 
elected  secretary  of  state  in  1878,  and  re- 
elected  in  1880  and  1882.  He  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  in  1885  and  re-elected 
in  1887.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
second,  fifty-third,  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

HULL,  NOBLE  A.,  soldier,  merchant. 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  11,  1827,  in  Camden  county,  Ga. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Florida 
legislature  in  1860  and  1861;  served  in  the 
confederate  army  as  captain;  and  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Florida  in 
1876.  He  was  elected  a  representative- 
from  Florida  to  the  forty-sixth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

HULL,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  June  24,  1753,  in  Derby,  Conn.  He 
entered  the  revolutionary  army  as  a  cap 
tain;  was  rapidly  promoted,  and  became 
inspector  of  the  army.  Two  years  after 
his  surrender  to  the  British  at  Detroit  he 
was  tried  by  court-martial  and  sentenced 
to  be  shot,  but  on  account  of  his  age  and 
public  services  the  sentence  was  remitted 
by  President  Madison,  by  whom  he  had 
been  made  commander-in-chief.  In  1824 
he  published  a  series  of  letters  in  vindi 
cation  of  himself,  which  were  published 
in  a  volume  entitled  The  Campaign  of  the 
Northwest  Army.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1825, 
in  Newton,  Mass. 

HULL,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  born  April  17,  1830,  in 
Clavarack,  N.  Y.  For  several  years  he 
was  at  the  head  of  the  Hartwick  Theo 
logical  seminary;  and  is  now  the  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Eastern  Lutheran 
of  Albany,  N.  Y. 

HULL,  WILLIAM  HOPE,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  2,  1820,  in  Athens,  Ga.  He  held 
many  offices  of  public  trust,  and  was  as 
sistant  United  States  attorney-general  in 
1857-60.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1877,  in  New 
York  city. 

HUMASON,  GEORGE  HOWARD,  cler 
gyman,  lecturer,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1850, 
in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  attended  the  Buffalo 
academy,  the  Stamford  institute;  took  a 
post-graduate  course  at  the  Allegheny  col 
lege:  and  has  received  the  degrees  of 
Ph.  D.  and  D.  D.  He  has  filled  pastorates 
in  several  of  the  largest  churches  in 
northwestern  Pennsylvania;  has  been 
presiding  elder  of  the  methodist  church, 
and  pastor  of  the  largest  congregation  in 
the  state  of  Minnesota.  He  has  traveled 
extensively  in  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land, 
and  is  also  noted  as  a  brilliant  lecturer. 

HUMBERT,  JOSEPH  B.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1837,  in  Knox 
county,  Tenn.  Since  1891  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Knoxville  and  Western 
railway,  and  has  also  been  president  of 
various  other  roads. 


510 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


HUMES,   THOMAS  WILLIAM,   clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1815,  in  Tenn 
essee.     He   was  an   episcopal   clergyman 
and  educator  of  Tennessee  who  published 
The    Loyal    Mountaineers    of    Tennessee. 
He  died  "in  1892. 

HUMMER,  GEORGE  P1ERSON,  educa 
tor,    business    man,    political    economist, 
was  born  Dec.  25,  1856,  in  Belvidere,  N.  J. 
After          graduating 
••••••iHH     from    the     Northern 

Indiana  Normal 
school,  he  became 
superintendent  o  f 
public  schools  of 
Holland,  Mich., 
which  position  he 
filled  for  seven  years. 
He  then  organized 
and  became  the  man 
ager  of  the  West 
Mirhigan  Furniture 
company,  one  of  the 
largest  manufacturers  of  furniture  in  th.e 
United  States.  He  took  a  leading  part  in 
behalf  of  bimetallism  in  the  presidential 
campaign  of  1896,  and  became  a  candidate 
for  congress  on  the  state  ticket,  but  was 
defeated.  He  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  political  affairs  of  his  state, 
and  has  gained  a  good  reputation  as  a  po 
litical  economist. 

HUMPHREY,  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  about  1712,  in  Haverford,  Pa. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  provincial  as 
sembly  from  1764  to  1774,  and  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1774  to 
1776.  He  died  in  1786  in  Haverford, 
Pa. 

HUMPHREY,  EDWARD  PORTER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1809, 
in  Fairfield,  Conn.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Louisville;  and  the  author 
of  Our  Theology  in  its  Development;  and 
Sacred  History  from  the  Creation  to  the 
Giving  of  the  Law.  He  died  in  1887. 

HUMPHREY.  ELIZABETH  B.,  artist, 
was  bor'n  about  1850  in  Hopedale,  Mass. 
In  1882  Miss  Humphrey  was  awarded  two 
prizes  in  the  competitive  exhibition  of  L. 
Prang  and  Company.  Her  illustrations 
include  landscapes,  still-life,  and  figures. 

HUMPHREY,  HEMAN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  26,  1779,  in  West 
Danbury,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  who  was  president  of  Amherst 
college  in  1823-45;  and  the  author  of  Tour 
in  France,  etc.;  Domestic  Education; 
Sketches  and  History  of  Revivals;  Essays 
on  tlir  Sabbath;  Life  of  Nathan  Fiske; 
and  Letters  to  a  Son  in  the  Ministry.  He 
died  April  3,  1861,  in  Pittsfield,  Mass. 

HUMPHREY,      HERMAN      L.,   lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  March  14,  1830. 
in  Candor,  N.  Y.     He  received  his  educa 
tion    in    the    public 
schools    and  at    the 
academy  of  Cortland. 
N.  Y.     In     1854     he 
^•j      was  admitted    to  the 
B|          bar,  and  the  follow- 
/_  ing  year  was     made 

f          district    attorney   of 
S    St.      Croix      county, 
^^    j    Wis.    In  1860  he  was 
^^Lr     ^^^^    ;,i>i>ninti'd         county 
™  •^         I    judge,   and  the     fol- 

lowing      year        was 

elected  to  that  posi 
tion  for  a  term  of  four  years.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Wiscon 
sin  state  senate;  and  in  1865  was  elected 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Hudson,  Wis.  In 
1866  he  was  elected  circuit  judge  of  the 
eighth  judicial  circuit  of  Wisconsin  for 
six  years,  and  received  the  re-election  in 
1872.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  member 


of  the  forty-fifth  congress,  receiving  the 
re-election  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty- 
seventh  congresses.  While  a  member  of 
the  United  States  congress  he  took  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  deliberations  of  that  body, 
notably  on  the  Geneva  award,  on  which 
question  he  made  a  brilliant  speech  in  the 
house  of  representatives  on  May  10,  1882. 
HUMPHREY,  JAMES,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  born  Oct.  9,  1811,  in  Fair- 
field,  Conn.  In  1838  he  moved  to  the  city 
of  New  York,  where  he  practiced  his  pro 
fession.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress.  He  died  June  16, 
1866,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HUMPHREY,  JAMES  M.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  21, 
1819,  in  Holland,  Ind.  He  was  district  at 
torney  for  Erie  county  in  1857-59;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  from 
1863-65.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

HUMPHREY,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  June  20,  1838,  in  England. 
In  1870  he  was  elected  to  the  general  as 
sembly  of  Illinois;  and  in  1876  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar.  In  1884  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  general  assembly;  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1886,  and 
re-elected  in  1890  and  in  1894.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  Humphrey  bills. 

HUMPHREY,  LYMAN  UNDERWOOD, 
governor,  was  born  July  25,  1844,  in  Ohio. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  attained 
the  rank  of  colonel.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
a  state  senator,  and  in  1888  was  nomi 
nated  for  governor  and  renominated  in 
1890. 

HUMPHREY.  NELSON  G.,  business 
man,  poet,  was  born  May  17,  1845,  in 
Wyoming  county,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  Ran 
dom  Shots,  of  which 
the  Cincinnati  En 
quirer  says  that  any 
one  of  the  poems 
contained  therein  is 
enough  to  stamp  him 
as  the  most  original 
singer  of  the  day. 
He  constantly  con 
tributed  prose  and 
\erse  to  the  leading 
publicationsof  Amer 
ica:  and  several  of  his  poems  have  been 
included  in  Poets  of  America  and  other 
standard  collections.  He  is  a  successful 
real  estate  and  exchange  broker  of  Le 
Roy,  111.,  where  he  is  prominently  identi 
fied  with  the  political  affairs  of  his  coun 
ty  and  state. 

HUMPHREY,  REUBEN,  state  senator, 
congressman.  He  was  for  four  years  a 
senator  in  the  legislature  of  New  York 
from  Onondaga  county;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  stat<> 
from  1807  to  1809. 

HUMPHREYS,  ANDREW,  congress 
man.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  forty-fourth  congress 
to  fill  a  vacancy. 

HUMPHREYS,  ANDREW  ATKINSON, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1810,  In 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  general  in  the 
federal  army  during  the  civil  war;  and 
was  subsequently  chief  of  engineers  of 
the  United  States  army.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Virginia  Campaigns  of  1864 
and  1865;  and  From  Gettysburg  to  the 
Rapidan.  He  died  Dec.  27,  1883,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 


HUMPHREYS,  DAVID,  soldier,  states 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  10,  1752, 
in  Derby,  Conn.  In  1780  he  became  a 
colonel  and  aid-de 
camp  to  Washing 
ton,  with  whom  he 
resided  for  a  consid 
erable  time.  In  1786 
he  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  of  Con 
necticut;  was  minis 
ter  to  Portugal  In 
1791;  to  Algiers  in 
1793,  and  to  Spain  in 
1796.  He  command 
ed  two  Connecticut 
regiments  in  the  war 
of  1812;  and  acquired  considerable  fame 
as  a  writer,  especially  of  poetry,  and  a 
collection  of  his  writings  was  published 
in  New  York  in  1804;  and  he  also  pub 
lished  a  Life  of  General  Putnam.  He 
died  Feb.  21,  1818,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

HUMPHREYS,  DAVID  C.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  in  Alabama.  He  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Grant  from  that 
state  one  of  the  judges  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

HUMPHREYS.  EDWARD  RUPERT, 
educator,  author,  was  born  March  1,  1820. 
in  England.  He  was  an  educator  of  Bos 
ton  who  came  thither  from  England  In 
1859;  and  the  author  of  Lessons  on  the 
Liturgy  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church;  Education  of  Military  Officers; 
The  Higher  Education  of  Europe  and 
America;  and  Manual  of  Political  Science. 
He  died  in  1893. 

HUMPHREYS,  FREDERICK,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  March  11,  1816,  in  Mar- 
cellus,  N.  Y.  The  specifics  manufactured 
by  the  Humphreys  Homoeopathic  Medi 
cine  company,  which  he  founded,  are  now 
bring  produced  upon  an  enormous  scale 
and  are  known  all  over  the  world. 

HUMPHREYS,  HECTOR,  clergyman, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born 
June  8.  1797,  in  Canton,  Conn.  From 
1831  till  his  death  he  was  president  of  St. 
John's  college,  Annapolis,  and  was  also 
professor  of  history  and  philosophy.  He 
died  June  25,  1857,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 

HUMPHREYS,  JACOB,  congressman 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1819  to  1821. 

HUMPHREYS,  JOSHUA,  ship-builder, 
was  born  June  17,  1751,  in  Haverford,  Pa. 
He  was  the  first  naval  constructor  in  the 
United  States,  and  has  been  called  the 
father  of  the  American  navy.  He  died 
Jan.  12,  1838,  in  Haverford,  Pa. 

HUMPHREYS,  MILTON  WYLIE,  sol- 
dii  r.  educator,  philologist,  author,  was 
horn  Sept.  15,  1844,  in  Greenbrier  county, 
W.  Va.  He  entered  the  confederate  army 
in  March,  1862,  as  first  gunner  of  Bryan's 
battery;  served  to  the  end  of  the  war  as 
gunner,  and  was  promoted  to  corporal  and 
sergeant.  He  discovered  and  calculated 
the  effects  of  rotation  of  earth  on  pro 
jectiles  when  eighteen  years  of  age;  and 
fired  the  last  round  on  Sept.  19,  1864,  at 
Winchester.  He  then  taught  school;  has 
filled  the  chairs  of  ancient  languages  in 
the  Washington  and  Lee  university  dur- 
in  1867-75;  of  Greek  in  the  Vanderbilt 
university  in  1875-83;  of  Latin  and  Greek 
in  the  university  of  Texas  during  1883- 
87;  and  since  1887  has  filled  the  chair 
of  Greek  in  the  university  of  Virginia. 
In  1873  he  was  commissioner  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  Vienna  exposition;  and  in 
1882-83  was  president  of  the  American 
Philological  association.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Clouds  of  Aristophanes;  Antigone 
of  Sophocles;  and  numerous  minor  works. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


511 


HUMPHREYS,  PERRY  W.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1813  to  1815. 

HUMPHRIES,  BENJAMIN  G.,  govern 
or.  He  was  governor  of  Mississippi  from 
1S66  to  1868. 

HUMPHRY,  THOMAS  CHAUNCEY, 
soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  legislator,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1846,  in  Magazine,  Ark.  He 
served  in  the  confederate  army  during 
the  civil  war.  In  1874-75  was  a  member 
•of  the  Arkansas  state  legislature;  and  in 
1893  wa-s  speaker  in  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  that  state.  For  two  years 
he  was  judge  of  county  and  probate  court 
of  Logan  county;  and  in  1890  was  elected 
judge  of  twelfth  circuit  of  Arkansas. 

HUN,  EDWARD  REYNOLDS,  physi 
cian,  author,  born  April  17,  1842,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  was  special  pathologist  to  the 
New  York  state  lunatic  asylum  at  Utica. 
He  translated  C.  Bouchard's  Secondary 
Degenerations  of  the  Spinal  Cord;  and 
contributed  numerous  articles  to  medi 
cal  journals,  which  include  Trichina  Spi- 
ralis;  Pulse  of  the  Insane;  and  Hfema- 
toma  Auris.  He  died  March  14,  1880,  in 
Stamford,  Conn. 

HUNGERFORD,  JOHN  N.,  banker,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1825,  in  Ver- 
non,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  na 
tional  republican  convention  of  1872;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat.  He  died  April  2,  1883,  in  Cor 
ning,  N.  Y. 

HUNGERFORD.  JOHN  PRATT,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  in  1760  in 
Leeds,  Va.  He  was  an  officer  of  the  revo 
lution;  and  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Virginia  from  1813  to  1817.  He  was 
a  brigadier-general  of  Virginia  militia  on 
the  Potomac  in  1814.  He  died  Dec.  21, 
1833,  in  Twiford,  Va. 

HUNGERFORD,  ORVILLE,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1790  in  Connecticut.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1843  to  1847.  He  died 
April  6,  1855,  in  Watertown,  Conn. 

HUNGERFORD,  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
statesman,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1786,  in 
East  Haddam.  Conn.  He  represented  East 
Haddam  in  the  legislature;  after  his  re 
moval  to  Hartford  was  several  times  a 
delegate  from  that  city,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
Connecticut  in  1818.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1873, 
in  Hartford,  Conn. 

HUNKE,  ALBERT  EDWARD,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1854,  in 
Heidelberg,  Germany.  In  1869  he  emi 
grated  to  America;  attended  the  Indiana 
State  Normal  school  of  Terre  Haute,  and 
became  a  professor  in  that  institution; 
and  subsequently  superintendent  of  city 
schools  of  Vincennes,  Ind.  He  has  deliv 
ered  many  lectures  before  teachers'  in 
stitutes;  and  was  the  president  of  the 
Southern  Indiana  Teachers'  association. 
He  is  the  author  of  School  Readings,  and 
other  works. 

HUNNEWELL,  JAMES  FROTHING- 
HAM,  author,  was  born  July  3,  1832,  in 
Charlestown.  Mass.  He  is  a  resident  of 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of 
Bibliography  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands;  The 
Lands  of  Scott;  The  Historical  Monu 
ments  of  France;  The  Imperial  Island; 
England's  Chronicle  in  Stone;  Biblio 
graphy  of  Charlestown  and  Bunker  Hill; 
and  A  Century  of  Town  Life,  a  History  of 
Charlestown. 

HUNT,  ALEXANDER  CAMERON,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1825,  in  New 
York  city.  From  1867-69  he  was  govern 
or  of  Colorado.  He  died  May  14,  1894,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 


HUNT,  MRS.  ANNA  SARGENT,  jour 
nalist,  poet.  In  1886  she  became  editor 
and  publisher  of  The  Home  Mission  Echo, 
of  Augusta,  Maine.  She  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  works,  and  has  contributed 
both  prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical 
press. 

HUNT,  BENJAMIN  FANEUIL,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1792,  in 
Watertown,  Mass.  In  1818  hs  was  elected 
to  the  state  house  of  representatives,  and 
was  repeatedly  re-elected  until  the  nulli 
fication  crisis.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1857,  in 
New  York  city. 

HUNT,  CARLETON,  soldier,  educator, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  1, 
1836,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  In  1860  he 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  of  the 
constitutional  union  party  at  Baton 
Rouge,  La.;  and  served  as  an  officer  in 
the  confederate  army.  He  was  state  ad 
ministrator  of  the  university  of  Louis 
iana  in  1866.  In  1872  and  1879  he  was  a 
member  of  the  democratic  state  conven 
tions  of  those  years;  and  in  1879  was 
professor  of  civil  law  in  the  University  of 
Louisiana.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Louisiana  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

HUNT,  CHARLES  SEDGWICK,  naval 
officer,  journalist,  was  born  April  7,  1842, 
in  Litchfield,  Conn.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  civil  war  he  entered  the  navy,  and 
became  acting  master  on  the  war-sloop 
Juniata.  Early  in  1876  he  joined  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  the  New  York  Times.  He 
died  Oct.  15,  1876,  in  New  York  city. 

HUNT,  EDWARD  BISSELL,  military 
engineer,  author,  was  born  June  15,  1822, 
in  Livingston  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
military  engineer;  and  the  author  of 
Union  Foundations:  a  Study  of  American 
Nationality.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1863,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HUNT,  EZRA  MUNDY,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1830,  in  Middlesex 
county,  N.  J.  He  is  a  physician  of  Tren 
ton.  N.  J.;  and  the  author  of  Patients' 
and  Physicians'  Assistant;  Physicians' 
Counsels;  Alcohol  as  Food  and  Medicine; 
and  Principles  of  Hygiene. 

HUNT,  FREEMAN,  publisher,  author, 
was  born  March  21,  1804,  in  Quincy,  Mass. 
He  was  a  publisher  of  New  York  city  who 
was  the  founder  of  Hunt's  Merchants' 
Magazine.  He  was  the  author  of  Lives  of 
American  Merchants;  Sketches  of  Female 
Character;  and  Letters  About  the  Hud 
son  River.  He  died  March  2,  1858,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HUNT,  HARRIET  KEZIA,  physician, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1805, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  She  was  a  physician 
of  Boston  who  lectured  upon  woman-suff 
rage  and  sanitary  reforms.  She  published 
Glances  and  Glimpses,  or  Fifty  Years'  So 
cial  and  Twenty  Years'  Professional  Life. 
She  died  Jan.  2,  1875,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

HUNT,  HENRY  JACKSON,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1819,  in  Detroit, 
Mich.  He  was  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
federal  army  during  the  civil  war,  bre- 
vetted  major-general  at  its  close.  He  was 
the  author  of  Instructions  for  Field  Ar 
tillery.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1889,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

HUNT,  HIRAM  P.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1835 
to  1837,  and  again  from  1839  to  1843. 

HUNT,  JAMES  B.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1799  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  Michigan  from 
1843  to  1847.  He  died  Aug.  15>  1857,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 


HUNT,  JEDEDIAH,  poet,  was  born  Dec. 
28,  1815,  in  Candor,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  poet  of 
Chilo,  Ohio,  and  the  author  of  Cottage 
Maid,  a  Tale  in  Rhyme. 

HUNT,  JOHN  WESLEY,  physician,  was 
born  Oct.  10,  1834,  in  Groveland,  N.  Y. 
He  served  on  the  house  surgical  staff  in 
Bellevue  hospital,  New  York  city,  and  be 
gan  practice  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  In 
1862  he  was  made  brigade-surgeon  of 
volunteers,  and  placed  in  charge  of  the 
Mill  Creek  hospital,  near  Fortress  Mon 
roe. 

HUNT,  JONATHAN,  congressman.  He 
represented  the  state  of  Vermont  in  con 
gress  from  1827  to  1832.  He  died  May  14, 
1832,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HUNT,  RANDALL,  lawyer,  orator, 
statesman,  was  born  in  1807  in  South 
Carolina.  He  became  a  successful  lawyer 
and  orator  of  New  Orleans,  La.  In  1866 
he  was  chosen  United  States  senator;  but 
the  seat  was  refused  him  on  his  arrival  in 
Washington,  because  of  his  attitude  dur 
ing  the  secession  movement.  During  1867- 
84  he  was  president  of  the  university  of 
Louisiana;  and  was  also  professor  of  law 
in  that  institution  during  1847-88.  He 
died  March  22,  1892,  in  New  Orleans  La. 

HUNT,  RICHARD  MORRIS,  architect, 
was  born  Oct.  31,  1828,  in  Brattleboro,  Vt. 
Among  the  structures  designed  by  him 
are  the  Lenox  library;  the  Presbyterian 
hospital;  the  Tribune  building;  the  Cen 
tral  Park  entrances  in  New  York  city.  He 
also  designed  the  Yorktown  monument  of 
Virginia;  and  the  pedestal  of  the  Statue 
of  Liberty  on  Bedloe's  Island. 

HUNT,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1802  to  1805. 

HUNT,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  18,  1810,  in  Attleboro, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Franklin,  Mass.  He  assisted  Hen 
ry  Wilson  in  writing  The  Rise  of  the 
Slave  Power,  and  completed  the  work 
after  Mr.  Wilson's  death.  He  was  author 
of  Political  Duties  of  Christians;  and  Let 
ter  to  the  Avowed  Friends  of  Missions. 
He  died  July  23,  1878,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

HUNT,  SAMUEL,  railroad  president, 
was  born  in  August,  1849,  in  Morrow, 
Ohio.  He  is  president  of  the  Ohio  River 
and  Charleston  railroad;  and  has  also 
been  president  of  \arious  other  roads. 

HUNT,  SANFORD,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1825  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
methodist  clergyman  of  prominence,  long 
associated  with  the  Methodist  Book  Con 
cern.  He  was  the  author  of  Handbook  for 
Trustees  of  Religious  Corporations  in  the 
State  of  New  York;  and  Laws  Relating 
to  Religious  Corporations  in  the  United 
States.  He  died  in  1896. 

HUNT,  THEODORE  G.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  thirty-third  congress 
from  Louisiana. 

HUNT,  THEODORE  WHITEFIELD, 
educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  19, 
1844,  in  Metuchen,  N.  J.  He  is  an  educa 
tor,  professor  of  English  literature  in 
Princeton  college;  and  the  author  of 
Principles  of  Written  Discourse;  English 
Prose  and  Prose  Writers;  and  Ethical 
Teachings  in  Old  English  Literature. 

HUNT,  THOMAS,  educator,  physician, 
surgeon,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  May  18,  1808,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  removed  to  New  Orleans,  where  he 
was  a  founder  of  the  university  of  Louis 
iana,  and  its  first  professor  of  anatomy. 
He  was  house-surgeon  to  the  Charity 
hospital;  president  of  the  Physico-med- 
ical  society  of  New  Orleans;  and  in  1866 
of  the  university  of  Louisiana.  He  died 
March  30,  1867,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 


512 


>IKKI:IM;SMAWS   ENCYCLOPEDIA  OF  AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


Ht'NT,  THOMAS  POAGE,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  in  1794,  in 
Charlotte  county,  Va.  He  was  a  clergy 
man  and  temperance  lecturer  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  and  the  author  of  History  of  Jesse 
Johnson  and  his  Times;  Death  by  Meas 
ure;  and  Liquor  Selling,  a  History  of 
Fraud,  which  include  the  most  of  his 
works.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1876,  in  Wyo 
ming  Valley,  Pa. 

HUNT,  THOMAS  STERRY,  educator, 
geologist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1826, 
in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  a  geologist 
who  was  professor  in  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology  in  1872-78;  and 
the  author  of  Chemical  and  Geological 
Essays;  Azoic  Rocks;  Mineral  Physiol 
ogy;  and  New  Basis  for  Chemistry.  He 
died  in  1892. 

HUNT.  TIMOTHY  ATWATER.  naval 
officer,  was  born  in  1805,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  entered  the  navy  as  midship 
man  in  1825,  became  lieutenant  in  1836, 
commander  in  1855,  captain  in  1862,  com 
modore  in  1863,  and  was  retired  in  1877. 
He  died  Jan.  21,  1884,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn. 

HUNT,  WARD,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  June  14,  1810,  in 
Utica,  N.  Y.  In  1838  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  assembly;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1839.  In  1844  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Utica;  and  in  1865  was  elected 
a  Judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  which  position  he  held 
until  1872,  when  he  was  appointed  a 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  March  24,  1886, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HUNT,  WASHINGTON,  lawyer,  jurist . 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  AUK 
5,  1811,  in  Windliam,  N.  Y.  In  1836  he  was 
appointed  first  judge 
of  Niagara  county. 
He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress 
from  1843  to  1849.  In 
1849  he  was  elected 
comptroller  of  New 
York;  and  in  1850 
governor  of  the 
state.  In  1860  he  was 
tendered  the  nomi 
nation  for  the  office 
of  vice-president,  but 
declined.  He  was  a 

delegate  to  the  Chicago  comention  in 
1864,  and  to  the  Philadelphia  national 
union  convention  in  1866.  He  died  Fell 
2.  1867,  in  New  York  city. 

HUNT.  WILLIAM,  Burgeon,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  26,  1825,  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.  He  has  been  demonstrator  of  anat 
omy  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  surgeon  of  the  Episcopal  and  Wills 
hospitals,  and  surgeon  of  the  Orthopedic 
and  Pennsylvania  hospitals.  He  is  joint 
author  of  Surgery  In  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  being  an  Epitome  of  the  hos 
pital  since  1756. 

HUNT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  educator, 
lawyer,  jurist,  lecturer,  born  June  12,  1824 
in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  acting  profes 
sor  and  lecturer  on  commercial  and  crim 
inal  law  in  the  university  nf  Louisiana  in 
1865  and  1866;  and  in  1876  was  appointed 
attorney-general  of  Louisiana  to  fill  a  va 
cancy.  He  was  subsequently  elected  in 
that  office,  sen  ing  until  1877.  In  1878  he 
was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  United 
States  court  of  claims;  resigned  In  1881,  to 
become  secretary  of  the  navy  in  the  cabi 
net  of  President  Garfleld.  He  died  Feb 
27,  1884. 

HUNT,  WILLIAM  MORRIS,  artist,  was 
born  March  31,  1824,  in  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


He  was  one  of  the  first  to  introduce  the 
French  School  of  Art  into  America,  and 
many  of  his  well-known  pictures  have 
been  reproduced  in  lithographs.  He  died 
Sept.  8,  1879,  in  Isle  of  Shoals,  N.  H. 

HUNT,  WOOLSTON,  soldier,  metallur 
gist,  inventor,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1838,  in 
Fallsington,  Pa.  He  attained  the  rank 
of  captain  during  the  civil  war.  He  has 
obtained  patents  for  improvements  in  bot 
tom  casting  of  steel  ingots;  for  making 
special  soft  Bessemer  steel;  and  also  au 
tomatic  tables  for  rolling-mills. 

HUNTER,  ANDREW,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1752  in  Virginia.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  brigade  chaplain  in  1775,  and 
served  throughout  the  revolution,  receiv 
ing  the  public  thanks  of  Gen.  Washing 
ton  for  valuable  aid  at  the  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth.  In  1810  he  became  a  chaplain 
in  the  navy.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1823,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

HUNTER,  ANDREW  J.,  engineer,  law 
yer,    jurist,    state    senator,    congressman, 
was    born   Dec.   17,   1831,    in   Greencastle, 
I  nd.     He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  in 
1864,  and  served  four 
years.     He  was     ap 
pointed    and    served 
as  a   member  of  the 
board   of     investiga 
tion  of  state  institu 
tions.    He  was  elect- 
.  j."^^^-^  ed   county  judge     of 

M    _^^^B  ^^    ''"       Edgar      county 
I    court    in      1886     and 
mm      .^H^IBB    again  in  1890.     serv 
ing  six  years.  In  1892 

lie  was  nominated  by  the  state  conven 
tion  as  a  candidate  for  congressman  at 
large,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HUNTKR.  DAVID,  soldier  was  born 
July  21,  1802.  in  Washington.  I).  C.  In 
1822  lie  graduated  from  the  United  Stale's 
Military  academy.  In 
1861  he  was  mail*' 
major-general  of  vol 
unteers;  and  he  con 
tributed  much  to  the 
success  at  Fort  Don- 
elson.  After  retiring 
fromactive  service  in 
1866  he  made  his 
home  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  He  married  a 
daughter  of  John 
Kinzie.who  was  not 
ed  for  having  been 
the  first  permanent  citizen  of  Chicago.  He 
died  Feb.  2,  1886,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HUNTER.  EDWIN  GUSTAVUS,  clergy 
man,  missionary,  journalist,  was  born 
Jan.  21,  1846,  in  Canada.  This  eminent 
clergyman  is  the  editor  of  The  Church 
Worker,  a  diocesan  paper  published  in 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 

HUNTER,  ELLSWORTH  M.,  journal 
ist,  was  born  April  11,  1861,  in  Hubbard- 
ton,  Vt.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of 
The  Vermont  Record  of  Fair  Haven.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  republican 
county  committee;  and  for  many  years 
was  judge  of  the  police  court. 

HUNTER,  JOHN,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  about  1760  In 
South  Carolina.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  South  Carolina  from 
1793  to  1795;  and  a  senator  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1795  to  1796. 

HUNTER,  JOHN  DUNN,  adventurer, 
author,  was  born  about  1798  in  Settlement 
west  of  the  Mississippi.  He  was  an  ad 
venturer  Whose  Manners  and  Customs  of 


the  Indian  Tribes  West  of  the  Mississippi 
once  attracted  much  attention.  He  died 
in  1827  near  Nacogdoches,  Texas. 

HUNTER,  JOHN  GARNISS,  soldier, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Nov.  13,  1840,  in  Maysville,  Ky.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Centre  college. 
Ky. ;  and  at  the  Union  Theological  semi 
nary  of  Virginia.  During  the  war  he  was 
a  captain  in  the  confederate  service.  He 
is  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  Southern 
Presbyterian  church;  has  been  secretary 
of  the  board  of  curators  of  the  Central 
university  of  Kentucky;  and  president  of 
the  Louis\ille  Presbyterian  Theological 
seminary.  In  1882  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  valuable  re 
view  articles,  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  religious  and  educational  litera 
ture. 

HUNTER.  JOHN  WARD,  was  born  Oct. 
15,  1807,  in  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.  In  1865  he 
accepted  the  position  of  secretary  of  a 
banking  institution  in  Brooklyn;  and  in 
1866  was  elected,  by  a  large  majority,  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress. 

HUNTER,  LEWIS  BOUDINOT,  surgeon, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1804,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 
He  served  during  the  Mexican  war  on  the- 
Saratoga,  and  during  the  civil  war  as 
fleet-surgeon  of  the  North  Atlantic  squad 
ron  under  Admiral  Porter.  In  1871  he 
was  made  medical  director,  with  the  rank 
of  commodore,  and  retired.  He  died  June' 
24,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HUNTKR.  MORTON  CRAIG,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  5,  1825,  in  Versailles,  Ind.  In 
1858  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1860  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor.  In  1862  he  raised  the  eighty-second" 
regiment  of  Indiana  volunteers,  and  as 
colonel  commanded  it  until  the  fall  of  At 
lanta  in  1864;  and  in  1865  was  brevettetl 
a  brigadier-general.  In  1866  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
fortieth  congress;  and  elected  to  the  for 
ty-third,  forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

HUNTER,  NAISWORTHY,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  in  congress  from 
the  territory  of  Mississippi  from  1801  to 
1802.  He  died  March  11,  1802. 

HUNTER.  ROBERT,  governor.  In  1707 
he  was  appointed  colonial  governor  of 
Virginia;  in  1710  was  appointed  govern 
or  of  New  York  and  of  East  and  West 
New  Jersey.  He  died  March  11,  1734. 

HUNTER,  ROBERT,  physician,  author, 
was  born  June  14,  1826,  in  England.  He 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  successful 
physician  of  Chicago  and  New  York.  He 
is  the  author  of  A  Treatise  on  the  Lungs 
and  their  Diseases;  The  Air  as  the  Source 
of  Life;  and  others. 

HUNTER,  ROBERT  MERCER  TALIA- 
FERRO,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man.  United  States  senator,  born  April  21. 
1809,  in  Essex  county.  Va.  He  served 
three  years  in  the  state  legislature;  and 
was  first  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  his  native  state  in  1837,  when 
he  served  two  terms;  and  was  again 
elected  in  1845,  officiating  during  the 
twenty-sixth  congress  as  speaker.  In  1847 
he  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  for 
a  long  term,  and  re-elected  for  the  term 
ending  in  1859.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
senate,  in  1859  for  another  term,  but  was 
expelled  in  1861.  He  took  part  in  the  re 
bellion  as  secretary  of  state,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  in  the  confederate  gov 
ernment.  He  died  July  18,  1887.  in  Es 
sex  county,  Va. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


513 


HUNTER,  W.  GODFREY,  surgeon,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  25, 
1841.  He  was  a  surgeon  in  the  union 
army  during  the  civil  war.  He  was  three 
times  elected  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
legislature;  and  was  a  member  of  the  fif 
tieth  and  fifty-fourth  congresses. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1807  and  1809;  a  state 
counselor  in  1809,  1814  and  1815;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ver 
mont  from  1817  to  1819. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  26 
1774,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  In  1799  he  was  a 
representative  in  the  general  assembly  of 
Rhode  Island,  and  re-elected  at  different- 
periods  from  that  time  to  the  year  1811, 
when  he  was  chosen  a  senator  in  con 
gress,  and  held  his  seat  until  1821.  He 
died  Dec.  3,  1849,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  public  of 
ficial,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1805,  in  Newport, 
R.  I.  In  1852  he  was  made  chief  clerk 
by  Daniel  Webster;  in  1853  was  offered 
the  position  of  first  assistant  secretary, 
but  declined.  In  1866  he  was  appointed 
second  assistant  secretary  of  the  depart 
ment  in  Washington.  He  died  July  22, 
1886,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM  D.  H.,  physician, 
journalist,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  8, 
1830,  in  Lawrenceburg,  Ind.  After  taking 
a  scientific  course  in  the  Asbury  univer 
sity,  he  moved  to  Missouri,  read  medi 
cine,  and  later  attended  lectures  at  the 
Ohio  Medical  college  of  Cincinnati.  He 
practiced  his  profession  in  Missouri,  but 
in  time  drifted  into  politics  and  journal 
ism.  For  fourteen  years  he  was  editor 
and  owner  of  the  Missouri  Ledger  of  Mex 
ico;  served  as  mayor  of  his  city  for  sev 
eral  terms;  was  councilman  and  also 
postmaster  for  a  long  time.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  a  representative  to  the  Mis 
souri  state  legislature;  in  1866  was  ap 
pointed  assessor  of  internal  revenue;  and 
in  1868  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
democratic  convention.  He  was  a  direc 
tor  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  and 
Northern  railway,  and  other  companies. 
In  1871  he  returned  to  Lawrenceburg,  and 
since  1877  has  been  editor  and  owner  of 
The  Register  of  that  city  until  he  entered 
the  banking  business.  He  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  Southern  Indiana  Editorial 
association;  president  of  the  board  of  ed 
ucation;  and  prominent  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1808,  in 
Alexandria,  Va.  He  removed  to  Ohio, 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1849  to  1853. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM  H.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1837  to  1839. 

HUNTINGTON,  ABEL,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Norwich,  Conn. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1833  to  1837;  was  collec 
tor  of  Sag  Harbor  under  President  Polk; 
and  member  of  the  New  York  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1846.  He  died  May 
18,  1858,  in  East  Hampton. 

HUNTINGTON,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  April  19, 
1736,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  continental  congress  from  1780 
to  1784,  and  also  from  1787  to  1788, 
and  a  representative  in  congress  un 
der  the  constitution  from  1790  to  1791, 
He  was  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
the  state  from  1793  to  1798.  He  died  Oct. 
16,  1800,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 

33 


HUNTINGTON,  COLLIS  POTTER,  was 
born  Oct.  22,  1821,  in  Harwinton,  Conn. 
In  Sacramento  he  commenced  business 
under  the  name  of  C. 
P.  Huntington,  but 
afterward  estab- 
lished  the  well- 
known  hardware 
house  of  Huntington 
and  Hopkins,  which 
has  continued  up  to 
the  present  day.  The 
result  of  his  labors 
is  summed  up  in  the 
acts  of  congress  of 
1862  and  1864,  by 
which  the  govern 
ment  agreed  to  give  lands  and  bonds  to 
aid  in  the  construction  of  the  Pacific 
road.  When  Col.  Scott  sought  to  extend 
the  Texas  Pacific  to  the  west  coast,  Mr. 
Huntington  rapidly  threw  the  Southern 
Pacific  across  the  desert  wastes  of  Ari 
zona  and  New  Mexico,  met  Col.  Scott's 
line  east  of  El  Paso  and  continued  build 
ing  eastwardly  until  he  reached  San  An 
tonio. 

HUNTINGTON,  DANIEL,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1788, 
in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  taught  a  young 
ladies'  school  in  New  London,  but  in 
1841  resumed  his  pastoral  charge  in  North 
Bridgewater.  He  was  the  author  of  Re 
ligion,  a  poem  delivered  at  Brown,  Aug. 
31,  1819;  Triumphs  of  Faith,  delivered  at 
Andover  seminary,  Sept.  21,  1830;  and 
a  Memorial  of  his  daughter,  Mary  Hal- 
lam.  He  died  May  21,  1858,  in  New  Lon 
don,  Conn. 

HUNTINGTON,  E.  M.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  an  emigrant  from  New  England 
to  Indiana,  and  about  the  year  1844  was 
appointed  United  States  judge  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Indiana,  residing  at  Terre  Haute. 

HUNTINGTON,  EBENEZER,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1754,  in 
Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  twice  elected  to 
congress  from  Connecticut,  serving  from 
1810  to  1811,  and  again  from  1817  to  1819. 
In  1799  he  was  appointed  a  brigadier- 
general  in  the  army  raised  by  congress 
when  expectations  were  entertained  of  a 
war  with  France.  He  died  June  17,  1834, 
in  Norwich,  Conn. 

HUNTINGTON,  ELISHA,  physician, 
lieutenant-governor,  author,  was  born 
April  9,  1796,  in  Topsfield,  Mass.  He  was 
lieutenant-governor  of  Massachusetts  in 
1853,  and  was  at  one  time  president  of 
the  Massachusetts  Medical  society.  He 
published  addresses  and  a  Memoir  of 
Prof.  Elisha  Bartlett.  He  died  Dec.  10, 
1865,  in  Lowell,  Mass. 

HUNTINGTON,  FREDERIC  DAN,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  May  28,  1819,  in  Had- 
ley,  Mass.  He  is  the  first  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop  of  Central  New  York.  He 
was  in  earlier  life  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man,  and  in  1842  was  professor  of  Chris 
tian  morals  in  Harvard  university.  He 
entered  the  episcopal  ministry  in  1860, 
and  was  consecrated  bishop  in  1864.  He 
is  the  author  of  Christian  Believing  and 
Living;  Sermons  for  the  People;  Christ 
in  the  Christian  Year;  Steps  to  a  Liv 
ing  Faith;  Lessons  on  the  Parables; 
Helps  to  a  Holy  Lent;  Christ  in  the 
World;  Forty  Days  with  the  Master;  The 
Fitness  of  Christianity  to  Man;  and  Hu 
man  Society. 

HUNTINGTON,  JABEZ,  soldier,  was 
born  Aug.  7,  1719,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 
During  the  revolutionary  war  he  was  ac 
tive  on  the  committee  of  safety,  and 
from  September,  1776,  was  major-general 
of  militia.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1786,  in  Nor 
wich,  Conn. 


HUNTINGTON,  JABEZ  WILLIAMS, 
jurist,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1788,  in  Norwich, 
Conn.  In  1828  he  was  elected  to  the 
Connecticut  state  legislature.  In  1829  he 
was  a  representative  in  congress,  which 
office  he  filled  until  1834.  He  became  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  errors;  was 
chosen  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
his  state;  and  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  1840  until  his  death.  He  died  Nov.  1, 
1847,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 

HUNTINGTON,  JEDEDIAH  VINCENT, 
clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  20,  1815,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
a  writer  who  was  once  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman,  but  became  a  Roman  catholic  lay 
man.  He  was  a  journalist  in  St.  Louis  for 
some  years,  and  died  in  France.  He  was 
the  author  of  America  Discovered:  a  Po 
em;  Alban,  or  the  History  of  a  Young 
Puritan;  Poems;  Lady  Alice,  of  the  New 
Una;  Blonde  and  Brunette;  and  Rose 
mary,  or  Life  and  Death.  He  died  March 
10,  1862,  in  France. 

HUNTINGTON,  JOSHUA,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1786,  in  Nor 
wich,  Conn.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  American  Educational  society  in 
1815;  and  was  president  of  the  Boston 
Society  for  the  Religious  and  Moral  In 
struction  of  the  Poor,  which  was  founded 
in  1816.  He  was  the  author  of  the  Life 
of  Abigail  Waters.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1819, 
in  Groton,  Mass. 

HUNTINGTON,  ROBERT  W.,  naval 
officer.  Under  his  command  the  forces  of 
the  United  States  planted  the  American 
flag  on  Cuban  soil  and  took  possession 
of  the  island. 

HUNTINGTON,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jur 
ist.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Michigan. 

HUNTINGTON,  SAMUEL,  governor, 
was  born  Oct.  4,  1765,  in  Coventry,  Conn. 
In  1808  he  was  elected  governor  of  Ohio 
and  served  until  1810.  He  died  June  8, 
1878,  in  Painesville,  Ohio. 

HUNTINGTON,  SAMUEL,  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  was  born 
July  3,  1731,  in  Windham,  Conn.  In  1764r 
he  was  elected  to  the 
general  assembly  of 
Connecticut;  in  1765 
was  appointed 
king's  attorney; 
in  1774  was  appoint 
ed  a  judge  of  the  su 
perior  court;  and 
in  1775  elected  to  the 
council.  He  was  a 
signer  of  the  Decla 
ration  of  Independ 
ence,  and  of  the  ar 
ticles  of  confedera 
tion.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continent 
al  congress  from  1767  to  1784,  serving  as 
president  in  1779;  and  in  1784  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice.  He  was  governor  of 
the  state  of  Connecticut  from  1786  to 
1796.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1796,  in  Windham, 
Conn. 

HUNTINGTON,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  governor,  was 
born  Oct.  4,  1765,  in  Coventry,  Conn.  He 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1800  and  settled  near 
Painesville.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  in  1802  and  1803;  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  that  framed  the 
constitution  of  the  state  in  1802;  and  a 
senator  in  the  first  legislature  and  chosen 
speaker.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court  in  1803;  and  afterward  chief  jus 
tice.  He  was  governor  from  1808  to  1810; 
and  member  of  the  legislature  in  1811  and 
1812.  He  died  June  8,  1817,  in  Painesville 
Ohio. 


514 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


HUNTINGTON,  SUSAN  MANSFIELD, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1791.  She  wrote 
a  story  entitled  Little  Lucy.  Her  me 
moirs,  with  her  letters,  journal,  and  poet 
ry,  were  published  by  Benjamin  B.  Wis- 
ner  in  1829.  She  died  in  1823. 

HUNTINGTON,  WILLIAM  HENRY, 
philanthropist,  was  born  May  30,  1820,  in 
Norwich,  Conn.  He  went  to  Europe  in 
1858,  and  was  correspondent  of  the  New 
York  Tribune  for  twenty  years.  He  gave 
away  a  large  part  of  his  income  in  pri 
vate  charities,  an'd  voluntarily  remained 
in  Paris  during  the  siege  of  1870-71  to 
relieve  the  suffering  and  poor  in  his  own 
quarter.  He  died  Oct.  1,  1885,  in  France. 

HUNTINGTON,  WILLIAM  REED, 
clergyman,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
20,  1838,  in  Lowell,  Mass.  He  is  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  of  prominence  as  a  broad 
<-hurchman.  He  was  rector  of  All  Saints 
church  at  Worcester,  in  1862-83,  and  since 
1883  has  been  rector  of  Grace  church, 
New  York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Church  Idea;  Conditional  Immortality; 
The  Peace  of  the  Church;  The  Church 
Porch;  Questions  on  the  Fourth  Gospel; 
The  Causes  of  the  Soul:  Short  History  of 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer;  and  Quln- 
quaginta,  a  book  of  fifty  poems. 

HUNTON,  EPPA.  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1823.  in 
Fauquier  county,  Va.  He  was  state  at 
torney  for  the  county  of  Prince  William, 
Va.,  from  1849  to  1862;  and  was  elected 
to  the  state  convention  in  1861.  He  en 
tered  the  confederate  army  as  colonel  of 
the  eighth  Virginia  infantry;  was  pro 
moted  after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg; 
served  through  the  war  as  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third, 
forty-fourth,  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth 
congresses;  and  in  1892-95  served  in  the 
I'nited  States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

HUNTON,  JONATHAN  G.,  governor, 
was  born  in  1781,  in  Unity,  N.  H.  He 
was  governor  of  Maine  in  1830  and  1831. 
He  died  Oct.  14.  1851,  in  Fairfield,  Maine. 

HUNTSMAN,  ADAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Tennessee  from 
1835  to  1837. 

HUPP,  JOHN  COX,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  Nov.  24,  1819,  in  Washington, 
Pa.  He  is  a  distinguished  physician  and 
representative  citi 
zen  of  Wheeling,  W. 
Va. ;  and  comes  of  a 
family  noted  for  he 
roism  and  sacrifice 
in  the  days  of  In 
dian  warfare.  He 
was  educated  at 
West  Alexander 

academy,  and  at 
Washington  college, 
Pennsylvania,  from 
which  latter  institu 
tion  he  graduated  in 
1844.  In  1847  he  graduated  in  medicine 
from  the  Jefferson  Medical  college,  and  at 
once  entered  into  the  general  practice  of 
medicine  at  Wheeling.  Dr.  Hupp  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  medical  socie 
ty  of  the  state  of  West  Virginia;  and  in 
1870  he  brought  chloral  hydrate  to  the  no 
tice  of  the  profession  in  a  case  of  puerpe 
ral  mania.  He  was  instrumental  in  estab 
lishing  the  evening  free  school,  and  in 
the  general  advancement  of  educational 
work  in  his  city  and  state.  In  1875  he 
was  a  delegate  of  the  American  Medical 
association  to  the  European  Medical  as 
sociation;  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
leading  medical  bodies  of  America  and 
Europe;  and  has  filled  all  the  offices  of 
honor  in  their  gift.  He  is  the  author  of 
numerous  medical  papers  and  contribu 


tions  to  medical  literature,  and  ranks  as 
one  of  the  foremost  physicians  in  the 
south. 

KURD,  FRANK  HUNT,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1841.  in 
Mount  Vernon,  Ohio.  He  was  made  a 
county  prosecuting  attorney  in  1863;  and 
a  state  senator  in  1866.  He  codified  the 
criminal  code  of  Ohio  in  1868,  which  was 
duly  published.  In  1874  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress;  was  also  elected  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-eighth  congresses  as 
a  democrat. 

HURD,  HELEN  MARR,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  Feb.  2,  1839,  in  Harmony,  Maine. 
In  her  youth  she  was  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work;  and  has  contributed  poems 
to  periodical  literature  during  the  past 
forty  years.  In  1887  she  published  a  vol 
ume  entitled  Poetical  Works,  a  work  of 
real  merit;  this  was  followed  by  another 
volume  in  1890.  She  takes  an  active  in 
terest  in  the  cause  of  temperance  and 
other  movements  in  the  interest  of  hu 
manity. 

HURD,  JOHN  CODMAN,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  11,  1816,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  writer  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of 
The  Law  of  Freedom  and  Bondage  in  the 
United  States;  and  The  Theory  of  Our 
National  Existence.  He  died  in  1892. 

HURD,  NATHANIEL,  engraver,  was 
born  Feb.  13,  1730.  He  was  probably  the 
first  in  this  country  to  engrave  on  cop 
per.  He  engraved  the  seal  of  Harvard 
university.  He  died  Dec.  17,  1777. 

HURLBURT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  July  3,  11827,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
New  York  city  of  much  prominence  a"t  one 
time  as  one  of  the  editors  of  the  World. 
His  latest  years  were  spent  in  Europe. 
He  was  the  author  of  Gan  Eden,  or  Pic 
tures  of  Cuba;  and  General  McClellan 
and  the  Conduct  of  the  War.  He  died  in 
1895. 

HURLBUT.  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  mer 
chant,  patriot,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1808.  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  a  successful  hat 
.„-___  merchant  of  New 

^  York  city;   and  dur- 

T&O.  ing  the  civil  war  was 
ijjKSf,  foremost  in  sustain- 
.,-  rJjt*  in.K  tne  government 
•^*  ^Tr;-  with  voice  and 
purse.  For  many 
years  he  was  com 
missioner  of  emigra 
tion  for  the  state  of 
New  York.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Second  Na 
tional  bank,  and  for 
M  time  its  president.  He  was  also  active 
in  various  philanthropic  movements. 

HURLBUT,  STEPHEN  AUGUSTUS, 
soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  29,  1815,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
settled  in  Belvidere,  111.;  and  was  elected 
to  the  constitutional  convention  of  1847. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1848;  a 
member  of  the  legislature  in  1859,  1861, 
and  1867;  and  presidential  elector  in  1868. 
He  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  vol 
unteers  in  1861:  and  was  promoted  major- 
general  in  1862.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-third 
congress;  and  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress.  He  died  March  27,  1882. 

HURLBUT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.  8,  1837,  in  Venice,  N.  Y.  Since  1877 
he  has  been  United  States  examining  sur 
geon  for  pensions;  and  in  1896  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  state  legis 
lature. 


HURLBUT,  JESSE  LYMAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1843,  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  memodist  clergyman  of 
prominence  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey, 
and  the  author  of  Manual  of  Biblical 
Theology;  Studies  in  the  Four  Gospels; 
and  Outlines  in  Old  Testament  History. 

HURLEY,    DENIS    M.,    business    man, 
congressman,  was  born  March  14,  1843,  in 
Ireland.     He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and   learned 
the  carpenter's 

trade.  He  is  in  the 
contracting  b  u  s  i- 
ness,  and  at  present 
is  connected  with 
the  W.  H.  Beard 
Dredging  company 
of  New  York  city.  He 
was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  of  the  re 
publican  party  for 
member  of  assembly 
in  the  first  assembly 
district  of  Kings  county  in  1881-82;  was 
elected  to  tne  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

HURST,  CALVIN,  lawyer,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  1860,  in  Claiborne  county,  Tenn. 
He  received  a  liberal  education;  taught 
school  during  1878-82;  and  during  1885-90 
was  engaged  in  land  surveying  and 
draughting.  He  has  attained  success  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Pineville,  Ky. ;  nas 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  political  af 
fairs  of  his  state;  and  is  president  of  the 
Bryan  Silver  club  of  his  city. 

HURST,  JOHN  FLETCHER,  clergy 
man,  college  president, bishop, author, was 
born  Aug.  17,  1834,  near  Salem,  Md.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  Drew  Theolo 
gical  seminary;  a  bishop  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church;  and  is  now  chancellor 
of  the  American  university  of  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  He  is  the  author  of  Literature 
of  Theology;  History  of  Rationalism; 
Martyrs  to  the  Tract  Cause;  Life  and  Lit 
erature  in  the  Fatherland;  Outline  of 
Church  History;  Our  Theological  Cen 
tury;  Bibliotheca  Theologica;  Short  His 
tories  of  the  Church;  Short  History  of  the 
Christian  Church;  Indica,  the  Country 
and  People  of  India  and  Ceylon,  include 
the  greater  part  of  his  original  works. 
He  is  aiso  the  translator  of  Hagenbach's 
History  of  the  Church  in  the  Eighteenth 
and  Nineteenth  Centuries;  of  Van  Ooster- 
zee's  Lectures  on  John's  Gospel;  and  of 
Lange's  Commentary  on  the  Epistle  to 
the  Romans,  with  additions. 

HUSBANDS,  HERMAN,  patriot,  was 
born  near  Philadelphia.  Pa.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  of  North 
Carolina,  and  subsequently  was  a  member 
of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  in  1778. 
He  died  in  March.  1795,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

HUSE,  MARY  STICKNEY,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1858,  in  Damaris- 
cotta,  Maine.  After  receiving  a  liberal 
education,  she  engaged  in  educational 
work;  for  two  years  in  a  kindergarten 
school  at  St.  Paul.  Minn.,  and  then  in  the 
primary  department  at  Princeton. 

HUSE,  WILLIAM  L.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  March  9,  1835,  in  Danville, 
Vt.  He  is  president  of  the  Chicago.  Pa- 
ducah  and  Memphis  railroad;  and  also  of 
various  other  roads. 

HISKE.  ELLIS,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  about  1700.  He  was  a  resident  of 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  previous  to  his  be 
coming  postmaster  of  Boston  in  1734.  and 
was  a  councillor  of  New  Hampshire  in 
1733-55.  He  published  the  Boston  Week 
ly  Post-Boy  from  1(34  till  1755.  and  was 
the  reputed  author  of  The  Present  State 
of  North  America.  He  died  in  1755. 


HUSSEY,  CORNELIA  COLLINS  suf 
fragist,  was  born  July  7,  1827  in'  New 
York  city.  She  was  the  founder  of  the 

^^^  _____    New  York  Infirmary 

;    for       Women       and 
-y^,    »  Children;     and     has 

-•     '  f    keen   trustee   of  the 

New    York    Colored 
•_|r  I    Orphan  Asylum.  She 

mm     «J*  a^j     I    is  a   member  of  the 
I    Association   for  Ad- 
•^          '^\   j         vancement    of    Wo- 
Bk       _  ^j  I    men;    a   member   of 

I    the  Woman's  Chris- 
I    t  i  a  n       Temperance 
^    union  of  the  state  of 
New     Jersey;     vice- 
president  of  the  National  Woman's  Suf 
frage  society;   and  a  member  of  the  So 
ciety    for   the    Prevention   of    Cruelty    to 
Children;  and  of  Dumb  Animals. 

HUSSEY,  JOHN  M.,  educator,  lecturer, 
college  president,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1863, 
in  Stanben-y.  Mo.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Grand 
River  college,  and  in 
the  Missouri  normal 
schools.  He  has 
taught  country 
schools,  graded  and 
high  schools;  and 
has  been  conductor 
of  nearly  a  score  of 
county  institutes  in 
Nebraska,  Missouri 
and  Iowa.  He  is 
considered  one  of 
the  most  successful 

private  normal  school  men  in  the  west- 
ami  is  now  the  president  and  proprietor 
t  the  Western  Normal  college,  and  the 
bhenandoah  Commercial  Institute  and 
Musical  Conservatory  of  Shenandoah 
Iowa. 

HUSSMAN,  BERNARD  L.,  educator 
farmer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Aug  2 
1855,  in  St.  Clair  county,  111.  For  many 
years  he  was  principal  of  the  Aviston 
public  schools.  In  1897  he  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  Illinois  state  legis 
lature  from  Effingham  county,  where  he 
is  a  successful  farmer. 

HUSSONG,  EDWARD  MARSTON  edu 
cator,  botanist,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1864 
in  Ames,  Iowa.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  Ames  Agricultural  college,  and  at 
the  university  of  Nebraska.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  engaged  in  educational 
work  with  success;  and  is  now  principal 
'f  public  schools  of  Franklin,  Neb.  He 
has  been  a  successful  editorial  writer 
and  journalist,  and  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  botanical  and  educational  works. 

HUSTED,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  states 
man,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1833.  in  Bedford, 
Westchester,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  for 
many  years  a  member  and  also  speaker 
of  the  assembly.  In  18v3  he  was  appointed 
major-general  of  the  national  guard  of 
the  state  of  New  York.  He  was  president 
of  the  New  York  state  military  associa 
tion  in  1875-76,  and  is  popularly  known 
as  the  Bald  Eagle  of  Westchester. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


was  a  delegate  in  the  constitutional  con 
vention.  During  1869-72  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Michigan  state  legislature;  was 
state  senator  in  1879;  and  in  1890  was 
appointed  attorney-general  of  the  state  of 
Michigan. 

HUTCHERSON.  WILSON  EDWIN  ed- 
"c£,tor'  clersyman,  was  born  Sept!  13, 
1863,  in  Holly  Springs,  Miss.  He  gradu 
ated  from  the  Wiley  university  of  Mar 
shall,  Texas.  He  has  attained  success  as 
an  educator,  and  as  a  clergyman  in  the 
lexas  conference.  He  now  fills  a  pastor 
ate  in  Caldwell,  Texas. 

HUTCHESON,  JOSEPH  C.,  soldier 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman  was 
born  May  18,  1842,  in  Mecklenburg  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier 
in  the  twenty-first  Virginia  regiment; 
served  in  the  Valley  under  Stonewall 
Jackson  and  surrendered  at  Appomattox. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Texas  legislature 
in  1880;  is  the  senior  member  of  one  of 
the  most  prominent  law  firms  in  Texas- 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  and 
fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HUTCHINS,  CHARLES  LEWIS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1838  in 
Concord,  N.  H.  Since  1872  he  has  been 
rector  of  Grace  church,  Medford,  Mass. 
He  has  published  several  collections  of 
church  music,  among  which  are,  Sun 
day-School  Hymnal;  Annotations  of  the 
Hymnal;  Church  Hymnal;  and  Sunday- 
School  Hymnal  and  Service-Book. 

HUTCHINS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  July  25, 
1812,  in  Vienna  township,  Ohio.  In  1849 
he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  legislature. 
In  1858  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress- 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress.  He  was  also  a  delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  loyalists'  convention  in  1866. 

HUTCHINS.  JOHN  CORYDON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  8,  1840,  in  Warren, 
Ohio.  In  1877  he  was  elected  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Cuyahoga  county;  in  1883  was 
elected  judge  of  the  municipal  court  of 
Cleveland;  and  re-elected  in  1885. 

HUTCHINS,  STILSON,  journalist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  14  I83o' 
in  Whitefield.  N.  H.  The  Washington 
Post  was  founded  by  him  in  1877,  and  be 
came  almost  immediately  successful.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Missouri  and 
New  Hampshire  legislatures. 

HUTCHINS,  THOMAS,  geographer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1730,  in  Monmouth, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  noted  geographer  of  the 
colonial  period,  and  the  author  of  Topo 
graphical  Description  of  Virginia,  etc.; 
and  History,  Narrative  and  Topograph 
ical  Description  of  Louisiana  and  West 
Florida.  He  died  April  28,  1789,  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa. 


515 


h  «  1882  to  1892  ne  was  President 
the  Houston  and  Texas  Central  rail 
way;  and  has  been  president  of  numer 
ous  other  railroads. 

HUTCHINSON,      AARON,      clergyman 

author,  was  born  in  March,  1722    in  Heb- 

an,  Conn,     he  was  one  of  the  'foremost 

classical  scholars  of  his  time  in  America- 

and   was   actively   engaged    in    preaching 


HUSTON,  BENJAMIN  W.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  March  5,  1830 
in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Michi 
gan  with  his  father  in  1836;  and  subse 
quently  taught  school  and  attended  the 
Ypsilanti  seminary  for  several  terms.  In 

1854  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  since 

1855  has  practiced  his  profession  in  Vas- 
sar,   Mich.     In   1862   he  entered  the  civil 
war  as  captain  in  the  twenty-third  regi 
ment  Michigan  volunteers,  became  major 
and  served  until  1865.     He  has  served  as 
prosecuting  attorney;  in  1866  was  elected 
circuit  court  commissioner:    and  in   1867 


HUTCHINS,  WALDO,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1823, 
in  Brooklyn,  Conn.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  house  of  representatives  of  New 
York  in  1852;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  and  forty-eighth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

HUTCHINS,  WELLS  A.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  8. 
1818,  in  Hartford,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1851;  and  in 
1862  was  appointed  one  of  the  six  pro 
vost-marshals  for  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty, 
eighth  congress. 

HUTCHINSON,  A.  C.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Feu.  2,  1832,  in  Brooklyn, 


HUTCHINSON,  CHARLES  L.    banker 

Snba°rh  MarCh  7'  1854'  in  Lynn    Mass'. 
has   been   president  of   ihe  Corn   Ex- 

n^^   SinCe   its  reo'-ganization   in 
and   is  ex-presiaent   of  the  Chicago 

WorM'°f  Tl',ade-    He  Was  a  ^rector  of  th" 
Worlds  Columbian  exposition      The  Art 

fof  ro?te,'  of  wh*h  "e  has  been  presiden 
foi  fourteen  years,  is  the  apple  of  his  eye 
Much  of  his  time  has  been  given  to  this 
,         bab,y  n/one  eto  thte 

""    develo^™t   and 


.   HUTCHINSON,       ELLEN       MACKAY 

Yor'kna1^'  aUn"?r'  P°et'  Was  bo™  in  New 
York.    She  is  a  literary  journalist  of  New 

^/h    F  W^  TribUlle  Staff'  and  «»tor 
•.   C.    Stedman   of  The   Library  of 
American  Literature,  in  eleven  volumes 
She  has  published  Songs  and  Lyrics. 

HUTCHINSON,  JESSE,  poet  He 
wrote  many  songs  lor  popular  airs,  which 
he  sang  with  effect.  The  principal  of 
these  were  the  Emancipation  Song;  Fam 
ily  Song,  Old  Granite  State;  Good  Old 
Days  of  Yore;  and  The  Slave  Mother. 

HUTCHINSON.  JESSE,  farmer  was 
born  Feb.  3,  1778,  in  Middletown,  Vass 
He  was  the  father  of  the  famous  Hutchin- 
son  family,  who  achieved  a  reputation  as 
popular  singers,  and  were  identified  with 
the  anti-slavery  and  temperance  move 
ments.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1851,  in  Milford 

IN  .    ri. 

HUTCHINSON,    JOHN    ALEXANDER 
awyer,    legislator,    author,    was    born    in 
'40,  in  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.     In  1872  he 
was   made    prosecuting   county   attorney 
serving  nine  years.     He  served  one  term 
s  a  member  in  the  state  house  of  dele- 

8atT6S  "}  ™st  Vir§inia-    He  is  the  author 
of  Land  Titles  in  Virginia  and  West  Vir- 

f',nia;   and    A    Treatise   on    the   Laws    of 
West  Virginia. 

HUTCHINSON,  JOHN  RUSSELL  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  college  president,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1807,  in  Colum 
bia  county,  Pa.  He  was  professor  of  an- 

'•iei11icna,nguages  in  Oaklan<l  college,  Miss. 
1854,  and  afterward  president  of  the 
college.      He   was   the   author   of  Remin 
iscences,    Sketches,    and    Addresses      He 
died  Feb.  ^4,  1878 


HUTCHINSON,      THOMAS,      governor 
author,  was  oorn  Sept.  9,  1711,  in  Boston' 
Mass.    He  was  the  last  royal  governor  of 
Massachusetts.       An 
historian     of     great 
ability,     but     whose 
merits  as  such  were 
not     recognized     by 
his     contemporaries. 
His    History    of    the 
Colony  of  Massachu 
setts  Bay,  the  third 
and    last   volume   of 
which  was  not  pub- 
/    ^M        ^k       lished  till  nearly  fif- 

"  -••••k  'y  years  after  his 

death,     begins    with 

the  year  1628   and  closes   with   the  year 
1774.     He  published  also  a  Collection  of 
Original  Papers  relating  to  the  same  sub 
ject     He  died  June  3,  1780,  near  London 
England. 


516 


HFRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


HUTCHISON,  JOSEPH  CHRISMAN, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1822, 
in  Old  Franklin,  Mo.  He  was  a  noted 
physician  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  author 
of  History  of  Asiatic  Cholera  in  Brook 
lyn;  Physiology  and  Hygiene;  Contribu 
tions  to  Orthopaedic  Surgery;  and  Acu 
pressure.  He  died  in  1867. 

HUTSON,  CHARLES  \\OODWARD, 
author.  He  is  the  author  of  Out  of  a 
Beleaguered  City,  a  Tale  of  the  Revolu 
tion;  Beginnings  of  Civilization;  History 
of  French  Literature;  and  The  Story  of 
Beryl,  a  novel. 

HUTSON,  RICHARD,  congressman, 
was  born  June  12,  1747,  in  Prince  Will 
iams  Parish,  S.  ^.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  South  Carolina  to  the  continental 
congress  from  1778  to  1779;  and  was  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  articles  of  confeder 
ation.  He  died  in  1793,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

HUTTON,  AURELIUS  WINFIELD, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  July  23,  1847,  in 
Greene  county,  Ala.  After  receiving  a 
liberal  education  he  became  a  cadet  in 
the  university  of  Alabama.  He  then 
studied  law,  and  graduated  from  the  law 
department  of  the  university  of  Virginia 
in  1868,  with  the  degree  of  B.  L.  In  1869 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  settled 
in  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  where  he  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  one  of  the  leading 
lawyers  of  that  siate.  In  1872  he  was 
elected  city  attorney,  and  received  the  re 
election  two  years  later.  In  1887-88  he 
became  superior  judge  of  Los  Angeles 
county;  and  in  1889  was  appointed  United 
States  attorney.  President  Harrison  ap 
pointed  him  special  counsel  of  the  United 
States  in  the  cases  for  violation  of  the 
neutrality  laws  of  the  United  States 
against  the  Itata  in  1891. 

HUTTON,  FREDERICK  REMSEN,  en 
gineer  educator,  was  born  May  28,  1853, 
in  New  York  city.  In  1873  he  graduated 
from  Columbia  col 
lege;  he  then  at 
tended  the  school  of 
mines  of  that  insti 
tution,  and  in  1876 
received  the  degrees 
of  Civil  Engineer 
and  Engineer  of 
Mines.  Subsequently 
he  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.  M.  and 
Ph.  D.  He  was  ap 
pointed  instructor  in 
mechanical  e  n  g  I- 
neering  in  Columbia,  and  his  educational 
work  has  since  been  done  in  that  field. 

HUTTON,  JOHN  E.,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  forty-ninth  congress. 

HUTTON,  LAURENCE,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  8,  1843,  in  New  York  city.  He 
is  a  litterateur  of  prominence  in  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  Other  Times  and 
Other  Seasons;  Plays  and  Players;  Art 
ists  of  the  Nineteenth  Century;  Literary 
Landmarks  of  London;  Literary  Land 
marks  of  Edinburgh;  Curiosities  of  the 
American  Stage;  From  the  Books  of 
Laurence  Hutton;  Portraits  in  Plaster; 
Edwin  Booth;  Literary  Landmarks  of 
Jerusalem;  Literary  landmarks  of  Ven 
ice;  Literary  Landmarks  of  Florence;  and 
Literary  Landmarks  of  Rome. 

HUYLER,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  Having  become  a 
citizen  of  New  Jersey,  he  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress 
from  that  state.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1870,  in 
New  York. 


Castle,  N.  Y. 


HYATT  ALPHEUS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  April  5,  1838,  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  He  is  a  protessor  o.  zoology  in  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology 
and  curator  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Nat 
ural  History,  and  the  author  of  Observa 
tions  on  Fresh  Water  Polyzoa;  About 
Pebbles;  Commercial  and  Other  Sponges; 
Common  Hydroids;  Worms  and  Crus 
tacea;  Guides  to  Science  Teaching;  and 
The  Oyster,  Clam,  and  other  Common 
Mollusks. 

HYATT,  ELIJAH  CLARENCE,  lawyer, 
author  was  born  Oct.  14,  1835,  in  New- 
He  received  his  education 
at  the  Amenia  sem 
inary,  Mount  -Kisco 
Educational  insti- 
-  tute,  Bedford  acad- 
|  emy,  and  the  New 
York  university  law 
.  school.  He  has  been 
justice  of  the  peace; 
executor  and  admin 
istrator  of  estates, 
referee  ana  commis 
sioner  in  lunacy 
proceedings;  and 
filled  various  other 
public  positions  of  trust.  In  1866  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  attained 
success  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Mount  Kis 
co,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of 
Mount  Kisco;  History  of  New  York  and 
Harlem  Railroad;  Genealogical  History  of 
the  Hyatts;  and  other  works. 

HYATT,  JOHN  WESLEY,  inventor, 
was  born  Nov.  28,  1S37,  in  Starkey,  N.  Y. 
He  devoted  his  attention  almost  exclu 
sively  to  inventing,  and  his  first  patent 
was  for  a  knife-grinder  or  sharpener. 
His  next  important  invention  was  a  com 
position  billiard  ball,  the  patent  being  is 
sued  in  1865.  He  has  received  nearly 
two  hundred  patents. 

HYDE,  ALVAN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  2,  1768,  in  Franklin,  Conn. 
For  thirty-one  years  he  was  a  member  of 
the  corporation  of  Williams  college,  and 
its  vice-president  from  1812  until  his 
death.  He  published  Sketches  of  the  Life 
of  Rev.  Stephen  West;  Essay  on  the  State 
of  Infants;  and  occasional  sermons.  He 
died  Dec.  4,  1833,  in  Lee,  Mass. 

HYDE,  BURRELL  WOODWORTH, 
financier,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1839,  in 
Franklin,  Conn.  In  1868  he  entered  the 
Old  Norwich  Saving  society,  which  now 
has  deposits  of  over  eleven  millions,  and 
with  which  institution  he  is  still  connect 
ed.  For  twenty  years  he  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  education;  and  has 
written  extensively  for  various  maga 
zines. 

HYDE,  CHARLES  L.,  journalist,  finan 
cier,   was    born    June   23,  1861,   in     Pike 
county,  111.    At  the  age  of  eighteen  years 
he  \\;is  \\oi-Uiii.n  M  :i 
farm    hand    or    cow 
boy       in      Colorado. 
From  1880  to  1886  he 
served     as     a     com- 
mercial   traveler  ior 
an  eastern  manufac 
turing     house.       He 
then      engaged       in 
mercantile    business 
at  Lima,  Ohio,  from 
whence  he  moved  to 
South      Dakota      in 
1888,   and   has   since 
been  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business. 
Mr.  Hyde's  financial  career  has  been  most 
successful,  the  results  solely  of  his  own 
perseverance,   forethought   and   integrity. 
He  Is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Rustler, 
of  Pierre,  and  influential  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city  and  state. 


HYDE,  EDWARD,  governor,  was  born 
about  1650,  in  England.  He  was  governor 
of  North  Carolina  about  1706-12,  when 
the  colony  was  in  a  state  of  confusion 
from  the  conflicting  claims  of  the  Angli 
cans  and  Quakers.  He  died  Aug.  8,  1712, 
in  North  Carolina. 

HYDE,  EDWARD  WYLLYS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1843,  in  Sagi- 
naw,  Mich.  He  is  a  professor  of  mathe 
matics  and  civil  engineering  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Cincinnati  from  1875,  and  au 
thor  of  Skew  Arches;  and  Directional 
Calculus. 

HYDE,  FREDERICK,  educator,  sur 
geon,  banker,  author,  was  born  Jan.  27, 
1809,  in  Whitney's  Point,  N.  Y.  He  was 
president  of  the  New  York  state  medical 
association  in  1865,  since  1876  has  been 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
state  normal  school  at  Cortland,  and  in 
that  year  was  a  delegate  to  the  Interna 
tional  Medical  congress  at  Philadelphia. 
In  1876  he  became  president  of  the  Cori- 
land  Savings  bank.  He  has  published  re 
ports  on  the  Surgery  of  Cortland  County. 

HYDE,  HENRY  B.,  insurance  presi 
dent.  He  is  president  of  the  Equitable 
Life  Assurance  society  of  New  York,  and 
draws  the  highest  salary  in  the  United 
States.  His  salary  is  one  hundred  thou 
sand  dollars  a  year. 

HYDE,  IRA  B.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1838,  in  Guil- 
ford,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the  union  army 
in  a  Minnesota  cavalry  regiment  in  18o^. 
He  removed  to  Missouri  in  1866;  was 
prosecuting  attorney  in  1872;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

HYDE,  JAMES  NEVINS,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  21,  1840,  in  Norwich, 
Conn.  He  is  a  surgeon  of  Chicago,  and 
the  author  of  Early  Medical  Chicago;  and 
Diseases  of  the  Skin. 

HYDE,  JOHN  POISAL,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  college  president,  was  born  Jan. 
31,  1836,  in  Annapolis,  Md.  In  1850  he 
entered  St.  John's  college,  and  graduated 
with  first  honors  in  1857.  During  1870-81 
he  was  president  of  the  Lonoak  Female 
college  of  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. ;  and  since 
joSl  has  been  president  of  the  Valley 
Female  college  of  Winchester,  Va.  He 
is  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church  south;  and  well  known 
as  a  successful  educator  of  young  ladies, 
and  a  promoter  of  sound  Christian  educa 
tion.  In  1892  he  received  the  nomina 
tion  for  United  States  commissioner  of 
education;  and  has  filled  various  high 
positions  in  his  church,  and  as  chaplain 
in  various  associations. 

HYDE,  SAMUEL  CLARENCE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April  22, 
1842,  in  Fort  Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.  He 
served  in  the  seventeenth  regiment  Wis 
consin  infantry  in  the  war  of  the  rebel 
lion.  He  was  elected  prosecuting  attor 
ney  for  the  district  embracing  northeast 
ern  Washington  in  1880;  and  was  elected 
three  terms,  holding  that  office  for  six 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

HYDE,  THOMAS  WORCESTER,  sol 
dier,  ship  builder,  author,  was  born  in 
Italy.  He  was  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
army  of  the  Potomac  in  the  civil  war, 
and  Is  a  builder  of  steel  ships  at  Bath. 
Maine.  He  is  the  author  of  Following  the 
Greek  Cross,  or  Memories  of  the  Sixth 
Army  Corps. 

HYDE,  WILLIAM  DE  WITT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1858,  in 
\Vinchendon,  Mass.  He  is  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman,  president  of  Bowdoin 
college  since  1885,  and  the  author  of  rrac- 
tical  Ethics;  and  Outlines  of  Social  The 
ology. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


517 


HYDE,  WILLIAM  H.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  May  27,  1849,  in  Ridgway, 
Pa.  Since  1891  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Clarion  River  railway. 

HYDER,  H.  H.,  author,  poet.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  The 
Lover's  Dream. 

HYER,  GEORGE,  journalist,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  July  16,  1819,  in  Coving- 
ton,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Wis 
consin  legislature  m  1846,  1850,  and  1863, 
and  in  the  first-mentioned  year  was  a 
representative  in  the  state  constitutional 
convention.  He  established  the  Madison 
Democrat  in  1865,  and  from  1867  till  the 
time  of  his  death  was  connected  with  the 
Oshkosh  Times.  He  died  April  20,  1872, 
in  Oshkosh,  Wis. 

HYLTON,  JOHN  DUNBAR,  business 
man.  author,  poet,  was  born  March  25, 
1837,  in  the  West  Indies.  The  Farmer 
Poet  is  aptly  applied 
by  the  newspapers 
of  New  Jersey  to  Dr. 
J.  Dunbar  Hylton. 
He  has  written  quite 
a  number  of  books, 
Betrayed,  a  northern 
tale;  The  Bride  of 
Gettysburg,  an  epi 
sode  of  1863;  Tne 
Heir  of  Lyolynn,  a 
tale  of  sea  and  land, 
and  other  poems; 
Arteloise;  and  the 
Sea  King.  Dr.  Dunbar  Hylton  is  now  a 
resident  of  Palmyra,  N.  J.,  where  he  is 
engaged  in  business  and  literary  work. 

HYMAN,  JOHN  ADAMS,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  July  23,  1840,  in 
Warrenton,  N.  C.,  of  colored  parents. 
He  served  in  the  state  legislature  from 
1868  to  1874;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  for 
ty-fourth  congress. 

HYNDS,  ALEXANDER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  8,  1853,  in  Dandridge, 
Tenn.  He  was  special  judge  of  the  cir 
cuit  of  Tennessee  for  several  terms;  and 
has  held  various  offices  of  trust  in  his 
county  and  state. 

HYNEMAN,  HERMAN  N.,  artist,  was 
born  July  27,  1855,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
In  1889  he  exhibited  his  Desdemona  in 
the  Paris  salon,  and  the  following  year 
exhibited  his  Juliet  in  the  same  place. 
In  189  <  he  completed  his  most  import 
ant  work,  the  Dedication  of  Washington 
Memorial  Arch,  a  picture  which  contains 
the  portraits  of  hundreds  of  notable  peo 
ple  present  on  that  occasion. 

HYNEMAN,  JOHN  M.,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  Pennsylvania  in  1809;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1811  to  1813. 

HYNEMAN,  LEON,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1805,  in  Montgomery  county, 
Pa.  He  was  an  editor  of  New  ^ork  city, 
and  the  author  of  The  Fundamental  Prin 
ciples  of  Science;  and  Freemasonry  in 
England  from  1567  to  1813.  He  died  in 
1879,  in  New  York  city. 

HYNES,  WILLIAM  J.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  congressman,  lecturer,  was  born 
March  31,  1843,  in  Ireland.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  forty-third  congress  from  Ar 
kansas.  In  1875  he  moved  to  Illinois, 
locating  in  Chicago  as  a  lawyer. 

HYSLOP,  JAMES  HERVEY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1854,  in  Ohio.  He  is 
an  instructor  in  Columbia  college,  and  the 
author  of  The  Elements  of  Ethics;  The 
Elements  of  Logic;  and  The  Ethics  of 
Home. 


IDDINGS,  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  geolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1857,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  in  1880  he  was  appointed 
assistant  geologist  on  the  United  States 
geological  survey.  His  scientific  papers, 
published  in  the  American  Journal  of 
Science,  and  the  Bulletin  of  the  United 
States  geological  survey,  include  Notes 
on  the  Volcanoes  of  Northern  California, 
Oregon,  and  Washington  Territory,  with 
Arnold  Hague;  The  Columnar  Structure 
in  the  Igneous  Rock  on  Orange  Mountain, 
New  Jersey;  and  The  Nature  and  Origin 
of  Lithophysas  and  the  Lamination  of 
Acid  Lavas. 

IDE,  GEORGE  BARTON,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1804,  in  Coventry,  Vt. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Spring 
field,  Mass.,  and  the  author  of  Green  Hol 
low;  Bible  Echoes,  or  Lessons  from  the 
War;  The  Power  of  Kindness,  a  juvenile 
tale;  and  Bible  Pictures.  He  died  April 
6,  1872,  in  Springfield,  Mass. 

IDOL,  WILLIS,  physician,  surgeon,  leg 
islator,  was  born  May  2,  1863,  in  Grainger, 
county,  Tenn.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one 
he  was  elected  to  represent  his  native 
county  in  the  lower  branch  of  the  forty- 
fourth  general  assembly  of  Tennessee; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  gen 
eral  assembly. 

IHRIE,  PETER,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  tnat  state 
from  1829  to  1833. 

IJAMS,  WILLIAM  P.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1847.  in  Marietta, 
Ohio.  He  is  president  of  the  Belt  Road 
and  Stock  Yard  company. 

IKIRT,  GEORGE  P.,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1852,  in  West 
Beaver.  In  1884  lie  founded  the  East 
Liverpool  Crisis,  a  newspaper  of  Ohio. 
In  1892  he  was  nominated  and  elected  to 
the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

ILES,  MALVERN  WELLS,  metallurg 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1852,  in  Midway, 
Ky.  He  was  chemist  and  assayer  to  the 
Utica  Mining  and  Milling  company,  and 
later  metallurgist  to  the  Omaha  and 
Grant  Smelting  company;  and  superin 
tendent  and  metallurgist  to  the  Holden 
Smelting  company  in  Denver,  Colo. 

ILSLEY,  CHARLES  PARKER,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  j.»07,  in  Maine.  He 
was  a  writer  whose  home  was  in  Port 
land.  Maine,  till  1866.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  Island  Fete,  a  poem;  The  Liberty 
Pole,  a  tale  of  Machias;  and  Forest  and 
Shore,  subsequently  published  as  The 
Wrecker's  Daughter.  He  died  in  1887. 

ILSLEY,  DANIEL,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1740,  in  Falmouth, 
Mass.  He  served  three  years  in  the  state 
legislature;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1807 
to  1809.  He  died  in  1813. 

IMLAY,  JAMES  H.,  educator,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1797  to  1801. 

IMMELL,  LORENZO  D.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born 
June  18,  1837,  in  Ross  county,  Ohio.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Ohio,  and  attend 
ed  the  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  seminary.  He 
entered  the  army  during  the  civil  war  as 
a  private,  and  was  promoted  to  lieuten 
ant-colonel.  He  has  been  a  successful 
teacher,  financier:  has  filled  numerous 
offices  of  honor;  and  is  now  a  successful 
lawyer  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

INGALLS,  CHARLES  RUSSELL,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1819,  in  Greenwich, 
N.  Y.  He  has  been  supreme  court  justice 
continuously  for  twenty-six  years,  and 
retired  from  the  bench  Jan.  1,  1890,  hav 
ing  attained  the  age  of  seventy. 


INGALLS,  JOHN  JAMES,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Dec. 
29,  1833,  in  Middleion,  Mass.  He  was 
secretary  of  the  Arkansas  state  senate  ill 
1861.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  from  Atchison  county  in  ^862;  major, 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  judge-advocate 
Kansas  volunteers  in  1863-65.  He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
republican;  took  his  seat  March  4,  1873, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1879  and  1885,  his 
last  term  expiring  in  1891. 

INGALLS,  JOSHUA  KING,  author.  He 
is  the  author  of  Social  Wealth;  and  Eco 
nomic  Equities. 

INGALLS,  MELVILLE  EZRA,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1842,  in  Har 
rison,  Maine.  He  became  president  of 
the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  and 
St.  Louis  railroad,  the  Big  Four,  as  it  is 
called,  and  retained  this  position  to  the 
present  time.  Since  1888  he  has  also  been 
president  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
railway. 

INGALLS,  RUFUS,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  23,  1820,  in  Denmark,  Maine.  He 
was  in  the  battles  of  Embudo  and  Taos, 
N.  M.,  in  1847,  became  first  lieutenant  in 
1847,  and  was  made  assistant  quarter 
master,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  in  1848. 
He  died  Jan.  15,  1S93,  in  New  York  city. 

INGALLS,  THOMAS  R.,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1798, 
in  Salem,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  president 
of  Jefferson  college  of  Louisiana,  where 
he  remained  until  1840.  He  died  July 
26,  1864. 

INGALLS,  WILLIAM,  physician,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  May  3,  1769,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician 
who  was  professor  of  anatomy  at  Brown 
university  in  1811-23;  and  author  of  a 
treatise  on  Malignant  Fevers.  He  died 
Sept.  8,  1851,  in  Wrentham,  Mass. 

INGE,  SAMUEL  W.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Alabama  from  1847  to  1851.  He 
then  moved  to  California  and  practiced 
law.  He  died  in  1867,  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

INGE,  WILLIAM  M.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1833  to  1835. 

INGLRSOLL,  CHARLES  ANTHONY, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1798,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  appointed  by 
President  Pierce  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  the  district  of 
Connecticut.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1860,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

INGERSOLL,  CHARLES  JARED, 
statesman,  lawyer,  congressman,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1782,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  i  n 
congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1813 
to  1815,  when  he  was 
appointed  United 
States  district  at 
torney  for  Pennsyl 
vania,  which  posi 
tion  he  held  until 
1829.  In  1837  he  was 
appointed  secretary 
of  legation  to  Prus 
sia;  and  during 
1841-47  was  again  a  representative  in  con 
gress.  He  was  the  author  of  History  of 
the  War  of  1812-15;  Chiomara,  a  Poem; 
Edwy  and  Elgiva,  a  Tragedy;  Inchiquin, 
the  Jesuit's  Letters  in  American  Litera 
ture  and  Politics:  and  Recollections.  He 
died  May  14,  1862,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


B18 


HKRRINOSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


INGERSOLL,  CHARLES  L.,  college 
president,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1844,  in 
Perry,  N.  Y.  In  1882  Professor  Ingersoll 
accepted  the  presidency  of  Colorado  Agri 
cultural  college,  and  in  1891  was  elected 
fellow  of  the  Society  of  Science,  Litera 
ture  and  Arts,  of  London,  England,  a 
most  unusual  distinction  for  so  young  a 
man. 

INGERSOLL.  CHARLES  ROBERTS, 
lawyer,  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
Sept.  16,  1821,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He 
was  frequently  elected  to  the  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  governor  of  Connecticut 
from  1873  to  1876. 

INGERSOLL,  COLIN  MACRAE,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1820,  in 
Connecticut.  He  was  secretary  of  lega 
tion  at  St.  Petersburg,  by  appointment 
of  President  Polk;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Connecticut  from 
1851  to  1855. 

INGERSOLL,  EBON  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1831,  in 
Oneida  county,  N.  Y.  In  1856  he  was 
elected  to  the  Illinois  legislature.  In  1864 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Illi 
nois  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress,  to  fill 
a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thir 
ty-ninth,  fortieth  and  forty-first  con 
gresses.  He  died  June  1,  1879. 

INGERSOLL,  EDWARD,  author,  poet, 
He  wrote  poems  under  the  pen-name  of 
Horace  for  the  Port-folio,  and  contrib 
uted  articles  to  Walsh's  Gazette.  He  was 
the  author  of  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  the 
United  States. 

INGERSOLL.  EDWARD,  author,  was 
born  April  2,  1817,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  the  author  of  History  and  Law  of 
Habeas  Corpus  and  Grand  Juries;  and 
Personal  Liberty  and  Martial  \n\\\ 

INGERSOLL.  ERNEST,  naturalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  13,  1852,  in  Monroe, 
Mich.  He  is  a  naturalist  of  New  York 
city  whose  writing  is  mainly  for  young 
people,  and  of  a  popular  character.  He  is 
the  author  of  Friends  Worth  Knowing; 
Natural  History  of  Insects;  Knocking 
Around  the  Rockies;  Nests  and  Eggs  of 
American  Birds;  The  Crest  of  the  Conti 
nent;  Strange  Adventures  of  a  Stow 
away;  Down  East  Latch  Strings;  The  Ice 
Queen,  a  story;  Blrds'-Nesting;  Country 
Cousins,  or  Short  Studies  in  Natural  His 
tory;  Old  Ocean;  To  the  Shenandoah  an,d 
Beyond;  and  Habits  of  Animals. 

INGERSOLL,  HENRY  HULBERT,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  lecturer,  was  born 
Jan.  20.  1844.  in  Oberlln.  Ohio.  In  1863 
he  gradviated  from  Yale  college;  and  he 
has  attained  success  as  a  brilliant  lec 
turer  and  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  the  south.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  seventh  regiment  Ohio  vol 
unteer  infantry.  In  1876  he  was  the  dem 
ocratic  elector  for  president  and  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States.  DurinR 
1879-81  he  was  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
commission  of  Tennessee;  trustee  of 
Emory  and  Henry  college  of  Virginia 
during  1887-93;  trustee  of  the  university 
of  the  south  during  1898-1900;  and  since 
1890  he  has  been  dean  in  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  university  of  Tennessee  at 
Knoxville. 

INGERSOLL.  JARED,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1749,  in  Con 
necticut.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  continental  congress  in 
1780  and  1781.  He  was  for  many  years 
attorney-general  for  Pennsylvania;  and 
was  judge  of  the  district  court  of  the 
United  States  at  the  lime  of  hlu  death. 
He  died  Oct.  31,  1822,  in  PtilladHphiii.  Pa. 


INGERSOLL,  JOSEPH  REED,  lawyer, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  July  14, 
1786,  in  Philadelphia,  tie  graduated  at 
Princeton  college  in 
1804,  and  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession. 
He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1835  to 
1837.  and  from  1842 
to  1849.  He  was  ap 
pointed  in  1852  min 
ister  to  England. 
He  was  the  author 
of  Memoir  of  Sam 
uel  Breck.  He  died 
Feb.  20.  1868,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

INGERSOLL,  LUTHER  DUNHAM,  lib 
rarian,  author.  He  is  the  librarian  of  the 
war  department  at  Washington,  and  the 
author  of  Iowa  and  the  Rebellion;  Life  of 
Horace  Greeley;  and  History  of  the  Wai- 
Department. 

INGERSOLL,  RALPH  ISAACS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  served  in  the  legisla 
ture  of  Connecticut  several  years;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1825  to  1833.  In  1833  he 
was  appointed  attorney  for  the  state;  and 
was  appointed  by  President  Polk  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  Russia.  He  died  Aug. 
26,  1872,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

INGERSOLL,  ROBERT  GREEN,  law 
yer,  orator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug. 
11,  1833,  in  Dresden.  N.  Y.  He  is  a  noted 
lawyer  and  politician  of  Peoria,  111.,  and 
more  recently  of  New  York  city,  famous 
also  as  a  lecturer  ana  writer  strongly  op 
posed  to  the  Christian  religion.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Gods;  Gnosts;  Some 
Mistakes  of  Moses;  Complete  Lectures; 
and  Prose  Poems. 

INGHAM,  CHARLES  CROMWELL, 
artist,  was  born  in  1796,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  National 
academy  of  design,  and  was  its  vice- 
president  from  1845  to  1850.  Besides  his 
portraits  he  painted  a  few  ideal  compo 
sitions,  among  them  may  be  mentioned, 
The  White  Plume;  Scene  from  Don  Juan; 
and  Day  Dreams.  He  died  Dec.  10,  1863, 
in  New  York  city. 

INGHAM,  MARY  BIGELOW,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  10,  1832,  in  Mans 
field.   Ohio.     She  received   her  education 
at  the  Norwalk  sem- 
fif  jf.  inary,      Ohio;       the 

^A  Baldwin  institute  of 
\^  liorea.  Ohio;  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of 
Mistress  of  Liberal 
Arts  from  the  Wo 
man's  college  of 
Ohio.  She  has  been 
corresponding  secre 
tary  of  the  Cincin 
nati  branch  of  the 
Woman's  Foreign 
Missionary  society; 
a  leader  in  the  woman's  temperance  cru 
sade  of  1874;  and  a  founder  of  the  Na 
tional  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
union;  and  its  first  treasurer.  She  was 
a  founder  of  the  Cleveland  school  of  art, 
and  secretary  for  years  of  its  board  of 
trustees.  She  was  president  of  the 
woman's  department  of  the  Cleveland 
centennial  commission;  and  the  author  of 
Women  of  Cleveland  and  Their  WorK. 
In  early  life  she  was  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work;  and  has  always  contributed 
extensively  to  newspapers  and  maga 
zines. 


INGHAM.  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1793.  in 
Hebron,  Conn.  From  1827  to  1835  he  was. 
state's  attorney  for  the  county  of  Middle 
sex,  and  again  in  1843  and  1844.  He  was. 
a  judge  of  probate  from  1829  to  1833;  and 
judge  of  the  Middlesex  county  court  from 
1849  to  1853.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Connecticut  from  1835  to 
1839.  He  also  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  senate  and  house  of  representa 
tives  of  Connecticut;  three  years  as 
speaker,  and  was  one  year  clerk  of  the 
house.  In  1854  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  ' 
office  of  United  States  senator,  and  re 
ceived  the  entire  vote  of  his  party  in  the 
legislature,  but  Senator  Foster  was  elect 
ed.  In  1857  he  was  appointed  commis 
sioner  of  customs.  He  died  Nov.  10,  1881, 
in  Essex,  Conn. 

INGHAM,  SAMUEL  DULUCENNA, 
lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  16.  1779,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  Pennsylvania 
legislature;  and  held  for  a  time  the  office 
of  prothonotary  to  one  of  the  courts  of 
that  state.  He  w'as  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1813  ta 
1818,  and  from  1822  to  1829;  and  was  then 
appointed  by  President  Jackson  secretary 
of  the  treasury.  He  died  June  5,  1860,  in 
Trenton,  N.  J. 

INGLEHART,  MRS.  FRANCES,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Texas.  She  is  a  writer 
of  Austin,  Texas,  and  the  author  of  Face 
to  Face  with  the  Mexicans. 

INGLIS.  DAVID,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  8,  1825,  in  Scotland.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Brook 
lyn  who  published  Systematic  Theology 
in  Relation  to  Modern  Thought.  He 
died  Dec.  15,  1877,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

INGLIS.  JOHN  AUCHINCLOSS.  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1813,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.  He  moved  to  Baltimore,  Md., 
in  1870,  and  accepted  a  professorship  in 
the  law  department  of  the  university  of 
Maryland.  in  1874  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  orphan's  court,  and  he  was 
re-elected  in  18 1 5.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1878r 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

INGRAHAM,  DANIEL  PHOENIX,  jur 
ist,  was  born  April  22,  1804,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  elected  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  New  York  in  1857;  and 
in  1870  he  was  presiding  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  first  district  in  New 
York.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1881. 

INGRAHAM,  DUNCAN  NATHANIEL, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1802,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  served  in  every  war 
since  the  revolution;  and  attained  the 
rank  of  commodore;  and  was  said  to  be 
the  last  survivor  of  those  that  entered  the 
navy  in  1812.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1891.  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

INGRAHAM,  EDWARD  DUNCAN, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1793,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  English 
Ecclesiastical  Reports;  and  A  View  of  the 
Insolvent  Laws  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died 
Nov.  4,  1854,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

INGRAHAM,  JOSEPH  HOLT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1809,  in  Port 
land,  Maine.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  Holly  Springs,  Miss.  He  was  the 
author  of  Lafitte:  the  Pirate  of  the  Gulf; 
Captain  Kyd;  and  The  Dancing  Feather. 
The  Southwest,  by  a  Yankee,  was  another 
work  of  this  period.  He  entered  the  epis 
copal  ministry  in  1855,  and  afterward 
wrote  three  religions  romances  as  popu 
lar  as  the  others,  and  almost  as  valueless. 
They  are.  The  Prince  of  the  House  m 
David;  The  Pillar  of  Fire;  and  The 
Throne  of  David.  He  died  December, 
1860,  in  Holly  Springs,  Miss. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF  AMERICAN 


BIOGRAPHV. 


519 


INGRAHAM,  PRENTISS,  soldier,  au 
thor,  dramatist,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1843 
in  Mississippi.  He  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation,  and  during  the  war  was  a  cavalry 
officer  in  the  confederate  army;  and  sub 
sequently  was  an  officer  of  the  army  and 
navy  in  foreign  service.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  author  and  dramatist. 
Since  his  first  story  appeared  in  the  Lit 
erary  Companion,  Colonel  Prentiss  In- 
graham  has  written  stories  of  love  and 
adventure,  and  sea  and  land,  holding 
through  all  these  years  his  popularity 
with  the  public.  His  principal  works  are 
A  Story  of  Crete;  The  Cuban  Patriot; 
An  Idyl  of  the  Lost  Cause;  A  Man  in 
Gray;  A  Prince  of  the  Desert;  and  many 
sketcnes  of  American  border  life. 

INMAN,  JOHN  HAMILTON,  manufac 
turer,  merchant,  financier,  was  born  Oct. 

,  1844,  in  Jefferson  county,  Tenn.  In 
1867  he  organized  the  now  internation 
ally  well  known  house  of  Inman,  Swann 
and  Co.,  and  has  been  the  presiding 
genius  of  that  firm  to  the  present  time. 
He  is  several  times  a  millionaire,  and  the 
foremost  southerner  in  New  York  city. 

INMAN.  JOHN  O'BRIEN,  artist  was 
born  June  10,  1828,  in  New  York  city. 
Some  of  his  best  works  represent  Roman 
peasants.  Among  his  paintings  are  Sunny 
Thoughts;  and  View  of  Assisi. 

INNES,  HARRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1762,  in  Caroline  county,  Va.  In 
1783  he  was  chosen  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  for  the  district  of  Kentucky;  in 
1785  and  1787  was  attorney-general  of 
that  state;  and  was  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  Kentucky  from 
1787  until  his  death.  In  1791  he  was  one 
of  the  local  board  of  war  to  call  out  the 
militia  on  expeditions  against  the  Indians. 
He  died  Sept.  20,  1816,  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

INNESS,  GEORGE,  landscape  painter, 
was  born  May  1,  1825,  in  Newbury,  N.  Y. 
Among  his  pictures  are  The  Sign  of 
Promise;  Peace  and  Plenty;  A  Vision 
of  Faith;  and  Passing  Storm. 

INNESS,  GEORGE,  artist,  was  born 
Jan.  5,  1854,  in  Paris,  France.  He  has  at 
tained  national  eminence  as  a  successful 
landscape  painter  of  Montclair,  N.  J. 

INSKIP,  JOHN  SWANNELL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1816,  in 
England.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman 
who  was  a  noted  camp-meeting  conduc 
tor,  and  the  author  of  Life  of  Rev.  Wil 
liam  Summers;  Methodism  Explained 
and  Defended;  and  Remarkable  Display 
of  the  Mercy  of  God.  He  died  March  7, 
1884,  in  Ocean  Grove,  N.  J. 

IRBY,  JOHN  LAURENS  MANNING, 
planter,  lawyer,  United  Slates  senator, 
was  born  Sept.  10,  1854,  in  Laurens,  S.  C. 
He  was  appointed 
lieutenant-coionel  in 
South  Carolina  vol 
unteers  in  1877;  and 
has  been  a  large 
planter  since  he  re 
tired  from  the  bar. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  state  house  of 
representatives  of 
South  Carolina  in 
1886;  and  re-elected 
in  1888  and  1890; 
and  was  unanimous 
ly  elected  speaker  in  the  latter  year.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
as  a  democrat  Dec.  11,  1890,  for  the  full 
term  commencing  March  4,  1891. 

IREDELL,  JAMES,  jurist,  was  born 
Oct.  5,  1750,  in  England.  In  1790  he  re- 
•eived  his  appointment  as  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
btat.es.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1799,  in  Edenton, 

1 N .     lrt 


IREDELL,  JAMES,  lawyer,  author 
governor,  was  born  in  1788,  in  Edenton, 
N.  C.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Raleigh  who 
was  governor  of  North  Carolina  in  1827 
He  was  the  author  of  Laws  of  North  Caro 
lina;  North  Carolina  Reports;  Equity  Re 
ports;  Law  of  Executors;  and  Digest  of 
Reported  Cases.  He  died  April  13,  1853, 
in  Edenton,  N.  C. 

IRELAND,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  1  1827  in 
Hart  county,  Ky.  In  1862  he  entered  the 
confederate  army  as  a  private  soldier; 
served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  In  1866  he 
was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  of  that  year;  and 
in  the  summer  of  the  same  year  was  elect 
ed  judge  of  the  second  judicial  district 
of  Texas.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature:  in 
1873  was  elected  a  state  senator;  and  in 
1875  was  appointed  an  associate  judge  of 
the  state  supreme  court.  In  1882  he  was 
unanimously  nominated  a  candidate  for 
governor  of  Texas  and  was  elected;  and 
in  1884  was  renominated,  and  was  re- 
elected  governor. 

IRELAND,  JOHN,  bishop,  author  was 
born  Sept.  11.  1838,  in  Ireland.  He  served 
as  chaplain  of  the  fifth  Minnesota  regi 
ment  during  the  civil  war.  He  was  af 
terward  appointed  rector  of  the  cathedral 
of  St.  Paul,  which  position  he  held  until 
his  consecration  as  coadjutor  bishop.  He 
has  founded  a  colony  of  Roman  catholics 
in  Minnesota;  and  for  many  years  has 
been  president  of  the  State  Historical  so 
ciety  of  Minnesota.  He  is  an  able  ora 
tor  and  writer  upon  educational  themes; 
and  the  author  of  Church  and  Modern 
Society. 

IRELAND,  JOSEPH  NORTON,  mer 
chant,  author,  was  born  April  24,  1817  in 
New  York  city.  This  successful  mer 
chant  wrote  Records  of  New  York  Stage 
from  1850  to  1860;  Memories  of  Mrs 
Duff;  Professional  Life  of  Thomas  A. 
Cooper;  and  Monographs  of  Actors  and 
Actresses  of  Great  Britain  and  America. 

IRELAND,  MARY  E.,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  Cecil  county,  Md.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  novel  entitled  Timothy  His 
Neighbors  and  His  Friends,  a  volume  of  • 
short  stories;  and  a  volume  of  poems. 
Since  1884  she  has  published  several  vol 
umes  of  translations. 

IRION,  ALFRED  BRIGGS,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  18,  1833,  in  Avoyelles  parish, 
La.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature.  In  1879  six 
new  judicial  circuits  were  established,  by 
an  act  of  the  legislature,  the  tribunals 
for  which  were  styled  Circuit  Courts  of 
Appeal;  and  in  1880  he  was  elected  one 
of  the  judges  for  the  third  district,  for 
the  term  of  four  years.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Louisiana 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

IRISH,  FRANK  V.,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1848,  in  Potsdam,  N.  Y. 
He  was  professor  of  rhetoric  and  literature 
for  three  years  in  the  Ohio  Normal  uni 
versity  of  Ada;  and  filled  the  same  posi 
tion  for  three  years  in  the  State  Normal 
school  of  Lock  Haven,  Pa.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  American  and  British  Authors; 
The  Treasured  Thoughts;  Orthography 
and  Orthoepy;  Grammar  and  Analysis  by 
Diagrams;  and  various  other  works. 

IRVIN,  ALEXANDER,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1847  to  1849. 


IRVIN,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  18,  1800,  in  Centre  county,  Pa. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1841  to  1845.  He  died 
Nov.  28,  1862,  in  Centre  county,  Pa. 

IRVIN,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1778  in  Albemarle  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  of 
Ohio;  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1829  to  1833.  He 
died  April  19,  1842,  in  Lancaster,  Ohio. 

IRVINE,  CHRISTOPHER,  pioneer.  In 
1786  Christopher  led  a  company  of  men, 
under  the  command  of  Colonel  Ben  Lo 
gan,  against  the  Indians  in  northern  Ohio 
and  was  killed  by  a  savage  whom  he  was 
pursuing  and  who,  in  turn,  was  killed  by 
Irvine's  men.  He  died  in  1786  in  Ohio. 

IRVINE,  JAMES,  soldier,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1735,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  served  with  distinction 
through  the  revolutionary  war.  He  was 
made  a  brigadier-general  of  the  militia 
in  1777;  and  in  1782  he  was  commissioned 
major-general  of  the  Pennsylvania  mili 
tia,  which  office  he  held  until  1793.  Dur 
ing  1785-86  he  served  in  the  general  as 
sembly;  and  during  1795-99  was  a  state 
senator.  He  died  April  28,  1819,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

IRVINE,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
died  in  1820. 

IRVINE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  surgeon, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1741,  in 
Ireland.  He  served  as  surgeon  on  boaru 
a  British  ship,  in  the  war  which  began  in 
1754,  and  after  the  peace  of  1763,  settled 
at  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was  promoted  to  the 
command  of  the  second  Pennsylvania 
regiment.  In  1781  the  defense  of  the 
northwestern  frontier  was  intrusted  to 
him,  and  he  attained  the  rank  of  major- 
general.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1793  to  1795.  He  moved  short 
ly  after  to  Philadelphia,  and  was  appoint 
ed  superintendent  of  military  stores.  He 
died  July  29,  1804,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

IRVING,  JOHN  BEAUFAIN,  artist,  was 
born  Nov.  26,  1825,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  painted  genre  pictures,  which  attract 
ed  attention  by  their  spirited  composi 
tion,  richness  of  coloring,  and  elaborate 
finish.  In  1867  he  exhibited  at  the  acade 
my  of  design  The  Splinter;  and  The  Dis 
closure.  Wine-Tasters,  exhibited  in  1869, 
secured  his  election  as  an  associate  of  the 
National  academy.  In  1871  he  sent  a  full- 
length  portrait  of  Mrs.  August  Belmont. 
The  End  of  the  Game,  exhibited  in  1872, 
established  his  reputation,  and  in  that 
year  he  was  chosen  a  full  member  of  the 
academy.  He  died  April  20,  1877,  in 
New  York  city. 

IRVING.  JOHN  TREAT,  JR.,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1812,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author 
of  Indian  Sketches; 
Hawk  Chief;  The 
Attorney;  Harry 
Harson;  and  The 
Van  Gelder  Papers. 
He  was  a  nephew  of 
Washington  Irving. 
He  has  attained  high 
rank  as  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of 
New  York  city; 
and  besides  his  pub 
lished  works  has 

contributed  extensively  valuable  articles 
to  current  publications  on  law  and  secu 
lar  topics. 


620 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


IRVING,  PETER,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  30,  1771,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York  city, 
who  published  Giovanni  Sbogarra,  a  Ve 
netian  Tale.  He  died  June  27,  1838,  in 
New  York  city. 

IRVING,  PIERRE  MUNROE,  author, 
was  born  in  1803,  in  New  York.  He  was 
the  author  of  a  Life  of  Washington  Ir 
ving.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1836,  in  New  York 
city. 

IRVING.  ROLAND  DUER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  27,  1847,  in  New 
York  city.  He  has  been  a  professor  of  ge 
ology  in  the  university  of  Wisconsin 
from  18«0  and  is  the  author  of  Geology  of 
Central  Wisconsin;  Geology  of  Lake  Su 
perior;  and  Copper-Bearing  Rocks  of 
Lake  Superior. 

IRVING,  THEODORE,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  May  9,  1809,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman  and  educator,  and  the  author 
of  The  Fountain  of  Living  Waters;  Tiny 
Footfalls;  More  than  Conqueror;  and  The 
History  of  De  Soto's  Conquest  of  Florida, 
He  died  Dec.  20,  1880,  in  New  York  city. 
IRVING,  WASHINGTON,  author,  was 
born  April  3,  1783,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  the  most  popular  of  the  earlier  Amer 
ican  writers  of  the 
nineteenth  centu 
ry.  Diedrich  Knick 
erbocker's  History 
of  New  York,  one 
by  which  he  will 
be  longest  remem 
bered,  appeared  in 
1809.  Irving  spent 
the  years  from  1815 
to  1832  abroad,  a 
portion  of  the  time 
as  secretary  of  the 
United  States  lega 
tion  at  London,  and  from  1842  to  1846  as 
minister  to  Spain.  The  rest  of  his  life 
was  spent  at  his  home  in  Tarrytown  on 
the  Hudson.  His  writings  not  already 
named  include  The  Sketch  Book;  Brace- 
bridge  Hall;  Tales  of  a  Traveller;  Life 
and  Voyages  of  Columbus;  Conquest  of 
Grenada;  The  Companions  of  Columbus; 
The  Alhambra;  Crayon  Miscellanies;  As 
toria;  Adventures  of  Captain  Bonneville; 
Life  of  Oliver  Goldsmith:  Mahomet  and 
his  Successors;  Wolfert's  Roost;  Life  of 
Washington;  and  Spanish  Papers.  He 
died  Nov.  28,  1859,  in  Irvington,  N.  Y. 

IRVING,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1766, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1813  to  1819.  He 
was  a  brother  of  Washington  Irving,  for 
whose  Salmagundi  he  wrote  several 
poems  and  essays.  He  died  Nov.  9,  1821, 
in  New  York  city. 

IRWIN,  CHARLES  F.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  May  5,  1828,  in  Fay- 
ette,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  judge  of  El 
dorado  county,  Cal.,  in  186V;  was  twice 
re-elected,  holding  the  position  for  twelve 
years.  In  1883-84  he  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  the 
California  state  legislature;  and  in  1885 
was  elected  district  attorney. 

IRWIN,  G.  M.,  educator,  clergyman, 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1835,  in  Zanesville, 
Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wes- 
leyan  university,  and  received  the  degrees 
of  A.  M.  and  D.  D.  He  has  become  an 
eminent  minister  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church;  and  during  the  civil  war 
served  as  chaplain.  He  is  now  state  su 
perintendent  of  public  instruction  for  Or 
egon.  For  many  years  he  was  president 
of  the  Blue  Mountain  university  of  Ore 
gon;  and  was  the  superintendent  of  the 
I'nited  States  Indian  industrial  school  of 
Salem. 


IRWIN,  JARED,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1813  to  1817. 

IRWIN,  JARED,  soldier,  state  legisla 
tor,  governor,  was  born  in  1750,  in  Meck 
lenburg  county,  N.  C.  During  the  latter 
part  of  the  revolutionary  war  he  was  ac 
tively  employed  against  the  lories  and 
Indians.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature,  and  of 
the  convention  which  adopted  the  United 
States  constitution  in  1789.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  from  1796  to  1798;  and 
president  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  in  1798.  He  was  many  years  a 
member,  and  president  of  the  state  sen 
ate;  and  was  again  governor  from  1806 
to  1809.  He  died  March  1,  1818,  in  Wash 
ington  county,  Ga. 

IRWIN,  JOHN,  naval  officer,  was  born 
April  15,  1832,  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
commissioned  midshipman  in  1847.  passed 
midshipman  in  1853,  lieutenant  in  1855, 
captain  in  1875,  and  commodore  in  1886. 
He  was  on  duty  in  California,  and  was 
promoted  rear  admiral  in  1891. 

IRWIN,  JOHN  ARTHUR,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  June  17,  1853, 
in  Ireland.  He  has  been  house  surgeon 
to  the  Manchester  Southern  Hospital  for 
Women  and  Children.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  work,  Hydrotheraty  at  Saratoga,  a 
treatise  on  natural  mineral  waters,  and 
other  works. 

IRWIN,  JOHN   N.,   governor.     He  was 

appointed  governor   of   the   territory     of 

Idaho  for  the   term   of  four  years  from 
1883. 

IRWIN,  JOHN  SCULL,  physician, 
banker,  was  born  April  4.  1825,  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.  This  eminent  physician  has 
been  prominent  in  the  welfare  and  sub 
stantial  upbuilding  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

IRWIN,  MASON,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Feb.  19,  1850,  in  Juniata  county,  Pa. 
For  nine  years  he  practiced  law  in  Penn 
sylvania  and  the  state  of  Washington; 
and  was  then  elected  judge  of  the  supe 
rior  court  of  four  counties  in  the  state 
of  Washington,  which  position  he  has 
held  since  1890. 

IRWIN,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  Oct.  17,  1756,  in  Flagg's  Manor,  Pa. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  presbyterian  min 
istry  in  1774,  and  was  pastor  of  the  Nes- 
haminy  church,  Bucks  county,  Pa.,  from 
that  year  until  his  death.  He  was  clerk 
of  the  old  synod  in  1781-85,  and  modera 
tor  of  the  general  assembly  in  1801.  He 
died  March  3,  1812,  in  Bucks  county,  Pa. 

IRWIN,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  teb.  22,  1785,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1829  to 
1831;  and  in  the  latter  year  was  appoint 
ed  United  States  judge  of  the  western  dis 
trict  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died  May  14 
1870,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

IRWIN,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  in  1827,  in 
Butler  county,  Ohio.  He  served  several 
times  in  the  California  state  legislature; 
and  when  a  vacancy  occurred  in  the  gov 
ernorship  in  February,  1875,  he  was  chos 
en  president  of  the  senate,  and  acting 
lieutenant-governor.  At  the  ensuing 
election  he  was  elected  governor  of  Cali 
fornia.  He  died  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

IRWIN.  WILLIAM  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  In  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1841  to  1843;  and  from  1843  to  1847 
was  charge  d'affaires  of  the  United  States 
to  Denmark.  He  died  Sept.  15,  1856,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa. 


ISAAC,  MYER  S.,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1841,  in  New  York.  In 
1880  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  ma 
rine  court  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Persecution  of  the  Jews 
in  Roumania;  The  Jewish  Question  in 
Russia;  and  American  Israelites. 

ISAACS,  SAMUEL  MYER,  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1804,  in  Hol 
land.  He  was  a  popular  speaker,  and  was 
often  called  to  consecrate  synagogues 
throughout  the  country,  and  was  a  fre 
quent  orator  at  public  assemblies.  In  1857 
he  established  the  Jewish  Messenger,  as 
an  organ  of  conservative  Judaism.  He 
died  May  19,  1878,  in  New  York  city. 

ISACKS,  JACOB  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Tennes 
see  from  1823  to  1833. 

ISHAM,  ASA  BRAINERD,  soldier,  phy 
sician,  educator,  author,  was  born  July 
12,  1844,  in  Jackson  C.  H.,  Ohio.  During 
1862-65  he  served  in  the  civil  war  as  first 
lieutenant  of  the  seventh  Michigan  vol 
unteer  cavalry.  From  1879-85  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  materia  medica  and  therapeutics 
in  the  Cincinnati  College  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery.  He  is  the  author  of  Prisoners 
of  War  and  Military  Prisons;  Historical 
Sketch  of  Seventh  Michigan  Volunteer 
Cavalry;  and  has  been  a  large  contribu 
tor  of  medical  and  war  literature. 

ISHAM,  EDWARD  SWIFT,  '  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1836, 
in  Bennington,  Vt.  In  1864  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legislature  from  Illinois. 

ISHAM,  JIRAH,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  May,  1778,  in  Colchester, 
Conn.  From  1840  till  his  death  he  was 
judge  of  probate  for  New  London  dis 
trict.  During  the  war  of  1812  with  Great 
Britain  he  commanded  at  the  bombard 
ment  of  Stonington.  He  died  Oct.  6, 
1842,  in  New  London,  Conn. 

ISHAM,  PIERREPONT,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  5,  1802,  in  Manchester,  Vt. 
From  1851-57  he  was  one  of  the  judges  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Vermont.  He  died 
May  8,  1872,  in  New  York  city. 

ISLER,  ARNOLD  HENRY,  soldier, 
journalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1848, 
in  Switzerland.  He  served  in  the  twen 
ty-third  Ohio  infantry  throughout  the 
war  as  a  private  scout,  spy,  and  color- 
bearer.  Since  1872  he  has  been  engaged 
in  journalism;  and  since  1886  has  been 
the  literary  editor  of  the  Cincinnati  En 
quirer.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
stories  and  humorous  sketches;  and  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  Wild  Thoughts 
in  Rhyme. 

ISRAEL,  DAVID,  jurist,  was  born  Nov. 
2,  1848,  in  Donaldsonville,  La.  He  has 
been  mayor  of  the  city  of  his  nativity 
for  five  terms;  and  since  1893  has  been 
judge  of  the  fourth  ward  justice  court. 

ITTNER,  ANTHONY,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1837,  in 
Lebanon,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  to  the 
city  council  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1867;  and 
re-elected  in  1868.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  house  of  representatives  in  1868; 
and  was  elected  state  senator  in  1870,  and 
re-elected  in  1874:  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-nfth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

IVERSON,  ALFRED,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Dec.  3,  1798.  in  Burke  county,  Ga. 
He  served  three  years  as  a  member  of  the 
house  of  representatives  and  one  year  as 
senator  in  the  legislature  of  Georgia.  He 
was  twice  elected  judge  of  the  supreme 
court.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
to  the  thirtieth  congress;  and  in  1854  was 
elected  to  tHe  United  States  senate  for 
six  years  from  1855.  He  died  March  4, 
1873,  in  Macon,  Ga. 


HERRINOSHAWS    KNCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


521 


IVES,  ALICE  EMMA,  dramatist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.  She  has 
attained  prominence  as  a  dramatist,  and 
is  the  author  of  The  Great  Brooklyn  Han 
dicap;  and  her  play  entitled  Lorine  has 
been  starred  by  Frederick  Paulding. 

IVES,  BRAYTON,  railroad  president 
was  born  in  1841,  in  Farmington,  Conn.' 
Since  1893  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad. 

IVES,  CHARLES  JOHN,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1831,  in  Walling- 
ford,  Vt.  He  has  served  as  general  freight 
and  passenger  agent  and  president  of  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  and  Northern 
railroad. 

IVES,  CHARLES  LINN.EUS,  educator 
physician,  author,  was  born  June  22  1831* 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  began  practice 
in  New  Haven  in  1856,  and  in  1868-73  was 
professor  of  theory  and  practice  of  medi 
cine  in  Yale.  He  is  the  author  of  an  ar 
ticle  on  Prophylaxis  of  Phthisis  Pulmo- 
nalis,  and  a  prize  essay  on  the  Therapeu 
tic  Value  of  Mercury  and  its  Preparations, 
both  published  by  the  Connecticut  Medi 
cal  society. 

IVES,  HALSEY  COOLEY,  educator 
artist,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1846,  in  Mon- 
tour  Falls,  N.  Y.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city,  at  the  techni 
cal  schools  of  South  Kensington,  London 
England;  and  has  studied  at  the  various' 
schools  of  art  abroad.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Washington 
university;  a  director  in  the  St.  Louis 
School  of  Fine  Arts;  and  director  in  the 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
He  has  been  sent  abroad  by  the  govern 
ment  as  commissioner  three  times;  was 
entrusted  with  the  formation  of  the  de 
partment  of  fine  arts  at  the  World's  Co 
lumbian  exposition,  and  was  chief  of  the 
department  from  its  inception  to  its  fin 
ish.  He  has  produced  finished  pictures 
of  nature,  which  have  been  exhibited 
each  year;  in  1893  he  was  presented  a 
medal  by  the  French  commission  to  the 
World's  Columbian  exposition;  and  re 
ceived  a  silver  medal  in  1894  from  the 
French  government  in  recognition  of  ser 
vices  to  art. 

IVES,  LEVI,  physician,  journalist  was 
born  in  1750.  He  was  a  skillful  practi 
tioner,  a  founder  of  the  New  Haven  Medi 
cal  society,  and  one  of  the  editors  of 
Cases  and  Observation,  which  was  reput 
ed  to  be  the  first  medical  journal  that  was 
published  in  the  United  States.  He  died 
Oct.  17,  1826.  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

IVES.  LEVI  SILLIMAN,  bishop  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1797,  in  Meriden, 
Conn.  He  was  the  second  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop  of  North  Carolina,  consecra 
ted  in  1832  and  deposed  in  1853,  he  hav 
ing  become  a  Roman  catholic  at  the  close 
of  1852.  After  that  period  he  lectured  in 
convents  of  the  Sacred  Heart.  He  was 
the  author  of  Trials  of  a  Mind  in  its  Prog 
ress  to  Catholicism;  The  Obedience  of 
Faith;  Manual  of  Devotion;  and  Humil 
ity  a  Ministerial  Qualification.  He  died 
Oct.  13,  1867,  in  New  York  city. 

IVES,  WILLARD,  farmer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  7,  1806,  in  Water- 
town,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1851  to 
1853. 

IVINS,  HORACE  FREMONT,  lecturer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1856, 
in  Bucks  county,  Pa.  He  is  a  lecturer  on 
laryngology  and  otology  in  Hahnemanu 
Medical  college.  He  is  laryngological  ed 
itor  of  the  Journal  of  Ophthalmology, 
Otology,  and  Laryngology  of  New  York; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  text-book  entitled 
Diseases  of  the  Nose  and  Throat. 


IVISON,  HENRY,  publisher,  was  born 
Dec.  23,  1808,  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  In 
)  he  established  the  publishing  house 
of  Ivison  and  Company  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.; 
and  in  1846  moved  his  business  to  New 
York  city.  His  house  made  a  specialty 
of  publishing  educational  works,  and  be 
came  well  known  throughout  the  United 
States.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1884,  in  New 
York  city. 


IZARD,  GEORGE,  soldier,  engineer, 
governor,  author,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1776,' 
in  London,  England.  On  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war  of  1812  he  was  appointed  colo 
nel  of  second  artillery;  brigadier-general 
in  1813;  major-general  in  1814;  and  dis 
banded  in  1815.  He  was  governor  of  Ark 
ansas  territory  from  1825  until  his  death. 
He  published  Official  Correspondence  witn 
the  War  Department  in  1814  and  1815. 
He  was  the  son  of  Ralph  Izard.  He  died 
Oct.  22,  1828,  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

IZARD,  MARK  W.,  governor.  He  was 
appointed  governor  of  the  territory  of  Ne 
braska  in  1854,  and  remained  in  office  un 
til  1857. 

IZARD,  RALPH,  diplomat,  statesman, 
was  born  in  1742,  near  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  in  1782  and  1783;  United  States  sen 
ator  from  1789  to  1795;  and  president  of 
the  senate  pro  tern,  during  the  first  ses 
sion  of  the  third  congress.  He  died  May 
30.  1804,  near  Charleston,  S.  C. 

IZLAR,  JAMES  F.,  soldier,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1832, 
in  Orangeburg  county,  S.  C.  He  was  a 
graduate  of  Emory  college.  He  served 
as  an  officer  in  the  confederate  army; 
was  state  senator  for  ten  years,  and  was 
for  eight  years,  during  his  service  in  the 
senate,  the  president'  pro  tempore  of  that 
body.  In  1889  he  was  elected  by  the  gen 
eral  assembly  judge  of  the  first  judicial 
circuit,  and  serve'd  as  such  until  1894, 
when  he  was  elected  to  congress.  He  has 
always  been  an  uncompromising  demo 
crat,  and  for  a  number  of  years  was  the 
chairman  of  the  state  democratic  execu 
tive  committee.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
national  democratic  convention  of  1884. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  democrat  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  took 
his  seat  in  congress  April  5,  1894. 

JACK.  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1841  to  1843. 

JACKSON,  ABNER,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1811,  in  Wash 
ington,  Pa.  In  1858  Dr.  Jackson  accepted 
an  election  to  the  presidency  and  the  pro 
fessorship  of  the  evidences  of  Christian 
ity  at  Hobart  college,  Geneva,  N.  Y.  From 
this  post  he  was  recalled  to  Trinity  in 
1867,  the  trustees  having  unanimously 
chosen  him  to  be  president.  He  died 
April  19,  1874,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

JACKSON,  ABRAHAM  REEVES,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  in  1827,  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  noted  surgeon  of  Chi 
cago,  who  has  published  many  valuable 
professional  papers. 

JACKSON,  ABRAHAM  WILLARD. 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1842,  in 
Maine.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  who 
was  formerly  a  pastor  in  New  Hampshire 
and  California,  but  has  since  devoted 
himself  to  study  and  literary  work  at 
Concord,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Immanent  God.  and  Other  Essays. 


JACKSON.  ALBERT  EVERETT,  bank 
er,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  23.  1860,  in 
Wabash,  Ind.  He  represented  his  state 
from  the  fiftieth  district  as  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature.  He  is  also  a  suc 
cessful  banker  of  Wabash,  Ind. 


JACKSON,  ANDREW,    seventh    presi 
dent    of    the    United    States,     was   born 
March    15,    1767,    in  Washaw,    Lancaster 
county,  S.  C.,  and  re 
ceived      a     common 
English       education. 
Andrew,  like  George 
Washington,    fought 
in  the  revolutionary 
war,  joining  a  com 
pany    of    volunteers 
at  the    age    of  four 
teen.     In  1784  he  be 
gan    the     study     of 
law  at  Salisbury,  N. 
C.,  and  was  soon  af 
ter      appointed      so 
licitor    for    that    portion    of    the    state 
now    known    as    Tennessee.    In    1791   ne 
married    Mrs.     Rachel    Robarts   a    wom 
an    who    had    been    divorced    from    her 
husband.      In     1795     he    was    a       mem- 
of     the     convention     that     formed 
the  state  constitution  of  Tennessee    and 
was    elected    the   first     representative   of 
that  state  in  congress.    He  was  soon  af 
ter  elected   United    States    senator     and 
took  his  seat  in  November,  1797      He  re 
signed    his  seat  as  senator  in   1798    and 
was  elected  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
lennessee,   which  position  he  held   until 
1804.     When  the   United   States   declared 
war  against  Great  Britain  in  1812  Jackson 
entered     the    army,   and   in   1814   he   re 
ceived  the  appointment  of  major-general 
He  continued   in   the  army,   fighting    the 
British  and  Indians,  until  1818,  and  then 
resigned  his  commission.     In  1821  Presi 
dent  Monroe  appointed   him  governor  of 
the  territory   of  Florida,  and  in   1823   he 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate. 
J  he  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  the  presidency,  but  successful  in  1828 
and  was  inaugurated  March  4    1829     He 
was  re-elected  in  1832,  anu  took  the  oath 
of  office  a  second  time  March  4,  1833    At 
the  close  of  his  administration    March  4 
1837,  he  retired  to  the  Hermitage   in  Ten 
nessee,  and  died  on  the  8th  day 'of  June 
1845.    Jackson  held  office— judicial,  politi 
cal  and  military— in  all  about  twenty-five 
years.     He   died   tolerably  well    off.     His 
famous   toast   was:     Our    union— it   must 
be  preserved. 

JACKSON,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist 
author,  was  born  May  31,  1775,  in  New-' 
buryport.  Mass.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Bos 
ton  who  published  a  valued  Treatise  on 
Real  Actions.  He  died  Dec.  13,  1855  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

JACKSON,  CHARLES,  governor,  was 
born  in  1797.  He  was  governor  of  Rhode 
Island  for  one  year,  beginning  with  1845. 
He  died  Jan.  21,  1876,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

JACKSON,  CHARLES  DAVIS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1811,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Westchester,  N.  Y.,  in  1843-71, 
whose  only  published  work  is  Suffering 
Here  and  Glory  Hereafter.  He  died  June 
28,  1871,  in  Westchester,  N.  Y. 

JACKSON,  CHARLES  LORING,  chem 
ist,  author,  was  born  April  4,  1847,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  discovered  in  1883-84  a 
new  method  for  the  preparation  of  bor- 
neol  from  camphor,  which  is  considered 
the  best  method  that  has  been  found  as 
yet.  His  Lecture  Notes  in  Cnemistry 
has  been  printed  privately. 

JACKSON,  CHARLES  THOMAS,  scien 
tist,  author,  was  born  June  21,  1805,  in 
Plymouth,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  scien 
tist  whose  laboratory  for  research  in  ana 
lytical  chemistry  was  the  first  of  its  kind 
in  the  United  States.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Report  on  the  Geology  of  Maine; 
Mineral  Lands  in  Michigan;  and  Manual 
of  Etherization.  He  died  Aug.  28,  1880, 
in  Somerville,  Mass. 


522 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF   AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


JACKSON,  CLAlBORNE  FOX.  soldier, 
governor,  was  born  April  4.  1807,  in 
Fleming  county,  Ky.  He  served  as  cap 
tain  in  the  Black  Hawk  war;  and  served 
for  twelve  years  in  the  Kentucky  state 
legislature,  for  a  time  as  speaker.  In  1860 
he  was  elected  governor  of  Missouri.  He 
left  the  state  on  the  approach  of  the  fed 
eral  army,  and  was  deposed  by  a  state 
convention.  He  afterward  served  for  a 
short  time  as  a  general  in  the  confederate 
army.  He  died  Dec.  6,  1862,  in  Little 
Rock,  Ark. 

JACKSON,  CONRAD  FAEGER,  soldier, 
was  born  Sept.  11,  1813,  in  Pennsylvania. 
In  1862  he  was  made  brigadier-general, 
and  commanded  the  third  brigade  of  Mc- 
Call's  division,  participated  in  the  battles 
of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  and  was 
killed  at  Fredericksburg  while  at  the  head 
of  the  column  of  attack.  He  died  Dec. 
13,  1862,  in  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

JACKSON,  DAVID,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  about  1747,  in  Ches 
ter  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1785  to  1786.  He  died  in  1801.  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

JACKSON,  DAVID  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1847  to  1848. 

JACKSON.  EBENEZER,  JR.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1834  to  1835,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
JACKSON.  EDWARD  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Harrison  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1820  to  1823,  to  fill  a  va 
cancy.  He  died  Sept.  8,  1826. 

JACKSON,  EDWARD  PAYSON,  educa 
tor,  author,  w'as  born  March  15,  1840,  in 
Turkey.  He  is  an  educator  of  Boston, 
and  master  in  the  Latin  school  from  1877. 
He  is  the  author  of  Mathematic  Geogra 
phy;  A  Demigod,  a  novel;  The  Earth  in 
Space;  and  Character  Building. 

JACKSON,  ELIHU  E.,  governor,  was 
born  Nov.  3,  1837,  in  Wicomico  county, 
Md.  In  1887  ne  was  elected  governor  of 
Maryland. 

JACKSON.  EMILY,  was  born  in  Ten 
nessee.  She  presided  in  the  white  house 
during  the  administration  of  President 
Jackson,  who  always  spoke  of  her  as  my 
daughter.  She  died  in  December,  1836,  in 
Tennessee. 

JACKSON.  FRANCIS,  reformer,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  7,  1789,  in  Newton, 
Mass.  He  was  a  prominent  reformer  who 
was  president  of  the  Anti-Slavery  socie 
ty  for  many  years,  and  published  a  His 
tory  of  Newton,  Mass.  He  died  Nov.  14, 
1861.  in  Boston.  Mass. 

JACKSON,  FRANK  WATTERSON,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  June  6,  1874,  in  Ohio 
Pyle,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  Mount 
Pleasant  institute  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
received  the  three-hundred-dollar  cash 
prize  for  the  best  preparation  for  college. 
He  then  attended  Bucknell  university  and 
the  university  of  Chicago.  He  fills  the 
chair  of  Greek  in  the  Mount  Pleasant  in 
stitute;  and  contributes  extensively  to 
current  literature. 

JACKSON.  GEORGE  ANSON.  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1846,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Swampscott,  Mass.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Son  of  a  Prophet,  an  histori 
cal  novel;  Apostolic  Fathers;  Fathers  of 
the  Second  Century;  Post-Nicene  Greek 
Fathers:  and  Post-Nicene  Latin  Fathers, 
four  works  which  form  a  series  of  early 
Christian  literature  primers. 


JACKSON.  GEORGE  THOMAS,  derma 
tologist,  author,  was  born  in  1852,  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  noted  dermatologist  of  New 
York  city,  and  the  author  of  Diseases  of 
the  Hair  and  Scalp;  Baldness;  and  Hand 
book  of  Diseases  of  the  Skin. 

JACKSON,  HANCOCK,  governor.  _He 
was  acting  governor  of  Missouri  in  1857. 
JACKSON,  MRS.  HELEN  (FISKE) 
(HUNT),  novelist,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  18, 
1831,  in  Amherst,  Mass.  She  was  a  novel 
ist  and  poet  whose  greatest  achievement 
is  Ramona,  a  powerful  romance  of  Indian 
life  in  southern  California.  To  her  is 
usually  attributed  the  authorship  of  the 
Saxe  Holme  stories.  Her  other  works  in 
clude,  Verses;  Bits  of  Travel;  Bits  of 
Talk;  A  Century  of  Dishonor;  Bits  of 
Talk  in  Verse  and  Prose;  Bits  of  Travel 
at  Home;  The  Story  of  Boon,  a  Poem; 
Sonnets  and  Lyrics;  Nelly's  Silver  Mine; 
Cat  Stories;  Mercy  Philbrick's  Choice; 
Hetty's  Strange  History;  Zeph;  Glimpses 
of  Three  Coasts;  Between  Whiles,  a  col 
lection  of  short  stories;  The  Procession 
of  Flowers  in  Colorado:  and  Condition 
and  Needs  of  the  Mission  Indians  of  Cali 
fornia  (with  K.  Abbot),  bhe  died  Aug. 
12,  1885,  in  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

JACKSON,  HENRY,  soldier,  was  born 
in  October,  1747,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
commanded  the  fourth  Massachusetts  reg 
iment,  and  was  major-general  of  Massa 
chusetts  militia  from  1772  till  1796.  He 
died  Jan.  4,  1809,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

JACKSON,  HENRY,  educator,  public- 
official,  was  born  in  1778,  in  England.  He 
was  professor  of  mathematics  and  natural 
philosophy  in  the  university  of  Georgia 
from  1811  to  1814,  and  from  1817  to  1828. 
He  was  secretary  of  legation  to  France 
under  William  H.  Crawford,  minister; 
and  on  his  return,  and  the  appointment 
of  Gallatin  to  France,  he  remained  in  the 
legation  as  charge  d'affaires  until  1817. 
He  died  April  26,  1840.  near  Athens,  Ga. 

JACKSON.  HENRY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  16,  1798,  in  Providence,  R. 
I.  He  was  a  founder  and  trustee  of  New 
ton  (Mass.)  Theological  seminary.  He 
published  Account  of  the  Churches  of 
Rhode  Island;  and  Anniversary  Discourse 
before  the  Central  Baptist  Church,  New 
port.  He  died  March  2,  1863,  in  East 
Greenwich,  R.  I. 

JACKSON.  HENRY  ROOTES,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  June  24,  1820.  in  Ath 
ens,  Ga.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  and 
attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 
He  was  confederate  judge  for  Georgia  in 
1861;  and  United  States  minister  to  Mex 
ico  in  1885  and  1887. 

JACKSON,  HOWELL  EDMUNDS,  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States,  was  born  April  8,  1832.  in 
Paris,  Tenn.  He'  removed  to  Memphis. 
Tenn.,  in  1859;  was  twice  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  state  supreme  court.  He  re 
turned  to  Jackson  in  1876;  and  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1880.  He  was  elected  a  senator  of 
the  United  States  from  Tennessee  for  the 
term  of  six  years  from  1881;  and  in  1886 
was  appointed  United  States  district 
judge  for  the  western  district  of  Tennes 
see;  and  in  1893  became  an  associate  jus 
tice. 

JACKSON,  HUGH,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Feb.  2,  1851,  in  Chambers  coun 
ty,  Tex.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Beaumont,  Tex.;  and  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Texas  state  legislature  in  1897. 
JACKSON,  ISAAC  W.,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1805,  in  New  York.  He 
was  an  educator  who  was  professor  of 
mathematics  in  Union  college  from  1826. 
He  was  the  author  of  Elements  of  Conic 
Sections;  and  Treatise  on  Optics.  He  died 
July  28,  1877,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 


JACKSON,  J.  HENRY,  physician,  sur 
geon,  educator,  legislator,  was  born  April 
19,  1844,  in  Canada.  Since  1882  he  has 
been  professor  of  physiology  in  the  medical 
department  in  the  university  of  Vermont. 
He  is  a  successful  physician  and  surgeon 
of  Barre,  Vt.;  and  was  a  representative 
in  the  Vermont  state  legislature  in  1878; 
was  United  States  examining  surgeon  for 
pensions  in  1884-88,  and  in  1892-96;  and 
in  1896  was  the  democratic  candidate  for 
governor  of  the  state  of  Vermont. 

JACKSON.  JABEZ.  congressman,  was 
born  in  Georgia.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1836  to 
1839. 

JACKSON.  JACOB  B.,  lawyer,  gover 
nor,  was  born  April  6,  1829,  in  Parkers- 
burg,  Va.  He  was  commonwealth  attor 
ney  for  the  county  of  Pleasants,  and  from 
1871  to  1877  held  the  same  position  in  the 
county  of  Wood.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
house"  of  delegates  of  West  Virginia  dur 
ing  the  years  1875  and  1876;  and  in  1880 
was  elected  governor  of  West  Virginia  for 
the  term  of  four  years  from  1881. 

JACKSON.  JAMES,  soldier,  lawyer, 
governor.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  21,  1757,  in  England.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  conven 
tion  which  formed 
the  first  constitution 
of  Georgia,  was  cho 
sen  a  representative 
in  congress  in  1789^ 
from  Georgia;  and 
after  the  close  of  his 
first  term  successful 
ly  contested  the  seat 
of  Anthony  Wayne. 
In  1793  he  was  cho 
sen  a  senator,  which 
office  he  resigned  in 
1795.  He  was  major-general  of  the  Geor 
gia  militia;  and  was  governor  of  the  state- 
from  1798  until  his  election  as  United 
States  senator  in  1801.  He  died  March  16, 
1806.  in  Washington.  D.  C. 

JACKSON.  JAMES,  physician,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Oct.  3,  17  n,  in  New- 
buryport.  Mass.  He  was  the  first  physi 
cian  of  the  Massachusetts  general  hos 
pital  at  Boston,  and  professor  of  medi 
cine  at  Harvard  university  from  1810  until 
his  death.  He  was  the  author  of  On  the- 
Brunonian  System;  Medical  Effects  of 
Dentition;  Syllabus  of  Lectures;  Text- 
Book  of  Lectures;  and  Letters  to  a  Young 
Physician.  He  died  Aug.  27,  1863,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

JACKSON,  JAM^S,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1819,  in  Jef 
ferson  county.  Ga.  In  1842  he  was  elect 
ed  secretary  of  the  senate  of  Georgia, 
holding  the  office  one  year.  In  1845  he 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature,  and 
re-elected  to  the  same  position  in  1847. 
In  1849  he  was  chosen  judge  of  the  west 
ern  circuit  of  his  state,  and  was  elected 
to  the  same  office  by  the  people  in  1853. 
and  again  in  1857.  In  June  of  that  year 
he  was  nominated  for  congress,  resigning 
his  judgeship,  and  in  October  following 
was  elected  a  representative  to  the  thir 
ty-fifth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-sixth  congress;  resigned  In 
February,  1861;  and  returned  10  Georgia. 
He  died  Jan.  13.  1887,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

JACKSON,  JAMES  CALEB,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1811,  in  Manlius.  N. 
Y.  He  is  the  founder  of  a  popular  hydro 
pathic  institution  at  Dansville,  and  the 
author  of  Hints  on  the  Reproductive  Or 
gans;  Consumption;  Tobacco  and  Its 
Effect;  How  to  Treat  the  Sick  without 
Medicine;  Dancing,  its  Evils  and  Bene 
fits;  American  Womanhood;  Training  of 
Children;  Debilities  of  Our  Boys;  Christ 
as  a  Physician;  and  Morning  Watches. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


52S 


JACKSON,  JAMES  STRESHLEY,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
27,  1823,  in  Fayette  county,  Ky.  He 
served  in  the  Mexican  war  as  a  captain 
of  volunteers.  In  1861  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  thir 
ty-seventh  congress.  While  the  rebel 
lion  was  progressing  he  recruited  a  regi 
ment  of  Kentucky  cavalry,  and  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  a  brigadier-general. 
He  was  killed  Oct.  8,  1862,  in  the  battle 
of  Perryville,  Ky. 

JACKSON,  JAMES  W.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  June  24,  1856,  in  Augusta, 
Ga.  Since  1893  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Augusta  Southern  railroad. 

JACKSON,  JOHN  ADAMS,  sculptor, 
was  born  Nov.  5,  1825,  in  Bath.  Maine. 
His  ideal  productions  are  noted  for  cheir 
anatomical  accuracy  and  graceful  treat 
ment.  These  include  Eve  and  the  Dead 
Abel;  Autumn;  Cupid  Stringing  his  Bow; 
Titania  and  Nick  Bottom;  The  Culprit 
Fay  (many  times  repeated);  Dawn  (re 
peated);  Peace;  Cupid  on  a  Swan;  and 
The  Morning  Glory.  He  died  Aug.  30, 
1879,  in  Tuscany. 

JACKSON,  JOHN  GEORGE,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1774,  in 
Virginia.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1795  to  1797, 
from  1799  to  1810,  and  again  from  1813 
to  1817.  He  died  March  29,  1825,  in  Clarks 
burg,  Va. 

JACKSON,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1824,  in 
Parkersburg,  Va.  He  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  the  county  of  Wirt,  Va.,  from 
1848  to  1854;  and  held  the  same  position 
in  the  county  of  Ritcnie  from  1850  to 

1852.  In  1851  he  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  in  the  legislature  of  Virginia  for  a 
term  of  two  years;  and  was  re-elected  in 

1853.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the   United   States   district  court   for  the 
western  district  of  Virginia,  now  the  dis 
trict  of  West  Virginia. 

JACKSON,  JOHN  J.,  JR.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  in  Virginia.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  United  States  judge  for  the  dis 
trict  of  West  Virginia,  residing  at  Par 
kersburg. 

JACKSON,  JOHN  KING,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1828,  in  Augusta, 
Ga.  He  practiced  law  till  the  beginning 
of  the  civil  war.  He  then  raised  the  first 
Georgia  infantry  and  the  Augusta  volun 
teer  battalion  for  the  confederate  army, 
was  made  colonel  of  the  fifth  Georgia 
regiment  in  1861,  and  subsequently  briga 
dier-general.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1866,  in 
Milledgeville,  Ga. 

JACKSON,  JONATHAN,  congressman, 
was  born  June  4,  1743,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  in  1782;  United  States  marshal  from 
1789  to  1791;  treasurer  of  Massachusetts 
from  1802  to  1806;  and  was  treasurer  of 
Harvard  college  from  1807  until  his  death. 
He  died  March  5,  1810,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

JACKSON.  JOSEPH  COOKE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1835,  in  New 
ark,  N.  J.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1865.  At  the  close 
of  his  term  of  service  he  was  appointed 
by  the  war  department  a  commissioner  of 
the  United  States  naval  credits.  In  1870 
he  was  appointed  assistant  district  attor 
ney  for  the  southern  district  of  New 
York. 

JACKSON,  JOSEPH  W., state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  frequently  a  mem 
ber  of  the  city  council  of  Savannah;  and 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  state  leg 
islature.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1850  to  1853.  He 
died  Dec.  28,  1854,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 


JACKSON,  MERCY  BISBEE,  physician, 
was  born  Sept.  17,  1802,  in  Hardwick, 
Mass.  She  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in 
all  the  reforms  of  female  education,  prov 
ing  by  example  that  woman's  sphere  can 
be  complete,  and  yet  rounded  out  beyond 
the  limits  of  housekeeping.  She  died  Dec. 
13,  1877,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

JACKSON,  MICHAEL,  soldier,  was 
born  Dec.  18,  1734,  in  Newton,  Mass.  He 
was  colonel  of  the  eighth  Massachusetts 
regiment  of  the  continental  line  from 
January,  1777.  till  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  died  April  10,  1801,  in  Newton,  Mass. 

JACKSON,  NATHANIEL  JAMES,  sol 
dier,  was  born  about  1825,  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.  He  was  commissioned  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers  in  1862;  and 
served  through  the  campaigns  of  Mc- 
Clellau  and  Pope  in  Virginia,  being 
wounded  at  Gaines's  Mills. 

JACKSON,  OSCAR  L.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1840,  in 
Lawrence  county.  Pa.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  from  1861  to  1865,  entering 
as  captain,  and  receiving  the  promotions 
of  major,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  colonel 
by  brevet.  He  was  district  attorney  from 
1868  to  1871;  was  county  solicitor  from 
1874  to  1880;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
commission  to  codify  laws  and  devise  a 
plan  for  the  government  of  cities  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1877  and  1878.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

JACKSON,  RICHARD,  JR.,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1764.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
Rhode  Island  from  1808  to  1815.  He  died 
April  18,  1838,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

.  JACKSON,  ROBERT  MONTGOMERY 
SMITH,  physician,  author,  was  born  April 
20,  1815,  in  Alexandria,  Pa.  He  was  medi 
cal  inspector  of  the  twenty-third  army 
corps,  and  acting  medical  director  of  the 
department  of  the  Ohio.  He  published  a 
work  entitled  The  Mountain.  He  died 
Jan.  28,  1865,  in  CHattanooga,.  Tenn. 

JACKSON,  SAMUEL,  physician,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  March  22,  1787,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  appointed  pro 
fessor  of  the  institute  of  medicine  in  the 
university  of  Pennsylvania,  and  held  this 
office  from  1835  till  1863,  when  he  re 
signed,  and  was  afterward  emeritus  pro 
fessor  till  his  death.  He  was  the  author 
01  Principles  of  Medicine;  Discourse  Com 
memorative  of  Professor  Nathaniel  Chap 
man;  and  Medical  Essays.  He  died  April 
4,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

JACKSON,  SAMUEL  McCARTNEY, 
soldier,  manufacturer,  state  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  24,  1833,  in  Armstrong  county, 
Pa.  He  served  through  the  civil  war,  and 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  re 
ceived  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the 
legislature  from  Armstrong  county,  Pa.; 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1875; 
and  in  1893  elected  state  treasurer. 

JACKSON,  SHELDON,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  16,  1834,  in  Minaville, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian  missionary, 
and  government  general  agent  of  educa 
tion  in  Alaska  since  1885.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Alaska  and  Missions  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast;  and  Education  in  Alaska. 
JACKSON,  THOMAS  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1837  to  1841;  and  was  also  for  three 
years  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  New 
York. 

JACKSON,  THOMAS  EDWARD,  mer 
chant,  was  born  July  9,  1852,  in  Tampa, 
Fla.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  ed 
ucation  in  the  common  schools  of  his  na 
tive  city,  and  subsequently  graduated 


from  St.  John's  college  of  Fordham.  N. 
Y.  He  is  a  successful  merchant  of  Tam 
pa,  Fla.;  has  been  a  member  of  the  city 
council  for  several  terms;  served  twice 
as  mayor;  for  four  terms  was  treasurer 
of  Hillsborough  county;  and  is  now  in 
the  United  States  customs  service. 

JACKSON,  THOMAS  JONATHAN,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1824,  in  Clarks 
burg,  W.  Va.  Stonewall  Jackson  was  a 
____  noted  general  of  the 

confederate  army 
during  the  civil  war. 
He  died  of  a  wound 
received  by  mistake 
from  his  own  forces 
during  the  battle 
of  Chancellorsville, 
May  10,  1863.  The 
advantages  which 
the  confederates 
gained  in  that  battle 
were  dearly  purchas 
ed  by  the  loss  of 
their  noble  leader,  whose  death  was  sin 
cerely  mourned. 

JACKSON,  W.  T.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1794,  in  Ches 
ter,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace 
several  years  in  Havana,  N.  Y.;  held  the 
office  of  county  judge  four  years;  and  in 
1848  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  and  served  one  term. 

JACKSON,  WILLIAM,  railroad  builder, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  2, 
1183,  in  Newton,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature  from  1829  to  1832; 
from  1834  to  1837,  and  from  1841  to  1843- 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state;  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
was  president  of  the  Newton  bank.  He 
died  Feb.  27,  1855,  in  Newton,  Mass. 

JACKSON,  WILLIAM  HICKS,  soldier, 
was  born  Oct.  7,  1836,  in  Paris,  Tenn.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general  in  the  confed 
erate  service.  Since  the  war  he  has  oc 
cupied  himself  largely  and  successfully 
in  stock-raising,  and  is  in  co-partnership 
with  Richard  Croker,  tne  owner  of  the 
extensive  Belle  Meade  stock  farm  in  the 
blue  grass  region  of  Tennessee. 

JACKSON,  WILLIAM  LOWTHER,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was 
born  Feb.  3,  1825,  in  Clarksburg,  Va.  He 
served  as  commonwealth's  attorney;  was. 
twice  in  the  Virginia  house  of  delegates; 
twice  second  auditor  and  superintendent 
of  the  state  library  fund;  once  lieuten 
ant-governor;  and  was  elected  judge  of 
the  nineteenth  judicial  district  of  the 
state  in  1860.  In  1861  he  entered  the  con 
federate  army  in  command  of  the  thirty- 
first  Virginia  regiment,  and  became  a 
brigadier-general.  He  died  March  26,  1890, 
in  Louisville,  Ky. 

JACOB,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  governor, 
was  born  Dec.  9,  1829,  in  Hampshire  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  for  several  years  con 
nected  with  the  state  university  of  Mis 
souri;  and  was  a  member  of  the  West 
Virginia  legislature  in  1869.  In  1870  he 
was  elected  governor  of  \vest  Virginia  for 
two  years;  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term 
of  four  years,  beginning  with  1873. 

JACOB,  RICHARD  TAYLOR,  soldier, 
lieutenant-governor,  was  born  March  13. 
1825,  in  Oldham  county,  Ky.  He  filled 
the  office  of  lieutenant-governor  of  Ken 
tucky  during  1863-67;  and  acting  at  one 
time  as  governor. 

JACOBI,  ABRAHAM,  physician,  author, 
was  born  May  6,  1810,  in  Germany.  He  is 
a  New  York  city  physician;  professor  in 
the  college  of  Physicians  since  1870,  and 
the  author  of  Dentition  and  Its  Derange 
ments;  Infant  Hygiene;  Diphtheria; 
Pathology  of  the  Thymus  Gland;  Ther 
apeutics  of  Infancy  and  Childhood. 


524 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


JACOBI,  MRS.  MARY  (PUTNAM),  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1842,  in 
London,  England.  She  is  a  physician  of 
prominence  in  New  York  city,  and  the 
first  woman  to  enter  and  graduate  from 
Ecole  de  MSdecine  in  Paris.  She  is  the 
author  of  The  Value  of  Life;  Cold  Pack 
and  Anaemia;  Hysteria,  and  Other  Essays; 
The  Martyr  to  Science;  Studies  in  Pri 
mary  Education;  Common  Sense  Applied 
to  Woman  Suffrage;  Manual  of  Nursing; 
and  Found  and  Lost. 

JACOBS,  FERRIS,  JR.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  30,  1836, 
in  Delhi,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  from  1861  to  1865,  rising  from  the 
rank  of  captain  to  that  of  colonel  and 
brevet  brigadier-general.  He  was  elected 
district  attorney  in  1865,  and  was  re- 
elected,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-seventh  con 
gress  as  a  republican.  He  died  Aug.  31, 
1881,  in  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

JACOBS,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1834,  in  Kingstown, 
Jamaica.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1854,  and  in  1869  he  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  a  Philadelphia  synagogue. 
He  wrote  several  Sunday-school  books, 
and  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
Jewish  press. 

JACOBS,  HENRY  EYSTER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1844,  in  Get 
tysburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergyman 
of  Philadelphia,  professor  in  the  lutheran 
seminary  since  1883,  and  editor  of  the  Lu 
theran  Review  from  1882.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Lutheran  Movement  in  Eng 
land;  The  Lutherans;  several  translations 
of  religious  works  from  the  German; 
and  History  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church  in  the  United  States. 

JACOBS,  ISRAEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Germany.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1791  to  1793. 

JACOBS,  JOHN  ADAMSON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  19.  1806,  in  Lees- 
Imrg,  Va.  He  was  an  educator  who  was 
forty-five  years  superintendent  of  the  deaf 
and  dumb  institution  at  Danville,  Ky.  He 
published  Primary  Lessons  for  Deaf 
Mutes.  He  died  Nov.  27,  1869,  in  Danville, 
Ky. 

JACOBS,  JOSEPH,  manufacturer,  bank 
er,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1828,  in 
Hingham,  Mass.  He  represented  the  town 
of  Hingham  in  the  Massachusetts  house  of 
representatives  in  1881-83.  Since  1876  he 
has  been  president  of  the  Hingham  Na 
tional  bank. 

JACOBS,  MICHAEL,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1808,  in  Waynesborough, 
Pa.  He  was  an  educator  who  was  profes 
sor  in  Pennsylvania  college  at  Gettysburg 
in  1852-71,  and  published  Notes  on  the 
Rebel  Invasion  and  the  Battle  of  Gettys 
burg.  He  died  in  1871. 

JACOBS,  MICHAEL  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1850,  in  Gettys 
burg,  Pa.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Harrisburg, 
and  the  author  of  a  Treatise  on  the  Law 
of  Domicile. 

JACOBS,  ORANGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  2,  1829,  in  Liv 
ingston  county,  N.  J.  In  1852  he  moved 
to  Oregon,  was  appointed  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Washington  terri 
tory  in  1869,  and  settled  there.  In  1871 
he  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the 
territory,  reappointed  In  1874,  and  held 
that  position  when  elected  a  delegate  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a 
republican. 


JACOBS,  SARAH  SPRAGUE,  author, 
was  born  March  17,  1813,  in  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.  She  is  a  writer  of  Cambridge,  Mass., 
and  author  of  Nonantum  and  Natick,  a 
juvenile  giving  an  account  of  the  labors 
of  John  Eliot  among  the  New  England  In 
dians,  and  White  Oak  and  Its  Neighbors. 

JACOBS,  WILLIAM  R.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1868,  in  Elizabeth,  Pa. 
He  commenced  life  as  a  printer,  and  sub 
sequently  entered  into  a  journalistic  ca 
reer.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems.  Some  of  his  productions  have  been 
given  a  place  in  Poets  of  America,  and 
other  standard  works. 

JACOBUS,  MELANCTHON  WILLIAMS, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  19,  1816,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  He  was 
a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Brooklyn 
and  Pittsburg,  and  professor  of  Oriental 
literature  in  the  Theological  seminary  at 
Allegheny  City,  in  1851-76.  He  was  the 
author  of  Letters  on  the  Public  School 
Question;  Notes  on  the  New  Testament, 
a  very  popular  work;  and  Notes  on  Gen 
esis.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1876,  in  Allegheny 
City,  Pa. 

JACOBY,  LUDWIG  SIGISMUND,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1813,  in 
Germany.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman 
of  German  birth  who  as  general  foreign 
agent  of  the  methodist  church  resided  at 
Bremen  in  1849-72.  On  his  return  to  the 
United  States  he  lived  in  St.  Louis.  He 
was  the  author  of  Geschichte  des  Method- 
ismus;  Letzte  Stunden;  Kurzer  Inbegriff 
der  christlichen  Glaubenlehre;  and  Bib- 
lische  Hand-Concordanz.  He  died  June 
21,  1874,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

JACQUES,  DANIEL  HARRISON,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  about  1825.  He 
was  a  southern  physician  who  edited  The 
Rural  Carolinian.  He  was  the  author  of 
Hints  about  Physical  Perfection;  The  Gar 
den;  The  Farm;  The  Barnyard;  The 
House;  Florida  as  a  Permanent  Home; 
How  to  Grow  Handsome;  The  Tempera 
ments;  How  to  Behave;  and  How  to  Talk. 
He  died  Aug.  28,  1877,  near  Fernandina. 
Fla. 

JADWIN,  CORNELIUS  C.,  civil  engin 
eer,  congressman,  was  born  March  27, 
1835,  in  Carbondale,  Pa.  He  was  a  civil 
engineer  from  1857  to  1861.  He  served  for 
nine  years  as  a  member  of  the  district 
board  of  education,  three  years  as  presi 
dent  of  the  board,  and  was  a  delegate  to 
the  republican  national  convention  of 
1880.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-seventh 
congress  as  a  republican. 

JAFFREY,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  22,  1682,  in  New  Castle,  N. 
H.  He  was  successively  a  councilor,  a 
judge,  treasurer  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
chief  justice.  The  town  of  Jaffrey  is 
named  for  him.  He  died  May  8,  1749,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

JAGGAR,  THOMAS  AUGUSTUS,  bishop 
of  southern  Ohio,  was  born  June  2,  1839, 
in  New  York.  He  has  published  bacca 
laureate  addresses  before  the  universities 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio;  an  address  to 
the  graduating  class  of  the  Philadelphia 
Divinity  school;  a  sermon  preached  be 
fore  the  American  Social  Science  associa 
tion;  The  Ministry  of  Phillips  Brooks; 
Duty  of  the  Clergy  in  Relation  to  Modern 
Skepticism:  as  well  as  various  pastorals 
and  addresses  on  general  subjects. 

JAMES,  AMAZIAH  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  1,  1812,  in 
Stephentown,  N.  Y.  In  1853  he  was  elected 
a  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court;  re 
signed  in  1876;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty-fifth 
and  forty-sixth  congresses  as  a  republi 
can. 


JAMES,  BUSHROD  WASHINGTON,  oc 
ulist,  climatologist,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
25,  1836,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the 
author  of  American  Resorts  and  Climates, 
and  Alaskana,  or  Legends  of  Alaska, 
which  is  in  its  third  edition. 

JAMES,  CHARLES  P.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  District  of  Col 
umbia  in  1879. 

JAMES,  CHARLES  P.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  May  11,  1818,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  appointed  professor 
of  law  in  the  Law  school  of  Cincinnati 
college  in  1850,  and  served  six  years.  He 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  Cincinnati  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  moved 
to  Washington,  D.  C.,  in  1864;  was  one  of 
the  commission  appointed  to  revise  the 
statutes  of  the  United  States,  and  was  for 
four  years  professor  of  law  in  the  Law 
school  of  Georgetown  university,  D.  C. 
He  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  District  of  Col 
umbia  in  1879. 

JAMES,  CHARLES  TILL1NGHAST, 
mechanic,  inventor,  United  States  senator, 
author,  was  born  in  1804  in  West  Green 
wich,  R.  I.  He  wrote  a  series  of  papers 
on  the  culture  and  manufacture  of  cotton 
in  the  south.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  1851  to  1857  from  Rhode  Is 
land.  He  subsequently  invented  a  rifled 
cannon,  and  met  his  death  from  the  ex 
plosion  of  a  shell  of  his  own  invention. 
He  died  Oct.  17,  1862,  in  Sag  Harbor,  N.  Y. 

JAMES,  DARWIN  R.,  merchant,  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  May  14,  1834. 
in  Williamsburg,  Mass.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  a  dispensary;  one  of  the 
founders  and  treasurer  of  the  bureau  of 
charities  of  Brooklyn,  and  served  six  years 
as  park  commissioner.  He  became  a  di 
rector  in  a  Marine  Insurance  company; 
secretary  of  the  New  York  board  of  trade 
and  transportation,  and  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  New  York 
Anti-Monopoly  league.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-eighth,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress  as  a  republican. 

JAMES,  EDMUND  JAMES,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  21,  1855,  in  Jack 
sonville,  111.  He  is  professor  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Chicago,  and  the  author  of 
numerous  monographs  and  articles  on 
various  scientific  and  educational  sub 
jects,  the  principal  of  which  are:  Our 
Legal  Tender  Decisions;  The  Education  of 
Business  Men;  and  The  Relation  of  the 
Modern  Municipality  to  the  Gas  Supply; 
with  several  translations  from  the  Ger 
man. 

JAMES,  EDWIN,  geologist,  botanist, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1797,  in  Way- 
bridge,  Vt.  He  was  a  geologist  and  bot 
anist  whose  later  years  were  spent  in 
Burlington,  Iowa.  He  was  the  author  of 
Expedition  from  Pittsburg  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains;  Narrative  of  John  Tanner; 
and  a  translation  of  the  New  Testament 
into  the  Ojibway  language.  He  died  Oct. 
28,  1861,  in  Burlington,  Iowa. 

JAMES,  FRANCIS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1839  to  1843. 

JAMES,  HARRY  D.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Oct.  14,  1867,  in  Ogle  county,  111.  After 
receiving  a  liberal  education  he  entered 
educational  work.  He  afterward  took  up 
the  study  of  law;  commenced  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D.,  In 
1891,  and  the  following  year  moved  to 
Flandreau.  In  1896  he  was  elected  state's 
attorney  of  Moody  county,  and  is  gaining 
a  good  reputation  as  an  able  lawyer. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


525 


JAMES,  HENRY,  theologian,  author, 
was  born  June  3,  1811,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  Swendenborgian  writer  of  Cam 
bridge,  who  was  a  thinker  of  marked 
spirituality  and  originality.  His  Spiritual 
Creation  undoubtedly  affords  the  best  ex 
ample  of  his  felicitous  style  and  matured 
thought.  His  other  works  include,  So 
ciety  the  Redeemed  Form  of  Man;  Re 
marks  on  the  Gospels;  Moralism  and 
Christianity;  The  Nature  of  Evil;  Sub 
stance  and  Shadow;  The  Secret  of  Swe- 
denborg;  What  Is  the  State?  The  Church 
of  Christ;  Christianity  the  Lyric  of  Crea 
tion;  and  Literary  Remains,  edited  by 
W.  James.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1882,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

JAMES,  HENRY,  critic,  author,  was 
born  April  15,  1843,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  a  novelist  and  critic  who  since  1869 
has  resided  in  Europe,  and  mainly  in  Lon 
don.  In  fiction  his  writings  include,  Rod 
erick  Hudson;  The  American;  The  Eu 
ropeans;  A  Passionate  Pilgrim,  and  Other 
Tales;  Confidence;  Washington  Square; 
The  Portrait  of  a  Lady;  Watch  and  Ward; 
Daisy  Miller;  An  International  Episode; 
The  Siege  of  London;  The  Author  of  Bel- 
traffio,  and  Other  Tales;  The  Bostonians; 
The  Princess  Casamassima;  The  Rever 
berator;  The  Aspern  Papers,  and  Other 
Stories;  A  London  Life;  The  Tragic  Muse; 
The  Lesson  of  the  Master,  and  Other 
Tales;  The  Spoils  of  Poynton;  What  Mai- 
sie  Knew;  The  Other  House;  The  Private 
Life;  The  Wheel  of  Time;  Terminations; 
Embarrassments;  Theatricals,  two  come 
dies;  The  Real  Thing,  and  Other  Tales; 
Tales  of  Three  Cities.  Other  works  by 
Mr.  James  are,  Transatlantic  Sketches; 
French  Poets  and  Novelists;  Portraits  of 
Places;  Life  of  Hawthorne;  The  Madonna 
of  the  Future;  A  Little  Tour  in  France; 
Picture  and  Text;  Essays  in  London;  and 
Partial  Portraits. 

JAMES,  HENRY  AMMON,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  24,  1854,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York 
city  who  has  published  Communism  in 
America. 

JAMES,  JOHN  WALTER,  public  offi 
cial,  railroad  president,  was  born  Jan.  31, 
1836,  in  Washington  county,  Tenn.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  the  United 
States  army,  and  was 
present  at  the  bat 
tles  o  f  Lookout 
Mountain  and  Mis 
sionary  Ridge.  Dur 
ing  1864-70  he  was 
master  in  chancery 
a  t  Chattanooga, 

Tenn.;  was  twice  al 
derman  of  that  city, 
and  took  an  active 
part  in  its  education 
al  and  public  affairs.  He  was  mayor  of 
Chattanooga  in  1874-75;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  convention  of  the  national  green 
back  labor  party  in  1880;  was  a  candidate 
for  congress;  and  subsequently  received 
the  nomination  for  governor  of  Tennessee. 
Since  its  organization  in  1891  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  national  committee  of 
the  people's  party.  He  has  been  active 
in  railroad  building;  was  president  and 
general  manager  of  the  Chattanooga 
Southern  railway,  and  is  still  a  member 
of  numerous  local  corporate  and  company 
organizations.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1898,  in 
Alton  Park,  Tenn. 

JAMES,  JOSEPH  FRANCIS,  botanist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1857, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1881  he  was  ap 
pointed  custodian  of  the  Cincinnati  so 
ciety  of  Natural  History.  This  place  he 
resigned  in  1886  to  take  the  chair  of  bot 
any  and  geology  in  Miami  university, 


Oxford,  Ohio,  and  meanwhile  since  1883 
he  has  also  held  the  professorship  of  bot 
any  in  the  department  of  pharmacy  in 
the  university  of  Cincinnati.  He  is  the 
author  of  frequent  papers  on  botany  and 
geology  in  scientific  journals. 

JAMES,  LEWIS  GEORGE,  educator, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1844, 
in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Brooklyn  Ethical  association, 
and  for  many  years  filled  the  chair  of  his 
tory  in  the  Adelphi  academy.  He  is  the 
author  of  A  Study  of  Primitive  Chris 
tianity;  Evolution  of  Morals;  Life  as  a 
Fine  Art,  and  various  other  works. 

JAMES,  LUCY  M.,  poet,  was  born 
March  1,  1841,  in  Fair  Haven,  Mass.  Since 
1859  she  has  constantly  contributed  to 
the  periodical  press,  and  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  meritorious  poems.  She  is 
prominently  identified  with  various  in 
stitutions,  of  which  she  has  been  presi 
dent,  and  is  now  chaplain  of  the  Bristol 
County  association  of  the  Woman's  Re 
lief  Corps  auxiliary  to  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic,  and  resides  in  New  Bedford, 
Mass. 

JAMES,  LUTHER,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
1876  near  Edmonton,  Ky.  After  receiving 
a  liberal  education  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  his  age;  and 
has  since  attained  prominence  as  an  able 
orator  and  lawyer  of  Edmonton,  Ky. 

JAMES,  SUE  L.,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  July  30,  1843,  in  Saline,  Ark.  In 
1895  she  was  elected  poet  of  the  Arkansas 
Press  association.  For  years  she  has  been 
a  correspondent  for  several  leading  pub 
lications,  and  is  now  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Hot  Springs  Life,  a  literary  and 
society  paper.  She  was  appointed  a  com 
missioner  to  the  Atlanta  exposition,  and 
has  been  president  of  various  temperance, 
missionary  and  relief  societies. 

JAMES,  THOMAS  CHALKLEY,  edu 
cator,  physician,  surgeon,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  1766  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  In  1803  he  established  the  school  of 
Obstetrics  in  Philadelphia,  and  for  twen 
ty-five  years  was  physician  and  obstetri 
cian  in  the  Pennsylvania  hospital.  He 
was  for  Rome  years  president  of  the  Phil 
adelphia  college  of  Physicians,  and  was 
professor  of  midwifery  in  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania  from  1811  till  1834.  He 
died  July  25,  1835,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

JAMES,  THOMAS  LEMUEL,  journalist, 
banker,  public  official,  was  born  March 
29,  1831,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  He  was  made 
collector  of  canal  tolls  at  Hamilton  in 
1854  and  1855,  and  was  appointed  inspec 
tor  of  customs  in  the  New  York  custom 
house  in  1861;  weigher  in  1863,  and  depu 
ty  collector  in  1870.  He  was  appointed 
postmaster  at  New  York  city  in  1873  and 
was  reappointed  in  1877.  He  was  appoint 
ed  postmaster-general  in  the  cabinet  of 
President  Garfield,  in  1881,  and  continued 
in  that  position  in  the  cabinet  of  Presi 
dent  Arthur,  until  1882,  when  he  resigned 
to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  Lincoln 
National  bank  of  New  York  city. 

JAMES,  THOMAS  POTTS,  botanist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1803,  in  Radnor, 
Pa.  In  1867  he  settled  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  and  was  a  member  of  scientific  so 
cieties,  and  one  of  the  founders  and  long 
the  treasurer  of  the  American  Pomological 
society.  His  scientific  papers  were  con 
tributed  to  the  Proceedings  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  and 
to  the  Proceedings  of  the  American  Acad 
emy  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  He  died  Feb. 
22,  1882,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

JAMES,  WILLIAM,  psychologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1842,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  psychologist  of  distinction, 
professor  at  Harvard  university  from  1872, 


and  the  author  of  Principles  of  Psychol 
ogy;  and  Psychology,  a  briefer  study  of 
the  subject. 

JAMES,  WILLIAM  H.,  statesman.  He 
was  governor  of  Nebraska  from  1871  to 
1873. 

JAMESON,  CHARLES  DAVIS,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1827,  in 
Gorham,  Maine.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  war  he  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  second  Maine  regiment,  the  first  that 
left  that  state  for  the  seat  of  war,  and 
he  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  vol 
unteers  in  1861.  In  1861-62  he  was  the 
democratic  candidate  for  governor  of 
Maine.  He  died  Nov.  6,  1862,  in  Oldtown, 
Maine. 

JAMESON,  DAVID,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1752.  He  fought  at  the  battle  of  Great 
Bridge,  Dec.  9,  1775,  and  served  in  the 
southern  states  in  Stevens's  brigade  in 
1780  and  1781.  In  1790-91  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Virginia  legislature,  and  was 
afterward  a  magistrate  and  high  sheriff 
of  Culpeper  county.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1839, 
in  Culpeper  county,  Va. 

JAMESON,  EPHRAIM  HALL  EMERY, 
journalist,  clergyman,  lecturer,  was  born 
May  19, 1835,  in  St.  George,  Maine.  He  was 
educated  for  the  ministry  in  New  England, 
taught  school  in  Illinois,  and  for  one  year 
was  assistant  editor  on  a  daily  newspaper 
of  Springfield.  He  edited  the  Free  Demo 
crat  of  Galesburg  for  one  year;  in  1858  be 
came  a  reporter  on  the  St.  Louis  Demo 
crat,  and  was  connected  with  the  press 
of  that  city  for  twelve  years.  In  1861  he 
was  engaged  in  mustering  recruits;  then 
organized  regiments  of  militia,  and  was 
commissioned  colonel  of  one  of  these  regi 
ments  of  reserves,  and  did  duty  on  the 
border  for  nearly  two  years.  In  1862  he 
was  elected  as  a  republican  to  the  Mis 
souri  state  legislature,  received  the  re 
election,  serving  altogether  four  years, 
and  became  speaker.  In  1871  he  was 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  St.  Louis  Globe. 
In  1876  he  was  ordained,  and  became  pas 
tor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Omaha 
for  five  years;  pastor  at  Saginaw  three 
years;  and  pastor  at  Lansing  six  years. 
In  1890  he  was  appointed  district  secretary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Missionary 
society,  and  constantly  preaches  and  lec 
tures  on  various  themes. 

JAMESON,  EPHRAIM  ORCUTT,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1832,  in 
Dunbarton,  N.  H.  He  is  the  author  of  the 
Cogswells  in  America;  History  of  New- 
bury,  Mass.,  and  the  Choates  in  America. 

JAMESON,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Missouri  from  1830 
to  1831;  again  from  1843  to  1845;  and  for 
another  term  from  1847  to  1849. 

JAMESON,  JOHN  ALEXANDER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1824, 
in  Irasburg,  Vt.  He  is  a  jurist  of  Chicago, 
and  for  many  years  an  assistant  editor  of 
The  American  Law  Register.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Constitutional  Convention, 
its  History,  Power,  and  Modes  of  Proceed 
ing. 

JAMESON,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1859  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  a  professor  of  history  in 
Brown  university,  and  the  author  of  Will 
iam  Usselinx,  Founder  of  the  Dutch  and 
Swedish  West  India  Companies;  The  His 
tory  of  Historical  Writing  in  America; 
and  Dictionary  of  United  States  History. 

JAMESON,  PATRICK  HENRY,  physi 
cian, was  born  April  18,  1824,  in  Monroe, 
Ind.  From  1863  till  1866  he  was  acting 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States 
army,  and  from  1861  till  1869  physician  to 
the  Indiana  institution  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OK    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


JAMESON.  WILLIAM,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1791  in  Virginia.  During 
the  war  of  1812-14  he  was  in  several  en 
gagements,  and  received  his  commission 
as  captain  in  1844.  He  adhered  to  the 
cause  of  the  union  at  the  beginning  of 
*he  civil  war,  and  was  commissioned 
commodore  July  16,  1862.  He  died  Oct. 
7,  1873,  in  Alexandria. 

JAMISON.  ALCINOUS  BERTON,  phy- 
-ieian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1851,  in 
Wooster,  Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled,  The  Anus  and  Rectum, 
Their  Physiology,  Anatomy  and  Pathol 
ogy. 

JAMISON,  MRS".  CELIA  V (HAM 
ILTON),  author,  was  born  in  Louisiana. 
She  is  the  author  of  The  Story  of  an  En 
thusiast;  Toinette's  Philip;  Lady  Jane; 
and  Seraph,  the  Little  Violiniste. 

JAMISON,  WESLEY  ISAIAH,  educator, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  April  15,  1856,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  Central  Tennessee  college, 
and  the  Mohara  Law  school.  For  ten 
years  he  taught  school;  was  justice  of  the 
peace  for  three  terms,  and  is  now  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Topeka,  Kan. 
He  takes  a  prominent  part  in  public  af 
fairs,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  leaders 
in  republican  politics  of  his  state. 

JANES,  EDMUND  S.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Jan.  29,  1858,  in  Champaign,  111.  In  1878 
he  graduated  from  the  Bloomington  uni 
versity  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  and 
subsequently  received  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
from  the  same  institution.  He  has  gained 
prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Mary- 
ville,  Mo.;  .and  has  been  the  attorney  for 
the  Missouri  and  Pacific  Railroad  com 
pany. 

JANES,  EDMUND  STORER,  bishop, 
was  born  April  27,  1807,  in  Sheffield,  Mass. 
He  became  a  successful  clergyman  and 
bishop  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church. 
He  died  Sept.  18,  1876,  In  New  York  city. 

JANES,  EDWARD  HOUGHTON,  sol 
dier,  educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  3, 
1820,  in  Northfield,  Mass.  Since  1873  he 
.has  been  assistant  superintendent  of  the 
New  York  health  department.  In  1872  he 
was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  hygiene  in 
the  Women's  Medical  college  of  the  New 
York  infirmary.  He  has  published  a  Re 
port  on  Condensed  Milk;  and  Report  on 
the  Sanitary  Condition  of  New  York. 

JANES,  EDWIN  LINES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  27,  1807,  in  Sheffield, 
Mass.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman, 
and  the  author  of  Wesley  His  Own  His 
torian;  Character  and  Career  of  Bishop 
Asbury;  and  Memento  of  Edward  Payson. 
He  died  Jan.  10,  1875,  in  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

JANES,  HENRY  F.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  October, 
1792,  in  Brimfield,  Mass.  From  1820  to 
1830  he  was  postmaster  at  Waterbury, 
Mass.,  and  was  a  member  of  the  legisla 
tive  council  from  1830-34.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Vermont  from 
1834  to  1837;  was  state  treasurer  from 
1838  to  1841;  a  member  of  the  council  of 
censors  in  1848,  and  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature  from  Waterbury  in  1855. 

JANES,  LEWIS  GEORGE,  lecturer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1844  in  Rhode  Island. 
He  is  a  lecturer  of  Brooklyn;  for  twelve 
years  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Ethical 
association,  and  the  author  of  A  Study  of 
Primitive  Culture;  and  Samuell  Gorton,  a 
Forgotten  Founder  of  Our  Liberties. 

JANEWAY,  EDWARD  GAMALIEL,  ed 
ucator,  physician,  lecturer,  was  born  Aug. 
:: I,  1841,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  ap 
pointed  health  commissioner  of  the  city 
of  New  York  in  1875.  and  filled  that  ap 
pointment  until  1882.  He  was  vice-presi 


dent  of  the  New  York  Pathological  so 
ciety  in  1874,  and  has  been  president  of 
the  New  York  Medical  Journal  associa 
tion. 

JANEWAY,  JACOB  JONES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1774,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  who  held  several  pastorates  in 
Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  and  was 
engaged  in  general  mission  work.  He 
was  the  author  of  Exposition  of  the  Acts, 
Romans  and  Hebrews;  Internal  Evidences 
of  the  Holy  Bible;  Unlawful  Marriage; 
Review  of  Dr.  Schaff  on  Protestantism; 
and  The  Abrahamic  Covenant.  He  died 
June  27,  1858,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

JANNEY,  SAMUEL  MACPHERSON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1801, 
in  Ixmdoun  county,  Va.  He  was  a  preacher 
among  the  Hicksite  Friends  who  in  1869 
was  appointed  one  of  the  government  su 
perintendents  of  Indian  affairs.  He  was 
the  author  of  Lives  of  William  Penn  and 
George  Fox;  Conversations  on  Religious 
Subjects;  The  Last  of  the  Lenape,  and 
Other  Poems;  Historical  Sketch  of  the 
Christian  Church;  Summary  of  Christian 
Doctrines  Held  by  Friends;  Peace  Prin 
ciples  Exemplified  in  the  Early  History  of 
Pennsylvania;  and  History  of  the  Reli 
gious  Society  of  Friends  from  Its  Rise 
to  1828.  He  died  April  30,  1880,  in  Lou- 
dcun  county,  Va. 

JANNEY,  SPENCER  M.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  1840  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Since  1891  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Huntingdon  and  Broad  Top  Mountain 
Railroad  and  Coal  company. 

JANNSENS,  FRANCIS,  bishop,  was 
born  OCT.  17.  1841,  in  Holland.  He  has 
become  an  eminent  bishop  of  the  Roman 
catholic  church  at  Natchez,  Tenn. 

JANSEN,  REYNIER,  printer,  was  born 
in  Holland.  From  1698  till  1706  he  was 
the  only  printer  in  Pennsylvania.  Prob 
ably  the  first  book  issued  by  him  was 
God's  Protecting  Providence.  He  died  in 
1706  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

JANSSEN,  JOHN,  bishop,  was  born 
March  3,  1835,  in  Prussia.  He  has  at 
tained  eminence  as  a  clergyman  of  the 
Roman  catholic  church,  and  is  now  a 
bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Belleville,  111. 

JANVIER,  FRANCIS  DE  HAES,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  25,  1816,  in 
Pittsgrove,  N.  J.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Skeleton  Monk,  and  Other  Poems; 
The  Sleeping  Sentinel;  and  Patriotic 
Poems.  He  died  March  25,  1864,  in  India. 

JANVIEU.  MARGARET  THOMSON- 
MARGARET  VANDEGRIFT  —  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1845  in  Louisiana.  She 
is  a  Philadelphia  writer  of  children's 
books,  among  which  are  Clover  Bank; 
Under  the  Dog  Star;  Little  Helpers;  and 
\  Dead  Doll,  and  Other  Verses. 

JANVIER.  THOMAS  ALLIBONE,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1849  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  journalist  and  litt^ra- 
teur  of  Philadelphia,  and  subsequently  of 
New  York.  He  is  the  author  of  An  Em 
bassy  to  Provence,  a  volume  of  travel; 
Color  Studies;  Four  Stories;  The  Mexican 
Guide;  Stories  of  Old  New  Spain;  The 
Aztec  Treasure  House,  a  Romance;  The 
Uncle  of  an  Angel,  and  Other  Stories; 
and  in  Old  New  York. 

.IANVKIN.  JOSEPH  EDWARD,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1839,  in 
Exeter,  N.  H.  In  1872  he  was  appointed 
surgeon  to  the  Woman's  hospital  in  the 
state  of  New  York,  and  in  1882  filled  the 
position  of  gynecologist  at  the  New  York 
Skin  and  Cancer  hospital.  He  is  the 
author  of  A  Case  of  Interstitial  Pregnan 
cy;  A  Case  of  Tubal  Pregnancy  of  Un 
usual  Interest;  and  other  works. 


JARNAGIN,  SPENCER,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  about  1793  in 
Granger  county,  Tenn.  He  was  United 
States  senator  from  Tennessee  from  1841 
to  1847.  He  died  June  24,  1851,  in  Mem 
phis,  Tenn. 

JARRATT,  DEVEREUX,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1773,  near  Rich 
mond,  Va.  He  published  three  volumes 
of  sermons  and  a  series  of  letters  to  a 
friend  entitled  Thoughts  on  Some  Im 
portant  Subjects  in  Divinity.  He  died 
Jan.  29,  1801,  in  Virginia. 

JARVIS,  ABRAHAM,  bishop,  was  born 
May  3,  1739,  in  Norwalk,  Conn.  He  was 
second  protestant  episcopal  bishop  of 
Connecticut,  and  eighteenth  in  succession 
in  the  American  episcopate. 

JARVIS.  EDWARD,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  9,  1803,  in  Concord,  Mass. 
He  was  a  once  prominent  physician  of 
Dorchester,  Mass.;  and  in  1852  was  made 
president  of  the  American  Statistical  as 
sociation.  He  was  the  author  of  Physiol 
ogy  and  Health;  Elementary  Physiology; 
and  Condition  of  the  Insane  and  Idiots  in 
Massachusetts.  He  died  Oct.  31,  1884,  in 
Dorchester,  Mass. 

JARVIS,  JAMES  JACKSON,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  20,  1820,  in  Boston,  Mass, 
he  was  an  art  connoisseur  who  lived 
in  Hawaii  in  1838-49,  and  subsequently 
for  many  years  in  Florence.  He  was  the 
author  of  Why  and  What  Am  I?  Art 
Studies;  History  of  the  Sandwich  Islands; 
Scenes  and  Scenery  in  the  Sandwich  Isl 
ands;  Parisian  Sights  and  French  Prin 
ciples;  Italian  Sights  and  Papal  Princi 
ples;  Kiana,  a  Tradition  of  Hawaii;  A 
Glimpse  at  the  Art  of  Japan;  Art  Hints; 
The  Art  Idea;  Art  Thoughts;  Italian  Ram 
bles;  and  Pepero,  the  Boy  Artist.  He 
died  in  1888. 

JARVIS.  JOHN  WESLEY,  artist,  was 
born  in  1780  in  England.  He  became  pop 
ular,  and  his  portraits,  which  were  ex 
ecuted  chiefly  in  New  York  and  the  south 
ern  cities,  were  numerous  and  often  ef 
fective.  His  works  include  likenesses  of 
Com.  Isaac  Hull,  Com.  William  Bain- 
bridge,  Com.  Thomas  McDonough,  Gov.  De 
Witt  Clinton.  John  Randolph,  Bishop  Ben 
jamin  Moore,  and  Fitz-Greene  Halleck. 
He  died  in  1840  in  New  York  city. 

JARVIS,  LEONARD,  public  official, 
congressman,  was  born  io  1782.  He  was 
sheriff  of  Hancock  county  from  1821  to 
1829,  and  collector  of  customs  for  the 
Penobscot  district  from  1829  to  1831.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine  from  1831  to  1837,  and  from  1838  to 
1841  held  the  office  of  navy  agent  for  the 
port  of  Boston.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1854,  in 
Surrey,  Maine. 

JARVIS,  SAMUEL  FARMAR,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1786,  in 
Middletown,  Conn.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman  of  Connecticut,  and  the  author 
of  Sermons  on  Prophecy;  No  Union  with 
Rome;  Chronological  Introduction  to  the 
History  of  the  Church;  and  the  Religion  of 
the  Indian  Tribes  of  North  America.  He 
died  March  26,  1851,  in  Middletown,  Conn. 

JARVIS,  THOMAS  JORDAN,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Jan. 
18,  1836,  in  Jarvisburg,  N.  C.  He  en 
tered  the  confederate  army  as  a  pri 
vate,  in  1861  was  made  a  first  lieutenant, 
and  in  1863  was  promoted  captain.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  legis 
lature  of  North  Carolina;  was  re-elected  to 
the  legislature  in  1870,  and  was  made 
speaker  of  the  house.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  North  Car 
olina;  and  in  1879  became  governor  by 
the  election  of  Governor  Vance  a  United 
States  senator,  and  in  1880  was  elected 
governor. 


HERRINOSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


527 


JAY,  JAMES,  physician,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1732,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  physician  of  New  York  city  who 
was  knighted  by  George  III.,  and  who 
published  Reflections  and  Observations  on 
Gout.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1815,  in  Spring 
field,  N.  J. 

JAY,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer,  statesman, 
was  born  Dec.  12,  1745,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1774  to 
1777,  and  from  1778 
to  1779.  In  1776  he 
was  recalled  from 
congress  to  aid  in 
forming  the  govern 
ment  of  New  York, 
and  for  that  reason 
was  not  present  to 
sign  the  declaration 
o  f  independence. 
From  1777  to  1779 
he  was  chief  justice 
of  the  state,  but  re 
signed  to  fill  the  post  of  president  of  con 
gress.  He  was  appointed  secretary  of 
state.  Though  not  a  member  he  aided  at 
the  convention  which  framed  the  federal 
constitution.  In  1789  he  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States,  which  position  he  resigned 
in  1794  to  accept  the  mission  to  England, 
when  he  negotiated  the  treaty  which  bears 
his  name.  He  was  governor  of  New  York 
from  1795  to  1801,  after  which  he  retired 
to  private  life.  His  Correspondence  and 
State  Papers  were  published  in  1893.  He 
died  May  17,  1829,  in  Bedford,  N.  Y. 

JAY,  JOHN,  lawyer,  author,  was  born 
June  23,  1817,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
for  many  years  a  manager  and  corre- 
.  spending  secretary 

of  the  New  York 
Historical  society. 
He  was  the  author  of 
Dignity  of  the  Aboli 
tion  Cause;  Caste 
and  Slavery  in  the 
American  Church; 
and  America  Free  or 
America  Slave.  He 
was  a  successful 
lawyer;  and  an  ac 
tive  member  of  the 
American  Geograph 
ical  and  statistical  society.  He  died  in 
1894. 

JAY,  JOHN  CLARKSON,  physician, 
born  Sept.  1.  1808,  in  New  York  city.  In 
addition  to  his  practice  of  medicine  he 
made  a  specialty  of  conchology,  and  ac 
quired  the  most  complete  and  valuable 
collection  of  shells  in  the  United  States. 

JAY,  PETER  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  24, 
1776,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  In  1816  he 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly,  being 
active  in  promoting  legislation  for  the 
building  of  the  Erie  canal.  He  held  the 
office  of  recorder  of  New  York  city  in 
1819-21,  and  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  constitutional  convention  in  1821. 
He  died  Feb.  20,  1843,  in  New  York  city. 

JAY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  philan 
thropist,  author,  was  born  June  16,  1789, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  son  of  Chief 
Justice  Jay,  and  from  early  life  exerted 
himself  in  behalf  of  social  and  religious 
reforms.  He  was  for  several  years  presi 
dent  of  the  American  Peace  society,  and 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  American  Bible 
society.  He  was  the  author  of  Life  of 
John  Jay,  War  and  Peace;  and  Causes 
and  Consequences  of  the  Mexican  War. 
He  died  Oct.  14,  1858,  in  Bedford,  N.  Y. 

JAYNE,  DAVID,  manufacturer,  was 
born  July  12,  1799,  in  Bushkill,  Pa.  He 
began,  in  1848,  the  erection  of  a  large 
granite  and  marble  laboratory  and  sales- 


room  on  Chestnut  street,  Philadelphia, 
with  a  frontage  of  forty-two  feet  and 
height  of  thirteen  stories,  and,  in  that 
impressive  structure,  after  1850,  carried 
on  a  continually  expanding  manufacture 
of  medicines  until  the  end  of  his  days. 
He  died  March  5,  1866,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

JAYNE,  HORACE,  scientist,  author, 
was  born  March  5,  1859,  in  Philadelphia. 
He  was  chosen  lecturer  in  biology  in  the 
university  of  Pennsylvania,  and  subse 
quently  professor  of  vertebrate  morphol 
ogy  in  the  same  institution,  which  place 
he  now  holds.  He  has  written  A  Re 
vision  of  the  Dermestidae  of  North  Amer 
ica;  Abnormities  Observed  in  North 
American  Coleoptera;  and  Origin  of  the 
Fittest. 

JAYNE,  WILLIAM,  physician,  state 
senator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Oct.  8,  1826,  in  Springfield,  111.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1860  and 
1861,  and  during  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  Dakota  territory.  In 
1862  he  was  elected  a  delegate  from  Da 
kota  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

JEAN,  CHARLES  FLETCHER,  mer 
chant,  was  born  July  16,  1856,  in  Terre 
Haute,  Ind.  He  commenced  life  as  a 
bell-boy  in  the  Terre  Haute  hotel.  He 
has  built  up  a  large  wholesale  produce 
house,  and  attained  prominence  as  a  suc 
cessful  merchant.  In  1896  he  received  the 
nomination  for  mayor  of  Evansville,  and 
has  filled  various  positions  of  honor  in 
his  county  and  state. 

JEANS,  JACOB,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  4,  1800,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  professor  of  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  the  Homeopathic  college  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  was  the  author  of  a  volume  en 
titled  Practice  of  Medicine.  He  died  Dec. 
17,  1877. 

JEFFERS,  WILLIAM  NICHOLSON, 
naval  officer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1824, 
in  Gloucester  county,  N.  J.  He  was  a 
United  States  naval  officer  who  became  a 
commodore  in  1878,  and  was  the  author  of 
Short  Methods  in  Navigation;  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Naval  Gunnery;  Inspection 
and  Proof  of  Cannon;  and  Ordnance  In 
struction  for  the  United  States  Navy.  He 
died  July  23,  1883,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
JEFFERSON,  JOSEPH,  actor,  was  born 
in  1804  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  From  1835 
till  1837  Jefferson  was  connected  with  the 
Franklin  and  Niblo's  garden  theaters  in 
New  York  city.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1842, 
in  Mobile,  Ala. 

JEFFERSON,  JOSEPH,  actor,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  20,  1829,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  has  won  his  reputation  by  his 
remarkable  perform 
ance  of  the  part  of 
Rip  Van  Winkle  in 
the  play  of  that 
name  written  by 
Dion  Boucicault 
from  Washington 
Irving's  romance.  He 
has  changed  the  play 
to  suit  his  personifi 
cation,  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  an  entertain 
ing  Autobiography: 
and  was  a  constant 
contributor  to  current  literature. 

JEFFERSON,  MARTHA  WAYLES.was 
born  Oct.  19,  1748,  in  Charles  City  county, 
Va.  She  married  Thomas  Jefferson  in 
1772.  He  retained  a  romantic  devotion 
for  her  throughout  his  life,  and  because 
of  her  failing  health  refused  foreign  ap 
pointments  in  1776,  and  again  in  1781, 
having  promised  that  he  would  accept  no 
public  office  that  would  involve  their  sep 
aration.  She  died  Sept.  6,  1782,  in  Monti- 
cello,  Va. 


JEFFERSON,  THOMAS,  third  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  April 
13,  1743,  in  Shadwell,  Albemarle  county, 
Va.  He  was  educat 
ed  at  William  and 
Mary  college,  Virgin 
ia,  and  graduated  in 
1762.  After  leaving 
college  he  studied 
law,  and  in  1769  he 
was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of 
burgesses  of  Vir 
ginia.  In  1772  he 
was  married  to  Mrs. 
Martha  Skelton,  a 
wealthy  widow, 
twenty-three  years  of  age.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  in 
1775,  and  in  1776  he  was  chosen  chairman 
of  the  committee  which  drafted  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  that  glorious  instrument,  which 
was  the  foundation  of  American  liberty. 
He  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Virginia 
assembly  during  the  summer  of  1776,  and 
resigned  his  seat  in  congress.  He  contin 
ued  in  the  assembly  in  1777  and  1778.  In 
June,  1779,  Jefferson  succeeded  Patrick 
Henry  as  governor  of  Virginia,  and  held 
the  office  two  years.  He  was  elected  to 
congress  in  1783,  and  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  to  whom  the  treaty  of 
peace  with  England  was  referred.  In 
May,  1784,  he  was  appointed  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  Europe,  to  assist 
Adams  and  Franklin  in  negotiating  trea 
ties  of  commerce.  In  1785  congress  ap 
pointed  him  minister  plenipotentiary  to 
France,  and  he  remained  there  until  1789. 
On  his  return  home  Washington  offered 
him  a  seat  in  his  cabinet,  as  secretary  of 
state,  which  he  accepted  and  held  until 
Dec.  31,  1793.  In  1796  Jefferson  was  elect 
ed  vice-president  of  the  United  States,  and 
took  his  seat  March  4,  1797.  On  the  17th 
of  February,  1801,  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  by  the  house  of  representatives,  the 
electors  having  failed  to  make  a  choice, 
and  took  the  oath  of  office  March  4,  1801, 
at  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1804  he  was  re- 
elected,  and  took  the  oath  of  office  March 
4,  1805.  After  completing  his  second  term 
he  retired  to  Monticello,  where,  in  the 
language  of  Daniel  Webster,  he  lived  as 
became  a  wise  man,  and  died  July  4,  1826. 
Jefferson  held  office  about  thirty  years. 
He  died  so  poor  that,  if  congress  had  not 
given  $20,000  for  his  library,  he  would 
have  been  bankrupt.  His  literary  monu 
ment  is  the  world-famous  Declaration  of 
Independence.  Other  writings  of  his  are, 
Notes  on  Virginia;  Rights  of  British 
America;  and  Manual  of  Parliamentary 
Practice.  A  ten-volume  edition  of  his 
works  was  published  in  1892. 

JEFFERY,  EDWARD  TURNER,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  April  6,  1843,  in 
Liverpool,  England.  Since  1895  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Rio  Grande  South 
ern  railroad,  and  he  has  also  been  presi 
dent  of  various  other  roads. 

JEFFORDS,  ELZA,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  23,  1826,  in  Iron- 
ton,  Ohio.  He  settled  in  Mississippi  in 
1864;  and  was  judge  of  the  high  court  of 
errors  and  appeals  of  the  state  in  1868 
and  1869.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Mississippi  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

JEFFREY,  MRS.  ROSA  VERTNER 
(GRIFFITH)  (JOHNSON),  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1828  in  Natchez,  Miss.  She 
was  a  verse-writer  of  Lexington,  Ky., 
and  the  author  of  Poems  by  Rosa;  Flor 
ence  Vale;  The  Crimson  Hand,  and  Other 
Poems;  Marah,  a  novel;  and  Woodburn,  a 
novel.  She  died  in  1894. 


528 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


JEFFRIES,  BENJAMIN  JOY,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  March  26,  1833,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  prominent  physi 
cian  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  Color 
Blindness — its  Dangers  and  its  Detection; 
The  Eye  in  Health  and  Disease;  and  Dis 
eases  of  the  Skin. 

JEFFRIES,  NOAH  L.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
public  official,  was  born  in  1828  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  entered  the  union  army  and 
served  during  the  rebellion.  He  was  as 
sistant  provost  marshal  general  of  the 
United  States  during  1864  and  1865,  and 
was  register  of  the  United  States  treasury 
from  1867  to  1869. 

JEFFRIS,  WILLIAM  SEWARD,  edu 
cator,  financier,  was  born  March  14,  1857, 
in  Janesville,  Wis.  During  1883-95  he 
was  cashier  of  the  Merchants'  and  Me 
chanics'  Savings  bank  of  Janesville,  Wis., 
and  since  1895  has  been  president  of  that 
institution. 

JEMISON,  ROBERT,  financier,  state 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1802,  in  Lin 
coln  county,  Ga.  He  was  president  of  the 
Alabama  state  senate  in  1863,  and  soon  af 
terward  entered  the  confederate  senate, 
though  he  had  opposed  secession  in  1861. 
He  died  Oct.  16,  1871,  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 

JENCKES,  JOSEPH,  inventor,  was  born 
in  1602  in  England.  In  1646  he  secured 
a  patent  for  fourteen  years  on  an  im 
proved  water-wheel,  also  a  newly  invented 
sawmill.  In  1647  he  purchased  a  privilege 
at  the  iron-works  to  build  a  forge  where 
he  might  manufacture  scythes  and  other 
edged  tools.  In  1652  a  mint  was  estab 
lished  in  Boston  for  coining  silver.  He 
died  March  16,  1683,  in  Lynn,  Mass. 

JENCKES,  JOSEPH,  governor,  was 
born  in  1656  in  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  assembly  from  1700  till 
1708,  deputy-governor  from  1715  till  1727, 
and  governor  in  1727-32.  He  died  June 
15,  1740. 

JENCKES,  THOMAS  ALLEN,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1818  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  was  a  representative 
from  Rhode  Island  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
ninth,  fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses 
as  a  republican.  He  died  Nov.  4,  1875,  in 
Cumberland,  R.  I. 

JENCKES,  THOMAS  ALLEN,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1856,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  of  Cumberland,  R.  I.,  and  since  1896 
has  been  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 

JENIFER,  DANIEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1723  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  Maryland  to  the  continental 
congress  from  1778  to  1782,  and  was  also 
a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed 
the  federal  constitution,  and  signed  that 
instrument.  He  died  Nov.  6,  1790,  in 
Maryland. 

JENIFER,  DANIEL,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  April  15,  1791,  in 
Charles  county,  Md.  He  was  frequently  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  of  Mary 
land  represented  that  state  in  congress 
from  1831  to  1833,  and  from  1835  to  1841. 

JENISON,  SILAS  H.,  governor,  was 
born  in  1791  in  Shoreham,  Vt.  He  was 
lieutenant-governor  in  1835,  and  was  gov 
ernor  of  Vermont  from  1835  to  1841.  He 
died  Sept.  30,  1849,  in  Shoreham,  Vt. 

JENKINS,  ALBERT  GALLATIN,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1830, 
in  Cabell  county,  Va.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Virginia  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  He  subsequently  served  as 
a  brigadier-general  In  the  confederate  ser 
vice  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness.  He  died  May  7,  1864,  in  Dub 
lin,  Va. 


JENKINS,  ANNA  ALMY,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1790,  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  She  was  a  noted  benefactor  of  her 
time,  and  died  Nov.  20,  1849,  in  her  native 
city. 

JENKINS,  ANDREW  J.,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1839,  in  Prompton, 
Pa.  He  served  through  the  war  as  chap 
lain  in  the  second  regiment,  New  York 
cavalry.  For  many  years  he  was  engaged 
in  educational  work,  and  is  now  the  editor 
and  owner  of  The  Press  of  Otay,  Cal. 

JENKINS,  CHARLES  JONES,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Jan.  6,  1805,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  served 
several  terms  as  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  four  terms  as  speaker 
of  the  house,  and  in  1831  was  elected  at 
torney-general  of  the  state.  He  was  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  south 
ern  confederacy,  and  <n  1865  was  elected 
governor  of  Georgia  for  the  term  of  two 
years.  He  died  June  14,  1883,  in  Somer- 
ville,  Ga. 

JENKINS,  ELLEN  J.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Mem 
ories. 

JENKINS,  GEORGE  EDMUND,  mer 
chant,  state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  23, 
1847,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  merchant  of  Fairbury,  Neb.;  has 
been  president  of  the  board  of  trade,  and 
president  of  the  National  Guard  associa 
tion  of  the  state.  In  1897  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Nebraska  state  legis 
lature. 

JENKINS,  JOHN,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1751,  in  New 
London,  Conn.  He  came  to  Wyoming 
with  his  father  in  1769,  and  became  an 
active  participant  in  the  Pennamite  war 
and  the  revolution,  in  which  he  was  a 
lieutenant.  He  was  subsequently  elected 
major  and  colonel  of  militia,  sheriff  and 
member  of  assembly.  He  died  March  19, 
1827,  in  Wyoming,  Pa. 

JENKINS,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1843,  in  Wey- 
mouth,  England.  He  was  city  attorney 
of  Chippewa  Falls,  Wis.;  a  member  of  the 
assembly  from  Chippewa  county;  county 
judge  of  Chippewa  county,  and  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  attorney  of  the  ter 
ritory  of  Wyoming  by  President  Grant  In 
1876.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

JENKINS,  JOHN  STILWELL,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1818, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  and 
journalist  of  Weedsport,  N.  Y.,  and  the 
author  of  The  Heroines  of  History;  Lives 
of  the  Governors  of  New  York;  Lives  of 
Jackson,  Polk  and  Calhoun;  Political  His 
tory  of  New  York;  History  of  the  Mexi 
can  War;  Generals  of  the  Last  War  with 
Great  Britain;  and  Life  of  Silas  Wright. 
He  died  Sept.  20,  1852,  in  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 

JENKINS,  JOHN  W.,  educator,  was 
born  May  14,  1847,  in  St.  Omer,  Ind.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  served  three  years 
gallantly  in  company  A,  one  hundred  and 
twenty-third  regiment  Indiana  volunteer 
infantry,  and  was  all  through  the  Atlanta 
campaign.  He  has  attained  success  as  an 
educator;  has  taught  twenty  years,  and 
is  now  county  superintendent  of  schools 
at  St.  Paul,  Ind.,  which  position  he  has 
filled  for  three  terms. 

JENKINS,  LEMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1823  to  1825. 

JENKINS,  MICAH,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1836  in  Edisto  Island,  S.  C.  He  was 
elected  colonel  of  the  fifth  South  Carolina 
regiment  at  the  opening  of  the  civil  war, 
and  was  promoted  to  brigadier-general. 
He  died  May  6,  1864,  in  Wilderness,  Va. 


JENKINS,  ROBERT,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1807  to  1811. 

JENKINS,  THORNTON  ALEXANDER, 
naval  officer,  was  botn  Dec.  11,  1811,  in 
Orange  county,  Va.  He  entered  the  navy 
in  1828;  was  a  commodore  in  1866,  and 
rear  admiral  in  1870. 

JENKINS,  TIMOTHY,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1799,  in  Barre, 
Mass.  He  was  district  attorney  for  Oneida 
county,  N.  Y.,  six  years,  and  resigned  the 
office  on  being  elected  a  representative  in 
the  twenty-ninth  congress.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirtieth  and  thirty-second 
congresses.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1859,  in 
Martinsburg,  N.  Y. 

JENKINS,  WILL  D.,  journalist,  secre 
tary  of  state,  was  born  Aprtl  21,  1852,  in 
Pekin,  111.  During  1872-82  he  edited  and 
published  the  Smith 
County  Pioneer  of 
Kansas;  in  1882  he 
was  city  editor  of 
the  Seattle  Chroni 
cle,  and  in  1883  es 
tablished  the  What- 
com  Reveille.  In  1887 
and  1888  he  was 
mayor  of  Whatcom, 
and  after  the  con 
solidation  of  Sehome 
and  Whatcom,  he 
was  elected  mayor  of 
New  Whatcom.  Since  1892  he  has  con 
ducted  The  Champion,  a  populist  paper  of 
Whatcom.  He  has  filled  numerous  offices 
of  public  trust;  and  in  1897  entered  upon 
a  four  years'  term  as  secretary  of  state 
of  Washington. 

JENKS,  EDWARD  AUGUSTUS,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1830,  in 
Newport,  N.  H.  His  life  has  been  princi 
pally  devoted  to 
journalistic  work. 
During  the  rebellion 
he  was  officially  con 
nected  with  the  gov 
ernment  shipyard  of 
Cincinnati,  and  re 
sided  in  Vicksburg 
during  1866-70.  In 
1871  he  was  placed  at 
the  head  of  the  re 
publican  press  asso 
ciation  at  Concord, 
retiring  from  that 
po.-ition  in  1892.  For  four  years  he  was 
reporter  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  Hampshire,  and  in  1893 
was  in  Chicago  as  resident  secretary  of 
the  New  Hampshire  world's  fair  commis 
sion.  He  has  done  much  critical  and  liter 
ary  work,  and  poems  of  his  may  be  found 
in  numerous  magazines  and  standard  col 
lections. 

JENKS,  EDWARD  WATROUS,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  March  31,  1833, 
in  Victor,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  phy 
sician  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  and  has  invented 
obstetrical  forceps  and  other  surgical  in 
struments  for  use  in  gynecology.  He  was 
the  author  of  American  System  of  Prlac- 
tical  Medicine;  and  American  System  of 
Gynecology. 

JENKS,  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer, 
member  of  congress,  was  born  March  26, 
1836,  in  Jefferson  county,  Pa.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Jefferson  col 
lege,  and  has  attained  prominence  as  a 
successful  lawyer  of  Brookville,  Pa.  He 
has  been  assistant  secretary  of  the  in 
terior;  solicitor-general  of  the  United 
States,  and  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  forty-fourth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


529 


JENKS,  HENRY  FITCH,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1842,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  Since  1867  he  has  been  a  clergy 
man  of  the  Unitarian  church,  and  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  Canton,  Mass.  He  is 
a  member  of  numerous  historical  and 
literary  societies,  and  the  author  of  sev 
eral  historical  works. 

JENKS,  JEREMIAH  WHIPPLE,  'edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1856  in 
St.  Clair,  Mich.  Since  1891  he  has  filled 
the  chair  of  political  science  in  the  Cor 
nell  university  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  is 
the  author  of  Road  Legislation  for  the 
American  State,  and  other  works  on  poli 
tics,  trust  and  monetary  subjects. 

JENKS,  JOHN  WHIPPLE  POTTER, 
naturalist,  author,  was  born  May  1,  1819, 
in  West  Boylston,  Mass.  He  was  a  natu 
ralist  who  was  director  of  the  museum  of 
natural  history  at  Brown  university  in 
1872-94,  and  professor  of  agriculture  and 
zoology  there,  in  1875-94.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Hunting  in  Florida;  and  Jenks 
and  Steele's  Zoology.  He  died  in  1894. 

JENKS,  JOSEPH,  governor,  was  born 
in  1656  in  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  He  was  dep 
uty  governor  of  Rhode  Island  and  was 
governor  from  1727  to  1732.  He  died  June 
15,  1740. 

JENKS,  JOSEPH  WILLIAM,  educator, 
was  born  Nov.  23,  1808,  in  Bath,  Maine. 
He  was  chaplain  and  professor  of  math 
ematics  in  the  United  States  navy,  serv 
ing  on  the  Concord  under  Commodore 
Perry.  He  spent  seven  years  aiding  his 
father  in  the  preparation  of  the  Compre 
hensive  Commentary  on  the  Bible.  In 
1852  became  professor  of  languages  in 
Urbana  university,  Ohio.  He  afterward 
established  the  first  agricultural  paper 
in  Illinois.  He  died  June  7,  1884,  in  New- 
tonville,  Mass. 

JENKS,  MICHAEL  H..  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1843  to  1845. 

JENKS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  25,  1778,  in  Newton,  Mass. 
He  was  a  once  prominent  congregational 
clergyman  of  Boston  who  founded  the 
American  Oriental  society,  and  was  the 
author  of  Commentary  on  the  Bible,  long 
a  popular  work;  and  Bible  Atlas  and 
Scripture  Gazetteer.  He  died  Nov.  13, 
1866,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

JENNESS,  BENNING  WENTWORTH, 
lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  July  14,  1806,  in  Deerfield,  N.  H. 
He  was  judge  of  probate  in  Strafford 
county,  N.  H.,  from  1841  to  1845,  and 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  New 
Hampshire  during  the  years  1845  and 
1846.  He  died  Nov.  16,  1879,  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

JENNESS,  JOHN  SCRIBNER,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1827  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  The  Isles  of  Shoals, 
an  Historical  Sketch;  and  the  First  Plant 
ing  of  New  Hampshire.  He  edited  Trans 
cripts  of  Original  Documents  Relating  to 
the  Early  History  of  New  Hampshire. 
He  died  in  1879. 

JENNESS,  LYNDON  Y.,  soldier,  bank 
er,  was  born  June  17,  1843,  in  Medina, 
Mass.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  from 
musician  to  lieutenant  in  the  thirty-sec 
ond  Massachusetts  volunteer  infantry. 
He  is  president  of  the  State  bank,  Cham 
ber  of  Commerce,  Florida  Palmetto  Fiber 
works,  and  state  commander  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  residing  in  Pai1- 
kesburg,  Fla. 

JENNESS,     RICHARD     H.,     journalist, 

legislator,    was    born    June    25,    1857,    in 

Lindenwood,   111.     He   is   the   editor  anil 

owner  of  the  Graphic  of  Atkinson,  Neb., 

34 


and  served  as  a  member  of  the  twenty- 
fourth  session  of  the  Nebraska  legislature 
from  Omaha. 

JENNINGS,  DAVID,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Hunterdon  county,  N.  J.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ohio 
from  1825  to  1826. 

JENNINGS,  FRANCIS,  hymnologist 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1808,  in  England.  He 
has  become  one  of  the  most  thorough 
hymnologists  in  America.  In  1871  the 
Baptist  Hymn  Book  was  published,  and  he 
prepared  for  it  a  biographical  index,  giv 
ing  the  names,  dates  of  birth,  and  death 
of  the  authors  and  their  birthplaces,  and 
also  the  time  when  the  hymns  were  first 
printed. 

JENNINGS,  JAMES  S.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  in  Greene  county,  Ohio.  He 
was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Monitor, 
of  Marion,  Intl.,  and  has  been  in  the  news 
paper  publishing  business  ever  since.  As 
an  author  and  poet  he  has  been  very  suc 
cessful,  and  now  resides  in  Wichita,  Kan. 

JENNINGS,  JONATHAN,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  in  Hunterdon  county, 
N.  J.  He  was  the  first  governor  in  Indi 
ana.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1809  to 
1816,  and  from  1822  to  1831.  In  1818  he 
was  appointed  Indian  commissioner.  He 
died  July  26,  1834,  near  Charlestown,  Ind. 

JENNINGS,  ROBERT  W.,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  March  18,  1838,  in  Edge- 
field,  S.  C.  In  1884  he  established  the 
Jennings  Business  college  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  and  is  its  president. 

JENNINGS,  SAMUEL,  Quaker  preacher, 
was  born  in  England.  He  took  up  his 
residence  in  Philadelphia,  where,  in  1690- 
93,  he  was  justice  of  tne  quorum  and  judge 
of  the  county  court.  He  died  in  1708  in 
Burlington,  N.  J. 

JENNINGS,  SAMUEL  KENNEDY, 
preacher,  was  born  June  6,  1771,  in  Essex 
county,  N.  J.  He  moved  to  Baltimore  in 
1817;  was  one  of  the  prime  movers  in  the 
introduction  of  lay  representation  in  the 
conferences  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church,  and  finally  was  expelled  from  this 
connection  and  organized  a  new  body 
known  as  the  methodist  protestant  church. 
He  was  distinguished  as  a  pulpit  orator 
and  evangelist.  He  died  Oct.  19,  1854,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

JENNINGS,  THOMAS  REED,  physi 
cian,  educator,  state  senator,  was  born 
in  1805  in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  In  1838 
he  opened  dissecting-rooms  in  Nashville, 
and  was  the  first  teacher  of  anatomy  in 
the  state.  He  served  in  the  state  senate, 
declined  a  nomination  to  congress,  in  1854 
became  professor  of  the  institutes  of 
medicine  and  of  clinical  medicine  in  the 
university  of  Nashville,  and  in  1856  filled 
the  chair  of  anatomy.  He  died  July  7, 
1874,  in  Narragansett,  R.  I. 

JENNINGS,  WILLIAM  SHERMAN, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  March 
24,  1863,  near  Salem,  111.  His  father's  sis 
ter  is  the  mother  of  William  Jennings 
Bryan,  the  democratic  candidate  for  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  in  1896.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  county  schools;  attended  the  South 
ern  Illinois  Normal  university  of  Car- 
bondale,  and  graduated  from  the  Union 
college  of  Law  of  Chicago,  111.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  south  at 
Brooksville,  Fla.  He  has  been  circuit 
court  commissioner;  county  judge;  alder 
man  and  president  of  the  council  of  his 
adopted  city.  In  1893-95  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Florida 
state  legislature,  and  was  speaker  of  the 
house  of  representatives  in  the  session  of 
1895.  In  1896  he  was  a  presidential  elect 
or,  and  in  1897  the  electoral  messenger 
from  Florida. 


JENNISON,  LUCY  WHITE,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1850  in  Massachusetts. 
She  is  a  verse-writer  who  has  lived  mainly 
in  Europe,  and  is  the  author  of  Love 
Poems  and  Sonnets. 

JENNISON,  SAMUEL,  antiquary,  was 
born  Feb.  24,  1788,  in  Brookfield,  Mass. 
He  was  for  many  years  connected  with  the 
American  Antiquarian  society  as  librarian 
and  corresponding  secretary.  He  died 
March  1,  1860,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

JEROME,  DAVID  HOWELL,  merchant, 
governor,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1829,  in  De 
troit,  Mich.  He  was  a  merchant  of  Sag- 
inaw,  Mich.,  and  was  a  state  senator  from 
1862  to  1868.  In  1865  and  1866  he  was  mil 
itary  aid  to  the  governor;  was  president 
of  the  state  military  board  from  1865  to 
1873;  and  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  com 
mission.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  United  States  Indian 
commissioners,  and  was  governor  of  Mich 
igan  from  1881  to  1883. 

JEROME,  IRENE  ELIZABETH,  artist, 
was  born  June  9,  1858,  in  Ellicottville,  N. 
Y.  In  1882  she  exhibited  eighteen  sketches 
of  Colorado  scenery,  which  were  received 
with  much  favor.  She  also  illustrated  and 
arranged  One  Year's  Sketch-Book;  The 
Message  of  the  Blue-Bird;  Nature's  Hal 
lelujah;  and  A  Bunch  of  Violets. 

JERVEY,     MRS.     CAROLINE       H 

(GILMAN)  (GLOVER),  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1823  in  South  Carolina.  She  was 
a  writer  of  fiction  and  occasional  verse, 
and  the  author  of  Vernon  Grove;  and 
Helen  Courtenay's  Promise.  She  died  in 
1877. 

JERVIS,  JOHN  BLOOMFiELD,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1795,  in 
Huntington,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  civil  engi 
neer  of  New  York,  who  designed  many  im 
portant  works,  such  as  the  Croton  Dam 
and  High  Bridge.  He  was  the  author  of 
Railway  Property;  and  Labor  and  Capital. 
He  died  Jan.  12,  1885,  in  Rome,  N.  Y. 

JESSUP,  HENRY  HARRIS,  missionary, 
author,  was  born  April  19,  1832,  in  Mon- 
trose,  Pa.  He  has  been  a  presbyterian 
missionary  in  Syria  since  1856,  and  is  the 
author  of  The  Women  of  the  Arabs;  The 
Cnildren  of  the  East;  The  Greek  Church 
and  Protestant  Missions;  and  Syrian 
Home  Life. 

JESSUP,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  June  21,  1797,  in  Southampton,  N.  Y. 
From  1838  till  1851  he  was  presiding  judge 
of  the  eleventh  judicial  district  of  Penn 
sylvania.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1868,  in  Mon- 
trose,  Pa. 

JESUP,  MORRIS  KETCHUM,  banker, 
was  born  June  21,  1830,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
He  was  president  of  the  Five  Points  House 
of  Industry  in  1870,  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  association  in  1871-75,  and  later 
became  vice-president  of  the  city  mission 
and  manager  of  the  presbyterian  hospital. 
For  several  years  he  has  also  been  presi 
dent  of  the  New  York  museum  of  natural 
history. 

JESUP,  THOMAS  S.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1778  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  brave  and 
useful  officer  during  the  war  of  1812,  and 
was  retained  in  the  army.  He  was  bre- 
vetted  major-general  in  1828,  and  was  suc 
ceeded  in  command  in  Florida  by  Col. 
Zachary  Taylor  in  1838.  He  died  June  10, 
I860,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

JETER,  JEREMIAH  BELL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  July  18,  1802,  in  Bedford 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman 
prominent  in  the  south  as  a  preacher 
and  controversialist,  and  the  author  of 
Campbellism  Examined;  Campbellism  Re- 
Examined;  The  Seal  of  Heaven;  The 
Christian  Mirror;  and  Recollections  of  a 
Long  Life.  He  died  Feb.  25,  1880,  in 
Richmond,  Va. 


530 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


JETER.  THOMAS  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  in  1825. 
He  served  several  terms  as  state  senator 
of  South  Carolina;  was  president  of  the 
senate  at  the  time  of  the  resignation  of 
Governor  Simpson,  in  1880,  and  by  virtue 
of  his  office,  became  governor  of  the  state. 
He  resigned  in  1880  to  accept  the  posi 
tion  of  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court;  and  in  1883  was  appointed  one  of 
the  railroad  commissioners  of  the  state. 
He  died  May  20,  1883. 

JETT,  THOMAS  M.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  1,  1862,  in  Bedford 
county,  111.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  of  the  coun 
ties  of  Bond  and 
Montgomery;  two 
years  at  the  North 
ern  Indiana  Normal 
school,  Valparaiso, 
Ind.;  taught  school 
for  three  terms,  read 
law  with  Judge  Phil 
lips  of  Hillsboro,  m., 
and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  May,  1887. 
He  was  elected 
state's  attorney  of 
Montgomery  county,  111.,  in  1889,  and 
served  two  terms,  covering  a  period  of 
about  eight  years.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

JEWELL,  HARRY  D.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  March  5,  1869,  in  Wheaton,  111. 
For  two  years  he  was  assistant  law  li 
brarian  of  his  alma  mater;  was  editor  of 
the  Michigan  Law  Journal,  and  in  3896 
was  elected  judge  of  probate  of  Kent 
county,  Mich. 

JEWELL,  JAMES  STEWART,  physi 
cian,  educator,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1837, 
in  Galena,  111.  He  was  professor  of  anat 
omy  in  Chicago  Medical  college  from  1864 
till  1869,  and  of  nervous  and  mental  dis 
eases  from  1872  till  his  death.  He  died 
April  19,  1887,  in  Chicago,  111. 

JEWELL,  MARSHALL,  governor, 
statesman,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1825,  in  Win 
chester,  N.  H.  He  was  governor  of  Con 
necticut  from  1868  to  1870;  was  appointed 
minister  plenipotentiary  to  Russia  in 
1873;  and  in  1874  was  appointed  postmas 
ter-general  in  the  cabinet  of  President 
Grant.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1883,  in  Hartford, 
Conn. 

JEWETT,  C.  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  Arkansas.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  that  territory.  After  it  became 
a  state  he  continued  on  the  bench  as 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court. 

JEWETT,  CHARLES  COFFIN,  biblio 
grapher,  author,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1816, 
in  Lebanon,  Maine.  He  was  a  biblio 
grapher  who  was  the  first  superintendent 
of  the  Boston  public  library;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Facts  and  Considerations  Rela 
tive  to  Duties  on  Books;  Notices  of 
Public  Libraries  in  the  United  States; 
and  Construction  of  Catalogues.  He  died 
Jan.  9,  1868,  in  Braintree,  Mass. 

JEWETT,  FREEBORN  G.,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1790  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  that 
state  in  1826  and  1827;  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1831  to  1833;  and 
from  1846  to  1856  was  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  New  York.  He  died 
Feb.  23,  1858. 

JEWETT,  GEORGE  BAKER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1818,  in  Leb 
anon,  Maine.  He  was  a  New  England  edu 
cator  whose  principal  works  were  Baptism 
Versus  Immersion;  and  Critique  on  the 
Greek  Text  of  the  New  Testament.  He 
died  June  9,  1886,  in  Salem,  Mass. 


JEWETT,  HUGH  J.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  about  1812,  in  Deer  Creek, 
Md.  He  studied  law  in  Cecil  county;  left 
Maryland  in  early 
manhood,  and  re 
moved  to  Ohio, 
where  he  practiced 
his  profession;  held 
no  public  position 
until  1872.  He  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-fourth  c  o  n- 
gress;  and  soon  re 
signed  to  accept  the 
position  of  president 
of  the  Erie  Railroad 
company,  which  position  he  still  fills. 

JEWETT,  ISAAC  APPLETON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1808,  in  Bur 
lington,  Vt.  He  was  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Cincinnati,  and  later  of  New  Orleans. 
He  was  the  author  of  Passages  in  Trav 
el;  and  The  Appleton  Memorial.  He 
died  Jan.  14,  1853,  in  Keene,  N.  H. 

JEWETT,  JOSHUA  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1812,  in  Deer 
Creek,  Md.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Kentucky  to  the  thirty-fourth 
and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 

JEWETT,  LUTHER,  clergyman,  physi 
cian,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1772, 
in  Canterbury,  Conn.  He  was  for  fifteen 
years  a  member  of  the  Vermont  legisla 
ture;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Vermont  from  1815  to  1817. 
He  died  March  8,  1860,  in  St.  Johnsbury, 
Vt. 

JEWETT,  MILO  PARKER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  27,  1808,  in  St. 
Johnsbury,  Vt.  He  was  an  educator  who 
was  the  first  president  of  Vassar  college, 
and  the  author  of  Baptism;  and  The  Re 
lation  of  Boards  of  Health  and  Intemper 
ance.  He  died  June  9,  1882,  in  Milwau 
kee,  Wis. 

JEWETT,  SARAH  ORNE,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1849,  in  South  Berwick, 
Maine.  She  is  a  popular  writer  of 
Maine.  She  is  the  noted  author  of  Old 
Friends  and  New;  Play-Days;  Country 
By-Ways;  Deephaven;  The  Mate  of  the 
Daylight,  and  Friends  Ashore;  A  Country 
Doctor;  A  Marsh  Island;  A  White  Heron, 
and  Other  Stories;  The  Story  of  the  Nor 
mans,  an  historical  work;  The  King  of 
Folly  Island,  and  Other  People;  Betty 
Leicester,  a  Story  for  Girls;  Strangers  and 
Wayfarers;  A  Native  of  Winby,  and  Oth 
er  Tales;  The  Life  of  Nancy;  and  The 
Country  of  the  Pointed  Firs. 

JEWETT,  SHERMAN  SKINNER,  foun- 
(Iryrnan,  banker,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1818, 
in  Moravia,  N.  Y.  He  decided  to  con- 

fine  his  attention  to 

the  production  of 
stoves  of  every  de 
scription,  a  line  of 
trade  then  in  its  in 
fancy.  The  business 
rapidly  increased 
until,  in  1854,  a 
branch  office  and 
warehouse  were 
^  opened  in  Chicago, 
branches  in  Detroit, 
Milwaukee,  Denver 
and  San  Francisco 

becoming  necessary  in  due  course  of  time. 
He  voted  in  1880  in  the  electoral  college 
for  James  A.  Garfleld  for  president  of  the 
United  States.  As  one  of  the  projectors 
of  the  elaborate  system  of  public  parks 
in  the  city  of  Buffalo  in  1868,  and  as  presi 
dent  of  the  park  commissioners  since 
1879,  he  displayed  his  appreciation  of  an 
enterprise  which  has  proved  a  general 
benefit. 


. 


JEWETT,  SUSAN  W.,  poet,  journal 
ist,  author.  In  1847  she  conducted  a 
juvenile  monthly  magazine,  called  the 
Youth's  Visitor.  She  was  the  author  of 
The  Old  Corner  Cupboard,  containing 
poems  and  prose  sketches  of  everyday 
life. 

JEWETT,  THEODORE  HERMAN,  phy 
sician,  was  born  March  24,  1815,  in  South 
Berwick,  Maine.  He  was  professor  of  ob 
stetrics  and  diseases  of  women  and  chil 
dren  in  the  medical  department  of  Bow- 
doin,  consulting  surgeon  to  the  Mairie 
general  hospital,  and  surgeon  of  the  first 
Maine  district  during  the  civil  war.  He 
died  Sept.  20,  1878,  in  Crawford  Notch, 
N.  H. 

JEWETT,  THOMAS  L.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  about  1810  in  Maryland. 
He  was  at  one  time  a  judge  in  a  state 
court,  but  became  interested  in  the  con 
struction  of  the  Pan-Handle  railroad,  and 
was  chosen  its  president.  He  died  in 
November,  1875,  in  New  York  city. 

JEWETT,  WILLIAM  ORRINGTON 
LUNT,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  Dec.  26,  1836,  in  Maine.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war  and  has  been  prosecut 
ing  attorney  of  Shelby  county,  Mo.,  for 
two  terms;  and  for  two  terms  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Missouri  state  legisla 
ture. 

JOCELYN,  GEORGE  BENIERS,  college 
president,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1824,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  In  1861  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Iowa  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  and  pastor  of  the  university 
chapel.  Later  he  was  pastor  of  Asbury 
chapel  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa,  whence  he 
was  called  to  the  presidency  of  Albion 
college,  which  position  he  occupied  until 
his  death.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1877,  in  Al 
bion  college. 

JOHN,  JOHN  PRICE  DURBIN,  educat 
or,  college  president,  lecturer,  was  born 
Nov.  25,  1843,  in  Brookville,  Ind.  He  has 
been  a  clergyman  in  the  Indiana  confer 
ence;  professor  of  mathematics,  and 
president  of  the  Brookville  college;  and 
professor  of  mathematics,  vice-president 
and  president  of  the  De  Pauw  univer 
sity  of  Greencastle,  Ind. 

JOHNES,  EDWARD  RODOLPH,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1852,  in 
Whitesboro,  N.  Y.  He  is  counsel  for  the 
American  Ornithological  union,  and  has 
aided  the  development  of  many  business 
enterprises.  He  is  the  author  of  a  book  of 
verse  entitled  Briefs  by  Barristers. 

JOHNS,  JOHN,  bishop,  college  presi 
dent,  author,  was  born  July  10,  1796,  in 
New  Castle,  Del.  He  was  elected  assistant 
bishop  of  Virginia  and  was  consecrated 
in  1842.  In  1862  he  became  the  successor 
of  Bishop  Meade.  He  was  also  president 
of  William  and  Mary  college  from  1849 
till  1854.  He  published  a  Memorial  of 
Bishop  Meade.  He  died  April  6,  1876,  in 
Fairfax  county,  Va. 

JOHNS,  KENSEY,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  June  14,  1759,  in  Maryland.  He  was 
appointed  associate  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Delaware.  In  1798,  on  the  death 
of  Mr.  Read,  he  succeeded  him  as  chief 
justice  of  Delaware,  retaining  the  office 
for  thirty  years.  He  died  Dec.  21,  1848, 
in  New  Castle,  Del. 

JOHNS,  KENSEY,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1791,  in  New 
Castle,  Del.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Delaware  from  1827  to 
1831;  and  in  1832  was  appointed  chancel 
lor  of  the  state  of  Delaware,  in  which  ca 
pacity  he  was  still  serving  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  died  March  28,  1857,  in 
New  Castle,  Del. 


HEHRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


531 


JOHNSON,  ALEXANDER  BRYAN, 
banker,  author,  was  born  May  29,  1786, 
in  England.  He  was  a  prominent  banker 
of  Utica  for  nearly  half  a  century;  and 
the  author  of  Treatise  on  Banking;  The 
Philosophy  of  Human  Knowledge;  Re 
ligion  in  Its  Relations  to  the  Present  Life; 
The  Physiology  of  the  Senses;  The  Mean 
ing  of  Words;  Nature  and  Value  of  Capi 
tal;  Encyclopaedia  of  Instruction;  and 
Guide  to  the  Right  Understanding  of  Our 
American  Union.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1867, 
in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

JOHNSON,  ALEXANDER  BYRON,  edu 
cator.  In  1875  he  was  president  of  the 
Ohio  Teachers'  association;  in  1881-83 
was  a  member  of  the  state  board  of  exam 
iners;  and  for  several  years  he  has  been 
a  lecturer  at  institutes  in  western  states. 

JOHNSON,  ALEXANDER  SMITH,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  July  30,  1817,  in 
Utica,  N.  Y.  In  1852  he  was  elected  to  the 
bench  of  the  court  of  appeals,  and  re 
moved  to  Albany,  serving  one  term.  He 
subsequently  returned  to  his  native  town; 
and  in  1873  was  appointed  a  commissioner 
of  appeals  to  fill  a  vacancy.  Before  the 
close  of  the  year  he  was  reappointed  a 
judge  of  the  court  of  appeals,  holding  the 
office  until  1874.  In  1875  he  was  appoint 
ed  United  States  judge  for  the  second  cir 
cuit  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  Jan.  26, 
1878. 

JOHNSON,  ALFRED,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  in  Newburyport, 
Mass.  He  became  a  noted  lawyer  of  New 
England;  was  a 
member  of  the  legi's- 
lature  before  the 
separation,  of  the 
convention  which 
framed  the  state  con 
stitution,  and  subse 
quently  of  the  leg 
islature.  In  1820 
he  was  made  judge 
of  probate,  and  so 
continued  for  eight 
een  years.  He  was 
an  overseer  and 
trustee  of  Bowdoin  college;  and  contrib 
uted  valuable  papers  to  current  litera 
ture.  He  died  in  1852. 

JOHNSON,  ALFRED  SIDNEY,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1860,  in 
Canada.  He  has  been  a  successful  edu 
cator;  and  is  now  the  editor  of  Current 
History,  a  valuable  magazine  published 
by  the  New  England  Publishing  com 
pany  of  Boston,  Mass. 

JOHNSON,  ANDREW,  seventeenth 
president  of  the  United  States,  was  born 
Dec.  29,  1808,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C.  At 
the  age  of  ten  years 
he  was  apprenticed 
to  a  tailor,  with 
whom  he  remained 
seven  years.  He 
never  attended 
school,  but  in  1827 
he  married  Miss 
Eliza  McCardle,  who 
taught  him  to  write 
and  cipher.  In  1826 
he  removed  to  Gran- 
ville,  Tenn.,  and  was 
elected  alderman  of 
that  village  in  1828-29.  In  1830  he  was 
elected  mayor,  and  held  the  office  three 
years.  In  1835  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature,  was  defeated  in  1837,  and  elect 
ed  again  in  1839.  In  1841  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate,  and  in  1843 
to  the  national  house  of  representatives, 
which  office  he  held,  by  successive  re- 
elections,  for  ten  years.  In  1853  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Tennessee,  and  re- 
elected  in  1855.  At  the  expiration  of  his 
gubernatorial  term,  in  1857,  he  was  elect 


ed  United  States  senator  by  the  Tennessee 
legislature.  In  1862  he  was  appointed 
military  governor  of  Tennessee.  He  was 
nominated  for  vice-president  at  the  Balti 
more  convention,  June  8,  1864.  Being  a 
successful  candidate,  he  took  the  oath  of 
office  March  4,  1865.  Upon  the  death  of 
President  Lincoln  he  became  president, 
and  took  the  oath  of  office  April  15,  1865. 
He  was  impeached  by  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  Feb.  24,  1868,  by  a  vote  of 
125  ayes  to  40  nays.  The  following  rep 
resentatives  were  chosen  as  managers,  on 
the  part  of  the  house,  to  conduct  the  bill 
of  impeachment  before  the  senate:  Messrs. 
John  A.  Bingham,  of  Ohio;  George  S. 
Boutwell,  of  Massachusetts;  Benjamin 
Franklin  Butler,  of  Massachusetts;  Thad- 
deus  Stevens,  of  Pennsylvania;  Thomas 
Williams,  of  Pennsylvania;  John  A. 
Logan,  of  Illinois,  and  James  F.  Wilson, 
of  Iowa.  The  counsel  for  the  president 
were  Messrs.  Benjamin  R.  Curtis,  of  Mas 
sachusetts;  William  M.  Evarts,  of  New 
York;  William  S.  Groesbeck,  of  Ohio; 
Thomas  A.  R.  Nelson,  of  Tennessee,  and 
Henry  Stanbery,  of  Ohio.  The  trial  was 
begun  March  30,  1868,  before  the  United 
States  senate,  sitting  as  a  court  of  im 
peachment,  presided  over  by  Chief  Justice 
Chase.  President  Johnson  was  acquitted 
by  the  senate  May  26,  by  a  vote  of  19  to 
35,  the  constitution  requiring  a  vote  of 
two-thirds  to  convict.  President  John 
son  and  Secretary  Stanton  quarreled  over 
reconstruction  questions,  and  on  Aug. 
5,  1867,  the  president  requested  him  to 
resign,  which  the  secretary  refused  to  do. 
He  gave  way,  under  protest,  Aug.  12,  to 
General  U.  S.  Grant  as  secretary  of  war 
ad  interim.  The  senate  reinstated  Secre 
tary  Stanton  Jan.  13,  1868.  On  Feb.  21, 
1868,  General  Lorenzo  Thomas  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  war  ad  interim,  but 
Secretary  Stanton  still  refused  to  vacate. 
Jphnson's  impeachment  followed,  and  on 
his  acquittal  Stanton  resigned.  On  the" 
4th  of  March,  1869,  he  retired  from  the 
presidency  to  his  home  in  Granville, 
Tenn.  In  1870  he  was  a  candidate  before 
the  Tennessee  legislature  for  United 
States  senator,  but  was  defeated  by  two 
votes.  In  1872  he  was  a  candidate  for 
representative  in  congress,  and  was  de 
feated.  In  1875  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate,  and  took  his  seal; 
March  4,  and  died  July  31,  1875.  John 
son  held  office  thirty-six  years.  He  was 
probably  worth  $50,000. 

JOHNSON,  ANDREW  WALLACE, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1826,  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  appointed 
midshipman  in  1841.  He  was  made  lieu 
tenant-commander  in  1862;  and  was  cap 
tain  in  1874.  He  died  June  14,  1887,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

JOHNSON,  ARTEMAS  NIXON,  publish 
er,  author,  was  born  June  22,  1817,  in 
Middlebury,  Vt.  His  publications  include 
Thorough  Base  Instruction-Book;  Choir 
Chorus  Book;  Handel  Collection  of 
Church  Music;  American  Choir;  Melo- 
deon,  Organ,  and  Harmony;  Alleghany 
Collection  of  Church  Music;  The  True 
Singing-School  Text-Book;  The  Standard 
Glee  Book;  New  Harmony  Book;  Parlor 
Organ  Instruction;  and  Natural  Art  of 
Singing. 

JOHNSON,  BARTON  W.,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1833  in  Illi 
nois.  He  was  a  Campbellite  minister  and 
educator  of  Iowa;  and  the  author  of  The 
Vision  of  the  Ages;  Commentary  on 
John;  The  People's  New  Testament;  and 
Young  Folks  in  Bible  Lands.  He  died  in 
1894. 

JOHNSON,  BENJAMIN,  jurist.  He  was 
an  early  emigrant  to  the  territory  of  Ar 


kansas;  and  in  1821  was  appointed  United 
States  judge  for  that  territory,  serving 
in  that  capacity  until  1833. 

JOHNSON,  BENJAMIN  PIERCE,  agri 
culturist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1793, 
in  Canaan,  N.  Y.  He  was  president  of  the 
State  Agricultural  society  in  1845,  and 
its  corresponding  secretary  from  1847  till 
1869.  He  wrote,  besides  reports,  essays, 
and  papers  on  agricultural  subjects,  The 
Dairy;  and  edited  The  New  York  Farm 
er;  The  Transactions  of  the  New  York 
Agricultural  Society;  and  Journal  of  the 
New  York  Agricultural  Society.  He  died 
April  12,  1869,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

JOHNSON,  BUSHROD  RUST,  soldier, 
educator,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1817,  in  Bel- 
mont  county,  Ohio.  He  became  professor 
and  subsequently  superintendent  of  the 
Western  Military  institute  of  Kentucky 
at  Georgetown.  He  entered  the  confeder 
ate  service  in  1861,  and  was  commissioned 
brigadier-general.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1880, 
in  Brighton,  111. 

JOHNSON,  CAVE,  lawyer,  jurist,  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1793, 
in  Robertson  county,  Tenn.  He  was  a 
circuit  judge  for  sev 
eral  years.  He  was  a 
representative  i  n 
congress  from  Ten 
nessee  from  1829  to 
1837,  and  again  from 
i»39  to  1845;  after 
which  he  went  into 
the  cabinet  of  Presi 
dent  Polk,  as  post 
master-general.  He 
also  held,  for  many 
years,  the  position  of 
president  of  the 
bank  of  Tennessee,  which  he  resigned  in 
1859.  He  died  Nov.  23,  1866,  in  Clarks- 
ville,  'lenn. 

JOHNSON,  CHAPMAN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
orator,  state  senator,  was  born  March  12, 
1799,  in  Louisa  county,  Va.  During  the 
war  of  1812  he  was  captain  of  a  volunteer 
company,  and  he  afterward  served  as  aide 
to  General  James  Breckinridge.  From 
1815  till  1831  he  served  in  the  state  senate 
and  he  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
convention  of  1829-30  as  champion  of 
the  white  basis  party.  He  died  July  12, 
1849,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

JOHNSON,  CHARLES  FREDERICK, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1836  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  professor  of  English  liter 
ature  in  Trinity  college;  and  the  author 
of  English  Words,  an  Elementary  Study 
of  Derivations;  and  Three  Americans  and 
Three  Englishmen,  lectures. 

JOHNSON,  CHARLES  P.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1836,  in  Leb 
anon,  111.  In  1859  he  was  elected  city 
attorney  of  St.  Louis;  in  1866  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature;  in  1866  was 
appointed  circuit  attorney  for  the  city  and 
county  of  St.  Louis;  in  1872  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor;  and  in  1892  was  ten 
dered  and  accepted  the  professorship  of 
criminal  law  in  the  law  department  in  the 
university  of  St.  Louis. 

JOHNSON,  CLIFTON,  author,  was  born 
in  1865  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a  writer 
and  illustrator  of  Hadley,  Mass.,  best 
known  by  his  photographic  illustrations 
to  White's  Selborne  and  other  books.  He 
is  the  author  of  What  They  Say  in  New 
England;  A  Book  of  Country  Clouds  and 
Sunshine;  The  Country  School  in  New 
England;  The  Farmer's  Boy;  and  The 
New  England  Country. 

JOHNSON,  D.  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  appointed  an 
associate  justice  of  the  United  States  for 
the  territory  of  New  Mexico,  residing  at 
Santa  Fe. 


HERP.INCSSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


JOHNSON,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  3, 
1782,  in  Louisa  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  that  state  In 
1812.  He  was  judge  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals  from  1824  to  1835;  and  chancellor 
from  1835  to  1846.  He  was  governor  of 
South  Carolina  from  1846  to  1848.  He  died 
Jan.  7,  1855,  in  Limestone  Springs,  S.  C. 
JOHNSON,  DAVID,  artist,  was  born 
May  10,  1827,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Artists'  Fund 
society,  and  has  exhibited  at  the  academy 
Echo  Lake;  On  the  Wallkill  River;  New 
Berlin,  N.  Y. ;  View  of  Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 
JOHNSON,  DAVID  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  April  17,  1833,  in  Lowndes  coun 
ty,  Ga.  He  has  attained  eminence  as  an 
able  lawyer;  and  for  many  years  was 
county  judge  of  Hamilton  county,  Fla. 

JOHNSON,  EASTMAN,  artist,  was  born 
July  29,  1824,  in  Lovell,  Maine.  In  1845 
he  moved  from  Boston  to  Washington, 
D.  C.,  where  he  drew 
portraits  of  Daniel 
Webster,  John 
Quincy  Adams,  and 
•  other  distinguished 
1  men.  Since  1859  he 
has  had  his  studio  in 
New  York  city,  and 
since  1860  has  con 
tributed  to  each  of 
the  annual  exhibi 
tions  of  the  Nation 
al  academy.  Among 
his  pictures  are  The 
Old  Kentucky  Home;  Prisoners  of  State; 
The  Barefoot  Boy;  and  Bo-Peep.  He  ex 
cels  as  a  portrait  painter,  and  his  works 
include  likenesses  of  Grover  Cleveland, 
Chester  A.  Arthur,  and  William  M. 
Evarts. 

JOHNSON,  EDWARD,  author,  was  born 
In  1599  in  England.  He  was  the  principal 
founder  of  Woburn,  Mass.,  in  1640,  and  a 
prominent  citizen  of  that  town  for  the 
rest  of  his  life.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Wonder-Working  Providence  of 
Zion's  Savior  in  New  England,  which  is  a 
valuable  account  of  New  England  from  the 
English  planting  in  1628  till  1652;  and 
an  edition,  with  Introduction  and  Notes 
by  W.  F.  Poole.  He  died  April  23,  1672,  in 
Woburn.  Mass. 

JOHNSON,  EDWARD,  soldier,  was  born 
April  16.  1X16.  in  Chesterfield  county,  Va. 
In  1861  he  joined  the  confederate  army, 
was  appointed  colonel  of  the  twelfth 
Georgia  volunteers,  brigadier-general  in 
1862,  and  major-general  in  1863.  He  died 
Feb.  22,  1873,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

JOHNSON,  EDWARD  AUGUSTUS,  law 
yer,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  Ra 
leigh,  N.  C.  He  attended  the  Atlanta 
university,  and  has  become  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  his  native  city.  For  many  years 
her  was  engaged  in  educational  work;  and 
is  the  author  of  a  School  History  of  the 
Negro  Race. 

JOHNSON.  EDWIN  A.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1829  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  methodlst  clergyman;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Half-Hour  Studies  of  Life;  The 
Live  Boy,  or  Charley's  Letters;  Winter 
Greeneries  at  Home;  and  The  Lily  vale 
Club  and  Its  Doings. 

JOHNSON,  ELIAS  HENRY,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1841, 
in  Troy.  N.  Y.  He  has  filled  numer- 
iiiis  pastorates  in  Minnesota,  New  York, 
Rhode  Island,  and  Pennsylvania;  and  lias 
been  professor  of  systematic  theology  in 
the  Crozer  Theological  seminary. 

JOHNSON.  ELIJAH  EMORY,  lawyer, 
legislator.  Jurist,  was  born  May  23,  1841, 
In  East  Haddam.  Conn.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Wllbraham  academy,  and 


in  1862  graduated  from  the  Union  college 
of  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  In  1879  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar;  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  education  for  nine  years; 
and  justice  of  the  peace  for  twenty-one 
years.  In  1879-80  he  was  a  member  of  tbe 
general  assembly  of  Connecticut,  and 
served  with  distinction  on  several  im 
portant  committees.  He  was  the  founder 
of  the  East  Haddam  Savings  bank;  found 
er  of  the  Connecticut  Valley  Advertiser; 
and  in  1895  founded  the  Columbia  Law 
and  Collection  bureau  of  Connecticut. 
He  is  the  author  of  Our  Local  Industries, 
and  other  works. 

JOHNSON,  ELIZABETH  BRYANT,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  For  many 
years  she  has  been  a  resident  of  the  na 
tional  capital.  She  is  the  author  of  The 
Original  Portraits  of  Washington;  and 
George  Washington  Day  by  Day. 

JOHNSON,  ERIC,  soldier,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  July  15,  1838.  in 
Sweden.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
captain  of  company  B,  fifty-seventh  regi 
ment  Illinois  volunteer  infantry;  was  a 
member  of  the  Nebraska  legislature  in 
1889;  and  is  now  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  New  Era  of  Wahoo,  Neb. 

JOHNSON,  EVAN  MALBONE,  clergy 
man,  was  born  June  6,  1791,  in  Bristol, 
K.  I.  In  1826  he  built,  on  his  own  ground 
and  at  his  own  expense,  St.  John's  church 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  served  it,  without 
remuneration,  for  more  than  twenty 
years.  He  died  in  1865  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

JOHNSON,  EVANGELINE  MARIE,  au 
thor,  poet.  She  has  translated  Fire  and 
Flame,  from  the  German  of  Levin  Schuck- 
ing;  and  has  prepared  An  Analytical  In 
dex  to  the  Works  of  Nathaniel  Haw 
thorne;  and  An  Index  to  the  Works  of 
Shakspere.  She  has  contributed  nu 
merous  poems  to  periodicals,  the  best 
known  of  which  is  that  entitled  Daugh 
ters  of  Toil. 

JOHNSON,  FRANCIS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Caroline  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ken 
tucky  in  1820  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  from 
1821  to  1827. 

JOHNSON,  FRANCIS  HOWE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1835  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  congregational  clergy 
man  in  Andover,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of 
What  Is  Reality?  an  Inquiry  as  to  the 
Reasonableness  of  Natural  Religion,  and 
the  Naturalness  of  Revealed  Religion. 

JOHNSON,  FRANK  GRANT,  physician, 
inventor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1835, 
in  East  Windsor,  Conn.  He  is  a  physician 
and  inventor  of  Brooklyn;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Water  Meter  and  the  Actual 
Measurement  System;  The  Nicholson  and 
Other  Pavements;  Health  Lifts;  and  In 
fected  Air  and  Disinfectants. 

JOHNSON,  FRANKLIN,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1836.  He  is  a 
baptist  clergyman,  professor  in  Chicago 
university,  and  previously  pastor  of  a 
church  in  Cambridge.  He  is  the  author  of 
Quotations  of  the  New  Testament  from 
the  Old;  True  Womanhood;  The  New 
Psychic  Studies  in  Their  Relation  to 
Christian  Thought;  Heine's  Lyrical  Inter 
ludes,  with  introduction  and  notes;  and 
Dies  Irae,  and  Stabat  Mater,  with  intro 
duction  and  notes. 

JOHNSON,  FREDERICK  A.,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1833,  in 
Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.  In  1871  he  engaged  in 
the  business  of  private  banking  at  Glens 
Falls.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  republican. 


JOHNSON,   GERTRUDE   TRACY,   edu 
cator,   poet,   was  born    in   1844   in   Chau- 
tauqua  county,  N.   Y.     For  twenty  years 
she  has  been  super 
vising  principal  of  a 
large   grammar 
school     of      Kansas 
City,  Mo.;    and  since 

•  her   youth    has   been 
engaged     in     educa- 

t.    tional     work.       She 
I    has    written    exten- 

*  sively   on    the    prob 
lems     of     education, 
sociology,       politics, 
religion,  and  science; 
and     many     of     her 

poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  stan 
dard  collections. 

JOHNSON,  GROVE  LAWRENCE,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  27, 
1841,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  California  assembly  in  1878-79; 
and  of  the  California  state  senate  in  1880, 
1881,  and  1882.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  platform  in  the  republican 
state  conventions  of  California  in  1888, 
1892,  and  1894;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

JOHNSON,  GUSTAVUS,  pianist,  com 
poser,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1856,  in  England. 
He  is  a  pianist  and  teacher  of  Minneap 
olis,  Minn.;  and  ranks  among  the  fore 
most  in  the  northwest.  He  is  the  author 
of  numerous  pieces  for  the  piano;  an 
thems  and  chamber  music;  and  a  con 
certo  for  piano  and  orchestra. 

JOHNSON,  HARVEY  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Vermont.  He  removed  to 
Ohio;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1853  to 
1855. 

JOHNSON,  MRS.  HELEN  [KEN- 
DRICK],  journalist,  author,  was  born  in 
1843  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  She  has  edited 
Our  Familiar  Songs;  Tears  for  the  Little 
Ones;  The  Nutshell  Series,  and  other 
works;  and  has  written  Raleigh  West- 
gate,  or  Epimenides  in  Maine;  The  Rod 
dy  Books;  and  Woman  and  the  Republic. 

JOHNSON,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1783,  in  Tennes 
see.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
in  1818  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  held  that 
position  until  1824,  in  which  year  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Louisiana.  In  1826  he 
was  re-elected,  holding  that  office  for  four 
consecutive  years.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  from  Louisiana  to  the  twenty-fourth 
and  twenty-fifth  congresses;  and  in  1844 
was  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  United 
States  senate,  serving  until  1849.  He  died 
Sept.  4,  1864,  in  Point  Coupee,  La. 

JOHNSON,  HENRY  C..  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  March  29,  1826,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  held  a  number  of  im 
portant  public  positions,  among  which 
were  those  of  attorney-general  of  New 
Mexico  and  district  and  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  Crawford  county,  Pa.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature 
for  several  terms,  during  one  of  which 
he  was  speaker  of  the  house.  He  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  of  customs  in  the 
treasury  department  at  Washington,  in 
which  office  he  served  until  1885. 

JOHNSON,  HENRY  THEODORE,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1857,  in 
Georgetown,  S.  C.  He  founded  Slater  col 
lege  in  Tennessee,  became  president  of  the 
institution,  and  was  also  presiding  elder 
of  a  large  district  for  three  years.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  Divine 
Logos. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


533 


JOHNSON,  HENRY  U.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  28, 
1850,  in  Cambridge  City,  Ind.  He  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney  for  Wayne 
county  in  1876;  and  re-elected  in  1878. 
He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  from 
Wayne  county  in  1886;  and  served  in  the 
legislative  sessions  of  1887  and  1889.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third, 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

JOHNSON,  HERMAN  MERRILLS,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  college  president,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1815,  in  Butter 
nuts,  N.  Y.  In  1850  he  became  professor 
of  philosophy  and  English  literature  in 
Dickinson  college,  which  post  he  retained 
for  ten  years.  In  1860  he  was  called  to  the 
presidency  of  the  college  and  the  chair 
of  moral  science,  which  he  held  till  his 
death.  He  died  April  5,  1868,  in  Carlisle, 
Pa. 

JOHNSON,  HERRICK,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1832, 
near  Fonda,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Chicago,  professor  in  Mc- 
Cormick  Theological  seminary  from  1880; 
and  the  author  of  Christianity's  Chal 
lenge;  Plain  Talks  about  Theaters; 
Forms  for  Special  Occasions;  and  Re 
vivals. 

JOHNSON,  HERSCHELL  VESPASIAN, 
lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  18,  1812,  in  Burke  county,  Ga. 
He  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1844; 
and  in  1848  was  ap 
pointed  to  fill  a  va 
cancy  in  the  United 
States  senate.  In 
1849  he  was  elected  a 
judge  of  the  su 
perior  court.  He 
subsequently  served 
in  the  confederate 
senate;  was  a  dele- 

gate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  national  union 

convention  of  1866;  and  after  the  rebel 
lion  became  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Georgia.  He  died  Aug.  16,  1880,  in  Jef 
ferson  county,  Ga. 

JOHNSON,  HEZEKIAH  S.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  journalist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Sept.  12,  1828,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  In  1849 
he  moved  to  New  Mexico;  held  the  offices 
of  district  attorney,  clerk  of  court,  and 
treasurer  of  the  territory;  and  in  1863 
was  elected  to  the  territorial  legislature. 
In  1869  he  was  appointed  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Mexico,  and 
was  reappointed  in  1871. 

JOHNSON,  HORACE  B.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1842,  in  Marengo, 
111.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Upper  Iowa  university  of  Fayette.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  was  a  captain  in  the 
army.  In  1865-68  he  was  circuit  attorney 
in  Missouri;  and  in  1869-70  was  attorney- 
general  for  the  state  of  Missouri.  He  is 
one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the  west, 
and  now  has  an  extensive  law  practice  in 
Denver,  Colo. 

JOHNSON,  HORACE  CHAUNCEY,  art 
ist,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1820,  in  Oxford,  Conn. 
He  attained  prominence  as  a  portrait  and 
landscape  painter. 

JOHNSON,  HUGH  EDGAR,  journalist, 
was  born  Feb.  24,  1868,  in  Henderson 
county,  N.  C.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools,  and 
subsequently  took  a  commercial  course 
at  college.  In  1888  he  established  The 
Tribune  of  Fullerton,  Cal.,  of  which  he  is 
still  editor  and  owner. 

JOHNSON,  ISAAC,  governor,  was  born 
in  England.  He  was  governor  of  Louisi 
ana  from  1845  to  1850.  He  died  March 
15,  1853,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 


JOHNSON,  JAMES,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1813  to  1820.  He  also  served 
in  the  state  legislature.  He  died  Dec.  7, 
1825,  in  Norfolk,  Va. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1774,  in  Orange 
county,  Va.  He  served  as  lieutenant-col 
onel  at  the  battle  of  the  Thames;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  during  the  years  1825  and  1826. 
He  died  Aug.  14,  1826,  in  Great  Crossings, 
Ky. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1811  in 
Robinson  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1851  to  1853. 
In  1865  he  was  appointed  provisional  gov 
ernor  of  Georgia;  and  in  1866  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  customs  at  Savannah, 
where  he  remained  until  1869.  He  was 
subsequently  made  a  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  the  state. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES  A.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  May  16,  1829,  in 
Spartanburg,  S.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  in  1859;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  California  to  the 
fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES  H.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1839; 
was  a  state  counselor  in  1842  and  1843; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1845  to  1847. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES  L.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1851. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES  NEELY,  governor 
of  California,  was  born  about  1828  in 
Indiana.  From  1856-58  was  governor  of 
California.  He  died  in  August,  1872,  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES  WILLIS,  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1826,  in 
Enfield,  N.  H.  As  a  republican  he  was 
elected  to  a  number  of  positions  of  honor 
in  his  native  state,  including  a  seat  in  the 
New  Hampshire  legislature  in  1860,  1865- 
66  and  1875.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  in  1876-77,  railroad  commis 
sioner  in  1878,  serving  two  years,  and  in 
1878  was  nominated  for  congress  by  the 
greenback  party,  but  met  with  defeat. 
He  died  Dec.  18,  1886,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

JOHNSON.  JEROMUS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kings  county,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  city  from  1825  to  1829.  He  died 
Sept.  7,  1846,  in  Goshen,  N.  Y. 

JOHNSON,  JOEL  HILLS,  merchant, 
was  born  Nov.  16,  1860,  in  Virgin  City, 
Utah.  After  receiving  a  liberal  educa 
tion,  he  entered  mercantile  pursuits,  and 
has  become  a  successful  n^grchant  of 
Kane  county,  Utah.  He  is  prominent  in 
public  affairs,  and  he  has  filled  numerous 
important  public  offices  of  trust. 

JOHNSON,  JOHN,  agriculturist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1808 
in  Ireland.  He  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Ohio  senate  ;  also  in  the  last  consti 
tutional  convention  of  that  state;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1851  to  1853. 

JOHNSON,  JOHN  BUTLER,  educator, 
civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  in  1850 
in  Ohio.  He  is  a  professor  of  civil  en 
gineering  in  Washington  university  at 
St.  Louis  from  1883;  and  the  author  of 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Surveying;  Mod 
ern  Framed  Structures;  and  Stadia  and 
Earth-Work  Tables. 


JOHNSON,  JOHN  T.,  clergyman,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
5,  1788,  in  Great  Crossings,  Ky.  He  was 
once  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  of 
Kentucky;  and  represented  that  state  in 
congress  from  1821  to  1825.  He  died  Dec. 
17,  1856,  in  Lexington,  Mo. 

JOHNSON,  JOHN  W.,  physician,  legis 
lator,  was  born  June  14,  1856,  in  Framing- 
ham  Center,  Mass.  For  three  years  he 
was  professor  of  obstetrics  in  Tufts  col 
lege  Medical  school.  He  is  a  successful 
physician  of  Boston,  Mass.;  has  been  a 
member  of  the  city  council;  and  in  1896- 
97  served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  state  legislature. 

JOHNSON,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1785,  in  Orange 
county,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Virginia,  and 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1823  to  1827,  from  1835  to  1841,  and 
from  1845  to  1847.  He  was  governor  of 
Virginia  from  1852  to  1856.  He  died  Feb. 
27,  1877,  in  Bridgeport,  W.  Va. 

JOHNSON,  JOSEPH  HORSFALL,  bish 
op  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  was  born  June  7, 
1847,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  was  con 
secrated  on  Feb.  24,  1896,  in  Christ  church, 
Detroit.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous 
sermons  and  papers. 

JOHNSON,  JOSEPH  TABER,  educator, 
physician,  lecturer,  was  born  June  30, 
1845,  in  Lowell,  Mass.  He  was  elected  lec 
turer  on  obstetrics  in  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  George 
town  in  1874,  full  professor  of  the  same 
in  1876,  and  is  now  president  of  this  de 
partment.  He  has  edited  volumes  ten 
and  eleven  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
American  Gynecological  Society. 

JOHNSON,  MRS.  LAURA  [WIN- 
THROP],  author,  was  born  in  1825  in 
Connecticut.  She  is  a  writer  of  New- 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Little  Blos 
som's  Reward;  Poems  of  Twenty  Years; 
and  Eight  Hundred  Miles  in  an  Ambu 
lance. 

JOHNSON,  LAWRENCE,  type-founder, 
inventor,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1801,  in  Eng 
land.  He  established  a  successful  stereo 
type-foundry  in  Philadelphia,  Pa  ,  and  in 
1833  he  purchased  the  Philadelphia  type- 
foundry,  which,  under  his  management, 
became  one  of  the  largest  in  the  country. 
He  died  April  26,  1860,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

JOHNSON,  MADISON  CONYERS,  law 
yer,  banker,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  21, 
1806,  near  Georgetown,  Ky.  In  1850  he 
was  chosen  one  of  the  commissioners  to 
adopt  and  draw  up  the  Kentucky  code  of 
practice,  and  in  1853  and  1857  he  was 
elected  to  the  legislature.  From  1858  till 
his  death  he  was  president  of  the  North 
ern  bank  of  Kentucky.  He  died  Dec.  7, 
1886,  in  Lexington.  Ky. 

JOHNSON,  MARTIN  N.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1850 
in  Wisconsin.  He  served  a  term  in  each 
branch  of  the  Iowa  legislature  and  was  a 
Hayes  elector  for  the  Dubuque  district  in 
the  electoral  college  of  1876.  He  re 
moved  to  Dakota  in  1882,  and  took  up 
government  land,  on  which  he  still  re 
sides.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  in 
1886  and  re-elected  in  1888.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

JOHNSON,  MARY  ANN,  matron,  lec 
turer,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1808,  in  West 
moreland,  Vt.  She  was  matron  in  the 
female  state  prison  at  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y. 
She  died  June  8,  1872,  in  New  York. 

JOHNSON,  NOADIAH,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman.  He  served  in  the  legis 
lature  of  New  York;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  from  1833  to  1835.  Hfe 
died  April  4,  1839,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 


534 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


JOHNSON,  OKEY,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  March  24,  1834,  in  Long 
Reach,  Va.  In  1856  he  graduated  from 
the  Marietta  high 
school,  which  insti 
tution  conferred  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  up 
on  him  in  1874;  and 
in  1858  from  the  law 
school  of  the  Har 
vard  university,  with 
the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
He  practiced  his  pro 
fession  at  Parkers- 
burg  until  1877,  when 
he  took  his  seat  on 
the  supreme  bench  of 
West  Virginia.  He  was  twice  a  candi 
date  for  presidential  elector;  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  in  1870;  to  the  consti 
tutional  convention  in  1871,  and  was  one 
of  the  most  prominent  members  in  the 
constitutional  convention  of  1872.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  supreme  court  dur 
ing  1877-89,  and  was  president  of  the 
court  for  nearly  eight  years.  Since  1895 
he  has  been  dean  of  the  law  college  of 
the  West  Virginia  university.  As  a  lec 
turer  and  teacher  of  law  he  has  been  em 
inently  successful,  both  oratorically  and 
practically. 

JOHNSON,  OLIVER,  journalist,  lectur 
er,  author,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1809,  in 
Peacham,  Vt.  He  was  an  editor  and  lec 
turer  of  New  York  city,  successively  man 
aging  editor  of  The  Independent,  editor  of 
the  Weekly  Tribune,  and  editor  of  the 
Christian  Union.  He  was  the  author  of 
William  Lloyd  Garrison  and  His  Times. 
He  died  Dec.  10,  1889,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

JOHNSON,  OVID  PRAZER,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1807,  near  Wilkesbarre, 
Pa.  In  1833-45  he  was  attorney-general 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  attained  distinction 
as  a  political  writer,  and  was  the  author 
of  the  political  satires  entitled  the  Gov 
ernor's  Letters.  He  died  in  February, 
1854,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

JOHNSON,  PERLEY  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1845. 

JOHNSON,  PHILIP,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1818,  in  War 
ren  county,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago  convention 
of  1864;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress.  He  died  Jan.  31,  1867,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

JOHNSON,  PHILIP  CARRIGAIN,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1828,  in  Maine. 
He  served  as  chief  signal  officer  of  the 
navy,  and  in  1884  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  commodore  and  placed  in  com 
mand  of  Portsmouth  navy-yard.  He  was 
promoted  to  rear-admiral  in  1887.  He 
died  Jan.  28,  1887,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

JOHNSON,  REVERDY,  lawyer,  jurist. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  21, 
1796,  in  Annapolis,  Md.  In  1817  he  moved 
to  Baltimore;  in  1820  was  appointed  chief 
commissioner  of  insolvent  debtors,  which 
office  he  held  until  1821,  when  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate,  serving  five 
years.  He  was  re-elected  and  resigned  In 
the  second  year  of  that  term;  and  in  1845 
was  chosen  a  senator  in  congress,  where 
he  remained  until  1849,  when  he  resigned 
to  accept  the  post  of  attorney-general  of 
the  United  States  In  1862  he  was  again 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  his 
native  state  for  the  term  commencing 
in  1863  and  ending  in  1869.  He  died  Feb. 
10,  1876,  in  England. 


JOHNSON,  RICHARD  MENTOR,  ninth 
vice-president  of  the  United  States,  was 
born  Oct.  17,  1781,  in  Bryant's  Station, 
Ky.  In  1807  he  was 
chosen  a  represen 
tative  in  congress 
from  Kentucky, 
which  post  he  held 
until  1813.  He  great- 
lydistinguished  him 
self  at  the  battle  of 
the  Thames,  and  the 
chief,  Tecumseh,  is 
said  to  have  been 
killed  by  his  hand. 
In  1814  he  was  ap 
pointed  Indian  com 
missioner;  and  was  again  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1813  to  1819.  In 
1819  he  went  from  the  house  into  the 
United  States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
and  was  re-elected,  and  served  as  senator 
until  1829.  He  was  again  elected  to  the 
house,  and  remained  there  until  1837, 
when  he  became  vice-president,  and  as 
such  presided  over  the  senate.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  legislature.  He  died  Nov.  19, 
1850,  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

JOHNSON,  RICHARD  W.,  soldier,  was 
born  Feb.   7,   1827,   in  Livingston  county, 
Ky.    In  1849  he  graduated  from  the  United 
States  military  acad 
emy  at  West   Point, 
^^^*S^        •'   and    was    appointed 
f  X          second  lieutenant.  In 

*  4)^  Ak'v  1N55  he  was  appoint 
ed  first  lieutenant 
and  subsequently 
promoted  to  major- 
general  for  meritori 
ous  services  during 
the  civil  war.  He 
served  with  distinc 
tion  during  the  civil 
war  and  in  the  In 
dian  wars  in  the  regular  service;  and 
was  retired  from  active  service  in  1867  on 
account  of  wounds  received  during  the 
civil  war.  In  1881  he  was  democratic  can 
didate  for  governor  of  Minnesota,  in 
which  state  he  resided  at  St.  Paul  until  his 
death  in  1897.  He  was  the  author  of  A 
Life  of  Major-General  George  H.  Thomas; 
Reminiscences  of  a  Soldier  in  Peace  and 
War;  and  contributed  to  various  news 
papers  and  magazines. 

JOHNSON,  ROBERT,  governor,  was 
born  in  1682.  He  was  governor  of  South 
Carolina  in  1719,  and  during  1730-35.  In 
1731  he  made  a  treaty  with  the  Cherokees. 
He  died  May  3,  1735,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
JOHNSON,  ROBERT  UNDERWOOD, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1853, 
in  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1873  he  became 
connected  with  the  editorial  staff  of  the 
Century  Magazine,  then  called  Scribner's 
Monthly.  In  1881  he  became  associate  edi 
tor  of  that  magazine;  and  during  1883-89 
was  associate  editor  of  the  Century  War 
Papers,  which  were  published  in  four  vol 
umes  entitled  Battles  and  Leaders  of  the 
Civil  War.  He  has  also  written  numerous 
editorial  and  critical  articles,  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  meritorious  po 
ems.  In  1891  he  recei\ed  the  degree  of 
M.  A.  from  Yale  university,  in  recognition 
of  his  labors  in  the  campaign  for  interna 
tional  copyright. 

JOHNSON,  ROBERT  WARD,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1814  in  Kentucky.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Arkansas  in 
1847,  and  served  until  1853,  when  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress.  He  died  in 
1879  in  Arkansas. 

JOHNSON,  ROSSITER,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  27,  1840,  in  Rochester,  N. 
Y.  He  is  a  writer  of  New  York  city  who 


has  edited  Appleton's  Annual  Cyclopa?- 
dia  since  1883,  and  also  edited  Famous 
Single  Poems;  Play-day  Poems;  Little 
Classics;  The  Authored  History  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  other 
works.  His  original  writings  include, 
Phaeton  Rogers,  a  Novel  of  Boy  Life; 
History  of  the  French  War,  Ending  in  the 
Conquest  of  Canada;  History  of  the  War 
of  1812-15;  A  Short  History  of  the  War 
of  Secession,  enlarged  as  Campflre  and 
Battlefield;  The  End  of  a  Rainbow,  an 
American  Story;  Idler  and  Poet;  and 
Three  Decades. 

JOHNSON,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  Oct.  14, 
1696,  in  Guilford,  Conn.  He  was  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  of  Stratford,  Conn.,  who 
was  president  of  Columbia  (then  Kings) 
college  in  1753-63.  He  was  the  author  of 
A  System  of  Morality,  republished  by 
Franklin  as  Elementa  Philosophia;  and 
English  and  Hebrew  Grammar.  He  died 
Jan.  6,  1772,  in  Stratford,  Conn. 
.  JOHNSON,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1822,  In  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
radical  views,  pastor  of  an  independent 
church  in  Lynn  for  many  years;  and  the 
author  of  Oriental  Religions;  Lectures, 
Essays,  and  Sermons;  and  The  Worship 
of  Jesus  in  Its  Past  and  Present  Aspect. 
He  died  Feb.  19,  1882,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

JOHNSON.  SAMUEL  FROST,  artist,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1835,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  professor  in  the  art 
schools  of  the  Metropolitan  museum  in 
New  York  in  1883-85,  also  teaching  science 
and  art  classes  at  St.  John's  college,  Ford- 
ham,  in  1884-85. 

JOHNSON,  SAMUEL  WILLIAM,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  July  3,  1830,  in 
Kingsborough,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  profes 
sor  of  chemistry  in  Sheffield  Scientific 
School  at  Yale  university  since  1856;  and 
is  the  author  of  Essays  on  Manures;  Peat 
and  Its  Uses;  How  Crops  Feed;  Chemical 
Notation  and  Nomenclature;  and  several 
translations  of  German  scientific  works. 

JOHNSON,  SYDNEY  CARTER,  railroad 
manager,  financier,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1861. 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Since  1873  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  railroad  service  with  the 
St.  Louis.  Iron  Mountain  and  Southern 
railroad;  the  Missouri  Pacific  railway; 
the  St.  Louis.  Arkansas  and  Texas  rail 
way;  and  since  1891  has  been  general 
auditor  of  the  St.  Louis  and  Southwestern 
railway. 

JOHNSON,  THEODORE  TAYLOR, 
merchant,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1818 
in  Lebanon,  N.  J.  He  was  engaged  in 
commerce  in  Philadelphia  from  1843  till 
1860,  and  in  1847  his  firm  were  the  larg 
est  shippers  of  bread  stuffs  from  that  port 
to  Great  Britain.  He  published  Califor 
nia  and  Oregon,  or  Sights  in  the  Gold  Re 
gion  and  Scenes  by  the  Way. 

JOHNSON,  THOMAS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  go\ernor,  was  born 
Nov.  4,  1732,  in  St.  Leonard's,  Md.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con- 
gross  from  1775  to  1777,  when  he  left  that 
Imdy  to  mine  an  army,  with  which,  as 
commander,  he  went  to  assist  Washing 
ton  in  New  England.  He  was  the  first 
republican  governor  of  Maryland,  serv 
ing  as  such  from  1777  to  1779.  and  residing 
in  Frederick  City.  He  was  a  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  for  the 
state  of  Maryland;  and  was  a  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States 
from  1791  to  1793.  He  was  the  delegate 
in  congress  who  proposed  that  the  gen 
eral  should  be  declared  commander-in- 
chief.  He  died  Oct.  25,  1819,  near  Fred 
erick  City. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


535 


JOHNSON,  THOMAS  GARY,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1859  in 
West  Virginia.  He  is  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman,  profess;  r  of  ecclesiastical  polity 
in  Union  semini  ry,  Va.,  from  1892;  and 
the  author  of  The  History  of  the  South 
ern  Presbyterian  Church. 

JOHNSON,  TOM  LOFTIN,  manufactur 
er,  congressman,  was  born  July  18,  1854, 
near  Georgetown,  Ky.  The  Johnson  gir 
der  rail,  made  and  patented  by  him,  has 
since  come  into  extended  use  on  street 
car  lines  throughout  the  country.  The 
Johnson  Company  in  1894  increased  its 
plant  by  erecting  one  of  the  largest  steel 
mills  in  the  country  in  Lorain,  O.,  a  sub 
urb  of  Cleveland.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses  as 
a  democrat. 

JOHNSON,  VIRGINIA  WALES,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1849,  in  Brooklyn,  N. 
Y.  She  is  a  novelist  who  has  resided  in 
Europe  since  1875,  and  mainly  in  Italy; 
and  is  the  author  of  The  Neptune  Vase, 
her  finest  effort.  Her  other  works  com 
prise,  Joseph  the  Jew;  A  Sack  of  Gold; 
The  Calderwood  Secret;  Two  Old  Cats; 
Miss  Nancy's  Pilgrimage;  A  Foreign  Mar 
riage;  An  English  Daisy  Miller;  The 
House  of  the  Musician;  Tulip  Place;  The 
Fainalls  of  Tipton;  and  America's  God 
father. 

JOHNSON,  WALDO  PORTER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  16,  1817,  in  Harrison  county, 
Va.  He  became  prosecuting  attorney  and 
judge  of  his  judicial  district  in  Missouri, 
and  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  as  a  democrat,  serving  from  1861  to 
1862,  when  he  was  expelled  because  he 
had  joined  the  confederate  army.  He  died 
Aug.  14,  1885,  in  Osceola,  Mo. 

JOHNSON,  WALTER  ROGERS,  chem 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  June  21,  1794, 
in  Leominster,  Mass.  He  was  a  once 
prominent  chemist  of  Boston  and  else 
where;  and  the  author  of  The  Use  of  An 
thracite;  Report  on  Coals;  Coal  Trade  of 
British  America;  Natural  Philosophy; 
and  Memoir  of  L.  D.  von  Schweinitz.  He 
died  April  26,  1852,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

JOHNSON,  WARREN  S.,  engineer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1847,  in  Bran 
don,  Vt.  Among  the  number  of  his  in 
ventions  may  be  mentioned  Johnson's 
system  of  heat  regulation,  and  the  im 
pulsive  railway  by  means  of  which  mail 
and  express  matter  is  forwarded  on  spe 
cial  cars. 

JOHNSON,  WILLIAM,  law  reporter,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1770  in  Middletown, 
Conn.  From  1806  till  1823  he  sened  as 
reporter  of  the  supreme  court  ot  New 
York,  and  from  1814  till  1823  he  held  the 
same  relation  to  the  New  York  court  of 
chancery.  He  issued  New  York  Su 
preme  Court  Reports;  New  York  Chan 
cery  Reports;  and  Digest  of  Cases  in  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  York.  He  died  in 
July,  1848,  in  New  York  city. 

JOHNSON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
27,  1771,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legislature  in  1794;  and 
was  re-elected  and  made  speaker.  He  was 
subsequently  chosen  a  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  the  state;  and  in  1804  was  ap 
pointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States,  which  position  he  held 
until  his  death.  In  1822  he  published  the 
Life  and  Services  of  Nathaniel  Greene,  in 
two  volumes.  He  died  Aug.  11,  1834,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

JOHNSON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1819  in  Ireland. 
In  1862  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 
He  died  May  3,  18C6,  in  Mansfield,  Ohio. 


JOHNSON,  WILLIAM  BULLIEN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  13,  1782, 
in  Sir  John's  Island,  S.  C.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Bible  Revision  society; 
forty  years  president  of  the  Georgia  bap 
tist  convention,  and  three  years  president 
of  the  general  baptist  convention  of  the 
United  States.  He  published  Infant  Bap 
tism  Argued  from  Analogy;  The  Church's 
Argument  for  Christianity;  Examination 
of  Snodgrass  on  Apostolic  Succession;  Ex 
amination  of  Confirmation  Examined;  and 
a  Memoir  of  Rev.  Nathan  P.  Knapp.  He 
died  Jan.  10,  1862,  in  Greenville,  S.  C. 

JOHNSON,  WILLIAM  CAREY,  lawyer, 
banker,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  27, 
1893,  in  Frankfort,  Ohio.  He  was  made 
prosecuting  attorney  of  the  fourth  ju 
dicial  district  of  Oregon;  and  has  served 
as  senator  in  the  Oregon  state  legisla 
ture.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Mer 
chants'  National  bank  of  Portland,  Ore. 

JOHNSON,  WILLIAM  COST,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1806  in  Frederick  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  from  1837  to  1843.  He  served 
in  the  state  legislature  before  entering 
and  after  he  left  congress.  He  died  April 
16,  1860,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

JOHNSON,  WILLIAM  SAMUEL,  law 
yer,  jurist,  college  president,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct. 
7,  1727,  in  Stratford,  Conn.  In  1765  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  congress  at  New 
York.  In  1772  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Connecticut;  and  in 
1780  was  a  member  of  the  council  of  Con 
necticut.  He  was  again  a  delegate  to  the 
New  York  congress  in  1785.  He  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  1789  to  1791,  and 
from  1792  to  1800  president  of  Columbia 
college  in  New  York.  He  died  Nov.  14, 
1819,  in  Stratford,  Conn. 

JOHNSON,  WILLIAM  SMITH,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  was  born  Oct.  8, 
1869,  in  Clark  county,  Ark.  In  1892  he 
was  appointed  president  of  the  Mountain 
Home  Baptist  college  of  Arkansas. 

JOHNSON,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Nov.  29,  1813,  in  Buckland,  Mass.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  legisla 
ture  in  1879.  He  is  the  author  of  three 
works,  and  a  noted  genealogist  and  poet. 

JOHNSON,  WILLIS  FLETCHER,  jour 
nalist,  lecturer,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Oct.  7,  1857,  in  New  York  city.  For  a 
number  of  years  he  has  been  on  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  the  New  York  Tribune.  He 
has  lectured  frequently  and  made  many 
public  addresses;  and  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  books  and  a  number  of  poems. 

JOHNSON,  WOOLSEY,  physician,  was 
born  Feb.  8,  1842,  in  New  York  city.  In 
1881  he  was  appointed  health  commission 
er  of  the  city  of  New  York.  He  died  June 
21,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

JOHNSTON,  ALBERT  SIDNEY,  soldier, 
was  born  Feb.  3,  1803,  in  Washington,  Ky. 
In  1836  he  joined  the  Texas  Patriots,  and 
rapidly  rose  through  all  the  grades  to 
the  command  of  his  army.  In  1838  he 
was  made  secretary  of  war  of  Texas;  and 
in  1839  conducted  a  campaign  against  the 
Indians.  He  died  April  6,  1862,  near 
Pittsburg  Landing,  Tenn. 

JOHNSTON,  ALEXANDER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  29,  1849,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  professor  of  politi 
cal  economy  at  Princeton  college  in  1883- 
89;  and  the  author  of  The  Genesis  of  a 
New  England  State;  History  of  the  United 
States  for  Schools;  The  United  States,  its 
History  and  Constitution;  History  of 
Connecticut;  and  History  of  American 
Politics.  He  died  July  20,  18S»,  in  Prince 
ton,  N.  J. 


JOHNSTON,  AMOS  RANDALL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  state  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  28,  1810,  in  Maury  county,  Tenn. 
Removing  to  Mississippi  in  1830  he  set 
tled  in  Clinton,  represented  Hinds  coun 
ty  in  the  legislature  as  a  whig  in  1836. 
and  was  county  clerk  from  1837  till  his 
election  as  probate  judge  in  1845.  In  1875 
he  served  in  the  state  senate  as  a  conser- 
vathe  democrat.  He  died  June  25,  1870, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

JOHNSTON,  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1839  to  1841. 

JOHNSTON,  CHARLES,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Chowan  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  leg 
islature  for  many  years;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  during  the  years 
1801  and  1802.  He  died  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  term. 

JOHNSTON,  CHARLES  C.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1831  to  1832.  He  was 
drowned  June  18,  1832,  near  Alexandria, 
Va. 

JOHNSTON,  CHRISTOPHER,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1822,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  In  1864  he  was  professor  of 
anatomy  and  physiology  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Maryland,  in  1866  was  professor 
of  general,  descriptive  and  surgical  anat 
omy,  and  in  1870  filled  the  chair  of  sur 
gery,  becoming  professor  emeritus  in  1880. 

JOHNSTON,  DAVID  CLAYPOOLE,  ar 
tist,  was  born  March,  1797,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1830  he  began  the  pub 
lication  of  Scraps,  an  annual  of  five  plates. 
He  died  Nov.  8,  1865,  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

JOHNSTON,  GABRIEL,  governor  of 
North  Carolina,  was  born  in  1699  in  Scot 
land.  Emigrating  to  the  United  States 
about  1730  and  settling  in  North  Caro 
lina,  he  was  appointed  governor  of  that 
colony.  He  died  August,  1752,  in  Cho 
wan  county,  N.  C. 

JOHNSTON,  GEORGE,  soldier,  author, 
poet,  was  born  May  15,  1829,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1879  he  became  connected 
with  the  Cecil  Whig,  and  in  1881  pub 
lished  the  History  of  Cecil  County, 
Maryland,  for  which  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  historical  societies  of 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland  and 
Wisconsin.  In  1887  he  published  Poets  and 
Poetry  of  Cecil  County,  Maryland;  and 
he  is  the  author  of  other  works. 

JOHNSTON,  HAROLD  WHETSTONE, 
educator,  philologist,  author,  was  born 
March  18,  1859,  in  Rushville,  111.  Since 
1895  he  has  filled  the  chair  of  Latin  in  the 
Indiana  university  of  Bloomington.  He  is 
the  author  of  Latin  Manuscripts,  and  vari 
ous  other  books  and  pamphlets. 

JOHNSTON,  HENRY  PHELPS,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1842.  He  is  a 
professor  of  history  in  the  College  of  the 
City  of  New  York;  and  the  author  of 
Loyalist  History  of  the  Revolution;  The 
Campaign  of  1776  around  New  York;  The 
Yorktown  Campaign;  Yale  and  her  Honor 
Roll  in  the  American  Revolution;  and  Ob 
servations  on  Judge  Jones. 

JOHNSTON,  JAMES  HUGO,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  July  29,  1858, 
in  Richmond,  Va.  Since  1888  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Virginia  Normal  and  Col 
legiate  institute  of  Petersburg,  Va. 

JOHNSTON,  JAMES  STEPTOE,  mis 
sionary  bishop  of  western-  Texas,  was 
born  June  9,  1843,  in  Jefferson  county, 
Miss.  Under  his  supervision  the  work  of 
the  church  in  western  Texas  has  made 
great  progress.  The  bishop  has  pub 
lished  various  missionary  reports,  as  well 
as  sermons  and  addresses. 


536 


HERR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


JOHNSTON,  JAMES  T.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
19,  1839,  in  Putnam  rounty,  Ind.  He 
served  with  valor  during  the  civil  war, 
and  was  promoted  to  lieutenant.  He  at 
tained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Indiana;  has  been  prosecuting  attorney; 
a  member  of  both  houses  of  the  Indiana 
state  legislature;  and  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  forty-ninth  and 
fiftieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

JOHNSTON,  JOHN,  soldier,  artist,  was 
born  in  1752  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  served 
with  credit  in  the  revolution,  and  after 
ward  settled  in  Boston,  where  he  painted 
many  portraits  of  public  men  of  Massa 
chusetts.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1818.  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

JOHNSTON,  JOHN,  pioneer,  was  born 
in  1763  in  Ireland.  He  settled  about  1794 
in  Sault  Sainte  Marie,  Mich.,  where  he 
was  a  frontier  merchant  for  more  than 
forty  years,  and  established  a  small  cen 
ter  of  chilization  in  the  midst  of  the  sav 
ages.  He  died  in  1834  in  Sault  Sainte 
Marie,  Mich. 

JOHNSTON,  JOHN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1806  in  Maine.  He  was  an  ed 
ucator  who  was  for  many  years  professor 
of  natural  science  in  Wesleyan  university; 
and  the  author  of  Manual  of  Chemistry; 
Manual  of  Natural  Philosophy;  Primer  of 
Natural  Philosophy;  and  History  of  the 
Towns  of  Bristol  and  Bremen  in  Maine. 
He  died  Dec.  2.  1879.  on  Staten  Island. 
N.  Y. 

JOHNSTON,  JOHN  TAYLOR,  capitalist, 
was  born  April  8,  1820,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1848  he  became  president  of  the  Cen 
tral  railroad  of  New  Jersey.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  council  of  the  university 
of  the  city  of  New  York. 

JOHNSTON,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  9, 
1818,  in  Panicello,  Va.  He  was  made 
judge  of  the  tenth  judicial  district;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  the  state 
of  Virginia  in  1847  and  1848.  He  was 
president  of  the  Northwestern  bank  at 
Jeffersonville,  Va.,  from  1850  to  1859.  In 
1870  he  was  elected  United  States  senator 
from  Virginia  for  the  term  ending  in 
1871;  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term 
ending  in  1877;  and  in  1876  he  was  re- 
elected  to  the  senate  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1877  and  ending  in  1883.  He 
died  Feb.  27,  1889,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

JOHNSTON,  JOHN  WARFIELD,  law 
yer,  jurist.  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  9,  1818,  in  Abingdon,  Va.  In 
1839  he  became  judge  of  the  tenth  judi 
cial  district  of  Virginia.  He  was  elected 
in  1870  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
conservative,  and  by  re-elections  served 
till  1883.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1889,  in  Rich- 
mond,  Va. 

JOHNSTON,  JOSEPH  EGGLESTON, 
soldier,  congressman,  author,  was  born  in 
1809,  in  Longwood,  Va.  In  1861  he  en 
tered  the  confederate  service  as  general, 
and  served  throughout  the  civil  war.  In 
1878  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Virginia  to  the  forty-sixth  congress;  and 
declined  a  renomination.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  commissioner  of  railroads  in 
the  department  of  the  interior  at  Wash 
ington.  He  published  a  Narrative  of  Mil 
itary  Operations,  a  spirited  defense  of  his 
military  policy.  He  died  March  21,  1891, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

JOHNSTON.  JOSEPH  R.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  state  senator,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1840, 
in  North  Jackson,  Ohio.  He  served  in  the 
civil  w.ir  for  three  years,  and  was  second 
lieutenant  in  the  twenty-fifth  Ohio  volun 
teer  battery  light  artillery.  For  six  yean 


he  was  probate  judge  of  his  county;  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  state  senate  for  four 
years;  and  for  ten  years  was  common 
pleas  judge  of  the  ninth  judicial  district 
of  Ohio. 

JOHNSTON,  JOSIAH  STODDARD,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Nov.  24,  1784,  in  Salisbury, 
Conn.  He  settled  in 
Alexandria,  Rapides 
parish,  a  frontier  vil 
lage.  He  held  the 
post  of  district  judge 
from  1812  till  1821. 
Inl820he  was  elected 
to  congress  as  a  Clay 
democrat,  and  in  1823 
to  the  United  States 
senate  to  fill  a  va 
cancy.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  1825,  and 
in  1831  was  again 
chosen  by  a  legislature  that  was  politi 
cally  opposed  to  him.  He  died  May  19, 
1833.  in  Red  River,  La. 

JOHNSTON,  JOSIAH  STODDARU,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1833,  in  Rapides, 
La.  After  the  war  he  was  editor  of  the 
Kentucky  Yeoman  at  Frankfort,  Ky..  for 
nearly  twenty  years.  He  was  adjutant- 
general  of  Kentucky  in  1870-71.  and  held 
the  office  of  secretary  of  state  for  the 
commonwealth  for  nearly  ten  years. 

JOHNSTON,  LOUIS  WILLIAM,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  April  24,  1864.  in 
Tuskegee,  Ala.  After  receiving  his  edu 
cation,  he  entered  the  drug  business;  sub 
sequently  graduating  in  medicine  and 
pharmacy.  He  soon  attained  success  as  a 
physician  and  surgeon;  has  been  mayor 
of  his  nati\e  city;  and  is  prominently 
identified  with  the  leading  medical  so 
cieties  of  America. 

JOHNSTON,  MRS.  MARIA  I.,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  3,  1835,  in  Fred- 
ericksburg,  Va.  She  is  the  author  of  a 
no\el  entitled  Jane;  and  an  excellent  work 
entitled  The  Freedwoman. 

JOHNSTON,  RICHARD  MALCOLM, 
author,  was  born  March  8,  1822,  in  Geor 
gia.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  of  Alex 
ander  Stephens;  Dukesborough  Tales; 
Old  Mark  Langston;  Two  Gray  Tourists; 
Mr.  Absalom  Billingslea  and  Other  Geor 
gia  Folk;  Ogeechee  Cross-Firings;  Stud 
ies,  Literary  and  Social:  The  Primes  and 
Their  Neighbors;  Mr.  Billy  Downs  and 
his  Likes;  Widow  Guthrie,  a  Novel;  The 
Chronicles  of  Mr.  Bill  Williams;  Mr. 
Fortner's  Marital  Claims;  Little  Ike 
Templin,  stories  for  young  people;  and 
English  Classics,  a  Historical  Sketch. 

JOHNSTON,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
I'nited  States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  1.",, 
1733.  in  Scotland.  He  was  governor  of 
North  Carolina  from  1787  to  1789:  was 
president  of  the  convention  of  that  state 
which  ratified  the  federal  constitution: 
and  was  a  member  of  congress  from  1780 
to  1782.  In  1789  he  was  appointed  a  sen 
ator  from  North  Carolina,  and  served  un 
til  1793.  He  was  afterward  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  law  and  equity. 
He  died  Aug.  18,  1816.  in  Sherwarkey, 
N.  C. 

JOHNSTON,  SAMUEL,  imentor.  was 
born  Feb.  !i.  1835,  in  Shelby.  N.  Y.  In 
1856  be  applied  his  first  self-rake  to  the 
Ketch  urn  reaper;  its  success  attracted 
wide  attention,  and  its  manufacture  was 
begun  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in  1858. 

JOHNSTON,  THOMAS  DILLARD,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  April  1,  1840,  in  Waynesville, 
N.  C.  He  entered  the  confederate  army  in 
1861,  and  was  soon  after  elected  lieuten 


ant;  and  was  subsequently  detailed  as 
adjutant  of  his  regiment.  In  1870  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  North  Car 
olina  state  legislature,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1872.  In  1876  he  was  elected  state  sen 
ator;  and  in  1884  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress;  and  re-elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

JOHNSTON.  THOMAS  J.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1836,  in 
Perry,  111.  He  was  judge  of  the  probate 
court;  and  a  member  of  the  Missouri  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1875. 

JOHNSTON,  WILLIAM  FREAME,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  March  29,  1808,  in  Greens- 
burg,  Va.  He  was  elected  governor  of 
Pennsyhania,  and  served  in  that  capaci 
ty  until  1852.  He  died  Oct.  30,  1872,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa. 

JOHNSTON,  WILLIAM  PRESTON,  sol 
dier,  educator,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  5,  1831,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 
He  is  an  educator  of  Louisiana;  and  pres 
ident  of  Tulane  university  since  1884.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  The 
Prototype  of  Hamlet. 

JOHNSTONE,  GEORGE,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  April  18,  1846,  in  Newberry,  S.  C. 
He  enlisted  in  the  confederate  army  as  a 
member  of  the  battalion  of  state  cadets 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  was  elected  to  the  South  Carolina  state 
legislature  at  a  special  election  in  1877. 
and  served  continuously  until  1884,  when 
he  declined  to  stand  for  re-election.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

JOHNSTONE,  JOB,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  June  7,  1793,  in  Fairfield  county,  S. 
C.  He  was  clerk  of  the  South  Carolina 
state  senate  in  1826-30,  and  at  the  latter 
date  was  elected  chancellor.  He  held 
office  until  1859,  when  he  became  associate 
justice  of  the  court  of  appeals.  He  died 
April  15,  1862,  in  Newberry,  S.  C. 

JOHONNOT,  JAMES,  educator,  author, 
was  born  March  3,  1823,  in  Bethel,  Vt.  He 
was  an  educator  of  Illinois  and  Missouri; 
and  the  author  of  Principles  and  Practice 
of  Teaching;  Glimpses  of  the  Animate 
World;  Book  of  Cats  and  Dogs;  Friends 
in  Feathers  and  Fur;  Some  Curious  Fly 
ers,  Creepers,  and  Swimmers;  School- 
houses;  and  Schoolhouse  Architecture. 
He  died  June  18,  1888,  in  Tarpon  Springs, 
Fla. 

JOINES,  HENRY  S.,  legislator,  was 
born  in  1843,  in  Lincoln  county,  Tenn.  He 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Idaho  house 
of  representathes  for  four  sessions,  and 
took  a  prominent  part  in  the  deliberations 
of  that  body.  He  is  a  successful  manufac 
turer  of  Mountain  Home,  Idaho. 

JOLLEY.  JOHN  L.,  soldier,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  July  14,  1840, 
in  Montreal,  Quebec.  In  1862  he  entered 
the  army  as  a  private,  and  was  mustered 
out  as  second  lieutenant  in  1865.  He  was 
eli  '-ted  a  member  of  the  Dakota  house  of 
representatives  in  1867,  and  re-elected  in 
1868.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Dakota 
territorial  council  in  1875  and  1881;  was 
elected  state  senator  in  1889,  and  re- 
elected  in  1890.  He  was  nominated  by 
the  republican  convention  at  Aberdeen, 
S.  D.,  Sept.  29,  1891,  for  member  of  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

JOLLY,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  law 
yer,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1843,  in  Brecken- 
ridge  county,  Ky.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Owensboro, 
Ky.;  and  during  1889-94  was  United 
States  attorney  for  the  district  of  Ken 
tucky. 


HERRINQSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


537 


JONAS,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  July  19.  1834,  in  Wil- 
liamstown,  Ky.  He  served  in  the  con 
federate  army  during  the  war  of  the  re 
bellion.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Louisiana  state  legislature  in  1865;  and 
was  elected  a  state  senator  in  1872.  He 
was  again  in  the  state  house  of  represen 
tatives  in  1876  and  1877.  He  was  elected 
a  senator  of  the  United  States  from 
Louisiana  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
1879. 

JONES,  ALEXANDER,  physician,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  1802,  in  North  Caro 
lina.  He  was  a  New  York  journalist  who 
was  a  physician  in  the  earlier  portion  of 
his  career;  and  the  author  of  Cuba  in 
1851;  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Electric 
Telegraph,  1852;  and  The  Cymri  of  Sev 
enty-Six.  He  died  Aug.  25.  1863,  in  New 
York  city. 

JONES,  ALEXANDER  H.,  merchant, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  July  21. 
1822,  in  Asheville,  N.  C.  He  was  re- 
elected  a  representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  fortieth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

JONES,  ALBERT  ELISHA,  merchant, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1842,  in  Weld, 
Maine.  In  1877  he  removed  to  Topeka, 
Kan.,  where  he  became  proprietor  of  the 
Oakland  Jersey  Stock  farm.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

JONES,  ALLEN,  soldier,  state  senator, 
•congressman,  was  born  in  1739,  in  Hali 
fax  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  revolutionary 
patriot;  and  was  chosen  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  Halifax  district  in  1776.  He  was 
•a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional  con- 
\ention  in  that  year:  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1779  and  1780; 
state  senator  from  1784  to  1787;  and  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  to  adopt  the  United 
States  constitution  which  he  advocated. 
He  died  Nov.  10.  1798,  in  Northampton 
county,  N.  C. 

JONES,  AMANDA  THEODOSIA,  educa 
tor,  inventor,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct. 
19,  1835,  in  East  Bloomfield,  N.  Y.  She  is 
an  educator  and  inventor  of  Chicago.  Her 
writings  in  verse  comprise  Ulah,  and  Oth 
er  Poems;  Atlantis;  and  A  Prairie  Myl. 
JONES,  AMOS  BLANCH,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1841,  in  Randolph, 
Va.  In  1878  he  was  president  of  Mecklen 
burg  Female  institute,  Jackson,  Tenn., 
but  resigned  in  1880  to  assume  charge  of 
the  Huntsville  Female  college. 

JONES,  ANSON,  president  of  Texas, 
was  born  Jan.  20,  1798,  in  Great  Barring- 
ton,  Mass.  He  raised  a  military  company, 
with  which  he  *was  engaged  in  the  battle 
of  San  Jacinto;  was  judge  advocate-gen 
eral;  and  in  1837  was  a  member  of  the 
Texas  congress.  He  was  minister  from 
Texas  to  the  United  States  government  in 
1837-39.  He  died  Jan.  8,  1858,  in  Houston, 
Texas. 

JONES,  ASAHEL  W.,  lawyer,  lieuten 
ant  governor,  was  born  Sept.  18.  1838,  in 
Johnstonville,  Ohio.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  com 
mon  and  academic 
schools,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1859.  Since  1864  he 
has  practiced  his 
profession  in 
Youngstown,  and  of 
late  years  has  con 
fined  himself  almost 
entirely  to  corpora 
tion  practice.  In  1874 
he  was  one  of  the  or 
ganizers  of  the  Sec 
ond  National  bank  of  Youngstown,  of 
which  he  is  a  director;  in  1877  he  was 


one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Dollar  Sav 
ings  and  Trust  company  of  Youngstown, 
and  has  since  been  interested  in  its  man 
agement.  He  has  also  been  interested  in 
various  iron  industries,  and  is  a  success 
ful  farmer  and  stock  raiser.  For  two 
years  he  was  prosecuting  attorney.  In 
1880  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
republican  convention;  and  has  often 
been  a  delegate  to  state  and  other  con 
tentions.  During  Governor  Foraker's 
two  terms  he  was  judge  advocate-general. 
In  1884  he  was  president  of  the  Ohio  State 
Bar  association;  and  in  1896  was  elected 
lieutenant  governor  of  Ohio. 

JONES,  AUGUSTINE,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1835,  in  South  China, 
Maine.  In  1879  he  entered  upon  his  pres 
ent  position  as  principal  of  the  Friends 
school  at  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  Peace  and  Ar 
bitration. 

JONES,  BENJAMIN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  moved  to  Ohio;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1833  to  1837. 

JONES,  BENJAMIN  C.,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  state  legislator,  was  born  in  1836, 
in  Graves  county,  Ky.  He  served  in  the 
confederate  service  during  the  ch  il  war 
as  captain  in  the  seventh  Missouri  caval 
ry.  In  1896  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  general  assembly  of  Missouri. 

JONES,  BENJAMIN  F.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  24,  1858,  in  Lawrence,  Kan.  For 
ten  years  he  was  a  captain  of  river  steam 
ers;  has  been  justice  of  the  peace  for  six 
years;  and  county  clerk  of  Lincoln  coun 
ty  for  three  terms.  He  has  served  two 
terms  as  mayor  of  Toledo,  Ore.,  where  he 
is  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law. 
.  JONES,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  man 
ufacturer,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1826,  in  Wash 
ington  county,  Pa.  In  1852  he  established 
thi!  American  Iron 
works  of  Pittsburg, 
and  subsequently 
purchased  the  Mo- 
nongahela  Iron 
works.  He  is  now 
the  senior  member  of 
Jones  and  Laughlin, 
|  which  has  an  aggre 
gate  capital  of  five 
million  dollars.  He 
has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of 
his  city  and  state;  is  president  of  the 
American  Iron  and  Steel  association;  and 
has  served  with  distinction  as  chairman 
of  the  republican  national  committee. 

JONES,  BENJAMIN  0.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1844,  in 
Graves  county,  Ky.  During  1874-76  he  was 
a  member  of  the  twenty-ninth  general  as 
sembly  of  Illinois;  in  1881-85  he  was 
state's  attorney  of  Massac  county,  111.; 
and  in  1890-94  was  county  judge  of  the 
same  county.  He  has  attained  promi 
nence  in  his  profession  of  law,  and  has 
a  large  practice  at  Metropolis,  111. 

JONES,  BURR  W.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  9,  1846,  in  Union, 
Wis.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  of 
Wisconsin  in  1872,  and  re-elected  in  1874. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Wisconsin  to  the  forty-eighth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

JONES.  CHARLES  A.,  lawyer,  poet, 
was  born  about  1805  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
His  first  articles,  a  series  of  satirical  ly 
rics,  appeared  in  the  Cincinnati  Gazette, 
under  the  title  of  Aristohaniana.  After 
studying  law  he  removed  to  Louisiana 
and  practiced  in  New  Orleans.  He  pub 
lished  The  Outlaw.  He  died  July  4,  1851, 
in  Mill  Creek,  Ohio. 


JONES,  CHARLES  COLCOCK,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1804,  in 
Georgia.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
of  Georgia;  and  the  author  of  Religious 
Instruction  for  Negroes;  and  History  of 
The  Church  of  God. 

JONES,  CHARLES  COLCOCK,  lawyer, 
archseologist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  28, 
1831,  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He  was  a  lawyer 
and  archaeologist  of  Augusta,  Ga. ;  and 
the  author  of  Ancient  Tumuli  in  Georgia; 
Antiquities  of  the  Southern  Indians;  The 
History  of  Georgia;  Negro  Myths  from 
the  Georgia  Coast;  Biographical  Sketches 
of  the  Delegates  from  Georgia  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress;  and  The  English  Col 
onization  of  Georgia.  He  died  in  1893. 

JONES,  CHARLES  H.,  journalist,  was 
born  March  7,  1848,  in  Talbottom,  Ga. 
In  1888  he  removed  to  St.  Louis  to  take 
charge  of  the  old  Missouri  Republican, 
now  known  as  the  St.  Louis  Republic, 
which,  under  his  management,  has  at 
tained  a  success  unprecedented  in  its  his 
tory. 

JONES,  CHARLES  W.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1834,  in  Ireland.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  state 
legislature  from  Escambia  county;  in 
1874  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Florida  for  the  term  ending  in  1881; 
and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1887. 

JONES.  DANIEL  MERRIMAN,  educa 
tor,  journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  31, 
1848,  in  Henderson  county,  N.  C.  He  at 
tended  the  Mills  Riv 
er  academy,  and  took 
a  full  course  in  Lat 
in,  Greek,  mathemat 
ics,  and  the  sciences. 
In  1872  he  began  ed 
ucational  work,  and 
taught  with  success 
in  Franklin  and 
Waynesville,  N.  C.; 
and  in  Williamson 
county,  Texas.  In 
1883  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar, 

and  has  since  made  a  success  of  his  pro 
fession  at  Anson,  Texas.  In  1883-84  he 
was  county  attorney;  and  has  since  filled 
^arious  positions  of  public  trust.  He  is 
the  owner  and  editor  of  The  Texas  West 
ern,  a  democratic  weekly  published  at 
Anson. 

JONES,  DANIEL  T.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Connecticut.  He  settled  in  New 
York;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1851  to 
1855. 

JONES.  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Sept.  16,  1699,  in  Fork  Neck,  L.  I. 
From  1758  till  1773  he  was  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  New  York.  He  died 
Oct.  11,  1775,  in  Fork  Neck,  N.  Y. 

JONES.  DAVID,  clergyman,  was  born 
May  12,  1736,  in  New  Castle  county,  Del. 
In  1776  he  entered  the  revolutionary  army 
as  chaplain  of  the  third  and  fourth  Penn 
sylvania  battalions,  and  on  Jan.  1,  1777, 
he  became  chaplain  of  General  Anthony 
Wayne,  with  whom  he  continued  until  the 
end"  cf  the  war.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1820,  in 
Chester  county,  Pa. 

JONES,  DAVID  RUMP,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1825,  in  South  Carolina.  In  1861 
he  entered  the  confederate  army,  where 
he  was  appointed  brigadier-general.  He 
died  March  8,  1863,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

JONES,  FLORENCE  AUGUSTA,  poet, 
was  born  in  August,  1861,  near  Madison, 
Wis.  She  is  the  author  of  several  poems; 
several  of  them  have  been  set  to  music, 
notably  that  of  Bylo  Land. 


538 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


JONES,  FRANCIS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1817  to  1823. 

JONES,  FRANCIS  WILEY,  electrician, 
inventor,  was  born  May  22,  1846,  in  Wey- 
mouth.  N.  S.  He  was  the  first  president  of 
the  New  York  Electrician  society.  Many 
of  his  inventions  are  used  by  telegraph 
companies  in  the  United  States  and  Can 
ada. 

JONES,  FRANK,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1832,  in  Barring- 
ton,  N.  H.  He  removed  to  Portsmouth  in 
the  same  state  in 
1849,  and  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits. 
He  was  elected  may 
or  of  Portsmouth  in 
1868,  and  re-elected 
in  1869.  He  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the 
forty-fourth  c  o  n  - 
gress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress.  He 
served  on  various  important  committees 
while  in  congress. 

JONES,  GARLAND  MORDECAI,  law 
yer,  was  born  June  14,  1873,  in  Abing- 
don,  Va.  He  attended  the  Emory  and 
Henry  college,  Virginia;  the  university 
of  Mississippi,  from  which  institution  he 
received  the  degrees  of  B.  A.,  LL.  B.;and 
subsequently  graduated  from  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  Washington  and  Lee  uni 
versity.  He  is  gaining  prominence  as  an 
attorney  of  West  Point,  Miss.,  where  he 
takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs 
of  his  county  and  state. 

JONES,  GEORGE,  United  States  sena 
tor.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Georgia  during  the  session  of  1807,  by 
appointment  of  the  governor. 

JONES,  GEORGE  S.,  soldier,  educator, 
journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  June  12, 
1840,  near  Jonesville,  Va.  During  the  civ 
il  war  he  served  nearly  three  years  in 
the  union  army;  was  wounded  in  action, 
captured  on  the  field  with  a  broken  leg, 
and  for  a  long  time  confined  in  the  Ander- 
sonville  war  prison.  He  served  one  term 
as  a  justice  of  the  peace;  founded  three 
newspapers;  and  taught  school  for  near 
ly  thirty  years.  In  1876  he  was  the  nomi 
nee  of  the  democratic  party  for  congress; 
and  served  in  the  United  States  pension 
office  at  Washington  under  President 
Cleveland's  first  administration.  In  1866 
he  began  the  study  of  law,  and  now  prac 
tices  his  profession  in  Manilla,  Ind.,  where 
he  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Rush 
County  Mail. 

JONES,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  congressman,  senator,  was  born 
March  15,  1806,  in  King  and  Queen  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  for 
three  years;  and  in  1834  a  justice  to  hold 
the  quorum  court  in  Lincoln  county.  In 
1835  and  1837  he  was  elected  to  the  Ten 
nessee  legislature;  and  in  1839  to  the 
state  senate.  In  1843  he  was  elected  a 
representative  to  congress,  and  was  for 
eight  consecutive  terms  re-elected. 

JONES,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1828,  in 
Marion  county,  Ala.  He  settled  at  Bas- 
trop,  Texas,  in  1848,  and  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  In  1856.  He  served  in  the 
confederate  army  until  1865,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  colonel.  He  was  elected  lieuten 
ant-governor  under  the  new  constitution, 
but  was  removed  by  the  military  authori 
ties.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Texas  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty- 
seventh  congresses.  He  died  July  6,  1883. 


JONES.  GEORGE  WALLACE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
April  12,  1804,  in  Vincennes,  Ind.  He 
served  as  an  aide-de-camp  to  General 
Henry  Dodge  in  the  Black  Hawk  war;  was 
chosen  colonel  of  militia  in  1832;  and 
subsequently  major-general.  In  1835  he 
was  elected  a  delegate  to  congress  from 
the  territory  of  Michigan,  and  served  two 
years;  and  in  1839  was  appointed  survey 
or-general  of  the  northwest.  In  1848  he 
was  elected  a  United  States  senator  from 
Iowa  for  six  years,  and  re-elected  in  1852 
for  six  years. 

JONES.  HORATIO,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  removed  to 
Missouri,  from  which  state  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  associate  judge  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Nevada. 
JONES,  HORATIO  GATES,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1822,  in  Roxbo- 
rough.  Pa.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia 
who  has  published  many  local  histories 
and  biographies,  among  the  latter  being 
Andrew  Bradford,  Founder  of  the  News 
paper  Press  in  the  Middle  States. 

JONES,  HUGH,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1669.  in  England.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman,  for  sixty-five  years 
rector  of  parishes  in  Virginia  and  Mary 
land.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Present 
State  of  Virginia,  a  work  much  valued  by 
collectors  of  colonial  literature.  He  died 
Sept.  8,  1760,  in  Cecil  county,  Md. 

JONES,  HUGH  BOLTON,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  20,  1848,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He 
was  elected  associate  of  the  National 
academy  in  1881.  and  member  in  1883.  His 
works  include  Tangier;  Return  of  the 
Cows;  Brittany;  October;  and  On  Her 
ring  Run,  Baltimore. 

JONES,  ISAAC  D.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1841  to  1843;  and  in  1867  was  elected 
attorney-general  of  Maryland. 

JONES,  ISAAC  EDGAR,  journalist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1850,  in  Liver 
pool,  England.  For  a  number  of  years 

he    was    editor    and 

proprietor  of  the  of 
ficial  city  paper  of 
Indianapolis,  Ind.; 
and  was  active  in  so 
cial,  benevolent,  po 
litical  and  literary 
circles.  He  is  now 
the  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Daily  Chroni 
cle  of  Muskegon, 
Mich.;  president  of 
the  International  So 
ciety  of  Writers;  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs 
of  his  city,  county  and  state.  He  has  con 
tributed  valuable  articles  to  current  liter 
ature;  and  his  poems  have  been  given  a 
place  in  Poets  of  America,  and  other 
standard  collections. 

JONES,  IRMA  THEODA-ANDREWS, 
philanthropist,  writer,  was  born  March 
11,  1845,  in  Victory,  N.  Y.  In  1885-88  she 
was  president  of  the 
Lansing  Woman's 
club;  in  1895-96  pres 
ident  of  the  Young 
Woman's  Christian 
association;  in  1895 
was  elected  president 
of  the  Michigan  State 
Federation  of  Wo 
men's  clubs;  and 
since  1878  has  been 
president  of  the 
Lansing  Industrial 
Aid  society.  For  three 
years  she  has  been  associate  of  the  Mid- 
Continent  Magazine;  and  has  contributed 
extensively  to  periodical  literature. 


JONES,  J.  H.,  soldier,  legislator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Alabama.  He  entered 
the  confederate  service  in  1861;  fought 
through  the  entire  war,  and  was  promoted 
to  colonel.  He  served  in  the  Mississippi 
state  legislature  from  Wilkinson  county 
in  1886  and  in  1888;  and  was  a  state  sena 
tor  from  1890  until  his  election  as  lieu 
tenant-governor.  He  is  the  author  of  the 
franchise  amendment  permitting  voters 
who  cannot  read  to  have  their  ballots 
marked  for  them. 

JONES,  J.  M.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He  was 
an  early  emigrant  to  California;  and  in 
1851  was  appointed  United  States  judge 
for  the  southern  district  of  California,  re 
siding  at  Los  Angeles. 

JONES,  JACOB,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  March,  1768,  near  Smyrna,  Del.  In 
1799  he  entered  the  United  States  navy 
as  a  midshipman;  and  was  promoted  to 
lieutenant  in  1801.  In  1810  he  was  pro 
moted  to  commander  and  subsequently  to 
commodore.  He  died  Aug.  3,  1850,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

JONES,  JAMES,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Amelia  county,  Va.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1819  to  1823. 

JONES,  JAMES,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Maryland.  He  was  often  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  Georgia;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1799  to  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1801, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

JONES,  JAMES,  physician,  journalist, 
was  born  Nov.  18,  1807,  in  Georgetown, 
D.  C.  He  removed  to  New  Orleans,  La.; 
was  editor  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal  of  that  city  in  1857-59,  and  was 
connected  with  the  university  of  Louis 
iana  from  1836  till  his  death.  He  died 
Oct.  10,  1873,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

JONES,  JAMES  ATHEARN,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  June  4,  1780,  in  Tisbury, 
Mass.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Philadel 
phia  and  elsewhere;  and  the  author  of 
Traditions  of  the  North  American  Indians; 
and  Haverhill,  a  novel.  He  died  in  Aug 
ust,  1853,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

JONES,  JAMES  CHAMBERLAIN,  leg 
islator,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
waS  born  April  20,  1809,  in  Davidson 
county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Tennessee  legislature  in  1839;  was  gov 
ernor  of  Tennessee  from  1841  to  1845, 
serving  two  terms;  and  was  presidential 
elector  in  1840  and  1848.  In  1851  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  Ten 
nessee,  serving  the  whole  of  his  term  of 
six  years.  He  died  Oct.  29,  1859,  in  Mem 
phis,  Tenn. 

JONES,  JAMES  H.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1830,  in  Shelby 
county,  Ala.  He  settled  in  Texas;  and 
served  in  the  confederate  army  during 
the  civil  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  colonel. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Tex 
as  to  the  forty-eighth  congress;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

JONES,  JAMES  KIMBROUGH,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1839,  in  Marshall 
county,  Miss.  He  sened  in  the  confeder 
ate  army.  He  removed  to  Arkansas;  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  1873;  and 
in  that  year  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  sen 
ate  when  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion  was  called  in  1874.  He  was  re-elected 
under  the  new  constitution,  and  was  pres 
ident  of  the  senate  in  1877.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Arkansas  to 
the  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses.  In  1885  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate;  and  was  re-elected 
In  1890  and  1897. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


539 


JONES,  JAMES  TAYLOR,  lawyer,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  in  1832,  in 
Richmond,  Va.  He  served  as  an  officer 
in  the  confederate  array  throughout  the 
civil  war.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1872 
and  1873.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Alabama  to  the  forty-fifth  con 
gress;  and  was  again  elected  to  congress 
in  1883  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  forty- 
eighth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

JONES,  JENKIN  LLOYD,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1843,  in  Wales. 
He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Chicago; 
editor  of  Unity  from  1880;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Practical  Piety;  and  The  Faith 
that  Makes  Faithful. 

JONES,  JOEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  25,  1795,  in  Coventry,  Conn. 
He  was  a  jurist  of  Philadelphia  who 
wrote  much  on  theological  topics,  and  was 
the  first  president  of  Girard  college.  He 
was  the  author  of  Manual  of  Pennsyl 
vania  Land  Law;  Jesus  and  the  Coming 
Glory;  and  Knowledge  of  One  Another  in 
a  Future  State.  He  died  Feb.  3,  1860,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

JONES,  JOHN,  educator,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  in  1729,  in  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 
He  was  professor  of  surgery  in  King's  col 
lege  from  1767  till  1776,  and  one  of  the 
two  original  founders  of  the  New  York 
hospital.  He  died  June  23,  1791,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

JONES,  JOHN  BEAUCHAMP,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1810,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  the  author  of  A  Rebel 
War  Clerk's  Diary;  Wild  Western  Scenes; 
Border  War;  Love  and  Money;  Life  and 
Adventures  of  a  Country  Merchant;  War 
Path;  Freaks  of  Fortune;  and  The  Ri 
val  Belles.  He  died  in  1866. 

JONES,  JOHN  CLANCY,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1811,  at  Cones- 
toga  River,  Pa.  While  deputy  attorney- 
general  of  the  state  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  serving  from  1850  to  1858.  He  was 
the  author,  in  the  house,  of  the  bill  cre 
ating  the  court  of  claims,  when  a  member 
of  the  committee  on  claims.  He  died 
March  24,  1877,  in  Pennsylvania. 

JONES,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  13,  1824,  in  Burke  county, 
Ga.  He  was  a  representative  from  Geor 
gia  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

JONES,  JOHN  MATHER,  merchant, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  June  9,  1826, 
in  North  Wales.  After  the  close  of  the 
civil  war  he  founded  the  Welsh  town  of 
New  Cambria,  Mo.;  and  in  1869  bought  a 
large  tract  of  land  in  Osage  county,  Kan., 
where  he  founded  the  town  of  Avonia.  He 
died  Dec.  21,  1874,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

JONES,  JOHN  PAUL,  naval  officer,  was 
born  July  6,  1747,  in  Scotland.  He  was  a 
son  of  John  Paul,  and  subsequently 
added  the  name  of 
Jones.  He  settled  in 
Virginia  in  his  boy 
hood;  entered  the 
American  navy  in 
1775;  and  was  a 
commodore  '  during 
the  revolutionary 
war.  He  was  an  in 
trepid  and  daring  of 
ficer;  and  was  after 
ward  rear-admiral  in 
the  Russian  service. 
He  died  July  18, 

1792,  in  Paris,  France.  He  received  a 
vote  of  thanks  from  congress  for  his  im 
portant  services. 


JONES,  JOHN  PERCIVAL,  farmer, 
state  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1830,  in  Wales.  He  served  in 
both  houses  of  the  California  state  as 
sembly.  He  went  to  Nevada  in  1867;  and 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
for  the  term  commencing  in  1873;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1879,  1885,  1890,  and 
1897.  His  last  term  expires  in  1903. 

JONES,  JOHN  PRINGLE,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  author,  was  born  in  1812,  near  New 
ton,  Pa.  Under  the  elective  judiciary 
system  of  1851  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  Berks  county,  Pa.,  courts  for  the 
term  of  ten  years.  He  was  the  author  of 
Eulogy  on  A.  Laussat;  and  volumes  eleven 
and  twelve  of  Pennsylvania  State  Reports. 
He  died  March  16,  1874,  in  England. 

JONES,  JOHN  RICHTER,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1803,  in  Sa 
lem,  N.  J.  In  1836  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  judges  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  of  Philadelphia  county,  which  post 
he  held  until  1847.  He  died  May  23,  1863, 
near  New  Berne,  N.  C. 

JONES,  JOHN  SILLS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1836,  near 
St.  Paris,  Ohio.  He  served  through  the 
civil  war,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieu 
tenant,  captain,  and  was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general  for  gallantry.  In  1866  he  was 
mayor  of  Delaware,  Ohio;  was  prosecut 
ing  attorney  in  1868-70;  was  twice  elected' 
to  the  general  assembly  of  the  Ohio  state 
legislature;  and  served  as  a  member  of 
the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

JONES,  JOHN  W.,  physician,  educator, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  14,  1806,  in  Rock  Creek,  Md.  In 
1840  he  was  elected  to  the  Georgia  legis 
lature;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1847  to  1849.  He 
was  appointed  a  medical  professor  in  the 
Atlantic  Medical  college.  He  died  in  1872, 
in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

JONES,  JOHN  WINSTON,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1791,  in  Chester 
field,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1835  to  1845; 
and  was  speaker  of  the  house  of  represen 
tatives  during  the  twenty-eighth  con 
gress.  He  died  Jan.  29,  1848. 

JONES,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1727,  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  Virginia  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1777  to  1778,  and  again  from 
1780  to  1783.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1805,  in 
Virginia. 

JONES,  JOSEPH,  educator,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1833,  in  Sum- 
merville,  Ga.  He  is  a  physician,  and  pro 
fessor  in  Tulane  university,  New  Orleans, 
since  1869.  Among  his  writings  are,  San 
itary  Memoirs  of  the  War  of  the  Rebel 
lion;  Surgical  Memoirs  of  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion;  Hospital  Construction  and  Or 
ganization;  and  Medical  and  Surgical  Me 
moirs. 

JONES,  JOSEPH  HUNTINGTON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1797, 
in  Coventry,  Conn.  He  was  a  presbyte- 
rian  clergyman  of  Philadelphia;  and  the 
author  of  The  Effects  of  Physical  Causes 
on  Christian  Experience;  Life  of  Ashbel 
Greeh ;  and  Revival  of  Religion.  He  died 
Dec.  22,  1868,  in  Coventry,  Conn. 

JONES,  JOSEPH  JEROME,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  April  3,  1864,  near  Cow- 
den,  111.  He  attended  the  high  school  of 
Shelby ville,  111.;  and  for  three  years 
studied  in  the  Northern  Indiana  Normal 
school  of  Valparaiso;  graduating  in  the 
scientific  course  in  1887.  For  many  years 
he  was  engaged  in  educational  work  in 
the  public  schools  of  Illinois;  and  now 
practices  his  profession  in  Coalville,  Utah. 


JONES,  JOSEPH  RUSSEL,  merchant, 
was  born  Feb.  17,  1823,  in  Conneaut,  Ohio. 
In  1860  he  was  elected  as  a  republican  to 
the  general  assembly  from  the  counties  of 
Jo  Daviess  and  Carroll.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  United  States  marshal  for  the 
northern  district  of  Illinois.  He  organized 
the  Chicago  West  Division  Railway  Co.  in 
1863,  and  was  elected  its  president.  He 
retired  practically  from  business  in  1888, 
but  is  yet  a  director  of  the  Chicago  and 
the  Central  Union  Telephone  Co's  and 
the  Central  Music  Hall  Co.,  and  president 
of  the  Northwestern  Horse  Nail  Manufac 
turing  Co. 

JONES,  JOSEPH  SEAWELL,  author, 
was  born  about  1811,  probably  in  North 
Carolina.  He  was  a  southern  writer  who 
published  Defense  of  the  Revolutionary 
History  of  North  Carolina;  and  Memo 
rials  of  North  Carolina.  He  died  in  1855. 

JONES,  JOSEPH  STEVENS,  author, 
was  born  in  1811.  He  was  an  extremely 
prolific  playwright  of  Boston,  among 
whose  best  known  productions  are,  Solon 
Shingle;  Eugene  Aram;  The  Silver 
Spoon;  The  Liberty  Tree;  and  Moll  Pit 
cher.  He  died  Dec.  30,  1877,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

JONES,  LEONARD  AUGUSTUS,  law 
yer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  13, 
1832,  in  Tampleton,  Mass.  He  is  a  lawyer 
of  Boston;  editor  of  the  American  Law 
Register;  and  the  author  of  Personal 
Property;  The  Law  of  Mortgages  of  Real 
Property;  On  The  Law  of  Pledges; 
Pledges  and  Collateral  Securities;  Corpo 
rate  Bonds  and  Mortgages;  Chattel  Mort 
gages;  Liens;  Real  Estate  in  Convey 
ancing;  and  Forms  in  Conveyancing. 

JONES,  MORGAN,  machinist,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1832,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress. 

JONES,  NATHANIEL,  congressman, 
state  senator.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  in  1827  and  1828;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1837  to  1841.  He  was  a 
state  senator  in  1852  and  1853;  and  also 
held  the  offices  of  surveyor-general  of  the 
state,  and  canal  commissioner.  He  died 
July  21,  1866,  in  Newburg,  N.  Y. 

JONES,  OPHELIA  COOK,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1849,  in  Browns 
ville,  Miss.  For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a 
century  she  has  been  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work.  Mrs.  Jones  is  the  author  of 
the  poem,  What  My  Lover  Said,  which  has 
been  attributed  to  several  national  poets. 
She  is  the  author  of  numerous  beautiful 
poems,  some  of  which  were  published  in 
Poets  of  America,  and  other  standard 
works. 

JONES,  NOBLE  WIMBERLY,  physi 
cian,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1724,  near  London,  England.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Georgia  assembly  in 
1761,  and  subsequently,  being  several 
times  speaker;  and  was  speaker  of  the 
first  Georgia  legislature.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  continental  congress  from  1775 
to  1776,  and  from  1781  to  1783.  He  was 
president  of  the  convention  which  re 
vised  the  state  constitution  in  1795.  He 
died  Jan.  9,  1805,  in  Savannah. 

JONES,  OBADIAH,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  appointed  in  1805  United  States  judge 
for  the  territory  of  Mississippi;  served  one 
year  as  territorial  judge  for  Illinois  in 
1809;  and  was  reappointed  to  the  same 
position  in  Mississippi  in  1810.  When  the 
state  government  was  established  he  was 
appointed  United  States  judge  for  that 
district  but  only  held  the  office  a  short 
time. 


540 


HERR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


JONES,  OWEN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  thirty-fifth  congress 
from  his  native  state. 

JONES,  PHINEAS,  manufacturer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  torn  April 
18,  1819,  in  Spencer,  Mass.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1874 
and  1875;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty-seventh 
congress  as  a  republican. 

JONES,  ROLAND,  congressman,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  thirty- 
third  congress. 

JONES,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  July  26,  1734.  He  was  chief  justice 
of  New  York,  and  called  the  father  of  the 
New  York  bar.  He  died  Nov.  21,  1819,  in 
Westneck,  N.  Y. 

JONES,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  May  26,  1769.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  in  1812-14; 
recorder  of  New  York  city  in  1823;  chan 
cellor  of  the  state  in  1826-28;  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  superior  court  of  New  York 
city  in  1828-47;  and  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  in  1847-49.  He  died  Aug. 
9,  1853,  in  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y. 

JONES,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1820,  in  Virginia.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war,  and  received  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  died  July  31,  1887,  in  Bed 
ford  Springs,  Va. 

JONES.  SAMUEL  PORTER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1847,  in  Cham 
bers  county,  Ala.  He  is  a  noted  and  ec 
centric  revival  preacher;  and  the  author 
of  Sam  Jones's  Sermons;  Music  Hall 
Sermons;  and  Sam  Jones's  Own  Book. 

JONES,  SEABORN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1788,  in  Augusta,  Ga. 
He  was  made  solicitor-general  of  the  state 
in  1823;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1833  to  1835.  and 
from  1845  to  1847.  He  died  in  1874,  in 
Columbus,  Ga. 

JONES,  THOMAS  GOODE,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Nov. 
26,  1844.  in  Macon,  Ga.  He  served  as  a 
soldier  in  the  confederate  service,  and 
was  promoted  to  aide-de-camp.  In  1866  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar;  became  editor 
of  the  Daily  Picayune  of  Montgomery; 
and  during  1870-80  was  reporter  of  decis 
ions  of  the  supreme  court  of  Alabama. 
In  1875-85  he  was  alderman  in  the  city 
of  Montgomery;  in  1884-87  was  a  member 
of  the  Alabama  general  assembly;  and 
speaker  of  the  house  during  his  latter 
term.  In  1890  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Alabama;  served  with  distinction,  and  re 
ceived  the  re-election  in  1892.  He  is  the 
author  of  Code  of  Ethics,  adopted  by  the 
Alabama  State  Bar  association;  author  of 
the  law  regulating  the  employment  of 
state  troops  in  enforcement  of  the  law; 
and  has  been  prominently  identified  with 
the  history,  growth  and  prosperity  of  the 
state  cf  Alabama. 

JONES,  THOMAS  l.AURENS,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1819,  in 
Rutherford  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  general  assembly  of  Kentucky 
in  1853  and  1854.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

JONKS.  W.  A.,  educator,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1844. 
in  Wales.  He  was  county  superintendent 
of  schools  for  four  years;  has  been  may 
or  of  Mineral  Point,  Wis.;  and  in  1896 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin 
state  legislature.  In  1897  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  commissioner  of  In 
dian  affairs. 


JONES,  WALTER,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1745,  i.i  Virginia.  In 
1777  he  was  appointed  by  congress  physi 
cian-general  of  the  hospital  in  the  middle 
department.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Virginia  from  1797  to  1799, 
and  again  from  1803  to  1811.  He  died 
Dec.  31,  1815,  in  Westmoreland  county, 
Va. 

JONES,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  governor, 
merchant,  state  legislator,  was  born  in 
1754.  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  entered  the 
army  in  1775  as  a  captain  in  Colonel  Lip- 
pitt's  Rhode  Island  regiment.  For  several 
years  he  was  a  representative  from  Provi 
dence  in  the  assembly,  and  also  speaker 
of  that  body.  He  was  governor  of  Rhode 
Island  from  1811  to  1817.  He  died  April 
9,  1822,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

JONES.  WILLIAM,  soldier,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1760,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1801  to 
1803.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1831,  in  Bethle 
hem,  Pa. 

JONES,  WILLIAM  ALFRED,  critic,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  26,  1817,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  critic  and  essayist  of  Nor 
wich.  Conn.;  and  the  author  of  The 
Analyst;  Essays  upon  Authors  and 
Books;  Characters  and  Criticisms;  and 
Literary  Studies. 

JONES,  WILLIAM  ATKINSON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  21,  1849,  in 
Warsaw,  Va.  He  entered  the  Virginia 
Military  institute, 
where  he  remained 
until  the  evacuation 
of  Richmond,  serving 
as  occasion  required 
with  the  cadets  in 
the  defense  of  that 
city.  He  entered  the 
academic  department 
of  the  university  of 
Virginia,  from  which 
institution  he  was 
graduated  with  the 
degree  of  B.  L.  in 
1870.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
July,  1870,  and  has  continued  to  practice 
law  since;  was  a  delegate  at  large  from 
his  state  to  the  national  democratic  con 
vention  in  1896;  and  was  chairman  of  the 
Virginia  delegation  in  that  body.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  and 
fifty-fourth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

JONES,  WILLIAM  CAREY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  5,  1855,  in 
Remsen,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the 
office  cf  attorney-general  of  the  state  of 
Washington  upon  the  admission  of  the 
state  into  the  union  in  1889,  and  again  in 
1892.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  free  silver  republican. 

JONES,  WILLIAM  CASWELL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  !.">. 
1848,  in  Hutsonville,  111.  His  father  was 
Caswell  Jones,  a  mer 
chant  and  beloved 
citizen  who  died 
when  the  son  was  in 
his  fifth  year.  He 
received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public 
schools;  spent  three 
years  at  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  university 
of  Delaware;  and 
graduated  from  the 
law  school  of  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.  In  1868  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar;  and  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  twenty-seventh  general 


assembly  of  Illinois  in  1871  and  1872.  In 
1877  he  was  elected  county  judge  of  his 
county:  was  elected  to  the  circuit  bench 
in  1879;  and  re-elected  circuit  judge  in 
1885,  his  term  expiring  in  1891.  He  im 
mediately  returned  to  the  practice  of  law 
in  Robinson,  111.,  and  has  a  large  prac 
tice.  He  is  one  of  the  authors  of  a  stand 
ard  work  entitled  Jones  and  Cunning 
ham's  Practice  in  County  Courts  in  Illi 
nois,  a  second  edition  of  which  was  pub 
lished  in  1893.  He  has  written  exten 
sively  both  prose  and  verse  for  current 
periodicals  and  magazines;  and  is  the 
author  of  Birch-Rod  Days,  and  Other  Po 
ems,  published  by  the  American  Publish 
ers'  association.  He  is  also  the  author  of 
Elements  and  Science  of  English  Versi 
fication,  a  most  valuable  work  destined  to 
become  a  standard  work  on  that  subject. 
Judge  Jones  has  been  a  successful  busi 
ness  man  and  financier;  is  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Robinson  bank;  and  is  also 
extensively  engaged  in  farming  and  stock 
raising. 

JONES.  WILLIAM  EDMONDSON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  May,  1824,  near  Glade 
Spring,  Va.  He  entered  the  confederate 
army  as  captain  in  1861;  and  was  made 
major-general  in  1863.  He  died  June  5, 
1864,  near  New  Hope,  Va. 

JONES,  WILLIAM  G.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  a  judge  of  the  United  States  court 
for  the  district  of  Alabama. 

JONES,  WILLIAM  LUCIUS,  journalist, 
was  born  June  7,  1859,  in  Lebanon,  111. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Jour 
nal  of  Lebanon,  111.;  and  president  of  the 
Sovithern  Illinois  Press  association  in 
1891. 

JONES,  WILLIAM  PALMER,  educator, 
journalist,  physician,  state  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  17,  1819,  in  Adair  county,  Ky. 
He  aided  in  founding  Shelby  Medical  col 
lege  in  1858,  and  filled  its  chair  of  .materia 
medica,  and  in  1876  became  president  of 
Nashville  Medical  college  in  Tennessee, 
and  professor  of  psychological  medicine 
and  mental  hygiene.  As  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  he  introduced  the  public 
school  law,  which  provides  equal  educa 
tional  advantages  for  children  of  all 
races. 

JONES,  WILLIAM  T..  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1842,  in  Corydon,  Ind.  He  served  in  the 
army  as  lieutenant,  captain  and  major  of 
the  seventeenth  Indiana  volunteers;  and 
was  appointed  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Wyoming  in  1869.  He  was 
elected  a  delegate  from  Wyoming  territory 
to  the  forty-second  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

JONES.  WILLIE,  patriot,  was  born  in 
1731  in  Halifax,  N.  C.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  continental  congress  in  1780 
and  1781  from  North  Carolina.  He  died 
in  1801  near  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

JORDAN,  AMBROSE  LATTING,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  in  1791 
in  Hillsdale,  N.  Y.  He  attained  emi 
nence  as  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city; 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly;  a  state 
senator;  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals; 
and  attorney  general  of  the  state.  He 
died  July  16,  1865,  in  New  York  city. 

JORDAN,  CHARLES  E.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Sept.  28,  1865,  in  Palmyra,  N.  Y.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Palmyra 
Union  school,  and  the  Union  university. 
In  1887  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the 
state  of  New  York;  and  has  since  been 
actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law. 
He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ala 
bama,  and  has  a  large  practice  at  Flor 
ence. 


HERRINOSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


541 


JORDAN,  MRS.  CORNELIA  JANE 
[MATTHEWS],  author,  poet,  was  born 
Jan.  11,  1830,  in  Lynchburg,  Va.  She  is 
a  Virginia  poet  whose  volume,  Corinth, 
and  Other  Poems  of  the  War,  was  pub 
licly  burnt  on  its  appearance  in  1865,  by 
order  of  Gen.  Terry,  as  an  objectionable 
and  incendiary  publication.  Her  other 
works  are.  Flowers  of  Hope  and  Memory; 
Christmas  Poem  for  Children;  Richmond, 
her  Glory  and  her  Graves;  and  Useful 
Maxims  for  a  Noble  Life. 

JORDAN,  DAVID  STARR,  educator, 
naturalist,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  19,  1851,  in  Gainesville,  N.  Y. 
In  1872  he  graduated  from  Cornell  uni 
versity;  was  president  of  the  university 
of  Indiana  during  1884-91;  and  since  1891 
has  been  president  of  the  Leland  Stan 
ford  Junior  university.  In  1896-97  he  was 
commissioner  in  charge  cf  the  fur  seal 
investigations.  Since  1896  he  has  also 
been  president  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences.  He  is  a  noted  naturalist; 
and  has  published  numerous  scientific  pa 
pers  and  monographs.  He  is  the  author 
of  A  Manual  of  the  Vertebrate  Animals  of 
the  Northern  United  States;  Scientific 
Sketches;  Contributions  to  American  Ich 
thyology;  and  The  Factors  in  Organic 
Evolution. 

JORDAN,  MRS.  DULCIE  [MASON], 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  in  1835  in 
New  York.  She  is  a  journalist  and  poet 
of  Richmond,  Ind.,  who  has  published 
Rosemary  Leaves,  a  volume  of  poems. 

JORDAN,  ISAAC  M.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  5,  1835,  in  Union 
county,  Pa.  He  was  nominated  by  accla 
mation,  and  elected  a  representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

JORDAN,  JAMES  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1842,  in  Wood 
stock,  Va.  He  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 
union  army  during  the  civil  war;  has 
been  state's  attorney;  and  is  now  a  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Indiana. 

JORDAN,  JAMES  JOSEPH,  journalist, 
was  born  Oct.  5,  1856,  in  Archbald,  Pa. 
He  was  identified  with  educational  work 
early  in  life;  and  in  1S78  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Archbald  school  board.  In 
1882  he  founded  the  Archbald  Truth;  and 
subsequently  moved  to  Scranton,  Pa., 
where  a  wider  field  was  to  be  obtained; 
and  continued  the  publication  under  the 
name  of  The  Scranton  Truth,  an  inde 
pendent  daily  newspaper,  which  has 
achieved  remarkable  success  in  winning  a 
national  reputation,  and  conceded  to  be 
the  leading  paper  in  the  Keystone  state. 
Mr.  Jordan  has  been  eminently  successful 
in  journalism;  and  is  one  of  the  foremost 
men  of  Pennsylvania. 

JORDAN,  JOHN,  antiquarian,  was  born 
May  8,  1808,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is 
one  of  the  oldest  surviving  members  of 
the  Historical  society  of  Pennsylvania. 

JORDAN,  JOHN  WOOLF,  antiquarian, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1840,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  anti 
quarian,  editor  of  the  Pennsylvania  Mag 
azine  of  History;  and  the  author  of 
Friedensthal  and  its  Stockaded  Mill;  A 
Red  Rose  from  the  Olden  Time;  Some 
thing  about  Trombones;  and  Occupation 
of  New  York  by  the  British. 

JORDAN,  M.  S.,  clergyman,  was  born 
Jan.  14,  1855,  in  Alabama.  He  received 
his  education  in  Montgomery,  Ala.;  and 
is  now  a  successful  clergyman  at  Colum 
bus,  Texas.  He  has  filled  important  offices 
in  various  secret  orders,  and  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  religious  and  educational 
affairs. 


JORDAN,  RICHARD  FRANCIS,  law 
yer,  was  born  March  19,  1856,  in  Glens 
Falls,  N.  Y.  In  1879  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar;  became  city  attorney  and  soli 
citor  of  Boone,  Iowa,  which  position  he 
filled  for  nine  years;  was  president  of 
the  school  board  for  three  years;  and  a 
member  of  the  public  library  board  for 
ten  years.  His  practice  covers  several 
counties;  and  he  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  all  the  important  litigated  cases 
in  his  part  of  the  state. 

JORDAN,  THOMAS,  soldier,  journalist, 
author,  was  bcrn  Sept.  30,  1819,  in  Luray 
Valley,  Va.  He  was  a  confederate  of 
ficer;  and  the  editor  of  The  Mining  Rec 
ord.  He  is  the  author  of  The  South,  its 
Products,  Commerce,  and  Resources;  and 
Campaigns  of  Lieutenant-General  For 
rest. 

JORDAN,  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1820,  in  Bel- 
ford  county,  Pa.  In  1855  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  senate.  He 
has  been  president  and  general  counsel  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Telephone  company 
since  its  organization  in  1882. 

JORGENSON,  JOSEPH,  surgeon,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
11,  1844,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  an 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States 
army  from  1865  to  1868.  He  settled  in 
Virginia;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature  in  1871.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  republican. 

JOSEPH,  ANTONIO,  merchant,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  25,  1846,  in  Taos,  N.  M.  He  was 
county  judge  of  Taos 
county,  N.  M.,  for  six 
years;  and  was  a 
representative  in  the 
territorial  legisla 
ture  for  six  years.  He 
was  a  senator  in  the 
territorial  legisla 
ture  when  elected 
a  delegate  from  New 
Mexico  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the 
fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fif 
ty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

JOSLIN,  THEODORE  MERRILLS,  ed 
ucator,  lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1869,  in 
Woodstock,  Mich.  He  finished  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Michigan  State  Normal  school; 
for  several  years  was  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work;  and  then  was  in  the  rail 
way  mail  service.  He  was  subsequently 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Adrian,  Mich. 

JOSLIN.   THOMAS  JEFFERSON,   cler 
gyman,  was  born  April  29,  1829,  in  Cohoc- 
ton,   N.   Y.     In   1844   he  moved   with  his 
parents  to  Michigan. 
He  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of     the     Detroit 
annual   conference  of 
themethodist  episco- 

•  ~~f^U  Pal    church   for   half 

JL  A  a  century;  has  filled 

important  pastor 
ates;  served  three 
full  terms  as  presid 
ing  elder;  one  term  as 
a  delegate  to  the  gen 
eral  conference  at 
Philadelphia:  and 
one  term  as  regent  of  the  university  of 
Michigan.  He  is  still  doing  effective 
work,  and  has  gained  special  prominence 
throughout  Michigan  by  his  Addresses, 
Orations,  and  Dedications,  for  which  oc 
casions  he  is  in  con-stant  demand. 


JOSSELYN,  WARREN  B.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Aug.  9,  1863,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
He  attended  the  university  of  California; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and  has  at 
tained  success  in  the  profession  of  law 
in  his  native  state  at  Santa  Cruz,  where 
he  takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

JOUETT,  MATTHEW  HARRIS,  soldier, 
artist,  was  bcrn  April  22,  1788.  in 
Mercer  county,  Ky.  He  enlisted  in 
the  war  of  1812  as  lieutenant  of 
the  twenty-eighth  infantry,  serving  in 
the  northwest,  and  was  appointed  cap 
tain.  He  painted  more  than  three  hun 
dred  portraits,  among  which  one  of  La 
fayette  was  ordered  by  the  legislature  of 
the  lower  house  of  congress  of  Kentucky. 

JOUIN,  LOUIS,  educator,  author,  was 
born  June  14,  1818,  in  Prussia.  He  is  a 
Jesuit  educator  of  note,  professor  at  St. 
John's  college,  Fordham;  and  the  author 
of  Elementa  Philosophise  Moralis;  Com 
pendium  Logica?  et  Metaphysicae;  and 
Evidences  of  Religion. 

JOY,  CHARLES  ARAD,  journalist, 
scholar,  chemist,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1823,  in 
Ludlowville,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  two  years 
editor  of  the  Scientific  American;  and  also 
editor  of  all  chemical  articles  in  Apple- 
ton's  New  American  Cyclopedia.  He  died 
May  29,  1891,  in  Stockbridge,  Mass. 

JOY,     CHARLES     FREDERICK,     con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1849,  in  Mor 
gan  county,   111.     He  graduated   with   the 
degree  of  bachelor  of 
arts  June   25,     1874; 
engaged  in  the  prac 
tice   of     law   in     St. 
Louis   in   September, 
1876,  and  since  that 
time      has      devoted 
himself      exclusively 
to  his  profession.  He 
was    elected    to    the 
fifty-third      congress 
as  a  republican,  but 
was      unseated       on 
contest   in   favor     of 
John  J.  O'Neill,  his  democratic  opponent, 
April  3,  1894.    He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as   a  republican. 

JOY,  EDMUND  L.,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1835,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  After  graduating  from  the 
university  of  Ro 
chester,  he  studied 
law  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  of  New 
York  in  1857.  The 
same  year  he  moved 
to  Ottumwa.  Iowa; 
and  in  1860  was  ap 
pointed  city  attor 
ney.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served 
as  captain  in  the 
thirty-sixth  Iowa  in 
fantry;  and  in  1864 
was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  major 
and  judge  advocate  of  the  United  States 
volunteers,  and  assigned  to  the  seventh 
army  corps.  After  the  war  he  settled  in 
Newark,  N.  J.,  and  engaged  in  business. 
In  1871  he  was  elected  to  the  New  Jersey 
legislature,  and  was  re-elected  the  follow 
ing  year.  He  was  president  of  the  New 
ark  board  of  trade  in  1875-76;  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Newark  board  of  education  in 
1885-87.  In  1880  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
republican  national  convention;  and  in 
1884  was  appointed  by  President  Arthur  a 
government  director  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad  company.  He  died  Feb.  14,  1892. 
His  son,  Edmund  S.  Joy,  is  a  noted  lawyer 
of  Newark,  N.  J. 


542 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


JOY,  JAMES  F.,  lawyer,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1810,  in  Durham, 
X.    H.     In   1846   he   entered    the   railway 
service   as     attorney 
and   general   counsel 
of  the  Michigan  Cen- 

rl  tral  railroad.  He  was 
I  subsequently  con- 
nected  with  the  Illi- 
nois  Central  rail- 
road;  organized  the 
Chicago,  Burlington 
and  Quincy  railroad, 
and  was  for  many 
years  at  its  head.  In 
1867  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Mich 
igan  Central  railroad;  was  for  sev 
eral  years  president  of  the  Wabash,  St. 
Louis  and  Pacific  railway;  and  is  now 
president  and  treasurer  of  the  Detroit 
Union  Railway  Depot  and  Station  com 
pany  at  Detroit,  Mich. 

JOY,  JOHN  BACHELDER,  farmer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1848,  In  Mor 
gan  county,  111.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  High  school  of  Jacksonville, 
111.,  and  is  now  a  successful  farmer  and 
stock-raiser  of  Concord.  He  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  fortieth 
general  assembly  of  the  Illinois  state  leg 
islature;  is  prominent  in  religious  circles, 
and  vice-president  of  the  State  Sunday 
School  association. 

JOY,  THOMAS,  colonist,  was  born  in 
1610  in  Norfolk  county,  England.  He 
came  to  America  in  1635  and  settled  in 
Boston,  where  he  owned  much  land  on 
which  historic  edifices  have  been  built, 
such  as  the  mansions  of  Governor  Hutch- 
inson  and  Sir  Charles  Henry  Frankland, 
the  home  of  Paul  Revere  and  Faneuil 
Hall.  He  purchased  large  tracts  from 
Indians  in  Maine  and  the  interior  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  and  possessed  many  acres  in 
Hingham  and  Lynn.  He  was  an  archi 
tect  and  builder,  and  constructed  resi 
dences,  wharves,  bridges  and  warehouses 
in  Boston,  Cnarlestown  and  Brookline. 
He  was  a  signer  of  the  remonstrance  and 
petition  of  1646,  which  was  a  prayer  for 
the  extension  of  the  right  of  suffrage 
amons  the  colonists  of  Massachusetts 
bay.  In  1657  he  was  entrusted  with  the 
construction  of  the  town  house  of  Boston, 
the  most  important  public  work  up  to  that 
time  undertaken  in  New  England.  He  be 
came  a  freeman  in  1665;  was  held  for 
trial  in  1676  for  reproaching  the  authori 
ties  of  the  country  during  King  Philip's 
war;  and  in  1658  was  a  member  of  the 
Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  com 
pany.  He  died  Oct.  21,  1678. 

JOYCE,  CHARLES  HERBERT,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  30, 
1830,  in  Andover,  England.  He  was  state 
librarian  of  Vermont  in  1855  and  1856; 
and  county  attorney  in  1856  and  1857. 
He  was  commissioned  major  of  second 
Vermont  infantry  in  1861,  and  promoted 
to  lieutenant-colonel  in  1802.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  in  1869,  1870 
and  1871;  and  was  speaker  during  the  lat 
ter  term.  He  was  elected  a  representa- 
the  from  Vermont  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress;  and  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  r<  publican. 

JOYCE,  ROBERT  DWYER,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1836  in  Ireland. 
He  was  an  Irish  journalist  who  came  to 
America  in  1866  and  settled  in  Boston.  He 
was  the  author  of  Ballads,  Romances  and 
Songs;  Deirdre,  a  Poem;  Ballads  of  Irish 
Chivalry;  Irish  Fireside  Tales;  Legends 
on  the  Wars  in  Ireland;  Blanid;  and  The 
Squire  of  Castleton,  an  historical  novel. 
He  died  in  1883. 


JOYNES,  EDWARD  SOUTHEY,  soldier, 
educator,  author,  was  born  March  2,  1834, 
in  Accomac  county,  Va.  He  was  in  the 
confederate  civil  service  during  the  late 
war.  In  1883  he  accepted  the  chair  of 
modern  languages  in  South  Carolina  col 
lege.  Columbia,  S.  C.  He  is  the  editor 
of  the  Joynes-Otto  series  of  text-books, 
in  French  and  German,  and  also  of  clas 
sic  French  plays. 

JUDD,  BETHEL,  college  president,  was 
born  about  1776  in  Watertown.  Conn.  In 
1807  he  was  elected  president  of  St.  John's 
college,  from  which  he  retired  in  1812. 

JUDD,  CHARLES  PRATT,  soldier,  po 
et,  was  born  March  27,  1840,  in  Jackson 
ville,  111.  He  served  during  the  civil  war 
in  company  K,  se\enteenth  Illinois  vol 
unteer  infantry;  took  part  in  three  en 
gagements;  and  was  badly  wounded  at 
Shiloh.  He  is  the  author  of  a  song  book 
and  a  volume  of  poems. 

JUDD,  DAVID  WRIGHT,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  state  legislator,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  1,  1838,  in  Lockport,  N.  Y.  During 
the  civil  war  he  enlisted  as  a  private, 
and  received  a  captain's  commission  be 
fore  he  resigned.  He  was  elected  as  a  re 
publican  to  the  New  York  legislature  in 
1871.  He  was  the  author  of  Two  Years' 
Campaigning  in  Virginia  and  Maryland, 
and  edited  The  Educational  Cyclopaedia; 
and  The  Life  and  Writings  of  Frank  For 
ester,  in  ten  volumes.  He  died  Feb.  6, 
1860,  in  New  York  city. 

JUDD,  FRANCIS  EMERSON,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  April 
19,  1827,  in  Stanstead,  Province  of  Que 
bec,  Canada.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Vermont; 
and  the  same  degree 
was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Bishop's  col 
lege  of  Lennox\  illc. 
Canada.  He  received 
the  degree  of  D.  D. 
from  the  Griswold 
college  of  Davenport, 
Iowa,  in  which  insti 
tution  he  was  a  pro 
fessor  for  several  years.  He  moved  to 
Iowa  in  1857;  was  president  of  the  stand 
ing  committee  of  the  diocese  of  Iowa; 
and  secretary  of  the  diocesan  convention; 
has  been  rector  of  prominent  parishes  in 
Iowa;  and  attained  success  as  an  eminent 
clergyman  of  the  protestant  episcopal 
church.  He  is  the  author  of  several  ec 
clesiastical  works;  published  sermons 
and  a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 

JUDD,  NORMAN  BUEL,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  10, 
1815,  in  Rome,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Illinois  senate  from  1844  until  1860. 
In  1866  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  fortieth  congress;  and 
re-elected  to  the  forty-first  congress  as 
a  republican.  He  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  collector  of  customs  at  Chicago. 
He  died  Nov.  10,  1878,  in  Chicago,  111. 

JUDD,  ORANGE,  journalist,  was  born 
July  26,  1822,  in  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 
The  American  Agriculturist,  under  his  su 
pervision,  is  in  the  foremost  rank  of  ag 
ricultural  journals.  He  was  also  pub 
lisher  of  the  Hearth  and  Home;  and  ag 
ricultural  editor  of  the  New  York  Times. 
JUDD,  SYLVESTER,  antiquarian,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  23,  1789,  in  West- 
hampton.  Mass.  He  was  an  antiquarian 
of  Northampton,  Mass.;  and  the  author 
of  Thomas  Judd  and  his  Descendants;  and 
History  of  Hadley.  He  died  April  18, 
1860,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 

JUDD,  SYLVESTER,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  July  23,  1813,  in 


Westhampton,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Augusta,  Maine.  His  great 
est  work  is  the  remarkable  story  of  Mar 
garet:  a  Tale  of  the  Real  and  the  Ideal. 
Other  works  of  his  include,  Philo,  a  re 
ligious  poem;  Richard  Edney,  a  novel; 
and  The  Church,  a  series  of  sermons.  He 
died  Jan.  26,  1853,  in  Augusta,  Maine. 

JUDD,  WARREN,  merchant,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1837,  near  Shelby- 
ville,  Ind.  Most  of  his  life  has  been  spent 
in  mercantile  pursuits;  is  now  a  success 
ful  merchant  and  journalist  of  Needham, 
Ind.;  and  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Hustler.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of 
the  people's  party;  has  been  postmaster, 
and  filled  various  other  public  positions  o( 
trust  in  his  county  and  state. 

JUDD,  WILLIAM,  educator,  clergyman, 
was  born  Sept.  27,  1843.  in  Warsaw,  N.  Y. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Green 
ville  High  school,  the  Munroe  academy, 
and  the  Bryant  and  Stratton  Commercial 
college.  For  four  years  during  the  war 
he  was  in  the  United  States  service;  and 
for  many  years  has  been  chaplain  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  department 
of  Michigan.  He  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace  at  Howard  City,  Mich.;  superinten 
dent  of  schools;  and  filled  various  other 
public  positions  of  honor.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  clergyman  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in 
Howard  City,  Mich. 

JUDGE,  WILLIAM  QUAN,  lawyer,  the- 
osophist,  author,  was  born  April  13,  1851, 
in  Dublin,  Ireland.  He  was  a  successful 
lawyer  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  Echoes  from  the  Orient,  and  other 
works.  He  was  the  real  head  of  the  the- 
osophy  movement  in  America,  and  from 
1886  until  his  death  he  published  Path,  a 
monthly  magazine  devoted  to  theosophy. 
He  died  March  21,  1896,  in  New  York 
city. 

JUDKINS,  J.  BYRON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1851,  in  Cold  water, 
Ohio.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools;  and  grad 
uated  from  the  Liber  college  of  Indiana. 
In  1874  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and 
in  1880  was  appointed  judge  of  the  nine 
teenth  judicial  circuit  to  fill  a  vacancy,  to 
which  office  he  was  subsequently  elected, 
and  served  with  distinction  during  1880- 
94.  He  declined  further  re-election,  and 
since  that  time  has  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  He  is  also 
director  of  the  First  National  bank  of 
Reed  city;  and  is  identified  with  various 
other  institutions. 

JUDSON,  ANDREW  THOMPSON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
29,  1784,  in  Eastford,  Conn.  He  was  at 
different  times  a  member  of  both  branches 
of  the  Connecticut  legislature.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1835 
to  1839,  when  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
district  court,  and  continued  in  that  po 
sition  until  his  death.  He  died  March  17, 
1853,  in  Canterbury,  Conn. 

JUDSON,  EDWARD  Z.  C.,  author,  was 
born  in  1822  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
a  writer  of  sensational  non-literary  stor 
ies  for  weekly  papers  which  gave  him  a 
large  income.  He  was  also  a  temper 
ance  lecturer.  Among  his  stories  are,  Red 
Ralph  the  Ranger;  The  Sea  Bandit;  Buf 
falo  Bill;  and  The  White  Cruiser.  He 
died  July  16,  1866,  in  Stamford,  N.  Y. 

JUDSON,  MRS.  EMILY  FCHUBBUCKL 
author,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1817,  in  Eaton, 
N.  Y.  She  was  a  once  popular  writer  who 
was  the  third  wife  of  the  famous  baptist 
missionary,  Adoniram  Judson;  and  the 
author  of  Alderbrook,  a  collection  of  stor 
ies;  Trippings  in  Author  Land;  and  An 
Olio  of  Domestic  Verses.  She  died  in  1854, 
in  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


543 


JUDSON,  HARRY  PRATT,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1849  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  professor  of  political  science  in 
the  university  of  Chicago;  and  the  author 
of  Europe  in  the  Nineteenth  Century; 
The  Growth  of  the  American  Nation;  and 
Cesar's  Army,  a  Study  of  the  Military 
Art  of  the  Romans. 

JUDSON,  L.  CARROLL,  author.  She  is 
the  author  of  Biography  of  the  Signers 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence; 
Sages  and  Heroes  of  the  American  Rev 
olution;  and  The  Moral  Probe,  a  collec 
tion  of  Essays. 

JUDSON,  SARAH  HALL  BOARDMAN, 
missionary,  translator,  was  born  Nov.  4, 
1803,  in  Alstead,  N.  H.  She  translated 
a  part  of  Pilgrim's  Progress;  also  the 
Dying  Father's  Advice,  and  several 
hymns;  and  published  four  volumes  of 
Scripture  questions.  She  died  Sept.  1, 
1845,  in  St.  Helena. 

JUENGLING.  FREDERICK,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  8,  1846,  in  New  York  city.  His 
paintings  include  The  Intruder;  West 
ward  Bound;  and  In  the  Street.  He  died 
Dec.  31,  1889,  in  New  York  city. 

JULIAN,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  5, 
1817,  in  Centreville,  Ind.  In  1845  he  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  Indiana;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  In 
diana  from  1849  to  1851.  In  1852  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Pittsburg  convention 
for  office  of  vice-president  of  the  United 
States.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  thirty-sev 
enth  congress;  and  in  1862  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-ninth,  fortieth  and 
forty-first  congresses  as  a  republican.  He 
wa's  surveyor-general  of  New  Mexico  in 
1885.  He  is  the  author  of  Speeches  on  Po 
litical  Questions;  Political  Recollections 
from  1840-72;  and  Life  of  Joshua  Gid- 
<lings. 

JULIAN,  ISAAC  HOOVER,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  June  19,  1823,  near 
Centreville,  Ind.  In  1857  he  published 
Sketches  of  the  Early  History  of  the 
Whitewater  Valley.  For  forty  years  he 
has  been  a  successful  journalist,  and  is 
now  connected  with  The  People's  Era  of 
St.  San  Marcos,  Texas.  Besides  numer 
ous  poems,  pamphlets  and  essays,  he  has 
published  a  Memoir  of  David  Hoover. 

JUNKIN,  BENJAMIN  T.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1822,  in 
Cumberland  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected 
district  attorney  for  Perry  county  in  1850, 
and  held  the  office  three  years.  He  was 
elected  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress. 

JUNKIN,  DAVID  XAVIER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1808,  in  Mercer, 
Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of 
Chicago  and  elsewhere;  and  the  author  of 
The  Good  Steward;  Lite  of  General  Han 
cock  (with  F.  H.  Norton);  and  The  Oath 
a  Divine  Ordinance.  He  died  April  22, 
1888,  in  Martinsburg,  Pa. 

JUNKIN,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1790,  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  once  prom 
inent  among  leaders  of  the  Old  School 
party.  He  was  the  founder  of  Lafayette 
college,  Easton,  Pa.,  and  was  twice  its 
president.  His  more  important  works  in 
clude.  Commentary  on  Hebrews;  Political 
Fallacies;  The  Great  Apostasy;  Sancti- 
flcation;  Justification;  and  The  Taber 
nacle.  He  died  May  20,  1868,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

JUSTIN,  JOEL  GILBERT,  physician, 
inventor,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1851,  in 
Richmond,  N.  Y.  He  attained  success  as 
a  physician  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  and  has 
invented  several  throat  and  toilet  sprays 
which  have  gained  a  marked  recognition. 


JUSTUS,  CUMMINS  C.,  educator,  was 
born  Feb.  19,  1868,  in  Grainger  county, 
Tenn.  After  finishing  his  education  at 
the  Sulphur  Springs 
academy,  he  engaged 
in  educational  work; 
is  superintendent  of 
schools;  has  always 
advocated  reform  in 
school  work;  and  has 
been  instrumental  in 
securing  for  his  state 
the  uniformity  of 
text  books;  grading 
of  schools;  circulat 
ing  library  move 
ment;  county  asso 
ciation  of  teachers;  institutes  throughout 
the  year;  and  excellent  normal  institute. 
KAGAY,  BENJAMIN  F.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1831,  in  Fairfield 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  the  first  mayor  of 
the  city  of  Effingham,  111.;  and  represent 
ed  his  district  in  the  Illinois  state  legis 
lature  in  1871-72. 

KAHLO,  CHARLES,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  4,  1840,  in 
Prussia.  In  1878  he  was  elected  state 
senator  from  Cass  and  Carroll  counties. 
Ind. — the  first  republican  elected  from 
that  democratic  district. 

KAHM,  MRS.  RUTH  WARD,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  4,  1870,  in  Jackson,  Mich. 
She  is  the  author  of  an  epic  poem  en 
titled  Gertrude;  and  a  novel,  The  Story 
of  Judith. 

KAISER,  LOUIS,  merchant,  legislator, 
was  born  July  29,  1843,  in  Germany.  For 
six  years  he  was  mayor  of  his  city;  and 
for  four  years  served  as  a  member  of  his 
district  in  the  Illinois  general  assembly. 

KAISER,  MARK,     musician,  composer, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1855,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.     He  was  educated  at  the  Paris  con 
servatory;    and  as  a 
solo   player  attained 
prominence    in    that 
city.     During  1876-78 
he    traveled    in    the 
United     States     and 
Canada,  as  violin  so 


loist,  with  artists 
under  the  manage 
ments  of  Max  Strak- 
^  •  osch  and  Henry  Ma- 
^^fe  pleson.  II-  IKIS  at- 

^•^^ .  JS^f  tained  great  promi 
nence  in  the  musical 

world;    and  is  noted  also  for  his  success 

as  a  teacher  and  concert  violinist  of  New 

Orleans,  La. 

KALBFLEISCH,  MARTIN,  manufactur 
er,  chemist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
8,  1804,  in  Holland.  In  1862  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  New  York  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He  died  Feb. 
12,  1873,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

KALER,  JAMES  OTIS,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  19,  1848,  in  Winter- 
port,  Maine.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New 
York  city  who  has  written  much  for  ju- 
\enile  readers.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Boy  Captain;  Under  the  Liberty  Tree;  A 
Short  Cruise;  The  Boys'  Revolt;  Toby  Ty 
ler;  Left  Behind;  Mr.  Stubbs's  Brother; 
Tom  and  Tip;  Raising  the  Pearl;  Silent 
Pete;  The  Castaways;  Little  Joe;  -Stor 
ies  of  American  History;  Jerry's  Family; 
and  Jenny  Wren's  Boarding  House. 

KAL1SCH,  IS1DOR,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  15,  1816,  in  Prussia.  He 
was  a  Jewish  clergyman  who  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1849,  and  was  rabbi  of 
congregations  in  Cleveland,  Milwaukee, 
and  elsewhere.  He  published  Sketch  of 
the  Talmud,  and  several  important  trans 
lations  from  the  German  and  Hebrew.  He 
died  May  11,  1886,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 


KALOPOTHAKES,  MARTHA  HOOPER 
BLACKLER,  missionary,  journalist,  trans 
lator,  was  born  June  1,  1830,  in  Marble- 
head,  Mass.  She  labored  as  a  missionary, 
and  exercised  a  wide  influence  among  the 
Greek  women.  During  the  last  three  years 
of  her  life  she  translated  books  from  the 
English,  and  edited  a  juvenile  paper  that 
was  published  in  Greek.  She  died  Dec. 
16,  1871,  in  Athens,  Greece. 

KAMPMAN,  LEWIS  FRANCIS,  educa 
tor,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1817,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  one  of  the  foun 
ders  and  editors  of  the  Moravian  at  Lan 
caster,  Pa.;  from  1855-58  president  of  the 
Theological  seminary  at  Lancaster,  Pa.; 
and  was  one  of  the  compilers  of  the  Mo 
ravian  Hymnal.  He  died  Oct.  21,  1884, 
in  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

KANAN,  MICHAEL,  farmer,  soldier, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  November, 
1837,  in  Essex  county,  N.  Y.  He  enlisted 
in  company  A,  forty-first  Illinois  infant 
ry,  and  served  nearly  four  years.  He 
was  mayor  of  Decatur,  III.,  for  six  years; 
and  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in 
1894. 

KANE,  ELIAS  KENT,  state  legislator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  June  7, 
1796,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  legislature;  and  from 
1825  to  1835  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Illinois.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1835,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

KANE,  ELISHA  K.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Since  1883 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Big  Level 
and  Kinzua  railroad;  and  is  also  presi 
dent  of  the  Mount  Jewett,  Kinzua  and 
Ritterville  railroad. 

KANE,  ELISHA  KENT,  surgeon,  ex 
plorer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1820, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  surgeon 
in  the  United  States  navy  who  was  fa 
mous  as  an  Arctic  explorer;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  United  States  Grinnell  Ex 
pedition  of  1850;  and  Second  Grinnell  Ex 
pedition.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1857,  in  Ha 
vana,  Cuba. 

KANE,  JOHN  KINTZING,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  May  16,  1795,  in  Albany 
N.  Y.  In  1845  he  was  chosen  attorney 
general  of  Pennsylvania;  and  in  1846  re 
signed  to  accept  the  position  of  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  state  of  Penn 
sylvania.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1858,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

KANE,  THOMAS  LEIPER,  soldier,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  27,  -1822,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Philadelphia,  and  a  brigadier-general  in 
the  federal  army  in  the  civil  war.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Mormons;  Alaska; 
and  Coahuila.  He  died  Dec.  26,  1883  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

KANTZ,  AUGUST  VALENTINE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1828,  in  Ger 
many.  He  served  in  the  civil  war;  and 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at 
tained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 

KAPLAN,    A.    ORNSTEIN,   poet,      was 
born  in  November,  1849,  in  Germany.     In 
1857  he   ca"me  to  America   with  his  par 
ents;    lived    in    New 
York  city  until  1861; 
jf&  and     in       Loveland, 

near  Cincinnati. 
f    „.,,.,,  Ohio,       until       1868. 

Since  that  time  he 
has  lived  in  Cincin 
nati,  principally  en 
gaged  in  the  insur 
ance  business.  He  is 
the  author  of  several 
volumes,  notably 
three  beautiful  bro 
chures,  entitled  The 
Magic  Laugh;  The  Prince  of  Hades;  and 
The  Baby's  Biography. 


544 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


KASSON,  JOHN  ADAMS,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  11, 
1822,  near  Burlington,  Vt.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  assistant  postmaster-general, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1862  when 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  Iowa  for  sev 
eral  years;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third,  forty-fourth,  forty-seventh  and 
forty-eighth  congresses  as  a  republican. 
KATTE,  WALTER,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  Nov.  14,  1830,  in  England.  In  1886 
he  became  chief  engineer  of  the  New  York 
Central  and  Hudson  River,  New  York  and 
Harlem,  and  West  Shore  railroads  with 
their  branches. 

KATZER.  FREDERICK  XAVIER,  arch 
bishop,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1844,  in  Austria. 
He  became  vicar-general  of  Green  Bay, 
Wis.,  of  which  city  he  was  consecrated 
bishop  in  1886;  and  in  1891  he  was  made 
archbishop  of  Milwaukee. 

KAUFER,  JOHN  C..  journalist,  was 
born  June  2,  1857,  in  Wilkes  Barre,  Pa.  He 
is  the  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Plain 
Dealer  of  Wilkes  Barre,  Pa.  He  started 
in  life  as  a  printer;  has  been  alderman 
and  deputy  mayor  of  his  native  city;  and 
is  a  prominent  member  of  several  frater 
nal  orders. 

KAUFMAN,  DAVID  SPANGLER,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  18,  1813,  in  Boiling  Springs. 
Pa.  In  1837  he  moved  to  Nacogdoches, 
Texas;  and  in  1838  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Texan  congress.  He  was 
twice  re-elected,  and  twice  chosen  speak 
er  of  the  house;  and  in  1843  was  elected 
to  the  senate.  He  was  elected  one  of  the 
first  members  of  the  house  of  represen 
tatives  from  Texas,  serving  from  1846  to 
1851.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1851,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

KAUFMAN,  N.  M.,  merchant,  financier, 
was  born  July  4,  1862,  in  Marquette, 
Mich.  He  is  a  successful  merchant  of 
Marquette,  Mich.;  is 
a  successful  miner 
and  mine  owner; 
and  in  1893  was  elect 
ed  mayor  of  his  city. 
Ho  organized  the 
Marquette  County 
Savings  bank,  of 
which  he  is  presi 
dent;  is  also  presi 
dent  of  the  Mar 
quette  Milling  com 
pany;  president  of 
the  Hammond,  Whit 
ing  and  East  Chicago  road;  and  inter 
ested  in  various  other  business  enter 
prises. 

KAUFMAN,  THEODORE,  artist,  was 
born  Dec.  18,  1814,  in  Nelson,  Hanover. 
His  works  include  Gen.  Sherman  near  the 
Watchfire;  On  to  Liberty;  A  Pacific  Rail 
way  Train  attacked  by  Indians;  Slaves 
seeking  Shelter  under  the  Flag  of  the 
Union;  and  Admiral  Farragut  entering 
Harbor  through  Torpedoes. 

KAUTZ,  ALBERT,  naval  officer,  was 
born  June  29,  1839,  in  Georgetown,  Ohio. 
He  was  appointed  lieutenant  in  1861;  lieu- 
tenant-commandor  in  1865;  commander  in 
1872;  and  captain  in  1885. 

KAUTZ,  AUGUST  VALENTINE,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1828,  in 
Germany.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  United 
States  army  who  served  in  the  civil  war, 
and  became  a  colonel  and  brevet  major- 
general.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Com 
pany  Clerk;  Customs  of  Service  for  Non 
commissioned  Officers  and  Soldiers;  and 
Customs  of  Service  for  Officers.  He  died 
in  1895. 


KAUTZ,  JULIA  M.,  educator,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  16,  1825,  in  Bethany,  N.  Y. 
She  graduated  from  the  Ingham  univer 
sity;  and  in  1849  took  charge  of  the 
Young  Ladies'  department  in  the  Logans- 
port  seminary,  Ind.  She  is  the  wife  of  a 
clergyman  and  home  missionary;  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  the  periodical 
press,  and  some  of  her  poems  have  been 
given  representation  in  standard  works. 

KAVANAGH,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
27,  1795.  in  Newcastle,  Maine.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Maine  legislature  in  1826, 
1828,  1842  and  1843;  secretary  of  the  state 
senate  in  1830;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1831  to  1835.  He  was 
acting  governor  of  Maine  from  1843  to 
1844,  and  for  a  short  time  president  of 
the  state  senate.  He  died  Jan.  21,  1844, 
in  Newcastle,  Maine. 

KAVANAUGH,  DANIEL  C.,  farmer, 
public  official,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1857,  in 
Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  has  attained  success 
in  his  business  of  painter  and  farmer  at 
Columbus,  Neb.,  where  he  has  resided 
since  1875.  For  six  years  he  was  assessor; 
and  has  twice  been  sheriff  of  his  county, 
serving  in  that  office  with  success  for 
twelve  years. 

KAVANAUGH.  HUBBARD  HINDE, 
bishop  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church, 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1802,  near  Winchester, 

•        .„_    Ky-   In  1839  he  was 

j^^^^^^__  appointed       superin- 

ajU*.          tendent  of  public  ed- 
^k       ucation  for  the  state 
•      by  Gov.   Clark,     and 
/  ™  filled     the     position 

^|***t'    '  until    in   the   follow 

ing     year,  and     was 
^px  \J       again    proffered    the 

position  by  Gov. 
Wickliffe.  In  1854  at 
the  general  confer 
ence  held  in  Colum 
bus,  Ga.,  he  was  ele 
vated  to  the  episcopal  office,  the  highest 
within  the  gift  of  the  church,  and  in  that 
office  met  the  highest  expectations  of 
his  people.  He  died  March  19,  1884,  in 
Columbus,  Miss. 

KAYE,  JOHN  BRAYSHAW,  lawyer,  po 
et,  was  born  June  10,  1841,  in  England. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Calmar,  Iowa,  of  which 
city  he  has  been  mayor  and  attorney  of 
his  county  for  two  terms.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  two  volumes  of  poems,  entitled 
Facts  and  Fancies,  and  Songs  of  Lake  Ge 
neva. 

KEABLES,  THOMAS  ASH, soldier,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  legislator,  was  born  Feb. 
22,  1844,  in  Mansfield,  Conn.  He  was  ed 
ucated  at  the  Alfred  unhersity;  and  grad 
uated  in  medicine  from  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  Georgetown  college.  D. 
C.  During  1862-64  he  served  gallantly  in 
the  war  as  lieutenant  of  the  light  artil 
lery.  He  has  attained  success  in  his  pro 
fession,  and  is  a  noted  physician  and  sur 
geon  of  Bodie,  Cal.  In  1896-97  he  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  as 
sembly  of  the  California  state  legisla 
ture;  and  was  chairman  of  the  commit 
tee  on  public  health  and  quarantine. 

KEAN,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
about  1756  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  South  Carolina  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1785  to  1787.  He 
died  in  May.  17!)5,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

KEAN,  JOHN,  JR.,  manufacturer,  ban 
ker,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1852, 
in  Ursino,  N.  J.  He  settled  in  Elizabeth, 
N.  J.;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty-eighth  and 
fiftieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 


KEANE,  JOHN  JOSEPH,  Roman  cath 
olic  bishop,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1839,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  assistant  pastor  of  St- 
Patrick's  church,  Washington,  D.  C.,  till 
1878,  when  he  was  made  bishop  of  Rich 
mond,  Va. 

KEARNEY,  DYRE,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Delaware  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1786  to  1788. 

KEARNEY,  LAWRENCE,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1789.  in  Perth  Amboy, 
N.  J.  He  entered  the  navy  as  a  midship 
man  in  1807;  and  in  1866  was  made  com 
modore.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1868,  in  Perth 
Amboy,  N.  J. 

KEARNEY,  PHILIP,  soldier,  was  born 
June  2,  1815,  in  New  York  city.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  Mex- 
^m „-___..  ican  war,  and  lost  his 
left  arm.  During  the 
civil  war  he  was 
made  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volun 
teers;  and  subse 
quently  attained  the 
rank  of  major-gen 
eral.  He  was  killed  in 
battle  Sept.  1,  1862. 
near  Chantilly,  Va. 
His  remains  were 
sent  by  Gen.  Lee 
under  a  flag  of  truce 
to  Gen.  Hooker,  and  being  embalmed  were 
transferred  to  New  York  and  buried  in 
the  Watts  vault  in  Trinity  churchyard. 

KEARNEY,  STEPHEN  WATTS,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1794,  in  Newark, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  gallant  soldier  in  the  war 
of  1812.  He  was  brevetted  a  brigadier  in 
1846,  and  major-general  in  December  the 
same  year,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the 
Mexican  war.  He  died  in  October,  1848,  in 
Vera  Cruz. 

KEARSLEY,  JOHN,  physician,  was 
born  about  1684  in  England.  He  served 
for  many  years  in  the  assembly  of  Penn 
sylvania;  and  was  a  celebrated  physician 
of  Philadelphia.  He  died  in  January, 
1772,  in  Philadelphia. 

KEASBEY,  LINDLEY  MILLER,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1867  in  New 
Jersey.  He  was  a  professor  of  history 
and  economics  at  the  university  of  Colo 
rado  in  1892-94;  and  at  Bryn  Mawr  col 
lege,  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa.,  from  1894.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Nicaragua  Canal  and 
the  Monroe  Doctrine. 

KEATING,  JOHN  M.,  physician,  author, 
was  born  April  30,  1852,  in  Philadelphia. 
He  is  a  Philadelphia  physician;  and  the 
author  of  With  General  Grant  in  the  East; 
Mothers'  Guide  for  Management  of  In 
fants;  Maternity,  Infancy,  and  Childhood; 
and  Diseases  of  the  Heart. 

KEATING,  WILLIAM  HYPOLITUS,  ed 
ucator,  chemist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  11, 
1799,  in  Wilmington,  Del.  His  efforts  for 
an  institution  of  higher  aims  in  scien 
tific  instruction  ultimately  led  to  the 
founding  of  the  Franklin  institute  in  1824, 
in  which  he  was  professor  of  chemistry. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  Narrative  of  an 
Expedition  to  the  Source  of  St.  Peter's 
River,  etc.,  in  1823.  He  died  about  1844  in 
London,  England. 

KEAYNE,  ROBERT,  philanthropist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  1595  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  frequently  a  representative 
to  the  Massachusetts  state  legislature  be 
tween  1638  and  1649,  a  liberal  donor  to 
Harvard,  and  left  a  legacy  for  the  estab 
lishment  of  a  free  school  in  Boston,  which 
is  now  the  Latin  grammar  school.  He 
died  March  23,  1656,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


545 


KECK,  JOHN  MELVIN,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  lecturer,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1854, 
in  Franklin  Square,  Ohio.  He  is  a  grad 
uate  of  Mount  Union  college,  and  of  the 
Drew  Theological  seminary  of  Madison, 
N.  J.  He  has  filled  the  chair  of  German 
in  the  Mount  Union  college  of  Alliance, 
Ohio;  since  1883  has  been  a  clergyman  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church;  and  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  Mentor,  Ohio.  He  is  a 
noted  lecturer  on  natural  history;  and  a 
constant  writer  of  magazine  articles  on 
popular  science. 

KEDNEY,  JOHN  STEINFORT,  educat 
or,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  12, 
1819,  in  Essex  county,  N.  J.  He  is  an 
episcopal  clergyman,  professor  in  Sea- 
bury  Divinity  school  at  Faribault,  Minn., 
since  1871;  and  the  author  of  Mens  Chris- 
ti,  and  Other  Problems  in  Theology;  Ca- 
tawba,  and  Other  Poems;  The  Beautiful 
and  the  Sublime,  an  Analysis  of  tiie  Emo 
tions;  Hegel's  ^Esthetics;  and  Christian 
Doctrine  Harmonized. 

KEEFE,  JOHN  C.,  manufacturer,  jour 
nalist,  inventor,  was  born  in  1846  in 
Chicopee,  Mass.  In  1878  he  became  editor 
of  the  Milwaukee  News.  He  is  the  in 
ventor  of  several  useful  patents. 

KEEFER,  HORACE  ANDREW,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1855,  in  Schuylkill 
Haven,  Pa.  He  received  an  academic  edu 
cation,  and  spent  ten  years  in  the  various 
departments  of  iron  and  steel  making  in 
Pennsylvania — from  clerk  to  superintend 
ent.  In  1883  he  moved  west,  and  subse 
quently  became  a  member  of  the  Kansas 
house  of  representatives  from  the  Leaven- 
worth  district. 

KEEGAN,  J.  TREMAINE,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  16,  1847,  in  Berlin,  Conn.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems,  including  Bells  of  San  Bias';  De 
serted  City  in  Yucatan;  The  Exile's 
Dream;  and  The  Wanderer's  Return. 

KEELER,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS,  or 
nithologist,  author,  was  born  in  1871  in 
Wisconsin.  He  is  an  ornithologist  and 
verse-writer  of  California;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Evolution  of  Color  in  North  Amer 
ican  Land  Birds;  and  A  Light  Through 
the  Storm. 

KEELER,  JAMES  EDWARD,  astron 
omer,  educator,  journalist,  was  born  Sept. 
10,  1857,  in  La  Salle,  111.  Since  1891  he 
has  been  director  of  the  Allegheny  ob 
servatory  and  professor  of  astrophysics 
in  the  Western  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  is  editor  of  the  Astrophysical 
Journal.  He  discovered  and  measured 
the  motions  of  Nebulae  while  at  the  Lick 
observatory;  and  while  at  Allegheny  se 
cured  spectroscopic  proof  of  the  meteoric 
structure  of  Saturn's  rings. 

KEELER,  RALPH,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1840  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  jour 
nalist  of  California  and  New  York;  and 
the  author  of  Gloverson  and  His  Silent 
Partner;  and  Vagabond  Adventures.  He 
died  Dec.  16,  1873,  at  sea  near  Cuba. 

KEELER,  RICHARD  WOOLSEY,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1824,  in 
Columbia  county,  N.  Y.  In  1856  he  was 
elected  the  first  president  of  Cornell  col 
lege  of  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa,  serving  until 
1859. 

KEELY,  JOHN  WORRALL,  inventor, 
was  born  Sept.  3,  1837  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  the  inventor  of  a  hydro-pneumatic 
pulsating  vacuo  machine,  whose  action,  it 
is  claimed,  is  produced  by  forces  obtained 
from  water  and  air.  He  constructed  one 
hundred  and  twenty-four  different  en 
gines,  and  has  eliminated  the  use  of  water 
entirely  in  developing  the  energy  that 
he  claims  to  control. 

35 


KEEN,  MORRIS  LONGSTRETH,  in 
ventor,  was  born  May  24,  1820,  in  West 
Philadelphia.  He  gave  attention  to  the 
making  of  paper  out  of  wood,  and  this  led 
to  the  formation  in  1863  of  the  American 
Wood-Paper  company,  with  patent  rights 
for  the  United  States  and  privileges  in 
other  lands.  He  died  Nov.  2,  1883,  in 
Highland  Grove,  Pa. 

KEEN,  WILLIAM  WILLIAMS,  educat 
or,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  19,  1837,  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  an 
eminent  Philadelphia  surgeon,  professor 
of  surgery  at  Jefferson  Medical  college 
since  1889;  and  author  of  Reflex  Paraly 
sis;  Gunshot  Wounds;  Clinical  Chart  of 
the  Human  Body;  Complications  and 
Sequels  of  Continuous  Fever;  and  Early 
History  of  Practical  Anatomy. 

KEENAN,  HENRY  FRANCIS,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  4,  1849,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  journalist  and 
novelist  formerly  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.; 
and  the  author  of  The  Money-Makers,  a 
Social  Problem;  Trajan,  the  History  of  a 
Sentimental  Young  Man;  The  Aliens; 
One  of  a  Thousand;  and  The  Iron  Game. 

KEENE,  LAURA,  actress,  was  born  in 
1820  in  England.  She  made  her  first  ap 
pearance  in  1852  in  Wallack's  theater  of 
New  York  city.  The  Laura  Keene  com 
pany,  with  Laura  Keene,  Joseph  Jefferson 
and  Edward  A.  Sothern  in  the  leading 
roles,  was  playing  Our  American  Cousin 
at  Ford's  theater  of  Washington  on  April 
14,  1865,  when  President  Lincoln  met  his 
death.  She  died  Nov.  4,  1873,  in  Mont- 
clair,  N.  J. 

KEEP,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was  born 
April  20,  1781,  in  Long  Meadow,  Mass. 
Soon  after  his  election  as  a  trustee  of 
Oberlin,  he  gave  as  president  of  the  board 
the  casting  vote  that  admitted  colored 
students.  He  •  was  the  last  surviving 
founder  of  the  American  board  of  com 
missioners  for  foreign  missions.  He  died 
Feb.  11,  1870,  in  Oberlin,  Ohio. 

KEEP,  JOSIAH,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1849  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  an 
educator  of  California;  and  the  author  of 
Common  Sea  Shells  of  California;  and 
West  Coast  Shells. 

KEEP,  ROBERT  PORTER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1844  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  an  educator  of  Norwich,  Conn.;  and 
the  author  of  Stories  from  Herodotus;  Es 
sential  Uses  of  the  Moods  in  Greek  and 
Latin;  and  Greek  Lessons. 

KEESE,  RICHARD,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  23,  1794,  in  Peru,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1827  to  1829.  He  subse 
quently  settled  in  Pennsylvania. 

KEIFER,  JOSEPH  WARREN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  30,  1836,  six  miles  west  of  Spring 
field,  Ohio.  He  at 
tended  the  common 
district  schools  of 
his  county,  and  fin 
ished  his  education 
at  the  Antioch  col 
lege.  He  served  in 
the  union  army  with 
distinction  and  was 
rapidly  promoted 
until  he  became 
major-g  e  n  e  r  a  1  of 
United  States  volun 
teers.  In  1868-69  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  sen 
ate;  and  was  delegate  at  large  from  Ohio 
to  the  republican  national  convention. 
For  four  terms  during  1877-85  he  was  a 
member  of  congress;  and  was  speaker  of 
the  forty-seventh  congress  in  1881-83. 
Since  1873  he  has  been  president  of  the 


Sagonda  National  bank,  of  Springfield, 
Ohio.  In  1869-71  he  was  department  com 
mander  of  Ohio  Grand  Army  of  the  Re 
public;  and  Ohio  commander-in-chief  in 
1872.  He  has  attained  success  in  his  pro 
fession,  and  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  Ohio. 

KEIGHTLEY,  EDWIN  WILLIAM,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  7, 
1843,  in  Van  Buren,  Ind.  He  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  fifteenth  judicial  circuit;  and 
was  elected  to  the  same  position  in  1875, 
for  the  term  of  six  years.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Michigan  to  the 
forty-fifth  congress;  and  in  1879  was  ap 
pointed  third  auditor  of  the  United  States 
treasury. 

KEIM,  GEORGE  MA  if,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  March  23, 
1805,  in  Reading,  Pa.  He  took  an  interest 
in  military  affairs,  and  became  a  major- 
general  of  militia.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Pennsylvania  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1837;  in  that  year  was  elected 
to  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was 
twice  re-elected.  He  was  appointed  mar 
shal  of  eastern  Pennsylvania,  and  reap- 
pointed  by  President  Polk.  He  died  June 
10,  1861. 

KEIM,  WILLIAM  HIGH,  soldier,  civil 
engineer,  congressman,  was  born  June  13, 
1813,  near  Reading,  Pa.  In  1848  he  was 
elected  mayor  ot  Reading,  Pa. ;  and  in  1859 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress. 
He  was  also  surveyor-general  of  the  state. 
He  was  placed  in  command  of  a  division 
of  the  volunteer  army  in  1861;  after  a 
campaign  on  the  Upper  Potomac  was  ap 
pointed  a  brigadier-general  in  the  regular 
army;  and  served  with  honor  in  the  army 
of  the  Potomac.  He  died  May  18,  1862, 
in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

KEIPER,  GEORGE  FREDERIC,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  March  26,  1866,  in 
La  Fayette,  Ind.  He  is  oculist  and  aurist 
to  the  St.  Elizabeth  hospital  and  the  St. 
Joseph  Orphan  asylum;  and  is  the  author 
of  numerous  essays  on  eye  and  ear  sub 
jects. 

KEITH,  EDWARD  CHARLES,  educa 
tor,  business  man,  state  senator,  was  born 
March  5,  1866,  in  Fairfield,  Maine.  He 
graduated  from  the 
Coburn  Classical  in 
stitute,  of  Waterville, 
Maine.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as  an 
educator;  is  one  of 
the  largest  growers 
of  small  fruit  in  the 
state  of  Washington 
at  Buckley;  and  is 
also  interested  in  nu 
merous  mines.  In 
1896  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Wash 
ington  state  senate.  For  the  past  ten  years 
he  has  taken  an  active  part  in  schools, 
politics,  horticulture  and  mining;  and  in 
the  public  and  business  affairs  of  his  city, 
county  and  state. 

KEITH,  ELIZA  D.,  author,  was  born  in 
1854,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  poem  entitled,  Our  Flag,  writ 
ten  during  the  war;  and  has  contributed 
various  poems  to  different  magazines. 

KEITH,  CHARLES  PENROSE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  March  15,  1854,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Provincial  Councilors  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  The  History  of  Benjamin  Harrison. 

KEITH,  REUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  26,  1792,  in  Pittsford,  Vt. 
For  many  years  he  was  rector  of  a  pro- 
testant  episcopal  church  in  Georgetown, 
D.  C.  He  was  the  author  of  several  re 
ligious  works.  He  died  Sept.  3,  1842,  in 
Sheldon,  Vt. 


546 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


KEITH,  WILLIAM,  governor,  author, 
was  born  in  1680,  in  England.  For  many 
years  he  was  surveyor-general  of  customs 
in  America;  and  during  1717-26  was  gov 
ernor  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  History  of  the  British  Plan 
tations  in  America;  and  other  historical 
works  of  value.  He  died  Nov.  17,  1749,  in 
England. 

KEITT,  LAWRENCE  MASSILLON,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1824, 
in  Orangeburg,  S.  C.  He  was  elected  to 
the  South  Carolina  state  legislature  in 
1848;  in  1853  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
national  house  of  representatives,  and  was 
consecutively  re-elected  until  1860.  Just 
before  leaving  congress  he  was  elected  to 
the  seceding  convention  of  South  Carolina. 
He  was  killed  June  4,  1864,  in  battle  in 
Virginia. 

KELIHER,  JOHN  AUSTIN,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  6, 1866,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  For  many  years  he  has  been  suc 
cessfully  engaged  in  journalistic  work; 
and  in  1896-97  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  leg 
islatures. 

KELLAM,  A.  E.,  public  official,  was 
born  July  6,  1849,  in  Northampton  county, 
Va.  He  has  filled  various  public  offices 
of  trust;  has  been  clerk  of  the  county 
and  circuit  courts  of  Princess  Anne  coun 
ty,  Va. ;  secretary  of  the  railroad  commis 
sioners  of  Virginia;  and  has  always  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
Bounty  and  state. 

KELLAR,  ANDREW  J.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
journalist.  In  1860  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  by  the  supreme  court  of  Tennes 
see.  During  the  war  he  was  in  the  con 
federate  service;  and  served  as  captain, 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  colonel  of  the 
fourth  regiment  of  the  Tennessee  infantry 
from  April,  1861,  to  May  1.  1865.  He  is 
now  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  South 
Dakota  at  Hot  Springs;  and  a  well-known 
journalist. 

KELLAR.  EZRA,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  June  12,  1812,  in  Mid- 
dleton  Valley,  Md.  In  1844  he  estab 
lished  Wittenberg  college,  Springfield, 
Ohio,  serving  as  its  president  till  his 
death.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1848,  in  Spring 
field,  Ohio. 

KELLER,  ELIZABETH  CATHARINE, 
educator,  physician,  was  born  April  4, 
1837,  near  Gettysburg,  Pa.  After  receiv 
ing  her  education  she  taught  in  the  State 
School  for  Soldiers'  Orphans,  in  Lancaster, 
Pa.;  then  entered  the  Woman's  Medical 
college,  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1868,  and 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  1871. 
During  1871-75  she  was  attending  physi 
cian  and  surgeon  of  the  Woman's  hospital 
in  Philadelphia;  then  resident  physician 
and  surgeon  to  the  New  England  hospital 
for  women  until  1877;  and  ever  since  has 
been  senior  surgeon  of  that  hospital. 
Since  1889  she  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Boston  school  board;  and  is  now  serving 
a  third  term. 

KELLER,  JOSEPH  EDWARD,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1827, 
in  Bavaria.  He  was  a  Jesuit  educator, 
president  of  St.  Louis  university,  and  the 
author  of  Life  and  Acts  of  Pope  Leo  XIII. 
He  died  Feb.  4,  1886,  in  Rome,  Italy. 

KELLEY,  ABBY,  reformer,  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1811,  in  Pelham,  Mass.  She  found 
ed  the  Anti-Slavery  Bugle,  and  did  much 
toward  organizing  the  Webster  Anti- 
Slavery  society. 

KELLEY,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
soldier,  was  born  April  10,  1807,  in  New 
Hampton,  N.  H.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted 
major-general  of  volunteers.  At  the  close 
of  the  civil  war  he  was  appointed  collector 
of  internal  revenue  for  the  first  district 


of  West  Virginia;  in  1876  became  superin 
tendent  of  Hot  Springs  reservation,  Ark.; 
and  after  1883  he  was  an  examiner  of 
pensions.  He  died  July  17,  1891,  in  Oak 
land,  Md. 

KELLEY,  HALL  JACKSON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1790,  in  North- 
wood,  N.  H.  He  was  an  educator  of  Bos 
ton,  who  organized  the  first  Sunday-school 
in  New  England;  and  made  an  unsuccess 
ful  attempt  to  colonize  Oregon  in  1830. 
He  was  the  author  of  Geographical  Des 
cription  of  Oregon;  Letters  from  an  Af 
flicted  Husband;  and  History  of  the  Set 
tlement  of  Oregon.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1874, 
in  Palmer,  Mass. 

KELLEY,  HARRISON,  soldier,  farmer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
May  12,  1836,  in  Millgrove,  Ohio.  During 
1861-65  he  served  in  the  fifth  Kansas  cav 
alry  volunteers;  and  attained  the  rank  of 
captain.  He  was  subsequently  made  brig 
adier-general  of  the  state  troops;  which 
he  commanded  during  the  Indian  troubles 
succeeding  the  rebellion.  He  served  one 
term  in  the  Kansas  state  house  of  repre 
sentatives;  and  one  term  in  the  state  sen 
ate.  He  was  receiver  of  the  United  States 
land  office;  and  treasurer  of  the  state 
board  of  charities.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He 
died  in  1897. 

KELLEY,  HENRY  SMITH,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1832,  near 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1853  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar; 
was  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  in 
1854  for  the  district 
composed  of  the 
counties  of  Black- 
ford,  Delaware  and 
Grant,  Indiana.  Af 
ter  serving  two  years 
he  was  elected  judge 
of  the  court  of  com 
mon  pleas  in  the 
same  district;  and 
served  four  years. 
In  1862  he  moved  to  Vermillion,  Dakota 
territory;  was  elected  auditor  of  the  ter 
ritory;  but  returned  to  Marion,  Ind.  He 
there  edited  the  Grant  County  Union, 
practiced  law,  participated  in  politics  as 
a  republican;  and  has  since  filled  similar 
positions  in  various  cities.  In  1872  he 
was  elected  circuit  judge;  receiving  the  re 
election  in  1874  and  in  1880.  He  was  a 
candidate  for  congress  in  1884;  and  has 
lectured  extensively  on  medical  jurispru 
dence  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.;  and  before 
other  medical  bodies.  He  is  the  author 
of  Kelley's  Treatise  for  Justices,  Consta 
bles  and  Attorneys,  a  book  of  eleven 
hundred  pages,  which  has  passed  through 
several  editions;  Kelley's  Probate  Guide; 
Kelley's  Criminal  Law  and  Practice;  and 
other  standard  law  works. 

KELLEY,  JAMES  DOUGLAS  JER- 
ROLD,  soldier,  author,  was  born  in  1856. 
He  is  a  lieutenant  in  the  United  States 
navy;  and  the  author  of  The  Question  of 
Ships;  Our  Navy;  and  A  Desperate 
Chance,  a  story. 

KELLEY,  JAMES  F.,  journalist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1863,  near 
White  Oak  Springs,  Wis.  In  1890  he  be 
came  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Day  County  Herald  of  Webster,  S.  D.  In 
1894  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  South 
Dakota  state  senate;  and  received  the  re 
election  in  1896.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  people's  party,  state  league  of  South 
Dakota;  and  is  now  the  president  of  the 
J.  F.  Kelley  and  Company,  of  Webster, 
South  Dakota. 


KELLEY,  JOHN  EDWARD,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  March  27,  1853,  in 
Columbia  county,  Wis.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  public  schools  of  Wiscon 
sin,  and  from  private  instructors.  In  1891 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  South  Da 
kota  legislature;  and  became  a  leader  of 
the  independents  during  that  session.  In 
1892  he  was  nominated  for  congress  by 
the  people's  party;  and  made  a  brilliant 
campaign;  was  renominated  for  con 
gressman  at  large  in  1894;  again  in  1896, 
when  he  was  successful.  He  is  now  serv 
ing  with  distinction  in  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress.  He  is  a  successful  journalist  of 
Flandreau;  and  an  able  writer  on  eco 
nomic  questions. 

KELLEY,  JOHN  ELMER,  lawyer,  was 
born  Nov.  12,  1862,  in  Birmingham,  Iowa. 
He  was  mayor  of  McCook,  Neb.,  in  1894- 
96;  and  is  now  state  president  of  the 
American  Protective  association  in  Ne 
braska.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  Nebraska;  and  is  prominently 
identified  with  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state. 

KELLEY,  SAMUEL  HARLAN,  lawyer, 
was  born  March  27,  1861,  in  Marion,  Ind. 
He  attended  the  University  of  Missouri 
and  the  Columbian  Law  school;  and  is  now 
a  successful  corporation  lawyer  of  Benton 
Harbor,  Mich.  In  1882-86  he  was  adjudi 
cator  of  claims,  United  States  treasury, 
Washington,  D.  C.;  and  in  1886-87  was 
chief  clerk  of  the  United  States  land  of 
fice  in  Wakeeney,  Kan.  He  is  the  attorney 
of  the  C.  C.  C.  and  St.  Louis  railway  com 
pany;  and  general  solicitor  for  the  St. 
Joseph  Valley  railway  company. 

KELLEY,  WILLIAM  DARRAGH,  law 
yer,  congressman,  author,  was  born  April 
12,  1814,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  held  the 
office  of  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  in  Philadelphia  for  some  years.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  thirty-seventh,  thirty- 
eighth,  thirty-ninth,  fortieth,  forty-first, 
forty-second,  forty-third,  forty-fourth, 
forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh, 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Speeches,  Addresses,  and  Letters 
on  Political  Questions;  Letters  from  Eu 
rope;  Lincoln  and  Stanton;  and  The  Old 
South  and  The  New.  He  died  Jan.  9, 
1890,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

KELLOGG,  ALBERT,  botanist,  was  born 
Dec.  6,  1813,  in  New  Hartford,  Conn.  The 
first  accurate  description  of  the  big  trees 
of  California  was  made  by  him  and  pub 
lished  by  John  C.  Fremont  in  his  Re 
port  of  the  Exploring  Expedition  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains  in  1842,  and  to  Oregon 
and  North  California  in  the  years  1843-44. 
He  died  March  31,  1887,  in  Alameda,  Cal. 

KELLOGG,  ALFRED  HOSEA,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1837,  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
of  Detroit;  and  the  author  of  Abraham, 
Joseph,  and  Moses  in  Egypt,  an  attempted 
solution  of  the  Exodus  problem. 

KELLOGG.  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Berkshire  county.  Mass.  He 
served  six  years  in  the  New  York  as 
sembly  from  Cayuga  county;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congres*  from  that 
state  from  1825  to  1827. 

KELLOGG,  CLARA  LOUISE,  vocalist, 
was  born  July  12,  1842,  in  Sumterville,  S. 
C.  Her  first  success  was  as  the  Marguerite 
of  Faust,  which  she  sang  in  Italian  opera. 

KELLOGG,  EDWARD,  economist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1790,  in  Norwalk, 
Conn.  He  was  the  author  of  Labor  and 
Other  Capital.  He  died  April  29,  1858,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


547 


KELLOGG,  EDWARD  HENRY,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1828,  in  Ira,  N, 
Y.  In  1851  he  moved  to  New  York  city, 

took    a    position    as 

clerk    in    a   commis 
sion   house,  in  which 
K^         he  subsequently    be- 
^k        came  a  partner.     In 
,  0f±   '  1858   he    commenced 

the  manufacture  and 
.iMkJH  sale    of    lubricators, 

using  as  a  basis  ani 
mal  and  vegetable 
oil.  Soon  after  the 
introduction  of  pe 
troleum  for  illumi 
nating  purposes,  he 
saw  the  possibility  of  it  as  a  lubricator; 
and,  after  experimenting,  succeeded  in  ob 
taining  a  product  which  has  since  been 
recognized  as  a  standard  for  purity  and 
excellence,  both  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe.  In  1876  he  established  a  branch 
house  in  Liverpool,  which  has  since  be 
come  the  distributing  center  for  all  parts 
of  Europe. 

KELLOGG,  ELIJAH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  20,  1813,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  He  is  a  congregational  clergyman 
of  Harpswell,  Maine,  from  1844.  He  has 
written  many  popular  juvenile  books,  In 
cluding  Elm  Island  Series;  Forest  Glen 
Series;  Good  Old  Times  Series;  Pleasant 
Cove  Series;  and  Whispering  Pine  Series; 
but  perhaps  is  best  known  as  the  author 
of  the  Address  of  Spartacus  to  the 
Gladiators. 

KELLOGG,  FRANCIS  W.,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  May  30,  1810,  in 
Washington,  Mass.  He  served  in  the  leg 
islature  of  Michigan  in  1856-57;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state 
to  the  thirty-sixth  congress;  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-seventh  and  thirty-eighth 
congresses.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  col 
lector  of  internal  revenue  for  Alabama, 
and  was  elected  from  that  state  to  the  for 
tieth  congress,  as  a  republican.  He  died 
in  November,  1878,  in  Alliance,  Ohio. 

KELLOGG,  GEORGE,  inventor,  was 
born  June  19,  1812,  in  New  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  has  testified  as  an  expert  in 
noted  patent  cases,  and  has  made  many 
inventions,  including  a  machine  to  make 
jack-chain  at  the  rate  of  a  yard  a  minute. 

KELLOGG,  JOHN  HARVEY,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1852,  in  Michigan. 
He  is  a  physician  of  Battle  Creek,  Mich.; 
editor  of  Good  Health  for  many  years; 
and  the  author  of  Ladies'  Guide  in 
Health  and  Disease;  Home  Handbook  of 
Hygiene  and  Rational  Medicine;  Man  the 
Masterpiece;  and  Plain  Facts  for  Old  and 
Young. 

KELLOGG,  MARTIN,  college  president, 
was  born  March  15,  1828,  in  Vernon,  Conn. 
In  1893  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
university  of  California,  which  position 
he  still  holds. 

KELLOGG,  ORLANDO,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  18,  1809,  in 
Elizabethtown,  N.  Y.  In  1840  he  was  ap 
pointed  surrogate  of  Essex  county,  which 
office  he  held  for  four  years.  In  1846  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirtieth  congress;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  and  thirty- 
ninth  congresses.  He  died  Aug.  24,  1865, 
in  Elizabethtown,  N.  Y. 

KELLOGG,  SAMUEL  HENRY,  mis 
sionary,  author,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1839,  in 
Westhampton,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
missionary  to  India;  and  the  author  of 
Grammar  of  the  Hindoo  Language;  The 
Jews,  or  Prediction  and  Fulfillment;  The 
Light  of  Asia  and  the  Light  of  the  World; 
From  Death  to  Resurrection;  and  the 
Genesis  and  Growth  of  Religion. 


KELLOGG,  STEPHEN  W.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  April  5,  1822, 
in  Shelburne,  Mass.  He  was  judge  of  the 
New  Haven  county  court  in  1854;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  state  senate  in 
1853;  and  of  the  state  house  of  represen 
tatives  in  1856.  He  was  elected  judge  of 
probate  in  1854;  and  held  the  office  six 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-first, 
forty-second,  and  forty-third  congresses, 
as  a  republican. 

KELLOGG,  WARREN  FRANKLIN, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1860, 
in  Bi-ooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  editor  and 
owner  of  the  New  England  Magazine,  of 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  Recent 
French  Art;  and  Hunting  in  the  Jungle. 

KELLOGG,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  July  8, 
1814,  in  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio.  He 
served  in  the  state  legislature  in  1849  and 
1850;  and  was  three  years  judge  of  the 
circuit  court  of  Illinois.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-sixth  and  thirty-seventh 
congresses.  In  1866  he  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  Nebraska  territory. 

KELLOGG,  WILLIAM  PITT,  soldier, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor.  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1831,  in 
Orwell,  Vt.  He  was  a  presidential  elector 
from  Illinois  in  1856  and  1860;  and  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  conventions  of 
those  years.  Ho  was  appointed  chief  jus 
tice  of  Nebraska.  For  his  services  in 
Southern  Missouri  and  in  the  Corinth 
campaign,  he  was  made  a  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  was  appointed  collector  of  the 
port  of  New  Orleans;  and  in  1868  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  Louis 
iana  for  the  term  ending  in  1871.  He  was 
subsequently  elected  governor  of  Louis 
iana.  He  was  again  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  for  the  term  of  six  years 
from  1877;  and  in  1882  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  forty-eighth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

KELLUM,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Aug.  6,  1867,  in  Harrison  county,  Mo.  He 
graduated  from  the  Missouri  State  univer 
sity;  and  is  now  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Phoenix,  Ariz.;  and  assistant  district  at 
torney  of  Maricopa  county.  He  has  been 
United  States  court  commissioner  for 
Arizona;  and  has  filled  other  prominent 
public  positions  of  trust. 

KELLY,  EUGENE,  merchant,  banker, 
was  born  Nov.  25,  1806,  in  Ireland.  In 
1861  Mr.  Kelly  founded  in  San  Francisco 
the  banking  house 
of  Donohoe,  Ralston 
and  Co.,  and  in  New 
York  the  banking 
house  of  Eugene 
Kelly  and  Co.  In 
1864  Mr.  Ralston  re 
tired,  and.associating 
himself  with  D.  O. 
Mills,  subsequently 
became  one  of  the 
leading  financiers  of 
the  West.  The  San 
Francisco  bank  then 
took  the  name  of  Donohoe,  Kelly  and  Co., 
Mr.  Donohoe  managing  partner,  and  so 
continued  until  1891,  when  the  partners 
incorporated  as  a  joint  stock  company  un 
der  the  title  of  the  Donohoe-Kelly  Bank 
ing  Co.  He  died  Dec.  19,  1894,  in  Ireland. 
KELLY,  JAMES,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1805  to  1809. 

KELLY,  JAMES  EDWARD,  sculptor, 
was  born  July  30,  1855,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1883  he  was  chosen  from  among  many 
competitors  to  make  the  five  bas-reliefs 
which  surround  the  base  of  the  Monmouth 


battle  monument.  The  subjects  selected 
were  Council  of  War  at  Hopewell,  Wash 
ington  Rallying  the  Troops,  Ramsay  De 
fending  His  Guns,  Molly  Pitcher,  and 
Wayne's  Charge. 

KELLY,  JAMES  KERR,  soldier,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Feb. 
16,  1819,  in  Centre  county,  Pa.  In  1852  he 
was  elected  one  of  three  commissioners  to 
prepare  a  code  of  laws  for  Oregon  ter 
ritory;  and  was  a  member  of  the  legisla 
tive  council  from  1853  to  1857.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  framed 
the  constitution  of  Oregon  in  1857;  and 
was  a  senator  in  the  state  legislature  from 
1860  to  1864.  In  1855  he  was  chosen  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  first  regiment  of 
Oregon  mounted  volunteers;  and  was  en 
gaged  in  the  Yakima  Indian  war  in  1855 
and  1856.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in 
congress  for  the  term  commencing  in  1871 
and  ending  in  1877. 

KELLY,  JOHN,  antiquarian,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  March  7,  1786,  in  War 
ner,  N.  H.  He  was  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature;  clerk  of  the  house  in  1828;  and 
state  councillor  in  1846.  He  removed  to 
Exeter  in  1831;  and  for  many  years  edited 
the  News  Letter.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1860, 
in  Exeter,  N.  H. 

KELLY,  JOHN,  public  official,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  21,  1821,  in  New 
York.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  con 
gresses.  He  died  June  1,  1886,  in  New 
York  city. 

KELLY,  JONATHAN  FALCON- 
BRIDGE,  author,  was  born  in  1818,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  the  author  of 
Memoirs  of  Falconbridge,  a  collection  of 
humorous  scenes. 

KELLY,  MICHAEL  JOSEPH,  jurist, 
banker,  state  senator,  was  born  March  22, 
1850,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  senator  of  the 
Iowa  state  legislature  for  eight  years;  and 
president  of  the  senate  for  two  years.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  farmers'  congress  for 
three  sessions;  and  president  of  the 
Williamsburgh  Savings  bank  for  the  past 
thirteen  years. 

KELLY,  MILTON,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  appointed  an 
associate  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Idaho. 

KELLY,  PATRICK,  college  president, 
bishop,  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  was 
president  of  Birchfield  college;  and  was 
the  first  Roman  catholic  archbishop  of 
the  diocese  of  Richmond.  He  died  Oct. 
8,  1829,  in  Ireland. 

KELLY,  ROBERT,  philanthropist,  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1808,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  the  founder  of  the  Free  academy,  now 
College  of  the  city  of  New  York;  president 
of  the  board  of  education;  a  regent  of  the 
state  university;  and  a  founder  and  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Rochester 
university.  He  died  April  27,  1856. 

KELLY,  ROBERT  MORROW,  lawyer, 
journalist,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1836,  in 
Paris,  Ky.  In  his  youth  he  was  engaged 
in  educational  work;  and  was  city  at 
torney  of  Cynthiana,  Ky.  During  the  war 
he  was  captain,  major,  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  colonel  in  the  fourth  regiment  Ken 
tucky  infantry  United  States  volunteers. 
He  subsequently  served  as  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue  for  the  seventh  district  of 
Kentucky;  was  United  States  pension 
agent  for  Kentucky;  and  editor-in-chief 
of  the  Louisville  Daily  Commercial. 

KELLY,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  about 
1770,  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Louisiana  during  the 
years  1821  and  1822;  and  a  senator  in 
congress  from  1822  to  1825.  He  died  abdut 
1832,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 


548 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


KELLY,  WILLIAM,  philanthropist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1807,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  president  of  the 
state  agricultural  society  in  1854;  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  state  agricultural  col 
lege  at  Ovid,  N.  Y.;  and  president  of  its 
board  of  trustees.  He  was  a  state  senator 
in  1855-56;  and  the  unsuccessful  demo 
cratic  candidate  for  governor  of  New 
York  in  1860.  He  died  Jan.  14,  1872,  in 
Torquay,  England. 

KELLY,  WILLIAM,  inventor,  was  born 
Aug.  22,  1811,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  built  a  propelling 
water-wheel,  and  four  years  later  a  re 
volving  steam  engine.  He  died  Feb.  11, 
1888,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

KELLY,  WILLIAM  D.,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1865,  in 
Ferrysburg,  Mich.  For  many  years  he 
was  successfully  engaged  in  the  wholesale 
lumber  business  in  Muskegon,  Mich.;  and 
for  a  number  of  years  past  has  given 
his  attention  to  the  real  estate  and  in 
surance  business.  In  1892  he  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  chamber  of  com 
merce,  of  which  he  is  secretary.  In  1895 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  legislature;  and  received  re-election 
to  that  office  in  1897. 

KELSEY,  CHARLES  BOYD,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1850,  in 
Farmington,  Conn.  In  1888-89  he  was  ap 
pointed  professor  of  diseases  of  the  rect 
um  in  the  university  of  Vermont.  He  is 
the  author  of  Annual  of  the  Universal 
Medical  Sciences;  and  Encyclopedic  Med 
ical  Directory. 

KELSEY,  WILLIAM  D.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Jan.  1,  1847,  in  LeClaire,  Iowa.  For 
five  years  he  was  postmaster  under  Presi 
dent  Grant;  has  served  as  clerk  of  the  dis 
trict  court;  was  district  attorney;  and  is 
now  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Colo 
rado,  with  a  large  practice  in  Holyoke. 

KELSEY,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1812,  in 
Smyrna,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first  con 
gresses. 

KELSO,  CHARLES  D.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Sept.  20,  1863,  in  New  Albany,  Ind. 
He  attended  the  Louisville  Law  school; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar;  for  four  years 
was  city  attorney  of  his  native  town; 
and  for  two  years  county  attorney 
of  Floyd  county,  Ind.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  law  firm  of  Kelso  and  Kelso,  of  New 
Albany. 

KELSO,  JAMES  V.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  April  16,  1835,  in  Madison,  Ind. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  common  and  high  schools  of 
his  native  county;  attended  the  New  Al 
bany  university,  and  the  Asbury  univer 
sity.  He  served  three  years  as  a  union 
soldier  during  the  civil  war,  and  partici 
pated  in  the  battles  of  Stone  River,  Chick- 
amauga,  and  Missionary  Ridge.  For  eight 
years  he  was  city  attorney  of  New  Albany, 
Ind.;  for  ten  years  was  county  attorney  of 
Floyd  county;  and  for  three  years  was 
trustee  of  the  New  Albany  city  schools. 

KELSO,  JOHN  R.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  21,  1831,  in  Franklin 
county,  Ohio.  He  served  through  the  war 
for  the  union  as  a  lieutenant  and  captain; 
and  in  1864  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress. 

KELSO,  THOMAS,  philanthropist,  was 
born  in  1784,  in  Ireland.  He  founded  the 
Kelso  orphan  home,  for  the  orphans  of 
members  of  the  methodist  church,  at  a 
cost  of  $120,000;  and  gave  liberally  to 
churches  in  Baltimore  and  Washington. 
He  died  July  26,  1878,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 


KELTON,  JOHN  CUNNINGHAM,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  June  24,  1828,  in 
Delaware  county,  Pa.  He  is  a  brigadier- 
general  in  the  United  States  army;  and 
the  author  of  New  Manual  of  the  Bayo 
net;  Fencing  with  Foils;  Pigeons  as  Cour 
iers;  and  Information  for  Riflemen. 

KEM,  OMER  MADISON,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  13,  1855,  in  Wayne  county, 
Ind.  In  1890  he  removed  to  Broken  Bow, 
Neb.,  to  fill  an  appointment  as  deputy 
treasurer  of  Custer  county.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  con 
gresses;  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  populist. 

KEMBLE,  FRANCES  ANNE,  actress, 
author,  was  born  in  1809.  She  is  better 
known  as  Fanny  Kemble.  She  wrote  sev 
eral  plays;  a  story  of  her  life  on  a  Geor 
gia  plantation;  and  numerous  poems, 
which  were  published  in  Boston. 

KEMBLE,  GOUVERNEUR,  manufact 
urer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1786, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1837  to  1841.  He 
died  Sept.  16,  1875,  in  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y. 

KEMEYS,  EDWARD,  sculptor,  was 
born  Jan.  31,  1843,  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He 
has  made  a  specialty  of  the  wild  animals 
of  the  American  continent.  His  Fight 
Between  Buffalo  and  Wolves  has  attract 
ed  much  attention. 

KEMP,  ELLWOOD  L.,  educator,  lect 
urer,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1857,  in  Ham 
burg,  Pa.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Palatinate  college  of  Myerstown,  Pa.;  and 
is  now  connected  with  the  state  normal 
school  of  East  Stroudsburg,  Pa.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled,  An 
Idyl  of  the  War,  and  Other  Poems. 

KEMP,  HENRY  E.,  merchant,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1860,  in  Bristol, 
Wis.  He  is  a  successful  hardware  mer 
chant  of  Phoenix,  Arizona;  and  a  heavy 
stockholder  in  various  other  business  en 
terprises.  He  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  eighteenth  legislative 
council  of  the  Arizona  territorial  legisla 
ture,  from  Maricopa  county.  He  was  the 
first  president  of  the  Phoenix  chamber  of 
commerce;  and  has  taken  a  prominent 
part  in  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 
Arizona. 

KEMP,  MRS.  ISABEL  F.,  poet,  was 
born  Aug.  13,  1849,  in  Eaglefield,  Ind.  She 
has  attained  success  as  a  vocalist  and  a 
teacher  of  music;  and  is  also  the  author 
of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 

KEMP,  JAMES,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  in  1764,  in  Scotland.  Having  been 
elected  by  the  convention  of  Maryland,  he 
was  consecrated, in  1814,  suffragan  bishop; 
and  in  1816  he  succeeded  to  the  bishopric. 
He  published,  in  addition  to  several  oc 
casional  discourses,  A  Tract  on  Con 
version;  Letters  in  Vindication  of  Epis 
copacy;  A  Sermon  on  Deathbed  Repent 
ance;  and  A  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Bish 
op  Claggett.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1827,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

KEMPER,  GENERAL  WILLIAM  HAR 
RISON,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Dec. 
16,  1839,  in  Rush  county,  Ind.  In  1865  he 
graduated  from  the  Long  Island  college 
with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  He  has  attained 
success  in  his  profession  at  Muncie,  Ind.; 
has  been  coroner  of  Delaware  county;  ex 
amining  surgeon  for  pensions;  and  In 
1886  was  elected  president  of  the  Indiana 
State  Medical  society.  He  served  through 
the  war,  first  as  a  private  in  the  seventh 
regiment,  and  became  assistant  surgeon 
of  the  seventeenth  regiment  Indiana  vol 
unteer  infantry.  He  has  contributed  more 
than  fifty  articles  to  medical  societies 


and   journals;     and   is  a  member   of  the 
leading  medical  bodies  of  America. 

KEMPER,  JAMES  LAWSON,  soldier, 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  June  11, 
1823,  in  Madison  county,  Va.  He  served 
through  the  war  with  Mexico  as  a  captain; 
and  served  ten  years  in  the  legislature  of 
his  native  state.  He  served  as  a  colonel, 
and  became  a  major-general  in  the  con 
federate  army  during  the  rebellion.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  governor  of  Virginia. 

KEMPSHALL,  THOMAS,  congressman, 
was  bora  in  England.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
state  from  1839  to  1841;  and  was  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  Rochester,  where  he 
died  Jan.  14,  1865. 

KEMPSTER,  WALTER,  soldier,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  May  25,  1842, 
in  London,  England.  Entering  the  na 
tional  army  as  a  private,  he  served 
throughout  the  civil  war,  and  in  1865  be 
came  acting  assistant  surgeon.  Since  1873 
he  has  been  superintendent  of  the  North 
ern  Wisconsin  hospital  for  the  insane,  at 
Oshkosh,  Wis. 

KENAN,  THOMAS,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1771  in  Duplin 
county,  N.  C.  In  1799  he  was  a  member 
of  the  house  of  delegates;  served  in  the 
state  senate  in  1804;  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  North  Carolina 
from  1805  to  1811.  He  subsequently  moved 
to  Alabama,  where  he  served  for  many 
years  in  the  legislature  of  that  state,  but 
declined  a  re-election  to  congress.  He 
died  Oct.  22,  1843,  near  Selma,  Ala. 

KENDALL,  ADELBERT  A.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  March  3,  1851,  in  Janes- 
ville,  Wis.  In  1886  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  in  1893  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
eleventh  judicial  district  of  Nebraska; 
was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  1894; 
and  re-elected  to  the  same  position  in 
1895.  He  has  acquired  a  good  reputation 
as  an  able  lawyer  of  St.  Paul,  Neb. 

KENDALL,  AMOS,  author,  journalist, 
was  born  Aug.  16,  1789,  in  Dunstable, 
Mass.  In  1829  he  was  appointed  fourth 
auditor  of  the  treasury  of  Kentucky;  and 
in  1835  was  promoted  to  the  position  of 
postmaster-general.  He  subsequently  took 
up  his  residence  in  Washington  City.  He 
was  the  founder  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  In 
stitution  in  Washington.  He  wrote  a 
History  of  His  Life  and  Times;  and  a 
Life  of  Andrew  Jackson.  He  died  Nov.  11, 
1869,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

KENDALL,  CHARLES  WEST,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
22,  1828,  in  Searsmont,  Maine.  He  was 
educated  at  Phillips' 
academy,  Massachu 
setts,  and  attended  a 
partial  course  at 
Yale  college,  studied 
law  in  Sacramento, 
Cal.,  and  practiced  in 
Nevada.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legis 
lature  of  California 
in  1861  and  1862;  and 
was  elected  to  the 
forty  -  second  and 
fort  y-t  bird  con 
gresses  from  Nevada.  He  is  a  successful 
orator;  and  served  on  several  important 
committees  while  in  congress. 

KENDALL,  EDWARD  HALE,  architect, 
was  born  July  31,  1842,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  associated  in  designing  the  or 
iginal  Equitable  building;  and  was  the 
architect  of  the  German  Savings  bank  on 
Fourth  Avenue;  the  Washington  building 
on  lower  Broadway;  and  the  residences 
of  Robert  and  Ogden  Goelet  on  Fifth 
avenue,  New  York  city. 


HKRR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


549 


KENDALL,  EZRA  OTIS,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  17,  1818,  in  Wilming 
ton,  Mass.  In  1855  he  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  mathematics  in  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania;  and  in  1883  was  chosen  to 
fill  the  office  of  vice-provost.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  Uranography. 

KENDALL,  FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS, 
soldier,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1838,  in  Con 
cord,  N.  H.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Concord;  Meriden 
college,  New  Hampshire;  attended  Dart 
mouth  college  in  1856-57;  and  Bow- 
doin  college  in  1858-60.  In  1861  he  en 
listed  in  company  B,  eleventh  regiment 
Indiana  volunteer  infantry,  and  during 
several  transfers  was  rapidly  advanced  un 
til  he  became  captain.  In  1866  he  entered 
the  regular  service,  was  on  frontier  service 
in  Texas  until  1874,  when  he  was  in  re 
cruiting  service  at  Cleveland.  He  was 
professor  of  military  science  and  tactics 
at  the  Brooks'  Military  academy  until  1879, 
when  he  returned  to  Texas  for  duty,  until 
retired  from  active  service  in  1884.  In 
1889  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Cleve 
land  Life  Underwriters'  association,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1890  and  in  1893.  In 
1896  he  was  elected  junior  vice-command 
er  of  the  Ohio  eommandery  of  the  Mili 
tary  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion;  and  his 
wife  is  also  regent  of  the  Cleveland  chap 
ter  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American 
Revolution. 

KENDALL,  GEORGE  WILKINS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1810  in  Ver 
mont.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  Orleans; 
and  the  author  of  The  War  between  the 
United  States  and  Mexico;  and  The  Texan 
Santa  Fe  Expedition. 

KENDALL,  JONAS,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1757  in  Worcester, 
Mass.  He  served  thirteen  years  in  the 
legislature  of  Massachusetts;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1819  to  1821.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1844, 
in  Leominster,  Mass. 

KENDALL.  JOSEPH  G.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1788.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1829  to  1833.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1847,  in  Wor 
cester,  Mass. 

KENDALL,  JOSEPH  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  12,  1863,  in  West 
Liberty,  Ky.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress  to 
fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death 
of  his  father.  He 
declined  a  re-elec 
tion;  but  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  demo 
crat.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  of 
Prestonburg,  K  y., 
and  has  taken  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  pub 
lic  affairs  of  his  city, 
His  father  was  the 
Hon.  John  W.  Kendall,  a  noted  confeder 
ate  cavalry  officer,  jurist  and  statesman. 

KENDALL,  JOSEPH  WILKINS,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1809,  in  Mount 
Vernon,  N.  H.  He  attained  high  rank  as 
a  journalist,  and  was  prominent  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  native  state. 

KENDALL,  MILTON  T.,  poet.  He  is  a 
successful  writer  of  Washington,  Pa. 

KENDRICK,  ASAHEL  CLARK,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1809,  in  Poult- 
ney,  Vt.  He  was  a  noted  Greek  scholar 
who  was  professor  of  Greek  at  Rochester 
tiniversity  since  1850;  and  the  author  of 
Echoes:  metrical  translations  from  the 
Greek  and  German;  The  Moral  Conflict 
of  Humanity  and  Other  Papers:  Life  of 
Mrs.  Emily  Jurtson;  A  Child's  Book  of 


county    and    state. 


Greek;  and  Introduction  to  the  Greek 
Language.  He  was  one  of  the  reviser's 
of  the  New  Testament,  published  inde 
pendent  commentaries  and  translations, 
and  edited  Our  Poetical  Favorites. 

KENDRICK,  C.,  physician,  surgeon,  leg 
islator,  was  born  May  24,  1852,  in  Hardin 
county,  Tenn.  He  served  two  terms  in 
the  Mississippi  house  of  representatives; 
and  is  now  serving  his  third  term  in  the 
state  senate. 

KENDRICK,  NATHANIEL,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  April  22,  1777,  in 
Hanover,  N.  H.  He  was  a  successful  cler 
gyman;  and  professor  of  theology  and 
moral  philosophy  in  the  Madison  univer 
sity  of  Hamilton  from  1822  until  his  death. 
He  died  Sept.  11,  1848. 

KENLY,  JOHN  REESE,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  1822  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He 
was  a  captain  and  major  of  volunteers  in 
the  Mexican  war,  and  brigadier-general  in 
the  federal  army  in  the  civil  war.  He  was 
the  author  of  Memoirs  of  a  Maryland 
Volunteer  in  the  Mexican  War. 

KENNA,  JOHN  EDWARD,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  April  10,  1848,  in  Valcoulon, 
__^_____  W.  Va.  He  served  in 

the  confederate  army 
during  the  war  of 
the  rebellion.  He  was 
prosecuting  attorney 
.  -.  p  from  1872  to  1877; 
and  was  elected  a 
representative  from 
West  Virginia  to  the 
forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh, 
and  fort  y-eighth 
congresses.  He  re- 
'  signed  in  1883  to  take 
his  seat  as  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  West  Virginia  for  the  term  of  six 
years  from  1883;  and  was  re-elected  for 
the  term  ending  in  1895.  He  died  Jan  11 
1893. 

KENNAN,  GEORGE,  traveler,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  16,  1845,  in  Norwalk,  Ohio. 
He  is  a  noted  traveler  who  made  a  care 
ful  investigation  of  the  Russian  exile  sys 
tem  for  The  Century  Magazine,  and  drew 
world-wide  attention  to  the  subject.  He 
is  the  author  of  Tent  Life  in  Siberia;  and 
Siberia  and  the  Exile  System. 

KENNEDY,  ANDREW,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1810  in  Ohio. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  of 
Indiana;  and  represented  that  state  in 
congress,  1841  to  1847.  He  died  Dec  31 
1847,  in  Muncie.  Ind. 

KENNEDY,  ANTHONY,  manufacturer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1811  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  Virginia  from  1839  to  18"43. 
He  moved  to  Baltimore  in  1850;  and  was 
elected  to  the  Maryland  legislature  in 
1856.  He  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  for  six  years  from  1857.  He  died 
July  31,  1892,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 

KENNEDY,  CRAMMOND,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1842,  in  Scotland. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Washington;  and  the 
author  of  James  Stanly,  a  Sunday-School 
tale;  The  Liberty  of  the  Press;  Corn  in 
the  Blade,  a  book  of  verse;  and  Close 
Communion  or  Open  Communion. 

KENNEDY,  JAMES  K.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  an  associate  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Wash 
ington. 

KENNEDY,  JOHN  PENDLETON,  law 
yer,  statesman,  author,  was  born  in  Oc 
tober,  1795,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  house  of  delegates  of 
Maryland  in  1820,  1822,  and  1846;  and  was 
speaker  in  the  latter  year.  In  1838  he 
was  elected  to  the  house  of  representatives 
in  the  federal  legislature,  and  served  in 


that  body  through  the  twenty-fifth,  twen 
ty-seventh,  and  twenty-eighth  congresses. 
In  1849  he  was  chosen  by  the  regents  of 
the  university  of  Maryland  to  preside  over 
that  institution  as  provost.  His  princi 
pal  works  are:  Annals  of  Quodlibet;  At 
Home  and  Abroad;  Swallow  Barn;  Horse- 
Shoe  Robinson;  Rob  of  the  Bowl;  and 
Life  of  William  Wirt.  He  died  Aug.  18, 
1870,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

KENNEDY,  JOSEPH  CAMP  GRIF 
FITH,  statistician,  was  born  April  1,  1813, 
in  Meadville,  Pa.  He  was  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  National  institute,  and 
of  the  United  States  Agricultural  society, 
and  editor  of  the  journal  of  the  latter. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  statistical  board 
of  Belgium;  of  the  Geographical  society 
of  Prussia;  of  the  statistical  societies  of 
France,  England,  and  Ireland,  and  of 
other  European  and  American  associa 
tions.  He  died  July  13,  1887,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

KENNEDY,  JOSIAH  FORREST,  phy 
sician,  educator,  surgeon,  was  born  Jan. 
31,  1834,  in  Landisburg,  Pa.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  obstetrics  in  the  Iowa  State  uni 
versity  and  the  Iowa  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
International  Congress  of  Hygiene  held 
in  London  in  1891;  and  is  at  present  sec 
retary  to  the  Iowa  state  board  of  health. 
KENNEDY,  NATHAN  B.,  physician, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1837,  in  Sumpter 
county,  Ala.  In  1860  he  graduated  from 
the  medical  depart 
ment  of  Tulane  uni 
versity,  and  the  fol 
lowing  year  entered 
the  confederate  army 
as  assistant  surgeon, 
serving  in  that  ca 
pacity  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  For 
thirty-four  years  he 
was  actively  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  but  has 
now  retired  and  lives 
in  Hillsboro,  Texas.  He  has  contributed 
extensively  to  the  periodical  press,  and  his 
poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  Poets  of 
America  and  other  standard  works. 

KENNEDY,  ROBERT  PATTERSON, 
soldier,  lawyer,  lieutenant-governor,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1840,  in  Belle- 
fontaine,  Ohio.  He  served  in  the  civil  war 
and  attained  the  rank  of  brevet  brigadier- 
general.  He  was  appointed  collector  of 
internal  revenue  in  Ohio  in  1878,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  office  till  the  consolidation 
of  the  Ohio  districts  in  1883.  He  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  in  1885;  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
republican. 

KENNEDY,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1803  to  1805,  from 
1809  to  1811,  and  from  1813  to  1815. 

KENNEDY,  WILLIAM  RIDDELL,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  March  27,  1844,  in 
Springfield,  Pa.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  at  the  common 
schools;  attended  the  Normal  academy 
of  West  Chester,  Pa.;  and  one  term  in  the 
law  department  of  the  Douglass  university 
of  Chicago.  In  1876  he  was  a  member  of 
the  constitutional  convention  of  Colorado; 
has  been  county  attorney  of  Hinsdale 
county;  city  attorney  of  Leadville;  judge 
of  probate  of  Gilpin  county,  Colo.;  and 
secretary  of  the  state  senate  of  the  ninth 
general  assembly  of  Colorado.  He  is  one 
of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the  west,  and 
has  a  large  practice  in  Leadville,  where  he 
takes  a  prominent  part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  Colorado. 


.-,.-,11 


HERRINUSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


KENNEDY,  WILLIAM  SLOANE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  3,  1822,  in 
Muncy,  Pa.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Ohio;  and  the  author  of 
Messianic  Prophecies;  Life  of  Christ; 
History  of  the  Plan  of  Union;  and  Sacred 
Analysis.  He  died  in  1861. 

KENNEDY,  WILLIAM  SLOANE,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1850  in  Ohio.  He  is 
a  writer  of  Belmont,  Mass.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Lives  of  Longfellow,  Holmes,  and 
Whittier;  Wonders  and  Curiosities  of 
the  Railway,  Poems  of  the  Weird  and 
Mystical;  Reminiscences  of  Walt  Whit 
man;  Art  of  Life,  a  Ruskin  Anthology; 
Whittier,  the  Poet  of  Freedom;  In  Por 
tia's  Gardens;  and  Bibliography  and  Lit 
erary  History  of  Leaves  of  Grass. 

KENNER,  DUNCAN  F.,  planter,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1813 
in  New  Orleans.  He  served  for  several 
terms  in  the  Louisiana  legislature;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  confederate  con 
gress.  He  owned  one  of  the  largest  stock- 
farms  in  the  United  States.  He  died  July 
3,  1887,  in  New  Orleans. 

KENNETT,  A.  CROSBY,  manufacturer, 
legislator,  state  senator,  was  born  July 
27,  1859,  in  Madison,  N.  H.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  spool  manufacturer  of  Conway, 
N.  H.;  has  been  a  representative  in  the 
New  Hampshire  state  legislature;  and  is 
now  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 

KENNETT,  LUTHER  M.,  merchant, 
railroad  president,  congressman,  was  born 
March  15,  1807,  in  Falmouth,  Ky.  In  1850 
he  was  elected  mayor  of  St.  Louis,  and  re- 
elected  in  1851  and  1852.  In  1853  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  St.  Louis  and  Iron 
Mountain  railroad;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Missouri  from  1855 
to  1857. 

KENNEY.  RICHARD  R.,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  9, 
1856,  in  Sussex  county,  Del.  He  was 
elected  state  librari 
an  in  1879,  and  held 
that  office  for  two 
terms.  He  was  ap 
pointed  adjutant- 
general  of  Delaware 
in  1887,  and  retired 
from  that  office  at 
the  end  of  his  term 
in  1891.  He  was  del- 
egate  to  the  national 
democratic  conven- 
tion  at  Chicago  in 
1892;  was  made  a 
member  of  the  democratic  national  com 
mittee  in  1896,  which  position  he  still 
holds.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  as  a  democrat  in  1897,  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 

KENNON,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  moved  to 
Ohio;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1829  to 
1833,  from  1833  to  1837,  and  from  1847  to 
1849. 

KENRICK.  FRANCIS  PATRICK,  arch 
bishop,  author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1797,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  the  Roman  catholic 
archbishop  of  Baltimore  in  1851-63;  and 
the  author  of  Theologia  Dogmatica;  The- 
ologia  Moralis;  The  Primacy  of  the  Apos 
tolic  See  Vindicated;  Vindication  of  the 
Catholic  Church;  and  End  of  Religious 
Controversy  Controverted.  He  also  pub 
lished  a  translation  of  the  Scriptures  with 
commentary.  He  died  July  6,  1863,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

KENRICK,  PETER  RICHARD,  arch 
bishop,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1806,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  the  first  Roman  catholic 
archbishop  of  St.  Louis.  In  the  Ecumen 
ical  council  of  1870  he  actively  opposed  the 
dogma  of  papal  infallibility;  and  the  au 


thor  of  The  Holy  House  of  Lorretto;  Ang 
lican  Ordinations;  and  Concia  in  Concilio 
Vaticana.  He  died  in  1896. 

KENT,  ARATUS,  clergyman,  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1794,  in  Suffield,  Conn.  He  or 
ganized  the  first  presbyterian  church  in 
Galena,  111.,  in  1831,  and  was  its  pastor 
till  1848,  when  he  became  agent  for  the 
Home  Missionary  society  in  northern  Il 
linois,  serving  till  1868.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  Beloit  college  and  of  Rock- 
ford  Female  seminary.  He  died  Nov.  8, 
1869,  in  Galena,  111. 

KENT,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1802, 
in  Concord,  N.  H.  In  1827  he  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  court  of  sessions  for 
Penobscot  county;  and  from  1829  to  1833 
was  a  member  of  the  Maine  legislature. 
He  was  governor  of  Maine  from  1838  to 
1840;  and  in  1843  was  appointed  by  the 
legislature  one  of  the  commissioners  for 
settling  the  Maine  boundary  line  under 
the  Ashburton  treaty.  In  1859  he  was  ap 
pointed  associate  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Maine.  He  died  May  19,  1877,  in 
Bangor,  Maine. 

KENT,  HENRY  BRAINARD,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1855,  in  Hopkinton,  N.  Y. 
He  was  the  author  of  A  Graphic  Sketch 
of  the  West.  He  died  June  25,  1890,  at 
Canon  City,  Colo.,  while  traveling  in  the 
west. 

KENT,  HENRY  OAKES,  soldier,  law 
yer,  manufacturer,  banker,  legislator,  was 
born  Feb.  7,  1834,  in  Lancaster,  N.  H.  He 
received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Lancast 
er  academy;  and  in 
1854  graduated  from 
the  Norwich  univer 
sity;  and  has  had 
the  degrees  of  B.  S., 
A.  M.,  LL.  D:  con 
ferred  upon  him.  In 
1862  he  was  assist 
ant  adjutant-general 
of  New  Hampshire, 
and  during  the  civil 
war  he  served  with 
merit  as  colonel  in  the  seventeenth  regi 
ment  New  Hampshire  volunteers.  He  was 
naval  officer  for  the  port  of  Boston;  dele 
gate  to  three  national  conventions;  has 
been  state  representative,  senator,  presi 
dential  elector, 'nominee  for  congress  thres 
times,  and  twice  for  governor.  He  is  a 
successful  attorney,  and  president  of 
banks  and  the  Lancaster  Trust  com 
pany;  has  owned  and  controlled  paper 
mills  and  starch  mills;  and  been  director 
in  various  banks  and  insurance  com 
panies.  He  is  a  thirty-three  degree  ma 
son;  has  been  post  commander  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic;  and  for 
twelve  years  was  engaged  in  journalism 
as  editor.  Also  as  a  writer  and  speaker 
on  economic,  fraternal  and  masonic  top 
ics  he  is  well  known. 

KENT,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  July  31,  1763,  in  Putnam  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  jurist  of  eminence,  who 
was  chancellor  of 
New  York  in  1814-23, 
and  professor  of  law 
at  Columbia  college 
in  1793-98,  and  again 
on  retiring  from  the 
chancellorship  of  the 
state.  His  famous 
Commentaries  o  n 
American  Law,  a 
work  of  the  highest 
authority,  reached  a 
thirteenth  edition  in 
1884,  that  of  Holmes 
and  Barnes.  He  published  also  a  treatise 
On  the  Charter  of  New  York  City.  He 
died  Dec.  12,  1847.  in  New  York  city. 


I .-; 


KENT,  JAMES  V.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  May  29,  1847,  in  Clinton 
county,  Ind.  In  early  days  he  taught 
school;  then  studied  law;  and  in  1870- 
73  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney.  Dur 
ing  1876-80  he  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  of  the  Indiana  legislature.  Since 
1896  he  has  been  judge  of  the  forty-fifth 
judicial  circuit  for  the  term  ending  in 
1902. 

KENT,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  govern 
or,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan. 
14,  1779,  in  Calvert  county,  Md.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  his  na 
tive  state  from  1811  to  1815,  and  from  1821 
to  1826;  governor  of  Maryland  from  1826- 
to  1829;  and  United  States  senator  from 
1833  to  1837.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1837,  near 
Bladensburg,  Md. 

KENT,    MARVIN,   merchant,   manufac 
turer,    banker,    railroad    president,    legis 
lator,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1816,  in   Raven- 
n;i.    oiiin.      iir    waa 
educated    chiefly    at 
Tallmadge  and  Clari- 
don    academies,    and 
received   a  thorough 
business   training   in 
the  store  of  his  fath 
er,     Zenas     Kent,     a 
foremost  merchant  of 
northern    Ohio.      He 
subsequently  entered 
co-partnership     with 
his  father.    Upon  the 
death   of    his    father 
in  1865  he  became  president  of  the  Kent's 
National    bank,    which    position    he    still 
fills.    In  1875  he  was  elected  state  senator, 
and   declined  a  renomination.     The   town 
of  Franklin   Mills  was   changed   to   Kent 
in  honor  of  its  chief  promoter. 

KENT,  MOSS,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Rensselaer  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly  in  1807 
and  1810  from  Jefferson  county;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1813  to  1817. 

KENT,  WILLIAM,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1802.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  successful  lawyer  in  New 
York  city,  and  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court. 
For  a  short  time  he  was  a  professor  in 
Harvard  university.  He  died  Jan.  4.  1861, 
in  Fishkill,  N.  Y. 

KEN  TON,  SIMON,  pioneer,  soldier,  was 
born  April  13,  1755,  in  Fauquier  county, 
Va.  He  commanded  a  battalion  of  Ken 
tucky  volunteers  as  major  in  1793-94.  be 
came  brigadier-general  of  Ohio  militia  in 
1805,  and  fought  at  the  battle  of  the 
Thames  in  1813.  He  died  April  29.  1836. 
in  Logan  county,  Ohio. 

KENYON,  JAMES  BENJAMIN,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  April  26,  1858. 
in  Frankfort,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  of  Syracuse  who  has  written  much 
verse  of  a  pleasing  if  not  very  striking 
kind.  He  is  the  author  of  Out  of  the 
Shadows;  The  Fallen,  and  Other  Poems; 
Songs  in  All  Seasons;  In  Realms  of  Gold; 
At  the  Gate  of  Dreams;  and  An  Oaten 
Pipe. 

KENYON,  WILLIAM  ASBURY,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1817,  in  Hingham,  Mass. 
His  poems  were  suggested  by  prairie 
scenes,  and  satirize  backwoods  customs 
with  more  truth  than  poetry.  These  were 
included  in  Miscellaneous  Poems,  to  which 
are  added  Writings  in  Prose  on  Various 
Subjects.  He  died  Jan.  25,  1862,  in  Hing 
ham,  Mass. 

KENYON,  WILLIAM  COLGROVE,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1812,  in 
Richmond,  R.  I.  He  was  the  founder  and 
first  president  of  Alfred  university,  which 
office  he  held  for  ten  years.  He  died  June 
7,  1867,  in  England. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN 


BIOGRAPH  f. 


KENYON,  WILLIAM  S.,  congressman. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

KEOGH,  EDWARD,  business  man,  state 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1835,  in  Ireland. 
In  1860  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Wisconsin  legislature,  and  in  1863  was 
elected  state  senator. 

KEPHART,  EZEKIEL  VORING,  clergy 
man,  bishop,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov. 
6,  1834,  in  Decatur,  Pa.  He  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  Western  college;  and  has 
served  as  a  state  senator  in  the  Iowa  leg 
islature.  In  1881  he  was  elected  bishop  of 
the  church  of  the  United  Brethren  in 
Christ,  with  headquarters  in  Baltimore, 
Md. 

KEPPLE.  GEORGE  E.,  journalist,  was 
born  April  15,  1863,  in  Butler  county,  Pa. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  State 
Lick  academy,  and  the  Curry  university 
of  Pittsburg.  He  is  the  editor  of  The 
American  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.;  where  he  is 
a  prominent  member  of  several  secret, 
patriotic,  and  fraternal  orders-:. 

KER,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist.  He  was 
an  early  emigrant  to  the  territory  of  Mis 
sissippi;  and  in  1802  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  United  States  court  for  that 
territory. 

KER,  DAVID,  journalist,  'author,  was 
born  in  England.  He  is  a  journalist  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  The 
Broken  Image,  and  Other  Tales;  On  the 
Road  to  Khiva;  The  Wild  Horseman  of 
the  Pampas;  The  Boy  Slave  in  Bokhara; 
From  the  Hudson  to  the  Neva;  Lost 
Among  White  Africans;  Into  Unknown 
Seas;  The  Lost  City,  or  the  Boy  Explorers 
in  Central  Asia;  and  The  Wizard  King. 

KERPOOT,  JOHN  BARRETT,  college 
president,  protestant  episcopal  bishop 
was  born  March  1,  1816,  in  Ireland.  Prom 
1842  to  1864  he  was  president  of  St.  James 
college,  Maryland,  and  was  also  president 
01  Trinity  college  from  iS64  to  1867  He 
was  first  protestant  episcopal  bishop  of 
Pittsburg  and  seventy-eighth  in  succes 
sion  in  the  American  episcopate.  He  died 
July  10,  1881,  in  Meyersdale,  Pa. 

KERLEREC,  LOUIS  BILLOUART  DE 
governor,  was  born  in  1704  in  France 
For  twenty-five  years  he  was  in  the 
French  navy;  and  during  1753-63  was  gov 
ernor  of  Louisiana. 

KERLIN,  ISAAC  NEWTON,  physician 
author,  was  born  May  27,  1834,  in  Burling 
ton,  N.  J.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  as 
a  physician  and  surgeon;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Mind  Unveiled;  and  Manual 
of  Elwyn. 

KERN,  ALBERT  J.  W.,  philologist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1857,  in  Ger 
many.  For  many  years  he  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  modern  languages  at  Harvard 
school  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  many  articles  on  subjects  of  com 
parative  philology,  literature  and  art- 
s  a  fertile  contributor  to  German,  En 
glish  and  French  periodicals;  and  the 
author  and  editor  of  several  school  books. 
He  is  also  the  author  of  several  meritori 
ous  poems  in  German  and  in  English. 

KERN,  JOHN  WORTH,  lawyer  legis 
lator,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1849,  in  Howard 
county,  Ind.  In  1869  he  graduated  from 
the  university  of  Michigan;  and  has  since 
attained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Indianapolis.  Ind.  During  1885-89  he  was 
reporter  of  the  supreme  court  of  Indiana- 
served  with  distinction  as  state  senator 
during  1892-96;  and  in  1897  was  elected 
city  attorney  for  the  city  of  Indianapolis 
Ind. 


551 


KERNAN,  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  United  States  sen 
ator  was  born  Jan.  14,  1816,  in  Tyrone, 
N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  state  legislature; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress 
He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  for  the  term  commencing  in  1875. 

KERNEY,  MARTIN  JOSEPH,  educator, 
journalist,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  in 
1819  in  Lewiston,  Md.  In  1852  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Maryland  state  legislature 
For  four  years  he  edited  the  Metropolitan 
magazine  in  Baltimore;  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  Compendium  of  History;  and 
various  other  school  books.  He  died 
March  16,  1861,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

KERNODLE,  JOHN  DAVID,  lawyer, 
journalist,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1856,  in  Guil- 
ford  county,  N.  C.  In  1877  he  graduated 
from  Trinity  college,  N.  C.,  after  taking 
a  full  literary,  language  and  mathematical 
course.  In  1880  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
by  the  supreme  court  of  North  Carolina: 
and  since  that  time  has  also  been  the  ed 
itor  of  The  Alamance  Gleaner  of  Graham, 
N.  C.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  town 
council,  and  served  with  distinction  as 
mayor  of  Graham. 

KERR,  ALVAH  MILTON,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1855  in  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio. 
He  is  the  author  of  Trean;  An  Honest 
Lawyer,  and  other  works. 

KERR,  DANIEL,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  June  18, 
1836,  in  Scotland.  He  entered  the  ser 
vice  as  a  private  in  1862;  and  was  pro 
moted  first  lieutenant  In  1864.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  Illinois  in 
1868.  He  removed  to  Iowa  in  1870;  and 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  Iowa  in 
1883.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  and 
fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

KERR,  HALBERT  S.,  civil  engineer, 
railroad  manager,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1865. 
in  St.  Michaels.  Md.  During  1884-85  he 
was  engineer  in  charge  of  construction  of 
the  San  Pete  Valley  railway;  and  since 
1888  its  general  superintendent. 

KERR,  J.  A.,  lawyer,  jurist,  poet.  In 
1878  he  opened  a  law  office  in  Tippecanoe 
City,  Ohio;  and  in  1889  was  elected  judge 
of  the  common  pleas  of  the  county.  He 
is  also  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

KERR,  JAMES,  lawyer,  manufacturer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  2, 
1851,  in  Mifflin  county,  Pa.  Since  1867  he 
has  lived  in  Clearneld;  was  elected  a 
justice  of  the  peace  in  1878;  was  elected 
prothonotary  for  his  county  in  1880;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1883.  In  1888  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  fifty-first  con 
gress.  He  was  a  clerk  of  the  national 
house  of  representatives  for  the  fifty- 
second  and  fifty-third  congresses.  He  is 
now  chiefly  engaged  in  the  mining  and 
shipping  of  bituminous  coal,  and  the  con 
struction  of  railroads. 

KERR,  JAMES  HORNER,  educator 
clergyman,  was  born  April  3,  1847,  in  Tur- 
botville,  Pa.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  Lafayette  college  and  the  Western 
Theological  seminary.  For  many  years 
he  was  engaged  in  educational  work,  and 
was  teacher  in  the  Brainerd  institute  of 
Cranberry,  N.  J.  In  1871  he  began  preach 
ing;  in  1873  was  ordained;  and  has  filled 
pastorates  in  the  presbyterian  church  at 
McConnellsburg,  Rural  Valley  and  Centre 
Hall,  Pa.;  and  has  been  missionary  in 
Park  River,  and  in  Sheldon,  N.  D.;  and 
is  now  serving  his  church  in  Casey,  Iowa. 

KERR,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1813  to  1817. 


KERR,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman 
was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  from  1853  to  1855;  and  was  subse 
quently  elected  to  the  house  of  commons 
of  that  state. 

KERR,  JOHN  BOZMAN,  lawyer  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  5,  1809,  in 
Easton,  Md.  He  was  a  member  of 'the 
general  assembly  of  Maryland  from  1836 
to1 .1838;  and  from  1847  to  1849  acted  as 
deputy  for  the  attorney-general  of  Mary 
land  for  Talbot  county.  From  1849  to 
1851  he  was  a  representative  in  congress 
He  died  Jan.  27,  1878,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
KERR.  JOHN  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  April  30,  1857 
in  Scranton,  Pa.  He  served  two  terms  in 
the  New  Jersey  state  legislature;  and  for 
five  years  was  judge  of  the  district  court 
of  Paterson,  N.  J. 

KERR,  JOHN  LEEDS,  lawyer  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1780,  in  Greenbury  Point,  Md. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1825  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1831  to  1833.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died  Feb 
21,  1844,  near  Easton,  Md. 

KERR,  JOSEPH,  United  States  senator. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Ohio 
from  1814  to  1815  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

KERR,  MICHAEL  CRAWFORD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  March 
15,  1827,  near  Titusville,  Pa.  In  1856  he 
was  elected  for  two  years  to  the  Indiana 
state  .assembly;  and  in  1862  was  elected 
reporter  to  the  supreme  court  of  the  state, 
and  published  five  volumes.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Indiana 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fortieth,  forty-first  and 
forty-second  congresses.  Having  been 
re-elected  to  the  forty-fourth  congress, 
was  the  choice  of  his  party  for  speaker, 
and  was  duly  elected.  He  died  Aug  20 
1876,  in  Alum  Springs,  Va. 

KERR,  ROBERT  POLLOK,  author,  was 
born  in  1850  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  the 
author  of  Presbyterianism  for  the  People; 
History  of  Presbyterianism;  Hymns  of 
the  Ages;  and  Voice  of  God  in  History. 

KERR,  SHADRACH,  missionary,  was 
born  June  4,  1833,  in  the  British  West 
Indies.  In  1859  he  did  extensive  mission 
work  at  the  Turks  and  Caicos  islands, 
and  in  1863  was  appointed  master  of  pub 
lic  schools  at  Grand  Turks.  In  1867  he 
was  sent  as  a  missionary  to  Hayti.  and  in 
1873  was  appointed  professor  at  the  Na 
tional  Lyceum  college.  In  1883  he  was 
sent  to  Jamaica,  and  the  following  year 
was  appointed  rector  of  the  Panama  Rail 
road  church.  In  1889  he  made  extensive 
missionary  tours  through  Central  Amer 
ica,  and  performed  the  religious  services 
at  the  opening  at  the  Nicaragua  canal. 
In  1890  he  returned  to  the  West  Indies, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  diocese  of 
Florida  as  the  rector  of  St.  Peter's  Episco 
pal  church  of  Key  West. 

KERR,  WALTER  LOWRIE.  farmer, 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1848,  in 
Poland,  Ohio.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools,  and 
graduated  from  the  Iowa  university.  He 
is  a  successful  farmer  of  Norton.  Kan.; 
has  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  Kansas  house  of  representatives; 
and  filled  various  other  public  offices  in  the 
gift  of  his  county  and  state. 

KERR,  WASHINGTON  CARUTHERS, 
geologist,  was  born  May  24,  1827,  in  Ala 
mance  county,  N.  C.  He  became  one  of 
the  foremost  geologists  of  the  south; 
and  has  contributed  a  number  of  valuable 
papers  to  scientific  publications.  He  died 
Aug.  9,  1885,  in  Asheville,  N.  C. 


552 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


KERR,    WILLIAM   JASPER,    educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  17,  18 — , 
in  Richmond,  Utah.    He  received  his  edu- 
__^   _     cation  at  the  univer 
sity  of  Utah,  and  at 
^^^^  the    Cornell    univer- 

^^^P      \          sity;        subsequently 
receiving  the  degrees 
jm  f  of   B.    S.    and    B.    D. 

During     1887-90     he 
^^L          was      instructor      in 
science  in  the  Brig- 
ham  Young    college; 
A^^^k          in    1892-94  filled   the 
f^          |^^^  chair  of  mathematics 
i^H^^~>"*^]^^|  in   the  university   of 
Utah;    and  since  1894 

has  been  president  of  the  Brigham  Young 
college  of  Logan,  Utah.  In  1896-97  he  was 
president  of  the  Utah  State  Teachers'  asso 
ciation;  for  many  years  has  been  prom 
inently  identified  with  the  educational  de 
velopment  of  Utah;  and  has  contributed 
extensively  to  periodical  literature  on  edu 
cational  and  kindred  topics. 

KERR,  WINFIELD  S.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Mansfield,  Ohio.  He  served  four 
years  in  the  Ohio  state  senate;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses. 

KERRIGAN.  JAMES  E.,  soldier,  con 
gressman.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress,  leaving  his  seat  for  a  time  to 
serve  as  colonel  of  volunteers  in  the  trou 
bles  of  1861. 

KERSHAW,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1813  to  1815,  when  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  three  commissioners  to  run  the 
Creek  boundary  lines. 

KETCHAM,  ISAAC  A.,  inventor,  was 
born  in  1827,  in  Huntington,  L.  I.  He 
planned  the  first  ironclad  torpedo  boat, 
which  was  built  by  the  United  States 
government  in  1864.  He  next  invented  a 
device  by  which  an  endless  cable  could 
be  used  in  adjusting  torpedoes  or  batteries 
across  channel  ways  for  harbor  protection. 

KETCHAM,  JOHN  H.,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1831, 
in  Dover,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
assembly  in  1856  and  1857;  and  of  the  state 
senate  in  1860  and  1861.  In  1862  he  en 
tered  the  military  service,  and  as  colonel 
of  the  one  hundred  and  fiftieth  New  York 
volunteers  served  until  1865,  when  he  was 
made  a  brigadier-general  by  brevet.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth,  forty-first, 
forty-second,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth, 
fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

KETCHUM,  ALEXANDER  P.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  May  11,  1839,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  In  his  infancy  his  par 
ents  settled  in  New 
York  city,  which  has 
ever  since  been  his 
home.  His  father 
was  a  prominent 
lawyer,  and  for  a 
number  of  years  city 
registrar  in  bank 
ruptcy  of  the  United 
States.  In  1860  he 
graduated  from  the 
Albany  Law  school, 
and  at  once  began 
the  practice  of  his 
profession.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  as  lieutenant  in  company  H,  fifty- 
sixth  regiment  New  York  volunteer  in 


fantry;  and  was  subsequently  commis 
sioned  captain  in  the  one  hundred  and 
twenty-eighth  regiment;  resigning  from 
the  army  in  1867  with  the  rank  of  brevet 
colonel.  He  has  served  as  assessor  of  in 
ternal  revenue;  collector  of  internal  rev 
enue;  and  general  and  chief  appraiser  for 
the  port  of  New  York. 

KETCHUM,  MRS.  ANNIE  [CHAM 
BERS],  educator,  lecturer,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  8,  1824,  in  Scott  county,  Ky. 
She  is  an  educator  and  lecturer;  and  the 
author  of  Lotos  Flowers;  Christmas  Car 
illons,  and  Other  Poems;  Botany  for 
Academies  and  Colleges;  The  Teacher's 
Empire;  Nellie  Braden,  a  novel;  and 
Rilla  Motto,  a  romance. 

KETCHUM,  JOHN  B.,  soldier,  poet,  was 
born  July  11,  1837,  in  New  York  city.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war.  In  isuB  he  aided  in  the  formation  of 
a  new  organization  for  the  moral,  religious 
and  temporal  welfare  of  the  troops  com 
posing  the  regular  army  of  the  United 
States;  and  he  has  been  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  society  since  its  founda 
tion.  Prior  to  the  war  he  was  a  suc 
cessful  journalist;  and  he  has  recently 
published  a  volume  of  poems. 

KETCHUM,  WILLIAM  SCOTT,  soldier, 
was  born  July  7,  1813,  in  Norfolk,  Conn. 
During  the  latter  part  of  the  civil  war  he 
was  connected  with  the  quartermaster's 
department,  and  after  being  brevetted 
major-general  in  1865,  he  was  mustered 
out  of  the  volunteer  service.  He  died  June 
28,  1871,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

KETCHUM,  WINTHROP  W.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  29,  1820,  in  Wilkes  Barre.Pa.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  house  of 
representatives  of  the  state  in  1859;  and 
state  senator  in  I860,  1861,  and  1862.  He 
was  appointed  solicitor  of  the  United 
States  court  of  claims  in  1865;  and  held 
the  office  two  years  and  resigned.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  forty-fourth  congress.  He 
died  Dec.  6,  1879,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

KETRICK,  MICHAEL  J.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  March  22,  1857,  in  Ireland.   After 
receiving  a   liberal  education   he   entered 
educational     work; 
has  attained  success 
in  his  profession,  and 
for  many  years  past 
Jtt.  i    has    been    connected 

j    with     the     Scranton 
--  i    public    schools.      He 

Tfc^      j    has  given  much  time 
I    to  literary  work;  has 
I    contributed       exten- 
V.X       I    sively  to  educational 

BMLku^^^^^      '""'        ''"'        I"   rim]ir;i! 

I    press;    and  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of 

meritorious  poems,  which  have  been  a 
valuable  acquisition  to  current  literature. 
His  poems  appear  in  Poets  of  America 
and  other  standard  wonvs.  He  is  the  sec 
retary  of  The  South  Scranton  Building 
and  Loan  association  of  Scranton,  Pa., 
where  he  is  prominent  in  various  fraternal 
orders. 

KETTELL,  SAMUEL,  journalist,  state 
legislator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1800, 
in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1851- 
53.  His  principal  work  is  Specimens  of 
American  Poetry,  with  Critical  and  Bio 
graphical  Notices,  and  an  historical  intro 
duction;  besides  which  he  published  Per 
sonal  Narrative  of  the  First  Voyage  of 
Columbus;  and  Records  of  the  Spanish 
Inquisition. 


KEY,  DAVID  McKENDREE,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  27,  1824,  in  Greene  county,  Tenn.  He 
was  chancellor  of  the  third  chancery  di 
vision  of  the  state  from  1870  to  1875,  when 
he  was  appointed  United  States  senator  to 
fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  postmaster-general 
in  the  cabinet  of  President  Hayes  from 
1877  to  1880,  when  he  was  appointed 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  eastern 
and  middle  districts  of  Tennessee. 

KEY,  FRANCIS  SCOTT,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  9,  1780,  in  Frederick  coun 
ty,  Md.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Washington 
whose  miscellaneous  poems  were  collected 
and  published  after  his  death.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Star-Spangled  Banner, 
composed  in  1814  during  the  bombard 
ment  of  Fort  McHenry.  He  died  Jan.  11, 
1843,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

KEY,  JOHN  C.,  soldier,  -lawyer,  legis 
lator,  railroad  president,  was  born  Feb. 
25,  1826,  in  Jasper,  Va.  During  the  war 
he  was  captain  of  company  B,  forty-fourth 
Georgia  regiment;  was  promoted  to 
major;  and  was  with  the  army  of  north 
ern  Virginia  to  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
has  attained  success  in  his  profession  of 
law  at  Monticello,  Ga. ;  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Georgia  state  legislature  in 
1859-60,  and  again  in  1882-83;  and  in  1887 
was  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention.  He  is  the  president  of  the 
Covington  and  Macon  Railroad  company; 
a  royal  arch  mason;  an  advocate  for 
a  strict  construction  of  the  powers  of  con 
gress  under  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States;  and  a  consistent  temperance  ad 
vocate. 

KEY,  JOHN  ROSS,  artist,  was  born 
July  16,  1837,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  moved 
to  Boston,  where  he  exhibited  about  one 
hundred  of  his  pictures,  including  Marble- 
head  Beach;  Ochre  Point,  Newport;  Morn 
ing  Stroll;  and  a  view  of  The  Golden 
Gate,  San  Francisco,  for  which  he  received 
a  medal  at  the  Centennial  exhibition  of 
1876. 

KEY,  PHILIP,  agriculturist,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1750 
in  St.  Mary's  county,  Md.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  legislature  of 
Maryland,  and  was  for  one  or  two  terms 
speaker.  He  also  rendered  some  service 
in  the  municipal  courts  of  his  native 
county;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1791  to  1793. 
He  died  Jan.  4,  1820,  in  St.  Mary's  county, 
Md. 

KEY,  PHILIP  BARTON,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1757  in  Cecil  county,  Md.  He  rep 
resented  Annapolis  in  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1807  to  1813. 
He  died  July  28,  1815,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

KEY,  PHILIP  BARTON,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1804,  in  Woodley, 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  He  went  to  Louisiana 
in  1835,  and  engaged  in  planting.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  Louisiana 
and  of  the  constitutional  convention  in 
1850.  He  died  May  4,  1854,  near  Thibo- 
deaux.  La. 

KEY,  THOMAS  MARSHALL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  8, 
1819,  in  Washington,  Ky.  For  many  years 
he  served  in  the  Ohio  senate,  where  he 
had  much  influence.  He  was  the  author 
of  the  first  congressional  bill  for  the 
emancipation  of  slaves  in  any  part  of  the 
United  States,  and  wrote  the  bill  for  the 
emancipation  of  slaves  in  the  District  of 
Columbia.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1869,  in  Leb 
anon.  Ohio. 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


553 


KEYES,  EDWARD  LAWRENCE,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1843,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  is  a  physician  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  The 
Tonic  Treatment  of  Syphilis;  Venereal 
Diseases;  and  Genito-Urinary  Diseases. 

KEYES,  ELIAS,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Ashford,  Conn. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
Vermont  from  Stockbridge  county  for  a 
period  of  eighteen  years;  and  from  1803 
to  1818  was  a  state  councilor.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Vermont 
from  1821  to  1823. 

KEYES,  EMERSON  WILLARD,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  June  30,  1828,  in  James 
town,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  superintendent 
of  public  instruction 
in  the  state  of  New 
York;  superintend 
ent  of  bank  depart 
ment,  state  of  New 
York;  and  has  filled 
numerous  public  po 
sitions  of  honor  in 
the  city  of  Brooklyn 
and  the  state  of  New 
York.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer,  and 
the  author  of  Keyes' 
Court  of  Appeals  Re 
ports,  in  four  volumes;  History  of  Sav 
ings  Banks  in  the  United  States,  in  two 
volumes;  Code  of  Public  Instruction; 
Principles  of  Civil  Government  in  the 
State  of  New  York;  and  sundry  pamph 
lets,  addresses,  legislative  reports,  and 
various  valuable  papers. 

KEYES,  ERASMUS  DARWIN,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  May  29,  1810,  in  Brim- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  a  major-general  in 
the  federal  army  in  the  civil  war;  and 
the  author  of  Fifty  Years'  Observation  of 
Men  and  Events.  He  died  in  1895. 

KEYES.  JOHN  ARNOLD,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  June  23,  1859,  in  Chelsea, 
Vt.  He  attended  the  Chelsea  academy; 
studied  law,  and  in  1884  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  by  the  supreme  court  of  Vermont. 
In  1885  he  moved  to  Winona,  Minn.;  and 
in  1889-91  was  elected  and  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Minne 
sota  state  legislature.  In  1892  he  moved 
to  Duluth;  was  a  candidate  for  attorney- 
general  of  Minnesota  in  1894,  and  in  1896 
on  the  silver  ticket.  He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  Minnesota,  and  has  a  lu 
crative  practice  in  Duluth. 

KEYL,  ERNST  GERHARD  WILHELM, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  May  22,  1804, 
in  Germany.  For  many  years  he  was 
president  of  the  eastern  district  of  the 
Missouri  synod,  of  which  he  was  a  found 
er.  He  was  the  author  of  Lutherophilus; 
and  various  other  works.  He  died  Aug.  4, 
1872,  in  Monroe,  Mich. 

KEYS.  WILLIAM  REED,  educator, 
journalist,  was  born  June  12,  1859,  in 
Jonesboro,  Tenn.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  educator  and  journalist,  and  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems. 

KEYSER,  EPHRAIM,  sculptor,  was 
born  Oct.  6,  1850,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He 
studied  sculpture  at  the  Royal  academies 
in  Munich,  Berlin  and  Rome.  He  executed 
the  De  Kalb  statue  at  Annapolis,  Md.; 
and  the  Chester  A.  Arthur  memorial  at 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

KEYSER,  LEANDER  S.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  March  13,  1857,  in 
Tuscarawas  county,  Ohio.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  clergyman  of  Springfield,  Ohio; 
and  the  author  of  The  Only  Way  Out; 
Epochs  of  a  Life;  and  a  volume  of  poems. 


KEYSER,  PETER  DIRCK,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1835,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  surgeon  of  Philadel 
phia  who  has  published  Operations  for 
Cataracts,  and  other  works  on  diseases  of 
the  eye.  He  died  in  1897. 

KIBBEE,  CHARLES  CARROLL,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  25,  1839,  in  Macon,  Ga.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war,  attaining  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  In  1870  was 
elected  a  state  senator  from  Georgia;  and 
in  1874  was  elected  judge  of  the  superior 
court. 

KIDD,  EDWIN  ETHELBERT,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  18, 
1836,  in  Alabama.  He  served  as  a  captain 
in  the  confederate  army  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Louisiana  legislature  for  several  terms. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems, 
some  of  which  have  been  set  to  music. 

KIDD,  WILLIAM,  navigator,  was  born 
in  Scotland.  He  followed  the  sea  from 
.his  youth;  and  about  1695  was  known 
as  one  of  the  boldest  and  most  successful 
shipmasters  that  sailed  from  New  York. 
He  subsequently  became  a  noted  pirate; 
was  arrested  and  sent  to  England  for 
trial;  and  was  executed  May  24,  1701,  in 
London. 

KIDDER,  DANIEL  PARRISH,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1815,  in 
Darien,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  of  prominence  who  held  professor 
ships  in  several  theological  institutions. 
He  was  the  author  of  Homiletics;  The 
Christian  Pastorate;  Mormonism  and  the 
Mormons;  Sketches  of  a  Residence  in 
Brazil;  Helps  to  Prayer;  and  co-author 
with  J.  C  Fletcher,  of  Brazil  and  the 
Brazilians.  He  died  in  1891. 

KIDDER,  DAVID,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  8,  1787,  in  Dresden,  Maine. 
He  settled  in  Somerset  county,  where  he 
was  county  attorney  from  1811  to  1823; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine  from  1823  to  1827.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1829. 
He  died  Nov.  1,  1860. 

KIDDER,  FREDERICK,  merchant,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  16,  1804,  in  New 
Ipswich,  N.  H.  He  was  a  Boston  mer 
chant  among  whose  historical  monographs 
are:  The  Boston  Massacre;  and  The  Ex 
peditions  of  Captain  John  Lovewell.  He 
died  Dec.  19,  1885,  in  Melrose,  Mass. 

KIDDER,  JEFFERSON  P.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1814  in 
Braintree,  Vt.  He  was  state's  attorney 
from  1842  to  1847;  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  in  1847  and  1848;  and  lieutenant- 
governor  in  1853  and  1854.  He  removed 
to  Minnesota  in  1857;  and  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  in  1860,  1862,  and  1863. 
He  was  appointed  an  associate  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Dakota  in  1865,  and 
removed  there;  and  was  reappointed  in 
1869,  and  again  in  1873.  After  holding  the 
position  ten  years  he  resigned  on  being 
elected  a  delegate  from  Dakota  'to  the 
forty-fourth  congress.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fifth  congress;  and  in  1883 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Dakota.  He  died  Oct. 
2,  1883,  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

KIDDER,  JOHN  FLINT,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  July  2,  1830,  in  New  York 
city.  Since  1884  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Nevada  County  Narrow  Gauge  rail 
road. 

KIDDER,  WELLINGTON  PARKER,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1853,  in  Nor- 
ridgewock,  Maine.  He  is  the  inventor  of 
the  Franklin  typewriter,  and  more  recent 
ly  another,  which  has  not  yet  been  named. 


KIDDLE,  HENRY,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  15,  1824,  in  England.  He 
was  an  educator  who  was  superintendent 
of  the  schools  of  New  York  city  in  1870- 
79.  He  was  the  author  of  Text-Book  of 
Physics;  Elements  of  Astronomy;  and 
Dictionary  of  Education,  which  include 
his  most  important  works.  He  died  in 
1891. 

KIDDOO,  JOSEPH  B.,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1840  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  and  major-gen 
eral  of  United  States  volunteers,  and  col 
onel  and  brigadier-general  United  States 
army,  and  he  was  retired  in  1870  with  the 
full  rank  of  brigadier-general  in  the  reg 
ular  army. 

KIDWELL,  ZEDEKIAH,  physician, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  4, 
1814,  in  Fairfax  county,  Va.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  legislature  of 
Virginia;  and  was  a  presidential  elector 
in  1852.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1853  to  1857. 
He  died  April  27,  1872,  in  Fairmount,  Va. 

KIEFER,  ANDREW  R.,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Marienborn.  He  was  elected  clerk  in  the 
legislature  in  1860;  entered  the  union 
army  as  captain  in  the  second  Minnesota 
infantry  volunteers  in  1861;  commissioned 
colonel  of  militia  in  1863;  and  elected 
member  of  state  legislature  in  1864.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses. 

KIEFER,  HERMAN,  physician,  sur 
geon,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Nov  19  1825,  in  Germany.  In  1866-67  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Detroit  board  of  edu 
cation,  and  in  1882  he  became  a  member 
of  the  public  library  commission,  being 
re-elected  in  1883  for  a  term  of  six  years. 

KIEFFER,  ALDINE  SILLIMAN,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1840, 
in  Miami,  Mo.  He  is  the  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  The  Musical  Million  of  Dayton, 
Va.  He  is  the  author  of  two  volumes  of 
poems,  entitled  Vigil  and  Vision,  and 
Hours  of  Fancy;  and  numerous  collec 
tions  of  school  and  church  music. 

KIEFFER,  HENRY  MARTYN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1845  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  is  a  German  reformed  clergy 
man  of  Norristown,  and  subsequently  of 
Easton,  Pa.;  and  the  author  of  The  Recol 
lections  of  a  Drummer  Boy. 

KIEFFER,  MOSES,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  May  5,  1814,  in  Letter- 
kenny,  Pa.  In  1855  he  became  president 
of  Heidelberg  college  of  Tiffin,  Ohio,  which 
post  he  held  till  1864,  serving  as  professor 
in  the  theological  department  from  1855 
till  1867.  He  is  now  a  pastor  in  Gettys 
burg,  Pa. 

KIEFT,  WILHELM,  was  the  third  gov 
ernor  of  New  York. 

KIEKHOEFER,  H.  J.,  educator,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Aug.  10, 
1849,  in  Germany.  He  attended  the  Gales- 
ville  university,  in  which  institution  he 
subsequently  filled  the  chair  of  ancient 
languages.  He  also  attended  the  North 
Western  college  of  Naperville,  111.,  of 
which  institution  he  is  now  president  and 
professor  of  intellectual  and  moral  phil 
osophy.  For  many  years  he  filled  the 
chair  of  systematic  theology  in  the  Union 
Biblical  institute. 

KIERNAN,  JAMES  LAWLOR,  soldier, 
educator,  journalist,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  in  1837,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  in  1863.  He  served  as  surgeon  of  the 
United  States  pension  bureau;  and  after 
the  war  became  United  States  consul  to 
Chin  Kiang,  China.  He  died  Nov.  26, 
1869,  in  New  York  city. 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


KlLBOURN,  JAMES,  merchant,  manu- 
tarturer,  clergyman,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1770,  in  New 
Britain,  Conn.  From  1813  to  1817  he  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ohio. 
In  1823  he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  legisla 
ture,  serving  on  fourteen  committees;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1838.  He  died  April  24, 
1850,  in  Worthington,  Ohio. 

KILBOURNE,  JAMES  R.,  manufactu 
rer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  24, 
1870,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  is  a  success 
ful  manufacturer  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  and 
was  elected  and  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  seventy-second  general 
assembly  of  Ohio. 

KILBOURNE,  JOHN,  author,  publisher, 
was  born  Aug.  7,  1787.  in  Berlin,  Conn. 
He  published  a  Gazetteer  of  Vermont,  a 
Gazetteer  of  Ohio,  a  map  of  Ohio,  a  vol 
ume  of  Public  Documents  Concerning  the 
Ohio  Canals;  and  a  School  Geography. 
He  died  March  12,  1831,  in  Columbus, 
Ohio. 

KILBOrRNE,  PAYNE  KENYON.  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  July  26,  1815,  in 
Litchfield,  Conn.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
Connecticut  and  the  author  of  The  Skep 
tic  and  Other  Poems;  History  of  the 
County  of  Litchfleld;  and  Chronicles  of 
Litchfield.  He  died  July  19,  1859,  in 
Litchfield,  Conn. 

KILBURN,  CHARLES  LAWRENCE, 
soldier,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1819,  in  Law- 
renceville.  Pa.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  through  the  civil  war;  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general;  and  retired  from  ac 
tive  service  in  1882. 

KILBURN,  LUCIAN  M.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1842,  in  Bosca- 
wen,  N.  H.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  the  sixteenth  regiment  New 
Hampshire  volunteer  infantry,  and  was  in 
active  service  in  the  departments  of  the 
gulf  under  General  Banks.  He  has  served 
six  years  as  a  member  of  the  Iowa  stat'o 
senate. 

KILGORE,  CONSTANTINE  BUCKLEY, 
soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1835,  in  New- 
nan.  Ga.  He  served  in  the  confederate 
army,  and  in  1862  was  made  the  adjutant- 
general  of  Ector's  brigade,  army  of  the 
Tennessee.  He  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace  in  Rusk  county.  Texas,  in  1869.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1884  for 
four  years;  was  chosen  president  of  that 
body  in  1885  for  two  years.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

KILGORE,  DAMON  YOUNG,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1827.  He  was  a  law 
yer  of  Philadelphia,  and  'the  author  of 
Dangers  Which  Threaten  the  Republic; 
and  Questions  of  the  Day.  He  died  in 
1888. 

KILGORE,  DANIEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  During  1835-39  he  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ohio. 
He  died  Dec.  12,  1851,  in  New  York. 

KILGORE,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April  3, 
1804,  in  Harrison  county,  Ky.  He  moved 
to  Delaware  county,  Ky. ;  in  1833  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature,  and  served 
several  years,  and  in  1839  was  elected  by 
the  legislature  president  judge  of  the  judi 
cial  circuit  in  which  he  resided,  and  held 
the  office  seven  years.  In  1854  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  legislature,  and  was 
speaker  of  the  house.  In  1856  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  thirty-fifth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

KILLE,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1839  to  1841 


KILLEN.  HENRY  FRANKLIN,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1864, 
in  Union,  Miss.  He  attended  the  Green 
Wood  Normal  institute;  Kiachi  college, 
Louisiana,  and  the  Waco  university, 
Texas.  He  has  been  principal  of  the 
Geneva  academy;  principal  of  the  Pluni 
Male  and  Female  college;  a  clergyman  in 
various  baptist  churches,  and  is  now  con 
nected  with  the  hign  school  of  Kirby- 
ville,  Texas. 

KILLEN.  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  wa, 
born  in  1722,  in  Ireland.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  the  revolutionary  war;  dur 
ing  1776-93  was  first  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Delaware;  and  chan 
cellor  of  the  state  from  1793  till  1801.  He 
died  Oct.  3,  1805,  in  Dover,  Del. 

KILLINGER,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  -tat<? 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  -5, 
1825,  in  Lebanon,  Pa.  He  was  attorney 
for  Lebanon  county.  Pa.,  until  1849;  was 
elected  to  the  house  of  representatives  of 
the  state  in  1850  and  1851;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  senate  in  1854,  serving 
three  years.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty- 
sixth,  thirty-seventh,  forty-second  and 
forty-third  congresses;  and  was  also 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

KILLINGSWORTH,  D.  H.,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1861,  in  Fay- 
etteville,  W.  Va.  In  1888  he  graduated 
from  the  college  of  Physicians  and  Sur 
geons  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  from  the 
medical  department  of  the  Drake  univer 
sity.  He  then  took  a  post-graduate 
course  in  the  New  York  Medical  school, 
and  was  president  of  his  class  in  col 
lege.  He  has  attained  success  in  his  pro 
fession  at  Tingley,  Iowa. 

KILMER,  CHAUNCEY,  manufacturer, 
was  born  March  23,  1816,  in  Rock  City 
Falls,  N.  Y.  He  has  supplied  the  New 
York  Sun  with  more 
than  $7,000,000  worth 
of  paper.  From  1850 
to  1857  he  held  an  in 
terest  in  five  differ 
ent  paper  mills, 
which  ran  continu 
ously  day  and  night, 
every  day  of  the 
year  except  Sunday. 
His  success  has  been 
remarkable.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part 
in  the  public  and 
business  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

KILPATRICK,    HUGH     JUDSON,    sol 
dier,    diplomat,    was  born   Jan.    14,    1836, 
near  Deckertown,  N.  J.    He  was  captain  of 
the  eighteenth  artil 
lery     in     1864;     was 
brevetted  major-gen 
eral   for  the  capture 
of  Fayetteville.N.  C., 
in  1865;    was  major- 
general  of  the  United 
States  army  for  cam 
paign    in    the    Caro- 
linas,      and      major- 
general      of     volun 
teers     in     1865.     He 
was  minister  to  Chili 
from    1865    to     1870; 
and    was    again    ap 
pointed  minister  to  Chili  in  1881.    He  died 
Dec.  4,  1881,  in  Santiago,  Chili. 

K1LTON,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1862,  in  Providence,  R. 
I.  He  served  as  a  member  ot  the  Colorado 
house  of  representatives  in  the  ninth  gen 
eral  assembly,  and  is  the  national  presi 
dent  of  the  Patriotic  Order  Sons  of  Amer 
ica. 


KILTY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
settled  in  the  city  of  Washington  in  1800. 
and  in  the  following  year  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  circuit  court  for  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

KIMBALL,  ALANSON  M.,  merchant, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  bora 
March  12,  1827,  in  Buxton,  Maine.  He 
moved  to  the  state  of  Wisconsin,  and 
there  became  a  member  of  the  legislature 
in  1863  and  1864.  In  1864  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress. 

KIMBALL,  ARTHUR  LALANNE,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  in  185G  in  New 
Jersey.  He  is  a  professor  of  physics  at 
Amherst  college  since  1891,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Physical  Properties  of  Gases. 
KIMBALL,  CHARLES  HAZEN,  lawyer, 
legislator,  railroad  president,  was  bora 
Jan.  1,  1846,  in  Carthage,  N.  Y.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in. 
the  common  schools,  attended  Rome  acad 
emy;  and  subsequently  graduated  from, 
the  St.  Lawrence  university  of  Canton,  N. 
Y.,  and  from  the  Albany  Law  school. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  first  lieutenant  of  the  forty- 
third  regiment,  United  States  colored  In 
fantry.  He  is  one  of  the  most  prominent 
lawyers  of  the  west,  and  for  eight  years, 
served  as  a  state  senator  in  the  Kansas 
legislature.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Parsons  and  Pacific  Railroad  company; 
president  of  the  Kansas  City  and  Pacific 
Railroad  company;  president  of  the  Par 
sons  Water  company;  president  of  the 
Parsons  Crystal  Ice  company;  president  of 
the  Parsons  Telephone  company;  presi 
dent  of  the  Kansas  City  and  Pacific  Tele 
graph  company;  and  president  of  the  Bad 
ger  Mining  and  Milling  company  of  Den 
ver. 

KIMBALL,  EDGAR  ALLAN,  soldier, 
was  born  Jan.  3,  1822,  in  Pembroke,  N. 
H.  In  1847-48  he  was  a  captain  and  bre 
vet-major  in  the  United  States  army; 
served  with  gallantry  in  the  Mexican  war; 
was  the  first  man  to  scale  the  walls  of 
Chapultepec,  and  received  the  surrender 
of  the  castle.  In  1862  ho  was  colone".  of 
a  New  York  regiment  of  Zouaves.  He 
died  April  12,  1863,  in  Suffolk,  Va. 

KIMBALL,  ELLEN  PACKARD,  edu 
cator,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  9,  184S,  in 
Woodstock,  Maine.  Early  in  life  she  com 
menced  educational  v/ork,  and  has  ever 
since  been  engaged  as  teacher  in  the  pub 
lic  schools.  She  is  the  author  of  many 
meritorious  poems,  some  of  which  have 
been  given  a  place  in  Poets  of  Amer 
ica,  and  other  standard  works. 

KIMBALL,  EMMA  A.,  poet,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1847,  in  Rye,  N.  H.  For  many 
years  she  taught  school;  is  a  successful 
poet  of  Haverhill.  Mass.,  and  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Wayside 
Flowers. 

KIMBALL,  FRANK  WILLARD,  law 
yer,  lecturer,  musician,  was  born  Dec.  10, 
1866,  in  Augusta,  Maine.  In  1884  he  en 
tered  the  Hesperian 
academy  of  San  Luis 
Obispo,  California, 
and  subsequently 
continued  his  educa 
tion  in  Boston  and 
Somerville.  Mass.  In 
1890  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  has 
attained  success  in 
his  profession.  He 
is  an  eloquent  and 
logical  speaker,  and 
has  attained  success 
on  the  lecture  platform.  He  is  a  writer 
and  musician,  and  the  author  of  the  Sax- 
optione  Quartette. 


HERRING8HAW8    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


555 


KIMBALL,  FREDERICK  J.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  March  6,  1844,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Since  1895  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Norfolk  and  Western 
railroad. 

KIMBALL,  OILMAN,  educator,  surgeon, 
was  born  Dec.  8,  1804,  in  Hill,  N.  H.  He 
became  one  of  the  most  noted  physicians 
and  surgeons  of  New  England;  and  for 
many  years  had  charge  of  the  Lowell  Med 
ical  institute. 

KIMBALL,  HANNAH  PARKER,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1861  in  Massa 
chusetts.  She  is  a  Boston  poet,  whose 
work  includes  Soul  and  Sense,  and  Other 
Verses;  and  The  Cup  of  Life  and  Other 
Poems. 

KIMBALL,  HARRIET  McEWEN,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  2,  1834,  in  Portsmouth,  N. 
H.  She  is  a  religious  verse-writer  of 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and  the  author  of 
Swallow  Flights  of  Song;  Hymns;  The 
Blessed  Company  of  All  Faithful  People; 
and  Complete  Poems. 

KIMBALL,  INCREASE,  inventor,  was 
born  Oct.  26,  1777,  in  Concord,-  N.  H.  He 
invented  cut  nails  and  devised  the  first 
machinery  for  their  manufacture.  He 
died  Sept.  16,  1856,  in  Hanover,  N.  H. 

KIMBALL,  JAMES  PUTNAM,  soldier, 
geologist,  was  born  April  26,  1836,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
union  army  as  assistant  adjutant-general, 
with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  was  as 
signed  to  duty  as  chief  of  staff  under  Gen 
eral  Patrick.  In  1873  he  accepted  the 
honorary  professorship  of  geology  in  Le- 
high  university  at  Bethlehem,  Pa.  In 
1885  he  was  appointed  director  of  the 
United  States  mints. 

KIMBALL,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  4,  1812,  in  Salem,  Mass.  He 
was  the  author  of  Heaven  my  Father's 
Home;  Friendly  Words  with  Fellow  Pil 
grims;  Encouragements  to  Faith;  How 
to  See  Jesus;  and  The  Christian  Ministry. 
He  died  March  28,  1885,  in  Newton,  Mass. 
KIMBALL,  JOSEPH  HORACE,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1813  in  Pembroke, 
N.  H.  He  resided  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  where 
he  edited  The  Herald  of  Freedom,  an  anti- 
slavery  journal.  He  published  jointly  with 
two  friends  Emancipation  in  the  West 
Indies;  a  Six  Months'  Tour  in  Antigua, 
Barbadoes,  and  Jamaica,  in  1837.  He  died 
April  11,  1838,  in  Pembroke,  N.  H. 

KIMBALL,  NATHAN,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Indiana.  He  served  in  the  Mexican 
war  as  captain  of  volunteers,  and  at  the 
beginning  of  the 
civil  war  was  ap 
pointed  colonel  of  a 
regiment  of  Indiana 
infantry.  He  com 
manded  a  brigade  at 
the  battle  of  Win 
chester,  and  was 
commissioned  as  a 
brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  on  April 
15,  1862.  He  was 
brevetted  major-gen 
eral  on  Feb.  1,  1885, 

and  mustered  out  of  the  service  on  Aug. 
24,   1865. 

KIMBALL,  RICHARD  BURLEIGH. 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1816,  in 
Plainfield,  N.  H.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
New  York  city  who  founded  the  town  of 
Kimball  in  Texas,  and  built  the  first  rail 
road  in  that  state.  He  is  the  author  of 
St.  Leger;  Undercurrents  of  Wall  Street 
Life;  Letters  from  Cuba;  Letters  I'rom 
England;  Cuba  and  the  Cubans;  Was  He 
Successful?  To-Day  in  New  York;  Stories 
of  Exceptional  Life;  Henry  Powers,  Bank 
er,  a  novel;  and  Romance  of  a  Student 
Life  Abroad.  He  died  in  1892. 


KIMBALL,  SUMNER  I.,  state  legislator, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1834,  in  Lebanon,  Maine. 
In  1859  he  was  elected  to  the  Maine  house 
of  representatives,  and  in  1878  was  elected 
superintendent  of  the  United  States  life 
saving  service. 

KIMBALL,  SUMNER  INCREASE,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  2, 
1834,  in  Lebanon,  Maine.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Maine  state  legislature 
in  1859.  On  the  erection  of  the  life-sav 
ing  service  into  a  separate  bureau,  he  was 
appointed  the  general  superintendent  of 
that  service. 

KIMBALL,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  pi 
ano  manufacturer,  was  born  in  1828,  in 
Maine.  He  was  founder  of  the  piano  and 
^^^^  __  organ  making  indus- 

tries  of  Chicago,  and 

pioneer  of  the  whole 
sale  music  trade  of 
the  north.  In  1882 
the  business  was  re 
organized  under 
the  corporate  name 
of  W.  W.  Kimball 
and  Co.,  the  founder 
being  president  and 
controlling  owner. 
In  1887  the  growth 
of  trade  led  to  the 
occupancy  of  the  mammoth  structure, 
southeast  corner  State  and  Jackson 
streets,  the  final  removal  to  the  statelier 
and  more  commodious  Kimball  building, 
147-157  Wabash  avenue,  being  made  in  the 
spring  of  1891. 

KIMBARK,  SENECA  DU  BOIS,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  March  4,  1832,  in  Ven 
ice,  N.  Y.  He  has  made  Chicago  the  dis 
tributing  center  of 
heavy  hardware  in 
the  west,  and  the  ex 
porter  of  large  quan 
tities  of  this  mer 
chandise  to  Aus 
tralia,  the  South 
American  republics 
and  Mexico.  In  Chi 
cago  the  business  oc 
cupies  a  six-story 
warehouse,  and  as 
an  adjunct  to  its  op 
erations  a  factory  is 
maintained  in  Elkhart,  Ind. 

K1MBERLY,  LEWIS  ASHFIELD,  na 
val  officer,  was  born  April  2,  1830,  in 
Troy,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  a  midship 
man  in  the  navy  from  Illinois  in  1846,  and 
was  commissioned  rear-admiral  in  1887. 

KIMBLE,  SAM,  lawyer,  poet,  was  born 
June  19,  1854,  in  Sarahsville,  Ohio.  In 
1873  he  graduated  from  the  Kansas  State 
Agricultural  college, 
with  the  uegree  of  A. 
B.  In  1875  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  is  now  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers 
of  Kansas,  at  Man 
hattan.  He  has 
served  as  city  attor 
ney  for  three  terms; 
two  terms  as  county 
attorney;  and  has 
filled  various  other 
public  positions  of 
honor.  While  his  literary  work  has  been 
chiefly  in  prose,  he  has  also  written  a 
number  of  meritorious  poems,  which  have 
appeared  in  the  leading  newspapers  and 
magazines,  in  Poets  of  America,  and  other 
standard  works. 

KIMBROUGH.  THOMAS  CHARLES, 
lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1872,  in  Carroll- 
ton,  Miss.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Jackson,  Miss.;  and  secretary  of  the  rail 
road  commission,  his  term  of  four  years 
commencing  in  January,  1896. 


KIMMELL,  WILLIAM,  agriculturist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  state  senator 
from  1866  to  1871;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Maryland  to  the  forty- 
fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses.  lie  died 
Dec.  28,  1886. 

KINCAID,  CHARLES  EASTON.  jour 
nalist,  jurist,  was  born  in  1855.  in  Dan 
ville,  Ky.  He  is  the  Washington  corre 
spondent  of  the  Louisville  Daily  Times.. 

KINCAID,  HARRISON  RITTEN- 
HOUSE,  journalist,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1836, 
in  Madison  county,  Ind.  During  1868-79 
he  was  a  clerk  in  the  United  States  sen 
ate;  and  during  1895-99  was  secretary  of 
state  of  Oregon,  and  also  state  auditor. 
He  issued  the  first  number  of  the  Oregon 
State  Journal  in  1864;  and  has  contrib 
uted  extensively  to  current  literature. 

KINCAID,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  15,  1791,  near  Danville,  Ky. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1829  to  1833.  He  died 
Feb.  7,  1875. 

KING,  ADAM,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1827  to  1833.  He  died  May 
6,  1835. 

KING,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  oorn  March 
20.  ]812,  in  Greenbrier  county,  Va.  ine 
was  elected  to  the  Missouri  state  senate 
in  1846;  to  the  house  of  representatives 
in  1858;  and  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court 
from  1859  to  1864.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

KING,  MRS.  ANNA  [EICHBERG],  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1853,  in  Switzerland. 
She  is  a  Boston  writer  of  short  stories, 
and  the  author  of  Brown's  Retreat,  and 
Other  Stories;  and  Kitwyk  Stories. 

KING,  AUSTIN  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor,  \vas  born 
Sept.  20,  1801,  in  Sullivan  county,  Tenn. 
He  removed  to  Missouri  in  1830;  in  1834 
was  elected  to  the  Missouri  legislature; 
was  re-elected  to  the  same  position  in 
1836;  and  in  1837  was  appointed  a  circuit 
judge  for  Ray  county,  which  position  he 
held  until  1848,  when  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Missouri,  the  term  of  that  office 
expiring  in  1853.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Missouri  to  tne 
thirty-eighth  congress.  He  died  April  22, 
1870,  in  bt.  Louis,  Mo. 

KING,  CHARLES,  soldier,  journalist, 
state  legislator,  college  president,  was 
born  March  16,  1789,  in  New  York  ciiy. 
The  war  of  1812  with  England  found  him 
actively  engaged  in  business,  and  al 
though  he  held  the  opinion  that  it  was  in 
judicious,  he  gave  the  government  his 
support,  both  in  tne  legislature  of  New 
York,  to  which  he  was  elected  in  1813 
and  as  a  volunteer  in  1814.  He  published 
the  New  York  American,  a  conservative 
newspaper,  and  was  its  sole  editor  from 
1827  till  1845,  when  he  became  one  of 
the  editors  of  the  Courier  and  Enquirer, 
holding  that  post  until  1849.  In  that  year 
he  was  chosen  president  of  Columbia  col 
lege.  He  died  in  October,  1867,  in  Fras- 
cati,  Italy. 

KING,  CHARLES,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  12,  1844,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  United  States  army  officer,  retired  in 
1879  with  the  rank  of  captain.  Among  his 
many  publications  are,  Famous  and  De 
cisive  Battles;  Between  the  Lines;  Cam 
paigning  with  Crook;  Stories  of  Army 
Life;  Cadet  Days;  The  Colonel's  Daugh 
ter;  The  Deserter;  A  War  Time  Wooing; 
Kitty's  Conquest;  Under  Fire;  Waring's 
Peril;  Foes  in  Ambush;  Fort  Frayne; 
and  Noble  Blood. 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


KING,  CLARENCE,  geologist,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  6,  1842,  in  Newport,  R.  i. 
He  is  a  geologist,  for  a  number  of  years 
in  the  government  service,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Mountaineering  in  the  Sierra  Ne 
vada;  and  Systematic  Geology. 

KING,  CYRl'S,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1772,  in 
Scarborough,  Maine.  He  was  a  major- 
general  of  militia;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1813  to  1817.  He  died  April  25,  1817,  in 
Saco,  Maine. 

KING,  DAN,  physician,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  27,  1791,  in  Mansfield,  Conn. 
He  was  a  Rhode  Island  physician,  and 
the  author  of  Life  and  Times  of  Governor 
Dorr;  Quackery  Unmasked;  and  Tobacco: 
What  it  Is  and  What  it  Does.  He  died 
Nov.  13,  1864,  in  Smithfield,  R.  I. 

KING,  DANIEL  PUTNAM,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1800, 
in  Danvers.  Mass.  In  1836  and  1837  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  leg 
islature;  in  1838  and  1839  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate;  and  in  1840  and  1841 
was  president  of  that  body.  He  was 
speaker  of  the  house  in  1843;  and  during 
that  year  was  elected  a  representative  m 
congress,  and  held  that  position  until 
his  death.  He  died  July  25,  1850,  in  Dan 
vers,  Mass. 

KING,  DAVID  BENNETT,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  20,  1848,  near  Mt. 
Pleasant,  Pa.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New 
York  city,  and  the  author  of  Latin  Pro 
nunciation;  and  The  Irish  Question. 

KING,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  13,xli95,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  several  times  elected 
to  each  branch  of  the  Ohio  legislature, 
and  for  two  sessions  was  speaner  of  the 
house.  He  attained  success  at  the  bar, 
and  was  instrumental  in  forming  the  Cin 
cinnati  law  school  in  1833.  He  died  Feb. 
6,  1836,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

KING,  EDWARD,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  July  31,  1848,  in  Middlefield, 
Mass.  He  was  a  journalist  who  lived  in 
Paris  as  correspondent  for  American 
journals,  and  the  author  of  The  Gentle 
Savage;  The  Golden  Spike;  French  Lead 
ers;  My  Paris,  or  French  Character 
Sketches;  Kentucky's  Love;  The  Great 
South;  Echoes  from  the  Orient,  a  volume 
of  poems;  Europe  in  Storm  and  Calm;  A 
Venetian  Lover,  a  Poem;  Joseph  Zal- 
monah;  and  Under  the  Red  Flag.  He 
died  in  1896. 

KING,  FRANK  LOUI.  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  Dec.  17,  18 — ,  in  England. 
He  was  dean  of  the  first  conservatory 
of  music  in  Cali 
fornia.  He  is  the 
founder  of  the  King 
Conservatory  of  Mu 
sic  of  San  Jose,  Cal., 
where  he  has  been 
a  most  successful 
teacher  of  the  piano 
forte  for  many 
years.  He  has  made 
many  pianists  of  the 
first  order;  and  is  a 
composer  and  di 
rector  of  the  high 
est  class.  The  advancement  of  music  as 
an  art,  and  the  dissemination  of  all  that 
is  best  and  refining  in  music,  has  ever 
been  attributed  to  his  influence  in  Santa 
Clara  county,  and  from  there  extending 
more  or  less  all  over  the  state  of  Cali 
fornia. 

KING,  GEORGE  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Rhode  Island.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Rhode  Island 
from  1849  to  1853;  and  was  presidential 
•elector  in  1849.  HP  died  July  17,  1870,  in 
Newport,  R.  I. 


KING,  GRACE  ELIZABETH,  author, 
was  born  in  1859,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 
She  is  a  popular  writer  or  New  Orleans 
and  the  author  of  Monsieur  Motte;  Tales 
of  a  Time  and  Place;  Earthlings;  New 
Orleans,  tne  Place  and  the  People;  Jean 
Baptiste  Lemoine,  Founder  of  New  Or 
leans;  and  Balcony  Stories. 

KING,  HENRY,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Hampden.Mass. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  Penn 
sylvania,  when  elected  a  representative 
in  the  twenty-second  congress.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  twenty-third  congress. 
He  died  July  13,  1861. 

KING,  HENRY  MELVILLE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1838.  in 
Oxford.  Maine.  He  is  a  baptist  clergy 
man,  and  since  1891  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Providence,  R.  I.  He 
is  the  author  of  Early  Baptists  Defended; 
Mary's  Alabaster  Box,  a  collection  of 
homilies;  and  Our  Gospels. 

KING.  HORATIO,  postmaster-general 
of  United  States,  author,  was  born  June 
21,  1811,  in  Paris,  Maine.  In  1854  he  was 
appointed  first  assistant  postmaster-gen 
eral,  and  from  President  Buchanan  he  re 
ceived  the  appointment  of  postmaster- 
general.  He  was  the  autnor  of  Sketches 
of  Travel,  or  Twelve  Months  in  Europe; 
and  Turning  on  the  Light,  a  Survey  of 
the  Administration  of  Buchanan.  He 
died  in  1897. 

KING,  HORATIO  COLLINS,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1837,  in  Port 
land,  Maine.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New 
York  city,  and  tne  author  of  Guide  for 
Regimental  Courts  Martial;  The  Brook 
lyn  Congregational  Council;  and  The  Ply 
mouth  Silver  Wedding. 

KING.  .1.  FIXDYD,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  20,  1842,  near 
St.  Mary's,  Ga.  He  entered  the  confed 
erate  army  and  served  throughout  the 
war.  attaining  the  rank  of  colonel.  He 
was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  mil 
itia  in  Louisiana.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  and 
forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

KING.  JAMES,  merchant,  banker,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  8,  1791,  in 
Highwood,  N.  J.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from 
1849  to  1851.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1853,  in 
Highwood,  N.  J. 

KING.  JAMES  L..  librarian,  was  born 
Aug.  2,  1850.  in  La  Harpe,  111.  In  1871  he 
moved  to  Topeka',  Kan.;  and  in  1894  was 
elected  state  librarian. 

KING.  JAMES  WILSON,  naval  engi 
neer,  author,  was  born  in  Maryland,  rte 
is  a  naval  engineer,  chief  of  the  bureau  of 
steam  engineering  in  1869-73;  and  the 
author  of  P>uropean  Ships  of  War;  and 
The  War  Ships  and  Navies  of  the  World. 
KING,  JEANNETTE,  HARRIET,  edu 
cator,  artist,  poet,  was  born  March  29, 
1829,  in  Cheshire,  Conn.  She  received  her 
education  in  the 
Youns  Ladies'  Se- 
lect  school  of  her 
native  city.  She  is 
the  wife  of  James 
W.  King,  the  cele 
brated  portrait 
painter,  who  died  in 
1877.  Mrs.  King  has 
attained  success  in 
art;  and  has  given 
instruction  in  music, 
embroidering,  and 
in  painting.  Since 
her  youth  she  has  contributed  extensively 
to  current  periodicals;  and  her  poems 
have  received  recognition  in  Poets  of 
America  and  other  standard  collections. 


KING,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1775.  He  served  in  congress  as  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  from  1831  to 
1833.  He  died  Sept.  1,  1836,  in  New  Leb 
anon,  N.  Y. 

KING,  JOHN  A.,  agriculturist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Jan.  3,  1788,  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly  from 
1819  to  1821;  was  again  elected  in  1832 
and  in  1840  from  Queens  county;  and  in 
1823  was  elected  to  the  state  senate.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1849  to  1851;  and  was 
governor  of  New  York  from  1856  to  1858. 
He  died  July  7,  1867,  in  Jamaica,  L.  I. 

KING,  JOHN  CROOKSHANKS,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1806,  in  Scotland. 
From  1837  till  1840  he  resided  in  New 
Orleans,  modeling  busts  of  public  men 
and  making  cameo  likenesses.  He  died 
April  21,  1882,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

KING,  JOHN  PENDLETON,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  April  3,  1799, 
near  Glasgow,  Ky.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Georgia  from  1833  to  1837. 
He  died  March  19,  1888,  in  Augusta,  Ga. 

KING,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  portrait 
painter,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1832,  in  Roches 
ter,  N.  Y.  He  attained  success  as  a  por 
trait  painter;  and 
was  known  as  one  of 
the  most  talented 
artists  of  the  south. 
His  pictures  have 
become  celebrated; 
and  his  portrait  01 
General  Lee  alone 
would  have  made 
his  reputation.  It 
was  exhibited  at  the 
Cotton  exhibition  at 
Atlanta,  Ga.  The 
picture  of  General 

Lee  is  noticeable  for  the  strength  and 
purity  of  color;  and  the  careful  work  of 
its  detail.  It  was  commenced  while  the 
army  was  in  camp  at  Hamilton  Crossing, 
after  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg;  and 
was  completed  at  Richmond,  Va.  He  died 
Oct.  15,  1877. 

KING,  JONAS,  missionary,  author,  was 
born  July  29,  1792,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  congregational  missionary  in 
Greece  who  has  lived  at  Athens  since  1831. 
He  was  the  author  of  Classical  Greek, 
French,  and  Arabic;  The  Defence  of 
Jonas  King;  Exposition  of  an  Apostolic 
Church;  Hermeneutics  of  the  Sacred 
Scriptures;  Sermons;  Synoptical  View  of 
Palestine:  and  Miscellaneous  Works. 
He  died  May  22,  1869,  in  Athens,  Greece. 

KING,  JOSHUA  INGERSOLL,  state 
senator,  was  born  in  1801,  in  Ridgefle^, 
Conn.  He  represented  his  district  as  sen 
ator  in  the  Connecticut  legislature  of 
1849.  He  died  July  30,  1887,  in  Ridge- 
field,  Conn. 

KING.  LOUISE  WOODWARD,  author, 
was  born  July  6,  1850,  in  Sand  Hills. 
Maine.  She  established  in  Georgia  the 
Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Animals,  and  was  the  founder  of  the 
Louise  King  Home  for  widows  in  Au 
gusta.  She  contributed  several  sketches 
and  poems  to  periodicals.  She  died  Dec. 
7,  1878,  in  Augusta,  Ga. 

KING,  MITCHELL,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  June  8, 
1783,  in  Scotland.  He  was  judge  of  the 
Charleston  city  court  in  1819,  and  again 
in  1842-44.  In  1830-32  he  was  an  active 
opponent  of  nullification.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  many  essays  and  addresses,  in 
cluding  one  before  the  state  agricultural 
society  at  Columbia  on  The  Culture  of 
the  Olive.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1862.  in  Flat 
Rock.  N.  C. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


557 


KING,  NATHAN  G..  state  senator.  In 
1873-74  he  represented  his  county  with 
ability  and  marked  fidelity  in  the  Michi 
gan  state  senate, 
and  throughout  his 
life  has  maintained 
a  high  social  stand 
ing  and  counted  as 
his  associates  the 
best  men,  public  and 
private.  He  is  pres 
ident  of  the  Farm 
er's  bank  of  Brook 
lyn,  Mich.,  and  is 
prominent  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and 
state.  He  also  contributes  valuable  arti 
cles  to  the  periodical  press  and  the  lead 
ing  magazines  of  the  United  States. 

KING,  PERKINS,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  12, 
1784,  in  New  Marlborough,  Mass.  In  1826 
he  was  made  judge  of  Greene  county; 
and  held  the  position  until  1850.  He 
served  two  terms  in  the  state  legislature; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York  from  1829  to  1831.  He 
died  Nov.  29,  1875,  in  Greene  county,  N.  Y. 

KING,  PRESTON,  lawyer,  journalist, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  14,  1806,  in  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  leg 
islature  from  1835-38;  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1843  to  1847,  and  again  from  1849  to  1853. 
In  1857  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress,  which  position  he  retained  until 
1863.  He  was  drowned  Nov.  12,  1865,  in 
the  Hudson  river. 

KING.  RIJFUS,  lawyer,  congressman. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  March 
24,  1755,  in  Scarborougn,  Maine.  He  was 
elected  from  New- 
bury,  Mass.,  to  the 
state  legislature; 
and  in  1784  was 
elected  a  delegate  to 
congress  at  Trenton. 
Moving  to  New 
York  city  in  1778,  he 
was  in  1789  elected 
a  senator  in  con 
gress;  and  was 
again  elected  to  the 
same  position  in 
1813,  remaining  in 
that  capacity  until  18^5.  He  died  April 
29,  »827,  in  New  York  city. 

KING,  RUFUS,  soldier,  civil  engineer, 
journalist,  was  born  Jan.  26.  1814,  in  New 
York  city.  He  moved  to  Wisconsin  and 
edited  the  Milwaukee  Sentinel  until  1861. 
He  commanded  a  division  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  Groveton,  Manassas,  Yorktown  and 
Fairfax;  and  resigned  in  1863.  He  died 
Oct.  13,  1876,  in  New  York  city. 

KING,  RUFUS,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1817,  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  promi 
nent  lawyer  of  Cincinnati,  and  the  author 
of  History  of  Ohio.  He  died  in  1891. 

KING,  RUFUS  H.,  baniter,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1784,  in  Ridgefield, 
Conn,  tie  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1855  to  1857. 
He  wag  subsequently  president  of  the 
New  York  State  National  bank  at  Al 
bany;  and  also  of  the  Albany  Insurance 
company.  He  died  July  9,  1867,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y. 

KING,  SAMUEL,  artist,  was  born  Jan. 
24,  1749,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  an 
artist  of  skill  in  his  day,  and  many  speci 
mens  of  his  work  are  extant,  including  a 
portrait  of  himself,  which  is  now  in  pos 
session  of  a  descendant.  He  died  Jan. 
1,  1820,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 


KING,  SAMUEL  G.,  author,  poet,  was 
born  May  2,  1816,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
In  1876  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Philadel 
phia.  He  is  the  authdr  of  numerous 
poems.  Among  his  best  known  are  Faith, 
Hope  and  Charity;  Birds  and  Flowers; 
To  Fortune;  and  other  works. 

KING,  SAMUEL  W.,  governor.  He  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Rhode 
Island  in  1839;  soon  became  the  acting 
governor;  and  from  1840  to  1843  was  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  by  election. 

KING,  THOMAS  BUTLER,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 
27,  1804,  in  Hampden,  Mass.  In  the  years 
1832,  1834,  1835,  and  1837  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Georgia  state  senate.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1839  to  1843;  again  from  1845  to 
1847;  and  for  another  term  ending  with 
1849;  and  in  1859  was  elected  a  senator  in 
the  state  legislature.  He  died  May  10, 
1864,  near  Waresborough,  Ga. 

KING,  THOMAS  D.,  soldier,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1779,  in  Dup- 
lin  county,  N.  C.  He  was  frequently 
elected  to  the  legislature,  in  which  he 
served  in  both  houses.  He  became  major 
in  the  forty-third  United  States  infantry 
in  1813,  and  remained  in  the  service  until 
peace  was  declared  in  1815.  He  died  Feb. 
24,  1854,  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 

KING,  THOMAS  STARR,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1824, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Bos 
ton  in  1845-56,  and 
of  San  Francisco  for 
the  remainder  of  his 
life.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Substance 
and  Show;  Chris 
tianity  and  Human 
ity,  with  a  Memoir 
by  E.  P.  Whipple; 
The  White  Hills,  a 
volume  of  travel  in 
the  White  Moun 
tains;  and  Patriot 
ism,  and  Other  Papers.  He  died  March  4, 
1863,  in  New  York  city. 

KING,  WILLIAM,  state  legislator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1768,  in  Scarbor 
ough,  Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  legislature  for  some  years. 
He  was  president  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  constitution  or  Maine, 
and  was  its  first  governor  in  1820 
and  1821.  He  was  United  States 
commissioner  for  the  adjustment  of  Span 
ish  claims  from  1821  to  1824;  and  was 
general  of  militia  and  collector  of  cus 
toms  at  Bath  from  1831  to  1834.  He  died 
June  17,  1852,  in  Bath,  Maine. 

KING,  WILLIAM  FLETCHER,  third 
president  'of  Cornell  college,  was  born 
Dec.  20,  1830,  near  Zanesville,  Ohio.  In 
1857  he  graduated 
from  the  classical 
course  of  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  univer 
sity;  and  for  five 
years  was  employed 
as  a  teacher  in  that 
institution.  In  1862 
he  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  the  Greek 
and  Latin  languages 
in  Cornell  college  of 
Mount  Vernon.Iowa, 
which  position  he 
held  until  the  death  of  President  Fellows 
in  1863.  He  then  took  charge  of  the  col 
lege  as  acting  president,  and  was  formally 
elected  president  in  1865.  He  still  holds 
that  office,  making  him  not  only  the  sen 
ior  college  president  of  Iowa,  but  as  far 
as  known,  the  oldest  in  continued  presi 
dency  in  the  same  institution  in  Amer 


ica.  For  a  third  of  a  century  he  has  been 
laboring  to  enlarge  the  scope  and  use 
fulness  of  Cornell  college,  and  to  advance 
the  interests  of  its  students.  He  has 
traveled  extensively  in  America  and  Eu 
rope,  and  is  a  man  of  affairs  as  well  as  of 
scholarship.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
national  commission  of  the  World's  Co 
lumbian  exposition;  has  been  three  times 
elected  to  the  general  conference  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church.  He  is  a  vig 
orous  speaker  and  a  graceful  writer;  and 
his  published  papers  and  addresses  have 
been  well  received. 

KING,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  June,  1863,  in  Fillmore  City,  Utah. 
In  1882  he  was  elect 
ed  to  various  offices 
in  Fillmore  City  and 
Millard  county.  He 
was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Utah  leg 
islature  in  1885,  and 
re-elected  two  years 
later.  In  1891  he 
was  elected  to  the 
territorial  legisla 
ture,  and  was  select 
ed  as  president  of 
the  council  or  upper 
house.  He  was  also  elected  county  attor 
ney  of  Utah  county,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  for  four  years;  was  city  attorney 
of  Provo  City  for  a  number  of  years;  and 
in  1894  was  appointed  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Utah,  tie  was 
elected  to  fhe  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

KING,  WILLIAM  RUFUS,  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  April 
6,  1786,  in  Sampson  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
a  representative  in 
congress  from  his 
native  state  from 
1811  to  1816.  In  1819 
was  elected  a  sen 
ator  in  congress 
from  Alabama, 
where  he  continued 
until  1844.  In  1846 
he  was  again  elect 
ed  to  the  United 
States  senate,  where 
he  remained  until 
elected  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  in  1852.  During 
the  twenty-fourth,  twenty-fifth,  twenty- 
sixth,  thirty-first,  and  thirty-second  con 
gresses  he  officiated  as  president  pro 
tern,  of  the  senate,  and  as  a  presiding 
officer  commanded  universal  respect.  He 
died  April  18,  1853,  in  Cahawba,  Ala. 

KING,  WILLIAM  RUFUS,  civil  engi 
neer,  author,  was  born  in  1839,  in  New 
York.  He  is  an  engineering  officer  in  the 
United  States  army;  and  the  author  of 
Torpedoes,  their  Invention  and  Use;  and 
Materials  for  Defensive  Armor. 

KING,  WILLIAM  S.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1828,  in  Ma- 
lone,  N.  Y.  In  1858  he  removed  to  Min 
neapolis,  Minn.,  and  established  the  State 
Atlas;  and  was  subsequently  elected  post 
master  of  the  national  house  of  repre 
sentatives  for  the  thirty-seventh,  thirty- 
eighth,  fortieth,  forty-first,  and  forty-sec 
ond  congresses;  and  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

KING,  WILLIAM  STERLING,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  6, 
1818,  in  New  York  city.  In  1855  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
legislature.  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war  he  was  commissioned  captain  in  the 
thirty-fifth  Massachusetts  regiment,  and 
in  1865  was  made  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers.  He  died  June  29,  1882,  in 
Roxbury,  Mass. 


558 


HERRIXGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


KING,  YELVERTON  P.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  1794,  in  Greene 
-county,  Ga.  In  1830  he  was  made  state 
superintendent  of  public  lands;  was  fre 
quently  elected  to  the  Georgia  legislature; 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1840. 
He  died  Aug.  5,  1868,  in  Greene  county, 
Ga. 

KINGSBURY,  JACOB,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1755,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  entered 
the  continental  army  as  a  private  In  1775, 
served  in  Wayne's  Indian  campaign,  and 
was  appointed  lieutenant  of  infantry  in 
1789.  He  rose  by  regular  promotion  to 
the  rank  of  inspector-general.  He  ciied 
July  1,  1837,  in  Franklin,  Mo. 

KINGSBURY,  JOSEPH  THOMAS,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Nov. 
4,  1853.  in  North  Weber,  Utah.  He  has 
filled  the  chair  of  chemistry  and  physics 
in  me  university  of  Utah  for  many  years 
past;  and  has  been  vice-president  of  that 
institution,  and  is  now  its  honored  presi 
dent. 

KINGSBURY,  WILLIAM  W.,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  June  4. 
1828,  in  Towanda.  Pa.  He  moved  to  Min 
nesota,  and  in  the  year  1855  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Minnesota  legislature. 
and  again  in  1856.  In  1857  he  was  dele 
gate  to  the  convention  for  framing  a  con 
stitution  for  Minnesota;  was  elected  a 
delegate  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

KINGSFORD.  THOMAS,  inventor,  was 
born  Sept.  29.  1799,  in  Kent,  England.  He 
was  the  inventor  of  the  manufacture  of 
corn  starch,  founder 
of  the  O  s  w  e  g  o 
Starch  factory,  and 
originator  of  one  of 
America's  great  in 
dustries.  He  was 
the  first  man  to  sug 
gest  the  manufac 
ture  of  starch  from 
Indian  corn.  The  > 
first  lot  of  corn 
starch  ever  prepared 
for  the  general  mar 
ket  was  produced  by 
Mr.  Kingsford  in  1842. 

KINGSFORD.  THOMSON,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  April  4,  1828,  in  England. 
All  the  machinery  of  the  factory  of  T. 
Kingsford  and  Son,  at  Bergen.  N.  J.,  was 
designed,  made  and  set  up  by  Thomson 
Kingsford,  and,  during  the  remainder  of 
his  father's  life,  he  aided  actively  in  the 
management  of  the  starch  industry,  most 
of  the  mechanical  improvements  originat 
ing  with  him. 

KINGSLEY,  MRS.  ADELAIDE  D.,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1843  in  Canada. 
'She  is  a  successful  writer  of  Blue  Earth 
City,  Minn.;  the  author  of  a  story  en 
titled  Heart  or  Purse;  and  a  volume  of 
poems. 

KINGSLEY,  CALVIN,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  in  1812.  in  Annsville,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  methodist  bishop,  and  the  author  of 
The  Resurrection  of  the  Dead;  and  Hound 
the  World.  He  died  April  6,  1870,  in 
Syria. 

KINGSLEY,  JAMES  LUCE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1778,  in  Wind- 
ham,  Conn.  He  was  the  author  of  numer 
ous  valuable  articles  on  historical  sub 
jects.  He  also  published  a  History  of 
Yale  College;  and  several  biographical 
and  historical  works.  He  died  Aug.  31, 
1852,  in  New  Haven.  Conn. 

KINGSLEY,  W.  J.  P..  physician,  sur 
geon,  banker,  was  born  in  1824,  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.  He  attended  the  Whitestown  sem 
inary;  the  Geneva  Medical  college;  and  the. 
New  York  Medical  college,  from  which 
latter  institution  he  received  his  degree  of 
M.  D.  He  has  obtained  success  as  a  phy 


sician  and  surgeon  of  Rome,  N.  Y.,  and 
is  widely  known  as  a  specialist  in  the 
treatment  of  malignant  growths.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Farmers'  National 
bank;  president  of  the  Central  New  York 
Institute  for  Deaf  Mutes:  president  of  the 
Rome  Cemetery  association;  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Rome  Brass  and  Copper 
company;  mayor  of  his  city;  and  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  business 
and  public 'affairs  of  Rome,  N.  Y. 

KINKEAD,  JOHN  H..  merchant,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1826,  in  Smith- 
field,  Pa.  He  was  treasurer  of  Nevada 
territory  for  three  years;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention 
which  framed  the  constitution  under 
which  Nevada  was  admitted  as  a  state. 
He  was  nominated  for  governor  of  Ne 
vada  in  1878.  without  solicitation;  was 
elected  and  served  four  years — from  1879 
to  1883;  and  in  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  the  district  of  Alas 
ka. 

KINLOCH,  CLELAND,  planter,  state 
legislator,  inventor,  was  born  in  1759,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  served  frequently  in 
the  state  legislature;  was  a  delegate  to 
the  conventions  of  1787  and  1790;  also 
holding  other  offices.  He  was  among  the 
most  successful  rice  planters  in  the  state, 
and  one  of  the  first  to  adopt  the  tide 
water  cultivation  and  the  new  pounding 
and  threshing  machinery,  and  to  encour 
age  inventions  and  improvements.  He 
died  Sept.  23,  1823,  in  Acton,  S.  C. 

KINLOCH,  FRANCIS,  congressman, 
was  born  March  7,  1755,  in  Charleston,  S. 
C.  He  was  a  delegate  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1780  to  1781.  He  died  Feb.  8,  1826,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

KINLOCH,  ROBERT  ALEXANDER, 
educator,  physician,  surgeon,  inventor, 
was  born  Feb.  20,  1826,  in  Charleston,  S. 
C.  Since  1867  he  has  been  professor  of 
surgery  in  the  medical  college  of  South 
Carolina.  In  1876  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  international  medical  congress.  He 
has  invented  several  surgical  instruments 
and  appliances,  chiefly  urethrotome  stone 
pessaries.  He  was  the  first  in  the  United 
States  to  reset  the  knee  joint  for  chronic 
disease. 

KINNARD,  GEORUE  L.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Indiana  from  1833  to  1837.  He  died  Nov. 
26,  1838,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

KINNE,  AARON,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1745,  in  Lisbon,  Conn.  He 
was  ordained  in  1770,  and  Had  charge  of 
a  congregational  church  in  Groton,  Conn. 
He  published  The  honship  of  Christ;  A 
Display  of  Scripture  Prophesies;  Explana 
tion  of  the  Types,  Revelation,  etc.;  and 
An  Essay  on  the  New  Heaven  and  Earth. 
He  died  July  9,  1824,  in  Talmadge,  Ohio. 

KINNERSLEY,  EBENEZER,  electri 
cian,  educator,  inventor,  was  born  Nov.  30. 
1711,  in  England.  He  was  electrician  and 
professor  of  English  and  natural  philos 
ophy  in  the  college  of  Philadelphia  from 
1753  to  1773.  In  1757  he  invented  an  elec 
trical  thermometer,  and  that  year  was  the 
first  to  prove  that  heat  could  be  produced 
by  electricity.  He  died  July  4,  1778,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

KINNEY,  CLESSON  S.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  5,  1859,  in  East  Townsend, 
Ohio.  He  has  become  prominent  in  the 
"profession  of  law,  and  is  the  author  of 
Kinney  on  Irrigation. 

KINNEY.  COATES,  lawyer,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1826.  in  Penn  Yan, 
N.  Y.  He  is  an  Ohio  lawyer  and  journal 
ist,  and  the  author  of  Keuka.  and  Other 
Poems;  and  Lyrics  of  the  Real  and  Ideal. 
The  Rain  Upon  the  Roof  is  his  most  fam 
iliar  poem. 


KINNEY,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  CLE 
MENTINE  [DODGE]  [Sl'EDMAN],  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1810,  in 
New  York  city.  She  was  a  poet  of  New 
ark,  N.  J.,  but  resident  in  Italy  in  1850-65. 
and  the  author  of  Felicita:  Poems;  Bi- 
anca  Capello:  a  Tragedy.  She  died  Nov. 
19,  1889,  in  Summit,  N.  J. 

KINNEY,  JOHN  FITCH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  2,  1816,  in 
New  Haven,  N.  Y.  In  1853  he  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Utah,  and  went  to  that  territory  in 
1854.  In  1857  he  moved  to  Nebraska'ter- 
ritory;  and  in  1860  was  again  appointed 
chief  justice  of  Utah,  holding  that  office 
until  1863,  when  he  was  elected  a  delegate 
from  Utah  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 
KINNEY.  JONATHAN  KENDRICK. 
soldier,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  26. 
1843,  in  Royalston,  Vt.  He  served  in  the 
volunteer  army  in  the  civil  war,  and  at 
its  close  engaged  in  business  in  the  west. 
He  has  published  A  Digest  of  the  Deci 
sions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States;  and  edited  the  Law  of  Railways. 
KINNEY,  NARCISSA  EDITH  WHITE, 
educator,  temperance  worker,  was  born 
July  24,  1854,  in  Grove  City,  Pa.  She  re- 
_  ceived  her  education 

:j:;v  in    the    Grove    City 

-2JL  academy,  and  at  the 

Jjjj  •    Edinboro  State  Nor- 

JB  ^^fc         mal  school,  Pa.     She 

2   has      been      teacher 
¥  >~^  *|   R   and     superintendent 
I   in   the    training   de- 
__•  ]^4  \  g   partment       of       the 
Pennsylvania     state 
Normal    school;   and 
for      several      years 
was      institute      in 
structor.      She    is    a 
national   lecturer    and    organizer  of    the 
Woman's    Christian     Temperance    union; 
has  been  state  secretary  of  the  Chautau- 
qua  association;     director    of  the  Oregon 
Summer    school;     and    president    of    the 
State     Woman's     Cnristian     Temperance 
union  of  Oregon. 

KINNEY.  THOMAS  TALMADGE,  ed 
itor  and  proprietor  of  the  Newark  Daily 
Advertiser,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1827,  in 
Newark,  N.  J.  He  is  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Newark  Daily  Advertiser.  He  was 
one  of  the  projectors  of  the  Newark  Board 
of  Trade  and  a  delegate  from  that  body 
to  a  convention  in  Philadelphia  which  or 
ganized  the  National  Board  of  Trade. 

KINNEY,  WILLIAM  BIIRNET,  jour 
nalist,  diplomat,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1799. 
in  Speedwell,  N.  Y.  He  was  connected 
with  the  press  of  New  Jersey,  and  in  1850 
was  appointed  charge  d'affaires  to  Sar 
dinia,  where  he  remained  until  1853.  He 
died  Oct.  21,  1880.  in  Speedwell. 

KINSELLA,  THOMAS,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1832,  in  Ireland. 
He  held  the  local  offices  in  Brooklyn  of 
water  commissioner  and  member  of  the 
board  of  education;  and  was  nominated 
as  postmaster  of  that  city  in  1866,  and 
again  in  1867,  but  was  rejected  by  the 
senate.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-sec 
ond  congress  from  New  York  as  a  demo 
crat.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1884.  in  Brooklyn. 
N.  Y. 

KINSEY,  CHARLES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1817  to  1819,  and  from 
1820  to  1821. 

KINSEY,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  22,  1731,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
New  Jersey  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1774  to  1775,  when  he  resigned  his 
seat.  In  1789  he  was  appointed  chief  jus 
tice  of  New  jersey,  hie  died  Jan.  3,  1802. 
in  Burlington,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN'     BIOGRAPHY. 


559 


KINSEY,  JOHN,  jurist,  journalist,  state 
legislator,  author,  was  born  in  1693,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Up  to  1730  Kinsey  re 
sided  in  New  Jersey,  where  he  served  in 
the  assembly;  but  after  this  date  he.  lived 
in  Philadelphia,  and  in  the  same  year 
was  chosen  to  the  assembly  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  was  attorney-general  of  the 
province  from  1738  tul  1741,  and  in  1743 
was  appointed  chief  justice,  which  post 
Tie  held  until  his  death.  He  published 
Laws  of  New  Jersey,  1733.  He  died  May 
11,  1750,  in  Burlington,  N.  .1. 

KINSEY,  WILLIAM  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Mount  Pleasant, 
Ohio.  Since  1875  he  has  been  actively  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

KINSLEY,  MARTIN,  soldier,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  June  2,  1754,  in 
Bridgewater.  Mass.  He  served  in  the  leg 
islature  of  Massachusetts  about  thirty 
years;  was  also  at  different  periods  a 
member  of  the  state  council,  a  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas,  and  judge  of 
probate;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1819  to 
1821.  He  died  June  20,  1835. 

KINSOLVING,  GEORGE  HERBERT, 
bishop  of  Texas,  was  born  April  28,  1849, 
in  Bedford  county,  Va.  In  188 1  he  was 
•elected  missionary  bishop  of  western 
'Texas. 

KINZIE,  JOHN,  founder  of  Chicago, 
was  born  in  1763,  in  Quebec,  Canada.  In 
1804  he  established  a  trading  post  on  tne 
site  of  the  present  city  of  Chicago,  where 
he  was  the  first  white  settler,  and  he  sub 
sequently  founded  others  on  Rock,  Illi 
nois,  and  Kankakee  rivers.  He  died  Jan. 
•6,  1828,  in  Chicago,  111. 

KINZIE,  MRS.  JULIETTE  AUGUSTA 
[MAGILL],  author,  was  born  in  1806,  in 
•Connecticut.  She  was  a  novelist  of  Chi- 
•cago,  and  the  author  of  Wau-bun,  or  the 
Early  Day  in  the  Northwest;  Walter 
•Ogilby;  and  Mark  Logan. 

KIP.  LEONARD,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  13,  1826,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  lawyer  of  Albany,  and  the  au 
thor  of  California  Sketches;  The  Volcano 
Diggings;  /Enone.  a  Roman  Tale;  The 
Dead  Marquise;  Hannibal's  Man,  and 

•Other  Tales;  Under  the  Bells,  a  romance; 
Nestlenook,  a  novel;  At  Cobweb  and 

•Crusty's;  Thaloe;  The  Puntacooset  Col 
ony;  Three  Pines;  and  A  Tale  of  the  In- 

•credible. 

KIP,  WILLIAM  INGRAHAM,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1811,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  the  first  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of  California  in  1853-93. 
He  was  the  author  of  Double  Witness  of 
the  Church;  Lenten  Fasts;  Early  Con 
flicts  of  Christianity;  Christmas  Holidays 
in  Rome;  Catacombs  of  Rome;  Early  Jes 
uit  Missions  in  North  America;  Recanta 
tion,  an  Italian  tale;  The  Unnoticed 
'Things  of  Scripture:  The  Church  of  the 
Apostles;  and  The  Olden  Time  in  New 
York.  He  died  April  6,  1893,  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

KIRBY,  EDMUND,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1840,  in  Brownville,  N.  i.  He  was 
made  first  lieutenant  on  May  14,  1861, 
and  was  given  the  commission  of  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from 
May  23,  1863.  He  died  May  28,  1863,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

KIRBY,  EDWARD  P.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1833,  in 
Hadley.  111.  For  two  terms  he  was  tne 
county  judge  of  Morgan  county,  111.  He 
served  as  a -member  of  the  Illinois  state 
legislature. 


KIRBY.  EPHRAIM.  soldier,  jurist,  leg 
islator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1757,  in 
Litchfield,  Conn.  He  served  at  the  battle 
of  Bunker  Hill,  and  remained  in  active 
service  until  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence.  He  published  a  volume  of  Reports 
of  the  Decisions  of  the  Superior  Court 
and  Court  of  Errors,  which  was  the  first 
of  that  character  published  in  Connecti 
cut,  and  probably  in  the  United  States. 
From  1791  to  1804  he  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  legislature.  After  the  acqui 
sition  of  Louisiana  he  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  newly  organized  territory  of 
Orleans.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1804,  in  Stod- 
dard,  Miss. 

KIRBY,  J.  HUDSON,  actor,  was  born 
April  3,  1819,  in  New  Jersey.  During  sev 
eral  years  Kirby  was  engaged  as  leading 
performer  at  the  Chatham  btreet  National 
theater.  Here  he  met  with  remarkable 
popularity  in  the  dramas  Six  Degrees  of 
Crime;  The  Surgeon  of  Paris;  The  Car 
penter  of  Rouen;  and  others,  that  ran 
nightly  for  several  seasons.  He  died  in 
1848,  in  England. 

KIRBY,  REYNOLD  MARVIN,  soldier, 
was  born  March  10,  1790,  in  Litchfield. 
Conn.  He  entered  the  army  in  1813,  and 
received  the  brevets  of  first  lieutenant 
and  captain  for  gallantry  in  the  siege  of 
Fort  Erie.  He  became  captain  of  artil 
lery  in  1824,  and  brevet  major  in  tne  same 
year.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1842,  in  Fort  Sul 
livan,  Maine. 

KIRCHHOFF,  CHARLES  WILLIAM 
HENRY,  mining  engineer,  journalist,  was 
born  March  28,  1853,  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal.  In  1886  he  was  made  assistant  ed 
itor  of  the  Iron  Age,  and  he  became  its 
editor  in  1887.  He  has  since  1882  pre 
pared  annually  for  the  Mineral  Resources 
of  the  United  States  chapters  on  certain 
of  the  heavier  metals. 

KIRCHNER,  OTTO,  lawyer,  educator, 
was  born  July  13.  1846,  in  Germany.  Dur 
ing  1877-81  he  was  attorney-general  of 
Michigan.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  pro 
fessor  of  law  at  Ann  Arbor,  and  served 
one  year;  and  in  1893  was  re-appointed 
to  the  same  position. 

KIRK,  EDWARD  NORRIS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1802,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  of  Boston,  pastor  of  the  Mount 
Vernon  church  in  1842-74,  and  the  author 
of  Sermons;  The  Parables  of  Our  Lord; 
Lectures  on  Revivals;  Canon  of  the  Holy 
Scripture;  The  Waiting  Saviour;  and 
Christian  Sympathy  Awakened.  He  died 
March  27,  1874,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

KIRK,  EDWARD  N.,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  29,  1828,  in  Jefferson  county,  Ohio. 
He  organized  the  thirty-fourth  Illinois 
regiment;  and  commanded  a  brigade  at 
Shiloh,  and  at  the  siege  of  Corinth,  on 
Nov.  29,  1862,  and  was  appointed  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers.  He  died  July 
26,  1863. 

KIRK,  MRS.  ELLEN  WARNER  [OL- 
NEY]— HENRY  HAYES— author,  was 
born  Nov.  6,  1842,  in  Southington, 
Conn.  She  is  a  popular  novelist  of 
Germantown,  Philadelphia,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Through  Winding  Ways;  A 
Midsummer  Madness;  Walford;  The 
Story  of  Margaret  Kent;  Sons  and 
Daughters;  Love  in  Idleness;  A  Lesson  in 
Love;  Fairy  Gold;  Queen  Money;  Better 
Times,  short  stories;  A  Daughter  of  Eve: 
Narden's  Choosing;  Ciphers:  and  The 
Story  of  Lawrence  Garthe. 

KIRK,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  journalist, 
was  born  in  1848.  in  Byron,  N.  Y.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  na 
tive  city;  at  Batavia  academy;  and  at  the 
Rockford  State  Normal  school.  Early  in 
life  lie  was  engaged  in  mercantile  busi 


ness  and  school  teaching.  In  1871  he 
moved  to  East  St.  Louis,  111.,  where  for 
twenty  years  he  has  been  the  editor  of  the 
Daily  Journal,  of  which  he  is  now  the 
principal  owner.  He  has  taken  a  promi 
nent  part  in  public  affairs,  and  has  held 
numerous  offices  of  trust  and  honor. 

KIRK,  JOHN  FOSTER,  author,  was 
born  March  22,  1824,  in  t  redericktown. 
N.  B.  He  was  the  secretary  to  the  historian 
Prescott  for  eleven  years,  and  since  1885 
lecturer  on  European  history  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  Charles  the  Bold;  and 
Supplement  to  Allibone's  Dictionary. 

KIRK,  JOHN  R.,  lawyer,  educator,  was 
born  Jan.  21,  1851,  in  Bureau  county,  111. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public 
schools  of  Missouri; 
graduated  from  the 
State  Normal  school 
of  Kirksville;  at 
tended  the  universi 
ties  of  Missouri  and 
Kansas;  and  at 
tained  proficiency  in 
Latin,  Greek,  sci 
ence  and  mathemat 
ics.  He  has  been 
county  commission 
er  of  schools  of  Har 
rison  county;  for  eight  years  was  super 
intendent  of  schools  of  Bethany;  for 
seven  years  was  connected  with  the  prin 
cipal  schools  of  Kansas  City;  and  since 
1894  has  been  state  superintendent  of  pub 
lic  schools  for  the  state  of  Missouri. 

KIRKBRIDE,  THOMAS  STORY,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  July  31,  1809,  in 
Morrisville,  Pa.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Philadelphia,  who  was  superintendent  of 
the  Pennsylvania  hospital  for  the  insane 
in  1840-83.  He  was  the  author  of  Appeal 
for  the  Insane;  Essays  on  Insanity;  and 
Construction  of  Hospitals  for  the  Insane. 
He  died  Dec.  16,  1883,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
KIRKER,  THOMAS,  governor.  He  was 
acting  governor  of  Ohio  in  1807. 

KIRKHAM,  RALPH  WILSON,  soldier, 
was  born  Feb.  20,  1821,  in  Springfield, 
Mass.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as 
chief  quartermaster  and  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  of  the  United  States 
army. 

KIRKLAND,  MRS.  CAROLINE  MA 
TILDA  [STANSBURYJ,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  12,  1801,  in  New  York  city.  She  was 
a  once  popular  writer  of  New  York  city, 
and  the  author  of  A  New  Home;  Who'll 
Follow?;  Western  Clearings;  Fireside 
Talks  on  Morals  and  Manners;  Holidays 
Abroad;  A  Book  for  the  Home  Circle;  and 
l<orest  Life.  She  died  April  6,  18bi,  m 
New  York  city. 

KIRKLAND,  ELIZABETH  STANS- 
BURY,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1828, 
in  New  York.  She  was  an  educator  of 
Chicago,  and  the  author  of  Six  Little 
Cooks;  Dora's  Housekeeping;  Speech  and 
Manners  for  Home  and  School;  and  Short 
Histories  of  English  Literature,  France, 
England,  Italy,  for  Young  People.  She 
died  in  1896. 

KIRKLAND,  JOHN  THORNTON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1770, 
in  Geneva,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  who  was  president  of  Harvard 
university  in  1810-2  /;  and  the  author  of 
Life  of  Fisher  Ames;  and  Eulogy  of  Gen 
eral  Washington,  he  died  April  24,  1840, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

KIRKLAND,  JOSEPH,  mayor,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1771,  in  Old  Nor 
wich,  Conn.  He  served  frequently  in  the 
New  York  state  legislature;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1821  to  1823.  He  died  Jan.  26, 
1844.  in  Utica,  N.  f. 


560 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AA'ICRICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


KIRKLAND,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  jan.  7,  1830,  in  Geneva, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Chicago,  who 
was  a  major  in  the  federal  army  during 
the  civil  war.  His  two  novels  of  pioneer 
life  in  Illinois,  Zury;  and  The  McVeys,  are 
notably  faithful,  graphic  studies.  His 
other  writings  include,  The  Captain  of 
Company  K;  The  Story  of  Chicago;  and 
Story  of  the  Chicago  Massacre  of  1812. 

KIRKLAND,  SAMUEL,  clergyman, 
missionary,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1741,  in  Nor 
wich,  Conn.  He  was  the  founder  of  Ham 
ilton  college.  He  was  a  successful  cler 
gyman  and  missionary  to  the  Indians  of 
Oneida  county,  N.  Y.  He  died  Feb.  28, 
1808,  in  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

KIRKLAND,  WILLIAM,  educator, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1810,  in 
Utica,  N.  Y.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  editor  of  the  New  York  Evening  Mir 
ror.  Besides  many  other  contributions  to 
periodical  literature,  he  was  the  author 
of  a  series  of  Letters  from  Abroad,  which 
were  never  collected  in  book  form.  He 
died  Oct.  19,  1846,  in  Fishkill,  N.  \. 

KIRKMAN,  MARSHALL  MONROE,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  10,  1842,  in  Illinois. 
He  was  the  vice-president  of  the  Chicago 
and  Northwestern  railway,  and  the  au- 
tnor  of  Railway  Disbursements;  Railway 
Revenue;  Railway  Service;  Baggage  Car 
Traffic;  Railway  Expenditures;  Handling 
of  Railway  Supplies;  Railway  Rates  and 
Government  Control;  and  How  to  Collect 
Railway  Revenues  without  Loss. 

K1RKPATRICK,  ANDREW,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1756, 
in  Mine  Brook,  N.  J.  In  1797  he  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  assembly;  was 
a  judge  of  the  supreme  court;  and  dur 
ing  1803-24  was  chief  justice.  He  died 
Jan.  7,  1831,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

KIRKPATRICK,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1844,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  He  was  president  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  of  Essex  county, 
N.  J.,  for  eleven  years;  and  in  1896  was 
made  judge  of  the  United  States  district 
court. 

KIRKPATRICK,  JANE  BAYARD,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  12,  1772,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  She  is  the  author  of  The  Light 
of  Other  Days,  edited  by  her  daughter, 
Mrs.  Jane  E.  Cogswell.  She  died  Feb.  16, 
1851,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

KIRKPATRICK,  JOHN  LYCAN,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  Jan. 
20,  1813,  in  Mecklenburg  county,  N.  C.  In 
1861  he  became  president  of  Davidson  col 
lege,  North  Carolina,  anu  in  1866  he  was 
elected  to  the  chair  of  moral  philosophy 
in  Washington  college,  Lexington,  Va., 
under  the  presidency  of  General  Robert 
E.  Lee.  He  died  June  24,  1885,  in  Lex 
ington,  Va. 

KIRKPATRICK,  LITTLETON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  19, 1797, 
in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1843  to  1845;  and  was  also  for  five 
years  surrogate  of  the  county  of  Middle 
sex.  He  died  Aug.  15,  1859,  in  Saratoga 
Springs,  N.  Y. 

KIRKPATRICK,  SNYDER  S.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
27,  1848,  in  Franklin  county.  111.  He  was 
elected  county  attorney  of  Wilson  county, 
Kan.,  in  1879,  and  served  for  a  period  of 
two  years;  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate  from  the  twelfth  senatorial  district, 
composed  of  the  counties  of  Wilson  and 
Neosho.  and  served  in  that  capacity  for  a 
term  of  four  years;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

KIRKPATRICK.  WILLIAM,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  November,  1768,  in  Am- 
well,  N.  J.  In  1806  he  moved  to  Salina,  N. 
Y.,  and  became  superintendent  of  the 


Salt  Springs.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1807  to  1809  from  New 
York.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1832,  in  Salina, 
N.  Y. 

KIRKPATRICK,  WILLIAM  SEBRING, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
April  21,  1844,  in  Easton,  Pa.  He  was  ap 
pointed  president  judge  of  the  third  judi 
cial  district  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  early 
part  of  1874  to  fill  an  unexpired  term, 
and  served  in  said  office  until  January, 
1875.  He  was  appointed  attorney-general 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1887,  and  served  as 
such  till  1891.  He  was  elected  to  the  fif 
ty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

KIRKWOOD,  DANIEL,  astronomer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1814,  in  Braden- 
baugh,  Md.  He  was  an  astronomer  of 
distinction,  professor  in  Indiana  univer 
sity  since  1850,  and  the  author  of  Meteor 
ic  Astronomy;  Comets  and  Meteors;  and 
Asteroids  and  Minor  Planets  between 
Mars  and  Jupiter. 

KIRKWOOD,  JAMES  PUGH,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  March  27,  1807,  in  Scot 
land.  For  several  years  he  was  United 
States  constructing  engineer  for  the 
docks,  hospital,  and  workshops  at  Pensa- 
cola,  Fla.,  and  afterward  was  general  su 
perintendent  of  the  Erie  railroad.  He 
died  April  22,  1877,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

KIRKWOOD,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  25,  1793,  in  Paisley, 
Scotland.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  Yonkers,  and  the  author  of  Lec 
tures  on  the  Millennium;  Universalism 
Explained;  A  Plea  for  the  Bible;  and  Il 
lustration  of  the  Offices  of  Christ.  He 
died  Aug.  26,  1866,  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

KIRKWOOD,  SAMUEL  JORDAN,  law 
yer,  governor,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1813,  in  Hartford  county, 
Md.  He  moved  to  Iowa  in  1855;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  senate  of  that  state  in  1856;  and 
was  governor  of  Iowa  from  1860  to  1864. 
In  1866  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Iowa  to  fill  a  vacancy.  In 
1875  he  was  again  elected  governor  of 
Iowa;  and  in  1876  was  again  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1877  and  ending  in  1883. 

KIRTLAND,  DORRANCE,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1817  to  1819. 

KIRTLAND,  JARED  POTTER,  physi 
cian,  naturalist,  legislator,  was  born  Nov. 
10,  1793,  in  Wallingford,  Conn.  He  be 
came  an  expert  in  tne  cultivation  of  fruits 
and  flowers,  and  a  close  student  of  bot 
any.  In  1828  he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio 
legislature,  and  served  three  terms.  Dur 
ing  1841-64  he  was  professor  of  medicine 
in  the  Cleveland  Medical  college,  of  which 
institution  he  was  one  of  the  founders. 
He  died  Dec.  10,  1877,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

KISSAM,  RICHARD  SHARPE,  physi 
cian,  was  born  in  1763,  in  New  York  city. 
He  began  practice  in  New  York  in  1791, 
and  for  thirty  years  was  at  the  head  of 
his  profession.  He  was  particularly  noted 
as  a  lithotomist,  only  three  out  of  his  six 
ty-five  operations  proving  fatal.  He  died 
in  October,  1822,  in  New  York  city. 

KISTLER,  FRANK  M.,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  25,  1864,  in  Logansport,  Ind. 
He  graduated  from  the  high  school  of 
Royal  Center,  Ind.,  and  became  a  teacher 
in  that  institution.  He  subsequently  took 
the  scientific  course  in  the  Wabash  college 
of  Crawfordsville,  Ind.  In  188?  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar;  was  elected  state's 
attorney  in  1892;  and  in  1896  was  offered 
the  democratic  nomination  for  congress, 
which  he  declined.  He  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Logansport,  Ind.;  and  is  promi 
nent  in  the  democratic  politics  of  his 
state. 


KITCHELL,  AARON,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  July  10,  1744,  in  Hanover,  N.  J.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New, Jersey  from  1791  to  1793,  from  1794 
to  1797,  and  from  1799  to  1801.  He  was 
a  senator  in  congress  from  1805  to  1809, 
when  he  resigned.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature.  He  died  June 
25,  1820,  in  Hanover,  N.  J. 

KITCHEN,  BETHUEL  M.,  farmer,  leg 
islator,  state  senator,  congressman,  was. 
born  March  21,  1812,  in  Berkeley  county, 
Pa.  In  1861  and  1862  he  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  of  Virginia;  and  in  1863  was 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress,  but  was  not 
admitted  to  his  seat.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  West  Virginia; 
and  in  1866  was  elected  a  representative 
from  West  Virginia  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

KITCHIN,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  22.  1837, 
in  Lauderdale  county,  Ala.  He  moved 
with  his  parents  to  North  Carolina 
in  1841.  He  served  in  the  confederate 
army;  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  captain. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
North  Carolina  to  the  forty-sixth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

KITCHIN,  WILLIAM  WALTON,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1866,  near  Scotland  Neck.  N.  C. 
rife  was  educated  at 
Vine  Hill  academy 
and  Wake  Forest 
college,  where  he 
graduated  in  1884. 
He  edited  the  Scot 
land  Neck  Demo 
crat  in  1885.  After 
studying  law,  first 
under  his  father, 
Hon.  W.  H.  Kitchin, 
and  then  at  the  uni 
versity  of  North 
Carolina,  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1887.  He  located  at 
Roxboro  in  1888,  where  he  still  practices 
his  profession.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
county  executive  committee  in  1890;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

KITTERA,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1791  to 
1801,  when  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  for  the  eastern 
district  of  Pennsylvania. 

KITTERA,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1826  to  1827. 

KITTREDGE,  GEORGE  W.,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture  in  1847,  1851  and  1852,  officiating  as 
speaker  in  1852.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1853  to 
1855. 

KITTREDGE,  JONATHAN,  temperance 
advocate,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
July  17,  1793,  in  Canterbury,  N.  H.  He 
practiced  law  in  Canaan,  N.  H.,  and  rep 
resented  that  town  in  the  legislature. 
From  1855  till  1859  he  was  chief  justice  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas.  He  died  April 
8,  1864,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

KITTREDGE,  JOSIAH  EDWARDS, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1836, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1877  he  was  installed 
pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church  at  Gen- 
eseo,  N.  Y.,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
He  has  published  a  Year  Book  of  Ser 
mon  Texts  for  Children,  besides  sermons, 
lectures  and  addresses. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


561 


KITTREDGE,  THOMAS,  surgeon,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  1746,  in  Andover, 
Mass.  He  was  appointed  surgeon  in  Colo 
nel  James  Frye's  regiment  in  1775,  and 
was  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  He 
served  in  the  legislature  several  terms 
and  in  the  council  in  1810-11.  He  died 
in  October,  1818,  in  Andover,  Mass. 

KLAUSER,  KARL,  music  teacher,  edit 
or  of  musical  works,  was  born  Aug.  24, 
1823,  in  Russia.  He  edited  Half  Hours 
with  the  Best  Composers,  and  also  with 
Theodore  Thomas  and  Professor  Paine, 
compiled  a  biographical  work  entitled  Fa 
mous  Composers. 

KLEBER,  JOHN  C.,  educator,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1861,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
He  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  General  Kle- 
ber,  who  fought  under  Napoleon  at 
Mount  Tabor  and  in  Egypt,  at  which  lat 
ter  place  he  was  killed.  Mr.  Kleber  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Lawrence  uni 
versity  and  at  the  Oshkosh  normal 
school.  For  several  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work;  and  is  now  a 
rising  lawyer  of  Olympia,  Wash. 

KLEBERG,  RUDOLPH,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  June  26,  1847, 
in  Austin  county,  Tex.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  as  a  democrat  in  the 
fall  of  1882;  and  was  appointed  United 
States  attorney  for  the  western  district 
of  Texas  in  the  fall  of  1885,  and  served 
four  years.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

KLEINER,  JOHN  J.,  soldier,  educator, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1845,  in 
West  Hanover,  Pa.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  during  the  civil  war.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

KLETZING,  HENRY  F.,  educator,  li 
brarian,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1850,  in  Fair- 
view,  Pa.  He  attended  Ursinus  college, 
Pennsylvania;  then 
taught  school  for 
five  years  in  Iowa; 
and  completed  his 
classical  course  in 
the  Northwestern 
college  of  Naper- 
ville,  111.  For  the 
past  eighteen  years 
he  has  been  profes 
sor  of  mathematics 
in  the  Northwestern 
college,  and  also  its 
librarian.  He  has 
received  the  degree  of  A.  M.,  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature. 

KLINE,  MARY  RACHEL,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1843,  in  Mukwo- 
nago,  Wis.  In  her  youtn  she  taught 
school;  and  has  attained  success  as  a  poet 
of  Wisconsin.  Her  poems  have  constant 
ly  appeared  in  the  periodical  press,  and 
received  recognition  in  Poets  of  Ameri 
ca  and  other  standard  works.  For  eleven 
years  she  was  blind,  when  the  light  was 
again  restored,  after  many  painful  oper 
ations. 

KLINGENSMITH,  JOHN,  JR.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1835  to  1839. 

KLOTZ,  ROBERT,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1819,  in  Carbon 
county,  Pa.  He  was  a  lieutenant  of  vol 
unteers  in  the  war  with  Mexico.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  Pennsylvania  state 
legislature  in  1848  and  1849.  He  was 
elected  treasurer  of  Carbon  county  in 
1859;  was  elected  a  trustee  of  Lehigh  uni 
versity;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

36 


KNAPP,  ANTHONY  L.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  June  14, 
1828,  in  Middletown,  N.  Y.  In  1858  he  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  Illinois,  attending 
the  sessions  of  1859  and  1861;  and  in  the 
latter  year  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress.  In  1862  he  was  elected  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress. 

KNAPP,  ARTHUR  MAY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1841,  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman,  pas 
tor  at  Fall  River,  Mass.,  since  1891,  and 
the  author  of  Feudal  and  Modern  Japan. 

KNAPP,  CHARLES,  merchant,  banker, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1797,  in  Colchester,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  state  legislature 
in  1841.  He  settled  in  the  town  of  Deposit 
in  1848;  organized  the  Deposit  bank  in 
1854,  which  in  1864  became  a  national 
bank,  of  which  he  was  president.  In  1868 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

KNAPP,  CHARLES,  educator,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  June  22,  1868,  in  New 
York  city.  Since  1891  he  has  been  an  In 
structor  of  Latin  in  Barnard  college  of 
New  York  city,  and  has  lectured  exten 
sively  on  subjects  connected  with  Roman 
Archasology.  He  has  edited  and  pub 
lished  several  Latin  text-books. 

KNAPP,  CHARLES  JUNIUS,  banker, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  30,  1845,  in  Pepacton,  N.  Y.  For 
many  years  he  was  president  of  the  board 
of  education;  was  elected  supervisor  in 
1885  and  1886;  and  served  as  member  of 
the  New  York  state  legislature  in  1886 
and  1888.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican. 

KNAPP,  CHARLES  WELBOURNE, 
journalist,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1848,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  St.  Louis  university;  and  graduated 
in  1865  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.;  and  re 
ceived  from  the  same  institution  the  de 
gree  of  A.  M.  In  1867  he  attended  the 
Columbia  college,  and  the  university  of 
Kentucky,  from  which  institution  he  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  1867.  He 
is  a  successful  journalist,  and  the  presi 
dent  and  general  manager  of  the  St.  Louis 
Republic.  During  1895-98  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  American  Newspaper  Pub 
lishers'  association;  a  member  of  the 
board  of  directors'  of  the  Associated  Press 
during  1891-98;  and  in  1896-99  a  member 
of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  St.  Louis 
public  library. 

KNAPP,  CHAUNCEY  L.,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1809,  In 
Berlin,  Vt.  Removing  to  Massachusetts 
he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  senate  in  1851;  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress; 
and  re-elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

KNAPP,  FRANCIS,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1672,  in  England.  He  was  a  music 
al  composer,  and  the  author  of  A  Poet 
ical  Epistle  to  Mr.  B.,  reprinted  in  J. 
Nichols's  Select  Collection  of  Poems;  and 
of  a  poetical  Address  to  Mr.  Alexander 
Pope,  on  his  Windsor  Forest.  He  died  af 
ter  1715. 

KNAPP,  ISAAC,  abolitionist,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1804,  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.  In  1825  he  bought  the  North 
ern  Chronicle;  and  in  1840  became  part 
owner  of  the  Liberator.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  New  England  Anti- 
Slavery  society.  He  died  Sept.  14,  1873, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

KNAPP,  JACOB,  clergyman,  was  born 
Dec.  7,  1799,  in  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.  In 
his  revival  work  he  visited  New  York, 
New  England,  and  the  western  states,  in 
cluding  California,  preached  about  16,000 


sermons,  led  200  young  men  to  become 
clergymen,  and  baptized  4,000  persons.  He 
died  March  2,  1874,  in  Rockford,  111. 

KNAPP,  JACOB  HERMANN,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  lecturer,  was  born  March 
17,  1832,  in  Prussia.  He  founded  the  New 
York  ophthalmic  and  aural  institute  in 
1869,  and  since  that  date  has  been  its  sur 
geon. 

KNAPP,  JOSEPH  G.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  a  citizen  of  Wisconsin,  from  which 
state  he  was  appointed  an  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  court  for  the  ter 
ritory  of  New  Mexico,  residing  at  Santa 
Fe. 

KNAPP,  LYMAN  ENOS,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  jurist,  governor,  was  born 
Nov.  5,  1837,  in  Somerset,  Vt.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war  and  was  brevetted  by 
President  Lincoln  for  gallantry  at  Pe 
tersburg,  Va.  He  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Vermont  state  legislature,  and  for 
ten  years  was  judge  of  probate  court  of 
Addison  district  of  Vermont.  In  1889-93 
he  served  as  governor  of  Alaska. 

KNAPP,  MARTIN  W.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  March  27,  1853,  in 
Clarendon,  Mich.  He  is  a  successful  cler 
gyman  of  Albion,  Mich.;  and  the  editor 
of  The  Revivalist.  He  is  the  author  of 
Christ  Crowned  Within;  and  Out  of  Egypt 
into  Canaan;  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

KNAPP,  ROBERT  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman.  He  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-third  con 
gress;  and  was  also  elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress. 

KNAPP,  SAMUEL  LORENZO,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1783,  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New 
York  city,  among  whose  many  works  are 
The  Genius  of  Freemasonry;  Travels  in 
North  America  by  All  Bey;  American  Bi 
ography;  Lives  of  Aaron  Burr,  Andrew 
Jackson,  Daniel  Webster;  and  Female  Bi 
ography.  He  died  July  8,  1838,  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass. 

KNAPP,  SEAMAN  ASAHEL,  farmer, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  Dec. 
16,  1833,  in  Essex  county,  N.  Y.  After  re 
ceiving  a  thorough  education  he  took  the 
chair  of  Greek  and  higher  mathematics  in 
the  Fort  Edward  Collegiate  institute.  In 
1869  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Iowa 
State  College  for  the  Blind.  Six  years  later 
he  resigned  this  position  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  agricultural  interests  of  the 
state;  was  prominent  in  the  organization 
of  the  Iowa  Stock  Breeders'  association, 
of  which  he  was  first  president.  In  1879 
he  was  elected  professor  of  agriculture, 
and  afterward  president  of  the  State  Ag 
ricultural  college  at  Ames.  The  degree 
of  LL.B.  was  conferred  upon  him  in  1882 
by  the  Upper  Iowa  university. 

KNAPP,  WALTER  H.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  March  23,  1856,  in 
Hopewell,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  success 
in  the  profession  of  law  at  Canandaigua, 
N.  Y.;  and  is  now  judge  of  Ontario  coun 
ty,  term  commencing  in  1897. 

KNEELAND,  ABNER,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  April  6,  1774, 
In  Gardner,  Mass.  He  was  a  universalist 
clergyman  who  became  a  free-thinker, 
and  established  The  Investigator  in  Bos 
ton  in  1832.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Deist;  Universal  Benevolence;  Universal 
Salvation;  and  Review  of  Evidences  of 
Christianity.  He  died  Jan.  14,  1884,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

KNEELAND,  SAMUEL,  printer,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  1696,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
Besides  many  religious  booKs  and  pam 
phlets,  he  published  The  Gazette  from 
1727  till  1741,  and  The  New  England 
Weekly  Journal  from  1741  till  1752.  He 
died  Dee.  14,  1769,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


562 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


KNEELAND,  SAMUEL,  naturalist,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1821,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  naturalist  and 
surgeon  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of 
Science  and  Mechanism;  An  American  in 
Iceland;  The  Wonders  of  the  Yo  Semite; 
and  Volcanoes  and  Earthquakes.  He  died 
in  1888. 

KNEELAND,  STILLMAN  FOSTER, 
lawyer,  artist,  author,  was  born  May  17, 
1845,  in  Quebec.  In  1872  he  moved  to 
New  York,  and  he  now  occupies  the  first 
rank  among  commercial  lawyers.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  Treatise  on  Commercial 
Law;  and  past  vice-president  of  the  de 
partment  of  painting  of  the  Brooklyn  In 
stitute  of  Aris  and  Sciences. 

KNICKERBOCKER,  DAVID  BUEL,  P. 
E.  bishop,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1833,  in 
Schaghticoke,  N.  Y.  Having  been  elected 
the  third  bishop  of  Indiana,  he  was  conse 
crated  at  St.  Marks,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
in  1883. 

KNICKERBOCKER,  HERMAN,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  July  27,  1782, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  1809  to  1811,  as  a  federalist, 
but  during  President  Jackson's  adminis 
tration  became  a  democrat.  He  died  Jan. 
30,  1855,  in  Williamsburg,  N.  Y. 

KNIGHT,  CYRUS  FREDERIC,  P.  E. 
bishop,  author,  was  born  March  28,  1831, 
in  Marblehead,  Mass.  He  was  elected 
bishop  of  Milwaukee  on  Dec.  13,  1888.  He 
has  published  occasional  sermons  and 
Changes  in  the  Communion  Office  (New 
York). 

KNIGHT,  DANIEL  RIDGEWAY,  art 
ist,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
studied  in  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  of 
his  native  city,  and 
subsequently  in  Par 
is.  Since  1874  he 
has  resided  in  Pois- 
sy,  France,  engaged 
in  painting  pictures 
of  peasant  life,  all 
his  work  being  done 
in  the  open  air.  He 
has  been  a  regular 
exhibitor  at  the  Par 
is  salon;  has  re 
ceived  a  gold  medal 
from  that  institu 
tion;  a  medal  from  the  universal  exhibi 
tion  of  Paris;  the  decoration  of  the  cross 
of  the  Legion  of  Honor;  gold  medal  at 
Munich;  gold  medal  of  honor  from  Phil 
adelphia  Academy  of  Fine  Arts;  and 
gold  medal  from  Antwerp  exhibition.  His 
principal  pictures  owned  by  the  Philadel 
phia  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  are  Calling 
the  Ferryman;  Un  Devil;  Printemps;  and 
one  of  his  famous  paintings  is  The  Shep 
herd  and  His  Friends,  owned  by  the 
Lighton  gallery  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

KNIGHT,  EDWARD  COLLING,  mer 
chant,  railroad  president,  was  born  Dec. 
8,  1813,  near  Camden,  N.  J.  He  was  for 
twenty  years  president  of  the  North  Penn 
sylvania  railroad.  He  died  in  1892  in 
Philadelphia. 

KNIGHT,  EDWARD  HENRY,  author, 
was  born  June  1,  1824,  in  England.  He 
was  an  English  writer  who  settled  in  the 
United  States  in  1845,  and  was  long  con 
nected  with  the  patent  office  in  Washing 
ton.  He  was  the  author  of  American  Me 
chanical  Dictionary;  and  New  Mechanical 
Dictionary.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1883,  in 
Bellefontaine,  Ohio. 

KNIGHT,  FREDERICK,  poet,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1791,  in  Hampton,  N.  H.  He  taught 
in  Penobscot,  Me.,  and  Marblehead,  Mass. 
He  then  returned  to  Rowley,  where  he 
passed  his  life,  occupying  himself  in  com 
position.  A  memorial  of  his  life,  witn 
his  poems,  was  published,  entitled  Thorn 
Cottage.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1849,  in  Row 
ley,  Mass. 


KNIGHT,  JAMES,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1810,  in  Taneytown,  Md. 
He  was  a  physician  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  Improvement  of  Health  by 
Natural  Means;  Orthopa;dia;  and  Static 
Electricity  as  a  Therapeutic  Agent.  He 
died  Oct.  24,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

KNIGHT,  JONATHAN,  educator,  sur 
veyor,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  22,  IV  87,  in  Bucks  county,  Pa. 
He  served  three  years  as  county  com 
missioner;  and  in  1827  was  appointed  a 
commissioner  to  extend  the  national  road 
from  Wheeling  through  Ohio  and  Indiana 
to  the  eastern  line  of  Illinois.  In  1822  he 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  and  served 
six  years.  In  1854  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  thirty-fourth  congress 
from  Pennsylvania.  He  died  Nov.  22,  1858, 
in  Washington  county,  Pa. 

KNIGHT,  LEONA  ANNIE,  poet,  was 
born  April  30,  1859,  in  Ascension  parish, 
La,  She  is  a  writer  of  Gibson  City,  La.; 
and  the  author  of  two  volumes  of  poems, 
entitled  Gems  of  Thought;  and  Ferns  of 
Fancy. 

KNIGHT,  NEHEMIAH,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Rhode  Island.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1803  to  1808. 

KNIGHT,  NEHEMIAH  RICE,  banker, 
state  legislator,  governor,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1780,  in  Crans 
ton,  R.  I.  He  was  elected  to  the  Rhode 
Island  state  legislature;  and  was  also  for 
many  years  president  of  the  Roger  Wil 
liams  bank.  He  was  elected  governor  of 
Rhode  Island  in  1817,  and  re-elected  in 
1819  and  1820.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  1821  to  1841.  He  died  April 
19,  1854,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

KNIGHT,  SARAH  KEMBLE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  19,  1666,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  She  was  a  teacher  of  Boston  among 
whose  pupils  was  Benjamin  Franklin. 
Her  Narrative  of  a  Journey  from  Boston 
to  New  York  in  1704  is  a  valuable  histori 
cal  record  of  contemporary  manners  and 
customs  written  in  a  graphic,  entertain 
ing  style.  She  died  Dec.  25,  1727,  in  Nor- 
walk,  Conn. 

KNIGHTON,  FREDERICK,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  2, 1812, 
in  England.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  as  chaplain  of  the  eleventh  regi 
ment  of  New  Jersey.  He  was  the  author 
of  several  books  on  education,  entitled 
Primary  Grammar;  and  Outlines  of  His 
tory.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1888. 

KN1PE,  JOSEPH  FARMER,  soldier, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1823,  in  Mount  Joy,  Pa. 
In  1861  he  organized  the  forty-sixth 
Pennsylvania  regiment,  and  was  com 
missioned  its  colonel;  and  was  promoted 
to  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in 

1862.  He  was  mustered  out  of  service  in 
September,  1865,  and  is  now  superintend 
ent  of  one  of  the  departments  in  the  mili 
tary  prison  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan. 

KNORTZ,  KARL,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  28,  1841,  in  Prussia.  He  is  a  German 
writer  who  came  to  the  United  States  in 

1863,  and  settled  in  New  York  city.    He  is 
the    author  of   Marchen    und   Sagen    der 
nordamerikanische     Indianer;     Amerika- 
nische    Skizzen;     An    American    Shakes 
peare      Bibliography;      Humorische     Ge- 
dichte;      Longfellow:        eine      literarhis- 
torische     Studie;      Aus     der     Wigwam; 
Kapital  und  Arbeit  in  Amerika;1  Aus  der 
transatlantischen  Gesellschaft;  Staat  und 
Kirche    in     Amerika;     Shakespeare      in 
Amerika;     Amerikanische    Lebensbilder; 
and  Brook  Farm  and  Margaret  Fuller. 

KNOTT,  A.  LEO,  educator,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1830, 
near  Lebanon,  Ky.  He  served  twelve 
years  as  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  city 


of  Baltimore;  and  in  1868  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  Maryland  legisla 
ture.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  second 
assistant  postmaster-general. 

KNOTT,  JAMES  PROCTOR,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  governor,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  29,  1830,  near  Lebanon, 
Ky.  He  moved  to  Missouri  in  1850;  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature  in  1858; 
and  in  1860  was  elected  attorney-general 
of  the  state.  In  1867  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  for 
tieth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-first,  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
democrat.  In  1883  he  was  elected  gover 
nor  of  Kentucky  for  a  term  of  four  years. 

KNOWLES,  EDWARD  RANDALL, 
priest,  author,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1861,  in 
North  Providence,  R.  I.  He  received  his 
education  at  the 
Princeton  universi 
ty,  from  which  in 
stitution  he  receiv 
ed  the  degree  of  A. 
B.;  and  subsequently 
the  honorary  degree 
of  LL.D.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  the 
West  Virginia  col 
lege.  He  is  an  or- 
t  h  o  d  o  x  catholic 
priest,  and  the  foun 
der  of  a  Progressive 
Roman  catholic  church.  His  church  will 
be  a  distinctively  American  church,  and 
as  such  it  will  be  progressive  and  aggres 
sive;  will  be  subject  to  no  foreign  domi 
nation;  and  will  be  a  part  of  and  in  full 
sympathy  with  the  best  aspirations  of  the 
public.  He  is  a  fluent  and  forcible  wri 
ter,  and  is  fully  capable  to  carry  out  suc 
cessfully  his  mission. 

KNOWLES,  FREDERIC  LAWRENCE, 
educator  litterateur,  author,  was  born  in 
1869,  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a  littera 
teur  and  educator  of  Tilton,  N.  H.  He 
has  published  Practical  Hints  for  Young 
Readers,  Writers,  and  Book  Buyers;  and 
edited  Cap  and  Gown,  a  collection  of  col 
lege  verse;  and  The  Golden  Treasury  of 
American  Songs. 

KNOWLES,  FREEMAN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  journalist,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  10,  1846,  in  Harmony,  Maine.  He  en 
listed  in  the  six 
teenth  Maine  regi 
ment  in  1862,  and 
served  three  years  in 
the  army  of  the  Po 
tomac.  In  1886  he 
moved  to  Nebraska, 
and  began  the  publi 
cation  of  the  Ceres- 
co  Times.  He  moved 
to  the  Black  Hills  in 
1888,  and  began  the 
publication  of  the 
Meade  County  Times 
at  Tilford;  and  subsequently  he  moved 
his  plant  to  Deadwood,  and  began  the 
publication  of  the  Evening  Independent, 
a  daily  paper.  He  was  elected  in  the 
state  at  large  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

KNOWLES,  HIRAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Maine.  He  moved  to  Iowa, 
from  which  state  he  was  in  1872  appoint 
ed  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  for  the  territory  of  Montana. 

KNOWLES,  JAMES  DAVIS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  July,  1798,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  Besides  addresses  he  publish 
ed  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Ann  H.  Judson;  and 
Memoir  of  Roger  Williams,  the  Founder 
of  the  State  of  Rnode  Island.  He  died 
May  9,  1838,  in  Newton  Centre,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


563 


KNOWLES,  JOHN  P.,  lawyer,  jurist 
was  born  in  Rhode  Island.  He  was  a  resi 
dent  of  Providence;  and  in  1870  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  judge  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Rhode  Island. 

KNOWLES,  LUCIUS  JAMES,  inventor 
was  born  July  2,  1819,  in  Hardwick,  Mass.' 
In  1840  he  put  into  operation  several 
working  models  of  steam  engines,  and 
during  his  experiments  invented  the 
Knowles  safety  steam-boiler  feed-regula 
tor.  His  next  invention  was  a  machine 
for  spooling  thread,  which  he  began  to 
manufacture  in  New  Worcester  He  died 
Feb.  25,  1884,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

KNOWLTON,  EBENEZER,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  was  elected  to  the  Maine 
legislature  in  1844.  1846,  and  1848,  serv 
ing  during  his  second  year  as  speaker.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine  from  1855  to  1857. 

KNOWLTON,  EDGAR  J.,  journalist 
legislator,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1856,  in  But 
ton,  N.  H.  He  represented  his  district  in 
the  New  Hampshire  legislature  for  two 
years;  and  was  mayor  of  his  city  for  four 
years.  He  has  been  editor  of  the  Man 
chester  Union  and  Lockport  Daily  Union. 
KNOWLTON,  HELEN  MARY,  anist 
author,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1832,  in  Little 
ton,  Mass.  She  has  exhibited  charcoal 
sketches  or  landscapes  and  portraits  in 
oil,  in  Boston,  Philadelphia,  New  York 
and  London,  taught  art  students  in  the 
town  and  country,  and  written  much  on 
art.  She  has  published  the  Talks  on  Art 
of  William  M.  Hunt;  and  Hints  to  Pu 
pils  in  Drawing  and  Painting. 

KNOWLTON,  JULIUS  WILLIAM,  soi- 
dier,  state  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  28 
1838,  in  Southbridge,  Mass.  He  served 
through  the  civil  War,  attaining  the  rank 
of  lieutenant.  He  served  two  terms  as 
representative  in  the  legislature  from 
Stratford,  Conn.,  and  in  1875  was  appoint 
ed  postmaster  of  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

KNOWLTON,  MARCUS  PERRIN  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1839,  in 
Wilbraham,  Mass.  In  1878  he  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Massachusetts  state 
legislature.  In  1881  he  was  appointed  jus 
tice  of  the  superior  court,  and  in  1887  was 
promoted  to  the  supreme  bench  of  the 
judicial  court,  which  position  he  still  fills. 
KNOWLTON,  MILES  JUSTIN,  mis 
sionary,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1825,  in 
West  Wardsborough,  Vt.  In  1860  he  pub 
lished  in  Chinese  a  manual  for  native 
preachers,  called  scripture  Catechism. 
Several  churches  were  founded  and  visit 
ed  regularly  by  him  during  his  stay  in 
China.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1874,  in  China. 

KNOX,  MRS.  ADELINE  (TRAFTON), 
author,  was  born  in  1845,  in  Maine.  She 
is  a  novelist  of  St.  Louis,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Kamarine  Earle;  His  Inheritance; 
An  American  Girl  Abroad;  and  Dorothy's 
Experience. 

KNOX,  CHARLES  EUGENE,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
in  1833,  in  New  York.  He  is  a  presbyte- 
rian  clergyman,  and  president  of  the 
theological  seminary  at  Bloomfield  N  J 
since  1863.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Year 
with  Saint  Paul;  Love  to  the  End;  Da 
vid  the  King;  and  Graduated  Sunday- 
school  Text-Books. 

KNOX,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  educator 
missionary,  author,  was  born  Aug.  11, 
1853,  in  Rome,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
missionary  in  Japan,  and  professor  of  eth 
ics  in  the  university  of  japan  since  1886. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  Brief  System  of 
Theology;  Outlines  of  Homiletics;  Christ 
the  Son  of  God;  and  The  Basis  of  Eth 
ics.  In  English  he  has  published  The 
Japanese  Systems  of  Ethics. 


KNOX,  HENRY,  soldier,  was  born  July 
25,  1750,  in  Boston,  Mass.  Prior  to  the 
revolution  he  was  made  a  captain  of  an 
independent  compa 
ny  of  militia  in  Bos 
ton.  In  1776  the 
corps  was  increased 
to  three  regiments, 
and  he  was  promot 
ed  to  the  rank  of 
irigadier-general.  In 
781  he  received  the 
commission  of  ma 
jor-general.  In  1785 
he  was  appointed 
secretary  of  war; 
and  after  the  adop 
tion  of  the  constitution  he  was  appointed 
to  the  same  office.  He  died  Oct.  25  1806 
in  Thomaston,  Maine. 

KNOX,  JAMES,  lawyer,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  4,  1807  in  Ca- 
najoharie,  N.  Y.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the  thir 
ty-third  and  thirty-fourth  congresses. 

KNOX,  JAMES  L.,  railroad  president 
was  born  Sept.  26,  1851,  in  Coudersport, 
Pa.  In  1892  he  became  president  of  the 
Coudersport  and  Port  Alleghany  railroad. 

KNOX,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author  was 
born  June  17,  1790,  near  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
He  was  licensed  by  the  associate  reformed 
presbytery  of  Philadelphia  in  1815,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  collegiate  reformed 
Dutch  church  in  New  York  city  in  1816. 
He  published  occasional  sermons  and 
tracts.  He  died  Jan.  8,  1858,  in  New  York 
city. 

KNOX,  JOHN  JAY,  financier,  author 
was  born  March  19,  1828,  in  Knoxhoro, 
N.  Y.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  comptrol 
ler  of  the  currency,  and  resigned  in  1884. 
He  was  the  author  of  United  States  Notes, 
a  History  of  the  Various  Issues  of  Paper 
Money  by  the  United  States  Government 
He  died  in  1892. 

KNOX,  MARTIN  VAN  BUREN,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  was  born  in  1841, 
in  Schroon  Lake,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  pro 
fessor  in  the  Baker  university;  and  is 
now  president  of  the  Red  River  Valley 
university  of  Wahpeton,  N.  D. 

KNOX,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

KNOX,  THOMAS  WALLACE,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  June  26,  1835,  in 
Pembroke,  N.  H.  He  was  a  journalist  and 
traveler  whose  home  was  in  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  Overland  Through 
Asia;  Camp-Fire  and  Cotton-Field; 
Backsheesn;  Underground  Life;  John; 
The  Boy  Travellers  Series,  in  sixteen 
volumes;  How  to  Travel;  Pocket 
Guide  Around  the  World;  The  Voyage  of 
the  Vivian;  Hunting  Adventures  on  Land 
and  Sea;  Marco  Polo  for  Boys  and  Girls; 
Decisive  Battles  since  Waterloo;  Life  of 
Robert  Fulton;  Hunters  Three;  In  Wild 
Africa;  The  Siberian  Exiles;  and  The 
Lost  Army.  He  died  in  1896. 

KNOX,  WILLIAM  S.,  lawyer,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1843,  in 
Killingly,  Conn.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  house 
of  representatives  in 
1874-75,  serving  on 
the  judiciary  com 
mittee.  He  was  city 
solicitor  of  Law 
rence  in  1875,  1876 
1887  1888.  1889,  and 
1890;  and  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Arling 
ton  National  Bank 
of  Lawrence.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  fif 
ty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican 


KOBBE,  GUSTAV,  litterateur,  author 
was  born  in  1857  in  New  York  He  is  a 
litterateur  of  New  York  city,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Jersey  Coast  and  Pines;  Wagner's 
Ring  of  the  Nibelung;  and  New  York  Citv 
and  its  Environs. 

KOCH,  HERMANN  A,  educator,  cler- 
fyl??ono  c.ollese  president,  was  born  Sept. 
4,  1828,  in  Germany.  In  1856  he  filled 
the  chair  of  German  in  the  Quincy  college 
Illinois;  and  from  1860  until  his  death 
was  professor  and  president  of  the  Cen 
tral  Wesleyan  college  of  Warrenton  Mo 

KOCH,  JOSEPH,  jurist,  state  senator 
was  born  Sept.  28,  lg-44,  in  New  York  city 
In  1890  he  was  made  commissioner  of  the 
board  of  excise  of  the  city  of  New  York 
He  was  elected  to  the  New  York  state 
senate  in  1881. 

KOCH,  RICHARD  HENRY,  educator 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  April  2,  1852  in 
Middleport,  Pa.  During  1873-79  he  filled 
^6.  ?Tlr  of  mathematics  in  the  Keystone 
State  Normal  school.  In  1897  he  became 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of 
the  twenty-first  judicial  district  of  Penn 
sylvania, 

KOEHLER,  ROBERT,  painter,  was 
born  Nov.  28,  1850,  in  Germany.  In  1885 

i  took  charge  of  a  private  school  of  art 
in  New  York  city.  His  principal  works 
are  Holy-Day  Occupation;  Her  Only  Sup 
port;  and  The  Strike. 

KOEHLER,  SYLVESTER  ROSA  art 
critic,  author,  was  born  Feb.  11  1837  in 
Germany.  He  is  an  art  critic  of  Boston 
'ditor  of  the  American  Art  Review,  and 
the  author  of  American  Art;  and  Etching- 
an  Outline  of  its  Technical  Processes  and 
History. 

KOENIG,  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS,  chem 
ist,  was  born  about  1845,  in  Germany.  In 
1874  he  was  appointed  assistant  professor 
of  chemistry  and  mineralogy  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania,  becoming  acting 
professor  of  geology  and  mining  in  1879 
and  professor  of  mineralogy  and  metal 
lurgy  in  1886.  His  scientific  work  in 
cludes  the  invention  of  chronometry. 

KOHLMANN,  ANTHONY,  clergyman 
was  born  July  13,  1771,  in  France.  He 
was  appointed  pastor  in  New  York  in 
1808,  and  founded  an  academy  for  boys 
called  the  New  York  literary  institution 
and  another  for  girls  under  the  charge  of 
the  Ursuline  nuns.  He  died  in  April  1838 
in  Rome,  Italy. 

KOHLSAAT,  HERMAN  HENRY  mer 
chant,  publisher,  was  born  March  22  1853 
in  Edwards  county,  111.  His  attention 
having  been  drawn  to  the  profits  of  the 
luncheon  and  restaurant  business,  Mr 
Kohlsaat  took  an  interest  in  an  estab 
lished  concern  in  1880,  and  in  July,  18S3 
bought  the  business,  which  he  developed 
into  the  largest  of  its  class,  certainly  in 
Chicago,  and  possibly  in  the  United 
States.  In  1895  he  entered  the  field  of 
journalism  as  purchaser  of  The  Herald 
and  The  Times  of  Chicago. 

KOLLEN,  GERRIT  J.,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1843,  in  Neth 
erlands.  He  is  president  of  the  Hope 
college  of  Holland,  Mich.  He  has  filled 
chairs  of  applied  mathematics  in  several 
institutions  of  learning. 

KOLLOCK,  MARY,  artist,  was  born  in 
1840,  in  Norfolk,  Va.  She  is  a  member  of 
the  Art  Students'  league,  and  of  the  La 
dies  Art  association.  New  York,  in  which 
she  is  an  instructor  in  painting.  Her  con- 
nbutions  to  the  exhibitions  of  the  Na 
tional  academy  of  design  include  Morn 
ing  in  the  Mountains;  Gleam  of  Sun 
shine  (1882);  On  rtondout  Creek;  The  Old 
Fiddler;  Under  the  Beeches;  and  A 
Glimpse  of  the  Catskills. 


564 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


KOLLOCK,  SHEPARD,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  1750,  in  Lewiston,  Del. 
He  was  commissioned  lieutenant  early  in 
the  revolution,  and  took  part  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Trenton  and  other  engagements.  In 
1779  he  resigned  and  began  a  newspaper 
entitled  the  New  Jersey  Journal  in  Chat 
ham.  He  died  July  28,  1839,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

KOONTZ,  WILLIAi,i  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  15,  1830,  in  Som 
erset,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fortieth  congress. 

KOOPMAN  (koope'man),  HARRY  LY- 
MAN,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  1,  1860, 
in  Freeport,  Maine.  He  is  a  verse  writer, 
librarian  of  Brown  university,  and  the 
author  of  The  Great  Admiral;  Orestes, 
and  Other  Poems;  Woman's  Will,  witn 
Other  Poems;  and  What  to  Read. 

KORN,  CLARA  A.,  composer,  was 
born  Jan.  30,  1866,  in  Germany.  Since 
1893  she  has  been  connected  with  the 
National  conservatory  as  one  of  the  fac 
ulty,  and  in  1897  was  in  charge  of  coun 
terpoint  and  fugue  classes,  the  only  wom 
an  holding  such  a  position  in  any  of  the 
standard  music  schools  in  America  or 
Europe. 

KORNDCERFER,  AUGUSTUS,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1843,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  professor  of 
clinical  medicine  in  Hahnemann  Medical 
college  from  1866  to  1881.  He  translated 
from  German,  and  published  in  this  coun 
try,  Boenninghausen's  Homoeopathic 
Therapeia  of  Intermittent  and  other  Fe 
vers,  a  work  of  great  value. 

KORNITZER,  JOSEPH,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1824,  in  Hungary. 
He  is  the  author  of  Proclamation  of  the 
Redemption  of  the  Soil  as  the  Final  Re 
demption  of  Society;  and  Wealth  and 
Progress. 

KOUNS  (koonz),  NATHAN  CHAP 
MAN,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17, 
1833,  in  Fulton,  Mo.  He  was  a  Missouri 
lawyer,  state  librarian  at  Jefferson  City 
since  1886,  and  published  two  historical 
romances,  Arius  the  Libyan;  and  Dor 
cas  the  Daughter  of  Faustina.  He  died 
in  1890. 

KRAITSIR,  CHARLES,  educator,  phil 
ologist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1804,  in 
Hungary.  He  was  an  educator  and  phil 
ologist  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author 
of  The  Poles  in  the,  United  States;  Sig 
nificance  of  the  Alphabet;  and  Glossology. 
He  died  May  7,  1860,  in  Morrisania,  N.  Y. 

KRAMER,  GEORGE  R.,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  May  26,  1839,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  a  successful  baptist 
clergyman,  and  for  many  years  pastor  of 
the  Brooklyn  Union  Avenue  Baptist 
church.  He  also  was  a  poet  of  distinction, 
and  contributed  liberally  to  current  lit 
erature.  He  died  in  1896. 

KRAUTH,  CHARLES  PHILIP,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  May  7, 
1797,  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  In  1833 
he  was  elected  professor  of  biblical  and 
oriental  literature  in  the  theological  semi 
nary  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  and  the  follow 
ing  year  he  was  unanimously  elected 
president  of  Pennsylvania  college,  at  the 
same  place.  He  died  May  30,  1867,  in 
Gettysburg,  Pa. 

KRAUTH,  CHARLES  PORTERFIELD, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born 
March  17,  1823,  in  Martinsburg,  Va.  He 
was  a  prominent  lutheran  clergyman  of 
Philadelphia,  and  professor  of  moral 
science  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1868-83.  He  was  the  author  of  The 


Conservative  Reformation  and  its  Theolo 
gy;  The  Evangelical  Mass  and  the 
Romish  Mass;  Sketch  of  the  Thirty 
Years'  War;  Christian  Liberty;  Infant 
Baptism  and  Salvation  in  the  Calviiiistic 
System;  and  Chronicle  of  the  Augsburg 
Confession.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1883,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

KREBS,  JACOB,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1826  to  1827. 

KREBS,  JOHN  MICHAEL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  6,  1804,  in  Hagers- 
town,  Md.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of 
Righteousness  and  National  Prosperity; 
The  American  Citizen;  Private,  Domestic, 
and  Social  Life  of  Jesus;  and  The  Presby 
terian  psalmist.  He  died  Sept'.  30,  1867, 
in  New  York  city. 

KREBS,  THEODORE  LUTHER,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1860,  in 
Brookfield,  Ohio.  In  1884  he  took  charge 
of  the  music  department  of  the  Rome  Fe 
male  college,  of  Georgia;  and  subsequent 
ly  accepted  a  position  at  the  Noble  insti 
tute  of  Anniston,  Ala.  He  is  the  author 
of  numerous  works  for  piano  and  voice; 
a  Treatise  on  Theory;  and  a  Biography  of 
Beethoven. 

KREHBIEL,  HENRY  EDWARD,  mu 
sical  critic,  author,  was  born  March  10, 
1854,  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  He  is  a  mu 
sical  critic  on  the  staff  of  the  New  York 
Tribune,  and  the  author  of  Notes  on  the 
Cultivation  of  Choral  Music;  Review  of 
the  New  York  Musical  Seasous;  Studies 
in  the  Wagnerian  Drama;  and  How  to 
Listen  to  Music. 

KREKEL,  ARNOLD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  was  born  March  12,  1815,  in 
Germany.  He  was  elected  to  the  Mis 
souri  state  legislature  in  1852;  and  in 
1865  was  appointed  United  States  district 
judge  for  the  western  district  of  Missouri, 
residing  in  Jefferson  City. 

KREMER,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1775,  in  Dauphin  county,  Pa.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1823  to  1829.  He  died 
Sept.  11,  1854,  in  Union  county,  Pa. 

KREYER,  FREDERICK,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1854,  in  Ger 
many.  He  is  a  successful  teacher  of  pia 
no  and  band  instruments  in  Maquoketa, 
Iowa;  and  the  author  of  the  overture 
Friendship;  the  waltz  Dreams  of  Home; 
and  various  other  compositions. 

KRIBBS,  GEORGE  F.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1846, 
in  Clarion  county,  Pa.  After  attaining  his 
majority  he  prepar 
ed  for  college,  enter 
ing  the  junior  class 
and  graduating  in 
1873  at  Muhlenberg 
college,  Allentown, 
Pa.  He  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1875. 
From  1877  to  1889  he 
edited  the  Clarion 
Democrat,  in  Clar 
ion,  Pa.  Since  then 
he  has  been  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  and  reflected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat.  He  has 
been  for  several  years  a  resident  of  Nar- 
coossee,  Fla. 

KRIEHN,  GEORGE,  educator,  author, 
was  born  April  19,  1868,  in  Lexington, 
Mo.  Since  1894  he  has  been  assistant  pro 
fessor  of  culture  and  economic  history  in 
the  Stanford  university  of  California.  He 
is  the  author  of  the  English  Rising  In 
1850;  English  Popular  Uprisings  in  the 
Middle  Ages;  and  other  works. 


KRIMMEL,  JOHN  LEWIS,  artist,  was 
born  in  1787,  in  Germany.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Society  of  American  Artists. 
Among  his  works  are  The  Pepper-Pot 
Woman;  The  Cut  Finger;  Blindman's 
Bluff;  Election  Day;  The  Fourth  of  July 
at  Old  Centre  Square;  Going  to  and  re 
turning  from  boarding-School ;  The 
Country  Wedding;  and  Perry's  Victory. 
He  died  by  drowning  July  15,  1821,  in 
Germantown,  Pa. 

KROEGER,  ADOLPH  ERNST,  author, 
was  born  jJec.  28,  1837,  in  Schleswig.  He 
was  a  writer  of  St.  Louis,  and  the  author 
of  The  Minnesingers  of  Germany;  Our 
Forms  of  Government  and  the  Problems 
of  the  Future;  and  translations  of 
Fichte's  Science  of  Knowledge  and 
Science  of  Rights.  He  died  March  8,  1882, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

KROEGEH,  ERNEST  RICHARD,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1862, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  has  been  conductor 
of  chorus  choir  m  several  of  the  large 
churches  of  St.  Louis;  and  has  had  charge 
of  the  musical  features  of  McCullough 
club.  He  is  the  anthor  of  many  compo 
sitions,  among  which  are  A  Symphony 
for  Orchestra;  Four  Symphonic  Over 
tures;  and  a  Pianoforte  Concerto. 

KROME,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  1,  1842,  in 
Louisville,  Ky.  He  has  become  a  promi 
nent  lawyer  in  Edwardsville,  111.,  and  has 
been  mayor  of  his  city.  He  has  served 
as  a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  the 
Illinois  legislature;  and  as  probate  judge 
of  Madison  county. 

KROTEL,  GOTTLOB  FREDERICK, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1826, 
in  Germany.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergyman 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Who 
Are  the  Blessed?;  Explanation  of  Luth 
er's  Small  Catechism;  and  several  trans 
lations  from  the  German. 

KRUGER,  H.  T.,  educator,  clergyman, 
was  born  April  16,  1867,  in  Stephenson 
county,  111.  For  many  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work.  He  subse 
quently  graduated  from  the  German  Pres 
byterian  Theological  seminary  of  Du- 
buque,  Iowa;  and  has  since  attained  emi 
nence  as  a  successful  clergyman  in  the 
Dutch  reformed  church  of  America;  and 
now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Ackley,  Iowa.  He 
is  a  great  linguist,  and  the  master  of  five 
languages. 

KRYDER,  JOHN  LANDOR,  physician, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1833,  in  New  Ber 
lin,  Ohio.  In  1858  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  Cedarville,  Ind. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems 
which  have  appeared  in  many  leading 
magazines  and  newspapers. 

KUEHN,   ALEXANDER  JACOB  DAN 
IEL,  educator,  clergyman,  was  born  Jan. 
1,  1850,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.    He  took  a  pre 
paratory    course    at 
Fort    Wayne,    Ind.; 
a   college    course   at 
Columbus,  Ohio; 
__    and       a       seminary 
I    course    at    the    Gen- 
I    e  r  a  1        Theological 
Seminary     of     New 
York  city.    He  stud- 
I    ied    music    and    art, 
1    and  also  took  a  mil 
itary     course.       He 
passed  examinations 
for       tutorship       in 

Mansfield,  Ohio,  and  for  eighteen  years 
was  a  teacher  and  superintendent  of 
schools.  In  1888  he  was  ordained  a 
deacon;  a  priest  in  1889;  has  held  two 
charges  in  the  state  of  Minnesota;  and  Is 
known  as  one  of  the  most  eminent  priests 
of  the  protestant  episcopal  church. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


565 


KUEHNE,  HEINRICH  FRIEDRICK 
WILLHELM,  educator,  lecturer,  author, 
was  born  March  31,  1856,  in  Germany. 
He  has  been  professor  of  Hamilton's 
Ladies  college  of  Lexington,  Ky.;  was 
president  of  the  Marionville  college,  Mo.; 
and  now  fills  the  chair  of  modern  lan 
guages  and  Hebrew  in  the  South  West 
Kansas  college  of  Winfield,  Kan.  He  is 
an  active  member  of  the  German  Lan 
guage  union  in  Berlin,  Germany;  and  an 
expert  translator  in  all  leading  modern 
languages.  He  is  a  popular  lecturer,  and 
the  author  of  What  the  Master  Minds  of 
all  Ages  Have  Said  About  God,  Christ  and 
the  Bible;  and  other  works. 

KUHN,  ADAM,  botanist,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1741,  in  German- 
town,  Pa.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  president  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  Philadelphia. 

KUHNS,  JOSEPH  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1851  to  1853. 

KULP,  MONROE  H.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1858,  in 
Barto,  Pa.  He  oecanie  connected  with  the 
firm  of  Kulp,  Mc- 
Williams  and  Com 
pany,  and  in  1886 
became  manager  of 
the  business  under 
his  father,  the  late 
Darlington  R.  Kulp. 
He  is  president  of 
the  JVionroe  H.  Kulp 
and  Company;  the 
Lewisburg  and  Buf 
falo  Valley  Railroad 
company,  and  other 
institutions.  In  1894 
he  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourch  congress 
as  a  republican;  and  in  1896  received  the 
re-election  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

KUMLER,  FRANKLdN  A.  Z.,  college 
president,  philanthropist,  was  born  Oct. 
20,  1854,  in  Hamilton,  Ohio.  Since  1887 
.he  has  been  president  of  the  Avalon  col 
lege  of  Trenton,  Mo.  In  1890  he  bought 
two  hundred  acres  of  land  near  the  city 
of  Trenton,  and  som  sufficient  property 
from  the  same  to  pay  for  land,  build  and 
equip  a  fine  college  building.  This  prop 
erty,  valued  at  fifty  thousand  dollars,  he 
presented  to  the  united  brethren  church. 
KUMLER,  JOHN  A.,  clergyman,  was 
born  April  20,  1838,  in  Butler  county, 
Ohio.  For  two  years  hie  was  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Danville,  111.;  member  of  the 
school  board  for  three  years;  trustee  and 
veriter  of  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  university 
for  twenty-one  years,  and  of  which  insti 
tution  he  is  now  cnancellor.  He  has  al 
ways  been  a  pairon  of  education  and 
other  worthy  enterprises;  and  since  1868 
has  been  a  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church.  He  has  gained  suc 
cess  in  building  churches,  and  in  raising 
money  to  relieve  embarrassed  churches; 
and  to  build  and  endow  by  money  and 
business  methods,  schools  and  colleges. 

KUNKEL,  CHARLES,  composer,  was 
born  July  22,  1840,  in  Germany.  In  1868 
he  moved  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  a  pian 
ist  of  high  rank;  and  the  author  of  num 
erous  compositions. 

KUNKEL,  JACOB  M.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  July  22, 
1822,  in  Frederick,  Md.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  to  the  Maryland  senate  for  six 
years,  but  the  change  in  the  state  con 
stitution  cut  short  his  term,  tie  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Maryland 
to  the  thirty-fifth  congress;  and  was  also 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  loyal 
ists'  convention  of  1866. 


KUNKEL,  JOHN  CHRISTIAN,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1816,  in 
Harrisburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses 
from  his  native  state.  He  died  Oct.  14, 
1870,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

KUNTZE,  EDWARD  J.,  sculptor,  was 
born  in  1826,  in  Prussia.  Among  his 
works  are  statuettes  of  Shakespeare, 
Goethe,  Irving,  Tennyson,  and  Lincoln; 
a  statue  of  Psyche;  one  of  Columbia; 
Puck;  Puck  on  Horseback;  and  Puck  on 
the  Warpath;  a  bust  of  Mirth;  Merlin  and 
Vivien,  in  bas  relief;  and  many  medallion 
portraits  and  busts.  He  died  April  10, 
1870,  in  New  York  city. 

KUNZ,  GEORGE  FREDERICK,  min 
eralogist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1856, 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  mineralogist 
of  note,  the  foremost  American  specialist 
in  precious  stones.  He  has  published 
Gems  and  Precious  Stones  of  North 
America. 

KUNZE,  JOHN  CHRISTOPHER,  cler 
gyman,  author,  wa's  born  Aug.  4,  1744,  in 
Saxony.  He  was  once  a  famous  lutheran 
clergyman  of  New  York  city,  professor  of 
ancient  languages  in  Columbia  college; 
and  the  author  of  History  of  the  Christian 
Religion  and  of  the  Lutheran  Church;  and 
Catechism  and  Liberty.  He  died  July  24, 
1807,  in  New  York  city. 

KUNZE,  RICHARD  ERNEST,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  April  7,  1838,  in 
Germany.  He  was  a  physician  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Cactus; 
Cardinal  Points  in  the  Study  of  Medical 
Botany;  and  Germination  and  Vitality  of 
Seeds. 

KURTZ,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1795  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  lutheran  clergyman,  for  nearly 
thirty  years  the  editor  of  The  Lutheran 
Observer;  and  the  author  of  Lutheran 
Prayer-Book;  Year-Book  of  the  Reforma 
tion;  Why  are  You  a  Lutheran?;  Faith, 
Hope  and  Charity;  and  Theological 
Sketch-Book.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1865,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

KURTZ,  WILLIAM  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1851  to  1855. 

KUYKENDALL,  ANDREW  Z.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  3,  1815,  in  Gal- 
latin  county,  111.  From  1842  to  1846  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  legislature, 
and  in  the  state  senate  from  1850  to  1862. 
He  enlisted  in  the  thirty-first  regiment 
of  Illinois  infantry  as  a  volunteer  in  1861, 
was  elected  major,  and  served  until  1862. 
In  1864  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

KYAN,  JOHN  H.,  inventor,  was  born  in 
1775  in  England.  He  was  the  first  to  in 
troduce  a  chemical  process  for  the  preser 
vation  of  wood.  This  method  was  named 
kyanizing.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1850,  in  New 
York  city. 

KYLE,  JAMES  HENDERSON,  educator, 
civil  engineer,  clergyman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1854,  near 
Xenia,  Ohio.  He  was  engaged  for  several 
years  in  educational  and  ministerial  work 
in  Utah  and  South  Dakota.  At  the  time 
he  entered  political  life  he  was  financial 
secretary  of  Yankton  college,  Yankton, 
S.  D.  Was  elected  to  the  state  senate 
as  an  independent  in  1890;  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  to  succeed 
Gideon  C.  Moody;  took  his  seat  March  4, 
1891;  and  was  re-elected  in  1897  as  an 
independent.  His  term  of  service  will 
expire  March  3,  1903. 

KYLE,  JAMES  J..  educator,  merchant, 
was  born  Dec.  27,  1867,  in  Hancock  coun 
ty,  Tenn.  He  has  attained  success  as  an 


educator;  has  been  institute  instructor 
and  conductor,  and  county  school  com 
missioner  of  Ozark  county,  Mo.,  where  he 
is  also  a  successful  merchant. 

KYLE,  JOHN  CURTIS,  mayor,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Sar- 
dis,  Miss.  In  1879  he  was  elected  mayor 
of  Sardis,  Miss.;  in 
1881  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate;  and 
at  the  close  of  the 
senatorial  term  was 
elected  a  member  of 
the  Mississippi  rail 
road  commission  by 
joint  ballot  of  the 
two  branches  of  the 
legislature;  and  was 
re-elected  in  1888. 
He  was  chairman  of 
the  state  democratic 
executive  committee  in  1888;  and  was 
eiected  to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third 
congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

KYTE,  GEORGE,  legislator,  was  born 
May  22,  1846,  in  South  America.  He 
has  served  as  a  member  of  the  New  Jer 
sey  assembly,  and  as  a  state  senator.  He 
has  also  filled  the  office  of  sheriff;  and  is 
the  land  agent  of  the  Central  railroad  of 
New  Jersey. 

LABAGH,  ISAAC  P.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1804,  in  Leeds,  N. 
Y.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Iowa,  but  formerly  a  clergyman  of  the 
Dutch  reformed  faith.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Great  Events  of  Unfulfilled  Proph 
ecy;  The  Great  Events  that  are  Coming; 
The  Two  Witnesses,  Moses  and  Elijah; 
and  Theoklesia.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1879, 
in  Fairfield,  Iowa. 

LABAREE,  BENJAMIN,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  lecturer,  was  born  June  3, 
1801,  in  Charlestown,  N.  H.  He  was  profes 
sor  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  Jackson  college 
of  Columbia,  Tenn.,  in  1832-36;  and  pres 
ident  of  the  same  in  1836-37.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  Middlebury  college,  Vt.,  in  1840- 
66; 'lecturer  on  moral  philosophy  and  in 
ternational  law  in  Dartmouth  college, 
in  1871-761'.  He  died  Nov.  15,  1883,  in  Wai- 
pole. 

LABLANCHE,  ALCEE,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Louisiana.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1843  to  1845. 

LA  HORDE,  MAXIMILIAN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  June  5.  1804,  in  Edge- 
field,  S.  C.  He  was  an  educator  who  was 
professor  in  the  university  of  South  Caro 
lina  in  1842-73;  and  the  author  of  Intro 
duction  to  Physiology;  Story  of  Lethea 
and  Verona;  and  History  of  South  Caro 
lina  College.  He  died  Nov.  6,  1873,  in  Co 
lumbia,  S.  C. 

LACEY,  EDWARD  S.,  business  man, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1835,  in 
Chili,  N.  Y.  He  mo\ed  to  Michigan;  was 
elected  register  of  deeds  in  1860,  and 
re-elected  in  1862.  He  was  a  trustee  of 
the  state  insane  asylum  from  1874  to  1880. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  forty-seventh  and  forty- 
eighth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He 
subsequently  became  president  of  the  Na 
tional  bank  of  Charlotte,  Mich. 

LACEY,  JOHN,  soldier,  jurist,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1755,  in  Bucks 
county,  Pa.  He  was  made  a  brigadier- 
general  of  militia  in  1778,  and  performed 
arduous  services  during  the  British  occu 
pation  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Pennsylvania  assembly  in  1778,  and 
in  1779-81  of  the  council.  He  afterward 
removed  to  New  Mills,  N.  J.,  and  was  a 
judge  and  a  member  of  the  legislature.  He 
died  Feb.  17,  1814,  in  New  Mills,  N.  J. 


566 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LACEY,  JOHN  FLETCHER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  30,  1841,  in  New  Mar- 
tinsville,  W.  Va.  In 
1855  he  moved  to 
Iowa;  enlisted  in 
company  H,  third 
Iowa  infantry,  in 
1861,  and  afterward 
served  as  a  private 
in  company  D,  thirty- 
third  Iowa  infantry, 
as  sergeant-major, 
and  as  lieutenant  in 
company  C  of  that 
regiment.  He  was 
promoted  to  assist 
ant  adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of  Brig.- 
Gen.  Samuel  A.  Rice.  He  served  in  the 
Iowa  legislature  one  term  in  1870.  He  is 
a  lawyer  and  author  of  Lacey's  Railway 
Digest  and  Lacey's  Iowa  Digest.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-first,  fifty-third, 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses. 

LACEY,  JOHN  W.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1848,  in  Randolph 
county,  Ind.  He  enlisted  in  the  union 
army  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war, 
serving  in  the  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
seventh,  and  subsequently  in  the  one  hun 
dred  and  fifty-second  Indiana  volunteer 
regiments.  In  1884  he  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Wyo 
ming  territory. 

LACEY,  WILLIAM  BRITTAINHAM, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1781  in  Wilmington,  Del.  He  was  a  cler 
gyman  for  thirteen  years;  subsequently 
became  a  teacher;  and  was  the  author  of 
text-books  for  schools  and  colleges, 
among  them  a  Rhetoric  and  a  Moral  Phi 
losophy.  He  died  Oct.  31,  1866,  in  Okolo- 
na,  Miss. 

LACHMUND,  ERNEST,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1865,  in  Lyons, 
Iowa.  Since  1884  he  has  been  a  suc 
cessful  teacher  of  music  in  Minneapolis, 
Minn.;  and  during  1885  was  solo  'celist  in 
the  Clara  Louise  Kellogg  Concert  com 
pany.  Among  his  compositions  are 
Christmas  Suite;  Vesper;  and  other  songs 
and  piano  compositions. 

LACKEY,  ARTHUR  CARSON,  lawyer, 
was  born  June  16,  1868,  in  Allen's  Cove, 
Pa.  He  attended  the  public  schools,  the 
State  Normal  school,  and  the  Dickinson 
Law  school.  He  is  an  able  lawyer  of 
Duncannon,  Pa.,  where  he  has  been  city 
solicitor,  township  auditor,  judge  of  elec 
tion;  and  filled  various  other  public  posi 
tions  of  trust. 

LACOCK,  ABNER,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  1770  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1811  to  1813;  and  United  States  sen 
ator  from  1813  to  1819.  He  died  April 
12,  1837,  in  Freedom,  Pa. 

LACOMBE,  EMILE  HENRY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1846,  in  New 
York  city.  For  three  years  he  was  cor 
poration  counsel  for  the  city  of  New  York; 
and  in  1887  became  United  States  circuit 
judge  of  the  second  district. 

LACY,  DRURY,  college  president,  was 
born  Oct.  5,  1758,  in  Chesterfield  county, 
Va.  He  was  president  of  Hampden-Sid- 
ney  college  from  1789-96.  He  died  Dec. 
6,  1815. 

LACY,  THOMAS  J.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  Arkansas;  and 
in  1834  was  appointed  a  judge  for  that 
territory. 

l.ADD,  MRS.  CATHERINE,  educator, 
writer,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1809,  in 
Richmond,  Va.  She  is  the  oldest  living 


writer  and  teacher  in  South  Carolina: 
and  for  half  a  century  has  contributed 
both  prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical 
press. 

LADD,  GEORGE  TRUMBULL,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  19, 
1842,  in  Painesville,  Ohio.  He  is  a  con 
gregational  clergyman  of  prominence; 
and  professor  of  philosophy  at  Yale  uni 
versity  since  1881.  He  is  the  author  of 
Principles  of  Church  Polity;  The  Doc 
trine  of  Sacred  Scripture;  Philosophy  of 
Mind;  A  Primer  of  Psychology;  Psychol 
ogy,  Descriptive  and  Explanatory;  Out 
lines  of  Psychological  Psychology;  Ele 
ments  of  Psychological  Psychology;  In 
troduction  to  Philosophy;  and  What  is 
the  Bible?  He  has  translated  Lotze's 
Philosophical  Outlines,  from  the  German. 

LADD,  GEORGE  W.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  28;  1818,  in 
Augusta.  Maine.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Maine  to  the  forty-sixth 
and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat. 

LADD.  HORATIO  OLIVER,  educator, 
clergyman,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  31,  1839,  in  Hallowell,  Maine. 
He  has  held  various  positions  as  an  edu 
cator  and  clergyman;  was  pastor  and 
professor  in  the  Olivet  college,  Mich.; 
principal  of  the  State  Normal  school  of 
New  Hampshire;  president  of  the  First 
Incorporated  university  of  New  Mexico; 
and  rector  of  Grace  church,  Jamaica,  N. 
Y.  As  an  educator  he  was  prominent  in 
founding  Indian  schools  in  the  south 
west,  supported  by  the  United  States  gov 
ernment.  He  is  the  author  of  three  books 
on  American  History— The  War  With 
Mexico;  The  Story  of  New  Mexico;  and 
The  Founding  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in 
Dutchess  County,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  an 
editorial  writer  on  The  Churchman,  and 
has  contributed  extensively  to  current  lit 
erature. 

LADD,  JOSEPH  BROWN,  poet,  was 
born  in  1764  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  pub 
lished  Poems  of  Arouet,  and  his  poetry, 
with  some  of  his  prose  writings,  was  col 
lected  into  a  volume,  containing  also  a 
memoir  of  the  author,  by  his  sister,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Haskins.  He  died  Nov.  2,  1786, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

LA  DOW,  GEORGE  A.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
18,  1828,  in  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y.  He 
moved  to  Wisconsin  in  1851,  and  was 
elected  district  attorney,  and  held  the  of 
fice  two  years.  He  removed  to  Minnesota 
in  1862;  and  in  1867  was  elected  to  the 
house  of  representatives  of  that  state.  He 
settled  in  Oregon  in  1869;  declined  the 
nomination  for  state  senator  in  1870;  and 
in  1872  was  elected  to  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  of  Oregon,  and  held  the  of 
fice  until  1874,  when  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 
He  died  in  May,  1875,  in  Oregon. 

LADREYT,  CASIMIR,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1797  in  France.  He  came  to 
the  United  States  about  1836,  taught  the 
French  language,  and  published  French 
Pronunciation;  The  Study  of  French  Sim 
plified;  and  other  text-books.  He  died 
July  4,  1877,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

LA  FAROE,  JOHN,  landscape  and 
figure  painter,  author,  was  born  March 
31,  1835,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  noted 
figure  and  landscape  artist  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  a  book  entitled 
Lectures  on  Art. 

LA  FAYETTE.  MARQUIS  DE,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1757  in  France.  He  was 
commissioned  major-general  by  the  con 
tinental  congress  in  1777.  He  died  in 
1834  in  France. 


LAFFOON,  POLK,  soldier,  educator, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  24, 
1844.  in  Hopkins  county,  Ky.  He  enlisted 
in  the  eighth  Kentucky  confederate  in 
fantry  in  1861,  and  was  elected  second 
lieutenant.  He  was  elected  county  at 
torney  in  1870,  and  served  four  years; 
and  in  1884  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress;  and  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

LAFLIN,  ADDISON  H.,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
24,  1823,  in  Lee,  Mass.  In  1837  he  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  New  York.  In 
1864  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
that  state  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress, 
and  was  elected  to  the  fortieth  and  forty- 
first  congresses. 

LA  FOLLETTE,  ROBERT  M.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  14,  1855,  in 
Primrose,  Wis.  He  was  elected  district 
attorney  of  Dane  county  in  1880,  and  re- 
elected  in  1882.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses. 

LAFONTE,  AUNET,  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1812,  in  France. 
He  founded  the  French  congregation  in 
Canal  street,  New  York,  in  1842;  intro 
duced  into  this  country  the  order  of  Chris 
tian  Brothers;  and  harbored  the  first  Jes 
uits  that  came  to  the  United  States.  He 
died  Jan.  7,  1875,  in  New  York  city. 

LA  FORTUNE,  JOHN  SAMUEL,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1862,  in 
Elk  Creek,  Neb.  In  1887  he  became  edi 
tor  and  proprietor  of  The  Tulare  Demo 
cratic  Free  Press.  He  is  also  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  poems. 

LAGAN,  MATT  D.,  merchant,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  June  20, 
1829,  in  Ireland.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress,  and  again  elected  as  a 
democrat  to  the  fifty-second  congress. 

LAHM,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  April  22,  1812, 
in  Leitersburg,  Md.  In  1835  he  moved  to 
Indiana  and  studied  law;  and  then  set 
tled  in  Ohio.  In  1837  he  was  elected  mas 
ter  in  chancery;  and  in  1842  a  state  sena 
tor.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1847  to  1849. 

LAIDLAW,  WILLIAM  G.,  naval  officer, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  1, 
1840,  in  Scotland.  He  served  two  years 
in  the  United  States  navy  during  the  war 
of  the  rebellion.  He  was  district  attorney 
of  Cattaraugus  county,  New  York,  from 
1872  till  1878.  He  was  elected  to  the  fif 
tieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

LAIGHTON,  ALBERT,  banker,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  8,  1829,  in  Portsmouth,  N. 
H.  He  was  a  banker  of  Portsmouth,  N. 
H.;  and  the  author  of  Poems,  a  collec 
tion  of  quiet,  thoughtful  poetry  published 
in  1878.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1887,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H. 

LAING,  GEORGE  M..  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  in  1850  in  Canada.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  board  of  edu 
cation  of  Windom,  Minn.;  in  1888  was  ap 
pointed  to  revise  and  codify  the  probate 
laws  of  Minnesota;  and  in  1896  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  of  the  Minnesota  state 
legislature. 

LAIRD,  JAMES,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  20,  1849,  in  Fow- 
lerville,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Michigan; 
and  served  in  the  union  army  from  1862 
to  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  He  settled 
at  Hastings,  Neb.,  in  the  practice  of  law. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Ne 
braska  to  the  forty-eighth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  and  fif 
tieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


567 


LAKE,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman.  He  served  in  the  leg 
islature  of  Maryland.  He  moved  to  Mis 
sissippi;  and  was  elected  to  the  senate  of 
that  state.  Ke  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Mississippi  during  the  thir 
ty-fourth  congress. 

LAKEY,  EMILY  JANE,  artist,  was 
born  June  22,  1837,  in  Quincy,  N.  Y.  She 
turned  her  attention  to  painting,  and  ex 
hibited  her  work  first  in  Chicago,  and  in 
1873  at  the  National  Academy  of  Design. 
Her  bestknown  paintings  are  Leader  of  the 
Herd;  An  Anxious  Mother;  and  Right  of 
Way. 

LALOR,  TERESA,  mother  superior, 
was  born  in  1766  in  Ireland.  In  1799  she 
opened  a  school  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 
This  school  was  the  beginning  of  what  is 
to-day  the  oldest  Roman  catholic  female 
academy  within  the  limits  of  the  thirteen 
original  states.  She  died  in  1846  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C. 

LAMAR,  HENRY  G.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Georgia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1829 
to  1833. 

LAMAR,  LUCIUS  QUINTUS  CINCIN- 
NATUS,  jurist,  was  born  July  15,  1797, 
near  Eatonton,  Ga.  In  1830  he  was  elect 
ed,  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Geor 
gia.  He  died  July  4,  1834,  in  Milledgeville, 
Ga. 

LAMAR,  LUCIUS  QUINTUS  CINCIN- 
NATLIS,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Septem 
ber,  1825,  in  Putnam  county,  Ga.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Mississippi 
to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses.  He  resigned  in  1860  to  take  a 
seat  in  the  secession  convention  of  his 
state;  and  in  1861  entered  the  confederate 
army.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  from  Mississippi  for  the 
term  beginning  in  1877  and  ending  in 
1883;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending 
in  1889.  In  1885  he  became  secretary  of 
the  interior  in  the  cabinet  of  President 
Cleveland.  He  died  Jan.  23,  1893,  in  Ma- 
con,  Ga. 

LAMAR,     MIRABEAU     BONAPARTE, 
soldier,   merchant,   journalist,    statesman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1798,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ga.     He  moved 
to    Texas     in     1835; 
^PWH^k  and      commanded    a 

cavalry  company  at 
the  battle  of  San  Ja- 
cinto,  and  rendered 
effective  service.  In 
1836  he  was  elected 
first  vice-president  of 
Texas,  having  for 
some  months  previ 
ous  held  the  rank  of 
major-general.  From 
1838  to  1841  he  was 
president  of  Texas.  He  was  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Verse  Me 
morials.  He  died  Dec.  19,  1859,  in  Au 
gusta,  Texas. 

LAMB,  ALFRED  W.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Missouri  from  1847 
to  1849. 

LAMB,  ARTEMUS,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Sept.  11,  1840,  in  Steuben  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  is  president  of  the  Crescent 
Springs  railroad  and  of  the  Northern 
Mississippi  railroad  of  Minnesota. 

LAMB,  EDWARD,  actor,  was  born  Oct. 
18,  1828,  in  New  York  city.  He  played 
his  most  successful  engagement  at  the  old 
Park  theater  in  Brooklyn,  of  which  he 
was  lessee  and  manager.  He  died  July  5, 
1887,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


LAMB,  G.  H.,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1858,  in  Fountain  coun 
ty,  Ind.  Since  1889  he  has  practiced  law 
in  Yates  Center.  In  1897  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  senate. 

LAMB,  ISAAC  WIXAN,  inventor,  was 
born  Jan.  8,  1840,  in  Salem,  Mich.  The 
Lamb  Knitting  Machine  Manufacturing 
company  was  organized  in  Springfield, 
Mass.,  in  1865  and  their  manufactory  re 
moved  to  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass.  His  ma 
chine  produces  more  than  thirty  kinds  of 
knitted  goods,  making  about  4,000  loops 
a  minute  at  ordinary  speed. 

LAMB,  JOHN,  soldier,  state  legislator, 
was  born  Jan.  1,  1735,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  promoted  to  major  and  colonel  of 
artillery,  and  rendered  good  service 
throughout  the  war.  He  was  subsequent 
ly  elected  to  the  New  York  legislature, 
and  was  appointed  by  Washington  collec 
tor  of  customs  for  the  port  of  New  York, 
which  post  he  held  till  his  death.  He 
died  May  31,  1800,  in  New  York  city. 

LAMB,  JOHN,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  June  12,  1840,  in  Sussex  county, 
Va.  At  the  first  alarm  of  war  in  1860  he 

^^^___^    went  to  the  front  as 

a  volunteer  in  the 
Charles  City  troop; 
and  served  through 
the  entire  war  with 
distinguished  gal 
lantry.  After  the 
war  he  returned  to 
his  native  county 
and  took  up  the 
business  of  farming; 
was  soon  elected 
sheriff  of  his  county, 
and  subsequently 
served  his  people  as  treasurer,  surveyor 
and  chairman  of  the  county  democratic 
committee.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

LAMB,  JOHN  E.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  26,  1852,  in  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.  He  was  appointed  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  the  fourteenth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Indiana  in  1875,  and  was  elected 
to  that  position  in  1876.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Indiana  to  the  for 
ty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

LAMB.  MRS.  MARTHA  JOAN  READE 
[NASH],  journalist,  author,  born  Aug. 
13,  1829,  in  Plainfield.  Mass.  She  was  an 
historical  writer  of  New  York  city;  and 
editor  of  the  Magazine  of  American  His 
tory  in  1883-93.  She  was  the  author  of 
The  History  of  the  City  of  New  York,  her 
chief  work,  which  is  the  result  of  a  vast 
amount  of  patient  labor  and  research.  Her 
other  works  include,  Spicy,  a  novel;  Play- 
School  Stories;  The  Christmas  Owl; 
Snow  and  Sunshine,  a  Story  for  Girls; 
and  Wall  Street  in  History.  She  died 
in  1893. 

LAMB,  ROBERT  N.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
banker,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1824,  in 
Perry  county,  Ind.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools;  and  subsequently  attended  Han 
over  college,  and  the  De  Pauw  univer 
sity.  In  1848-49  he  was  prosecuting  at 
torney;  and  for  ten  years  following  was 
auditor  of  Switzerland  county.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  in  the  union  army, 
with  the  rank  of  captain.  In  1864-70  he 
was  judge  of  the  common  pleas  and  cir 
cuit  courts.  In  1886-89  he  was  president 
of  the  First  National  bank  of  Indianapo 
lis,  Ind.;  and  since  1887  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Consumers'  Gas  Trust  com 
pany  of  that  city,  where  he  has  attained 
success  as  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of 
the  state. 


LAMB,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  merchant, 
statesman,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1835,  in  Nor 
folk,  Va.  He  attended  the  Rappahannock 
Military  academy;  the  William  and  Mary 
college;  and  in  1855  was  valedictorian  of 
his  class.  During  the  war  he  built  and 
commanded  Fort  Fisher,  N.  C.;  and  re 
pulsed  Gens.  Butler  and  Porter  on 
Christmas,  1864.  He  was  captured  at  Fort 
Fisher,  after  being  desperately  wounded, 
on  Jan.  15,  1865.  These  were  the  two 
heaviest  naval  bombardments  in  the  an 
nals  of  the  war;  and  the  most  prolonged 
hand-to-hand  fight  during  the  civil  war. 
For  six  years  he  was  mayor  of  Norfolk; 
was  actively  identified  with  public  affairs; 
presided  at  both  democratic  and  repub 
lican  state  conventions;  and  was  several 
times  on  the  presidential  electoral  ticket. 
He  engaged  in  the  shipping  business  and 
the  export  of  Pocahontas  coal,  and  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  a  successful  mer 
chant. 

LAMB,  WILLIAM  JOHN,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1868,  in  Bell 
Buckle,  Tenn.  He  has  attained  success  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Corinth,  Miss.  He  has 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Mississippi  state  legislature. 

LAMBDIN,  ALFRED  COCHRAN,  phy 
sician,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
29,  1846,  in  Philadelphia.  Since  1875  he  has 
been  managing  editor  of  the  Philadelphia 
Times.  He  is  the  author  of  An  Account 
of  the  Battle  of  Germantown. 

LAMBDIN,  GEORGE  COCHRAN,  ar 
tist,  was  born  in  1830  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
He  has  been  especially  successful  as  a 
painter  of  still  life,  particularly  flowers. 
His  works  include  Dead  Wife;  Ask  Me 
No  More;  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Joseph  Har 
rison;  and  Pink  and  Yellow  Roses. 

LAMBDIN,  JAMES  R.,  artist,  was  born 
May  10,  1807,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  has 
been  professor  of  fine  arts  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania;  was  for  twenty-five 
years  an  active  officer  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Academy  of  The  Fine  Arts;  and  has  been 
president  of  the  Artists'  Fund  society. 

LAMBERT,  ALEXANDER,  pianist, 
composer,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1862,  in  Po 
land.  He  is  the  author  of  the  following 
compositions:  Ave  Maria;  Valse  Im 
promptu;  and  Romanza. 

LAMBERT,  JOHN,  was  born  in  1748  in 
New  Jersey.  He  was  governor  of  New 
Jersey  during  the  years  1802  and  1803; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1805  to  1809,  and  from 
1809  to  1815.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
United  States  senate;  and  served  many 
years  in  the  legislature.  He  died  Feb. 
4,  1823,  in  Amwell,  N.  .1.  • 

LAMBERT,  JOHN  J.,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1837,  in  Ireland. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  in  the  union  army,  first  as  lieu 
tenant,  and  later  as  captain  of  company 
I,  ninth  regiment,  Iowa  volunteer  cavalry, 
until  1866.  He  afterward  was  commis 
sioned  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  regular 
army.  Since  1870  he  has  been  editor 
of  The  Daily  Chieftain  of  Pueblo,  Colo. 
In  1890  he  was  appointed  receiver  of  the 
United  States  land  office  at  Pueblo  for 
four  years. 

LAMBERT,  MRS.  MARY  ELIZA  [FE 
RINE]  [TUCKER],  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1838  in  Alabama.  She  is  a  writer 
of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  Po 
ems;  Loew's  Bridge,  a  Broadway  Idyl; 
and  Life  of  Mark  Pomeroy. 

LAMBERTON,  ROBERT  ALEXAN 
DER,  college  president,  was  born  April 
26,  1824,  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Lehigh  univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died  Sept.  1, 
1893. 


568 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LAMBING,  ANDREW  ARNOLD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1842,  in 
Manorville,  Pa.  He  has  filled  pastorates 
in  the  Roman  catholic  churches  of  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Sunday 
School  Teacher's  Manual;  The  Orphan's 
Friend;  The  Sacramental  of  the  Holy 
Catholic  Church;  History  of  Allegheny 
County,  Pa.;  and  numerous  other  works. 

LAMBORN,  EMMA  TAYLOR,  poet.  She 
is  a  writer  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  entitled  Book  of  Sonnets. 

LAMISON,  CHARLES  N.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1820 
in  Columbia  county,  Pa.  He  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  Allen  county,  Ohio, 
one  year  by  appointment,  and  four  years 
by  election.  He  raised  a  company  in 
1861  and  entered  the  army  as  captain  in 
the  twentieth  volunteers.  He  was  after 
wards  major  of  the  eighty-first  volunteer 
infantry.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
second  and  forty-third  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

LAMON,  WARD  HILL,  lawyer,  author. 
He  is  an  Illinois  lawyer,  law  partner  of 
Abraham  Lincoln;  and  the  author  of 
Recollections  of  Abraham  Lincoln;  and 
Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln. 

LAMONT,  DANIEL  SCOTT,  cabinet 
officer,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1851,  in  Cort- 
landville,  N.  Y.  From  1883  until  1885 
he  was  prhate  secretary  to  the  governor 
of  New  York,  and  from  the  latter  date  to 
1889  acted  in  the  same  capacity  to  the 
president  of  the  United  States.  On  the 
re-election  of  Mr.  Cleveland  to  the  presi 
dency  he  became,  in  1893,  a  member  of  his 
cabinet,  filling  the  place  of  secretary  of 
war. 

LAMONT,  GEORGE  D.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1823  in  Western  New  York. 
In  1862  he  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  the  provisional  court  of  Louis 
iana.  In  1871  he  was  elected  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  York  for  four 
teen  years.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1876,  in  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y. 

LAMOREUX,  SILAS  WRIGHT,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  in  1842,  in  Mad 
ison  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  president  of 
the  Mayville  Exchange  bank  for  four 
years;  and  county  judge  for  sixteen  years. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin 
legislature  for  one  term;  and  for  four 
years  was  commissioner  of  the  general 
land  office. 

LAMPORT,  WILLIAM  H.,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  27,  1811,  in  Pitts- 
town,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the  as 
sembly  of  New  York  in  1854;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  and  forty-third 
congresses. 

LAMPSON,  ELBERT  L.,  lawyer,  states 
man,  was  born  July  30,  1852,  in  Windsor, 
Ohio.  He  served  twice  as  a  member  of 
the  Ohio  house  of  representatives;  was 
speaker  of  the  house;  state  senator,  and 
president  of  the  senate.  He  has  filled  the 
office  of  lieutenant-governor  of  Ohio. 

LAMSON,  ALVAN,  clergyman,  author, 
•was  born  Nov.  18,  1792,  in  Weston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Dedham, 
Mass.,  in  1818-60;  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  the  First  Church  in  Dedham;  Ser 
mons;  and  The  Church  of  the  First  Three 
Centuries.  He  died  July  17,  1864,  in  Ded 
ham,  Mass. 

LAMSON,  DANIEL  LOWELL,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  June  18,  1834,  In 
Hopkinton,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Fryebnrg,  Maine;  and  the  author  of  Lec 
tures;  and  Differential  Diagnosis  of  Dis 
eases. 

LAMSON,  MRS.  MARY  [SWIFT],  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1822,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  She  was  for  five  years  a  teacher 
of  Laura  Bridgman,  the  noted  blind  deaf 
mute,  and  for  three  years  in  entire  charge 


of  her  education.  She  was  the  author  of 
Life  and  Education  of  Laura  Dewey 
Bridgman. 

LANCASTER,  COLUMBIA,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  to  congress  from 
the  territory  of  Washington  during  the 
years  1854  and  1855. 

LANCASTER,  JOSEPH,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1778,  in  London, 
England.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Brit 
ish  System  of  Education.  He  died  Oct. 
24,  1838,  in  New  York. 

LANCE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1791,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
was  a  lawyer  and  political  writer  of  Char 
leston,  who  published  a  Life  of  Washing 
ton  in  Latin.  He  died  in  1840,  in  Texas. 

LAND,  MAX  EMMEL,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  3,  1872,  in  Maple  Brook,  Ga.  He 
attended  the  public  schools,  Jackson  insti 
tute,  the  Georgia  Military  and  Agricul 
tural  college;  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1893.  He  has  served  as  prosecut 
ing  attorney  for  Wilcox  county;  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  democratic  executive  commit 
tee  of  that  county;  and  city  attorney  of 
Abbeville,  Ga. 

LANDER,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Wash 
ington  in  1853. 

LANDER,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
soldier,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1821,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  served  with  distinction  through 
out  the  civil  war, 
and  attained  the 
rank  of  brigadier- 
general  of  volun 
teers.  He  wrote 
many  stirring  pa 
triotic  poems  on  in 
cidents  of  the  cam 
paign.  He  was  a  gal 
lant  soldier,  and  took 
part  in  many  of  the 
most  desperate  bat 
tles  of  the  civil  war. 
He  died  March  2, 
1862,  in  Paw  Paw,  Va. 

LANDER,  JEAN  MARGARET  DAVEN 
PORT,  actress,  was  born  May  3,  1829,  in 
England.  Her  best  character  was  that 
of  Queen  Elizabeth.  Her  last  appearance 
was  in  Hawthorne's  Scarlet  Letter  at  the 
Boston  theater. 

LANDER,  LOUISA,  sculptor,  was  born 
Sept.  1,  1826,  in  Salem,  Mass.  Among 
her  works  are  a  bust  of  Governor  Gore  of 
Massachusetts;  a  bust  of  Hawthorne; 
and  a  statuette  of  Virginia  Dare,  the  first 
English  child  born  in  America. 

LANDER,  SARAH  WEST,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  27,  1S19,  in  Salem,  Mass.  She 
was  a  writer  of  Salem,  Mass.,  whose  Spec 
tacles  for  Young  Eyes,  a  series  of  vol 
umes  of  travel,  was  very  popular.  She 
died  Nov.  15,  1872,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

LANDERS,  FRANKLIN,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  22,  1825,  in  Morgan  county,  Ind. 
In  1860  he  was  elected  state  senator;  and 
in  1874  was  elected  a  representative  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress  from  Indiana. 

LANDERS,  G.  M.,  manufacturer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  22, 
1813,  in  Lenox,  Mass.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Connecticut  state  legisla 
ture  in  1851,  1867,  and  1874;  was  state 
senator  in  1853,  1869,  and  1873;  and  was 
appointed  bank  commissioner  for  Connec 
ticut  in  1875.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and 
re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

LANDES,  SILAS  Z.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  15,  1842,  In  Au 
gusta  county,  Va.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  fif 


tieth  congress  as  a  democrat.  In  1891  he 
was  elected  for  six  years  judge  of  the 
circuit  court  of  Illinois. 

LANDIS,  CHARLES  B.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  9,  1858,  in  Mill- 
ville,  Ohio.    He  served  for  four  years  from 
1883  to  1887  as  editor  of  the  Logansport 
Journal  of  Indiana;     and  at  the  time  of 
his  nomination  to  congress  was  the  edi 
tor  of  the  Delphi  Journal.    He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 
LANDIS,  JOHN  H.,  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.    31,   1853,    in   Lancaster   county,    Pa. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,       at       the 
county  lyceums,  and 
/^       *V  the  Millersville  State 

Normal  school.  Dur 
ing  1878-84  he  was  a 
^^k  ^j^  m  member  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  house  of 
representatives;  su 
pervisor  of  census  in 

•  1890;       and      served 
cj^  ^4^^^    with     distinction     in 
Y\    ff        I    t  h  e       Pennsylvania 

.      \     I    state    senate    during 
1892-96.      He    was    a 

presidential  elector  in  1896;  and  since  1891 
has  been  secretary  of  the  Farmers'  Pro 
tective  Tariff  league  of  Pennsylvania. 

LANDON,  JUDSON  STUART,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1832,  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Schenectady,  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  state  of  New 
York  and  lecturer  in  the  Albany  Law 
school.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Consti 
tutional  History  and  Government  of  the 
United  States. 

LANDON,  MELVILLE  DE  LANCEY, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  in  1839,  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  popular  humorous  lecturer; 
and  the  author  of  The  Franco-Prussian 
War  in  a  Nutshell;  Saratoga  in  1901;  Eli 
Perkins  at  Large;  Eli  Perkins's  Wit,  Hu 
mor,  and  Pathos;  Fun  and  Fact,  Thirty 
Years  of  Wit;  and  Money:  Silver,  Gold, 
or  Bimetallism. 

LANDRAM,  JOHN  JAMES,  soldier, 
state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1826,  in 
Warsaw,  Ky.  At  the  opening  of  the  civ 
il  war  he  aided  in  recruiting  and  organiz 
ing  for  the  national  government  the 
eighteenth  Kentucky  regiment,  of  which 
he  became  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was 
elected  to 'the  Kentucky  state  senate  In 
1863. 

LANDRUM,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  3,  1815,  in  Edge- 
field  district,  S.  C.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress;  and  resigned  in  1861. 

LANDRUM,  RICHARD  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  May 
31,   1834,  in  Jefferson  county,  Tenn.     He 
served   with   distinc 
tion  through  the  civ 
il   war;     and   served 
for  a  time  as   adju 
tant  of  the  seventy- 
i    sixth   Missouri   regi 
ment.     Since  1870  he 
has  practiced  law  in 
»   Mt.  Vernon,  Mo.;  has 
<    been   justice    of    the 
I   peace;    judge  of  the 
I   county  court,  and  al- 
I   so    of     the     probate 

•  court  and  the   court 
of  common   pleas.     He   served   with   dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  thirty-seventh 
Missouri  general  assembly;     and  in   1894 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 

LANDRY,  J.  ARISTIDE,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Louisiana.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1851  to  1853. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


569 


LANDY,  JAMES,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1813,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  In  1856  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress  from 
Pennsylvania.  He  died  July  24,  1875,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LANE,  ALBERT  GRANNIS,  educator, 
-was  born  March  15,  1841,  in  Chicago,  111. 
For  eleven  years  he  was  principal  of  the 
Chicago  Franklin  school,  county  superin 
tendent  of  schools  for  eighteen  years;  and 
since  1891  has  been  superintendent  of  the 
Chicago  schools. 

LANE,  AMOS,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  March  1,  1778,  near  Aurora,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Indiana  from  1833  to  1839,  having  pre 
viously  been  a  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature,  and  ser\ed  one  session  as  speaker. 
He  died  Sept.  2,  1849,  in  Lawrenceburg, 
Ind. 

LANE,  EBKNEZER,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Dec.  17,  1793,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 
He  moved  to  Norwalk,  Ohio;  became 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in 
1824;  and  from  1837  till  1845  was  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Ohio.  He  died 
June  13,  1866,  in  Sandusky,  Ohio. 

LANE,   EDWARD,  lawyer,   jurist,   con 
gressman,   was   born   March    27,   1842,   in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  received  an  academic 
education,      after- 
wards  read  law,  and 
was  licensed  to  prac 
tice  by  the  supreme 
A  court  of  the  state  of 

Illinois  in  February, 
1865,  and  has  since 
practiced  his  profes 
sion.  He  was  elected 
judge  in  1869,  and 
served  one  term.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth,  fifty-first, 
fifty-second,  and  fif 
ty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

LANE,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  appointed  a  United  States  district 
judge  in  Alabama.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1863, 
in  Louisville,  Ky. 

LANE,  HENRY  S.,  soldier,  legislator, 
congressman,  governor,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1811,  in  Montgom 
ery  county,  Ky.  In  1837  he  was  elected 
to  the  Indiana  legislature;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Indiana  from 
1841  to  1843.  He  served  as  a  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  volunteers  in  the  war  with 
Mexico  in  1846.  In  1861  he  was  elected 
governor  of  Indiana;  and  two  days  after 
his  inauguration  was  again  elected  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  from  Indiana  for  the  term 
ending  in  1867.  He  died  June  18,  1881,  in 
Crawfordsville,  Ind. 

LANE,  JAMES  HENRY,  soldier,  states 
man,  was  born  June  22,  1814,  in  Law 
renceburg,  Ind.  In  1849  he  was  lieuten 
ant-governor  of  Indiana;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1853  to  1855.  He  settled  in  Kansas; 
and  was  elected  by  the  people  major-gen 
eral  of  the  free  state  troops.  On  the  ad 
mission  of  Kansas  into  the  union,  he  was 
chosen  a  senator  in  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1871.  He 
died  July  1,  1866,  in  Leavenworth,  Kan. 

LANE,  JOHN  WATSON,  physician, 
philosopher,  was  born  March  6,  1830,  in 
Ripley,  Ohio.  He  graduated  in  medicine 
from  the  Cincinnati  Medical  college,  and 
is  a  prominent  physician  of  Hamilton,  111. 
He  has  written  extensively  concerning  the 
Truths  of  Religion,  freed  from  Dogma; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

LANE,  JONATHAN  H.,  journalist,  sci 
entist,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1819,  in  Geneseo, 
N.  Y.  He  published  papers  on  Electricity; 


On  the  Law  of  Electric  Induction  in  Met 
als;  and  On  the  Law  of  Induction  of  an 
Electric  Current  on  Itself.  He  also  pub 
lished  Theoretical  Temperature  of  the 
Sun;  and  Description  of  a  New  Form  of 
Mercurial  Horizon.  He  died  May  3,  1880, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

LANE,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  legislator, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Dec.  14,  1801,  in  Buncombe,  N.  C.  He 
was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  Indiana 
in  1822,  serving  in 
that  capacity,  with 
i  occasional  intervals, 
J  until  1846.  He  partici- 
I  pated  in  the  war  with 
I  Mexico;  and  was  ap- 
I  pointed  a  brigadier- 
general.  In  1849  he 
was  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  the  territory 
of  Oregon.  He  was 
elected  a  delegate  to 
congress  in  1851,  where  he  was  retained 
by  his  constituents  until  the  admission 
of  Oregon  as  a  state  in  1859,  when  he  took 
his  seat  as  a  senator  in  congress,  serving 
until  1861.  He  died  April  19,  1881,  in 
Oregon. 

LANE,  LA  FAYETTE,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1842,  in  Van- 
derburg  county,  Ind.  He  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  of  Oregon  in  1864;  and  in 
1875  was  elected  a  representative  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress.  He  died  Nov.  24, 
1896,  in  Roseburg,  Oregon. 

LANE,  LEMUEL  M.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Nov.  4,  1854,  in  Fillmore,  Mo.  After  re 
ceiving  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  common  schools,  he  attended  the  Illi 
nois  State  Normal  school.  He  has  been 
mayor  of  Maryville,  Mo.,  and  twice  its 
city  attorney.  He  was  twice  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Nodaway  county,  Mo.;  and 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Methodist 
college  of  Maryville.  He  is  now  practic 
ing  his  profession  with  success  in  King 
Fisher.  Oklahoma;  and  is  prominent  in 
the  public  affairs  of  that  territory. 

LANE,  SAMUEL.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  men  appointed  superintendent  or 
commissioner  of  public  buildings  for  the 
District  of  Columbia,  but  the  date  of  his 
appointment  does  not  appear  on  the  pub 
lic  records. 

LANE,  WILLIAM  ALFRED,  physician, 
journalist,  jurist,  author,  was  born  March 
1,  1845,  in  Convis,  Mich.  For  a  quarter  of 
a  century  he  has  been  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Homer  Index;  and  is  the  author  of 
Homer  and  Its  Pioneers.  He  is  judge  of 
the  probate  court  of  Carlisle  county,  Mich. 

LANE,  WILLIAM  CARR,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1789,  in 
Westmoreland,  Pa.  He  served  as  a  sur 
geon  in  the  war  of  1812  and  the  Mexican 
war.  In  1852  he  was  appointed  governor 
of  New  Mexico,  resigning  in  1853,  when 
he  resumed  the  practice  of  medicine  in 
St.  Louis. 

LANG,  BENJAMIN  JOHNSON,  pianist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1837,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  Marseillaise; 
Chadwick;  The  Viking's  Last  Voyage; 
and  Henry  of  Navarre. 

LANG,  MARGARET  RUTHVEN,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1867,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  She  is  the  author  of  Dramatic 
Overture;  Witichis;  and  Totila. 

LANGDALE,  THOMAS  GUY,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1866,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  In  1888  he  received  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  from  the  university  of  Cincinnati; 
and  in  1891  the  degree  of  B.  D.  from  the 
Chicago  Theological  seminary.  He  has 
filled  pastorates  in  South  Dakota;  and 
since  1896  has  filled  a  pastorate  in  DeSmet. 


In  1893-94  he  was  secretary  of  the  South 
Dakota  Christian  Endeavor  union,  and 
since  1895  has  been  its  president. 

LANGDELL,  CHRISTOPHER  COLUM 
BUS,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  May  22, 
1826,  in  New  Hampshire.  He  is  a  legal 
writer  of  distinction,  dean  of  the  Harvard 
Law  school;  and  the  author  of  Cases  on 
the  Law  of  Contracts;  Summary  of  Equity 
Pleading;  Cases  in  Equity  Pleading;  and 
Elementary  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Con 
tracts. 

LANGDON,  CHAUNCEY,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Vermont  from  1815 
to  1817;  served  seven  years  in  the  legis 
lature  of  the  state;  and  was  a  state  coun 
cilor  for  nine  years.  He  died  in  1830. 

LANGDON,  JOHN,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
June  '25,  1741,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  In 
1775  and  1776  he  was  chosen  a  delegate  to 
congress  from  New  Hampshire.  He  com 
manded  a  company  of  volunteers  in  Ver 
mont  and  Rhode  Island.  In  his  own  state 
he  was  in  1776  and  1777  speaker  of  the 
house  of  representatives  and  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas.  In  1783  he  was 
again  appointed  a  delegate  to  congress; 
and  was  afterwards  repeatedly  a  member 
of  the  legislature,  and  speaker.  In  1788  he 
was  chosen  governor  of  the  state;  and 
from  1789  to  1801  was  senator  of  the 
United  States.  From  1805  to  1808,  and 
again  in  1810  and  1811  he  was  governor  of 
the  state.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1819,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H. 

LANGDON,  WILLIAM  CHAUNCEY. 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1831, 
in  Burlington,  Vt.  He  is  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Bedford,  Pa.;  and  the  author 
of  The  Defects  of  our  Practical  Catholici 
ty;  Plain  Papers  for  Parish  Priests  and 
Peoples;  The  Catholic  Reform  Movement 
in  the  Italian  Church;  and  Conflict  of 
Practice  and  Principle  in  the  American 
Church.  He  died  in  1895. 

LANGDON,  WOODBURY,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1739,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
New  Hampshire  to  the  continental  con 
gress  in  1779  and  1780;  was  a  counselor 
from  1781  to  1784;  and  a  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  New  Hampshire  in  1782, 
and  from  1786  to  1790.  He  died  Jan.  13, 
1805,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

LANGE,  LOUIE  A.,  journalist,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  May  31,  1854,  in  Chicago, 
111.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to  Wis 
consin  in  1856,  set 
tling  in  Fond  du 
Lac;  and  in  1861 
moved  to  Milwaukee, 
where  he  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  Eng- 
elman's  academy.  In 
1870  he  returned  to 
Fond  du  Lac,  and 
learned  the  printing 
business.  In  1874  he 
was  city  editor  of 
The  Chronicle  of  La 
Porte,  Ind.;  and  was  city  editor  of  the 
Fond  du  Lac  Commonwealth  in  1877.  For 
a  while  he  was  engaged  on  the  Evening 
Wisconsin;  in  1883  became  part  owner  of 
the  Reporter  of  Fond  du  Lac,  also  estab 
lishing  a  daily;  two  years  later  purchased 
the  entire  plant;  and  is  now  proprietor 
of  the  Reporter  Printing  house.  Since 
1891  he  has  been  a  director  of  the  pub 
lic  library;  and  was  alderman  and  presi 
dent  of  the  common  council  and  board  of 
education  for  four  years.  In  1892  he  was 
elected  to  the  assembly  of  the  Wisconsin 
state  legislature,  and  received  the  re-elec 
tion  in  1894  and  in  1896. 


570 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LANGERFELDT,  THEODORE  OTTO, 
artist,  was  born  March  2,  1841,  in  Ger 
many.  One  of  his  architectural  paintings 
was  awarded  a  prize  at  the  centennial  ex 
hibition  of  Philadelphia  in  1876. 

LANGLEY,  JOHN  WESLEY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1863,  in  Floyd 
county,  Ky.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  Columbian,  Georgetown,  and  the 
National  universities  of  Washington.  D. 
C.  He  has  been  clerk  in  the  pension  and 
land  offices;  a  member  of  the  board  of 
pension  appeals  of  Washington,  D.  C.;  and 
a  delegate  to  the  national  republican 
convention  in  1888.  He  has  twice  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  the  republican  nominee 
for  speaker.  In  1896  he  was  republican 
nominee  for  congress  from  his  district. 
He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  and 
orators  of  Kentucky;  and  has  a  large 
practice  in  Prestonburg. 

LANGLEY,  JOHN  WILLIAMS,  chemist, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1841,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
His  scientific  work  has  been  principally 
in  connection  with  the  development  of  the 
chemistry  of  iron-ores,  and  his  results 
have  been  published  in  the  American 
Journal  of  Science  and  elsewhere. 

LANGLEY,  SAMUEL  PIERPONT,  as 
tronomer,  author,  was  born  in  1834,  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  an  astronomer  of 
eminence,  the  secretary  of  the  Smithson 
ian  institution  since  1887;  and  the  author 
of  Researches  on  Solar  Heat;  and  The 
New  Astronomy. 

LANGSTON,  ASA  HENRY,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1868,  in  Leake 
county,  Miss.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  common  schools,  the  Mississippi 
Central  Normal  school,  and  at  the  luka 
Normal  institute.  In  1896  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  the  Mississippi  state 
legislature  for  the  term  of  four  years.  He 
is  prominent  in  literature  and  history, 
and  in  the  science  of  government;  and  a 
prominent  lawyer  of  Carthage. 

LANGSTON,  JOHN  MERCER,  educator, 
lawyer,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  14,  1829,  in  Louisa  Court  House,  Va. 
In  1869  he  was  elected  professor  of  law 
in  Howard  university,  and  was  made  dean 
of  the  law  department.  During  the  last 
two  years  of  his  service  he  was  vice-pres 
ident  and  acting  president  of  the  univer 
sity.  From  1870  to  1877  he  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  health  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  its  attorney.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress.  He  is 
the  author  of  Freedom  and  Citizenship. 

LANGSTROTH,  LORENZO  LORRAINE, 
clergyman,  inventor,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1810,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
invented  the  movable-comb  hive,  which 
has  come  into  extensive  use;  and  is  the 
author  of  The  Hive  and  the  Honey-Bee. 

LANGWORTHY,  EDWARD,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Georgia  to 
the  continental  congress  from  1777  to 
1779,  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
articles  of  confederation. 

LANHAM,  SAMUEL  W.  T.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  July  4,  1846, 
in  Spartanburg  district,  S.  C.  He  entered 
the  confederate  army  when  a  boy.  He  set 
tled  in  Weatherford,  Tex.;  was  dis 
trict  attorney;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Texas  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  and 
fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

LANIER,  CLIFFORD  ANDERSON,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  24,  1844,  in 
Griffin,  Ga.  He  is  the  author  of  Two  Hun 
dred  Bales;  and  Thorn-Fruit. 


LANIER,  SIDNEY,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  3,  1842,  in  Macon,  Ga.  A  Cen 
tennial  Ode,  written  for  the  opening  of 
the  exposition  of  1876,  first  brought  him 
into  general  notice.  Subsequently  he  lec 
tured  upon  English  literature  in  Balti 
more.  He  was  the  author  of  Poems;  Ti 
ger  Lilies,  a  novel;  The  Science  of  Eng 
lish  Verse;  The  English  Novel  and  its 
Development;  Florida:  its  Scenery,  His 
tory,  and  Climate.  He  edited  The  Boys' 
Percy;  The  Boys'  Mabinogion;  The  Boys' 
King  Arthur;  and  The  Boys'  Froissart. 
He  died  Sept.  7,  1881,  in  Lynn,  N.  C. 

LANIGAN,  GEORGE  THOMAS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1845,  in 
Quebec,  Canada.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
Montreal,  and  subsequently  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Canadian  Bal 
lads;  and  Fables  Out  of  the  World.  He 
died  Feb.  5,  1886,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LANING,  JAY  FORD,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  state  senator,  was  born  May  15,  1853, 
in  New  London,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful 
publisher  of  Norwalk,  Ohio;  and  in  1897 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  general  as 
sembly  of  Ohio. 

LANMAN,  CHARLES,  journalist,  li 
brarian,  author,  was  born  June  14,  1819, 
in  Monroe,  Mich.  In  1849  he  was  librarian 
of  the  war  department  at  Washington, 
D.  C.;  and  in  1850  became  the  private  sec 
retary  of  Daniel  Webster.  In  1853  he  was 
examiner  of  depositaries  for  the  southern 
states;  and  in  1855-57  was  librarian  of 
the  interior  department.  In  1866  he  was 
librarian  of  the  house  of  representatives; 
and  during  1871-82  was  secretary  to  the 
Japanese  legation.  His  principal  works 
are:  Essays  for  Summer  Hours;  Summer 
in  the  Wilderness;  Private  Life  of  Daniel 
Webster;  Dictionary  of  Congress;  The 
Red  Book  of  Michigan;  Leading  Men  of 
Japan;  Letters  from  a  Landscape  Paint 
er;  Tour  to  the  River  Saguenay;  Farthest 
North;  and  Haphazard  Personalities.  He 
died  about  1892,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

LANMAN,  CHARLES  JAMES,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  June  5,  1795,  in  Norwich, 
Conn.  He  settled  in  Monroe,  Mich.;  and 
was  judge  of  probate  and  inspector  of 
customs.  He  was  a  founder  of  Tecumseh, 
Mich.;  and  the  surveyor,  and  once  the 
sole  owner  of  the  land  where  the  city  of 
Grand  Rapids  now  stands.  In  1835  he  re 
turned  to  his  native  city,  and  three  years 
later  was  made  its  mayor.  In  1862  he 
moved  to  New  London,  Conn.,  where  he 
died  July  25,  1870. 

LANMAN,  CHARLES  ROCKWELL, 
orientalist,  educator,  author,  was  born 
July  8,  1850,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  Since 
1880  he  has  filled  the  chair  of  Sanskrit  in 
the  Harvard  university.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  Sanskrit  Grammar,  and  several 
works  on  oriental  subjects. 

LANMAN,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  June  14, 
1769,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
first  constitution  of  Connecticut  in  1818. 
He  was  elected  a  United  States  senator, 
and  sened  during  1819-25.  He  was  sub 
sequently  a  judge  of  the  supreme  and  su 
perior  courts  of  Connecticut  during  1826- 
29.  He  died  Aug.  7,  1841,  in  Norwich, 
Conn. 

LANMAN,  JAMES  HENRY,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1812,  in  Norwich, 
Conn.  He  was  the  author  of  A  History  of 
Michigan,  which  was  afterward  issued 
under  the  title  of  History  of  Michigan 
From  its  Earliest  Colonization  to  1842. 
He  contributed  extensively  to  the  North 
American  and  the  American  Quarterly 
Reviews.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1887,  in  Mid- 
dletown,  Conn. 


LANMAN,  JOSEPH,  naval  officer,  was 
born  July  11,  1811,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He 
served  in  the  United  States  navy  during 
the  civil  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  rear- 
admiral.  He  died  March  13,  1874,  in  Nor 
wich,  Conn. 

LANSIL,  WALTER  F.,  artist,  was  born 
in  1846,  in  Bangor,  Maine.  He  settled  in 
Boston,  where  he  has  passed  his  profes 
sional  life.  He  effectively  represents  the 
luminous  effects  of  sunrise  and  sunset. 
Among  his  works  are  Crossing  the 
Gorges;  and  an  evening  View  of  Charles- 
town,  with  Shipping. 

LANSING,  FREDERICK,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1838, 
in  Manheim,  N.  Y.  He  has  resided  in 

^^^     Watertown      since 

1856.    He  served  dur- 
,    ing   the   war    in   the 
%     I   eighth      New      York 
cavalry;     was  acting 
adjutant  of  that  reg 
iment   in   1863;     was 
'"'*'     §    badly     wounded     at 
'          affl^B   the  battle  of  Bristoe 
Station,  and  the  next 
year  was  discharged 
on     account     of 

wounds.       He      was 

elected  state  senator 

in  1881;  and  in  1883  was  re-elected.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
republican.  He  declined  a  renomination. 
He  died  Jan.  30,  1894,  in  Watertown,  N.  Y. 

LANSING,  GERIT  Y.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1783,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  served 
four  years  in  the  legislature  of  that  state; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1831  to  1837;  and  was  for 
many  years  chancellor  of  the  board  of 
regents  of  the  university  of  New  York. 
He  died  Jan.  3,  1862,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

LANSING,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1754,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  delegate  from  New 
York  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1784  to  1788;  also  a  member  of  the  con 
vention  that  framed  the  federal  constitu 
tion.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1829;  in  New  York 
city. 

LANSING,  JOHN  GULIAN,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1851,  in 
Louisiana.  He  is  a  Dutch  reformed  cler 
gyman,  professor  of  Old  Testament  lan 
guages  in  the  New  Brunswick  Theological 
seminary,  New  Jersey;  and  the  author  of 
American  Revised  Version  of  the  Book 
of  Psalms;  and  An  Arabic  Manual. 

LANSING,  WILLIAM  E.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1822,  in  Sullivan, 
N.  Y.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a  represen- 
tathe  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-sev 
enth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-second  and  forty-third  congresses  as 
a  republican.  He  died  July  29,  1883. 

LANZA,  MARCHIONESS  CLARA 
[HAMMOND],  author,  was  born  in  1858, 
in  Kansas.  She  is  a  novelist  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Tit  for  Tat;  Mr. 
Perkins's  Daughter;  A  Righteous  Apos 
tate;  Tales  of  Eccentric  Life;  A  Modern 
Marriage;  David  Morton's  Transgression; 
and  A  Golden  Pilgrimage. 

LAPHAM,  ELBRIDGE  GERRY,  civil 
engineer,  lawyer,  congressman.  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1814,  in 
Farmington,  N.  Y.  He  was  civil  engineer 
on  the  Michigan  Southern  railroad;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-fourth  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth,  and  forty-seventh  congresses;  and 
was  elected  a  United  States  senator  from 
New  York  for  the  term  ending  in  1885,  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY 


571 


LAPHAM,  HENRY  GRIFFITH,  leather 
merchant,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1822,  in  Can- 
by,  Vt.  He  was  principally  engaged  in 
the  tanning  and  lum 
ber  business  in  New 
York  and  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  engaged 
in  the  manufacture 
of  leather  and  lum 
ber  in  northwestern 
Pennsylvania.  Later 
•  he  took  an  active 
part  in  the  produc 
tion  of  petroleum  in 
Pennsylvania  and 
Ohio.  He  was  also 
interested  in  ranch 
ing  in  Mexico.  The  United  States  Leather 
Co.  is  one  of  the  greatest  corporations  in 
America.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1881,  in  New 
York  city. 

LAPHAM,  INCREASE  ALLEN,  scien 
tist,  author,  was  born  March  7,  1811,  in 
Palmyra,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  prominent  sci 
entist  of  Milwaukee;  and  the  author  of 
Antiquities  of  Wisconsin;  Wisconsin:  its 
Geography,  Topography.  History,  Geolo 
gy,  and  Mineralogy.  He  died  Sept.  14, 
1875,  in  Oconomowoc,  Wis. 

LAPHAM,  MARSHALL,  financier,  was 
born  July  3,  1867,  in  Kalamazoo  county, 
Mich.  In  1887-90  he  was  auditor  of  the 
Chicago  and  Calumet  Terminal  railway; 
and  since  1893  has  been  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Chicago,  Joliet  and  South 
western  railway. 

LAPHAM,  OSCAR,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  June 
29,  1837,  in  Burrillville,  R.  I.  He  was  first 
lieutenant,  adjutant,  and  captain  in 
twelfth  Rhode  Island  volunteers,  and 
served  in  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  in  army 
of  Potomac  and  department  of  Ohio.  He 
represented  the  city  of  Providence  in  the 
Rhode  Island  state  senate  in  1887-88.  He 
was  democratic  candidate  for  congress  in 
1882,  1886  and  1888,  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses. 

LAPHAM,  WILLIAM  BERRY,  physi 
cian,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  21, 
1828,  in  Greenwood,  Maine.  He  was  an 
agricultural  editor  of  Maine,  who  pub 
lished  several  histories  of  Maine  locali 
ties,  including  Woodstock,  Paris,  Norway, 
Bar  Harbor,  and  Mount  Desert  Island. 

LAPORTE,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1833  to  1837. 

LARCOM,  LUCY,  author,  poet,  was  born 
in  1826,  in  Beverly,  Mass.  She  was  a  pop 
ular  verse  and  prose  writer  of  Beverly, 
Mass.,  who  in  early  life  worked  in  the 
Lowell  factories,  and  was  a  contributor 
to  the  noted  Lowell  Offering.  Her  writ 
ings  in  verse  include,  At  the  Beautiful 
Gate;  Childhood  Songs;  Wild  Roses  of 
Cape  Ann;  An  Idyl  of  Work;  Easter 
Gleams;  Complete  Poems.  Skipper  Ben 
and  Hannah  Binding  Shoes  are  her  best 
known  lyrics.  Her  original  work  in  prose 
comprises,  Ships  in  the  Mist,  and  Other 
Stories;  The  Sunbeam;  Similitudes;  Leila 
among  the  Mountains;  The  Unseen 
Friend;  As  It  is  in  Heaven;  and  A  New 
England  Girlhood,  an  autobiographic 
work.  She  died  in  1893. 

LARDNER,  JAMES  L.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1802,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
served  through  the  Mexican  and  civil  wars 
in  the  United  States  navy,  attaining  the 
rank  of  rear  admiral.  He  died  April  13, 
1881,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LARGE,  GEORGE  HALL,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1850,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  During  1885-88  he  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  state  senate, 


and   in  the  latter  year  was  president  of 
that  body. 

LARIMER,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  banker,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1809,  in  West 
moreland  county,  Pa.  In  1855  he  went  to 
Nebraska;  and  served  in  the  territorial 
legislature  in  1856.  In  the  beginning  of 
the  civil  war  he  raised  a  regiment  of  vol 
unteers  in  Colorado  and  was  commis 
sioned  colonel.  He  served  in  Kansas,  In 
dian  territory,  and  Arkansas,  and  was 
mustered  out  in  August,  1865.  He  died 
May  16,  1875,  near  Leavenworth,  Kan. 

LARKIN,  DANIEL  CHARLES,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  July  29,  1849,  in  San- 
dusky,  Ohio.  Up  to  1875  he  was  con 
nected  with  the 
Brotherhood  of  Lo 
comotive  Engineers; 
and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Gem 
city  assembly 
Knights  of  Labor. 
Since  1880  he  has 
been  chief  of  the  fire 
department  of  Day 
ton,  Ohio;  and  takes 
an  active  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and 
state.  He  also  contributes  to  newspapers 
and  magazines. 

LARKIN,  JOHN,  college  president,  was 
born  in  1801,  in  England.  In  1851  he  be 
came  president  of  St.  John's  college  in 
Fordham,  N.  Y.,  resigning  in  1854.  He 
died  Dec.  11,  1858,  in  Fordham,  N.  Y. 

LARKIN,  LUCIEN  A.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1865,  in  Lynchburg, 
Va.  He  received  a  liberal  education  in  the 
common  schools,  and  at  Bethel  Military 
academy.  For  many  years  he  was  editor 
and  owner  of  The  Gazette  of  Manassas, 
Va.,  where  he  now  practices  his  profes 
sion  of  law,  and  takes  an  active  part  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

LARNED,  AUGUSTA,  journalist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  16,  1835,  in 
Rutland,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  journalist  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Home 
Story  Scenes;  Talks  with  Girls;  Old 
Tales  from  Grecian  Mythology;  Tales 
from  the  Norse  Grandmother;  Village 
Photographs;  and  In  Woods  and  Fields, 
a  book  of  verse. 

LARNED,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  sol 
dier,  educator,  philologist,  was  born 
March  9,  1850,  in  New  York  city.  In 
1870  he  graduated  from  the  United  States 
Military  academy  of  West  Point.  He  has 
been  first  and  second  lieutenant  of  the 
seventh  New  York  cavalry,  and  served  on 
frontier  in  Kansas;  then  on  reconstruc 
tion  service  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee. 
In  1873  he  was  in  the  Dakota  expedition 
against  Sitting  Bull,  under  Stanley  and 
Custer,  and  was  in  the  fight  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Big  Horn.  Since  1876  he  has  been 
professor  of  topographical  and  mechani 
cal  drawing  in  the  United  States  Military 
academy.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Ameri 
can  Philological  association,  and  other 
scientific  bodies;  and  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  current  literature. 

LARNED,  EBENEZER,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  18,  1728,  in  Ox 
ford,  Mass.  In  1774  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  provincial  congress  at  Concord,  Mass. 
He  served  through  the  revolutionary  war, 
attaining  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  in 
1777.  He  died  April  1,  1801,  in  Oxford, 
Mass. 

LARNED,  EDWIN  CHANNING,  educa 
tor,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  July  14, 
1820,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  district  attorney 


for  the  northern  district  of  Illinois  in 
1861.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1884,  in  Lake  For 
est,  111. 

LARNED,  ELLEN  DOUGLAS,  author, 
was  born  July  13,  1825,  in  Thompson, 
Conn.  She  is  the  author  of  a  History  of 
Windham  County,  Conn.;  and  of  a  History 
of  the  Town  of  Woodstock,  Conn. 

LARNED,  JOSHUA  NELSON,  author, 
was  born  in  1836,  in  Canada.  He  is  the 
superintendent  of  the  public  library  at 
Buffalo;  and  the  author  of  History  for 
Ready  Reference;  and  Talks  About  La 
bor. 

LARNED,  SIMON,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1753,  in  Thomp 
son,  Conn.  He  served  as  colonel  of  mili 
tia;  was,  for  a  time,  sheriff  of  Berkshire 
county;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  to  fill  a  va 
cancy.  He  died  Nov.  16,  1817,  in  Pitts- 
field,  Mass. 

LARNED,  WALTER  CRANSTON,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1850,  in  Illinois. 
He  is  a  lawyer  and  litterateur  of  Lake 
Forest,  111.;  and  the  author  of  Churches 
and  Castles  of  Mediaeval  France. 

LARNED,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  June  23,  1806,  in 
Thompson,  Conn.  In  1839  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  rhetoric  and  English  literature 
at  Yale,  which  post  he  held  until  his 
death.  In  the  later  years  of  his  life  he 
prepared  and  printed,  but  did  not  pub 
lish,  a  valuable  edition  of  the  Oration  of 
Demosthenes  on  the  Crown,  with  philo 
logical  and  rhetorical  notes.  He  died  Feb. 
3,  1862,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

LARNER,  JOHN  BELL,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  3,  1858,  in  Washington,  D. 
C.  He  has  become  prominent  as  a  law 
yer  of  ability  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is 
the  author  of  an  English  translation  of 
Alex.  Dumas'  Napoleon. 

LA  ROCHE,  RENE,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1795,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  a  Philadelphia  physician;  and  the 
author  of  Pneumonia:  its  Supposed  Con 
nection  with  Autumnal  Fevers;  and  Trea 
tise  on  Yellow  Fever.  He  died  in  Decem 
ber,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LARRABEE,  CHARLES  HATHAWAY, 
soldier,  lawyer,  journalist,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  .born  Nov.  9,  1820,  in  Rome, 
N.  Y.  In  1847  he  settled  in  Wisconsin,  and 
became  a  member  of  the  convention  to 
frame  a  state  constitution.  In  1848  he  was 
elected  a  circuit  judge,  and  after  serving 
ten  years,  resigned.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  He  subsequently 
entered  the  army  in  the  volunteer  service, 
and  had  command  as  colonel  of  a  regi 
ment  from  his  state.  He  died  Jan.  20, 
1883,  in  Tehachapi  Pass,  Cal. 

LARRABEE,  WILLIAM,  governor  of 
Iowa,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1832,  in  Ledyard, 
Conn.  He  served  in  the  Iowa  state  senate 
in  1868-85;  and  since  1885  has  been  gov 
ernor  of  the  state. 

LARRABEE,  WILLIAM  CLARK,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
23,  1802,  in  Cape  Elizabeth,  Maine.  He  was 
a  once  prominent  methodist  clergyman 
and  educator  of  Indiana;  and  professor  in 
De  Pauw  university  for  a  number  of  years. 
He  was  the  author  of  Scientific  Evidences 
of  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion;  Wes 
ley  and  his  Co-Laborers;  Asbury  and  his 
Co-Laborers;  and  Rosebower,  a  volume 
of  essays.  He  died  May  4,  1859,  in  Green- 
castle,  Ind. 

LARREMORE,  RICHARD  LUDLOW, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1830,  in 
Astoria,  N.  Y.  In  1870  he  was  elected  a 
justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of 
New  York  for  fifteen  years,  and  re-elected 
in  1885,  when  he  became  chief  justice. 


572 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LARSON,  LARS  M.,  educator,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1856,  near 
Springfield,  Wis.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  Wiscon 
sin  schools  for  the 
Deaf  of  Delavan, 
Wis.;  and  at  the  Na 
tional  College  for  the 
Deaf  of  Washington, 
D.  C.  He  is  the  or 
ganizer  and  founder 
of  the  New  Mexico 
School  for  the  Deaf 
and  the  Blind  of 
Santa  Pe.  In  1887 
this  institution  was 
incorporated  by  act 
of  legislature,  and  placed  on  an  equal 
footing  with  similar  schools  in  the  United 
States.  It  was  then  placed  under  the 
management  of  a  committee  of  three  of 
ficers  of  the  territory,  and  Mr.  Larson 
was  made  superintendent  and  instructor. 
This  school  is  the  first  public  institution 
of  learning  to  become  the  property  of 
New  Mexico;  and  is  now  on  a  sound 
financial  basis. 

LA  SALLE,  ROBERT  CAVALIER,  ex 
plorer,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1643,  in  Rouen. 
He  explored  the  Mississippi;  and  took 
possession  of  the  entire  valley  at  its 
mouth  for  France,  calling  it  Louisiana. 
He  died  March  17,  1687. 

LA  SERE,  EMILE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Louisiana.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1846 
to  1851. 

LASH,  ISRAEL  G.,  manufacturer,  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1810, 
in  Bethania,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
fortieth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

LASH,  W.  A.,  railroad  president,  was 
born  June  7,  1845,  in  Walnut  Grove,  N.  C. 
In  1891  he  became  president  of  the  Cape 
Fear  and  Yaclkin  Valley  railway. 

LATANE,  JAMES  ALLEN,  reformed 
episcopal  bishop,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1831, 
in  Essex  county,  Va.  At  the  general  coun 
cil  of  the  church  in  Baltimore  in  1883  he 
was  unanimously  elected  presiding  bishop 
•of  the  reformed  episcopal  church  of  the 
United  States.  He  has  resided  in  Balti 
more.  Md.,  since  1880  in  charge  of  the 
Bishop  Gumming  Memorial  church. 

LATHAM,  CHARLES  STERRETT,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1861,  in  California.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  Translation  of  Dante's 
Eleven  Letters,  with  Explanatory  Notes 
and  Historical  Comments.  He  died  in 
1890. 

LATHAM,  EDGAR,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  12,  1873,  in  Haralson  county,  Ga. 
In  1893  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and  is 
one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Atlanta. 
He  has  contributed  extensively  to  law 
literature,  and  to  the  periodical  press  on 
various  topics. 

LATHAM,  GEORGE  ROBERT,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  9,  1832,  in  Prince  William  county, 
Va.,  in  sight  of  the 
Bull  Run  battle 
ground.  In  1852  he 
began  teaching 
school  in  Taylor  and 
Barbour  counties, 
Va.;  and  in  1859  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  He  enrolled 
company  B,  second 
regiment  Virginia 
volunteer  infantry, 
which  was  the  first 
union  company  re 
cruited  in  the  interior  of  the  state;  he 
was  promoted  to  captain  and  colonel;  and 
toward  the  close  of  the  war  was  bre- 


vetted  brigadier-general.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress,  and  during  his  term  served  on  im 
portant  committees.  He  was  subsequently 
appointed  United  States  consul  at  Mel 
bourne,  Australia,  for  three  years. 
Since  1870  Colonel  Latham  has  retired 
mostly  from  public  life,  with  the  excep 
tion  of  census  enumerator  and  county  su 
perintendent  of  schools,  and  minor  offices. 

LATHAM,  LOUIS  CHARLES,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  11, 
1840,  in  Plymouth,  N.  C.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  army  during  the  war  of 
the  rebellion,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
major.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  commons  in  1864;  and  was 
elected  a  state  senator  in  1870.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  forty-seventh  congress,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

LATHAM,  MILTON  SCOTT,  banker, 
lawyer,  congressman,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  May  23,  1827,  in 
Columbus,  Ohio.  He  removed  to  Califor 
nia  in  1850,  and  was  soon  afterwards 
chosen  district  attorney  for  the  counties 
of  Sacramento  and  El  Dorado,  which  of 
fice  he  held  in  1851.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  California  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  Having  been 
elected  go\ernor  of  California,  three  days 
after  his  inauguration,  in  January,  1860, 
he  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
California  for  six  years.  He  died  March 
4,  1882,  in  New  York  city. 

LATHBURY,  MRS.  MARY  A.,  author. 
She  is  the  author  of  That  Sweet  Story  of 
Old;  Bethlehem  and  her  Children;  Child's 
History  of  Paul;  Fleda  and  the  Voice; 
and  From  Meadow  Sweet  to  Mistletoe. 

LATHROP,  FRANCIS,  artist,  was  born 
June  22,  1849,  near  Hawaiian  Islands.  He 
has  devoted  himself  chiefly  to  mural 
painting,  stained-glass  windows,  and 
other  decorative  designs  for  public  and 
private  buildings  in  Boston,  New  York, 
Baltimore,  and  other  places.  He  furnished 
the  illustrations  for  Clarence  Cook's  House 
Beautiful,  and  for  other  artistic  publica 
tions. 

LATHROP,  GEORGE  PARSONS,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1851,  in  Ha 
waiian  Islands.  He  is  a  litterateur  of 
New  York  city,  and  more  recently  of  New 
London.  His  writings  in  verse  include, 
Rose  and  Rooftree;  Dreams  and  Days.  In 
fiction  they  comprise,  Afterglow;  An 
Echo  of  Passion;  In  the  Distance;  New 
port;  Would  You  Kill  Him?;  True;  Two 
Sides  of  a  Story;  Love  Wins;  Gold  of 
Pleasure;  Behind  Time.  Other  works  are, 
A  Study  of  Hawthorne;  Spanish  Vistas; 
and  A  Story  of  Courage:  Annals  of  the 
Georgetown  Convent. 

LATHROP,  JOHN,  journalist,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1772,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  Pocket  Register  and  Freemasons' 
Anthology.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1820,  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C. 

LATHROP,  JOHN  HIRAM,  college 
president,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1799,  in  Sher- 
burne,  N.  Y.  In  1840  he  was  elected  the 
first  president  of  the  university  of  the 
state  of  Missouri.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1866. 

LATHROP,  MRS.  MARY  T.,  educator, 
lecturer,  poet,  was  born  in  1838,  in  Con 
cord,  Mich.  She  taught  in  the  Detroit 
public  schools  for  a  while;  went  into 
evangelistic  work  in  1873;  and  for  twelve 
years  gave  all  her  time  to  that  and  the 
Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  society  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church. 

LATHROP,  MRS.  ROSE  [HAW 
THORNE],  artist,  author,  was  born  May 
20,  1851,  in  Lenox,  Mass.  She  is  the  au 


thor  of  Along  the  Shore,  a  volume  of 
verse;  and  Some  Memories  of  Hawthorne. 
LATHROP,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1771,  in 
Hampden  county,  Mass.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1818  to  1826;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  senate  for  ten  years, 
and  president  of  that  body  in  1829  and 
1830.  He  died  July  11,  1846,  in  West 
Springfield. 

LATHROP,  STANLEY  E.,  soldier,  cler 
gyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  7, 
1843,  in  Orville,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he  enlisted 
and  served  through  the  civil  war  as  a 
company  commissary  sergeant  in  the  first 
Wisconsin  ca\  airy.  He  is  now  pastor  of 
the  first  congregational  church  of  Wash- 
burn,  Wis.;  and  is  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  poems. 

LATHROP,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
17,  1825,  in  Genesee  county,  N.  Y.  He 
removed  to  Illinois  and  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  that  state  in  1856;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Illi 
nois  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

LAT1MER,  ASBURY,  agriculturist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  31,  1851,  near 
Lowndesville,  S.  C.  He  moved  to  Belton, 
S.  C.,  in  1880,  .and 
devoted  his  energies 
to  his  farm.  He  was 
elected  county  chair 
man  of  the  demo 
cratic  party  of  his 
county  in  1890;  and 
re-elected  in  1892.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third,  fi  f  t  y  - 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  dem 
ocrat. 

LATIMER,  CHARLES,  civil  engineer, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1827,  in  Wash 
ington.  D.  C.  He  is  an  engineer  of  note 
who  has  published  Roadmaster's  Assist 
ants;  The  Divining  Rod;  and  Battle  of 
Standards.  He  died  March  25,  1888,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

LATIMER,  GEORGE,  statesman,  was 
born  in  1750  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Pennsylvania  convention 
that  ratified  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States  in  1787;  a  member  of  the 
lower  house  of  the  legislature  in  1792-99; 
and  its  speaker  for  five  years.  He  died 
June  12,  1825,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LATIMER,  JAMES  ELIJAH,  educator, 
was  born  Oct.  7,  1826,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
After  holding  several  pastorates  he  was 
chosen  professor  of  historic  theology  in 
the  theological  school  of  Boston  univer 
sity.  In  1874  he  became  dean  and  profes 
sor  of  systematic  theology.  He  died  Nov. 
26,  1884,  in  Auburndale,  Mass. 

LATIMER,  MRS.  MARY  ELIZABETH 
[WORMELEY],  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1822  in  England.  She  is  an  edu 
cator  of  Baltimore;  and  the  author  of  Fa 
miliar  Talks  on  Shakespeare's  Comedies; 
France  in  the  Nineteenth  Century,  1830- 
90;  Russia  and  Turkey  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century;  England  in  the  Nineteenth  Cen 
tury;  Europe  in  Africa  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century;  and  Italy  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century. 

LATIMER,  WILLIAM  KAY,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1794,  in  Annapolis, 
Md.  He  was  appointed  a  midshipman  in 
1809;  and  was  promoted  captain  in  1843; 
and  during  the  Mexican  war  was  com 
mandant  of  the  navy-yard  at  Pensacola, 
Fla.  He  was  retired  in  1855,  and  made 
a  commodore  on  the  retired  list  in  1862. 
He  died  March  15,  1873,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRA.PHY. 


573 


LATROBE,  CHARLES  HAZLEHURST, 
soldier,  civil  engineer,  was  born  Dec.  25, 
1833,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  His  most  remark 
able  works  were  in  Peru,  about  a  dozen  in 
all;  among  them  the  Arequipa  viaduct, 
which  was  1,300  feet  long  and  65  feet  high, 
and  the  Agua  de  Verrugas  bridge,  575  feet 
long  and  263  feet  high.  This  structure 
was  built  across  one  of  the  deepest  gorges 
in  the  Andes,  and  was,  when  erected,  the 
loftiest  structure  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 

LATROBE,  FERDINAND  CLAIBORNE, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1833, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  received  a  liberal 
education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools,  and  at  St. 
James'  college  of 
Washington  county, 
Md.  He  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in 
1860;  was  elected  to 
the  Maryland  state 
legislature  in  1867, 
and  was  speaker  dur 
ing  1870-72.  In  1860 
he  was  appointed 
judge  adv  ocate-gen- 
eral,  and  assisted  in 
reorganizing  the  Maryland  militia,  under 
the  act  of  1868,  of  which  he  was  the  au 
thor.  In  1875  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Baltimore,  and  filled  that  important  office 
for  seven  terms — fourteen  years  in  all. 

LATROBE,  JOHN  HAZELHURST 
BONEVAL,  lawyer,  author,  poet,  was  born 
May  4,  1803,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
a  lawyer  of  Baltimore;  and  the  author  of 
History  of  Mason  and  Dixon's  Line; 
Three  Great  Battles;  Justices'  Practice 
under  the  Laws  of  Maryland;  Reminis 
cences  of  West  Point;  Odds  and  Ends,  a 
book  of  verse;  and  History  of  Maryland 
in  Liberia.  He  died  Sept.  11  1891,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

LATTA,  SAMUEL  ARMINIUS,  clergy 
man,  physician,  author,  was  born  April  8, 
1S04,  in  Muskingum  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
a  methodist  clergyman  of  Ohio,  subse 
quently  a  physician  in  Cincinnati,  who 
published  The  Chain  of  Sacred  Wonders. 
He  died  June  28,  1852,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

LATTIMER,  HENRY,  physician,  sur 
geon,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  24, 
1752,  in  Newport,  Del.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature;  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Delaware  from 
1793  to  1795;  and  a  senator  in  congress 
from  1795  to  1801,  when  he  resigned.  He 
died  Dec.  19,  1819,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LATTIMORE,  SAMUEL  ALLAN,  educa 
tor,  chemist,  was  born  May  31,  1828,  in 
Union  county,  Ind.  In  1860  he  was  elect 
ed  professor  of  chemistry  in  Genesee  col 
lege,  and  in  1867  was  called  to  fill  a  sim 
ilar  chair  in  the  university  of  Rochester, 
where  he  has  since  remained,  and  is  also 
a  director  of  the  Reynolds  laboratory. 

LATTIMORE,  WILLIAM,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1774,  in 
Norfolk,  Va.  He  was  a  delegate  to  con 
gress  from  Mississippi  territory  from  1803 
to  1807,  and  from  1813  to  1817.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  convention  which  framed 
the  first  constitution  of  Mississippi.  He 
died  April  3,  1843. 

LATTO,  THOMAS  CARSTAIRS,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1818,  in 
Scotland.  His  principal  work  is  The  Vil 
lage-School  Examination.  The  poems  that 
he  has  contributed  to  periodicals  include 
When  we  were  at  the  Schule;  The  Blind 
Lassie;  The  Grave  of  Sir  Walter  Scott; 
and  Lines  on  J.  Fenimore  Cooper. 

LAUGHLIN,  JAMES  LAWRENCE,  ed 
ucator,  economist,  author,  was  born  April 
2,  1850,  in  Deerfield,  Ohio.  He  is  a  politi 


cal  economist  of  note,  professor  at  Har 
vard  university  in  1883-87,  and  at  Chi 
cago  university  since  1892.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Facts  About  Money;  Study  of  Po 
litical  Economy;  Elements  of  Political 
Economy;  and  History  of  Bi-Metallism  in 
the  United  States. 

LAUGHLIN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  March  14,  1856,  in  New- 
stead,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  success  in 
the  practice  of  law;  and  in  1887  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  senate. 

LAUMAN,  JACOB  GARTNER,  soldier, 
was  born  Jan.  20,  1813,  in  Taneytown, 
Md.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  was 
made  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in 
1862.  He  died  in  February,  1867,  in  Bur 
lington,  Iowa. 

LAUNITZ,  ROBERT  EBERHARD, 
sculptor,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1806,  in  Rus 
sia.  He  has  been  called  the  father  of 
monumental  art  in  America.  Among  his 
productions  are  the  Pulaski  monument  in 
Savannah,  Ga.;  the  Battle  monument  in 
Frankfort,  Ky. ;  and  the  monument  to 
Gen.  George  H.  Thomas  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 
He  died  Dec.  13,  1870,  in  New  York  city. 

LAURENCE,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  in  1750  in  England.  In 
1775  he  was  commissioned  in  the  first  New 
York  regiment,  and  served  to  the  end  of 
the  revolutionary  war.  In  1785  and  1786 
he  was  a  member  of  the  first  congress;  in 
1789  was  elected  a  state  senator,  and  dur 
ing  that  year  was  elected  by  a  five-sixths 
vote  a  representative  in  the  federal  con 
gress,  serving  from  1789  to  1793.  He  was 
appointed  in  1794  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  New  York;  and 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  1796  to 
1800.  He  died  in  1810. 

LAURENS.  HENRY,  statesman,  was 
born  in  1724  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Carolina  congress  of 
1775,  and  elected  its  president.  He  was 
vice-president  under  the  temporary  con 
stitution.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1777  to  1780;  and 
chosen  president  of  that  body  during  the 
former  year.  He  signed  the  articles  of 
confederation.  He  died  Dec.  8,  1792,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

LAURIE,  JAMES,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  May  9,  1811,  in  Scotland.  He  built 
the  wrought-iron  bridge  across  the  Con 
necticut  river  at  Windsor  Locks,  which 
was  one  of  the  first  of  its  kind  in  the 
United  States.  He  died  March  16,  1875, 
in  Hartford,  Conn. 

LAUTERBACH,  EDWARD,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  12,  1844,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1864  he  graduated  from  the  College  of 
the  City  of  New 
York,  and  'has  at 
tained  prominence 
as  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  his 
native  city.  He  was 
instrumental  in  pro 
curing  legislation 
necessary  to  secure 
the  removal  of  the 
telegraph  poles,  and 
the  construction  ol 
sub-ways  in  the  city 
of  New  York;  and 
was  at  one  time  president  of  the  company 
hav  ing  in  charge  these  important  im 
provements.  When  the  affairs  of  the 
Brooklyn  Elevated  Railroad  company 
were  in  such  an  apparently  hopeless  con 
dition  that  the  enterprise  was  almost 
abandoned,  Mr.  Lauterbach  stepped  in  as 
a  reorganizer,  and  by  his  skillful  direc 
tion  placed  it  on  a  successful  basis.  He 
is  a  director  in  extensive  southern  rail 
way  systems,  and  in  various  other  corpo 
rations. 


LA  VALETTE,  ELIE  A.  F.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  about  1790  in  Virginia.  He  was 
a  favorite  with  Commodore  Isaac  Hull, 
and  accompanied  that  officer  when  he  took 
command  of  the  Mediterranean  squadron 
in  1837.  He  was  made  a  rear-admiral  on 
the  retired  list  on  July  16,  1862.  He  died 
Nov.  18,  1862,  in  Philadelphia. 

LAVELY,  HENRY  A.,  poet,  was  born 
Jan.  16,  1831,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  is  in 
the  insurance  business  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  \olume  of  poems 
entitled  The  Heart's  Choice. 

LAVERY,  CHARLES  J.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  editor,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1867,  in 
Clinton,  N.  Y.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  county;  attended  the  Ster 
ling  Medical  college  of  Columbus,  Ohio; 
and  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur 
geons  of  Chicago.  He  has  been  superin 
tendent  of  the  Stanley  county  board  of 
health  since  1891;  was  coroner  of  that 
county  in  1895-96;  and  since  1894  has 
been  physician  and  surgeon  to  the  Stan 
ley  County  hospital  of  South  Dakota.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  South  Dakota 
state  central  committee;  and  since  1894 
has  been  editor  of  Fairplay,  a  leading 
newspaper  of  Port  Pierre,  S.  D. 

LAVRETTA,  C.  L.,  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.  6,  1858,  in  Mobile,  Ala.  In  1892  he 
was  elected  to  the  Alabama  state  legisla 
ture  from  Mobile  county;  and  in  1894  was 
elected  mayor  of  Mobile. 

LAW,  ANDREW,  psalmodist,  author, 
was  born  in  1748,  in  Cheshire,  Conn.  He 
published  Musical  Primer;  A  Collection  of 
the  Best  and  Most  Approved  Tunes  and 
Anthems  known  to  exist,  which  was  sub 
sequently  combined  with  a  second  vol 
ume  entitled  Christian  Harmony;  Orig 
inal  Collection  of  Music;  and  Rudiments 
of  Music.  He  died  in  July,  1821,  in  Ches 
hire,  Conn. 

LAW,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1796 
in  New  London,  Conn.  He  was  elected 
a  prosecuting  attorney,  and  in  1823  a 
member  of  the  Indiana  legislature;  was 
again  elected  attorney  for  his  district, 
and  held  that  position  until  promoted  to 
a  judgeship,  which  office  he  held  by  re- 
elections  for  eight  years.  He  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  court  of  land  claims, 
to  adjudicate  the  claims  of  the  old  inhab 
itants  of  Indiana  and  Illinois,  and  was 
reappointed  in  1856.  In  1860  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  died  Oct.  7, 
1873,  in  Evansville,  Ind. 

LAW,  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  jurist,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1674,  in  Milford, 
Conn.  He  was  chosen  deputy-governor 
of  Connecticut  in  1725.  He  was  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state  from 
1725  to  1741;  and  governor  from  1741  un 
til  his  death.  He  died  Nov.  6,  1750,  in 
Connecticut. 

LAW,  LYMAN,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1770,  in 
New  London,  Conn.  After  serving  in  the 
legislature  of  Connecticut  and  being 
speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives, 
he  was  elected  to  congress  and  served 
from  1811  to  1817.  He  died  Feb.  3,  1842, 
in  New  London,  Conn. 

LAW,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  17,  1733,  in 
Milford,  Conn.  He  was  president  judge 
of  the  county  court  of  Connecticut  and 
judge  of  the  supreme  court.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1777  to  1778,  and  also  from  1781  to  1784. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  federal  constitu 
tion  he  was  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  judge,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death.  He  died  Jan.  26,  1806,  in  New 
London,  Conn. 


574 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LAWLER,  FRANK,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  25,  1842,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Chicago  city  council  in  1870, 
and  re-elected  in  1878,  1880,  1882  and  1884. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Illi 
nois  to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat.  He  died  in  1890  in 
Chicago,  111. 

LAWLER,  JOAB,  clergyman,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  June  12, 
1796,  in  North  Carolina.  In  1826  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  Ala 
bama  legislature;  and  was  re-elected  un 
til  1831,  in  which  year  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate.  In  1832  he  was  appoint 
ed  receiver  of  public  moneys  for  the  Coosa 
land  district,  and  held  the  office  until 
1835.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Alabama  from  1835  to  1838.  He 
died  May  8,  1838,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

""LAWLER,  MICHAEL  K.,  soldier,  was 

born  about  1820  in  Illinois.  At  the  begin 
ning  of  the  civil  war  he  joined  the  union 
army,  and  was  commissioned  colonel  of 
the  eighteenth  Illinois  infantry  in  1861. 
He  was  made  brigadier-general  in  1863. 

"LAWLESS,  JOSEPH  THOMAS,  lawyer, 

legislator,  was  born  May  2,  1866,  in  Ports 
mouth,  Va.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Webster  Military  institute  of  Nor 
folk,  Va.;  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
M.  A.  from  St.  Mary's  college  of  Belmont, 
N.  C.;  and  with  the  degree  of  B.  L.  from 
Richmond  college,  Va.  He  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  his  native  city;  was  journal 
clerk  in  the  house  of  delegates  of  Vir 
ginia  in  1883-89;  and  was  trustee  of  the 
public  schools  of  Portsmouth.  In  1889 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  served  with  distinction  for  four 
years.  In  1893  he  was  elected  secretary 
of  the  commonwealth,  receiving  the  re 
election  without  opposition  in  1895,  and 
again  in  1897. 

LAWRANCE,  JOHN,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  1750  in  England.  He 
was  a  United  States  senator  from  New 
York.  He  died  in  New  York  city. 

LAWRANCE,  WILLIAM  V.,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1834,  in 
Greene  county,  Ohio.  After  receiving  a 
liberal  education  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1860.  The  fol 
lowing  year  he  en 
listed  as  a  private 
soldier  in  the  union 
army  and  served  un 
til  the  close  of  the 
war.  In  1865  he  be 
gan  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in 
Waverly,  Ohio;  and 
three  years  later  set 
tled  permanently  in 
Chillicothe.  For  several  years  he  was 
assistant  quartermaster-general  of  the  de 
partment  of  the  Ohio  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  and 
author  of  two  volumes  of  verse  entitled 
Ellina;  and  The  Story  of  Judith;  and  he 
is  also  the  author  of  several  prose  works. 
LAWRENCE,  ABBOTT,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  philanthropist,  was  born  Dec. 
16,  1792,  in  Groton.  Mass.  He  served  in 
the  common  council  of  Boston  in  1831; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1835  to  1837,  and  again  in  1839  and  1840. 
In  1842  he  was  appointed  a  commissioner 
to  arrange  the  northeastern  boundary 
question;  and  was  a  presidential  elector 
in  1844.  He  founded  a  scientific  school  at 
Cambridge,  and  his  gifts  and  bequests  to 
various  charitable  and  religious  societies 
proved  him  to  be  a  man  of  many  noble 
qualities.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1855,  in  Boston. 


LAWRENCE,  AMOS  ADAMS,  mer 
chant,  was  born  July  31,  1814,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  twice  nominated  by  the 
whigs  and  unionists  for  go\ernor  of  Mas 
sachusetts.  In  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war  he  aided  in  recruiting  the  second 
Massachusetts  cavalry  regiment.  He  built 
Lawrence  hall,  the  Episcopal  Theological 
school  in  Cambridge,  and  was  its  treas 
urer  for  many  years.  He  died  Aug.  22, 
1886,  in  Nahant,  Mass. 

LAWRENCE,  CHARLES  BRUSH,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1820,  in  Ver- 
gennes,  Vt.  In  1859  he  was  elected  judge 
of  the  tenth  circuit;  and  in  1864  was 
chosen  to  the  supreme  court  of  Illinois, 
where  he  was  chief  justice  for  three  years. 
He  died  April  19,  1883,  in  Decatur,  Ala. 

LAWRENCE,  CORNELIUS  VAN 
WYCK,  lawyer,  banker,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  28,  1791,  in  Flushing,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  city  from  1832  to  1834;  for  two 
years  succeeding  was  mayor  of  the  city  of 
New  York;  and  in  1836  was  president  of 
the  electoral  college.  For  twenty  years 
he  held  the  honorable  position  of  presi 
dent  of  the  bank  of  the  state  of  New 
York.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1861,  in  Flushing, 
N.  Y. 

LAWRENCE,  EUGENE,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  10,  1823,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  an  historical  writer  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Lives  of  the  Brit 
ish  Historians;  Historical  Studies;  Es 
says  and  Papers;  Literature  Primers;  The 
Jews  and  their  Persecutors;  and  Colum 
bus  and  his  Contemporaries.  He  died  in 
1894. 

LAWRENCE,  GEORGE  V.,  agricultur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1818  in  Washington  county,  Pa.  He 
w"as  elected  to  the  state  legislature  in 
1844,  1847,  1858  and  1859;  and  to  the  state 
senate  in  1848,  1849,  1850,  1851  and  1860, 
officiating  as  speaker  during  the  last  term. 
He  frequently  served  in  the  conventions 
of  the  state;  and  in  1864  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  fortieth  and  forty-eighth  congress 
es  as  a  republican. 

LAWRENCE,  JAMES,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Oct.  1,  1781,  in  Burlington,  N.  J. 
He  is  remembered  by  every  American  as 
the  author  of  those  brave  words:  Don't 
give  up  the  ship.  On  this  occasion  he  was 
wounded  while  commanding  the  United 
States  frigate  Chesapeake,  and  the  en 
gagement  took  place  in  1814.  He  died 
June  6,  1815,  at  sea. 

LAWRENCE,  JOHN  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  served  two 
years  in  the  assembly  of  that  state  from 
Queen's  county;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1845  to  1847. 

LAWRENCE,  JOSEPH,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1788  in  Adams 
county,  Pa.  He  served  for  nine  years  in 
the  state  legislature,  two  sessions  as 
speaker,  and  one  year  as  state  treasurer. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1841  until  his  death.  He  died  April 
17,  1842,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

LAWRENCE,  MRS.  MARGARET  OLI 
VER  [WOODS],  author,  was  born  in  1813 
in  Massachusetts.  She  is  the  author  of 
Light  on  the  Dark  River;  Fading  Flow 
ers;  L'Espgrance;  The  Tobacco  Problem; 
and  Marion  Graham. 

LAWRENCE,  PHILIP  K.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist.  He  was  a  citizen  of  Louisiana;  and 
about  the  year  1838  was  appointed  United 
States  judge  for  the  two  judicial  districts 
of  Louisiana,  residing  at  New  Orleans. 


LAWRENCE,  SAMUEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  served  seven 
years  in  the  assembly  of  that  state;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1823  to  1825. 

LAWRENCE.  SIDNEY,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Vermont.  He  removed  to 
New  York;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1847  to  1849. 

LAWRENCE,  WILLIAM,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  2,  1814,  in  Washington,  Ohio.  He 
served  in  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1843; 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1848;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
Ohio  in  1850  and  1851;  and  state  senator 
in  1856  and  1857.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

LAWRENCE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  June  26,  1819,  in  Mount  Pleasant, 
Ohio.  In  1846  and  1847  he  served  in  the 
Ohio  state  legislature;  and  in  1848  was 
a  member  of  the  senate.  In  1853  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  state  senate,  and  was 
the  author  of  the  Ohio  Free  Banking  Law. 
In  1856  he  was  elected  a  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  for  five  years;  was 
re-elected  in  1861,  but  resigned  in  1864, 
when  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth,  forty- 
first,  forty-third  and  forty-fourth  con 
gresses;  and  in  1880  was  appointed  first 
comptroller  of  the  United  States  treas 
ury.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Belle- 
fontaine  National  bank  since  1871.  He 
is  the  author  of  Decisions  of  Ohio  Su 
preme  Court;  The  Treaty  Question;  Law 
of  Religious  Societies  and  Religious  Cor 
porations;  Law  of  Claims  Against  the  Gov 
ernment;  Organization  of  the  United 
States  Treasury  Department;  and  Deci 
sions  of  the  First  Comptroller  of  the 
Treasury. 

LAWRENCE,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
bishop,  author,  was  born  in  1850  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  is  the  seventh  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of  Massachusetts;  and 
the  author  of  Life  of  Amos  A.  Lawrence; 
and  Visions  and  Service,  discourses  in  col 
legiate  chapels. 

LAWRENCE,  WILLIAM  BEACH,  'law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  governor,  was  born 
Oct.  23,  1800,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
lieutenant-governor  of  Rhode  Island  in 
1851  and  1852,  and  for  a  portion  of  the 
time  acting  governor.  He  was  the  author 
of  an  address  before  the  New  York  Acad 
emy  of  Fine  Arts  in  1826;  of  a  transla 
tion  of  Marbois'  History  of  Louisiana, 
with  Essays  and  Notes,  in  1830;  Discourse 
before  the  New  York  Historical  Society 
in  1832,  of  which  society  he  was  vice-pres 
ident  from  1836  to  1845.  His  other  prin 
cipal  works  are:  Letters  on  the  Treaty 
of  Washington;  an  edition  of  Wheaton's 
Elements  of  International  Law;  Visitation 
and  Search;  Institutions  of  the  United 
States;  Commentaire  sur  les  elements  du 
droit  international;  and  Administration 
of  Equity  Jurisprudence.  He  died  March 
26,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

LAWRENCE,  WrLLIAM  T.,  soldier, 
merchant,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  May  7,  1788,  in  New  York  city. 
He  served  in  the  war  of  1812  as  a  militia 
captain  of  artillery.  In  1838  he  was 
chosen  county  judge  of  New  York;  and 
from  1847  to  1849  was  a  representative  in 
congress. 

LAWRENCE,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer, 
jurist.  He  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Florida;  and  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  court  of  that  state. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


575 


LAWRIE.  ALEXANDER,  artist,  was 
torn  in  1828  in  New  York  city.  He  has 
made  upward  of  a  thousand  crayon  heads, 
including  likenesses  of  Richard  H.  Stod- 
<J.ard  and  Thomas  Buchanan  Read. 

LAWS,  GILBERT  LAFAYETTE,  sol 
dier,  manufacturer,  journalist,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  11,  1838,  near  Ol- 
ney,  111.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  fifth 
infantry,  Wisconsin  volunteers;  was 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  Williamsburgh 
ir.  1862.  He  was  appointed  register  of  the 
United  States  land  office  at  McCook,  Neb., 
in  1883,  and  served  in  that  official  capa 
city-till  1886.  He  was  elected  secretary  of 
state  in  1886,  and  re-elected  in  1888.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 

LAWSON,  ALBERT  GALLATIN,  .cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  5,  1842,  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  In  1866  he  was  elect 
ed  chaplain  and  grand  worthy  patriarch 
of  the  state  of  New  Jersey.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Threefold  Cord;  Methods 
of  Church  Temperance  Work;  Temper 
ance  Literature;  Ambition  in  the  Minis 
try;  and  numerous  other  works. 

LAWSON,  ALEXANDER,  engraver, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1772,  in  Scotland.  His 
first  important  works  were  four  plates  for 
Thomson's  Seasons,  executed  for  Thomas 
Dobson,  bookseller,  which  attracted  much 
favorable  notice.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1846,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LAWSON,  JAMES,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  9,  1799,  in  Scotland.  He 
was  a  New  York  city  journalist;  and  the 
author  of  Tales  and  Sketches  by  a  Cos 
mopolite;  Poems;  and  Giordana,  a  trag 
edy.  He  died  March  20,  1888,  in  Yonkers, 
N.  Y. 

LAWSON,  JOHN,  surveyor,  author,  was 
born  in  England.  He  was  the  surveyor- 
general  of  North  Carolina,  and  was 
burned  at  the  stake  by  hostile  Indians. 
His  entertaining  travels  were  published 
with  the  title  of  History  of  North  Caro 
lina.  He  died  in  1712  on  the  River  Neuse, 
N.  C. 

LAWSON,  JOHN  D.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1816,  in 
Montgomery,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  merchant 
in  New  York  for  more  than  twenty-five 
years,  and  retired  from  business  in  1868. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  repub 
lican  conventions  of  1868  and  1872;  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

LAWSON,  JOHN  W.,  soldier,  physician, 
surgeon,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  13,  1837,  in  James  City  county, 
Va.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier  in 
the  thirty-second  regiment  Virginia  in 
fantry.  He  then  entered  the  medical  de 
partment  Confederate  States  of  America; 
and  served  as  surgeon  in  charge  of  artil 
lery  battalion.  He  was  elected  to  the 
house  of  delegates,  and  re-elected  a  sec 
ond  term.  He  was  elected  to  the  Virginia 
state  senate  and  served  four  years;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

LAWSON,  LEONIDAS  MOREAU,  edu 
cator,  physician,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
10,  1812,  in  Nicholas  county,  Ky.  He  was 
the  earliest  writer  of  acknowledged  abil 
ity  on  medical  subjects  in  the  valley  of 
the  Mississippi.  He  published  an  edition 
of  Dr.  James  Hope's  Morbid  Anatomy; 
and  Practical  Treatise  on  Phthisis  Pulmo- 
nalis,  which  was  highly  praised,  and  be 
came  a  standard  both  in  the  United  States 
and  abroad.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1864,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

LAWSON,  LOUISE,  artist,  was  born  in 
1861  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Among  her 
works  are  the  Rhodian  Boy;  Avaconara; 
and  II  Pastore. 


LAWSON,  MARTIN  EMERT,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  May  15,  1867,  near  Mer- 
cersburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Liberty,  Mo.;  has  been  curator  of  the 
Woodson  institute  of  Richmond,  Mo.;  and 
is  prominent  in  religious  and  educational 
circles  of  his  county  and  state. 

LAWSON,  MARY  LOCKHART,  poet 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  pub 
lished  poems  in  the  Knickerbocker  and 
Graham's  Magazine  that  were  character 
ized  by  tender  feeling  and  pleasing  fancy 
She  occasionally  wrote  in  the  Scottish 
dialect. 

LAWSON,  RICHARD  FRANKLIN, 
journalist,  poet,  lecturer,  was  born  May 
22,  1860,  in  Vandalia,  111.  He  is  the  editor 
and  owner  of  the  Republican  of  Effing- 
ham,  111.;  and  a  poet  ana  lecturer  well 
known  in  the  west. 

LAWSON,  THOMAS,  soldier,  surgeon, 
was  born  about  1781,  in  Virginia.  He  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  for  meritor 
ious  conduct  as  chief  medical  officer  of 
the  United  States  forces  in  the  Mexican 
war.  He  died  May  16,  1861,  in  Norfolk 
Va. 

LAWSON,  THOMAS  G.,  farmer,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1848,  in  Putnam  county,  Ga.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Georgia  legislature  in 
1861  and  re-elected  in  1863  and  1865.  He 
was  elected  by  the  general  assembly  in 
1878  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  the 
Ocmulgee  circuit,  and  re-elected  without 
opposition  in  1882;  and  in  1886  retired 
from  the  bench  to  his  farm.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third  and 
the  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

LAWSON,  VICTOR  FREMONT,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1850,  in  Chicago. 
He  is  president  and  sole  owner  of  the 
Daily  News  and  the  Record  in  Chicago, 

LAWTON,  ALEXANDER  ROBERT, 
soldier,  lawyer,  railroad  president,  state 
senator,  was  born  about  1818,  in  Beaufort 
county,  S.  C.  He  was  president  of  the  Sa 
vannah  and  Augusta  railroad  in  1849-54, 
and  state  senator  in  1854-61.  In  1861  he 
became  brigadier-general  in  the  provis 
ional  confederate  army,  and  was  put  in 
command  of  the  coast  of  Georgia. 

LAWTON,  WILLIAM  CRANSTON,  ed 
ucator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  in  1853, 
in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a  classical  teach 
er  and  lecturer,  formerly  of  Cambridge, 
now  of  Brooklyn,  and  professor  in  Adel- 
phi  college  there.  He  is  the  author  of 
Three  Dramas  of  Euripides;  Folia  Dis- 
persa,  a  book  of  verse;  and  Art  and  Hu 
manity  in  Homer. 

LAWYER,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assem 
bly  from  Schoharie  county  in  1816;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1817  to  1819. 

LAY,  ALFRED  MORRISON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  20, 
1836,  in  Lewis  county,  Mo.  He  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  attorney  for  the 
western  district  of  Missouri.  He  resigned 
in  1861  and  entered  the  confederate  army, 
and  served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  major.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1879. 

LAY,  BENJAMIN,  philanthropist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1681,  in  England.  He 
was  a  benevolent  and  eccentric  Quaker; 
and  the  author  of  several  treatises  and 
religious  works,  which  were  published  by 
Benjamin  Franklin.  He  died  in  1760, 
near  Abington,  Pa. 

LAY,  GEORGE  v\r.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  July  27  1798  in 
Catskill,  N.  Y.  In  1833  he  was  elected 
to  the  assembly  of  New  York;  and  to 


congress  in  1833-37.    He  died  Oct.  21    1860 
in  Batavia,  N.  Y. 

LAY,  HENRY  CHAMPLIN,  bishop  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1823;  in  Richmond, 
Va.  He  was  the  first  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop  of  Easton  (Maryland)  but 
from  1859  to  1869  the  third  bishop  of  Ar 
kansas.  He  was  the  author  of  Studies 
in  the  Church;  and  The  Church  ana  the 
Nation.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1885,  in  Easton 
Md. 

LAY,  JAMES  H.,  lawyer,  legislator  jur 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1844,  in  Benton 
county,  Mo.  In  1875  and  1883  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Missouri  house  of  repre 
sentatives  from  Warsaw.  He  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  circuu  court  in  1891 
to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  elected  to  that 
office  in  1892. 

LAY,  JOHN  L.,  civil  engineer,  invent 
or,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1832,  in  Buffalo 
N.  Y.  In  1867  he  invented  the  submarine 
torpedo  that  bears  his  name,  which  has 
since  become  the  property  of  the  United 
States  government. 

LAY,  OLIVER  INGRAHAM,  artist,  was 
born  in  1845,  in  New  York  city.  His 
works  include  portraits  of  Edwin  Booth 
as  Hamlet,  Cyrus  W.  Field,  Miss  Fidelia 
Bridges,  Henry  A.  Ferguson,  and  Wins- 
low  Homer,  N.  A.;  Watching  the  Snow; 
and  The  Two  Friends. 

LAYNG,  JAMES  D.,  civil  engineer,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  Aug.  30  1833 
in  Columbia,  Pa.  In  1849  he  graduated 
from  the  Western  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  and  has  attained  prominence  as  a 
civil  engineer  and  railway  manager,  with 
headquarters  in  New  York  city.  He  has 
been  chief  engineer  and  superintendent  of 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  and  St. 
Louis  railway;  general  manager  of  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago  rail 
way  company;  and  president  of  the  Cleve 
land,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  and  Indianap 
olis  Railway  company.  He  is  now  second 
vice-president  and  general  manager  of  the 
West  Shore  Railway  company;  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Cleveland,  Columbus, 
Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis  Railway  com 
pany. 

LAYTON,  FERNANDO  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,    was    uorn    April    11,    1847,    in 
Anglaize  county,  Ohio.     He  was  a  county 
school  examiner  for 
several    years;     and 
was   prosecuting   at 
torney   during   1875- 
78.     In  1863   he  was 
captain  of  the  Home 
guard;    was    captain 
of  company  G,  Ohio 
national  guard    dur 
ing  1878-83;  and  cap 
tain  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias  during  1886- 
91.     In  1890  he  was 
elected  to  the   fifty- 
second     congress    as    a    democrat;     and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses.     He  declined  a  fourth 
term,  and  settled  down  to  the  practice  of 
law  in  Wapakoneta,  Ohio. 

LAZARUS,  EMMA,  poet,  was  born  July 
22,  1849,  in  New  York  city.  She  was  a 
talented  Jewish  writer  of  New  York  city 
who  wrote  much  in  verse  and  prose  for 
the  Century  and  other  periodicals.  She 
was  the  author  of  Alide,  an  Episode  of 
Goethe's  Life;  Poems;  Admetus  and 
Other  Poems;  Songs  of  a  Semite;  and 
Poems  and  Ballads  Translated  from 
Heine.  She  died  Nov.  19,  1887  in  New 
York  city. 

LAZARUS,  JOSEPHINE,  author.  She 
is  the  author  of  The  Spirit  of  Judaism; 
and  The  Love-Letters  of  a  Portuguese 
Nun,  a  translation  from  the  French. 


576 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LAZEAR,  JESSE,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  12,  1804,  in  Greene  county,  Pa. 
In  1860  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress;  and  in  1862  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

LAZELLE,  HENRY  MARTYN,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  »,  18^2,  in  Enfield, 
Mass.  He  is  a  United  States  army  of 
ficer,  since  1887  in  charge  of  the  bureau 
of  war  records,  and  the  author  of  One 
Law  in  Nature;  ana  Improvements  in  the 
Art  of  War. 

LAZENBY,  WILLIAM  RANE,  horticul 
turist,  educator,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1852,  in 
Benton,  N.  Y.  In  1881  he  was  called  to 
the  chair  of  botany  and  horticulture  in 
the  Ohio  state  university,  and  in  1883  he 
received  the  additional  appointment  of 
director  of  the  Ohio  experiment  station. 

LEA,  HENRY  CHARLES,  journalist, 
publisher,  author,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1825, 
in  Philadelphia.  He  is  a  prominent  writer 
and  publisher  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Superstition  and  Force;  An  His 
torical  Sketch  of  Sacerdotal  Celibacy  in 
the  Christian  Church;  Chapters  from  the 
Religious  History  of  Spain;  Studies  in 
Church  History;  Translations  and  Other 
Rhymes;  and  History  of  the  Inquisition. 

LEA,  ISAAC,  journalist,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  March  4,  1792,  in  Wil 
mington,  Del.  He  was  a  publisher  and 
naturalist  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author 
of  Contributions  to  Geology;  observa 
tions  on  the  Genus  Unio,  in  thirteen  vol 
umes;  and  Fossil  Footmarks  in  the  Reu 
Sandstones  of  Pottsvine.  He  died  Dec. 
8,  1886,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LEA,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1818,  in  Knox- 
ville,  Tenn.  He  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  in  1842;  and  in 
1850  elected  mayor  of  Nashville.  He  ac 
cepted  the  appointment  of  judge  of  the 
circuit  court  of  Tennessee.  In  1875  he  was 
elected  to  the  Tennessee  state  senate, 
where  he  opposed  every  suggestion  for  re 
pudiation  of  the  public  debt.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Tennessee  historical  society. 

LEA,  LUKE,  soldier,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1782,  in  Surry  county,  N.  C. 
He  served  gallantly  in  Florida  and  in  the 
Creek  county  under  General  Jackson  in 
the  Indian  wars.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Tennessee  from  1833  to 
1837.  For  thirty  years  he  discharged  the 
duties  of  cashier  of  the  state  bank,  and 
register  of  the  state  land  office  of  Ten 
nessee.  He  died  June  17,  1851,  near  Fort 
Leavenworth,  Kan. 

LEA,  MATTHEW  CAitEY,  chemist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1823,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  a  chemist  of  Philadel 
phia  whose  Manual  of  Photography  is  a 
standard  work. 

LEA,  PRYOR,  soldier,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1794,  in  Knox  county, 
Tenn.  He  served  in  the  Creek  war 
in  1813.  He  was  United  States  district  at 
torney  in  1824;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Tennessee  from  1827  to 
1831.  In  1837  he  moved  to  Jackson,  Miss.; 
and  in  1847  to  Goliad,  Texas.  He  project 
ed  the  work  called  the  Central  Transit, 
for  building  a  railroad  from  Arkansas 
Bay  to  Mazatlan;  and  was  president  of 
the  company. 

LEA,  SUMTER,  soldier,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Feb.  Iti,  1835,  in  Marion, 
Ala.  He  attended  the  university  of  Ala 
bama;  and  has  attained  success  as  one  of 
the  leading  lawyers  of  his  native  state. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention;  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Alabama  state  legislature; 
and  during  the  war  was  a  staff  officer  in 
the  confederate  army. 


LEACH,  ANTOINETTE  DAKIN,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  was  born  April  3,  1859,  in 
Indianapolis,  Ind.  During  1875-79  she 
was  a  teacher  in  the 
public  schools  of  her 
native  state;  and 
during  1887-93  was  a 
court  reporter  and 
teacher  of  stenog 
raphy.  By  decision 
of  the  supreme  court 
of  Indiana  she  was 
granted  permission 
to  practice  law  in 
1893;  and  she  has 
since  attained  suc 
cess  in  her  chosen 
profession  in  Sullivan,  Ind.  In  1896  she 
was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic  state 
convention;  and  was  the  first  woman 
delegate  who  ever  attended  a  democratic 
state  convention  in  Indiana;  as  she  also 
was  the  first  woman  ever  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  her  state.  She  is  the  wife  of  George 
W.  Leach,  a  successful  farmer  and  stock 
breeder. 

LEACH,  DE  WITT  C.,  state  librarian, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1822,  in  Clarence,  N.  Y.  He  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  Michigan  legisla 
ture  in  1849;  and  was  state  librarian  in 
1855  and  1856.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress 
from  Michigan;  and  was  re-elected  to  ihe 
thirty-sixth  congress. 

LEACH,  FRANK  WILLING,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1855,  in  Cape 
May,  N.  J.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  the  author  of  The 
Signers  of  tne  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence:  Their  Ancestors  and  Descendants. 

LEACH,  JAMES  MADISON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  scate  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1824  in  Landsdowne,  N.  C.  He 
served  ten  years  in  the  legislature  o£ 
North  Carolina;  and  in  1856  was  a  presi 
dential  elector.  In  1850  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  that  state  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  He  served  in  the 
confederate  army;  and  was  in  the  confed 
erate  congress.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  after  the  rebellion,  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses  as  a  conservative. 

LEADBETTER,  D.  P.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  moved  to 
Ohio;  and  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  183V  to  1841. 

LEAKE,  SHELTON  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1812,  in 
Albemarle  county,  Va.  In  1842  he  was 
elected  to  the  Virginia  house  of  delegates; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1845  to  1847.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1849;  in  1851  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Virginia; 
and  was  a  candidate  for  governor  in  1854, 
but  was  defeated.  In  1859  he  was  elected 
to  the  federal  house  of  representatives 
for  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He  took 
part  in  the  rebellion. 

LEAKE,  WALTER,  soldier,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  about 
1780,  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the 
revolutionary  war.  He  served  as  senator 
of  the  United  States  from  1817  to  1820; 
and  in  1821  was  elected  governor  of  Mis 
sissippi.  He  died  Nov.  17,  1825,  in  Mount 
Salus,  Miss. 

LEAMING,  JEREMIAH,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1717,  in  Middletown, 
Conn.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Connecticut,  and  the  author  of  Defense  of 
Episcopal  Government;  Evidences  of  the 
Truth  of  Christianity;  and  Dissertations. 
He  died  in  September,  1804,  in  New 
haven,  Conn. 


LEAMING,  THOMAS,  soldier,  patriot, 
was  born  Aug.  20,  1748.  He  possessed  a 
large  landed  estate  in  New  Jersey;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  of  1776 
to  frame  a  constitution  for  that  state  and 
declare  its  independence.  He  died  in. 
1797,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LEARNED,  AMASA,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  15,  1750,  in  Killingly,  Conn. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1801  to  1805;  and  in, 
1818  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention. 

LEARNED,  WALTER,  author,  poet, 
was  born  June  22,  1847,  in  New  London, 
Conn.  He  is  a  poet  of  New  London  who 
has  published  Be 
tween  Times,  a  col 
lection  of  poems; 
and  translated  Tea 
Tales  from  Coppee. 
He  has  also  contrib 
uted  extensively  on 
various  subjects  to 
the  leading  news 
papers  and  maga 
zines  of  the  United 
States;  and  his 
poems  have  been 
given  a  place  in  a 
number  of  standard  collections. 

LEARNED,  WILLIAM  LAW,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  July  24,  1821,  in  New 
London,  Conn.  He  entered  into  the  active 
practice  of  law  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  has 
been  presiding  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  York  state. 

LEARY,  CORNELIUS  L.,  business  man, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1813,  ii> 
Baltimore,  Md.  In  1856  he  was  a  presi 
dential  elector;  and  in  1861  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Maryland  to  the- 
thirty-seventh  congress. 

LEARY,  JAMES  DANIEL,  was  born. 
Sept.  25,  1837,  in  New  Yanda,  Canada. 
The  total  number  of  vessels  built  by  Mr. 
Leary  is  about  three- 
hundred  and  ninety. 
A  large  plant  has 
j  come  into  existence 
I  for  the  performance 
I  of  this  work,  the  ship- 
I  and  lumber  -yards 
I  combined  having  a 
I  water  front  of  one 
*  thousand  one  hun- 
l  dred  feet,  and  cover 
ing  an  area  of  four 
city  blocks.  He  also 
devoted  himself  to 
the  construction  of  improvements  and 
public  works.  He  has  built  water  bat 
teries,  piers  and  dikes  and  dredged  har 
bors  for  the  United  States  government. 
Since  1882  he  has  been  largely  occupied 
with  contract  work  along  the  Harlem 
river. 

LEARY,  ROSS,  journalist,  was  born  in 
1861,  in  Chowan  county,  N.  C.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Farmers'  Alliance 
of  his  county;  and  is  the  editor  and  own 
er  of  the  Blackwater  Courier  of  Franklin, 
Va.,  where  he  is  prominently  identified 
with  the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and 
state. 

LEAVENWORTH,  ELIAS  WARNER, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1803,  in  Canaan,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  in 
1835  from  Syracuse.  N.  Y.;  and  in  1836 
was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  the 
state  artillery.  He  was  mayor  of  Syra 
cuse  from  1849  to  3859;  a  member  of  the 
legislature  from  1850  to  1857;  and  secre 
tary  of  state  in  1854  and  1855.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress.  He  died 
Nov.  25,  1887,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


577 


LEAVENWORTH,  HENRY,  soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  10,  1783,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  was  a  general  in  the  war  of 
1812.  He  established  several  military 
posts  on  the  frontier,  one  of  which  formed 
the  nucleus  of  the  present  flourishing  city 
of  Leavenworth,  Kan.  He  died  July  21, 
1834,  in  Cross  Timbers,  I.  T. 

LEAVITT,  DUDLEY,  almanac  maker, 
was  born  May  23,  1772,  in  Exeter,  N.  H. 
He  was  known  throughout  his  native 
state  as  Old  Master  Leavitt,  and  made  its 
almanacs  for  over  half  a  century.  He 
also  edited  the  Gilmanton  Gazette  and 
New  Hampshire  Register.  He  died  Sept. 
15,  1851,  in  Meredith,  N.  H. 

LEAVITT,  E.  BRADFORD,  clergyman, 
theologian,  was  born  June  4,  1868,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  For  several  years  he  was  pas 
tor  of  the  Unitarian  church  of  Brattleboro, 
Vt. ;  and  is  now  the  popular  pastor  of  All 
Souls'  church  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

LEAVITT,  HUMPHREY  HOWE,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  June  18,  1796,  in  Suffieid,  Conn. 
He  served  in  the  state  legislature  in  1825 
and  1826;  and  in  the  senate  in  1827.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1831  to  1834;  and  was  for  many  years 
judge  of  the  district  court  of  Ohio.  He 
died  in  March,  1873,  in  Springfield,  Ohio. 

LEAVITT,  JOHN  McDOWELL,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  b'orn  May  10,  1824, 
in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  He  was  an  episco 
pal  clergyman,  and  the  author  of  Faith, 
a  poem;  Afranius;  The  Siege  of  Babylon, 
a  tragedy;  Hymns  to  Our  King;  New 
World  Tragedies  from  Old  World  Life; 
Reasons  for  Faith;  and  Visions  of  So- 
lyma.  He  died  in  1888. 

LEAVITT,  JOSHUA,  reformer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  8,  1794,  in  Heath,  Mass. 
He  organized  one  of  the  first  Sabbath- 
schools  in  western  Massachusetts.  He 
prepared  a  new  reading  book,  called  Easy 
Lessons  in  Reading.  He  died  Jan.  16, 
1873,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

LEAVITT,  MARY  A.,  poet,  was  born 
in  Vernon,  Ind.  She  is  the  daughter  of  il 
lustrious  parentage.  Her  father,  Dr.  Ezra 
Fitch  Peabody,  be 
ing  a  direct  descend 
ant  of  John  Alden 
and  Priscilla  Mul- 
lins,  the  story  of 
whose  courtship  and 
marriage  Longfel 
low  has  immortal 
ized  in  the  Court 
ship  of  Miles  Stand- 
ish.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of 
poems;  and  temper 
ance  and  missions 
have  especially  enlisted  her  voice  and 
pen.  She  is  the  wife  of  Robert  Leavitt, 
a  prominent  merchant  of  Vernon,  Ind. 

LEAVITT,  MARY  CLEMENT,  educator, 
lecturer,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1830,  in  Hop- 
kinton,  N.  H.  She  is  a  successful  lecturer 
on  temperance,  mis 
sions,  white  cross, 
equal  suffrage,  trav 
els,  and  other  sub 
jects;  and  her  great 
work  has  been  in  or 
ganizing  theWorld's 
Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  union; 
of  which  she  is  the 
honorary  life  presi 
dent.  For  twenty 
years  she  taught  her 
own  school  for 
young  ladies  and  children  in  Boston, 
where  she  was  also  a  salaried  church 
singer. 

37 


LEAVI1T,  SAMUEL,  author.  He  is  a 
journalist  of  Joliet,  111.;  and  the  author  of 
Dictator  Grant;  Our  Money  Wars;  and 
other  works  on  economy. 

LEAVITT,  SAMUEL  DEAN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1837, 
in  Eastport,  Maine,  which  has  always 

been     his     place     of 

residence.  He  re 
ceived  a  liberal  ed 
ucation  in  the  com 
mon  schools  and  at 
Franklin  and 
Dunne's  academy.  In 
1861  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar;  and  in 
October  of  the  same 
year  raised  a  com 
pany  and  was  com 
missioned  first  lieu 
tenant  of  company 
A,  fifteenth  regiment  Maine  volunteer  in 
fantry,  and  served  with  his  regiment  in 
the  department  of  the  Gulf.  He  served  as 
judge  advocate  on  General  Chamberlain's 
staff.  In  1873  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  Maine  state  legislature,  and 
received  the  re-election  for  a  second  term. 
In  1879  he  was  elected  adjutant-general 
of  the  state.  In  1876  he  was  a  delegate  at 
large  to  the  national  convention  that 
nominated  Tilden.  In  1886  he  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  customs.  In  1893  he 
was  instrumental  in  making  Eastport  a 
city,  and  was  elected  its  first  mayor.  In 
1895  he  was  appointed  a  commissioner 
to  codify  the  laws  for  the  national  guard; 
was  a  commissioner  to  the  Mexican  expo 
sition;  is  a  prominent  member  of  several 
fraternal  orders;  and  has  always  been 
prominently  identified  with  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

LE  BLOND,  FRANCIS  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Ohio.  In  1851  he 
was  elected  for  two  years  to  the  Ohio 
state  legislature;  was  re-elected  in  1853, 
and  served  as  speaker  of  that  body.  In 
1862  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress. 

LE  CLAIR,  JOSEPH  CLARENCE,  law 
yer,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1871,  in  Green  Bay, 
Wis.  After  receiving  a  liberal  educa 
tion,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and  .has 
since  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
in  his  native  city. 

LECOMPTE,  JOSEPH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Woodford  county,  Ky.  -He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1825  to  1833. 

LECOMPTE,  SAMUEL  D.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Kansas;  and 
took  a  leading  part  in  the  affairs  of  that 
territory. 

LE  CONTE,  JOHN,  physician,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1818,  in  Lib 
erty  county,  Ga.  He  was  a  naturalist  and 
physician;  president  of  the  university  of 
California  in  1875-81;  and  professor  of 
physics  there  before  and  after  his  presi 
dency.  He  was  the  author  of  Philosophy 
of  Medicine;  Study  of  the  Physical  Sci 
ences;  and  Vital  Statistics.  He  died  in 
1891. 

LE  CONTE,  JOHN  EATON,  civil  engi 
neer,  naturalist,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
22,  1784,  near  Shrewsbury,  N.  J.  He  is  a 
naturalist  who  in  early  life  served  in  the 
corps  of  army  engineers  with  the  rank  of 
major.  He  was  the  author  of  Monographs 
of  North  American  Species  of  Utricularia, 
Gratiola,  and  Ruellia;  and  North  Amer 
ican  Species  of  Viola.  He  died  Nov.  21, 
I860,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


LE  CONTE,  JOHN  LAWRENCE,  ento 
mologist,  author,  was  born  May  13,  1825, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  an  entomolo 
gist  of  distinction;  and  the  author  of 
List  of  Coleoptera  of  North  America,  and 
other  technical  publications.  He  died 
Nov.  15,  1883,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LE   CONTE,   JOSEPH,   educator,   geol 
ogist,  scientist,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1823,  in 
Liberty  county,  Ga.     Le  Conte  is  distin 
guished    in    the    an 
nals     of     American 
|    science;      and      has 
served    as    president 
of  the  American  As 
sociation  for  the  Ad 
vancement     of     Sci- 
j    ence.      In     1851,     in 
company  with  Agas- 
siz,    he    studied    the 
keys     and     reefs    of 
Florida.       During 
1852-56  he  filled  the 
chair  of  geology  and 

natural  history  in  the  university  of  Geor 
gia;  when  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of 
chemistry  and  geology  in  the  South  Caro 
lina  college;  and  has  since  been  connect 
ed  with  many  institiuions  of  learning.  Iii 
1857  he  delivered  lectures  on  Coal  and  on 
Coral  Reefs  before  the  Smithsonian  insti 
tution.  He  is  the  author  of  Elements  of 
Geology,  a  text  booK  for  colleges  and  for 
the  general  reader;  and  a  dozen  other 
works  on  kinared  topics.  Besides  geol 
ogy,  he  has  devoted  his  attention  very 
largely  to  the  pnenomena  and  theory  of 
binocular  vision;  and  during  1869-77  pub 
lished  various  investigations  on  that  sub 
ject.  He  is  also  the  author  of  two  vol 
umes  of  essays;  and  his  latest  book  is 
entitled  Evolution  and  Its  Relation  to 
Religious  Thought.  He  is  now  connected 
with  the  university  of  California. 

LE  CONTE,  LEWIS,  naturalist,  was 
born  Aug.  4,  1782,  near  Shrewsbury,  N.  J. 
He  established  a  botanical  garden  on  his 
plantation  in  Georgia,  which  was  espec 
ially  rich  in  bulbous  plants  irom  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  and  a  laboratory  in  which 
he  tested  the  discoveries  of  the  chemists 
of  the  day.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1838,  in  Lib 
erty  county,  Ga. 

LE  COUNT,  JAMES  M.,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1835,  in  Lyons, 
N.  Y.  Since  1876  he  has  been  the  editor 
and  owner  of  the  Press  of  Hartford,  Wis. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems 
entitled  The  Hermit  of  Holy  Hill. 

LE  DUC,  WILLIAM  GATES,  soldier, 
railroad  builder,  was  born  March  29,  1823, 
in  Wilkesville,  Ohio.  At  the  breaking  out 
of  the  civil  war  he  entered  the  union 
army  as  captain  and  assistant  quarter 
master;  joined  the  army  of  the  Tennes 
see,  where  he  became  chief  quartermas 
ter;  and  was  promoted  to  brevet  briga 
dier-general.  He  was  appointed  commis 
sioner  of  agriculture  at  Washington,  in 
which  position  he  served  four  years. 

LEDYARD,  HENRY,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  March  3,  1812,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  state  senate  in  1857-58;  and  sub 
sequently  was  assistant  secretary  of  state 
at  Washington,  D.  C.  He  died  in  1880,  in 
London,  England. 

LEDYARD,  HENRY  BROCKHOLST, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1844, 
in  France.  In  1883  he  became  president 
of  the  Michigan  Central  railroad  at  De 
troit. 

LEDYARD,  JOHN,  traveler,  was  born 
in  1751,  in  Groton,  Conn.  He  fitted  him 
self  for  a  missionary  to  the  Indians;  but 
subsequently  embarked  with  Captain 
Cook  on  his  last  voyage  around  the  world. 
He  died  Jan.  17,  1789,  in  Cairo,  Egypt. 


578 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LEE,  ALBERT  LINDLEY,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1834,  in  Ful 
ton,  N.  Y.  He  removed  to  Kansas,  where 
he  was  judge  of  the  state  supreme  court 
in  1861.  He  became  major  of  the  seventh 
Kansas  cavalry  in  that  year;  and  was 
commissioned  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers. 

LEE,  ALFRED,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  9,  1807,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 
He  was  the  first  protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Delaware,  and  prominent  as  a 
low  churchman.  He  was  the  author  01 
The  Harbinger  of  Christ;  Life  of  St. 
Peter;  Eventful  Nights  in  Bible  History; 
Life  of  St.  John;  and  Treatise  on  Bap 
tism.  He  died  April  12,  1887,  in  Wilming 
ton,  Del. 

LEE.  ANDREW,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  7,  1745,  in  Lyme,  Conn. 
Among  his  publications  are  «.n  Inquiry 
Whether  it  be  the  Duty  of  Man  to  be  Will 
ing  to  Suffer  Damnation  for  the  Divine 
Glory;  The  Declensions  of  Christianity 
an  Argument  for  Its  Truth;  and  Sermons 
on  Various  Important  Subjects.  He  died 
Aug.  25,  1832,  in  Lisbon,  Conn. 

LEE.  ANN,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1736,  in 
England.  She  was  the  founaer  ot  the 
religion  of  the  so-called  Shakers.  She 
died  Sept.  8,  1784,  in  Watervliet,  N.  Y. 

LEE,  ARTHUR,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  20,  1740,  in  Stratford,  Va.  In  1781  he 
was  elected  to  the  assembly  of  Virginia, 
but  was  immediately  chosen  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1785.  He  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  treasury,  which  office  he 
held  until  1789.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1792,  in 
Urbana,  Va. 

LEE,  BENJAMIN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  26.  1833,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 
He  is  a  physician  of  Philadelphia,  and 
the  author  of  Treatment  for  Angular  Cur 
vature  of  the  Spine;  and  Tracts  on  Mas 
sage. 

LEE.  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1841,  in 
Gouldtown,  N.  J.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman  of  African  birth;  president  of 
Wilberforce  university  since  1876.  and  the 
author  of  Wesley  the  Worker;  and 
Causes  of  the  Success  of  Methodism. 

LEE,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  state  legisla 
tor,  was  born  in  1758,  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  appointed  attorney-gen 
eral  of  the  United  States  in  1795.  serving 
until  1801.  He  died  June  24,  1815,  in 
Farquhar  county,  Va. 

LEE,  CHARLES  ALFRED,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Marcn  3,  1810,  in  Salis 
bury,  Conn.  He  was  a  physician  of  New 
York  city  who  published  Elements  of 
Geology  for  Popular  Use;  and  Human 
Physiology.  He  died  Feb.  4,  1872,  in 
Pcekskill,  N.  Y. 

LEE,  CHARLES  ARNOLD,  journalist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1845, 
in  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  Since  1878  he  has 
been  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Gazette  and  Chronicle.  In  1880  and 
1881  he  was  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Is 
land  assembly. 

LEE,  CHARLES  STEPHEN,  soldier, 
farmer,  merchant,  legislator,  was  born 
Feb.  3.  1834,  in  Greensboro,  Ga.  He  has 
filled  numerous  public  offices  of  trust; 
was  a  member  of  the  Alabama  state  legis 
lature  in  1872-73;  and  in  1896  was  elected 
a  state  senator  from  the  twenty-first  dis 
trict.  During  the  war  he  served  as  second 
lieutenant  of  the  first  Alabama  cavalry, 
and  was  afterward  transferred  to  the 
sixth  Alabama  cavalry,  and  made  captain 
of  company  A.  He  is  a  successful  farmer 
and  merchant  of  Brewion,  Ala.;  and  al 
though  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  never 
practiced  that  profession  to  any  extent. 


LEE,  CHAUi\CEi.  clergyman,  author, 
vas  born  July  10,  1718,  in  Coventry,  Conn. 
He  was  skilled  in  music,  composed  verses, 
and  was  a  classical  scholar.  His  publica 
tions  include  an  arithmetic;  a  Poetical 
Version  of  the  Book  of  Job;  Sermons  for 
Revivals;  and  Letters  from  Aristarchus 
to  Philemon.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1842,  in 
Hartwick,  N.  Y. 

LEE,  DAY  KELLOGG,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  iO,  1816,  in  Sempron- 
ius,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  universalist  clergy 
man  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of 
Summerfield,  or  Life  on  a  Farm;  Master 
Builders,  or  Life  at  a  Trade;  and  Merri- 
mack.  or  Life  at  a  i^oom.  He  died  June 
2,  1869,  in  New  York  city. 

LEE,  ELEANOR  P.,  poet,  was  born  in 
1817,  near  Natchez,  i.nss.  She  became  a 
noted  poet  of  the  south.  She  died  in  1849. 

LEE,  MRS.  ELIZA  (BUCKMINSTER), 
author,  was  born  in  1794,  in  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.  She  was  the  author  of  Life  of 
Richter;  Sketches  of  a  New  England  Vil 
lage;  Naomi;  Florence,  the  Parish  Or 
phan;  and  Parthenia,  or  the  Last  Days 
of  Paganism.  She  died  June  22,  1864,  in 
Brookline,  Mass. 

LEE,  FITZHUGH,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  Nov.  19,  1835,  in  Clermont,  Va. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  civil  war 
he  joined  the  confederate  army;  and  was 
at  once  appointed  adjutant-general  of  a 
brigade;  was  soon  promoted  a  major- 
general.  In  1885  he  was  elected  governor 
of  the  state  of  Virginia.  In  1896-98  he 
was  United  States  consul-general  at  Ha 
vana. 

LEE,  FRANCIS  LIGHTFOOT,  signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  was 
born  Oct.  24,  1734,  in  Stratford,  Va.  In 
1765  and  1766  he  was  elected  to  the  house 
of  burgesses,  and  was  a  strong  advocate 
of  equal  rights.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1775  to  1780; 
and  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence,  and  also  the  articles  of  confedera 
tion.  He  also  served  in  the  state  legis 
lature.  He  died  April  3.  1797,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va. 

LEE,    GEORGE    WASHINGTON    CUS- 
TIS,  soldier,  educator,   college   president, 
was  born  Sept.  16,  1832,  in  Fortress  Mon- 
•  roe,    Va.      After    re 

ceiving  a  liberal  ed 
ucation  he  was  given 
an  appointment  to 
the  United  States 
military  academy  of 
West  Point,  from 
which  institution  he 
graduated  in  1854. 
He  was  then  as 
signed  to  the  corps 
of  engineers,  United 
States  army,  with 
the  rank  of  brevet 
second  lieutenant;  and  in  due  course  of 
time  became  first  lieutenant.  In  1SB1  he 
was  appointed  aide-de-camp  to  the  presi 
dent  of  the  southern  confederacy,  with 
the  rank  of  colonel;  in  1863  was  made 
brigadier-general;  and  in  1864  he  was 
made  major-general.  In  1865  he  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  chair  of  civil  and  military 
engineering  at  the  Virginia  military  in 
stitute  of  Lexington,  Va.  He  held  that 
office  until  1871,  since  which  time  he  has 
filled  the  duties  of  president  of  the  Wash 
ington  and  I^ee  university. 

LEE,  GIDEON,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  27,  1778,  in  Amherst, 
Mass.  He  was  at  one  time  mayor  of 
New  York.  He  was  a  presidential  elect 
or;  and  was  a  member  of  congress  dur 
ing  the  years  1836  and  1837.  He  died 
Aug.  21,  1841,  in  Geneva,  N.  Y. 


LEE,  MRS.  HANNAH  FARNHAM 
(SAWYER),  author,  was  born  in  1780,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  She  was  a  promi 
nent  writer  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of 
Grace  Seymour;  Luther  aild  His  Times; 
Sculpture  and  Sculptors;  Three  Experi 
ments  in  Living,  which  was  extraordinar 
ily  popular  both  in  America  and  England; 
Familiar  Sketches  of  the  Old  Painters; 
The  Huguenots  in  France  and  America; 
and  Memoir  of  Pierre  Toussaint.  She 
died  Dec.  27,  1865,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

LEE,  HENRY,  soldier,  statesman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1756,  in  Leesyl- 
vania,  Va.  He  was  appointed  a  captain 
of  cavalry,  and  in  1777  joined  the  main 
army:  and  was  soon  promoted  to  tne 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  In  1786  he 
was  ap'pointed  a  delegate  in  congress 
from  Virginia,  in  which  body  he  remained 
until  the  constitution  was  adopted.  In 
1791  he  was  chosen  governor  of  Virginia. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  at  the  pe 
riod  of  Washington's  death;  and  in  1799 
was  appointed  by  congress  to  deliver  a 
eulogy  on  the  occasion,  in  which  occurred 
the  words:  First  in  war,  first  in  peace, 
and  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen. 
He  published  Memoirs  of  the  War  in 
the  Southern  Departments  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  March  25,  1816. 

LEE,  HENRY,  pioneer,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  was  born  in  1758,  in  Virginia. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  legis 
lature  from  the  district  of  Kentucky;  and 
also  of  the  convention  that  adopted  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States.  He  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  quarter  sessions 
and  associate  judge  of  the  circuit  court 
for  Mason  county,  Ky.  He  died  in  1846,  in 
Mason  county,  Ky. 

LEE,  HENRY,  author,  was  born  in 
1786.  in  Westmoreland  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  Virginia  writer  who  published  The 
Campaign  of  1781  in  the  Carolinas;  and 
Life  of  Napoleon.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1837, 
in  Paris,  France. 

LEE,  HENRY  B.,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  2,  1817,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  fifteenth  congress,  but  died 
before  taking  his  seat. 

LEE.  HENRY  WASHINGTON,  protest- 
ant  episcopal  bishop,  was  born  July  29, 

1815,  in  Hamden,  Conn.     He  was  elected 
first  bishop  of  Iowa  in  1854.    He  died  Sept. 
26,  1874,  in  Davenport,  Iowa. 

LEE,  JAMES,  merchant,  was  born  in 
1795,  in  Scotland.  He  was  for  a  long  time 
connected  with  the  New  York  Society  li 
brary,  and  Brown's  statue  of  Washington 
on  Union  square  was  erected  mainly 
through  his  instrumentality.  He  died 
June  16,  1874,  in  New  York  city. 

LEE,  JAMES  G.  C.,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  12.  1836.  in  Hamilton,  Canada.  He 
served  in  the  army  all  through  the  war 
of  the  rebellion,  including  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg;  and  is  now  lieutenant-colonel 
and  deputy  quartermasier-general  of  the 
United  States  army. 

LEE,  JESSE,  missiC'iary,  author,  was 
born  March  12,  1758,  in  Prince  George 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  methodist  mission 
ary,  called  the  Apostle  of  Methodism, 
who  published  a  History  of  Methodism, 
which  is  a  valuable  record  of  the  early 
years  of  that  faith.  He  died  Sept.  12, 

1816,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

LEE.  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1823  to  1825. 

LEE,  JOSHUA,  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  legislature  of  that  state 
from  Ontario  and  Yates  counties;  and 
was  a  representative  In  congress  from 
New  York  from  1835  to  1837. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     Ol<"     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


579 


LEE,  LUTHER,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  30,  1800,  in  Schoharie,  N,  Y. 
He  was  a  Wesleyan  clergyman  of  Michi 
gan;  and  the  author  of  Universalism  Ex 
amined  and  Refuted;  Church  Polity;  Im 
mortality  of  the  Soul;  Slavery  in  the 
Light  of  the  Bible;  and  Elements  of  The 
ology.  He  died  in  1889. 

LEE,  M.  LINDLEY,  physician,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  May  29, 
1805,  in  Minisink,  N.  Y.  During  1840-44 
he  was  postmaster  of  Fulton,  N.  Y. ;  in 
1846-47  he  was  a  member  of  the  state 
assembly;  and  in  1855  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress. 

LEE,  MRS.  MARY  CATHERINE  [JEN 
KINS],  author,  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts.  She  is  a  novelist  of  Springfield, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  A  Quaker  Girl 
of  Nantucket;  In  the  Cheering-Up  Busi 
ness;  and  A  Soulless  Singer. 

LEE,  MARY  ELIZABETH,  author, 
poet,  was  born  March  23,  1813,  in  Charles 
ton,'  S.  C.  She  was  a  writer  of  Charles 
ton;  and  the  author  of  Historical  Tales 
for  Youth;  and  a  volume  of  Poems  issued 
in  1851  with  memoir  by  S.  Oilman.  She 
died  Sept.  23,  1849,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

LEE,  RICHARD  BLAND,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1789  to  1795.  He  died  in  1827. 

LEE,  RICHARD  H.,  soldier,  physician, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1825,  in  Tennes 
see.  During  the  Mexican  war  he  served  as 
a  private  soldier;  and  in  1848  settled  in 
Kanawha  county,  W.  Va.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  as  captain  in  com 
pany  A,  eighth  regiment  Virginia  in 
fantry;  and  also  in  the  seventh  regiment 
West  Virginia  cavalry.  For  four  years 
he  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the  county 
court;  was  magistrate  for  seventeen 
years;  and  has  been  president  of  the 
board  of  education  of  St.  Albans  for  the 
past  thirty  years. 

LEE.  RICHARD  HENRY,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
Jan.  20,  1732,  in  Stratford,  Va.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  congress  in  1774.  In 
accordance  with  instructions  from  the  Vir 
ginia  convention,  he  first  proposed  in 
congress  a  declaration  of  independence, 
June  7,  1776,  and  a  committee  was  ap 
pointed  to  prepare  it.  He  was  a  signer 
of  the  adopted  declaration  of  independ 
ence,  and  of  the  articles  of  confederation. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  articles  of  con 
federation  he  withdrew  from  congress, 
but  was  re-elected  in  1784.  and  chosen 
president  of  that  body,  serving  till  1787. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1789  to  1792.  He  died  June  9, 
1794,  in  Chantilly,  Va. 

'LEE,  ROBERT  EDWARD,  soldier,  was 

born  Jan.  19,  1806,  in  Stratford,  Va.  He 
was  the  celebrated  confederate  general  of 
the  civil  war.  He 

jfis-xi  ,-#«??*'fiS&^t--  wiis  t||('  s()"  °f  Gen- 

rl  eral  Henry  Lee,  of 
I  the  revolution,  often 
called  Light-Horse 
Harry,  and  married 
the  daughter  of  the 
adopted  son  of  Gen- 
e  r  a  1  Washington. 
After  an  arduous 
struggle  as  major- 
general  of  the  con- 
federate  forces, 
which  as  a  Virginian 
he  felt  bound  to  lead,  he  surrendered  to 
Grant,  April  9,  1865,  and  thus  closed  the 
war.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1870,  in  Lexington, 
Va. 


LEE,  SAMUEL  PHILLIPS,  naval  of 
ficer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1812,  in 
Virginia.  He  entered  the  United  States 
navy  in  1825;  was  commissioned  lieuten 
ant  in  1837;  and  rear-admiral  in  1870. 
He  published  the  Cruise  of  the  Dolphin  in 
the  Reports  of  the  United  States  Naval 
Department. 

LEE,  SILAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  legislator, 
congressman.  He  served  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature  in  1793,  1797,  and 
1798;  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1799  to  1802; 
and  judge  of  probate  from  1805  to  1814. 
He  was  for  some  years  chief  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas;  and  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Adams,  United 
States  district  attorney  for  Maine.  He 
died  in  1814. 

LEE,  STEPHEN  D.,  soldier,  college 
president.  He  served  gallantly  during  the 
civil  war  as  a  captain  of  artillery  with 
the  army  of  the  Tennessee:  and  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general.  He  is  now  presi 
dent  of  the  Agricultural  college  of  Missis 
sippi. 

LEE.  THOMAS,  congressman.  He  was 
a  renresentative  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1833  to  1837.  He  died  Nov.  2, 
1855,  in  Port  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

LEE,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1769,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  South  Carolina  state  legisla 
ture;  and  state  solicitor  in  1794.  He  was 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in 
1804;  comptroller-general  until  1816; 
president  of  the  state  bank  in  1817;  and 
judge  of  the  United  States  court  from  1823 
until  his  death.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1839,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

LEE,  THOMAS  LUDWELL,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  statesman,  was  born  about  1730  in 
Stratford,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  burgesses;  of  the  conventions  of 
July  and  December,  1775;  and  of  the  com 
mittee  of  safety;  and  in  the  convention  of 
1776  was  placed  on  the  committee  to  draft 
a  declaration  of  rights,  and  a  plan  of  gov 
ernment.  On  the  organization  of  the 
Virginia  state  government  he  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  five  revisers,  and  one 
of  the  five  judges  of  the  general  court. 
He  died  in  1777. 

LEE,  THOMAS  SIM,  governor,  was 
born  in  1743.  He  was  governor  of  Mary 
land  from  1779  to  1783;  was  a  delegate  to 
the  continental  congress  in  1783  and  1784; 
and  was  again  governor  from  1792  to  1794. 
He  died  Nov.  9,  1809,  in  Frederick  county, 
Va. 

LEE,  WILLIAM  E.,  banker,  legislator, 
was  born  Jan.  8,  1852,  in  Alton,  111.  He 
served  three  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
Minnesota  legislature,  and  was  speaker  of 
the  house  in  1893.  He  was  superintendent 
of  the  state  reformatory  at  St.  Cloud;  and 
for  four  years  was  on  the  governor's  staff 
with  rank  of  major.  He  is  a  president  of 
the  bank  of  Long  Prairie,  Minn. 

LEE,  WILLIAM  HENRY  FITZHUGH, 
soldier,  congressman,  was  born  May  31, 
1837,  in  Arlington,  Va.  In  1861  he  raised 
a  company  of  cavalry  and  joined  the  army 
of  northern  Virginia;  served  in  every 
grade  successively  from  captain  to  major- 
general  of  cavalry.  He  represented  his 
senatorial  district  in  the  Virginia  state 
senate  for  one  term,  declining  a  renomin- 
ation.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  and 
fifty-first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

LEE,  WILLIAM  LITTLE,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1821,  in  Hawaiian 
Island.  He  was  chief  justice  of  the  Ha 
waiian  islands.  He  died  June  28,  1857,  in 
Honolulu. 


LEECH,  SAMUEL  VAN  DERLIP,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  17,  1837, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  and  temperance  reformer;  and  the 
author  of  The  Drunkard;  Ingersoll  and 
the  Bible;  and  The  Inebriates. 

LEEDOM,  JOHN  P.,  farmer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1847,  in  Adams 
county,  Ohio.  He  graduated  at  Smith's 
Mercantile  college  in 
1868;  taught  school; 
engaged  in  farming. 
He  was  elected  clerk 
of  the  court  of  com 
mon  pleas  in  1874, 
and  re-elected  in 
1877.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  dem 
ocratic  state  commit 
tee  in  1879;  and  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-seventh  c  o  n- 
gress;  and  served  on  several  important 
committees. 

LEEDS,  DAVID,  author,  was  born  in 
1652  in  England.  He  was  a  prominent 
figure  among  the  early  settlers  of  Bur 
lington,  N.  J.,  and  a  violent  opponent  of 
the  Quakers.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Temple  of  Wisdom;  The  News  of  a 
Trumpet;  Hue  and  Cry  Against  Error; 
A  Trumpet  Sounded;  The  Rebuker  Re 
buked;  and  The  Great  Mystery  of  Fox- 
Craft  Discovered.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1720, 
in  Burlington,  N.  J. 

LEEDY,  JOHN  WHITNAH,  farmer,  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  March  8,  1849, 
in  Richland  county,  Ohio.  During  1893- 
97  he  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  the 
Kansas  legislature;  and  governor  of 
that  state  for  two  years  beginning  in 
January,  1897. 

LEEPER,  ARTHUR,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1855,  in  Chandler- 
ville,  111.  He  was  state's  attorney  of  Cass 
county  from  1876  to  1880;  and  was  elect 
ed  Illinois  state  senator  in  1888,  1892,  and 
1896. 

LEESER,  ISAAC,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  12,  1806,  in  Prussia.  He 
was  a  Jewish  rabbi  of  Philadelphia  who 
published  The  Jews  and  the  Mosaic  Law; 
Discourses  on  the  Jewish  Religion;  Por 
tuguese  Forms  of  Prayer;  and  a  Trans 
lation  of  the  Scriptures  from  the  Original 
Hebrew.  He  died  Feb.  1,  1868,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

LEET,  ISAAC,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1802  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  for  several  years  in  the  senate 
of  that  state;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1829  to  1831.  He  died 
June  10,  1844,  in  Washington,  Pa. 

LEETE,  WILLIAM,  governor  of  Con 
necticut,  was  born  about  1603  in  England. 
He  was  a  founder  of  Guilford,  Conn.,  and 
one  of  the  pillars  of  the  church  there.  He 
was  deputy  governor  in  1661-65,  was  fre 
quently  a  commissioner  of  the  colony,  re- 
elected  governor  in  1676,  and  afterward 
annually  chosen  until  his  death.  He  died 
April  16,  1683,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

LEFEVER,  JACOB,  banker,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  20,  1830,  in  New 
Paltz,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
assembly  of  the  state  of  New  York  in 
1863-67;  and  was  frequently  a  delegate  to 
republican  state  conventions  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  national  republican  con 
vention  of  1888.  He  is  president  of  the 
Huguenot  National  bank  of  New  Paltz; 
and  vice-president  of  the  New  Paltz  Sav 
ings  bank.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 


580 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LE  FEVRE,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  8, 
1838,  in  Shelby  county,  Ohio.  He  served 
in  the  union  army  from  1861  to  1865;  and 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  house 
of  representatives  in  1865.  In  1867  he  was 
appointed  United  States  consul  at  Nurem 
berg,  Germany;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-sixth, 
forty-seventh,  forty-eighth  and  forty- 
ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

LE  FEVRE,  JOSEPH,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1811  to  1813. 

LEFEVRE,  PETER  PAUL,  Roman 
catholic  bishop,  was  born  April  30,  1804, 
in  West  Flanders.  In  1831  he  was  or 
dained  priest  and  stationed  at  New  Ma 
drid,  Mo.,  but  after  a  few  months  was 
transferred  to  the  pastorate  of  Salt  river, 
consisting  of  the  northern  part  of  Mis 
souri,  western  part  of  Illinois,  and  south 
ern  Iowa.  He  died  March  4,  1869,  in  De 
troit,  Mich. 

LEFFERTS,  GEORGE  MOREWOOD, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1846, 
in  Brooklyn,  L.  I.  He  is  a  physician  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Dis 
eases  of  the  Nose;  Diagnosis  of  Nasal 
Catarrh;  and  Pharmacopoeia  for  Diseases 
of  the  Throat  and  Nose. 

LEFFERTS,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1813  to  1815;  and  a  state 
senator  from  1822  to  1825. 

LEt  r'ERTS,  MARSHALL,  engineer, 
was  born  Jan.  15,  1821,  in  Bedford,  L.  I. 
In  1849  he  became  president  of  the  New 
York,  New  England  and  New  York  state 
telegraph  companies,  from  which  office 
he  retired  in  1860  and  began  a  system  of 
telegraph  wires,  which  was  worked  on 
the  automatic  plan  of  transmission.  He 
died  July  3,  1876,  in  Newark,  Pa. 

LEFFINGWELL,  ALONZO  MARK, 
lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1842,  in  Hen 
derson,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Union  academy  at  Belleville, 
N.  Y.;  and  at  the  university  of  Michigan. 
He  then  studied  law  and  received  the  de 
gree  of  LL.  B.  In  1872  he  moved  to  New 
York  city;  and  two  years  later  removed 
to  Henderson,  where  he  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  his  profession.  He  has  been  a 
candidate  for  county  judge,  and  twice  for 
representative  in  congress.  He  has  filled 
important  offices  in  several  fraternal  or 
ders;  and  has  always  been  prominently 
identified  with  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state. 

LEFFINGWELL,  CHARLES  WESLEY, 
clergyman,  journalist,  was  born  Dec.  5, 
1840,  in  Ellington,  Conn.  He  founded  and 
became  rector  of  St.  Mary's  school,  Knox- 
ville,  111.  Since  1879  he  has  devoted  him 
self  earnestly  to  journalism  in  the  inter 
ests  of  his  church,  and  is  editor  of  a 
weekly  paper,  The  Living  Church. 

LEFFLER,  ISAAC,  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  November,  1788,  in 
Washington  county,  Pa.  In  1817  he  was 
elected  to  the  Virginia  legislature,  where 
he  served  eight  years.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1827  to  1829;  and  in  1832  was  again  elect 
ed  to  the  Virginia  legislature.  In  1835  he 
moved  to  Burlington,  Iowa;  served  two 
years  in  the  legislature  of  Wisconsin  ter 
ritory,  one  year  as  speaker;  and  one 
year  in  the  legislature  of  Iowa. 

LEFFLER,  SHEPHERD,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Iowa  from  1846  to  1851;  and  in  1875  was 
a  candidate  for  the  office  of  governor. 

LEFTWICH,  EVERETT  IRVINE,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  lecturer,  was  born  Oct.  4, 
1860,  in  Giles  county,  Va.  He  has  been  a 


successful  educator,  and  now  practices 
law  in  Williamson,  W.  Va.  He  has  been 
editor  of  several  publications;  has  writ 
ten  extensively  for  the  periodical  press; 
and  has  attained  success  as  a  lecturer  on 
political  subjects  and  religious  reform. 

LEFTWICH,  JABEZ,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Bedford  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1821  to  1825. 

LEFTWICH,  JOEL,  soldier,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  1759  in  Bedford 
county,  Va.  He  was  major-general  of  mi 
litia,  often  a  member  of  the  Virginia  leg 
islature,  and  for  many  years  a  justice  of 
the  peace  of  Bedford  county.  He  died 
April  20,  1846,  in  Bedford  county,  Va. 

LEFTWICH,  JOHN  W.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1826,  in  Bed 
ford  county,  Va.  In  1865  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Tennessee  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress.  He  died  in  June, 
1870,  in  Lynchburg. 

LEGARE,  HUGH  SWINTON,  lawyer, 
journalist,  statesman,  was  born  Jan.  2, 
1797,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  From  1837  to 
1839  he  was  a  representative  of  his  native 
state  in  congress.  In  1841  he  was  ap 
pointed  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States,  and  also  acting  secretary  of  state. 
He  was  the  author  of  Constitutional  His 
tory  of  Greece;  Essay  on  Classical  Learn 
ing;  and  Essay  on  Roman  Literature.  He 
died  June  20,  1843,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

LEGARE,  JAMES  MATTHEWS,  in 
ventor,  poet,  was  born  in  1823  in  South 
Carolina.  He  was  an  inventor;  and  the 
author  of  Orta-Undis,  and  Other  Poems. 
He  died  in  1850. 

LEGGETT,  FRANCIS  H.,  merchant, 
was  born  March  27,  1840,  in  New  York 
city.  He  received  an  academic  education, 
and  in  1856  entered 
a  produce  commis 
sion  house  as  clerk. 
In  1862  he  and  his 
brother  formed  a  co 
partnership;  the 
business  grew  so 
rapidly  that  it  was 
not  long  before  they 
were  occupying  three 
stores  on  R  e  a  d  e 
street;  and  in  1880 
the  land  was  bought 
and  the  present  im 
mense  building  was  erected.  The  busi 
ness  of  the  house  amounts  to  nearly  ten 
million  dollars  annually,  and  nearly  five 
hundred  persons  are  employed  In  the  es 
tablishment;  and  the  firm  of  Francis 
H.  Leggett  and  Company  is  one  of  the 
largest  wholesale  grocery  houses  in  New 
York  city. 

LEGGETT,  MORTIMER  DORMER,  sol 
dier,  public  official,  was  born  April  19, 
1851,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  was  superin 
tendent  of  public  schools  until  1861  in 
Zanesville,  Ohio.  He  raised  the  seventy- 
eighth  Ohio  infantry,  and  was  made  col 
onel  in  1862.  He  was  brevet  major-gen 
eral  in  1864;  and  major-general  in  1865. 
He  was  appointed  United  States  commis 
sioner  of  patents  in  1871. 

LEGGETT,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1802  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  journalist  once  prominent  in 
New  York  city",  and  the  author  of  Leisure 
Hours  at  Sea;  Tales  by  a  Country  School 
master;  Naval  Stories;  and  Political 
Writings.  He  died  May  29,  1839,  in  New 
Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

LEGGETT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  botan 
ist,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1816,  in 
New  York  city.  He  founded  the  Torrey 
Botanical  Bulletin,  and  was  its  sole  editor 
and  publisher  from  1870  till  1880.  He  died 
in  April,  1882,  in  New  York  city. 


LEGREID,  CHRISTOPHER,  manufac 
turer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  27, 
1857,  in  Deerfield,  Wis.  He  is  a  successful 
manufacturer  of  Cambridge,  Wis.;  and 
has  filled  numerous  public  offices  of  trust 
in  his  city,  county  and  state.  In  1897  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin 
state  assembly,  and  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  deliberations  of  that  body. 

LEHLBACH,  HERMAN,  civil  engineer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  3,  1845,  in 
Germany.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house 
of  assembly  of  New  Jersey  in  1884.  In 
that  year  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth 
and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

LEHMAN,  EMMA  A.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  in  1841  in  Bethania,  N.  C.  She 
is  a  successful  educator,  and  for  thirty 
years  has  filled  the  chair  of  English  liter 
ature  and  composition  in  the  oldest  fe 
male  college  of  the  south  at  Salem,  N.  C. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled 
Sketches  of  European  Travel.  The  most 
notable  of  her  poems  is  Sunset  on  Pilot 
Mountain,  which  has  been  extensively 
copied  in  current  publications. 

LEHMAN,  WILLIAM  E.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1822,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  appointed  by  Pres 
ident  Polk  an  examiner  of  postoffices  in 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 

LEIB,  MICHAEL,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  1769  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1799  to  1806.  He  was 
a  senator  of  the  United  States  from  1808 
to  1814;  and  in  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed  postmaster  of  Philadelphia.  He 
served  in  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania 
both  before  and  after  his  election  to  con 
gress.  He  died  Dec.  28,  1822,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

LEIB,  OWEN  D.,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Schuylkill,  Pa.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1845  to  1847.  He  died  June 

17,  1848. 

LEIDY,  JOSEPH,  naturalist,  scientist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1823,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  scien 
tist  of  distinction  who  was  a  constant 
contributor  to  scientific  periodicals. 
Among  his  writings  are:  The  Extinct 
Species  of  the  American  Ox;  Ancient 
Fauna  of  Nebraska;  Cretaceous  Reptiles 
of  the  United  States;  and  Elementary 
Text-Book  on  Human  Anatomy.  He  died 
Jan.  30,  1891,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LEIDY,  PAUL,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  21,  1813,  in  Hemlock,  Pa. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress  from  Pennsylvania. 

LEIGH,  BENJAMIN  WATKINS,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  June 

18,  1781,  in  Chesterfield  county,  Va.    From 
1829  to  1841  he  was  a  reporter  of  Virginia; 
was  frequently  a  member  of  the  house  of 
delegates;     and    was    a    member    of    the 
convention  of  1830  for  revising  the  state 
constitution;    and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  1834  to  1837.    He  died  Feb.  2, 
1849,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

LEIGH,  COUNT  DE  HAMONG,  palmist. 
author,  was  born  in  1868.  At  the  age  of 
eleven  years  he  began  the  study  of  the 
hand;  and  has  visited  almost  every  coun 
try  in  the  world.  His  books  on  the  sub 
ject  have  been  translated  into  French, 
German,  Russian,  Spanish  and  Hindu 
stani.  His  professional  name  is  Cheiro; 
and  he  has  made  tours  in  Europe  and 
America  as  a  palmist. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    CF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


581 


LEIGH,  HEZEKIAH  GILBERT,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1795,  in  North 
Carolina.  In  1829  he  was  a  founder  of 
Randolph  Macon  college,  Virginia,  and 
subsequently  he  was  one  of  its  principal 
supporters.  In  1849  he  was  an  organizer 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church  south. 
He  died  Sept.  18,  1858,  in  Mecklenburg 
county,  Va. 

LEIGHTON,  HARRIET  W.,  poet,  tem 
perance  advocate,  was  born  March  15, 
1839,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  She  has  been  state 
corresponding  secretary  for  Nebraska 
of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
union;  for  three  years  was  secretary  of 
the  Lincoln  Woman's  Christian  Temper 
ance  union,  and  for  one  year  its  presi 
dent.  She  also  is  prominent  in  various 
other  organizations,  and  contributes  both 
prose  and  verse  to  current  literature. 

LEIGHTON,  WILLIAM,  author,  poet, 
was  born  June  22,  1833,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  is  a  writer  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.; 
and  the  author  of  The  Sons  of  Godwin, 
a  tragedy  that  appeared  simultaneously 
with  Tennyson's  Harold  on  the  same 
theme;  At  the  Court  of  King  Edwin,  a 
drama:  Shakespeare's  Dream;  Change; 
and  The  Subjection  of  Hamlet. 

LEIGHTY,  JACOB  D.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1839,  in  Westmore 
land  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  private  in 
company  E,  eleventh 
Indiana  volunteer  in 
fantry;  and  was 
promoted  to  second 
lieutenant  and  after- 
*  **-  HB  ward  to  first  lieu- 
^jgit  tenant.  Returning 
•  jf  home  he  engaged  in 
general  merchandis- 
'^  ing,  and  is  interest 
ed  in  several  manu 
facturing  enterprises. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  Indiana  house  of 
representatives  in  1886;  and  elected  in 
1894  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  re 
publican.  In  1897  he  was  appointed  United 
States  pension  agent  for  Indiana. 

LEIPER,  GEORGE  GRAY,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1786,  in  Delaware 
county,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1829  to 
1831.  He  died  Nov.  17,  1868,  in  Delaware 
county,  Pa. 

LEIPER,  WILLIAM  D.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1823, 
in  Frankfort  Springs,  Pa.  He  served  as  a 
soldier;  and  was  a  member  of  the  consti 
tutional  convention  of  1874.  He  is  the 
editor  and  owner  of  the  Arkansas  Me 
teor. 

LEISENRING,  JOHN,  civil  and  mining 
engineer,  congressman,  was  born  June  3, 
1853,  in  Ashton,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican 
from  Pennsylvania. 

LEITER,  BENJAMIN  F.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1813, 
in  Leitersburg,  Md.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Ohio  legislature  in  1848.  In  1849  he 
was  re-elected,  and  chosen  speaker.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  to  congress;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

LELAND,  AARON,  clergyman,  jurist, 
legislator,  was  born  May  28,  1761,  in  Hol- 
liston,  Mass.  He  sat  in  the  Vermont  leg 
islature  from  1801  till  1811,  during  which 
period  he  was  thrice  elected  speaker.  He 
was  a  councillor  for  four  years,  and  for 
five  successive  years  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Vermont.  He  also  served  as 
an  assistant  justice  of  the  county  court  for 
eighteen  years.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1833,  in 
Chester,  Vt. 


LELAND,  CHARLES  A.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  1860  in  Sharon,  Ohio. 
For  several  years  he  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  Noble  county,  Ohio;  and  in 
1896  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Ohio 
state  legislature. 

LELAND,  CHARLES  GODFREY,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1824,  in  Phil 
adelphia.  He  is  a  very  versatile  Phila 
delphia  author,  who 
has  lived  much  in 
Europe,  and  is  con 
sidered  an  authority 
upon  Gypsy  lore.  He 
is  the  author  of 
Hans  Breitmann 
Ballads;  The  Music 
Lesson  of  Confucius, 
and  Other  Poems; 
Songs  of  the  Sea  and 
Lays  of  the  Land; 
The  English  Gypsies 
and  Their  Language; 
Origin  of  the  Gypsies;  The  Gypsies;  The 
Algonquin  Legends  of  New  England; 
Egyptian  Sketch  Book;  Abraham  Lin 
coln  and  the  Abolition  of  Slavery;  Prac 
tical  Education;  Manual  of  Wood  Carv 
ing;  and  Memoirs. 

LELAND,  HENRY  PERRY,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1828,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  writer 
who  served  as  lieutenant  in  a  Pennsyl 
vania  regiment  during  the  civil  war;  and 
was  the  author  of  The  Americans  in 
Rome;  and  The  Grey  Bay  Mare,  and  Other 
Humorous  Sketches.  He  died  Sept.  22, 
1868,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LELAND,  SAMUEL  PHELPS,  lawyer, 
lecturer,  poet,  was  born  March  4,  1839,  in 
Huntsburg,  Ohio.  After  being  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  LaGrange  county,  Ind.,  he 
moved  to  Chicago  in  1863,  and  thence  to 
Aurora,  111.  About  this  time  he  published 
a  volume  of  poems,  which  passed  through 
two  editions;  and  since  that  time  has 
contributed  numerous  meritorious  poems 
to  the  periodical  press.  During  1867-80 
he  practiced  law  in  Charles  City,  Iowa; 
and  after  a  sojourn  in  Europe,  he  entered 
the  lecture  field,  in  which  he  has  attained 
a  national  .reputation. 

LEMCKE.  HENRY,  clergyman,  was 
born  June  27,  1796,  in  Germany.  He  per 
formed  missionary  duty  in  Kansas,  and 
founded  the  abbey  of  St.  Benedict  in 
Atchison,  Kan.  He  returned  to  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1858,  and  after  a  visit  to  Ger 
many  labored  in  New  Jersey  till  1877, 
when  he  withdrew  to  Carrollton,  Pa.  He 
died  Nov.  29,  1882,  in  Carrollton,  Pa. 

LEMMON,  JOHN  GILL,  botanist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  2,  1832,  in  Lima, 
Mich.  He  is  a  botanist  attached  to  the 
California  department  of  forestry  since 
1880;  and  the  author  of  Ferns  of  the  Pa 
cific  Coast;  and  Discovery  of  the  Potato. 

LEMMON,  SARAH  ALLEN  PLUM- 
MER,  botanist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  3, 
1836,  in  New  Gloucester,  Maine.  She  has 
painted  in  watercolors  much  of  the  flora 
of  the  Pacific  slope,  and  her  collection  of 
more  than  eighty  field  sketches  of  flow 
ers  took  the  first  premium  at  the  World's 
exposition  in  New  Orleans  in  1884-85.  On 
her  discovery  of  a  new  genus  of  plants  in 
1882,  Dr.  Asa  Gray  named  it  Plummera 
floribunda.  Mrs.  Lemmon  is  the  author 
of  the  papers  on  The  Ferns  of  the  Pa 
cific  Slope;  Silk-Culture  in  California; 
and  Marine  Botany. 

LE  MOINE,  SAUVOLLE,  governor,  was 
born  about  1671  in  Canada.  He  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  Louisiana  in  1699,  and 
he  retained  the  office  till  his  death.  He 
was  the  first  colonial  governor  of  Louisi 


ana.     He  died  July  22,  1701,  in  Biloxi,  in 
what  is  now  Mississippi. 

LE  MOYNE,  FRANCIS  JULIUS,  abo 
litionist,  philanthropist,  was  born  Sept.  4, 
1798,  in  Washington,  Pa.  He  erected  in 
1876,  near  Washington,  Pa.,  the  first 
crematory  in  the  United  States.  He 
founded  the  public  library  in  Washington, 
gave  $25,000  for  a  colored  normal  school 
near  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  endowed  pro 
fessorships  of  agriculture  and  applied 
mathematics  in  Washington  college.  He 
died  Oct.  14,  1879,  in  Washington,  Pa. 

LE  MOYNE,  J.  V.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1828  in  Washington 
county,  Pa.  In  1852  he  moved  to  Chi 
cago,  111.,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
law;  and  served  as  a  representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

LENNOX,  CHARLOTTE  RAMSAY,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1720  in  New  York  city. 
She  published  a  volume  of  Poems  on 
Several  Occasions.  Her  other  works  in 
clude  Memoirs  of  Harriet  Stuart;  The  Fe 
male  Quixote;  Henrietta,  a  novel  that 
was  much  read;  a  translation  of  the  Duke 
of  Sully's  Memoirs;  Sophia,  a  novel;  The 
Sisters,  a  comedy;  Old  City  Manners,  a 
comedy;  Euphemia,  a  novel;  and  Me 
moirs  of  Henry  Lennox.  She  died  Jan.  4, 
1804,  in  England. 

LENOIR,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born 
May  20,  1751,  in  Brunswick  county,  Va. 
He  served  with  distinction  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general.  He  died  May  6,  1839,  in 
Fort  Defiance,  N.  C. 

LENT,  JAMES,  congressman.  He  was 
a  member  of  congress  from  New  York 
from  1829  to  1833.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1833, 
in  Washington. 

LENTZ,  JOHN  JACOB,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1856,  near  St. 
Clairsville,  Ohio.  For  five  years  he  was 
one  of  the  examiners  of  the  city  teachers, 
and  was  appointed  a  trustee  of  Ohio  uni 
versity  by  Governor  McKinley.  He  was 
elected  from  Ohio  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

LEONARD,  CHARLES  HENRI,  physi 
cian,  journalist,  author,  was  born  March 
28,  1850,  in  Akron,  Ohio.  His  preparatory 
education  was  ob 
tained  at  Hiram  col 
lege,  Ohio;  Genesee 
college  of  Lima,  N. 
Y.;  and  the  Union 
college  of  Schenec- 
tady,  N.  Y.,  from 
which  latter  institu- 
tution  he  received 
the  degree  of  A.  B. 
in  1872,  and  A.  M.  in 
1882.  In  1874  he 
graduated  in  medi 
cine  from  the  medi 
cal  department  of  the  university  of  Woo- 
ster,  of  Cleveland,  and  subsequently  took 
a  post-graduate  course  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  York 
city.  He  has  attained  success  in  his 
profession  at  Detroit,  Mich.;  and  has 
been  professor  of  gynaecology  in  the  De 
troit  College  of  Medicine  since  1879.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  Pocket  Anatomist;  and 
other  works.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  Leonard's  Illustrated  Medical  Journal, 
which  has  been  published  continuously 
since  1877. 

LEONARD,  CHATFIELD,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1848,  in  Roseboom, 
N.  Y.  Since  1874  he  has  been  justice  of 
the  peace  in  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.  He  was 
justice  of  sessions  durfng  two  terms;  and 
in  1894  was  appointed  surrogate. 


582 


HKRRIXGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    CF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LEONARD,  FRED  CHURCHILL,  law 
yer,  merchant,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  16,  1856,  In  Elmer,  Pa.  He  received 
his  education  in  the 
State  Normal  school, 
in  the  Willeston 
seminary;  and  in 
1883  graduated  from 
Yale  college.  He  is 
a  successful  lawyer 
of  Coudersport,  Pa., 
and  also  interested 
in  the  lumbering 
business.  He  served 
with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the 
fifty-fourth  congress 
as  a  republican.  He  has  filled  numerous 
minor  offices;  and  has  served  his  party 
as  chairman  of  the  county  committee. 

LEONARD,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1698  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  coun 
cil  in  1741,  and  chief  justice  in  1746. 
He  died  in  1778  in  Massachusetts. 

LEONARD,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  4,  1729,  in 
Norton,  Mass.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1789 
to  1793,  and  from  1795  to  1797.  He  died 
July  26,  1819,  in  Raynham,  Mass. 

LEONARD,  JOHN  EDWARDS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  22, 
isi.'i,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He  settled  in 
Louisiana  and  practiced  law;  and  was 
for  a  time  district  attorney.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  state;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Louisiana  to  the  forty-fifth  con 
gress.  He  died  March  15,  1878,  in  Havana, 
Cuba. 

LEONARD,  LEVI  WASHBURN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1773,  in 
Bridgewater,  Mass.  He  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  the  secular  and  religious 
press,  superintended  the  compilation  of 
the  History  of  Dublin,  and  wrote  a  liter 
ary  and  Scientific  Class-Book;  North 
American  Spelling  Book;  and  Sequel  to 
Easy  Lessons.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1864,  in 
Exeter,  N.  H. 

LEONARD,  MOSES  G.,  public  official, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Connecticut. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1843  to  1845;  and  was 
for  several  years  commissioner  of  emigra 
tion  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

LEONARD,  STEPHEN  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1835  to  1837,  and  again  from  1839  to  1841. 

LEONARD,  WILLIAM  ANDREW,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  July  15,  1848,  in 
Southport,  Conn.  He  is  the  fourth  pro- 
testant  episcopal  bishop  of  Ohio;  and  the 
author  of  Via  Sacra;  The  Christmas  Fes 
tival,  Its  Origin,  etc.;  Summary  of  Her 
bert  Spencer's  First  Principles;  and  Brief 
History  of  the  Christian  Church. 

LEONOWENS,  MRS.  ANNA  HARRI 
ETTS  [CRAWFORD],  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  5,  1834,  in  Wales.  She  <s 
an  Englishwoman  who  was  governess  in 
the  royal  family  of  Siam  for  four  years, 
came  to  New  York  in  1867,  and  has  since 
taught  there.  She  is  the  author  of  The 
English  Governess  at  the  Siamese  Court; 
The  Romance  of  the  Harem;  Life  and 
Travels  in  India;  and  Our  Asiatic  Cous 
ins. 

LEOVY,  HENRY  JEFFERSON,  soldier, 
journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  May  17,  1826, 
in  Augusta,  Ga.  For  many  years  he  was 
the  owner  of  The  New  Orleans  Delta, 
which  was  seized  by  General  Butler  in 
1862.  He  served  with  gallantry  in  the 
confederate  army  during  1861-65;  and  in 
1870  was  elected  city  attorney  of  New 
Orleans. 


LE  PLONGEON,  MRS.  ALICE  [DIX- 
ON],  author,  was  born  in  1851  in  England. 
She  is  the  wife  of  the  archaeologist  and 
explorer.  Dr.  Le  Plongeon;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Here  and  There  in  Yucatan. 

LEROY,  ALCIDE,  business  man,  was 
born  Oct.  12,  1862,  in  Ascension  parish, 
La.  He  is  prominent  in  the  business  af 
fairs .  of  his  native  city;  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state. 

LE  ROY,  WILLIAM  EDGAR,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  March  24,  1818,  in  New 
York  city.  He  served  in  the  United  States 
navy  during  the  civil  war;  and  in  1874 
was  commissioned  rear-admiral.  He  died 
Dec.  10,  1888,  in  New  York  city. 

LESLEY,  JOHN  PETER,  geologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1819,  in  Phila 
delphia.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  geologist 
of  distinction:  and  the  author  of  Man's 
Origin  and  Destiny  from  the  Platform  of 
the  Sciences;  Coal  and  Its  Topography; 
and  The  Iron  Manufacturer's  Guide. 

LESLEY,  JOHN  THOMAS,  stock  raiser, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1835,  in  Madi 
son  county.  In  1876  he  was  elected  to  the 
Florida  house  of  representatives;  and  in 
1878-85  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 

LESLIE,  CHARLES  ROBERT,  artist, 
was  born  Oct.  19,  1794,  in  England.  He 
has  attained  success  as  an  artist.  Among 
his  best  known  works  are:  Uncle  Toby 
and  the  Widow;  May  Days  in  the  Reign 
of  Queen  Elizabeth;  The  Dinner  at  Mr. 
Page's  House;  and  Sancho  Panza  and  the 
Duchess.  He  died  May  5,  1859,  in  London. 

LESLIE,  ELIZA,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
18,  1787,  in  Philadelphia.  She  was  a  Phil 
adelphia  writer  of  tales  and  sketches 
whose  work  was  extremely  popular  in 
her  day.  Among  her  writings  are.  Do 
mestic  Cookery;  Mrs.  Washington  Potts; 
The  Behavior  Book;  Pencil  Sketches; 
American  Girl's  Book;  and  The  Dennings. 
She  died  Jan.  2,  1857.  in  Gloucester,  N.  J. 

LESLIE,  FRANK,  publisher,  was  born 
March  29,  1821,  in  England.  In  1848  he 
emigrated  to  the  United  States;  and  in 
1854  began  the  publication  of  The  Ga 
zette  of  Fashion,  and  The  New  York 
Journal.  In  1855  he  published  the  first 
number  of  Frank  Leslie's  Illustrated 
Newspaper;  and  he  subsequently  estab 
lished  the  following  publications:  The 
Chimney  Corner;  The  Boys'  and  Girls' 
Weekly;  The  Lady's  Journal;  The  Bud 
get  of  Fun;  The  New  World;  Pleasant 
Hours;  Popular  Monthly;  Sunday  Maga 
zine;  The  Chatter-Box;  The  Illustrated 
Almanac  and  the  Comic  Almanac.  He 
died  Jan.  10,  1880,  in  New  York  city. 
After  his  death  the  business  was  contin 
ued  by  his  wife,  who,  by  legislative  act, 
took  the  name  of  Frank  Leslie. 

LESLIE,  JAMES  PERRY,  educator, 
journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1857, 
in  Mantua,  Texas.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Mantua  seminary,  and  at 
the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  college 
of  Texas.  For  several  years  he  taught 
school:  and  in  1884  established  The 
Enterprise  of  Van  Alstyne,  Texas.  He 
subsequently  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  has  attained  success  in  his  profes 
sion  at  Sherman,  Texas. 

LESLIE,  MRS.  MIRIAM  FLORENCE, 
author.  She  is  the  author  of  From  Goth 
am  to  the  Golden  Gate. 

LESLIE,  PRESTON  HOPKINS,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  March  8, 
1819,  in  Clinton  county,  Ky.  He  repre 
sented  Monroe  county,  Ky.,  in  the  legis 
lature  in  1844  and  1850;  and  was  state 
senator  from  1851  to  1855.  He  removed  to 
Barren  county;  was  again  senator  from 
1867  to  1871;  and  in  1869  was  chosen 
speaker  of  the  senate,  and  acted  as  lieu 


tenant-governor.      In     1871    was    elected 
governor  for  four  years. 

LESLIE,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1796,  in  England. 
In  1865  he  was  brevetted  colonel  and 
brigadier-general  for  faithful  performance 
of  duty  during  a  continuous  period  ot 
fifty  years.  He  died  Nov.  25,  1874,  in  New 
York  city. 

LESQUEREUX,  LEO,  paleontologist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1806,  in  Switzer 
land.  He  was  a  Swiss  paleontologist  who> 
came  to  America  in  1848  and  settled  in 
Columbus,  Ohio.  He  was  the  author  of 
Catalogue  of  the  Mosses  of  Switzerland; 
Musci  American!  Exsiccati;  Icones  Mus- 
carum;  Land  Plants  in  the  Lower  Sil 
urian;  The  Tertiary  Flora;  and  The  Coal 
Flora;  Manual  of  North  America.  He 
died  in  1889. 

LESTER,  CHARLES  EDWARDS,  jour 
nalist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  July  15, 
1815,  in  Griswold,  Conn.  He  was  a  jour 
nalist  and  litterateur  of  New  York  city,  at 
one  time  consul  at  Genoa.  He  was  the 
author  of  Life  of  Vespucius;  The  Na 
poleon  Dynasty;  Artists  of  America;  The 
Glory  and  Shame  of  England;  My  Consul 
ship;  Condition  and  Fate  of  England; 
Samuel  Houston  and  His  Republic;  Life 
of  Charles  Sumner;  Our  One  Hundred 
Years;  America's  Advancement;  The 
Mexican  Republic;  History  of  the  United 
States;  and  Stanhope  Burleigh,  a  novel; 
with  several  translations  of  standard  Ital 
ian  authors.  He  died  in  1890. 

LESTER,  CHARLES  SMITH,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  March  15,  1824,  in  Wor 
cester,  Mass.  He  was  district  attorney  in 
1859-62  at  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. ;  county 
judge  in  1870-76;  and  has  been  also  su 
pervisor  of  the  town  of  Saratoga,  presi 
dent  of  the  village  of  Saratoga  Springs, 
and  president  of  the  board  of  education. 

LESTER,  NICHOLAS,  soldier,  poet,  was 
born  March  29,  1842,  in  Canada.  During 
the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  one  hun 
dred  and  tenth  New  York  volunteers.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

LESTER,  POSEY  GREEN,  clergyman, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  March 
12.  1850,  in  Floyd  county,  Va.  In  1876  he 
was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  gospel 
ministry  in  the  Primitive  or  Old  School 
Baptist  church,  since  which  time  he  has. 
been  principally  engaged  in  traveling  and 
preaching  in  eighteen  states.  Since  1883 
he  has  been  associate  editor  of  Zion's 
Landmark,  one  of  the  periodicals  of  his. 
church.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat. 

LESTER,  RUFUS  E.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
12,  1837,  in  Burke  county,  Ga.  He  entered 
the  military  service  of  the  confederate 
states  in  1861;  and  remained  in  the  service 
till  the  end  of  the  war.  He  was  state  sen 
ator  from  the  first  senatorial  district  of 
Georgia  in  1870-79;  and  was  president  of 
the  senate  during  the  last  three  years  of 
service.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first, 
fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and" 
fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

LESUEUR,  ALEXANDER  A.,  soldier, 
journalist,  state  legislator,  public  official, 
was  born  Nov.  25,  1842,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
He  served  gallantly  through  the  civil  war; 
was  promoted  to  sergeant-major  of  bat 
talion;  and  captain  commanding  the 
third  Missouri  field  battery.  He  settled 
in  I.<a  Fayette  county.  Mo.;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Missouri  house  of  representa 
tives  in  the  thirtieth  general  assembly; 
and  was  the  author  of  the  penitentiary 
law.  In  1888  he  was  elected  secretary  of 
state  of  Missouri;  and  was  re-elected  in 
j892  and  in  1896. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


583 


LETCHER,  GREENLEE  D.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  July  19,  1867,  in  Lex 
ington,  Va.  In  1889  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  legislature,  and 
received  the  re-election  in  1891. 

LETCHER,  JOHN,  journalist,  lawyer, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  March 
29,  1813,  in  Lexington,  Va.  In  1839  he  ed 
ited  the  Valley  Star;  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1849;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  for  reforming  the  constitu 
tion  of  Virginia  in  1850.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  the  thirty-second, 
thirty-third,  thirty-fourth,  and  thirty- 
fifth  congresses;  and  was  governor  of 
Virginia  from  1860  to  1864.  He  died  Jan. 
26,  1884,  in  Lexington,  Va. 

LETCHER,  ROBERT  PERKINS,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1788,  in  Gooch- 
land  county,  Va.  He  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Virginia  state  legislature, 
and  was  at  one  time  elected  speaker  of 
the  house.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1823  to  1835;  and  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1837.  He  was  governor 
of  Kentucky  from  1840  to  1844;  and  in 
1849  was  appointed  minister  to  Mexico. 
He  died  Jan.  24,  1861,  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

LEUTZE,  EMANUEL,  historical  paint 
er,  was  born  May  24.  1816,  in  Germany. 
Being  obliged  to  leave  Germany  on  ac 
count  of  political  opinions,  he  made  Phil 
adelphia  his  home.  His  Western  Emigra 
tion  is  conspicuous  in  the  national  capitol, 
and  Washington  Crossing  the  Delaware  is 
everywhere  familiar  through  engravings. 
He  died  July  18,  1868,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

LEVAN,  WILLIAM  BARNET,  civil  en 
gineer,  inventor,  author,  was  born  June 
3,  1829,  in  Easton,  Pa.  He  is  the  inventor 
of  a  steam  engine  governor;  a  self-re 
cording  steam  engine  indicator  and  glass 
water  gauge;  and  an  improved  station 
ary  engine.  He  is  the  author  of  Useful 
Information  for  Engineers;  and  the 
Steam  Engine  Indicator  and  Its  Use. 

LEVENTHORPE,  COLLETT,  soldier, 
was  born  May  15,  1815,  in  England.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war  with  distinction 
and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
for  meritorious  services.  He  died  Dec.  1, 
1889,  in  Rutherford,  N.  C. 

LEVERETT,  FREDERICK  PERCIVAL, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1803, 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  was  a  once 
distinguished  educator  of  Boston.  Be 
sides  annotated  editions  of  Juvenal  and 
other  classics,  he  prepared  a  much-valued 
Lexicon  of  the  Latin  Language.  He  died 
Oct.  6,  1836,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

LEVERETT,  JOHN,  colonial  governor 
of  Massachusetts,  was  born  in  1616  in 
England.  He  was  one  of  the  governor's 
council  in  1665-71,  major-general  in  1663- 
73,  and  deputy  governor  in  1671-73,  be 
coming  governor  at  the  latter  date.  He 
died  March  16,  1679,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

LEVERETT,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Aug.  25,  1662,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  judge,  speaker  of  the  colonial  legis 
lature,  member  of  the  council,  and  presi 
dent  of  Harvard  from  1707  until  his  death. 
He  died  May  3,  1724,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

LEVER1DGE,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  15,  1792,  in  New  York  city. 
During  the  war  of  1812  he  served  as  a 
private.  He  was  a  founder  of  the  St. 
Nicholas  club  and  of  the  old  Public 
School  society,  and  was  said  to  be  the  old 
est  active  member  of  the  American  bar. 
He  died  Feb.  17,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

LEVERING,  EUGENE,  merchant, 
banker,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1845,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  has  been  a  successful 
merchant  in  his  nauve  city;  president  of 


the    National    Bank    of   Commerce;     and 
president  of  the  board  of  trade. 

LEVIN,  LEWIS  C.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1808,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1845  to 
1851.  He  died  March  14,  1860,  in  Phila 
delphia. 

LEVY,  WILLIAM  MALLORY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  30,  1827,  in  the  county  of 
the  Isle  of  Wight,  Va.  In  1846  he  volun 
teered  in  the  first  Louisiana  regiment  for 
service  in  Mexico,  and  was  made  a  lieu 
tenant,  serving  until  peace  was  declared 
in  1848.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Vir 
ginia  state  legislature  in  1860  and  1861; 
and  a  presidential  elector  in  the  former 
year.  He  served  as  a  colonel  in  the  con 
federate  service:  and  in  1874  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Louisiana  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress. 

LEWELLING,  LORENZO  D.,  educator, 
journalist,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  21, 
1846,  in  Salem,  Iowa.  He  commenced  life 
as  a  common  laborer 
on  the  Burlington 
and  Missouri  rail 
road;  then  drove 
cattle  for  the  quar 
termaster's  depart 
ment  of  the  union 
army  in  Tennessee; 
then  joined  a  bridge 
building  corps  at 
Chattanooga.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he 
secured  a  discharge 
and  attended  Knox 
college  of  Galesburg  and  other  insti 
tutions  to  secure  a  better  education. 
He  subsequently  was  employed  in 
bridge  building;  then  again  entered 
educational  work;  and  subsequently  be 
came  editor  and  owner  of  The  Regis 
ter,  a  weekly  republican  journal  of  ms 
native  town.  For  fifteen  years  he  and 
his  wife  had  charge  of  the  Iowa  State  Re 
form  school  for  Girls;  and  he  became 
widely  known  as  a  penologist.  In  1887 
he  moved  to  Wichita,  Kan.,  and  five  years 
later  was  elected  governor  of  that  state. 

LEWIS,  ABNER,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  assembly  of  that  state  from  Chautau- 
qua  county  in  1838  and  1839;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1845  to  1847. 

LEWIS,  ABRAM  HERBERT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1836,  in 
Scott,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  seventh  day  baptist 
clergyman  of  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  and  a  writer 
of  much  prominence  in  his  denomina 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  Sabbath  and 
Sunday;  Biblical  Teachings  Concerning 
the  Sabbath  and  Sunday;  Critical  His 
tory  of  the  Sabbath;  Critical  History  of 
Sunday  Legislation;  Biography  of  the 
Puritan  Sunday;  and  Paganism  in  Chris 
tianity. 

LEWIS,  ALONZO.  author,  poet,  was 
born  Aug.  28,  1794,  in  Lynn,  Mass.  He 
was  a  verse  writer  of  Lynn,  once  styled 
The  Lynn  Bard.  He  was  the  author  of 
Forest  Flowers  and  Sea  Shells;  and  His 
tory  of  Lynn.  He  died  Jan.  21,  1861,  in 
Lynn,  Mass. 

LEWIS,  BARBOUR,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1824,  in 
Alburg,  Vt.  He  entered  the  army  as  a 
captain  of  volunteers  in  1861,  and  served 
until  1864.  In  1863  he  was  appointed, 
by  the  military  authorities,  judge  for  the 
district  of  Memphis,  and  served  as  such  in 
1863-64.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  county  commission 
ers  of  Shelby  county.  Tenn.,  and  held  the 


district     attorney 


office  until  1869.     He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress. 

LEWIS,  BURWELL  BOYKIN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  July  8,  1838,  in  Montgomery,  Ala. 
He  resided  at  Monticello  and  Tuscaloosa; 
served  in  the  confederate  army  as  an  of 
ficer;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1868.  He  served  in  the  state  legislature 
from  1870  to  1872;  and  in  1874  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Alabama  to  the 
forty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat.  . 

LEWIS,  CHARLES  BERTRAND,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1842  in  Ohio. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  Detroit  on  the  staff 
of  the  Free  Press  for  many  years,  and 
since  1891  on  that  of  The  New  York 
World.  He  is  the  author  of  Quad's  Odds; 
Goaks  and  Tears;  and  The  Lime  Kiln 
Club. 

LEWIS,  CHARLES  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1839,  in  Erie 
county.  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education 
at  Cornell  college, 
Iowa;  and  at  the 
Iowa  Law  school. 
During  the  war  he 
served  as  a  private 
soldier  in  the  union 
army;  and  became 
sergeant-major  o  f 
the  twenty-seventh 
regiment  Iowa  vol 
unteer  infantry;  and 
was  adjutant  of  his 
regiment  one  year. 
He  has  served  as 
for  the  fourth  ju 
dicial  district  of  Iowa  for  four  years; 
for  sixteen  years  was  judge  of  the 
same  district,  which  at  first  consisted 
of  over  twenty  counties;  and  he  was 
a  judge  in  the  famous  murder  case  of 
Rev.  George  C.  Haddock.  He  is  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa; 
president  of  the  Iowa  Loan  and  Trust 
company;  and  vice-president  of  The 
Northwestern  National  bank  of  Sioux 
City,  Iowa. 

LEWIS,  CHARLTON  THOMAS,  mathe 
matician,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  in 
1834  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  lawyer  and 
mathematician  of  Morristown,  N.  J.;  and 
the  author  of  History  of  the  German  Peo 
ple;  Latin  Dictionary  for  Schools;  and 
Elementary  Latin  Dictionary. 

LEWIS,  CLARKE,  soldier,  merchant, 
planter,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  8,  1840,  in  Madison  county, 
Ala.  At  the  age  of 
three  he  accompan 
ied  his  widowed 
mother  to  Noxubee 
county,  Miss.  He 
worked  on  a  farm 
and  attended  the 
county  school  until 
the  age  of  sixteen 
years;  when  he  en 
tered  the  Somerville 
institute;  took  a 
partial  course,  and 
subsequently  taught 
school.  He  served  with  distinction 
throughout  the  civil  war  as  a  private  in 
the  confederate  army  during  1861-65.  He 
then  taught  school  for  awhile:  for  thir 
teen  years  during  1866-79  was  engaged  in 
merchandising  and  farming  on  his  own 
account;  and  from  1879  until  his  death 
was  exclusively  a  planter.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  to  the  Mississippi  state  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1884  was  a  candidate  for  con 
gress,  but  was  defeated  by  the  fraction 
of  a  vote.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat,  and  served  on  several  important 
committees.  He  died  in  1894. 


584 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LEWIS,  DANIEL,  physician,  was  born 
Jan.  17,  1846,  in  Alfred,  N.  Y.  Since  1895 
he  has  been  president  of  the  New  York 
state  board  of  health;  and  has  made 
many  valuable  contributions  to  the  medi 
cal  periodicals. 

LEWIS,  DANIEL  P.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  March  28,  1849,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  In  1886  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Brooklyn  City  railway;  and  is  also 
president  of  the  Brooklyn  Heights  Rail 
road  company. 

LEWIS,  DAVID  P.,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Alabama  from  1872  to  1874. 
While  governor  of  Alabama  he  was  in 
strumental  in  the  passing  of  a  number  of 
laws  important  to  the  industrial  develop 
ment  of  that  state.  He  also  held  most  of 
the  public  offices  in  the  gift  of  his  state. 

LEWIS,  DIG,  physician,  author,  was 
born  March  3,  1826,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  well-known  Boston  physician  and 
health  reformer.  He  was  the  author  of 
New  Gymnastics;  Our  Girls;  Our  Diges 
tion;  Chastity;  and  Weak  Lungs  and 
How  to  Make  Them  Strong,  are  among  his 
most  important  works.  He  died  May  21 
1886,  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

LEWIS,  DIXON  HALL,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  10, 
1802,  in  Hancock  county,  Ga.  He  repre 
sented  Alabama  in  congress  from  1829  to 
1843;  and  from  1844  until  his  death  was 
a  senator  in  congress.  He  died  Oct.  25, 
1848,  in  New  York. 

LEWIS,  EDMONIA.  sculptor,  was  born 
July  4,  1845,  near  Albany,  N.  Y. "  Her 
works,  which  show  considerable  ideality 
and  talent,  have  found  their  chief  patron 
age  abroad.  Among  them  are  The  Freed- 
woman;  Death  of  Cleopatra,  a  vividly  re 
alistic  work,  sent  to  the  Centennial  exhi 
bition  of  1876;  The  Old  Arrow-Maker  and 
His  Daughter;  Hagar;  and  Rebecca  at 
the  Well. 

LEWIS,  EDMUND  DARCH,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  17,  1837,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Up  to  1876  he  worked  principally  at  land 
scape  painting,  but  since  then  has  devoted 
himself  to  marine  views.  Among  his 
•works  are  Queen  of  the  Antilles;  Valley 
of  the  Umri;  Autumn  on  the  Susque- 
hanna;  Midday  on  Lake  George;  Fair- 
mount  Park;  Bass  Rocks  after  a  Storm; 
Indian  Rock  of  an  Afternoon;  and  The 
Casino  at  Narragansett  Pier. 

LEWIS,  EDWARD  PARKE  CUSTIS, 
soldier,  planter,  state  legislator,  diplomat, 
was  born  Feb.  7,  1837,  in  Audley,  Va.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  he  entered 
the  confederate  army;  and  served 
throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
colonel.  In  1875  he  settled  in  Hoboken. 
N.  J.;  and  in  1877  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  New  Jersey  house  of  delegates. 
He  died  Sept.  3,  1892,  in  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

LEWIS,  EDWARD  TAYLOR,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  26,  1836,  in  Opelousas,  La.  He 
served  in  the  confederate  army  through 
out  the  civil  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
captain.  In  1865  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Louisiana 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress,  to  fill  a  va 
cancy. 

LEWIS,  ELIJAH  BANKS,  merchant, 
banker,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  27,  1854,  in  Dooly  county,  Ga. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Georgia  state  senate 
for  the  years  1894-95;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

LEWIS,  ELISHA  JOSEPH,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1820  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  physician;  and 
the  author  of  Hints  to  Sportsmen;  and 
The  American  Sportsman. 


LEWIS,  ELLIS,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  May  16,  1798,  in  Lewisberry,  Pa. 
In  1843  he  was  made  president  judge  of 
the  second  district; 
in  1851  he  was  elect 
ed  a  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court; 
and  in  1854-67  was 
chief  justice  of  Penn 
sylvania.  He  pub 
lished  Abridgment 
of  the  Criminal  Law 
of  the  United  States. 
He  was  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  re 
vise  the  criminal 
code  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  died  March  19,  1871,  in  Phila 
delphia. 

LEWIS,  ENOCH,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  29,  1776,  in  Radnor,  Pa.  He  was 
an  educator  among  the  Friends  of  Penn 
sylvania;  and  the  author  of  Vindication 
of  the  Society  of  Friends;  Oaths;  Bap 
tism;  and  Life  of  William  Penn.  He  died 
June  14,  1856,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LEWIS,  MRS.  ESTELLE  ANNA 
BLANCHE  [ROBINSON],  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  April,  1824,  near  Baltimore, 
Md.  She  was  a  Brooklyn  writer  whose 
life  was  largely  spent  in  Europe.  She  was 
the  author  of  Sappho  of  Lesbos;  Records 
of  the  Heart;  Child  of  the  Sea;  Myths 
of  the  Minstrel;  and  Helemah,  or  the 
Fall  of  Montezuma.  She  died  Nov.  24, 
1880,  in  England. 

LEWIS,  FRANCIS,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  in 
March,  1713,  in  Wales.  In  1735  he  set 
tled  in  New  York  as  a  merchant;  and 
in  the  prosecution  of  his  business  visited 
Russia  and  other  parts  of  Europe.  He 
became  one  of  the  Sons  of  Liberty;  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1776  to  1779;  signed  the  articles  of 
confederation;  and  was  also  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  declaration  of  independence 
He  died  Dec.  30,  1803,  in  New  York  city 
N.  Y. 

LEWIS,  GEORGE  JOHN,  journalist, 
banker,  legislator,  was  born  March  28, 
1861,  in  Watertown,  Minn.  For  ten  years 
he  has  been  a  successful  banker  of  Boise, 
Idaho.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  second  Idaho  legislature; 
and  during  1897-98  was  secretary  of  state 
of  Idaho.  In  1897  he  was  the  democratic 
candidate  for  the  United  States  senate 
from  Idaho. 

LEWIS,  GEORGE  L.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  May  31,  1857,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
In  1893  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
Portage  Creek  and  Rich  Valley  railway. 

LEWIS,  MRS.  HARRIET,  author,  was 
born  in  1841.  She  is  the  author  of  Amber, 
the  Adopted;  and  Her  Double  Life.  She 
died  in  1878. 

LEWIS,  HENRY  CARVILL,  geologist, 
educator,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1853,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  furnished  numerous  pa 
pers  on  the  geology  and  mineralogy  of 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Philadelphia  Academy  of  Natural  Sci 
ences.  He  was  elected  professor  of  miner 
alogy  in  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
in  1880,  and  to  the  chair  of  geology  in 
Haverford  college  in  1883.  He  died  July 
21,  1888,  in  England. 

LEWIS,  HIRAM  WHEELER,  prohibi 
tionist,  author,  was  born  March  11,  1843, 
in  Warren,  Ohio.  He  was  the  founder  of 
the  Lewis  academy  of  Wichita,  Kan.,  in 
which  city  he  organized  the  national 
bank  in  1876,  and  of  which  he  was  presi 
dent  for  sixteen  years.  He  served  one 
term  in  the  Mississippi  legislature  in 
1870-71;  and  for  five  years  succeeding 
that  time  was  a  county  sheriff. 


LEWIS,  IDA,  heroine,  was  born  Feb. 
25,  1842,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  She  is  called 
the  Grace  Darling  of  America.  Her  father, 
the  keeper  of  Lime  Rock  lighthouse,  be 
coming  paralytic,  Ida  was  obliged  to  use 
the  oars  herself  in  providing  for  the  fam 
ily,  which  made  her  so  expert  that  at  the 
early  age  of  sixteen  she  was  numbered 
with  the  brave,  by  rescuing  drowning 
people.  Eleven  lives  were  saved  by  her 
in  as  many  years;  but  the  last  brave  deed 
of  March  29,  1869,  when  she  rescued  two 
soldiers  from  Fort  Adams,  whose  boat  had 
capsized,  gave  her  national  popularity. 

LEWIS,  ISAAC  IVES,  merchant,  bank 
er,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1825,  in 
Meriden,  Conn.  During  1854-71  he  was 
a  successful  mer 
chant  and  real  estate 
dealer  of  Minneap 
olis,  Minn.;  and  dur 
ing  1871-90  was  su 
per  intend  ent  of 
mines  in  Montana 
and  Idaho.  In  1867- 
68  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Minnesota 
[  house  of  representa 
tives.  In  1875-76  and 
again  in  1877-78  he 
served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  legislative  coun 
cil  of  Montana  at  Helena.  He  is  now  a 
successful  merchant  and  banker  at  Ketch- 
urn,  Idaho;  and  president  of  the  First 
National  bank  of  that  city,  which  was 
organized  in  1884. 

LEWIS,  ISAAC  NEWTON,  educator, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  25, 
1848,  in  Walpole,  Mass.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  ed 
ucation  in  the  Eliot 
High  school  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass.;  received 
the  degree  of  A.  B. 
from  Harvard  col 
lege  in  1873;  and  the 
degrees  of  A.  M.  and 
LL.  B.  from  the  Bos 
ton  university.  He 
taught  school  in  the 
Eliot  High  school 
and  has  filled  a  pro 
fessorship  in  the 
Chelsea  academy.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  Union  Publishing  company;  presi 
dent  of  the  Maple  Grove  cemetery,  and 
served  with  distinction  as  judge.  He  has 
traveled  extensively  in  Europe,  Palestine, 
Egypt,  India  and  Japan,  making  a  com 
plete  tour  around  the  world  in  1887-88. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Boston, 
Mass.;  is  the  author  of  Immoriam;  Pleas 
ant  Hours  in  Sunny  Lands;  and  a  con 
stant  contributor  to  periodical  literature. 

LEWIS,  JAMES  HAMILTON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  18,  1863,  in 
Danville,  Va.  In  1885  he  was  elected  to 
the  Washington  territorial  senate  as  a 
democrat  for  the  eleventh  district;  and 
was  nominated  for  governor  in  1892,  and 
declined  the  nomination  because  opposed 
to  the  platform.  He  was  one  of  the  two 
nominees  of  the  democrats  in  the  legis 
lature  of  1894  for  United  States  senator; 
and  in  the  national  democratic  conven 
tion  in  Chicago,  1896,  his  name  was  pre 
sented  by  the  state  of  Washington  for 
vice-president  of  the  United  States.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

LEWIS,  JAMES  T.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Oct. 
30,  1819,  in  Clarendon,  N.  Y.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Wisconsin  state  legislature  In 
1851;  and  to  the  state  senate  in  1852. 
He  was  lieutenant-governor  in  1853;  sec 
retary  of  state  in  1861;  and  governor  of 
Wisconsin  in  18fi3. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


585 


LEWIS,  JOHN  FRANCIS,  farmer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  March  1, 
1818,  near  Fort  Republic,  Va.  He  was  a 
union  candidate  for  congress  in  1865,  and 
defeated;  and  in  1869  was  nominated  for 
lieutenant-governor,  and  elected.  He  was 
elected  a  United  States  senator  from  Vir 
ginia  in  1869,  and  took  his  seat  in  1870 
for  the  term  ending  in  1875. 

LEWIS,  JOHN  FREDERICK,  lawyer, 
orator,  was  born  Sept.  10,  I860,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Central  High  school 
of  that  city.  He  has  attained  success  at 
the  bar;  has  been  president  of  the  Law 
academy  of  Philadelphia,  and  was  former 
ly  its  prothonotary.  He  is  chairman  of 
the  executive  committee  of  the  Philadel 
phia  Humane  society;  president  of  the 
American  Humane  union;  and  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Merchants'  Trust  company. 
He  is  identified  with  many  charitable  in 
stitutions;  is  secretary  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb; 
and  for  many  years  was  president  of  the 
Lutheran  association  of  Philadelphia,  and 
also  of  the  Missionary  society  of  St.  John's 
Lutheran  church. 

LEWIS,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  July  21, 
1830,  in  Tompkins  county,  N.  Y.  He  was 
elected  clerk  of  the  circuit  court  of  Knox 
county,  111.,  in  1860;  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1874; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from  Il 
linois  to  the  forty-seventh  congress  as  a 
republican. 

LEWIS,  JOHN  KERFOOT,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  March  18,  1835,  in 
York,  Pa.  In  1858  he  was  ordained  dea 
con,  and  two  years  later  a  priest  in  the 
protestant  episcopal  church.  He  was  com 
missioned  a  chaplain  in  the  United  States 
navy  in  1869,  retiring  from  same  in  1897. 

LEWIS,  JOHN  T.,  soldier,  lawyer,  was 
born  Nov.  6,  1838,  in  Lewis  county,  Mo. 
He  served  four  years  in  the  confederate 
army  under  General  Price's  command. 
For  eight  years  he  was  cashier  of  the 
Canton  Savings  bank;  and  for  six  years 
was  mayor  of  that  city.  In  1876  he  was 
a  presidential  elector  on  the  Tilden  and 
Hendricks  ticket;  and  was  prominent  in 
politics  during  the  trying  times  of  re 
construction;  and  has  always  been  a  con 
sistent  democrat.  He  is  now  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  Texas  at  San  An 
tonio. 

LEWIS,  JOHN  TILLERY,  physical  in 
structor,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1874,  in  Homes- 
ville,  Miss.  He  attended  the  Millsaps  col 
lege  of  Jackson,  Miss.,  in  which  institu 
tion  he  is  physical  director  and  gymnastic 
instructor.  He  also  has  been  professor 
in  the  summer  school  of  Higher  Physical 
Culture  at  Monteagle,  Tenn. 

LEWIS,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  near  Greensburg,  Ky. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  republican  state 
central  committee  of 
Kentucky  from  1878 
to  1891,  and  was 
chairman  of  the  same 
in  the  state  cam 
paign  of  1887;  and 
was  the  republican 
candidate  for  elector 
for  his  district  in  the 
presidential  cam 
paign  of  1892.  He 
has  been  often  elect 
ed  special  judge  of 
Marion  circuit  court, 

and  served  as  special  judge  in  circuit 
courts  of  Marion,  Taylor  and  other  coun 
ties  of  the  judicial  district.  He  was  nomi 
nated  for  representative  in  congress  by 


the  republican  convention,  June,  1894, 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

LEWIS,  JOSEPH,  JR.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1803  to  1817. 

LEWIS,  JOSEPH  H.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  29, 
1824,  in  Barren  county,  Ky.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1850, 
1851.  1852  and  1869.  He  was  elected  to' 
the  forty-first  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-second 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

LEWIS,  JOSEPH  R.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  Washington  ter 
ritory;  and  in  1872  was  appointed  an  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  United  States  court 
for  that  district. 

LEWIS,  JOSHUA,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1744  in  Virginia.  He  was  an'early 
emigrant  to  the  territory  of  Orleans; 
and  in  1806  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
United  States  court  for  that  district.  He 
died  June  5,  1833,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

LEWIS,  JUAN,  soldier,  public  official, 
poet.  Col.  Lewis  is  connected  with  the 
United  States  patent  office  at  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.,  in  which 
city  he  is  also  chair 
man  of  the  Lewis 
Printing  company. 
He  has  delivered  ded 
ication  poems  at  re 
unions;  has  written 
extensively  for  the 
periodical  press;  and 
is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems. 
His  poems  have  been 
given  a  place  in 
Poets  of  America 

and  in  other  standard  collections;  and 
also  constantly  appear  in  the  leading  pe 
riodicals  of  the  east. 

LEWIS,  LAURENCE,     lawyer     author 
was  born  June  20,  1857,  in  Philadelphia' 
He  was  a   lawyer   of   Philadelphia- 


Pa. 


and  the  author  of  Pennsylvania  Courts  in 
the  Seventeenth  Century;  History  of  the 
Bank  of  North  America;  Memoir  of  Ed 
ward  Shippen;  and  Original  Land  Titles 
in  Philadelphia.  He  died  in  1890. 

LEWIS,  MERIWETHER,  explorer  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1774  near  Char- 
lottesville,  Pa.  He  was  made  governor  of 
Louisiana  territory  in  1807;  and  restored 
the  country  from  strife  and  dissensions  to 
order.  He  died  by  his  own  hand  Oct  8 
1809,  near  Nashville,  Tenn. 

LEWIS,  MORGAN,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  governor  was  'born 
Oct.  16,  1754,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  York 
in  1792;  chief  justice 
in  1801 ;  and  govern 
or  from  1804  to  1807. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature 
from  1808  to  1811.  He 
was  appointed  quar 
termaster  -  general 
with  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general  in 
1812;  and  major-gen 
eral  in  1813.  In  1814 
he  was  entrusted  with  the  defense  of  New 
York  city;  subsequently  devoted  himself 
to  literature  and  agriculture.  In  1835  was 
president  of  the  New  York  Historical  so 
ciety.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1854,  in  New  York 
city. 

LEWIS,  NATHANIEL  W.,  soldier,  hor 
ticulturist,  state  senator,  was  born  Sept. 
11,  1831,  in  Washington  county,  Vt.  He 


taught  school  for  awhile,  and  in  1858 
moved  to  Calhoun  county,  Mich.  In  1862 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  an  independent 
regiment  known  as  Merrill's  Horse;  was 
promoted  through  the  grades  to  lieuten 
ant;  and  was  mustered  out  in  the  fall  of 
1865.  He  is  a  successful  fruit  grower  and 
nurseryman  of  Goblesville,  Mich.;  has 
filled  numerous  offices  of  trust;  and  served 
two  years,  during  1878-79,  as  a  member 
of  the  Michigan  state  senate. 

LEWIS,  RICHARD  JAMES,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1851,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1885  he  was  elected  to 
the  New  York  assembly  from  New  York 
city. 

LEWIS,  MRS.  SADIE,  poet,  was  born 
Feb.  14,  1859,  in  Pleasant  Gap,  Pa.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

LEWIS,  SETH,  lawyer,  jurist.  He  was 
an  early  emigrant  to  the  territory  of  Mis 
sissippi;  and  in  1800  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  United  States  court  for 
that  district. 

LEWIS,  TAYLOR,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1802  in  New  York.  He  was  an 
educator  of  note  who  was  professor  of 
Greek  in  Union  college  from  1849  until 
his  death.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Pla 
tonic  Theology;  The  Bible  and  Science; 
Six  Days  of  Creation;  Defense  of  Capital 
Punishment  (with  G.  B.  Cheever) ;  The 
Dhine-Human  in  the  Scriptures;  States' 
Rights;  Heroic  Periods  in  the  Nation's 
History;  and  The  Light  by  which  we 
See  Light.  He  died  in  1877. 

LEWIS,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1803  to  1804,  when  his  seat  was 
successfully  contested  by  A.  Moore. 

LEWIS,  THOMAS  D.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1865,  in  Salt  Lake 
City.  In  1896  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  first  Utah  state  legislature. 

LEWIS,  WESTON,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Dec.  26,  1850.  Since  1890  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Kennebec  Central 
railroad  at  Gardiner,  Maine. 

LEWIS,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1765  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  Kentucky  volunteers  in  the  war 
of  1812.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1825  in  Little 
Rock,  Ark. 

LEWIS,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  the  state  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1791 
he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  district  of  Pennsyl 
vania. 

LEWIS,  WILLIAM  DAVID,  translator, 
was  born  Dec.  22,  1792,  in  Christiana,  Del. 
He  translated  and  published  the  Bokesar- 
ian  Fountain,  by  Alexander  Pushkin,  and 
other  poems  by  various  Russian  authors. 
He  died  April  1,  1881,  near  Florence,  N.  J. 

LEWIS,  WILLIAM  DAVID,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1828  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.'  He 
served  in  the  civil  war,  and  in  1865  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 
He  died  Jan.  19,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LEWIS,  WILLIAM  J.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1817  to  1819. 

LEWIS,  WINSLOW,  physician,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  July  8,  1799,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  translated  from  the  French, 
Gall  on  the  Structure  and  Functions  of 
the  Brain;  edited  Faxon's  Anatomy;  and 
the  Journal  of  the  Boston  Gynaecological 
Society,  one  volume  of  which  was  pub 
lished.  He  died  Aug.  3,  1875,  in  Grant- 
ville,  Mass. 

LEWIS,  ZACHARIAH,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1773,  in  Wilton, 
Conn.  In  1803  he  became  editor  of  the 
New  York  Commercial  Advertiser,  and  of 
the  New  York  Spectator.  He  died  Nov. 
14,  1840,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


HKiiltlNGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LEXOW,  CLARENCE,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1852,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  In  1890  he  was  a  representative 
in  congress;  and  in  1893  was  elected  to 
the  New  York  state  senate. 

LEYPOLDT,  FREDERICK,  bibliograph 
er,  author,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1835,  in  Ger 
many.  He  published  an  American  Cata 
logue  for  1869,  and  in  1876  he  began  work 
on  the  American  catalogue  proper,  which 
was  completed  in  1880.  His  Publishers' 
Uniform  Trade-List  Annual  was  begun  in 
1873;  the  Literary  News  in  1875;  the  Li 
brary  Journal  in  1876,  and  the  Index  Med- 
icus,  a  monthly  medical  bibliography,  in 
1880.  He  died  March  31,  1884.  in  New 
York  city. 

L'HOMMEDIEU,  EZRA,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1734,  in 
Stronghold,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
New  York  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1779  to  1783,  and  again  in  1787  and 
1788.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1811,  in  Strong 
hold,  N.  Y. 

LIBBEY.  HARRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1843  in  Wakefleld. 
N.  H.  He  settled  in  Elizabeth  City  coun 
ty;  and  in  1869  was  appointed  one  of  the 
presiding  justices  of  the  county.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Virginia  to 
the  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  con 
gresses. 

LIBBEY,  LAURA  JEAN,  author.  Her 
greatest  work  is  Miss  Middleton's  Lover, 
which  is  a  classic  comparable  with  the 
finest  production  of  any  foreign  or  do 
mestic  pen. 

LIBBY,  JAMES  ALBERT,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  July  3,  1832,  in  Poland. 
Maine.  He  is  an  advent  clergyman  of 
West  Poland,  Maine.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  poems. 

L1EBKR.  FRANCIS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  March  18,  1800,  in  Germany.  He 
was  an  eminent  publicist,  professor  of 
political  economy  in  the  university  of 
South  Carolina  in  1835-56,  and  subse 
quently  at  Columbia  college.  He  was  the 
author  of  Reminiscences  of  Niebuhr;  The 
West,  and  Other  Poems;  Manual  of  Politi 
cal  Ethics;  Laws  of  Property;  Civil  Lib 
erty  and  Self-Government;  Legal  and  Po 
litical  Hermeneutics;  Instructions  for  the 
Armies  in  the  Field;  The  Character  of  the 
Gentleman;  and  Miscellaneous  Writings. 
He  died  Oct.  2.  1872,  in  New  York  city. 

1JEBER.  OSCAR  MONTGOMERY,  sol 
dier,  geologist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  8, 
1830,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  soldier  in 
the  federal  army  during  the  civil  war; 
and  the  author  of  The  Assayer's  Guide; 
The  Analytical  Chemist's  Assistant;  and 
The  Geology  of  Mississippi.  He  died  June 
27,  1862,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

LIGHT.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1809, 
in  Portland,  Maine.  He  was  a  journalist 
of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Life  of  Tim 
othy  Claxton;  and  Keep  Cool,  Go  Ahead, 
and  a  Few  More  Poems.  He  died  Jan.  27, 
1868,  in  Somerville,  Mass. 

LIGON,  ROBERT  F.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  borr.  in 
Clarke  county,  Ga.  He  served  in  the 
Mexican  war  as  a  captain.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Georgia  legislature  in 
1849  and  1850;  a  state  senator  In  1860,  and 
again  in  1863.  He  was  a  captain  in  the 
confederate  army;  and  was  lieutenant- 
governor  in  1874.  He  was  elected  a  rep- 
resentathe  from  Alabama  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

LIGON,  THOMAS  WATKINS,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  in  Prince  Ed 
ward  county,  Va.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Maryland  from  1845 
to  1849;  and  in  1854  was  elected  governor 
of  that  state.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1881. 


LIKINS,  JOHN  L.,  merchant,  legislator, 
was  born  May  6,  1861,  in  Jasper  county, 
Iowa.  He  has  served  in  the  city  council 
of  Whatcom,  Wash.,  for  three  terms;  and 
in  1S96  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Washington  state  legislature. 

LILLIE,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  16,  1812,  in  Scotland.  He  was 
a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Kingston,  N. 
Y.,  who  published  The  Perpetuity  of  the 
Earth.  He  died  in  February,  1867.  in 
Kingston.  N.  Y. 

LILLIE,  MRS.  LUCY  CECIL  [WHITE], 
author,  was  born  in  1835  in  New  York. 
She  is  a  writer  of  popular  juveniles:  and 
the  author  of  Mildred's  Bargain;  Nan; 
The  Story  of  Music  and  Musicians;  Rolf 
House;  The  Colonel's  Money;  Jo's  Op 
portunity;  The  Household  of  Glen  Holly; 
The  Story  of  English  Literature;  Pru 
dence,  a  Novel  of  ^Esthetic  London; 
Ruth  Endicott's  Way;  and  Alison's  Ad 
ventures. 

LILLIE,  MRS.  R.  SHEPARD,  poet,  was 
born  in  Erie  county,  N.  Y.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  book  of  poems  entitled  Rays 
of  Light. 

LILLY,  HERBERT  L.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  lorn  July  12,  1858,  in  Do 
ver,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools  of  his  native  city, 
and  at  the  Delaware  university  of  Ohio. 
For  se\  eral  years  he  was  engaged  in  ed 
ucational  work  as  a  teacher  in  the  public 
schools  of  Dover  and  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
During  1891-95  he  was  city  prosecutor  in 
Cleveland;  and  in  1896  was  appointed  a 
police  judge  in  that  city. 

LILLY,  SAMUEL,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1815,  in  Geneva, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1853  to  1855. 

LINCOLN,  ABRAHAM,  sixteenth  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  Feb. 
12,  1809,  in  Hardin  (now  Larne)  county. 
Ky.  In  1816 his  father 
and  family  removed 
to  what  is  now  Spen 
cer  county,  Ind.  Here 
he  attended  school 
aboutoneyear,  which 
was  all  the  schooling 
he  ever  had.  In  1830 
•  the  family  removed 
»o  Macon  county  111. 
When  the  Black 
Hawk  war  broke  out, 
in  1832,  Abraham 
Lincoln  joined  a  vol 
unteer  company,  and  was  at  once  chosen 
captain.  At  the  close  of  the  war  they 
were  disbanded  at  Whitewater,  Wis.,  and 
he  made  his  way  home  on  foot  and  on  a 
raft  down  the  Illinois  river.  In  the  fall  of 
1832  he  became  a  candidate  for  the  state 
legislature,  and  was  beaten.  He  was  post 
master  at  New  Salem  from  1833  to  1836.  In 
1834  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  as 
a  whig,  and  re-elected  in  1836-38-40.  He 
was  one  of  the  five  whig  presidential 
electors  for  Illinois  in  1840.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1836,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  at  Springfield  in  1837. 
Up  to  this  time  he  had  never  seen  the  in 
side  of  a  college  or  academy.  He  married 
Miss  Mary  Todd,  Nov.  4,  1842.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  to  congress  in 
1846,  and  declined  to  be  a  candidate  for 
re-election  in  1848.  May  16,  1860,  the  re 
publican  national  convention  met  at  Chi 
cago  to  nominate  candidates  for  president 
and  vice-president  of  the  United  States. 
May  18  the  balloting  commenced.  On  the 
first  ballot  William  Henry  Seward  re 
ceived  173  \otes;  Abraham  Lincoln,  102; 
Simon  Cameron,  50;  Salmon  Portland 
Chase,  49;  Edward  Bates,  48;  William  L. 


Dayton,  14;  John  McLean,  12;  scattering, 
16.  On  the  second  ballot  Seward  re 
ceived  184  votes;  Lincoln,  181;  Chase,  42; 
Bates,  35;  Dayton.  10;  McLean.  8;  scat 
tering,  4.  The  third  ballot  was  as  fol 
lows:  Lincoln,  231;  Seward,  180;  Chase, 
24;  Bates,  22;  scattering,  7.  Before  the  re 
sult  was  announced  four  Ohio  delegates 
changed  their  votes,  giving  him  a  major 
ity.  It  was  then  made  unanimous.  Han 
nibal  Hamlin  was  nominated  for  vice- 
president.  Being  duly  elected,  they  were 
inaugurated  March  4,  1861.  Prior  to  this 
time  several  of  the  southern  states  had 
passed  ordinances  of  secession.  The  vari 
ous  calls  made  by  Lincoln  for  troops  to 
suppress  the  rebellion  were:  The  call  of 
April,'  1861,  for  75,000;  the  call  of  May, 
1861,  for  82.748;  the  call  of  July,  1861,  for 
500,000;  the  call  of  July,  1862,  for  300,000; 
the  call  of  August,  1862,  for  300,000;  the 
call  of  June,  1863,  for  100,000;  the  call  of 
October,  1863,  for  300,000;  the  call  of  Feb 
ruary,  1864,  for  200.000;  the  call  of  March, 
1864,  for  200,000;  the  call  of  April,  1864, 
for  85,000;  the  call  of  July,  1864,  for  500,- 
000;  the  call  of  December,  1864.  for  300,- 
000.  The  total  number  of  troops  called 
for  was  2,942,748.  The  total  number  ob 
tained  was  2,690,401.  In  1864-65  the  ex 
penditures  of  the  government  amounted 
to  over  $3,500,000  per  day.  The  national 
debt  at  the  close  of  the  war  was  over  $2,- 
749,000,000. 

The  best  speech  that  ever  fell  from 
human  lips  was  delivered  by  Abra 
ham  Lincoln  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettys 
burg,  Nov.  19,  1863.  We  give  it  in  full,  as 
follows: 

"Fourscore  and  seven  years  ago  our 
fathers  brought  forth  upon  this  continent 
a  new  nation,  conceived  in  liberty  and 
dedicated  to  the  proposition  that  all  men 
are  created  equal.  Now  we  are  engaged 
in  a  great  chil  war,  testing  whether  that 
nation,  or  any  nation  so  conceived  and  so- 
dedicated,  can  long  endure.  We  are  met 
on  a  great  battlefield  of  that  war.  We 
have  come  to  dedicate  a  portion  of  that 
field  as  a  final  resting-place  for  those 
who  here  gave  up  their  lives  that 
that  nation  might  live.  It  is  altogether 
fitting  and  proper  that  we  should  do  this. 
But  in  a  larger  sense  we  cannot  dedicate, 
we  cannot  consecrate,  we  cannot  hallow 
this  ground.  The  brave  men,  living  and 
dead,  who  struggled  here  ha\e  conse 
crated  it  far  above  our  power  to  add  or 
detract.  The  world  will  little  note,  nor 
long  remember,  what  we  say  here,  but  it 
can  never  forget  what  they  did  here.  It  is 
for  us,  the  living,  rather  to  be  dedicated 
here  to  the  unfinished  work  which  they 
who  fought  here  have  thus  far  so  nobly 
advanced.  It  is  rather  for  us  to  be  here 
dedicated  to  the  great  task  remaining  tie- 
fore  us,  that  from  these  honored  dead  we 
take  increased  devotion  to  that  cause 
for  which  they  gave  the  last  full  measure 
of  devotion;  that  we  here  highly  resolve- 
that  these  dead  shall  not  have  died  in 
vain;  that  this  nation,  under  God.  shall 
have  a  new  birth  of  freedom,  and  that 
the  government  of  the  people,  by  the  peo 
ple,  and  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish 
from  the  earth." 

June  8,  1864,  the  national  republican 
convention  met  at  Baltimore,  and  re- 
nominated  President  Lincoln,  with  An 
drew  Johnson  for  vice-president.  They 
were  inaugurated  March  4.  18iif>.  He  was 
assassinated  in  Ford's  theater,  at  Wash 
ington,  by  John  Wilkes  Booth,  on  the 
fourteenth  of  April,  and  died  on  the  fif 
teenth.  The  whole  nation,  like  one  great 
family,  mourned  his  loss.  Lincoln  held 
office  fourteen  years.  He  left  about  $75.- 
000.  His  complete  works  are  contained  in 
two  volumes,  edited  by  Nicolay  and  Hay. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


587 


LINCOLN,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  was 
born  Jan.  24,  1733,  in  Hingham,  Mass.  He 
was  a  farmer  until  1773,  holding  the  offices 
of  magistrate,  repre 
sentative  in  the  pro 
vincial  legislature; 
and  colonel  of  mili 
tia.  In  1776  he  joined 
thecontinental  army, 
and  rose  rapidly  to 
the  position  of  ma 
jor-general.  He  died 
May  9,  1810,  in  Hing 
ham,  Mass.  He  was 
a  gallant  soldier;  a 
great  jurist  and 
statesman,  and  one 
of  the  foremost  men  of  his  time. 

LINCOLN,  DANIEL  FRANCIS,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Jan.  4.  1841,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  physician  of  Bos 
ton;  and  the  author  of  School  Hygiene; 
Electro-Therapeutics;  and  School  and  In 
dustrial  Hygiene. 

LINCOLN,  ENOCH,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1788.  in 
Worcester,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  United  States  house  of  representatives 
from  Massachusetts  from  1818  to  1820,  and 
from  1821  to  1826  from  the  new  state  of 
Maine.  He  was  then  elected  governor  of 
Maine,  and  re-elected  in  1828.  He  pub 
lished,  while  at  Fryeburg,  a  poem,  en 
titled  The  Village;  and  was  also  the  au 
thor  of  some  historical  recollections  of 
Maine.  He  died  Oct.  8,  1829,  in  Augusta, 
Maine. 

LINCOLN,  FREDERIC  WALKER,  ban 
ker,  legislator,  was  born  in  1817  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  was  president  of  the 
Franklin  Savings  bank  of  Boston.  Mass.; 
and  served  several  terms  in  the  state  leg 
islature.  He  died  Sept.  19,  1898,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

LINCOLN,  HEMAN,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  April  14,  1821,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  baptist  divine,  pro 
fessor  of  church  history  at  Newton  The 
ological  seminary  since  1868;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Outline  Lectures  in  Church  His 
tory;  and  Outline  Lectures  in  History  of 
Doctrine. 

LINCOLN,    ISAAC,  physician,   surgeon, 
was    born    Jan.    26,    1780,    in    Cohasset, 
Mass.     After  graduating  at  Cambridge  in 
1800         he         taught 
school;    and   in   1804 
began  the  practice  of 
medicine.  In  1820  he 
took  up  his  residence 
^t  ^|  in  Brunswick,  where 

he  has  attained 
prominenceas  one  of 
the  foremost  physi 
cians  of  New  Eng 
land.  In  1848  he  was 
a  nominee  for  con 
gress;  from  1805  he 
was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  overseers  of  Bowdoin  college; 
and  filled  numerous  positions  of  trust 
and  honor. 

LINCOLN,  JANE  ELIZABETH,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1829,  in  Colebrook, 
Conn.  She  is  a  frequent  contributor,  un 
der  the  pen-name  Kate  Campbell,  to  the 
magazines  published  by  Godey,  Sartain, 
Peterson,  and  Neal,  and  to  the  annuals. 
Subsequently  she  wrote  for  baptist  jour 
nals. 

LINCOLN,  MRS.  JEANIE  [GOULD], 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1846,  in  New 
York.  She  is  a  writer  of  Washington  city; 
and  the  author  of  A  Chaplet  of  Leaves,  a 
book  of  verse;  Marjorie's  Quest,  a  story 
for  young  people;  Her  Washington  Win 
ter;  and  A  Genuine  Girl. 

LINCOLN,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  19,  1859,  in  Piano.  111.  He 


is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ne 
braska  at  Stock\ille;  has  held  the  office 
of  city  prosecutor  for  several  terms;  has 
been  United  States  prosecuting  attorney; 
and  twice  served  with  distinction  as  judge 
of  his  district.  In  1892  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Omaha  national  convention. 

LINCOLN,  JOHN  LARKIN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1817,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  professor  of  Latin  in 
Brown  university,  well  known  as  a  classi 
cal  scholar,  and  editor  of  editions  of  Livy, 
Horace,  and  Cicero.  He  died  Oct.  17,  1891, 
in  Providence,  R.  I. 

LINCOLN,  JOSEPH  C.,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  May  22,  1844,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Lawrence  university  of  Appleton, 
Wis. ;  and  in  1871  graduated  from  the 
Rush  Medical  college  of  Chicago,  111.  Dur 
ing  the  cnil  war  he  was  a  member  of 
the  first  regiment  of  Minnesota  volun 
teers.  He  has  a  large  practice  in  Bowling 
Gieen,  Ohio:  is  a  member  of  the  board  of 
examining  surgeons  for  pensions;  and  in 
1892  was  the  republican  candidate  for  con 
gress  from  the  Toledo  district. 

LINCOLN.  LEVI,  lawyer,  jurist,,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  15,  1749,  in  Hing 
ham,  Mass.  He  was  a  judge  of  probate;  a 
state  senator  in  1797;  and  county  prosecu 
tor  in  1775.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1799  to  1801.  In  1801  he  was 
appointed  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States,  and  acted  as  secretary  of  state  un 
til  Mr.  Madison  reached  Washington.  He 
was  a  state  counselor  in  1806,  1810,  and 
1811;  and  in  1807  was  lieutenant-governor 
of  Massachusetts,  acting  as  governor  in 
1809.  He  died  April  14.  1820,  in  Worces 
ter,  Mass. 

LINCOLN,  LEVI,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Oct.  25,  1782,  in  Massachusetts.  He  was 
a  state  senator  in  1812;  a  state  represen 
tative  from  1814  to  1823,  and  speaker  in 
1822.  He  was  lieutenant-governor  of  Mas 
sachusetts  in  1823;  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state  in  1824;  a  presidential 
elector  in  1825  and  1864;  and  governor  of 
Massachusetts  from  1825  to  1834.  From 
1834  to  1841  he  was  a  representath  e  in 
congress.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1844 
and  1845,  and  president  of  the  senate.  He 
died  May  29,  1868,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

LINCOLN,  MARTHA  DE,  was  born  in 
1838,  in  Herkimer  county,  N.  Y.  Mrs. 
Lincoln  was  educated  at  Whitestown  sem 
inary,  New  York,  and  early  in  life  com 
menced  literary  work;  and  her  poems  and 
articles  have  generally  appeared  under  the 
nom  de  plume  of  Bessie  Beech.  In  1882, 
with  two  other  journalists,  she  organized 
the  Woman's  National  Press  association, 
which  was  the  first  chartered  woman's 
press  organization  in  the  world.  She  was 
its  first  secretary,  and  served  the  organi 
zation  eight  years  as  president.  Her  most 
laborious  work  has  been  Central  Figures 
in  American  Science;  and  her  best  work 
in  prose  and  poetry  is  entitled  Beech 
Leaves.  In  1891  she  was  appointed  dele 
gate  to  the  international  peace  congress  in 
Rome;  and  again  in  1892  to  the  peace 
congress  in  Switzerland;  and  the  same 
year  she  was  elected  president  of  the 
American  Society  of  Authors  for  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  She  is  the  wife  of  Henry  M. 
Lincoln,  an  eminent  physician  of  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

LINCOLN,  MRS.  MARY  JOHNSON 
[BAILEY],  author,  was  born  in  1844,  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  a  Boston  teacher 
of  cookery,  culinary  editor  of  The  Ameri 
can  Kitchen  Magazine;  and  the  author  of 
Boston  Cook  Book;  Carving  and  Serving: 
Twenty  Lessons  in  Cookery;  and  Kitchen 
Text-Book. 


LINCOLN,  MARY  TODD.  was  born  Dec. 
12,  1818,  in  Lexington,  Ky.  She  was  the 
wife  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  She  died  July 
16,  1S82,  in  Springfield,  111. 

LINCOLN,  ROBERT  T.,  soldier,  lawyer 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1843,  in  Springfield,  111. 
He  entered  the  union  army  as  captain  and 
assistant  adjutant-general;  and  resigned 
in  June,  1865.  He  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1880;  and  in  1881  was  appointed 
secretary  cf  war  in  the  cabinet  of  Presi 
dent  Garfield,  and  continued  in  that  po 
sition  in  the  cabinet  of  President  Arthur. 
In  1889  he  was  appointed  minister  to 
Great  Britain. 

LINCOLN,  WILLIAM,  antiquarian,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1801,  in  Worcester.  He 
was  one  of  the  publishers  of  the  Worces 
ter  Magazine  in  1826-27.  He  delivered  an 
oration  at  Worcester  in  1816,  and  was  the 
author  of  a  History  of  Worcester.  He 
died  Oct.  5,  1843,  in  Worcester. 

LINCOLN,  WILLIAM  S.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1813,  in 
Newark  Valley,  N.  Y.  In  1866  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York  to 
the  fortieth  congress. 

LIND,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  March  25,  1854,  in  Sweden.  He  was 
a  member  of  congress  from  the  second 
district  of  Minnesota  in  the  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  and  fifty-second  congresses,  and  de 
clined  to  be  a  candidate  for  renomination. 
He  had  charge  and  secured  the  passage  of 
the  automatic  car  coupler  bill  through  the 
house. 

LINDERMAN,  HENRY  RICHARD, 
financier,  author,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1825. 
in  Lehman,  Pa.  He  was  the  director  of 
the  United  States  mint  at  Philadelphia 
since  1873,  whose  annual  report  for  1877 
is  a  powerful  argument  for  the  gold  stand 
ard.  He  was  the  author  of  Money  and  Le 
gal  Tender  in  the  United  States.  He  died 
Jan.  27,  1879,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

LINDESAY,  MRS.  MARIA  B.,  poet,  was. 
born  Jan.  1,  1862,  in  England.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

LINDLEY.  JAMES  J.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1822,  in  Mansfield, 
Ohio.  He  moved  to  Monticello,  Mo.;  and 
in  1848  he  was  elected  circuit  attorney 
for  eight  counties,  and  re-elected  in  1852. 
He  was  a  representative  from  Missouri 
in  the  thirty-third  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress. 

LINDSAY,  JOHN  SUMMERFIELD, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  19, 
1842.  in  Williamsburg,  Va.  From  1883 
till  1885  he  was  chaplain  of  the  United 
States  house  of  representatives.  He  is  the 
author  of  A  Sketch  of  Hamilton  Parish, 
Va.;  and  A  Sketch  of  St.  John's  Church, 
Georgetown. 

LINDSAY,  JOHN  THOMAS,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1818,  in  Mc- 
Connellsburg,  Pa.  For  forty-five  years  the 
subject  of  this  sketch 
practiced  law  in  Pe- 
oria,  III.  During  that 
time,  in  connection 
with  R.  G.  Ingersoll, 
he  built  the  west  end 
of  Peoria  and  Terre 
Haute  railroad.  He 
was  appointed  on  the 
McClelland  and  Sey 
mour  tickets  as  pres 
idential  elector,  and 
in  the  contest  be 
tween  Douglas  and 
Lincoln  was  on  the  representative  ticket 
for  Douglas.  He  went  to  Nebraska  with 
his  three  sons,  and  started  a  cattle 
and  sheep  ranch  in  Knox  county,  naming 
the  place  Peoria.  He  is  the  author  of  three 
no\els;  and  numerous  poems. 


588 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LINDSAY,  ROBERT  B.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Alabama  from  1871  to 
1872. 

LINDSAY,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Sept.  4,  1835,  in  Rockbridge 
county,  Va.  He  served  in  the  confederate 
army  continuously  from  1861  till  1865;  and 
was  paroled  as  prisoner  of  war  at  Colum 
bus,  Miss.,  in  1865.  He  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Hickman  county,  Ky. ;  and 
was  elected  state  senator  for  the  Hickman 
•district  in  1867.  He  was  elected  judge  of 
the  Kentucky  court  of  appeals  in  1870,  and 
served  till  1878.  From  1876  until  1878  he 
was  chief  justice  of  the  court;  and  has 
practiced  law  in  Frankfort  since  1878.  He 
was  elected  state  senator  for  the  Frank 
fort  district  in  1889;  and  was  appointed 
and  served  as  a  member  of  the  World's 
-Columbian  commission  for  the  country  at 
large  from  the  organization  of  the  com 
mission  until  1893.  He  was  appointed  and 
confirmed  a  member  of  the  Interstate 
Commerce  commission  in  1892,  but  de 
clined  to  accept  the  appointment.  He  was 
elected  United  States  senator  on  Feb.  14. 
1893,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  John  G.  Carlisle;  and  was 
re-elected  in  January,  1894,  for  the  full 
term  commencing  March  4,  1895.  His  term 
of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1901. 

LINDSEY.  DANIEL  WEISIGER.  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1835,  in 
Frankfort,  Ky.  In  1863  he  was  appointed 
adjutant-general  of  Kentucky,  and  served 
till  the  close  of  the  term  in  1867. 

LINDSEY,  REMEMBRANCE  HUGHES, 
soldier,  educator,  lawyer,  was  born  April 
14,  1845,  in  Jefferson,  Pa.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Waynesburg  college; 
attended  West  Point  Military  academy, 
and  became  a  lieutenant  in  the  third  reg 
iment  United  States  artillery.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Pennsylvania 
at  Uniontown;  has  been  district  attorney; 
and  in  active  practice  for  over  a  quarter 
of  a  century. 

LINDSEY,  STEPHEN  D.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  3,  1828,  in  Norridgewock, 
Maine.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Maine  state  legislature  in  1856.  He  was  a 
state  senator  from  1868  to  1870,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  senate  in  1869;  and  a  member 
of  the  executive  council  in  1874.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Maine  to 
the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  and  forty-sev 
enth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  died 
April  30,  1884. 

LINDSEY,  WILLIAM,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1858.  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a 
Boston  writer;  and  the  author  of  Apples 

of  Istakhar,  a  volume  of  poems;    and  Cin- 

der-Path  Tales. 

LINDSLEY,  DAVID  PHILIP,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  22,  1834,  in 
Downsville,  Del.  For  many  years  he  was 
a  teacher  of  sciences,  and  for  fifteen  years 
a  successful  clergyman.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  shorthand  system  known  as 
Lindsley's  Takigrafy.  He  died  in  March, 
1897,  in  Springfield,  Conn. 

LINDSLEY,  JAMES  GIRARD,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  19,  1819,  in  Orange, 
N.  J.  In  1872  he  was  elected  the  first 
mayor  of  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  and  was  re- 
«lected  for  six  consecutive  years.  He  be 
came  president  of  the  Kingston  City  Rail 
road  company;  president  of  the  Kingston 
Water  Works  company,  and  president  of 
the  Albert  Manufacturing  company  of 
New  Brunswick,  B.  A.;  and  in  1884  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a  republi 
can. 


LINDSLEY,  JOHN  BERRIEN,  soldier, 
physician,  clergyman,  educator,  historian, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1822,  in  Prince 
ton,  N.  J.  He  at 
tended  the  university 
of  Nashville  (  o  f 
which  his  eminent 
father  was  presi 
dent),  from  which 
institution  he  r  e  - 
ceived  the  degrees  of 
A.  B.,  M.  A.;  and  re 
ceived  his  degree  of 
medicine  from  the 
university  of  Penn 
sylvania.  He  then 
studied  natural  sci 
ence  for  five  years;  and  subsequently 
traveled  extensively  in  Europe  and  Ameri 
ca.  In  1850  he  commenced  teaching  medi 
cine  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  where  his  life 
has  been  passed  as  educator  and  practical 
sanitarian.  He  served  with  distinction  in 
the  confederate  army,  and  had  charge  of 
the  numerous  confederate  hospitals  in 
Nashville.  For  twenty-three  years  he  was 
professor  of  chemistry  and  pharmacy  in 
the  medical  department  of  the  university 
of  Nashville,  of  which  institution  he  was 
dean  of  the  faculty  and  one  of  its  found 
ers.  This  institution  is  now  affiliated 
with  the  Vanderbilt  university,  of  which 
he  was  chancellor.  He  is  now  professor 
of  the  State  Medical  university  of  Tennes 
see;  was  four  years  health  officer  of  Nash 
ville;  and  for  the  past  fourteen  years 
has  been  state  health  officer  of  Tennessee. 
He  is  the  author  of  Military  Annals  of 
Tennessee;  and  other  works. 

LINDSLEY,  NATHANIEL  L  A  W  - 
RENCE,  educator,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1816, 
in  Princeton,  N.  J.  For  many  years  he 
was  professor  of  languages  in  Cumberland 
university,  and  subsequently  founded 
Greenwood  seminary.  He  was  associated 
with  Dr.  Joseph  E.  Worcester  in  the  prep 
aration  of  the  dictionary  that  bears  his 
name,  and  had  projected  a  great  work  to 
be  entitled  An  Encyclo-Lexicon  of  the 
English  Language.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1868, 
in  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

LINDLSEY,  PHILIP,  educator,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Dec.  21, 
1786,  in  Morristown,  N.  J.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  university  of  Nashville  during 
1824-50.  His  works  were  published  in 
three  volumes.  He  died  May  25,  1855,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

LINDSLEY,  WILLIAM  D.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1853  to  1855. 

LINEN,  JAMES,  poet,  was  born  in  1808, 
in  Scotland.  He  was  a  book-binder  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Songs 
of  the  Seasons;  and  Poetical  and  Prose 
Writings.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1873,  in  New 
York  city. 

LINING,  JOHN,  physician,  scientist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1708,  in  Scotland.  He 
was  a  physician  and  scientist  of  Charles 
ton  who  published  in  1753  a  History  of 
Yellow  Fever,  the  earliest  American  trea 
tise  on  the  subject.  He  died  in  1760,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

LINK,  JESSE,  lawyer,  was  born  April 
12,  1828,  in  Tobinsport,  Ind.  In  1865  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  ever 
since  been  actively  engaged  in  that  pro 
fession.  He  has  also  been  successful  in 
general  business  at  Booneville,  Ind.;  and 
has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

LINK,  JOHN  EPHRAIM,  M.  D.,  educa 
tor,  physician,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1839,  in 
New  Albany,  Ind.  In  1874  he  was  ap 
pointed  professor  of  anatomy  in  the  col- 
•  lege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  In 
dianapolis,  Ind. 


LINN,  ARCHIBALD  LAIDLIE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1802,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  twice  elected 
mayor  of  Schenectady,  N.  Y.;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1841  to  1843.  In  1844  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  assembly.  He  died  Oct.  10, 
1857,  in  Grassfield,  N.  Y. 

LINN,  JAMES,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1750,  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1799  to  1801,  when  he  was  appointed 
supervisor  of  the  revenue.  For  many 
years  he  also  held  the  office  of  secretary 
of  state  of  New  Jersey.  He  died  Dec.  29, 
1820,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

LINN,  JAMES  MERRILL,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1833,  in  Lewisburg, 
Pa.  In  1854  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar; 
and  was  actively  en 
gaged  in  his  profes 
sion  until  his  death. 
During  the  civil  war 
he  bore  a  commis 
sion  as  second  lieu 
tenant  in  the  fourth 
Pennsylvania  regi 
ment;  was  commis 
sioned  captain  in  the 
fifty-first  regiment; 
and  subsequently 
served  on  the  staffs 
of  various  generals. 
In  1871  he  received  a  commission  as  judge 
advocate  with  the  rank  of  major  in  the 
eighth  dh  ision  of  the  Pennsylvania  na 
tional  guard.  He  died  Feb.  23,  1897,  in 
Lewisburg,  Pa. 

LINN,  JOHN,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  assembly;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1817 
to  1821.  He  died  Jan.  6,  1821. 

LINN,  JOHN  BLAIR,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  March  14,  1777,  in 
Shippensburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Power  of  Genius,  a  Poem; 
Valerian,  a  Poem;  The  Gallic  Orphan,  a 
drama;  and  Miscellanea.  He  died  in  1804. 

LINN,  JOHN  BLAIR,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  15,  1831,  in  Lewisburg,  Pa. 
He  is  a  Pennsylvania  lawyer;  and  the 
author  of  Annals  of  Buffalo  Valley;  Penn 
sylvania  Archives;  and  History  of  Centre 
and  Clinton  Counties. 

LINN,  LEWIS  FIELDS,  legislator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  5, 
1796,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  He  studied  medi 
cine  in  1809;  removed 
to  Missouri;  and  in 
1814  helped  to  fight 
the  battles  of  his 
country,  after  suc 
cessfully  practicing 
his  profession.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
Missouri  state  legis 
lature  in  1827.  In 
1833  he  was  elected  a 
senator  in  congress, 
in  which  capacity  he 
served  until  his 

death.     He  died  Oct.  3,  1843,  in  St.  Gene- 
vieve,  Mo. 

LINN,  ROBERT  GEORGE,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  6,  1849,  in  Glennville,  W.  Va. 
In  1870  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  after 
having  attended  the  Cincinnati  Law 
school.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney  for 
Gilmore  county  for  two  years;  and  for 
twelve  years  was  prosecuting  attorney  for 
Calhoun  county.  He  has  attained  success 
as  an  able  lawyer  in  his  native  city;  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs 
of  his  county  and  state. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


589 


LINN,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  27,  1752,  in  Shippensburg, 
Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of 
Philadelphia;  famous  in  his  day  as  a 
preacher;  and  the  author  of  Discourses 
on  Leading  Personages  of  Scripture  His 
tory;  and  Signs  of  the  Times.  His  ser 
mon  on  the  death  of  Washington  was 
formerly  much  quoted.  He  died  in  Jan 
uary,  1808,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

LINN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  31,  1790,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  lawyer  of  Ithaca;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Life  of  Thomas  Jefferson;  The 
Roorback  Papers;  and  Legal  and  Com 
mercial  Commonplace  Book.  He  died  Jan. 
14,  1867,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

LINNEY,  ROMULUS  Z.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
26,  1841,  in  Rutherford  county,  N.  C.  He 
served  in  the  confed 
erate  army  as  a  pri 
vate  soldier  until  the 
battle  of  Chancel- 
lorsville,  where  he 
was  severely  wound 
ed.  Having  been  dis 
charged  from  the 
army  because  of  his 
wound,  he  returned 
to  Taylorsville.N.C., 
where  he  has  attain 
ed  eminence  at  the 
bar.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  in  1870,  1873,  and  again 
in  1882;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

LINSLEY,  JAMES  HARVEY,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  5,  1787,  in 
Northford,  Conn.  He  prepared  a  series  of 
papers  on  the  zoology  of  Connecticut  for 
the  Yale  Natural  History  society  that 
were  published  under  the  title  of  Cata 
logue  of  the  Mammalia  of  Connecticut  in 
the  American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts, 
and  also  contributed  to  that  magazine 
Catalogues  of  the  Birds,  Fishes  and  Rep 
tiles  of  Connecticut,  with  Notes.  He  died 
Dec.  26,  1843,  in  Stratford,  Conn. 

LINSLEY,  JOEL  HERVEY,  lawyer, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
July  16,  1790,  in  Cornwall,  Vt.  In  1835-45 
he  was  president  of  Marietta  college,  rais 
ing  a  large  endowment  for  that  institu 
tion.  He  died  March  22,  1868,  in  Green 
wich,  Conn. 

LINTNER,  JOSEPH  ALBERT,  ento 
mologist,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1822,  in  Scho- 
harie,  N.  Y.  In  1867  he  became  the 
zoological  assistant  in  the  New  York  State 
Museum  of  Natural  History  in  Albany. 

LINTON,  IRWIN  BREECE,  lawyer, 
public  official,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1852,  in 
Norristown,  Pa.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  Washington, 
D.  C.,  and  graduated  from  the  law  school 
of  the  Columbian  university.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  of  Washington,  D.  C.;  was 
clerk  of  the  congressional  committee 
which  impeached  Hon.  W.  W.  Belknap, 
secretary  of  war;  and  was  also  clerk  of 
the  Potter  congressional  committee, 
which  investigated  the  alleged  Hayes- 
Tilden  election  frauds  of  1876.  For  many 
years  he  served  as  secretary  of  Justice 
Field  of  the  United  States  supreme  court. 

LINTON,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  engraver, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1812,  in  London, 
England.  He  is  an  English  engraver  and 
poet  who  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1867  and  settled  in  New  Haven.  Besides 
ably  editing  several  poetical  anthologies, 
he  is  the  author  of  Claribel,  and  Other 
Poems;  Life  of  Thomas  Paine;  a  valuable 
History  of  Wood  Engraving  in  America; 


The  English  Republic;  The  Flower  and 
the  Star,  and  Other  Stories;  Practical 
Hints  on  Wood  Engraving;  Wood  Engrav 
ing,  a  Manual  of  Instruction;  Poems  and 
Translations;  Three  Score  and  Ten 
Years;  and  Life  of  Whittier. 

LINTON,  WILLIAM  SEELYE,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1856, 
in  St.  Clair,  Mich.  In  1883  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  East 
Saginaw  common 
council,  serving  two 
terms,  at  the  end  of 
which  was  elected  a 
*^  representative  to  the 
Michigan  legislature 
of  1887-88.  He  was 
for  three  years  presi 
dent  of  the  People's 
Building  and  Loan 
association  of  Sagi- 
naw  county,  the 
strongest  financially 
and  in  membership  of  any  in  the  state. 
In  1890  he  was  the  candidate  for  lieuten 
ant-governor  on  the  republican  state 
ticket.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Sag 
inaw  water  board;  was  mayor  of  the  city 
of  Saginaw  for  two  years,  1892-94;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

LIPPARD,  GEORGE,  author,  was  born 
April  10,  1822,  near  Yellow  Springs,  Pa. 
He  was  a  sensational  romancer  of  Phila 
delphia,  among  whose  now  nearly  forgot 
ten  tales  are,  Blanche  of  Brandywine; 
Legends  of  Mexico;  and  The  Ladye  An 
nabel.  He  died  Feb.  9,  1854,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

LIPPE,  ADALBERT  YONDER,  clergy 
man,  theologian,  was  born  March  17,  1827, 
in  Germany.  He  descended  from  the  Ger 
man  nobility.  In  1854  he  moved  to  Amer 
ica;  in  1858  he  graduated  from  the  Dan 
ville  Presbyterian  Theological  seminary, 
and  did  missionary  work  among  the  Ger 
mans  in  Gasconade  county,  Mo.  For  twen 
ty-eight  years  he  filled  a  pastorate  in  the 
German  presbyterian  church  of  St.  Louis; 
then  filled  the  chair  of  theology  and  lan 
guages  in  the  Presbyterian  seminary  of 
Dubuque,  Iowa,  where  he  died  July  9,  1894. 
LIPPINCOTT,  MRS.  ESTHER  J. 
[TRIMBLE],  educator,  author,  was  born 
in  1838,  in  Pennsylvania.  She  was  an  edu 
cator  of  Pennsylvania,  professor  of  litera 
ture  in  the  Westchester  Normal  school; 
and  the  author  of  Handbook,  of  English 
and  American  Literature;  and  Short 
Course  in  Literature.  She  died  in  1888. 

LIPPINCOTT,  JAMES  STARR,  agri 
culturist,  author,  was  born  April  12,  1819. 
in  Philadelphia.  He  patented  a  vapor 
index  for  measuring  the  amount  of  moist 
ure  in  the  atmosphere,  which  has  been 
used  in  the  Smithsonian  institution  and 
elsewhere.  He  was  the  author  of  six 
treatises,  published  in  the  Reports  of  the 
Agricultural  Department.  He  died  March 
17,  1885,  in  Haddonfield,  N.  J. 

LIPPINCOTT,  OLIVER  W.,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  June  10,  1856,  in  Lee 
county,  Iowa.  He  graduated  from  the 
Dexter  Normal  college,  and  received  the 
degrees  of  B.  Sc.,  and  bachelor  of  didac 
tics.  For  many  years  he  taught  in  the 
public  schools  of  Iowa,  and  in  a  govern 
ment  Indian  school  in  Nebraska.  During 
the  past  ten  years  he  has  filled  five  pas 
torates  in  the  Des  Moines  conference  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church. 

LIPPINCOTT,  MRS.  SARA  JANE 
[CLARKE] — Grace  Greenwood — author, 
was  born  Sept.  23,  1823,  in  Pompey, 
N.  Y.  She  is  a  popular  litterateur 
of  Philadelphia  who  has  written  much 
in  the  line  of  newspaper  correspond 


ence,  but  whose  early  fame  was  gained 
as  a  writer  for  young  people.  She 
is  the  author  of  Greenwood  Leaves;  Re 
cords  of  Five  Years;  Poems;  Life  of 
Queen  Victoria;  New  Life  in  New  Lands; 
Recollections  of  My  Childhood;  and  Mer- 
rie  England. 

LIPPINCOTT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  art 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1849,  in  Philadelphia. 
He  exhibited  Lolette  and  two  portraits  at 
the  Paris  salon  of  1878,  and  The  Duck's 
Breast  at  the  centennial  exhibition  in 
Philadelphia  in  1876.  His  other  works  in 
clude  The  Little  Prince;  various  portraits; 
Infantry  in  Arms;  and  numerous  etch 
ings. 

LIPPITT,  CHARLES  WARREN,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1846,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  In  1875-76  he  also  served  a& 
colonel  and  chief  of  the  personal  staff, 
during  the  term  of  Henry  Lippitt,  his 
father,  as  governor  of  Rhode  Island.  In 
1881-82  he  was  president  of  the  Providence 
board  of  trade.  Since  1891  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Social  Manufacturing 
company;  and  since  1896  president  of  the 
Rhode  Island  National  bank  of  Provi 
dence.  In  1895  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Rhode  Island. 

LIPPITT,  CHRISTOPHER,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1744,  in  Cranston,  R.  I.  In  177& 
he  was  commissioned  colonel  in  the  con 
tinental  army;  and  was  made  brigadier- 
general  of  the  Rhode  Island  militia.  He 
died  June  18,  1824,  in  Cranston,  R.  I. 

LIPPITT,  FRANCIS  JAMES,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  in  1812,  in  Rhode  Island. 
'He  is  a  soldier  who  served  in  the  federal 
army  during  the  civil  war,  and  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He 
is  the  author  of  A  Treatise  on  the  Tactical 
Use  of  the  Three  Arms;  Treatise  on  En 
trenchments;  Special  Operations  of  War; 
Field  Service  in  War;  Massachusetts 
Criminal  Law;  and  Physical  Proofs  of 
Another  Life. 

LIPPITT,  HENRY,  manufacturer,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1818,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  is  now  head  of  the  firm  of 
Henry  Lippitt  and  Co.,  and  the  Lippitt 
Woolen  Co.,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  is 
also  president  of  the  Rhode  Island  Na 
tional  bank.  In  1875-76  he  served  as  gov 
ernor  of  Rhode  Island. 

LIPPMANN,  JULIE  MATHILDE,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1864,  on  Long  Is 
land.  She  is  a  writer  of  Brooklyn;  and 
the  author  of  Through  Slumbertown  and 
Wakeland,  a  book  for  juvenile  readers. 

LIPSCOMB,  ABNER  SMITH,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Feb.  10,  1789,  near  Abbeville,  S.  C.  For 
several  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Alabama  legislature;  became  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  in  1819,  and  in  1823-35  was 
chief  justice  of  Alabama.  He  died  Dec.  3, 
1857,  near  Austin,  Tex. 

LIPSCOMB.  ANDREW  ADGATE,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
8,  1816,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.  He  was  a 
methodist  clergyman  and  educator  of 
Tennessee,  who  was  professor  in  Vander- 
bilt  university.  He  was  the  author  of 
Studies  in  the  Forty  Days;  Supplementary 
Studies;  Our  Country;  and  Christian  He 
roism.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1890,  in  Athens, 
Ga. 

LIPSCOMB,  LAWRENCE  YANCEY, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  March  16, 
1855,  in  Sumter  county,  Ala.  He  is  a  de 
scendant  of  the  Virginia  branch  of  the 
Lipscomb  family,  and  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Cooper  institute  of  Mississippi. 
He  has  attained  success  in  the  profession 
of  law  in  his  native  state  at  Bessemer, 
and  has  served  with  distinction  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature  of  Alabama  for  two 
terms. 


590 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF"     AMERICAN    BIOC  KAI'I  I  Y. 


LISPENARD.  LEONARD,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1716,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  New  York  to  the  co 
lonial  congress,  which  met  in  New  York 
city  in  1765.  He  died  Feb.  15,  1790,  in 
New  York  city. 

LISTER,  EDWIN,  manufacturer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1829,  in  New 
ark,  N.  J.  He  has  been  president  since 
1887,  and  is  now  principal  owner  of  the 
Lister  Agricultural  Chemical  works.  He 
has  served  as  alderman  in  Newark  three 
times,  in  1872-76  and  in  1882-84;  and  a 
member  of  the  assembly  in  1886. 

LITCHFIELD,  ELISHA,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1795,  in  Canterbury,  Conn.  He  served  five 
years  in  the  New  York  legislature  from 
Onondaga  county;  and  in  1848  was  speak 
er.  He  was  many  years  a  justice  of  the 
peace  at  Delphi.  N.  Y.;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1821  to  1823,  and  again  from  1823  to  1825. 
He  died  Aug.  4,  1859,  in  Cazenovia,  N.  Y. 

LITCHFIELD,  GRACE  DENIO,  novel 
ist,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1849,  in  New 
York  city.  For  many  years  she  has  writ 
ten  both  prose  and  verse  for  the  leading 
newspapers  and  magazines  in  America; 
and  her  poems  have  been  given  a  place  in 
several  standard  works.  She  is  also  the 
author  of  several  novels,  the  most  notable 
of  which  are  The  Knight  of  the  Black 
Forest;  Only  an  Incident;  Criss-Cross; 
A  Hard  Won  Victory;  Little  He  and  She; 
and  a  volume  of  short  stories  under  the 
title  of  Little  Venice. 

LITTAUER,  LUCIUS  NATHAN,  manu-' 
facturer.  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  20, 
1859,  in  Gloversville,  N.  Y.  He  was  en 
gaged  in  the  glove-manufacturing  busi 
ness  of  his  father  at  Gloversville,  N.  Y.,  to 
which  he  succeeded  in  1882;  and  is  at 
present  engaged  extensively  therein.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

LITTELL,  ELIAKIM.  journalist,  was 
born  Jan.  2,  1797,  in  Burlington,  N.  J.  He 
removed  to  Philadelphia  in  1819,  and  es 
tablished  a  weekly  literary  paper  entitled 
the  National  Recorder,  whose  name  he 
changed  in  1821  to  the  Saturday  Magazine. 
He  died  May  17,  1870,  in  Brookline.  Mass. 

LITTELL.  JOHN  STOCKTON,  author, 
was  born  in  1806,  in  Burlington,  N.  J.  He 
edited  with  biographical  and  historical 
notes  Alexander  Graydon's  Memoirs  of  my 
own  Times;  and  published  a  sketch  of  the 
Life,  Character  and  Services  of  Henry 
Clay.  He  died  July  11,  1875,  in  Phila 
delphia. 

LITTELL,  SQUIER,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  9,  1803,  in  Burlington,  N.  J. 
He  was  a  Philadelphia  physician;  and  the 
author  ol  Manual  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye; 
and  Illustrations  of  the  Prayer  Book.  He 
died  July  4,  1886,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LITTELL.  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  about  1780,  in  New  Jersey.  He 
was  a  lawyer  of  Frankfort,  Ky.;  and  the 
author  of  Statute  Law  of  Kentucky; 
Selected  Cases;  and  Festoons  of  Fancy. 
He  died  in  1825,  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

LITTLE.  CYRUS  HARVEY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1859,  in  Sut- 
ton,  N.  H.  He  entered  into  the  active 
practice  of  law  in  Manchester,  N.  H.  In 
1896  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New 
Hampshire  house  of  representatives. 

LITTLE,  EDWARD  P.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1788,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  state  representative 
from  1829  to  1834,  and  from  1835  to  1838. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1852  to  1853;  and  was  collector  of  Ply 
mouth  from  1858  to  1857. 


LITTLE.  GEORGE,  naval  officer,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  10.  1754,  in  Marsh- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  a  United  States  naval 
officer  who  published  The  American 
Cruiser;  and  Life  on  the  Ocean.  He  died 
July  22.  1809,  in  Weymouth,  Mass. 

LITTLE,  GEORGE  THOMAS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  14,  1857.  .in  Au 
burn.  In  1881  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Maine  Historical  society,  and  in 
1882  he  published  a  genealogy  of  the  Lit 
tle  family,  an  octavo  volume  of  over  six 
hundred  pages. 

LITTLE,  JAMES  LAURENCE,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  lecturer,  was  born  Feb.  19, 
1836,  in  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.  In  1863  he  was 
appointed  clinical  assistant  to  Dr.  Wil- 
lard  Parker  in  the  college  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  and  the  following  spring 
he  began  the  delivering  of  a  series  of  lec 
tures,  the  first  being  on  Fractures  and 
their  Treatment.  He  died  April  4,  1885,  in 
New  York  city. 

LITTLE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  1837,  in 
Greene  county,  Ohio.  In  1866  he  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  his  county, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1868.  In  1869  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  and  resigned  as  prosecuting 
attorney.  He  was  re-elected  in  1871 ;  and 
in  1873  was  elected  attorney-general  of 
Ohio,  and  was  re-elected  in  1875.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  a  representathe  from 
Ohio  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

LITTLE,  JOHN  S..  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
15,  1853,  in  Jenny  Lind,  Ark.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  to  the  Arkansas 
legislature  in  1884;  and  in  1886  was 
elected  circuit  judge  for  a  term  of  four 
years.  In  1893  he  was  chosen  as  chair 
man  of  the  state  judicial  convention;  and 
in  1894  was  elected,  without  opposition, 
as  a  democrat  to  fill  the  unexpired  term 
of  C.  R.  Breckinridge  in  the  fifty-third 
congress.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  dem 
ocrat. 

LITTLE,  JOSEPH  J.,  soldier,  journalist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  5,  1841,  in  England.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  in  1862,  in  1863  and  1864  as 
corporal,  first  sergeant  and  first  lieuten 
ant.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
education  and  chairman  of  committee  on 
buildings  at  the  time  of  his  election  to 
congress;  and  was  an  active  member  of 
the  New  York  World's  Fair  committee. 
He  was  named  as  one  of  the  incorporators 
in  the  World's  Fair  bill  passed  by  the 
New  York  legislature,  as  also  in  the  con 
gressional  bill  introduced  on  behalf  of 
New  York.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress  as  a  democrat  to  fill  a  va 
cancy. 

LITTLE,  JOSIAH  STOVER,  lawyer, 
legislator,  railroad  president,  was  born  in 
1801.  in  Minot.  For  four  years  he  prac 
ticed  law  in  Portland, 
Maine.  He  repeated 
ly  represented  Port 
land  in  the  Maine 
state  legislature,  and 
was  twice  speaker  of 
the  house.  He  has 
aleo  several  times 
been  a  candidate  for 
congress.  He  was 
associated  with 
Judge  Preble  in  or 
ganizing  a  railroad 
between  Portland 
and  Montreal;  and  in  1848  succeeded 
Judge  Preble  as  president  of  the  company, 
which  position  he  held  for  seven  years. 


LITTLE,  LEWIS  HENRY,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1818,  in  Baltimore.  Md.  In  1861 
he  entered  the  confederate  army;  and  was 
appointed  adjutant-general  of  the  forces  in 
Missouri  on  the  staff  of  General  Sterling 
Price. 'and  for  his  bravery  at  the  battle  of 
Elk  Horn  was  promoted  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  died  Sept.  19,  1862,  in  luka. 

LITTLE,  PETER,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  about  1775,  in  Petersburg, 
Pa.  He  removed  to  Maryland,  and  was 
elected  a  representathe  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1811  to  1813.  In  the  latter 
year  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  infantry; 
and  was  again  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1816  to  1829.  He  died  Jan.  5, 
1830.  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

LITTLE,  ROBBINS.  educator,  lawyer, 
was  born  Feb.  15,  1832,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 
In  1873  he  became  an  examiner  of  claims 
in  the  war  department  at  Washington, 
remaining  in  that  office  until  1878,  when 
he  was  elected  superintendent  and  lafcer 
a  trustee  of  the  Astor  library  in  New  York 
city. 

LITTLE,  MRS.  SOPHIA  LOUISE  [ROB- 
BINS],  poet,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1799,  in 
Newport,  R.  I.  She  is  a  poet  of  Newport. 
R.  I.;  and  the  author  of  The  Last  Days  of 
Jesus,  and  Other  Poems. 

LITTLE,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1838,  in  Talbot 
county,  Ga.  In  1882  he  was  a  state  rep 
resentative  from  Georgia;  in  1884  was 
elected  speaker  of  the  house,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1886. 

LITTLEFIELD,  ALFRED  H.,  manufac 
turer,  state  senator,  governor,  was  born 
April  2,  1829,  in  Scituate,  R.  I.  He  served 
two  years  as  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature;  and  two  years  as  a  state  sen 
ator.  He  was  governor  of  Rhode  Island 
from  1880  to  1883. 

LITTLEFIELD.  NATHANIEL  S.,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  20,  1804,  in  Wells,  Maine.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Maine  senate  in  1837-39; 
and  president  of  the  same  a  part  of  the 
time.  He  was  a  representative  from  Maine 
to  the  twenty-seventh  and  thirty-first  con 
gresses;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
house  of  representatives  in  1854. 

LITTLEJOHN,  ABRAM  NEWKIRK, 
bishop,  author,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1824,  in 
Florida,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  first  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of  Long  Island;  and  the 
author  of  Conciones  ad  Clenem;  Indi 
vidualism;  The  Christian  Ministry;  and 
The  Philosophy  of  Religion. 

LITTLEJOHN.  DE  WITT  CLINTON, 
merchant,  manufacturer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1818,  in 
Bridgewater,  N.  Y.  He  was  seven  times 
elected  to  the  assembly  of  New  York,  pre 
siding  as  speaker  during  five  terms.  In 
1862  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 
After  retiring  from  congress  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  state  legislature. 

I.1TTLEJOHN,  JOHN  MARTIN,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  was  born  Feb.  15. 
1867,  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  He  entered 
the  Glasgow  university,  where  he  secured 
a  prize  for  excellence  in  mental  philoso 
phy.  In  1886  he  was  ordained  as  a  min 
ister,  and  in  1892  became  university  fel 
low  in  the  Columbian  university.  In  the 
summer  of  1893  he  visited  the  libraries 
of  England  and  the  continent  for  the 
purpose  of  investigating  medieval  litera 
ture;  and  in  1894  was  elected  to  the  pres 
idency  of  Amity  college,  Iowa,  where  he 
has  since  labored  with  much  zeal  and 
success.  During  1892-96  he  was  depart 
ment  editor  of  the  Christian  Nation  of 
New  York  city;  and  is  the  author  of  nu 
merous  educational  and  scientific  works. 


IIKIiKINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


591 


LIVERMORE.  ABIEL  ABBOT,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
•Oct.  30,  1811,  in  Wilton,  N.  H.  He  was  a 
Unitarian  clergyman  who  was  president  of 
the  Theological  seminary  at  Meadville, 
Pa.,  from  1863  until  his  death.  He  was 
the  author  of  Lectures  to  Young  Men; 
Discourses;  Commentaries  on  the  Gospels, 
Acts,  Romans,  Corinthians  to  Philemon, 
Hebrews  to  Revelations;  The  Marriage 
Offering;  and  History  of  Wilton,  New 
Hampshire.  He  died  in  1892. 

LIVERMORE,  ARTHUR,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  26,  1776,  in 
Londonderry,  N.  H.  He  was  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  Hampshire 
from  1799  to  1816;  a  presidential  elector 
in  1801;  and  from  1825  to  1833  judge  of 
the  common  pleas.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1817  to  1821,  and 
from  1823  to  1825.  He  died  July  1,  1853, 
in  Campton,  N.  H. 

LIVERMORE,  EDWARD  ST.  LOE,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  April  5,  1762, 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  was  United 
States  circuit  attorney,  and  judge  of  the 
state  superior  court  from  1797  to  1799. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1807  to  1812.  He  removed  to  Boston,  Mass., 
in  1813.  He  died  Sept.  22,  1832,  in  Lowell, 
Mass. 

LIVERMORE,  GEORGE,  antiquarian, 
was  born  July  10,  1809,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  wrote  for  the  newspapers  and 
reviews  on  subjects  of  a  bibliographical 
or  historical  character,  his  articles  dis 
playing  extensive  research.  Among  them 
may  be  mentioned  one  on  the  New  Eng 
land  Primer,  in  the  Cambridge  Chronicle 
(1849),  and  another  on  Public  Libraries 
in  the  North  American  Review.  He  died 
Aug.  30,  1865,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

LIVERMORE,  MRS.  MARY  ASHTON 
[RICE],  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
19,  1821,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  is  a  noted 
lecturer  upon  temperance  and  woman-suf 
frage  whose  home  is  in  Melrose,  Mass. 
:She  is  the  author  of  Superfluous  Women, 
and  Other  Lectures;  Pen  Pictures;  Thirty 
Years  Too  Late:  a  Temperance  Tale; 
What  Shall  we  Do  with  Our  Daughters?; 
•and  My  Story  of  the  War. 

LIVERMORE,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  14, 
1732,  in  Waltham,  Mass.  He  was  judge 
'advocate  of  the  admiralty  before  the  revo 
lution;  and  subsequently  judge  of  the  su 
perior  court  of  New  Hampshire.  He  was 
a  senator  in  congress  from  1793  to  1801, 
when  he  resigned;  and  was  president  pro 
tempore  of  that  body  during  two  sessions. 
He  died  May  18,  1803,  in  Holderness,  N.  H. 

LIVERMORE,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1786.  He  is  a  lawyer 
of  New  Orleans;  and  the  author  of  Trea 
tise  on  Law  of  Principal  and  Agent  and 
Sales  by  Auction;  and  Contrariety  of 
Laws  of  Different  States  and  Nations.  He 
•died  in  1833,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

LIVINGSTON,  AMBROSE  HAYDON. 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1850, 
in  Albany,  Ky.  He  has  been  circuit  at 
torney,  prosecuting  Attorney;  has  at 
tained  success  as  a  criminal  lawyer  and 
statesman;  and  has  a  lucrative  practice 
at  West  Plains,  Mo.  He  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  Missouri 
state  legislature;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
•democratic  national  convention  in  1884; 
and  the  P.  "P.  national  convention  of  1896. 

LIVINGSTON,  BROCKHOLST,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1757,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1802  he  became  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York;  and 
in  1806  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
-died  March  19,  1823.  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


LIVINGSTON,  CHARLES  ONDIS,  man 
ufacturer,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1841,  in  Con- 
toonville,  N.  H.  He  was  the  first  man 
to  bring  an  ice  machine  to  Florida  and 
produce  ice  by  steam  power. 

LIVINGSTON,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  author,  was  born  May 
26,  1764,  in  Clermont,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
representative  t  o 
congress  from  New 
York  city  in  1795- 
1802;  and  was  then 
appointed  United 
States  attorney  for 
the  district  of  New 
York,  and  was  also 
mayor  of  the  city. 
He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  con 
gress  from  Louisiana 
from  1823  to  1829; 
was  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1829  to  1831,  when  he 
was  appointed  secretary  of  state.  In  1833 
he  was  made  minister  to  France.  His 
Penal  Code  is  considered  a  monument  of 
his  profound  learning;  and  he  also  wrote 
Criminal  Jurisprudence,  and  other  works. 
He  died  May  23,  1836,  in  Rhinebeck,  N.  X. 
LIVINGSTON,  HENRY  BEEKMAN. 
soldier,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1750,  in  Cler 
mont,  N.  Y.  For  his  services  in  the  cap 
ture  of  Chambly  in  1775  he  was  voted 
a  sword  of  honor  by  congress  in  December 
of  that  year.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1831,  in 
Rhinebeck,  N.  Y. 

LIVINGSTON,  HENRY  WALTER,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1768,  in  Livingston 
Manor,  N.  Y.  In  1792  he  was  secretary  to 
Mr.  Morris,  ambassador  to  France;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1803  to  1807.  He  died 
Dec.  22,  1810,  in  Livingston  Manor,  N.  Y. 

LIVINGSTON,  JOHN  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  was  born  May  30,  1746,  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.  He  came  to  New  York  in 
September,  1770,  and  at  once  entered  on 
the  active  duties  of  his  pastorate,  having 
the  North  Dutch  church  at  the  corner  of 
Fulton  and  William  streets  under  his 
charge.  He  continued  in  this  office  until 
1810.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1825,  in  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.  J. 

LIVINGSTON.  JOHN  WILLIAM,  naval 
officer,  was  born  May  22,  1804,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1824  he  was  appointed  mid 
shipman  in  the  United  States  navy  from 
New  York,  and  served  in  the  Mediter 
ranean  squadron  during  the  war  with  the 
pirates.  In  1862  he  was  made  commo 
dore;  and  in  1868  he  was  commissioned 
rear-admiral;  and  in  1874  placed  on  the 
retired  list.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1885,  in  New 
York  city. 

LIVINGSTON,    LEONIDAS   F.,   soldier, 
farmer,   state  senator,   congressman,   was 
born  April  3,  1832,  in  Newton  county,  Ga. 
He  was  a  private  sol 
dier  in  the  confeder 
ate  army   from   1861 
/  ^         to  1865.     He  was  for 

^^^^     A         two  terms  a  member 
^        of  the  house  of  rep- 
<      .*  resentatives;  and  one 
^•^         •,       'i   term    a    member    of 
p  the  state  senate.    He 

<fc— •  ^K  I  was  cnairman  of  the 
—^  .^^fSt  committee  on  agri 
culture  in  both  the 
house  and  senate.  He 
was  vice-president  of 
the  Georgia  State  Agricultural  society  for 
eleven  years  and  president  of  the  same  for 
four  years;  and  was  president  of  the 
Georgia  alliance  for  three  years.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fif 
ty-fourth,  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 


LIVINGSTON,  MRS.  MARGARET 
VERE  [FARRINGTON],  author,  was 
born  in  1863,  in  Maine.  She  is  the  author 
of  Tales  of  King  Arthur  and  His  Knights; 
and  Fra  Lippo  Lippi,  a  Romance  of  Flor 
ence. 

LIVINGSTON,  PETER  VAN  BRUGH, 
merchant,  congressman,  was  born  in  Oct 
ober,  1710,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  first  and  second  provincial  con 
gresses  of  New  York'  in  1775-76,  being 
president  of  the  first  congress.  In  1776 
he  was  made  treasurer  of  the  congress, 
and  held  that  office  for  two  years,  also 
participating  in  all  of  the  pre-revolution- 
ary  measures.  He  died  Dec.  28,  1792,  in 
Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 

LIVINGSTON,  PHILIP,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1716,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  successful  merchant  of  New  York  city; 
and  was  an  alderman  for  four  years.  He 
sen  ed  several  years  in  the  state  legisla 
ture.  He  was  a  delegate  to  congress  from 
1774  to  1778;  and  was  a  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence.  He  subse 
quently  served  in  the  senate  of  New  York. 
He  died  June  12,  1778,  in  York,  Pa. 

LIVINGSTON,  ROBERT  LE  ROY,  sol 
dier,  congressman.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  the  sixth  con 
gressional  district  of  New  York  from  1809 
to  1813,  but  resigned  in  1812.  He  was  then 
appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  infantry. 

LIVINGSTON,  ROBERT  R.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  diplomat,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  27, 1747.  In  1775  he  was  elected 
to  the  assembly  from 
Dutchess  county,  N. 
Y.;  the  same  year  he 
was  sent  as  a  dele 
gate  to  the  continen 
tal  congress,  serving 
until  1777;  and  was 
a  member  of  the 
committee  for 
draughting  the  dec 
laration  of  independ 
ence.  He  was  also  a 
delegate  from  1779  to 
1781,  and  in  the  lat 
ter  year  was  appointed  secretary  for  for 
eign  affairs.  He  was  appointed  chancel 
lor  of  New  York  under  the  new  constitu 
tion,  and  filled  that  office  until  1801.  In 
1801  he  accepted  the  appointment  of  min 
ister  to  France.  He  introduced  merino 
sheep  and  gypsum  into  New  York.  He 
published  an  oration  delivered  before  the 
Cincinnati  society  in  1787,  and  Essays  on 
Agriculture;  and  Essays  on  Sheep.  He 
died  Feb.  26,  1813,  in  Clermont,  N.  Y. 

LIVINGSTON,  WALTER,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  New  York  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1784  and  1785. 
He  died  May  14,  1797,  in  New  York  city. 

LIVINGSTON,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
governor,  author,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1723. 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1758  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  assembly.  He  purchased 
a  tract  of  land  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.; 
built  a  house  called  Liberty  Hall,  and  re 
moved  there  in  1773,  where  he  resided 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  was 
elected  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  in  1774;  re-elected  in  1775;  and  was 
recalled  June  5  to  command,  as  brigadier- 
general,  the  state  militia.  He  succeeded 
William  Franklin  (deposed)  as  governor 
in  1776,  and  held  the  office  until  his  death. 
In  1787  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  constitu 
tional  convention.  He  was  the  author  of 
a  poem  called  Philosophical  Solitude;  and 
also  Review  of  the  Military  Operations  in 
North  America;  and  Digest  of  the  Laws 
of  New  York.  He  died  July  25,  1780,  in 
Elizabeth,  N.  J. 


592 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    CF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LLOYD,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1656,  in  Wales.  In  1689  he  was 
clerk  of  the  Pennsylvania  assembly;  and 
in  1693-94  he  was  returned  as  a  member 
of  that  body.  In  1703  he  accepted  the 
office  of  deputy  judge  and  advocate  to  the 
admiralty.  He  died  in  1731,  in  Pennsyl 
vania. 

LLOYD,  DAVID  DEMAREST.  journal 
ist,  playwright,  was  born  in  1851,  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  journalist  and  playwright 
of  New  York  city.  His  plays  include,  For 
Congress;  The  Woman  Hater;  The  Dom 
inie's  Daughter;  and  The  Senator.  He 
died  in  1889. 

LLOYD,  EDWARD,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  governor,  United  States  sena 
tor.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental 
congress  in  1783  and  1784;  a  member  of 
congress  from  1806  to  1809;  and  governor 
of  Maryland  from  1809  to  1811.  He  was 
a  United  States  senator  from  Maryland 
from  1819  to  1826,  when  he  resigned.  He 
died  June  2,  1834,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 

LLOYD,  HENRY,  state  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1852,  in  Ham- 
brooke,  Md.  He  was  auditor  of  the  cir 
cuit  court  for  Dorchester  county,  Md., 
from  1874  to  1884,  and  a  portion  of  that 
time  was  also  clerk  and  treasurer  to  the 
commissioners  of  the  town  of  Cambridge. 
In  1881  he  was  elected  a  state  senator; 
and  in  1884  was  elected  president  of  the 
state  senate.  In  1885  he  became  governor 
of  Maryland,  ex-offlcio;  and  in  1886  he 
was  elected  governor  of  the  state  for  the 
unexpired  term  ending  in  1888. 

LLOYD,  HENRY  DEMAREST,  author, 
was  born  in  1847,  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
writer  of  Winnetka,  111.,  but  formerly  a 
journalist  of  Chicago;  and  the  author  of 
A  Strike  of  Millionaires  against  Miners, 
or  the  Story  of  Spring  Valley;  and  Wealth 
Against  Commonwealth. 

LLOYD,  JAMES,  United  States  senator, 
was  born'  in  1769,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1808  to  1813,  when  he  re 
signed;  and  again  from  1822  to  1826.  He 
died  April  5,  1831,  in  New  York  city. 

LLOYD,  JAMES,  United  States  senator. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1797  to  1800,  when  he  resigned. 

LLOYD,  JAMES  T.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1857,  in  Canton, 
Mo.  Since  1885  he  has  practiced  law  in 
Shelbyville,  Mo.  He  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  his  county  from  1889  to  1893, 
until  his  election  to  congress.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat  at  a  special  election  held  in 
1897,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

LLOYD,  JOHN  URI,  chemist,  was  born 
April  19,  1849,  in  West  Bloomfield,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  distinguished  chemist,  and  for 
many  years  filled  the  chair  of  chemistry 
in  various  pharmacies  of  Cleveland,  Ohio; 
and  has  been  president  of  the  American 
Pharmaceutical  association. 

LLOYD,  THOMAS,  governor,  was  born 
about  1640,  in  Wales.  He  succeeded  Penn 
as  deputy  governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
served  during  1684-88.  He  died  July  10, 
1694. 

LLOYD,  WILLIAM  FRANKLIN,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  Nov. 
25,  1855,  in  Taylor  county,  Ga.  He  has 
been  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  leading 
churches  in  Georgia  and  Texas;  and  pre 
siding  elder  of  a  district  in  the  methodist 
episcopal  church  south.  Since  1894  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Polytechnic  college 
of  Fort  Worth,  Tex. 

LOAN,  BENJAMIN  F.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1819,  in  Hard- 
insburg,  Ky.  When  the  rebellion  broke 
out  in  1861  he  took  an  active  part  in  mil 


itary  affairs,  and  was  appointed  a  briga 
dier-general.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Missouri  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  congresses. 

LOCHMAN,  AUGUSTUS  HERMAN, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1802, 
in  Lebanon,  Pa.  He  became  pastor  of  the 
Lutheran  church  at  Harrisburg,  Pa., 
which  he  served  for  forty-four  years.  He 
has  translated  several  volumes  from  the 
German,  which  have  been  published  by 
the  Lutheran  board  of  publication  in  its 
Fatherland  series. 

LOCHMAN,  JOHN  GEORGE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1773,  in 
Philadelphia.  In  1815  he  became  pastor 
at  Harrisburg,  where  he  remained  until 
his  death.  He  published  a  Farewell  Ser 
mon;  Introductory  Sermon;  History, 
Doctrine,  and  Discipline  of  the  Lutheran 
Church;  Evangelical  Catechism;  and  va 
rious  sermons  and  addresses.  He  died 
July  10,  1826,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

LOCHRANE,  OSBORNE  AUGUSTUS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1829,  in 
Ireland.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Georgia, 
but  resigned  in  December  of  that  year  and 
resumed  practice  at  the  bar.  He  died 
June  17,  1887,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

LOCKARD,  FRANCIS  MARION,  mer 
chant,  state  senator,  was  born  Sept.  15, 
1855,  in  Coshocton,  Ohio.  He  is  a  success 
ful  merchant  of  Norton,  Kan.;  and  dur 
ing  1888-92  served  with  distinction  as  a 
senator  in  the  Kansas  state  legislature. 

LOCKARD,  LORENZO  B.,  merchant, 
oil  producer,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1838,  in 
Hanover,  Pa.  When  a  boy  he  was  im 
bued  with  strong  abolition  principles; 
went  to  Kansas,  and  served  one  year  in 
the  border  ruffian  war  under  old  John 
Brown.  He  subsequently  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business  in  Salem,  Ohio;  was 
elected  mayor  of  that  city  in  1860,  and 
filled  the  office  five  consecutive  times.  In 
1876  he  moved  to  the  oil  regions  of  Penn 
sylvania,  and  became  a  successful  oil  pro 
ducer.  In  1881  he  was  elected  grand  pro 
tector  of  the  Knights  and  Ladies  of  Honor 
of  Pennsylvania,  which  office  he  filled  for 
four  terms;  and  since  1891  has  been  su 
preme  protector. 

LOCKE,  DAVID  ROSS— PETROLEUM 
V.  NASBY — journalist,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  20,  1833,  in  Vestal,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  widely  known  political  humorist 
whose  satires  had  much  effect  upon 
public  opinion.  He  was  the  author  of 
A  Paper  City,  a  novel;  Swingin'  Round 
the  Cirkle;  The  Moral  History  of  Ame 
rica's  Life  Struggle;  Ekkoes  from  Ken 
tucky;  Struggles  of  Petroleum  V.  Nasby; 
Nasby  in  Exile;  Morals  of  Abou  Ben  Ad- 
hem;  The  Demagogue,  a  novel;  and  Han 
nah  Jane,  a  poem.  He  died  Feb.  15,  1888, 
in  Toledo,  Ohio. 

LOCKE,  EDWIN,  educator,  clergyman, 
was  born  Feb.  9,  1857,  in  Brookville,  Ind. 
He  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Kansas  City, 
Kan.  For  several  years  he  filled  the  chair 
of  ancient  languages  in  the  Shaw  univer 
sity;  and  has  been  assistant  editor  of  The 
Daily  Christian  Advocate. 

LOCKE,  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
statesman,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1766,  in  Ro 
wan  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  a  judge 
of  the  superior  court  in  1803;  and  was 
chosen  a  senator  in  congress  for  the  years 
1814  and  1815  from  his  native  state,  but 
appears  not  to  have  taken  his  seat.  He 
died  Jan.  8,  1823,  in  Rowan  county,  N.  C. 

LOCKE,  J.  FRANK,  clergyman,  physi 
cian,  jurist,  author,  was  born  April  27, 
1846,  in  Ossipee.  N.  H.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  village  academies  of  New 
Hampton,  N.  H.;  attended  the  Theologi 


cal  college;  and  for  many  years  was  a 
clergyman  of  the  congregational  church. 
He  served  with  distinction  during  the 
war,  and  was  promoted  to  colonel;  and 
has  been  district  commander  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic.  He  served  as  judge 
of  probate;  has  been  United  States  ex 
amining  surgeon  for  pensions;  and  is  a 
prominent  officer  in  Masonic  lodges, 
Knights  of  Maccabees,  Modern  Woodmen, 
and  other  fraternal  bodies  of  Long  Prai 
rie,  Minn. 

LOCKE,  JAMES  W.,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1837,  in  Wil 
mington,  Vt.  He  received  a  high  school 
and  academic  educa 
tion;  and  subse 
quently  was  engaged 
in  educational  work. 
He  then  studied  law 
and  has  attained 
prominence  as  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers 
of  Florida.  During 
the  war  he  was  in 
the  naval  service  and 
at  its  close  settled  in 
Key  West,  Fla.  He 
has  been  county 
judge;  has  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Florida  state  senate.  In 
1872  he  was  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  judge  for  the  southern  district  of 
Florida;  and  has  filled  that  high  office 
to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  his  state. 

LOCKE,  MRS.  JANE  ERMINIA 
[STARKWEATHER],  poet,  was  born 
April  25,  1805,  in  Worthington,  Mass.  She 
was  a  poet  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of 
Poems;  Rachel,  or  the  Little  Mourner: 
Boston,  a  Poem;  and  Eulogy  in  Rhyme 
on  the  Death  of  Webster.  She  died  March 
8,  1859,  in  Ashburnham,  Mass. 

LOCKE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1764,  in  Hopkinton,  Mass. 
From  1823  to  1829  he  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  the  Worcester  north  dis 
trict;  in  1830  was  a  state  senator  from 
Middlesex  county,  Mass.;  and  in  1831  was 
a  member  of  the  executive  council.  He 
died  March  29,  1855,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

LOCKE,  JOHN,  physicist,  was  born  Feb. 
19,  1792,  in  Freeburg,  Maine.  He  made 
various  improved  arid  original  instru 
ments  for  use  in  optics,  physics,  electrici 
ty,  and  magnetism,  among  which  were 
the  gravity  escapement  for  regulator- 
clocks  which  has  never  been  surpassed; 
and  his  electro-chronograph  subsequent 
ly  purchased  for  the  United  States  naval 
observatory  at  an  expense  of  $10,000;  al 
so  a  spirit-level  which  is  still  in  use 
among  civil  engineers.  He  died  July  10, 
1856,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

LOCKE,  JOHN  STAPLES,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1836.  He  is  a  writer  of  Saco, 
Maine;  and  the  author  of  Shores  of  Saco 
Bay;  Historical  Sketches  of  Old  Orchard; 
The  Art  of  Correspondence;  A  Brave 
Struggle,  a  novel;  Pleasing  Rhymes  for 
Happy  Times;  and  Bright  Hours. 

LOCKE,  JOSEPH  ALVAH,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  December,  1843, 
in  Biddeford,  Maine.  He  has  been  on  the 
school  committee  of  Portland,  and  the 
board  of  trustees  of  Kent's  Hill  seminary, 
and  made  its  president;  and  has  repre 
sented  the  city  twice  in  the  house,  and  his 
district  twice  in  the  senate  of  the  legisla 
ture,  in  1880  being  its  president. 

LOCKE,  MATTHEW,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1730,  near  Salisbury,  N.  C.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  congress  at  Halifax 
in  1776,  which  formed  the  constitution  of 
North  Carolina;  and  was  a  representative 
in  the  congress  of  the  United  States  from 
1793  to  1799.  He  also  served  in  the  legis 
lature.  He  died  Sept.  7,  1801,  in  Salisbury, 
N.  C. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


593 


LOCKE,  MAURICE  E.,  educator,  law 
yer,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1861,  in  Frankfort, 
111.  In  1876  he  graduated  from  the  high 
school  of  Kentland,  Ind.;  attended  a  nor 
mal  school  at  Valparaiso,  and  studied  sev 
eral  languages  under  private  tutors.  In 
early  life  he  taught  school;  then  was  en 
gaged  in  journalistic  work;  and  in  1879 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  For  three  years 
he  was  president  of  a  national  bank;  and 
subsequently  has  been  successfully  en 
gaged  in  other  businesses.  In  1891  he  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Dallas. 

LOCKE,  POWHATTAN  B.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  removed 
to  Missouri;  and  was  appointed  a  judge 
of  the  United  States  court  for  the  territory 
of  Nevada,  residing  at  Carson  City. 

LOCKE,  SAMUEL,  educator,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1732,  in  Woburn,  Mass.  He  was 
ordained  a  minister  at  Sherburne  in  1759, 
and  retained  this  pastorate  till  1769,  when 
he  was  appointed  president  of  Harvard. 
He  died  Jan.  15,  1778,  in  Sherburne,  Mass. 

LOCKE,    SYLVANUS   DYER,   inventor, 
was  born  Sept.   11,  1833,  in  Richfield,  N. 
Y.     In  his  youth  he  was  a  civil  engineer 
on     the     Mississippi 
^•HPPHVHfe         river,     and     on     the 
Wisconsin       Central 
railroad.    In  1861  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar;   and   during  the 
war  received  a  lieu 
tenant's    commission 
in  a  company  of  Wis 
consin        volunteers. 
He  was  county  sur 
veyor,  and  city  engi- 

neer     of     Janesville, 

.  Wis.,  for  eight  years. 

He  was  the  inventor  of  the  automatic 
grain  binder,  which  was  first  manufac 
tured  in  1870  at  the  W.  A.  Wood  Company's 
manufactory  at  Hoosick  Falls,  N.  Y.  Elev 
en  distinct  features  embraced  in  this  ma 
chine  are  now  used  by  all  manufacturers 
of  binders.  He  owned  seventy-four  pat 
ents  on  harvesters  and  binders,  besides 
thirty  patents  on  other  inventions,  in 
cluding  hop-pickers,  car-couplers,  railway 
cross-tie,  snow  melting  apparatus  for  city 
streets,  self-closing  gas  burner,  and  vote 
recorder,  and  mail  bag.  In  1883  he  was 
elected  assemblyman  from  his  district.  His 
last  invention,  just  completed  when  death 
claimed  him,  was  the  automatic  steel  link 
drive  chain  machine. 

LOCKETT,  J.  B.,  educator,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  1868,  in  Austin,  Tex.  After  re 
ceiving  a  liberal  education  he  commenced 
educational  work.  He  subsequently 
studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
is  now  a  leading  lawyer  of  the  Indiana 
territory  at  Duncan;  where  he  has  been 
connected  with  some  of  the  most  promi 
nent  litigations  of  the  territory.  He  has 
also  taken  a  prominent  part  in  political 
affairs. 

LOCKHART,  ARTHUR  JOHN,   clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  May  5,  1850,  in  Lock- 
hartville,  Nova  Scotia.     He  started  in  life 
as     a     printer,     and 
subsequently  became 
a  noted  clergyman  of 
the    methodist    epis 
copal       church       of 
Maine.     He  lias  writ 
ten  essays  and  other 
articles    for   the    pe 
riodical  press,  and  is 
I    the    author    of    two 
I    volumes     of     poems 
^k         fl         I   entitled  The  Mask  of 
!•     •!  I    Minstrels;      and    Be 

side    the    Narragau- 
gus,  besides  other  works. 


LOCKHART,  FRED  T.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  June  11,  1850,  in  Lincoln  county, 
Ga.  He  received  his  education  in  the  uni 
versities  of  Georgia  and  Virginia;  and  is 
now  a  successful  lawyer  of  Augusta,  Ga., 
and  attorney  for  three  railroads  in  that 
state.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  enti 
tled  Told  By  a  Child,  and  other  works. 

LOCKHART,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1806,  in 
Auburn,  N.  Y.  He  removed  to  Indiana 
in  1832;  and  in  1841  and  1842  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney.  From  1845  to  1851 
he  was  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  dis 
trict,  when  he  resigned.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1851  to  1853.  He  died  Sept.  7,  1857, 
in  Evansville,  Ind. 

LOCKHART,  JAMES  ALEXANDER, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  2,  1850,  in  Anson  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  elected  to  the  house  of  representa 
tives  of  the  general  assembly  in  1878, 
and  to  the  North  Carolina  state  senate  in 
1880.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

LOCKNEY,  HENRY  CALVIN,  farmer, 
merchant,  lawyer,  was  born  April  26,  1855, 
in  Burnersville,  W.  Va.  In  1875  he  began 
teaching  school  in  Arnoldsburg,  W.  Va., 
and  followed  his  profession  for  several 
years  in  the  adjoining  counties.  In  1880 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  became 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Clay  county,  which 
position  he  filled  during  1887-96.  In  1892 
he  declined  the  nomination  for  state  su 
perintendent  of  free  schools.  He  has  been 
state  secretary  of  the  Farmers'  Mutual 
Benefit  association  ever  since  its  organi 
zation  in  West  Virginia;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  National  alliance  and  Industrial 
union  in  1894;  and  has  filled  various  other 
positions  of  honor.  He  is  also  a  successful 
farmer  and  stock  dealer;  and  owns  sev 
eral  farms  near  Arnoldsburg,  W.  Va. 

LOCKWOOD,  BELVA  A.,  lawyer,  re 
former,  lecturer,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1830, 
in  Royalton,  N.  Y.  By  her  efforts,  a  law 
was  passed  equaliz 
ing  the  salaries  of 
male  and  female 
government  e  m  - 
ployees.  In  the  year 
1873  she  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  be 
fore  the  appellate 
court  of  the  District 
of  Columbia.  In  1877 
she  applied  for  the 
right  to  practice  be 
fore  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United 
States.  She  was  refused  simply  because 
she  was  a  woman.  She  thereupon  pre 
sented  to  congress  a  bill,  which  was 
passed,  authorizing  women  to  practice  law 
in  the  United  States  courts. 

LOCKWOOD,  DANIEL  NEWTON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  June  1,  1844, 
in  Hamburg.  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

LOCKWOOD,  HENRY  HAYES,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1814,  in  Kent 
county,  Del.  He  was  a  United  States  army 
officer;  and  the  author  of  Manual  of  Na 
val  Batteries;  and  Exercises  in  Small 
Arms. 

LOCKWOOD.  HOMER  NICHOLS,  state 
legislator,  topographer,  was  born  June  23, 
1833,  in  Victory,  N.  Y.  He  aided  in  build 
ing  the  New  York  Southern-Central  rail 
road  in  1865-71;  and  in  1866-67  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature. 

LOCKWOOD,  HOWARD,  publisher,  was 
born  March  9,  1846,  in  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 
In  1872  he  established  the  Paper  Trade 
Journal,  from  which  has  grown  the  large 


business  known  as  the  Lockwood  Press. 
He  died  Nov.  4,  1892,  in  New  York  city. 

LOCKWOOD,  INGERSOLL,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  in  1841,  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  lecturer  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  The  Travels  of  Little  Baron 
Trump;  Wonderful  Deeds  of  Little  Giant 
Roab;  Extraordinary  Experience  of  Little 
Captain  Doppelkopp;  and  Baron  Trump's 
Journey  Underground. 

LOCKWOOD,  J.  A.  J.,  soldier.  He  served 
with  distinction  through  the  civil  war; 
and  was  promoted  to  brigadier-general. 
He  is  now  a  resident  of  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

LOCKWOOD,  JAMES  BOOTH,  explorer, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1852,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 
In  1882  he  set  out  on  an  expedition  to  the 
north  pole,  a  journey  which  fixes  his  fame 
as  an  arctic  explorer.  He  died  April  9, 
1884,  in  Cape  Sabine. 

LOCKWOOD,  JOHN,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Nov.  13,  1836,  in  Lenawee  coun 
ty,  Mich.  He  is  president  of  the  Rock- 
port,  Langdon  and  Northern  railway  at 
Rockport,  Mo. 

LOCKWOOD,  MARIAN  LEROY,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  May  15,  1849,  in  Lenawee 
county,  Mich.  She  has  written  extensive 
ly  for  current  magazines  and  newspapers, 
and  is  now  the  editor  and  part  owner  of 
The  Light  of  Easton,  Kan. 

LOCKWOOD,  MARY  SMITH,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  24,  1831,  in  Hanover,  N.  Y. 
She  is  the  author  of  Handbook  of  Ceramic 
Art;  and  The  Historic  Homes  of  Wash 
ington;  and  also  writes  for  magazines 
and  papers. 

LOCKWOOD,  RALPH  INGERSOLL, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1798,  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Rosine  Laval,  a 
novel;  The  Insurgents,  a  novel;  and 
Lockwood's  Reversed  Cases.  He  died  in 
1855. 

LOCKWOOD,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1819,  in  England. 
He  was  a  reformed  Dutch  clergyman  who 
after  1867  was  school  superintendent  of 
Monmouth  county,  N.  J.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Temperance,  Fortitude,  Justice; 
The  American  Oyster;  Abnormal  Entozoa 
in  Man;  The  Life  of  an  Oyster;  and  Ani 
mal  Memoirs.  He  died  in  1894. 

LOCKWOOD,  VIRGIL  HOMER,  lawyer, 
was  born  May  6, 1860,  in  Fort  Branch,  Ind. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  high 
school  of  his  native  city;  at  the  DePauw 
university,  and  the  university  of  Virginia. 
He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  has  attained  prominence  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

LOCKWOOD,  WILLIAM  F.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,    was   born    in    Connecticut.      He   re 
moved  to  Nebraska;     and  was  appointed 
an  associate  justice  of  that  territory,  re- 
>•  siding  at  Dakota  City. 

LODGE,  GILES  HENRY,  physician, 
author,  was  born  March  13,  1805,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of  Bos 
ton;  and  the  author  of  a  scholarly  trans 
lation  of  Winckelmann's  History  of  An 
cient  Art.  He  died  in  1880. 

LODGE,  HARRIET  NEWELL,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1848,  in  Madison, 
Ind.  She  received  a  liberal  education,  and; 
graduated  from  the  Western  Female  sem 
inary  of  Oxford,  Ohio.  She  has  contribu 
ted  to  our  best  literature  in  prose  and 
verse;  and  is  the  author,  among  other 
things,  of  an  exquisite  brochure  on  the 
Poetical  Significance  of  Flowers;  and  of 
a  very  charming  romance  entitled 
Blaiseman.  She  is  the  daughter  of 
Henry  R.  Newell,  a  prominent  manufac 
turer,  and  the  wife  of  James  Irwin  Lodge 
of  Indianapolis,  Ind.;  and  their  son,  Caleb 
Newell  Lodge,  is  a  rising  young  lawyer  of 
that  city. 


594 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LODGE.  HENRY  CABOT,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  author,  was  born  May 
12,  1850,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  received 
his  education  at  private  schools;  gradu 
ated  from  Harvard  college  in  1871;  and 
from  the  Harvard  law  school  in  1874. 
He  served  two  terms  as  member  of  the 
house  of  representatives  of  the  Massachu 
setts  legislature;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  and  fifty- 
third  congresses.  He  was  elected  to  the 
senate  Jan.  17,  1893,  to  succeed  Henry  L. 
Dawes;  resigned  his  seat  in  the  house 
and  took  his  seat  in  the  senate  March  4, 
1893.  His  term  of  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1899.  He  is  the  author  of  Essay 
on  Anglo-Saxon  Land  Law;  Life  and  Let 
ters  of  George  Cabot;  Short  History  of 
the  English  Colonies  in  America;  Lives 
of  Washington,  Webster,  Hamilton;  Stu 
dies  in  History;  Historical  and  Political 
Essays;  Speeches;  History  of  Boston;  and 
Hero  Tales  from  American  History. 

LODGE.  LEE  DAVIS,  educator,  philoso 
pher,  author,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1865,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Md.  In  1885  he  grad 
uated  from  the  Columbian  university 
with  the  degree  of  M.  A.  He  was  immedi 
ately  elected  tutor  of  Greek  and  English 
in  his  alma  mater;  in  1886  was  chosen 
professor  of  Latin;  and  since  1887  he  has 
filled  the  chair  of  French  language  and 
literature.  His  work  entitled  A  Study  in 
Corneille,  traces  carefully  the  develop 
ment  of  the  French  drama.  He  is  now 
writing  a  History  of  French  Philosophy, 
on  which  subject  he  is  an  authority. 

LOEB,  ALBERT  I.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Jan.  22,  1872,  in  Helena,  Mont. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  high 
school  of  his  native  city,  the  university 
of  Michigan,  and  received  the  degree  of 
bachelor  of  laws  at  Ann  Arbor,  in  1892. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  fifth  leg 
islative  assembly  of  the  state  of  Montana 
from  Lewis  and  Clarke  county;  and  was 
the  first  person  in  the  state  of  Montana 
to  represent  a  county  of  his  nativity  in 
the  legislature  of  the  state;  he  served  as 
speaker  pro  tempore  of  the  house.  He  was 
first  president  of  the  society  of  Sons  and 
Daughters  of  Montana  Pioneers,  and  has 
filled  various  positions  of  trust  in  his 
oounty  and  state. 

LOENNECKER,  MARTIN  G.,  journal 
ist,  was  born  May  21,  1845,  in  Germany. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  In 
dustrial  News  of  Jackson,  Mich.;  has  been 
mayor  of  his  city;  and  was  active  in  the 
organization  of  the  people's  party. 

LOEW,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1834,  in 
Germany.  In  1869  he  was  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  of  New  York  city, 
resigning  that  position  in  1875,  when  he 
returned  to  the  active  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 

LOFLAND,  JAMES  R.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1823,  in  Mil- 
ford,  Del.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Dela 
ware  state  senate  in  1849;  and  secretary 
of  state  in  1855  and  1859.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  paymaster  in  the  army  in  1863, 
and  resigned  in  1867.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-third  congress  as  a  republican. 

LOGAN,  ALGERNON  S.,  poet.  He  is  a 
writer  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  his  poems 
having  appeared  in  the  periodical  press 
generally,  and  in  book  form. 

LOGAN,  BENJAMIN,  pioneer,  was  born 
about  1752,  in  Augusta  county,  Va.  In 
1775  he  joined  Daniel  Boone  and  others; 
and  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Kentucky. 
He  died  Dec.  11,  1802,  in  Shelby  county, 
Ky. 

LOGAN,  CORNELIUS  AMBROSIUS, 
dramatist,  was  born  May  4,  1806,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  a  dramatist  and  thea 


trical  manager  of  Cincinnati, among  whose 
plays  are  The  Wag  of  Maine;  The  Wool 
Dealer;  and  Yankee  Land.  He  died  Feb. 
23,  1853,  in  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

LOGAN,  CORNELIUS  AMBROSE,  phy 
sician,  diplomat,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
6,  1836,  in  Deerfield,  Mass.  He  is  a  physi 
cian  of  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  minister  to 
Chili  in  1873.  and  1881-83.  He  was  the 
author  of  Sanitary  Relations  of  Kansas; 
Climatology  of  the  Missouri  Valley;  and 
Physics  of  Infectious  Diseases. 

LOGAN,  DANIEL  BOONE.  lawyer,  was 
born  April  23,  1858,  in  Carter  county,  Ky. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Pineville, 
Ky.;  in  1886-87  was  master  commissioner 
of  Rowan  circuit  court:  and  since  1896 
has  been  a  director  of  the  First  National 
bank  of  his  city.  He  takes  an  active  part 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and 
state. 

LOGAN,  GEORGE,  diplomat,  statesman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1753,  in  Stanton, 
Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1801  to  1807.  In  1797 
he  published  Experiments  on  Gypsum: 
and  Rotation  of  Crops.  He  died  April  9, 
1821,  in  Stanton,  Pa. 

LOGAN.  GEORGE,  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1852,  in  Ross 
county,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the 
South  Salem  academy  of  Ohio:  and  for 
twenty  years  was  engaged  in  educational 
work  in  Ohio  and  Montana.  In  1879  he 
was  licensed  to  preach,  and  ten  years  lat 
er  entered  the  active  work  of  a  home  mis 
sionary  of  north  Montana,  in  the  method- 
ist  episcopal  church.  He  has  attained 
eminence  as  a  successful  clergyman,  and 
now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Choteau,  Mont. 

LOGAN,  HENRY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1835  to  1839. 

LOGAN,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  govern 
or,  author,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1674,  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  chief  justice  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  and  founded  the  Loganian  library 
at  Philadelphia.  He  was  the  author  of 
Duties  of  Man;  Defense  of  Aristotle;  Ex- 
perimenta  de  Plantarum  Generatione;  and 
Essays  on  Languages;  a  translation,  with 
notes,  of  Cicero's  De  Senectute,  printed 
by  Franklin  in  1744.  He  died  Oct.  31,  1751, 
near  Germantown,  Pa. 

LOGAN,  JAMES  VENABLE,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  July  11, 
1835,  in  Scott  county.  Ky.  For  a  short  time 
after  1868  he  edited  the  Free  Christian 
Commonwealth,  and  since  then  he  has 
identified  himself  with  Central  university, 
Richmond.  Ky.,  of  which  he  was  elected 
president  in  1880. 

LOGAN,  JOHN,  educator,  legislator, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1856,  in  Winona,  Minn. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  to  the  North  Dako 
ta  legislature,  and  received  the  re-election 
in  1896.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  in  Val 
ley  City,  N.  D. 

LOGAN,  JOHN  ALEXANDER,  soldier, 
statesman,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1826,  in  Jack 
son  county,  111.  He  went  with  the  army 
as  a  private  in  the 
war  with  Mexico, 
and  was  made  quar 
termaster  of  his  reg 
iment.  In  1852  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  and  in  the  same 
year  was  elected  to 
the  Illinois  legisla 
ture.  In  1853  he  was 
appointed  a  prosecut 
ing  attorney:  in  1856 
a  presidential  elect 
or,  and  a  second  time 
elected  to  the  legislature.  In  1858  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 


the  thirty-sixth  congress;  and  re-elected 
to  the  fhirty-seventh  congress.  He  resign 
ed,  and  served  as  a  colonel  in  the  union 
army  in  1861 ;  and  was  subsequently  com 
missioned  a  major-general.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses. 
In  1871  he  took  his  seat  in  the  United 
States  senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1877; 
was  again  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  in  1878  for  the  term  ending  in 
1885;  and  was  re-elected  in  1885.  In  1884 
he  was  the  republican  nominee  for  vice- 
president.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Great  Conspiracy:  and  The  Volunteer 
Soldier  of  America.  He  died  Dec.  26,  1886, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

LOGAN,  JOHN  HENRY,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1822.  in  Abbeville 
district,  S.  C.  He  was  a  physician  who 
was  a  professor  in  the  Medical  college  at 
Atlanta;  and  the  author  of  History  of 
the  Upper  Country  of  South  Carolina;  and 
Students'  Manual  of  Chemico-Physics.  He 
died  March  28,  1885,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

LOGAN,  MILBURN  HILL,  physician, 
surgeon,  chemist,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
5,  1855,  in  Richview,  111.  He  attended  the 
common  schools  and  the  university  of  Cal 
ifornia,  and  graduated  in  medicine  from 
the  California  Medical  college.  He  has 
been  professor  of  chemistry  and  toxicolo 
gy  in  the  California  Medical  college;  and 
is  the  founder  and  president  of  the  Mac 
lean  Hospital  and  Sanitarium  of  San 
Francisco.  He  has  traveled  extensively  in 
Europe,  and  in  1890  represented  the  State 
Eclectic  Medical  society  at  the  interna 
tional  medical  congress  held  in  Berlin. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  System  of  Organic 
Chemistry,  and  various  other  scientific 
works. 

LOGAN.  OLIVE,  author,  lecturer,  was 
born  April  16,  1841,  in  Elmira,  N.  Y.  She 
has  attained  success  as  a  playwright;  and 
has  lectured  on  popular  subjects  of  the 
day. 

LOGAN,  STEPHEN  TRIGG,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Feb.  24.  1800,  in  Franklin 
county,  Ky.  He  went  to  Glasgow,  Ky.,  in 
1817.  Subsequently  he  was  appointed 
commonwealth's  attorney,  and  became 
judge.  He  died  July  17,  1880,  in  Spring 
field,  Mass. 

LOGAN,  SYDNEY  ALGERNON,  author, 
poet,  was  born  May  17,  1849,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  Jesus  in 
Modern  Life;  Messalina,  a  five-act  trag 
edy;  and  three  volumes  of  poems  entitled 
The  Mirror  of  the  Mind;  The  Image  of 
Air;  and  A  Feather  From  the  World's 
Wing. 

LOGAN.  T.  M.,  soldier,  lawyer,  was 
born  Nov.  3.  1840.  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
General  Logan's  boyhood  was  spent  on 
his  father's  plantation;  and  he  received 
his  education  in  Charleston.  He  joined 
the  Washington  light  infantry  as  a  pri 
vate  during  the  siege  of  Fort  Sumter.  He 
was  rapidly  promoted,  and  became  briga 
dier-general.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  married  and  settled  in  Virginia,  and 
practiced  the  profession  of  law  in  Rich 
mond. 

LOGAN,  THOMAS  MULDRUP,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1808,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Topography  of  California;  Cli 
mate  of  California;  and  Meteorological 
Observations  at  Sacramento,  in  reports 
of  the  Smithsonian  institution. 

LOGAN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  8, 
1776,  in  Barrod's  Ford,  Ky.  He  was  fre 
quently  in  the  Kentucky  legislature,  and 
officiated  as  speaker;  and  was  twice  cho 
sen  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals.  He  was 
a  senator  in  congress  during  the  years 
1819  and  1820.  He  died  Aug.  8,  1822,  in 
Shelby  county,  Ky. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


595 


LOICH,  JOHN  EDWARD,  merchant, 
chemist,  was  born  March  10.  1858,  in  New 
York  city.  For  many  years  he  was  a  dis 
tiller  and  chemist  with  the  flrm  of  Skel- 
ley,  Forgarty  and  Skelley  of  New  York 
.city;  and  is  now  president  of  the  Emile 
>G.  Blot  Malt  Whiskey  company. 

LOMASNEY,  RICHARD  T.,  lawyer, 
bank  examiner,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1859,  in 
Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  attended  the  St. 
John's  Roman  catholic  school;  and  in 
1881  graduated  from  the  Union  college. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
,of  his  native  city;  has  served  as  clerk  of 
the  surrogate  court  of  Schenectady  coun 
ty;  and  has  filled  with  distinction  the 
responsible  office  of  state  bank  examiner 
for  the  state  of  New  York. 

LOMAX,  JOHN  TAYLOR,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  author,  was  born  in  January,  1781, 
in  Port  Tobago,  Va.  He  was  a  Virginia 
jurist;  and  the  author  of  Digest  of  United 
States  Real  Property  Laws;  and  Digest  on 
the  Law  of  Executors  and  Administrators. 
He  died  Oct.  10,  1862,  in  Fredericksburg. 
Va. 

LOMAX,  TENNENT,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  29,  1858,  in  Montgomery,  Ala.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  university  of 
Alabama;  studied  law  and  has  become 
prominent  in  his  profession  in  his  native 
city.  He  has  served  as  solicitor  for  the 
county  of  Montgomery;  has  been  secre 
tary  of  the  democratic  state  committee; 
.and  in  1896  was  chairman  of  the  Alabama 
delegation  to  the  national  democratic 
•convention. 

LOMEN,  GUDBRAND  J.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1854,  in  Winne- 
ishiek  county,  Iowa.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Luther  college  of  Decorah, 
Iowa:  and  graduated  from  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  Iowa  state  university. 
During  1878-85  he  was  clerk  of  the  dis 
trict  court  of  Houston  county,  Minn.;  and 
in  1891  served  with  distinction  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Minnesota  state  legislature 
from  St.  Paul. 

LONDON,  GEORGE  MARION,  farmer, 
merchant,  state  legislator,  was  born  Jan. 
21,  1864.  in  Twelve  Mile,  Mo.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  common  schools;  graduated  from 
Farmington  college;  and  for  three  years 
was  engaged  in  educational  work.  He  is 
a  successful  farmer  and  merchant  in  the 
place  of  his  nativity;  and  during  1888-92 
was  prominently  identified  with  the 
Farmers'  alliance  as  an  organizer  and  lec 
turer.  He  was  elected  and  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  thirty- 
ninth  general  assembly  of  Missouri. 

LONG,  ALEXANDER,  lawyer,  congress 
man,   was  born  Dec.  24,  1816,   in   Green 
ville,    Pa.      He    was    educated    at    Gary's 
academy  (now  Farm 
er's    college),    Ohio; 
and  adopted  the  pro 
fession    of    the    law. 
He  practiced  law  in 
Cincinnati;    and  was 
elected    to   the   Ohio 
I  legislature     in     1848 
I  and  1849.     In  1862  he 
I  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative   from   Ohio 
to    the    thirty-eighth 
congress;    and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Chi 
cago  convention  of  1864. 

LONG,  ARMISTEAD  LINDSAY,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  Sept.  .3,  1827,  in 
Campbell  county,  Va.  He  was  appointed 
major  in  the  confederate  army;  and  brig 
adier-general  of  artillery  in  1863.  He  was 
the  author  of  Memoirs  of  Gen.  Robert  E. 
Lee.  He  died  April  29,  1891,  in  Charlottes- 
ville,  Va. 


LONG,  CHARLES  CHAILLE,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  July  2,  1842,  in  Princess 
Anne,  Md.  He  was  a  soldier  who  served 
in  the  federal  army  during  the  civil  war; 
became  colonel  in  the  Egyptian  army  in 
1869;  and  in  1887  was  American  consul- 
general  in  Corea.  He  is  the  author  of  Cen 
tral  Africa;  and  The  Three  Prophets- 
Chinese  Gordon,  the  Mahdi,  Arabi  Pacha. 

LONG.  CHARLES  DEAN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  college  president,  was  born 
June  14,  1841,  in  Grand  Blanc,  Mich.  Dur 
ing  1875-80  he  was  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Genesee  county;  and  in  1885  was  com 
mander  of  the  department  of  Michigan  of 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  In  1887 
he  was  elected  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  state  of  Michigan;  and  in  1891  was 
elected  president  of  the  Detroit  College  of 
Law. 

LONG,  CHESTER  I.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1860,  in  Perry 
county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  Kansas 
state  senate  in  1889;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

LONG,  CLEMENT,  theologian,  educa 
tor,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1806,  in  Hopkinton. 
N.  H.  He  was  lecturer  on  intellectual 
philosophy  and  political  economy  at  Dart 
mouth  in  1851-52,  and  was  professor  of 
the  same  from  1854  until  his  death.  He 
died  Oct.  14.  1861,  in  Hanover,  N.  H. 

LONG,  CRAWFORD  W.,  physician,  was 
born  Nov.  1,  1815,  in  Danielsville,  Ga. 
In  1851  he  moved  to  Athens,  Ga.  He 
claimed  that  he  performed,  in  1842,  the 
first  surgical  operation  with  the  patient 
in  a  state  of  anaesthesia  from  the  inhala 
tion  of  ether.  He  died  June  16,  1878,  in 
Athens,  Ga. 

LONG,  EDWARD  H.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1808,  in  Maryland.  He 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  Mary 
land  legislature;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Maryland  from  1845 
to  1847.  He  died  in  October,  1865,  in  Som 
erset,  Md. 

LONG,  ELI,  soldier,  was  born  June  16, 
1837,  in  Woodford  county,  Ky.  For  his 
services  during  the  civil  war  he  was  bre- 
vetted  major-general  in  the  regular  army 
and  major-general  of  volunteers,  and  hav 
ing  been  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer 
service,  Jan.  15,  1866,  he  was  retired  with 
the  rank  of  major-general. 

LONG,  ELI  H.,  physician,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  24,  1860,  in  Erie  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  has  filled  the  chairs  of  ma- 
teria  medica  and  therapeutics  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Buffalo.  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author 
of  Tables  for  Doctor  and  Druggist,  and 
numerous  medical  articles. 

LONG,  GABRIEL,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1751.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  revolution 
ary  army  and  ultimately  rose  to  the  rank 
of  major.  He  died  Feb.  3,  1827,  in  Cul- 
peper  county,  Va. 

LONG,  JEFFERSON  F.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  3,  1836,  in 
Crawford  county,  Ga.  He  is  a  merchant 
tailor  of  Macon,  Ga.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

LONG,  JOHN,  farmer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Loudoun  county,  Va.  He  en 
tered  public  life  as  a  senator  in  the  as 
sembly  in  1815,  and  in  1821  was  elected  to 
congress  as  a  representative  from  North 
Carolina,  where  he  remained  until  1829. 

LONG,  JOHN  BENJAMIN,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1843,  in  Nacog- 
doches  county,  Texas.  He  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Rusk,  Texas,  in  1846,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  He  is  overseer  of 
the  Texas  State  Grange  and  president  of 
the  Texas  Farmer  Co-operative  Publish 
ing  association.  He  made  the  canvass 
and  secured  the  nomination  for  the  fifty- 


second   congress   over   some   of  the   most 
prominent  and  best  men  of  the  state 

LONG,  JOHN  DAVIS,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  governor,  author,  was  born  Oct.  27 
1838,  in  Buckfield,  Maine.  He  served  in 
the  Massachusetts  state  house  of  repre 
sentatives  from  1875  to  1879,  the  last  three 
years  as  speaker.  He  was  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  the  state  in  1879,  and  governor 
from  1879  to  1882.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses. 
In  1897  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
navy.  He  is  the  author  of  After-Dinner 
and  Other  Speeches,  and  a  blank-verse 
translation  of  the  JEneid, 

LONG,  JOHN  ROBERT,  soldier  edu 
cator,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1839,  in  Pulaski 
county,  Ky.,  on  the  banks  of  the  classic 
Cumberland,  near  Somerset.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  in  company  A,  fifth  division  Mis 
souri  state  guard;  at  the  end  of  six  months 
he  entered  the  regular  confederate  service 
as  sergeant  in  company  B,  third  regi 
ment  Missouri  cavalry,  acting  as  body 
guard  to  General  Sterling  Price,  taking 
part  in  the  wearisome  marches,  retreats 
and  battles  which  made  the  name  of  Price 
illustrious.  After  the  battle  of  Elkhorn, 
or  Pea  Ridge,  the  command  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  east  of  the  Mississippi,  and 
at  the  battle  of  Black  River  Ridge  he  was 
captured  by  the  gallant  twenty-second 
Iowa,  and  for  more  than  a  year  and  a 
half  was  a  prisoner  of  war.  He  has  since 
been  principally  engaged  in  educational 
work,  and  since  1892  has  been  superin 
tendent  of  city  schools  in  Jacksonville 
111. 

LONG,  OWEN  GIBSON,  lawyer,  soldier, 
jurist,  was  born  March  3,  1845,  in  Jackson 
ville,  III.  During  the  war  he  held  a  posi 
tion  in  government  service  with  rank  of 
captain,  and  afterward  an  office  in  the  cus 
tom  house  of  New  Orleans  until  1870. 
During  1873-74  he  was  judge  of  the  city 
court  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  and  1886-90 
was  city  magistrate. 

LONG,  PIERCE,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1739  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  New  Hampshire  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1784  to  1786.  He 
died  April  3,  1789,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

LONG.  ROBERT  CAREY,  architect,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1819.  He  was  an 
architect  of  New  York  city  who  published 
a  work  on  Ancient  Architecture  in  Amer 
ica.  He  died  in  July,  1849,  in  New  York 
city. 

LONG,  STEPHEN  HARRIMAN,  civil 
engineer,  soldier,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
30,  1784,  in  Hopkinton,  N.  H.  He  intro 
duced  Long's  truss  bridge;  and  was  col 
onel  and  chief  of  topographical  engineers 
United  States  army  in  1861.  He  wrote  Rail 
road  Manual.  He  died  Sept.  4.  1864.  in 
Alton,  111. 

LONG,  THOMAS  B.,  jurist,  translator, 
was  born  Oct.  25,  1836,  in  Mansfield,  Ohio. 
In  1870  he  was  unanimously  nominated 
by  the  democratic  party,  and  elected  by  a 
large  majority,  as  judge  of  the  criminal 
circuit  court  of  Indiana.  He  has  trans 
lated  into  English  heroic  verse  a  great 
part  of  the  yE'neid  of  Virgil,  besides  some 
others  of  the  minor  productions  of  the 
Greek  and  Latin  poets. 

LONGACRE,  JAMES  BARTON,  en 
graver,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1794,  in  Dela 
ware  county,  Pa.  From  1844  till  his  death 
he  was  engraver  to  the  United  States  mint, 
and  designed  all  the  new  coins  that  were 
struck  during  this  time,  including  the 
double-eagle,  the  three-dollar  piece,  and 
the  gold  dollar.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1869,  in 
Philadelphia. 


596 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LONGFELLOW,  ERNEST  WADS- 
WORTH,  artist,  was  born  in  1845  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  paints  with  a  firm  hand 
and  brilliant  but  harmonious  scheme  of 
color,  and  is  favorably  known  for  such 
effective  landscapes  and  compositions  as 
Old  Mill  at  Manchester,  Mass.;  Italian 
Pines;  Love  Me,  Love  My  Dog;  Misty 
Morning;  and  John  and  Priscilla. 

LONGFELLOW,  HENRY  WADS- 
WORTH,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1807, 
in  Portland,  Maine.  The  most  widely  read 
of  American  poets. 
He  was  professor  of 
modern  languages  at 
B  o  w  d  o  i  n  college, 
1829-35,  and  filled 
the  same  position  at 
Harvard  university, 
1835-54,  his  home 
being  at  Cambridge 
from  1835.  He  was 
the  author  of  Coplas 
de  Manrique,  a  verse 
translation  from  the 
Spanish;  Outre-Mer, 
a  prose  volume  of  travels;  Hyperion, 
a  prose  romance;  Voices  of  the  Night; 
Ballads,  and  Other  Poems;  Poems  on 
Slavery;  The  Spanish  Student;  The  Bel 
fry  of  Bruges,  and  Other  Poems;  Evan- 
geline;  Kavanagh,  a  prose  tale;  Seaside 
and  Fireside;  The  Golden  Legend;  Hia 
watha;  The  Courtship  of  Miles  Standish; 
Tales  of  a  Wayside  Inn,  first  series; 
Flower  de  Luce;  New  England  Tragedies; 
Dante's  Divina  Commedia,  a  translation; 
The  Divine  Tragedy;  Three  Books  of 
Song;  Aftermath;  The  Masque  of  Pan 
dora;  Kfiramos;  Ultima  Thule;  In  the 
Harbor;  and  Michael  Angelo.  He  died 
March  24,  1882,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

LONGFELLOW,  SAMUEL,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  June  18,  1819,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  He  was  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman  who  held  pastorates  at  Fall  River, 
Brooklyn,  and  Germantown.  but  whose 
latest  years  were  spent  in  Cambridge.  He 
was  the  author  of  Life  of  H.  W.  Longfel 
low;  Hymns  and  Verses;  Memoir  of  S. 
Johnson;  and  Essays  and  Sermons.  With 
S.  Johnson  he  edited  Hymns  of  the  Spirit 
He  died  in  1892. 

LONGFELLOW,  STEPHEN,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  23,  1775,  in 
Gorham,  Maine.  From  1817  to  1836  he 
was  a  member  of  the  corporation  of  Bow- 
doin  college.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Maine  from  1823  to  1825; 
and  a  representative  in  the  Maine  legis 
lature  in  1826.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1849,  in 
Portland,  Maine. 

LONGFELLOW,  WILLIAM  PITT  PRE- 
BLE,  architect,  author,  was  born  in  1836 
in  Maine.  He  is  an  architect  of  note,  and 
editor  of  the  Cyclopaedia  of  Architecture 
in  Italy,  Greece  and  the  Levant. 

LONGLEY,  EDMUND,  educator,  was 
born  April  1,  1819,  in  Sidney,  Maine.  This 
successful  educator  has  taught  for  fifty 
years.  He  has  been  professor  of  mathe 
matics,  French,  Spanish  and  Italian  lan 
guages;  of  English  literature  and  elocu 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  several  educa 
tional  works,  and  now  resides  in  Emory, 
Va. 

LONGNECKER,  HENRY  CLAY,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was 
born  April  17,  1820,  in  Allentown,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
was  colonel  of  the  ninth  Pennsylvania  in 
fantry,  commanded  a  brigade  in  western 
Virginia  at  the  commencement  of  the  re 
bellion  in  1861 ;  and  subsequently  com 
manded  a  brigade  of  militia  at  the  battle 
of  Antietam.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  an 
associate  judge  of  Lehigh  county.  He  died 
Sept.  18,  1871,  in  Allentown,  Pa. 


LONGSHORE,  HANNAH  E.,  physician, 
was  born  May  30,  1819,  in  Maryland.  She 
was  the  first  woman  to  put  up  a  profes 
sional  sign  in  Philadelphia,  and  one  of  the 
ten  members  who  composed  the  first  grad 
uating  class  of  the  Woman's  Medical  col 
lege  in  Pennsylvania. 

LONGSHORE,  JOSEPH  SKELTON, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1809, 
in  Bucks  county,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  work  entitled  Principles  of  Nursing; 
and  a  work  on  obstetrics.  He  died  in  De 
cember,  1879. 

LONGSTREET,     AUGUSTUS       BALD 
WIN,   educator,  jurist,   college   president, 
author,   was  born   Sept.   22,   1790,  in   Au 
gusta,  Ga.    He  was  a 

9HBHBBB^^B^.  jurist  and  educator 
of  Georgia  who  be 
came  a  methodist 
minister  in  1838,  and 
was  subsequently 
president  of  several 
southern  colleges. 
He  is  remembered 
for  his  genuinely  hu 
morous  Georgia 
Scenes.  Among  his 
other  works  are, 
Master  William  Mit 
ten;  and  Letters  from  Georgia  to  Massa 
chusetts.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1870,  in  Ox 
ford,  Miss. 

LONGSTREET,  JAMES,  soldier,  states 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1821,  in 
Edgefield,  S.  C.  He  served  throughout  the 
civil  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  major-gen 
eral.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
marshal  for  the  district  of  Georgia,  and 
in  1880  was  appointed  envoy  extraordi 
nary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  of  the 
United  States  to  Turkey.  He  was  the 
author  of  From  Manassas  to  Appomattox. 
LONGSTRETH,  MIERS  FISHER,  as 
tronomer,  was  born  March  15,  1819,  in 
Philadelphia.  During  the  early  part  of  his 
life  he  was  a  merchant,  but  devoted  his 
leisure  to  the  study  of  astronomy,  having 
charge  of  the  Friends'  observatory  in 
Philadelphia  till  1856. 

LONGYEAR,  JOHN  WESLEY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  22, 
1820,  in  Shandaken,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Michigan  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  loyalists'  conven 
tion  of  1866,  and  in  1870  became  a  judge 
of  the  district  court  of  Michigan.  He 
died  March  10,  1875,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

LOOKABAUGH,  IRA  HOLMES,  lawyer, 
was  born  Feb.  5,  1868,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Campbell 

university  of  Holton, 

Kan.,  and  at  the 
Kansas  university  of 
Lawrence.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  com 
mercial  and  scienti 
fic  course  at  Camp 
bell  university,  and 
from  the  art  and 
law  departments  at 
the  Kansas  univer 
sity.  He  has  been 
cashier  of  a  bank, 
traveling  salesman, 
and  a  school  teacher.  In  1892  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  in  the  supreme  court 
of  Kansas  and  has  attained  prominence 
in  his  profession  in  Oklahoma  territory  at 
Watonga,  where  he  takes  an  active  part 
in  the  public  affairs  of  that  territory. 

LOOKER,  OTHNIEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  Oct. 
4,  1757,  on  Long  Island,  N.Y.  He  served 
five  years  in  the  revolutionary  army;  and 
also  served  in  both  branches  of  the  New 
York  legislature.  In  1804  he  moved  to 


Ohio,  where  he  served  for  many  years  in 
the  state  senate.  In  1814  became  governor 
by  virtue  of  his  office  as  speaker  of  the 
senate,  and  was  for  seven  years  a  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas.  He  died  April 
5,  1845,  in  Palestine,  111. 

LOOMIS,  ALFRED  LEBBEUS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  June  10,  1831,  in  Ben- 
nington,  Vt.  He  was  a  physician  of  New 
York  city,  and  professor  in  the  university 
of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1865.  He  was 
the  author  of  Lessons  in  Physical  Diag 
nosis;  Diseases  of  the  Respiratory  Or 
gans;  Lectures  on  Fevers;  Diseases  of 
Old  Age;  and  Text-Book  of  Practical  Med 
icine.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1896,  in  New  York 
city. 

LOOMIS,  ANNIE  ELISABETH,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1850,  and  is 
the  daughter  of  Silas  L.  Loomis,  a  noted 
physician  of  Florida.  She  received  her 
education  at  the  Wesleyan  academy  and 
the  Wesleyan  Female  college;  and  in  due 
course  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A. 
M.  She  has  taught  with  success  in  the 
Kimball  Union  academy  and  the  Hagers- 
town  Female  seminary,  in  music  and  mod 
ern  and  ancient  languages,  and  since  1895 
has  been  principal  of  the  Mount  Pleasant 
public  school  of  Washington,  D.  C.  She  is 
the  author  of  a  score  or  more  of  published 
works. 

LOOMIS,  ARPHAXAD,  congressman, 
was  born  April  9,  1798,  in  Winchester, 
Conn.  He  was  for  three  years  a  member 
of  the  legislature  of  New  York  from  Her- 
kimer  county,  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1837  to 
1839.  He  died  Sept.  15,  1885,  in  Little 
Falls,  N.  Y. 

LOOMIS,  AUGUSTUS  WARD,  clergy 
man,  missionary,  author,  was  born  in  1816 
in  Connecticut.  He  is  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman,  and  for  many  years  a  missionary 
among  the  Chinese  of  California.  He  is 
the  author  of  Learn  to  Say  No;  Scenes  in 
Chusan;  Scenes  in  the  Indian  Country; 
The  Profits  of  Godliness;  Confucius  and 
the  Chinese  Classics;  and  English  and 
Chinese  Lessons. 

LOOMIS,  D.  ALDEN,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  June  14,  1837,  in  Westfield, 
N.  Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  classics  and 
higher  mathematics  at  the  Fredonia  acad 
emy,  N.  Y.  For  many  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work,  entered  the 
Philadelphia  college  of  Medicine  and  Sur 
gery  in  1862,  and  graduated  two  years 
later.  He  was  commissioned  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  ninety-third  regiment,  New 
York  volunteer  infantry,  and  was  on  the 
staff  of  General  Butler.  After  the  war  he 
was  appointed  demonstrator  of  anatomy 
in  his  alma  mater.  A  few  years  later  he 
was  appointed  to  the  chair  in  the  Medical 
college  of  St.  Louis.  In  1896  was  elected 
to  the  chair  of  histology  in  the  college 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  in  Indiana 
polis,  Ind.  He  is  the  author  of  Among  the 
Hollyhocks,  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  medical  and  periodical  literature. 

LOOMIS,  DWIGHT,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  27,  1821,  in  Col 
umbia,  Conn.  In  1847  he  practiced  law  in 
Rockville,  Conn.,  and  in  1851  was  elected 
to  the  Connecticut  legislature.  He  was  a 
state  senator  in  1857.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Connecticut  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  was  subse 
quently  placed  upon  the  bench  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Connecticut. 

LOOMIS,  EBEN  JENKS,  astronomer, 
author,  was  born  in  1828  in  New  York.  He 
is  an  astronomer  of  Washington  city, 
senior  assistant  in  the  Nautical  Almanac 
office.  He  is  the  author  of  Wayside 
Sketches;  and  An  Eclipse  Party  in  Africa. 


HERRINGSHAW9     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


597 


LOOMIS,  ELIAS,  astronomer,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  7,  1811,  in  Willington, 
Conn.  He  was  an  astronomer  and  mathe 
matician  who  was  professor  at  Yale  uni 
versity  from  1860.  He  published  a  series 
of  text-books  in  thirteen  volumes,  among 
which  are,  Plane  and  Spherical  Trigonom 
etry;  Treatise  on  Astronomy;  and  Treatise 
on  Meteorology.  He  died  Aug.  15,  1889, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

LOOMIS,  ELMER,  soldier,  agriculturist, 
legislator,  was  born  July  25,  1834,  in 
Fowler,  Ohio.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  company  D,  one  hundred  and 
seventy-seventh  Ohio  infantry;  and  in 
1869  moved  to  Kansas.  He  is  a  successful 
farmer  and  stock  man  of  Giraru;  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1889, 
and  in  1896  was  again  elected  to  the  same 
office. 

LOOMIS,  GUSTAVUS,  soldier,  was  born 
Sept.  23,  1789,  in  Thetford,  Vt.  He  served 
gallantly  in  the  Mexican  and  civil  wars; 
and  in  1865  received  the  brevet  of  briga 
dier-general.  He  died  March  6,  1872,  in 
Stratford,  Conn. 

LOOMIS,  JUSTIN  RUDOLPH,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
10,  1810,  in  Bennington,  N.  Y.  He  is  an 
educator  of  Pennsylvania,  president  of 
Lewisburg  university  in  1858-78;  and  the 
author  of  Elements  of  Geology;  and  Ele 
ments  of  Anatomy. 

LOOMIS,  LAFAYETTE  CHARLES, 
physician,  author,  was  born  July  7,  1824, 
in  Coventry,  Conn.  He  is  a  physician 
and  educator  of  Washington  city,  and  the 
author  of  Mizpah;  Prayer  and  Friendship; 
Mental  and  Social  Culture;  Summer  Guide 
to  Central  Europe;  and  Index  Guide  to 
Travel  and  Art  Study  in  Europe. 

LOOMIS,  SAMUEL  LANE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1856  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  congregational  clergyman  of  Bos 
ton,  and  the  author  of  Modern  Cities  and 
Their  Religious  Problems. 

LOOMIS,  SILAS  LAWRENCE,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  May  22,  1822, 
in  Coventry,  Conn.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  Wesleyan  university  and  the 
Georgetown  university.  He  is  the  author 
of  Analytical  Arithmetic;  and  Normal 
Arithmetic. 

LOOP,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  artist,  was 
born  Sept.  9,  1831,  in  Hillsdale,  N.  Y. 
Among  his  works  are  portraits  of  Worth- 
ington  Whittredge,  of  Joseph  P.  Thomson, 
and  Prof.  Elias  Loomis;  also  Undine; 
Aphrodite;  Echo;  Hermione  and  Helena; 
OCnone;  At  the  Spring;  Idyl  of  the  Lake; 
Love's  Crown;  Summer  Moon;  and  The 
Dreamer. 

LOOP,  MRS.  JENNETTE  SHEPARD 
HARRISON,  artist,  was  born  March  5, 
1840,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  In  1875  she 
was  elected  an  associate  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Design  and  has  exhibited  in 
nearly  all  of  its  exhibitions  since  that 
time.  Many  prominent  people  of  New 
Haven  have  portraits  by  her,  and  her  por 
traits  of  New  York  people  have  given  her 
a  wide  reputation. 

LOOS,  CHARLES  LOUIS,  educator, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1823,  in  France.  In  1834  he  emi 
grated  to  America;  has  attained  success 
in  educational  work,  as  professor  in  Beth 
any  college  for  twenty-five  years;  presi 
dent  of  the  Eureka  college,  Illinois,  and  as 
president  of  the  Kentucky  university, 
which  latter  office  he  still  holds.  For  fifty 
years  he  has  been  a  clergyman.  He 
founded  and  edited  for  two  years  The 
Disciple  of  Somerset,  Pa.;  was  co-editor  of 
The  Christian  Age  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
and  for  twenty  years  has  been  editorial 

writer  for  The  Christian  Standard. 


LORAIN,  LORENZO,  soldier,  inventor, 
was  born  Aug.  3,  1831,  in  Phillipsburg,  Pa. 
In  1875  he  became  instructor  of  engin 
eering  at  artillery  school  at  Fortress  Mon 
roe.  He  invented  a  telescopic  sight  for 
large  guns,  and  left  a  range  finder  un 
completed  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
died  March  6,  1882,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

LORAS,  MATHIAS,  bishop,  was  born  in 
1792,  in  France.  In  1837  he  was  conse 
crated  Roman  catholic  bjshop  of  Dubuque, 
Iowa.  He  died  Feb.  19,  1858. 

LORD,  AUGUSTUS  MENDON,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  in  1861  in  San  Fran 
cisco,  Cal.  He  is  a  clergyman  of  the 
First  Congregational  church  of  Arlington, 
Mass.,  and  the  author  of  A  Book  of 
Verses. 

LORD,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  31,  1694,  in  Saybrook,  Conn. 
From  1717  until  his  death  he  was  a  clergy 
man  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  published  a 
Half  Century  Discourse;  and  several  ser 
mons.  He  died  in  April,  1784,  in  Norwich, 
Conn. 

LORD,  CHARLES  BACHUS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  July  13,  1810,  in  Thorn 
ton,  Maine.  He  practiced  law  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  and  removing  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  at 
tained  eminence  in  his  profession.  For 
many  years  he  was  judge  of  the  land 
court,  and  subsequently  of  the  circuit 
court  of  that  city.  He  died  Nov.  15,  1868, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

LORD,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept. 
2,  1795,  in  Stonington,  Conn.  He  became 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  New  York 
city,  and  for  forty  years  previous  to  his 
death  there  were  few  great  civil  cases 
before  the  United  States  or  New  York 
state  courts  in  which  he  was  not  retained. 
He  died  March  4,  1868,  in  New  York  city. 

LORD,  DAVID  NEVINS,  merchant,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  March  5,  1792,  in 
Franklin,  Conn.  He  was  a  merchant  and 
importer  of  New  York  city,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Exposition  of  the  Apocalypse; 
Characteristics  of  Figurative  Language; 
Louis  Napoleon:  is  he  to  be  Anti-Christ? 
and  Visions  of  Paradise,  an  Epic.  He  died 
July  14,  1880,  in  New  York  city. 

LORD,  ELEAZER,  financier,  author 
was  born  Sept.  9,  1788,  in  Franklin,  Conn. 
He  was  a  noted  financier  of  New  York 
city  who  was  the  founder  of  the  Manhat 
tan  Insurance  company.  Among  his 
rather  numerous  writings  are,  Credit, 
Currency,  and  Banking;  Six  Letters  on  a 
National  Currency;  The  Epoch  of  the 
Creation;  Analysis  of  Isaiah;  and  The 
Prophetic  Office.  He  died  June  3,  1871,  in 
Piermont.  N.  Y. 

LORD,  FREDERICK  W.,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1800,  in 
Lyme,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1847  to 
1849,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Baltimore 
national  convention  in  1840.  He  died  May 
24,  1860,  in  New  York. 

LORD,  HENRY  W.,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  8,  1821,  in  North 
ampton,  Mass.  He  was  United  States  con 
sul  at  Manchester,  England,  from  1861  to 
1867,  and  devised  valuable  plans  for  per 
fecting  the  consular  service.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Michigan  lo 
the  forty-seventh  congress  as  a  republican. 

LORD,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  10,  1812,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  widely 
known  as  an  historical  lecturer,  who  did 
much  to  arouse  an  interest  in  the  study 
of  history.  He  was  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  the  United  States;  Modern  His 
tory;  Points  of  History;  The  Old  Roman 
World;  Ancient  States  and  Empires;  Life 
of  Emma  Willard;  Beacon  Lights  of  His 
tory;  and  Two  German  Giants.  He  died 

in  1894. 


LORD,  JOHN  CHASE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1805,  in  Buf 
falo,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  prominent  presby- 
terian  clergyman  of  Buffalo,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Land  of  Ophir,  and  Other  Lec 
tures;  and  Occasional  Poems.  He  died 
Jan.  12,  1877,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

LORD,  NATHAN,  sixth  president  of 
Dartmouth  college,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1792 
in  Berwick,  Maine.  *  or  twelve  years  he 
filled  a  successful  pastorate  in  Amherst, 
Mass.,  and  was  made  president  of  Dart 
mouth  college  in  1828.  He  continued  his 
office  until  1863,  and  died  Sept.  9,  1870,  in 
Hanover,  N.  H. 

LORD,  SCOTT,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1820,  in  Nelson, 
N.  Y.  He  has  held  the  offices  of  judge  and 
surrogate  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress.  He  died  Sept 
10,  1885,  in  Morris  Plains,  N.  J. 

LORD,  WILLIAM  PAINE,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born  in  1838  in 
Dover,  Del.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
major  of  the  first  regiment,  Delaware 
United  States  cavalry;  and  afterward  be 
came  lieutenant  of  the  second  regiment 
United  States  artillery.  He  was  city  at 
torney  of  Salem,  Oregon,  in  ISiO;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate  in  1878;  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  and  chief  justice  during 
1880-94;  and  in  1895  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Oregon  for  four  years. 

LORD,  WILLIAM  WILBERFORCE, 
clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1819, 
in  Madison  county,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  and 
more  recently  of  Cooperstown,  N.  Y., 
whose  poems  attracted  the  praise  of 
Wordsworth.  His  works  are:  Poems; 
Christ  in  Hades;  and  Andr6,  a  tragedy. 

LORD,  WILLIS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  15,  1809,  in  Bridgeport, 
Conn.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
who  held  several  theological  professor 
ships  as  well  as  pastorates  in  Chicago  and 
elsewhere.  He  was  the  author  of  Men 
and  Scenes  Before  the  Flood;  Christian 
Theology  for  the  People;  and  The  Blessed 
Hope.  He  died  in  1889. 

LORE,  CHARLES  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  16,  1831,  in  Odessa, 
Del.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Delaware  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

LORILLARD,  PIERRE,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  New  York  city.  He  founded 
Tuxedo  park,  a  suburban  retreat  in 
Orange  county,  N.  Y.,  combining  the  ad 
vantages  of  landscape-gardening  with 
facilities  for  country  sports. 

LORIMER,  GEORGE  CLAUDE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1838  in  Scot 
land.  He  is  a  noted  baptist  clergyman  of 
Boston,  pastor  of  Tremont  Temple,  and 
the  author  of  Isms  Old  and  New;  Under 
the  Evergreens;  The  Great  Conflict; 
Jesus:  the  World's  Saviour;  and  Studies  in 
Social  Life. 

LORIMER,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  27,  1861,  in 
England.  He  was  superintendent  of  the 
main  water  extension  of  the  city  of  Chi 
cago  under  Mayor  Roche  and  superintend 
ent  of  the  water  department  under  Mayor 
Washburne.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

LORING,  CHARLES  GREELEY,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  May  2,  1794,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Boston, 
and  the  author  of  The  Neutral  Relations 
of  England  and  the  United  States;  Eng 
lish  Liability  for  Indemnity;  and  Life  of 
William  Sturgis.  He  died  Oct.  8,  1868,  in 
Beverly,  Mass. 


598 


HERRINGSHAW'3    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LORING,  EDWARD  G.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1802  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  lecturer  on  law  at  Harvard  college 
for  several  years,  and  in  1858  was  appoint 
ed  a  judge  of  the  court  of  claims  in  Wash 
ington. 

LORING,  EDWARD  GREELEY,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  in  1837  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  physician  of  New 
York  city,  and  the  author  of  Text-Book 
of  Ophthalmoscopy;  The  Normal  Eye; 
and  Diseases  of  the  Retina.  He  died  in 
1881. 

LORING,  EDWARD  PAYSON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  in  March, 
1837,  in  Norridgewock.  He  was  first  lieu 
tenant  of  the  thirteenth  Maine;  was  pro 
moted  captain,  then  major  of  the  United 
States  colored  troops,  and  brevetted  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  He  settled  in  Fitchburg, 
Mass.,  and  has  represented  the  city  in  the 
legislature  of  Massachusetts. 

LORING,  ELLIS  GRAY,  lawyer,  aboli 
tionist,  author,  was  born  in  1808  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  one  of  the  twelve  that 
formed  the  first  anti-slavery  society  in 
Boston  in  1833.  He  died  May  24,  1858,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

LORING,  FRANCIS  HAMMER,  soldier, 
business  man,  was  born  July  9,  1832,  in 
Belpre,  Ohio.  In  1863  he  enlisted  as  a  pri 
vate  soldier  in  company  G,  ninety-second 
regiment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry;  was 
promoted  to  captain  on  organization  of 
company,  served  three  years  and  was 
commissioned  major  of  volunteers  at  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  has  been  prominent 
in  political  and  educational  affairs;  presi 
dent  of  the  Iowa  Masons'  Benevolent  so 
ciety  of  Oskaloosa,  and  held  numerous 
offices  of  honor  in  various  fraternal  or 
ders. 

LORING,  FREDERIC  WADSWORTH, 
journalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  12. 
1848,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston 
journalist  killed  by  the  Apaches  in  Ari 
zona,  and  the  author  of  Two  College 
Friends,  a  novel;  and  The  Boston  Dip. 
and  Other  Verses.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1871, 
near  Wickenburg,  Ariz. 

LORING,  GEORGE  BAILEY,  surgeon, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1817,  in 
North  Andover,  Mass.  His  father  was  the 
Rev.  Bailey  Loring, 
pastor  of  the  Unitar 
ian  church  of  that 
city.  Dr.  Loring 
graduated  from  Har 
vard  college  in  1837, 
studied  medicine  un 
der  Dr.  Oliver  Wen 
dell  Holmes;  and 
was  made  United 
States  surgeon  in  the 
Chelsea  hospital.  He 
afterward  devoted 
himself  to  agricul 
ture  and  public  affairs.  He  was  sent  as  a 
member  of  congress  at  Washington  from 
Salem  for  two  terms;  was  Jnited  States 
commissioner  of  agriculture  under  Presi 
dent  Garfield  and  during  President  Ar 
thur's  administration;  and  was  made 
United  States  minister  to  Lisbon  by  Presi 
dent  Harrison.  He  was  the  author  of 
many  works  on  agriculture  and  educa 
tion,  and  a  work  entitled  A  Year  in  Por 
tugal,  which  was  completed  just  before 
his  death  in  September,  1891. 

LORING,  HANNIBAL  H.,  educator,  was 
born  Dec.  23,  1862,  in  Grant  county.  Ind. 
After  completing  his  education  at  the 
Northern  Indiana  Normal  school,  he  com 
menced  educational  work.  He  has  since 
been  principal  of  schools  in  various  large 
cities  of  Indiana,  and  since  1889  has  been 
superintendent  of  schools  of  Porter  coun 
ty,  Ind. 


LORING,  ISRAEL,  clergyman,  was  born 
April  15,  1682,  in  Hull,  Mass.  In  1706  he 
became  pastor  of  the  congregational 
church  in  Sudbury,  Mass.,  continuing  in 
this  charge  for  sixty-six  years.  He  died 
March  9,  1772,  in  Sudbury,  Mass. 

LORING,  JAMES  SPEAR,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  6,  1799,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  for  thirty  years  a  bookseller  in  Bos 
ton,  and  a  contributor  oi  historical  and 
biographical  articles  to  the  New  England 
Historical  and  Genealogical  Register.  He 
was  the  author  of  A  Hundred  Boston  Ora 
tors.  He  died  April  12,  1884,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

LORING.  PRENTISS,  state  legislator, 
was  born  in  February,  1834,  in  Yarmouth. 
He  settled  in  Portland  in  the  business  of 
fire  and  marine  insurance;  has  been  on 
the  superintending  school  committees  of 
Yarmouth  and  Portland;  and  has  repre 
sented  the  city  in  the  state  legislature. 

LORING,  WILLIAM  WING,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1818,  in  Wilming 
ton,  S.  C.  He  was  a  soldier  who,  after 
serving  successively  in  the  United  States 
::nd  confederate  armies,  served  in  the 
Egyptian  army  in  1869-79.  He  was  the 
author  of  A  Confederate  General  in  Egypt. 
He  died  Dec.  30,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

LOSK1EL,  GEORGE  HENRY,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1740,  in  Russia. 
He  was  a  Moravian  bishop  in  Pennsyl 
vania  whose  two  books  have  been  many 
times  reprinted.  He  was  the  author  of 
Etwas  fiirs  Herz;  and  History  of  the  Mor 
avian  Missions  Among  the  North  Amer 
ican  Indians.  He  died  Feb.  23,  1814,  in 
Bethlehem,  Pa. 

LOSSING,  BENSON  JOHN,  historian, 
engraver,  author,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1813, 
in  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  an 
artist  and  wood-engraver  of  Poughkeepsie 
who  made  many  valuable  contributions  to 
American  history.  His  later  years  were 
spent  at  Dover  Plains,  N.  Y.  He  was  the 
author  of  Pictorial  Field-Book  of  the  Rev 
olution;  Pictorial  Field-Book  of  the  War 
of  1812;  Pictorial  Field-Book  of  the  Civil 
War;  Life  of  General  Philip  Schuyler; 
The  Two  Spies:  Nathan  Hale  and  John 
Andre;  Cyclopaedia  of  Unued  States  His 
tory;  Mary  and  Martha  Washington;  His 
tory  of  the  United  States  Navy  for  Boys; 
Mount  Vernon  and  Its  Associations;  The 
Empire  State,  a  History  of  New  York; 
Life  of  Washington;  Lives  of  the  Presi 
dents;  and  other  works.  He  died  in  1891. 

LOTHROP,  CHARLES  HENRY,  sur 
geon,  inventor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  3, 
1831,  in  Taunton,  Mass.  He  is  the  in 
ventor  of  an  apparatus  for  treating  frac 
tures  of  the  leg,  and  of  a  rubber  appliance 
for  club-foot.  He  served  during  the  civil 
war  as  surgeon  of  the  first  Iowa  cavalry, 
and  has  been  an  examining  surgeon  for 
pensions  since  1868.  In  1876  he  edited  the 
Southern  Medical  Record. 

LOTHROP,  GEORGE  VAN  NESS,  law 
yer,  diplomat,  statesman,  was  born  Aug. 
8,  1817,  in  Easton,  Mass.  He  was  attorney- 
general  of  Michigan  from  1848  to  1851; 
was  recorder  of  the  city  of  Detroit  from 
1851  to  1853;  and  was  general  counsel  for 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  company 
from  1854  to  1880,  when  he  resigned  the 
position.  In  1882  he  was  made  a  member 
of  the  commission  in  whose  charge  the 
public  library  of  Detroit  was  placed.  He 
is  a  director  of  the  First  National  bank 
of  Detroit,  Mich. 

LOTHROP.  MRS.  HARRIET  MUL- 
FORD,  author,  was  born  June  23,  1844,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  She  is  a  popular 
writer  of  juvenile  literauire,  living  at 
Concord,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Five 
Little  Peppers  and  How  They  Grew;  The 
Pettibone  Name;  So  as  by  Fire;  Half  Year 


at  Bronckton;  What  the  Seven  Did;  Rob; 
The  Golden  West;  How  They  Went  to 
Europe;  and  Hester,  and  Other  New  Eng 
land  Stories. 

LOTHROP,  THORNTON  KIRKLA...J, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1830  in  North 
Carolina.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston,  and 
the  author  of  The  Life  of  William  H. 
Seward. 

LOTT,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  was  born  in  1805.  In  1841  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  state  as 
sembly,  and  in  1842-46  a  state  senator. 
He  was  justice  of  the  supreme  court  in 
1857-65,  and  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals 
in  1869.  He  died  July  20,  1878,  in  Flat- 
bush,  R.  I. 

LOUCKS,  HENRY  LANGFORD,  farmer, 
journalist,  was  born  May  24,  1846,  in 
Canada.  He  was  president  of  the  Dakota 
Territorial  Farmers' 
Alliance,  and  South 
Dakota  Farmers'  Al 
liance  from  1885  to 
1892  inclusive.  He 
has  been  president  of 
the  National  Farm 
ers'  Alliance,  and 
also  president  of  the 
National  Farmers' 
Alliance  and  Indus 
trial  Union,  which 
was  the  largest  farm 
ers' organization  that 
ever  existed.  He  was  the  permanent 
chairman  of  the  first  national  people's 
party  convention,  held  at  Omaha  in  1892: 
Since  1891  he  has  been  editor  of  The 
Dakota  Ruralist,  and  is  the  author  of  The 
New  Monetary  System;  and  also  author  of 
a  work  on  Transportation  in  Government 
Ownership  of  Railroads.  He  resides  on 
his  farm  at  Altruria,  one  of  the  largest 
and  best  farms  in  South  Dakota. 

LOUD,  EUGENE  FRANCIS,  soldier,, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
12,  1847,  in  Abington.  Mass.  He  was  with 
the  army  of  the  Potomac  and  with  Sheri 
dan  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  until  the- 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  California  legislature  in  1884,  and  was. 
elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third  and 
fifty-fourth  congresses  and  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

LOUD,  HENRY  MARTIN,  was  born 
Dec.  11,  1824,  in  Westhampton,  Mass.  He 
is  president  of  the  Au  Sable  and  North 
western  rail  way;  and 
has  been  for  several 
years  president  of 
the  Vermillion  and 
Grand  Morris  Iron 
company,  having  its 
offices  in  Duluth.  Not 
withstanding  these 
important  and  exten 
sive  business  inter 
ests,  giving  employ 
ment  to  an  aggregate 
of  over  eight  hun 
dred  men,  he  has. 
served  as  mayor  of  the  city  of  Au  Sable, 
and  also  accepted  the  republican  nomina 
tion  for  congress. 

LOUD,  HULDA  BARKER,  educator^ 
journalist,  lecturer,  was  born  Sept.  13,. 
1844.  in  East  Abington.  Mass.  After  re 
ceiving  a  liberal  education  she  became  a 
successful  school  teacher.  She  is  the  edi 
tor  and  owner  of  The  Independent  of 
Rockland,  Mass.,  is  a  successful  lecturer 
and  takes  a  prominent  part  in  the  reli 
gious  and  educational  affairs  of  her  city. 
In  1887  she  represented  the  Knights  of 
Labor  in  the  woman's  international  coun 
cil  held  in  Washington,  and  has  delivered 
numerous  public  addresses  in  behalf  of 
that  order.  She  has  also  lectured  on 
woman  suffrage  and  kindred  topics. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


599 


LOUD,  MARGUERITE  ST.  LEON,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  about  1800  in  Wysox, 
Pa.  She  contributed  poetry  to  the  United 
States  Gazette  and  to  the  monthly  maga 
zines  of  that  city.  A  volume  entitled 
Wayside  Flowers  was  published  in  1851. 
LOUDENSLAGER,  HENRY  C.,  public 
official,  congressman,  was  born  May  22. 
1852,  in  Mauricetown,  N.  J.  He  engaged 
in  the  produce  com 
mission  business  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa., 
and  continued  in  it 
ten  years.  He  was 
elected  county  clerk 
in  1882  and  re-elected 
in  1887.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty- 
*  •^—m  *•»  third  and  fifty-fourth 

^*  ^^Bfel   congresses     and    re- 

•  •-*"v4-fll     I  elected  to  the  flftv- 

""  ^^          I   fifth    congress     as 

a      republican.      H  e 

served  on  several   important  committees. 

LOUDON,  DE  WITT  CLINTON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1827  in 
Georgetown.  Ohio.  He  served  one  year 
in  the  Mexican  war;  and  during  the  civil 
war  was  colonel  of  the  seventieth  regiment 
Ohio  volunteer  infantry.  He  was  a  promi 
nent  lawyer  of  Ohio,  and  served  ten  years 
as  judge  in  his  district. 

Lol'GHBOROUGH,  MRS.  MARY  WEB 
STER,  author,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1836,  in 
New  York  city.  She  was  a  writer  of  Little 
Rock,  Ark.,  and  the  author  of  My  Cave 
Life  in  Vicksburg,  an  account  of  life  in 
Vicksburg  during  the  siege;  and  For  Bet 
ter,  for  Worse,  and  Other  Stories.  She 
died  Aug.  27,  1887,  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

LOUGHEAD,  MRS.  FLORA  (HAINES), 
author,  was  born  July  12,  1855,  in  Milwau 
kee,  Wis.  She  is  a  writer  of  Santa  Bar 
bara,  Cal.,  and  the  author  of  The  Libraries 
of  California;  The  Man  Who  Was  Guilty, 
a  novel;  Quick  Cookery;  The  Abandoned 
Claim,  a  novel;  Practical  Handbook  of 
Science;  and  Hebrew  Folk-Lore  Tales. 

LOUGHLIN,  JAMES  FRANCIS,  clergy 
man,  educator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
May  8.  1851,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  He  gradu 
ated  from  the  high  school  of  Toledo,  Ohio, 
in  18fi7;  he  subsequently  attended  the 
Propaganda.  Rome,  Italy,  and  was  or 
dained  in  1897.  Since  1892  he  has  been 
professor  in  the  Theological  seminary  of 
Overbrook,  Pa.,  and  since  1892  has  been  its 
chancellor.  He  is  the  editor  of  the  Amer 
ican  Catholic  Quarterly  Review,  and  the 
author  of  a  book  of  Sermons  and  Lec 
tures. 

LOUGHRIDGE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  July  11,  1827,  in  Youugstown,  Ohio. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the»Iowa 
state  senate  from  1856  to  1860;  and  in 
1861  was  chosen  judge  of  the  sixth  judi 
cial  district  of  Iowa,  to  serve  until  Jan 
uary,  1867.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Iowa  to  the  fortieth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
first,  forty-second  and  forty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

LOUNSBERRY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  25.  1831,  in 
Stone  Ridge,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  assembly  in  1868,  and  was  elected 
mayor  of  Kingston  in  1878,  and  served  two 
years.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-sixth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

LOUNSBURY,  THOMAS  RAYNES- 
FORD,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1838 
in  New  York.  He  has  been  a  professor 
of  English  at  the  Sheffield  Scientific  school 
of  Yale  university  since  1871,  and  the 
author  of  History  of  the  English  Lan 
guage;  Life  of  James  Fenimore  Cooper; 
and  Studies  in  Chaucer. 


LOUTTIT,  J.  A.,  congressman,  was  a 
resident  of  Stockton,  Cal.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  California 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a  republi 
can. 

LOVE,  ISAAC  NEWTON,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1853,  in  Barry, 
111.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled 
Practical  Points  on  the  Management  of 
Some  of  the  Diseases  of  Children. 

LOVE,  J.  M.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1820  in  Fairfax 
county,  Va.  In  1833  he  moved,  with  his 
parents,  to  Ohio.  He  served  through  the 
Mexican  war.  In  1850  he  moved  to  Keo- 
kuk,  Iowa;  in  1852  was  elected  a  state 
senator;  and  in  1855  was  appointed  Unit 
ed  States  district  judge  for  the  district 
of  Iowa. 

LOVE,  JAMES,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1833  to  1835. 

LOVE,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1807  to  1811. 

LOVE,  PETER  E.,  jurist,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  July  7,  1818,  in 
Dublin,  Ga.  In  1843  he  was  chosen  so 
licitor-general  for  the  southern  district  of 
Georgia;  in  1849  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate,  and  in  1853  was  appointed  a  judge 
for  the  southern  circuit  of  Georgia.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Georgia 
to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

LOVE,  SMOLOFF  PALACE,  soldier, 
jurist,  was  born  May  10,  1826,  in  Lincoln 
county,  Ky.  He  served  with  distinction  as 
lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  of  the  elev 
enth  regiment  Kentucky  volunteers  in  the 
civil  war  on  the  union  side.  In  1866  he 
was  elected  county  judge  of  his  county, 
and  served  eight  years  in  all.  He  resides 
in  Greenville,  Ky.,  where  he  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  lawyer  and  jurist. 

LOVE,  THOMAS  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman.  He  was  judge  of  Erie  county, 
N.  Y.,  in  1828,  and  district  attorney  from 
1829  to  1836.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1835  to 
1837,  and  surrogate  from  1841  to  1845.  He 
died  Sept.  17,  1853,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

LOVE,  WILLIAM  C.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  North  Caro 
lina  from  1815  to  1817. 

LOVE,  WILLIAM  DE  LOSS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1819  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  congregational  clergyman;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Wisconsin  in  the  War  of  the  Re 
bellion. 

LOVE,  WILLIAM  DE  LOSS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1851  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  a  congregational  clergyman,  pastor 
in  Hartford,  Conn.,  since  1885,  and  the 
author  of  The  Fast  and  Thanksgiving 
Days  of  New  England. 

LOVE,  WILLIAM  FRANKLIN,  farmer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  29,  1852,  near  Liberty,  Miss.  He 
was  brought  up  on 
the  farm,  and  is  now 
engaged  in  agricul 
ture.  When  twenty- 
one  years  of  age,  he 
was  elected  to  repre 
sent  Amite  county  in 
the  legislature, 

which  position  he 
held  for  ten  years, 
and  was  then  elected 
state  senator  for 
eight  years.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  con 
stitutional  convention  of  Mississippi  in 
1890;  and  was  chairman  of  the  finance 
committee  of  the  senate  when  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 


LOVEJOY,  ELIJAH  PARISH,  journal 
ist,  abolitionist,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1802,  in 
Albion,  Maine.  He  began  the  publication 
of  the  St.  Louis  Observer;  attacked  slav 
ery;  and  in  1836  his  office  was  mobbed. 
He  re-established  his  paper  in  Alton;  and 
his,  press  was  destroyed  in  1837.  A  third 
time  his  office  was  destroyed;  and  on 
Nov.  7,  1837,  he  shot  one  of  his  assailants, 
and  was  himself  shot  dead. 

LOVEJOY,  OWEN,  clergyman,  legislat 
or,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1811,  in 
Albion,  Maine.  He  was  a  clergyman  of 
the  congregational  church  at  Princeton, 
111.,  from  1838  to  1854.  He  resigned  his 
pastoral  duties  to  take  a  seat  in  the  Illi 
nois  legislature  in  the  latter  year.  In  1856 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  that 
state  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth,  thirty- 
seventh,  and  thirty-eighth  congresses. 
He  died  March  25,  1864,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

LOVELACE,  FRANCIS,  colonial  gov 
ernor,  was  born  about  1630,  in  England. 
He  succeeded  Richard  Nicolls  as  gov 
ernor  of  New  York  in  May,  1667,  and  de 
veloped  more  fully  the  extortionate  and 
arbitrary  system  of  government  that  he 
found  in  practice  there. 

LOVELL,  CHARLES  SWAIN,  soldier, 
was  born  Feb.  13,  1811,  in  Hull,  Mass. 
He  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  for 
gallantry  at  Gaines's  Mills,  colonel  for 
Malvern  Hill,  and  brigadier-general 
United  States  army  for  Antietam.  He 
died  Jan.  3,  1871,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

LOVELL,  FREDERICK  SOLON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Nov.  1,  1814,  in  Charleston,  N.  H.  In  1857 
he  sat  in  the  Wisconsin  legislature,  and 
was  a  commissioner  to  revise  the  state 
statutes,  and  in  1858  he  was  speaker  of  the 
assembly.  He  died  May  14,  1878,  in  Ken- 
osha,  Wis. 

LOVELL,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  31,  1737,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1776  to  1782.  In  1786  he  was  col 
lector  of  customs  for  Boston,  and  was  sub 
sequently  naval  officer  for  Boston  and 
Charlestown,  in  which  station  he  re 
mained  until  his  death.  He  died  July  14, 
1814,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

LOVELL,  MANSFIELD,  soldier,  was 
born  Oct.  20,  1822,  in.  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  served  with  distinction  through  the 
Mexican  and  civil  wars;  and  attained  the 
rank  of  major-general. 

LOVELL,  VINCENT  S.,  journalist.  For 
many  years  he  was  connected  with  the 
Albany  Argus  as  managing  editor;  he 
subsequently  removed  to  Chicago  and  be 
came  associate  editor  of  the  Post  and 
Mail.  The  last  fifteen  years  of  his  life 
were  spent  in  Elgin. 

LOVEMAN,  ROBERT,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1864  in  Ohio.  He  is  a  writer 
of  Dalton,  Ga.,  whose  poetry  displays 
much  quiet  beauty  of  thought  and  ex 
pression.  He  has  published  one  volume 
entitled  Poems. 

LOVERING,  HENRY  B.,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
8,  1841,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  In  1862  he 
enlisted  in  the  eighth  regiment  of  Massa 
chusetts  volunteer  militia,  and  served  a 
full  term.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Massachusetts  legislature  in  1872  and  1874. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

LOVERING,  JOSEPH,  physicist,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1813,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1836  he  was  appointed  tutor  in 
mathematics  and  physics  in  Harvard,  and 
two  years  later  was  made  Hollis  professor 
of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    ElOGRAPaY. 


LOVERING,  WILLIAM  C.,  manufac 
turer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Rhode  Island.  He  served  for  a 
short  period  in  the  war  as  engineer  at 
Fort  Monroe;  and  retired  from  the  ser 
vice  an  invalid.  He  was  state  senator  for 
two  years  from  Massachusetts  in  1874-75. 
He  was  nominated  by  acclamation  in  the 
congressional  convention  of  the  twelfth 
district  in  1896,  and  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress. 

LOVETT,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  assembly  in  1800 
and  1801;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1813  to 
1814,  and  from  1815  to  1817.  He  died  in 
1818  in  Ohio. 

LOVETT,  ROBERT  WATKINS,  physi 
cian,  clergyman,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1818, 
in  Screven  county,  Ga.  He  graduated 
from  Emory  college,  Georgia,  with  dis 
tinction  in  1843;  and  from  the  Georgia 
Medical  college  of  Augusta  in  1844.  In 
1865  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Georgia  con 
stitutional  convention;  was  a  delegate  to 
the  general  conference  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church  south  in  1870,  1874  and 
in  1878.  He  has  attained  success  as  a 
physician  and  clergyman  in  Mobley,  Ga. 

LOVEWELL,  JOHN,  centenarian,  was 
born  in  1634  in  England.  He  was  an  en 
sign  in  Oliver  Cromwell's  army  about 
1653,  afterward  emigrated  to  New  Eng 
land,  settled  in  Weymouth,  Mass.,  and  was 
with  Capt.  Benjamin  Church  during  King 
Philip's  war  and  in  the  Narragansett 
Swamp  fight  in  1675.  He  died  about  1754 
in  Dunstable,  Mass. 

LOW,  FREDERICK  FERDINAND,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  June  30, 
1828,  in  Frankfort,  Maine.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  California  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress,  taking  his  seat  during 
the  second  session  thereof.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  California  from  1863  to  1865. 
He  was  appointed  minister  to  China  in 
1871;  and  was  empowered  to  negotiate  a 
treaty  with  Corea. 

LOW,  ISAAC,  merchant,  congressman, 
was  born  about  1735  near  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  in  1774  and  1775.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  provincial 
congress  in  1775,  but  was  arrested  in  1776 
on  suspicion  of  holding  correspondence 
with  the  enemy.  In  1782  he  was  president 
of  the  New  York  chamber  of  commerce. 
He  died  in  1791  in  England. 

LOW,  JAMES  E.,  surgeon,  was  born  in 
1837,  in  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.  He  has 
made  a  number  of  innovations  in  the 
science  of  dentistry,  and  through  his 
advanced  ideas  has  contributed  material 
ly  to  its  progress. 

LOW,  PHILIP  BURRILL,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  May  6, 
1836,  in  Chelsea,  Mass.  He  was  appoint 
ed  acting  ensign  in 
the  United  States 
navy  and  served  in 
the  North  Atlantic 
squadron  during 
1862-63.  He  resigned 
and  entered  commer 
cial  circles  of  Bos 
ton  until  1865,  when 
he  removed  to  New 
York,  where  he  has 
since  been  identified 

with     the     shipping 

and  maritime  inter 
ests.  He  received  the  nomination  for  con 
gress  by  acclamation  in  1894  as  the  repub 
lican  candidate  in  the  fifteenth  New  York 
district;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 


LOW,  SAMUEL,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  12, 
1765.  He  published  his  Poems  in  two  vol 
umes  in  1800.  The  first  piece  is  an  ode 
on  the  death  of  Washington,  which  was 
recited  by  John  Hodgkinson  in  the  New 
York  theater  on  Jan.  8,  1800. 

LOW,  SETH,  merchant,  was  born  Jan. 
18,  1850,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
founder  of  the  Brooklyn  bureau  of  chari 
ties  and  its  first  president.  He  was  the 
first  mayor  in  the  state  to  introduce  the 
system  of  competitive  examination  for  ap 
pointments  to  municipal  offices. 

LOW,  WILL  HICOK,  artist,  was  born 
May  31,  1853,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Society  of 
American  Artists.  Among  his  works  are 
Nine  of  the  First  Empire;  Portrait  of 
Mile.  Albani;  Calling  Home  the  Cows; 
Skipper  Ireson;  Arcades;  and  Telling  the 
Bees.  He  has  illustrated  two  volumes  of 
Keat's  poems,  the  Lamia  and  Odes  and 
Sonnets,  and  has  done  some  good  work  in 
stained-glass  and  house  decoration. 

LOWATER,  CHARLES  T.,  poet.  He  is 
a  writer  of  Rock  Elm,  Wis. ;  and  his 
poems  have  appeared  in  the  leading 
newspapers  and  magazines  of  Wisconsin. 
LOWBER,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  educator, 
clergyman,  lecturer,  was  born  in  1847  in 
Chaplin,  Ky.  He  attended  the  univer 
sity  of  Indianapolis, 
from  which  institu 
tion  he  received  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.  and 
A.  M. ;  then  attended 
the  Syracuse  univer 
sity,  graduating  from 
the  classical  course 
with  the  degree  of 
Ph.  D.  For  many 
years  he  was  the  ed 
itor  of  The  Apos 
tolic  Church,  of 
Louisville,  Ky.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  Columbia  Chris 
tian  college;  and  has  filled  pastorates  in 
Scranton,  Pa.;  Louisville  and  Paducah, 
Ky. ;  Fort  Worth,  Galveston,  and  Austin, 
Texas,  in  which  latter  city  he  now  re 
sides.  He  is  the  author  of  Culture;  Strug 
gles  and  Triumphs  of  the  Truth;  and 
other  works. 

LOWE,  DAVID  PEARLY,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1823,  in 
Oneida  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  in  Kansas  in  1863  and 
1864;  and  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  court 
of  Kansas  from  1867  to  1871.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses  as  a  republican. 

LOWE,  ENOCH  L.,  governor,  was  born 
in  Maryland.  In  1851  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  that  state,  serving  until  1854. 

LOWE,  JOHN  CUPP,  educator,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1873,  in  Stella, 
Neb.  For  several  years  he  taught  short 
hand  in  a  business  college  in  Omaha,  in 
which  city  he  has  been  United  States  cir 
cuit  court  clerk,  and  held  various  other 
public  positions  of  trust.  He  contributes 
extensively  to  the  periodical  press,  and  is 
the  author  "of  several  poems  of  merit. 

LOWE,  JOHN  WILLIAMSON,  soldier, 
was  born  Nov.  9,  1809,  in  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  captain  in  the  second  Ohio 
volunteers  during  the  Mexican  war,  and 
in  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  joined 
the  national  army  as  captain  of  the  first 
company  that  was  raised  in  Greene  coun 
ty.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1861,  in  Nicholas 
county,  Va. 

LOWE,  JOSEPH  G.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Dec.  31,  1846,  in  Rush  county, 
Ind.  He  is  an  eminent  attorney  of  Wash 
ington,  Kan.,  and  has  served  as  a  member 
of  the  lower  house  of  the  Kansas  legis 
lature.  In  1895  he  was  appointed  state 
railroad  commissioner  of  Kansas. 


LOWE,  MRS.  MARTHA  ANN  [PER 
RY],  author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1829, 
in  Keene,  N.  H.  She  is  a  poet  of  Somer- 
ville,  Mass.,  whose  husband,  Charles  Lowe, 
was  a  Unitarian  minister  of  prominence. 
She  is  the  author  of  The  Olive  and  the 
Pine,  a  book  of  verse;  Love  in  Spain,  and 
Other  Poems;  The  Story  of  Chief  Joseph, 
a  poem;  and  Life  of  Charles  Lowe. 

LOWE,  RALPH  P.,  lawyer,  jurist,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1805  in  Montgomery 
county,  Ohio.  In  1849  he  removed  to  Keo- 
kuk,  Iowa;  and  in  1853  was  elected  judge 
of  the  first  judicial  district.  In  1857,  while 
serving  his  second  term  as  district  judge, 
he  was  elected  governor  of  the  state;  and 
before  the  close  of  his  term  was  elected 
a  judge  of  the  state  supreme  court  for  the 
term  of  six  years.  He  became  chief  jus 
tice  of  that  court.  He  died  Dec.  22,  1883, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

LOWE,  THADDEUS  S.  C.,  aeronaut,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1832,  in  Jeffer 
son,  N.  H.  He  invented  and  put  into  prac 
tical  use  a  portable  apparatus  for  gener 
ating  hydrogen  gas  for  war  balloons.  He 
is  the  inventor  of  a  machine  for  making 
water  gas,  which  is  successfully  used  in  a 
number  of  large  cities. 

LOWE,  WILLIAM  B..  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  July,  1839,  in  Greenville, 
Ga.  Since  1889  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Columbus  Southern  railroad  at  At 
lanta,  Ga. 

LOWE,  WILLIAM  MANNING,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  Hunts- 
ville,  Ala.  He  entered  the  confederate 
army  as  a  private  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  He  was  solicitor  of 
the  fifth  judicial  circuit  of  Alabama  in 
1865-68;  and  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1870;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Alabama  to  the 
forty-sixth  congress. 

LOWE,  WILLIAM  WARREN,  soldier, 
was  born  Oct.  12,  1831,  in  Indiana.  He 
was  brevetted  colonel  and  brigadier-gen 
eral  for  services  in  the  war,  and  promoted 
major  in  1866.  He  built  on  the  Salmon 
river  the  first  smelting  works  in  Idaho, 
and  more  recently  prospected  for  petrole 
um  in  Wyoming  territory,  and  discovered 
a  well  of  lubricating  oil  on  the  Little 
Popoagie  river. 

LOWELL,  ABBOTT  LAWRENCE,  ed 
ucator,  lawyer,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  13,  1856,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer  in  his  native  city;  and 
has  been  a  lecturer  in  the  Harvard  uni 
versity.  He  is  the  author  of  Essays  on 
Government;  Governments  and  Parties 
of  Continental  Europe;  and  other  works. 

LOWELL,  MRS.  ANNA  CABOT  [JACK 
SON],  was  born  in  1819  in  Boston,  Mass. 
She  is  the  author  of  Theory  of  Teaching; 
Edward's  First  Lessons  in  Grammar  and 
Geometry;  Outlines  of  Astronomy;  Let 
ters  to  Madame  Pulksky;  Seed  Grains  for 
Thought;  and  several  compilations.  She 
died  Jan.  7,  1874,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

LOWELL,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1782,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  prominent  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Boston,  pastor  of  the  West 
Church  from  1806  until  his  death.  He  was 
the  author  of  Occasional  Sermons;  Practi 
cal  Sermons;  Meditations  for  the  Afflict 
ed;  and  Devotional  Exercises  for  Com 
municants.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1861,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

LOWELL,  EDWARD  JACKSON,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1845,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Bos 
ton;  and  the  author  of  The  Hessians  and 
Other  German  Auxiliaries  of  Great  Britain 
in  the  Revolutionary  War;  and  The  Eve 
of  the  French  Revolution.  He  died  in 
1894. 


HERRINGSHAW'9    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHV. 


601 


LOWELL,  FRANCIS  CABOT,  merchant, 
was  born  April  7,  1775,  in  Newburyport. 
In  1813  he  became  convinced  that  it  was 
practicable  to  introduce  cotton  manufac 
ture  into  the  United  States,  and  the  re 
sult  was  the  establishment  of  factories  at 
Waltham,  Mass.,  and  finally,  after  his 
death,  the  foundation  of  the  city  of  Low 
ell,  which  was  named  in  his  honor.  He 
died  Aug.  10,  1817,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

LOWELL.  FRANCIS  CABOT,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1855  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  Boston  lawyer;  and  the  author 
of  Joan  of  Arc,  a  valuable  historical  biog 
raphy. 

LOWELL,  JAMES  RUSSELL,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1819,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  was  born  in  Cambridge, 
and  was  graduated 
from  Harvard  uni 
versity  in  1839, 
where  he  succeeded 
Longfellow  as  pro 
fessor  of  belles-let 
tres  in  1855.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders 
of  The  Atlantic 
Monthly,  editing  that 
periodical  from  the 
start  in  1857  until 
1862,  and  co-editor  of 
The  North  American 
Review  during  1863-72.  In  1877  he  was 
appointed  minister  to  Spain,  and  in  1878 
transferred  to  England,  where  he  re 
mained  as  minister  until  1885.  His  po 
etical  works  are:  A  Year's  Life;  Poems; 
The  Vision  of  Sir  Launfal;  A  Fable  for 
Critics;  The  Biglow  Papers;  Poems;  The 
Commemoration  Ode;  The  Biglow  Pa 
pers,  second  series;  Under  the  Willows, 
and  Other  Poems;  Three  Memorial  Poems; 
Heartsease  and  Rue;  and  Last  Poems. 
In  prose  his  writing  comprises  Conversa 
tions  with  Some  of  the  Old  Poets;  Life 
of  Keats;  Fireside  Travels;  The  Presi 
dent's  Policy;  Among  My  Books;  My 
Study  Windows;  Among  My  Books,  sec 
ond  series;  Democracy,  and  Other  Ad 
dresses;  Political  Essays;  Latest  Liter 
ary  Essays  and  Addresses;  The  Old  En 
glish  Dramatists;  and  Letters,  edited  by 
C.  E.  Norton.  He  died  Aug.  12,  1891. 

LOWELL.  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  17,  1743,  in  New 
buryport.  Mass.  He  settled  in  Boston  as 
a  lawyer;  was  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  1782  to  1783;  arid 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  constitution  of  Massachusetts. 
He  was  appointed  judge  of  the  district 
court  for  the  Massachusetts  district  in 
1789;  and  in  1801  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  first  circuit.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  American  Academy 
of  Arts  and  Sciences.  He  wrote  an  En 
glish  poem,  No.  3,  in  the  Pietas,  printed 
at  Cambridge.  He  died  May  10,  1802,  in 
Roxbury,  Mass. 

LOWELL,  JOHN,  political  writer,  was 
born  Oct.  6,  1769,  in  Newburyport.  He 
was  for  many  years  president  of  the  State 
Agricultural  society,  inherited  his  fath 
er's  love  for  horticulture,  and  has  been 
called  the  Columella  of  the  New  England 
States.  Among  his  political  pamphlets, 
of  which  he  published  about  twenty-five, 
are  Peace  without  Dishonor — War  with 
out  Hope,  an  Inquiry  into  the  Subject  of 
the  Chesapeake;  Candid  Comparison  of 
the  Washington  and  Jefferson  Administra 
tions;  Diplomatick  Policy  of  Mr.  Madison 
Unveiled.  He  died  March  12,  1840,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

LOWELL,  JOHN,  philanthropist,  was 
born  May  11,  1779,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
bequeathed  $250,000  for  the  maintenance 
in  Boston  of  annual  courses  of  free  public 


lectures  on  religion,  science  and  the  arts. 
This  establishment,  the  Lowell  institute, 
went  into  operation  in  the  winter  of  1839- 
40,  and  has  been  continued  since  that 
time  with  eminent  success.  He  died 
March  4,  1836,  in  India. 

LOWELL,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Oct.  18,  1824,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In 
1865  he  was  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  judge  for  the  district  of  Massachu 
setts;  and  in  1878  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  United  States  circuit  court. 

LOWELL,  MRS.  JOSEPHINE  [SHAW], 
author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1843,  in  West 
Roxbury,  Mass.  She  is  a  philanthropist 
of  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of 
Public  Relief  and  Private  Charity. 

LOWELL,  JOSHUA  A.,  educator,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  20, 
1801,  in  Thomaston,  Maine.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Maine  legislature  in  1832, 
1833,  1835,  and  1837;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Maine  from 
1839  to  1843.  He  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1844.  He  died  March  13,  1874,  in 
Machias,  Maine. 

LOWELL,  MRS.  MARIA  [WHITE], 
poet,  was  born  July  8,  1821,  in  Watertown, 
Mass.  She  was  the  first  wife  of  J.  R. 
Lowell;  and  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems.  The  Alpine  Sheep  is  her  best 
known  poem.  She  died  Oct.  27,  1853,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

LOWELL,  PERCIVAL,  author,  was 
born  in  1855  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a 
Boston  writer,  traveler,  and  astronomical 
investigator;  and  the  author  of  Choson, 
a  sketch  of  Korea;  The  Soul  of  the  Far 
East;  Noto:  an  Unexplored  Corner  of 
Japan;  Occult  Japan;  and  Mars. 

LOWELL,  ROBERT  TRAILL  SPENCE, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  8,  1816,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  and  educator,  head 
master  of  St.  Mark's  school  of  Southbor- 
ough  in  1869-73,  and  professor  of  Latin 
at  Union  college  in  1873-79.  After  the  lat 
ter  date  he  continued  to  live  at  Schenec- 
tady,  which  is  the  locale  of  his  book,  A 
Story  or  Two  from  an  Old  Dutch  Town, 
as  Southborough  suggests  that  of  his  pop 
ular  story  of  school  life,  Antony  Brade. 
His  other  works  include  The  New  Priest 
in  Conception  Bay,  a  novel  of  life  in  New 
foundland,  the  scene  of  his  first  rector 
ship;  and  Fresh  Hearts  that  Failed  Three 
Thousand  Years  Ago,  and  Other  Poems. 
The  Defence  of  Lucknow  is  his  most  fa 
miliar  poem.  He  died  in  1891. 

LOWER,  CHRISTIAN,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1805  to  1807. 

LOWNDES,  LLOYD,  lawyer,  banker,  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  Feb.  21,1845,  in 
Clarksburg,  W.  .Va.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Wash 
ington  college,  and 
at  the  Alleghany 
college  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  removed 
to  Cumberland,  Md.; 
and  was  elected  to 
the  forty-third  con 
gress  as  a  republic 
an.  He  served  with 
distinction  as  gov 
ernor  of  Maryland; 
and  for  many  years 
has  been  president  of 
the  Second  National  bank  of  Cumberland. 

LOWNDES,  RAWLINS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
statesman,  was  born  in  1722,  in  the  West 
Indies.  In  1766  he  was  appointed  asso 
ciate  justice  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  be 
came  a  member  of  the  state  legislature; 
and  in  1778  was  president  of  the  province. 
He  died  Aug.  24,  1800,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 


LOWNDES,  THOMAS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1765  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1801  to  1805.  He 
died  July  8,  1843,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

LOWNDES,  WILLIAM  JONES,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1782,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  served  in  the  South 
Carolina  state  legislature  in  1806  and  1808; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1811  to  1822.  He  died  Nov. 
22,  1822,  at  sea. 

LOWREY,  WILLIAM  TYNDALE,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  March 
3,  1858,  in  Tishomingo  county,  Miss.  Since 
1885  he  has  been  president  of  the  Blue 
Mountain  Female  college. 

LOWRIE,  JOrtN  CAMERON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1808,  in 
Butler,  Pa.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  Travels  in  Northern  India;  Two  Years 
in  Upper  India;  Manual  of  Foreign  Mis 
sions;  Missionary  Papers;  and  Presby 
terian  Missions. 

LOWRIE,  JOHN  MARSHALL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  16,  1817,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  New  Jersey;  and  the  author 
of  Esther  and  Her  Times;  Adam  and  His 
Times;  A  Week  with  Jesus;  The  Trans 
lated  Prophet;  The  Prophet  Elisha;  and 
The  Life  of  David.  He  died  Sept.  26,  1867, 
in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

LOWRIE,  SAMUEL  THOMPSON,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8, 
1835,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  he  holds  the  office 
of  chaplain  to  the  Presbyterian  hospital  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  associated  in  the 
translation  of  the  volumes  on  Isaiah  and 
Numbers  of  Lange's  Commentaries;  wrote 
Explanation  of  Hebrews;  and  translated 
Cremer's  Beyond  the  Grave. 

LOWRIE,  WALTER,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1784,  in  Scotland. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1819  to  1825.  He  was  sec 
retary  of  the  United  States  senate  from 
1825  to  1836;  and  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  the  board  of  foreign 
missions,  which  position  he  held  for 
thirty  years.  He  died  Dec.  14,  1868,  in 
New  York  city. 

LOWRIE,  WALTER  HOGE,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  March  3,  1807,  in  Arm 
strong  county,  Pa.  He  was  chosen  presi 
dent  judge  of  a  judicial  district  in  west 
ern  Pennsylvania,  where  he  remained 
until  his  death.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1876,  in 
Meadville,  Pa. 

LOWRY,  JOSEPH  EUGENE,  railroad 
manager,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1863,  in  York- 
ville,  S.  C.  Since  1881  he  has  been  in  the 
railroad  service  as  assistant  superintend 
ent  of  transportation;  and  since  1892  as 
car  accountant  of  the  Savannah,  Ameri- 
cus  and  Montgomery  railroad  at  Ameri- 
cus,  Ga. 

LOWRY,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  April  13,  1852,  in 
Monroe  county,  Tenn.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  dis 
trict  schools;  then  attended  the  Bolivar 
Male  academy  of  Madisonville,  Tenn.,  and 
the  Hiwassee  college,  from  which  institu 
tion  he  graduated  in  1880  with  the  degree 
of  B.  S.  In  1880  he  was  licensed  to  preach, 
and  three  years  later  was  ordained  a  cler 
gyman  in  the  presbyterian  church.  He 
has  filled  chairs  in  Cain  Creek  academy, 
Loudon  college  and  Hiwassee  college;  has 
been  county  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  for  Monroe  county,  during 
1887-91,  and  has  attained  success  as  a 
clergyman  in  Tennessee,  and  now  fills  a 
pastorate  in  Kincaid. 


602 


HERRINQ8HAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LOWRY,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  Jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1824  in  Ireland. 
In  1843  he  moved  to  Fort  Wayne,  Ind., 
and  was  elected  city 
recorder.  In  1852  he 
was  appointed  cir 
cuit  judge  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  and  was  a 
candidate  for  con 
gress  in  1866,  and  al 
so  in  1868.  In  1860  he 
was  president  of  the 
democratic  state  con 
vention;  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  dem 
ocratic  national  con 
vention.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  circuit  judge  for  a  term  of 
six  years.  During  1846-67  he  resided  in 
Goshen,  and  in  the  latter  year  returned 
to  Fort  Wayne.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
circuit  judge  without  opposition;  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention  of  1872.  He  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  then  recently  created  superior 
court,  and  in  1878  was  elected  to  that 
position  for  a  term  of  four  years.  In  1879 
was  elected  the  first  president  of  the  In 
diana  State  Bar  association.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  forty-eighth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

LOWRY,  ROBERT  J.,  banker.  He  is 
the  president  of  the  Lowry  Banking  com 
pany  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  in  1897  was 
elected  president  of  the  American  Bank 
ers'  association. 

LOWRY,  SAMUEL  E.,  poet,  was  born 
Aug.  23,  1863,  in  West  Salem,  Ohio.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

LOWRY,  THOMAS,  railroad  president, 
was  born  in  1843  in  Southern  Illinois.  He 
is  president  of  the  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul 
and  Sault  Ste.  Marie  railway. 

LOY,  MATTHIAS,  theologian,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  March  17, 
1828,  in  Cumberland  county,  Pa.  In  1881 
he  was  elected  president  of  Capital  uni 
versity.  He  has  been  editor  of  the  Luth 
eran  Standard  since  1864,  and  in  1881  he 
began  the  publication  of  the  Columbus 
Theological  Magazine.  He  has  published 
The  Doctrine  of  Justification;  Life  of 
Luther,  translated;  and  Essay  on  the  Min 
isterial  Office. 

LOYALL,  GEORGE,  public  official,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  29,  1789,  in  Nor 
folk,  Va.  In  1817  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of  delegates  of  Virginia, 
and  served  ten  years.  In  1829  he  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  to  amend  the 
state  constitution,  and  from  1831  to  1837 
was  a  representative  in  congress.  In  1837 
he  was  appointed  navy  agent  at  Norfolk, 
and,  with  the  exception  of  two  years,  oc 
cupied  that  position  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  rebellion. 

LOZIER,  CHARLOTTE  IRENE,  physi 
cian,  educator,  was  born  March  15,  1844, 
in  Milburn,  N.  J.  She  was  graduated  in 
1867  at  the  New  York  Medical  college  and 
hosoital  for  women.  In  1868  she  was 
called  to  fill  the  chair  of  physiology  and 
hygiene  in  that  institution,  which  posi 
tion  she  held  until  her  death.  She  died 
Jan.  3,  1870,  in  New  York  city. 

LOZIER,  CLEMENCE  SUr'HIA,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1812,  in  Plainfield, 
N.  J.  In  1860  she  began  a  course  of  lec 
tures  on  medical  subjects  in  her  own  par 
lors,  which  in  1863  resulted  in  the  found 
ing  of  the  New  York  Medical  college  and 
hospital  for  women,  where  she  was  clin 
ical  professor  of  diseases  of  women  and 
children,  and  also  dean  of  the  faculty,  for 
more  than  twenty  years.  She  died  April 
26,  1888,  in  New  York  city. 


LUBBOCK,  FRANCIS  R.,  farmer,  mer 
chant,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1815,  in 
Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  served  as  chief  clerk 
in  the  Texas  house  of  representatives; 
clerk  of  district  court,  comptroller,  and 
other  offices  of  the  republic  of  Texas.  He 
filled  the  high  office  of  governor,  lieuten 
ant-governor,  state  treasurer,  and  other 
offices  in  the  state  of  Texas.  For  many 
years  he  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business,  and  as  a  farmer  and  ranchman. 
In  1863  he  entered  the  confederate  army 
as  an  adjutant-general;  served  on  the  staff 
of  President  Davis  as  colonel  of  cavalry; 
and  was  captured  with  him  and  impris- 
soned  in  solitary  confinement  for  about 
eight  months  at  Fort  Delaware. 

LUBKE,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1845,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  In  1882  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
circuit  court  of  St.  Louis,  resigning  in 
1889,  when  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
law  in  St.  Louis. 

LUCAS,  DANIEL  BEDINGER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  poet,  was  born  March  16, 
1836,  in  Charleston,  W.  Va.  He  is  the  son 
of  William  Lucas,  a 
distinguished  mem- 
ber  of  congress  from 
Virginia.  In  1855  he 
.unuluated  from  the 
university  of  Virgin 
ia;  and  in  1858  in 
law  from  the  Wash 
ington  college,  Vir 
ginia.  He  began  the 
practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  Charles 
ton,  W.  Va.,  and  re 
moved  to  Richmond 
two  years  later.  During  the  war  he  served 
on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Henry  A.  Wise  in  the 
Kanawna  valley,  and  in  1867  resumed  law 
in  Charleston.  He  was  democratic  presi 
dential  elector  in  1872,  1876  and  1884;  was 
chosen  to  the  legislature  in  1884-86,  and 
in  1887  was  appointed  by  the  governor  to 
the  United  States  senate.  In  1890  he  was 
nominated  and  elected  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  appeals;  and  the  following 
year  was  elected  president  of  the  court, 
which  office  he  now  holds.  He  is  a  bril 
liant  speaker,  and  the  author  of  the 
Memoir  of  John  Yates  Bell;  The  Wreath 
of  Eglantine,  and  Other  Poems;  The  Maid 
of  Northumberland;  Ballads  and  Madri 
gals;  and  other  works.  His  poem  entitled 
The  Land  Where  We  Were  Dreaming, 
has  attracted  much  attention  in  the  south. 

LUCAS,  EDWARD,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1833 
to  1837;  and  was  subsequently  appointed 
government  superintendent  at  Harper's 
Ferry,  where  he  died  March  4,  1858. 

LUCAS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  mu 
sician,  composer,  was  born  April  12,  1800, 
in  Glastonbury,  Conn.  He  delivered  more 
than  one  thousand  public  lectures,  taught 
more  than  fifty  thousand  people  to  sing, 
and  arranged  and  conducted  the  music  on 
more  than  one  thousand  public  occasions. 
He  published  much  music,  including  an 
Ordination  Anthem.  He  died  about  1880 
in  Hampshire  county.  Conn. 

LUCAS,  HARVEY  R.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Oct.  6,  1866,  near  Wetumka,  Ala. 
He  is  now  a  successful  lawyer  of  Star 
City,  Ark.,  of  which  city  he  has  been 
mayor.  In  1897  he  was  elected  to  the 
general  assembly  of  the  Arkansas  state 
legislature. 

LUCAS,  JOHN  BAPTIST  CHARLES, 
lawyer,  jurist,  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1762  in  France.  In  1792  he 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  and  served  as  a  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  for  his  district.  In  1802 


he  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  and  re-elected  in  1804.  In  1805  he- 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  United  States 
court  in  upper  Louisiana,  and  removed 
to  St.  Louis.  He  was  also  commissioner 
of  land  titles  in  that  territory,  and  held 
the  office  of  judge  until  1820,  when  he  re 
tired  to  private  life  on  a  farm  adjoining 
the  city  of  St.  Louis.  He  died  Aug.  17, 
1842.  in  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

LUCAS,  ROBERT,  soldier,  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  April  1,  1781,  in  Shep- 
herdstown,  Va.  He  was  brigadier-general 
of  Ohio  militia  in  defense  of  the  frontier 
in  1813.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio, 
legislature  in  1814.  He  was  governor  of 
Ohio  from  1832  to  1836;  and  first  terri 
torial  governor  of  Iowa  from  1838  to  1841. 
He  died  Feb.  7,  1858,  in  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

LUCAS,  S.  DECATUR,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  March  8,  1860,  in  Gal- 
latin  county,  Ky.  He  has  become  promi 
nent  as  an  educator;  and  is  the  president 
of  the  Jeff  Davis  college  of  Minden,  La. 

LUCAS,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1839 
to  1841,  and  from  1843  to  1845. 

LUCAS,  WILLIAM  V.,  soldier,  farmer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  3,  1835,  in 
Delphi,  Ind.  He  entered  the  military 
service  as  a  private  soldier  in  the  four 
teenth  Iowa  infantry,  and  in  1863  was 
promoted  to  the  captaincy  of  the  com- 
7jany.  He  was  chief  clerk  of  the  Iowa 
house  of  representatives,  the  seventeenth 
and  eighteenth  sessions;  and  was  mayor 
of  Mason  City,  Iowa.  He  was  elected  audi 
tor  of  the  state  in  188o.  He  moved  to  the 
then  territory  of  Dakota  in  1883,  at  Cham 
berlain,  and  engaged  in  farming.  In  1887 
he  was  elected  treasurer  of  Brule  county, 
and  before  his  term  expired  was  appointed 
commandant  of  the  Soldiers'  home  at  Hot 
Springs,  S.  D.,  where  he  moved  in  1890, 
and  was  elected  as  a  republican  to  the 
fifty-third  congress. 

LUCE,  CLINTON  LYSANDER,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1854,  in  Stowe, 
Vt.  In  1882  he  became  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  The  Albert  Lea  Enterprise. 

LUCE,  CYRUS  GRAY,  governor,  was 
born  July  2,  1824,  in  Windsor,  Ohio.  In 
1887  he  was  elected  governor  of  Michigan, 
resigning  in  1891. 

LUCE,  MOSES  A.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  May  14,  1842,  in  Payson,  111. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  gradu 
ated  from  Hillsdale 
college.  Michigan, 
and  from  the  Albany 
Law  school.  He  en 
listed  in  the  fourth 
regiment  of  the 
Michigan  volunteer 
infantry;  took  part 
in  a  score  or  more 
battles  and  engage 
ments;  and  for  gal 
lant  conduct  at  the 
battle  of  Spottsyl- 
vania.  while  with  the  forlorn  hope  in  the 
assault  of  May  12,  he  was  decorated  with 
the  medal  of  honor  by  the  secretary  of 
war.  After  graduating  he  began  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  Bushnell,  of  which  city  'he 
was  its  first  city  attorney.  In  1872  he  was 
the  candidate  of  his  party  for  the  state 
senate.  The  following  year  he  moved  to 
California,  settled  in  San  Diego,  and  two 
years  later  was  elected  judge  of  the  su 
perior  county  court.  He  took  an  acuve 
movement  to  bring  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
and  Santa  Fe  road  to  San  Diego,  and  in 
1880  he  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
California  Southern  Railroad  company. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


603" 


LUCE,  STEPHEN  BLEECKER,  naval 
officer,  author,  was  born  March  25,  1827, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1841  he  entered  the 
United  States  army,  and  retired  as  rear- 
admiral  on  March  25,  1889.  He  was  com- 
mander-in-chief  of  the  North  Atlantic 
station  and  president  of  the  United  States 
Naval  War  college  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  of 
which  institution  he  was  the  founder.  He 
was  commissioner-general  to  the  quadro- 
centennial  of  the  Columbian  exposition, 
Madrid,  and  was  president  of  the  United 
States  Naval  institute.  He  was  also  as 
sociate  editor  of  Johnson's  Universal  En 
cyclopedia;  a  member  of  the  editorial 
staff  of  the  Standard  Dictionary;  and  the 
author  of  Seamanship,  a  text-book  used 
at  the  Naval  academy  for  the  past  thirty 
years.  He  has  published  under  the  title 
of  Naval  Songs,  a  collection  of  original, 
selected  and  traditional  sea  songs,  which 
includes  the  music;  and  has  contributed 
extensively  to  current  literature. 

LUCKENBACH,  ABRAHAM,  mission 
ary,  author,  was  born  May  5,  1777,  in 
Lehigh  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  missionary 
of  the  Moravian  church  among  the  Dela 
ware  Indians,  laboring  till  1843,  when  he 
retired  to  Bethlehem.  He  edited  the  sec 
ond  edition  of  David  Zeisberger's  Dela 
ware  Hymn-Book;  and  published  in  the 
Delaware  language  Select  Narratives  from 
the  Old  Testament.  He  died  March  8. 
1854,  in  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

LUCKETT,  S.  M.,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  April  9,  1835,  in  Rus- 
sellville,  Ky.  He  is  a  clergyman  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  and  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Austin  college  of  Sherman, 
Texas,  for  seventeen  years. 

LUCKEY,  GEORGE  J.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1838,  in  Black- 
horse,  Md.  He  commenced  educational 
work  in  1856,  and  taught  in  Ohio.  He 
served  in  me  civil  war,  and  was  present 
at  the  siege  of  Richmond  and  Petersburg. 
For  the  past  thirty-one  years  he  has  been 
superintendent  of  the  Pittsburg  schools, 
Pennsylvania. 

LUCKEY,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  April  4,  1791,  in 
Rensselaerville,  N.  Y.  From  1842  till  his 
death  he  was  a  presiding  elder  in  the 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  circuit,  and  for  nine 
years  chaplain  of  the  Monroe  county  pen 
itentiary.  He  published  a  Treatise  on  the 
Sacrament.  He  died  Oct.  11,  1869,  in  Roch 
ester,  N.  V. 

LUDERS,  CHARLES  HENRY,  poet, 
was  born  in  1858  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
a  poet  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
The  Dead  Nymph,  and  Other  Poems;  and 
Hallo,  My  Fancy,  a  collection  of  poems. 
He  died  in  1891. 

LUDINGTON,  HARRISON,  governor, 
was  born  in  Putnam  county,  N.  Y.  He 
moved  to  Milwaukee  in  1838,  and  was 
three  times  mayor  of  that  city,  in 
1871-72  and  1875.  He  resigned  before  the 
close  of  his  last  term  to  accept  the  office 
of  governor  of  Wisconsin. 

LUDLAM,  REUBEN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  7,  1831,  in  Camden,  N.  J. 
He  is  a  Chicago  physician,  dean  of  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  college,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Clinical  Lectures  on  Diphtheria; 
and  Clinical  Lectures  on  Diseases  of 
Women. 

LUDLOW,  FITZHUGH,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1836,  in  New  .York 
city.  He  was  a  litterateur  and  journalist 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  The 
Hasheesh-Eater;  The  Opium  Habit;  The 
Heart  of  the  Continent;  Little  Brother, 
and  Other  Genre  Pictures;  and  Augustus 
Jones.  He  died  Sept.  12,  1870,  in  Geneva, 
Wis. 


LUDLOW,  GEORGE  CRAIG,  state  sen 
ator,  governor,  was  born  April  6,  1830,  in 
Milford,  N.  J.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a 
state  senator,  and  in  the  second  year  of 
his  term  was  made  president  of  the  senate. 
He  declined  a  renomination,  and  in  1880 
was  elected  governor  of  New  Jersey  for 
the  term  of  three  years  from  1881. 

LUDLOW,  GEORGE  DUNCAN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1734  on  Long  Island, 
N.  Y.  He  settled  in  New  Brunswick, 
where  he  was  a  member  of  the  first  col 
onial  council;  administered  the  govern 
ment  as  senior  councilor,  and  in  1784  be 
came  the  first  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1808,  in  Frederic- 
ton,  N.  B. 

LUDLOW,  HENRY  GILBERT,  inventor, 
manufacturer,  was  born  March  28,  1823, 
in  Troy,  N.  Y.  In  1866,  the  Ludlow  Valve 
Manufacturing  com 
pany  was  incorporat 
ed  and  began  opera 
tions  in  a  shop  in 
5k  ~ .^  Second  street  in 

*  fif-  Waterford,  N.  Y.  As 
the  valve  became 
known,  there  gradu 
ally  grew  up  a  de 
mand  for  it,  with  the 
result  of  creating  a 
large  and  to  this  day 
an  increasing  busi 
ness.  The  Ludlow 
company  are  now  the  largest  manufactu 
rers  of  these  specialties  and  of  hydrants 
in  the  world. 

LUDLOW,  JAMES  MEEKER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1841  in  New  Jer 
sey.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of 
East  Orange.  N.  J.,  from  1886,  and  the 
author  of  My  Saint  John;  Concentric 
Chart  of  History;  The  Captain  of  the 
Janizaries,  a  tale  of  the  times  of  Scander- 
beg;  A  King  of  Tyre,  a  tale  of  the  times 
of  Ezra  and  Nehemiah;  and  That  Angelic 
Woman,  a  novel. 

LUDLOW,  JAMES  REILLY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  3,  1825,  in  Albany,  N. 
Y.  In  1857  he  was  chosen  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  in  Philadelphia. 
He  filled  this  office  until  1875,  when, 
under  the  new  constitution  of  the  state, 
he  was  transferred  to  the  president  judge- 
ship  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  which 
place  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  died  Sept.  20,  1886,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LUDLOW,  NOAH  MILLER,  actor,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  4,  1795,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  an  actor  and  theatrical 
manager  in  the  southern  states;  and  the 
author  of  Dramatic  Life  as  I  Found  It.  He 
died  Jan.  9,  1886,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

LUDWIG,  CLARENCE  S.,  educator.  He 
is  a  successful  educator  and  writer  of 
Delphos,  Ohio. 

LUDWIG,  HENRY  THOMAS  JEFFER 
SON,  educator,  scientist,  was  born  Jan.  17, 
1843,  near  Mount  Pleasant,  N.  C.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  public  schools, 
and  at  the  North  Carolina  college.  Dur 
ing  a  quarter  of  a  century's  educational 
work  in  the  North  Carolina  college,  he 
taught  political  economy,  and  is  at  pres 
ent  a  director  of  his  alma  mater.  He  has 
taught  in  every  department  of  the  college 
— logic,  mathematics,  physics  and  econom 
ics,  and  astronomy.  For  ten  years  he  has 
been  a  voluntary  signal  service  observer. 
He  has  been  county  superintendent  of 
public  instruction;  a  member  of  the  Amer 
ican  Mathematical  society;  and  a  member 
of  various  other  institutions  of  science 
and  learning. 

LUERS,  JOHN  HENRY,  Roman  catho 
lic  bishop,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1819,  in 
Westphalia.  In  1857  the  diocese  of  Fort 
Wayne  was  created,  comprising  the  north 


ern  part  of  Indiana,  and  Father  Luers  was 
selected  as  its  first  bishop,  and  consecrat 
ed  in  1858.  He  died  June  20,  1871,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

LUKENS,  HENRY  CLAY,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1838,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  journalist  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  The 
Marine  Circus  at  Cherbourg,  and  Other 
Poems;  Lean  Nora,  a  travesty;  Story  of 
the  Types;  and  Jets  and  Flashes. 

LULL,  EDWARD  PHELPS,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1836,  in  Windsor, 
Vt.  He  was  promoted  midshipman  in 
1855,  and  lieutenant  in  1860.  In  1862,  he 
had  been  promoted  lieutenant-command 
er,  and  in  1863  he  was  ordered  to  active 
service,  participating  in  the  battle  of  Mo 
bile  Bay  and  subsequent  engagements.  H6 
died  March  5,  1887,  in  Pensacola,  Fla. 

LUM,  DANIEL  DYER,  author.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Spiritual  Delusion; 
Early  Social  Life  of  Man;  and  Utah  and 
Its  People. 

LUMMIS,  CHARLES  FLETCHER,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1859  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  Los  Angeles  writer;  and  the  auj 
thor  of  The  Land  of  Poco  Tiempo;  A 
Tramp  Across  the  Continent;  The  Spanish 
Pioneers;  The  Man  who  Married  the 
Moon;  Indian  folk-lore  stories;  Some 
Strange  Corners  of  Our  Country;  The 
Gold  Fish  of  Grand  Chimu;  and  A  New 
Mexico  David,  and  Other  Stories. 

LUMPKIN,  JOHN  HENRY,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  June  13, 
1812,  in  Oglethorpe  county,  Ga.  He  served 
as  secretary  in  the  executive  department 
of  Georgia;  and  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature  in  1853.  In  1838  he  was  solicitor- 
general  of  the  Cherokee  circuit.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1843  to  1849,  and  also  elected  to  the 
thirty-fourth  congress.  For  three  years 
he  held  the  office  of  judge  of  the  Cherokee 
circuit  court,  and  that  of  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  state.  He  died  June  6, 
1860,  in  Rome,  Ga. 

LUMPKIN,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1799,  in  Ogle 
thorpe  county,  Ga.  He  became  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers 
of  the  south,  and  an 
able  jurist.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  the 
public  and  political 
affairs  of  his  county 
and  state;  and  con 
tributed  extensively 
to  the  periodical 
press  on  current  and 
judicial  subjects. 
The  degree  of  LL.  D. 
was  conferred  upon 
him  by  the  Georgia 
State  university.  He  died  June  4,  1867,  in 
Athens,  Ga. 

LUMPKIN,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1848,  in 
Oglethorpe  county,  Ga.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  state  senator  of  Georgia,  and  in 
1884  was  elected  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  northern  district;  and  in 
1890  became  associate  justice  of  Georgia. 

LUMPKIN,  WILSON,  lawyer,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  14, 
1783,  in  Pittsylvania  county,  Va.  He  was 
twice  elected  governor  of  Georgia;  served 
in  the  federal  house  of  representatives 
from  1815  to  1817,  and  from  1827  to  1831. 
In  1823  he  was  appointed  to  mark  out 
the  boundary  line  between  Georgia  and 
Florida.  He  was  appointed  a  commission 
er  under  the  Cherokee  treaty  of  1835;  was 
also  a  member  of  the  board  of  public 
works,  and  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  1837  to  1841.  He  died  Dec.  28,  1870, 
in  Athens,  Ga. 


€04 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LUNA,  TRANQUILINO,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  23,  1849,  in  Los  Lunas, 
N.  M.  He  was  elected  the  delegate  from 
New  Mexico  to  the  forty-seventh  congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

LUND,  MRS.  MARY  DWINELL  (CHEL- 
LIS),  author,  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  She  is  a  prolific  writer  of  Sunday- 
school  fiction,  among  whose  works  are, 
All  for  Money;  Old  Sunapee;  Fife  and 
Drum;  Good  Work;  Mystery  of  the  Lodge; 
and  Father  Merrill. 

LUNDY,  BENJAMIN,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Jan.  4,  1789,  in  Hartwick,  N.  Y. 
As  early  as  1815  he  founded  an  anti-slav 
ery  association  called 
the  Union  Humane 
society.  In  the 
cause  to  which  he 
was  devoted  he  jour 
neyed  more  than  five 
thousand  miles  on 
foot,  and  over  twen 
ty  thousand  miles  in 
other  ways.  He  was 
the  first  abolitionist 
editor  and  lecturer  in 
America.  His  Life, 
Travels  and  Opin 
ions,  by  T.  Earl,  appeared  in  1847.  He 
died  Aug.  22,  1839,  in  Lowell,  111. 

LUNDY,  JOHN  PATTERSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1823,  in 
Danville,  Pa.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author 
of  Review  of  Bishop  Hopkins's  Bible  View 
of  Slavery;  Monumental  Christianity;  and 
Forestry.  He  died  in  1892. 

LUNGREN,  CHARLES  MARSHALL, 
journalist,  inventor,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1853,  in  Hagerstown,  Md.  He  has  studied 
the  problems  connected  with  artificial  il 
lumination,  and  has  invented  several  ap 
pliances  that  have  come  into  extensive 
use,  notably  a  regenerative  gas-lamp.  He 
is  a  member  of  scientific  societies,  and, 
•besides  writing  magazine  articles,  has  ed 
ited  the  American  edition  of  Alglave  and 
Boulard's  Electric  Light. 

LUNGREN,  FERDINAND  HARVEY, 
artist,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1857,  in  Toledo, 
Ohio.  He  has  made  many  illustrations, 
principally  for  the  Century  and  Wide 
Awake;  and  his  paintings  include  Shad 
ows  on  the  Snow. 

LUNGREN,  SAMUEL  SMITH,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Aug.  22, 
1827,  in  Philadelphia.  He  has  contributed 
numerous  articles  to  the  medical  press, 
and  is  the  author  of  a  memoir  on  the 
•Caesarean  Section. 

LUNT,  EDWARD  CLARK,  author.  He 
is  a  writer  on  economics,  and  the  author 
of  The  Present  Condition  of  Economic 
Science. 

LUNT,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  31,  1803,  in  Newburyport, 
Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Newburyport, 
and  later  a  resident  of  Scituate,  among 
whose  writings  in  poetry  and  prose  are, 
The  Age  of  Gold,  and  Other  Poems;  Lyric 
Poems;  Sonnets  and  Miscellanies;  Old 
New  England  Traits;  and  Three  Eras  of 
New  England.  The  latest  collection  of 
his  poems  was  made  in  1883.  He  died 
May  17,  1885,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

LUNT,  WILLIAM  PARSONS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  21,  1805,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
•clergyman  of  Quincy,  Mass.,  from  1835 
•until  his  death,  whose  literary  work  was 
much  admired  for  the  beauty  of  its  style. 
He  was  the  author  of  Union  of  the  Human 
Race;  and  Gleanings.  He  died  March  20, 
1857,  in  Arabia. 

LUPTON,  NATHANIEL  THOMAS,  ed 
ucator,  chemist,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
19,  1830,  in  Frederick  county,  Ga.  He  is 


an  educator  and  scientist  of  Alabama; 
state  chemist  since  1885;  and  author  of 
The  Elementary  Principles  of  Scientific 
Agriculture. 

LUSK,  WILLIAM  THOMPSON,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  May  23,  1838,  in 
Norwich,  Conn.  He  is  a  prominent  ob 
stetric  physician  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  The  Science  and  Art  of  Mid 
wifery. 

LUTCHER,  HENRY  JACOB,  lumber 
man,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1836,  in  Williams- 
port,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
free  school,  and  at  Dickinson  seminary 
of  his  native  city.  He  commenced  life  as 
a  workman  in  a  saw  mill,  and  has  attained 
success  in  the  lumber  business  at  Orange, 
Texas.  He  is  senior  partner  in  the  firm 
of  The  Lutcher  and  Moore  Cypress  Lum 
ber  company  of  Lutcher,  La.,  said  to  be 
the  best  cypress  plant  in  the  country. 
This  company  owns  half  a  million  acres 
of  pine  and  cypress  lands  in  Texas  and 
Louisiana;  they  own  the  town  of  Lutcher, 
and  the  controlling  interest  in  several 
railroads  and  business  corporations. 

LUTHER,  JOHN  HILL,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  poet,  was  born  June  21,  1824,  in 
Warren,  R.  I.  He  has  had  large  experi 
ence  as  a  journalist, 
clergyman,  and  edu 
cator,  and  for  many 
years  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Baylor 
Female  college  of 
Belton,  Texas.  He  is 
the  author  of  two 
volumes  of  poems 
entitled  My  Verses, 
and  Souvenir  Verses, 
and  has  contributed 
for  nearly  half  a  cen 
tury,  both  prose  and 
verse,  to  the  periodical  press. 

LUTHERAN,  MRS.  HATTIE  L.  HOR- 
NER,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1864, 
in  Muscatine,  Iowa.  She  is  the  author  of 
a  book  of  travels  entitled  Not  at  Home; 
and  a  volume  of  poems. 

LUTKIN,  PETER  V.,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  March  27,  1858,  in  Racine, 
Wis.  He  is  a  successful  organist,  choir 
master  and  musician  of  Chicago,  and  the 
author  of  a  number  of  songs,  church  com 
positions  and  concert  music. 

LUTTRELL,  JOHN  K.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  June  27, 
1831.  in  Knox  co.mty,  Term.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  California  in 
1863,  1865  and  1871.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth  congresses  as 
a  democrat. 

LUTZ,  NICHOLAS,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1740,  in  Germany.  He  was  captain  of  a 
battery  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  where 
he  was  taken  prisoner,  but  was  exchanged 
in  1779.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Penn 
sylvania  convention  to  ratify  the  federal 
constitution  in  1787;  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  house  of  representatives  in 
1783-94,  and  was  appointed  assistant  jus 
tice  of  Berks  county  courts  in  1795.  He 
died  Nov.  28,  1807,  In  Reading,  Pa. 

LYALL,  JAMES,  soldier,  manufacturer, 
inventor,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1836,  in  Scot 
land.  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war 
he  served  with  the  twelfth  New  York  in 
fantry  in  the  defences  of  Washington. 
In  1863  he  invented  a  simple  mixture  for 
enameling  cloth,  which  was  approved  by 
the  United  States  government,  and  led  to 
his  receiving  large  contracts  for  the  man 
ufacture  of  knapsacks  and  haversacks.  In 
1868  he  invented  the  Lyall  positive-motion 
loom,  which  has  since  been  adopted  by 
the  largest  mills  in  the  United  States,  and 
also  in  Europe,  China  and  Japan. 


in  Tarlton,  Ohio. 


LYBRAND,  ARCHIBALD,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  May  23,  1840, 
In  1861  he  enlisted  as 
a  private  in  company 
I,  fourth  Ohio  volun 
teer  infantry;  from 
this  regiment  was 
transferred  to  com- 
p  a  n  y  E,  seventy- 
third  Ohio  volunteer 
infantry,  and  pro 
moted  to  first  lieu 
tenant.  He  remained 
in  service  with  the 
seventy-third  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry 
for  three  years,  and 
the  last  two  years  was  captain  of  his  com 
pany.  In  1869  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Delaware,  Ohio;  is  a  land  owner  and  in 
terested  in  farming,  and  was  appointed 
postmaster  at  Delaware  in  1881.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

LYDA,  ANDREW  JACKSON,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1821,  in  Hancock, 
Md.  He  graduated  from  the  Augusta  col 
lege  of  Kentucky;  was  admitted  into  the 
Ohio  conference  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church  in  1843,  and  was  one  of  the 
charter  members  of  the  West  Virginia 
conference.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
chaplain  of  the  third  regiment  of  the  Vir 
ginia  volunteer  infantry,  and  of  the  sixth 
Virginia  cavalry.  He  has  been  agent  of 
the  West  Virginia  Conference  seminary 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church;  and  in 
1868  was  a  delegate  to  the  general  confer 
ence  held  in  Chicago,  111.  He  now  fills  a 
pastorate  in  Maiden,  W.  Va. 

LYDIUS,  JOHANNES,  missionary,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  in  Holland.  He  labored 
in  Schenectady  after  1705,  and  from  1702 
till  his  death  did  missionary  work  among 
the  Indians.  He  died  March  1,  1709,  in 
Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

LYELL,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  was  born 
May  13,  1775,  in  Richmond  county,  Va. 
He  labored  on  the  Frederick  circuit  in 
Virginia,  and  subsequently  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  and  was  chaplain  to  congress  during 
the  closing  years  of  the  administration 
of  John  Adams  and  the  early  part  of  that 
of  Thomas  Jefferson.  In  1804  he  became 
rector  of  Christ  church,  New  York  city, 
where  he  remained  for  over  forty  years. 
He  was  secretary  of  the  convention  of  the 
diocese  from  1811-16.  He  died  March  4, 
1848,  in  New  York  city. 

LYLE,  AARON,  soldier,  congressman. 
He  was  a  soldier  in  the  revolution,  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1809  to  1817.  He  died 
Sept.  24,  1825. 

LYLE,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was  born  Oct. 
20,  1769,  in  Rockbridge  county,  Va.  In 
1807  he  moved  to  Paris,  Ky.,  where  he 
established  an  academy,  at  the  same  time 
preaching  to  the  churches  of  Cane  Ridge 
and  Concord.  He  subsequently  gave  up 
pastoral  work  and  devoted  the  rest  of  his 
life  to  missionary  labors.  He  died  July  22, 
1825,  in  Paris,  Ky. 

LYLE,  WILLIAM,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  17,  1822,  in  Scotland.  He  is  a 
poet  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author 
of  The  Martyr  Queen,  and  Other  Poems. 

LYMAN,  BENJAMIN  SMITH,  mining 
engineer,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1835,  in  North 
ampton,  Mass.  In  1873-75  he  was  chief 
geologist  and  mining  engineer  of  the  geo 
logical  survey  of  Hokkaido  in  Japan,  and 
in  1876-77  of  the  oil  lands  of  Japan,  finally 
filling  a  similar  office  on  the  geological 
survey  of  Japan  in  1878-89.  In  1887  he 
joined  the  corps  of  the  geological  survey 
of  Pennsylvania,  with  headquarters  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


605 


LYMAN,  CHARLES,  soldier,  lawyer, 
public  official,  was  born  April  10,  1843,  in 
Bolton,  Conn.  During  the  war  he  became 
a  lieutenant  in  the  fourteenth  regiment 
Connecticut  volunteer  infantry.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer  of  Washington,  D.  C. ; 
and  has  been  an  official  for  thirty  years 
in  the  public  service,  as  chief  clerk  United 
States  treasurer's  office;  chief  examiner; 
United  States  civil  service  commissioner; 
and  as  president  United  States  civil  serv 
ice  commissioners. 

LYMAN,  CHESTER  SMITH,  educator, 
astronomer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  13, 
1814,  in  Manchester,  Conn.  When  sur 
veyor  of  California  he  sent  to  the  eastern 
states  one  of  the  earliest  authentic  ac 
counts  of  the  discovery  of  gold.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  revisers  of  Webster's  Dic 
tionary  for  the  edition  of  1864. 

LYMAN,  DANIEL  WANTON,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1844,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  For  several  terms  he  repre 
sented  the  town  of  North  Providence  in 
the  general  assembly.  In  addition  to  fifty 
thousand  dollars  that  he  bequeathed  to 
Brown  university,  he  left  by  his  will  sixty 
thousand  dollars  to  the  Society  for  the 
Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children.  He 
died  Dec.  19,  1886,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

LYMAN,  FREDERICK  A.,  musician, 
was  born  April  22,  1864,  in  Columbia, 
Conn.  Since  1890  he  has  been  connected 
with  the  American  Institute  of  Normal 
Methods,  as  instructor  in  public  schools 
of  music.  He  has  written  a  great  amount 
of  music,  including  songs,  school  music 
and  church  music. 

LYMAN,  GEORGE  ALEXANDER,  jour 
nalist,  lecturer,  was  born  June  26,  1838,  in 
Winchester,  N.  H.  In  1855  he  graduated 
from  the  Northfield 
institute  of  North- 
field,  Mass.  He  is 
the  editor  and  own 
er  of  The  Journal  of 
Amboy,  111.,  and  has 
been  an  extensive 
writer  on  social  and 
political  economy, 
and  is  known  as  a 
champion  of  the 
cause  of  popular  ed- 
ucation  and  also  of 
higher  education.  He 
is  a  lecturer  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Civics,  and  a  brilliant  orator.  He  takes 
an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state;  is  a  prominent 
member  of  several  fraternal  orders,  in 
which  he  has  held  many  positions  of 
honor. 

LYMAN,  HENRY,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  23,  1809,  in  Northampton, 
Mass.  He  was  a  missionary  at  Sumatra, 
and  was  there  killed  by  the  Battahs  on 
June  28,  1834.  He  published  a  volume  en 
titled  Condition  of  Females  in  Pagan 
Countries. 

LYMAN,  HENRY  MUNSON,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1835, 
in  Hawaiian  Islands.  He  is  a  Chicago 
physician,  professor  of  medicine  in  Rush 
Medical  college,  and  the  author  of  In 
somnia  and  Other  Disorders  of  Sleep;  Ar 
tificial  Anaesthesia;  and  Practice  of  Med 
icine. 

LYMAN,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  14,  1749,  in  Lebanon,  Conn. 
He  was  an  original  member  of  the  Ameri 
can  Foreign  Missionary  society,  and  its 
president  from  1823.  He  published  nu 
merous  sermons.  He  died  March  27,  1828, 
in  Hatfield,  Conn. 

LYMAN,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  13,  1840,  in  Lyons,  Mich.  He  en 
tered  the  union  army  in  1861,  as  a  private 
in  the  fourth  regiment  of  Iowa  cavalry; 


rose  to  the  rank  of  major,  and  at  the  time 
he  was  mustered  out  of  service,  in  1865, 
was  adjutant-general  of  the  army  of  the 
Rio  Grande.  He  was  enrolling  clerk  in 
the  state  house  of  representatives  in  1866, 
and  from  1867  to  1870  was  deputy  collector 
of  internal  revenue.  In  1^84  he  was  cir 
cuit  judge  of  the  thirteenth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Iowa,  and  in  1884  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Iowa  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  fif 
tieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

LYMAN,  JOSEPH,  artist,  was  born  July 
26,  1843,  in  Ravenna,  Ohio.  His  more  im 
portant  works  are  Summer  Night;  Even 
ing;  Moonlight  at  Sunset  on  the  Maine 
Coast;  Waiting  for  the  Tide;  Street  in  St. 
Augustine,  Florida. 

LYMAN,  JOSEPH  BARDWELL,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1829,  in 
Chester,  Mass.  He  was  an  agricultural 
journalist  of  New  York  city,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Philosophy  of  Housekeeping;  Re 
sources  of  the  Pacific  States;  Women  of 
the  War;  and  Cotton  Culture.  He  died 
Jan.  28,  1873,  in  Richmond  Hill,  N.  Y. 

LYMAN,  JOSEPH  S.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Hampden,  Mass.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1819  to  1821. 

LYMAN,  LAURA  ELIZABETH  BAKER 
—KATE  HUNNIBEE— journalist,  author, 
was  born  April  2,  1831,  in  Kent's  Hill, 
Maine.  She  was  long  an  editor  of  Home 
Interests  in  the  New  York  Tribune;  and 
since  editor  of  the  Dining-Room  Maga 
zine,  and  contributor  to  several  periodi 
cals. 

LYMAN,  SAMUEL,  state  legislator, 
state  senator,  congressman.  From  1786  to 
1788  he  served  in  the  legislature  and  from 
1790  to  1793  as  state  senator.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1795  to  1800,  when  he  re 
signed.  He  died  in  1802. 

LYMAN,  THEODORE,  philanthropist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1792,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  noted  philanthropist  of 
Boston,  and  the  founder  of  the  Lyman 
school  at  Westborough.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Three  Weeks  in  Paris;  The  Poli 
tical  State  of  Italy;  Account  of  the  Hart 
ford  Convention;  and  The  Diplomacy  of 
the  United  States  with  Foreign  Nations. 
He  died  July  18,  1849,  in  Brookline,  Mass. 

LYMAN,  THEODORE,  soldier,  scientist, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  23, 
1833,  in  Waltham,  Mass.  From  1863  to 
the  close  of  the  civil  war  he  was  lieuten 
ant-colonel  and  aide-de-camp  on  the  staff 
of  Major-General  Meade.  From  1865  to 
1882  he  was  commissioner  of  fisheries  of 
the  state  of  Massachusetts.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 
He  is  also  a  scientist  of  note,  associated 
with  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology 
in  Cambridge  from  1860.  His  principal 
work  is  the  Ophiuroidea  of  the  Challenger 
Expedition. 

LYMAN,  THEODORE  BENEDICT, 
bishop,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1815,  in  Brigh 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  elected  assistant  bish 
op  of  North  Carolina  in  1873,  and  was 
consecrated  in  Christ  church,  Raleigh,  in 
1873.  On  the  death  of  Bishop  Atkinson, 
in  1881,  he  became  bishop  of  the  diocese. 

LYMAN,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  1753,  in 
Northampton,  Mass.  He  was  brigadier- 
general  of  militia;  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  legislature  in  1787;  and  a 
state  senator  in  1789.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1793  to  1797; 
and  was  appointed  consul  to  London  in 
1805,  where  he  died  on  Oct.  1,  1811. 


LYNCH,  CHARLES,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Mississippi  from  1835  to  1837; 
his  uncle,  John  Lynch,  was  the  founder  of 
Lynchburg,  in  Virginia,  and  his  father, 
bearing  his  own  name,  was  a  distinguish 
ed  officer  in  the  revolutionary  war;  the 
term  Lynch  law  was  occasioned  by  hia 
apprehending  and  punishing,  without  legal 
ceremony  or  delay,  a  lawless  band  of  des 
peradoes  and  tories  who  had  infested  the 
country  where  he  had  command.  He  died 
Feb.  16,  1853,  in  Natchez,  Miss. 

LYNCH,  JAMES  DANIEL,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  16,  1836,  in  Mecklenburg  county, 
Va.  He  is  a  political  writer  of  Mississip 
pi;  and  the  author  of  Kemper  County 
Vindicated;  Bench  and  Bar  of  Mississip 
pi;  and  Bench  and  Bar  of  Texas. 

LYNCH,  JOHN,  merchant,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1825,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  He  served  two  terms  in 
the  state  legislature.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Maine  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fortieth,  forty-first  and  forty-second  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

LYNCH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1843,  in  Providence,  R. 
I  Since  1865  he  has  been  in  the  active 
practice  of  law  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

LYNCH,  JOHN  ROY,  jurist,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1847,  in 
Concordia  parish,  La.  In  1869  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  Natchez, 
Miss.  He  was  elected  to  the  state  legis 
lature  from  Adams  county  in  1870;  and 
re-elected  in  1871.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fourth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

LYNCH,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  about  1720,  in  South  Carolina.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  South  Carolina  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1774  to  1776.  He 
had  also  been  a  delegate  to  the  colonial 
congress  in  1765.  He  died  in  1776,  in 
South  Carolina. 

LYNCH,  THOMAS,  signer  of  the  Decla 
ration  of  Independence,  was  born  Aug.  5, 
1749,  in  Prince  George  parish,  S.  C.  In 
1775  he  was  commissioned  a  captain  in 
the  militia  service.  In  1776  he  was  elect 
ed  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress, 
and  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 

LYNCH,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  legislator, 
mayor,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  21, 
1844,  in  Milwaukee  county,  Wis.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  legislature  in 
1873  and  1883;  and  was  district  attorney 
of  the  county  from  1878  to  1882.  In  1883 
he  moved  to  Antigo,  where  he  now  re 
sides.  He  was  mayor  of  Antigo  in  1885 
and  again  in  1888.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

LYNCH,  WILLIAM  FRANCIS,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  in  April,  1801,  in  Nor 
folk,  Va.  He  was  a  naval  officer  of  promi 
nence  as  an  explor 
er,  and  the  author  of 
Narrative  of  the 
United  States  Ex 
ploring  Expedition 
to  the  River  Jordan 
and  the  Dead  Sea; 
and  Naval  Life,  or 
Afloat  and  Ashore. 
In  addition  to  his 
published  works,  he 
contributed  valuable 
articles  on  scien 
tific  and  naval  sub 
jects  to  the  leading  newspapers  and  mag 
azines  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
Oct.  17,  1865,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


LYNDE,  BENJAMIN',  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1700,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  .became  judge  of  ses 
sions  and  common  pleas,  and  in  1745  suc 
ceeded  his  father  as  chief  justice  of  the 
colony  of  Massachusetts.  He  died  Oct.  9, 
1781,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

LYNDE,  DOLPHUS  S.,  merchant,  bank 
er,  legislator,  was  born  July  1,  1833,  in 
Antwerp,  N.  Y.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  and  then  attended  the  Wesleyan 
seminary  of  Gouverneur,  N.  Y.  During 
1871-75  he  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  state  assembly  for  four  consecutive 
terms;  and  during  1878-84  was  a  member 

.of  the  New  York  state  senate.    He  served 

,on  important  committees  in  both  houses 

.of  the  legislature;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  finance  committee  of  the  senate  dur 
ing  the  last  four  years  of  his  service.  In 
1887  he  organized  the  First  National  bank 

.of  Canton,  N.  Y.,  and  has  been  its  presi 
dent  since  date  of  organization.  He  was 

,one  of  the  original  stockholders  of  the 
First  National  bank  of  Gouverneur,  N.  Y., 
and  was  one  of  its  board  of  directors 
from  its  organization  until  1887.  For 
twenty  years  he  was  a  successful  mer- 

. chant  at  riermon,  N.  Y.:   and  since  1854 

has  been  a  successful  real  estate  operator. 

LYNDE,  WILLIAM  PITT,  lawyer,  may- 

,or,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  16,  1817,  in  Sherburne,  N.  Y.  In  1844 
he  was  attorney-general  of  Wisconsin  ter 
ritory;  in  1845  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  of  Wisconsin, 
and  held  the  position  until  the  admission 

,ot  the  state.  In  1848  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  congress;  and  in  1860  was 

, elected  mayor  of  Milwaukee.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  assembly  in  1866,  and 
elected  a  state  senator  in  1868.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  a  representative  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 
He  died  Dec.  18,  1885,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
LYNDON,  JOSIAH,  governor,  was  born 
March  10,  1724,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was 
governor  of  the  state  of  Rhode  Island  in 
1768.  He  died  March  30,  1778,  in  Warren, 
R.  I. 

LYNDS,  WILLIAM  B.,  educator,  poet. 
He  is  a  successful  educator,  and  for  many 
years  superintendent  of  public  instruction 
of  Wheeler  county.  Neb.  He  has  also  been 
successful  in  fruit-growing.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature 
on  educational  topics;  and  his  poems 
have  been  published  in  a  volume  entitled 
Poetical  Works. 

LYNN,  GEORGE,  journalist,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1822,  in  England. 
For  thirty-five  years  he  was  a  journalist 
in  Lockport,  111.;  and  since  1887  in  Hast 
ings,  Neb.,  where  he  now  practices  law. 
For  awhile  he  was  editor  and  owner  of 
Our  Own  Opinion:  and  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  meritorious  poems. 

LYON,  ANNE  BOZEMAN,  author,  was 
boru  in  1860,  in  Alabama.  She  is  a  south 
ern  writer  of  fiction;  and  the  author  of 
No  Saint;  and  A  Sterlings  Camp. 

LYON,  ASA,  clergyman,  jurist,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  author,  was  born  Dec. 

.31,  1763,  in  Pomfret,  Conn.  He  was  ap 
pointed  chief  judge  of  Grand  Isle  county 
in  1805,  serving  as  such  for  nine  years; 
and  was  elected  to  the  legislature  as  a 
representative  from  South  Hero  in  1800- 
08;  and  from  Grand  Isle  in  1810-11.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  executive  council 
in  1808;  and  was  elected  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  1815-17.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  corporation  of  the  university  of 
Vermont  from  1814-21.  For  many  years 
and  until  his  death  he  was  an  able  preach 
er  of  the  gospel.  He  died  April  4,  1841. 
in  South  Hero,  Conn. 


LYON.  CALEB,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1822,  in 
Lyondale,  N.  Y.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
convention  called  in  1849  to  form  a  con 
stitution  for  California;  and  designed  the 
coat  of  arms  for  the  golden  state.  From 
his  native  state  he  was  elected  to  the  as 
sembly,  and  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  thirty-third  congress  from  New  York; 
and  in  1864  was  appointed  governor  of 
Idaho.  He  died  Sept.  8,  1875,  on  Staten 
Island,  N.  Y. 

LYON.  CHITTEND'EN,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1786,  in  Vermont. 
He  served  in  both  houses  of  the  Kentucky 
state  legislature;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Kentucky  from 
1827  to  1835.  He  was  the  son  of  Matthew 
Lyon.  He  died  Nov.  8,  1842,  in  Caldwell 
county,  Ky. 

LYON,  DAVID  GORDON,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  24,  1852,  in  Benton. 
Ala.  Since  1882  he  has  been  professor  of 
divinity  in  the  Harvard  university:  he 
is  well  versed  in  Semitic  languages  and 
history,  and  is  curator  of  the  Harvard 
Semitic  museum.  He  is  the  author  of  An 
Assyrian  Manual,  and  other  works. 

LYON,  ERNEST,  clergyman,  was  born 
Sept.  22,  1860,  in  British  Honduras.  He 
received  a  liberal  education,  and  gradu 
ated  from  the  classical  department  of  the 
New  Orleans  university.  He  studied  the 
ology  in  the  Gilbert  Seminary  and  the 
Union  Theological  seminary  of  New  York 
city.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the  meth- 
odist  episcopal  church,  in  the  Mallalieu 
chapel  in  New  Orleans,  and  at  St.  Mark's 
church  in  New  York  city.  He  has  been 
special  agent  of  the  Freedmen's  Aid  and 
Southern  Education  society;  statistical 
secretary  of  the  Louisiana  annual  con 
ference;  president  of  the  New  York 
preachers'  meeting;  and  has  filled  various 
other  high  positions  in  the  gift  of  his 
church. 

LYON,  FRANCIB  S.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  He  settled  in 
Alabama;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1835  to  1839. 

LYON,  GEORGE  REED,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  legislator,  was  born  July  19,  1846, 
in  Waukegan,  111.,  then  called  Little  Fort. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  compa 
ny  C,  sixty-ninth  regiment  volunteer  in 
fantry;  and  subsequently  was  sergeant  of 
company  K,  sixty-fourth  regiment.  He  is 
a  successful  merchant  of  Waukegan,  111.: 
and  in  1896  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
general  assembly  of  the  Illinois  state  leg 
islature. 

LYON,  IRVING  WHITALL,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1840,  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  Hartford  physician  who  wrote 
Silva;  Manitou  Island;  Burkett's  Lock; 
St.  John's  Wooing;  and  The  Old  Post 
Road.  He  died  in  1896. 

LYON,  JOHN  CHRISTIAN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  11.  1802,  in  Ger 
many.  He  has  been  called  the  founder 
of  the  German  methodist  church  in  tne 
United  States.  He  was  the  editor  and 
translator  of  several  theological  works. 
He  died  May  21.  1868,  in  Cantonville,  Md. 

LYON,  LUCIUS,  surveyor,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1800, 
in  Sherburne,  Vt.  He  emigrated  to  Michi 
gan.  He  was  a  delegate  to  congress  from 
Michigan  territory  during  the  years  1833- 
35;  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  the 
state  of  Michigan  from  1836-40;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1843  to 
1845.  His  last  public  position  was  that 
of  surveyor-general  in  the  northwest.  He 
died  Sept.  24,  1851,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

LYON,  MARY,  educator,  was  born  Feb. 
28,  1797,  in  Buckland.  Mass.  She  was  the 


founder  of  Mount  Holyoke  seminary,  of 
which  she  was  principal  in '1837-49;  and 
it  is  an  abiding  monument  to  her  energy 
and  sublime  faith.  She  died  March  5, 
1849,  in  South  Hadley. 

LYON,  MATTHEW,  statesman,  was 
born  in  1746,  in  Ireland.  He  settled  in 
Vermont  after  the  war;  and  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1779, 
and  the  four  succeeding  years.  In  1783  he 
founded  the  town  of  Fairhaven.  He  serv 
ed  that  town  in  the  legislature  ten  years; 
and  in  1786  was  assistant  judge  of  Rut 
land  county.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Vermont  from  1797  to 
1801.  He  removed  to  Kentucky;  served 
two  years  in  the  legislature  of  that  state: 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1803  to  1811.  In 
1820  he  was  appointed  a  factor  among  the 
Cherokee  Indians  in  Arkansas.  When  that 
territory  was  organized  he  was  elected  the 
first  delegate  to  congress,  but  did  not  live 
to  take  his  seat.  He  died  Aug.  1,  1822,  in 
Spadro  Bluff,  Ark. 

LYON,  NATHANIEL,  soldier,  was  born 
July  4,  1818,  in  Ashford,  Conn.  He  served 
in  Florida  during  the  latter  part  of  the 
Seminole  war.  In 
the  assault  on  the 
City  of  Mexico  he 
was  wounded  at  the 
Belen  Gate.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he 
was  ordered  to  Cali 
fornia,  and  in  1850 
he  conducted  a  suc 
cessful  expedition 
against  the  Indians. 
He  died  Aug.  10, 
1861;  being  killed  in 
the  battle  of  Wil 
son's  Creek,  Wilson's  Creek,  Mo. 

LYONS,  ALBERT  BROWN,  chemist, 
author,  was  born  April  1,  1841,  in  the  Ha 
waiian  Islands.  He  is  a  prominent  chem 
ist  of  Detroit  who  has  published  a  Man 
ual  of  Practical  Assaying. 

LYONS,  H.  A.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He  was 
an  early  emigrant  to  California;  and  in 
1851  he  was  appointed  chief  justice  for 
the  United  States  court  of  that  territory. 

LYONS,  JAMES  GILBORNE,  poet,  was 
born  in  England.  He  published  Christian 
Songs,  Translations,  and  other  Poems. 
He  died  Jan.  2,  1868,  in  Haverford,  Pa. 

LYTLE,  ROBERT  T..  congressman.  He 
was  distinguished  as  a  public  speaker; 
and  was  a  member  of  congress  from  Ohio 
from  1833  to  1835.  He  died  Dec.  21,  1839, 
in  New  Orleans,  La. 

LYTTLE,  WILLIAM  HAINES,  soldier, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1826,  in  Cincinnati. 
Ohio.  He  was  a  general  in  the  federal 
army  during  the  civil  war,  remembered 
in  literature  for  the  poem  beginning.  I  am 
Dying,  Egypt,  Dying.  He  died  Sept.  20, 
1863;  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga. 

LYTTLETON,  WILLIAM  HENRY, 
governor,  was  born  about  1720.  in  Eng 
land.  In  1755  he  was  appointed  governor 
of  South  Carolina,  and  held  the  post  till 
1760,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Jamaica. 
He  died  Sept.  1,  1808. 

MABEN,  WILLIAM  NELSON,  lawyer, 
was  born  Jan.  29,  1873,  in  Caney,  Tenn. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  Fort  Worth, 
Tex.:  and  at  the  college  of  Tennessee  and 
the  university  of  Texas.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  leading  commercial  and 
corporation  attorney  of  Texas;  and  is 
prominent  in  democratic  politics.  He  or 
ganized  the  Lloyd  Rifles  of  Fort  Worth, 
Tex.;  was  first  lieutenant  of  the  same, 
and  has  refused  the  captaincy  several 
times. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


607 


MABERY,  CHARLES  FREDERIC, 
•  chemist,  educator,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1850, 
in  North  Gorham,  Maine.  He  heid  the 
place  of  assistant  in  chemistry  from  1875 
until  1883,  when  he  was  called  to  the  chair 
of  chemistry  in  the  Case  school  of  applied 
science  in  Cleveland.  He  has  published 
in  the  American  Chemical  Journal  numer 
ous  papers. 

MABIE,  HAMILTON  WRIGHT,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  L>ec.  13,  1845,  in 
•Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  journalist  and 
essayist  of  New  York  city,  editor  of  The 
Outlook,  and  the  author  of  Norse  Stories 
Retold  from  "the  Eadas;  My  Study  Fire; 
Under  the  Trees  and  Elsewhere;  Short 
Studies  in  Literature;  Essays  in  Literary 
Interpretation;  Essays  on  Nature  and 
Culture;  and  Essays  on  Books  and  Cul 
ture. 

MABRY,  MILTON  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Waco,  Tex.  He  has  attained 
success  in  the  profession  of  law  at  Inver 
ness,  Fla. ;  has  been  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court;  and  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court. 

MACAFEE,  MRS.  NELLY  NICHOL 
(MARSHALL),  author,  was  born  in  1845, 
in  Kentucky.  He  is  a  Kentucky  writer 
•of  fiction,  and  the  author  of  Eleanor 
Morton,  or  Life  in  Dixie;  Gleanings  from 
Fireside  Fancies;  Sodom  Apples;  Wear 
ing  the  Cross;  Passion;  and  A  Criminal 
through  Love. 

MACARTHUR,  ARTHUR,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  lieutenant-governor,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1815,  in  Scotland.  He  set 
tled  in  Wisconsin;  was  lieutenant-gover 
nor  of  that  state  in  1856;  and  was  elected 
to  a  judgeship  in  that  state,  which  posi 
tion  he  held  until  1869.  In  1870  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  justices  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  tne  United  States  for  the 
District  of  Columbia.  He  is  the  author  of 
Lectures  on  the  Law;  Reports  of  Supreme 
•Court  Cases;  and  Education  in  its  Rela 
tion  to  Manual  Industry. 

MACARTHUR,  CHARLES  LAFAY 
ETTE,  journalist,  state  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  7,  1824,  in  Claremont,  N.  H.  About 
1842  he  removed  to  Milwaukee,  and  be 
came  the  first  editor  of  the  Sentinel.  In 
1846-47  he  was  city  editor  of  the  New 
York  Sun.  In  1864  he  established  the  Troy 
News,  one  of  the  earliest  Sunday  newspa 
pers  except  those  published  in  New  York 
city.  In  1881-83  he  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  state  senate. 

MACARTHUR,  JOHN,  architect,  was 
born  May  13,  1823,  in  Scotland.  Among 
the  buildings  designed  and  built  by  him 
;are  the  naval  hospitals  at  Philadelphia, 
Annapolis,  and  Mare  Island,  Cal.;  the 
state  hospitals  for  the  insane  at  Danville 
:and  Warren,  Pa.;  Lafayette  college  of 
Easton,  Pa.;  and  the  Continental,  Girard, 
and  Lafayette  hotels  of  Philadelphia. 

MACARTHUR,  ROBERT  STUART, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  July  31,  1841, 
in  Canada.  He  is  a  distinguished  baptist 
clergyman  of  New  York  city,  pastor  of 
Calvary  baptist  church  from  1870,  and 
the  author  of  Quick  Truths  in  Quaint 
Texts;  Calvary  Pulpit,  or  Christ  and  Him 
'Crucified:  and  Divine  Balustrades,  and 
Other  Sermons. 

MACBETH,  HENRY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1858,  in  Ireland. 
In  1881  he  graduated  from  Hobart  col 
lege,  and  three  years  later  from  the 
Berkeley  divinity  school.  He  has  been 
reetor  of  the  Trinity  church  of  Oxford, 
Pa.,  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Troy,  N. 
Y.,  and  Wimlham,  Conn.,  and  is  now  rec 
tor  of  St.  Paul's  chapel  of  Willimantic. 
"He  is  also  a  successful  magazine  writer 
>and  author.. 


MACCABE,  JOSEPH  BREWSTER, 
journalist,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov. 
19,  1857,  in  Manchester,  N.  H.  He  has 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
state  legislature;  and  also  as  a  state  sen 
ator.  He  is  a  successful  journalist,  and 
commander-in-chief  of  the  Sons  of  Vete 
rans. 

MACCARROLL,  JAMES,  critic,  author, 
was  born  in  1815,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a 
musical  and  dramatic  critic  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  Letters  of  Terry 
Finnegan  to  D'Arcy  McGee;  The  New 
Gauger;  Adventures  of  a  Night;  and  The 
New  Life-Boat.  He  died  in  1892. 

MACCARTY,  J.  HENDRICKSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  methodist  clergyman, 
and  the  author  of  The  Black  Horse  and 
Carry-All;  Inside  tne  Gates;  Two  Thou 
sand  Miles  through  the  Heart  of  Mexico; 
and  Fact  and  Fiction  in  Holy  Writ. 

MACCHETTA,  MRS,  BLANCHE 
ROOSEVELT  (TUCKER),  author,  was 
born  in  Wisconsin.  She  was  the  author 
of  Home  Life  of  Longfellow:  Marked  In 
Haste;  Stage  Struck;  Life  of  Dore;  The 
Copper  Queen,  a  novel;  and  Verdi,  Milan, 
and  Othello. 

MACCLELLAND,  MARGARET 
GREENWAY,  author.  She  is  a  Virginia 
novelist,  and  the  author  of  Mammy  Mys 
tic;  Old  Ike's  Memories,  a  book  of  verse; 
Princess;  Oblivion;  Jean  Monteith;  Mad 
ame  Silva;  Manitou  Island;  Burkett's 
Lock;  St.  Joan's  Wooing;  and  The  Old 
Post  Road.  She  died  in  1895. 

MACCRACKEN,  HENRY  MITCHELL, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  28,  1840,  in  Oxford,  Ohio.  He  is  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  and  educator, 
chancellor  of  the  university  of  the  City 
of  New  York  from  1891.  He  is  the  author 
of  Tercentenary  of  Presbyterianism;  Kant 
and  Lotze;  A  Metropolitan  University; 
and  Leaders  of  the  Church  Universal. 

MACCULLOCH,  HUNTER,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1847,  in  Glasgow, 
Scotland.  In  1878  he  classified  and  ar 
ranged  the  library  of  the  Spring  Garden 
institute;  and  in  1882  was  engaged  by 
Strawbridge  and  Clothier  to  edit  a  house 
hold  magazine.  He  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  dramas;  many  songs,  which  have 
been  set  to  music;  and  a  volume  of  poems 
entitled  From  Dawn  to  Dusk. 

MACDONALD,  JOHN  L.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1838,  in  Scotland.  He  was 
judge  of  the  probate  court  of  Scott  coun 
ty,  Minn.  During  the  war  of  the  rebel 
lion  he  was  commissioned  to  enlist  and 
muster  in  volunteers  for  the  union  army, 
and  served  in  that  capacity.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  house  of  represent 
atives,  1869-70;  and  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  in  1871-76.  In  1876  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  eighth  judicial  district  of 
Minnesota  for  the  term  of  seven  years, 
and  was  re-elected  without  opposition  in 
1883,  resigning  in  the  fall  of  1886.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

MACDONALD,  MOSES,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
8,  1814,  in  Limerick,  Maine.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Maine  legislature  in  1841 
and  1842;  and  in  1845  was  speaker  of  the 
house.  In  1847-49  he  served  as  treasurer  of 
the  state.  He  represented  the  first  con 
gressional  district  in  the  thirty-second 
and  thirty-third  congresses;  and  in  1857 
was  appointed  collector  for  the  districts 
of  Portland  and  Falmouth.  He  died  Oct. 
18,  1869,  in  Daco,  Maine. 

MACDONALD,  RUFUS  CYRENE,  phy 
sician,  poet,  was  born  in  1861,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  This  eminent  physician  of  Boston 
is  the  author  of  Love  and  Other  Poems. 


MACDONOUGH,  THOMAS,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1783,  in  Newcas 
tle  county,  Del.  He  was  a  midshipman  on 
board  the  Philadel 
phia  in  the  squadron 
employed  against 
Tripoli;  and  subse 
quently  took  part  in 
all  the  naval  engage 
ments  under  Com 
modore  Stephen  De- 
catur.  He  was  one 
of  the  party  in  1804 
who  recaptured  and 
destroyed  the  Phila 
delphia.  For  his  ser 
vices  in  the  war  of 
I  he  was  made  captain;  and  received  a 
gold  medal  from  congress.  He  died  Nov 
16,  1825,  at  sea. 

MACDOUGALL,  ALEXANDER,  soldier, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1731,  in  Scotland.  He  was  appointed  colo 
nel  of  the  first  New  York  regiment;  brig 
adier-general  in  1776;  and  major-general 
in  1777.  He  was  a  delegate  from  New 
York  to  the  continental  congress  in  1781- 
82,  and  in  1784-85.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  state  senate  in  1783.  He 
died  June  8,  1786,  in  New  York  city. 

MACDOUGALL,  CHARLES,  surgeon 
was  born  born  Sept.  21,  1804,  in  Chilli- 
cothe,  Ohio.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general;  was  promoted  lieuten 
ant-colonel  and  assistant  medical  purvey 
or,  in  1866,  and  retired  in  1869.  He  died 
July  25,  1885,  in  Fairfield,  Va. 

MACDOUGALL,  CLINTON  D.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  banker,  congressman,  was  born 
June  14,  1839,  in  Scotland.  He  joined  the 
army  of  the  Potomac,  and  commanded  a 
brigade  at  Gettysburg,  until  the  close  of 
the  war;  and  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  in  1864.  He  was  appointed  post 
master  of  the  city  of  Auburn  in  1869; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and  for 
ty-fourth  congresses. 

MACDOWELL,  ELIZABETH,  artist, 
was  born  in  1858,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She 
studied  art  in  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts 
of  Philadelphia,  and  has  attained  a  na 
tional  reputation  as  a  painter. 

MACE,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1811, 
in  Pickaway  county,  Ohio.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Indiana  legislature  in 
1836;  and  served  as  United  States  attor 
ney  for  Indiana  during  President  Folk's 
administration.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Indiana  from  1851  to 
1855  as  a  democrat,  and  from  1855  to  1857 
as  an  independent  candidate.  He  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  postmaster 
of  Lafayette,  Ind.  He  died  July  26,  1867, 
in  Lafayette,  Ind. 

MACE,  MRS.  FHANCES  LAUGHTON, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1836,  in  Orono, 
Maine.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  she  wrote 
the  celebrated  hymn, 
Only  Waiting,  which 
was  copied  through 
the  length  and 
breadth  of  the  land. 
She  is  the  author  of 
Legends,  Lyrics  and 
Sonnets;  and  Under 
Pine  and  Palm,  a 
magnificent  volume 
of  her  collected 
poems.  In  1855  she 
was  married  to  Ben 
jamin  H.  Mace,  an 
eminent  lawyer  and  scholar,  now  of  San 
Jose,  Cal.  Her  poems  have  constantly 
appeared  in  the  Century,  Atlantic.  Lip- 
pincott's.  Harper's,  and  the  leading  maga 
zines  of  America:  and  her  best  known 
poem  is  Only  Waiting. 


608 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MAC  GAHAN,  JANUAR1US  ALOY- 
SIUS,  journalist,  author,  was  born  June 
12,  1844,  near  New  Lexington,  Ohio.  He 
was  a  famous  journalist  and  war  corre 
spondent.  During  the  Franco-Prussian 
war  he  was  the  correspondent  at  Paris 
of  the  New  York  Herald,  and  he  went 
through  the  Russo-Turkish  war  as  the 
correspondent  of  the  London  Daily  News. 
He  was  the  author  of  Campaigning  on  the 
Oxus,  and  the  Fall  of  Khiva;  Under  the 
Northern  Lights;  and  Turkish  Atrocities 
in  Bulgaria.  He  died.  June  9,  1878,  in 
Constantinople,  Turkey. 

MACHEN,  WILLIS  BENTON,  farmer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  April  5,  181u,  in  Caldwell  county, 
Ky.  He  was  a  senator  in  the  Kentucky 
state  legislature  in  1854,  and  a  member 
of  the  lower  house  in  185u  and  1860.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  confederate  congress 
for  three  years;  and  was  appointed  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  Kentucky  to  nil  a 
vacancy,  and  served  until  1873. 

MACHIR,  JAMES,  congressman,  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1797  to  1799.  He  died  June  25,  1827. 

MAC  INTOSH,  MARIA  J.,  author,  was 
born  in  1803.  She  is  the  author  of  a  num 
ber  of  novels,  which  have  appeared  under 
the  pseudonym  of  Aunt  Kitty.  She  died 
in  1878. 

MAC  INTYRE,  ARCHIBALD  THOMP 
SON,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1822,  in  Twiggs 
county,  Ga.  He  was  a  member  of  ihe 
state  legislature  of  Georgia  in  1849;  was 
a  member  of  state  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  Georgia  in  1865;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-second  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

MACK,  CHARLES  ERNEST,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  July  22,  1857,  in  Columbia 
county,  Wis.  He  has  been  regent  of  the 
university  of  Nevada,  and  is  now  district 
jud"ge  of  the  first  judicial  district  of  Ne 
vada. 

MACK,  EDGAR  EUGENE,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  June  14,  1850,  in  Leices 
ter,  Vt.  For  fourteen  years  he  was  clerk 
of  the  district  court  of  Iowa;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Iowa  state  senate  for  four 
years. 

MACK,  GEORGE  FRANKLIN,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1845,  in  St. 
Charles,  111.  For  thirty  years  he  has  been 
a  successful  educator.  He  moved  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1850,  and  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  that  state, 
graduating  in  1865  from  the  Healdsburg 
academy.  He  served  as  superintendent  of 
schools  for  Amador  county  in  1886;  was 
again  re-elected  in  1890;  and  again  in 
1894;  and  during  1881-93  he  was  principal 
of  the  lone  public  schools. 

MACK,  NORMAN  EDWARD,  journal 
ist,  was  born  July  24,  1855,  in  West  Will 
iam,  Ontario.  He  is  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  Buffalo  Daily  Times. 

MACKALL,  WILLIAM  WHANN,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1818,  in  District  of  Co 
lumbia.  He  served  in  Kentucky  as  assist 
ant  adjutant-general  to  General  Simon 
Buckner,  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  until 
after  the  surrender  of  Fort  Henry  and 
Fort  Donelson;  and  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  brigadier-general. 

MACKAY,  CHARLES  H.,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  March  11,  1859,  In 
Bridgeport,  Maine.  He  is  the  editor  of 
the  Esoteric  of  Boston,  Mass.;  and  the 
author  of  valuable  articles  on  astronomy. 

McKAY,  DONALD,  ship  builder,  was 
born  Sept.  4,  1810,  in  Nova  Scotia.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  ne  built  the  light 
draught  monitor  Nauset,  and  the  double 
end  gunboat  Ashuelot.  His  last  work  was 
the  sloop  of  war  Adams.  He  died  Sept. 
20,  1880,  in  Hamilton,  Mass. 


MACKAY,  JOHN  W.,  capitalist,  was 
born  Nov.  28,  1831,  in  Ireland.  He  found 
ed  the  bank  of  Nevada  in  San  Francisco; 
and  with  J.  G.  Bennett  laid  two  cables 
across  the  Atlantic,  from  United  States 
to  England  and  France. 

MACKAYE,  MRS.  MARIA  ELLERY 
[GOODWIN],  educator,  author,  was  born 
in  1830,  in  Rhode  Island.  She  is  an  edu 
cator  of  Cambridge,  and  the  author  of 
The  Abbess  of  Port  Royal,  and  Other 
French  Studies. 

MAC   KEAN,    THOMAS,   signer   of   the 
Declaration    of    Independence,    was    born 
March    17,   1734,   in    Chester   county,    Pa. 
He  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  In 
dependence;   and  was  governor  of  Penn 
sylvania  in   1797-1808.     He   died   in   J«i7. 
MAC     KELLAR,    THOMAS,     manufac 
turer,   poet,   was   born   Aug.    12,    1812,    in 
New   York  city.     He  is  the  president   of 
MacKellar,    Smith 
and      Jordan      com 
pany,      the      largest 
type      founders      in 
America,  with  offices 
in  the  principal  cit 
ies    of     the     United 
States.      He    is    the 
author  of  a  number 
of     poetical     works, 
which    have    placed 
him  in  the  front  rank 
of    American    poets. 
His      works      are 

Rhymes  At  ween  Times;  Droppings  from 
the  Heart;  Psalms  and  Hymns;  and  other 
works.  He  is  also  the  author  of  The 
American  Printer;  and  has  contributed 
valuable  articles  during  the  past  half  a 
century  to  various  publications,  which 
have  been  a  valuable  acquisition  to  cur 
rent  literature.  He  is  a  man  of  integrity 
and  sterling  business  qualities,  and  makes 
his  home  in  Germantown,  Philadelphia. 

MACKENZIE,  ALEXANDER  SLID- 
ELL,  naval  officer,  author,  was  born  April 
6,  1803,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  a 
naval  officer  of  prominence  in  his  day, 
and  the  author  of  Popular  Essays  on 
Naval  Subjects;  The  American  in  Eng 
land;  Lives  of  John  Paul  Jones,  Commo 
dore  Decatur,  Commodore  Oliver  Hazard 
Perry;  and  A  Year  in  Spain.  He  died 
Sept.  13,  1848,  in  Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 

MAC  KENZIE,  RANALD  SLIDELL, 
soldier,  was  born  July  27,  1840,  in  West- 
chester  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  engaged  in 
engineering  work  throughout  the  civil 
war;  and  was  promoted  colonel  in  1867, 
and  brigadier-general  in  1882.  He  died 
Jan.  19,  1889,  on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

MACKENZIE,  ROBERT  SHELTON, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  June  22,  1809, 
in  Ireland.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Lon 
don  who  came  to  America  in  1852,  and 
from  1857  was  tne  literary  editor  of  the 
Philadelphia  Press.  His  writings  in 
clude  Lives  of  Dickens,  Scott,  and  Guizot; 
Titian:  an  art  novel;  Lays  of  Palestine; 
Partnership  en  Commandite,  a  work  upon 
commercial  law;  Bits  of  Blarney;  Morn 
ings  at  Matlock;  and  Tressilian  and  His 
Friends.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1880,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

MACKEY,  ALBERT  GALLATIN,  phy 
sician,  autnor,  was  born  March  12,  1807, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  physician 
of  Charleston  whose  life  was  principally 
devoted  to  .the  study  of  freemasonry.  He 
was  the  author  of  Text  Book  of  Masonic 
Jurisprudence;  Lexicon  of  Freemasonry; 
The  Mystic  Tie;  Book  of  the  Chapter; 
Manual  of  the  Lodge;  Cryptic  Masonry; 
Masonic  Ritualist;  Masonic  Parliamen 
tary  Law;  History  of  Freemasonry  in 
South  Carolina;  anu  Encyclopaedia  of 
Freemasonry.  He  edited  the  Ahimon 
Rezon.  He  died  June  20,  1881,  in  Fortress 
Monroe,  Va. 


MACKEY,  ANSEL  ELLIOTT,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  June  3,  1836, 
in  Rensselaerville,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  presi 
dent  and  proprietor  of  the  Geneva  Busi 
ness  and  Training  college  of  Geneva,  N. 
Y.,  which  was  established  in  1880.  He 
has  acquired  success  in  educational  work; 
and  in  literature  has  attained  prominence 
as  a  prolific  writer  on  educational  topics. 
He  began  teaching  at  the  age  of  eighteen; 
was  principal  of  the  business  department 
of  Albany  college;  and  in  1873  established 
a  commercial  school  in  the  city  of  Hud 
son,  N.  Y.  In  1880  he  established  the 
well  known  Geneva  Business  College  and 
Short  Hand  institute  of  Geneva,  N.  Y., 
which  has  become  one  of  the  lamous  in 
stitutions  of  the  country  for  business 
training. 

MACKEY,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  rail 
road  president.  He  is  president  of  the 
Indiana  Central  Railroad  company;  of  the 
Franklin  Steel  Casting  company;  and  is 
president,  director  and  trustee  of  various 
corporations.  • 

MACKEY,  EDMUND  W.  M.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  8,  1846,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
In  1873  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  forty-fourth  congress.  In  1876 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature;  and  was  speaker  of  the 
house;  and  was  assistant  United  States 
attorney  from  1878  to  1881.  He  was  again 
a  representative  in  the  forty-seventh  con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress  as  a  republican.  He  died  Jan. 
28,  1884,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

MACKEY,  JOHN,  educator,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1765,  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.  He  was  a  journalist  and  educator 
of  Charleston,  whose  American  Teacher's 
Assistant  was  the  first  comprehensive 
work  on  arithmetic  published  in  America. 
He  died  Dec.  14,  1831,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

MACKEY,  L.  A.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  25,  1819,  in  White  Deer 
township,  Pa.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress;  and  re-elected  to 
the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MACKIE,  JOHN  MILTON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1813,  in  Ware- 
ham,  Mass.  He  is  a  New  England  writer, 
in  early  life  a  tutor  in  Brown  university, 
and  the  author  of  Cosas  de  Espana;  Lives 
of  Leipnitz,  Schamyl,  Samuell  Gorton; 
Tai  Ping  Wang;  and  From  Cape  Cod  to 
Dixie. 

MACLANAHAN,  JAMES  X.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  In 
1809,  in  Antrim,  ra.  In  1841  he  was 
elected  to  the  Pennsylvania  state  senate. 
In  1849  he  was  elected  to  congress;  and 
re-elected  in  1851.  He  died  about  1864. 

MACLAY,  ROBERT  SAMUEL,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  missionary,  was  born 
Feb.  7,  1824,  in  Concord,  Pa.  During 
1847-72  he  was  missionary  to  China  from 
the  methodist  episcopal  church;  during 
1852-72  was  superintendent  of  its  mis 
sion  in  Foochow,  China;  and  during  1872- 
84  he  was  superintendent  and  organizer 
of  its  mission  to  Japan.  He  visited  Korea 
in  1884,  obtained  from  the  king  Korea's 
permit  to  Christianity,  which  opened 
methodism  to  Korea.  He  was  president 
of  the  Anglo-Japanese  college,  dean  and 
instructor  in  Tokyo.  Japan,  during  1884- 
87;  and  during  1888-93  filled  the  chair  of 
theology  in  the  Maclay  College  of  Theol 
ogy  in  San  Fernando,  Cal.  He  is  the 
author  of  Life  Among  the  Chinese;  Al 
phabetic  Dictionary  of  the  Chinese  Lan 
guage;  and  other  works. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


609 


MACLAY,  SAMUEL,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  June  7, 
1741,  in  Lurgan,  Pa.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1795  to  1797;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  1803  to  1808.  He  died  Oct.  5, 
1811,  in  Northumberland  county,  Pa. 

MACLAY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  July  20,  1737, 
in  New  Garden,  Pa.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1789  to 
1791.  He  died  April  16,  1804,  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pa. 

MACLAY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1766,  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  held  the  offices  of  county 
commissioner  and  associate  judge;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1815  to  1817;  and  again  from 
1817  to  1819.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1825. 

MACLAY,  WILLIAM  BROWN,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  March  20,  1812, 
in  New  York  city. 
"BBMBHI  '  In  ls:;';  ne  was  asso 
ciate  editor  of  the 
New  York  Quarterly 
Magazine;  and  was 
an  active  member  of 
the  legislature  or 
New  York  for  sev 
eral  years.  He  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress 
from  that  state  in 
1843;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1845  and 
1847,  and  again  elected  in  1857.  He  was 
re-elected  a  representative  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  He  died  Feb.  19,  1882,  m 
New  York  city,  N.  Y. 

MACLAY,  WILLIAM  PLUNKETT,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1774,  in  Buf 
falo  Valley,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1816  to 
1821,  having  first  entered  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1842,  in  Mil- 
roy,  Pa. 

MACLAY,  WILLIAM  WALTER,  edu 
cator,  civil  engineer,  was  born  March  27, 
1846,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  com 
missioned  as  lieutenant-commander  in 
1868,  and,  while  acting  as  fleet  captain  of 
the  Asiatic  squadron,  was  selected  by  the 
Japanese  government  to  survey  and  des 
ignate  sites  for  lighthouses. 

MACLEAN,  MRS.  CLARA  VICTORIA 
[DARGAN],  educator,  author,  was  born 
in  1840,  in  South  Carolina.  She  is  an  ed 
ucator  of  South  Carolina.  Her  work  in 
fiction  includes  Riverlands;  and  Helen 
Howard. 

MACLEAN,  GEORGE  EDWIN,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  Aug.  31,  1850,  in  Rockville,  Conn. 
He  has  filled  the  chair  of  English  lan 
guage  and  literature  in  the  university  of 
Minnesota,  and  is  now  chancellor  of  the 
university  of  Nebraska  at  Lincoln. 

MACLEAN,  JOHN,  educator,  chemist, 
lecturer,  was  born  March  1,  1771,  in  Scot 
land.  His  chemical  instructions  embraced 
the  practical  applications  of  chemistry  to 
agriculture  and  manufactures  as  well  as 
theoretical  science.  In  the  second  year 
of  his  instructions  at  Princeton  he  wrote 
two  Lectures  on  Combustion.  He  died 
Feb.  17,  1814,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

MACLEAN,  JOHN  P.,  educator,  author, 
lecturer,  was  born  March  12,  1848,  in 
Franklin,  Ohio.  In  1886  he  assisted  in 
making  the  survey  of  the  glacial  beds  of 
Butler  county,  Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of 
Manual  of  the  Antiquity  of  Man;  The 
Mastodon,  Mammoth,  and  Man;  Fingal's 
Cave;  Norse  Discovery  of  America;  and 
History  of  the  Macleans. 

39 


MAC  LEOD,  DONALD,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  17,  1821,  in  New  York  city. 
He  wrote  a  history  of  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots,  besides  several  works  and  one  vol 
ume  of  poems. 

MAC  MARTIN,  DANIEL  FREDERICK, 
lawyer,  was  born  April  25,  1868,  in  Corn 
wall,  Ontario,  Canada.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  high 
school  of  his  native  city;  and  attended  the 
Queen's  university  college  of  Kingston, 
and  Osgoode  Hall  of  Toronto.  He  has  be 
come  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ok 
lahoma  territory;  and  is  prominently 
identified  with  the  public  affairs  of  Ok 
lahoma  City  and  the  territorial  govern 
ment. 

MACMILLAN,  GEORGE  WHITFIELD, 
clergyman,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  19,  1827,  in  York  county,  Pa. 
He  was  ordained  a  clergyman  in  1857, 
and  has  filled  pastorates  in  New  York, 
Illinois  and  Ohio.  He  has  been  eminently 
successful  in  his  calling;  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Richmond  college,  Ohio,  for 
nine  years;  and  president  of  various  re 
ligious  societies.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Millennium,  or  The  Reign  of  Christ;  and 
other  works.  In  1884  he  received  the  de 
gree  of  doctor  of  divinity  from  the  Rich 
mond  college;  and  in  1885  received  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  philosophy  from  the 
Princeton  college. 

MACMURRAY,  THOMAS  J.,  clergyman, 
journalist,  lawyer,  lecturer,  poet,  was 
born  July  23,  1852,  in  Scotland.  In  1883 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  has  been  en 
gaged  in  journalism  in  Manistique,  Mich.; 
and  attained  eminence  as  a  lecturer.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Legend  of  Delaware 
Valley,  and  Other  Poems. 

MACOMB,  ALEXANDER,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  3,  1782,  'in  Detroit, 
Mich.  He  was  an  officer  of  prominence 
in  the  American 
army  during  the 
war  of  1812,  becom 
ing  major-general  in 
command  of  the 
army  in  1828.  He 
was  the  author  of 
Treatise  on  Martial 
Law;  Treatise  on 
Practice  of  Courts 
Martial ;  and  Pon- 
tiac,  a  drama.  He 
died  June  25,  1841, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 
MACOMB,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  naval 
officer,  was  born  June  16,  1818,  in  Detroit, 
Mich.  He  entered  the  navy  as  midship 
man  in  1834,  and  was  commissioned  com 
modore  in  1870.  His  last  service  was  that 
of  lighthouse  inspector.  He  died  Aug.  12, 
1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MACOMBER,  ELEANOR,  missionary, 
was  born  in  1801,  in  Lake  Pleasant,  N. 
Y.  In  1830  she  was  sent  by  the  American 
missionary  board  of  the  baptist  church  as 
a  teacher  among  the  Ojibway  Indians  at 
Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich.  She  died  April 
16,  1840,  in  India. 

MACON,  JOHN  ALFRED,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1861,  in  Alabama. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  Uncle  Gabe  Tucker. 

MACON,  NATHANIEL,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  17,  1757,  in  Warren  county,  N.  C. 
In  1791  he  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  North  Carolina,  and 
continued  a  member  of  that  body  until 
transferred  to  the  United  States  senate 
in  1815,  where  he  served  until  1828.  From 
1801  until  1805  was  speaker  of  the  house, 
and  from  1825  to  1828  was  president  pro 
tern,  of  the  senate.  He  was  for  thirty- 
seven  years  a  member  of  the  house  or 


senate,  and  was  called  the  Father  of  the 
House,  having  served  a  longer  time  in 
that  body  than  any  other  man.  His  serv 
ice  in  congress  for  thirty-seven  years  ex 
ceeds  that  of  any  other  American  states 
man,  and  the  cities,  towns  and  counties 
in  the  southern  and  western  states  which 
bear  his  name,  show  the  extent  of  his 
popularity  in  his  day.  He  died  June  29, 
1837,  in  Warren  county,  N.  C. 

MAC  QUEARY,  HOWARD,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1861,  in  Virginia. 
He  is  a  universalist  clergyman  of  Minne 
apolis.  He  was  formerly  an  episcopal 
clergyman  in  Ohio,  but,  on  account  of  his 
denial  of  the  virgin  birth  of  Christ,  was 
tried  for  heresy  in  1891  and  suspended 
from  the  episcopal  ministry.  He  is  the 
author  of  Evolution  of  Man  and  Chris 
tianity;  Topics  of  the  Times;  and  Lec 
tures  on  Theological  and  Sociological 
Themes. 

MACRAE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born 
Sept.  9,  1834,  in  Wilmington,  N.  C.  He 
served  with  distinction  in  the  civil  war, 
attaining  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 

MAC  REA,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1767.  In  1791  he  was  appointed 
from  Virginia  lieutenant  of  levies.  He  did 
good  service  in  the  action  near  New  Or 
leans,  in  1814,  and  was  brevetted  colonel 
for  ten  years'  faithful  service  in  1824.  He 
died  Nov.  3,  1832,  near  Shawneetown,  111. 

MACVICAR,  MALCOLM,  educator,  was 
born  Sept.  30,  1829,  in  Scotland.  He  was 
the  first  chancellor  of  the  McMaster 
university;  and  in  1890  became  superin 
tendent  of  education  of  the  American  bap 
tist  home  mission  society. 

MACY,  DAVID,  banker,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1810,  in  Randolph 
county,  N.  C.  In  1838  he  was  elected  by  the 
legislature  prosecuting  attorney  for  the 
sixth  judicial  district  of  the  state  of  In 
diana  for  the  term  of  two  years.  In  1840 
he  removed  to  Lawrenceburg,  Dearborn 
county,  and  resided  there,  practicing  his 
profession,  until  1852,  in  the  meantime 
serving  as  mayor  of  the  city  two  years, 
and  representing  the  county  in  the  state 
legislature  in  the  years  1845  and  1846. 

MACY,  JESSE,  educator,  author,  was 
born  June  21,  1842,  in  Knightstown,  Ind. 
He  was  professor  of  political  science  in 
the  Iowa  college.  He  is  the  author  of 
Our  Government;  First  Lessons  in  Civil 
Government;  Text  Book  for  Iowa 
Schools;  and  The  English  Constitution. 

MACY,  JOHN  B.,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Wiscon 
sin  from  1853  to  1855. 

MACY,  JOSIAH,  sea  captain,  was  born 
Feb.  25, 1785,  in  Nantucket,  Mass.  In  1812 
he  brought  to  New  York  in  the  Prudence, 
of  which  he  was  joint  owner,  the  first 
news  of  the  declaration  of  war  between 
the  United  States  and  Great  Britain.  He 
died  May  15,  1872,  in  Rye,  N.  Y. 

MACY,  WILLIAM  STARBUCK,  artist, 
was  born  Sept.  11,  1853,  in  New  Bedford, 
Mass.  He  has  studios  both  in  New  York 
and  New  Bedford.  His  chief  works  in 
clude  Edge  of  the  Forest;  Old  Forest  in 
Winter;  Old  Mill:  Winter  Sunset;  and 
January  in  Bermuda. 

MADDEN,  GEORGE  SYLVESTER, 
clergyman,  missionary,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  9,  1858,  in  Amanda,  Ohio.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  univer 
sity;  has  attained  eminence  as  a  success 
ful  clergyman  in  the  Ohio  conference; 
and  since  1892  has  been  a  missionary  in 
New  Mexico.  In  1897  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  'territorial  Epworth 
league  organization;  and  is  the  author  of 
numerous  articles  on  New  Mexico,  which 
have  appeared  in  current  publications. 


bio 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MADDOX,  JOHN  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  3,  1848.  in  Chattooga  county. 
Ga.  He  was  elected  to  the  Georgia  state 
legislature  in  1880,  and  re-elected  in  1882. 
He  was  elected  to  represent  the  forty- 
second  senatorial  uistrict  in  1884;  and 
was  elected  judge  of  the  superior  court 
in  1886,  and  re-elected  in  1890.  He  re 
signed  that  office  Sept.  1,  1892,  to  accept 
the  democratic  nomination  for  congress, 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third,  fiity- 
fourth,  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

MADISON,  DOROTHY  PAYNE,  wife  of 
President  Madison,  was  born  May  20,  1772, 
in  North  Carolina.  During  the  war  of 
1812,  when  the  capi- 
tol,  white  house  and 
other  public  build 
ings  were  burned  by 
the  British,  Mrs. 
Madison  assisted  in 
saving  valuable  na 
tional  documents; 
and  under  her  own 
supervision  the 

magnificent  portrait 
of  General  Wash 
ington  was  taken 
down  and  carried  to 
a  place  of  safety.  She  died  July  12,  1849, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MAUISON,  GEORGE,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  in  1763,  in  Virginia.  He  was 
auditor  of  public  accounts  for  twenty 
years;  and  was  chosen  governor  of  Ken 
tucky  for  four  years  in  1816.  He  died  Oct. 
14.  1816,  in  Paris,  Ky. 

MAUISON,  JAMES,  college  president, 
clergyman,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1749,  in 
Augusta  county,  Va.  In  1777  he  became 
president  of  the  William  and  Mary  col 
lege.  After  peace  was  declared  with  Great 
Britain  he  became  first  bishop  of  the 
episcopal  church  of  Virginia.  He  died 
March  6.  1812. 

MADISON,  JAMES,  fourth  president  of 
the  United  States,  was  born  March  16, 
1751,  in  Orange  county,  Va.  At  the  age 
-  of  seventeen  years 
he  entered  Princeton 
college,  N.  J.,  where 
he  graduated  in  1771, 
and  commenced  the 
study  of  the  law.  In 
1776  he  was  elected 
•'  member  of  the 
general  assembly  of 
Virginia,  and  in  1778 
was  elected  to  the 
executive  council  of 
''"''  state.  He  was 
elected  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  in  1779;  was  a  member  of 
that  body  three  years,  and  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  Virginia  from  1784  to  1786. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
which  formed  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States  in  i787.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
in  1789,  and  held  the  office  eight  years, 
during  which  time  (1794)  he  married  Mrs. 
Dolly  Paine  Todd,  a  young  widow,  twen 
ty-three  years  of  age.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  assembly  in  1797. 
In  1801  Jefferson  appointed  him  secretary 
of  state,  which  office  he  held  eight  years. 
He  was  the  successful  candidate  for  the 
presidency  in  1808,  and  was  inaugurated 
March  4,  1809.  He  was  re-elected  in  1812, 
and  took  the  oath  of  office  March  4,  1813. 
At  the  close  of  his  second  term  he  re 
tired  to  his  home  at  Montpelier,  and  died 
June  28,  1836.  Madison  held  office  about 
thirty-two  years.  He  was  economical, 
and  died  rich.  His  complete  works  have 
been  issued  in  six  volumes. 


MADISON,  ROBERT  LEE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1867.  in  Staun- 
ton,  Va.  He  received  his  education  in 
three  different  training  schools  in  Lex 
ington,  Va.,  and  at  the  United  States 
university  at  Athens,  Tenn.  He  is  a 
great-grandson  of  General  Ambrose  Mad 
ison,  who  was  a  brother  of  President 
James  Madison,  and  a  cousin  of  Bishop 
James  Madison,  the  first  episcopal  bishop 
of  Virginia.  He  has  been  principal  of  the 
Quallatown  seminary,  N.  C.;  principal  of 
the  Jackson  academy,  Sylva,  N.  C.;  and  is 
now  principal  of  the  Cullowhee  high 
school.  In  1896-97  he  was  fourth  vice- 
president  of  the  North  Carolina  Teachers' 
assembly;  and  since  1897  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  education  for  Jackson 
county,  N.  C. 

MAEDER,  FREDERICK  GEORGE, 
actor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1840,  in 
Neto  York  city.  He  has  attained  success 
as  an  actor;  and  is  the  author  of  Can- 
nuck;  Shamus  O'Brien;  Runaway  Wife; 
and  Nairn  Cree.  He  died  April  8,  1891,  in 
New  York  city. 

MAES,  CAMILLUS  PAUL,  Roman  cath 
olic  bishop,  was  born  March  13,  1846,  in 
Belgium.  He  was  ordained  priest  in  1868, 
and  sailed  for  the 
United  States  short 
ly  afterward.  he 
was  appointed  secre 
tary  of  Bishop  Bur 
gess  in  1880,  nom 
inated  for  the  see  of 
Covington  in  1884, 
and  consecrated 
bishop  in  1885,  and 
in  1897  became  arch 
bishop  of  New  Or 
leans.  He  has  pub 
lished  Life  of  Rev. 
Charles  Nerinckx;  and  is  a  contributor 
to  Roman  Catholic  periodicals. 

MAFFETT,  JAMES  THOMPSON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1837, 
in  Clarion  county,  Pa.  In  1880  he  was  a 
republican  presidential  elector  for  the 
twenty-fifth  congressional  district;  and 
in  1884  he  had  the  instructions  of  Clarion 
county.  Pa.,  for  congress.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  republican. 
He  died  May  15,  1886,  in  Wilmington, 
N.  C. 

MAFF'IT,  JOHN  NEWLAND,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  poet,  was  born  Dec. 
28,  1795,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  once  noted 
methodist  preacher  and  lecturer,  and  the 
author  of  Tears  of  Contrition;  Pulpit 
Sketches;  and  Poems.  He  died  May  28, 
1850,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 

MAGAW,  SAMUEL,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  about  1740,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  aided  in  establish 
ing  the  Philadelphia  academy,  and  was 
secretary  of  the  convention  of  Pennsyl 
vania  for  several  years.  He  published 
numerous  sermons  that  he  preached  on 
special  occasions.  He  died  Dec.  1,  1812, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MAGEE,  CHRISTOPHER  LYMAN, 
promoter,  state  senator,  was  born  April 
14,  1848,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  has  at 
tended  every  republican  national  conven 
tion  since  1876  as  a  delegate.  In  1880  he 
was  one  of  the  famous  three  hundred  and 
six  who  stood  out  tor  General  Grant.  In 
1884  he  bought  the  Pittsburg  Times,  and, 
as  president  and  editor,  built  the  circula 
tion  up  from  1,500  to  60,000  a  day.  He 
also  organized  and  became  president  of 
the  Duouesne  Traction  Co.,  and  is  also 
president  of  the  Transverse  Railway  Co. 
In  1896  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  senate. 


MAGEE,  GEORGE  J.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  March  li,  1840,  in  Bath, 
N.  Y.  Since  1869  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  company,  and 
Fall  Brook  railway  at  Corning,  N.  Y. 

MAGEE,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1827  to 
1831.  He  died  April  5,  1868,  in  Watkins, 
N.  Y. 

MAGEE,  JOHN  A.,  journalist,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  14, 
1827,  in  Perry  county.  Pa.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  in 
1863;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

MAGEE,  LEVI,  educator,  lawyer,  was 
born  Aug.  15,  1864,  in  Ontario,  Canada. 
In  1868  he  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Oregon;  attended  the  Willamette  univer 
sity  of  Salem,  and  graduated  from  that 
institution  in  the  classical  course.  For 
many  years  he  was  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work;  is  now  a  leading  lawyer  of 
Grangeville,  Idaho;  has  been  postmaster 
of  that  city,  and  filled  numerous  public 
positions  of  trust  in  his  county  and  state. 

MAGEE,  RUFUS.  journalist,  lawyer, 
diplomat,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  17, 
1845,  in  Logansport,  Ind.  In  1882  he  was 
elected  a  state  senator  of  Indiana;  in  1883 
was  elected  president  of  the  senate;  and 
served  in  the  state  senate  three  and  one- 
half  years. 

MAGELLAN  FERDINAND,  explorer, 
was  born  in  1470,  in  Portugal.  He  dis 
covered  the  group  of  islands  known  as  tne 
Philippines,  which  he  took  possession  of 
in  the  name  of  the  Spanish  king.  He  died 
April  27,  1521. 

MAGIE,  DAVID,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  13,  1795,  in  Elizabeth, 
N.  J.  In  1821  he  was  installed  as  pastor 
of  a  newly  organized  presbyterian  church 
in  Elizabeth,  with  which  he  remained 
connected  until  his  death.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Springtime  of  Life;  and  of 
a  tract  entitled  The  Citizen  Soldier,  of 
which  a  quarter  of  a  million  copies  were 
distributed  during  the  civil  war.  He  died 
May  10,  1865,  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

MAGILL,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
He  was  appointed  in  1801  United  States 
circuit  judge  for  the  fourth  circuit. 

MAGILL,  EDWAnD  HICKS,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
24,  1825,  in  Solebury,  Pa.  In  1869  he 
became  principal  of  the  Swarthmore  pre 
paratory  school,  and  in  1871  president  of 
the  Friends'  college  at  Swarthmore,  Del 
aware  county,  Pa.  He  published  a  French 
Grammar,  with  a  key;  also  two  French 
readers. 

MAGILL,  MARY  TUCKER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1832,  in  Jeffer 
son  county,  Va.  She  is  an  educator  and 
fiction  writer  of  Winchester,  Va.,  and  the 
author  of  The  Hoicombes;  Women,  or 
Chronicles  of  the  Late  War;  School  His 
tory  of  Virginia;  and  Pantomimes,  or 
Wordless  Poems. 

MAGINNIS,  JOHN  SHARP,  clergyman, 
educator,  was  born  June  13,  1805.  in  But 
ler  county.  Pa.  In- 1851  he  became  profes 
sor  in  the  new  theological  seminary  at 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  of  philosophy  in 
Rochester  university.  He  died  Oct.  15. 
1852,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

MAGINNIS,  MARTIN,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1840, 
in  Wayne  county,  N.  Y.  He  removed  to 
Montana  and  engaged  in  mining,  and  in 
publishing  and  editing  the  Helena  Daily 
Gazette.  He  was  elected  a  delegate  from 
Montana  to  the  forty-third  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fourth,  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty- 
eighth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 


HERRINGRHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     CF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


611 


MAGNER,  THOMAS  V.,  congressman, 
was  born  March  8,  1860,  in  Brooklyn,  N. 
Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
assembly  one  year,  which  office  he  held 
when  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

MAGOFFIN,  BERIAH,  governor,  was 
born  April  18,  1815',  in  Harrodsburg,  Ky. 
In  1850  he  was  elected  to  the  Kentucky 
state  senate;  and  was  governor  of  Ken 
tucky  from  1859  to  1861.  He  died  Feb.  28, 
1885,  in  Harrodsburg,  Ky. 

MAGOON,  ELIAS  LYMAN,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1810, 
in  Lebanon,  N.  H.  He  was  an  eminent 
baptist  clergyman  of  Philadelphia,  and 
the  author  of  Proverbs  for  the  People; 
Orators  of  the  American  Revolution;  Re 
publican  Christianity;  Westward  Empire; 
Eloquence  of  the  Colonial  Times;  and 
Living  Orators  in  America.  He  died  Nov. 
25,  1886,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MAGOON,  HENRY  S.,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Jan.  31,  1832,  in  Monticello,  \Vis. 
In  1855  he  was  appointed  professor  of  an 
cient  languages  in  Nashville  university, 
Tenn.,  where  he  remained  till  1857.  He 
then  returned  to  \Visconsin  and  began  the 
practice  of  law.  rie  was  elected  district 
attorney  in  1858;  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  in  1871  and  1872;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

MAGOWAN,  FRANK  ALLAN,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1859,  in  Tren 
ton,  N.  j.  He  successively  established  the 
Empire  Pottery  Co.,  the  Empire  Rubber 
Manufacturing  Co.,  and  the  Trenton  Oil 
Cloth  Co.  In  1887  he  was  elected  mayor 
of  Trenton,  N.  J. 

MAGRATH,  A.  G.,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  South  Carolina  in  1864  and 
1865. 

MAGRATH,  WILLIAM,  artist,  was  born 
March  20,  1838,  in  Ireland.  In  1883  he 
established  his  studio  in  Washington,  rie 
has  executed  many  strong  and  original 
works,  of  which  On  the  Old  Sod  attracted 
much  attention  for  its  technical  merits 
and  the  fine  sentiment  that  it  suggested. 

MAGRUDER,  ALLAN  BOWIE,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  author,  was 
born  about  1775,  in  Kentucky.  He  moved 
to  Louisiana,  and  in  1805  he  published 
Reflections  on  the  Cession  of  Louisiana 
to  the  United  States.  He  was  a  senator 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1812  to 
1813.  He  was  also  the  author  of  The 
bible  Defended;  and  Life  of  John  Mar 
shall.  He  died  April  16,  1822,  in  Opelou- 
sas.  La. 

MAGRUDER,  JOHN  BANKHEAD,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1810,  in  Winches 
ter,  Va.  In  the  Mexican  war  he  com 
manded  the  light  battery  of  General  Pil 
low's  division,  and  was  brevetted  major 
for  gallantry  at  Cerro  Gordo,  and  lieuten 
ant-colonel  for  Chapultepec.  He  died  Feb. 
19,  1871,  in  Houston,  Texas. 

MAGRUDER,  JUi^IA,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  14,  1854,  in  Charlottesville,  Va.  She 
is  a  novelist,  and  the  author  of  Miss  Ayr 
of  Virginia,  and  Other  Stories;  The  Child 
Amy;  Across  the  Chasm;  At  Anchor;  A 
Magnificent  Plebeian;  Honored  in  the 
Breach;  The  Violet;  and  Princess  Sonia. 

MAGRUDER,  PATRICK,  lawyer,  libra 
rian,  congressman,  was  born  in  1768,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Md.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1805  to  1807.  He  died  in  1819  or  1820. 
in  Petersburg. 

MAGRUDER,  RICHARD  B..  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was 
for  many  years  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state  of  Maryland.  He  died 
Feb.  11,  1«44,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 


MAGUIRE,  JAMES  G.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Feo.  22,  1853,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  1882  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  the  city  and 
county  of  San  Francisco,  serving  in  that 
office  six  years;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

MAHAN,  HEZEKIAH,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  26,  1739,  in  St. 
Stephen's  Parish,  S.  C.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  first  provincial  congress 
of  South  Carolina,  and  in  other  ways  act 
ively  promoted  the  cause  of  American 
freedom.  He  died  in  1789,  in  St.  Stephen's 
Parish,  S.  C. 

MAHAN,  ALFRED  THAYER,  naval  of 
ficer,  author,  was  born  in  1840,  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  distinguished  officer  in  the 
United  States  navy,  and  the  author  of  The 
Influence  of  Sea  Power  upon  History, 
1600-1783;  Influence  of  Sea  Power  upon 
the  French  Revolution  and  Empire,  1783- 
1812;  The  Gulf  and  Inland  Waters;  Life 
of  Admiral  Farragut;  and  Life  of  Nelson, 
the  Embodiment  of  the  Sea  Power  of 
Great  Britain. 

MAHAN,  ASA,  educator,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
9,  1800,  in  Vernou,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  con 
gregational  clergyman  and  educator,  pres 
ident  of  Adrian  college,  1860-71,  and  after 
the  latter  date  resident  in  England.  He 
was  the  author  of  Critical  History  of  Phi 
losophy;  The  Science  of  Intellectual  Phi 
losophy;  Science  of  Moral  Philosophy; 
The  Doctrine  of  the  Will;  The  Scripture 
Doctrine  of  Christian  Perfection;  Logic; 
Theism  and  Anti-Theism  in  Their  Rela 
tions  to  Science;  and  Critical  History  of 
the  American  Civil  War.  He  died  April 
4,  1889,  in  England. 

MAHAN,  DENNIS  HART,  engineer,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  2,  1802,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  military  engineer  of  dis 
tinction,  whose  text  books  have  been 
widely  used.  He  was  the  author  of  Trea 
tise  on  Field  Fortifications;  Elementary 
Course  of  Civil  Engineering;  Elementary 
Treatise  on  Advanced  Guard,  etc.;  Indus 
trial  Drawing;  Descriptive  Geometry; 
Philosophy  of  Engineering;  Permanent 
Fortifications;  and  an  edition  of  Mose- 
ley's  Mechanical  Principles  of  Engineer 
ing  and  Architecture,  with  additions.  He 
died  Sept.  16,  1871,  in  Stony  Point,  N.  Y. 

MAHAN,  FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS, 
military  engineer,  author,  was  born  March 
28,  1847,  in  West  Point,  N.  Y.  He  is  a 
noted  military  engineer;  and  one  of  the 
foremost  authorities  on  military  subjects 
in  America. 

MAHAN,  MILO,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  24,  1819,  in  Suffolk,  Va. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Balti 
more,  and  the  author  of  The  Exercise  of 
Faith;  History  of  the  Church;  Reply  to 
Colenso;  Palmoni,  a  Free  Inquiry;  and 
Comedy  of  Canonization.  He  died  Sept. 
3,  1870,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

MAHAN,  OLIVER  P.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  29,  1836,  in  Putnam  county, 
Ind.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  central  Indiana  at  Lebanon;  and  in 
1896  was  a  candidate  for  judge  of  the 
twentieth  judicial  circuit  court  of  Indiana. 

MAHANY,  ROWLAND  BLENNER- 
HASSETT,  educator,  journalist,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1864,  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  He  was  associate  editor  of  the  Buf 
falo  Express  in  1888:  and  became  in 
structor  in  history  and  literature  in  the 
high  school  in  1889.  He  was  appointed 
secretary  of  legation  to  Chile  in  1890;  ac 
credited  envoy  extraordinary  and  'min 
ister  plenipotentiary  to  Ecuador  in  1892. 
He  was  nominated  for  congress  in  1892. 
He  returned  to  Ecuador  in  1893,  and  con 


eluded  the  Santos  treaty,  negotiations  for 
which  had  remained  unsettled  for  nearly 
ten  years.  He  was  elected  in  1894  from 
New  York  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty- 
fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

MAKER,  DAVID  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  10,  1866,  in  Watsonville, 
Cal.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Michigan; 
and  for  three  years 
was  city  solicitor  of 
Watsonville,  Cal. 
For  seven  years  he 
was  engaged  in  the 
printing  business;  is 
a  member  of  several 
fraternal  orders;  . 
and  prominent  in 
the  public  affairs  of 
his  native  county. 

MAHON,  THADDEUS  M..  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1840,  in  Green  Village,  Pa.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  legis-  • 
lature  in  1870,  1871,  and  1872;  and  was  a 
candidate  for  congress  in  1876.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and 
fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

MAHONE,  WILLIAM,  civil  engineer, 
soldier,  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1826,  in  Monroe,  Va.  In 
his  youth  he  taught 
school  and  then  be 
came  a  civil  engi 
neer  on  the  sur 
veys  of  the  Orange 
and  Alexandria 
railroads.  He  sub 
sequently  built 
the  Fredericksburg 
Plank  road;  then 
was  chief  engineer 
of  the  Norfolk  and 
Petersburg  railroad; 
and  became  its  pres 
ident.  He  served  as  quartermaster  in  the 
confederate  army,  and  became  major- 
general.  In  1881  he  entered  the  United 
States  senate,  and  served  a  full  term  for 
six  years.  It  was  through  his  policy  that 
the  free  school  system  of  his  state  was 
rehabilitated;  the  whipping  post  abol 
ished;  the  prerequisite  to  suffrage  re 
moved;  a  colored  normal  school  and  a 
colored  asylum  were  erected;  and  the 
state  expenses  reduced. 

MAHONEY,  PETER  P.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  25,  1848,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress;  and  re-elected  to 
the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MAIN,  JOHN  COTTON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Dec.  14,  1868,  in  Bell  county,  Ky. 
He  attended  the  Union  college  at  Barbour- 
ville,  Ky.,  and  soon  afterward  attained 
prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Hamil 
ton,  Texas.  He  nas  been  a  county  judge 
of  Hamilton  county;  practices  law  in  the 
district  and  state  courts;  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs. 

MAIN,  THOMAS,  educator,  civil  engi 
neer,  author,  was  born  in  1828,  in  Scot 
land.  He  was  a  mechanical  engineer,  pro 
fessor  of  ship  building  in  the  Webb  acad 
emy  of  ship  building,  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  History  of  the  Steam  En 
gine.  He  died  in  1896. 

MAISH,  LEVI,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1837,  in  York 
county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  Penn 
sylvania  state  legislature  in  186V.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress:  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as 
a  democrat. 


612 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MAJETTE,  MARK  MARSDEN,  lawyer, 
public  official,  writer,  was  born  Sept.  i9, 
1865,  in  Hertford  county,  N.  C.  He  at 
tended  the  university  of  North  Carolina, 
and  soon  attained  prominence  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  his  native  state.  He  has 
been  mayor  of  Chapel  Hill,  and  also  of 
Columbia,  N.  C.;  and  has  been  prominent 
ly  identified  with  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state.  In  literature  he  has 
contributed  articles  to  the  foremost  mag 
azines;  and  is  a  correspondent  of  several 
newspapers. 

MAJORS,  THOMAS  J.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  25,  1841,  in  Jefferson  county, 
Iowa.  He  was  a  member  of  tne  territor 
ial  council;  and  when  Nebraska  was  ad 
mitted  as  a  state  served  in  the  first  state 
senate,  and  was  re-elected.  He  was 
elected  a  contingent  member  of  congress 
in  1876  and  1878;  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Nebraska  to  the  forty-fifth 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  again 
elected  a  contingent  member  of  the  forty- 
sixth  congress. 

MAKIN,  THOMAS,  author,  poet,  was 
born  about  1665.  He  was  the  author  of 
two  Latin  poems  addressed  to  James 
Logan,  which  were  found  among  his 
papers  at  his  death.  He  died  in  1733,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MALBONE,  FRANCIS,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1757, 
in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Rhode  Island  from 
1793  to  1797;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  in  1809.  He  died  June  4,  1809,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

MALCOLM,  JAMES  FELLER,  artist, 
author,  was  born  in  August,  1767,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  began  painting  and 
engraving  in  1787.  He  went  to  London, 
worked  for  the  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
and  drew  and  engraved  plates  for  histor 
ical  and  antiquarian  works.  He  published 
Lonuinium  Redivivum,  or  an  Ancient 
History  and  Modern  Description  of  Lon 
don;  Excursion  in  the  Counties  of  Kent, 
Gloucester,  etc.;  Letters  Between  the 
Rev.  James  Granger  and  Many  Eminent 
Men;  First  Impressions,  or  Sketches  from 
Art  and  Nature;  Anecdotes  of  the  Man 
ners  and  Customs  of  London;  Miscellan 
eous  Anecdotes;  and  .tin  Historical  Sketch 
of  the  Art  of  Caricaturing.  He  died  April 
5,  1815. 

MALCOLM,  NORMAN  E.,  educator, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  June  21,  1862, 
in  Butte  county,  Cal.  He  served  as  a 
member  of  the  thirty-second  assembly 
of  the  California  state  legislature. 

MALCOM,  HOWARD,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1799,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man;  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American  Tract  society.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Nature  and  Extent  of  the  Atone 
ment;  Bible  Dictionary;  Christian  Rule 
of  Marriage;  and  Travels  in  Southeastern 
Asia.  He  died  March  25,  1879,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

MALCOM,  THOMAS  SHIELDS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  23,  1821, 
in  Hudson,  N.  Y.  In  1846  he  went  to 
Philadelphia  as  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  so 
ciety.  His  only  publication  was  a  tract 
entitled  One  Honest  Effort,  which  has  ap 
peared  in  eight  different  languages,  and 
of  which  several  million  copies  have  been 
circulated.  He  died  Jan.  5,  188(5,  in  Phila 
delphia. 

MALE,  JOB,  banker,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1SJ8,  in  England.  In 
1884  he  built  and  gave  to  the  city  of 
Plainfield  a  library  and  art  gallery,  to  be 
known  as  the  Job  Male  library  and  art 


gallery.  This  gift  is  valued  at  $25,000, 
and  the  building  already  contains  works 
of  art  worth  $10,000  and  about  7,000  books. 
MALLALIEU,  WILLARD  FRANCIS, 
clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1828, 
in  Sutton,  Mass.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  East 
Greenwich  academy, 
R.  I.;  and  attended 
the  Wesleyan  acad 
emy  of  Wilbraham, 
Mass.;  and  the  Wes 
leyan  university  of 
Middletown,  Conn. 
He  filled  pastorates 
in  his  church  for  a 
quarter  of  a  cen 
tury;  and  was  elect 
ed  bishop  of  the 
methodist  episcopal 
church  at  the  general  conference  held  in 
Philadelphia  in  1884.  He  has  visitea  all 
the  countries  in  Europe  but  three;  also 
Mexico,  India,  China,  Korea  and  Japan,  in 
supervising  the  world-encircling  missions 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church.  For 
two  years  he  was  presiding  elder  of  the 
Boston  district  of  the  New  England  con 
ference;  and  as  bishop  is  located  in  the 
Buffalo  diocese. 

MALLARY,  ROLLIN  CAROLUS,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  27,  1784,  in 
Cheshire,  Conn.  He  represented  the  state 
of  Vermont  in  congress  from  1820  to 
1831.  He  died  April  16,  1831,  in  Baltimore, 
Md. 

MALLERY,  GARRICK,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  April  17,  1784,  in 
Middlebury,  Conn.  During  1828-31  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  legis 
lature;  and  1831-36  was  presiding  judge  of 
the  third  judicial  district.  In  1836  he 
moved  to  Philadelphia;  and  for  several 
years  was  master  in  chancery  of  the  su 
preme  court.  He  died  July  6,  1866,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MALLERY,  GARRICK,  soldier,  ethnol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  April  23,  1831,  in 
Wilkesbarre,  Pa.  He  was  an  army  officer 
in  charge  of  the  bureau  of  ethnology  from 
its  foundation  in  1879.  He  was  the  author 
of  Calendar  of  the  Dakota  Language;  In- 
ti  eduction  to  the  Study  of  Sign  Language 
Among  North  American  Indians;  Greet 
ing  by  Gesture;  Israelite  and  Indian,  a 
Parallel  in  Planes  of  Culture;  and  Pic 
ture  Writing  of  the  American  Indians.  He 
died  in  1894. 

MALLETT,  FRANK  JAMES,  dean  of 
Laramie  cathedral,  was  born  in  Kings 
Lynn,  England.  He  has  filled  rectorships 
in  southern  Ohio  and  Marquette;  and  is 
now  dean  of  Laramie  cathedral.  He  is 
the  author  of  several  hymns  and  carols, 
and  is  also  a  orilliant  lecturer. 

MALLETTE,  HENRY  R.,  merchant, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1861,  in 
Hogansburg,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Minne 
sota  in  1877;  and  is  a  successful  merchant 
at  Foreston.  He  has  filled  numerous  po 
sitions  of  trust;  was  president  of  the  city 
council  for  three  terms;  and  in  1897  was 
elected  a  member  of  che  Minnesota  state 
legislature. 

MALLORY,  FRANCIS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 
He  dieu  March  26,  186u,  in  Norfolk. 

MALLORY,  GEORGE  R.,  business  man, 
insurance,  was  born  July  4,  1834,  in 
Brunswick  county,  Va.  For  many  years 
he  was  engaged  in  the  fire  and  life  insur 
ance!  business;  and  is  now  clerk  of  the 
county  court  at  Lawrenceville,  Va.  He  has 
been  prominently  identified  in  the  politi 
cal  affairs  of  his  county  and  state,  and  has 


filled  important  positions  in  various  fra 
ternal  orders. 

MALLORY,  GEORGE  SCOVILL,  educa 
tor,  journalist,  was  born  June  5,  18b«.  in 
Watertown,  Conn.  He  was  assistant  pro 
fessor  of  ancient  languages  in  Trinity  in 
1862-64,  and  then  held  the  professorship 
of  literature  and  oratory  till  1872.  Since 
1866  he  has  edited  the  Churchman,  a 
weekly  religious  journal  published  in  New 
York  city. 

MALLORY,  MEREDITH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1839  to  1841. 

MALLORY,  ROBERT,  agriculturist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1815,  in 
Madison  county,  Va.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress;  and  re-elected  to 
the. thirty-seventh  and  thirty-eighth  con 
gresses. 

MALLORY,  RUFUS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  10,  1831,  in  Cov 
entry  county,  N.  Y.  In  1858  he  settled 
in  Oregon;  and  was  elected  prosecuting 
attorney  for  the  first  judicial  district.  In 
1862  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  after  serving  one  session  was 
appointed  prosecuting  attorney  for  the 
third  judicial  district,  which  office  he  held 
until  1866.  In  that  year  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Oregon  to  the  for 
tieth  congress.  In  1892  he  was  president 
of  the  republican  state  convention  of 
Portland,  Ore.,  in  which  city  he  practices 
law. 

MALLORY,  STEPHEN  R.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  in  1813,  in  the  West  Indies.  He  was 
a  senator  in  congress  from  Florida,  hav 
ing  been  elected  in  1851,  serving  contin 
uously  by  re-election  until  1861.  He  was 
expelled  in  1861,  and  took  part  in  the  re 
bellion  as  secretary  of  the  confederate 
navy-  He  died  Nov.  9,  1873,  in  Pensacola, 
Fla. 

MALLORY,  STEPHEN  RUSSELL,  na 
val  officer,  lawyer,  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1848,  in  Columbia, 
S.  C.  In  1869  he  graduated  from  the 
Georgetown  college  at  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  entered  confederate  army  in  Virginia 
in  the  fall  of  1864,  and  in  the  spring 
of  1865  was  appointed  midshipman  in 
confederate  navy.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  by  the  supreme  court  of  Louisiana 
in  1872,  and  removed  to  Pensacola,  Fla., 
in  1874,  and  began  the  practice  of  law. 
He  was  elected  to  lower  house  of  the  leg 
islature  in  1876,  and  was  elected  to  the 
senate  in  1880  and  was  re-elected  in  1884. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

MALONE,  BOOTH,  lawyer,  orator.  In 
1885  he  was  mayor  of  Beloit,  Wis.,  and 
was  three  times  elected  district  attorney 
of  Rock  county. 
Since  1890  he  has 
practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Denver,  Col., 
and  has  attained  em 
inence  as  a  forcible 
and  eloquent  speak 
er.  He  has  twice 
been  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  republi 
can  state  league  of 
Colorado;  and  is 
chairman  of  the  con 
gressional  committee 
of  the  first  district.  For  four  years  he  has 
been  first  assistant  district  attorney  of 
Arapahoe  county,  in  which  Denver  is 
located,  and  out  of  thirty-six  murder  cases 
which  he  has  tried  within  the  past  six 
years,  he  has  secured  conviction  in  thirty- 
one  cases. 


HERRINGSHAW9    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


613 


MALONE,  WALTER,  poet,  was  born  in 
1866  in  Mississippi.  He  is  a  poet  of  Mem 
phis,  Tenn.,  and  the  author  of  Songs  of 
Dark  and  Dawn. 

MALONEY,  JOHN  BARTHUM,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  in  November, 
1867,  in  Key  West,  Fia.  After  receiving  a 
liberal  education  in  the  Bingham  school 
of  North  Carolina,  he  attended  the  medi 
cal  department  of  the  university  of  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  resident  physician  of 
St.  Agnes'  hospital  of  Philadelphia,  and 
is  now  a  prominent  physician  of  his  na 
tive  city.  He  has  been  city  health  officer, 
president  of  the  board  of  public  instruc 
tion  of  Monroe  county;  medical  examiner 
of  several  large  insurance  companies  and 
surgeon  to  the  fifth  battalion  Florida 
state  troops. 

MALTBY,  ALBERT  E.,  educator,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1850,  in  Pulaski,  N.  Y.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Fayetteville 
academy,  and  at  Cornell  university.  As 
a  pupil  of  Agassiz  and  Goldwin  Smith, 
he  enjoyed  unusual  advantages  in  science 
and  history.  He  commenced  educational 
work  as  a  teacher  in  the  Ury  school  of 
Philadelphia,  and  in  1878  was  appointed 
engineer  on  the  survey  of  the  boundary 
line  between  Guatemala  and  Mexico.  In 
1880  he  filled  the  chair  of  mathematics  and 
astronomy  in  St.  Lawrence  university, 
New  York;  in  1884  became  professor  of 
natural  sciences  in  the  State  Normal 
school  of  Indiana,  Pa.,  and  since  1890  Dr. 
Maltby  has  been  principal  of  the  State 
Normal  school  of  Slippery  Rock,  Pa.  He 
is  a  successful  writer  on  the  theoretical 
and  practical  in  school  methods;  and  has 
the  power  to  inspire  others  to  think  and 
to  work. 

MALTBY,  ISAAC,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  10,  1767,  in  Northfield,  Conn.  He 
was  a  Boston  author,  who  was  general  of 
militia;  and  the  author  of  Elements  of 
War;  Courts  Martial  and  Military  Law; 
and  Military  Tactics.  He  died  Sept.  9, 
1819,  in  Waterloo,  N.  Y. 

MALTBY,  JASPER  ADALMORN,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1826,  in  Kingsville, 
Ohio.  In  1861  he  entered  the  volunteer 
service  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  forty- 
fifth  Illinois  infantry;  and  was  commis 
sioned  as  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
in  1863.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1867,  in  Vicks- 
burg,  Miss. 

MAN,  ALR1CK  H.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  May  4,  1858,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  president  of  the  Sea  Beach  and 
Brighton  railroad  from  1886  to  1890. 

MANDERSON,  CHARLES  FREDER 
ICK,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1837, 
^^^^^^^  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

In  1856  he  moved  to 
Canton,  Ohio;  and 
was  elected  city  so 
licitor  in  1860.  In 
1861  he  entered  the 
army  as  first  lieu 
tenant  of  company 
A,  nineteenth  regi 
ment  Ohio  infantry; 
and  rose  through  the 
grades  of  captain, 
major,  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  colonel 
of  that  regiment.  In  September,  1864,  he 
was  severely  wounded;  and  in  1865  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
for  meritorious  services.  He  was  subse 
quently  twice  elected  district  attorney  at 
Canton,  Ohio;  and  since  1869  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Omaha,  Neb.;  for  six  years  he 
was  city  attorney  of  Omaha;  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  as  a  republican 
in  1883;  was  re-elected  in  1888;  and  was 
elected  president  pro  tern,  in  1891  to  suc 
ceed  John  J.  Ingalls. 


f 

* 


MANDEVILLE,  CHARLES  EDWARD, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Aug.  1,  1840,  in  Red  Hook-on-the-Hudson, 
N.  Y.  In  1869  he 
was  transferred  to 
the  Rock  River  con 
ference,  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in 
the  Oakland  church, 
near  Chicago;  at  Ga 
lena,  Rockford, 
Freeport,  Oak  Pane, 
Englewood  and  El 
gin.  For  three  years 
he  was  president  of 
Jennings  seminary 
of  Aurora,  111.  He 
is  also  a  successful  lecturer,  and  has  writ 
ten  much  for  religious  periodicals. 

MANDEVILLE,  GILES  HENRY,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  Dec. 
12,  1825,  in  New  lork  city.  He  was  ed 
ucated  at  Rutgers  college,  the  Theolo 
gical  seminary  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
from  which  institution  he  graduated  in 
1851.  He  has  received  the  degrees  of 
D.  D.,  and  LL.  D. ;  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  one  of  the  leading  clergymen  of 
the  reformed  church.  He  has  filled  pastor 
ates  in  Flushing,  Newburgh,  and  Har 
lem,  N.  Y.;  has  been  president  of  Hope 
college,  and  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  board  of  education  of  the  reformed 
churci.  of  America. 

MANDEVILLE,  HENRY,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  March  6,  1804, 
in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.  He  was  professor  of 
moral  philosophy  and  belles-lettres  at 
Hamilton  college  in  1841-49.  He  pub 
lished  a  successful  series  of  readers  and 
Elements  of  Reading  and  Oratory.  He 
died  Oct.  2,  1858,  .n  Mobile,  Ala. 

MANEY,  GEORGE,  diplomat,  was  a 
citizen  of  Tennessee.  In  1882  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  minister  to  Bolivia. 

MANGUM,  WILLIE  PERSON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  1792,  in  Orange  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the  North  Caro 
lina  house  of  commons  in  1818;  and  in 
1819  was  elected  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court.  From  1823  to  1826  he  served  as  a 
representative  in  congress.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  United  States  senator  in  1831;  re- 
elected  in  1841;  re-elected  for  a  third  term 
of  six  years  in  1847;  and  served  from 
1842  to  1845  as  president  pro  tern,  of  the 
senate.  In  1837  he  received  eieven  elec 
toral  votes  for  president  of  the  United 
States;  and  during  the  administration  of 
President  Tyler  was  president  of  the 
United  States  senate.  He  died  Sept.  14. 
1861,  in  Red  Moum,  N.  C. 

MANIGAULT,  GABRIEL,  patriot,  was 
born  April  21,  1704,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  acquired  wealth  by  commercial  pur 
suits,  and  in  the  beginning  of  the  revo 
lutionary  war  loaned  the  state  a  quarter 
of  a  million  dollars.  He  died  in  1781,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

MANLY,  BASIL,  clergyman,  was  born 
Jan.  28,  1798,  in  Chatham  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  chosen  president  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Alabama,  which  post  he  relin 
quished  in  1855.  He  engaged  in  mission 
ary  travels  throughout  Alabama,  and  was 
for  some  time  a  pastor  in  Montgomery. 
He  died  Dec.  21,  1868,  in  Greenville,  S.  C. 

MANLY,  BASIL,  clergyman,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1825,  in  Edge- 
field,  S.  C.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman 
and  educator,  professor  in  the  Southern 
Baptist  seminary  at  Louisville,  and  the 
author  of  Kind  Words  Teacher;  A  Call 
to  the  Ministry;  and  Bible  Doctrine  of  In 
spiration  Defended.  He  died  in  1892. 


MANLY,  CHARLES,  governor,  was 
born  in  Chatham  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
treasurer  of  the  State  university;  for  a 
long  time  reading  clerk  of  the  state  house 
of  representatives;  and  was  governor  of 
North  Carolina  from  1849  to  1851.  He 
died  May  1,  1871,  in  Kaleigh,  N.  C. 

MANLY,  JOHN  MATTHEWS,  author, 
was  born  in  1865,  in  Alabama.  He  is  the 
author  of  Pre-Shakesperean  Drama. 

MANLY,  MATTHIAS  EVANS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  April  13,  1800,  in  Chat 
ham  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  North  Carolina  state  house  of  com 
mons  in  1834-35;  was  elected  in  1840  a 
judge  of  the  superior  court,  and  filled  that 
office  till  I860,  when  he  was  chosen  a  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court.  He  died  July 
16,  1881,  in  New  Berne,  N.  C. 

MANN,  ABIJAH,  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1793,  in  Fairfield, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the  New  York 
legislature  in  1827,  serving  by  re-elections 
until  1830.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1833  to  1837;  and  was  again 
elected  to  the  legislature.  He  died  Sept. 
6,  1868,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

MANN,  CYRUS,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  April  3,  1785,  in  Oxford,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  of  West 
minster,  Mass.,  in  181o-41;  and  the  author 
of  Epitome  of  the  Evidences  of  Christian 
ity;  and  History  of  the  Temperance  Re 
formation.  He  died  Feb.  9,  1859,  in 
Stoughton,  Mass. 

MANN,  GEORGE  SUMNER,  merchant, 
author,  was  born  ^ov.  25,  1834,  in  New 
Salem,  Mass.  He  is  a  member  of  various 
societies,  and  of  the 
council  of  the  New 
England  Historic 
Genealogical  society. 
He  held  many  posi 
tions  of  trust  as  a 
public  official  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  and 
was  a  justice  of  the 
peace  of  that  city. 
He  is  the  author  of 
the  Mann  Memorial, 
a  valuable  acquisi 
tion  to  genealogical 
history  of  the  United  States. 

MANN,  HORACE,  lawyer,  college  presi 
dent,  state  senator,  congressman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  4,  1796,  in  Franklin,  Mass. 
He    was    elected    to 
the  state  legislature 
from  Dedham,  Mass. 
He  moved  to  Boston 
in     1834,    where    he 
was    elected    to    the 
state      senate      and 
chosen    president  of 
that  body.     He    was 
also  president  of  the 
^ff  Massachusetts  board 

L  of  education,  which 
he  was  foremost  in 
founding.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  congress  from  1848  to 
1853.  He  was  appointed  president  of  An- 
tioch  college  and  the  Northwestern  Chris 
tian  university  at  Indianapolis.  He  pub 
lished  Lectures  on  Education;  An  Educa 
tional  i'our;  Thoughts  for  a  Young  Man; 
Slavery:  Letters  and  Speeches;  Lectures 
on  Intemperance;  and  Powers  ana  Duties 
of  Women.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1859,  in  Yel 
low  Springs,  Ohio. 

MANN,  JAMES,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Gorham,  Maine.  He  served  in  both 
branches  of  the  Maine  legislature;  was 
paymaster  of  volunteers  during  the  war; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fortieth  congress 
as  a  democrat,  taking  his  seat  on  the  res 
toration  of  the  state.  He  died  in  Septem 
ber,  1868,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 


614 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MANN,  JAMES    R.,   lawyer,    congress 
man,  was   born   Oct.  20,   1856,   in  Bloom- 
ington,  111.  He  was  elected  alderman  from 
the         thirty-second 
ward  to  the  Chicago 
city  council,  and   re- 
elected    in    1894;    in 
.    the   city  council    for 
-    three  years;  and  was 
jj    chairman  of  the  ju- 
!    diciary       committee. 
I    in    1894   he   was   the 
I    temporary   chairman 
*     ^^j^MT        I    "'      the      republican 
^^r^^    I    state         convention, 
10^         r  Jfjj^    and  in  1895  was   the 
chairman       of      the 

Cook  county  republican  convention.  In 
1892  he  was  appointed  a  master  in 
chancery  of  the  superior  court  of 
Cook  county,  which  position  he  re 
signed  in  1896.  In  1895  he  was  elect 
ed  by  the  South  Park  commissioners  of 
Chicago  as  general  attorney  for  the  park 
board.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

MANN,  JOB,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  March  31,  1795,  in  Bethel  township, 
Pa.  Ill  1835  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  served  one  term.  In  1842  he  was 
appointed  state  treasurer,  which  office  he 
held  for  three  terms;  and  in  1847  was 
again  elected  to  congress,  where  he  serv 
ed  until  1851,  declining  a  re-election. 

MANN,  JOEL  K.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1780,  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1831  to  1835.  He  died  Sept.  4,  1857,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Pa. 

MANN,  MRS.  MARY  TYLER  (.PEA- 
BODY),  author,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1806, 
in  Cambridgeport.  Mass.  She  was  the  au 
thor  of  Flower  People;  Christianity  in 
the  Kitchen;  Culture  in  Infancy;  Life  of 
Horace  Mann;  and  Juanita,  a  Romance  of 
Real  Life  in  Cuba.  She  died  Feb.  11, 
1887,  in  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass. 

MANN,  MATTHEW  D.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  July  12,  1845,  in 
Milton,  N.  Y.  In  1880  he  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  obstetrics  and  gynaecology  in  the 
medical  department  of  the  university  of 
Buffalo.  He  is  the  author  of  a  Manual 
of  Prescription  Writing,  and  is  a  frequent 
contributor  to  medical  periodicals.  His 
principal  literary  work  was  the  editing  of 
The  American  System  or  Gynaecology. 

MANN,  NETTIE  S.,  poet.  She  has  con 
tributed  both  prose  and  verse  to  current 
literature,  and  several  of  her  poems  have 
been  given  a  place  in  standard  collections. 

MANN.  SAMUEL  E.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  April  10,  1853,  in  Lawrence, 
Mass.  For  many  years  he  taught  natural 
science,  mathematics  and  drawing  in  the 
high  school  of  Middletown,  Conn.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  Florida 
Verse. 

MANN.  WILLIAM  BENSON,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  27,  1816,  in  Burlington 
county,  N.  J.  He  was  assistant  district 
attorney  of  Philadelphia,  and  then  became 
district  attorney. 

MANN,  WILLIAM  JULIUS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  29,  1819,  in  Ger 
many.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergyman  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  Life  and 
Times  of  Henry  Muhlenberg.  He  died  in 
1892. 

MANNING,  DANIEL,  statesman,  was 
born  Aug.  16.  1831,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  In 
1881  he  became  vice-president,  and  in  1882 
president,  of  the  National  Commercial 
bank  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  park 


commissioner  in  the  city  of  Albany  from 
1873  to  1884;  and  in  1885  he  was  appoint 
ed  secretary  of  the  treasury  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1887,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

MANNING,  JACOB  MERRILL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1824,  in 
Greenwood,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  congregation 
al  clergyman  of  Boston,  pastor  of  the  Old 
South  church  in  1857-82;  and  the  author 
of  Helps  to  a  Life  of  Prayer;  Half  Truths 
and  the  Truth;  Not  of  Man,  but  of  God; 
and  Sermons.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1882,  in 
Portland,  Maine. 

MANNING,  JAMES,  clergyman,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1738,  in  Eliza 
beth,  N.  J.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  Brown  university;  and  when  that  in 
stitution  was  removed  to  Providence  he 
became  first  president.  In  1785-86  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  Rhode  Island.  He  died  July  29,  1791, 
in  Providence,  R.  I. 

MANNING,  JAMl^S  H..  journalist,  was 
born  Sept.  22,  1854,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  In 
1863  he  took  entire  charge  of  the  Albany 
Argus,  in  New  York;  and  in  1888  became 
president  of  the  Argus  company. 

MANNING,  JOHN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  July  30,  1830,  in  Edenton,  N.  C. 
In  1861  he  was  a  member  of  the  secession 
convention;  and  op 
posed  the  secession 
movement  in  his 
state;  hut  being 
compelled  to  take 
sides,  he  volunteered 
in  the  confederate 
service.  In  1870-71 
he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member 
of  congress.  In  1875 
he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  constitutional 
convention  of  North 
Carolina.  In  1881  he  was  a  member  of  the 
general  assembly;  and  during  1881-83  was 
a  member  of  the  commission  to  codify  the 
statute  laws  of  North  Carolina.  Since 
1881  he  has  been  professor  of  law  in  the 
university  of  North  Carolina;  and  the  law 
department  under  his  able  management 
has  become  the  largest  school  south  of 
Virginia. 

MANNING,  JOHN  A.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Aug.  8,  1838,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He 
was  the  first  to  make  a  satisfactory  pa 
per  for  flour  sacks,  and  he  is  also  the 
largest  manufacturer  of  rope  manila  pa 
per  in  the  world. 

MANNING,  JOHN  LAWRENCE,  gover 
nor,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1816,  in  Hickory 
Hill,  S.  C.  He  was  governor  of  that  state 
from  1852  to  1854. 

MANNING,  RANDOLPH,  jurist,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  19,  1804,  in  Plain- 
field,  N.  J.  In  1832  he  removed  to  Michi 
gan,  where  he  settled  at  Pontiac;  and  was 
chosen  state  senator  in  1837,  and  from 
1838  till  1840  held  the  office  of  secretary 
of  state.  At  the  organization  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  state  in  1858  he  was 
chosen  an  associate  justice,  and  held  the 
office  until  his  death.  He  died  Aug.  31, 
1864,  in  Pontiac,  Mich. 

MANNING,  RICHARD,  soldier,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  governor,  was  born  May 
1,  1789,  in  Sumter  district,  S.  C.  He  was 
frequently  in  the  upper  and  lower  houses 
of  the  South  Carolina  state  legislature; 
and  was  governor  of  South  Carolina  for 
two  years  from  1824.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  1834  to  1836.  He 
died  May  1,  18o6,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MANNING,  ROBERT,  pomologist,  was 
born  July  19,  i<84,  in  Salem,  Mass.  In 


1823  he  established  a  pomological  garden 
in  Salem,  which  at  the  time  of  his  deai.ii 
was  unrivaled  in  the  assortment  of  fruits 
that  were  then  cultivated,  and  contained 
nearly  one  thousand  varieties  of  pears, 
besides  several  hundred  more  of  apples, 
peaches,  plums,  and  cherries.  He  died 
Oct.  10,  1842,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

MANNING,     THOMAS     COURTLAND, 
soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1831, 
in  Edenton,  N.  C.    He  was  elected  a  lieu 
tenant   in   a   Louisiana  confederate   regi 
ment,   and   in   1863   was  /appointed    adju 
tant-general  of  the  state,  with  the   rank 
of  brigadier-general.     In  1864  he  was  ap 
pointed    an   associate   justice   of   the   su-, 
preme  court  of  Louisiana.     He  died  Oct.' 
11,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

MANNING,  VAN  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  26,  1839,  in 
North  Carolina.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Mississippi  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

MANNVILLE,  MRS.  HELEN  ADELIA 
(WOOD),  was  born  in  1839,  in  New  York. 
She  is  a  poet  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and  the 
author  of  Heart  Echoes,  a  volume  of 
verse. 

MANOGUE,  r-ATRlCK,  bishop,  was 
born  in  1831,  in  Ireland.  He  is  a  prom 
inent  Roman  catholic  bishop  of  Virginia 
City,  Nev. 

MANROSS,  NEWTON  SPAULDING, 
mining  engineer,  was  born  June  20,  1825, 
in  Bristol,  Conn.  He  visited  mines  and 
metallurgical  establishments  in  Europe; 
and  in  1853  he  was  sent  with  an  exploring 
expedition  to  South  America,  and  spent 
several  months  in  examining  the  gold  re 
gion  of  the  Yuruari  between  Orinoco  and 
Amazon  rivers.  He  died  Sept.  7,  1862,  in 
Sharpsburg,  Md. 

MANSFIELD,  EDWARD  DEERING, 
lawyer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
17,  1801,  in  New  Haven.  Conn.  He  was  a 
lawyer  and  journalist  of  Cincinnati,  and 
the  author  of  Utility  of  Mathematics; 
Treatise  on  Constitutional  Law;  Political 
Grammar  of  the  United  States;  Legal 
Rights,  etc.,  of  Married  Women;  Life  of 
General  Scott;  History  of  the  Mexican 
War;  American  Education;  Memoirs  of 
D.  Drake;  Popular  Life  of  General  Grant; 
and  Personal  Memories.  He  died  Oct.  27, 
1880,  in  Morrow,  Ohio. 

MANSFIELD,  JARED,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  23,  1759,  in  New  Ha 
ven,  Conn.  He  was  a  mathematician,  pro 
fessor  at  West  Point  in  1812-28.  and  pub 
lished  Essays:  Mathematical  and  Physi 
cal.  He  died  Feb.  3,  1830,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn. 

MANSFIELD,  JOHN  ALEXANDER, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1854, 
near  Bloomfield,  Ohio.  He  entered  into 
the  practice  of  law  in  Steubenville,  Ohio. 
In  1887  he  was  elected  probate  judge  of 
his  county,  and  received  the  re-election  in 
1890.  In  1892  he  resigned  his  office  to  take 
up  the  duties  of  common  pleas  judge, 
which  position  he  still  holds. 

MANSFIELD,  JOHN  BRAINARD,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  6,  1826,  in  Andover, 
Vt.  He  published  with  Austin  J.  Cool- 
edge,  the  first  volume  of  a  History  of  the 
New  England  States,  embracing  Maine. 
New  Hampshire,  and  Vermont.  In  1866 
he  published  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  The 
American  Loyalist,  in  which  were  printed 
biographies  and  speeches  of  members  of 
the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He  died  Oct. 
29,  1886,  in  Effingham,  Kan. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


615 


MANSFIELD,  JOSEPH  KING  FENNO, 
soldier,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1803,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  In  1822  he  was  assigned  to 
the  engineer  corps, 
Hi  and  for  the  next 
three  years  was  an 
assistant  to  the 
board  of  engineers, 
then  assembled  in 
New  York,  and  en 
gaged  in  planning 
fortifications  for  the 
defense  of  the  har 
bors  and  cities  on 
the  coast.  He  served 
in  the  Mexican  war 
as  chief  engineer  un 
der  General  Taylor;  was  brevetted  major 
for  gallant  and  distinguished  services; 
and  also  served  with  distinction  in  the 
civil  war.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1862,  in 
Sharpsburg,  Md. 

MANSFIELD,  LEWIS  WILLIAM,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1816,  in  Connecti 
cut.  He  is  a  writer  of  Cohoes,  N.  Y.,  and 
the  author  of  The  Morning  Watch,  a  book 
of  verse;  Up-Country  Letters;  and  Coun 
try  Margins. 

MANSHIP,  ANDREW,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  23,  1824,  in  Caroline 
county,  Md.  He  is  a  methodist  evangelist 
of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  Thir 
teen  Years  in  the  Itineracy;  Cherished 
Memories;  Reminiscences  from  the  Sad 
dle  Bags  of  a  Methodist  Preacher;  and 
History  of  Gospel  Tents  and  Experience. 

MANSHIP,  LUTHER,  merchant,  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  Jackson,  Miss.  In  1894 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Mississip 
pi  state  legislature. 

MANSON,  MAHLON  D.,  soldier,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1820,  in  Piqua,  Ohio.  He  enlisted  as  a 
private  during  the  rebellion,  and  became 
colonel  of  the  tenth  Indiana  infantry; 
and  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  1862.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress  from  Indiana  as  a 
democrat. 

MANSUR,  CHARLES  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  6,  1835,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Livingston  county,  Mo.,  from  1875  till 
1879.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  and 
fifty-first  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MANTLE,  LEE,  state  legislator,  was 
born  in  1851,  in  England.  He  has  been 
alderman  and  mayor  of  Butte  City;  and 
was  three  times  eiected  to  the  territorial 
legislature  of  Montana,  the  last  time  be 
ing  made  speaker. 

MANUCY,  DOMINIC,  R.  C.  bishop,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1823,  in  St.  Augustine,  Fla. 
He  was  for  some  time  stationed  at  the 
cathedral  of  the  Immaculate  conception, 
Mobile,  and  in  1864  was  appointed  pastor 
of  Montgomery,  where  he  continued  for 
ten  years.  He  died  Dec.  4,  1885,  in  Mobile, 
Ala. 

MANVILLE,  MARION,  author,  was 
born  July  13,  1860,  in  La  Crosse,  Wis.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Over  the 
Divide,  a  collection  of  verse. 

MANZANARES,  FRANCISCO,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  25, 
1843,  in  Abiquiu,  N.  M.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

MAPES,  CHARLES  VICTOR,  agricul 
tural  chemist,  journalist,  was  born  July 
4,  1836,  in  New  York  city.  The  future  of 
successful  agriculture  depends  upon  arti 
ficial  fertilizers,  and  it  has  been  Mr. 
Mapes'  mission  to  reduce  the  discoveries 
and  investigations  of  chemistry  to  actual 
practice.  He  has  published  various  ar 
ticles  and  pamphlets  on  this  subject,  and 


has  held  the  office  of  president  of  the 
New  York  fertilizer  and  chemical  ex 
change  since  its  organization. 

MAPES,  JAMES  JAY,  chemist,  in 
ventor,  author,  was  born  May  29,  1806,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1832  he  invented  a  new 
system  of  sugar  refining,  many  features  of 
which  are  still  in  general  use;  and  his 
process  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar  from 
West  India  molasses  was  used  in  nearly 
every  state  of  the  vmion.  He  died  Jan. 
10,  1866,  in  New  York  city. 

MAPLE,  JOSEPH  COWGILL,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1833,  in  Guernsey 
county,  Ohio.  He  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.  M.  and  D.  D. ;  and  has  filled 
pastorates  in  the  oaptist  church  at  Cape 
Girardeau,  Mo.;  Owensboro,  Ky. ;  Kansas 
City,  and  Springfield,  Mo.;  and  since  1886 
has  been  pastor  of  the  baptist  church  of 
Keokuk,  Iowa.  For  eight  years  he  was 
chairman  of  the  state  mission  board  of 
Missouri,  and  has  filled  other  important 
positions  in  the  gift  of  his  church.  He 
was  commissioned  by  the  governor  of 
Missouri  to  represent  the  state  at  the 
world's  exposition  of  Paris,  France;  and 
during  his  absence  he  extended  his  trip 
through  Holland,  Belgium,  Switzerland, 
Italy,  and  Great  Britain;  and  wrote 
Graphic  Descriptions  01  his  Travels, 
which  appeared  in  the  Central  Baptist  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

MARABLE,  JOHN  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Brunswick  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1825  to  1829. 

MARBLE,  ANNA  WARREN,  actress, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1815,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
She  first  appeared  at  the  Holiday  street 
theatre  in  Baltimore.  Mu.,  as  Rosalie  Burn 
ers  in  Town  and  Country.  Her  last  ap 
pearance  was  in  Chicago,  111.,  in  the  wm- 
ter  of  1868-69. 

MARBLE,  MRS.  CALLIE  L.  BONNEY, 
author,  was  born  in  Peoria,  111.  She  has 
published  two  prose  works.  Wit  and  Wis 
dom  of  Bulwer;  and  Wisdom  and  Elo 
quence  of  Webster.  She  has  written  two 
operettas,  and  dramatized  Bulwer's  Rien- 
zi.  She  is  the  wife  of  Earl  Marble,  the 
well-known  journalist  and  author. 

MARBLE,  DANFORD,  actor,  was  born 
in  1807,  in  East  Windsor,  Conn.  He  made 
his  first  appearance  on  the  stage  in  1831 
as  Rollin  Roughhead  in  Fortune's  Frolic, 
at  Chatham  garden,  New  York  city,  and 
then  visited  all  the  important  cities  in  the 
United  States,  being  successful  as  a  de 
lineator  of  American  character.  He  died 
May  13,  1849,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

MARBLE,  EARL,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  became  the  editor  and 
proprietor  of  The  Great  Divide  of  Den 
ver,  Colo.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous 
operettas  and  songs,  and  a  volume  of 
poems. 

MARBLE,  EDGAR  M.,  lawyer,  was  a 
resident  of  Michigan.  He  was  an  assist 
ant  attorney-general  of  the  United  States 
from  1877  to  1880;  and  was  commission 
er  of  patents  in  the  department  of  the  in 
terior  from  1880  to  1884. 

MARBLE,  MANTON,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  16,  1835,  in  Worcester, 
Mass.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city,  editor  and  proprietor  of  The  World 
in  1862-76;  and  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  The  New  York  World.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  Secret  Chapter  of  Political  His 
tory. 

MARBLE,  MIL'iON  H.,  poet,  was  born 
March  16,  1839,  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  merito 
rious  poems. 

MARCH,  ALDEN,  surgeon,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  20,  1795,  in  Sutton,  Mass.  He 
was  once  a  prominent  surgeon  of  Albany, 
and  the  author  of  Wounds  of  the  Abdo 


men;  and  Improved  Forceps  for  Harelip 
Operations.  He  died  June  17,  1869,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y. 

MARCH.  CHARLES  WAINRIGHT, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1815, 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  was  a  journal 
ist  and  essayist  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  Daniel  Webster  and  His 
Contemporaries;  and  Sketches  in  Madeira, 
Portugal,  and  Spain.  He  died  Jan.  24, 
1864,  in  Alexandria,  Egypt. 

MARCH,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  21,  1816,  in  Millbury,  Mass. 
He  is  a  congregational  clergyman,  and  the 
author  of  Walks  and  Homes  of  Jesus; 
Night  Scenes  in  the  Bible;  Our  Father's 
House;  From  Dark  to  Dawn;  Home  Life 
in  the  Bible;  The  First  Khedive,  or  Les 
sons  in  the  Life  of  Joseph;  and  Morning 
Light  in  Many  Lands. 

MARCH,  FRANCIS  ANDREW,  philolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1825,  in 
Millbury,  Mass.  He  is  a  philologist  of 
distinction,  professor  at  Lafayette  college 
from  1856,  and  the  successor  of  James 
Russell  Lowell  in  1891  as  president  of  the 
American  Language  association.  He  is 
the  author  of  Relation  of  the  Study  of 
Jurisprudence  to  the  Roman  Period; 
Hamilton's  Theory  of  Perception;  Method 
of  Philological  Study  of  the  English  Lan 
guage;  Comparative  Grammar  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Language;  and  Anglo-Saxon 
Reader. 

MARCH,  WALTER,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Aug.  5,  1814,  in  Millbury,  Mass. 
In  1852  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  com 
mon  pleas  district,  composed  of  the  coun 
ties  of  Delaware,  Grant,  and  Blackford, 
Ind.  This  position  he  held  till  1856,  when 
he  was  chosen  state  senator  from  the 
counties  above  named,  and  served  as  such 
by  re-election  until  1864.  In  1878  he  was 
elected  representative  in  the  legislature 
from  Delaware  county. 

MARCH  AND,  ALBERT  G.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1839  to 
1843.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1846,  in  Greensburg, 
Pa. 

MARCHAND,  DAVID,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Westmoreland  county,  Pa. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1817  to  1821. 

MARCHAND,  JOHN  BONNETT,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1808,  in  Greens- 
borough.  Pa.  He  entered  the  United 
States  navy  in  1828  as  midshipman,  and 
was  promoted  commodore  in  1866.  He 
died  April  13,  1875,  in  Carlisle,  Pa. 

MARCHANT,  DALTON  EDWARD,  art 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1806,  in  Edgartown, 
Mass.  He  settled  in  Philadelphia  in  1845, 
and  painted  many  portraits.  Among  them 
are  those  of  John  Quincy  Adams,  Henry 
Clay,  Andrew  Jackson,  Bishop  Meade, 
and  that  of  President  Lincoln,  now  in  the 
council-chamber  of  Independence  hall, 
Philadelphia.  He  died  Aug.  15,  1887,  in 
Asbury  Park,  N.  J. 

MARCHANT,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  April,  1741,  in 
Martha's  Vineyard,  Mass.  He  practiced 
law  in  Newport,  R.  I.;  was  attorney- 
general  of  that  state  from  1770  to  1777; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  assembly.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1777  to  1780,  and  in  1783  and 
1784.  From  1790  until  his  death,  he  was 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court. 
He  died  Aug.  30,  1796,  in  Newport. 

MARCY,  DANIEL,  legislator,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1809, 
in  New  Hampshire.  In  1853  and  1854  he 
was  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire 
legislature,  and  in  1856  and  1857  a  state 
senator.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  Hampshire  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress. 


C16 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MARCY,  ERASTUS  EDGERTON,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1815,  in 
Greenwich,  Mass.  He  is  a  physician  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Medicine;  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Homoeopathy;  Christianity 
and  its  Conflicts;  and  Life  Duties. 

MARCY,  HENRY  ORLANDO,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  June  23,  1837,  in 
Otis,  Mass.  He  is  a  physician  of  Cam 
bridge,  and  the  author  of  Anatomy  and 
Surgical  Treatment  of  Hernia;  and  pro 
fessional  translations  from  the  Italian  of 
Ercolani. 

MARCY,  HENRY  S.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Jan.  28,  1837,  in  Hartland,  Vt. 
In  1889  he  became  president  of  the  Fitch- 
burg  railroad  at  Boston,  Mass. 

MARCY,  OLIVER,  educator,  was  born 
Feb.  13,  1820,  in  Coleraine,  Mass.  He  is 
a  successful  educator;  and  during  the  lat 
ter  part  of  his  life  he  has  been  prominent 
ly  identified  with  the  Northwestern  uni 
versity  of  Watertown,  Wis. 

MARCY,  RANDOLPH  BARNES,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  April  9,  1812,  in 
Greenwich,  Mass.  He  was  a  brigadier- 
general  in  the  United  States  army;  and 
the  author  of  Exploration  of  the  Red 
River  in  1852;  Thirty  Years  of  Army 
Life  on  the  Border;  The  Prairie  Traveler; 
and  Border  Reminiscences.  He  died  Nov. 
22,  1887,  in  Orange,  N.  J. 

MARCY,  WILLIAM  LEARNED,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  governor, 
was  born  in  1786  in  Sturbridge,  Mass.  In 
1816  he  was  appointed  recorder  of  Troy, 
N.  Y. ;  made  comptroller  in  ±o23,  and  re 
moved  to  Albany.  In  1829  he  was  appoint 
ed  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state;  and  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1831.  He  was  elected 
governor  of  New  York  in  1832,  and  re- 
elected  in  1834  and  1836.  He  was  secre 
tary  of  war  under  President  Polk  from 
1845  to  1849;  and  secretary  of  state  under 
President  Pierce  from  1853  to  1857.  He 
died  July  4,  1857,  in  Balston  Spa,  N.  Y. 

MARDEN,  ORISON  SWETT,  author, 
was  born  in  1848  in  New  Hampshire.  He 
is  a  Boston  writer  whose  collections  of 
brief  biographies  comprise  Pushing  to  the 
Front;  and  Architects  of  Fate. 

MARDIS,  SAMUEL  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1801  in  Alabama.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Alabama 
from  1831  to  1835.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1837, 
in  Talladega,  Ala. 

MARIAGER,  NAOMI  DAGMAR,  educa 
tor,  poet,  was  born  April  26,  1850,  in 
Denmark.  In  1860  she  emigrated  to  Am 
erica;  has  led  an  eventful  life,  and  has 
traveled  extensively  in  the  United  States 
and  Europe.  She  has  written  extensively 
both  prose  and  verse  for  the  Detroit  Free 
Press,  the  Overland  Monthly,  and  other 
prominent  publications;  and  her  poems 
have  been  published  in  several  national 
collections. 

MARION,  FRANCIS,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1732  near  Georgetown,  S.  C.  By  his 
successful  maneuvers  in  baffling  the  Eng 
lish  in  North  Caro- 
'  lina,  and  still  evad 
ing  capture,  he  won 
the  name  of  the 
Swamp  Fox.  He  re 
ceived  the  thanks  of 
congress  for  his 
wise,  decided  and 
gallant  conduct  in 
defending  the  liber 
ties  of  his  country. 
He  served  a  number 
of  times  in  the  South 
Carolina  state  sen 
ate,  and  received  from  that  body  a  gold 
medal  for  his  patriotism.  He  died  Feb. 
29,  1795,  near  Eutaw,  Md. 


MARION,  ROBERT,  congressman,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1805  to  1810. 

MARK,  EDWARD  LAURENS,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  May  30,  1847,  in 
Hamlet,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  edu 
cator  and  writer  on  anatomy  and  embry 
ology  of  animals,  and  since  1885  has  filled 
the  chair  of  anatomy  in  the  Harvard  uni 
versity.  He  is  the  author  of  Maturation, 
Fecundation,  and  Segmentation  of  Limax, 
a  pioneer  work  in  cythology. 

MARKELL,  CHARLES  FREDERICK, 
lawyer,  diplomat,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Oct.  16,  1855,  in  Frederick,  Md.  He  re 
ceived  an  academic 
and  collegiate  educa- 
t  i  o  n  ,  graduating 
from  Columbian  uni- 
versity  of  Washing- 
ton,  D.  C.,  and  stud 
ied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  be 
fore  attaining  his 
majority.  He  twice 
represented  his  city 
in  the  Maryland  leg 
islature;  for  three 
years  edited  a  -daily 
republican  newspaper,  and  was  in  1892  ap 
pointed  by  President  Harrison  secretary 
of  legation  to  Brazil.  While  serving  at 
this  post  as.  charge  d'affaires,  he  suc 
ceeded  in  inducing  the  Brazilian  govern 
ment  to  remove  the  onerous  expediente 
duty  upon  wheat  flour  from  the  United 
States.  He  has  written  Chamodine,  and 
Other  Poems;  Ypiranga,  a  love  tale  of 
the  Brazils;  and  the  Chaskell  Papers,  a 
series  of  biographical  and  historical 
sketches  of  his  native  county. 

MARKELL,  HENRY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Montgomery  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1825  to  1829. 

MARKELL,  JACOB,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1813  to  1815. 

MARKEY,  DANIEL  PETER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  June  27,  1857, 
in  Ingham  county,  Mich.  He  is  a  noted 
lawyer  of  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  was  judge 
of  the  probate  court,  has  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  of  the  Michigan  state  legis 
lature,  and  in  1887  was  speaker  of  the 
house. 

MARKHAM,  CHARLES  EDWIN,  edu 
cator,  poet,  was  born  April  23,  1852,  in 
Oregon  City,  Ore.  He  is  principal  in  the 
Tompkin's  Grammar  school  in  Oakland, 
Cal.,  where  he  is  also  superintendent  of 
schools.  He  is  the  author  of  two  volumes 
of  poems:  In  Earth's  Shadow;  and  Songs 
of  a  Dream  Builder. 

MARKHAM,  ERNEST  ARTHUR,  phy 
sician,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1853, 
in  Windsor,  Vt.  He  graduated  from  the 
Eclectic  Medical  college  of  New  York 
city,  in  which  institution  he  was  profes 
sor  of  chemistry  in  1885-87.  He  received 
the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M.  from  the 
Wesleyan  university,  from  which  insti 
tution  he  was  a  graduate.  In  1895-96  he 
served  as  a  representative  in  the  Connec 
ticut  general  assembly.  He  is  a  successful 
physician  of  Durham,  Conn.,  where  he  has 
filled  numerous  public  positions  ofhonor. 
He  is  a  genealogist  of  note  and  the  author 
of  a  work  on  the  Markham  Family. 

MARKHAM,  GEORGE  E.,  musician, 
poet,  was  born  in  1849,  in  Broome  county, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  teacher  of  music  of  Weep 
ing  Water,  Neb.,  and  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  poems,  some  of  which  have 
been  set  to  music. 


MARKHAM,  HENRY  HARRISON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Nov.  16,  1840,  in  Wilmington,  N.  Y.  He 
was  educated  at  the 
public  and  private 
schools  of  his  native 
town,  and  at  Wheel 
er's  academy  of  Ver 
mont.  In  1861  he 
moved  to  Wisconsin, 
and  entered  the 
army  from  that 
state.  He  was  with 
General  Sherman  on 
his  famous  march  to 
the  sea,  and  was  se 
verely  wounded  in 
February,  1865.  He  then  practiced  law  in 
Milwaukee  until  1878,  when  he  moved  to 
Pasadena,  Cal.,  where  for  a  number  of 
years  he  was  engaged  in  gold  and  silver 
mining.  He  was  elected  as  a  represent 
ative  from  California  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress,  securing  the  passage  of  many 
important  measures  for  the  benefit  of  Los 
Angeles  county.  He  became  one  of  the 
managers  of  the  National  Soldiers'  home 
of  the  United  States,  and  during  1890-95 
he  filled  the  high  office  of  governor  of 
the  state  of  California. 

MARKHAM,  JARED  CLARK,  architect, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1816,  in  Tyring- 
ham,  Mass.  He  is  an  architect  who  de 
signed  the  Saratoga  monument.  He  is  the 
author  of  Appeal  in  Behalf  of  National 
Monuments;  Monumental  Art;  and  His 
toric  Sculpture. 

MARKHAM,  OLIVER,  gunsmith,  in 
ventor,  was  born  July  17,  1825,  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  He  was  a  practical  gun 
smith  and  the  inventor  of  several  parts 
of  the  gun,  and  a  contractor  for  Sharp's 
armory  during  its  entire  existence.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Hartford  city  coun 
cil  in  1862,  and  a  director  of  the  Central 
National  bank  of  Middletown. 

MARKHAM,  THOMAS  BAILEY,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  in 
1832,  in  Woodford  county,  Ky.  During 
1856-93  he  was  a  clergyman  of  the  presby- 
terian  church  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  Mississippi  col 
lege,  and  preached  the  funeral  oration  at 
the  grave  of  Jefferson  Davis. 

MARKHAM,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  about  1635  in  England.  He  became 
colonial  governor  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
died  June  12,  1704,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MARKHAM,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  Oct.  9,  1811,  in  Goshen,  Conn.  For 
many  years  he  was  mayor  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 
He  there  built  the  Markham  house,  and 
was  called  the  Father  of  Modern  Atlanta. 
He  died  Nov.  9,  1890,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

MARKLEY,  PHILIP  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1823  to  1827,  and  was 
in  the  latter  year  appointed  naval  officer 
for  the  port  of  Philadelphia. 

MARKOE,  ABRAM,  capitalist,  was  born 
in  1729  in  West  Indies.  In  the  summer  of 
1775  he  presented  the  city  troop  of  Phila 
delphia  with  a  flag  which  has  historic  in 
terest  as  being  the  first  that  bore  the 
thirteen  stripes  symbolizing  the  thirteen 
colonies  that  were  then  asserting  their 
rights.  He  died  Aug.  28,  1806,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

MARKOE,  PETER,  poet,  was  born 
about  1753  in  the  West  Indies.  He  wrote 
under  the  pen-name  of  A  Native  of  Al 
giers;  and  published  a  tragedy  entitled 
The  Patriot  Chief;  Miscellaneous  Poems; 
a  poem  called  The  Times;  and  Reconcili 
ation,  a  comic  opera.  He  died  about  1792 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


617 


MARKOE,  THOMAS  MASTERS,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1819,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  surgeon  of  New 
York  city,  professor  in  Columbia  college 
from  1860,  and  author  of  a  Treatise  on 
Diseases  of  the  Bones. 

MARKS,  ALBERT  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
governor,  was  born  in  October,  1836,  in 
Daviess  county,  Ky.  He  was  governor  of 
Tennessee  from  1879  to  1881. 

MARKS,  ELIAS,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  2,  1790,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  became  president  of  Columbia  Female 
college,  and  subsequently  founded  Bar- 
hamville  Collegiate  institute,  near  Colum 
bia,  and  conducted  it  till  a  short  time  be 
fore  the  civil  war.  He  died  in  June,  1886, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MARKS,  WILLIAM,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1778,  in  Chester 
county.  Pa.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1825  to 
1831.  He  died  April  10,  1858,  in  Beaver, 
Pa. 

MARLOWE,  JULIA,  actress,  was  born 
in  1865  in  England.  She  has  attained 
prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost  ac 
tresses  in  the  United  States. 

MARMADUKE,  JOHN  SAPPINGTON, 
soldier,  journalist,  governor,  was  born  in 
March,  1833,  in  Saline  county,  Mo.  In 
1861  he  entered  the  confederate  army  as 
a  colonel;  in  1862  was  promoted  to  briga 
dier-general,  and  in  1864  to  major-general. 
In  the  year  1884  he  was  elected  governor 
of  Missouri.  He  died  Dec.  28,  1887,  in  Jef 
ferson  City,  Mo. 

MARMADUKE,  MEREDITH  MILES, 
governor,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1791,  in 
Westmoreland,  Va.  In  1840  he  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  of  Missouri,  and  in 
1844  became  acting  governor  by  the  death 
of  Thomas  Reynolds.  He  died  March  26, 
1864,  in  Arrow  Rock,  Mo. 

MAROTZ,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1855, 
in  Rock  Island,  111.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  Iowa  State  university;  holds 
a  medical  degree  from  the  Long  Island 
College  hospital  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and 
took  a  post-graduate  course  at  the  Belle- 
vue  Hospital  Medical  college  of  New  York 
city.  Since  1883  he  has  practiced  his  pro 
fession  at  Sergeant  Bluffs,  Iowa,  where 
he  is  a  prominent  pharmacist. 

MARQUAND,  ALLAN,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1853,  in  New 
York  city.  He  became  a  fellow  of  Johns 
Hopkins  university,  and  on  taking  the  de 
gree  of  Ph.  D.  in  1880  returned  as  tutor 
to  Princeton,  and  in  1883  was  made  pro 
fessor  of  the  history  of  art.  He  is  one  of 
the  editors  of  the  American  Journal  of 
Archaeology,  has  written  on  archaeology 
and  logic  for  various  journals,  and  edited 
Volume  three  of  the  Iconoclastic  Cyclo 
pedia  of  Arts. 

MARQUAND,  HENRY  GURDON,  bank 
er,  railroad  president,  was  born  April  11, 
1819.  in  New  York  city.  For  ten  years 
he  was  a  banker  in  New  York  city,  and 
in  1868  became  one  of  the  purchasers  of 
the  Iron  Mountain  railroad,  of  which  he 
was  vice-president,  and  afterward  presi 
dent  until  its  incorporation  in  the  Mis 
souri  Pacific  system.  He  is  a  director  in 
the  latter  company,  and  in  many  other 
corporations. 

MARQUETTE,  DAVID,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  July  19,  1842,  in 
Clark  county,  Ohio.  He  now  fills  a  pastor 
ate  in  Oakdale.  He  has  been  presiding 
elder  of  several  districts,  and  for  many 
years  was  president  of  the  Nebraska  Cen 
tral  college. 

MARQUETTE,  T.  M.,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Nebras 
ka  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress,  but  did 
not  take  his  seat  until  the  last  day  of  the 
last  session  of  that  congress. 


MARQUISS,  SEYMOUR,  farmer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  June  7,  1837,  in  DeLand, 
111.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  of  DeLand, 
111.,  and  served  with  distinction  in  the 
fortieth  general  assembly  of  the  Illinois 
state  legislature. 

MARR,  ALEM,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1829  to  1831. 

MARR,  FRANCES  HARRISON,  poet, 
was  born  July  2,  1835,  in  Warrenton,  Va. 
She  is  the  author  of  three  volumes  of 
poems  entitled  Heart-Life  in  Song;  Vir 
ginia  and  Other  Poems;  and  Songs  of 
Faith. 

MARR,  GEORGE  W.  L.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1817  to  1819. 

MARR,  JOHN  QUINCY,  soldier,  was 
born  May  27,  1825,  in  Warrenton,  Va. 
In  1861  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  state  convention,  and  opposed 
secession  as  long  as  it  could  be  honorably 
avoided.  He  was  ordered  to  the  front  in 
1861,  and  was  in  the  first  encounter  be 
tween  the  United  States  and  the  confed 
erate  troops. 

MARR,  ROBERT  ATHELSTAN,  naval 
officer,  was  born  April  18,  1823,  in  War 
renton,  Va.  In  1840  he  was  appointed 
midshipman  in  the  United  States  navy, 
and  served  under  Commodore  Perry  on 
the  coast  of  Africa.  He  took  part  in  the 
Mexican  war,  and  fired  the  first  shot  in 
the  naval  attack  on  Vera  Cruz.  In  1854 
he  was  appointed  master.  He  was  lost  in 
the  Caribbean  sea  with  the  entire  crew  of 
the  United  States  sloop  of  war  Albany,  in 
October,  1854. 

MARROW,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1805  to  1809. 

MARSELUS,  NICHOLAS  JOHN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  12,  1792. 
in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  published  a 
sketch  of  Greenwich  church  and  its  pas 
torate  under  the  title  of  Gospel  Ministry 
and  Its  Results.  He  died  April  5,  1876, 
in  New  York  city. 

MARSH,  BENJAMIN  F.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1837, 
in  Hancock  county,  111.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  as  a  republican  to  the  forty-fifth 
congress  from  the  then  tenth  district  of 
Illinois,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses.  In 
1889  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Ogles- 
by  railroad  and  warehouse  commissioner, 
and  held  the  same  four  years.  In  1892 
he  was  elected  as  a  republican  to  the 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

MARSH,  BONNER  GOELETTE,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
21,  1859,  in  Bath,  N.  C.  He  is  the  presi 
dent  of  the  American  college  of  Monterey, 
Mexico. 

MARSH,  MRS.  CAROLINE  (CRANE), 
author,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1816,  in  Berkley, 
Mass.  She  is  the  author  of  The  Hallig, 
or  the  Sheepfold  in  the  Waters,  from  the 
German  of  Biernatzki;  Wolfe  of  the 
Knoll,  and  Other  Poems;  and  Life  of 
George  P.  Marsh. 

MARSH,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  10,  1765,  in  Lebanon, 
Conn.  For  fifty  years  he  practiced  law  in 
Woodstock,  Vt.  He  served  as  a  member 
of  congress  from  1815  to  1817,  and  while 
in  Washington  became  identified  with  the 
American  Colonization  society  as  one  of 
its  founders.  He  died  Jan.  11,  1840,  in 
Woodstock,  Vt. 

MARSH,  CHARLES  DWIGHT,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1855,  in 
Hadley,  Mass.  He  is  professor  of  chem 
istry  and  biology  in  Ripon  college.  Wis 
consin,  and  is  the  author  of  many  valuable 
papers  on  entomostraca  and  lake  faunas. 


MARSH,  DEXTER,  paleontologist,  was 
born  Aug.  22,  1806,  in  Montague,  Mass. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  his  cabinet  prob 
ably  contained  the  choicest  collection  of 
fossil  footprints  and  fishes  then  in  ex 
istence.  He  died  April  2,  1853,  in  Green 
field,  Mass. 

MARSH,  ELIAS  J..  publisher,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1846,  in  Hancock 
county,  Ind.  In  1871  he  came  to  Portland, 
Ind.,  and  purchased  the  Jay  and  Adams 
Republican,  since  which  time  he  has  had 
control  of  that  paper  as  editor  and  pro- 
Drietor. 

MARSH,  GEORGE  PERKINS,  lawyer, 
philologist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  March  15,  1801,  in  Woodstock, 
Vt.  He  was  a  philologist  of  distinction 
and  was  a  member  of  congress  in  1842-61, 
when  he  was  appointed  minister  to  Italy 
in  1861-82.  He  was  the  author  of  Lectures 
on  the  English  Language;  Man  and  Na 
ture,  rewritten  and  enlarged  with  the  title, 
The  Earth  as  Modified  by  Human  Action; 
Icelandic  Grammar;  Origin  and  History  of 
the  English  Language;  and  Mediaeval  and 
Modern  Saints  and  Miracles.  He  died 
July  24,  1882,  in  Rome,  Italy,  while  serving 
as  United  States  minister  to  Italy. 

MARSH,  JAMES,  college  president,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  18,  1794,  in  Hartford, 
Vt.  In  1826  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  university  of  Vermont,  serving  until 
1833.  He  is  the  author  of  Geography  of 
the  Bible;  Spirit  of  Hebrew  Poetry;  and 
has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to 
journals  and  newspapers.  He  died  July 
3,  1842,  in  Colchester,  Vt. 

MARSH,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  April  2,  1788,  in  Wethersfield,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  long 
prominent  as  a  temperance  lecturer;  and 
the  author  of  Epitome  of  Ecclesiastical 
History;  Half  Century  Tribute  to  Tem 
perance;  and  Temperance  Recollections. 
He  died  Aug.  4,  1864,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

MARSH,  LUTHER  RAWSON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  April  4,  1813,  in  Pom- 
pey,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
New  York  city;  and  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  the  anti-slavery  speeches  of  his 
father-in-law,  Alvan  Stewart. 

MARSH,  OTHNIEL  CHARLES,  palae 
ontologist,  educator,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
29,  1831,  in  Lockport,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  palae 
ontologist,  professor  at  Yale  university 
since  1866;  and  the  author  of  Odontor- 
nithes;  Dinocerata;  and  Sauropoda. 

MARSH,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  July  3,  1796,  in  Danville,  Vt.  He 
originated  in  1827  the  system  of  colportage 
that  has  since  been  employed  with  ex 
cellent  results  by  the  American  Tract 
society,  the  American  Sunday  School 
union,  and  other  religious  societies.  He 
died  April  1,  1874,  in  Underbill,  Vt. 

MARSH,  SYLVESTER,  engineer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1803,  in  Camp- 
ton,  N.  H.  He  originated  the  meat  pack 
ing  industry;  invented  various  appliances; 
originated  and  built  Mt.  Washington  rail 
way;  and  invented  the  locomotive,  cog- 
rail,  and  brakes  used  thereon.  He  died 
Dec.  30,  1884,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

MARSH,  TAMERLANE  PLINY,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  July  30, 
1845,  in  Orland,  Ind.  For  twenty  years 
he  filled  pastorates  in  the  Rock  River 
conference  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church;  and  was  stationed  at  Oak  Park, 
Chicago,  Rockford,  and  Evanston.  He  Is 
now  president  of  the  Mount  Union  col 
lege  of  Alliance,  Ohio. 

MARSHALL,  ALEXANDER  K.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1855  to  1857. 


618 


HKRR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MARSHALL,  ALEXANDER  KEITH, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1770,  in  Fau- 
quier  county,  Va.  During  1817-21  he  pub 
lished  the  Reports  of  the  Court  of  Appeals 
of  Kentucky,  in  three  volumes.  He  died 
in  1825,  in  Mason  county,  Ky. 

MARSHALL,  ALFRED,  congressman. 
He  served  four  years  in  the  Maine  legis 
lature  in  1827,  1828,  1834,  and  1835;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine  from  1841  to  1843.  From  1846  to 
1849  he  was  collector  at  Belfast,  Maine; 
and  was  also,  for  some  years,  a  general  of 
the  state  militia. 

MARSHALL,  CHESTER  C.,  agricultur 
ist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  23, 
1862,  in  Hancock  county,  Ohio.  In  1881 
he  moved  to  Nebraska,  where  he  estab 
lished  with  his  brother,  the  Arlington 
Nursery  and  Fruit  farm.  In  1896  he  was 
elected  to  the  Nebraska  state  legislature; 
and  took  an  active  part  on  various  com 
mittees. 

MARSHALL,  CHRISTOPHER,  patriot, 
was  born  Nov.  6,  1709,  in  Ireland.  His 
Remembrancer  is  one  of  the  most  valuable 
diaries  that  was  kept  during  the  revolu 
tion.  The  manuscript  was  presented  to 
the  Pennsylvania  Historical  society  by  his 
great-great-grandson,  Charles  Marshall, 
of  Germantown.  in  1839.  He  died  May  4. 
1797,  in  Philadelphia. 

MARSHALL,  EDWARD  CHAUNCEY, 
educator,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
July  8,  1824,  in  Little  Falls,  N.  Y.  He  is 
the  author  of  Book  of  Oratory;  History 
of  the  United  States  Naval  Academy;  and 
Ancestry  of  General  Grant. 

MARSHALL.  EDWARD  COLSTON,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1820  in  Woodford,  Ky.  In 
1849  he  went  to  California,  where  he  sat 
In  the  legislature,  and  was  elected  to 
congress  as  a  democrat',  serving  from  1851 
till  1853.  In  1878  he  was  elected  attorney- 
general  of  that  state. 

MARSHALL,  GEORGE  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1851,  in 
Shelby  county,  Ohio.  He  served  eight 
years  as  prosecuting  attorney  of  Shelby 
county,  Ohio,  being  elected  in  1878,  1880, 
and  again  In  1883.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MARSHALL,  GEORGE  ALPHEUS,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1836,  in 
Northumberland,  N.  H.  After  receiving 
a  liberal  education 
in  the  common  and 
grammar  schools,  he 
attended  the  univer 
sity  of  Vermont,  and 
received  the  degrees 
of  A.  B.  and  A.  M. 
He  has  been  county 
superintendent  o  f 
schools:  district  at 
torney;  is  promi 
nent  in  several  fra 
ternal  orders;  and 
has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county 
and  state.  He  has  written  numerous  mag 
azine  articles  for  the  periodical  press; 
and  since  1867  has  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Darlington,  Wis.  He  has  made  a 
complete  abstract  of  titles  of  his  county, 
and  is  the  proprietor  of  the  La  Fayette 
County  Abstract  company. 

MARSHALL,  HUMPHREY,  botanist, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1722,  in  Mar- 
shallton.  He  was  a  famous  botanist  of 
Marshallton,  Pa.  Arboretum  American- 
urn,  a  very  valuable  work  of  his,  was 
translated  into  a  number  01  foreign  lan 
guages.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1801,  in  Mar 
shallton,  Pa. 


MARSHALL,  HUMrHREY,  state  legis 
lator,  United  States  senator,  author,  was 
born  in  1756  in  Westmoreland  county,  Va. 
He  was  among  the  earliest  pioneers  to 
Kentucky,  having  gone  there  in  1780.  He 
served  for  many  years  in  the  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  1795  to  1801.  He  was  the  author  of 
the  first  published  History  of  Kentucky. 
He  died  July  1,  1841,  near  Frankfort,  Ky. 

MARSHALL,  HUMPHREY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  12, 
1812,  in  Frankfort,  Ky.  He  was  elected 
to  congress  from  Kentucky  in  1849  as  a 
representative,  and  re-elected  an  1851. 
He  was  appointed  by  President  Fillmore 
commissioner  to  China,  which  was  imme 
diately  raised  to  a  first-class  mission;  and 
on  his  return  was  elected  a  representative 
to  the  thirty-fourth  congress;  and  in  1857 
was  re-elected  to  congress.  He  died 
March  28,  1872,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

MARSHALL,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the 
District  of  Columbia,  after  the  removal 
of  the  seat  of  government;  and  in  1801 
was  appointed  circuit  judge  of  the  United 
States  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

MARSHALL.  JAMES,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  about 
1834  in  Grove,  N.  Y.  He  commenced  life 
as  a  schoolteacher,  and  subsequently  be 
came  an  eminent  clergyman.  He  found 
ed  the  Westminster  Presbyterian  church 
of  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  and  built  several  other 
churches.  In  1887  he  accepted  the  presi 
dency  of  Coe  college  of  Cedar  Rapids, 
Iowa.  He  is  best  known  as  an  organizer, 
pastor  and  educator;  has  published  nu 
merous  war  sermons,  and  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  church  literature.  He  died 
in  September.  1896. 

MARSHALL,  JAMES  W.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  31,  1844,  in  Augusta  county,  Va. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Virginia  senate  in 
1875,  and  served  four  years;  and  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  general  assembly 
of  Virginia  in  1882-83.  He  was  elected 
commonwealth  attorney  for  Craig  county 
in  1884,  and  served  till  1888,  inclusive. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Virginia  senate  in 
1891  for  term  of  four  years;  served  in 
same  session  of  1891-92,  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MARSHALL.     JOHN,     soldier,     lawyer, 
jurist,  statesman,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
24,  1755,  in  Germantown,  Va.     He  was  a 
.  member  of  the   Vir 

ginia  convention  to 
ratify  the  constitu 
tion  of  the  United 
States.  He  also  en 
tered  the  legislature 
of  Virginia,  where 
he  was  a  leader.  He 
was  a  representative 
in  congress  in  1799. 
In  1801  he  was  con 
firmed  as  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United 
States.  He  wrote  a  Life  of  George  Wash 
ington,  and  a  History  of  the  American 
Colonies.  He  died  July  6.  1835,  in  Phila 
delphia. 

MARSHALL,  JOHN,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  was  born  in  1823  in  Virginia.  In  1853 
he  became  the  owner  and  editor  of  the 
State  Gazette  of  Austin,  Texas.  He  called 
and  was  the  cause  of  the  convening  of  the 
first  democratic  state  convention  in  Texas, 
and  was  given  the  title  of  the  Warwick  of 
Texas.  He  entered  the  confederate  army 
as  major  of  the  fourth  Texas  infantry,  and 
was  promoted  to  colonel;  and  was  killed 
at  Gaines  Mills  in  1862. 


MARSHALL,  JOHN  JAY,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  4,  1785,  in  Woodford  county,  Ky. 
He  served  in  the  Kentucky  legislature 
for  many  years.  From  1829  till  1833  he 
was  reporter  of  the  court  of  appeals,  and 
from  1836  till  his  death  he  was  judge  of 
the  circuit  court  of  Louisville.  He  pub 
lished  Reports  of  Cases  at  Law  and  Equity 
in  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Kentucky.  He 
died  in  June,  1846,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

MARSHALL,  JOSEPH  GLASS,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1800,  in 
Fayette  county,  Ind.  In  1830  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  probate  court  of  Jef 
ferson  county.  Ind.  Subsequently  he 
served  several  terms  in  both  branches  of 
the  state  legislature. 

MARSHALL,  NELLY  NICHOL,  author, 
was  born  May  8,  1845,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 
She  is  a  successful  writer  of  Louisville, 
Ky. 

MAHbHALL.  ORSAMUS  HOLMES,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1813,  in  Frank 
lin,  Conn.  He  was  the  author  of  numer 
ous  historical  works.  He  nied  July  9,  1884, 
in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

MARSHALL,  ROUJET  D.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1847,  in  Nashua,  N. 
H.  During  1876-83  he  was  county  judge 
in  Wisconsin;  in  1888  was  elected  circuit 
judge,  and  re-elected  in  1894.  In  1895  he 
was  appointed  to  the  supreme  bench,  and 
received  the  re-election  to  that  office  in 
1896  for  the  term  expiring  in  1908. 

MARSHALL,  SAMUEL  S.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1824  in  Gallatin  county,  111. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  state  legis 
lature  in  1847;  was  elected  state's  attor 
ney,  serving  two  years;  and  in  1851  was 
elected  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court,  in 
which  position  he  remained  until  1854.  He 
was  elected  to  the  thirty-fourth  and 
thirty-fifth  congresses  from  Illinois.  He 
was  elected  to  the  thirty-ninth,  fortieth, 
forty-first,  forty-second  and  forty-third 
congresses  as  a  democrat.  In  1867  he  re 
ceived  the  unanimous  vote  of  his  party 
in  the  Illinois  legislature  for  United  States 
senator. 

MARSHALL,  T.  MARCELLUS,  clergy 
man,  missionary,  educator,  was  born  May 
17,  1851,  in  Stout's  Mills,  W.  Va.  During 
1893-94  he  was  teacher  in  the  great  Indian 
school  of  Carlisle,  Pa.;  and  since  1894  has 
been  a  presbyterian  missionary  in  West 
Virginia  and  Kentucky. 

MARSHALL,  THOMAS,  soldier,  was. 
born  Oct.  27,  1761,  in  Fauquier  county,  Va. 
He  served  in  the  revolution,  and  attained 
the  rank  of  captain.  He  settled  in  Ken 
tucky  in  1790,  and  was  an  active  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  that  framed  the 
second  constitution  of  the  state  in  1799. 
He  died  March  19,  1817,  in  Mason  county. 
Ky. 

MARSHALL,  THOMAS,  soldier,  was. 
born  April  13,  1793,  in  Mason  county,  Ky. 
He  was  in  the  Kentucky  legislature  sev 
eral  times  between  1817  and  1844,  serving 
one  term  as  speaker  of  that  body,  rie 
was  commissioned  a  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  the  Mexican  war.  and  com 
manded  a  Kentucky  brigade.  He  died 
March  28,  1853,  in  Lewis  county,  Ky. 

MARSHALL.  THOMAS  ALEXANDER, 
educator,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1794,  in 
Woodford  county,  Ky.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky  from 
1831  to  1835;  and  was  a  judge  and  chief 
justice  of  the  court  of  appeals  of  Ken 
tucky  for  about  twenty  years.  He  was 
a  professor  of  law  in  the  Transylvania 
college;  and  also  served  in  the  legislature 
of  Kentucky.  He  died  April  17.  1861,  in 
Louisville,  Ky. 


HKRRINUSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


619 


MARSHALL,  THOMAS  ALEXANDER, 
lawyer,  jurist,  journalist,  was  born  March 
29,  1812,  in  Augusta,  Ky.  He  was  judge 
of  the  Vicksburg  circuit  court;  and  a  pub 
lisher  and  editor  of  Swedes  and  Marshall's 
Reports  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Missis 
sippi. 

MARSHALL,  THOMAS  FRANCIS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June 
7,  1801,  in  Frankfort,  Ky.  He  was  for 
several  years  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of 
Louisville,  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Kentucky  from  1841  to 
1843.  He  died  Sept.  22,  1864,  in  Versailles, 
Ky. 

MARSHALL,  WILLIAM,  surgeon,  was 
born  May  23,  1827,  in  Milton,  Del.  He 
served  in  the  national  army  as  surgeon  of 
the  third  Delaware  regiment,  and  after  the 
battle  of  Antietam  was  discharged  for  dis 
ability,  but  he  subsequently  led  a  com 
pany  in  the  sixth  Delaware  regiment,  and 
also  acted  as  surgeon  until  the  close  of 
the  war. 

MARSHALL,  WILLIAM  CHAMPE,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  orator,  was  born 
Aug.  9,  1807,  in  Augusta.  Ky.  He  served 
in  the  Kentucky  legislature  for  many 
years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention  of  1850,  and 
was  commonwealth  attorney  for  Bracken 
county.  He  died  May  2,  1873,  in  Augusta, 
Ky. 

MARSHALL,  WILLIAM  EDGAR,  artist, 
was  born  June  30,  1837,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  best  known  by  his  portrait  engrav 
ings,  of  which  the  admirable  heads  of 
Washington,  Lincoln  and  Grant  were 
especially  successful.  He  made  six  por 
traits  of  Gen.  Grant,  the  last  one  just 
before  the  general's  death. 

MARSHALL.  WILLIAM  RAINEY,  sur 
veyor,  merchant,  financier,  state  legislat 
or,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1825,  in 
Boone  county,  Mo.  In  1848  he  served  in 
the  legislature  of  Wisconsin,  and  in  1849 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  first  terri 
torial  legislature  of  Minnesota.  During 
1866-68  he  was  governor  of  Minnesota. 

MARSHALL,  WILLIS,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1864,  iu 
Manhattan,  Kan.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Washburn  college  of  Topeka. 
Kan.,  and  at  once  entered  educational 
work.  He  has  been  principal  of  the 
Spencer  academy,  Indian  Territory;  su 
perintendent  of  the  Hunderford  academy 
of  Springville,  Utah;  and  is  now  presi 
dent  of  the  Buena  Vista  college  of  Storm 
Lake,  Iowa. 

MARSTON,  GEORGE  W.,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  May  23,  1840,  in  Sand 
wich,  Mass.  He  is  a  teacher  of  piano  and 
harmony;  and  has  published  an  album  of 
German  songs.  Anthems.  Te  Deum  and 
piano  pieces. 

MARSTON,  OILMAN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  20, 
1811,  in  Oxford,  N.  H.  In  1845  he  was 
elected  to  the  New  Hampshire  legislature, 
and  served  four  years.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1859  to  1863.  In  1863  he  was 
commissioned  a  brigadier-general.  Early 
in  1865  he  was  elected  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress.  In  1870  he  was  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  Idaho.  He  died  July  3,  1890,  in 
Exeter,  N.  H. 

MARTIEN,  WILLIAM  STOCKTON,  pub 
lisher,  was  born  June  20,  1798.  In  1830,  in 
connection  with  others,  he  began  the  pub 
lication  of  the  Presbyterian  in  Phila 
delphia,  and  remained  its  publisher  and 
principal  owner  until  his  death.  He  died 
April  16,  1861,  in  Philadelphia. 

MARTIN,  ADAM,  educator,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
9,  1835,  in  Bavaria.  In  1865  he  was  called 


to  the  presidency  of  Northwestern  univer 
sity,  Wisconsin.  In  1869  he  accepted  the 
professorship  of  the  German  language  and 
literature  in  Pennsylvania  college  of 
Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  has  translated  the 
large  catechism  of  Luther  for  the  Book 
of  Concord. 

MARTIN,  ALEXANDER,  soldier,  law 
yer,  governor,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  about  1740  in  Guilford  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  in  the  North  Carolina  state  sen 
ate,  and  was  elected  speaker.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  North  Carolina  in 
1782,  and  again  in  1789;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States.  From 
1793  to  1799  he  was  United  States  senator. 
He  died  in  November,  1807,  in  Danbury, 
N.  C. 

MARTIN,  ALEXANDER,  college  presi 
dent,  clergyman,  educator,  was  born  Jan. 
24,  1822,  in  Scotland.  In  1875  he  became 
president  of  the  Indiana  Asbury  univer 
sity  in  Greencastle,  Ind.;  and  was  pro 
fessor  of  Greek  at  the  Allegheny  college. 
He  died  Dec.  16,  1893,  in  Greencastle,  Ind. 

MARTIN.  AUGUSTE  MARIE,  bishop, 
was  born  about  1820  in  France.  He  was 
consecrated  in  1853  bishop  of  the  newly 
created  diocese  of  Natchitoches,  which 
comprised  the  part  of  Louisiana  that  lies 
north  of  the  thirty-first  parallel  of  lati 
tude.  He  died  Sept.  29,  1875,  in  Natchi 
toches,  La. 

MARTIN,  AUGUSTUS  N.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  23,  1847,  in  Whitestown,  Pa. 
He  represented  Adams  and  Wells  coun 
ties  in  the  Indiana  legislature  in  1875.  He 
was  elected  reporter  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Indiana  in  1876  and  served  for  a  term 
of  four  years,  during  which  period  he 
edited  and  published  Indiana  Supreme 
Court  Reports.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty-third 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

MARTIN,  BARCLAY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Tennessee  from 
1845  to  1847. 

MARTIN.  BENJAMIN  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1828,  in  Mari 
on  county,  Va.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  West  Virginia  to  the  forty- 
fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses. 

MARTIN,  BENJAMIN  NICHOLAS,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1816,  in  Mount 
Holly,  N.  J.  He  was  called  in  1852  to  the 
chair  of  psychology  and  cognate  sub 
jects  in  the  university  of  the  city  of  New 
York,  where  he  also  lectured  on  rhetoric, 
belles-lettres,  modern  history,  political 
economy,  apologetics,  and  natural  the 
ology.  He  died  Dec.  26,  1883,  in  New  York 
city. 

MARTIN,  CHARLES  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  that  state  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress. 

MARTIN,  CHARLES  H.,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  congressman.  He  became  a  cler 
gyman  of  the  baptist  church  at  Polkton, 
N.  C.  In  1896  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  by  the  populists. 

MARTIN,  D.  M.,  soldier,  lawyer.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war;  and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  has  attained  eminence  at 
the  bar  in  Chicago. 

MARTIN,  DANIEL,  governor,  was  born 
in  Maryland.  He  was  governor  of  that 
state  in  1830.  He  died  July  10,  1830.  in 
Talbot  county. 

MARTIN,  EDWARD  L.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  March  12,  1842,  in  Mays- 
ville,  Ky.  He  is  president  of  the  Kansas 
City,  Pittsburg  and  Gulf  railroad. 


MARTIN,  EDWARD  LIVINGSTON, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  March  29, 
1837,  in  Seaford,  Del.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Delaware  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

MAR  UN,  EDWARD  SANDFORD,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1856  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Sly  Ballades  in 
Harvard  China;  A  Little  Brother  of  the 
Rich,  and  Other  Poems;  Cousin  Anthony 
and  I,  Some  Views  of  Ours;  and  Wind 
falls  of  Observation. 

MARTIN,  ELBERT  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress. 

MARTIN,  FRANCOIS  XAVIER.  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
March  17,  1762,  in  France.  He  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  Mississippi  territory  by 
Jefferson;  in  1813  was  attorney-general 
of  the  state  of  Mississippi;  and  in  1815  was 
made  judge  of  supreme  court  of  Louisi 
ana;  and  chief  justice  from  1837  to  1845. 
He  published  histories  of  Louisiana  and 
North  Carolina;  Notes  and  Decisions  in 
the  Superior  Courts  of  North  Carolina 
from  1787  to  1796;  Acts  of  the  North 
Carolina  Assembly  from  1715  to  1803; 
Reports  of  the  Superior  Courts  of 
Orleans  from  1809  to  1812;  Reports, 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Louisiana 
from  1813  to  1830;  and  a  Digest  of  the 
Territorial  and  State  Laws,  in  French  and 
English.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1846,  in  New 
Orleans,  La. 

MARTIN,  FREDERICK  S.,  merchant, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  25,  1794,  in  Rutland  county,  Vt.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  New  York  state 
legislature;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1851  to 
1854. 

MARTIN,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  June  30,  1815,  in  Middlebury,  Vt.  In 
1857  he  was  elected  chief  justice  of  Michi 
gan  for  two  years;  and  in  1859  he  was 
elected  a  justice  of  the  court  for  a  term 
of  eight  years.  He  died  Dec.  15,  1867,  In 
Detroit,  Mich. 

MAKTIN,  GEORGE  ALEXANDER,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  3, 
1833,  in  Norfolk  county,  Va.  He  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  the 
confederate  service 
and  was  promoted  to 
.  lieutenant-colonel.  In 
I  1881  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  ..ue  Virginia 
state  senate;  has 
twice  been  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Virginia 
uouse  of  delegates; 
in  1883-84  was  rail 
road  commissioner 
of  Virginia;  and  in 
1888  was  presidential 
elector  of  Virginia.  He  has  made  his 
tory  and  the  classics  a  special  study; 
and  has  contributed  extensively  to  current 
literature.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  his  native  state  at  Norfolk. 

MARTIN,  HENRY  NEWELL,  educator, 
biologist,  author,  was  born  July  1,  1848,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  a  biologist  of  note,  pro 
fessor  of  biology  at  Johns  Hopkins  uni 
versity  from  1876;  and  the  author  of  Ine- 
Human  Body;  Practical  Biology;  and 
Handbook  of  Vertebrate  Dissection.  He 
died  in  1896. 

MARTIN,  HOMER  DODGE,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  28,  1836,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  His 
landscapes  are  notable  for  color  and  at 
mosphere.  His  works  include  White 
Mountains  from  Randolph  Hill;  Adiron- 
dacks;  Thames  at  Richmond;  Evening 
on  the  Saranac;  Sand  Dunes  on  Lake  On 
tario;  On  the  Neck,  Newport,  R.  I.;  and: 
Old  Manor  at  Criquebceuf,  Normandy. 


«20 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MARTIN,  JAMES,  educator,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1796, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1842  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  didactic  theology  and  Hebrew  in 
the  theological  seminary  at  Cannonsburg, 
Pa.  He  published  A  Preface  designed  to 
show  that  the  Biblical  Psalms  only  are 
to  be  sung  in  the  Worship  of  God;  an  Es 
say  on  the  Imputation  of  Adam's  First 
Sin  to  His  Posterity;  and  The  Duty  of 
Submission  to  Church  Rulers  Explained 
and  Defended.  He  died  June  15,  1846,  in 
•Cannonsburg,  Pa. 

MARTIN,  JAMES  DANIEL,  educator, 
was  born  May  9,  1864,  in  Mechanicsville, 
S.  C.  He  has  been  principal  in  the  lead 
ing  normal  schools  of  North  Carolina;  has 
been  regularly  engaged  as  one  of  the  con 
ductors  of  the  summer  Normal  schools 
and  institutes  for  the  public  school  teach 
ers  of  the  state.  He  now  fills  the  chair 
•of  Latin  and  English  in  the  Normal  and 
Preparatory  school  of  the  Biddle  univer 
sity  of  Charlotte,  N.  C. 

MARTIN,  JAMES  HENRY,  educator, 
was  born  June  29,  1864,  in  Grafton,  W.  Va. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Philippi 
academy,  the  university  of  Lebanon,  and 
the  Waynesburg  college.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  educator;  has  been  city  su 
perintendent  of  Monticello  schools;  and 
Bounty  superintendent  of  Piatt  county,  111. 

MARTIN,  JAMES  STEWART,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  19,  1826,  in  Scott  county,  Va.  He 
moved  to  Illinois  in  1846;  and  was  clerk 
of  the  Marion  county  court  for  twelve 
years.  He  entered  the  army  as  colonel  in 
1862,  and  was  brevetted  brigadier-general. 
He  was  elected  county  judge  of  Marion 
«ounty  at  the  close  of  the  war;  appointed 
pension  agent  in  1868;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

MARTIN,  JANE  PERCY,  author,  was 
born  in  England.  She  is  the  author  of  a 
novel  entitled  Lost  and  Saved;  and  has 
written  extensively  on  subjects  of  travel. 

MARTIN.  JOHN,  naval  officer,  state  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  about  1730.  He 
was  appointed  naval  officer  at  Sunbury, 
•Ga.,  in  1761 ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  pro 
vincial  congress  in  1775.  He  entered  the 
{Seorgia  continental  line  as  captain;  and 
was  lieutenant-colonel  in  1781.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  from  Chatham 
•county;  was  state  treasurer  in  1783;  and 
commissioned  to  make  a  treaty  with  the 
Creek  Indians  in  1783.  He  was  governor 
of  Georgia  from  1782  to  1783. 

MARTIN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  12, 
1833,  in  Wilson  county,  Tenn.  In  1857-58 
he  was  postmaster  at  Tecumseh,  Kan.;  in 
1858-ua  was  county  attorney;  and  in  1873 
he  was  elected  to  the  Kansas  state  legis 
lature  from  Topeka;  and  received  the  re 
election  the  following  year.  In  1876  he 
was  elected  governor  of  Kansas.  In  1883 
he  was  appointed  a  district  judge,  and 
subsequently  received  the  election  to  that 
office.  In  1893  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
•served  during  1893-95. 

MARTIN,  JOHN  ALEXANDER,  jour 
nalist,  governor,  was  born  March  10,  1839, 
In  Brownsville,  Pa.  He  was  a  successful 
journalist  of  Atchison,  Kan.;  and  be- 
•came  governor  of  Kansas.  He  died  Oct. 
10,  1889,  in  Atchison,  Kan. 

MARTIN,  JOHN  HILL,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1823,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Phil 
adelphia;  legal  editor  of  The  Intelligencer 
since  1881;  and  the  author  of  Bethlehem 
and  the  Moravians:  The  Bench  and  Bar 
of  Philadelphia;  Chester  and  Its  Vicinity; 
and  Delaware  County. 


MARTIN,  JOHN  JACOB,  soldier,  law 
yer,  public  official,  was  born  in  1826  in 
Abbeville,  S.  C.  In  1869  he  was  appointed 
sixth  auditor  of  the  treasury  in  Washing 
ton,  which  position  he  resigned  in  1875, 
and  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Mont 
gomery,  Ala. 

MARTIN,  JOHN  L.,  soldier,  journalist, 
governor,  was  born  March  10,  1839,  in 
Brownsville,  Pa.  In  1858  he  purchased  the 
Squatter  Sovereign  newspaper  of  Atchi 
son,  Kan.,  and  changed  the  name  to  the 
Champion.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a  state 
senator.  He  resigned  to  accept  the  lieu 
tenant-colonelcy  of  the  eighth  Kansas  vol 
unteer  infantry  for  service  in  the  union 
army;  in  1862  was  promoted  to  colonel 
of  the  regiment;  and  was  appointed  pro 
vost  marshal  of  Nashville.  Tenn.,  serving 
for  six  months.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
governor  of  Kansas. 

MARTIN,  JOHN  MASON,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
20,  1837,  in  Athens,  Ala.  In  1871  he  was 
elected  state  senator  from  Alabama  to  fill 
a  vacancy;  in  1872  was  elected  for 
a  full  term;  and  during  the  latter  term 
was  elected  president  pro  tempore  of  the 
senate.  In  1875  he  was  elected  professor 
of  equity  jurisprudence  in  the  university 
of  Alabama,  the  term  continuing  until 
1886.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Alabama  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

MARTIN,  JOHN  P.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1811,  in  Lee 
county,  Va.  In  1828  he  moved  to 
Kentucky.  In  1841  he  was  elected  to  the 
Kentucky  legislature,  and  re-elected  the 
following  year.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Kentucky  from  1845  to 
1847;  and  in  1857  was  elected  to  the  sen 
ate  of  Kentucky. 

MARTIN,  JONATHAN  McCALEB,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  June  2,  1846,  in 
Claiborne  county,  Miss.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  university  of  Virginia, 
and  soon  became  a  leading  lawyer  of  his 
state.  He  was  president  of  the  board  of 
registrars;  for  four  years  was  a  repre 
sentative  of  the  Mississippi  legislature; 
and  for  four  years  a  member  of  the  state 
senate.  For  fifteen  years  he  was  a  trus 
tee  of  the  Industrial  institute  and  college 
of  Columbus,  Miss.;  and  now  practices  his 
profession  in  Port  Gibson,  Miss. 

MARTIN,  JOSEPH  JOHN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1833,  in  Mar 
tin  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  county 
attorney  for  his  native  county,  which  po 
sition  he  held  for  six  years;  was  elect 
ed  as  a  republican  solicitor  for  the 
second  judicial  district  of  North  Caro 
lina  in  1868,  and  held  the  position  six 
years;  and  was  re-elected  in  1874,  and 
held  the  office  until  his  nomination  for 
congress.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress  as  a  republican. 

MARTIN,  JOSHUA  LANIER.  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Dec.  5,  1799,  in  Blount  county,  Tenn.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  Ala 
bama  legislature  in  1822;  and  was  subse 
quently  elected,  successively,  solicitor,  cir 
cuit  judge,  and  chancellor.  In  1835  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ala 
bama  to  the  twenty-fourth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  twenty-fifth  con 
gress.  In  1845  he  announced  himself  an 
independent  candidate  for  governor  of 
Alabama  and  was  elected,  serving  until 
1847.  He  died  Nov.  2,  1856,  in  Tuscaloosa, 
Ala. 

MARTIN,  JOSIAH,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  April  23,  1737,  probably  in  An 
tigua,  W.  I.  He  was  governor  of  Norfh 
Carolina  from  1771  to  1775.  He  died  in 
July,  1786,  In  London,  England. 


MARTIN,  L.  A.,  educator,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  14,  1865,  in  Fayette  county, 
Ohio.  After  receiving  a  liberal  education, 
he  entered  educa 
tional  work;  and  in 
1889  was  school  com 
missioner  of  Living 
ston  county,  Ohio. 
He  has  written  ex 
tensively  both  prose 
and  verse  for  the  pe 
riodical  press;  and 
for  several  years  was 
editor  of  The  Teach 
ers'  Review,  an  edu 
cational  journal  pub 
lished  in  Chillicothe, 
Mo.  He  is  the  author  of  Hallowe'en  and 
Other  Poems;  Random  Flashes;  Hux- 
ter  Puck  and  Other  Poems;  and  other 
works. 

MARTIN,  LARKIN  MORRIS,  railroad 
manager,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1854,  in  Point 
Pleasant,  Va.  He  has  been  for  many 
years  connected  with  various  railroads  as 
station  agent,  general  agent,  and  superin 
tendent;  and  is  now  the  general  manager 
of  the  Iowa  Central  Railway  company. 

MARTIN,  LUTHER,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1748,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.  In  1778  he  was  appoint 
ed  attorney-general 
of  Maryland.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress 
in  1784  and  1785;  and 
was  a  member  of  the 
convention  which 
framed  the  federal 
constitution,  but  was 
opposed  to  its  adop 
tion,  and  an  elabor 
ate  speech  which  he 
delivered  before  the 
assembly  of  Mary 
land  about  the  convention  caused  consid 
erable  excitement  at  the  time  throughout 
the  country;  he  acquired  distinction  by 
defending  Samuel  Chase  and  Aaron  Burr, 
in  their  celebrated  trials.  In  1814  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  court  of  oyer  and 
terminer.  He  died  July  10,  1826,  in  New 
York. 

MARTIN,  MRS.  MARGARET  [MAX 
WELL],  educator,  author,  was  born  July 
12,  1807,  in  Scotland.  She  is  an  educator 
of  Columbia,  S.  C.;  and  the  author  of 
Day  Spring;  Christianity  in  Earnest;  Re 
ligious  Poems;  and  Scenes  and  Scenery  of 
South  Carolina. 

MARTIN,  MORGAN  L.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  congress  from  the  territory  of  Wis 
consin  from  1845  to  1847. 

MARTIN,  NOAH,  governor,  was  born 
in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  governor  of 
that  state  for  two  years  from  1852  to  1854. 

MARTIN,  R.  FURNISS,  lawyer,  was 
born  July  10,  1866,  in  Brazoria  county, 
Texas.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
St.  Mary  university,  and  the  state  uni 
versity  of  Austin,  Texas.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  leading  lawyer  of  his 
native  state  at  Brazoria;  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs. 

MARTIN,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  politician, 
was  born  Sept.  14,  1861,  in  Liverpool,  Eng 
land.  He  attended  the  New  York  college, 
and  subsequently  took  a  post-graduate 
course  in  ethics  and  philosophy,  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.  B.  He  practices 
his  profession  with  success  in  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.,  where  he  is  a  prominent  member 
of  the  republican  party.  He  has  been 
chairman  of  the  city  committee;  a  clerk 
in  the  house  of  representatives;  and  is 
prominent  in  fraternal  orders. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


621 


MARTIN,  ROBERT  MOODY,  journalist, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1870,  in  Marion,  S.  C.  He 
is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Liberty 
County  Herald  of  Hinesville,  Ga. ;  and  a 
general  writer  on  political  economy.  He 
is  prominently  identified  with  the  state 
democratic  executive  committee;  and 
an  active  member  of  several  fraternal 
orders. 

MARTIN,  ROBERT  N.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1798,  in 
Cambridge,  Md.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Maryland  from  1825  to 
1827.  He  died  July  20,  1870,  in  Saratoga, 
N.  Y. 

MARTIN,  S.  A.,  clergyman,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1853, 
in  Cannonsburg,  Pa.  He  is  an  eminent 
clergymanand  educator;  and  the  president 
of  Wilson  college  of  Chambersburg,  Pa. 

MARTIN,  S.  WESLEY,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1839,  in  Plain- 
field,  111.  For  many  years  he  was  em 
ployed  in  conducting  musical  conventions. 
He  now  resides  in  San  Jose,  Cal.;  and  is 
the  author  of  one  hundred  sheet  music 
songs;  and  various  music  books. 

MARTIN,  THOMAS  STAPLES,  was 
born  July  29,  1847,  in  Scottsville,  Va. 
Though  not  a  regularly  enlisted  soldier,  a 
considerable  part  of 
the  time  while  he 
was  a  cadet  at  the 
Virginia  Military  in 
stitute  was  spent  in 
the  military  service 
of  the  confederate 
states  with  the  bat 
talion  of  cadets  of 
the  institute.  Since 
1869  he  has  devoted 
himself  closely  to 
law;  for  a  number  of 
years  has  been  a 
member  of  the  board  of  visitors  of  the 
Miller  Manual  Labor  school  of  Albemarle 
county;  and  a  member  of  the  board  of 
visitors  of  the  university  of  Virginia.  In 
1893  he  was  elected  a  senator  from  Vir 
ginia  for  the  term  commencing  March  4, 
1895.  His  term  of  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1901. 

MARTIN,  WILLIAM  ALEXANDER 
PARSONS,  clergyman,  missionary,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  April  10,  1827, 
in  Livonia,  Ind.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  and  missionary,  president  of 
the  Tungwen  college,  Pekin.  Among  his 
writings  in  Chinese  are.  Evidences  of 
Christianity;  The  Three  Principles;  Re 
ligious  Allegories.  In  English  he  has  pub 
lished  The  Chinese:  Their  Education, 
Philosophy  and  Letters. 

MARTIN,  WILLIAM  DOBBIN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  20, 
1789,  in  Martintown,  S.  C.  He  was  a  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  South 
Carolina  from  1827  to  1833.  He  died  Nov. 
16,  1833,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

MARTIN,  WILLIAM  HARRISON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1822,  in  Twiggs  county, 
Ga.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Texas  state 
senate  in  1853.  and 
re-elected  in  1855.  In 
1861  he  raised  a  com 
pany  for  the  confed 
erate  army,  and  was 
mustered  into  the 
fourth  Texas  regi 
ment;  was  assigned 
to  Lee's  army,  and 
participated  in  all 
the  battles  of  that 
army  till  the  sur 
render  in  April,  1865.  He  returned  to 
Athens,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law. 


& 


In  1872  he  was  elected  district  attorney; 
and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office 
he  retired  to  his  farm  and  ranch,  which 
he  was  running  when  elected  to  the  fifti 
eth  congress  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MARTIN,  WILLIAM  I.,  soldier,  lawyer. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  in  the  army 
of  northern  Virginia;  was  afterward 
major-general  in  the  army  of  the  Tennes 
see;  and  now  practices  law  in  Vicks- 
burg,  Miss. 

MARTIN,  WILLIAM  LOGAN,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1850,  in  Madison  county, 
Ala.  In  1889  he  was  elected  attorney-gen 
eral  of  the  state  of  Alabama. 

MARTINDALE,  ELIJAH  B.,  journalist, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1828,  in  Wayne 
county,  Ind.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  common  pleas  court  for  the 
district  composed  of  the  counties  of 
Henry,  Madison,  Hancock,  Rush,  and  De- 
catur,  Ind.  In  1876  he  purchased  the  In 
dianapolis  Journal,  the  leading  republican 
paper  of  the  state,  and  assumed  its  active 
control. 

MARTINDALE,  HENRY  CLIFTON, 
congressman,  was  born  May  6,  1780,  in 
Berkshire  county,  Mass.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1823  to  1831,  and  again  from  1833  to  1835. 
He  died  April  22,  1860,  in  Sandy  Hill,  N.  Y. 

MARTINDALE,  JOHN  HENRY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  March  20,  1815,  in  Sandy 
Hill,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he  was  commissioned 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He  sub 
sequently  became  attorney-general  of  New 
York  state.  He  died  Dec.  13,  1881.  in 
France. 

MARTINITZ,  STANISLAUS  VON,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1845,  in 
Bohemia.  He  graduated  from  the  School 
of  Medicine  in  Goe- 
then.  In  1869  he 
emigrated  to  Amer 
ica,  and  began  the 
practice  of  medicine. 
He  subsequently  re 
turned  to  Bohemia 
and  attended  the 
clinics  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Prague;  and 
finally  took  a  course 
of  medicine  in  the 
Chicago  Medical  col 
lege.  In  1893  he  was 
appointed  member  of  the  advisory  council 
of  the  medical  department  at  the  World's 
congress  of  the  World's  Columbian  expo 
sition.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Soul's 
Functions  Within  the  Human  Body,  or  The 
Mind's  Functions  Within  the  Nervous 
System  of  Man,  a  philosophy  of  interven 
ing  sciences.  He  has  attained  success  in 
his  profession  at  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 

MARTYN,  ELIZA  LAMB,  poet,  was 
born  July  8,  1845,  in  Charlton,  Mass.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

MARTYN,  MRS.  SARAH  TOWNE* 
[SMITH],  author,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1805, 
in  Hopkiuton,  N.  H.  She  was  a  writer  of 
Sunday-school  semi-historical  fiction 
whose  home  was  in  New  York  city. 
Among  her  many  works  are  comprised 
Huguenots  of  France;  William  Tyndale; 
and  Lady  Alice  Lisle.  She  died  Nov  22, 
1879,  in  New  York  city. 

MARTYN,  WILLIAM  CARLOS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1841,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  History  of  the  Huguenots;  History  of 
the  English  Puritans;  The  Pilgrim  Fath 
ers  of  New  England;  History  of  the  Dutch 
Reformation;  and  Lives  of  John  Milton, 
John  B.  Gough,  Wendell  Phillips,  William 
E.  Dodge. 


MARVIN,  DUDLEY,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  May,  1786,  in  Lyme, 
Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1823  to  1829. 
In  1844  he  moved  to  Ripley;  and  was 
again  elected  to  congress,  serving  from. 
1847  to  1849.  He  died  June  25,  1856,  in 
Ripley,  N.  Y. 

MARVIN,  ENOCH  MATHER,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  June  12,  1823,  in  War 
ren  county,  Mo.  He  was  a  bishop  of  the 
methodist  church  south;  and  the  author 
of  The  Work  of  Christ;  Sermons;  and  To 
the  East  by  Way  of  the  West.  He  died 
Dec.  3,  1887,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

MARVIN,  FRANCIS,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  8,  1828,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  educated  at  pri 
vate  schools  in  that  city;  entered  upon 
a  commercial  career,  and  has  been  en 
gaged  in  the  promotion,  construction,  and 
operation  of  railways,  water  supply  com 
panies,  bridges,  the  manufacture  of  illu 
minating  gas,  and  in  banking;  and  has 
filled  many  local  offices.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  from  New  York. 

MARVIN,  JAMES  M.,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  27,  1809,  in  Ballston,  N.  Y. 
In  1846  he  was  elected  to  the  house  of  as 
sembly;  and  in  1862  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

MARVIN,  JONATHAN  JONES,  soldier, 
lawyer,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1822,  in 
Hammond,  N.  Y.  He  settled  in  Falls  City, 
Neb.;  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  his 
county;  was  postmaster  for  three  years; 
and  for  fifteen  years  was  a  justice  of  the 
peace.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
meritorious  poems,  many  of  which  have 
been  incorporated  into  standard  collec 
tions. 

MARVIN,  RICHARD  P.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
served  in  the  assembly  of  that  state  from 
Chautauqua  county  in  1836;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1837  to  1841.  In  1855  he  was  elected 
a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  that  state. 

MARVIN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  a  citizen  of  Florida.  He  was  appoint 
ed  United  States  judge  for  the  southern 
district  of  that  state. 

MARYOTT,  E.  EDGAR,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1845,  in  North 
btonington,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  New  Medical  World,  a  popular  work 
on  hygiene  and  progressive  medicine. 

MASH,  SAMUEL  LEWIS,  lawyer,  was 
born  Nov.  15,  1868,  in  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
When  a  youth  he  moved  to  Des  Moines, 
Iowa,  in  which  city  his  father  was  a 
blacksmith.  In  1889  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  has  since  practiced  his  pro 
fession  with  success.  He  was  a  delegate 
at  large  to  the  national  democratic  con 
vention  in  1892;  was  the  author  of  the 
civil  rights  bill  of  Iowa;  and  was  instru 
mental  in  having  it  become  a  law  in  1893. 

MASON,  AMISTEAD  THOMSON,  sol 
dier,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1787  in  Loudoun  county,  Va.  He  was  a  col 
onel  in  the  war  of  1812;  and  was  a  United 
States  senator  from  Virginia  from  1816 
to  1817.  He  was  killed  in  a  duel  Feb.  6, 
1819,  in  Bladensburg,  D.  C. 

MASON,  MRS.  CAROLINE  ATHER- 
TON  [BRIGGS],  author,  poet,  was  born 
July  27,  1823,  in  Marblehead,  Mass.  She 
was  a  verse-writer  of  Fitchburg,  Mass., 
whose  poem,  Do  They  Miss  Me  at  Home, 
was  long  a  popular  song.  She  was  the 
author  of  Utterance,  a  Collection  of  Home 
Poems;  The  Lost  Ring,  and  Other  Poems; 
and  Rose  Hamilan,  a  tale.  She  died  in 
1890. 


HKRRINUSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MASON,  CHARLES,  astronomer,  was 
born  in  1730  in  England.  In  1763  he  was 
•commissioned  to  survey  the  boundary  line 
between  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  by 
the  respective  proprietors  of  these  col 
onies.  He  died  in  February,  1787,  In  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

MASON,  CHARLES,  journalist,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1804,  in  Pompey, 
N.  Y.  He  was  acting  editor  of  the  New 
York  Evening  Post  in  1837  and  1838;  chief 
justice  of  the  superior  court  of  Iowa  from 
1838  to  1847;  commissioner  to  draft  a  code 
of  laws  for  the  state  of  Iowa  in  1848;  and 
judge  of  Des  Moines  county  court  in  1851 
and  1852.  He  was  United  States  commis 
sioner  of  patents  from  1853  to  1857.  He 
died  Feb.  25,  1882,  in  Burlington,  Iowa. 

MASON,  CHARLES  0.,  poet.  He  is  a 
writer  of  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.;  and  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

MASON,  MRS.  CLARA  STEVENS  AR 
THUR,  poet,  was  born  in  1844  in  Maine. 
She  is  the  author  of  The  Cherry  Blooms  of 
Yeddo,  a  volume  of  poems. 

MASON,  DAVID  HASTINGS,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1828,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Chicago  journalist  who 
has  published  a  Short  Tariff  History  of 
the  United  States. 

MASON,  EBENEZER  PORTER,  astron 
omer,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1819,  in  Washing 
ton,  Conn.  He  attained  eminence  as  an 
astronomer.  He  died  Dec.  20,  1840,  in 
Richmond,  Va. 

MASON,  EMILY  VIRGINIA,  educator, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1815,  in 
Lexington,  Ky.  She  was  a  nurse  in  con 
federate  hospitals  and  after  the  civil  war 
an  educator  in  Paris.  She  edited  a  col 
lection  of  Southern  Poems  of  the  War, 
and  wrote  a  Popular  Life  of  General 
Robert  E.  Lee. 

MASON,  ERSKiNE,  clergyman,  was 
born  April  16,  1805,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  pastor  of  a  presbyterlan  church  at 
Sehenectady  in  1827;  and  of  the  Bleecker 
Street  church  in  New  York  in  1830.  From 
1836  till  1842  he  was  professor  of  ecclesi 
astical  history  in  Union  Theological  sem 
inary.  He  died  May  14,  1851,  in  New  York 
city. 

MASON,  ERSKINE,  surgeon,  author, 
was  born  May  8,  1837,  in  New  York  city. 
From  1879  till  1882  he  was  clinical  lec 
turer  on  surgery  in  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  college,  New  York  city.  Among 
his  frequent  contributions  to  medical  pe 
riodical  literature  may  be  mentioned  those 
•on  Lumbar  Colotomy;  The  Operation  of 
Laparotomy,  with  a  Case;  Perityph- 
litis;  and  Amputation  at  the  Hip  Joint. 
He  died  April  13,  1860,  in  New  York  city. 

MASON,  GEORGE,  statesman,  was  born 
in  1726  in  Doeg's  Neck,  Va.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  legislature,  and 
in  1776  drafted  the  declaration  of  rights 
and  constitution  of  Virginia,  and  was 
known  as  the  Father  of  States'  Rights. 
In  1777  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress;  and  in  1787  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  to  frame  the  fed 
eral  constitution.  He  was  elected  first 
United  States  senator  from  Virginia  but 
•declined,  and  retired  to  private  life.  Hi 
<lied  Oct.  7,  1792,  in  Gunston  Hall  on  the 
Potomac. 

MASON,  GEORGE  CHAMPLIN,  archi 
tect,  author,  was  born  July  17,  1820,  In 
Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  an  architect  of 
Newport,  R.  I.;  and  the  author  of  New 
port  and  Its  Environs;  Application  of 
Art  to  Manufactures;  The  Old  House  Al 
tered;  Life  and  Works  of  Gilbert  Stuart; 
and  Reminiscences  of  Newport.  He  died 
:in  1894. 


MASON,  JAVAN  K.,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  Sept.  20,  1817,  in  Bethel,  Maine. 
He  has  been  chaplain  of  the  Maine  state 
prison;  and  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  cen 
tury  an  overseer  of  Bowdoin  college.  He 
has  contributed  extensively  to  religious 
literature,  and  is  the  author  of  a  number 
of  poems  and  hymns. 

MASON,  JACOB  CASWELL,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1845,  in 
Union  county,  Ky.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  Princeton  college,  Ky.,  and 
the  Cumberland  university.  He  was  first 
lieutenant  of  the  Illinois  state  guards  at 
the  age  of  eighteen;  and  for  many  years 
was  engaged  in  educational  work.  Dur 
ing  1870-78  he  was  pastor  of  the  Chris 
tian  church  of  Bethany,  Ark.;  and  in 
1878-83  filled  a  pastorate  at  Okolona,  Ark. 
The  succeeding  three  years  he  was  a  state 
evangelist;  then  a  pastor  at  Texarkana; 
and  since  1890  has  been  engaged  in  the 
ministry  at  Houston,  Texas. 

MAbuN,  JAMES  B.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  house 
of  representatives  for  many  years;  and 
for  a  part  of  the  time  was  speaker.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Rhode  Island  from  1815  to  1819. 

MASON,  JAMES  LOUIS,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1817  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  par 
ticipated  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  He 
died  Sept.  5,  1853,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

MASON,  JAMES  MURRAY,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  3,  1798,  on  Mason's  Island,  Va.  In 
1826  he  was  elected  to  the  Virginia  house 
of  delegates,  and  twice  re-elected;  and 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1833.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1837  to 
1839;  in  1847  was  elected  a  senator  in 
congress  in  the  place  of  Senator  Penny- 
backer,  and  re-elected  in  1849,  in  which 
position  he  continued  until  1861.  He  was 
expelled  from  the  senate  in  July,  1861.  He 
died  April  28,  1871,  in  Alexandria,  Va. 

MASON.  JEREMIAH,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  author,  was  born  April  27, 
1768,  in  Lebanon,  Conn.  In  1802  he  was 
appointed  attorney-general  of  New  Hamp 
shire;  and  from  1813  to  1817  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress.  An  edition  of  his  Life 
and  Letters  was  published  for  private  cir 
culation  in  1875.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1848,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

MASON,  JOHN,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  in  1600  in  England.  He  was  a  Puri 
tan  soldier  who  held  a  place  in  the  esti 
mation  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  Puritans 
corresponding  to  that  filled  by  Miles  Stan- 
dish  among  the  Pilgrims.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  the  Pequot  War.  He 
died  in  1672  in  Norwich,  Conn. 

MASON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  1734  in  Scotland.  Believing  that  the 
causes  that  divided  the  presbyterians  of 
Scotland  did  not  exist  in  the  United 
States,  he  labored  for  their  union  into  one 
denomination,  and  a  general  union  of  the 
reformed  presbyterians  was  effected  under 
the  title  of  the  associate  reformed  church. 
Of  this  body  Dr.  Mason  was  the  first  mod 
erator.  He  died  April  19.  1792,  in  New 
York  city. 

MASON,  JOHN  C..  congressman.  He 
was  born  in  Kentucky;  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  that  state  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress. 

MASON,  JOHN  MITCHELL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1770  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  New 
York  city,  long  famous  as  a  pulpit  orator, 
his  Oration  on  the  Death  of  Alexander 
Hamilton  being  especially  noted.  He  was 
the  author  of  Letters  on  Frequent  Com 
munion;  and  Plea  for  Sacramental  Com 
munion  on  Catholic  Principles. 


MASON,  JOHN  S.,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  21,  1824,  in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  He 
was  promoted  major  in  1864,  and  brevetted 
colonel  and  brigadier-general,  in  the  regu 
lar  army  in  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritori 
ous  services  during  the  war. 

MASON,  JOHN  THOMSON,  jurist,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  May, 
1815,  in  Montpelier,  Md.  In  1838  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
Maryland,  and  re-elected  in  1839.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1841 
to  1843,  being  at  that  time  the  youngest 
man  in  congress.  In  1851  he  was  elected 
by  the  people,  under  the  new  constitution 
of  the  state,  a  judge  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals,  which  position  he  filled  until  1857, 
when  he  resigned,  and  was  appointed  col 
lector  of  the  port  of  Baltimore.  He  died 
March  28,  1873,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 

MASON,  JOHN  YOUNG,  jurist,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  April  18, 
1799,  in  Greensville,  Va.  He  was  a  federal 
judge  of  the  eastern  district  court  of  Vir 
ginia;  and  judge  also  of  the  general  court 
of  Virginia.  He  served  about  ten  years 
in  the  state  legislature;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1831  to  1837.  He  was  a  member  of  Presi 
dent  Folk's  cabinet,  first  as  attorney-gen 
eral,  and  secondly  as  secretary  of  the 
navy.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1859,  in  Paris, 
France. 

MASON,  JONATHAN,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  30, 
1752,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  senator 
of  the  United  States  from  Massachusetts 
from  1800  to  1803;  and  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1817  to  1820. 
He  died  Nov.  1,  1831,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

MASON,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  30,  1828,  in 
Plattsburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  county  judge 
of  Madison  county,  N.  Y.,  from  1864  to 
1868;  was  collector  of  internal  revenue 
from  1871  to  1876;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

MASON,  LOWELL,  musician,  composer, 
was  born  Jan.  8,  1792,  in  Medford,  Mass. 
He  was  the  first  musician  who  received 
the  degree  of  doctor  of  music  in  America. 
He  was  author  and  compiler  of  many  col 
lections  of  choice  music,  and  to  him  Mas 
sachusetts  is  indebted  for  introducing 
music  into  the  public  schools.  Bethany 
alone  would  have  rendered  his  name  im 
mortal.  He  died  Aug.  11,  1872,  in  Orange, 
N.  Y. 

MASON,  MELANCTHON  WELLS,  in 
ventor,  was  born  in  1805  in  Cheshire, 
Mass.  While  he  was  master  mechanic  of 
the  Syracus*  and  Auburn  railway  he  in 
vented  many  important  improvements  in 
locomotives  that  have  since  come  into 
general  use.  He  is  perhaps  best  known  by 
his  locomotive  head-light,  which  he  per 
fected  in  1842.  He  died  June  20,  1875,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 

MASON,  MOSES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1791.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Maine  from  1834  to  1837; 
and  subsequently  a  member  of  the  state 
executive  council.  He  died  June  25,  1866, 
in  Bethel,  Maine. 

MASON,  OTIS  TUFTON,  ethnologist, 
author,  was  born  April  10,  1838,  in  East- 
port,  Maine.  He  is  an  anthropologist  of 
note,  and  the  author  of  The  Hupa  Indian 
Industries;  Woman's  Share  in  Primitive 
Culture;  The  Origins  of  Invention;  The 
I^and  Problem;  Cradles  of  the  North  Am 
erican  Indians;  and  The  Antiquities  of 
Guadeloupe. 


IIKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


623 


MASON,  RICHARD  BARNES,  soldier, 
was  born  Jan.  16,  1797,  in  Fairfax  county, 
Va.  He  was  brevetted  major  in  1829  for 
ten  years'  faithful  service  in  one  grade, 
and  brigadier-general  in  1848  for  meri 
torious  conduct.  He  died  July  25,  1850,  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

MASON,  RICHARD  SHARP,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1795,  in  West 
Indies.  In  1829  he  was  elected  president 
of  Hobart  college  of  New  York,  having 
the  previous  year  become  rector  of  St. 
Matthew's  at  that  place.  In  1835  he  was 
called  to  be  the  head  of  a  similar  educa 
tional  institution  at  Newark,  Del.  In 
1840  he  returned  to  North  Carolina,  hav 
ing  been  called  to  the  rectorship  of  Christ 
church,  Raleigh,  where  he  labored  for 
thirty-five  years  until  his  death.  He  was 
the  author  of  A  Letter  to  the  Bishop  of 
North  Carolina  on  the  Subject  of  his 
Late  Pastoral;  and  The  Baptism  of  In 
fants  Defended  from  the  Objections  of 
Anti-Paedobaptists.  He  died  in  1875  in 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 

MASON,  SAMSON,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1835  to 
1843,  and  was  afterward  a  member  of  the 
convention  which  framed  the  state  con 
stitution. 

MASON,  THOMSON,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1733  in  Virginia.  In 
1778  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
first  supreme  court  of  Virginia.  He  died 
in  1785  in  Virginia. 

MASON,  STEVENS  THOMSON,  soldier, 
legislator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  1760  in  Chapawansic,  Va.  He  was  an 
officer  in  the  revolutionary  war,  attain 
ing  to  the  rank  of  general.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  house  of  bur 
gesses,  and  a  presidential  elector  in  1792. 
He  was  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  Virginia  from  1794  to  1803;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  to  frame  the  con 
stitution  of  Virginia;  and  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature.  He  died  May  10, 
1803,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MASON,  STEVENS  THOMSON,  lawyer, 
governor,  was  born  in  1811  in  Loudoun 
•county,  Va.  In  1831  he  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  territory  of  Michigan, 
and  became  acting  governor.  In  1835, 
when  the  territory  became  a  state,  he 
was  unanimously  elected  its  first  gov 
ernor,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  was  re- 
elected.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1843,  in  New 
York  city. 

MASON,  WILLIAM,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  He 
served  in  the  legislature  of  New  York 
from  Chenango  county  from  1820  to  1822; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1835  to  1837. 

MASON,  WILLIAM,  pianist,  composer, 
was  born  Jan.  24,  1829,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
In  1855-56  he  established,  in  connection 
with  Theodore  Thomas,  a  series  of  clas 
sical  soirees.  These  concerts  became 
known  as  the  Mason  and  Thomas  soirees, 
which  were  continued  until  1868.  He  has 
published  about  forty  compositions  for 
the  piano-forte,  and  is  the  author  of  two 
piano-forte  methods,  and  also  a  system  of 
Piano-forte  Technics. 

MASON,  WILLIAM  E.,  lawyer, state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  July  7,  1850,  in  Pranklinville,  N. 
Y.  Since  1872  he  has  maintained  a  law  of 
fice  in  Chicago,  111.  He  was  elected  to  the 
general  assembly  in  1879,  and  to  the  state 
senate  in  1881.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  and  de 
feated  for  the  fifty-second  in  the  land 
slide  of  1892.  He  was  elected  to  the 


United  States  senate  Jan.  20,  1897,  by  a 
strict  party  vote.  He  took  his  seat  March 
4,  1897,  and  his  term  of  service  will  ex 
pire  March  3,  1903. 

MASON,  WILLIAM  POWELL,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1791,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  published  Reports  of  Cases  in 
the  Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States 
for  the  First  Circuit,  from  1816  to  1830, 
in  five  volumes;  and  a  second  series  in  five 
volumes.  He  died  in  1867. 

MASSIE,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  July  11,  1849,  in  Adair 
county,  Ky.  For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law;  has  been  county  at 
torney  of  Palo  Pinto  county,  Texas,  and 
has  served  with  distinction  as  special  dis 
trict  and  county  judge  of  that  county.  In 
1884-85  he  was  commissioner  for  Texas  to 
the  exposition  at  New  Orleans. 

MASoui,  NATHANIEL,  pioneer,  sol 
dier,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1763, 
in  Goochland  county,  Va.  At  the  begin 
ning  of  the  nineteenth  century  he  was 
one  of  the  largest  land-owners  in  Ohio. 
He  was  active  in  the  early  Indian  wars, 
was  state  senator,  and  for  one  term 
speaker,  major-general  of  militia  for  sev 
eral  years,  and  a  member  of  the  Ohio  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1802.  He  died 
Nov.  13,  1813,  in  Paint  Creek  Falls,  Ohio. 

MASTERS,  JOSIAH,  lawyer,  jurist,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  22, 
1763,  in  Woodbury,  Conn.  He  was  a 
prominent  member  of  the  New  York  state 
legislature  in  1792,  1800,  and  1801,  when 
he  was  appointed  associate  judge  of  Rens- 
selaer  county.  From  1805  to  1809  he  was 
a  representative  in  congress.  In  1808  he 
was  chosen  first  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  of  the  county,  which  office 
he  held  until  his  death.  He  died  June  30, 
1822. 

MASTERS,  SILAS  W.,  merchant,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1868,  in  Perry 
county,  Ohio.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Columbus,  Ohio;  and  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  university.  For  many 
years  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  busi 
ness  in  which  he  was  very  successful.  In 
1890-91  he  was  business  manager  of  the 
Franklin  County  Farmers'  Alliance,  a 
successful  Ohio  newspaper.  He  is  now 
pastor  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
at  Piketon,  Ohio. 

MASTIN,  CLAUDIUS  HENRY,  surgeon, 
was  born  June  4,  1826,  in  Huntsville,  Ala. 
In  1849  he  graduated  from  the  medical 
department  at  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  and  the  following  year  went 
abroad,  studying  in  Edinborough,  Paris 
and  London.  On  his  return  he  settled  in 
Mobile,  Ala.,  where  he  has  since  practiced, 
chiefly  as  a  surgeon.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  as  a  surgeon  in  the  con 
federate  army.  In  1883  he  was  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  American  Surgical  associa 
tion.  He  has  invented  several  surgical 
instruments,  and  contributed  largely  to 
medical  journals. 

MASURY,  JOHN  W.,  manufacturer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1820,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  established  a  large  paint  store 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  which  is  known  as 
Masury  and  Son.  He  was  the  inventor  of 
a  mill  for  grinding  colors  in  quick  drying 
varnish  to  an  impalpable  fineness. 

MATHER,  COTTON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1663,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  Of  his  many  works  his  Magnalia 
Christi  Americana  is  the  most  noted.  His 
connection  with  the  Salem  witchcraft  is 
said  to  be  more  the  fault  of  the  age  than 
the  man,  as  his  philanthropy  was  rare 
for  that  age.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
North  church  in  1683-1728,  and  his  fath 


er's  colleague  for  the  greater  part  of  that 
period.  Among  other  works  are  Wonders 
of  the  Invisible  World;  Christian  Philoso 
pher;  Psalterium  Americanum;  Manduc- 
tio  ad  Ministerium;  Memorable  Provi 
dences  Relating  to  Witchcraft;  Essays  to 
Do  Good;  The  Armor  of  Christianity; 
Batteries  Upon  the  Kingdom  of  the  Devil; 
and  Death  Made  Easy  and  Happy.  He 
died  Feb.  13,  1728. 

MATHER,  ELEAZER,  clergyman,  was 
born  May  13,  1637,  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 
He  was  ordained  minister  over  the  first 
church  that  was  organized  in  Northamp 
ton,  Mass.,  in  1658,  and  retained  that  pas 
torate  till  his  death.  He  died  July  24, 
1669,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 

MATHER,  FRED,  pisciculturist,  author, 
was  born  in  August,  1833,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  pisciculturist  of  note,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Ichthyology  of  the  Adirondacks. 

MATHER,  FREDERIC  GREGORY, 
journalist,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1844,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  1874  he  became  man 
aging  editor  of  the  Times  at  Binghamton, 
N.  Y.,  and  in  1875  editor-in-chief  of  the 
Republican  in  the  same  city,  but  resigned 
the  place  in  1879.  He  wrote  editorials  for 
the  Albany  Evening  Journal  in  1880. 

MATHER,  INCREASE,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  June  21, 
1639,  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  He  was  a  con 
gregational  clergyman  of  Boston,  pastor 
of  the  North  church,  and  president  of 
harvard  college  in  1685-1701.  Of  his  near 
ly  one  hundred  printed  works,  the  most 
noted  is  the  Remarkable  Providences, 
which  was  entitled  by  its  author  An  Essay 
for  the  Recording  of  Illustrious  Provi 
dences,  an  effort  to  prove  by  induction  the 
existence  of  mundane  supernatural  forces. 
He  died  Aug.  23,  1723,  in  Dorchester, 
Mass. 

MATHER,  MARGARET,  actress,  was 
born  in  1862  in  Canada.  She  opened  her 
career  in  1882  as  Juliet,  at  McVicker's 
theater,  Chicago,  and  her  success  was 
instantaneous.  She  died  in  1898. 

MATHER,  MOSES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  23,  1719,  in  Lyme,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Darien,  Conn.,  from  1744  till  his  death, 
who  was  of  much  prominence  in  his  day 
as  a  controversialist.  He  was  the  author 
of  Systematic  View  of  Divinity;  Infant 
Baptism  Defended;  and  Election  Sermons. 
He  died  Sept.  21,  1806,  in  Darien,  Conn. 

MATHER,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1596  in  England.  He 
was  a  puritan  clergyman  who  came  from 
England  in  1635,  and  was  minister  at 
Dorchester  1636-69.  He  was  one  of  the 
three  divines  who  prepared  The  Bay 
Psalm  Book.  A  Treatise  on  Justification 
is  as  important  as  any  of  his  many  writ 
ings.  He  died  April  22,  1669,  in  Dorches 
ter,  Mass. 

MATHER,  RICHARD  HENRY,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1835,  in 
Binghamton,  N.  Y.  He  secured  for  Am- 
herst  college  the  finest  collection  of  plas 
ter  casts  in  the  United  States.  He  has 
edited  Greek  text-books  for  use  in  col 
leges,  which  have  passed  through  several 
editions.  The  principal  ones  are  Herod 
otus;  selections  from  Thucydides,  the 
Electra  of  Sophocles;  abstract  of  lectures 
upon  sculpture;  and  the  Prometheus 
Bound  of  yBschylus. 

MATHER,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  5,  1650,  in  Dorchester, 
Mass.  He  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  Yale 
from  1700  till  1724,  and  published  several 
religious  books,  among  them  The  Dead 
Faith;  and  On  Renouncing  Our  Righteous 
ness. 


624 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MATHER,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1674,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  wrote  several  religious  works, 
including  The  Godhead  of  the  Holy 
Ghost;  and  A  Vindication  of  the  Holy 
Bible.  He  died  in  England. 

MATHER,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1706,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Boston  who  succeeded  his  father 
and  grandfather  as  pastor  of  the  North 
church,  but  in  1741  became  the  head  of 
a  new  church,  of  which  he  was  pastor  till 
his  death.  He  was  the  author  of  Life 
of  Cotton  Mather;  Essay  on  Grati 
tude;  and  America  Known  to  the  An 
cients,  an  attempt  to  prove  the  Japhetic 
origin  of  the  first  inhabitants  of  the 
American  continent.  He  died  June  27, 
1785,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

MATHER,  SAMUEL  HOLMES,  finan 
cier,  lawyer,  banker,  was  born  March  20, 
1813,  in  Washington,  N.  H.  He  organized 
the  Society  for  Savings  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  bank  for 
many  years,  and  his  judgment  upon  finan 
cial  ventures  and  investments  is  consid 
ered  of  great  value. 

MATHER,  WILLIAM  WILLIAMS,  geol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  May  24,  1804,  in 
Brooklyn,  Conn.  He  was  a  geologist  of 
Ohio,  and  the  author  of  Geology  of  the 
First  Geological  District.  He  died  Feb. 
26,  1859,  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

MATHESON,  JOHN  G..  farmer,  state 
legislator,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1846, 
in  Walworth  county,  Wis.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Nebraska  state 
legislature.  He  is  the  author  of  a  num 
ber  of  meritorious  poems,  which  have  ap 
peared  in  standard  collections. 

MATHEWS,  ALBERT,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  8,  1820,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  Walter  Ashwood,  a  Love 
Story;  A  Bundle  of  Papers,  by  Paul  Sieg- 
volk;  Thoughts  on  Codification  of  the 
Common  Law;  and  Ruminations,  and 
Other  Essays. 

MATHEWS,  CORNELIUS,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  28,  1817,  in  Port  Chester,  N.  Y. 
He  was  an  author  and  playwright  of  New 
York  city,  among  whose  non-dramatic 
works  are,  Indian  Book  of  Fairy  Tales; 
The  Enchanted  Moccasins,  and  Other  Le 
gends;  Money-Penny,  a  romance;  Jacob 
Leisler;  The  Politicians;  and  Witchcraft. 
He  died  March  25,  1889,  in  New  York 
city. 

MAI  HEWS,  EDWARD  D.,  business 
man.  In  1889  Mr.  Mathews  bought  the 
Ballon  property  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  and  estab 
lished  the  Utica  Highlands,  which  has 
since  become  an  important  part  of  Utica. 
He  also  has  controlling  interest  in  the 
Trenton  Falls  Power  company,  of  which 
he  is  also  president;  and  is  connected 
with  other  large  business  enterprises. 

MATHEWS,  GEORGE,  soldier,  states 
man,  was  born  in  1739  in  Augusta  county, 
Va.  He  represented  Georgia  in  the  first 
congress,  served  from  1781  till  1791,  and 
was  governor  of  Georgia  in  1793-96.  He 
was  subsequently  brigadier-general  of 
militia,  and  in  January,  1811,  was  author 
ized  by  the  president  to  take  possession  of 
West  Florida,  and  captured  Amelia  Island. 
He  died  Aug.  30,  1812,  in  Augusta,  Ga. 

MATHEWS,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Sept.  21,  1774,  near  Staunton,  Va. 
On  the  organization  of  the  Louisiana  Ju 
diciary  he  became  presiding  justice  of  the 
supreme  court.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1836,  In 
Bayou  Sara,  La. 

MATHEWS,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1841  to 
1845. 


MATHEWS,  JAMES  McFARLANE, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  18, 
1785,  in  Salem,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  reformed 
Dutch  clergyman  of  New  York  city,  at  one 
period  chancellor  of  the  university  of  the 
City  of  New  York.  He  was  the  author  of 
What  Is  Your  Life?  The  Bible  and  Men 
of  Learning;  and  Fifty  Years  in  New 
York.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1870,  in  New  York. 
MATHEWS,  JOANNA  H.,  author.  She 
is  a  writer  of  Sunday-school  tales,  among 
which  are,  The  Bessie  Books;  and  The 
Sunbeams. 

MATHEWS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1774  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  first  speaker  of 
the  South  Carolina  state  house  of  repre 
sentatives  after  the  dissolution  of  the 
royal  government  in  1776;  and  the  same 
year  became  an  associate  of  the  supreme 
court  of  South  Carolina.  He  served  in 
the  continental  congress  in  1778-82.  He 
succeeded  Edward  Rutledge  as  governor 
of  South  Carolina  in  1782.  He  died  Nov. 

17,  1802,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
MATHEWS,  JULIA  A.,  author.     She  is 

a  writer  of  Sunday-school  fiction,  among 
which  are,  Bessie  Harrington's  Venture; 
Jack  Granger's  Cousin;  and  Drayton  Hall 
Series. 

MATHEWS,  LEWIS  DODSON,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  17,  1854,  in  Yadkin  county, 
N.  C.  In  1870  he  moved  to  Kansas,  stud 
ied  law  and  is  now  a  leading  attorney  of 
Mound  City,  Kan.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  education  and  has  filled  other 
positions  of  honor. 

MATHEWS,  VINCENT,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  June  29, 
1766,  in  Orange,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a 
state  representative  from  New  York  in 
1793,  and  in  1796  was  chosen  a  state  sen 
ator.  From  1809  to  1811  he  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress,  and  in  1812  was  ap 
pointed  district  attorney  for  a  number  of 
counties  in  western  New  York.  Toward 
the  close  of  his  life  he  served  again  in 
the  assembly  of  the  state,  and  was  dis 
trict  attorney  for  Monroe  county.  He 
died  Aug.  23,  1846,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

MATHEWS,  WILLIAM,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  28,  1818,  in  Water- 
ville,  Maine.  He  is  an  educator  and  es 
sayist  of  Chicago,  and  later  of  Boston; 
and  the  author  of  Hours  with  Men  and 
Books;  Getting  on  in  the  World;  The 
Great  Convergers;  Literary  Style;  Men, 
Places,  and  Things;  Oratory  and  Orators; 
Wit  and  Humor,  their  Use  and  Abuse; 
and  Nugae  Litterarise. 

MATHEWS,  WILLIAM  SMITH  BAB- 
COCK,  musician,  author,  was  born  in 
1837  in  New  Hampshire.  He  is  a  musi 
cal  critic  of  Chicago,  and  the  author  of 
Outline  of  Musical  Form;  Dictionary  of 
Music  and  Musicians;  How  to  Understand 
Music;  and  New  Musical  Miscellanies. 

MATHEWSON,  ELISHA,  state  legislat 
or,  United  States  senator,  was  born  April 

18,  1767,  in  Scituate,  R.  I.    He  was  at  dif 
ferent  periods  a  member  of  the  general 
assembly  of  Rhode  Island;    once  speaker 
of  the  house;   and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1807  to  1811. 
He  died  Oct.  14,  1853,  in  Scituate,  R.  I. 

MATHIOT,  JOSHUA,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1841  to 
1843.  He  died  July  30,  1849,  in  Newark, 
Ohio. 

MATHIS,  JULIETTE  ESTELLE,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  in  Glens  Falls,  N. 
Y.  She  is  a  prolific  writer  and  journalist; 
is  a  well-known  poet  of  California,  and 
many  of  her  songs  have  been  set  to  music. 

MATIGNON,  FRANCIS,  clergyman,  au 
thor",  was  born  in  1753  in  France.  He  is 
considered  the  pioneer  of  the  Roman  cath 
olic  church  in  New  England.  He  wrote 


Rules  of  the  Confraternity,  or  Associa 
tion  of  the  Holy  Cross.  He  died  Sept.  19, 
1818,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

MATILE,  GEORGE  AUGUSTE,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
May  30,  1807,  in  Switzerland.  He  was 
professor  of  history  at  Princeton  in  1855- 
58,  and  then  accepted  the  chair  of  French 
literature  in  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  After  1863  he  held  various  govern 
ment  posts  in  Washington,  and  he  was. 
translator  of  the  interior  department  at 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1881, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MATLACK,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Gloucester  county,  N.  J.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1821  to  1825.  He  died  Jan.  15, 

1840,  in  Woodbury,  N.  J. 

MATLACK,  TIMOTHY,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1730  in  Haddon- 
field,  N.  J.  He  was  colonel  of  a  Penn 
sylvania  battalion,  and  did  good  service, 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1780  to  1781.  He  was  for  many 
years  master  of  the  rolls,  and  resided  at 
Lancaster  a  long  time,  and  was  after 
wards  register  of  one  of  the  Philadelphia 
courts.  He  died  April  15,  l&.rf,  in  Holmes- 
burg,  Pa. 

MATSON,  AARON,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1770  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.  He  was  for  many  years  judge  of 
probate  in  Cheshire  county,  N.  H.;  was  a 
state  councilor  from  1819  to  1821;  and  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1821  to  1825.  He  died 
July  18,  1855,  in  Newport,  Vt. 

MATSON,  COURTLAND  C.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April  25, 

1841,  in  Brookville,  Ind.     He  enlisted  in 
the  union  army  at  the  breaking  out  of  the 
rebellion,  and  served  until  its  suppression 
in  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  colonel.    He 
served  three  terms  as  prosecuting  attor 
ney   of   Greencastle.      He    was   elected   a 
representative  from  Indiana  to  the  forty- 
seventh   congress,  and  was  re-elected   to 
the  forty-eighth  congress. 

MATTACKS,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  March  4,  1777,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  He  became  eminent  at  the 
bar,  and  served  several  years  in  the  Ver 
mont  state  legislature  and  in  the  militia, 
of  which  he  was  brigadier-general  in  the 
war  of  1812-15.  He  was  elected  to  con 
gress  as  a  whig  in  1820;  served  in  1821- 
23,  was  defeated  at  the  next  election, 
and  returned  in  1824,  serving  in  1825-27. 
He  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
Vermont  in  1833-34;  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1835,  and  in  1841- 
43  was  for  the  third  time  in  congress,  de 
clining  a  re-election  to  accept  the  office 
of  governor,  which  he  held  in  1843-44.  He 
died  Aug.  14,  1847,  in  Peacham,  Vt. 

MATTESON,  JOEL  ALDR1CH,  govern 
or,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1808,  in  Watertown, 
N.  Y.  He  was  governor  of  Illinois  from 
1853  to  1857.  He  died  Jan.  31,  1883,  In 
Chicago,  111. 

MATTESON,  ORSAMUS  B.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state 
to  the  thirty-first,  thirty-third,  thirty- 
fourth,  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 

MATTESON,  TOMPKINS  HARRISON, 
artist,  was  born  May  9,  1813,  in  Peter 
borough,  N.  Y.  He  began  to  paint  por 
traits  with  some  success  in  1839,  and  was 
brought  into  favorable  notice  by  his  Spirit 
of  '76,  which  the  American  Art  union 
purchased.  His  works  include  The  First 
Sabbath  of  the  Pilgrims;  Examination  of 
a  Witch;  Perils  of  the  Early  Colonists; 
Eliot  Preaching  to  the  Indians;  First 
Prayer  in  Congress;  and  Rip  Van  Win 
kle's  Return  from  the  Mountains.  He  died 
Feb.  2,  1884,  in  Sherburne,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


625 


MATTHEWS,  CHARLES  PHILO,  elec 
trical  engineer,  physicist,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  18,  1867,  in  Fort  Covington,  N. 
Y.  He  is  now  the  associate  professor  of 
electrical  engineering  in  the  Purdue  uni 
versity;  has  made  a  special  study  of  light 
sources,  and  is  a  skilled  photometrist.  He 
is  the  author  of  several  monographs  on 
subjects  of  an  electrical  nature,  and  the 
joint  author  of  two  text-books. 

MATTHEWS,  CLAUDE,  farmer,  legis 
lator,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1845,  in 
Bethel,  Ky.  He  attended  the  schools  in 
Maysville,  Ky.,  af 
terward  taking  the 
regular  course  in  the 
Centre  college,  from 
which  institution  he 
graduated  in  1867.  In 
1868  he  married  Mar 
tha  R.  Whitcomb, 
daughter  of  James 
Whitcomb,  twice 
governor  and  United 
States  senator  from 
Indiana.  The  same 
year  he  moved  to 
Indiana,  settling  on  a  farm  near  Clinton, 
which  is  still  his  home.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  secretary  of  state;  and  at  the  close 
of  his  term  was  elected  governor,  and  was 
inaugurated  Jan.  \>,  1893.  He  had  pre 
viously  served  with  distinction  as  a  state 
representative  in  the  Indiana  state  legis 
lature.  He  died  in  September,  1898. 

MATTHEWS,  ELIZABETH  KINSEY, 
educator,  was  born  April  15,  1852,  in 
Smithfield,  Ohio.  She  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  educational  work  as  a  training 
teacher,  and  was  at  one  time  principal 
of  the  Des  Moines  Training  School  for 
Teachers.  For  a  period  of  ten  years  she 
taught  in  the  nrst  grade  of  the  public 
schools  of  Des  Moines,  and  for  seven 
years  was  principal  in  the  same  schools  of 
the  training  school.  Sne  has  established 
a  line  of  work  known  as  pedagogy  by  cor 
respondence,  in  which  she  has  been  emi 
nently  successful.  She  is  prominent  in 
the  Des  Moines  Women's  club;  was  one 
of  the  prime  movers  in  the  Woman's 
Round  Table,  and  its  first  president. 

MATTHEWS,  GEORGE,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1739,  in 
Augusta  county,  Va.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  Georgia  from  1789 
to  1791.  He  was  afterward  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  Georgia  militia;  and  was  gover 
nor  of  Georgia  in  1780.  He  died  Aug.  30, 
1812,  in  Augusta,  Ga. 

MATTHEWS,  HENRY  MASON,  soldier, 
educator,  governor,  was  born  in  1834,  in 
Greenbrier  county,  Va.  He  was  for  sev 
eral  years  a  professor  in  Allegheny  col 
lege,  Pennsylvania;  and  was  a  major  of 
artillery  in  the  confederate  army  during 
the  civil  war.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  West 
Virginia  in  1871;  was  elected  attorney- 
general  of  the  state  in  1872;  and  was 
elected  governor  in  1876,  and  served  four 
years.  He  died  April  29,  1884,  in  Lewis- 
burg,  W.  Va. 

MATTHEWS,  JAMES  BRANDER,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1852,  in  New  Or 
leans,  La.  Among  his  many  writings  the 
more  important  are,  The  Theatres  of 
Paris;  French  dramatists  of  the  19th 
Century;  Margery's  ixivers,  a  Comedy; 
The  Last  Meeting,  a  Story;  The  Secret  of 
the  Sea,  and  Other  otories;  A  Family 
Tree,  and  Other  Stories;  The  Story  of  a 
Story;  Tom  Paulding;  Studies  of  the 
Stage;  Americanisms  and  Briticisms; 
Vignettes  of  Manhattan;  His  Father's 
Son;  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Ameri 
can  Literature;  The  Royal  Marine;  and 
Tales  of  Fantasy  and  Fact. 

40 


MATTHEWS,  JAMES  NEWTON,  phy 
sician,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1852,  in 
Indiana.  He  is  a  physician  and  poet  of 
Mason,  111.;  and  the  author  of  Tempe 
Vale,  and  Other  Poems. 

MATTHEWS,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor.  He  was 
the  first  speaker  of  the  South  Carolina 
house  of  representatives  of  that  state  af 
ter  the  dissolution  of  the  royal  govern 
ment  in  1776.  The  same  year  he  was  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  supreme  court;  and 
from  1778  to  Iv82  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  continental  congress.  He  was  gover 
nor  of  South  Carolina  from  1782  to  1783; 
and  in  1784,  on  the  establishment  of  the 
court  of  equity,  was  appointed  one  of  the 
judges.  He  died  in  November,  180^,  in 
Charleston. 

MATTHEWS,  JOHN,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1772,  in 
Guilford  county,  N.  C.  He  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Presbyterian  Theological  sem 
inary  at  Hanover,  Ind.  He  continued  in 
this  office  seventeen  years,  and  was  for  a 
part  of  that  time  vice-president  of  Han 
over  college.  He  was  the  author  of  Di 
vine  Purpose  Displayed  in  the  Works  of 
Proviuence  and  Grace;  and  Influence  of 
the  Bible.  He  dieu  May  19,  1848,  in  New 
Albany,  Ind. 

MATTHEWS,  ROYAL,  lawyer,  banker, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1859,  near 
Davenport,  Iowa.  For  six  years  he  prac 
ticed  law  in  Davenport,  Iowa;  is  now  a 
successful  banker  of  McPherson,  Kan.; 
and  in  1897  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Kansas  state  senate  as  a  republican. 

MATTHEWS,  STANLEY,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  author, 
was  born  July  21,  1824,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  serving  in  1877- 
79.  In  1881  he  was  appointed  a  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 
He  was  the  author  of  A  Summary  of  the 
Law  of  Partnership  for  the  Use  of  Busi 
ness  Men.  He  died  March  22,  1889,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

MATTHEWS,  WASHINGTON,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  in  1843,  in 
Ireland.  He  is  a  surgeon  in  the  regular 
army,  well  known  as  an  ethnologist. 
Among  his  writings  are  included  a  Gram 
mar  of  the  Language  of  the  Hidatsa;  Eth 
nography  and  Philology  of  the  Hidatsa  In 
dians;  and  Gentile  Organization  of  tne 
Navajo  Indians. 

MATTHEWS,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1797  to  1799. 

MATTHEWS,  WILLIAM  CHARLES, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  2,  1859,  in 
Cornwall,  England.  In  1877  he  moved  to 
Colorado;  has  been  clerk  of  the  district 
court  for  two  years;  and  is  now  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  of  Lrolden.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  work  entitled  Colorado  Probate 
Practice. 

MATTHIAS,  \ViLLIAM,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1836,  in  Med- 
ford,  N.  Y.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Philadelphia  and 
Mount  Holly,  N.  J., 
and  graduated  from 
Harper's  Hebrew  in 
stitute.  He  first  was 
a  local  preacher  in 
the  methodist  epis 
copal  church,  and 
has  since  attained 
eminence  as  a  cler 
gyman  in  that  de 
nomination;  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in 
Michigan,  New  Jer 
sey,  and  North  Carolina.  He  has  been 
superintendent  of  public  schools  in  Michi 
gan;  and  is  a  well  known  Hebrew  scholar. 


MATTICE,  BURR,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  July,  1856,  in  Schoharie  county,  N. 
Y.  In  1889  he  was  elected  district  attor 
ney  of  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.;  and  in  1893 
was  elected  county  judge,  a  position  which 
he  still  fills. 

MATTISON,  HIRAM,  clergyman,  con 
troversialist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  11, 
1811,  in  Norway,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  method 
ist  clergyman  of  New  York  city,  active  as 
a  controversialist,  and  the  autnor  of  Bi 
ble  Doctrine  of  Immortality;  The  Trinity 
and  Modern  Arianism;  Tracts  for  the 
Times;  Impending  Crisis;  Defense  of 
American  Methodism;  and  Popular 
Amusements.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1868,  in 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

MATTOCKS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1776,  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Vermont;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1821  to  1825, 
and  from  1841  to  1843;  and  was  governor 
of  the  state  one  year.  He  died  Aug.  14, 
1847,  in  Peacham,  Vt. 

MATTOON,  EBENEZER,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1755,  in  Am- 
herst,  Mass.  In  1797  he  was  a  president 
ial  elector;  was  a  major  in  the  war  of 
1812;  and  sheriff  of  Hampshire.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1801  to  1803,  having  suc 
ceeded  L.  Lyman,  resigned;  and  in  1816 
was  chosen  adjutant-general  of  militia. 
He  died  Sept.  11,  1843,  in  Amherst,  Mass. 

MATTOON,  STEPHEN,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  May  5,  1816,  in  Cham 
pion,  N.  Y.  He  completed  his  popular 
translation  of  the  New  Testament  into 
Siamese  in  1865,  and  it  was  printed  that 
year  complete  at  the  Presbyterian  mis 
sion  press  at  Bangkok,  Siam.  He  died 
Aug.  15,  1889,  in  Marion,  Ohio. 

MATURIN,  EDWARD,  educator, author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1812,  in  Ireland.  He  was 
an  educator  of  New  York  city.  Beside  Ly 
rics  of  Spain  and  Erin,  he  was  the  author 
of  several  historical  novels,  comprising 
Eva;  Bianca;  Montezuma;  Benjamin;  and 
the  Jew  of  Grenada.  He  died  May  25, 
1881,  in  New  York  city. 

MATZ,  NICHOLAS,  bishop,  was  born 
April  6, 1850,  in  Alsace-Lorraine.  In  1874 
he  was  ordained  priest  and  appointed  as 
sistant  pastor  of  the  cathedral  of  Denver; 
and  he  was  transferred  in  1877  to  the  pas 
torate  of  Georgetown,  Col.  After  building 
a  church,  school,  and  hospital,  which  lat 
ter  he  placed  under  the  charge  of  the  Sis 
ters  of  St.  Joseph,  he  exchanged  this  par 
ish  for  the  new  one  of  St.  Anne's,  East 
Denver.  Here  he  labored  with  the  same 
zeal  until  he  was  nominated  in  1887  coad 
jutor  of  Bishop  Machebeuf,  of  Colorado. 

MAUCK,  JOSEi-H  W.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1852, 
in  Cheshire,  Ohio.  For  three  years  he 
was  professor  of  Greek  in  the  Hillsdale 
college,  Michigan;  and  professor  of  Latin 
in  the  same  college  during  1881-83.  Since 
1891  he  has  been  president  of  the  state 
university  of  South  Dakota. 

MAUL,  JOSEPH,  governor.  He  was 
acting  governor  of  Delaware  in  1846,  hav 
ing  previously  been  elected  lieutenant- 
governor. 

MAURICE,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1853 
to  1855. 

MAURY,  ABRAHAM  P.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee,  from  1835  to  1839.  He  died 
July  22,  1848,  in  Williamson  county,  Tenn. 

MAURY,  ANN,  author,  was  born  in 
September,  1803,  in  England.  She  was 
the  author  of  Memoirs  of  a  Huguenot  Fam 
ily.  Sne  died  in  January,  1876,  in  New 
York  city. 


626 


HERRINGSHAW9     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MAUrtY,  DABNEY  HERNDON,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  May  21,  1822,  in  Fred- 
ericksburg,  Va.  He  was  a  confederate  ma 
jor-general  in  the  civil  war,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Skirmish  Drill  for  Mounted 
Troops;  and  Recollections  of  a  Virginian 
in  the  Mexican,  Indian,  and  Civil  Wars. 

MAURY,  FRANCIS  FONTAINE,  sur 
geon,  journalist,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1840, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  For  two  years  he 
edited  the  Photographic  Review  of  Medi 
cine  and  Surgery,  and  he  published  num 
erous  reports  of  medical  and  surgical 
cases.  He  was  a  surgeon  to  Jefferson 
Medical  College  hospital,  and  the  Phila 
delphia  hospital,  and  during  the  civil  war 
had  charge  for  a  time  of  an  army  hospital. 
He  died  June  4,  1879,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
MAURY,  MATTHEW  FONTAINE, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1806, 
in  Virginia.  He  was  a  once  famous  scien 
tist,  for  many  years  in  charge  of  the  hy- 
drographieal  office  at  Washington,  as  well 
as  of  the  naval  observatory.  During  the 
civil  war  he  entered  the  confederate  ser 
vice,  and  in  1868-73  was  a  professor  in  the 
Virginia  Military  institute  .at  Lexington. 
He  was  the  author  of  Treatise  on  Naviga 
tion;  Physical  Geography  of  the  Sea; 
Wind  and  Current  Charts;  Physical  Ge 
ography  for  Schools;  and  The  World  We 
Live  In.  He  died  Feb.  1,  1873,  in  Lex 
ington,  Va. 

MAURY,  MRS.  SARAH  MYTTON 
(HUGHES),  author,  was  born  Nov.  1, 
1808,  in  England.  She  was  the  author  of 
Etchings  from  the  Caracci;  The  Eng 
lish  Woman  in  America;  The  States 
men  of  America;  and  Progress  of  the 
Catholic  Church  in  America.  She  died  in 
October,  1849,  in  Virginia. 

MAUTE,  ANDREW,  journalist,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  June  28,  1844,  in  France. 
He  learned  the  printing  business,  and  be 
came  foreman  of  the 
Nevada  state  print 
ing  office.  He  has 
been  the  publisher  of 
the  Carson  Inde 
pendent;  editor  and 
manager  of  the  Aus 
tin  Reveille;  and  is 
now  the  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the 
Belmont  Courier. 
For  eight  years  he 
served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  state  sena 
tor  in  the  Nevada  legislature,  and  has  ta 
ken  an  active  paiv  in  the  legislation  of 
Nevada.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of 
honorary  visitors  of  the  Nevada  State 
university,  and  takes  an  active  part  in 
public  affairs. 

MAVERICK.  PETER,  engraver,  was 
born  Oct.  22,  1780,  in  New  York  city. 
Among  his  line  engravings  are  portraits 
of  Henry  Clay;  Bishop  Benjamin  Moore, 
and  Andrew  Jackson,  he  died  June  7. 
1831,  in  New  York  city. 

MAXCY,  JONATHAN,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1768,  in  Attle- 
borough,  Mass.  In  1792  he  became  presi 
dent  of  Brown  college.  In  1802  he  was 
elected  to  the  presidency  of  Union  college. 
In  1804  he  was  chosen  first  president  of 
South  Carolina  college,  which  had  been 
just  established  at  Columbia.  He  died 
June  4, 1820,  in  Columbia,  d.  C. 

MAXCY,  VIRGIL,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  about  1785,  in  Attleborough, 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  both  houses 
of  the  Maryland  legislature;  solicitor  of 
the  United  States  treasury,  and  charge 
d'affaires  to  Belgium.  He  published  Com 
pilation  of  the  Laws  of  Maryland  from 
1692  to  1809,  in  four  volumes;  Oration  be 
fore  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society.  He  was 
accidentally  killed  Feb.  28.  1844. 


MAXEY,  SAMUEL  BELL,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator.  United  States  senator, 
was  born  March  30,  1825,  in  Monroe  coun 
ty,  Ky.  He  moved  to  Texas  in  1857,  and 
in  1861  was  elected  state  senator  for  four 
years,  but  declined  to  serve,  and  raised 
the  ninth  Texas  infantry  for  the  confed 
erate  service,  and  was  made  colonel.  He 
was  brigadier-general  in  1862,  major-gen 
eral  in  1864;  commanded  the  district  of 
the  Indian  territory  from  1863  to  the  close 
of  the  war,  and  was  also  superintendent 
of  Indian  affairs.  In'  1874  he  was  elected 
United  States  senator  from  Texas;  and 
was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1887. 

MAXSON,  EVA  E..  educator,  poet,  was 
born  in  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.  She  began 
her  literary  career  before  the  civil  war. 
and  is  still  actively 
engaged  in  the  work, 
although  the  greater 
part  of  her  time  is 
devoted  to  teaching. 
She  has  contributed 
both  prose  and  verse 
to  current  literature, 
and  several  of  her 
songs  have  been  set 
to  music.  Her  poems 
have  been  given  a 
place  in  Poets  of 
America,  Poets  and 
Poetry  of  Iowa,  and  various  other  stand 
ard  collections. 

MAXSON.  FREDERICK.  musician, 
composer,  was  born  June  13,  1862,  in  Bev 
erly,  N.  J.  Since  1884  he  has  been  organ 
ist  and  choir  master  of  the  Central  con 
gregational  church  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  considerable  num 
ber  of  church  services'. 

MAXWELL,  AUGUSTUS  EMMETT, 
railroad  president,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1820,  in 
Elberton,  Ga.  In  1847  he  was  elected  to 
the  assembly  of  Florida;  was  secretary  of 
state  in  1848;  a  state  senator  in  1849;  and 
was  a  member  of  congress  from  1853  to 
1857.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  president 
of  the  Pensacola  and  Montgomery  rail 
road. 

MAXWELL,  GEORGE  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  jersey.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1811  to  1813. 

MAXWELL,  GEORGE  TROUP,  soldier, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1827, 
in  Bryan  county,  Ga.  In  1848  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  medi 
cal  department  of 
the  university  of  the 
city  of  New  York. 
Until  1857  he  prac 
ticed  medicine  in 
Tallahassee,  Fhi.. 
when  he  was  ap 
pointed  surgeon  of 
the  marine  hospital 
at  Key  West.  In 
1860  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  obstetrics 
in  the  Oglethorpe 
Medical  college  of  Savannah;  but  a  year 
later  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  first 
Florida  regiment,  and  was  subsequently 
promoted  to  brigadier-general.  In  1866  he 
was  elected  to  the  Florida  state  legisla 
ture;  and  since  1871  has  made  Middle- 
town,  Del.,  his  home.  He  claims  to  have 
invented  the  laryngoscope  independently 
several  months  before  Professor  Czer- 
mach  announced  his  discovery.  He  has 
published  pamphlets  on  Malarial,  Haemo- 
globinuria;  The  Negro  Problem;  and  An 
Address  on  Municipal  Hygiene.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  leading  medical  bodies  of 
America  and  Europe. 


I 


MAXWELL,  HUGH,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1787,  in  Scotland.  He  was  made 
assistant  judge-advocate  general  in  the 
United  States  army  in  1814;  and  in  1819 
was  elected  district  attorney  for  New 
York  county,  serving  by  successive  re- 
elections  until  1829.  From  1849  till  1852 
he  was  collector  of  the  port  of  New  York. 
He  died  March  31,  1873,  in  New  York  city. 

MAXWELL.  J.  P.  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1805,  in  New  Jersey. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 
He  died  Nov.  14,  1845,  in  Belvidere,  N.  J. 

MAXWELL,  LEWIS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  Ia27  to 
1833. 

MAXWELL,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May 
20,  1826,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Cass  county  to 
the  Nebraska  territorial  legislature;  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  in  1864,  and  re- 
elected  in  1865.  He  assisted  in  framing 
the  constitution  of  1866;  and  was  elected 
to  the  first  state  legislature  in  1866.  He 
organized  the  First  National  bank  of 
Plattsmouth  about  1870.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  as  a  republican 
in  1872  for  a  term  of  six  years.  He  lo 
cated  in  Fremont  in  1873;  and  was  elected 
in  1875  a  member  of  the  third  constitu 
tional  convention.  He  was  elected  the 
same  year  judge  of  the  supreme  court  un 
der  the  new  constitution,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1881  and  1887.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  Digest  of  Nebraska  Reports; 
Practice  in  Justice  Courts;  Pleading  and 
Practice;  Criminal  Procedure,  and  Code 
Pleadings.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  fusionist. 

MAXWELL,  SIDNEY  DENISE,  soldier, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1831, 
in  Centreville,  Ohio.  Since  1871  he  has 
been  superintendent  of  the  Cincinnati 
chamber  of  commerce,  and  is  now  its  stat 
istician.  In  addition  to  pamphlets  and 
the  annual  reports  of  the  chamber  of 
commerce,  he  has  published  The  Suburbs 
of  Cincinnati;  and  The  Manufactures  of 
Cincinnati  and  their  Relations  to  the  Fu 
ture  Progress  of  the  City. 

MAXWELL,  THOMAS,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1829  to  1831. 

MAXWELL,  THOMPSON,  soldier.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Boston  tea  party  in 
1773;  and  helped  to  frame  and  adopt  the 
Massachusetts  constitution.  He  also  serv 
ed  in  the  war  of  18i2.  He  died  in  1835. 

MAXWELL,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Ireland.  In  1775  he  represented 
Sussex  county  in  the  New  Jersey  provin 
cial  congress.  When  the  revolutionary 
war  broke  out  he  was  made  colonel  of  the 
second  New  Jersey  regiment;  and  in  1776 
attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 
He  died  Nov.  12,  1798,  in  Sussex  county, 
N.  J. 

MAXWELL,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  author,  was  born  March 
5,  1852,  in  Ireland.  In  1882  he  was  elected 
associate  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  and  in 
1887  was  advanced  to  the  post  of  superin 
tendent.  He  is  the  author  of  First  Book 
in  English;  Introductory  Lessons  in 
English  Grammar;  and  Advance  Lessons 
in  English  Grammar. 

MAY.  ALBERT  QUITMAN,  was  born 
June  17,  1858,  in  Simpson  county.  Miss.  He 
served  one  term  as  sheriff  of  his  county, 
and  declined  the  re-election  in  1881.  Dur 
ing  1884-94  he  was  circuit  and  chancery 
clerk  of  his  county;  and  in  1894  his  name 
was  put  forward  as  a  member  for  con 
gress.  In  1895  he  was  appointed  state 
treasurer  of  Mississippi. 


HESRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


627 


MAY,  CAROLINE,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1820,  in  England.  She  is  a  writer 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of 
American  Female  Poets;  The  Woodbine, 
a  Holiday  Gift;  i-oems;  Hymns  on  the 
Collects;  and  Lays  of  Memory  and  Affec 
tion. 

MAY,  MRS.  CELESTE,  lecturer,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  20,  1850,  in  Lee  county, 
Towa.  She  is  an  ardent  advocate  of  tem 
perance,  in  the  cause  of  which  she  has 
lectured  extensively  throughout  the 
United  States.  She  is  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  entitled  Sounds  of  the 
Prairie. 

MAY,  EDWARD  HARRISON,  soldier, 
artist,  was  born  in  1824,  in  England.  His 
works  include  The  Dying  Brigand  (in  the 
Philadelphia  academy  of  fine  arts) ; 
Christopher  Columbus  signing  his  Will  in 
Prison;  Lady  Jane  Grey  presenting  her 
Tablets  to  the  Governor  of  the  Tower; 
and  Franklin  playing  at  Chess  with  Lady 
Howe.  He  died  May  17,  1887,  in  Paris, 
France. 

MAY,  HENRY,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  13,  1816,  in  Washington,  D. 
C.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Maryland  from  1853  to  1855;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 
He  died  Sept.  25,  1863,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

MAY,  JOHN  WILDER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1819,  in  Attle- 
borough.  Mass.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Bos 
ton,  and  the  author  of  The  Law  of  Insur 
ance;  Law  of  Crimes;  and  Criminal  Law. 
He  died  Jan.  11,  1883,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

MAY,  JOSEPH  LEE,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  June  11,  1867,  in  Rutherfordton, 
N.  C.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Daniel 
May.  an  eminent  homilist  in  the  North 
Carolina  conference  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church,  south.  He  is  a  poet  of  high 
order,  a  graceful  prose  writer,  and  a  suc 
cessful  journalist.  For  many  years  he 
was  editor-in-chief  of  the  Dixie  Tele 
grapher  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

MAY,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1810,  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a 
retired  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Leicester, 
Mass.;  of  prominence  in  the  anti-slavery 
movement;  and  the  author  of  The  Fugi 
tive  Slave  Law  and  its  Victims. 

MAY,  SAMUEL  JOSEPH,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1797,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman 
of  Syracuse  prominent  in  the  anti-slavery 
cause,  and  also  in  educational  reforms. 
He  was  the  author  of  Education  of  the 
Faculties;  Revival  of  Education;  and 
Recollections  of  the  Anti-Slavery  Con 
flict.  He  died  July  1,  1871,  in  Syracuse, 
N.  Y. 

MAY,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  Dec.  v,  1850,  in 
Lackawaxen,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  teach 
er  and  director  of  choirs  and  classes  in 
Montclair,  N.  J.;  and  the  author  of  a  num 
ber  of  songs  and  hymns. 

MAY,  'WILLIAM  L.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  Illinois  from  1835 
to  1839. 

MAYALL,  SAMUEL,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Maine.  He 
served  in  the  state  legislature  in  1845. 
1847,  and  1848;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Maine  from  1853  to 
1855. 

MAYBURY,  WILLIAM  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1849,  in  De 
troit,  Mich.  He  began  the  practice  of  law 
at  Detroit  in  1871;  and  was  elected  city 
attorney  in  1875,  and  served  four  years. 
In  1882  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress;  and  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 


MAYER,  ALFRED  MARSHALL,  as 
tronomer,  author,  was  boru  Nov.  13,  1836, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.;  has  been  astronomer, 
professor  of  physics  in  Stevens  institute 
at  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  from  1871.  He  is  the 
author  of  Light;  Notes  on  Physics; 
and  Sport  with  Gun  and  Rod  in  American 
Woods  and  Waters. 

MAYER,  BRANTZ,  lawyer,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  27/1809,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  journal 
ist  of  Baltimore,  and  an  officer  in  the 
federal  army  during  the  civil  war.  He  was 
the  author  of  Mexico  as  It  Was  and  as  It 
Is;  Mexico:  Aztec,  Spanish,  and  Repub 
lican;  Observations  on  Mexican  History 
and  Archaeology;  Mexican  Antiquities; 
Captain  Canot,  or  Twenty  Years  of  an  Af 
rican  Slaver;  and  Memoir  of  Jared  Sparks. 
He  died  March  21,  1879,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
MAYER,  CHARLES  F.,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1797,  in  Maryland.  He  attained  a 
high  position  at  the  bar  of  Maryland,  as 
well  as  judge  of  the"  court  of  appeals  at 
Annapolis,  and  as  a  judge  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  Jan.  3,  1864,  in  Baltimore. 
MAYER,  CONSTANT,  artist,  was  born 
Oct.  4,  1832,  in  France.  His  works  in 
clude  portraits  of  General  Grant  and  Gen 
eral  Sherman;  Beggar-Girl;  Consolation; 
Early  Grief;  Oracle  of  the  Field;  Song  of 
the  Shirt;  Song  of  the  Twilight;  In  the 
Woods;  The  Vagabonds;  Lord's  Day;  and 
Lawn  Tennis. 

MAYER,  FRANCIS  BLACKWELL,  art 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1827,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
university  of  Mary 
land;  has  filled  posi 
tions  of  professor 
ship  and  librarian; 
has  been  president 
of  the  Improvement 
association;  and 
vice-president  of  the 
Historical  society.  He 
exhibited  at  the  Par 
is  salon,  and  was 
given  a  medal  at 
Philadelphia  in  1876 
for  his  Continentals, 

and  his  Attic  Philosophers.  He  has  made 
a  special  study  of  Indian  types  and  char 
acter  in  the  west.  Others  of  his  works  of 
art  are  Founders  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Railroad;  Planting  of  the  Colony  of 
Maryland,  which  latter  painting  was  pur 
chased  by  the  state  of  Maryland. 

MAYER,  LEWIS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1783,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  a  German  reformed  clergyman  of 
eastern  Pennsylvania:  and  the  author  of 
Lectures  on  Scriptural  Subjects;  The  Sin 
Against  the  Holy  Ghost;  and  History  of 
the  German  Reformed  Church.  He  died 
in  1849. 

MAYER,  SAMUEL  W.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  state  legislator,  was  born  May  13, 
1858,  in  Sandusky,  Ohio.  He  is  a  success 
ful  merchant  of  Holt,  Mich.,  and  during 
1897-98  served  with  distinction  in  the 
Michigan  house  of  representatives. 

MAYES,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1846,  in  Hinds 
county,  Miss.  Since  1896  he  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  law  and  dean  of  law  school  in 
Millsap's  college,  of  Jackson,  Miss.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Life,  Times,  and 
Speeches  of  Lucius  Q.  C.  Lamar;  and  A 
History  of  Higher  Education  in  Missis 
sippi. 

MAYFIELD,  WILLIAM  DAVID,  educa 
tor,  lawyer,  was  born  June  22,  1854,  in 
Polk  county,  Tenn.  He  was  county  su 
perintendent  of  education  of  Greenville 
county,  S.  C.,  for  eight,  years;  and  is  now 
state  superintendent  of  education  for  the 
state  of  South  Carolina.  For  sixteen  years 
he  has  practiced  law  with  success. 


MAYHAM,  STEPHEN  L.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1825,  in  Blen 
heim,  N.  Y.  In  1857  he  was  elected  super 
visor  of  Blenheim,  and  was  re-elected 
three  times.  In  1859  he  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  for  Schoharie  county,  N.  Y., 
for  three  years;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
state  assembly  in  1863.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-first  congress,  and  was  again 
a  representative  in  the  forty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

MAYHEW,  EXPERIENCE,  missionary 
author,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1673,  fn  Martha's 
Vineyard.  She  was  a  missionary  to  the 
Indians  of  Martha's  Vineyard;  and  the 
author  of  Indian  Converts;  and  Grace  De 
fended.  She  died  Nov.  29,  1758,  in  Mar 
tha's  Vineyard. 

MAYHEW,  JONATHAN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1720,  in  Martha's 
Vineyard.  He  was  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  of  Boston,  and  pastor  of  the  West 
church  in  1747-66.  A  noted  Sermon  on  the 
Repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act  is  an  effective 
example  of  his  style.  He  also  published 
Seven  Sermons;  Sermons  to  Young  Men. 
He  died  July  9,  1766,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

MAYHEW,  MATHEW,  governor.  He 
succeeded  the  elder  Thomas  as  governor 
of  Martha's  Vineyard;  and  occasionally 
preached  to  the  Indians,  and  died  there 
in  1710. 

MAYHEW,  ZECHARIA,  missionary, 
was  born  in  1717,  in  Martha's  Vineyard. 
From  1767  until  his  death  he  was  a  mis 
sionary  under  the  Massachusetts  society 
for  propagating  the  gospel  among  the  In 
dians.  He  died  March  6.  1806,  in  Mar 
tha's  Vineyard. 

MAYMAN,  EDWARD  W.,  poet,  was 
born  April  18,  1859,  in  England.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education;  emigrated 
to  America  in  1888: 
and  since  that  time 
has  resided  in  Sauk 
Rapids,  Minn.,  en 
gaged  in  mercantile 
business.  He  has 
written  extensively 
both  prose  and  verse 
for  the  periodical 
press;  and  some  of 
his  poems  have  been 
given  a  place  in 
Poets  of  America 
and  other  standard 

works;    and  also  have  been  published  in 
book-form. 

MAYNARD,  CHARLES  J.,  naturalist, 
author.  He  was  a  naturalist  of  Newton, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  The  Naturalist's 
Guide;  The  Birds  of  Florida;  The  Birds 
.of  Eastern  North  America;  A  Manual  of 
Taxidermy;  and  The  Butterflies  of  New 
England. 

MAYNARD.  EDWARD,  inventor,  edu 
cator,  was  born  April  26,  1813,  in  Madison, 
N.  Y.  In  1857  he  became  professor  of  the 
ory  and  practice  in  Baltimore  College  of 
Dental  Surgery,  and  he  now  holds  that 
chair  in  the  dental  department  of  the  Na 
tional  university  at  Washington.  He  has 
devised  many  methods  and  instruments 
in  connection  with  his  profession,  but  is 
best  known  by  his  improvements  in  fire 
arms. 

MAYNARD,  FRED  A.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1852,  in 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  Since  1876  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  In  1881 
he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney;  was 
nominated  for  judge  of  superior  court  in 
1885;  and  in  1890  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  to  the  state  legislature.  In  1894  he 
became  attorney-general  of  the  state, 
to  which  position  he  was  re-elected  in 
1896. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MAYNARD,  GEORGE  WILLOUGHBY, 
artist,  was  born  March  5,  1843,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  In  1884  he  was  awarded  a 
medal  at  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of 
Fine  Arts.  Besides  numerous  portraits, 
his  works  include  Vespers  at  Antwerp; 
and  1776,  sent  to  the  centennial  exhibi 
tion  of  1876;  Water  Carriers  of  Venice; 
Musical  Memories;  and  Venetian  Court. 

MAYNARD,  HORACE,  educator,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1814, 
in  Westborough,  Mass.  He  held  a  number 
of  local  offices  in  his  adopted  state;  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1852.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Tennessee  to 
the  thirty-fifth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth,  thirty-seventh, 
thirty-ninth,  fortieth,  forty-second  and 
forty-third  congresses.  In  1875  he  was 
appointed  minister  resident  to  Turkey,  in 
1880  he  was  appointed  postmaster-gener 
al,  and  served  in  that  position  until  1881. 
He  died  May  3,  1882,  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

MAYNARD,  ISAAC  H.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  state  legislator,  public  official,  was 
born  April  9,  1838,  in  Bovina,  N.  Y.  In 
1875  he  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
New  York  state  legislature;  was  re-elect 
ed  in  1876;  and  in  1877  was  elected  county 
judge  and  surrogate  of  Delaware  county, 
and  served  six  years.  In  1884  he  was  ap 
pointed  first  deputy  attorney-general  of 
the  state  of  New  York,  and  served  until 
1885,  when  he  was  appointed  second  comp 
troller  of  the  treasury  of  the  United 
States. 

MAYNARD,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  a  resident  of  New  York. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1827  to  1829.  He  was 
subsequently  a  member  of  the  New  York 
senate  for  four  years;  and  was  again  a 
member  of  congress  from  1841  to  1843. 
He  was  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
New  York,  and  from  1850  was  a  judge  of 
the  court  of  appeals.  He  died  March  24, 
1850,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

MAYNARD,  SAMUEL  TAYLOR,  botan 
ist,  horticulturist,  and  landscape  archi 
tect,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1844,  in  Hardwick, 
Mass.  He  has  filled  the  chair  of  horticul 
ture,  landscape  gardening  and  forestry  in 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  college.  Most 
of  the  ornamental  features  of  the  beauti 
ful  grounds  of  the  Massachusetts  Agri 
cultural  college  have  been  due  to  his  skill 
and  care. 

MAYO,  AMORY  DWIGHT,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1823,  in  War 
wick,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man  very  prominent  since  the  civil  war  in 
educational  matters  in  the  southern 
states.  He  is  the  author  of  Graces  and 
Powers  of  the  Christian  Life;  Symbols  of 
the  Capitol;  Religion  in  Common 
Schools;  and  Talks  with  Teachers. 

MAYO.  JOHN,  legislator,  was  born  July 
17,  1737,  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  burgesses  from  Chesterfield 
county,  Va.,  in  1769,  1770,  and  1771;  and 
from  Henrico  county  in  1775.  In  1775-76 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  state 
convention.  He  died  Feb.  15,  1780,  in 
Richmond,  Va. 

MAYO,  ROBERT,  author,  was  born 
April  25,  1784,  in  Powhatan  county,  Va. 
He  was  a  writer  long  in  the  civil  service 
at  Washington;  and  the  author  of  View 
of  Ancient  Geography  and  History;  New 
System  of  Mythology;  United  States  Pen 
sion  I^aws;  Synopsis  of  the  Commercial 
and  Revenue  System;  and  The  Treasury 
Department,  its  Origin  and  Operations. 
His  miscellaneous  writings  appear  in  a 
number  of  standard  educational  and  sci 
entific  works.  He  died  Oct.  31,  1864.  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 


MAYO.  ROBEhT  M.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  28,  1836,  in  West 
moreland  county,  Va.  He  was  a  colonel 
in  the  confederate  army  during  the  civil 
war;  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1881;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Virginia  to  the  for 
ty-eighth  congress. 

MAYO,  MRS.  SARAH  CARTER  [ED- 
GARTON],  author,  poet,  was  bom  March 
17,  1819,  in  Shirley,  Mass.  She  was  the 
author  of  The  Palfreys;  Ellen  Clifford; 
and  several  compilations  of  poetry  and 
prose.  She  died  July  9,  1848,  in  Glouces 
ter,  Mass. 

MAYO,  WILLIAM  STARBUCK,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  April  20,  1812,  in 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  novelist  and 
physician  of  New  York  city,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Kaloolah;  The  Berber;  Never 
Again;  Flood  and  Field;  and  Romance 
Dust,  a  collection  of  short  stories.  He 
died  in  1895. 

MAYRANT,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
during  the  years  1815  and  1816. 

McADOO,  MRS.  MARY  FAITH 
[FLOYD],  author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1832, 
in  Tennessee.  She  is  the  author  of  The 
Nereid,  a  romance;  and  Antethusia. 

McADOO,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1853,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  for  some  years  counsel 
to  a  local  board  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. ; 
and  was  a  representative  in  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1882.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

McADOO.  WILLIAM  GIBBS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  legislator,  author,  poet,  was 
born  April  4,  1820,  near  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  of 
Tennessee;  and  the 
following  year  led  a 
company  from  Ten 
nessee  in  the  Mex 
ican  war.  In  1851  he 
was  elected  attorney 
general  of  the  Knox 
ville  judicial  district 
of  Tennessee.  After 
the  civil  war  he  be 
came  county  judge 
of  Baldwin  county, 
Ga.;  and  for  nine  years  filled  the  chair  of 
history  and  English  literature.  He  is  the 
author  of  Elementary  Geology  of  Ten 
nessee;  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

MCAFEE,  CHARLES  BINGLEY,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  Kentucky. 
In  1896  he  became  judge  of  the  criminal 
court  of  Green  county,  Mo.  He  was  a  can 
didate  for  congress  in  1868  and  again  in 
1872. 

MCAFEE,  ROBERT  BRECKINRIDGE, 

soldier,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  Feb 
ruary,  1784,  in  Mercer  county,  Ky.  He 
was  lieutenant-governor  of  Kentucky 
from  1820  to  1824.  He  was  the  author  of 
History  of  the  I^ate  War  in  the  Western 
Country,  in  1816.  He  died  March  12,  1849, 
in  Kentucky. 

McALEER,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  6, 
1838,  in  Ireland.  He  was  unanimously 
elected  to  the  Pennsylvania  state  senate 
in  1886  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and  re 
ceived  the  nomination  for  president  pro 
tempore  by  the  democratic  members  in 
1889.  He  was  elected  to  the  fitly-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses;  was  not  a  can 
didate  for  the  fifty-fourth  congress;  and 
was  elected  as  a  democrat  to  tne  fifty-fifth 
congress. 


McALESTER,  MILES  DANIEL,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  March  21,  1832, 
in  New  York.  He  served  with  distinction 
through  the  civil  war;  and  attained  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  He  died  April 
23,  1869,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

MCALLISTER,  ARCHIBALD,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1814,  in 
Dauphin  county,  Pa.  In  1862  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  thirty-eignth  congress.  He  died  July 

18,  1883. 

MCALLISTER,     MATTHEW     HALL, 

lawyer,  jurist,  legislator,  state  senator, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1800,  in  Savan 
nah,  Ga.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
district  attorney  for  Georgia.  He  was  for 
some  years  mayor  of  Savannah,  Ga.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1835; 
and  was  a  state  senator  for  five  years, 
and  caused  the  establishment  of  the  court 
of  errors.  In  1850  he  moved  his  famny 
to  California;  and  from  18a5  to  1862  was 
United  States  circuit  judge  of  that  state. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  niulogy  on  Presi 
dent  Jackson,  and  a  volume  of  legal  opin 
ions  published  by  his  son.  He  died  Dec. 

19,  1865,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

MCALLISTER,  ROBERT,  soldier,  was 

born  June  1,  1813,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
entered  the  civil  war  as  colonel  of  the 
eleventh  New  Jersey  volunteers;  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  in  1863;  and 
1864  attained  the  rank  of  major-general. 
He  died  Feb.  23,  1891,  in  Belvidere,  N.  J. 

MCALLISTER,  WARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 

was  born  July  27,  1855,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 
He  was  assistant  district  attorney  for 
California  in  1882-85;  and  then  became 
judge  of  the  United  States  court  for  the 
territory  of  Alaska. 

McANALLY,  DAVID  RICE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1810,  in  Granger 
county,  Tenn.  He  is  a  methodist  clergy 
man,  prominent  in  St.  Louis  and  else 
where  in  the  southwest,  who,  besides  a 
History  of  Methodism  in  Missouri,  has 
written  a  number  of  lives  of  methodist 
bishops. 

McARTHUR,  DUNCAN,  soldier,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born  in 
1772,  in  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.  In  1805 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  legislature; 
in  1806  was  appointed  colonel,  and  in  1808 
major-general  of  the  state  militia.  In 
1815  he  was  again  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature.  In  1816  he  was  appointed  com 
missioner  to  conclude  treaties  with  the 
Indians.  From  1817  to  1819  he  was  in  the 
legislature;  was  speaker  of  the  house  in 
1817;  and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Ohio  from  1823  to  1825.  In  1830  he 
was  chosen  governor  of  the  state,  which 
position  he  held  until  1833.  He  died  April 
28,  1839,  near  Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

McARTHUR,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born 
Nov.  17,  1826,  in  Erskine,  Scotland.  When 
the  civil  war  began  he  joined  the  twelfth 
Illinois  volunteers,  with  a  company  of 
which  he  was  captain,  and  for  his  gal 
lantry  was  promoted  brigadier-general  in 
1862.  He  was  postmaster  in  Chicago  in 
1873-77. 

McAUSLAN,  JOHN,  merchant,  was 
born  Aug.  10,  1835,  in  Scotland.  In  1866 
he  removed  to  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  es 
tablished  the  Boston  Store,  a  mercantile 
house,  which  has  been  a  success  from  the 
start. 

McBETH,  ROBERT  C.,  lawyer,  Jurist, 
was  born  Oct.  4,  1»38,  in  Harrison  county, 
Ohio.  He  has  served  as  judge  of  common 
pleas  of  Henry  county.  Mo.  He  was 
mayor  of  his  city,  and  a  delegate  to  the 
republican  national  convention  in  1880, 
held  in  Chicago,  where  he  was  one  of  the 
three  hundred  and  six  for  Grant. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


629 


McBRIDE,  GEORGE  W.,  merchant, 
lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  13,  1854,  in  Yamhill  county,  Ore. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of  the  legislative  as 
sembly  of  Oregon  in  1882;  and  was  elected 
speaker  of  the  house.  He  was  elected  sec 
retary  of  state  in  1886;  was  re-elected  in 
1890  and  served  eight  years,  his  second 
term  ending  in  1895.  He  was  elected 
United  States  senator  as  a  republican  Feb. 
23,  1895.  His  term  of  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1901. 

McBRIDE,  JAMES,  author,  was  born 
iu  1788,  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  writer 
01  Hamilton,  Ohio,  and  the  author  of  Pi 
oneer  Biography.  He  died  in  1859. 

McBRIDE,  JAMES  HENRY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  about  1815,  in  Kentucky. 
When  the  civil  war  began  he  recruited  a 
brigade,  and  was  afterward  commissioned 
as  brigadier-general  in  the  confederate 
service.  He  died  in  1862,  in  Pocahontas, 
Ark. 

McBRIDE,  JOHN  McLAREN,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1846. 
in  Abbeville,  S.  C.  In  1888  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  college  of  South  Caro 
lina,  which  position  he  still  holds. 

McBRIDE,  JOHN  ROGERS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  22,  1832,  in  Franklin  county, 
Mo.  In  1854  he  was  chosen  superintend 
ent  or  common  schools  of  Oregon.  He 
was  chosen  to  the  state  senate  for  four 
years  after  its  adoption:  and  in  1862  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Oregon  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  chief  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Idaho.  He  now  resides  in  Spokane, 
Wash.,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law. 

McBRIDE,  MRS.  MAGGIE  F.,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  31,  1863,  in  Canada.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 

McBROOM,  JAMEri  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  April  10,  1835,  in  Prince 
George  county,  Va.  He  served  four  years 
in  the  confederate  army;  was  first  lieu 
tenant  in  1862,  in  company  C,  sixth  Vir 
ginia  battalion;  was  subsequently  elected 
captain  of  a  battery;  and  served  in  plac 
ing  torpedoes  in  James  river,  below  Rich 
mond.  In  1864  he  was  put  in  charge  of 
scouts,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  un 
til  the  close  of  the  war.  He  then  entered 
educational  work;  was  subsequently  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  elected  common 
wealth  attorney  for  several  counties.  He 
served* with  distinction  as  judge  of  Rus 
sell  county,  Va.;  and  subsequently  was 
appointed  judge  of  Washington  county. 

McCABE,  JAMES  BUCHANAN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1856,  in  Leesburg, 
Va.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  his  na 
tive  city;  was  judge  of  the  county  court 
during  1880-86;  and  since  1887  has  been 
the  commonwealth's  attorney  of  Loudoun 
county,  Va. 

McCABE,  JAMES  DABNEY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  15,  1808,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.  He  edited  tne  Olive  Branch, 
and  also  the  Odd-Fellows'  Magazine,  and 
published  a  Masonic  Text  Book.  He  died 
Aug.  1,  1875,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

McCABE,  JAMES  DABNEY,  author, 
was  born  July  30,  1842,  in  Richmond,  Va. 
He  was  a  versatile  and  prolific  southern 
writer,  whose  principal  work  is  a  Life  of 
General  Robert  Lee,  while  among  his 
many  others  are.  Planting  the  Wilder 
ness;  History  of  the  War  Between  France 
and  Germany;  History  of  the  Turko- 
Russian  War;  Paris  by  Sunlight  and  Gas 
light;  Our  Young  Folks  Abroad;  The 
Great  Republic;  Lights  and  Shadows  .of 
New  York  Life;  and  Centennial  History 
of  the  United  States.  He  died  Jan.  27 
1883,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 


McCABE,  JOHN  COLLINS,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1810,  in 
Richmond,  Va.  He  contributed  a  poem 
to  the  first  number  of  the  Southern  Lit 
erary  Messenger  in  Virginia,  and  wrote 
constantly  for  it  and  other  magazines 
poems,  essays  and  papers  on  colonial  his 
tory.  He  died  Feb.  26,  1875,  in  Chambers- 
burg,  Pa. 

McCABE,  RUDOLPH  TAYLOR,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  April  4,  1847,  in 
Duncansville,  Pa.  He  was  president  of  the 
Iron  Structural  Steel  company  of  Duluth, 
Minn.,  also  president  of  the  Central  Penn 
sylvania  and  Western  railroad. 

McCABE,  WILLIAM  GORDON,  soldier, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1841, 
in  Richmond,  Va.  He  is  a  confederate 
officer;  since  1888  head  master  of  a  school 
in  Petersburg,  Va.,  and  the  author  of  The 
Defence  of  Petersburg;  and  A  Latin 
Grammar. 

McCALEB,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  31,  1870,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  He  is  the  author  of  the  Louisiana 
Book,  containing  selections  from  the  lit 
erature  of  the  state,  together  with  bio 
graphical  sketches  of  tne  most  prominent 
writers  of  Louisiana. 

McCALL,  GEORGE  ARCHIBALD,  sol 
dier,  statesman,  author,  was  born  March 
16,  1802,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a 
soldier  of  Philadel 
phia,  who  served  in 
the  Mexican  war, 
and  in  the  civil  war 
was  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers  in 
the  federal  army.  He 
was  the  author  of 
Letters  from  the 
ft  l^pP^'A  I  Frontier.  He  was 
^^P^^^B  I  presented  with  a 
sword  by  the  citi 
zens  of  his  county. 
In  1862  he  was  a 
democratic  candidate  for  congress.  He 
died  Feb.  26,  1868,  in  West  Chester,  Pa. 

McCALL,  HUGH,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  in  1767,  in  South  Carolina.  He  was 
a  United  States  army  officer,  and  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  Georgia.  He  died  July 
9,  1824,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

McCALL,  JOHN  CADWALADER,  law 
yer,  author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1793, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  The 
Troubadour,  and  Other  Poems;  and  Fleu- 
rette,  and  other  rhymes,  tie  died  Oct.  3, 
1846,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

McCALL,  JOHN  ETHERIDGE,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  14, 
1859,  in  Clarksburg,  'ienn.    He  represent 
ed   Henderson  coun 
ty  in  the  Tennessee 
legislature    in    1887; 
and  was  re-elected  in 
1889.  Hewasappoint- 
ed    assistant   United 
States  district  attor 
ney  for  west  Tennes 
see    in    1890,    which 
office  he  resigned  in 
1891;     and    was    an 
unsuccessful     candi 
date     for     governor 
before     the     repub 
lican  state  convention   in  1892.     He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth   congress  as  a 
republican. 

McCALL,  PETER,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  31,  1809,  in  Trenton,  N.  J.  He 
was  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Philadelphia, 
mayor  of  that  city  in  1844-45,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Rise  and  Progress  of  Civil  Society; 
and  History  of  Pennsylvania  Law  and 
Equity.  He  died  Oct.  30,  1880,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 


McCALL,  SAMUEL  WALKER,  journal 
ist,  lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  28,  1851,  in  East  Providence, 
Pa.  He  was  the  editor  of  the  Boston 
Daily  Advertiser;  and  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  1888,  1S89,  and  1892.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses;  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

McCALLA,  DAMEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1748,  in  Neshaminy,  Pa.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  as  a  presbyterian  in 
1772,  and  two  years  later  ordained  pastor 
of  the  churches  at  New  Providence  and 
Charleston,  Pa.,  where  he  preached  till 
the  revolution.  He  was  then  appointed 
a  chaplain  in  the  continental  army.  He 
died  April  6,  1809,  in  Wappetaw;  S.  C. 

McCALLA,  WILLIAM  LATTA,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1788,  in 
Lexington,  Ky.  He  was  settled  over  Pres 
byterian  churches  in  Augusta,  Ky.,  in 
1819,  and  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  much  of  the 
time  from  1823  to  1854.  He  published 
many  sermons  and  essays,  The  Doctorate 
of  Divinity;  Adventures  iu  Texas,  Chiefly 
in  1840;  and  a  collection  of  psalms  and 
hymns  in  French.  He  died  Oct.  12,  1859, 
in  Louisiana. 

McCALLUM,  DANIEL  CRAIG,  soldier, 
military  engineer,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1815, 
in  Scotland.  In  1862  he  was  appointed 
director  of  all  the  military  railroads  in 
the  United  States,  With  the  staff  rank  of 
colonel;  and  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general.  He  died  Dec.  27,  1878,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

McCALMONT,  JOHN  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born  April  12, 
1822,  in  Franklin,  Pa.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Pennsylvania  state  legis 
lature  in  1849  and  1850,  serving  as  speaker 
during  the  latter  year;  and  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  18o2.  In  1853  he  was 
appointed  president  judge  of  the  eig^c- 
eenth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
elected  for  a  full  term  of  ten  years.  He 
resigned  in  1861  to  take  command  of  the 
tenth  regiment  Pennsylvania  reserve  vol 
unteers.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  com 
missioner  of  customs  in  the  United  States 
treasury  department. 

McCANN,  JAMES,  educator,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  in  1836,  in  Allegheny 
county,  Pa.  He  was  in  the  medical  serv 
ice  of  the  fifth  Pennsylvania  volunteer 
infantry  during  the  civil  war;  and  subse 
quently  continued  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  organized  the  first 
medical  college  in  western  Pennsylvania. 
He  died  in  1893,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

McCANN,  WILLIAM  PENN,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  May  4,  1830,  in  Paris,  Ky. 
he  was  appointed  midshipman  in  the 
United  States  navy  in  1848,  and,  naving 
been  promoted  through  the  various 
grades,  became  lieutenant-commander  in 
1862. 

MCCARTHY,  DANIEL,  merchant,  poet, 

was  born  Nov.  15,  1850,  in  Ireland.    Since 

1863  he  has  been  a  successful  merchant  of 

Sandusky,  Ohio.    He 

has    written    exten- 

HMP^,          sively      both      prose 

9k        and     verse    for    the 

l__    ^^       ^L       periodical  press  and 

SJ^'^Cfc.  Ill      some    of    his    poems 

*%V       have     appeared      in 

I    Poets     of     America 

^8)^,        '      I    and    other    standard 

I    works.    He  takes  an 

^k         active     part    in   .the 

ff/t£  _J^^^    public   affairs  of  his 

I    city,      county      and 

^ ,^H     W.   state;   and  has  filled 

several  public  offices  of  honor. 


630 


HERRINCJSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MCCARTHY,  DENNIS,  manufacturer, 
legislator,  state  senator,  was  born  March 
19,  1814,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  In  1846  he 
was  elected  to  the  New  York  state  legis 
lature;  in  1853  was  mayor  of  Syracuse; 
and  was  elected  a .  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first 
congresses.  In  1875  he  was  elected  to  the 
senate  of  New  lork;  remained  in  the  sen 
ate,  by  re-election,  unul  1885;  and  in  1881 
was  chosen  president  of  the  senate  pro 
tern.  He  died  *eb.  14,  1886. 

McCARTY,  ANDREW  Z.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  assembly  in  1848; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1855  to  1857. 

McCARTY,  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Tennessee.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  In 
diana  from  1831  to  1837.  He  died  in  1855, 
in  Iowa. 

McCARTY,  RICHARD,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1821  to  1823. 

McCARTY,  WILLIAM  M.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1840  to  1841. 

McCARTY,  WILLIAM  MONROE,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  May  18,  1816, 
in  Brookville,  Ind.  He  was  president 
judge  of  the  thirteenth  circuit  of  Indi 
ana  in  1850-55;  and  in  1861  was  chosen 
United  States  senator,  but  failed  to  ob 
tain  his  seat. 

McCAULEY,  CHARLES  ADAM  HOKE, 
soldier,  inventor,  was  born  July  13,  1847, 
in  Middletown,  Md.  Since  1881  he  has 
been  stationed  at  various  posts  in  the 
western  states,  becoming  in  October  dis 
bursing  quartermaster  at  Chicago,  111.  He 
invented  in  1871  the  military  system  of 
signaling  by  means  of  mirrors. 

McCAULEY,  CHARLES  STEWART, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1793,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  served  on  the  Con 
stellation  in  1813.  He  was  placed  on  the 
retired  list  in  1861,  and  promoted  com 
modore.  He  died  May  21,  1869,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

McCAULEY.  EDWARD  YORKE,  naval 
officer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1826,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  appointed  mid 
shipman  in  the  navy  in  1841,  and  pro 
moted  lieutenant  in  1855.  In  1886  Ad 
miral  McCauley  commanded  the  Pacific 
station,  and  in  February,  1887,  he  was  re 
tired.  He  has  published  the  Egyptian 
Manual  and  Dictionary. 

McCAULEY,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  23, 
1809,  in  Cecil  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
county  surveyor  and  register  of  wills;  has 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Maryland  state 
legislature;  and  was  five  times  elected 
judge.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  I^eeds,  Md.; 
contributed  extensively  both  prose  and 
verse  to  current  literature. 

McCAULEY,  JAMES  ANDREW,  college 
president,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1822,  in  Cecil 
county,  Md.  In  1872  he  was  elected  pres 
ident  of  Dickinson  college,  resigning  in 
1888. 

McCAUSLEN,  WILLIAM  C.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Ohio,  he  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1843  to  1845. 

McCAW,  JAMES  BROWN,  surgeon, 
was  born  in  i772,  in  Virginia.  He  was  the 
leading  surgeon  of  eastern  Virginia  for 
over  thirty  years.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
to  tie  the  external  carotid  artery,  an  oper 
ation  he  performed  in  1807.  He  died  in 
1846,  in  Richmond,  Va. 


McCAY,  HENRY  KENT,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1820,  in 
Northumberland  county,  Pa.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Georgia,  which  position  he  held  for  near 
ly  eight  years,  when  he  resigned  and  be 
gan  the  practice  of  law  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 
In  1882  he  was  appointed  United  States 
district  judge  for  the  northern  district 
of  Georgia.  He  died  July  30,  1886,  in 
Atlanta,  Ga. 

McCEMAS,  LOUIS  E.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1846,  in  Williams- 
port,  Md.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Maryland  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress. 

McCLAIN,  EMLIN,  soldier,  educator, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1851,  in 
Salem,  Ohio.  He  has  been  a  teacher  of 
law  since  1881,  and  chancellor  of  the  law 
department  of  his  alma  mater;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Iowa  code  commission;  and  the 
author  of  several  law  books. 

McCLAMMY,  CHARLES  W.,  soldier, 
farmer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  29,  1839,  in  Scotts  hill,  N.  C. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of 
commons  of  North  Carolina  in  1866,  and 
of  the  state  senate  in  1871 ;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fiftieth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

McCLARY,  JOHN  KENNEDY,  farmer 
educator,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born 
April  7,  1834,  in  Garrard  county,  Ky.  In 
his  early  days  he 
taught  school;  has 
been  sheriff;  master 
commissioner;  and 
census  enumerator. 
In  1867  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  state  leg 
islature  as  a  repub 
lican;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  that  office 
the  following  term, 
and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  delibera 
tions  of  that  body.  In  1868  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  national  republican  conven 
tion  which  nominated  General  Grant  for 
president.  He  has  been  a  county  sur 
veyor;  merchant;  farmer;  and  now  prac 
tices  law  in  Mount  Vernon,  Ky. 

McCLATCHEY,  ROBERT  J.,  physician, 
journalist,  was  born  April  6,  1836.  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  successful  phy 
sician  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  1871  pre 
pared  and  published  a  revision  of  Laurie's 
Domestic  Medicine.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1883, 
in  Philadelphia. 

McCLEAN,  MOSES,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1804,  in  Get 
tysburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1845  to 
1847;  in  1855  was  elected  to  the  state  leg 
islature;  and  was  for  several  years  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Pennsyl 
vania  college.  He  died  Oct.  1,  1870,  in 
Gettysburg,  Pa. 

McCLEARY,  JAMES  THOMPSON,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1853,  in  In- 
gersoll,  Ontario.  For  two  years  he  was 
superintendent  of  Pierce  county  schools; 
resigned  in  1881  to  become  state  institute 
conductor  of  Minnesota  and  professor  of 
history  and  political  science  in  the  State 
Normal  school  at  Mankato,  continuing  in 
this  position  until  june,  1892.  In  1888  he 
published  Studies  in  Civics,  and  in  1894 
a  Manual  of  Civics,  which  are  used  in  the 
best  schools  of  the  country.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses;  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 


McCLELLAN,  ABRAHAM,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1837  to  1843. 

McCLELLAN.  CARSWELL,  civil  engi 
neer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1835,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  topograph 
ical  assistant  on  the  staff  of  General  A.  A. 
Humphreys  in  the  civil  war.  Afterward 
a  civil  engineer  in  railroad  and  govern 
ment  service.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Personal  Memoirs  and  Military  History  of 
U.  S.  Grant  versus  The  Record  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  died  in  1892. 
McCLELLAN,  CHARLES  A.  O.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  May  25, 
1835,  in  Ashland,  Ohio.  For  two  years 
In-  gave  inslnii-tinii 
in  penmanship.  For 
four  years  he  was 
deputy  auditor  of  De 
Kalb  county,  Ind., 
and  in  1860  was  ap 
pointed  United 
States  deputy  mar 
shal.  In  1862  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  and  in  1872  was 
appointed  judge  of 
the  fortieth  judicial 
circuit  of  Indiana. 
In  1873  he  established  the  De  Kalb  bank 
of  Waterloo;  and  since  1885  has  been 
president  of  ihe  First  National  bank  of 
Auburn,  Ind.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  and  fifty-second  congresses. 

McCLELLAN,  ELY,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1834,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  assistant  medical  director  in 
the  United  States  army;  and  the  author 
of  The  Cholera  Epidemic  of  1873  in  the 
United  States. 

McCLELLAN,  GEORGE,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1796,  in  Wood 
stock,  Conn.  He  was  a  noted  surgeon  of 
Philadelphia,  professor  of  surgery  in  Jef 
ferson  Medical  college,  for  which  institu 
tion  he  obtained  the  charter.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Surgery.  He  died  May  9,  1847,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

McCLELLAN,  GEOrtGE  B.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  23, 
1865,  in  Saxony.  »  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  from  New  York; 
was  renominated  by  the  democratic  party 
and  nominated  by  tne  national  democratic 
party,  and  re-elected  10  the  fifty-nfth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

McCLELLAN,  GEORGE  BRINTON, 
soldier,  governor,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
3,  1826,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  entered 
West  Point  as  an  in 
structor,  and  pre 
pared  a  Manual  on 
Bayonet  Exercise, 
wnich  became  a  text 
book  in  the  service. 
When  the  rebellion 
commenced  lie  was 
appointed  major- 
general  of  volun 
teers  in  Ohio;  was 
soon  made  major- 
general  in  the  regu 
lar  army,  and  on  the 
retirement  of  General  Scott  was  made 
general-iii-chief  01  the  American  army. 
He  commanded  the  army  of  the  Potomac 
in  the  protracted  peninsula  campaign; 
won  the  battle  of  Antietam;  and  resigned 
from  the  army  in  1864.  He  was  the  demo 
cratic  candidate  ior  president,  but  was 
defeated  by  Abraham  Lincoln,  who  was 
re-elected.  He  published  a  number  of 
books  on  military  matters,  and  a  Report 
on  the  Organization  and  Campaigns  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  New  Jersey  from  1878  to  1881. 
He  died  Oct.  29,  1885. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


631 


McCLELLAN,  HENRY  BRAINERD, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1840,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  major  in  the 
confederate  service  during  the  civil  war, 
and  published  an  admirable  Life  of  Ma- 
jor-General  J.  E.  B.  Stuart. 

McCLELLAN,  KOBERT,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1805,  in  Schoharie  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1837  to  1839, 
and  again  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died  in 
1860. 

MCCLELLAND,  ALEXANDER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1795,  in  Schen- 
ectady,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  reformed  pres- 
byterian  clergyman  and  educator,  and  the 
author  of  Canon  anu  Interpretation  of 
Scripture;  and  Sermons.  He  died  Dec. 
19,  1864,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

MCCLELLAND,  JAMES  HENDERSON, 

surgeon,  educator,  journalist,  was  born 
May  20,  1845,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  be 
came  professor  of  surgery  in  the  Hahne- 
mann  college  of  Philadelphia,  in  1876. 
He  has  contributed  much  to  various  med 
ical  journals,  including  papers  on  Hip- 
joint  Amputations;  Bone  Diseases;  and 
Excision  of  the  Kidney. 

MCCLELLAND,   MARY   GREENWAY, 

author,  was  born  in  Norwood,  Va.  She  is 
the  author  of  Oblivion;  Princess;  and 
many  other  noted  novels. 

MCCLELLAND,  MILO  ADAMS,  soldier, 

physician,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1837,  in 
Sharon,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  physician 
of  Knoxville,  111.  During  the  war  he 
served  in  company  G,  sixty-ninth  regi 
ment  Illinois  volunteer  infantry.  For 
twenty  years  he  has  been  county  physi 
cian;  has  been  resident  physician  to  St. 
Mary's  school  of  Knoxville,  111.;  president 
of  the  Military  Tract  Medical  society; 
and  vice-president  of  the  Illinois,  New 
York,  and  local  medical  societies.  He  is 
the  author  of  Civil  Malpractice,  a  treatise 
on  surgical  jurisprudence. 

MCCLELLAND,  RAYMOND  G.,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Nov.  14,  1848,  in  Mt.  Jackson,  Pa.  This 
eminent  clergyman  and  educator  is  the 
president  of  the  Grand  River  institute  of 
Ohio. 

MCCLELLAND,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Aug.  1,  1807,  in  Greencastle,  Pa.  He 
served  for  several  years  in  the  Michigan 
legislature;  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1843  to  1849.  He  was  governor 
of  Michigan  in  1852  and  1853;  and  in  1853 
was  appointed  secretary  of  the  interior 
department.  He  subsequently  settled  in 
Detroit  and  practiced  his  profession  there. 
He  died  Aug.  27,  1880,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

MCCLELLAND,     WILLIAM,     soldier, 

lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  March  2, 
1842,  in  Mount  Jackson,  Pa.  He  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  the  first  artillery,  and 
served  over  four  years,  becoming  com 
mander;  and  participated  in  all  the  bat 
tles  fought  oy  the  army  of  the  Potomac. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

McCLENACHAN,  BLAIR,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1797  to 
1799. 

McCLENACHAN,  CHARLES  THOMP 
SON,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  13, 
1829,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is  a  law 
yer  of  New  York  city,  long  employed  in 
the  department  of  public  works,  and  the 
author  of  I^aw  of  ^ne  Fire  Department; 
The  Atlantic  Cable  of  1858;  and  Book  of 
the  Ancient  Accepted  Rite  of  Scottish 
Freemasonry. 

McCLENE,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
continental  congress  from  ^78  to  1780. 


McCLERNAND,  JOHN  A.,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  May  30, 
1812,  in  Breckenridge  county,  Ky.  He 
was  elected  to  con 
gress  from  Illinois, 
and  served  as  a  rep 
resentative  until 
1851.  Before  going 
to  congress  he  had 
been  elected  to  the 
state  legislature.  In 
1859  he  was  again 
elected  to  congress; 
and  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-seventh 

congress,      but      re 
signed  to  accept  the 

commission  of  brigadier-general  in  the 
union  army  in  1861.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  national  union  con 
vention  of  1806. 

McCLINTOCK,  JOHN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  2<",  1814,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman 
of  New  York  city, 
professor  in  Drew 
Theological  semi 
nary  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  He  is  best 
known  by  the  Theo 
logical  and  Biblical 
Cyclopaedia  which 
he  began  with  James 
Strong;  but  he  was 
the  author,  also,  of 
Living  Words;  and 
Lectures  on  Theo 
logical  E  n  c  y  c  1  o- 

psedia  and  Methodology.  He  died  March 
4,  1870,  in  Madison,  N.  J. 

McCLINTON,  JAMES  GILES,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  7, 
1838,  in  Henderson  county,  111.  He  has 
served  as  state  senator  in  Nevada;  and 
for  many  yearsthe  was  judge  of  the  eighth 
judicial  district  of  that  state.  He  is  now 
serving  his  third  term  as  superior  judge 
at  Port  Angeles,  Wash. 

McCLOSKEY,  JOHN,  cardinal,  was 
born  March  20,  1810,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
He  founded  the  theological  seminary  at 
Troy;  and  erected 
St.  Mary's  cathedral 
at  Albany.  In  1864 
he  was  installed  as 
archbishop  of  the 
arch  diocese  of  New 
York,  and  in  1879 
was  elevated  to  the 
dignity  of  cardinal 
in  the  consistory 
then  held  at  the  Vat 
ican,  being  the  first 
American  prelate  to 
be  thus  honored.  In 
1884  the  golden  anniversary  of  his  eleva 
tion  to  the  priesthood  was  celebrated  in 
New  York  city.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1885, 
in  New  York  city. 

McCLOSKEY,  JOHN,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  in  1817,  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  ordained  in  1840;  attached 
himself  to  the  faculty  of  St.  Mary's.  He 
was  elected  vice-president  and  treasurer 
in  1844,  and  became  president  in  1871. 
He  resigned  in  1877,  but  was  again  called 
to  the  presidency  in  1879,  which  office  he 
held  until  his  death.  He  died  Dec.  24, 
1880,  in  Emmettsburg,  Md. 

•  McCLOSKEY,  WILLIAM  GEORGE, 
bishop,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1823,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  In  1859  Pope  Pius  IX  made 
him  the  first  president  of  the  American 
college  in  Rome,  which  had  just  been 
founded  by  that  pontiff.  Here  he  presided 
with  great  success  for  several  years;  un 
til  he  was  appointed  to  the  see  of  Louis 
ville,  Ky.,  in  1868. 


H 


McCLUNEY,  WILLIAM  J.,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  about  1(96.  He  was  ap 
pointed  midshipman  in  the  United  States 
navy  in  1812.  In  1858  he  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  Atlantic  squadron,  which 
office  he  held  until  1860.  He  was  com 
missioned  commodore  in  1862.  He  died 
Feb.  11,  1864,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

McCLUNG,  JOHN  ALEXANDER,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1804, 
in  Washington,  Ky.  He  was  pastor  of  a 
presbyterian  churcn  in  Indianapolis  in 
1851-57,  and  then  of  one  in  Maysville, 
Ky.,  until  his  death  by  drowning.  He 
wrote  Sketches  of  Western  Adventures. 
He  died  Aug.  7.  1859,  in  Niagara  river. 

McCLUNG,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  journal 
ist,  author,  philanthropist,  was  born  Nov. 
21,  1826,  near  Maysville,  Ky.  In  1855  he 
moved  to  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  where  in  1869 
he  organized  the 
first  building  associ 
ation  west  of  Chi 
cago,  anu  managed 
it  until  his  death  on 
May  27,  1888.  He 
was  known  as  the 
father  of  these  asso 
ciations  '  in  the 
Northwest.  During 
8-70  he  was  ed 
itor  of  the  Pioneer, 
now  the  Pioneer  Press;  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  work  entitled  Minnesota  as  it 
is  in  1870,  which  was  a  great  success 
financially  and  otherwise.  From  1871  ne 
was  a  member  of  the  St.  faul  Chamber  of 
Commerce;  was  prominent  in  public  af 
fairs;  and  Como  Park  especially  was  the 
result  of  his  first  park  agitation. 

McCLURE,  ADDISON  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  journalist,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  10,  1839,  in  Woosuer,  Ohio.  He  ed 
ited  the  Wooster  Republican  newspaper 
from  1870  to  ISoO.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-sev 
enth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

McCLURE,  ALEXANDER  KELLY, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1828, 
in  Sherman's  Valley,  Pa.  In  1846  he  be 
gan  the  publication 
of  the  Sentinel,  a 
whig  journal  of  Mif- 
flin,  Pa.  In  1850  he 
sold  that  publication 
and  purchased  an 
interest  in  the 
Chambersburg  Re 
pository,  which  he 
made  one  of  the 
most  noted  anti- 
Siavery  journals  in 
the  state.  In  1855 
he  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  that  organized  the  repub 
lican  party,  and  in  the  following  year  was 
a  delegate  to  the  nationa,  convention  that 
nominated  Fremont  for  the  presidency. 
In  1856  he  sold  the  Repository,  and  was 
shortly  afterward  admitted  to  the  bar. 
In  1857-58  he  was  chosen  to  the  Penn 
sylvania  state  legislature,  and  in  1859  to 
the  senate.  In  1868  he  settled  in  Phila 
delphia,  and  the  lollowing  year  estab 
lished  the  Times,  a  daily  newspaper,  and 
since  its  foundation  he  has  been  its  ed 
itor-in-chief.  He  is  the  author  of  Three 
Thousand  Miles  Through  the  Rocky 
Mountains;  The  South;  and  other  works. 

McCLURE,  ALEXANDER  WILSON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  May  8,  1808, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  of  Boston,  among  whose 
writings  are,  Lectures  on  Ultra  Univer- 
salism;  and  Life  of  Joan  Cotton.  He  died 
Sept.  20,  1865,  in  Canonsburg,  Pa. 


632 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


McCLURE,  CHARLES,  soldier,  pay 
master,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1838,  in  Car 
lisle,  Pa.  He  served  during  the  civil  war 
in  the  army  of  the  Potomac;  and  at  Gen 
eral  Grant's  headquarters  as  inspector 
of  the  commissary  department  of  the 
armies  operating  against  Richmond;  and 
was  brevetted  colonel  United  States  vol 
unteer  infantry.  He  is  now  major  and 
paymaster  United  States  army  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

McCLURE,  GEORGE,  soldier,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  in  1771,  in  Ireland. 
He  settled  in  Bath,  N.  Y.,  where  he  stud 
ied  law,  and  was  successively  a  member 
of  the  legislature,  sheriff,  surrogate,  and 
judge  of  Steuben  county.  He  volunteered 
in  the  war  of  1812,  and  in  1813  commanded 
a  brigade  on  the  Buffalo  frontier.  He 
died  Aug.  16,  1851,  in  Elgin,  111. 

McCLURE,  SAMUEL  GRANT,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1863,  in  Wayne  coun 
ty,  Ohio.  For  six  years  he  was  the  edi 
torial  writer  on  the  Cleveland  Leader; 
and  since  1896  has  been  editor-in-chief 
and  general  manager  of  the  Ohio  State 
Journal  of  Columbus. 

McCLURG,  ALEXANDER  CALD- 
WELL,  soldier,  publisher,  was  born  about 
1835,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  left  the 
house  of  S.  C.  Griggs  and  Co.,  booksellers 
of  Chicago,  to  enter  the  national  army 
as  a  private  in  1862;  was  brevetted  col 
onel  and  brigadier-general.  After  the  war 
he  returned  to  the  book  business  in  Chi 
cago,  becoming  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Jansen,  McClurg  and  Co.;  and  the  house 
is  now  widely  known  under  the  name  of 
A.  C.  McClurg  and  Co.,  booksellers  and 
publishers. 

McCLURG,  JAMES,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1747,  in  Hampton,  Va.  He  pub 
lished  an  Essay  on  the  Human  Bile, 
which  was  translated  into  several  lan 
guages.  He  is  also  the  author  of  a  paper 
on  Reasoning  in  Medicine,  in  the  Phila 
delphia  Journal  of  the  Medical  Physical 
Sciences.  He  died  July  9,  1825,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va. 

McCLURG,  JOSEPH  WASHINGTON, 
soldier,  merchant,  lawyer,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1818,  in  St. 
Louis  county,  Mo.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  state  convention  in  1862; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  and 
fortieth  congresses.  In  1868  he  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  Missouri. 

McCLUSKEY,  JOHN  DANIEL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1841, 
in  Newburg,  Ala.  He  was  an  officer  in 
the  confederate  army;  has  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Alabama 
state  legislature;  and  since  1865  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  every  presidential  cam 
paign  in  the  interest  of  the  democratic 
party.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  his  native  state,  and  has  a  large 
practice  in  Vernon. 

McCOID,  MOSES  A.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  5,  1840,  in  Logan  county,  Ohio. 
He  was  district  attorney  of  the  sixth  ju 
dicial  district  of  Iowa  from  1867  to  1871; 
he  was  state  senator  from  1872  to  1879; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Iowa  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh  and 
forty-eighth  congresses. 

McCOLL,  EVAN,  poet,  was  born  Sept. 
21,  1808,  in  Scotland.  He  is  a  successful 
writer  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  two  volumes  of  poems,  entitled 
The  Mountain  Minstrel;  and  Poems  and 
Songs. 


McCOLLESTER,  SULLIVAN  HOL- 
MAN,  educator,  clergyman,  lecturer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1826,  in  Marlborough, 
N.  H.  He  received 
a  liberal  education, 
and  the  degrees  of 
A.  B.  and  A.  M.  were 
conferred  on  him  by 
the  Norwich  univer- 
^^  sity,  Vt.  He  studied 
Greek  at  the  Har 
vard  university,  and 
took  a  theological 
course  in  the  Har 
vard  Divinity 
school;  and  in  1853 
was  ordained  a  uni- 
versalist  minister.  He  then  entered 
educational  work,  was  principal  in 
several  large  institutions,  and  was  made 
president  of  the  state  board  of  edu 
cation  in  New  Hampshire  for  four 
years.  He  has  lectured  extensively  on 
education,  temperance,  foreign  travels 
and  peoples.  He  has  visited  Europe  five 
times;  Egypt,  Palestine  and  Turkey  three 
times;  made  a  tour  round  the  world;  been 
the  length  and  breadth  of  his  own  coun 
try  and  through  Mexico.  During  his  trav 
els  he  has  been  a  correspondent  for  the 
Boston  Journal,  Transcript,  Journal  of 
Education,  Christian  Leader,  Gospel  Ban 
ner,  New  Hampshire  Sentinel,  Monitor, 
Republican,  and  other  journals.  He  has 
published  After  Thoughts  of  Capital  Cit 
ies  and  Foreign  Lands;  Round  the  Globe 
in  Old  and  New  Paths;  Babylon  and  Nin 
eveh  Through  Amencan  Eyes;  and  Mex 
ico,  Modern  and  Ancient. 

McCOMAS,  LOUIS  EMORY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Maryland.  He  was  a  republican 
candidate  from  Marylana  to  ine  forty- 
fifth  congress;  and  was  elected  to  the  for 
ty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  and  fifty- 
first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

McCOMAS,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1833  to  1837. 

McCOMB,  ELEAZER,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  Delaware  from  1782  to  1784. 

McCONAUGHY,  DAVID,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
29,  1775,  in  Menallen,  Pa.  From  1832  till 
1849  he  was  president  of  Washington  col 
lege.  He  published  sermons  and  ad 
dresses,  tracts  on  the  Doctrine  of  the 
Trinity;  and  on  Infant  Baptism;  A  Brief 
Summary  and  Outline  of  Moral  Science; 
and  Discourses,  Chiefly  Biographical,  of 
Persons  Eminent  in  Sacred  History.  He 
died  Jan.  29,  1852,  in  Washington,  Pa. 

McCONAUGHY,  FRANKLIN  ALEX 
ANDER,  lawyer,  ponucian,  was  born  Dec. 
25,  1849,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  and  private  schools;  and  in 
1869  graduated  from  the  McKendree  col 
lege  of  Lebanon,  III.,  with  the  degree  of 
A.  B.;  and  subsequently  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the 
same  institution.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  of  Belleville,  111.;  has  been  city  at 
torney;  and  in  1876  was  candidate  for 
state's  attorney.  He  practices  in  the  state 
and  federal  courts;  and  has  always  taken 
a  prominent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of 
his  county  and  state. 

McCONNEL,  JOHN  LUDLAM,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1826,  in  Jack 
sonville,  111.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  novelist 
of  Jacksonville,  111.,  who  was  a  soldier  in 
the  Mexican  war.  His  fictions  are  stu 
dies  of  Western  life.  Talbot  and  Vernon; 
Grahame.  or  Youth  and  Manhood;  The 
Glenns;  and  Western  Characters. 


McCONNELL,  FELIX  G.,  mechanic, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1810, 
in  Lincoln  county,  Tenn.  In  1824  he 
moved  to  Talladega  county,  Ala.,  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1843  to  1846.  He  died  by  his 
own  hand  in  September,  1846,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

McCONNELL,  SAMUEL  D.,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1846,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  promi 
nence  as  an  independent  thinker,  rector 
of  St.  Stephen's  church  in  Philadelphia  in 
1882-96,  and  of  Holy  Trinity,  Brooklyn, 
subsequently.  He  is  the  author  of  Sons 
of  God;  Sermon  Stuff;  History  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States;  A 
Year's  Sermons;  and  An  Open  Secret. 

McCONNLLL,  W.  J.,  merchant,  banker, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  18, 
1839,  in  Commerce,  Mich.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Oregon  state  senate  in  1882. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  constitution 
al  convention  of  Idaho.  He  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  as  a  repub 
lican. 

McCONNELL.  WILLIAM  B.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1849,  in  Greene 
county,  Pa.  In  1872  he  was  appointed 
prosecuting  attorney  for  the  thirty-fifth 
circuit  of  Indiana;  and  was  twice  elected 
to  the  same  office,  serving  for  about  five 
years.  In  1879  he  removed  to  Fargo, 
N.  D. ;  was  city  attorney  of  Fargo  in  1883; 
and  in  1885  was  appointed  an  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Dakota 
territory. 

McCONNELL,  WILLIAM  C.,  man-of- 
affairs,  was  born  April  4,  1860,  in  Hali 
fax,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Franklin  and  Marshall  college  of  Lancas 
ter,  Pa.;  and  is  now  the  president  of  the 
Shamokin  Roaring  Creek  Anthracite  and 
the  Bear  Gap  Water  companies.  He  has 
been  a  delegate  to  two  state  republican 
conventions;  and  a  delegate  to  the  re 
publican  national  convention  held  at  Min 
neapolis,  Minn.  He  has  served  as  aioe- 
de-camp  on  Governor  Hastings'  staff, 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 

McCOOK,  ALEXANDER  McDOWELL, 
soldier,  was  born  April  22,  1831,  in  Colum- 
biana  county,  Ohio.  In  1852  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  United 
States  military  acad 
emy;  was  assigned 
to  the  third  infan 
try;  and  for  several 
years  fought  the 
Apaches  in  New 
Mexico.  During 
1858-61  he  was  as 
sistant  instructor  in 
infantry  tactics  at 
West  Point.  As  colo 
nel  of  the  first  Ohio 
regiment,  he  distin 
guished  himself  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  and  was  brevetted  major.  He  was 
rapidly  promoted  until  he  became  major- 
general  in  the  United  States  army  for  ser 
vices  in  the  field. 

McCOOK,  ANSON  GEORGE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  10, 
1835,  in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  He  entered 
the  union  army  in  1861,  as  captain,  and 
served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  colonel  and  brevet  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  was  appointed  assessor  of  inter 
nal  revenue  in  1865.  He  moved  to  New 
York  in  1873;  and  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  'the  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth,  and  forty-seventh  congresses. 
In  1883  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
United  States  senate. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


633 


McCOOK,  EDWARD  MOODY,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  June 
15,  1833,  in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  He  emi 
grated  to  Pike's  Peak  in  1859;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Kansas  legislature  in  1860. 
He  entered  the  army  at  the  opening  of  the 
rebellion,  and  by  1864  had  attained  the 
rank  of  brevet  major-general.  Between 
the  years  1866  and  1869  he  was  minister 
to  the  Hawaiian  Islands;  and  in  the  latter 
year  was  appointed  governor  of  Colorado. 
McCOOK,  EDWIN  STANTON,  soldier, 
was  born  March  26,  1837,  in  Carrollton, 
Ohio.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier-gener 
al  and  major-general  of  volunteers  in 
1865,  for  his  services  in  the  civil  war. 
While  acting  governor  of  Dakota  and  pre 
siding  over  a  public  meeting,  he  was  shot 
and  killed  by  a  man  in  the  audience.  He 
died  Sept.  11,  1873,  in  Yankton,  Dak. 

McCOOK.  GEORGE  WYTHE,  lawyer, 
-was  born  Nov.  22,  1821,  in  Canonsburg, 
Pa.  In  1854-56  he  was  attorney-general 
of  Ohio.  In  the  Mexican  war  he  was  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  third  Ohio  regiment, 
and  was  commissioned  brigadier-general 
in  1861.  He  die'd  Dec.  28,  1877,  in  Steu 
benville,  Ohio. 

McCOOK,  HENRY  CHRISTOPHER, 
naturalist,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
July  3,  1837,  in  New  Lisbon,  Ohio.  He  is 
a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Philadelphia, 
well  known  as  a  naturalist,  and  the  author 
of  Object  and  Outline  Teaching;  The 
Last  Year  of  Christ's  Ministry;  The  Last 
Days  of  Jesus;  Garfield  Memorial  Ser 
mons;  The  Women  Friends  of  Jesus;  The 
•Gospel  in  Nature;  The  Mound-Making  Art 
of  the  Alleghanies;  Natural  History,  of 
the  Agricultural  Ant  of  Texas;  Honey 
Ants  and  Occident  Ants;  Tenants  of  an 
Old  Farm;  and  American  Spiders. 

McCOOK,  JOHN  JAMES,  soldier,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1843,  in 
New  Lisbon,  Ohio.  He  has  held  pastor 
ates  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  and  East  Hartford, 
'€onn.,  and  since  1883  has  been  professor 
of  modern  languages  in  Trinity  college. 
He  was  editor  of  the  Church  Weekly,  is 
a  frequent  contributor  to  periodicals,  and 
is  the  author  of  Pat  and  the  Council. 

McCOOK,  JOHN  JAMES,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  May  22,  1845,  in  Carrollton, 
Ohio.  He  enlisted  in  the  sixth  Ohio  cav 
alry.  He  served 
through  the  war,  at 
taining  the  rank  of 
captain  and  aide-de 
camp  in  1863.  He 
was  brevetted  major 
for  gallant  and  meri 
torious  services  in 
action  at  Shady 
Grove,  Va.,  and 
lieutenant  -  colonel 
and  colonel  for  his 
services  during  the 
war.  He  is  now 
practicing  law  in  New  York  city. 

McCOOK,  ROBERT  LATIMER,  soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1827,  in  New  Lisbon, 
Ohio.  He  organized  the  ninth  Ohio  regi 
ment  in  1861,  became  its  colonel,  and  com 
manded  a  brigade  in  the  West  Virginia 
campaign  under  McClellan.  He  was  pro 
moted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in 
1862.  He  died  Aug.  6,  1862,  near  Salem, 
Ala. 

McCOOK,  RODERICK  SHELDON,  na 
val  officer,  was  born  March  10,  1839,  in 
New  Lisbon,  Ohio.  He  served  through 
the  civil  war  with  great  credit;  and  in 
1873  he  was  made  commodore.  He  died 
Feb.  13,  1886,  in  Vineland,  N.  J. 

McCORD,  ANDREW,  congressman.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly 
during  the  years  1800,  1801,  1802  and  1807, 
part  of  the  time  speaker;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1803  to  1805. 


McCORD,  GEORGE  HERBERT,  artist, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1848,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1880  he  was  elected  an  associate,  and  in 
1883  he  received  a  silver  medal  at  the 
Massachusetts  charitable  mechanics'  in 
stitute  exhibition,  and  in  1884  a  bronze 
medal  and  diploma  at  the  World's  fair, 
New  Orleans. 

McCORD,  MRS.  LOUISA  SUSANNAH 
(CHEVES),  author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1810. 
in  Columbia,  S.  C.  She  was  a  writer  of 
South  Carolina;  and  the  author  of  Soph 
isms  of  the  Protective  Policy,  translated 
from  Bastral;  Caius  Gracchus,  a  tragedy; 
and  My  Dreams,  a  volume  of  verse.  She 
died  Nov.  27,  1880,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

McCORD,  MYRON  H.,  journalist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  26, 
1840,  in  Ceres,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Mississippi  state  senate  in  1873  and 
1874;  member  of  assembly  in  1881;  and 
was  appointed  a  delegate  to  Cincinnati 
republican  national  convention  in  1876. 
He  was  register  United  States  land  office 
from  1883  to  1885;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

McCORKLE,  JOSEPH  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  California  from 
1851  to  1853. 

McCORKLE,  SAMUEL  EUSEBIUS, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  23,  1746,  near  Harris'  Ferry,  Pa.  He 
published  sermons,  Discourses  on  the 
Terms  of  Christian  Communion;  and  Dis 
courses  on  the  great  First  Principles  of 
Deism  and  Revelation  contrasted.  He 
died  Jan.  21,  1811,  in  North  Carolina. 

McCORMICK,  ANDREW  PHELPS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  18,  1832,  in  Brazoria  county,  Texas. 
He  was  judge  of  probate  in  Brazoria  coun 
ty,  Texas,  in  1865  and  1866;  was  a  member 
of  the  state  constitutional  conventions  of 
1866  and  1868;  and  was  judge  of  the  cir 
cuit  court  from  1871  to  1876.  He  was  state 
senator  from  1876  to  1879.  In  1879  he  was 
appointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  northern  district  of  Texas,  and  re 
signed  as  senator  to  enter  upon  his  judi 
cial  duties. 

McCORMICK,  ANDREW  WILSON,  sol 
dier,  jurist,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1830, 
in  Waynesburg,  Pa.  During  the  war  he 
served  in  the  seventy-seventh  regiment, 
Ohio  volunteer  infantry,  and  was  brevet 
ted  major  and  lieutenant-colonel  for  gal 
lantry.  He  has  attained  eminence  as  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ohio  at  Cin 
cinnati;  has  been  an  eminent  jurist;  and 
is  a  successful  pension  attorney,  with 
offices  in  Cincinnati  and  Washington, 
D.  C. 

McCORMICK,  CYRUS  HALL,  manu 
facturer,  inventor,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1809. 
at  Walnut  Grove,  Va.  In  1846-48  some  of 
__ _^  the  McCormick  ma 
chines  were  manu 
factured  at  Brock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  the  mak- 
£*«ES  J  ers  paying  a  royalty 

•  on  all  they  sold.  In 
1847  Mr.  McCormick 
removed  to  Chicago. 
where  he  built  new 
shops,  and  in  the 
same  year  obtained 
a  third  patent  for 
additional  improve 
ments.  The  sale,  in 

1847,  amounted  to  about  700  machines;  in 

1848,  to  J.500.     In  1879  the  business  was 
incorporated  as  The  McCormick  Harvest 
ing  Machine  company,  with  a  capital  of 
$2,500,000,  the  founder  becoming  president 
of  the  company.     He  died  May  13,  1884, 
in  Chicago,  111. 


McCORMICK,  CYRUS  HALL,  was  born 
May  16,  1869,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
entered  the  business  of  The  McCormick 
Harvesting  Machine  company,  serving  in 
several  departmenis  in  order  that  he 
might  obtain  a  knowledge  of  its  various 
branches.  On  the  death  of  his  father,  in 
1884,  he  was  elected  to  succeed  him  as 
president  of  the  company,  and  has  con 
tinued  in  that  position  up  to  the  present 
time. 

McCORMICK,  HENRY  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  30,  1844,  in  Ly- 
coming  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress  from  Pennsylvania;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as 
a  republican. 

McCORMICK,  JAMES  R.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  1, 
1824,  in  Washington  county,  Mo.  In  1862 
he  was  elected  to  the  Missouri  state  sen 
ate.  He  served  as  a  brigadier-general  of 
militia  in  1863;  and  was  appointed  a  sur 
geon  in  the  army,  which  position  he  re 
signed.  He  was  again  elected  to  the  state 
senate  in  1866.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  fortieth 
congress,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-first  and  forty-second 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

McCORMICK,  JOHN  W.,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1831,  in  Gal- 
lia  county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  delegate 
to  the  Ohio  constitutional  convention  In 
1873;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

McCORMICK,  LEANDER  J..  manufac 
turer,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1819,  at  Walnut 
Grove,  Va.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  The  McCormick 
Harvesting  Machine 
company.  He  took 
entire  charge  of  the 
manufacturing  de 
partment,  and  was 
able  to  make  numer 
ous  valuable  im 
provements  upon 
the  original  patterns. 
Having  amassed  a 
sufficient  fortune, 
Mr.  McCormick  re 
tired  from  the  con 
cern  in  1889,  and  invested  his  means  large 
ly  in  stately  business  edifices  in  Chicago 
and  has  had  the  satisfaction  of  witnessing 
a  great  growth  in  value  of  his  property. 
One  of  his  public  gifts  was  a  twenty-six- 
inch  refracting  telescope,  the  largest  in 
the  world  at  the  time,  to  the  university  of 
Virginia  in  Charlottesville,  Va. 

McCORMICK,  N.  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1847,  in  Fayette 
county,  Pa.  He  was  county  attorney  of 
Fayette  county,  Pa.,  in  1890-94;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  pop 
ulist. 

McCORMICK,  RICHARD  CUNNING 
HAM,  journalist,  congressman,  governor, 
author,  was  born  in  1832,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1862  he  was 
chief  clerk  of  the 
department  of  agri 
culture  in  Washing 
ton;  and  in  1863  was 
appointed  secretary 
of  Arizona  territory. 
In  1866  he  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of 
the  territory;  and  in 
1868  was  elected  del 
egate  from  Arizona 
to  the  forty-first  con 
gress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  two  succeeding  congresses.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican.  He  is  the  author  of  Visit  to 
the  Camp  at  Sebastopol;  St.  Paul's  to 
St.  Sophia;  and  Arizona:  its  Resources. 


634 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


McCORMICK,  ROBERT,  inventor,  was 
born  in  1780,  in  Walnut  Grove,  Va.  He 
was  the  inventor  of  a  machine  for  clean 
ing  hemp.  He  died  July  4,  1846,  in  Wal 
nut  Grove,  Va. 

McCORMICK,  ROBERT  LAIRD,  lum 
ber  manufacturer,  banker,  legislator,  was 
born  Oct.  29,  1847,  in  Clinton  county.  Pa. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Saunders 
institute  of  West  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
is  a  successful  banker  and  lumber  manu 
facturer  of  Hay  ward,  Wis. ;  and  is  inter 
ested  ill  a  dozen  lumber  corporations  with 
an  aggregate  capital  of  five  million  dol 
lars.  During  1881-82  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  senator  in  the  Minnesota 
state  legislature,  and  was  the  grand  com 
mander  of  the  Minnesota  Knights  Tem 
plar  in  1880-81.  In  1892  he  was  colonel  of 
the  Wisconsin  division  Sons  of  Veterans; 
and  since  1892  has  been  vice-president  of 
the  State  Historical  society  of  Wisconsin. 

McCOSH,  JAMES,  educator,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  April 
1,  1811,  in  Scotland.  He  came  to  America 
in  1868,  and  was  president  of  Princeton 
college  in  1868-88.  His  principal  writings 
include.  Logic:  the  Laws  of  Discursive 
Thought;  Christianity  and  Positivism; 
Scottish  Philosophy;  Mill's  Philosophy; 
Method  of  the  Divine  Government;  First 
and  Fundamental  Truths;  Psychology; 
The  Emotions;  Our  Moral  Nature;  Gospel 
Sermons;  Philosophy  of  Reality;  The  Re 
ligious  Aspect  of  Evolution;  Realistic  Phi 
losophy  Defended;  Whither?  O  Whither 
Tell  Me  Where;  The  Development  of  Hy 
potheses;  and  Philosophic  Series:  I.  Ex 
pository,  II.  Historical  and  Critical.  He 
died  in  1894. 

McCOSKRY,  SAMUEL  ALLEN,  bishop, 
was  born  Nov.  9,  1804,  in  Carlisle,  Pa. 
He  was  elected  to  be  the  first  bishop  of 
Michigan,  and  was  consecrated  in  1836. 
He  died  Aug.  1,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

McCOURT,  DAVID  W.,  dentist,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  4,  1859,  in  Waukesha,  Wis. 
He  is  a  successful  dentist  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.;  and  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  The  Treasures  of  Weins- 
berg,  and  Other  Poems. 

McCOUVlLLE,  DANIEL,  public  official, 
politician,  was  oorn  July  30,  1846,  in  Ire 
land.  In  1878-84  ne  was  director  of  the 
Ohio  penitentiary;  auditor  of  the  United 
States  treasury  during  1885-89;  and  has 
filled  numerous  public  offices  of  honor. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic  na 
tional  convention  in  1880,  1884,  and  in 
1896.  In  1896  and  1897  he  was  chairman 
of  the  Ohio  democratic  state  committee; 
and  in  1896  was  chairman  of  the  bureau 
of  speakers  for  the  democratic  national 
committee. 

McCOW,  GEORGE  HERBERT,  artist, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1848,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1884  he  received  a  medal  and  diploma 
from  the  Mechanics'  association  of  Mas 
sachusetts;  and  the  following  year  a  med 
al  and  diploma  from  the  World's  Cotton 
exposition  at  New  Orleans.  His  most  no 
table  pictures  are  Craig  Dhu,  Windsor 
Castle,  Sunset,  and  Nantucket  Moors. 

McCOWEN.  JENNIE,  physician,  sur 
geon,  lecturer,  was  born  June  15,  1845,  in 
Harveysburg,  Ohio.  She  first  taught  school 
for  twelve  years;  and  in  1876  graduated 
from  the  medical  department  of  the  state 
university  of  Iowa,  receiving  a  prize  for 
a  thesis  on  Puerperal  Fever.  For  sev 
eral  years  she  was  assistant  physician  on 
the  staff  of  the  State  Hospital  for  the  In 
sane  of  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa;  and  in  1880 
located  in  Davenport,  limiting  her  prac 
tice  to  nervous  diseases  of  women.  She 
is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical  socie 
ties;  in  1883-84  was  president  of  the  Scott 
County  Medical  society;  and  since  1893 


she  has  been  president  of  the  Woman's 
alliance.  In  1893  she  represented  Iowa 
at  theWorld'sColumbian  exposition  in  the 
Congress  on  Woman  s  Progress,  and  de 
livered  several  addresses  while  a  member. 
She  has  written  scores  of  valuable  pa 
pers  on  medical  topics  which  have  received 
publication  in  the  Iowa  Medical  Journal 
and  other  leading  medical  publications. 

McCOY,  MRS.  CATHERINE  (WEBB) 
(TOWLES),  author,  was  born  in  1823,  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  a  writer  of  Colum 
bus,  Ga.,  and  the  author  of  Tales  from  the 
Freemason's  Fireside;  The  Three  Golden 
Links;  and  Poor  Claire,  or  Life  Among 
the  Queer. 

McCOY,  ROBERT,  soldier,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1831  to  1833.  He  died 
June  7,  1849,  in  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

McCOY,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Augusta  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1811  to  1833. 

McCRACKAN,  WILLIAM  DENISON, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  in  1864,  in  Mu 
nich.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Rise  of  me 
Swiss  Republic:  Romance  and  Teutonic 
Switzerland;  Swiss  Solutions  of  American 
Problems;  and  Little  Idyls  of  the  Big 
World. 

McCRARY,  ALVIN  JASPER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  March  20.  1844,  in  Keo- 
sauqua,  Iowa.  He  took  part  as  a  union 
soldier  during  the 
civil  war.  He  then 
studied  law  in  Keo- 
kuk,  Iowa,  which 
city  has  been  his 
home  ever  since,  ac 
tively  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  pro 
fession  f&r  over  thir 
ty  years.  He  has 
served  with  distinc 
tion  as  judge  of  the 
district  court  of  the 
first  district  of  Iowa. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Iowa  State 
Bar  association;  is  an  active  member  of 
the  American  Bar  association,  and  repre 
sents  Iowa  in  the  general  council  of  that 
association.  He  has  devoted  much  time 
and  money  to  religious  work  in  the  state; 
for  twenty-two  years  has  been  superin 
tendent  of  the  Sunday-school  of  his  home 
church;  and  for  five  years  president  of  the 
Iowa  baptist  state  convention. 

McCRARY,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1835,  in  Evans- 
ville,  Ind.  In  1857  he  was  elected  to  the 
Iowa  state  legislature;  and  in  1861  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  for  four  years. 
In  1868  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Iowa  to  the  iorty-first  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-second,  forty- 
third  and  forty-fourth  congresses.  In 
1879  he  was  appointed  United  biates  cir 
cuit  judge  of  the  eighth  judicial  circuit. 
He  was  the  author  of  Treatise  on  the  Amer 
ican  Law  of  Elections;  and  Reports  of  the 
Circuit  Courts  01  the  United  States, 
Eighth  District.  1879-83.  He  died  in  1890. 

McCRATE,  JOHN  D.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  about  1800, 
in  Wiscasset,  Maine.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  legislature  from  1831  to 
1836;  collector  of  customs  at  Wiscasset 
from  1836  to  1841;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Maine  from  1845  to 
1847. 

McCREA,  JAMES,  engineer,  railroad 
president,  was  born  May  1,  1848,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  Since  1893  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Cincinnati  and  Muskingum 
Valley  railway;  since  1896  president  of 
the  Terre  Haute  and  Indianapolis  Rail- 


way  company;  and  also  president  of  the- 
Grand  Rapids  and  Indiana  Railroad  com 
pany. 

McCREARY.  JAMES  BENNETT,  law 
yer,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
July  8,  1838,  in  Madison  county,  Ky.  At 
the  beginning  of  the 
civil  war  he  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  the 
confederate  army 
and  was  elected  ma 
jor  of  the  eleventh 
Kentucky  cavalry; 
and  at  the  time  of 
J  the  surrender  of  the 
confederate  forces 
was  lieutenant-colo 
nel  of  his  regiment. 
In  1869  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative 
in  the  Kentucky  legislature  and  was  twice 
re-elected.  In  1871  he  was  elected  speak 
er  and  was  re-elected  in  1873.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Kentucky  in  1875.  and 
served  four  years.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re-electeu 
to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty- 
third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

McCREARY,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Chester  district,  S.  C.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1819  to  1821. 

McCREARY,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1803  to  1809. 

McCREEDY,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1829  to  1831. 

McCREERY,  THOMAS  CLAY,  agricul 
turist,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1817,  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  of  Kentucky  in  1852;  a  visitor  to 
the  West  Point  academy  in  1858;  and  in 
1868  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  re-elected  in  1873 
for  the  term  ending  in  1879.  He  died  July 
10,  1890,  in  Owensboro,  Ky. 

McCROREY,  JAMES  A.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1852,  in 
Talbot  county,  Ga.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Oglethorpe  university  of 
Atlanta,  Ga.;  and  for  many  years  was 
engaged  in  educational  work  as  a  teacher 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state. 
He  has  attained  prominence  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  Florida;  for  eight  years  was 
probate  judge  of  Brevard  county,  in  that 
state;  after  which  time  he  resigned  and 
took  up  the  practice  ot  his  profession  at 
Miami,  Fla. 

McCUE,  ALEXANDER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1826,  in  Mexico.  He  was  cor 
poration  counsel  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn 
in  1861  and  1862,  and  again  in  1867  and 
1868.  In  1870  he  was  elected  one  of  the- 
judges  of  the  city  court  of  Brooklyn,  serv 
ing  until  1885,  when  he  became  solicitor 
of  the  United  States  treasury  at  Washing 
ton. 

McCULLAGH,  JOSEPH  BURBRIDGE, 
journalist,  was  born  in  1843,  in  Ireland. 
In  1875  he  became  editor  of  the  Globe- 
Democrat  of  St.  Ixniis.  Mo.,  which  position 
he  still  holds. 

McCULLOCH,  BEiM,  soldier,  legislator, 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1811,  in  Rutherford 
county,  Tenn.  In  1839  he  was  elected  to- 
the  congress  of  Texas.  When  Texas  was 
admitted  to  the  union  in  1845  he  was 
elected  to  the  first  legislature.  He  died 
March  7,  1862,  near  Pea  Ridge,  Ark. 

McCULLOCH,  GEORGE,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state- 
from  1840  to  1841. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


635 


McCULLOCH,  HUGH,  banker,  finan 
cier,  author,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1808,  in 
Kennebunk,  Maine.  In  1857  he  was  elect 
ed  president  of  the  State  bank  of  Indiana, 
and  in  1865  he  entered  the  cabinet  as 
secretary  of  the  treasury.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Men  and  Measures  of  Half  a 
Century.  He  died  in  1895. 

McCULLOCH,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1853  to  1855. 

McCULLOCH,  PHILIP  D.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  June  23,  1851, 
in  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.  He  was  elected  as 
the  democratic  nom 
inee  to  the  office  of 
prosecuting  attorney 
of  the  first  judicial 
district  of  Arkansas 
in  1878;  was  renom- 
inated  and  elected 
for  three  successive 
terms;  and  at  the 
expiration  of  his 
third  term  he  de 
clined  to  offer  again. 
He  was  elected  as 
the  democratic  pres 
idential  elector  for  the  first  congressional 
district  in  1888;  was  nominated  by  the 
democratic  congressional  convention  for 
the  fifty-third  congress  by  acclamation 
and  was  elected;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

McCULLOCH,  THOMAS  G.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Pa. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1820  to  1822,  to  fill  a  va 
cancy. 

McCULLOGH,  WELTY,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1847,  in 
Greensburg,  Pa.  During  the  war  he  was 
second  clerk  under  Captain  W.  B.  Coulter, 
provost  marshal  of  twenty-first  district  of 
Pennsylvania  for  two  years.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

McCULLOH,  JAMES  HAINES,  sur 
geon,  banker,  author,  was  born  about  1793 
in  Maryland.  He  became  curator  of  the 
Maryland  Academy  of  Science,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Baltimore  apprentices' 
library  in  1822.  He  published  Researches 
on  America,  being  an  Attempt  to  settle 
some  Points  relative  to  the  Aborigines  of 
America;  and  Researches,  Philosophical 
and  Antiquarian,  concerning  the  Aborigi 
nal  History  of  America. 

McCULLOUGH,  HIRAM,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  20, 
1813,  in  Cecil  county,  Md.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Maryland  senate  in  1845;  and  re- 
elected.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Maryland  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress;  and  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  con1 
gress. 

McCULLOUGH,  JOHN  GRIFFITH, law 
yer,  financier,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1835, 
near  Newark,  Del.  In  1861  he  was  elected 
_____  to  the  legislature. 

and  in  1862  they  sent 
him  to  the  state 
senate,  while  in  1863, 
at  the  age  of  twenty- 
eight,  he  was  elected 
attorney-general  of 
the  state,  a  most 
flattering  exhibition 
of  the  public  admira 
tion  of  his  talents 
and  manliness.  For 
four  years  he  served 
the  state  in  the  try 
ing  position  of  attorney-general.  In  1873 
he  became  vice-president  and  general 
manager  of  the  Panama  railroad,  retain 
ing  that  position  until  1883,  when  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  corporation.  In 


1890  the  stockholders  of  the  Chicago  and 
Erie  railroad  elected  him  president  of 
that  company,  and  he  is  also  now  presi 
dent  of  the  Benningi.on  and  Rutland  rail 
road  and  the  First  National  Bank  of 
North  Bennington. 

McCULLOUGH,  JOSEPH  ALLEN,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1865,  in 
Greenville  county,  S.  C.  He  is  the  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  A.  C.  Stepp,  and  when  an 
infant  was  adopted  by  the  late  Colonel 
James  McCullough,  who  had  his  name 
changed  by  an  act  of  the  legislature.  In 
1887  he  graduated  in  both  academic  and 
law  departments  from  the  South  Carolina 
college,  with  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  LL. 
B.  He  soon  acquired  prominence  as  a 
lawyer;  has  been  engaged  in  some  of  the 
most  important  civil  and  criminal  cases 
in  the  south;  and  was  corporation  coun 
sel  of  Greenville  for  six  years.  In  1896 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  state  legislature,  and  is  a  val 
uable  member  of  that  body. 

McCULLUM,  W.,  poet.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Mem 
ory  Gems. 

McCURDY,  CHARLES  JOHNSON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  7,  1797,  in  Lyme,  Conn.  He 
was  a  member  of  both  branches  of  the 
Connecticut  legislature,  and  three  years 
speaker  of  the  house.  He  was  lieutenant- 
governor  in  1845  and  1846;  United  States 
minister  to  Austria  in  1851  and  1852;  and 
in  1856  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  supe 
rior  court,  and  subsequently  on  the  su 
preme  bench  until  1867. 

McCURDY,  S.  P.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  removed  to  Mis 
souri,  from  which  state  ne  was  appointed 
an  associate  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Utah,  residing 
at  Fort  Bridger. 

McCUTCHEN,  CICERO  DECATUR, 
lawyer,  soldier,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  31, 
1824,  in  Hall  county,  Ga.  He  entered  the 
confederate  army  in  1862,  as  lieutenant  of 
the  fourth  Georgia  cavalry,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  captain.  At  the  end  of  the  civil 
war  he  resumed  his  law  practice  at  Dai- 
ton,  Ohio,  and  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
superior  court. 

McDANIEL,  EDWARD  DA  VIES,  physi 
cian,  educator,  was  born  July  7,  1822,  in 
Chester,  S.  C.  In  1887  he  became  profes 
sor  of  materia  medica  and  therapeutics  in 
the  medical  college  of  Alabama  at  Mo 
bile.  He  was  chosen  president  of  the  Ala 
bama  State  Medical  society  in  1876. 

McDANIEL,  HENRY  DICKERSON, 
soldier,  state  senator,  governor,  was  born 
Sept.  4,  1837,  in  Walton  county,  Ga., 
where  he  still  re 
sides  and  practices 
law.  A  portion  of 
his  youth  was  spent 
in  Atlanta.  In  1856 
he  graduated  from 
Mercer  university, 
and  soon  after  be 
gan  the  practice  of 

in     i'-.'il     In     \va,- 

•  distinguished  as  be- 
I  ing  the  youngest 
member  of  the  seces 
sion  convention  of 
Georgia,  in  which  body  he  opposed  dis 
union,  but  finally  voted  for  and  signed  the 
ordinance  of  secession.  He  went  to  the 
front  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  eleventh 
Georgia  infantry;  was  promoted  major  of 
his  regiment  in  1862,  and  was  terribly 
wounded  near  Hagerstown  in  the  retreat 
from  Gettysburg.  In  1865  he  was  a  deie- 
gate  to  the  constitutional  convention;  in 
1872  was  chosen  a  representative  to  the 
state  legislature;  and  in  1874  was  made 
state  senator,  serving  as  such  with  mark 
ed  ability  for  eight  years,  when  he  posi 


tively  declined  any  further  re-election. 
He  was  elected  governor  in  1883;  and  re 
ceived  the  re-election  to  a  second  term 
without  opposition.  At  the  termination  of 
his  second  term  he  retired,  being  ineligi 
ble  by  law  to  a  third  term.  He  has  an 
extensive  law  practice  at  Monroe,  Ga. ;  is 
a  director  of  the  Georgia  Railroad  and 
Banking  company,  and  of  the  High  Shoals 
Cotton  Manufacturing  company,  and  va 
rious  other  business  enterprises. 

McDANIEL,  S.  C.,  clergyman,  author, 
poet.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Origin  and 
Early  History  of  the  Congregational 
Church;  and  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems. 

McDANNOLD,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1851,  in 
Brown  county,  111.  He  was  elected  county 
judge  of  Brown  county,  111.,  in  1886,  and1 
re-elected  in  1890,  and  resigned  in  1892. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

McDEARMON,  JAMES  CALVIN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  June 
13,  1844,  in  New  Canton.  Va.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  from 
Tennessee,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

McDERMOTT,  HUGH  FARRAR,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  in  1833.  He  was  a 
journalist  of  New  York  city;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Poems  from  an  Editor's  Table; 
and  The  Blind  Canary,  a  book  of  poems. 
He  died  in  1890. 

McDERMOTT,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON, 
lawyer,  orator,  writer,  was  born  Nov.  17, 
1861,  in  Kasota,  Minn.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  ed- 
^^•••rill^H  ucation  in  the  dis 
trict  school,  and  at  a 
private  college;  and 
subsequently  attend 
ed  the  state  univer 
sity  of  Minnesota, 
from  which  institu 
tion  he  was  a  grad 
uate.  For  six  years 
he  was  in  the  United 
States  postal  service; 
was  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee 
of  the  democratic  state  central  commit 
tee;  and  for  two  years  was  chairman  of 
the  democratic  state  central  committee. 
He  has  attained  prominence  as  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers  of  Minnesota,  and 
has  a  large  practice  in  the  city  of  St.  Paul. 
He  is  a  brilliant  orator;  and  as  a  writer 
has  contributed  valuable  articles  to  law- 
literature  and  the  periodical  press  gener 
ally. 

McDILL,  ALEXANDER  STUART,  phy 
sician,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  18,  1822,  in  Crawford  county,. 
Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  Wisconsin 
state  house  of  representatives  in  1861,  and 
to  the  state  senate  in  1862.  He  was  cho 
sen  a  presidential  elector  in  1864;  was  one 
of  the  bqard  of  managers  of  the  Wiscon 
sin  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane  from 
1862  to  1868,  when  he  was  elected  medical 
superintendent,  which  position  he  re 
signed  to  take  his  seat  in  the  forty-third 
congress  as  a  republican.  He  died  Nov. 
12,  1875,  near  Madison,  Wis. 

McDILL,  JAMES  WILSON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  March  4,  1834,  in  Monroe,  Ohio. 
He  moved  to  Iowa  and  was  elected  judge 
of  Union  county  in  1859.  He  was  elected 
circuit  judge  in  1868;  and  in  1870  was  ap 
pointed  and  then  elected  district  judge. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and  for 
ty-fourth  congresses.  He  was  a  state  rail 
road  commissioner  from  1878  to  1881;  and 
in  1881  was  first  appointed  and  then 
elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  United 
States  senate,  and  served  during  1881-83. 


636 


f  - 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MCDONALD,  ALEXANDER,  merchant, 

banker,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
April  10,  1832,  in  Clinton  county.  Pa.  In 
1863  he  settled  in  Arkansas,  established 
and  became  president  of  a  national  bank 
at  Fort  Smith;  and  also  became  president 
of  the  Merchant's  National  bank  at  Little 
Rock.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Arkansas  for  the  term  ending 
in  1871,  having  taken  his  seat  on  the  ad 
mission  of  that  state  into  the  union. 

MCDONALD,  CHARLES  JAMES,  jurist, 

legislator,  state  senator,  governor,  was 
born  July  9,  1793,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
was  solicitor-general  in  1822;  and  a  judge 
of  the  circuit  court  of  Georgia  in  1825. 
He  was  in  the  legislature  in  1834,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate  in  1837,  and  was 
elected  governor  of  Georgia  in  1839,  and 
re-elected  in  1841.  From  1857  until  his 
death  he  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Georgia.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1860,  in 
Marietta,  Ga. 

McDONALD,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  a  judge  of  the  United  States  court  for 
the  district  of  Indiana. 

MCDONALD,  EDWARD  FRANCIS,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1844,  in  Ire 
land.  He  served  in  the  civil  war;  and  in 
1874  was  elected  to  the  New  Jersey  state 
legislature.  In  1889  he  was  elected  a  state 
•senator;  and  in  1890  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  fifty-second  congress.  He  died 
Nov.  5,  1892,  in  Harrison,  N.  J. 

MCDONALD,  GEORGE  KENZIE,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1868,  in  New 
Glasgow,  Nova  Scotia.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  clergyman  of  the  bap 
tist  church;  has  filled  a  pastorate  in  Rol- 
lin,  Mich.;  and  since  1892  has  been  pas 
tor  of  the  Bethel  Baptist  church  of  Kala- 
mazoo. 

McDONALD,  J.  R..  railroad  president. 
He  was  president  of  Washington  South 
ern  railway  at  Seattle,  Wash. 

McDONALD,  JAMES  E.,  journalist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1855,  in 
Columbia  City,  Ind.  He  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Indiana  state  board  of  agri 
culture;  and  has  served  as  a  state  senator 
in  the  Indiana  legislature. 

McDuriALD,  JAMES  MADISON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  May  22,  1812,  in 
Limerick,  Maine.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  who  was  pastor  of  a 
church  in  Princeton,  N.  J.,  in  1856-76;  and 
the  author  of  Credulity;  My  Father's 
House,  or  the  Heaven  of  the  Bible;  Life 
and  Writings  of  St.  John;  Ecclesiastes  Ex 
plained;  and  Key  to  the  Book  of  Revela 
tion.  He  died  April  19,  1876,  in  Prince 
ton,  N.  J. 

McDONALD,  JOHN,  soldier,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  May  24,  1837,  in 
Ireland.  In  1861  he  was  ordered  to  the 
seat  of  war.  He  served  in  the  cavalry 
corps  of  the  army  of  the  Potomac  through 
out  the  war.  He  was  retired  as  a  cap 
tain  of  ca\alry  July  1,  1868,  for' disabili 
ties  incurred  in  the  line  of  service.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Maryland  legislature  as 
a  republican  in  1881;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

MCDONALD,  JOSEPH  EWING,  lawyer, 

congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  29,  1819,  in  Butler  county,  Ohio. 
He  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of 
Indiana  in  1843,  and  held  the  office  four 
years.  In  1849  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  congress,  and  served  one  term. 
He  was  elected  attorney  general  of  the 
state  in  1856;  and  re-elected  in  1858.  He 
moved  to  Indianapolis  in  1859;  was  a  can 
didate  for  governor  in  1864,  but  defeated; 
and  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  in  1875,  for  the  term  ending  in  1881. 
He  died  June  21,  1891,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


McDONALD.  WITTEN,  journalist,  was 
born  June  4,  1846,  in  Wyoming  county, 
Pa.  In  1882  he  organized  the  Armour 
Banking  company,  of  which  institution 
he  has  continued  to  be  president.  In  1892 
he  became  president  of  the  Kansas  City 
Times  Newspaper  company. 

McDONELL,  ARCHIBALD,  lawyer,  was 
born  Jan.  1,  1833,  in  Nova  Scotia.  In  1861 
he  graduated  from  the  law  department 
of  the  university  of  Michigan.  He  has 
attained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Bay  City,  Mich.;  has  been  mayor  of  that 
city  for  two  terms;  an  elector  at  large  for 
Tilden:  and  in  1896  was  a  congressional 
delegate  to  the  national  democratic  con 
vention. 

MCDONNELL,  TIMOTHY  LAWRENCE, 

educator,  lawyer,  was  born  May  31,  1861, 
in  Bourbon  county,  Ky.  In  his  youth  he  as 
sisted  his  father  (who 
was  a  building  con 
tractor)  in  the  differ 
ent  departments  of 
building.  He  later 
took  part  in  the  pre 
liminary  surveys  and 
the  actual  construc 
tion  of  railroads.  For 
two  years  he  pursued 
a  classical  course  in 
the  St.  Mary's  col 
lege,  Kas. ;  and  sev 
eral  years  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work.  He  then  deliv 
ered  a  course  of  lectures  in  the  western 
states,  and  subsequently  graduated  from 
the  law  department  of  the  Omaha  univer 
sity.  He  is  the  founder  and  instructor 
of  a  private  law  school  in  Omaha,  in 
which  city  he  has  a  lucrative  law  prac 
tice. 

McDONOGH,  JOHN,  philanthropist,  was 
born  Dec.  29,  1779,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  At 
his  death  he  left  the  bulk  of  his  fortune, 
which  was  estimated  at  more  than  $2,- 
000,000,  to  the  cities  of  New  Orleans  and 
Baltimore,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing 
free  schools. 

McDONOUGH,  JOHN  JAMES,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  March  15,  1857, 
in  Fall  River,  Mass.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  schools 
of  his  native  city;  in  1880  graduated  from 
the  Holy  Cross  college  of  Worcester, 
Mass.,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B. ;  and  in 
1884  graduated  from  the  Boston  univer 
sity  school  of  law,  with  the  degree  of 
LL.  B.  'He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  his 
native  city;  and  since  1893  has  been  judge 
of  the  second  district  court  of  Bristol.  He 
takes  a  prominent  part  in  the  public  and 
political  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

McDONOUGH,  THOMAS,  naval  officer, 
commodore,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1783,  in 
New  Castle  county,  Del.  He  was  twenty- 
eight  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  the  en 
gagement  at  Plattsburg;  and  became  a 
commodore  in  the  navy.  The  state  of 
New  York  gave  him  one  thousand  acres 
of  land  on  Plattsburg  bay  for  his  serv 
ices.  He  died  Nov.  16,  1825,  at  sea. 

McDOUGAL,  CLINTON  DUGALD,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  July  14,  1839, 
in  Scotland.  He  led  a  brigade  in  the  army 
of  the  Potomac  at  Gettysburg  and  in  its 
subsequent  campaigns  until  the  close  of 
the  war,  and  in  1864  was  brevetted  brig 
adier-general  of  volunteers.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  congress  from  New  York  as  a  re 
publican  in  1872,  serving  till  1877;  and 
In  1877  he  was  appointed  United  States 
marshal  for  the  western  judicial  district 
of  New  York. 

McDOUGAL,  DAVID,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Sept.  27,  1809,  in  Ohio.  He  was  ap 
pointed  midshipman  in  1828,  past  mid 
shipman  in  1834,  and  commodore  in  1869. 


He  died  Aug.  7,  1882,  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

McDOUGAL,  MRS.  FRANCES  HAR 
RIET  [WHIPPLE]  [GREENE],  author, 
was  born  in  1805  in  Rhode  Island.  She 
was  a  Rhode  Island  writer  who  resided 
in  California  in  1862;  and  was  the  author 
of  The  Original;  The  Mechanic;  Might 
and  Right,  a  History  of  the  Dorr  Rebel 
lion;  Shahmah  in  Pursuit  of  Freedom; 
The  Dwarf  Boy,  and  Minor  Poems;  and 
Beyond  the  Veil.  She  died  in  1875. 

McDOUGAL,  JOHN  M.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  April  21,  1850,  in 
LaRue  county,  Ky.  In  his  early  days  he 
taught  school ;  for 
three  years  was  dep 
uty  state  librarian  of 
Kentucky;  and  in 
1876  was  sergeant- 
at-arms  in  the  Ken 
tucky  house  of  repre 
sentatives.  He  was 
commissioned  colo 
nel  on  the  staff  of 
Gov.  Leslie,  and  also 
on  the  staff  of  Gov. 
McCrary.  Since  1880 
he  has  practiced  law 
in  Gunnison,  Colo.,  when  not  on  the 
bench;  has  been  city  attorney,  county  at 
torney,  deputy  district  attorney,  and  held 
the  office  of  county  judge  for  six  years. 

McDOUGALL,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Nov.  19,  1817,  in  Bethlehem,  N.  Y. 
In  1850  he  was  elected  attorney  general 
of  California;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  California  from  1853  to 
1855,  declining  a  renomination.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  for 
six  years.  He  died  Sept.  3,  1867,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y. 

McDOUGALL,  JOHN,  governor.  He  was 
acting-governor  of  California  from  1851  to 
1852. 

MCDOWELL,    ALEXANDER,    banker, 

congressman,  was  born  in  1845  in  Frank 
lin,  Pa.  He  is  a  banker  of  Sharon,  Pa.; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress. 

McDOWELL,  B.  M.,  musician,  compos 
er,  was  born  May  26,  1845,  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  He  is  a  successful  teacher  of  music 
in  Cambridge,  Ohio;  and  the  author  of  a 
number  of  popular  pieces. 

McDOWELL,  IRVIN,  soldier,  was  born 
Oct.  15,  1818,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  In  1861 
he  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  the 
army  of  the  Potomac,  and  commanded  the 
Union  forces  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run. 
He  died  May  4,  1885,  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

McDOWELL,  JAMES,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1796,  in  Rock- 
bridge  county,  Va.  He  was  governor  of 
Virginia  from  1842  to  1845;  and  from 
1845  to  1851  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  the  eleventh  congressional 
district  of  Virginia.  He  died  Aug.  24,  1851, 
in  Lexington,  Ky. 

MCDOWELL,  JAMES  FOSTER,  lawyer, 

journalist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  3, 
1825,  in  Mifflin  county,  Pa.  In  1851  he  set 
tled  in  Indiana  and  established  the  Mar 
ion  Journal.  He  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1852;  and  in  1862  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Indiana  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress. 

McDOWELL,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  10,  1780,  in  Bedminster,  N. 
J.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Princeton  in 
New  Jersey  for  more  than  fifty  years,  and 
of  the  Theological  seminary  there  from 
its  foundation,  and  as  agent  of  both  in 
stitutions  he  collected  sums  for  their  en 
dowment.  His  works  are,  A  Bible-Class 
Manual;  and  A  System  of  Theology.  He 
died  in  February,  1863,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


637 


MCDOWELL,  JOHN  ANDERSON,  edu 
cator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  25, 
1853,  in  Killbuck,  Ohio.  He  was  principal 
of  Millersburg  High  school,  Ohio,  for  two 
years;  and  superintendent  of  Millersburg 
schools  for  seventeen  years;  and  was 
county  school  examiner  for  seven  years. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

McDOWELL,  JOHN  HUGH,  farmer,  ed 
itor,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1843,  in 
Trenton,  Tenn.  He  received  a  liberal  ed 
ucation,  and  has  been  principally  engaged 
in  farming  at  Union  City,  Tenn.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the 
general  assembly  of  Tennessee  for  two 
terms;  and  has  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  state  senate.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  State  Farmers'  Al 
liance,  and  vice-president  of  the  National 
Farmers'  Alliance.  He  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  people's  party,  and  served 
as  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  For 
eight  years  he  was  engaged  in  editorial 
work;  and  has  contributed  extensively  to 
the  periodical  press. 

McDOWELL,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1756,  in  Win 
chester,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
North  Carolina  house  of  commons  from 
1782  to  1788;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1793  to  1795,  and  again 
from  1797  to  1799.  He  died  in  North 
Carolina. 

McDOWELL,  JOSEPH  J.,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  13,  1800,  in  Burke  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Kentucky  from  1843  to  1847. 
He  died  Jan.  17,  1877,  in  Hillsborough, 
Ohio. 

McDOWELL,  MRS.  KATHERINE 
SHERWOOD  [BONNER],  author,  was 
born  Feb.  26,  1849,  in  Holly  Springs,  Miss. 
She  was  a  writer  of  Holly  Springs,  Miss., 
from  1873  to  1878  a  resident  of  Boston, 
and  the  private  secretary  of  Longfellow. 
In  Mrs.  Kirk's  novel  of  Margaret  Kent  she 
figures  as  the  heroine.  She  was  the  author 
of  Dialect  Tales;  Suwanee  River  Tales; 
and  Like  unto  Like.  She  died  July  22,  1883, 
in  Holly  Springs,  Miss. 

MCDOWELL,     WILLIAM     FRASER, 

chancellor,  clergyman,  was  born  Feb.  4, 
1858,  in  Millersburg,  Ohio.  Since  1890  he 
has  been  chancellor  of  the  university  of 
Denver. 

MCDOWELL,    WILLIAM     OSBORNE. 

merchant,  railroad  president,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  April  10,  1848,  in  Bed- 
minster,  N.  J.  In  1882  he  was  president 
of  the  New  York  Sea  Beach  railroad,  re 
signing  in  1883.  He  established  the  first 
technical  school  in  Newark,  N.  J.;  and 
helped  to  establish  free  libraries  in  New 
ark,  Jersey  City,  Bayonne,  and  Hacken- 
sack. 

McDUFFIE,  GEORGE,  soldier,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  governor,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1788  in  Columbia 
county,  Ga.  He  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  South  Carolina  state  legislature; 
and  was  a  major  of  militia.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  South 
Carolina  in  1821,  and  served  until  1835, 
when  he  was  chosen  governor  of  the  state. 
In  1843  he  was  elected  a  senator  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  March  11,  1851,  in 
Sumter  District,  S.  C. 

McDUFFIE,  JOHN  V.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  May  16, 
1841,  in  Addison,  N.  Y.  He  located  in 
Lowndes  county,  Ala.,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  was  elected  judge  of  pro 
bate  in  1868;  was  re-elected  in  1872,  and 
held  the  office  until  1880.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-first  congress. 


McELRATH,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  pub 
lisher,  legislator,  was  born  May  1,  1807, 
in  Williamsport,  Pa.  Removing  later  to 
New  York  city,  he  was  engaged  as  proof 
reader  and  then  as  head  salesman  in  the 
Methodist  Book  concern,  and  in  1825  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  Lemuel  Bangs 
in  the  publication  of  school  and  religious 
books.  In  1838  he  was  elected  to  the  New 
York  state  legislature.  He  died  June  6, 
1888,  in  New  York  city. 

MCELROY,  CROCKETT,  business  man, 

state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1835,  in 
Canada.  He  is  a  successful  businessman  of 
St.  Clair,  Mich.;  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace,  and  mayor  of  that  city.  He  has 
also  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  Michigan  state  senate. 

McELROY,  JOHN,  journalist,  was  born 
in  1846,  in  Greenup  county,  Ky.  For  ten 
years  he  was  the  editor-in-chief  of  the 
Toledo  Blade;  and  since  1884  has  held  that 
position  on  the  National  Tribune  of 
Washington,  D.  C. 

McELWAIN,  WILLIAM  P.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  in  1860,  in  Mercer  coun 
ty,  Pa.  He  has  been  judge  of  the  city 
court  of  Seattle,  Wash.;  and  in  1893  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature  of  Washington. 

McENERY,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  In  1866  he  was  elected 
to  the  Louisiana  state  legislature,  but 
was  deprived  of  his  place  by  the  recon 
struction  acts  of  congress.  In  1871  he 
was  nominated  by  three  parties  for  the 
executive  office,  carried  the  state  by  ten 
thousand  majority,  and  yet  was  counted 
out  by  the  returning  board.  He  practiced 
law  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

McENERY,  SAMUEL  DOUGLAS,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  May  28,  1837, 
in  Monroe,  La.  He 
entered  the  confeder 
ate  army  in  1861,  and 
served  throughout 
the  war.  After  its 
close  he  entered  up 
on  the  practice  of 
law  in  Monroe,  La. 
In  1879  he  was  elect 
ed  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  the  state; 
and  by  the  death  of 
Gov.  Wiltz  in  1881 
became  governor  of 
Louisiana.  In  18&3  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  for  the  full  term  of  four  years.  In 
1888  he  was  appointed  for  a  term  of  twelve 
years  as  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court.  In  1896  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  for  term  expiring  in 
1903. 

McENIRY,  MATTHEW  J.,  lawyer,  poli 
tician,  was  born  April  9,  1858,  in  Zuma 
township,  near  Moline,  111.  He  received 
his  education  in  the 
public  schools,  St. 
John's  college,  Notre 
Dame  university,  and 
the  State  university 
of  Michigan.  Since 
1882  he  has  continu 
ously  been  a  member 
of  the  democratic 
committee,  and  a 
delegate  to  nearly 
every  state  conven 
tion  of  his  party 
since  1884.  He  has 
taken  an  active  interest  in  politics  and 
has  attained  success  as  a  platform  speak 
er.  Since  1888  he  has  practiced  law  with 
success  in  Moline,  III.,  and  since  1894  has 
been  postmaster  of  that  city. 


McENTEE,  JERVIS,  artist,  was  born 
July  14,  1828,  in  Rondout,  N.  Y.  His 
more  important  works  are  The  Melancholy 
Days  Have  Come;  Indian  Summer;  Late 
Autumn;  October  Snow;  Sea  from  Shore; 
Cape  Ann;  A  Song  of  Summer;  Winter  in 
the  Mountains;  Clouds;  The  Edge  of  a 
Wood;  Kaatskill  River;  Autumn  Mem 
ory;  Shadows  of  Autumn;  and  The  Kaats- 
kills  in  Winter;  Christmas  Eve;  and 
Shadows  of  Autumn.  He  died  Jan.  27, 
1891,  in  Rondout,  N.  Y. 

McETTRICK,  MICHAEL  J.,  journalist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  June 
22,  1846,  in  Roxbury,  Mass.  He  was  as 
sistant  assessor  of  Boston  in  1884;  and 
was  elected  the  same  year  to  the  house  of 
representatives  of  Massachusetts  and  re- 
elected  for  seven  consecutive  terms.  In 
1890  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

McEWAN,  THOMAS,  civil  engineer,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  26, 
1854,  in  Paterson,  N.  J.  In  1893  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  as 
sembly;  and  in  the  legislative  session  of 
1894  was  chosen  the  republican  leader  of 
the  house.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

McFADDEN,  BERNARD  ADOLPHUS, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1868  in  Mis 
souri.  He  is  a  teacher  of  physical  train 
ing  in  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of 
The  Athlete's  Conquest,  a  novel;  and  Sys 
tem  of  Physical  Training. 

McFADDEN,  OBADIAH  B.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1817  in  Washington  county,  Pa.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1843.  In  1853  he  was  ap 
pointed  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  for  the  territory  of  Oregon; 
in  1854  was  appointed  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  for  Washington  terri 
tory;  and  in  1858  was  appointed  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  same,  and  discharged  the  du 
ties  until  1861.  He  represented  his  district 
in  the  legislative  council;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a  delegate 
from  Washington  territory.  He  died 
June  25,  1875,  in  Olympia,  W.  T. 

McFARLAN,  DUNCAN,  state  senator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1805 
to  1807;  and  subsequently  a  member  of 
.the  state  senate  for  three  years. 

McFARLAND,  FRANCIS  PATRICK, 
bishop,  was  born  April  16,  1819,  in  Frank 
lin,  Pa.  In  1858  he  was  consecrated  bish 
op  of  the  see  of  Hartford;  and,  like  the 
two  first  bishops,  made  Providence  his 
residence.  He  died  Oct.  12,  1874,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

McFARLAND,  GEORGE  A.,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  April  8,  1858, 
in  Chagrin  Falls,  Ohio.  In  1887  he  became 
secretary  of  the  territorial  board  of  edu 
cation  of  Dakota.  After  the  territory  was 
divided  into  two  states,  he  entered  educa 
tional  work,  and  became  in  1892  president 
of  the  State  Normal  school  of  Valley  City, 
N.  D. 

McFARLAND,  NOAH  C.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  April  23,  1822,  in  Wash 
ington  county,  Pa.  From  1849  he  prac 
ticed  law  in  Hamilton,  Ohio;  and  in  1865 
was  elected  a  state  senator.  In  1870  he 
moved  to  Topeka,  Kas. ;  and  was  elected  a 
state  senator.  He  was  twice  appointed 
a  regent  of  the  university  of  Kansas;  and 
in  1881  was  appointed  commissioner  of 
the  general  land  office  at  Washington. 


1538 


HERRINGSHAW9    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


McFARLAND.  SAMUEL  GAMBLE, 
clergyman,  missionary,  was  born  Dec.  11, 
1830,  in  Washington  county,  Pa.  In  1849 
he  entered  West  Al 
exander  academy;  in 
1855  he  entered 
Washington  college. 
Pa.;  and  in  1857  he 
entered  the  Western 
and  Theological  sem 
inary  of  Allegheny 
City,  Pa.  In  1860 
he  was  sent  as 
a  missionary  to  Si- 
am,  under  the  board 
of  foreign  missions 
of  the  presbyterian 
church;  in  1879  he  was  principal  of  the 
government  school  for  boys  in  Bangkok; 
and  in  1896  he  returned  to  the  United 
States,  and  resided  in  Canonsburg,  Pa., 
until  his  death,  on  April  25,  1897.  With 
the  exception  of  short  vacations  to  his  na 
tive  county,  Dr.  McFarland  spent  thirty- 
five  years  in  mission  work  in  Siam. 

McFARLAND,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
15,  1821,  in  Dandridge,  Tenn.  He  was 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Tennessee; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

McFERRAN,  JOHN  COURTS,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1831  in  Kentucky.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war;  and  was  promoted  lieu 
tenant-colonel  in  1866,  and  served  sub 
sequently  as  chief  quartermaster  of  the 
•department  of  Washington  and  of  the  di 
vision  of  the  south.  He  died  April  25, 
1872,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

McFERRIN,  ANDERSON  PURDY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  25, 
1818,  in  Rutherford  county,  Tenn.  He  is 
a  methodist  clergyman  in  Tennessee;  and 
the  author  of  Sermons  for  the  Times; 
and  Heavenly  Shadows  and  Hymns. 

McFERRIN,  JOHN  BERRY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  June  15,  1807,  in  Ruth 
erford  county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  metho 
dist  clergyman  in  Tennessee;  and  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  Methodism  in  Tennes 
see.  He  died  May  10,  1887,  in  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

McGAFFEY,  ERNEST,  lawyer,  poet, 
was  born  in  1861  in  Ohio.  He  is  a  lawyer 
of  Chicago;  and  the  author  of  Poems  of 
Gun  and  Rod;  and  Poems. 

McGANN,  LAWRENCE  EDWARD,  bus 
iness  man,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
2,  1842,  in  Ireland.  He  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  in  1865  he  .moved 
to  Chicago.  In  1890  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  fifty-second  congress; 
and  received  the  re-election  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat.  He  was 
president  and  general  manager  of  the  Chi 
cago  General  Railway  company  until 
1896;  !>nd  the  following  year  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  of  public  works. 

McGARVEY,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  March  1,  1829,  in  Hopkinsville, 
Ky.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Bethany  college  of  W.  Va.;  and  in  1865 
was  elected  to  the  professorship  of  the 
Kentucky  university  of  Lexington.  In 
1895  he  became  president  of  the  College 
of  the  Bible,  and  professor  of  sacred  his 
tory.  In  1879  he  visited  Palestine,  and 
is  the  author  of  Lands  of  the  Bible;  Com 
mentaries  on  Matthew,  Mark,  and  Acts; 
Text  and  Canon  of  the  New  Testament; 
Credibility  and  Inspiration  of  the  New 
Testament;  and  a  Volume  of  Sermons. 

McGHEE,  CHARLES  McCLUNG,  rail 
road  president,  state  legislator,  was  born 


Jan.  23,  1828,  in  Monroe  county,  Tenn.  In 
1875  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legisla 
ture  as  a  democrat  and  served  for  two 
years,  but  since  resolutely  refused  public 
office.  He  was  for  many  years  president 
of  the  Knox\ille  and  Ohio  and  the  Mem 
phis  and  Charleston  railroads.  To  the  city 
of  Knoxville  he  has  given  the  Lawson 
McGhee  library  building  as  a  memorial  to 
a  deceased  daughter. 

McGIFFERT.  ARTHUR  CUSHMAN,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1861  in  New  York.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  professor  of  church  history  in 
Union  seminary;  and  the  author  of  Dia 
logue  of  Papias  and  Jason.  He  has  pub 
lished  a  translation  with  prolegomena  and 
notes  of  the  Church  History  of  Eusebius 
Pamphilus. 

McGILL,  ALEXANDER  TAGGART, 
clergyman,  educator,  was  born  Jan.  24, 
1807,  in  Canonsburg,  Pa.  He  became 
pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  church 
of  Carlisle;  and  in  1842  professor  of 
church  history  in  Western  Theological 
seminary,  Allegheny,  Pa.  He  died  Jan. 
13,  1889,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

McGILL,  ALEXANDER  TAGGART. 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Oct.  20,  1843,  in  Allegheny  county,  Pa. 
He  was  elected  to  the  New  Jersey  legis 
lature  in  1874;  re-elected  the  following 
year;  and  was  prosecutor  of  the  pleas  of 
Hudson  county  in  1878-83;  and  then  pres 
ident  of  the  county  courts  till  1887,  when 
he  was  chosen  chancellor  of  the  state  of 
New  Jersey. 

McGILL,  GEORGE  McCULLOCH,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  April  20,  1838,  in 
Hannah  Furnace,  Pa.  In  1864  he  was 
made  acting  medical  inspector  of  the  army 
of  the  Potomac,  and  served  as  such  until 
1865.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  bre- 
vetted  major.  He  died  July  20,  1867,  near 
Fort  Lyon,  Colo. 

McGILL,  GEORGE  WARRINGTON,  in 
ventor,  was  born  March  9,  1844,  in  Lan 
caster,  Ohio.  Beginning  life  himself  as 
a  civil  engineer,  he  turned  his  attention 
to  invention,  and  became  the  patentee  of 
useful  devices  before  he  had  attained  his 
majority.  He  has  received  over  two  hun 
dred  letters  patent  from  the  United  States 
government.  He  is  president  of  the  McGill 
Fastener  company. 

McGILL,  JOHN,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  4,  1809,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  a  Roman  catholh;  bishop  of  Rich 
mond;  and  the  author  of  Our  Faith  the 
Victory;  The  True  Church  Indicated;  and 
Life  of  John  Calvin,  from  the  French.  He 
died  Jan.  14,  1872,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

McGILLIVRAY,  JAMES  J.,  architect, 
manufacturer,  state  senator,  was  born 
June  16,  1848,  in  Canada.  He  moved  to 
Wisconsin,  and  since 
1866  has  been  a  resi 
dent  of  Black  River 
Falls.  He  is  a  noted 
architect  and  a  suc 
cessful  manufactur 
er.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  a  member  of 
the  Wisconsin  state 
assembly,  and  re 
ceived  the  re-elec 
tion  in  1892.  In  1894 
he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate,  and  has 
been  instrumental  in  introducing  and 
passing  numerous  bills  for  the  welfare  of 
his  state.  He  is  also  a  brilliant  orator, 
and  was  instrumental  in  the  election'  of 
John  C.  Spooner  as  United  States  senator. 

McGINNIS,  C.  H..  lawyer,  business 
man.  was  born  March  29,  1855,  in  Bastrop, 


Texas.  He  received  a  thorough  educa 
tion  and  attended  the  Military  academy 
of  his  native  city.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  and  business  man  of  Del  Rio,  Texas: 
was  state  ranger  in  1873;  county  attorney 
in  1878-79;  and  has  filled  various  other 
public  positions  of  honor. 

McGIRR,  JOHN  J.,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  March  13,  1855,  in  Youngstown,  Pa. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  McKeesport,  Pa.; 
and  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  The 
Destruction  of  the  World,  in  verse. 

McGLAUFLIN,  LUCY  SIBLEY,  educa 
tor,  lecturer,  reformer,  was  born  Nov.  23, 
1857,  in  Cuba,  N.  Y.  She  received  her  ed 
ucation  at  Cornell  university,  the  Emer 
son  College  of  Oratory  of  Boston,  and  un 
der  private  instructors.  She  was  a  suc 
cessful  educator  of  the  higher  branches 
in  the  public  schools;  professor  of  art  of 
expression  and  physical  culture  in  the 
American  Temperance  university,  and  in 
Miss  Hanna's  private  school  for  girls  in 
Atlanta,  Ga.  She  was  a  noted  lecturer,  re 
former  and  organizer  along  religious  and 
educational  lines.  She  was  the  wife  of 
the  Rev.  William  H.  McGlauflin.  and  died 
Sept.  19,  1897,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

McGLAUFLIN,  WILLIAM  HENRY, 
clergyman,  missionary,  lecturer,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  2,  1855,  in  Charlotte,  Maine. 
After  receiving  the  rudiments  of  his  edu 
cation  in  the  village  schools  he  graduated 
from  the  theological  department  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  university  of  Canton,  N.  Y.  He 
was  ordained  a  clergyman  of  the  univer- 
salist  church;  and  during  1882-87  served 
on  the  state  board  of  missions  for  his 
church,  and  filled  a  pastorate  at  Friend 
ship,  N.  Y.;  from  1887-91  he  filled  a  pas 
torate  in  Rochester,  Minn.;  and  since  1891 
has  been  engaged  in  southern  missionary 
church  extension  work.  He  has  founded 
churches  in  Harriman  and  Knoxville, 
Tenn.;  and  in  Atlanta,  Ga.  He  has  held 
official  positions  in  the  Good  Templar 
lodges,  Sons  of  Veterans,  Knights  and  La 
dies  of  Honor,  and  other  societies,  and  has 
been  a  delegate  to  the  highest  councils  of 
his  church.  He  is  a  successful  lecturer 
and  the  author  of  A  Memorial  of  his  Wife. 

McGLOIN,  FRANK,  soldier,  journalist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Feb.  22,  1846,  in  Ireland.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  a  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals 
of  New  Orleans;  and  in  1884  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  same  position.  He  is  the  author 
of  A  Romance  of  the  East;  and  a  poem 
entitled  Conquest  of  Europe. 

McGLYNN,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  was 
born  Sept.  27,  1837,  in  New  York  city. 
For  many  years  he  has  been  pastor  of  St. 
Stephen's  church  in  New  York  city;  and 
was  subsequently  excommunicated.  In 
1887  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Anti-Poverty  society,  of  which  he  be 
came  president. 

McGONEGAL,  JAMES,  contractor,  state 
legislator,  capitalist,  was  born  about  1822 
near  Londonderry,  Ireland.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  private 
schools  in  Scotland. 
Early  in  life  he  set 
tled  in  Detroit;  was 
an  alderman  during 
1863-67;  and  was  a 
representative  in  the 
Michigan  state  legis 
lature  from  that  city 
during  1871-72.  In 
1874  he  engaged  in 
the  contracting  busi 
ness;  and  since  1882 
has  resided  in  Kan 
sas  City,  Mo.,  where  he  has  been  actively 
identified  with  the  business  interests  of 
that  city. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


639 


McGOVERN,  PATRICK  K.,  catholic 
priest,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1826,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1848  he  graduated  from 
St.  John's  college  of 
Fordham,  N.  Y.  In 
September  of  the 
same  year  he  entered 
St.  Joseph's  Theolog 
ical  seminary  of 
Fordham,  N.  Y. ;  and 
in  1853  was  ordained 
a  priest.  Shortly  aft 
erward  he  became 
assistant  pastor  of 
Sts.  Peter  and  Paul's 
churches  of  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  Later  on 

he  was  placed  in  charge  of  St.  Mary's 
church  of  Croton-on-the-Hudson.  where 
he  now  is  and  has  been  during  the  past 
twenty  years.  His  benevolence  and  love 
of  truth  and  justice  haveendeared  him  not 
only  to  the  catholics,  but  to  the  people  of 
every  denomination.  In  1891  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  philosophy  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  St.  John's  college  of  Fordham 
N.  Y. 

McGOWAN,  JAMES  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  2,  1837,  in 
Mahoning  county,  Ohio.  He  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Michigan  from  1868  to 
1872;  and  served  one  term  in  the  state 
senate.  He  was  for  seven  years  a  regent 
of  the  university  of  Michigan,  resigning 
to  take  his  seat  as  a  representative  from 
Michigan  in  the  forty-fifth  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-sixth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

McGRATH,  A.  G.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  While  residing 
in  Charleston  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  United  States  court  for  the  district  of 
South  Carolina. 

McGRAW,  JENNIE,  philanthropist.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  John  McGraw,  mer 
chant.  At  her  death  she  bequeathed  to 
Cornell  university  a  library  fund  of  near 
ly  $1,000,000. 

McGRAW,  JOHN,  merchant,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  May  22,  1815,  in  Dryden, 
N.  Y.  He  was  one  of  the  original  trus 
tees  of  Cornell  university,  and  erected 
at  his  own  expense  at  a  cost  of  $150,000 
the  McGraw  building,  for  the  accommo 
dation  of  the  library  and  museum  of  the 
university.  He  died  May  4,  1877,  in  Ith 
aca,  N.  Y. 

MCGREGOR,  ALEXANDER,  clergyman, 

missionary.  For  many  years  he  was  sec 
retary  of  the  Rhode  Island  Home  Mission 
ary  society;  and  is  now  pastor  of  the  Paw- 
tucket  Congregational  church  of  Paw- 
tucket,  R.  I. 

MCGREGOR,  RICHARD  s.,  clergyman. 

lecturer,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1857,  in  Can 
ada.  He  graduated  from  the  Adrian  col 
lege  of  Michigan,  and  since  1879  has  been 
a  clergyman  in  the  methodist  episcopal 
church.  He  is  a  brilliant  lecturer,  and 
now  the  popular  pastor  of  one  of  the  larg 
est  churches  in  Michigan  at  Petoskey. 

McGREW.  JAMES  C.,  merchant,  ban 
ker,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  13,  1813,  in  Preston  county,  W. 
Va.  In  1863-65  he  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  West  Virginia,  having  as 
sisted  in  organizing  the  new  state.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
that  state  to  the  forty-first  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-secotod  con 
gress. 

McGREW,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
was  born  Feb.  17,  1817,  in  Shelbyville,  Ky. 
He  received  a  liberal  education  at  the 
country  schools,  and  at  the  Augusta  col 
lege,  Ky.  For  many  years  he  practiced 
law  in  Sacramento,  Cal.:  and  for  two 


years  was  city  recorder  of  that  city.  He 
subsequently  practiced  his  profession  in 
Phoenix,  Ariz. 

McGROARTY,  STEPHEN  JOSEPH, 
soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  in  1830  in  Ire 
land.  When  the  civil  war  began  he  raised 
a  company  of  Irish-Americans  for  three 
months,  with  which  he  re-enlisted  for 
three  years,  and  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1865.  He  died  Jan. 
2,  1870,  in  College  Hill.  Ohio. 

McGUFFBY,  WILLIAM  HOLMES,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  Sept.  23,  1800,  in  Washington  coun 
ty.  Pa.  He  became  president  of  Cin 
cinnati  college  in  1836,  and  in  1839  of 
Ohio  university.  From  1845  till  his  death 
he  occupied  the  chair  of  moral  philosophy 
and  political  economy  in  the  university 
of  Virginia.  He  died  May  4,  1873,  in 
Charlottesville,  Va. 

McGUINN,  ROBERT  ALEXANDER, 
clergyman,  poet,  was  born  July  5,  1859,  in 
Sabbot  Hill,  Va.  He  graduated  from  the 
Wayland  college  of  Washington,  D.  C.; 
and  from  the  Newton  Theological  insti 
tute,  Mass.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in 
Maryland,  California  and  New  Jersey; 
and  has  been  president  of  the  Choctaw 
institute  of  Oklahoma  territory.  He  has 
contributed  both  prose  and  verse  to  cur 
rent  publications,  and  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems. 

McGUIRE,  CHARLES  LINCOLN,  edu 
cator,  poet,  was  born  June  14,  1867,  in 
Sweet  Springs,  Mo.  He  received  a  thorough 
education,  and  has  attained  success  in  ed 
ucational  work.  He  has  been  principal 
of  several  large  schools  in  Nebraska  and 
Michigan.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number 
of  very  fine  poems;  and  contributes  to 
current  literature  on  various  subjects. 

McGUIRE,  FRANK  AUGUSTINE,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  July  1,  1851,  in 
New  York  city.  He  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  the  city  of  New  York;  and  is 
the  author  of  many  works  on  scientific 
subjects. 

McGUIRE,  HUNTER  HOLMES,  physi 
cian,  educator,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1835,  in 
Winchester,  Va.  In  1865  he  was  elected 
professor  of  surgery  in  Virginia  Medi 
cal  college,  Richmond,  which  chair  he 
held  till  1880.  In  1885  he  was  made  pro 
fessor  emeritus  in  that  institution. 

McGUIRE,  WILLIAM,  chief  justice  of 
United  States.  He  was  an  early  emigrant 
to  the  territory  of  Mississippi;  and  in  1798 
was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  that  district. 

McHATTON,  ROBERT,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky,  from  1826  to  1829. 

McHENRY,  ELLEN  J.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  22,  1827,  in  Chardon,  Ohio. 
She  is  the  author  of  an  epic  poem  en- 

^_~       titled  Legend  of  the 

Wandering  Jew, 
which  was  written 
twenty  years  ago. 
and  many  of  the 
prophecies  there  pre 
dicted  are  now  in 
course  of  rapid  ful 
filment.  Her  poems 
have  appeared  exten 
sively  in  current  lit 
erature  and  in  sev 
eral  standard  works. 
She  is  also  the  au 
thor  of  a  prose  work  entitled  Our  Boys. 
In  1847  she  married  John  McHenry.  cir 
cuit  judge  of  the  first  district  court  of  New 
Orleans,  La.  They  subsequently  moved 
to  California,  and  reside  in  the  city  of 
Berkeley. 


McHENRY,  HENRY  D.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1826,  in 
Hartford,  Ky.  He  received  a  thorough 
education;  and  in 
1845  graduated  from 
the  Transylvania 
school.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Ken- 
I  tucky  state  legisla 
ture  in  1851-52,  and  a 
member  of  the  state 
senate  in  1861-64.  He 
was  again  a  member 
of  the  Kentucky  state 
legislature  in  1865-66. 
He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  forty- 
second  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  served 
on  the  committee  on  the  Pacific  railroad. 
McHENRY,  JAMES,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  about  1755.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  Maryland  to  the  continental 
congress  from  1783  to  1786;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  that  framed  the  fed 
eral  constitution,  and  signed  that  instru 
ment.  He  was  secretary  of  war  from 
1796  to  1801.  He  died  May  3,  1816,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md. 

McHENRY,  JOHN  H.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1847. 

McILHENNEY,  CHARLES  MORGAN, 
artist,  was  born  April  4,  1858,  in  Phila 
delphia.  Among  his  pictures  are  Good 
Bye;  A  Gray  Summer  Noon;  The  Shadow 
of  Twilight  Falls  Silent  and  Gray;  The 
Old,  Old  Story;  and  The  Passing  Storm. 

McILVAINE,  ABRAHAM  R.,  farmer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1804,  in 
Crum  Creek,  Del.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1843  to  1849.  He  died  in  August, 
1863,  in  Chester  county,  Pa. 

McILVAINE,  CHARLES  PETITT,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1799,  in 
Burlington,  N.  J.  He  was  the  second 
protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Ohio,  and 
long  a  prominent 
figure  among  low 
churchmen.  He  was 
the  author  of  Evi 
dences  of  Christian 
ity;  Oxford  Divinity; 
The  Holy  Catholic 
Church;  and  The 
Truth  and  the  Life, 
which  include  his 
chief  works.  He  was 
the  second  president 
of  Kenyon  college,  serving  as  such  dur 
ing  1833-40;  and  was  the  second  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of  Ohio.  He  died  March 
13,  1873,  in  Florence,  Italy. 

McILVAINE,  JOSEPH,  Soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1768  in  Bristol,  Pa.  He  was  a  jurist;  and 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  New  Jer 
sey  from  1823  to  1826.  He  died  Aug.  19, 
1826,  in  Burlington,  N.  J. 

McILVAINE,  JOSHUA  HALL,  educator, 
clergyman,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  March  4,  1815,  in  Lewis,  Del.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  note  in 
the  middle  states  who  founded  Evelyn 
college  at  Princeton,  N.  J..  in  1887.  He 
was  professor  of  belles-lettres  at  Prince 
ton  college  in  1860-70,  and  president  of 
Evelyn  college  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Tree  of  the 
Knowledge  of  Good  and  Evil;  Elocution, 
the  Sources  and  Elements  of  its  Power; 
The  Wisdom  of  Holy  Scripture;  The  Wis 
dom  of  the  Apocalypse:  and  Pastoral  Di 
rections  to  Inquiring  Souls.  He  died  in 
1897. 


640 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


McILWAINE,  RICHARD,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  May  20,  1834, 
in  Petersburg,  Va.  He  was  secretary  of 
home  missions  in  1882-83;  and  since  1883 
has  been  president  of  Hampden  Sidney 
college,  Va. 

McINDOE,  WALTER  D.,  merchant, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  30,  1819,  in  Scotland.  He  served 
in  the  Wisconsin  legislature  in  1850,  1854, 
and  1855;  and  was  a  presidential  elector 
in  1856  and  1860.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-eighth  and  thirty-ninth  con 
gresses. 

McINNIS,  JAMES,  educator.  After 
completing  his  education  he  began  educa 
tional  work;  and  is  now  a  noted  educa 
tor  of  Ohio  at  Defiance.  He  has  contrib 
uted  extensively  to  current  literature  on 
educational  topics. 

McINTIRE,  ALBERT  WASHINGTON, 
lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  15, 
1853,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  In  1891  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  twelfth  judicial 
district  of  Colorado;  and  in  1895  was 
elected  governor  of  Colorado,  which  po 
sition  he  still  holds. 

McINTIRE,  JAMES  J.,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1827,  in  Frank 
lin,  N.  Y.  In  1853  he  graduated  from 
the  university  of  Rochester;  since  which 
time  he  has  held  pastorates  for  forty- 
four  years,  and  at  the  same  time  taught 
school  for  twenty-seven  years.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  was  principal  of  the  Water 
loo  institute  and  the  Marshall  academy, 
Wis.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as 
chaplain  of  the  forty-ninth  regiment  Wis 
consin  volunteer  infantry.  Soon  after  the 
war  he  located  in  Dakota;  has  been  su 
perintendent  of  public  instruction  for 
four  years;  and  is  still  actively  engaged  in 
pioneer  work  at  Spencer,  S.  D. 

McINTIRE,  WILLIAM  WATSON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  June  29,  1850, 
in  Franklin  county,  Pa.  He  became  gen 
eral  agent  of  the 
United  States  Life  In 
surance  company  for 
the  state  of  Mary 
land  and  the  District 
of  Columbia.  In  1887 
he  was  elected  as  a 
republican  to  the  city 
council  of  Baltimore 
city,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1888.  In 
the  campaign  of 
1895  he  was  treasur 
er  of  the  Maryland 
republican  state  and  city  committees,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

McINTOSH,  JAMES  McKAY,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  in  1792  in  Mclntosh  coun 
ty,  Ga.  He  entered  the  United  States 
navy  in  1811;  became  lieutenant  in  1818, 
commander  in  1838,  captain  in  1849,  and 
flag-officer  in  1857.  He  died  Sept.  1, 
1860,  in  Warrington,  Fla. 

McINTOSH,  JAMES  McQUEEN,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1828  in  Tampa  Bay,  Fla. 
He  became  captain  of  the  first  United 
States  cavalry  in  1857;  and  resigning  from 
the  army  in  1860,  was  commissioned  brig 
adier-general  in  the  confederate  army.  He 
was  killed  in  battle  Nov.  7,  1862,  near 
Pea  Ridge,  Ark. 

McINTOSH,  JAMES  SIMMONS,  soldier, 
was  born  June  19,  1787,  in  Liberty  county, 
Ga.  He  entered  the  United  States  army 
as  lieutenant  in  1812;  was  commissioned 
captain  in  1817;  major  in  1836;  and  lieu 
tenant-colonel  in  1839.  He  died  Sept.  26, 
1847,  in  Mexico  city. 


McINTOSH,  JOHN  BAILLIE,  soldier, 
was  born  June  6,  1829,  in  Tampa  Bay,  Fla. 
In  1865  he  was  commissioned  major-gen 
eral  for  meritorious  service  during  the 
war.  He  was  commissioned  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  forty-second  infantry  in 
1866.  He  died  June  29,  1888,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J. 

McINTOSH,  LACHLAN,  soldier,  was 
born  March  17,  1725,  in  Scotland.  He 
was  a  son  of  John  Mclntosh,  who,  with 
one  hundred  high- 
landers  emigrated  to 
Georgia  in  1736,  and 
settled  in  Darien,  Ga. 
He  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  land  sur 
veying  in  Georgia; 
and  on  the  outbreak 
of  the  revolution  was 
made  a  brigadier- 
general.  He  had  the 
confidence  of  Gen. 
Washington;  and  de 
fended  the  frontier  of 

Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  against  the 
Indians.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1806,  in  Sa 
vannah,  Ga. 

McINTOSH,  MARIA  JANE,  author,  was 
born  in  1803  in  Sunbury,  Ga.  She  was  a 
New  York  writer  whose  novels  and  tales 
of  domestic  life  enjoyed  a  long  popularity. 
Her  writings  include,  Praise  and  Princi 
ple;  Conquest  and  Self-Conquest;  Violet; 
Two  Lives,  or  To  Seem  and  To  Be; 
Charms  and  Counter-Charms;  The  Lofty 
and  the  Lowly;  Meta  Gray;  Two  Pictures; 
Evenings  at  Donaldson  Manor;  Aunt  Kit 
ty's  Tales;  Woman  in  America,  her  Work 
and  her  Reward;  and  The  Cousins,  a  ju 
venile  tale.  She  died  Feb.  25,  1878,  in 
Morristown,  N.  J. 

McINTOSH,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  po 
et,  was  born  April  23,  1852,  in  New  York 
city.  For  five  years  he  was  on  the  edi 
torial  staffs  of  the  New  York  Express  and 
New  York  Star;  and  since  1880  has  been 
managing  editor  of  the  Buffalo  Evening 
News.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
rare  poems. 

McINTYRE,  ARCHIBALD  THOMPSON, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1822,  in  Twiggs  county,  Ga. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Florida  state  leg 
islature  in  1849;  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention  of  Georgia  in 
1865;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-second 
congress. 

McINTYRE.  RUFUS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  19,  1784,  in  York,  Maine.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  Maine  legislature 
at  its  first  session;  and  was  then  appoint 
ed  county  attorney,  which  office  he  held 
until  elected  to  congress  as  a  representa 
tive  from  Maine,  serving  from  1827  to 
1835.  In  1826  he  was  a  commissioner  for 
settling  the  boundary  line  of  his  state; 
in  1836  was  a  member  of  the  legislature; 
and  was  appointed  land  agent  for  two 
years  in  1839.  He  was  subsequently 
United  States  marshal  for  Maine,  and  sur 
veyor  of  the  port  of  Portland  four  years. 
He  died  April  28,  1866,  in  Partonsfield, 
Maine. 

McJUNKIN,  EBENEZER,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  28,  1819,  in 
Butler  .county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-second  and  forty-third  con 
gresses  from  Pennsylvania;  and  resigned 
in  1874. 

McKAIG,  WILLIAM  McMAHON,  mer 
chant,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  29,  1845,  in  Cumber 
land,  Md.  He  was  appointed  city  attor 
ney  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  in  1876;  and  was 


elected  in  1877  from  Allegany  county  to 
the  lower  branch  of  the  Maryland  legis 
lature.  He  was  elected  state  senator  from 
Allegany  county  in  1887;  and  in  1890  was 
elected  mayor  of  Cumberland.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

McKAY,  JAMES  J.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  179S 
in  Bladen  county,  N.  C.  He  served  from 
1815  to  1831  in  the  North  Carolina  state 
senate;  was  at  one  time  United  States 
district  attorney;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1831  to  1849.  He 
died  Sept.  14,  1853,  in  Goldsborough.  N.  C. 

McKAY,  JAMES  T.,  poet,  was  born  in 
1843,  in  New  York.  He  is  a  noted  poet  of 
Huntington,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author  of 
a  volume  of  poems. 

McKAY,  WILLIAM  J.,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  was  born  May  29,  1847,  near  Bel 
fast,  Ireland.  Since  1870  he  has  been  a 
clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church;  has  been  presiding  elder  of  the 
Eau  Claire  district;  and  is  now  presid 
ing  elder  of  the  Madison  district.  In  1884, 
1888  and  in  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  general  conference. 

McKEAN,  JAMES  BEDELL,  soldier, 
educator,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  5,  1821,  in  Hoosic,  N.  Y.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  county  judge  for  Sara 
toga  county,  N.  Y.,  for  four  years.  In 
1858  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress.  After  leaving  congress  he  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  Utah. 

McKEAN,  JOSEPH  BORDEN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  July  28,  1764,  in  Penn 
sylvania,  rie  was  appointed  attorney  gen 
eral  of  Pennsylvania  by  his  father  in 
1800;  and  served  through  the  latter's  term 
as  governor.  He  was  subsequently  com 
missioned  associate  judge  of  the  district 
of  Pennsyhania,  and  at  his  death  was 
president  judge  of  the  court.  He  died  Sept. 
3,  1826,  in  Philadelphia. 

McKEAN,  SAMUEL,  congressman. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1790 
in  Huntingdon  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1823  to  1829;  and  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1833  to  1839.  He  died 
June  23,  1840,  in  McKean  county,  Pa. 

McKEAN,  THOMAS,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  March 
19, 1734,  in  New  London,  Pa.  In  1762  he  was 
elected  to  the  Dela 
ware  assembly,  and 
continued  in  that 
station  for  eleven 
years.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  New  York 
congress  in  1765; 
and  while  holding 
the  office  of  chief  jus 
tice  in  Pennsylvania 
was  elected  a  dele 
gate  from  Delaware 

to     the     continental 

congress    from    1774 

to  1776,  and  from  1778  to  1783.  He  was  a 
signer  of  the  declaration  of  independence, 
and  of  the  articles  of  confederation.  He 
was  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
In  Delaware.  He  was  governor  of  Penn 
sylvania  from  1799  to  1808.  He  died 
June  24,  1817,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

McKEAN,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  civ 
il  engineer,  soldier,  was  born  Aug.  21, 
1810,  in  Burlington,  Pa.  He  became  pay 
master  in  the  United  States  army  in  1861. 
He  died  April  19,  1870,  in  Marion,  Iowa. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


641 


McKEAN,  WILLIAM  WISTER,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1800,  in  Hunt 
ingdon  county,  Pa.  He  entered  the  navy 
as  a  midshipman  in  1814,  and  became  lieu 
tenant  in  1825;  commander  in  1841,  and 
captain  in  1855.  He  was  retired  in  1861 
and  became  commodore  on  the  retired 
list  in  1862.  He  died  April  22,  1865,  near 
Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

McKEE,  EDWIN  R.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1844,  in  Knox 
county,  III.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Memphis,  Mo.;  has  been  prosecuting 
attorney;  and  in  1896  was  elected  judge. 

McKEE,  GEORGE  COLIN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1836, 
In  Joliet,  111.  He  was  elected  attorney 
of  Centralia,  111.,  and  practiced  law.  He 
was  ordered  as  brigadier-general  to  en 
roll  and  equip  four  regiments  of  militia. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention  of  Mississippi.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fortieth  congress,  but  the  state 
was  refused  admission;  and  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  forty-first,  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses  from  Mississippi.  He 
died  Nov.  17,  1890,  in  Jackson,  Miss. 

McKEE,  JOHN,  public  official,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Rockbridge  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1823  to  1829. 

McKEE,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1809  to  1817. 

McKEE,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1833,  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Ky.  In  1865  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fortieth  congress  as  a  republican.  He 
was  also  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
loyalists'  convention  in  1866.  For  three 
years  he  was  United  States  pension  agent 
at  Louisville,  Ky. 

McKEEN,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1757,  in  Lon 
donderry,  N.  H.  He  was  a  successful 
clergyman  of  New  England,  and  became 
president  of  Bowdoin  college.  He  died 
July  15,  1807,  in  Brunswick,  Maine. 

McKEEN,  JOSEPH  JOHN,  business 
man,  public  official,  was  born  in  1789  in 
Beverly,  Mass.  For  many  years  he 
served  as  town  clerk  of  Brunswick, 
Maine,  and  was  secretary  of  the  board  of 
overseers  of  Bowdoin  college.  He  was 
postmaster  of  Brunswick,  and  served  as 
county  commissioner.  He  was  a  noted 
antiquarian;  took  great  interest  in  the 
Maine  Historical  society;  and  made  valu 
able  contributions  to  its  published  vol 
umes.  He  died  in  1861. 

McKEEVER,  CHAUNCEY,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1828  in  Maryland.  In  1875  he 
was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  and 
assistant  adjutant-general  for  faithful  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  civil  war. 

McKEEVER, 'HARRIET  BURN,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  28,  1807,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  She  was  a  Philadelphia  writer  of 
Sunday-school  fiction,  among  whose 
works  are,  Nothing  but  Leaves;  Edith's 
Ministry;  The  Old  Chateau;  and  Crown 
Jewels.  She  died  Feb.  7,  1886,  in  Chester 
Pa. 

McKEEVER,  ISAAC,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  April,  1793,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
entered  the  United  States  navy  as  mid 
shipman  in  1809;  and  was  made  lieu 
tenant  in  1814.  He  died  April  1,  1856,  in 
Norfolk,  Va. 

McKEIGHAN,  WILLIAM  ARTHUR, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan: 
19,  1842,  in  Cumberland  county,  N.  J.  He 
moved  to  Nebraska  in  1880,  and  settled  on 
a  farm  near  Red  Cloud.  He  was  elected 
41 


county  judge  of  Webster  county  in  1885. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  an 
independent. 

McKELWAY,  ST.  CLAIR,  journalist, 
was  born  March  15,  1845,  in  Columbia, 
Mo.  In  1878  he  accepted  the  chief  editor 
ship  of  the  Albany  Argus;  and  in  1885 
was  called  to  the  same  position  on  the 
Brooklyn  Daily  Eagle.  In  1883  he  ac 
cepted  the  position  of  regent  of  the  state 
university  of  New  York. 

McKENDREE,     WILLIAM,     methodist 
episcopal  bishop,  was  born  July  6,  1757,  in 
King  William  county,  Va.    His  father  was 
a     planter,     and     the 
•  son  was  trained   for 
i  the  same  calling.    In 
1810   the    family    re 
moved      to     Sumner 
county,  Tenn.   At  the 
beginning  of  the  rev 
olution,          William, 
then  twenty  years  of 
age,    joined    a    com 
pany   of   volunteers; 
was    for    some    time 
an    adjutant    in    the 
service.     He    was    a 

leader  in  the  methodist  episcopal  church, 
and  became  one  of  its  most  popular  bish 
ops.  He  died  March  5,  1835,  in  Sumner 
county,  Tenn. 

McKENNA,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1843,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  district  attorney 
of  Solano  county,  Cal.,  for  two  terms,  ' 
commencing  in  1866.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  California  legislature  in  1875 
and  1876.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  California  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fiftieth,  fifty-first,  and  fifty-second  con 
gresses.  In  1893  he  was  appointed  United 
States  circuit  judge;  and  in  1897  became 
attorney-general  of  the  United  States. 

McKENNA,  MAURICE  M.,  lawyer,  poet, 
was  born  May  31,  1846,  in  Springfield, 
Mass.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as 
a  member  of  com 
pany  I,  thirty-ninth 
regiment  Wisconsin 
volunteer  infantry. 
As  a  lawyer  he  has 
gained  a  good  repu 
tation  as  one  of  the 
foremost  practition 
ers  in  his  state; 
practices  in  the  state 
and  federal  courts; 
and  has  had  profes 
sional  engagements 
in  Iowa,  Kansas,  Illi 
nois,  Michigan,  and  Minnesota.  For  six 
years  he  was  clerk  of  the  courts  of  record 
in  Fond  du  Lac  county;  and  served  six 
terms  as  supervisor  of  the  first  ward  of 
the  city  of  Fond  du  Lac.  He  has  held 
numerous  positions  of  honor,  and  has  al 
ways  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  Elva 
Lee,  and  Other  Poems;  and  a  second  vol 
ume  which  was  published  in  1890  entitled 
Poems,  Rhymes,  and  Verses.  His  pro 
ductions  were  given  a  place  in  Poets  of 
America,  and  have  appeared  in  other 
standard  works. 

McKENNAN,  THOMAS  McKEAN 
THOMPSON,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  March  31,  1794,  in  New  Castle  coun 
ty,  Pa.  He  was  secretary  of  the  interior 
department  under  President  Fillmore  for 
a  brief  period;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1831 
to  1839,  and  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died 
July  9,  1852,  in  Reading,  Pa. 


McKENNAN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer  jurist 
was  born  Sept.  27,  1816,  in  Washington! 
Pa.  He  was  the  son  of  Thomas  M.  T 
McKennan.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  cir 
cuit  judge  of  the  United  States  for  the 
third  circuit.  His  only  other  public  posi 
tion  was  that  of  commissioner  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  peace  conference  of  1861. 

McKENNEY,  THOMAS  LORRAINE, 
merchant,  author,  was  born  March  21, 
1785,  in  Hopewell,  Md.  In  1826  he  was  a 
special  commissioner  with  Lewis  Cass  to 
negotiate  an  important  treaty  with  the 
Chippewa  Indians  at  Fond  du  Lac,  in  the 
territory  of  Michigan.  In  1827  he  published 
a  Tour  to  the  Lakes,  with  illustrations, 
and  also  originated  and  published,  in 
connection  with  James  Hall,  a  History  of 
the  Indian  Tribes.  He  also  published,  in 
1846,  two  volumes  entitled  Memoirs.  Of 
ficial  and  Personal,  with  Sketches  of  Trav 
el  among  the  Northern  and  Southern  In 
dians.  He  was  at  one  time  a  colonel  in 
the  militia.  He  died  Feb.  19,  1859,  in  New 
York  city. 

McKENNEY,  WILLIAM  ROBERTSON, 
was  born  Dec.  2,  1851,  in  Petersburg,  Va. 
He  has  practiced  law  since  1886  in  Chat 
ham,  Va.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

McKENTY,  JACOB  K.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1827,  in  Douglass- 
\ille,  Pa.  In  1856  he  was  elected  district 
attorney  for  Berks  county;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy.  He  died  Jan.  3,  1866,  in  Doug- 
lassville,  Pa. 

McKENZIE,  ALEXANDER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1830,  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass.  He  is  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Cambridge;  and  the  author 
of  Cambridge  Sermons;  History  of  the 
First  Church  in  Cambridge;  Some  Things 
Abroad;  and  The  Two  Boys. 

McKENZIE,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer,  farm 
er,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1840, 
in  Christian  county,  Ky.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Kentucky  state  legisla 
ture  from  1867  to  1871;  and  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1872.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

McKENZIE,  LEWIS,  banker,  railroad 
president,  congressman,  was  born  in  1810, 
in  Alexandria,  Va.  He  served  three  terms 
in  the  Virginia  state  legislature;  and  was 
mayor  of  Alexandria  during  the  first  year 
of  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Alexandria,  London,  and 
Hampshire  railroad,  and  of  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  Alexandria.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

McKENZIE,  WILLIAM  P.,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  in  1861,  in  Canada.  He  is 
a  successful  clergyman  of  East  Haven,  N. 
Y.;  and  the  author  of  two  volumes  of 
poems  entitled  A  Song  of  Trust;  and 
Voices  and  Undertones. 

McKEON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1808,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  New  York 
legislature  in  1832-34.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
twenty-fourth  congress;  and  was  again 
elected  a  representative  to  the  twenty- 
seventh  congress.  In  1846  he  became  dis 
trict  attorney,  and  served  two  terms.  In 
1853  he  was  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  southern  district  of 
New  York,  and  was  reappointed  in  1857; 
and  in  1881  was  again  elected  district  at 
torney  in  New  York  city.  He  died  Nov. 
22,  1883,  in  New  York  city. 


642 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


McKIBBIN,  JOSEPH  C.,  congressman, 
•was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  Having  taken 
up  his  residence  in  California  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state  to 
the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

McKIM,  ALEXANDER,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1748.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  Maryland  from  1809  to  1815. 
He  died  Jan.  18,  1832,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

McKIM,  CHARLES  FOLLEN,  architect, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1847,  in  Chester  county, 
Pa.  Among  his  best  productions  in  coun 
try  work  are  the  cottages  erected  in  New 
port,  Lenox,  and  other  summer  resorts. 
Among  his  city  residences  are  the  Tiffany 
house,  and  the  Villard  block  of  houses 
on  Madison  avenue,  New  York. 

McKIM,  ISAAC,  merchant,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1823  to  1825,  and  again 
from  1835  to  1838.  He  died  April  1,  1838, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

McKIM,  JAMES  MILLER,  clergyman, 
reformer,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1810,  in  Car 
lisle,  Pa.  He  was  an  active  abolitionist; 
a  member  of  the  convention  that  formed 
the  American  Anti-Slavery  society;  and 
in  1836  left  the  pulpit  to  accept  a  lectur 
ing  tour  under  its  auspices.  He  died  June 
13,  1874,  in  West  Orange,  N.  J. 

McKIM,  RANDOLPH  HARRISON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1842,  in  Mary 
land.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman;  rec 
tor  of  the  church  of  the  Epiphany  at 
Washington;  and  the  author  of  Nature 
of  the  Christian  Ministry;  Vindication  of 
Protestant  Principles;  Future  Punish 
ment;  Bread  in  the  Desert,  and  Other 
Sermons;  Christ  and  Modern  Unbelief; 
and  Christianity  and  Buddhism. 

McKINLEY,  JOHN,  governor,  was  born 
Feb.  24,  1724.  In  1777  he  was  elected  the 
first  go\ernor  of  Delaware.  He  died  Aug. 
31,  1796,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

McKINLEY,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  1,  1780,  in  Cul- 
peper  county,  Va.  He  moved  to  Ken 
tucky,  thence  to  Alabama;  and  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  Alabama  from  1826 
to  1837.  In  1837  he  was  appointed  a  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  July  19,  1852,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky. 

McKINLEY,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1810  to  1811. 

McKINLEY,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  was 
born  March  24,  1834,  in  Scotland.  In  1891 
he  was  appointed  chaplain  of  the  St.  Paul 
district,  Minnesota,  which  office  he  now 
holds. 

McKINLEY,  WILLIAM,  the  twenty- 
fifth  president  of  the  United  States,  was 
born  Jan.  29,  1843,  in  Niles,  Ohio.  He  was 
educated  in  the  pub 
lic  schools,  Poland 
academy,  and  Alle 
gheny  college.  Be 
fore  attaining  his  ma 
jority  he  taught  in  the 
public  schools;  en 
listed  as  a  private  in 
the  twenty  -  third 
Ohio  volunteer  in 
fantry  June  11,  1861; 
promoted  to  commis 
sary-sergeant  April 
15,  1862,  to  second 
lieutenant  Sept.  23,  1862,  to  first  lieuten 
ant  Feb.  7,  1863,  to  captain  July  25,  1864; 
served  successively  on  the  staffs  of  Gen 
erals  R.  B.  Hayes,  George  Crook,  and  Win- 
field  S.  Hancock,  and  was  brevetted  major 
in  the  United  States  volunteers  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  for  gallantry  in  battle  March 
13,  1865.  He  was  detailed  as  acting  assis 
tant  adjutant-general  of  the  first  division, 


first  army  corps,  on  the  staff  of  General 
S.  S.  Carroll;  and  was  mustered  out  of 
the  service  July  26,  1865.  Returning  to 
civil  life,  he  studied  law  in  Mahoning 
county;  took  a  course  at  the  Albany  (N. 
Y.)  Law  school,  and  in  1867  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  settled  at  Canton,  Ohio, 
which  has  since  been  his  home.  In  1869 
he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of 
Stark  county,  and  served  a  term  in  that 
office.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  national  house  of  representatives, 
and  for  fourteen  years  represented  the 
congressional  district  of  which  his  county 
was  a  part.  As  chairman  of  the  ways  and 
means  committee  he  reported  the  tariff 
law  of  1890,  but  in  November  following 
was  defeated  for  congress  in  a  gerryman 
dered  district,  although  reducing  the  usu 
al  adverse  majority  from  3,000  to  300.  In 

1891  he  was  elected  governor  of  Ohio  by 
a  plurality  of  21,511,  and  in  1893  was  re- 
elected   by  a  plurality  of  80,995;    and  in 
1884  was  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  repub 
lican  national   convention  and  supported 
James  G.  Elaine  for  president.    He  was  a 
member  of  the  committee  on  resolutions 
and  read  the  platform  to  the  convention. 
In  1888  he  was  also  a  delegate  at  large 
from  Ohio,  supporting  John  Sherman,  and 
as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  resolu 
tions  again  reported  the  platform;    and  in 

1892  was  again  a  delegate  at   large  from 
Ohio,  and  supported  the  renomination  of 
Benjamin  Harrison,  and  served  as  chair 
man  of  the  convention.     At  that  conven 
tion  182  votes  were  cast  for  him  for  presi 
dent,  although  he  had  persistently  refused 
to   have   his  name   considered.     On   June 
18,  1896,  he  was  nominated  for  president 
at  St.  Louis,  receiving  661  out  of  a  total  of 
905   votes.     He  was   elected  president  at 
the  ensuing  November  election  by  a  popu 
lar  plurality  of  600,000  votes,  and  received 
271  electoral  votes  as  against  176  for  Wil 
liam  J.  Bryan  of  Nebraska. 

McKINNEY,  ARTHUR  L.,  clergyman, 
jurist,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1819,  in  Clarke 
county,  Ohio.  For  a  quarter  of  a  century 
he  was  engaged  in  the  ministry;  has  held 
a  professorship  in  the  Antioch  college; 
and  for  three  years  during  the  civil  war 
was  chaplain  of  the  seventy-first  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry.  For  four  years  he  was 
treasurer  of  Miami  county,  Ohio;  was 
probate  judge  of  that  county;  and  for  six 
years  was  mayor  of  Troy,  Ohio.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Life  and  Times  of  Rev. 
Isaac  N.  Walter;  Positive  Theology;  and 
numerous  papers  on  Christian  Theology, 
Politics  and  Science. 

McKINNEY,  JOHN  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  12,  1827,  in 
Piqua,  Ohio.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress;  and  was  again  elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

McKINNEY,  LUTHER  FRANKLIN, 
soldier,  educator,  clergyman,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  25,  1841,  near  New 
ark,  Ohio.  He  moved  to  New  Hampshire 
in  1873;  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  con 
gress  in  1886;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

McKINNEY,  MORDECAI,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  author,  was  born  about  1796,  in  Car 
lisle,  Pa.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Harrisburg; 
and  the  author  of  Pennsylvania  Justice 
of  the  Peace;  United  States  Constitution 
al  Manual;  Our  Government;  The  Amer 
ican  Magistrate  and  Civil  Officer;  Penn 
sylvania  Tax  Laws;  and  Digest  of  Penn 
sylvania  Banking  Laws.  He  died  Dec.  19, 
1867,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

McKINNEY,  MYRTLE,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  21,  1868,  in  Greencastle, 
Iowa.  She  has  attained  success  in  educa 
tional  work;  and  has  contributed  both 


prose  and  verse  to  leading  newspapers 
and  magazines. 

McKINNEY,  PHILIP  WATKINS,  law 
yer,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
May  1,  1832,  in  Buckingham  county,  Va. 
In  1872  he  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
Virginia;  and  in  1889  was  elected  gov 
ernor. 

McKINSTRY,  JAMES  PATERSON, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1807,  in 
Spencertown,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the  navy 
as  midshipman  in  1826,  and  became  lieu 
tenant  in  1837.  In  1855  he  was  appointed 
commander;  and  in  1866  was  appointed 
commodore.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1873,  in  De 
troit,  Mich. 

McKINSTRY,  JUSTUS,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1821,  in  New  York.  He  served 
with  distinction  in  the  Mexican  and  civil 
wars;  and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general. 

McKINSTRY,  LEVI  C.,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1834,  in  West 
Newbury,  Mass.  He  served  a  year  in  the 
civil  war;  is  a  dis 
tinguished  clergy 
man  of  Melrose  High 
lands,  Mass.;  and  the 
author  of  several 
books,  hymns  and 
poems.  He  is  a  con 
stant  contributor  to 
the  religious  press; 
and  his  poems  have 
been  given  a  place 
in  Poets  of  America, 
and  various  other 
standard  collections. 
Several  of  his  poems  have  also  been  set 
to  music. 

McKISSOCK,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1798,  in  Ulster 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  New  York;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1849  to  1851. 
McKISSON,  ROBERT  ERASTUS,  law 
yer,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1863,  in  Northfield, 
Ohio.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  city 
council  of  Cleveland,  Ohio;  was  elected 
mayor  of  that  city  in  1895  for  two  years; 
and  received  the  re-election  to  a  second 
term  in  1897. 

MCKNIGHT,  GEORGE,  physician,  poet, 

was  born  March  14,  1840,  in  Sterling,  N.  Y. 
Since  1864  he  has  practiced  medicine  in 
Sterling,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  Firm 
Ground,  a  collection  of  religious  sonnets, 
revised  and  reissued  with  the  title  Life 
and  Faith. 

MCKNIGHT,  HARVEY  WASHINGTON, 

educator,     college     president,    was     born 

April  3,  1843,  in  McKnightstown,  Pa.,  the 

son   of   Thomas   Mc- 

••••^^••••1  Knight,  a  farmer  and 

/**\  .  merchant,  and  the 
founder  of  M  c  - 
Knightstown.  In  1862 
he  enlisted  in  com 
pany  B,  one  hundred 
and  thirty-eighth 
regiment  Pennsyl 
vania  volunteer  in 
fantry,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  second  lieu 
tenant.  In  1865  he 
graduated  from  the 
Pennsylvania  college,  and  two  years  later 
from  the  Theological  seminary  of  Gettys 
burg.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  New- 
ville  and  Easton,  Pa.,  and  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  In  1884  he  was  chosen  president 
of  the  Pennsylvania  college,  which  office 
he  has  since  filled.  He  was  president  of 
the  general  synod  of  the  evangelical  Lu 
theran  church  of  the  United  States  during 
1889-91;  and  has  published  various  ser 
mons  and  papers  on  educational  and  re 
ligious  subjects. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


643 


McKNIGHT,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1820,  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  From  1847  to  1849  he  was  a  member 
of  the  city  council  of  Pittsburg,  and  the 
last  two  years  president  of  that  body.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress. 

McLACHLAN,  JAMES,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  August,  1815,  in 
Scotland.  During  1881-88  he  practiced 
law  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  then  removed  to 
Pasadena,  Cal.,  and  there  continued  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  on  the  republican  ticket  to  the 
office  of  school  commissioner  of  Tomp- 
kins  county,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1890  was  elected 
district  attorney  of  Los  Angeles  county, 
Cai.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

McLANAHAN,  JAMES  XAVIER,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1809,  in  Greencastle,  Pa.  In  1841 
he  served  in  the  Pennsylvania  legisla 
ture;  and  was  afterward  elected  to  con 
gress  as  a  democrat,  holding  his  seat  from 
1849  till  1853.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1861,  in 
New  York  city. 

McLANDBURGH,  FLORENCE,  author, 
was  born  April  22,  1850,  in  Chillicothe, 
Ohio.  Several  brilliant  short  stories  that 
she  contributed  to  periodicals  ga\e  her  a 
reputation,  and  she  afterward  published 
a  collection  of  them  in  book-form,  under 
the  title  of  The  Automaton  Ear. 

McLANE,  JEREMIAH,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1767.  He  was  for 
twenty-one  years  secretary  of  state  of 
Ohio;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1833  to  1837. 
He  died  March  19,  1837,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

McLANE,  JOHN,  legislator,  was  born 
Feb.  27,  1852,  in  Lennoxtown,  Scotland. 
He  served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  New  Hampshire  state  senate  in  1891 
and  in  1893;  and  was  made  president  of 
those  sessions.  He  lives  at  Milford,  N.  H.; 
and  his  portrait  hangs  in  the  new  library 
building  of  the  state  capitol. 

McLANE,  LOUIS,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
May  28,1786,  in  Smyrna,  Del.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  con 
gress  from  Delaware 
from  1817  to  1827;  and 
a  senator  in  congress 
from  1827  to  1829.  In 
1829  he  was  appoint 
ed  minister  to  Eng 
land;  and  in  1831  re 
ceived  the  appoint 
ment  of  secretary  of 
the  treasury.  In  1833 
he  was  secretary  of 
state.  In  1837  he  was 
chosen  president  of 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  com 
pany,  and,  removing  to  Maryland,  dis 
charged  the  duties  of  that  office  until 
1847.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1857,  in  Baltimore, 
Md. 

McLANE,  ROBERT  MILLIGAN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  June  23,  1815,  in  Wil 
mington,  Del.  In  1845  and  1846  he  was 
•elected  to  the  Maryland  legislature.  From 
1847  to  1851  he  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Maryland.  In  1852  he  was 
a  presidential  elector;  and  in  1853  was  ap 
pointed  minister  to  China.  In  1859  he 
was  appointed  minister  to  Mexico.  In 
1876  he  was  elected  a  state  senator.  He 
was  again  a  representative  from  Mary 


land  in  the  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh 
congresses;  declined  a  renomination; 
and  in  1883  was  elected  governor  of  Mary 
land.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  United 
States  minister  to  France. 

McLAREN,  DONALD  CAMPBELL,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1794,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  moderator  of  the  gen 
eral  assembly  of  the  associate  reformed 
church  at  the  meeting  in  Pittsburg,  when 
by  union  with  the  associate  church  the 
united  presbyterian  church  was  formed. 
He  died  May  7,  1882,  in  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

MCLAREN,   ROBERT    NEIL,   soldier, 

state  senator,  was  born  April  9,  1828,  in 
Geneva,  N.  Y.  In  1859-61  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Minnesota  senate.  He  served  in 
the  civil  war,  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers.  After  the  war  he 
became  collector  of  internal  revenue  for 
Minnesota  and  United  States  marshal  for 
that  state.  He  died  July  30,  1886,  in  St. 
Paul,  Minn. 

MCLAREN,  WILLIAM  EDWARD,  bish 
op  of  Chicago,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1831,  in 
Geneva,  N.  Y.  By  the  generous  action  of 
his  lay  friends  he  has  founded  the  Theo 
logical  seminary  at  Chicago,  which  has 
a  fine  group  of  buildings,  a  partial  endow 
ment,  and  an  able  faculty;  and  the  Water 
man  hall,  a  school  for  girls,  near  Chicago. 
He  has  published  Catholic  Dogma  the  An 
tidote  of  Doubt;  The  Inner  Proofs  of  God; 
and  The  Practice  of  the  Interior  Life;  be 
sides  numerous  addresses,  sermons,  and 
poems. 

MCLAREN,  WILLIAM  PRATT,  mer 
chant,  was  born  June  19,  1834,  in  Scotland. 
In  1864  he  settled  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
He  was  one  of  the  original  incorporators 
of  the  Northwestern  National  Insurance 
company.  He  has  twice  filled  the  office 
of  vice-president  of  the  chamber  of  com 
merce. 

McLAUGHLEN,  NAPOLEON  BONA 
PARTE,  soldier,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1823,  in 
Chelsea,  Vt.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general,  United  States  army,  in  1865,  for 
gallant  conduct  in  the  field  during  the 
war.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1887,  in  Middle- 
ton,  N.  Y. 

MCLAUGHLIN,  ANDREW  CUNNING 
HAM,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1861, 
in  Illinois.  He  is  a  professor  of  Ameri 
can  history  at  the  university  of  Michigan 
from  1891;  and  the  author  of  Life  of 
Lewis  Cass. 

MCLAUGHLIN,  EDWARD  AUGUSTUS, 

poet,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1798,  in  North 
Stamford,  Conn.  He  published  a  volume 
containing,  besides  some  graceful  shorter 
pieces,  The  Lovers  of  the  Deep,  a  long 
poem  in  Spencerian  stanza.  He  died  Nov. 
15,  1861,  in  New  York  city. 

McLAUGHLIN,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  March  27,  1841,  in  Ros- 
coe,  Ohio.  For  years  he  was  chairman  of 
the  republican  county  committee;  and  is 
now  a  member  of  the  state  assembly  of 
the  New  York  legislature. 

McLAURIN,  ANSELM  JOSEPH,  lawyer, 
legislator,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  March  26,  1848,  in  Brandon,  Miss. 
He  was  elected  district  attorney  for  the 
fifth  district  at  Raleigh,  Miss.;  and  moved 
to  Brandon  in  1876,  after  four  years'  ser 
vice  as  district  attorney.  He  was  elected 
to  represent  Rankin  county  in  the  legis 
lature  in  1879;  was  chosen  presidential 
elector  for  the  state  at  large  in  1888;  and 
was  elected  to  the  constitutional  conven 
tion  in  1890.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1894.  In  1896  he  became 
governor  of  Mississippi. 


McLAURIN,  JOHN  FREDERICK,  law 
yer,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1864,  in  Kemper 
county,  Miss.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools, 
and  attended  the 
Wesling  college  of 
San  Augustine,  Tex. 
He  has  attained 
prominence  as  an 
able  lawyer  of  San 
Augustine,  Tex.;  has 
served  as  United 
States  district  attor 
ney  for  the  eastern 
district  of  Texas; 
and  takes  an  active 
part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county 
and  state. 

McLAURIN,  JOHN  LOUNDES,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May  9, 
1860,  in  Red  Bluff,  S.  C.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  to  the  general 
assembly  of  South 
Carolina;  and  was 
elected  attorney-gen 
eral  of  that  state  the 
following  year.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fif 
ty-second,  fifty-third, 
and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses,  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  demo 
crat;  and  has  served 
on  numerous  import 
ant  committees.  He  takes  a  deep  interest 
in  the  material  development  of  the  south; 
and  his  speeches  on  the  subject  have  given 
him  a  national  reputation. 

McLAURY,  WILLIAM  M.,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1830,  in  Kort- 
right,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  success  as  a 
physician  of  New  York  city;  and  is  the 
author  of  An  Essay  on  the  Mind;  Crema 
tion;  The  Senses,  Five  or  Seven;  Sym 
bols,  Emblems,  and  Sacred  Numbers;  and 
numerous  other  works. 

McLEAN,  ALNEY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Burke  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1815  to  1817,  and  again  from  1819  to 
1821. 

MCLEAN,  DANIEL  VEECH,  educator, 

was  born  Nov.  24,  1801,  in  Fayette  county, 
Pa.  He  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Ten- 
nent,  Monmouth  county,  N.  J.,  and  four 
years  later  of  a  church  organized  by  him 
at  Freehold,  with  which  he  remained  till 
1850,  when  he  was  chosen  president  of  La 
fayette  college.  He  died  Nov.  23  1860  in 
Red  Bank,  N.  J. 

McLEAN,  FINIS  E.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1851. 

McLEAN,  FRANCIS  J.,  lawyer,  finan 
cier.  He  received  a  thorough  education, 
and  then  began  educational  work  in  the 
states  of  Pennsyl 
vania  and  New  York. 
In  1867  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar, 
and  since  1867  has 
followed  that  profes 
sion  in  Menomonie, 
Wis.  In  1883  he 
helped  to  organize 
the  First  National 
bank  of  Menomonie, 
of  which  he  is  pres 
ident  and  one  of  the 
largest  stockholders. 

He  is  also  interested  in  several  other 
financial  institutions  in  different  parts  of 
the  state;  and  has  contributed  generous 
ly  to  every  good  work  and  enterprise. 


644 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


McLEAN,  JAMES  H.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  13, 
1829,  in  Scotland.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
seventh  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

McLEAN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  11,  1785,  in 
Morris  county,  N.  J.  In  1812  he  became 
a  candidate  to  repre 
sent  his  district  in 
congress  from  Ohio, 
and  was  elected  by  a 
large  majority.  In 
1814  he  was  again 
elected  to  congress 
by  a  unanimous  vote, 
and  remained  a 
member  of  the  house 
o  f  representatives 
until  1816,  when,  the 
legislature  of  Ohio 
having  elected  him  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state, 
he  resigned  his  seat  in  congress  at  the 
close  of  the  session.  He  remained  six 
years  upon  the  supreme  bench  of  Ohio; 
and  in  1822  was  appointed  commissioner 
of  the  general  land  office.  In  1823  he  be 
came  postmaster-general;  and  in  1829  was 
appointed  a  justice  of  the  United  States 
supreme  court.  His  name  was  thrice 
brought  before  conventions  as  a  candidate 
for  the  presidency.  He  died  April  4,  1861, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

McLEAN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1791, 
in  North  Carolina.  In  1818  he  was  elected 
a  representative  to  congress  from  Illinois 
and  served  one  term.  He  was  several 
times  a  member  of  the  state  legislature, 
and  frequently  speaker  of  the  house;  and 
from  1824  to  1825  was  United  States  sen 
ator  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  again 
elected  in  1829  for  the  term  ending  in 

1835.  He  died  Oct.  4,  1830,   in  Shawnee- 
town,  111. 

McLEAN,  JOHN  HOWELL,  clergyman, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  Sept. 
24,  1838,  in  Hinds  county,  Miss.  For  twen 
ty  years  he  has  filled  successively  circuits, 
stations,  and  districts  in  the  methodist 
episcopal  church  south.  For  seventeen 
years  he  has  been  a  professor  in  the 
Southwestern  university  of  Georgetown, 
Tex.,  of  which  institution  he  has  been 
president  since  1889.  He  has  been  elected 
five  times  as  a  delegate  to  the  general 
conference;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
ecumenical  conference  held  in  Washing 
ton  in  1891. 

McLEAN,  JOHN  RAY,  journalist,  was 
born  in  1849,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1877 
he  assumed  the  editorship  and  manage 
ment  of  the  Cincinnati  Enquirer,  which 
position  he  still  holds. 

McLEAN,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  delegate  from  the  territory 
of  Montana  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress. 

McLEAN,  MRS.  SARAH  E.  PULVER, 
poet,  was  born  June  26,  1854,  in  Waterloo, 
N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
meritorious  poems. 

McLEAN,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Morris  county,  N.  J.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1823  to  1829;  and  when  in  congress  was 
mainly  instrumental  in  procuring  an  ap 
propriation  of  half  a  million  acres  of  land 
for  the  extension  of  the  Ohio  canal  from 
Cincinnati  to  Cleveland.  He  died  Oct.  12, 
1839,  in  Morris  county,  N.  J. 

McLEAN,  WILLIAM  P.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  9, 

1836,  in    Hinds    county,    Miss.     He    was 
elected    to   the    legislature   of   Texas   in 


1861;  and  resigned  to  enter  the  confeder 
ate  army,  in  which  he  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  again  a  member 
of  the  legislature  in  1869;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 
McLEER,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born  in 
December,  1840,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war,  attaining 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 

McLELLAN,  ISAAC,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  May  21,  1806,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  He  was  for  a  time  associate 
editor  of  the  Boston 
Daily  Patriot;  and 
afterward  published 
a  monthly  magazine, 
which  was  finally 
consolidated  with 
the  Weekly  Pearl. 
He  is  the  author  of 
The  Fall  of  the  In 
dian;  The  Year,  and 
Other  Poems;  Jour 
nal  of  a  Residence  in 
Scotland;  Mount  Au 
burn;  and  Poems  of 
the  Rod  and  Gun;  and  other  works. 

McLENE,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  14,  1730,  in  New  London,  Pa. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
convention  in  1776;  of  the  assembly  sev 
eral  times  between  1776  and  1794,  and  its 
speaker  in  1778;  and  of  the  supreme  ex 
ecutive  council  of  the  state  in  1778  and 
1783-84.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
continental  congress  in  1778-80.  He  died 
March  13,  1806,  in  Antrim,  Pa. 

McLEOD,  ALEXANDER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  June  12,  1774,  in  Scot 
land.  He  was  a  reformed  presbyterian 
minister  of  New  York  city,  famous  as  a 
preacher  in  his  day;  and  the  author  of 
Negro  Slavery  Unjustifiable;  The  Mes 
siah;  Life  and  Power  of  True  Godliness; 
and  American  Christian  Expositor.  He 
died  Feb.  17,  1883,  in  New  York  city. 

McLEOD,  ALFRED  ROSS,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1864,  in  Ver 
sailles,  Mo.  In  1885  he  graduated  from 
the  Hooper  institute  of  Clarksburg,  Mo.; 
and  in  1889  from  the  Missouri  Medical 
college  of  St.  Louis.  He  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent  physicians  of  Kansas 
City,  Kan.;  is  a  member  of  the  St.  Mar 
garet  and  Bethany  hospital  of  that  city; 
and  a  prominent  member  of  several  fra 
ternal  orders  and  medical  societies. 

McLEOD,  HUGH,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1814,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Texas  congress 
in  1842-43,  and  served  throughout  the 
Mexican  war,  and  subsequently  in  the 
state  legislature  after  the  annexation  of 
Texas.  He  joined  the  confederate  army 
in  1861,  and  was  commissioned  a  colonel 
of  the  first  Texas  regiment,  with  which  he 
participated  in  the  first  Virginia  cam 
paign.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1862,  in  Dum 
fries,  Va. 

McLEOD,  J.  A.,  physician,  surgeon, 
business  man,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1854,  in 
Canada.  He  practiced  his  profession  in 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  un 
til  1887,  when  he 
moved  to  Ironwood, 
Mich.  Here  he  was 
appointed  surgeon 
of  the  Metropolitan 
Iron  and  Land  com 
pany,  and  various 
other  companies.  He 
is  proprietor  of  a 
drug  store;  the  pres 
ident  of  the  Iron- 
wood  Stove  com 
pany;  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Ironwood  Electric  com 
pany;  was  president  of  the  Curry  Hotel 


company;  and  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  First  National  bank  of  Ironwood, 
of  which  institution  he  served  as  vice- 
president.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  city  council;  was  the  first  captain  of 
Curry  rifles;  and  in  1894  was  detailed  as 
acting  brigade  surgeon  of  the  Michigan 
National  guards. 

McLEOD,  XAVIER  DONALD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1821,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  Roman  catholic 
clergyman,  but  before  1852  an  episcopal 
clergyman;  and  the  author  of  Pynnshurst, 
his  Wanderings  and  Ways  of  Thinking; 
Life  of  Sir  Walter  Scott;  Life  of  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots;  Our  Lady  of  Litanies; 
and  Devotion  to  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary. 
He  died  July  20,  1865  near  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

McMAHON,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1833,  in  Frederick 
county,  Md.  He  held  no  official  position 
until  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

McMAHON,  JOHN  VAN  LEAR,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1800,  in  Mary 
land.  He  was  a  prominent  lawyer  and 
politician  of  Maryland,  whose  Historical 
View  of  Maryland  is  an  authority  on  the 
early  history  of  the  province.  He  died 
June  15,  1871,  in  Cumberland,  Md. 

McMAHON,  LAURENCE  STEPHEN, 
Roman  catholic  bishop,  was  born  Dec. 
24,  1835,  in  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  vicar- 
general  of  the  see  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  in 
1872-79,  and  at  the  latter  date  was  conse 
crated  bishop  of  Hartford,  Conn. 

McMAHON,  MARTIN  THOMAS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  March  21,  1838,  in  La- 
prairie,  Canada.  He  resigned  from  the 
army  in  1866,  after  receiving  the  brevets 
of  brigadier-  and  major-general  of  volun 
teers  in  1865.  In  1872  he  was  appointed 
receiver  of  taxes  in  New  York  city,  which 
office  he  held  until  1885,  when  he  became 
United  States  marshal  of  the  southern 
district  of  New  York. 

McMAKIN,  MARY  AUGUSTA,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  30,  1833,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  She  has  contributed  short  stories  to 
leading  periodicals. 

McMANUS,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Rensselaer  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1825  to  1827. 

McMASTER,  ERASMUS  DARWIN,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  Feb.  4,  1806,  in  Mercer,  Pa.  He 
became  president  of  South  Hanover  col 
lege,  Indiana,  in  1838,  but  resigned  in  1845 
to  accept  the  presidency  of  Miami  univer 
sity.  After  four  years'  service  in  that  in 
stitution  he  was  made  professor  of  sys 
tematic  theology  in  New  Albany  Theologi 
cal  seminary,  and  from  1866  till  his  death, 
a  few  months  afterward,  occupied  the 
same  chair  in  the  Theological  seminary 
of  the  northwest,  Chicago,  111.  He  died 
Sept.  11,  1866,  in  Chicago,  111. 

McMASTER,  GILBERT,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1778,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  a  reformed  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  Duanesburgh,  N.  Y.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Shorter  Catechism  Analyzed; 
Apology  for  the  Psalms;  and  Moral  Char 
acter  of  Civil  Government.  He  died  March 
15,  1854,  in  New  Albany,  Ind. 

McMASTER,  GUY  HUMPHREY,  jurist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1829,  in 
Clyde,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  jurist  and  poet  of 
Bath,  in  central  New  York.  He  wrote  a 
History  of  Steuben  County,  but  his  name 
lingers  in  anthologies  as  author  of  the 
well-known  lyric,  Carmen  Bellicosum.  He 
died  Sept.  13,  1887,  in  Bath,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


645 


McMASTER,  JAMES  ALPHONSUS, 
journalist,  was  born  April  1,  1820,  in  Sche- 
nectady,  N.  Y.  In  1848  he  bought  the 
Freeman's  Journal  and  Catholic  Register, 
and  for  nearly  forty  years  was  regarded 
as  the  chief  Roman  catholic  journalist  in 
this  country.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1886,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

McMASTER,  JOHN  BACH,  educator, 
author,  was  born  June  29,  1852,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  professor  of  American 
history  at  the  university  of  Pennsylvania 
from  1883,  and  prior  to  that  date  an  in 
structor  in  engineering  at  Princeton  col 
lege.  He  is  the  author  of  Bridge  and  Tun 
nel  Centres;  High  Masonry  Dams;  His 
tory  of  the  People  of  the  United  States; 
Franklin  as  a  Man  of  Letters;  and  Penn 
sylvania  and  the  Federal  Constitution. 

McMICHAEL,  JACKSON  BURGESS, 
clergyman,  educator,  college  president, 
was  born  July  22,  1833,  in  Poland,  Ohio. 
Since  1878  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Monmouth  college,  Illinois,  where  he  is 
also  professor  of  psychology,  logic,  and 
biblical  history. 

McMICHAEL,  JOHN  M.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  March  16, 
1838,  in  Xenia,  Ohio.  He  attained  success 
as  a  lawyer  of  Plattsburg,  Mo.;  has  been 
city  attorney  and  mayor  of  that  city;  and 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  state  legislature.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  national  convention  which 
nominated  Tilden  at  St.  Louis  in  1876; 
was  vice-president  of  the  national  silver 
convention  which  met  in  St.  Louis  in  1889; 
and  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in 
political  affairs.  He  is  the  editor  of  The 
Leader  of  Plattsburg,  Mo. 

McMICHAEL,  MORTON,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1807,  in  Burling 
ton,  N.  J.  He  was  sole  proprietor  of  the 
North  American  and  United  States  Ga 
zette  from  1854  till  his  death.  He  died 
Jan.  6,  1879,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

McMICHAEL,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  4,  1841,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city;  and  in 
1871  he  was  appointed  assistant  attorney- 
general  of  the  United  States,  holding  the 
position  until  1873. 

McMILLAN,  A.  L.,  poet,  evangelist,  was 
born  March  26,  1867,  in  Clinton,  111.  She 
is  a  licensed  evangelist,  and  known 
throughout  the  state  of  Kansas  as  the 
poet-evangelist.  She  is  the  author  and 
composer  of  several  popular  songs;  and 
in  1896  received  the  prize  certificate  as  a 
pianist  at  the  Kansas  musical  contest.  She 
is  also  the  author  of  a  large  number  of 
meritorious  poems,  which  have  constantly 
appeared  in  current  literature,  and  in  sev 
eral  standard  collections. 

MCMILLAN,    ALBERT    s.,    educator, 

journalist,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1853,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  schools  of 
Waverly,  Iowa;  and  subsequently  at 
tended  Cornell  university  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Wade- 
na  County  Journal  of  Wadena,  Minn.; 
was  county  superintendent  of  schools  in 
1881-83;  and  president  of  the  board  of 
education  of  Verndale,  Minn.,  during  1887- 
93. 

McMILLAN,  CONWAY,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in'  1867,  in  Michigan.  He 
has  been  a  professor  of  botany  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Minnesota  since  1891;  and  is  the 
author  of  Twenty-Two  Common  Insects  of 
Nebraska;  and  The  Metaspermse  of  the 
Minnesota  Valley. 

McMILLAN,  GARRETT.  congressman, 
was  a  resident  of  Georgia.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  that  state  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress.  He  died  before  the 
assembling  of  that  congress. 


McMILLAN,  JAMES,  railroad  president, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  12, 
1838,  in  Canada.  When  elected  to  the 
senate  he  was  president  of  the  Michigan 
Car  company,  the  Duluth,  South  Shore 
and  Atlantic  Railroad  company,  and  the 
Detroit  and  Cleveland  Steam  Navigation 
company.  For  three  years  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Detroit  board  of  park  commis 
sioners,  and  for  four  years  was  a  member 
of  the  Detroit  board  of  estimates.  He  was 
a  republican  presidential  elector  in  1884; 
received  the  unanimous  nomination  of  the 
republican  members  of  the  legislature  and 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  in 
1889;  and  was  re-elected  in  1895. 

MCMILLAN,  SAMUEL  JAMES  REN- 
WICK,  lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1826,  in  Browns 
ville,  Pa.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the 
first  judicial  district  of  the  state  of  Min 
nesota  in  1857,  and  entered  upon  the  du 
ties  of  that  position  on  the  admission  of 
the  state  into  the  union  by  congress  in 
1858.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state 
to  fill  a  vacancy;  in  1864  was  elected  to 
the  same  position  for  a  full  term;  at  the 
expiration  of  which  he  was  re-elected  for 
another  term.  He  resigned  in  1874;  and 
was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected 
for  a  full  term,  but  resigned  to  take  a 
seat  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States  for 
the  term  ending  in  1881;  and  was  re- 
elected  for  a  second  term  of  six  years. 

McMILLEN,  LISTON,  lawyer,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1847,  in  Rich- 
wood,  Ohio.  He  graduated  in  the  classical 
course  from  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  university 
in  1867.  He  moved  to 
Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  and 
began  the  practice  of 
law  there  in  1869.  He 
is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  Alathi- 
asis,  which  treats  of 
the  principles  o  f 
Christian  hygiene. 
As  a  lecturer  he  has 
appeared  in  his  one 
favorite  discourse 
entitled  The  Proofs  of  the  Resurrection  of 
Christ.  His  legal  training  enables  him  to 
handle  this  discussion  in  the  light  of  the 
common  law  rules  of  evidence — a  char 
acteristic  feature  that  draws  public  atten 
tion  to  the  speaker  and  his  theme. 

McMILLEN,  WILLIAM  LINN,  soldier, 
surgeon,  state  legislator,  was  born  Oct. 
18,  1829,  in  Hillsboro,  Ohio.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war,  and  received  the  brevets 
of  brigadier-general  and  major-general  of 
volunteers  in  1864  and  1865.  He  served 
several  terms  in  the  Louisiana  legislature, 
and  in  1872  and  1873  was  chosen  to  the 
United  States  senate  by  the  McEnery 
legislature,  but  not  admitted  to  a  seat. 
McMILLIN,  BENTON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  11,  1845,  in  Monroe  county,  Ky.  He 
practiced  law  in  Celina,  Tenn. ;  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  state  house  of  rep 
resentatives  in  1874;  and  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1876.  He  was  appointed  a 
special  judge  of  the  circuit  court  in  1877. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-sev 
enth,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth, 
fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty- 
fourth,  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  dem 
ocrat. 

McMINN,  JOSEPH,  state  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  In  1807 
he  was  elected  speaker  to  the  Pennsyl 
vania  state  senate;  and  in  1815  was  elected 
governor  of  Tennessee.  He  died  Nov. 
17,  182* ,  at  the  Cherokee  agency. 


McMORRIS,  THOMAS  A.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1835,  in  Musking- 
um,  Ohio.  During  the  war  he  served  in 
the  eighty-sixth  regiment  Illinois  volun 
teer  infantry.  He  is  one  of  the  most 
prominent  lawyers  of  Colorado;  has  serv 
ed  as  district  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial 
district  of  Colorado;  and  was  appointed 
by  President  Garfield  as  commissioner  to 
the  Indians. 

McMULLEN,  DANIEL  E.,  educator, 
public  official,  was  born  April  29,  1860,  in 
Lyons,  Iowa.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  St.  Francis  college  of  Milwaukee, 
St.  Joseph's  college  of  Dubuque,  and  St. 
Ambrose  college  of  Davenport.  He  has 
been  county  superintendent  of  schools  of 
Lyons  county,  Iowa;  a  justice  of  the 
peace  for  seven  years;  principal  of  the 
Charlotte  schools;  and  is  now  principal 
of  schools  at  Alvord,  Iowa.  He  has  filled 
numerous  public  offices  in  his  county,  and 
is  well-known  throughout  the  state  as  a 
successful  educator. 

McMULLEN,  FAYETTE,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1849  to  1855.  In  1857  he  was 
appointed  governor  of  the  territory  of 
Washington. 

McMULLEN,  JOHN,  Roman  catholic 
bishop,  college  president,  was  born  March 
8,  1833,  in  Ireland.  In  1881  he  was  conse 
crated  bishop  of  the  new  diocese  that  had 
been  formed  in  Davenport,  Iowa,  where  he 
remained  until  his  death.  He  died  July  3, 
1883,  in  Davenport,  Iowa. 

McMURDIE,  HENRY,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  was  born  May  21,  1822,  in  England. 
He  was  appointed  professor  of  dogmatic 
theology  and  moral  philosophy  in  St. 
Mary's,  and  succeeded  Archbishop  Elder 
as  director  of  the  ecclesiastical  seminary. 
He  was  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  ablest 
theologians  and  metaphysicians  of  his 
church  in  the  United  States.  He  died  Jan. 
20,  1880,  in  Emmettsburg,  Md. 

McMURPHY,     JESSE     G.,     clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  poet,  was  born 
April  8,  1845,  in  Derry,  N.  H.    He  gradu- 
ated   from  the  Dart 
mouth      college      in 
1868;      and     in     1873 
from  the  Theological 
'  !,>-.          seminary    of   Nasho- 

tah,  Wis.     He   is  an 
eminent     clergyman, 
kjjl^^^f  and    founder    of   the 

McMurphy      Home 
.    school      of      Racine, 
1    ).  Wis.     He   is  a  well- 

-^.  ™  '^^  known  writer  and 
translator  of  verse  in 
several  languages; 
and  his  writings  appear  in  numerous 
standard  collections.  He  married  Mary 
Lucy  James  in  1870,  and  resides  with  his 
family  at  the  homestead  in  Derry,  N.  H. 
McMURRAY,  PATRICK  EARLY,  man 
ufacturer,  state  senator,  was  born  March 
4,  1841,  in  Ireland.  In  1886  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Florida  state  senate. 

McMURTRIE,  HENRY,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1793,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  an  educator  of  Philadelphia; 
and  the  author  of  Lexicon  Scientiarum, 
his  principal  work.  He  died  May  26,  1865, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

McMURTRIE,  RICHARD  COXE,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1819,  in 
Cumberland  county,  N.  J.  He  is  one  of 
the  recognized  leaders  of  the  Philadelphia 
bar.  He  was  a  vice-provost  of  the  law 
academy  of  Philadelphia  from  1864  till 
1881.  He  published,  with  George  W.  Bid- 
die,  a  General  Index,  etc.;  and  A  Reading 
on  Article  XVI.,  Sec.  7,  Constitution  of 
Pennsylvania. 


646 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


McMURTRIE,  WILLIAM,  chemist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  10,  1851,  in  Belvi- 
dere,  N.  J.  He  is  a  professor  of  chemistry 
in  the  university  of  Illinois;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Culture  of  the  Sugar  Beet;  Cul 
ture  of  Sumac;  and  Grape  Culture  in  the 
United  States. 

McNABB,  JOHN  R.,  clergyman,  was 
born  July  12,  1856,  in  Mitchell,  Ind.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Hartsville 
university,  and  took  a  post-graduate 
course  in  the  DePauw  university.  He  prac 
ticed  law  for  five  years;  and  then  entered 
the  ministry  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church.  He  is  a  member  of  the  south 
Kansas  conference,  a  successful  clergy 
man,  and  an  orator  of  marked  ability. 

McNAGNY,  WILLIAM  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  19, 1850,  in  Sum 
mit  county,  Ohio.  Since  1873  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Columbia  City.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

McNAIR,  ALEXANDER,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1774,  in  Dauphin  coun 
ty,  Pa.  He  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Missouri  territory;  adjutant  and  inspect 
or-general  in  1812;  and  colonel  of  Mis 
souri  militia  in  the  United  States  service 
in  1813.  He  was  governor  of  Missouri 
from  1820  to  1824.  He  died  March  18,  1826, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

McNAIR,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1800,  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1851  to  1855.  He  died  in  August, 
1861,  in  Evansport,  Va. 

McNAMARA,  JOHN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1824,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Ne 
braska;  and  the  author  of  Three  Years 
on  the  Kansas  Border;  and  The  Black 
Code  of  Kansas.  He  died  Oct.  24,  1885, 
in  North  Platte,  Neb. 

McNAUGHTON,  JOHN  HUGH,  author, 
poet,  was  born  July  1,  1829,  in  Caledonia, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  poet  of  Caledonia,  N.  Y., 
many  of  whose  songs  have  been  set  to  mu 
sic,  and  proved  extremely  popular.  He  is 
the  author  of  Babble  Brook  Songs;  and 
Onnalinda,  a  romance  in  verse. 

McNEELY,  THOMPSON  W.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1835,  in 
Jacksonville,  111.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-first 
and  forty-second  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat. 

McNEIL,  ARCHIBALD,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1783,  in 
Cumberland  county,  N.  C.  He  entered 
the  house  of  commons  in  1808;  was  re- 
elected  in  1809;  and  served  in  the  North 
Carolina  state  senate  in  1811  and  1815. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1821  to  1823,  and 
again  from  1825  to  1827. 

McNEIL,  JOHN,  soldier,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1813,  in  Hali 
fax,  N.  S.  In  1844-45  he  was  in  the  Mis 
souri  legislature.  He 
was  president  of  the 
Pacific  Insurance 
company  from  1855 
till  1861;  when  he 
joined  the  national 
army  under  General 
Nathaniel  L  y  o  n  , 
with  the  rank  of  col 
onel.  With  six  hun 
dred  men  he  routed 
General  David  D. 
Harris  at  Fulton, 
Mo.,  on  July  17,  1861, 
and  was  then  placed  by  General  John  C. 
Fremont  in  command  of  St.  Louis.  He 
was  made  colonel  of  the  nineteenth  Mis 
souri  volunteers  Aug.  3,  and  early  in  1862 
took  command  of  a  cavalry  regiment. 


McNEILL,  GEORGE  ROCKWELL,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  July  1, 
1854,  in  Fayetteville,  N.  C.  He  has  been 
city  and  county  superintendent  of  schools; 
president  of  the  Lafayette  college  of  Ala 
bama;  and  is  now  the  president  of  the 
Isbell  college  of  Talladega,  Ala. 

McNEILL,  ISRAEL  C..  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1855,  in 
Avoca,  N.  Y.  He  is  now  president  of  the 
State  Normal  school  of  West  Superior, 
Wis.;  and  for  several  years  has  been 
treasurer  of  the  National  Educational  as 
sociation. 

McNEILL,  MILTON,  clergyman,  state 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1846,  in  Wilkes 
county,  N.  C.  He  is  a  successful  clergy 
man  of  the  baptist  church  at  Wilkesboro, 
N.  C.;  and  in  1896  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  North  Carolina  state  senate. 

McNEILL,  WILLIAM  GIBBS,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1800,  in  Wilming 
ton,  N.  C.  He  achieved  the  reputation  of 
being  one  of  the  foremost  railroad  engi 
neers  in  the  United  States,  and  his  ser 
vices  were  sought  for  at  unusual  prices. 
He  died  Feb.  16,  1853,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
McNIERNEY,  FRANCIS,  bishop,  was 
born  April  25,  1828,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  appointed  administrator  of  the 
diocese  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1877  be 
came  bishop  of  that  see  by  the  right  of 
succession. 

McNINCH,  MAGGIE,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  in  Chester,  S.  C.  She  is  a  suc 
cessful  educator  of  Williamston,  S.  C.,  and 
the  author  of  a  number  of  stories  and  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  Wayside 
Flowers. 

McNISH,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  was 
born  about  1660.  He  became  pastor  in 
Jamaica,  N.  Y.,  in  1711,  was  styled  the 
father  of  presbyterianism  in  the  state  of 
New  York,  and  instituted  the  first  presby 
tery  therein.  He  was  moderator  of  the 
presbytery  of  Philadelphia  in  1710  and 
1717.  He  died  March  10,  1722,  in  Newton, 
N.  J. 

McNULTA,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  9,  1837,  in  New  York  city.  He  stud 
ied  law;  served  in  the  army  from  1861 
to  1865,  as  colonel  and  brevet  brigadier- 
general.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  legislature  from  1869  to  1873,  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress 
as  a  republican. 

McNUTT,  ALEXANDER  GALLATIN, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  12,  1801,  in  Rockbridge  county, 
Va.  In  1824  he  moved  to  Jackson,  Miss., 
and  subsequently  to  Vicksburg,  where  he 
practiced  law.  In  1835  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate  from  Warren  county, 
and  was  governor  of  the  state  from  1837 
to  1841.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1848,  in  De  Soto 
county,  Miss. 

McNUTT,  SAMUEL,  farmer,  educator, 
lawyer,  journalist,  state  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  21,  1825,  in  Ireland,  of  Scotch  origin. 
His  boyhood  was 
spent  on  a  farm  in 
Delaware;  and  he 
was  educated  at  the 
Delaware  college.  He 
then  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work;  and 
was  elected  president 
of  the  New  Castle 
County  Teachers'  as 
sociation.  In  1851  he 
began  the  practice  of 
law  in  Milwaukee, 
Wis.  In  1852  he  was 
professor  of  the  Male  seminary  of  Her- 
nando,  Miss.,  and  in  1856  was  principal  of 
the  public  school  of  Muscatine,  Iowa.  The 
same  year  he  was  editor  of  the  Times- 


inquirer;  during  1856-59  was  associate 
editor  of  the  Dubuque  Herald;  and  in 
1861  became  editor  of  the  Dubuque  Daily 
Union.  From  1864  he  served  six  years  as 
a  representative  in  the  Iowa  state  legis 
lature;  and  during  1870-74  served  as  a 
state  senator.  In  1884  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Farmers'  National  congress,  and 
in  1890  was  appointed  United  States  con 
sul  to  Maracaibo,  Venezuela. 

McNUTT,  WILLIAM  FLETCHER,  phy 
sician,  journalist,  was  born  March  29,  1839, 
in  Nova  Scotia.  He  is  a  well-known  and 
successful  physician  of  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  and  in  1895  assumed  the  editorship 
of  the  Pacific  Medical  Journal. 

McPARLIN,  LAWRENCE  JERMAIN, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1848,  in 
Lockport,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  nominated. 
seven  times  as  associate  judge  of  the  court 
of  appeals  of  the  state  of  New  York; 
twice  as  chief  judge  of  the  same  court, 
and  once  as  attorney-general  of  his  state. 
McPHEETERS,  WILLIAM  MARCEL- 
LUS,  educator,  physician,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1815,  in  Raleigh,  N. 
C.  He  settled  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1S42, 
was  professor  of  therapeutics  and  materia 
medica  in  the  medical  college  there  in 
1848-62,  and  again  in  1867.  He  edited  the 
St.  Louis  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal  in 
1843-61,  and,  besides  numerous  profes 
sional  papers,  has  published  a  History  of 
the  Cholera  Epidemic  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
in  1849. 

McPHERRAN,  J.  E.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  in  1835  in  Huntingdon  counly, 
Pa.  He  served  one  term  as  a  member  of 
the  Illinois  legislature  from  Sterling,  111. 
For  seventeen  years  he  has  been  president 
of  the  public  library  of  his  city. 

McPHERSON,  EDWARD,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  July  31,  1830,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress.  In  1864  he  published  The  Political 
History  of  the  United  States  During  the 
Great  Rebellion;  in  1870,  The  Political 
History  of  the  United  States  During  the 
Period  of  Reconstruction,  and  biennially 
thereafter  published  political  hand-books. 
McPHERSON,  JAMES  BIRDSEYE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1828,  in  Sandusity, 
Ohio.  In  1853  he  graduated  from  the 
United  States  mili 
tary  academy; 
served  with  distinc 
tion  through  the 
civil  war,  and  at- 
tained  the  rank  of 
major-general  of  vol 
unteers.  He  was  a 
superb  rider,  and  the 
black  horse  which 
bore  him  to  death, 
and  which  he  had 
ridden  through  every 
battle  from  Shiloh, 
seemed  to  be  almost  equally  inspired  with 
himself  amid  the  smoke  and  carnage  of 
battle.  He  fell  dead  July  22,  1864,  pierced 
by  several  bullets,  while  making  an  as 
sault  on  the  confederates  near  Atlanta, 
Ga. 

McPHERSON,  JOHN  RODERIC,  agri 
culturist,  business  man,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  May  9,  1833,  in  Livingston 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  state  senator 
from  New  Jersey  from  1871  to  1873.  In 
1873  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Cen 
tral  Stock-Yard  and  Transit  company,  and 
continued  in  that  position.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1876,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  senator  of  the  United  States  from 
New  Jersey  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4,  1877,  and  was  re-elected  in  1883, 
and  again  in  1889. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


647 


McPHERSON,  MRS.  L.  C.,  poet.  She 
is  the  author  of  Ruellura.  a  volume  of 
poems. 

McPHERSON,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1751  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1799 
he  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  the 
provisional  army,  ana  commanded  the 
troops  that  were  sent  to  enforce  the  rev 
enue  laws  in  Northampton  county  during 
the  Fries  rebellion.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1813, 
near  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

McQUADE,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born 
April  27,  1829,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war,  attaining  the  rank  of 
major-general.  He  died  March  25,  1885  in 
Utica,  N.  Y. 

McQUAID,  BERNARD  JOHN,  bishop, 
was  born  Dec.  15,  1823,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  a  noted  Roman  catholic  bishop  of 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  has  built  a  number 
of  churches. 

McQUEEN,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1808  in  Robinson 
county,  N.  C.  During  the  nullification 
times  of  1833  he  was  elected  a  colonel  of 
the  state  militia;  in  1834  a  brigadier-gen 
eral,  and  in  1835  a  major-general,  which 
last  position  he  held  for  ten  years,  and 
then  resigned.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  South  Caro 
lina  in  1849,  and  was  a  member  down  to 
the  thirty-sixth  congress,  serving  on  lead 
ing  committees,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  withdrew  in 
1860  and  joined  the  rebellion.  He  died 
Sept.  13,  1867,  in  Society  Hill,  S.  C. 

McQUEEN,  MCINTOSH,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Florida;  and 
was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  Unite'd 
States  court  for  the  district  of  Florida. 

McRAE,  HAMILTON  SAMUEL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  2, 
1833,  near  New  Middletown,  Ind.  He  was 
elected,  district  attorney  of  the  common 
pleas  court  in  Indiana.  He  had  been 
unanimously  elected  in  1861  to  the  legis 
lature  to  fill  a  vacancy.  The  most  im 
portant  public  enterprise  in  which  he  has 
been  engaged  is  the  public  library  of  Mun- 
cie,  of  whose  board  he  has  been  president 
since  its  establishment,  in  1875. 

McRAE,  JOHN  J.,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  about 
1810  in  Wayne  county,  Miss.  He  was 
elected,  frequently,  to  the  Mississippi 
state  legislature,  and  during  two  sessions 
officiated  as  speaker.  He  was  also  elected 
to  the  state  senate;  and  was,  in  1851,  for 
a  short  time  in  the  United  States  sen 
ate.  He  was  governor  of  Mississippi 
from  1854  to  1858,  and  was  elected  to  the 
second  se'ssion  of  the  thirty-fifth  congress 
from  Mississippi,  as  successor  to  General 
Quitman,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  He  joined  the  great  re 
bellion  in  1861.  He  died  May  30,  1868,  in 
British  Honduras. 

McRAE,  THOMAS  CHIPMAN,  soldier, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1851,  in 
Mount  Olive,  Ark.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  private 
schools  of  Shady 
Grove,  Columbia 
county;  Mount  Hol 
ly,  Union  county;  and 
Falcon,  Nevada  coun 
ty,  Ark.  In  boyhood 
he  worked  on  a 
farm,  one  year  in 
a  wholesale  mer 
cantile  establish 
ment  of  Shreveport, 
La.,  and  one  year  in 
a  retail  store  at  Fal 
con,  Ark.  He  received  a  full  course  of 
instruction  at  Soule  Business  college  of 
New  Orleans,  La.,  and  graduated  in  law  at 
the  Washington  and  Lee  university  of 
Virginia.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in 


state  circuit  courts  in  Rosston,  Nevada 
county,  Ark.,  in  1873;  in  the  Arkansas  su 
preme  court  in  1876,  and  in  the  United 
States  supreme  court  in  1886.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  of  Arkan 
sas  in  1877,  in  which  year  the  county  seat 
was  changed,  and  he  moved  from  Rosston 
to  Prescott,  where  he  has  since  practiced 
his  profession.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
town  council  of  the  incorporated  town  of 
Prescott  in  1879;  was  a  presidential  elector 
for  Hancock  and  English  in  1880;  was 
chairman  of  the  democratic  state  conven 
tion  in  1884;  was  delegate  to  the  na 
tional  democratic  convention  in  1884,  and 
is  now  the  democratic  national  committee- 
man  for  Arkansas.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-sec 
ond,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

McREADY,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1819  to  1821. 

McREAVY,  JOHN,  merchant,  manufac 
turer,  state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  23, 
1840,  in  Northfield,  Maine.  He  received 
his  education  in  the 
public  schools  and 
academies,  and  in 
1863  settled  in  the 
territory  of  Wash 
ington.  In  1869  he 
was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  the  terri 
torial  legislature;  of 
the  council  in  1870; 
of  the  house  in  1877; 
of  the  council  in 
1885,  and  a  member 
of  the  constitutional 

convention  in  1889,  and  of  the  first  legis 
lature  of  the  state.  For  many  years  he 
was  a  successful  merchant  in  Union  City, 
and  is  now  in  the  milling  business. 

McREE,  GRIFFITH  JOHN,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1758  in  Bladen  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  in  the 
revolutionary  army,  was  appointed  cap 
tain  of  artillery  and  engineers  in  1794, 
and  resigned  in  1798,  being  appointed  in 
that  year  collector  of  revenue  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Wilmington,  N.  C.  He  died  Oct. 
30,  1801,  in  Smithville,  N.  C. 

McREE,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  was  born 
Oct.  6,  1801,  in  Wilmington,  N.  C.  He  was 
made  quartermaster  with  the  rank  of  ma 
jor  in  1839,  and  brevetted  lieutenant-col 
onel  for  meritorious  conduct  while  serv 
ing  in  the  enemy's  country  in  1848.  He 
McREE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born 
died  July  15,  1849,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dec.  13,  1787,  in  Wilmington,  N.  C.  He 
was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  for  gal 
lant  conduct  in  the  battle  of  Niagara,  in 
1814,  and  colonel  for  distinguished  and 
meritorious  service  in  defence  of  Fort 
Erie  in  1814,  and  became  lieutenant-col 
onel  in  1818.  Fort  McRee,  Pensacola,  Fla., 
was  named  in  his  honor.  He  died  in  May, 
1833,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

McREYNOLDS,  ANDREW  THOMAS, 
soldier,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1806,  in  Ireland. 
He  served  through  the  civil  war,  attain 
ing  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  He 
was  president  of  the  Detroit  board  of  edu 
cation,  and  was  United  States  district  at- 
gan. 

torney  for  the  western  district  of  Michi- 
McROBERTS,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  about 
1800  in  Illinois.  He  held  the  office  of 
judge  of  one  of  the  higher  courts  of  Illi 
nois,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
senate,  and  held  the  position  of  district 
attorney  for  the  United  States  in  Illinois. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Illi 
nois  from  1841  to  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  died  March  27,  1843,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 


McRUER,  DONALD  C.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1826  in  Maine. 
Having  emigrated  to  California,  he  filled 
the  office  of  harbor  commissioner  for  that 
state,  and  in  1864  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  California  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress. 

McSHANE,  JOHN  A.,  business  man, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1850,  in 
New  Lexington,  Ohio.  He  is  a  director  in 
the  First  National  bank  of  Omaha,  and 
helped  to  orga'nize,  and  is  president  of, 
the  Union  Stock  Yards  bank  at  South 
Omaha.  In  1880  he  was  elected  to  the 
lower  house  of  the  state  legislature  from 
Omaha  for  two  years,  and  in  1882  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  for  two  years, 
and  was  re-elected  for  another  term  in 

1884.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

McSHERRY,  JAMES,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Adams  county, 
Pa.  He  served  twenty  years  in  the  leg 
islature  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  dele 
gate  to  reform  the  constitution  of  the 
same,  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1821  to 
1823.  He  died  Feb.  3,  1849,  in  Littlestown, 
Pa. 

McSHERRY,  JAMES,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1819  in  Maryland.  He  was 
a  lawyer  of  Frederick,  Md.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Pere  Jean,  the  Jesuit  Missionary; 
Williloft,  or  the  Days  of  James  the  First; 
and  History  of  Maryland.  He  died  July 
13,  1869,  in  Frederick  county,  Md. 

McSHERRY,  RICHARD,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1817,  in  Martins- 
burg,  W.  Va.  He  was  a  physician  of  prom 
inence  in  Baltimore,  and  in  early  life  in 
the  naval  service.  He  was  the  author  of 
Early  History  of  Maryland,  and  Other  Es 
says;  El  Puchero,  a  discursive  work  on 
Mexico;  Military  Life  in  Field  and  Camp; 
and  Health  and  How  to  Promote  It, 
his  principal  writings.  He  died  Oct.  7, 

1885,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

McTEER,  WILL  ANDERSON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1843, 
in  Blount  county,  Tenn.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  the  union  as  adjutant  of 
the  third  Tennessee  cavalry;  was  acting 
assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  first  bri 
gade  fourth  cavalry  division,  and  was 
commissioned  as  major.  He  served  with 
distinction  as  a  representative  in  the  Ten 
nessee  state  legislature.  He  has  been  clerk 
of  the  circuit  court  of  Blount  county;  has 
been  United  States  commissioner  for  the 
district  of  East  Tennessee,  and  for  eight 
een  years  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Mary- 
ville  college.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Tennessee,  and  has  a  large 
practice  in  Maryville. 

McTYEIRE,  HOLLAND  NIMMONS, 
bishop,  author,  was  born  July  28,  1824, 
in  Barnwell  county,  S.  C.  He  was  a  meth- 
odist  bishop  in  Tennessee,  and  the  author 
of  Manual  of  Discipline;  Duties  of  Mas 
ters;  and  History  of  Methodism.  He  died 
Feb.  15,  1889,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

McVEAGH,  WAYNE,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  in  1833  in  Phcenixville,  Pa.  In 
1881  he  was  appointed  attorney-general  of 
the  United  States  in  the  cabinet  of  Presi 
dent  Garfield. 

McVEAN,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1802  in  Johns 
town,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1833  to 
183o.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  dis 
trict  attorney  for  southern  New  York.  He 
died  Dec.  20,  1848,  in  New  York  city. 

McVICKAR,  JOHN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  10,  1787,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  the  author  of  Outlines  of  Political 
Economy;  Eighty  Years;  and  The  Profes 
sional  Years  of  Bishop  Hobart.  He  died 
Oct.  29,  1868,  in  New  York. 


648 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


McVICKAR,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  24, 
1827,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  who  became  rector  of 
Christ  church,  New  York  city,  in  1876.  He 
was  the  author  of  Life  of  Rev.  John  Mc- 
Vickar;  and  City  Missions.  He  died  in 
1877. 

McVICKER,  JAMES  HUBERT,  theat 
rical  manager,  author,  was  born  Feb.  14, 
1822,  in  New  York  city.  In  1857  he  built 
McVicker's  Theater  in  Chicago,  111.,  which 
was  rebuilt  after  the  fire  of  1871,  and  re 
modeled  in  1887,  and  which  he  has  man 
aged  successfully  for  thirty  years.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Theater,  Its  Early  Days 
in  Chicago. 

McWHORTER,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Washington  county,  N.  Y.  In 
1836  he  moved  west  with  his  parents, 
settling  in  Wiscon 
sin.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools,  at  Car 
roll  college,  and  at 
the  Waukesha  acad 
emy.  For  three  years 
he  was  principal  of 
the  first  ward  school 
in  Milwaukee;  then 
took  a  course  at 
Lincoln's  Commer 
cial  college,  and  was 
subsequently  admit 
ted  to  the  bar.  Since  1870  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  district  court 
of  Milwaukee.  Since  his  first  election  to 
this  office  he  has  tried  over  twenty  thou 
sand  civil  cases.  He  has  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  German  and  French 
languages,  and  possesses  one  of  the  larg 
est  and  finest  law  libraries  in  Milwaukee 
Wis. 

McWHORTER,  HENHY  CLAY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1836, 
in  Marion  county,  Ohio.  During  the  war 
he  served  in  the  union  army  as  a  captain 
of  the  ninth  regiment  of  the  West  Vir 
ginia  volunteer  infantry.  For  nine  ses 
sions  he  was  a  member  of  the  West  Vir 
ginia  state  legislature,  was  chairman  of 
the  judiciary  committee  and  speaker  of 
the  house  of  delegates.  Since  1865  he  has 
been  in  the  active  practice  of  law;  has 
been  prosecuting  attorney  of  Kanawha 
county;  postmaster  of  the  city  of  Charles 
ton,  and  at  present  is  a  member  of  the 
supreme  court  of  appeals  of  West  Vir 
ginia. 

McWILLIE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
banker,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Nov.  17,  1795,  near  Liberty  Hill,  S.  C.  He 
was  a  representative  and  senator  in  the 
legislature  of  South  Carolina;  and  moved 
to  Mississippi  in  1845.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1849  to  1851.  He  was  also 
president  of  a  bank  for  several  years;  was 
elected  governor  of  the  state  in  1858;  and 
during  the  rebellion  was  active  as  a  con 
federate.  He  died  March  3,  1869,  in  Kirk- 
wood,  Miss. 

MEACHAM,  JAMES,  educator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1810  in  Rutland, 
Vt.  He  was  called  from  his  parish  to 
the  professorship  of  elocution  and  English 
literature  in  Middlebury  college.  In  1849 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  and  twice  re-elected.  He  died  Aug 
22,  1856,  in  Middlebury,  Vt. 

MEACHAM,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  was 
born  Feb.  22,  1742,  in  Enfield,  Conn.  He 
was  the  leading  agent  in  organizing  the 
so-called  shaker  church  and  its  system  of 
community  of  interests.  He  died  Aug. 
16,  1796,  in  New  Lebanon. 


MEAD,  CHARLES  MARSH,  theologian, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1836,  in  Corn 
wall,  Conn.  Since  1892  he  has  filled  the 
chair  of  dogmatic  theology  in  the  Hart 
ford  Theological  seminary.  For  ten  years 
he  traveled  extensively  in  Europe;  and  is 
the  author  of  Supernatural  Revelation; 
Romans  Dissected;  The  Soul  Here  and 
Hereafter;  Christ  and  Criticism;  and  vari 
ous  other  works. 

MEAD,  COWLES,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Georgia  in  1805,  but  his  election 
was  successfully  contested  by  Thomas 
Spalding.  In  1806  he  was  appointed  sec 
retary  of  Mississippi  territory. 

MEAD,  EDWARD  C.,  historian,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  12,  1837,  in  Newton,  Mass. 
At  one  time  he  was  professor  of  music 
on  the  violin;  and  is  the  author  of  a 
Genealogical  History  of  the  Lee  Family  of 
Virginia  and  Maryland;  and  other  works. 

MEAD,  EDWIN  DOAK,  lecturer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  29,  1849,  in  Chesterfield,  N. 
H.  He  is  a  Boston  writer  and  lecturer 
upon  social  and  historical  topics,  and 
editor  of  the  New  England  Magazine.  He 
is  the  author  of  Martin  Luther:  a  Study 
of  the  Reformation;  The  Philosophy  of 
Carlyle;  and  The  Roman  Church  and  the 
Public  Schools. 

MEAD,  ELIZABETH  STORRS  BILL 
INGS,  college  president,  was  born  about 
1835,  in  Conway,  Mass.  In  1890  she  was 
elected  president  of  Mount  Holyoke  col 
lege,  which  position  she  still  holds. 

MEAD,  JAMES  PITTS,  lawyer,  lecturer, 
was  born  Feb.  19,  1857,  in  Adrian,  Mich. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  Joplin,  Mo.,  and  as  a  lecturer  is  well 
known  throughout  the  state  of  Missouri. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  corps  of  lecturers 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Civics;  and 
president  of  the  district  work  of  the 
southwest  Missouri  Young  Men's  Chris 
tian  association. 

MEAD,  LARKIN  GOLDSMITH,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1835,  in  Chester 
field,  N.  H.  He  executed  the  celebrated 
Recording  Angel,  the  colossal  statue  of 
Vermont  placed  over  the  dome  of  the 
state  house  at  Montpelier,  and  other  stat 
ues,  prominent  among  which  is  the  monu 
ment  placed  over  Lincoln's  tomb  at 
Springfield,  111. 

MEAD,  RICHARD  HOMER,  physician, 
journalist,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1847,  in 
Huntsville,  111.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  common  schools,  and  graduated 
from  the  Medical  college  of  Keokuk,  Iowa. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a  pri 
vate  in  company  K,  eighth  regiment  Iowa 
cavalry,  and  is  prominent  and  active  in 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  work.  He 
has  been  examiner  in  the  pension  office  at 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  has  filled  various 
other  public  positions  of  trust.  In  writ 
ing  he  has  an  incisive  and  instructive 
style;  has  contributed  extensively  to  med 
ical  journals,  and  is  the  editor  of  The 
Register  of  Camden,  111. 

MEAD,  'iHEODORE  HOE,  manufactu 
rer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1837,  in  New 
York  city.  He  became  a  contributor  to 
the  leading  periodicals  of  the  day,  and  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  books  entitled 
Horsemanship  for  Woman;  Health  With 
out  Medicine;  and  Our  Mother  Tongue. 

MEAD,  VARNUM  B.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1832,  in  Boxford,  Mass. 
Since  1883  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Franklin  and  Megantic  railroad. 

MEAD,  WARREN  HEWITT,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1836,  in 
Genoa,  N.  Y.  In  1877  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  legislature;  and 
re-elected  in  1878.  He  is  now  practicing 
law  at  Louisville,  Ky. 


MEADE,  EDWIN  RUTHVEN,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  6,  1836,  in 
Norwich,  N.  Y.  He  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1858;  settled  in  New  York  city; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MEADE,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was  born 
Nov.  2,  1843,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
brevetted  major  and  lieutenant-colonel, 
United  States  army,  for  gallant  and  meri 
torious  services  during  the  civil  war. 

MEADE,  GEORGE  GORDON,  soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  31,  1815,  in  Cadiz,  Spain. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  many  of  the 
noted  battles  of  the 
civil  war,  but  his 
name  will  ever  be 
identified  with  the 
great  battle  of  Get 
tysburg,  which  he 
commanded  on  the 
first,  second  and 
third  days  of  July, 
1863,  the  victory  of 
which  produced  such 
decided  results.  In 
1864  he  was  promot 
ed  to  major-general 
in  the  United  States  army,  and  as  a  spe 
cial  honor  was  given  the  command  of  the 
grand  review  which  took  place  in  Wash 
ington  after  the  close  of  the  war.  He  died 
Nov.  6,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MEADE,  RICHARD  K.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1847  to  1853.  He  was  appoint 
ed  in  1853  charge  d'affaires  to  Sardinia, 
and  in  1857  was  appointed  minister  to 
Brazil,  which  mission  he  held  until  1861. 
He  died  April  20,  1862,  in  Virginia. 

MEADE,  RICHARD  KIDDER,  soldier, 
was  born  July  14,  1746,  in  Virginia.  He 
entered  the  revolutionary  army  in  1775, 
sooa  after  his  return  to  Virginia,  and  was 
one  of  the  twenty-four  persons  that  on 
June  24  of  that  year  daringly  removed 
the  arms  from  Lord  Dunmore's  house  and 
placed  them  in  the  magazine  in  Williams- 
burg.  He  superintended  the  execution  of 
Major  Andr6.  He  died  in  February,  1805, 
in  Clarke  county,  Va. 

MEADE,  RICHARD  WORSAM,  naval 
officer,  was  born  in  1807  in  Spain.  He  en 
tered  the  United  States  navy  as  a  midship 
man  in  1826,  and  passed  that  grade  in 
1834.  He  was  retired  with  the  rank  of 
commodore  in  1867.  He  died  April  16, 
1870,  in  New  York  city. 

MEADE,  WILLIAM,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1789,  in  Clarke  county, 
Va.  He  was  the  third  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop  of  Virginia,  and  the  author 
of  Family  Prayers;  Old  Churches  of  Vir 
ginia;  Lectures  on  the  Pastoral  Office; 
and  Reasons  for  Loving  the  Episcopal 
Church.  He  died  March  14,  1862,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va. 

MEAGHER,  THOMAS  FRANCIS,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1823,  in  Ireland. 
He  served  with  distinction  through  the 
civil  war,  and  was 
made  a  brigadier- 
general.  In  1865  he 
was  appointed  secre 
tary  of  Montana  ter 
ritory,  and  in  1866 
governor  pro  tem- 
pore  of  Montana  ter 
ritory.  He  was  for 
many  years  engaged 
in  journalism,  and 
was  the  author  of 
Speeches  on  the  Leg 
islative  Independ 
ence  of  Ireland.  He  was  drowned  July  1, 
1867,  at  Fort  Benton,  Mont. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


649 


MEAHAN,  BRYAN  F.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  May  1,  1857,  in  New  Lon 
don,  Conn.  In  1882  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Connecticut  legislature 
from  New  London,  and  received  the  re 
flection.  He  is  prosecuting  attorney  of 
New  London. 

MEANS,  ALEXANDER,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1801, 
in  Statesville,  N.  C.  He  taught  school 
for  a  while;  and 
practiced  medicine 
for  six  years  in  Cov- 
ington,  Ga.  In  1834 
he  was  elected  rector 
of  the  Georgia  con 
ference  manual  labor 
school;  and  in  1853 
was  elected  president 
of  the  Masonic  Fe 
male  college.  The 
following  year  he 
was  elected  to  the 
presidency  of  Emory 
college.  He  was  the  author  of  a  volume 
entitled  A  Cluster  of  Poems  for  the  Home 
and  Heart;  and  also  published  numerous 
sermons,  addresses  and  scientific  papers. 
He  died  June  5,  1883,  in  Covington,  Ga. 

MEANS,  HUGH,  banker,  iron  manufac 
turer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  14, 
1812,  at  Spartanburg,  S.  C.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Ashland  National  bank  in 
Kentucky  since  its  foundation.  In  1843 
he  was  elected  to  represent  Adams  county 
in  the  Ohio  legislature,  and  served  one 
term. 

MEANS,  JOHN  HUGH,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1812,  in  Fairfleld, 
S.  C.  He  was  governor  of  that  state  from 
1850  to  1852.  He  was  colonel  in  the  con 
federate  army,  and  was  killed  at  the  sec 
ond  battle  of  Bull  Run.  He  died  Aug.  28, 
1862,  in  Manassas,  Va. 

MEARS,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1825, 
in  Reading,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  professor  in  Hamilton  college 
in  1870-81,  and  the  author  of  The  Bible  in 
the  Workshop;  The  Martyrs  of  France; 
The  Beggars  of  Holland;  The  Story  of 
Madagascar;  The  Heroes  of  Bohemia;  and 
From  Exile  to  Overthrow.  He  died  Nov. 
10,  1881,  in  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

MEASE,  JAMES,  physician,  author,  was 
born  in  1771  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  the  first  vice-president  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Athenaeum  and  an  active  member 
•of  the  Philosophical  society.  His  publi 
cations  are  Geological  Account  of  the 
United  States;  Picture  of  Philadelphia; 
•On  William  Penn's  Treaty  with  the  In 
dians.  He  died  May  15,  1846,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

MEASE,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1746  in  Ireland.  He  subscribed  four  thou 
sand  pounds  for  the  army  in  1780.  For 
the  last  thirty  years  of  his  life  he  was 
one  of  the  admiralty  surveyors  of  the  port 
of  Philadelphia.  He  died  in  1826  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

MEBANE,  ALEXANDER,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  26, 
1744,  in  Hawfield,  N.  C.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  that  met  in  1776  to 
frame  the  state  constitution.  He  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  North  Carolina 
legislature,  and  was  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  during  the  years  1793  and 
1794.  He  died  July  5,  1795,  in  Orange 
county,  N.  C. 

MEDARY,  SAMUEL,  journalist,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1810,  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Pa.  He  was  governor  of 
the  territory  of  Minnesota  in  1857  and 
1858;  governor  of  Kansas  in  1859  and 
1860,  and  was  a  peace  democrat  during 
the  rebellion.  He  died  Nov.  7,  1864,  in 
Columbus,  Ohio. 


MEDBERRY,  REBECCA,  author,  was 
born  in  1808  in  Roxbury,  Mass.  She  was 
the  author  of  several  memoirs  and  Sun 
day-school  books.  She  died  in  1868,  in 
Lynn,  Mass. 

MEDILL,  JOSEPH,  proprietor  of  The 
Chicago  Tribune,  was  born  April  6,  1823, 
in  New  Brunswick,  Canada.  In  the  winter 
of  1854-55  he  bought  a  large  interest  in 
The  Chicago  Tribune,  and  this  news 
paper,  then  bankrupt,  was  placed  by  the 
new  owners  upon  a  paying  basis.  In  1874 
he  bought  full  control  and  The  Tribune 
has  since  made  his  fortune.  In  1870,  as 
a  member  of  the  Illinois  constitutional 
convention,  Mr.  Medill  became  the  author 
of  the  clause  securing  minority  repre 
sentation,  and  proposed  other  important 
provisions,  which  were  adopted.  The  an 
nexation  of  various  suburbs  to  Chicago, 
in  order  to  aid  in  securing  the  World's 
Fair  for  Chicago,  originated  with  him. 

MEDILL,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1805 
in  New  Castle  county,  Del.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Ohio  state  legislature,  serving  a 
number  of  years,  and  was  twice  elected 
speaker.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1839  to 
1843.  He  was  appointed  assistant  post 
master-general,  and  subsequently  held  the 
office  of  commissioner  of  Indian  affairs. 
In  1850  he  was  a  member  of  the  conven 
tion  called  to  revise  the  state  constitu 
tion,  and  was  chosen  chairman.  In  1851 
and  1852  he  was  elected  lieutenant-govern 
or  of  Ohio,  and  in  1853  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Ohio.  He  was  appointed  first 
comptroller  of  the  United  States  treas 
ury.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1865,  in  Lancaster, 
Ohio. 

MEECH,  EZRA,  jurist,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  26,  1773,  in  New 
London,  Conn.  He  settled  in  Vermont, 
and  in  1822  and  1823  was  elected  chief 
justice  of  Chittenden  county.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  conventions 
of  1822  and  1826.  and  in  1805  and  1807 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Vermont  from  1819  to  1821,  and  again 
from  1825  to  1827.  In  1841  he  was  a  presi 
dential  elector.  He  died  Sept.  23,  1856,  in 
Shelburne,  Vt. 

MEECH,  JEANNETTE  DUBOIS,  educa 
tor,  evangelist,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1835, 
in  Frankford,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  For 
many  years  she 
taught  school  in 
Philadelphia ;  was 
principal  of  the  In 
dustrial  Art  school 
in  Vineland  and  in 
Jersey  Shore,  Pa., 
and  for  many  years 
was  a  teacher  in  the 
Maryland  State  In 
dustrial  School  for 
Girls.  She  was  li 
censed  to  preach  in 
South  Vineland, 
where  she  was  assistant  pastor  for  seven 
years;  has  been  county  superintendent; 
national  lecturer  in  narcotics  for  the  Wo 
man's  Christian  Temperance  union;  and 
has  been  president  of  various  societies. 

MEECH,  WILLIAM  WITTER,  clergy 
man,  was  born  in  1825,  in  North  Stoning- 
ton,  Conn.  In  1848  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Norwich,  Conn.,  and  two  years  later  was 
ordained.  He  has  held  pastorates  in  vari 
ous  cities,  and  since  1875  has  been  pastor 
in  South  Vineland.  N.  J.  In  1862  he  was 
appointed  by  Abraham  Lincoln  as  hos 
pital  chaplain,  and  served  at  Newport 
News,  Louisville  and  Bowling  Green.  He 
was  afterward  regimental  chaplain,  with 
the  rank  of  major.  He  is  the  author  of  a 


Philadelphia,  Pa. 


book  entitled  Quince  Culture;  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Horticul 
tural  society,  and  secretary  of  the  Vine- 
land  Horticultural  society. 

MEEHAN,  THOMAS,  nurseryman,  jour 
nalist,  botanist,  author,  was  born  March 
21,  1826,  in  England.  He  has  devoted  his 
life  to  scientific  pursuits,  and  in  early  life 
had  a  love  for  natural  history.  He  has 
had  charge  of  a  number  of  botanic  gar 
dens  and  in  1853  published  Handbook  of 
American  Ornamental  Trees.  In  1854  he 
established  the  Meehan  Nursery;  and  in 
1860  founded  the  Gardener's  Monthly,  of 
which  he  was  sole  editor  for  thirty  years. 
In  1880  he  established  a  publication  en 
titled  the  Flowers  and  Ferns  of  the  United 
States,  which  was  subsequently  merged 
into  Meehan's  Monthly,  which  is  still 
published  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is 
botanist  of  the  board  of  agriculture  of 
the  commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
science  he  became  famous  through  his 
study  of  the  relation  of  sex  in  plants, 
credit  for  which  is  given  him  in  the  En 
cyclopedia  Britannica.  His  life  work  is 
the  illustrated  Native  Flowers  and  Ferns 
of  the  United  States,  published  by  Prang 
and  Company  in  book  form,  and  then  as  a 
serial  in  Meehan's  Monthly. 

MEEHAN,  WILLIAM  E.,  botanist,  edi 
tor,   author,   was   born   Aug.   31,   1853,   in 
He  is  the  eldest  son  of 
Thomas  Meehan,  the 
eminent  botanist.  He 
followed    the    florist 
business  for   several 
years;  during  1885-87 
fc«,.  I    he   was    editor   of   a 

I  newspaper  in  Ger- 
mantown;  then  be 
came  a  reporter  on 
the  Philadelphia  Pub 
lic  Ledger,  and  since 
1891  has  been  asso 
ciate  editor  of  that 
publication.  In  1892 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Peary  Relief  ex 
pedition  to  North  Greenland,  as  its  bot 
anist.  He  is  the  author  of  In  Arctic  Seas; 
The  Flora  of  Greenland;  Fish,  Fishing 
and  Fisheries  of  Pennsylvania,  and  other 
works.  He  was  the  originator  of  the 
children's  playground  movement  in  Phil 
adelphia. 

MEEK,  ALEXANDER  BEAUFORT, 
jurist,  journalist,  author,  was  born  July 
]7,  1814,  in  Columbia,  S.  C.  He  was  an 
Alabama  jurist  and  journalist,  and  the 
author  of  Red  Eagle;  Songs  and  Poems 
of  the  South;  and  Romantic  Passages  in 
Southern  History.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1865, 
in  Columbus,  Miss. 

MEEK,  FIELDING  BRADFORD,  palae 
ontologist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  10, 
1817,  in  Madison,  Md.  He  was  a  palaeon 
tologist  in  government  service,  and  the 
author  of  Palaeontology  of  the  Upper  Mis 
souri;  Check  List  of  North  American  In 
vertebrate  Fossils;  and  Report  on  Fossils 
of  the  Upper  Missouri  Country.  He  died 
Dec.  21,  1876,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MEEKER,  BENJAMIN  B.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist.  He  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the 
territory  of  Minnesota.  In  1850  he  was 

_^     s          appointed  a  judge  of 

•   the     United     States 
I   court    for    that    dis- 
I  trict.       His     judicial 
I   decisions   are    to    be 
I  found  in  the  various 
I   law     reports,     and 
I  show  great  learning. 
I  He    took    an    active 
I  part  in  public  affairs, 
and  contributed   nu 
merous     articles     to 
literature,      which 
have  been  a  valuable 
acquisition  to  law  literature  of  the  times. 


650 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MEEKER,  JOSEPH  RUSLING,  artist, 
was  born  April  21,  1827,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
He  has  shown  a  special  sympathy  with 
southern  scenery,  and  has  successfully 
rendered  the  landscapes  of  Louisiana. 
Among  his  paintings  are  The  Indian 
Chief;  The  Acadians  in  the  Atchafalaya; 
The  Vale  of  Cashmere;  The  Lotos  Eaters; 
and  Louisiana  Bayou. 

MEEKER,  MOSES,  pioneer,  author,  sol 
dier,  was  born  July  17,  1790,  in  Newark, 
N.  J.  He  served  in  the  Wisconsin  legis 
lature  in  1840-43,  and  in  the  first  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1846.  He  published 
a  History  of  the  Early  Lead  Regions,  in 
the  sixth  volume  of  the  Wisconsin  His 
torical  Society  Collections.  He  died  July 
7,  1865,  in  Shullsburg,  Wis. 

MEEKISON,  DAVID,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1849, 
in  Dundee,  Scotland.  He  emigrated  with 
his  parents  in  1855  to  Napoleon,  Ohio, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  except  three 
years'  service  in  the  fourth  United  States 
artillery.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  until  his  fourteenth  year,  and  then 
entered  a  printing  office,  and  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1873. 
Although  always  a  democrat  he  has  been 
twice  appointed  to  office  by  republican 
authorities,  first  as  town  clerk  and  after 
ward  as  county  prosecuting  attorney  for 
the  county  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  after 
ward  elected  and  re-elected  to  the  same 
office;  in  1881  he  was  elected  probate 
judge,  and  served  two  terms.  In  1886  he 
established  a  banking  business  in  Na 
poleon,  Ohio,  under  the  name  of  Meekison 
bank,  to  which  he  has  given  his  princi 
pal  attention,  except  that  required  by  the 
duties  of  mayor  of  Napoleon,  Ohio,  in 
which  office  he  is  now  serving  his  fourth 
consecutive  term.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MEEKS,  EUGENE,  artist,  was  born  in 
1843  in  New  York.  Most  of  his  profes 
sional  lite  has  been  passed  at  Florence, 
Italy,  and  he  is  an  associate  of  the  Flor 
ence  academy.  Among  his  works  are,  Lit 
tle  Nell  and  Her  Grandfather;  Bridal 
Chamber  in  Palazzo  Manzi-Lucca;  Gon 
dola  Party,  Venice;  Startling  Bit  of  Gos 
sip;  and  Halt  at  the  Golden  Lion. 

MEES,  CARL  LEE,  scientist,  was  born 
May  20,  1853,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  at 
tended  the  Ohio  State  university,  and  the 
Imperial  university  of  Berlin.  For  five 
years  he  was  professor  of  physical  science 
in  the  Male  High  school  of  Louisville, 
Ky.;  for  six  years  was  professor  of  phys 
ics  and  chemistry  in  the  Ohio  university; 
since  1887  has  been  professor  of  physics  in 
the  Rose  Polytechnic  institute  of  Terre 
Haute,  Ind.;  and  has  been  president  of 
the  institution  since  1894. 

MEGAPOLENSIS,  JOHANNES,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1603  in  Holland. 
He  was  a  Dutch  clergyman  of  the  New 
Amsterdam  colony,  the  first  protestant 
missionary  to  the  Indians;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Short  Account  of  the  Mohawk 
Indians.  He  died  in  1670. 

MEIGHEN,  BENJAMIN  F.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Oct.  31,  1847,  in  Greene  county,  Pa. 
He  attended  the  South  Western  Normal 
college  of  New  California,  Pa.;  and  in 
1873  graduated  from  the  Waynesburg  col 
lege  with  the  degree  of  A.  M.  In  1875  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar;  has  been  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Marshall  county,  W. 
Va.,  for  eight  years;  and  has  a  large  prac 
tice  in  Moundsville.  For  two  years  he 
was  chairman  of  the  republican  state  ex 
ecutive  committee,  and  subsequently  was 
a  candidate  for  judge  of  the  circuit  court. 

MEIGS,  CHARLES  DELUCENA,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1792,  In 


Bermuda.  He  was  a  noted  Philadel 
phia  physician,  professor  in  Jefferson 
Medical  college  in  1841-61;  and  the 
author  of  Philadelphia  Practice  of 
Midwifery;  Science  and  Art  of  Ob 
stetrics;  Treatment  of  Child-Bed  Fevers; 
and  Acute  and  Chronic  Diseases  of  the 
Neck  of  the  Uterus.  He  died  June  22, 1869, 
in  Delaware  county,  Pa. 

MEIGS,  HENRY,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  28,  1782,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  city  from  1819 
to  1821.  For  many  years  he  was  an  active 
officer,  recording  secretary,  and  trustee  of 
the  American  institute  in  New  York.  He 
died  May  20,  1861,  in  New  York. 

MEIGS,  JAMES  AITKIN,  physician, 
naturalist,  author,  was  born  July  31,  1829, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  physician 
•and  naturalist  of  Philadelphia,  author  of 
Cranial  Characteristics,  and  other  scien 
tific  monographs.  He  died  Nov.  9,  1879, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MEIGS,  JOHN  FORSYTH,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1818,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  physi 
cian;  and  the  author  of  Memoir  of  C.  D. 
Meigs;  and  Diseases  of  Children.  He  died 
Dec.  16,  1882,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MEIGS,  JOHN  RODGERS,  soldier,  was 
born  Feb.  9,  1842,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  attained  the  office  of  chief  engineer  of 
the  army  of  the  Shenandoah,  and  while 
making  a  military  reconnoissance  was 
shot  by  guerrillas.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1864, 
in  Harrisburg,  Va. 

MEIGS,  JOSIAH,  educator,  public  of 
ficial,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1757,  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  He  was  the  second  man  ap 
pointed  to  be  commissioner  of  the  general 
land  office  in  Washington,  having  been 
appointed  in  1814,  and  remaining  in  office 
until  1822.  He  died  Sept.  4,  1822,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

MEIGS,  MONTGOMERY  C.,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  May  3,  1816,  in 
Augusta,  Ga.  He  studied  at  the  univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  graduated  from 
the  United  States 
Military  academy  in 
1836.  He  received 
an  appointment  in 
the  artillery,  but  was 
transferred  to  the 
corps  of  engineer 
ing.  He  took  a  part 
in  building  Fort 
Delaware,  in  the  im- 

provement      in      the 

uelaware    river    and 

Delaware  bay,  and  in  the  construc 
tion  of  Forts  Wayne,  Porter,  Niagara 
and  Ontario.  He  superintended  the 
building  of  the  new  wings  and  iron 
dome  of  the  capitol  extension,  the  exten 
sion  of  the  postoffice  department  build 
ing,  and  the  completion  of  Fort  Madison 
in  Annapolis.  In  1861  he  was  made  quar 
termaster-general  of  the  United  States 
army,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general; 
and  he  continued  to  hold  that  office  until 
his  retirement  from  active  service  in  1882. 
No  man  did  more  or  better  service  during 
the  civil  war  than  Gen.  Meigs.  He  died 
Jan.  2,  1892,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MEIGS,  RETURN  JONATHAN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  governor, 
was  born  in  Middletown,  Conn.  He  was 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Ohio;  was 
a  senator  in  congress  from  1808  to  1810; 
and  was  governor  of  the  state  from  1810 
to  1814.  He  was  appointed  postmaster- 
general  of  the  United  States  in  1814,  and 
held  the  office  nine  years.  He  died  March 
29,  1825,  in  Marietta. 


MEIGS,  RETURN  JONATHAN,  lawyer,, 
author,  was  born  April  14,  1801,  in  Clark 
county,  Ky.  He  was  a  noted  lawyer  of 
Tennessee;  and  the  author  of  Reports  of 
Tennessee  Supreme  Court  Cases;  Digest 
of  Tennessee  Decisions;  and  The  Code  of 
Tennessee. 

MEIKLEJOHN,  GEORGE  D.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 
26,  1857,  in  Waupaca  county,  Wis.  He  was 
educated  at  the  State 
Normal  school  of 
Oshkosh,  Wis.;  and 
the  Michigan  univer 
sity  of  Ann  Arbor. 
He  was  principal  of 
the  high  school  of 
Weyauwega,  his  na 
tive  place;  and  of 
Liscomb,  Iowa.  In 
*'  ^••tf*"  >•  1880  he  graduated 
from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  Michi 
gan  university;  and 

since  that  time,  when  not  in  office,  he  has 
practiced  law.  For  three  years  he  was 
county  attorney  for  Nance  county;  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  of  Nebraska  in. 
1884  and  in  1886;  and  was  president  of  the 
senate  during  his  second  term.  In  1888- 
90  he  was  lieutenant-governor  of  Ne 
braska;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  republic 
an.  He  declined  a  renomination  for  con 
gress;  and  in  1897  was  appointed  assist 
ant  secretary  of  war. 

MEISTER,  CATHERINE  B.,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  16,  1874,  in  Reading,  Pa. 
She  is  the  assistant  secretary  of  the 
Luther  league  of  America,  and  the  author 
of  several  works. 

MEISTER,  EMIL,  clergyman,  journal 
ist,  was  born  May  18,  1850,  in  Germany. 
He  is  prominent  as  one  of  the  foremost 
clergymen  of  the  German  evangelical 
Lutheran  church,  and  as  the  founder  of 
the  A.  Herr  Smith  Memorial  church  of 
Lancaster,  Pa.  He  stills  edits  two  maga 
zines — the  Family  Friend,  and  Church. 
Messenger. 

MELDRIM,  PETER  W.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1848,  in  Savannah, 
Ga.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools,  attended 
the  Chatham  academy;  and  graduated 
from  the  university  of  Georgia  with  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M.  He  has  been 
mayor  of  his  native  city;  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Georgia  state  legislature; 
and  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  state  senate.  He  is  president  of  the 
Alumni  society  of  the  university  of 
Georgia;  and  is  prominent  in  the  public 
affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

MELICK,  JOHN  E.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Sept.  1,  1855,  in  Lebanon,  N.  J. 
In  1895  he  became  president  of  the  Whip- 
pany  River  railroad  at  Morristown,  N.  J. 

MELINE,  JAMES  FLORANT,  was  born 
in  1811  in  Sackett's  Harbor,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  New  York  writer,  an  officer  in  the  feder 
al  army  during  the  civil  war;  and  the- 
author  of  Two  Thousand  Miles  on  Horse 
back ;  Commercial  Traveling;  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots  and  Her  Latest  English. 
Historian,  an  attack  upon  Fronde's  view 
of  the  subject;  and  Life  of  Sixtus  V.  He 
died  Aug.  14,  1873,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

MELISH,  JOHN,  traveler,  author,  wa& 
born  in  1781  in  Scotland.  He  was  a  noted 
traveler  of  Scottish  birth;  and  the  author 
of  Travels  in  the  United  States,  etc.;  De 
scription  of  the  Roads,  etc.;  Description 
of  the  United  States;  Necessity  of  Pro 
tecting  Manufactures;  Information  for 
Emigrants;  and  Statistical  View  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  Sept.  30,  1822,  In 
Philadelphia.,  Pa. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


651 


MELL,  PATRICK  HUES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  July  19,  1814,  in  Walth- 
ourville,  Ga.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman 
and  educator  of  Georgia,  and  vice-chan 
cellor  of  the  university  of  Georgia.  He 
was  the  author  of  Baptism;  Corrective 
Church  Discipline;  Parliamentary  Prac 
tice;  The  Philosophy  of  Prayer;  Church 
Polity;  and  Predestination.  He  died 
Jan.  26,  1888,  in  Athens,  Ga. 

MELL,  PATRICK  HUES,  geologist,  was 
born  May  24,  1850,  in  Penfield,  Ga.  Dur 
ing  1874-77  he  was  state  chemist  of 
Georgia;  during  1884-93  was  the  director 
of  the  state  weather  service  of  Alabama; 
and  in  1897  was  president  of  the  botan 
ical  section  of  Agricultural  Colleges  asso 
ciation.  He  is  the  author  of  Botanical 
Laboratory  Guide;  Climatology  of  Ala 
bama;  Climatology  of  Cotton  Plant;  and 
various  other  works  on  geology,  mining 
and  botany. 

MELLEN,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
business  man,  legislator,  was  born  May  11, 
1837,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  is  a  success 
ful  merchant  of  Great  Harrington,  Mass.; 
and  during  1896-97  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  state  legislature. 

MELLEN,  GRENVILLE,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  June  19,  1799,  in 
Biddeford,  Maine.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
New  York  city,  whose  poetry  was  once 
very  popular  and  much  praised  by  critics, 
but  is  now  forgotten.  He  was  the  author 
of  Our  Chronicle  of  '26,  a  satire;  The 
Martyr's  Triumph,  and  Other  Poems;  The 
Passions;  Glad  Tales  and  Sad  Tales,  a 
collection  of  tales  in  prose;  and  The  Rest 
of  the  Nations.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1841,  in 
New  York. 

MELLEN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1722  in  Hopkinton,  Mass. 
He  was  pastor  of  Hanover,  Mass.,  in  1784- 
1805,  and  afterward  removed  to  Reading, 
Mass.  He  published  eight  occasional 
sermons,  and  Fifteen  Discourses  on  Doc 
trinal  Subjects.  He  died  in  1807  in  Read 
ing.  Mass. 

MELLEN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1752  in  Sterling,  Mass.  He 
was  minister  of  Barnstable,  Mass.,  and 
after  retiring  from  the  pastorate  removed 
to  Cambridge.  He  published  eight  sep 
arate  sermons  and  discourses,  and  two 
Dudleian  Lectures.  He  died  in  1828  in 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

MELLEN,  PRENTISS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  11, 
1764,  in  Sterling,  Mass.  In  1817  he  was 
chosen  a  senator  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts;  and  a  presidential  elector  in 
1817.  On  the  separation  of  Maine  in  1820 
he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  senate,  and 
was  elected  the  first  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Maine.  He  died  Dec.  31, 
1840,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

MELLEN,  W.  H.,  merchant,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1840,  in  Gerry, 
N.  Y.  In  1878  he  closed  out  his  mercantile, 
business  in  Cliiiutau- 
qua  and  moved  to 
Lane,  Kan.,  and  sub 
sequently  to  Greeley, 
where  he  took 
charge  of  the  city 
schools  for  two 
years.  He  has  served 
as  county  register  of 
deeds  and  county 
treasurer  at  Garnett; 
where  he  has  also 
been  engaged  in  the 
wholesale  and  retail 
business.  He  has  contributed  extensively 
to  current  publications;  and  some  of  his 
poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  Poets  of 
America  and  other  standard  works. 


MELLETTE,  ARTHUR  C.,  governor, 
was  born  June  23,  1842,  in  Henry  county, 
Ind.  In  1864  he  graduated  from  the  In 
diana  university,  and 
immediately  entered 
the  northern  army, 
serving  as  a  private 
in  company  H,  ninth 
regiment  Indiana 
volunteer  infantry, 
until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  subse 
quently  admitted  to 
the  bar;  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  of 
Muncie  in  1868; 
served  as  a  member 
of  the  Indiana  house  of  representatives 
in  1871;  and  was  the  author  of  the  In 
diana  school  law  which  laid  the  founda 
tion  of  the  present  excellent  public  school 
system  of  that  state.  In  1878  he  moved 
to  Springfield,  Dakota  territory;  was  ap 
pointed  register  of  the  general  land  office; 
and  two  years  later  moved  to  Watertown. 
In  1889  he  was  appointed  governor  of  the 
territory;  and  in  1889  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  South  Dakota.  He  was  the  last 
governor  of  the  territory  of  Dakota,  and 
the  first  governor  of  the  state  of  South 
Dakota. 

MELLICK,  ANDREW  D.,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1844  in  New  Jersey.  He 
was  a  lawyer  of  Plainfield,  N.  J.;  and  the 
author  of  The  Story  of  an  Old  Farm;  and 
The  Hessians  in  New  Jersey.  He  died  in 
1895. 

MELLISH,  DAVID  B.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1831,  in  Oxford, 
Mass.  He  was  for  several  years  a  sten 
ographer  for  the  civil  authorities;  and 
also  wrote  for  the  newspapers.  In  1871 
he  was  appointed  an  assistant  appraiser 
in  the  custom  house;  and  in  1872  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a  republic 
an.  He  died  May  23,  1874,  in  the  Govern 
ment  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 

MELLON,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
banker,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1813,  in  Ire 
land.  During  1859-70  he  held  the  office  of 
assistant  law  judge  of  the  court  of  com 
mon  pleas  in  Pennsylvania,  and  then  de 
clined  a  renomination.  In  1870  he  opened 
the  door  of  the  private  bank  now  known 
as  Thomas  Mellon  and  Sons  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.,  and  he  is  yet  the  head  of  this  concern. 

MELOY,  JOHN,  farmer,  legislator,  was 
born  June  18,  1804,  in  Lancaster  county, 
Pa.  For  two  terms  he  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature. 

MELSHEIMER,  FREDERICK  VALEN 
TINE,  clergyman,  educator,  was  born 
Sept.  29,  1749,  in  Germany.  In  1787  he  be 
came  an  instructor  in  Franklin  college, 
Lancaster,  and  he  was  pastor  at  Han 
over,  York  county,  in  1790-1814.  He  died 
July  4,  1814,  in  Hanover,  Pa. 

MELVILLE,  EUNICE,  journalist,  was 
born  June  23,  1863,  in  Minneiska,  Minn. 
She  is  now  the  editor  and  publisher  of 
The  National  Rebekah  of  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  a  journal  devoted  to  the  woman's 
branch  of  Odd  Fellowship  throughout  the 
world.  For  eight  years  she  has  been  sec 
retary  of  the  Rebekah  state  assembly  of 
Minnesota. 

MELVILLE,  GEORGE  WALLACE,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1841, 
in  New  York  city.  He  has  been  chief  of 
the  bureau  of  steam  engineering  in  the 
United  States  navy  since  1887.  He  is  a 
survivor  of  the  ill-fated  Jeannette,  of 
which  he  was  engineer;  and  the  author  of 
In  the  Lena  Delta,  a  Narrative  of  the 
Search  for  Lieutenant-Commander  De 
Long  and  His  Companions. 


MELVILLE,  HENRY,  bishop  coadjutor 
of  Alabama,  was  born  July  28,  1848,  in 
Leesburg,  Va.  He  was  consecrated  bishop, 
coadjutor  of  Alabama  in  St.  Paul's  church, 
Selma,  Ala.,  in  1891. 

MELVILLE,  HERMAN,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1819,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  novelist  of  New  York 
city,  for  many  years  employed  in  the- 
custom-house.  He  was  the  author  of 
Typee;  Omoo;  White  Jacket;  Redburn; 
Mardi;  Pierre;  Israel  Potter;  The  Piazza 
Tales;  Moby  Dick;  The  Confidence  Man; 
Battle  Pieces,  a  volume  of  verse;  Clarel, 
a  poem;  John  Marr  and  Other  Sailors; 
and  Timoleon,  a  collection  of  poems.  He 
died  Sept.  28,  1891,  in  New  York  city. 

MENDENHALL,  GEORGE,  physician, 
author,  was  born  May  5,  1814,  in  Sharon, 
Pa.  On  the  organization  of  the  United 
States  sanitary  commission  at  the  begin 
ning  of  the  civil  war,  he  was  one  of  the- 
associates  and  president  of  the  Cincinnati 
branch  of  the  commission.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Medical  Student's  Vade- 
Mecum.  He  died  June  4,  1874,  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio. 

MENDENHALL,  JAMES  WILLIAM, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1842  in 
Ohio.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman, 
editor  of  The  Methodist  Review  from 
1888;  and  the  author  of  Echoes  from  Pal 
estine;  and  Plato  and  Paul.  He  died  in. 
1892. 

MENDENHALL,  THOMAS  CORWIN, 
educator,  scientist,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
4,  1841,  near  Hanoverton,  Ohio.  He  is  a 
prominent  scientist;  president  of  the 
Worcester  Polytechnic  institute  from 
1894;  and  author  of  A  Century  of  Elec 
tricity. 

MENDOZA,  FRANCISCO  FELIX,  phy 
sician,  pharmacist,  editor,  author,  was 
born  July  10,  1851,  in  Havana,  Cuba.  He 
studied  medicine  in  America  and  Europe, 
and  attended  the  hospitals  of  Europe. 
During  1876-85  he  practiced  in  Pinar  Del 
Rio  and  Guines,  Cuba;  and  in  1885-88  he 
practiced  medicine  in  Mexico  city,  Vera 
Cruz,  Pueblo,  and  other  places.  He  has 
edited  different  political  and  medical 
newspapers  in  Mexico  and  Cuba;  and  is 
the  author  of  the  Directorio  Biografico 
Professional  Hispano-Americano.  In  1888 
he  went  to  Key  West,  and  in  1894  moved 
to  Tampa,  Fla.,  where  he  is  now  actively 
engaged  in  his  profession. 

MENEES,  THOMAS,  physician,  educat 
or,  state  senator,  was  born  June  26,  1823, 
near  Nashville.  Tenn.  In  1874  he  was 
chosen  professor  of  materia  medica  and 
therapeutics  in  the  university  of  Nash 
ville,  and  in  1875  he  was  transferred  to  the 
chair  of  obstetrics.  He  was  also  elected 
to  the  same  place  in  Vanderbilt  university 
and  became  dean  of  its  medical  depart 
ment.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Tennessee 
state  senate  in  1857,  and  of  the  confeder 
ate  congress  during  the  civil  war. 

MENIFEE,  RICHARD  H.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1837  to  1839.  He  died  Feb.  21, 
1841,  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

iviENKEN,  ADAH  ISAACS,  actress, 
poet,  was  born  June  15,  1835,  near  New 
Orleans,  La.  She  was  an  actress  of  Jew 
ish  birth  whose  name  originally  was  Do 
lores  Adios  Fuertes.  She  was  the  author 
of  Memories;  and  Infelicia.  She  died 
Aug.  10,  1868,  in  Paris,  France. 

MENZIES,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  12,  1819,  in  Fayette 
county,  Ky.  In  1841  he  established  him 
self  in  Covington,  Ky.;  and  in  1848  and 
1855  was  elected  to  the  general  assembly 
of  Kentucky.  In  1861  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress. 


652 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MERCEIN,  THOMAS  FITZ  RAN 
DOLPH,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  27,  1825,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
a  methodist  clergyman  of  New  York  state; 
and  the  author  of  Natural  Goodness;  The 
Wise  Master  Builder;  and  Childhood  and 
the  Church.  He  died  Sept.  15,  1856,  in 
Sheffield,  Mass. 

MERCER,  ANNE  JANE,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  October,  1817,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  She  was  well  known  as  a  phil 
anthropist  of  her  time.  She  died  April  5, 
1886,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MERCER,  CHARLES  FENTON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  June  6,  1778,  in  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
From  1810  to  1817  he  was  a  member  of  the 
general  assembly  of  Virginia.  In  1813  he 
was  appointed  aid  to  the  governor,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  of 
militia.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  1817  to  1840.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Weakness  and  Inefficiency  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  which 
was  not  published  until  1863.  He  died 
May  4,  1858,  in  Howard,  Va. 

MERCER,  DAVID  H.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  9,  1857,  in  Benton 
county,  Iowa.  He  studied  law  one  year 
and  then  entered  the 
senior  class  of  the 
law  department  of 
Michigan  state  uni 
versity,  graduating 
in  1882,  after  which 
he  returned  to 
Brownville  to  prac- 
tice  his  profession. 
He  served  one  term 
as  city  clerk  and  po- 

lice  Judge;  and  was 
twice  elected  secre 
tary  of  the  republic 
an  state  central  committee.  He  moved  to 
Omaha  in  1885  and  for  several  years  was 
chairman  of  the  republican  city  and  coun 
ty  committees;  and  was  elected  secretary 
of  the  national  republican  congressional 
committee  in  1896.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

MERCER,  GEORGE  A.,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  9,  1835,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 
From  1872-74  he  served  in  the  Georgia 
legislature;  and  was  United  States  dis 
trict  judge  for  the  southern  district  of 
Georgia. 

MERCER,  HENRY  WILLIAM,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  13,  1839,  in 
England.  He  is  the  author  of  a  temper 
ance  work  entitled  A  Root  of  Bitterness. 

MERCER,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1747  in  Hampton 
-county,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house 
of  burgesses;  and  a  member  of  all  the 
Virginia  conventions,  and  of  the  commit 
tee  of  safety.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1779  and  1780;  and 
a  judge  of  admiralty,  and  of  the  first  court 
of  appeals  of  Virginia.  He  died  in  June, 
1793,  in  Hampton  county,  Va. 

MERCER,  JESSE,  clergyman,  was  born 
Dec.  16,  1769,  in  Halifax  county,  N.  C.  He 
has  filled  pastorates  in  the  baptist 
churches  in  Pennsylvania;  and  was  the 
founder  of  Mercer  university.  He  died 
Sept.  6,  1841. 

MERCER,  JOHN  FRANCIS,  soldier, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  May  17, 
1759,  in  Stafford  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
soldier  of  the  revolution;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  old  congress  fromVirglnia  from 
1782  to  1785.  He  was  a  member,  from 
Maryland,  of  the  convention  which  framed 
the  federal  constitution,  but  did  not  sign 
that  instrument.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  new  congress  from  1792  to  1794. 
He  was  governor  of  Maryland  from  1801 


to  1803;  and  also  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature  of  that  state.  He  died  Aug.  30, 
1821,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MERCER,  MARGARET,  philanthropist, 
author,  was  born  in  1792  in  Annapolis, 
Md.  She  voluntarily  reduced  herself 
from  affluence  to  poverty  by  freeing  her 
slaves  and  sending  them  to  Liberia,  and 
she  subsequently  taught  for  twenty  years 
in  Virginia.  She  prepared  two  volumes 
for  her  pupils,  Studies  for  Bible  Classes; 
and  Ethics,  a  Series  of  Lectures  to  Young 
Ladies.  She  died  in  June,  1846,  in  Vir 
ginia. 

MERCUR,  ANNA  HUBBARD,  poet,  was 
born  in  Lancaster,  Mass.  While  at  Rut 
gers  college  she  took  the  gold  medal  for 
an  essay.  Her  first  published  poem  was 
set  to  music  for  the  graduating  class  by 
George  Root.  She  has  been  a  constant 
contributor  to  magazines  and  journals, 
and  her  letters  from  France  and  Germany 
have  been  a  valuable  acquisition  to  his 
torical  literature.  She  is  the  author  of 
a  work  entitled  Cosmos  and  Other  Poems, 
which  contains  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems. 

MERCUR.  JAMES,  educator,  scientist, 
author,  was  born  in  1842  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  scientist  and  army  officer;  pro 
fessor  at  West  Point  since  1884;  and  the 
author  of  Elements  of  the  Art  of  War; 
and  Military  Mines,  Blasting,  and  Demoli 
tions.  He  died  in  1896. 

MERCUR,  ULYSSES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1818,  in 
Towanda,  Pa.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
president  judge  of  the  thirteenth  judicial 
district  of  Pennsylvania,  and  elected  to 
the  office  in  October  following  for  a  term 
of  ten  years,  but  resigned  on  being  elect 
ed,  in  1864,  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  and  forty- 
first  congresses.  He  died  June  6,  1887,  in 
Wallingford,  Pa. 

MEREDITH,  ELISHA  E.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  26, 
1848,  in  Sumter  county,  Ala.  He  served 
in  the  state  senate  of  Virginia  from  1883 
to  1887;  and  was  presidential  elector  in 
1888.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

MEREDITH,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  finan 
cier,  congressman,  was  born  in  1740  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  served  for  a  time  In 
the  colonial  legislature  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  was  a  delegate  from  that  state  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1787  and  1788.  On 
the  organization  of  the  federal  govern 
ment  he  was  appointed  treasurer  of  the 
United  States,  in  which  office  he  contin 
ued  until  1801.  when  he  resigned.  He  died 
March  10,  1817,  in  Belmont,  Pa. 

MEREDITH,  SOLOMON,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  was  born  May  29,  1810,  in  Guil- 
ford  county,  N.  C.  He  was  chosen  sheriff 
of  Fort  Wayne  coun 
ty,  Ind.,  in  1834  and 
1836,  thrice  elected  to 
legislature  in  1846- 
48,  and  in  1849  be 
came  United  States 
marshal  for  the  dis- 
trict  of  Indiana.  In 
1^54  he  was  again 
chosen  to  the  legis- 
I  lature.  In  July,  1861, 
!wh*d^^  I  he  became  colonel  of 
"  the  nineteenth  Indi 
ana  regiment,  which 
>aw  its  first  service  in  Virginia,  and  lost 
half  its  effective  force  at  Gainesville, 
where  he  was  wounded.  He  died  Oct.  21, 
1875,  in  Cambridge  City,  Ind. 


MEREDITH,  SULLIVAN  AMORY,  sol 
dier,  was  born  July  5,  1816,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  civil  war,  and 
was  promoted  to  brigadier-general  of  vol 
unteers.  He  died  Dec.  27,  1874,  in  Buffalo 
N.  Y. 

MEREDITH,  WILLIAM  MORRIS,  law 
yer,  was  born  June  8,  1799,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  state  constitutional  convention 
of  1837;  was  secretary  of  the  treasury 
from  1849  to  1850;  and  attorney-general 
of  Pennsylvania  from  1861  to  1867.  He 
was  president  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention  of  1872.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1873, 
in  Philadelphia. 

MERIAM,  EBENEZER,  meteorologist, 
was  born  June  20,  1794,  in  Concord,  Mass. 
He  was  the  originator  of  the  theory  of 
cycles  of  atmospherical  phenomena,  upon 
which  he  published  articles  that  attracted 
the  attention  of  scientists  at  home  and 
abroad.  He  began  in  1841,  at  his  own  ex 
pense,  the  publication  of  The  Municipal 
Gazette  in  New  York.  He  died  March  19, 
1864,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

MERIWETHER,  DAVID,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1755  in  Virginia. 
In  1785  he  settled  in  Wilkes  county,  Ga., 
which  he  represented  in  the  legislature 
for  several  terms.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1802 
to  1807.  He  died  Nov.  16,  1822,  near  Ath 
ens,  Ga. 

MERIWETHER,  DAVID,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  30, 
1800,  in  Louisa  county,  Va.  He  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  Kentucky  for  one 
session  in  1852;  and  was  appointed  in 
1853  governor  of  the  territory  of  New 
Mexico. 

MERIWETHER,  MRS.  ELIZABETH 
[AVERY],  author,  was  born  in  1832  in 
Tennessee.  She  is  a  novelist  of  Memphis, 
Tenn.;  and  the  author  of  The  Master  of 
Red  Leaf;  Black  and  White;  The  Ku 
Klux  Klan;  and  My  First  and  Last  Love. 

MERIWETHER,  I.  A.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Georgia.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1841  to  1843. 

MERIWETHER,  JAMES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Wilkes  county,  Ga.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1825  to  1827. 

MERIWETHER,  LEE,  public  official, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1862,  in  Colum 
bus,  Miss.  He  is  a  special  agent  of  the 
United  States  bureau  of  labor;  and  the 
author  of  A  Tramp  Trip:  How  to  See 
Europe  on  Fifty  Cents  a  Day;  The  Tramp 
at  Home;  and  Afloat  and  Ashore  on  the 
Mediterranean. 

MERKLIN,  LEON  CHARLES,  linguist, 
was  born  in  1740  in  New  Orleans,  La. 
He  is  known  by  several  treatises  on  the 
North  American  Indian  dialects,  which  he 
pretended  to  have  learned  in  trading  with 
the  Indians.  He  died  in  1797  in  Paris, 
France. 

MERREFIELD,  JOSEPH,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1820,  in  Franklin,  Ohio. 
He  has  been  secretary  of  the  Maryland 
Historical  society;  president  of  the  soci 
ety  for  the  Protection  of  Children,  and 
an  officer  in  many  charitable  institutions. 
He  is  now  treasurer  of  the  Johns  Hopkins 
hospital  of  Baltimore.  He  is  the  author 
of  two  prose  stories;  and  numerous 
poems. 

MERRELL,  EDWARD  H.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  April  15,  1835,  in 
New  Hartford,  N.  Y.  Since  1862  he  has 
been  professor  in  the  Ripon  college,  Wis 
consin,  of  which  institution  he  was  presi 
dent  during  1876-91,  and  now  fills  the 
chair  of  philosophy. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


653 


MERRIAM,  AUGUSTUS  CHAPMAN, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1843  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  Greek  scholar;  adjunct 
professor  of  Greek  at  Columbia  college; 
and  the  author  of  Law  Code  of  Gortynia 
in  Crete;  Inscriptions  on  the  Obelisk 
Crab;  The  Phoenicians  of  Homer;  and 
Sixth  and  Seventh  Books  of  Herodotus. 
He  died  in  1895. 

MERRIAM,  CHARLES,  publisher,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1806,  in 
West  Brookfield.  Mass.  He  was  active 
in  benevolent  works  and  contributed 
?5,000  and  numerous  books  for  the  estab 
lishment  of  a  public  library  in  Spring 
field.  He  bequeathed  $50,000  to  mission 
ary,  Bible  and  other  religious  societies. 
He  died  July  9,  1887,  in  Springfield,  Mass. 

MERRIAM,  CLINTON  HART,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1855  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  naturalist  of  note,  chief  of  the 
United  States  biological  survey;  and  the 
author  of  Vertebrates  of  the  Adirondack 
Region;  and  Mammals  of  the  Adiron- 
dacks. 

MERRIAM,  CLINTON  L.,  merchant, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  March  25, 
1824,  in  Leyden,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-second  and 
forty-third  congresses  as  a  republican. 

MERRIAM,  FLORENCE  AUGUSTA, 
author,  was  born  in  1863  in  New  York. 
She  is  a  Washington  writer;  and  the  au 
thor  of  A-Birding  on  a  Bronco;  My  Sum 
mer  in  a  Mormon  Village;  and  Birds 
Through  an  Opera  Glass. 

MERRIAM,  FRANK  F.,  journalist,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1865,  in  Hopkin- 
ton,  Iowa.  He  is  the  editor  and  propri 
etor  of  the  Hopkinton  Leader  in  Iowa; 
and  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  twenty-sixth  and  twenty-seventh 
general  assemblies  of  the  Iowa  state  leg 
islature. 

MERRIAM,  GEORGE,  publisher,  was 
born  Jan.  20,  1803,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 
In  1831  he  removed  to  Springfield  with 
his  brother  and  established  in  1832  the 
publishing  house  of  G.  and  C.  Merriam. 
Their  earliest  publications  were  law 
books,  editions  of  the  Bible,  and  school 
books.  He  died  June  22,  1880,  in  Spring 
field,  Mass. 

MERRIAM,  GEORGE  SPRING,  author, 
was  born  in  1843  in  Maine.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  Living  Faith;  Life  and  Times 
of  Samuel  Bowles;  The  Way  of  Life; 
The  Story  of  William  and  Lucy  Smith;  A 
Symphony  of  the  Spirit;  The  Chief  End 
of  Man;  and  Reminiscences  and  Letters 
of  Caroline  C.  Briggs. 

MERRIAM,  WILLIAM  RUSH,  govern 
or,  was  born  July  26,  1849,  at  Wadham's 
Mills,  N.  Y.  When  eleven  years  of  age 

he   moved    with    his 

I  parents  to  Minne 
sota,  and  has  since 
resided  in  St.  Paul, 
except  when  at  col 
lege  in  Racine,  Wis. 
For  awhile  he  was 
clerk  in  the  First 
National  bank;  was 
appointed  cashier  of 
the  Merchant's  Na 
tional  bank  in  1873; 
was  elected  its  vice- 
president  in  1881; 
and  since  1882  has  been  president  of  that 
institution.  In  1882  he  was  elected  to 
the  Minnesota  state  legislature;  was  again 
elected  in  1886,  and  was  chosen  speaker. 
In  1888  he  was  elected  governor  of  Minne 
sota,  and  received  the  re-election  two 
years  later.  He  is  a  liberal  contributor 
to  charitable  enterprises;  has  been  prom 
inently  interested  in  agricultural  matters; 
has  served  as  vice-nresident  and  presi 
dent  of  the  State  Agricultural  association. 


MERRICK,  CAROLINA  ELIZABETH, 
reformer,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1825,  in  Cot 
tage  Hall,  La.  She  was  educated  by  pri 
vate  tutors,  and  re 
ceived  instruction 
from  the  professors 
in  the  college  at 
Jackson,  La.  She 
has  been  president  of 
the  Foreign  Mission 
ary  society  of  the 
methodist  church; 
and  other  societies. 
She  formed  the  first 
suffragesociety  inthe 
state  of  Louisiana, 
and  was  elected  its 

president.  For  ten  years  she  has  been  the 
president  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Tem 
perance  union  of  Louisiana;  and  for  the 
same  length  of  time  her  husband  was 
chief  justice  of  Louisiana. 

MERRICK,  EDWIN  T.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  9,  1809,  in  Wilbraham, 
Mass.  He  served  as  district  judge  of  the 
Florida  parishes  and  was  twice  chief 
justice  of  Louisiana.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1897. 
MERRICK,  FREDERICK,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  in  1810,  in  Wil 
braham,  Mass.  In  1860  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  univer 
sity,  resigning  in  1875. 

MERRICK,  JAMES  LYMAN,  mission 
ary,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1803, 
in  Monson,  Mass.  During  1834-45  he  was 
a  missionary  in  Persia;  and  subsequently 
was  pastor  of  the  congregational  church 
of  Amherst.  He  was  the  author  of  Pil 
grim's  Harp,  a  volume  of  poems;  Life 
and  Religion  of  Mohammed;  and  a  Gene 
alogy  of  the  Merrick  Family.  He  died 
June  18,  1866,  in  Amherst,  Mass. 

MERRICK,  PLINY,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1794,  in  Brook- 
field,  Mass.  In  1827  he  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  legislature  for  Worcester;  in 
1843  became  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas;  and  in  1844  of  the  municipal 
court.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1850; 
and  during  1853-64  was  judge  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  supreme  court.  He  died  Feb. 
1,  1867,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

MERRICK,  SAMUEL  VAUGHAN,  man 
ufacturer,  was  born  May  4,  1801,  in  Hal- 
lowell,  Maine.  He  studied  engineering, 
and  about  1835  established  at  Philadelphia 
the  Southwark  iron  foundry,  which  be 
came  the  finest  work  of  the  kind  in  this 
country.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1870,  in  Phila 
delphia. 

MERRICK,  WILLIAM  DUHURST, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  25, 
1793,  in  Annapolis,  Md.  He  served  in  the 
United  States  senate  from  1838  to  1845. 
He  was  the  author  of  the  cheap  postage 
scheme  in  congress.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1857, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MERRICK,  WILLIAM  MATTHEWS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  1,  1818,  in  Charles  county,  Md.  In 
1S54  he  was  appointed  associate  judge  of 
the  United  States  circuit  court  of  the 
District  of  Columbia;  when  this  court 
was  abolished,  in  1863,  he  retired  to  Mary 
land  to  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In 
1866  and  1867  he  was  senior  professor  of 
law  in  Columbian  college;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Maryland  legislature  in  1870. 
He  was  a  representative  to  the  forty-sec 
ond  congress  as  a  democrat.  In  1885  he 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 
He  died  Feb.  4,  1889,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
MERRILL,  AYRES  PHILLIPS,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  April  17,  1793,  in 
Pittsfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Memphis,  and  subsequently  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Lectures  on  Fev 
ers.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1873,  in  New  York. 


MERRILL,   CHARLES   AMOS,    lawyer, 
editor,   was  born   Sept.   23,   1843,   in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.    He  attended  the  Concord  High 
school;       Dartmouth 
college        for        two 
years;    and  the  Wes- 
^^^      leyan   university  for 
•w  flg^.  twoyears,  from 

which  latter  institu 
tion  he  graduated  in 
1864;  graduated  from 
the  Columbia  Law 
school  in  1868,  and  a 
year  later  from  the 
Harvard  Law  school. 
He  has  been  secre 
tary  of  sergeant-at- 
arms  of  the  United  States;  secretary  of 
Senator  Patterson;  examiner  in  division 
of  referred  claims  of  paymaster-general's 
office;  and  paymaster's  clerk  United 
States  army;  and  editor  of  the  Supple 
ment  to  the  Massachusetts  Statutes.  He 
is  now  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of 
New  England,  and  has  a  lucrative  prac 
tice  at  Worcester,  Mass. 

MERRILL,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  18,  1765,  in  Row 
ley,  Md.  After  serving  three  years  in  the 
revolutionary  army  he  entered  Dartmouth, 
where  he  was  graduated  in  1789.  He  then 
studied  theology  and  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1791.  He  was  a  founder  and 
efficient  friend  of  Waterville  college,  serv 
ing  as  trustee  for  twelve  years  after  its 
organization.  He  published  Eight  Let 
ters  on  Open  Communion;  Letters  Occa 
sioned  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Worcester's 
Two  Discourses;  Mode  and  Subjects  of 
Baptism  Examined,  with  a  Miniature  His 
tory  of  Baptism;  and  Balaam  Disappoint 
ed.  He  died  June  3,  1833,  in  Sedgwick, 
Maine. 

MERRILL,  FRANK  THAYER,  artist, 
was  born  in  1848,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
has  attained  success  as  an  artist;  among 
his  best  known  works  are:  Lalla  Rookh; 
Prince  and  the  Pauper;  Courtship  of 
Miles  Standish;  My  Days  and  Nights  on 
the  Battlefield;  The  Man  "Without  a 
Country;  and  Rip  Van  Winkle. 

MERRILL,  GEORGE  PERKINS,  edu 
cator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  May  31, 
1854,  in  Auburn,  Maine.  He  is  a  geologist, 
professor  in  Columbian  university,  Wash 
ington,  from  1893;  and  the  author  of 
Stones  for  Building  and  Decoration;  and 
Handbook  of  the  Geological  Department, 
Smithsonian  Institution. 

MERRILL,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  June  26,  1837,  in 
Turner,  Maine.  He  entered  the  union 
army,  and  was  commissioned  first  lieu 
tenant  of  company  F,  sixtieth  regiment  of 
Indiana  volunteers;  and  subsequently  to 
major  of  his  regiment.  He  removed  to 
Nevada,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  h'is 
profession.  He  was  district  attorney  for 
about  twelve  years;  and  in  1880  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
and  at  the  session  of  1881  was  elected 
speaker.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  land 
attorney  of  the  state;  and  in  1885  was 
appointed  minister  resident  of  the  United 
States  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

MERRILL,  LEWIS,  soldier,  was  born 
Oct.  28,  1834,  in  New  Berlin,  Pa.  He  or 
ganized  a  regiment  of  Missouri  volunteer 
cavalry,  of  which  he  was  appointed  col 
onel,  and  the  regiment  was  called  Mer 
rill's  Horse. 

MERRILL,  MOODY,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  June  27,  1836,  in  Camp- 
ton,  N.  H.  In  1868  he  was  elected  to  the 
Massachusetts  house  of  representatives; 
in  1873-74  was  a  member  of  the  senate; 
and  after  retiring  from  political  life  be 
came  president  of  the  Highland  Street 
railway  of  Boston. 


•654 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MERRILL,  ORSAMUS  C.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1776  in  Vermont.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Vermont  from  1817 
to  1820.  He  also  held  the  positions  of 
county  attorney  for  two  years;  state  coun 
cilor  for  four  years;  state  senator  for  one 
year;  register  of  probate  for  two  years; 
and  judge  of  probate  for  six  years.  He 
died  April  11,  1865,  in  Bennington. 

MERRILL,  SAMUEL,  merchant,  soldier, 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  7, 
1822,  in  Turner,  Maine.  In  1854  he  was 
elected  to  the  New  Hampshire  state  legis 
lature.  He  went  to  Iowa  in  1856;  and  in 
1860  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  that 
state.  He  was  subsequently  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Iowa,  serving  in  that  capacity 
from  1868  to  1872. 

MERRILL,  SELAH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  2,  1837,  in  Canton,  Conn. 
He  is  a  congregational  clergyman  and 
archaeologist,  United  States  consul  at 
Jerusalem  in  1882-86.  He  is  the  author  of 
East  of  the  Jordan;  Galilee  in  the  Time 
of  Christ;  Greek  Inscriptions  Collected  in 
1875-77  East  of  the  Jordan;  and  The  Site 
of  Calvary. 

MERRILL,  SHERBURN  SANBORN, 
railroad  manager,  was  born  July  28,  1818, 
in  Alexandria,  N.  H.  In  1865  he  became 
general  manager  of  the  Chicago  and 
Northwestern  railroad  in  Milwaukee. 

MERRILL,  STEPHEN  MASON,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1825,  in  Jeffer 
son  county,  Ohio.  He  is  a  methodist  bish 
op  in  Ohio;  and  the  author  of  Christian 
Baptism;  New  Testament  Idea  of  Hell; 
The  Second  Coming  of  Christ;  Aspects 
of  Christian  Experience;  Digest  of  Meth 
odist  Law;  Outlines  of  Thought  on  Pro 
bation;  and  Mary  of  Nazareth  and  Her 
Family. 

MERRILL,  WILLIAM  BRADFORD, 
journalist,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1861,  in  Salis 
bury,  N.  H.  In  1891  he  became  managing 
editor  of  The  New  York  Press,  which  po 
sition  he  still  holds. 

MERRILL,  WILLIAM  EMORY,  mili 
tary  engineer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  11, 
1837,  in  Wisconsin.  He  is  a  military  en 
gineer  in  the  United  States  army;  and  the 
author  of  Iron  Truss  Bridges;  and  Im 
provement  of  Tidal  Rivers. 

MERRIMAN,  EDWARD  MUNROE,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  11, 
1843,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  In  1867  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  United  States  Military 
academy  of  West  Point;  and  during  1867- 
71  was  lieutenant  in  the  first  regiment 
United  States  artillery.  He  Is  a  success 
ful  lawyer  in  Little  Rock,  Ark.;  and  for 
four  successive  terms  has  been  judge  of 
the  county  court  of  Arkansas. 

MERRIMAN,  MANSFIELD,  civil  en 
gineer,  educator,  author,  was  born  March 
27,  1848,  in  Southington,  Conn.  He  is  a 
civil  engineer,  professor  at  Lehigh  univer 
sity  since  1881;  and  the  author  of  Con 
tinuous  Bridges;  Elements  of  the  Method 
of  Least  Squares;  The  Figure  of  the 
Earth;  Mechanics  of  Materials;  Treatise 
on  Hydraulics;  Text-Book  on  Retaining 
Walls  and  Masonry  Dams;  Introduction 
to  Geodetic  Surveying;  and  Text-Book 
on  Roofs  and  Bridges. 

MERRIMAN,  TRUMAN  ADAMS,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  journalist,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  5,  1839,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  He 
entered  the  union  army  in  1861  as  captain 
in  the  ninety-second  New  York  infantry, 
and  was  mustered  out  of  service  in  1864 
as  lieutenant-colonel.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 


MERRIMON,  AUGUSTUS  SUMMER- 
FIELD,  jurist,  legislator,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1830,  in  North 
Carolina.  He  was  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature  of  North  Carolina  in  1860,  and 
was  elected  a  judge  of  the  superior  court 
in  1866,  but  in  1867  resigned  rather  than 
obey  a  military  order.  He  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879. 

MERRITT,  ANNA  LEA,  artist,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  13,  1844,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  Of  her  pictures  Eve  Overcome  by  Re 
morse  has  attracted  the  most  attention. 
She  published  a  memorial  01  her  husband 
entitled  Henry  Merritt's  Art  Criticism 
and  Romance,  with  Recollections  and 
Twenty-three  Etchings. 

MERRITT,  SAMUEL  A.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1828,  in 
Staunton,  Va.  He  was  county  clerk  in 
California  in  1850;  a  member  of  the  state 
assembly  in  1851  and  1852;  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  in  1857-62,  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  forty-second  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

MERRITT,  TIMOTHY,  clergyman,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  October,  1775,  in  Bark- 
hamsted,  Conn.  He  was  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  and  journalist,  and  the  author  of 
Christian  Manual;  Convert's  Guide;  Dis 
cussion  Against  Universal  Salvation; 
Validity  of  Infant  Baptism;  and  Lectures 
on  Universal  Salvation.  He  died  May  2, 
1845,  in  Lynn,  Mass. 

MERRITT,  WESLEY,  soldier,  was  born 
June  16,  1836,  in  New  York  city.  For 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg  he  was  brevet- 
ted  major. 

MERTON,  HOLMES  WHITTIER,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  April  5,  1860,  In 
Lebanon,  Ohio.  He  has  delivered  a  thou 
sand  lectures  on  human  government  and 
education;  and  has  discovered  important 
laws  in  biology  and  physiology.  Among 
his  works  are  Descriptive  Mentality;  and 
The  Harmonic  Republic.  In  painting  he 
has  executed  the  Muscles  of  an  Athlete; 
with  many  large  paintings  on  anatomy 
and  histology. 

MERVIN,  ORANGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Litchfield,  Conn.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Connecticut 
from  1825  to  1829. 

MERVINE,  WILLIAM,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1790  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
entered  the  navy,  and  was  made  midship 
man  in  1809.  He  was  placed  on  the  re 
tired  list  in  1861,  promoted  commodore  in 
1862  and  rear-admiral  in  1866.  He  died 
Sept.  15,  1868,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

MERWIN,  ELIAS,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1825  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a 
Boston  lawyer,  professor  of  equity  in 
Boston  university  from  1854,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Principles  of  Equity  and 
Equity  Pleading.  He  died  in  1891. 

MERWIN,  J.  B.,  journalist.  As  the 
editor  of  the  American  Journal  of  Edu 
cation  his  power  has  been  felt  throughout 
the  United  States,  for,  with  pen  and  voice, 
he  is  constantly  pleading  for  large  and 
better  systems  of  education. 

MESERVE,  FRANK  PIERCE,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1852,  in  Roches 
ter,  N.  H.  He  attended  the  West  Lebanon 
academy,  Maine,  and  subsequently  moved 
to  Redlands,  Cal.,  where  he  is  a  success 
ful  clothing  merchant.  For  four  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the  city  council,  and  for 
two  years  was  library  trustee.  In  1894  he 
was  a  candidate  for  the  California  state 
assembly.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of 
various  fraternal  orders,  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs. 


MESICK,  WILLIAM  S.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1856,  in  New 
ark,  N.  Y.  Since  1881  he  has  been  in  ac 
tive  practice  of  the  law;  and  held  the 
office  of  prosecuting  attorney  of  Antrim 
county,  Mich.,  for  one  term.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

MESSENGER,  LILLIAN  ROZELL, 
poet,  was  born  in  1853  in  Kentucky.  In 
1886  she  published  a  volume  of  prose  and 
verse  entitled  Fragments  from  an  Old 
Inn;  and  the  following  year  appeared 
The  Vision  of  Gold,  and  Other  Poems; 
and  The  Southern  Cross  is  her  latest  vol 
ume.  These  works  contain  many  rare 
gems  of  thought  that  entitle  her  to  a 
laurel  wreath  of  fame  as  a  national  poet. 

MESSER,  ASA,  educator,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  1769  in  Methuen,  Mass. 
After  six  years  of  service  he  was 
advanced  in  1796  to  the  professor 
ship  of  learned  languages  in  the  Brown 
university.  In  1799  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  chair  of  mamematics  and 
natural  philosophy,  and  on  the  resignation 
of  Jonathan  Maxcy  in  1802  was  appointed 
president  of  the  college.  He  died  Oct.  11, 
1836,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

MESSINGER,  ROBERT  HINCKLEY, 
poet,  was  born  in  1811  in  Boston,  Mass. 
His  poems  were  written  between  1827  and 
1832,  and  appeared  in  the  New  York  Am 
erican.  The  principal  one,  Give  Me  the 
Old,  was  published  in  that  journal  in  1838. 
He  died  Oct.  1,  1874,  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

MESSLER,  ABRAHAM,  clergyman, 
was  born  Nov.  15,  1800,  in  Whitehouse, 
N.  J.  He  was  pastor  of  the  reformed 
Dutch  churches  in  Pompton  Plains  and 
in  Montville  from  1829  till  1832,  and  be 
came  subsequently  pastor  of  the  churches 
of  this  denomination  in  Raritan  and  Som- 
erville,  N.  J.  His  publications  include 
Fruits  of  Early  Piety;  St.  Paul's  Gratitude 
to  Onesiphorus;  and  Sermon  on  the  Death 
of  President  Lincoln.  He  died  June  12, 
1882,  in  Somerville,  N.  J. 

MESSMER,  SEBASTIAN  SEBBARD, 
clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1847, 
in  Switzerland.  For  eight  years  he  was 
professor  of  theology  in  South  Orange,  N. 
J.,  and  for  two  years  professor  of  canon 
law  in  the  Catholic  university  of  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  Since  1892  he  has  been 
bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Green  Bay,  Wis. 

METCALF,  ARUNAH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1811  to  1813;  and  subsequently 
served  four  years  in  the  assembly  of  New 
York  from  Otsego  county. 

METCALF,  LORETTUS  BUTTON, 
journalist,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1837,  in  Mon- 
mouth,  Maine.  In  1886  he  founded  The 
Forum,  of  which  he  was  editor-in-chief 
for  five  years,  when  he  moved  to  Florida 
and  established  in  Jacksonville  The  Flor 
ida  Citizen. 

METCALF,  MASON  JEROME,  inventor, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1807,  in  Fairfax,  Maine. 
His  most  important  invention  was  a  meth 
od  of  producing  letter-stencils  by  means 
of  dies,  which  he  was  the  first  to  practice 
and  bring  into  use.  He  died  July  23,  1883, 
in  Monmouth,  Maine. 

METCALF,  RALPH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  21, 
1798,  in  Charlestown,  N.  H.  He  began 
the  practice  of  law  at  Newport,  N.  H.,  in 
1826,  and  was  secretary  of  state  for  sev 
eral  years  from  1830.  He  was  register  of 
probate  for  Sullivan  county  in  1845,  and 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  for  com 
piling  the  laws  of  the  state  in  1852.  He 
was  governor  of  New  Hampshire  in  1855 
and  1856.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1858.  In  Clare- 
mont,  N.  H, 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


655 


METCAL.F,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  au- 
'thor,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1829,  in  Provi- 
•dence,  R.  I.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man,  pastor  at  Winchester,  Mass.,  in  1866- 
81;  and  the  author  of  Letter  and  Spirit; 
and  The  Abiding  Memory,  a  collection  of 
Sermons.  He  died  June  30,  1881,  in  Win 
chester,  Mass. 

METCALF,  THERON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
.author,  was  born  uct.  16,  1784,  in  Frank 
lin,  Mass.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Massachu 
setts;  and  the  author  of  Principles  of  the 
Law  of  Contracts;  Digest  of  Massachu 
setts  Supreme  Court  Cases  in  1816-23;  and 
Reports,  in  1840-49.  He  died  Nov.  12, 
1875,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

METCALFE,  HENRY,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  29,  1847,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  an  instructor  of  ordnance  at  West 
Point  who  has  published  The  Cost  of 
Manufactures;  and  Ordnance  and  Gun 
nery. 

METCALFE,  HENRY  B.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1805, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  county  judge 
from  1847  to  1874,  when  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress. 

METCALFE,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  orator, 
was  born  April  19,  1853,  in  Clark  county, 
Ky.  For  many  years  he  taught  school 
in  Illinois,  and  since  1884  has  practiced 
law  in  Iowa,  and  has  a  lucrative  practice 
in  Newton.  As  a  political  orator  he  is 
well  known  in  the  west,  and  lectured  ex 
tensively  during  the  political  campaign  of 
1896,  gaining  a  reputation  as  a  brilliant 
and  patriotic  platform  speaker. 

METCALFE,  LYNE  SHACKELFORD, 
soldier,  merchant,  congressman,  was  born 
April  21,  1822,  in  Madisonville,  Ky.  He 
•moved  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1863;  served  in 
the  city  council  there,  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Missouri  to  the  for 
ty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

METCALFE,  SAMUEL  L.,  scientist, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1798, 
near  Winchester,  Va.  He  was  a  physician 
and  scientist  of  New  York  city,  and  the 
author  of  Narratives  of  Indian  Warfare 
in  the  West;  New  Theory  of  Terrestrial 
Magnetism;  and  Caloric.  He  died  July 
17,  1856,  in  Cape  May,  N.  J. 

METCALFE,  THOMAS,  soldier,  state 
"legislator,  congressman,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  March  20,  1780, 
'in  Fauquier  county,  Va.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Kentucky  legislature  for  sev 
eral  years.  He  was  a  representative  in 
<congress  from  1819  to  1829,  when  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Kentucky,  which  of 
fice  he  held  until  1833.  In  1834  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate,  and  in  1840 
"was  chosen  president  of  the  board  of  in 
ternal  improvement.  In  1848  he  was  ap 
pointed  and  elected  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term  of  Mr.  Crittenden  in  the  senate  of 
the  United  States.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1855, 
in  Nicholas  county,  Ky. 

METEER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  journalist, 
^vas  born  Dec.  11,  1872,  in  Parsons,  Kan. 
He  is  the  editor  and  part  owner  of  The  Ad 
vocate  of  Richfield,  Utah;  and  a  lawyer 
•of  that  city.  He  is  prominent  in  political 
affairs;  was  twice  elected  chairman  of 
the  Richfield  republicans;  and  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  material  advance 
ment  of  his  city  and  county. 

METTKE,  HANS,  musician,  composer, 
-was  born  July  24,  1856,  in  Posen.  He  has 
Ttublished  numerous  compositions  for 
~voice,  piano  and  orchestra,  and  is  the 
author  of  numerous  letters  on  musical 
•history. 

MEYER,  ADOLPH,  soldier,  planter, 
•congressman,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1842. 
He  was  elected  from  Louisiana  to  the 
JHfty-second,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 


congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

MEYER,  CORNELIA  BEEBEE,  the 
wife  of  the  Hon.  John  Meyer  of  Newton, 
Iowa,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1832,  in  Bristol, 
N.  Y.  In  1853  she 
graduated  from  the 
Oberlin  college,  Ohio, 
and  was  one  of  the 
most  active,  perse 
vering  and  self-sac 
rificing  for  others' 
good  in  her  time. 
Previously  she  had 
received  the  rudi 
ments  of  her  educa 
tion  in  the  public 
schools,  in  which  she 
also  was  a  teacher. 
She  was  an  untiring  worker  and  leader 
during  the  war  in  the  Woman's  Relief 
corps;  and  was  ever  active  in  the  Wo 
man's  Christian  Temperance  union,  Young 
Men's  Christian  association,  the  W.  S.  A. 
and  the  Y.  P.  S.  C.  E.,  always  spending 
her  time  in  things  promotive  for  good.  In 
1853  she  was  married  to  Mr.  Meyer,  and 
was  a  leader  in  the  religious  and  educa 
tional  affairs  of  Newton,  Iowa,  until  her 
death  on  July  24,  1895. 

MEYER,  JOHN,    soldier,   farmer,    mer 
chant,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1826, 
near  Bellefonte,  Pa.     In  1846  he  attended 
the  Mifflinburg  acad 
emy,     Pennsylvania; 
in  1853  he  graduated 
from  the  Oberlin  col- 
^^   ^          lege,  Ohio,  and  sub- 
I  sequently    taught    in 
the  common  and  ac 
ademic   schools,   and 
in  Oberlin  college.  In 
|  1861  he  was  a  repre- 

•  •">,  ,1^  sentative  in  the  ninth 

|^-  I   general    assembly   of 

•^A.  /  \  iaB  Iowa.  In  1862  he 
was  captain  of  com 
pany  K,  twenty-eighth  regiment  Iowa 
volunteer  infantry;  served  three  years  in 
the  war;  was  in  many  hard-fought  bat 
tles,  and  for  bravery  was  commissioned 
major  and  colonel.  In  1865  he  was  elected 
state  senator,  and  served  in  the  eleventh 
and  twelfth  assemblies,  and  again  served 
with  distinction  in  the  seventeenth  and 
eighteenth  general  assemblies.  In  1878  he 
was  a  Grant  elector;  has  been  trustee  and 
treasurer  of  the  Iowa  Soldiers'  Orphans' 
home;  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  Iowa 
college  since  1860;  for  sixteen  years  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  of  instruc 
tion  and  instructors;  for  twelve  years  was 
president  of  the  school  board;  to?  ten 
years  was  city  councilman  of  Newton, 
Iowa;  and  was  an  original  abolitionist 
and  a  conductor  on  the  underground  rail 
road. 

MEYER,  LUCY  RIDER,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  September, 
1849,  in  Weybridge,  Vt.  She  is  the  found 
er  and  principal  of  the  Chicago  Training 
school;  also  founder  of  the  deaconess 
work  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church  of 
America;  and  editor-in-chief  of  the  Dea 
coness  Advocate. 

MEYERHARDT,  MAX,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Oct.  24,  1855,  in  Germany.  When 
a  year  old  he  came  to  America  with  his 
parents,  and  was  educated  in  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  and  Rome,  Ga.  He  is  an  able  law 
yer  of  Rome,  Ga.,  of  which  city  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  board  of  education 
for  fourteen  years.  He  has  been  city  at 
torney  and  county  attorney;  and  has 
served  with  distinction  as  judge  of  his 
city  and  county.  He  is  a  prominent  Ma 
son,  and  has  filled  several  of  the  highest 
offices  in  that  order. 


MEYERS,  BENJAMIN  F.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  July  6,  1833,  in  Centreville,  Pa. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
state  legislature  in  1864,  and  a  delegate 
to  the  democratic  national  convention  in 
1864.  He  became  editor  and  proprietor  of 
the  Bedford  Gazette  in  1857,  and  one  of 
the  proprietors  and  editor-in-chief  of  the 
Harrisburg  Daily  Pairiot  in  1868.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  congress. 

MICHEL,  JOHN  ALFRED,  public  offi 
cial,  financier,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1836,  in 
New  Orleans,  La.  He  has  filled  numerous 
positions  of  trust  in  Brownsville,  Texas; 
has  been  county  assessor,  president  of  the 
city  council,  collector  of  taxes,  and  during 
1893-97  was  collector  of  customs  for  the 
district  of  Brazos  de  Santiago. 

MICHEL,  JOHN  T.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  in  May,  1838,  in  Jefferson,  La. 
In  1892  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Louisiana  house  of  representatives,  and  in 
1896  he  was  secretary  of  state  of  Louisi 
ana. 

MICHELSON,  ALBERT  ABRAHAM, 
physicist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1852, 
in  Poland.  His  researches  at  the  United 
States  naval  academy  during  1878-80  re 
sulted  in  his  experimental  determination 
of  the  velocity  of  light  as  186,305  miles  a 
second. 

MICHIE,  PETER  SMITH,  engineer,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  March  24,  1839, 
in  Scotland.  He  is  a  military  engineer, 
professor  of  mathematics  at  West  Point 
since  1871,  and  the  author  of  Wave  Mo 
tion  Relating  to  Sound  and  Light;  Life 
of  General  Upton;  Analytical  Mechanics; 
Hydromechanics;  and  Practical  Astron 
omy. 

MIDDLESWARTH,  NER,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  about  1780  in 
New  Jersey.  On  moving  to  Pennsylvania 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  and 
made  speaker.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1853  to  1855.  He  died  June  2,  1865, 
in  Beavertown,  Pa. 

MIDDLETON,  ARTHUR,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
June  26,  1742,  in  Middleton  Place,  S.  C. 
He  was  the  author  of  the  first  draft  of 
the  South  Carolina  state  constitution.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1776  to  1778,  and  again  from  1781 
to  1783,  and  signed  the  declaration  of  in 
dependence.  He  served  frequently  in  the 
state  legislature.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1787, 
in  Goose  Creek,  S.  C. 

MIDDLETON,  EDWARD,  naval  officer. 
He  entered  the  United  States  navy  in 
1828,  and  in  1876  was  made  rear-admiral. 
He  died  April  27,  1883,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

MIDDLETON,  GEORGE,  state  legislat 
or,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1811, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  twice  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature  of  New  Jersey,  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

MIDDLETON,  HENRY,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1717  in  South  Carolina.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  South  Carolina  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1774  to  1776, 
and  was  the  second  member  called  to 
officiate  as  president  of  that  body.  He 
died  June  13,  1784,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

MIDDLETON,  HENRY,  state  legislator, 
state  senator,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  in  1771  in  Middleton  Place,  S.  C.  He 
was  chosen  a  representative  in  the  South 
Carolina  state  legislature  in  1801,  and 
then  state  senator  until  elected  governor 
in  1810.  From  1815  to  1819  he  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress,  and  in  1820  was 
appointed  minister  to  Russia,  which  posi 
tion  he  filled  for  many  years.  He  died 
June  14,  1846,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 


656 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MIDDLETON,  HENRY,  author,  was 
born  March  16,  1797,  in  France.  He  was 
a  prominent  writer  of  Charleston,  and 
the  author  of  Prospects  of  Disunion;  The 
Government  and  the  Currency;  Economi 
cal  Causes  of  Slavery  in  the  United  States, 
and  Obstacles  to  Its  Abolition;  The  Gov 
ernment  of  India;  and  Universal  Suffrage. 
He  died  March  15,  1878,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

MIDDLETON,  JOHN  IZARD,  author, 
was  born  in  1785  in  Middleton  Place,  S. 
C.  His  work  on  Grecian  Remains  in 
Italy,  etc.,  was  the  first  contribution  made 
by  an  American  to  the  knowledge  of  clas 
sical  antiquity.  He  died  in  November, 
1849,  in  France. 

MIDDLETON,  JOHN  IZARD,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1800,  in  Middle- 
ton  Place,  S.  C.  He  became  a  large  rice 
planter  in  Prince  George,  S.  C.,  represent 
ing  that  parish  in  the  state  legislature 
from  1832  till  1840,  and  in  1848  was  speak 
er  of  the  house.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1877,  in 
Summerville,  S.  C. 

MIEGE,  JOHN  BAPTIST,  bishop,  was 
born  Sept.  18,  1815,  in  Savoy.  In  1851  he 
was  consecrated  bishop  of  Messena;  and 
shortly  afterward  built  an  industrial 
school  for  the  Osages.  In  1877  he  founded 
a  college  in  Detroit,  Mich.  He  died  July 
20,  1884,  in  Woodstock,  Md. 

MIELZINER,  MOSES,  rabbi,  author, 
was  born  in  1828  in  Germany.  In  1879  he 
was  elected  professor  of  the  Talmud  and 
the  rabbinical  disciplines  of  the  Hebrew 
Union  college  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  has 
also  published  a  number  of  sermons,  lec 
tures,  and  scholarly  articles  in  German, 
Danish  and  English,  and  some  occasional 
poems  in  classical  Hebrew. 

MIERS,  ROBERT  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  27,  1848,  in  Decatur  county,  Ind.  He 
is  a  graduate  of  both 
I  the  literary  and  the 
I  law  departments  of 
|  Indiana  university, 
I  and  commenced  the 
|  practice  of  law  at 
Bloomington,  Ind., 
in  April,  1872.  He 
was  elected  prosecut 
ing  attorney  for  the 
tenth  judicial  circuit 
of  Indiana  in  1875, 
and  re-elected  in 
1877.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  house  of  representatives  of  the 
Indiana  legislature  in  1879,  and  was  a 
trustee  of  the  Indiana  university  from 
1881  to  1893.  He  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  tenth  judicial  circuit  of  Indiana  in 
1883  to  fill  an  unexpired  term,  and  was 
elected  judge  of  the  same  circuit  in  1890 
and  served  as  judge  until  1896.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

MIFFLIN,  THOMAS,  soldier,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
in  1744  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1772  he 
was  a  representative 
from  Philadelphia  in 
the  provincial  as 
sembly,  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress 
from  Pennsylvania 
from  1774  to  1776.  He 
distinguished  him 
self  as  major  in  the 
army  at  the  battle  of 
Lexington,  and  In 
1777  attained  the 
rank  of  major-gen 
eral.  In  1782  he  was  again  sent  as  a  del 
egate  to  the  continental  congress,  serving 
until  1783,  and  was  president  of  that  body. 
In  1785  he  was  speaker  of  the  state  legis 


lature,  and  in  1787  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  which  framed  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States,  and  signed  that  in 
strument.  In  1788  he  was  made  president 
of  the  supreme  executive  council.  In  1790 
he  was  a  member  of  the  convention  for 
framing  the  state  constitution  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  was  chosen  first  governor,  and 
served  nine  years,  and  was  again  sent  to 
the  legislature.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1800,  in 
Lancaster,  Pa. 

MIFFLIN,  WARNER,  reformer,  was 
born  Oct.  21,  1745,  in  Accomac  county, 
Va.  His  efforts  to  bring  about  emanci 
pation  of  slaves  were  untiring.  He  died 
Oct.  16,  1798,  in  Camden,  Del. 

MIGNOT,  LOUIS  REMY,  painter,  was 
born  in  1831  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  Among 
his  earlier  pictures  are  Twilight  in  the 
Tropics;  Southern  Harvest;  Tropical 
Scenery;  and  Source  of  the  Susquehanna, 
which  was  exhibited  at  the  Paris  exposi 
tion  of  1867.  He  also  painted  Niagara, 
a  view  from  the  American  side.  He  ex 
hibited  at  the  Royal  academy  in  Lon 
don,  Lagoon  of  Guayaquil,  South  America; 
and  A  Winter  Morning,  in  1863;  Evening 
in  the  Tropics,  in  1865;  and  Under  the 
Equator,  in  1866.  He  died  in  September, 
1870,  in  England. 

MILAM,  JOHN  HENRY,  lawyer,  was 
born  Dec.  5,  1865,  in  Warren  county,  N. 
C.  He  attended  the  Oakville  academy 
and  the  university  of  North  Carolina,  and 
is  now  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the 
south,  at  Warrenton,  N.  C. 

MILBURN,  WILLIAM  E.  F.,  soldier,  ed 
ucator,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Nov. 
15,  1842,  in  Milburnton,  Tenn.  In  1871  he 
graduated  from  the  Grant  university,  and 
in  1874  from  the  university  of  Michigan, 
with  the  degree  of  A.  M.  During  the  war 
he  served  in  the  United  States  army  as 
first  sergeant  and  first  lieutenant  in  com 
pany  B,  twelfth  regiment  Tennessee  vol 
unteer  cavalry,  and  was  in  twenty-seven 
engagements.  During  1871-73  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  in  the  Grant  uni 
versity;  has  been  a  member  of  the  board 
of  education  of  Greeneville,  Tenn.;  a  di 
rector  in  the  Greene  County  bank,  and 
commander  of  the  department  of  Tennes 
see,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  For 
four  years  he  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Tennessee  state  legislat 
ure,  and  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of 
the  south. 

MILBURN,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1823,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  methodist  cler 
gyman,  famous  as 
the  blind  preacher, 
who  has  been  six 
times  chaplain  of  the 
United  States  house 
of  representatives; 
and  the  author  of 
Rifle,  Axe,  and  Sad 
dle  Bags;  Ten  Years 
of  Preacher  Life; 
and  Pioneers  and 
People  of  the  Missis 
sippi  Valley.  He  has 
also  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  current  and  religious  publica 
tions  of  the  United  States. 

MILES,  FREDERICK,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  19, 
1815,  in  Goshen,  Conn.  He  was  elected  a 
state  senator  for  a  term  of  two  years, 
resigned  in  1879,  having  been  elected  a 
representative  from  Connecticut  to  the 
forty-sixth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-seventh  congress;  declined  a  re- 
nomination;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

MILES,  GEORGE  HENRY,  lawyer,  ed 
ucator,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  31, 
1824,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  Mary 


land  lawyer  and  educator,  and  professor 
of  English  literature  at  Mount  St.  Mary's 
college,  Emmettsburg,  Md.  Besides  his 
dramas,  Cromwell;  Mahomet;  De  Soto,  he 
published  Christine,  and  Other  Poems;  Abu 
Hassan  the  Wag,  or  the  Sleeper  Awak 
ened;  A  Review  of  Hamlet;  and  The 
Truce  of  God.  He  died  July  23,  1871,  in 
Emmettsburg,  Md. 

MILES,   GEORGE   WASHINGTON,  ed 
ucator,  scientist,  was  born  May  14,  1859,  in 
Fort  Adams,  Miss.    He  graduated  from  the 
_  State    university    of 

Missouri  with  the 
degree  of  M.  S.  He 
has  attained  success 
in  educational  work; 
has  been  superin 
tendent  of  schools; 
and  is  now  professor 
of  geology,  mineral 
ogy  and  astronomy 
in  the  New  Mexico 
college  of  agriculture 
and  mechanic  arts  of 
Mesilla  Park,  N.  M. 
He  has  accomplished  considerable  original 
work  in  astronomy  and  geology,  and  re 
ceived  the  astronomical  medal  when  he 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  at 
the  Missouri  State  university  in  1884.  He 
has  since  contributed  many  valuable  arti 
cles  to  scientific  papers,  and  is  a  member 
of  various  scientific  associations. 

MILES,  HENRY  ADOLPHUS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  May  30,  1809,  in 
Grafton,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman  of  eastern  Massachusetts,  and  the 
author  of  Lowell  as  It  Was  and  Is;  Grains 
of  Gold;  Gospel  Narratives;  Words  of  a 
Friend;  Modern  Ideas  of  the  Birth  of 
Jesus;  and  Traces  of  Picture  Writing  in 
the  Bible.  He  died  in  1895. 

MILES,  JAMES  WARLEY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1818,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  Charleston,  and  the  author  of 
Philosophic  Theology,  or  Ultimate 
Grounds  of  all  Religious  Belief  Based  on 
Reason.  He  died  in  August,  1875,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

MILES,  JOSHUA  WELDON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1858,  in 
Somerset  county,  Md.  He  was  elected 
state's  attorney  of  Somerset  county,  Md., 
in  1883,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MILES,  NELSON  APPLETON,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1839,  in  West 
minster,  Mass.     He  is  a  noted  soldier  of 
the     United     States 
army  who  served  as 
a      brigadier-general 
of  volunteers  during 
the    civil    war.      He 
became  a  major-gen 
eral  in  1890.    He  has 
successfully  conduct 
ed  Indian  campaigns, 
and    has    on    several 
occasions     prevented 
Indian    wars    by    ju 
dicious   and  humane 
settlement  of  difficul 
ties  without  the  use  of  military  power.   He 
is  now  commander-in-chief  of  the  United 
States  army.    He  is  the  author  of  Personal 
Recollections. 

MILES,  PLINY,  traveler,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  16,  1818,  in  Watertown,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  traveler  who  made  his  home  in 
London  in  his  later  years,  and  the  author 
of  Statistical  Register;  Elements  of  Mne- 
motechny,  or  Art  of  Memory;  Northu- 
fari,  or  Rambles  in  Iceland;  Ocean  Steam 
Navigation;  and  Postal  Reform.  He  died 
April  7,  1865,  on  the  Island  of  Malt. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    CF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


657 


MILES,  RICHARD  PIUS,  Roman  cath 
olic  bishop,  was  born  May  17,  1791,  in 
Prince  George  county,  Md.  In  1837  the 
see  of  Nashville,  embracing  the  state  of 
Tennessee,  was  created,  and  in  1838  he 
was  consecrated  its  first  bishop.  He  died 
Feb.  17,  1860,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

MILES,  THADDEUS  WHITE,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1874,  in  Carth 
age,  Mo.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Friends'  Polytechnic  institute  and  the 
Capital  Business  college  of  Salem,  Ore. 
He  has  taught  in  the  commercial  and 
shorthand  departments  of  the  Southern 
Oregon  State  Normal  school,  and  is  now 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law. 

MILES,  WILLIAM  PORCHER,  educa 
tor,  soldier,  congressman,  was  born  July 
4,  1828,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  for 
several  years  assistant  professor  of  math 
ematics  in  Charleston  college.  He  was 
mayor  of  Charleston  in  1856  and  1857.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  South 
Carolina  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress,  and 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  seceding  convention  in  1860;  and 
resigned  his  seat  in  congress.  He  served 
as  a  colonel  in  the  confederate  army  and 
as  a  member  of  the  confederate  congress. 

MILEY,  JOHN,  clergyman,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1813  in  Ohio.  He 
was  a  methodist  minister  and  educator; 
and  professor  of  systematic  theology  in 
Drew  seminary,  Madison,  N.  J.,  since  1873. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Atonement  in 
Christ;  and  Systematic  Theology.  He 
died  in  1895. 

MILHAN,  JOHN  J.  DE,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1828,  in  France. 
He  served  through  the  civil  war  and  for 
meritorious  services  received  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general. 

MILLAR,  A.  B.,  educator,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1829,  in  Browns 
ville,  Pa.  In  1853  he  graduated  from  the 
Waynesburg  college;  and  for  forty  years 
has  been  its  president. 

MILLAR,  ALEXANDER  COPELAND, 
educator,  clergyman,  state  legislator,  was 
born  May  17,  1861,  in  McKeesport,  Pa.  He 
has  served  as  a  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature;  and  is  now  the  president  of  Hen- 
dricks  college  of  Conway,  Ark. 

MILLARD,  DAVID,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1794,  in 
Ballston,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  minister  of  the 
Christian  denomination,  professor  at 
Meadville  seminary,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1845-67;  and  the  author  of  The  True  Mes 
siah  Exalted;  and  Journal  of  Travels  in 
Egypt.  He  died  Aug.  3,  1873,  in  Jackson, 
Mich. 

MILLARD,  DAVID  E.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  16,  1829,  in  West 
Bloomfield,  N.  Y.  In  1852  he  graduated 
from  the  Meadville  Theological  seminary 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  has  filled  pastorates 
in  his  native  city,  in  New  Bedford,  Mass., 
Jackson,  Marshall,  and  Belding,  Mich.; 
and  has  been  president  of  the  Michigan 
Christian  conference.  During  the  war  Mr. 
Millard  and  his  wife  were  united  in  the 
military  agency  under  the  appointment  of 
the  governor  of  Michigan,  with  headquar 
ters  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  did  most 
efficient  service.  He  is  the  author  of  nu 
merous  religious  and  secular  articles,  and 
a  poet  of  rare  ability. 

MILLARD,  H.  HIRST,  clergyman,  was 
born  Jan.  20,  1857,  in  Arcola,  Va.  He  at 
tended  Mount  Vernon  college  and  the 
Drew  Theological  seminary,  receiving  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  He  is  one  of  the  most 
eloquent  and  popular  clergymen  of  the 

42 


north  Nebraska  conference;  and  is  now 
pastor  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church 
of  Wayne,  Neb. 

MILLARD,  HARRISON,  soldier,  musi 
cian,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1829,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  His  best-known  songs  are 
Waiting;  When  the  Tide  Comes  In;  Vi 
va  L'America;  Under  the  Daisies;  and 
Say  not  Farewell. 

MILLARD,  STEPHEN  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1841,  in  Stan 
ford,  Vt.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  from  New  York;  and  re 
ceived  the  re-election  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress. 

MILLEDGE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
governor,  was  born  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He 
sened  in  the  Georgia  legislature;  in  1780 
was  appointed  attorney-general  of  the 
state,  and  governor  in  1802.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1792  to 
1802,  excepting  one  term;  and  a  senator 
of  the  United  States  from  1806  to  1809. 
He  was  the  principal  founder  of  the  uni 
versity  of  Georgia,  and  presented  the  land 
which  forms  its  site.  He  died  Feb.  9,  1818, 
in  Sand  Hills. 

MILLEDOLER,  PHILIP,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1775,  in  Rhine- 
beck,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  several  years  pres 
ident  of  Rutgers  col 
lege,  New  Jersey; 
and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the 
American  Bible  so 
ciety.  In  1800  he 
moved  to  Philadel 
phia;  was  settled 
over  the  Third  Pres 
byterian  church;  and 
in  1804  became  pas 
tor  of  the  Collegiate 
Presbyterian  church 
es  in  New  York  city, 
with  special  care  of  the  Rutgers  Street 
church  in  1805.  His  publications  include 
many  sermons  and  addresses.  He  died 
Sept.  23,  1852,  on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

MILLEN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  1804,  in 
Savannah,  Ga.  He  served  in  the  legisla 
ture  of  Georgia.  He  was  elected  from 
Georgia  to  the  national  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  the  twenty-eighth  congress. 
He  died  Oct.  15,  1843,  near  Savannah,  Ga. 

MILLEN,  LORING  R.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1857,  in  Savannah, 
Ga.  Since  1888  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Millen  and  Southern  railway. 

MILLER,  A.  C.,  physician,  lecturer, 
was  born  Sept.  7,  1832,  in  Salt  Creek, 
Ohio.  During  the  entire  civil  war  he 
served  as  surgeon.  In  1875  he  settled  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  took  a  leading  part 
in  the  reorganization  of  the  faculty  of  the 
medical  department  of  the  Wooster  uni 
versity.  He  died  June  21,  1886. 

MILLER,  A.  C.,  educator,  college  presi 
dent.  In  1887  he  was  called  to  the  presi 
dency  of  Hendrix  college,  which  was  then 
called  the  Central  Collegiate  institute, 
which  office  he  still  holds. 

MILLER,  ADALINE  DICKMAN,  educa 
tor,  editor,  was  born  July  26,  1859,  in 
West  Union,  Iowa.  She  received  the  de 
gree  of  B.  S.  from  the  Western  college  of 
Toledo,  Iowa;  and  received  the  degree  of 
M.  S.  from  the  same  institution  three 
years  later.  She  has  filled  the  chair  of 
history  and  literature,  and  also  ancient 
languages,  in  the  Avalon  college,  Mo.  She 
has  also  taught  German  in  various  insti 
tutions.  She  has  contributed  extensively 
to  current  literature;  and  has  been  the 
editor  of  various  publications. 


MILLER,  ANDREW  G.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  Wisconsin;  and  was 
one  of  the  earliest  territorial  judges. 
About  the  year  1849  he  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  district  of 
Wisconsin,  residing  at  Milwaukee. 

MILLER,  MRS.  ANNIE  [JENNESS], 
publisher,  author,  was  born  in  1859  in 
New  Hampshire.  She  is  a  dress  reformer 
of  New  York  city,  publisher  of  The  Jen- 
ness  Miller  Magazine;  and  the  author  of 
Physical  Beauty;  Mother  and  Babe;  and 
Barbara  Thayer,  a  novel. 

MILLER,  CHARLES  HENRY,  artist, 
author,  was  born  March  20,  1842,  in  New 
York  city.  This  well-known  landscape 
painter  was  called  by  Bayard  Taylor  the 
artistic  discoverer  of  the  little  continent 
of  Long  Island.  He  is  president  of  the 
Art  club  of  New  York,  and  other  societies. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Philosophy  of  Art 
in  America. 

MILLER,  CHARLES  RANSOM,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1849,  in  Hanover, 
N.  H.  In  1872  he  graduated  from  Dart 
mouth  college;  and  for  several  years  was 
associated  with  the  Springfield  Republic 
an.  Since  1879  he  has  been  connected 
with  the  New  York  Times;  after  serving 
in  various  capacities  he  became  editorial 
writer  in  1881;  and  since  1883  has  been 
editor-in-chief  of  that  publication. 

MILLER,  CINCINNATUS  HINER— 
Joaquin  Miller — author,  poet,  was  born 
Nov.  10,  1841,  in  Wabash  district,  Ind.  He 
is  a  poet  and  prose  writer  who,  after  a 
life  of  adventure  in  California,  went  to 
London  in  1870,  and  speedily  became  fa 
mous  as  the  author  of  Songs  of  the  Sier 
ras.  Since  1887  he  has  lived  in  Oakland, 
Cal.  He  is  the  author  of  Songs  of  the 
Sierras;  The  Ship  of  the  Desert;  Songs 
of  the  Sunland;  in  prose:  The  Danites 
in  the  Sierras;  Shadows  of  Shasta;  Me- 
morie  and  Rime;  '49,  or  the  Gold  Seek 
ers  of  the  Sierras;  The  One  Fair  Wo 
man;  The  Destruction  of  Gotham;  and 
The  Building  of  the  City  Beautiful,  a  po 
etic  romance. 

MILLER,  DANIEL  F.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1814,  near  Frost- 
burgh,  Md.  For  forty  years  Mr.  Miller 
was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  territorial  leg 
islature,  and  during  1850-51  was  a  member 
of  congress.  Since  1835  he  has  followed 
the  profession  of  law,  and  is  now  a  resi 
dent  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 

MILLER,  DANIEL  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1823  to  1831.  He  died  about  1880. 

MILLER,  EDMUND  BOSTON,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1853,  in  Greenville, 
S.  C.  He  attended  the  Southwestern  Bap 
tist  university  of 
Jackson,  Tenn.,  dur 
ing  1876-80;  and  the 
Southern  Baptist 
Theological  semi 
nary  of  Louisville, 
Ky.,  during  1880-83, 
and  received  the  de 
gree  of  D.  D.  During 
i,ssn-'.i;;  he  \\us  pus- 
tor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist  church  of  Gre- 
nada,  Miss.;  and 
since  1893  has  been 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Arkadelphia,  Ark.  In  1892-93  he  was  vice- 
president  of  the  home  mission  board;  in 
1895-97  was  vice-president  of  the  foreign 
mission  board;  and  since  1893  he  has  been 
financial  secretary  of  the  board  of  min 
isterial  education,  Ouachita  college. 


658 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MILLER,  EDWARD,  physician,  lectur 
er,  was  born  May  9,  1760,  in  Dover,  Del. 
He  became  resident  physician  of  New 
York  city  in  1803,  professor  of  the  prac 
tice  of  medicine  in  the  university  of  New 
York  in  1807,  and  clinical  lecturer  in  New 
York  hospital  in  1809.  He  died  March  17, 
1812,  in  New  York  city. 

MILLER,  ELEAZER  HUTCHINSON, 
artist,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1831,  in  Shep- 
herdstown,  Va.  He  has  attained  a  na 
tional  reputation  as  a  successful  artist. 
He  took  up  that  fascinating  but  difficult 
branch  of  the  fine  arts,  and  achieved  a 
marked  success. 

MILLER,  ELIHU  SPENCER,  lawyer, 
educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  3, 
1817,  in  Princeton,  N.  J.  He  was  a  law 
yer  of  Philadelphia;  professor  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania;  and  the  author  of 
Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Partition  by  Writ 
in  Pennsylvania;  and  Caprices,  a  volume 
of  verse.  He  died  March  6,  1878,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

MILLER,  MRS.  EMILY  HUNTINGTON, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1833  in 
Connecticut.  She  is  an  educator  of  Evans- 
ton,  111.,  president  of  the  Woman's  col 
lege  of  the  Northwestern  university,  and 
a  popular  writer  of  semi-religious  fiction 
for  young  people.  She  is  the  author  of 
From  Avalon,  and  Other  Poems;  The 
Royal  Road  to  Fortune;  The  Kirkwood 
Series;  Caplain  Fritz;  and  Little  Neigh 
bors. 

MILLER,  EZRA,  inventor,  jurist,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  May  12,  1812, 
in  New  Jersey.  In  1842  he  moved  to  Wis 
consin  and  settled  in  Magnolia,  where  he 
was  soon  elected  justice  of  the  peace  for 
two  terms.  In  1852  he  was  chosen  a  state 
senator  and  served  one  term,  refusing  a 
renomination. 

MILLER,  FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS, 
naval  officer,  was  born  June  12,  1842,  in 
Elkton,  Md.  In  1861  he  entered  the  navy 
as  a  volunteer  offi 
cer;  served  during 
the  civil  war;  and 
three  years  after  it 
was  transferred  to 
the  regular  service. 
In  1870  he  was  com 
missioned  a  lieuten 
ant;  was  promoted 
to  lieutenant  com 
mander  in  1882;  and 
retired  in  1885.  In 
1877  he  was  connect 
ed  with  the  bureau  of 
equipment;  during  1877-79  was  on  the 
Portsmouth,  engaged  in  special  service; 
also  on  special  service  during  1879-81  on 
the  Ticonderoga;  and  the  Colorado  in 
1881-83. 

MILLER,  GEORGE  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1809,  in  Chil- 
lisquaquo,  Pa.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
Lewlsburg  university  in  Pennsylvania.  In 
1864  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress; 
and  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  congress. 
MILLER,  GEORGE  M.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  May  21,  1872,  in  Cleversburg, 
Pa.  After  receiving  a  liberal  education 
he  entered  educational  work.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  the  periodical 
press,  and  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
meritorious  poems. 

MILLER,  MRS.  HARRIET  MANN,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1831  in  New  York.  She 
Is  a  writer  of  Brooklyn;  and  the  author 
of  a  Bird-Lover  In  the  West;  Little 
Brothers  of  the  Air;  Bird-Ways;  In  Nest 
ing  Time;  Four-Handed  Folk;  Little 
Folks  in  Feathers  and  Fur;  Nimpo's  Trou 
bles;  Queer  Pets  at  Marcy's;  Our  Home 
Pets;  and  Little  People  of  Asia. 


MILLER,  HENRY,  physician,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1800,  in  Lexing 
ton,  Ky.  He  was  professor  of  obstetrics 
and  the  diseases  of  women  and  children 
in  Louisville  university  till  1869,  when  he 
became  professor  emeritus.  He  pub 
lished  A  Treatise  on  Human  Parturition. 
He  died  Feb.  9,  1874,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

MILLER,  HENRY,  educator,  merchant, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1849,  in 
Germany.  In  1892  he  was  elected  munici 
pal  judge  of  Marathon  county,  Wis. ;  and 
two  years  later  became  county  judge.  In 
1897  he  was  again  elected  to  the  latter  of 
fice  for  term  ending  in  1902. 

MILLER,  HENRY  C.,  pioneer,  farmer, 
was  born  April  17,  1820,  in  Clermont  coun 
ty,  Ohio.  He  moved  to  Decatur  county. 
Ind.,  when  it  was  an  unbroken  forest, 
abounding  in  deer,  wolves  and  bears.  He 
helped  to  build  the  first  railroad  in  the 
state;  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace; 
has  filled  various  positions  of  trust;  and 
received  the  nomination  for  representa 
tive  in  the  Indiana  state  legislature. 

MILLER,  HERBERT  J.,  journalist, 
state  senator,  was  born  July  13,  1855,  in 
Deerfield,  Wis.  He  is  the  editor  and  own 
er  of  the  Rock  County  Herald  of  Luverne, 
Minn.  In  1894  he  was  elected  to  the  Min 
nesota  state  senate,  receiving  the  re-elec 
tion  in  1898. 

MILLER,  HOMER  VIRGIL  MILTON, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  29. 
1814,  in  Pendleton  district,  S.  C.  In  1SGS 
he  was  elected  a  United  States  senator 
from  Georgia;  and  in  1890  was  appointed 
principal  physician  of  the  penitentiary  of 
Georgia. 

MILLER,  HUGH  J.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Dec.  31.  1866,  in  Genoa,  Minn.  He 
received  a  liberal  education  in  the  publ'r; 

school;  was  engaged 

in  educational  work 
for  five  years;  and 
subsequently  gradu 
ated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan 
with  the  degree  of 
LL.  B.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as  a 
lawyer  in  Living 
ston,  Mont;  has  been 
county  attorney  of 
Park  county  during 
1891-94;  and  has  held 

various  other  public  positions  of  trust.  On 
April  19,  1897,  Gov.  Robert  B.  Smith  ap 
pointed  him  judge  advocate  of  Montana, 
with  the  rank  of  major,  on  his  official 
staff. 

MILLER,  IRVIN,  clergyman,  legislator, 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1836,  in  Lebanon,  Ky. 
In  1855  he  moved  to  Mississippi;  served  in 
the  confederate  army  in  company  K,  sec 
ond  regiment  Mississippi  cavalry,  Gen. 
Armstrong's  brigade.  In  1865  he  was  li 
censed  to  preach;  was  ordained  deacon  in 
1869;  and  elder  in  1873;  and  has  since 
attained  prominence  as  a  successful  cler 
gyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church, 
south.  In  1890  he  represented  Leake  coun 
ty  in  the  Mississippi  constitutional  con 
vention;  and  in  1896  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Mississippi  state  senate. 

MILLER,  IRVING  J.  A.,  journalist,  po 
et,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1866,  in  Worcester, 
Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  en 
titled  Fireside  Poems. 

MILLER,  J.  ALLEN,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  was  born  Aug.  2, 
1866,  in  Rossville,  Ind.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  parliament  of  religions  during  the 
Columbian  exposition.  This  popular  edu 
cator  is  the  president  of  the  Ashland  uni 
versity,  Ohio. 


many. 


MILLER,  JACOB,  soldier,  musician, 
artist,  was  born  July  24,  1833,  in  Ger- 
Early  in  life  he  took  an  active 
interest  in  revolu 
tionary  movements, 
and  in  1853  emigrat 
ed  to  the  United 
States.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served 
in  the  third  regiment 
Wisconsin  volunteer 
cavalry,  and  served 
on  detail  duty  most 
of  the  time.  Since 
1859  he  has  been 
prominently  identi 
fied  with  the  busi 
ness  and  public  affairs  of  Menomonie, 
Wis.;  has  been  treasurer  for  a  number  of 
years,  and  filled  various  other  positions 
of  trust.  He  is  a  musician  of  ability,  and 
for  many  years  taught  music  and  drawing, 
and  his  paintings  have  received  first  prem 
iums  in  numerous  art  exhibitions. 

MILLER,  JACOB  F..  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1837,  in  Claver- 
ack,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar;  and  has  practiced  his  profession 
in  the  city  of  New  York  since  that  time. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  legis 
lature  in  1883. 

MILLER,  JACOB  WELSH,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  No 
vember,  1800,  in  German  Valley,  N.  J.  He 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  New  Jer 
sey  from  3841  until  1853.  He  died  Sept. 
30,  1862,  in  Morristown,  N.  J. 

MILLER,  JAMES,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  April  25,  1776,  in  Peterborough, 
N.  H.  He  entered  the  army  in  1808  as  a 
major;  in  1812  was  brevetted  a  colonel 
for  gallantry  at  Fort  George;  and  was 
subsequently  made  a  major-general  and 
received  a  gold  medal  from  congress.  He 
was  made  governor  of  the  territory  of  Ar 
kansas,  where  he  served  until  1825;  and 
from  that  year  until  1849  was  collector  of 
customs  at  Salem,  Mass.  He  died  July  7, 
1851,  in  Temple,  N.  H. 

MILLER,  JAMES  FERGURSON,  naval 
officer,  was  born  April  29,  1805,  in  Peter 
borough,  N.  H.  He  served  through  the 
Mexican  war,  but  in  consequence  of  Af 
rican  fever,  from  which  he  never  fully  re 
covered,  was  placed  in  the  reserved  list 
in  1855.  He  became  commander  on  the 
retired  list  in  1861,  and  commodore  in 
1867.  He  died  July  11,  1868,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

MILLER,  JAMES  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1832,  In 
Tennessee.  He  never  was  a  candidate 
for  or  held  any  public  office  until  elected 
a  representative  from  Texas  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MILLER,  JAMES  RUSSELL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1840  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
Week  Day  Religion;  Home  Making;  In 
His  Steps;  Silent  Time;  Come  Ye  Apart; 
The  Marriage  Altar;  Practical  Religion; 
Bits  of  Pasture;  Making  the  Most  of  Life; 
Mary  of  Bethany;  The  Dew  of  Thy  Youth; 
and  The  Every  Day  of  Life. 

MILLER,  JESSE,  congressman,  gov 
ernor.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1836  to 
1837.  He  was  appointed  first  auditor  of 
the  treasury,  and  held  the  position  until 
1841.  He  was  canal  commissioner  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1845  and  1846;  and  was 
secretary  of  state  from  1846  to  1848,  serv 
ing  for  a  short  time  as  acting  governor  of 
the  state.  He  died  Aug.  20,  1850,  in  Har- 
risburg. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


659 


MILLER,  JOHN,  jurist,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1774,  in 
Amenia,  N.  Y.  From  1812  to  1821  he 
•was  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
in  1817,  1820  and  1845;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  nine 
teenth  congress.  He  died  in  March,  1862. 

MILLER,  JOHN,  soldier,  journalist, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1780 
in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  He  was  appointed 
register  of  the  land  office  in  Missouri.  He 
was  subsequently  elected  governor  of  the 
state,  serving  from  1826  to  1832.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Mis 
souri  from  1837  to  1843.  He  died  March 
18,  1846,  near  Florrissant,  Mo. 

MILLER,  JOHN,  soldier,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  6,  1819,  in  Princeton, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
who  was  a  colonel  in  the  confederate 
army  during  the  civil  war,  and  who  lived 
in  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  from  1871.  He 
was  tried  for  heresy,  but  allowed  to  with 
draw  from  the  presbytery,  and  subse 
quently  established  several  independent 
churches  in  the  vicinity  of  Princeton.  He 
was  the  author  of  Design  of  the  Church; 
Commentary  on  the  Proverbs;  Fetich  in 
Theology:  Metaphysics;  Are  Souls  Im 
mortal?;  Was  Christ  in  Adam?;  Is  God  a 
Creed?;  Theology;  and  Commentary  on 
Romans.  He  died  in  1895. 

MILLER,  JOHN  A.,  scientist,  inventor, 
was  born  June  17,  1840,  in  Germany.  In 
1853  he  emigrated  with  his  parents  to  the 
United  States  and  settled  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  By  trade  he  is  a  practical  watch 
maker,  and  has  attained  prominence  as  a 
scientist  and  inventor,  and  is  one  of  the 
leading  promoters  of  distributing  weather 
signals.  He  lives  in  Cairo,  111.,  and  in 
1894-95  was  grand  chancellor  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias. 

MILLER.  JOHN  F.,  merchant,  banker, 
was  born  April  9,  1836,  in  Germany.  He 
emigrated  to  America  in  1857,  and  worked 
on  the  railroads  in 
Minnesota,  and  in 
the  brickyards  of 
that  state.  Since  1880 
he  has  been  engaged 
principally  in  the 
lumber  business,  and 
is  vice-president  of 
the  Beaver  Dam 
Lumber  company  of 
Cumberland,  Wis.  In 
1883  he  established 
the  bank  of  Cumber 
land;  is  now  its  pres 
ident.  He  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  town,  and  laid  out, 
platted  and  owns  the  best  part  of  same. 

MILLER,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  soldier, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  21, 
1831,  in  South  Bend,  Ind.  He  served 
throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general  and  brevet  major-gen 
eral.  He  was  elected  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from  California  for  the  term 
of  six  years  from  1881.  He  died  March  8, 
1886,  in  Washington. 

MILLER,  JOHN  G.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1812  in  Ken 
tucky.  In  1835  he  moved  to  Missouri; 
and  in  1840  was  elected  to  the  state  legis 
lature.  From  1853  to  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Missouri.  He  died  May  11,  1856,  in 
Saline  county,  Mo. 

MILLER.  JOHN  K.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1847  to 
1851. 

MILLER,  JONATHAN  P.,  reformer, 
was  born  in  1797  in  Randolph,  Vt.  He  in 


troduced  anti-slavery  resolutions  into  the 
Vermont  legislature  in  1833.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  his  state  to  the  world's  an 
ti-slavery  convention  in  London  in  1840. 
He  died  in  1847  in  Montpelier. 

MILLER,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state  to 
the  thirty-fifth  congress.  He  was  subse 
quently  appointed  United  States  judge  for 
the  territory  of  Nebraska. 

MILLER,  JOSEPH  NELSON,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1836,  in  Ohio.  He 
entered  the  navy  in  1851,  became  past 
midshipman  in  1856,  master  in  1858,  lieu 
tenant  in  1860,  and  lieutenant-commander 
in  1872. 

MILLER,  KILLIAN,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  July  30, 
1785,  in  Claverack,  N.  Y.  In  1824  and 
1827  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
general  assembly;  in  1837  was  elected 
county  clerk,  which  office  he  held  for  three 
years;  and  in  1854  was  chosen  a  represen 
tative  in  the  thirty-fourth  congress. 

MILLER,  LEWIS,  manufacturer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1829.  In  1851 
he  went  to  Greentown  to  enter  the 
factory  of  Ball,  Ault- 
man  and  Company, 
manufacturers 
of  plows  and  mow 
ing  and  threshing 
machines.  In  the  fall 
of  the  same  year,  the 
works  were  moved  to 
Canton,  0.  He  soon 
became  superinten 
dent,  and  in  1855  he 
invented  the  Buck 
eye  mower,  and  reap 
er.  Since  then  he  has 
hundred  inventions, 
having  been  aided  in  his  early  experi 
ments  by  his  brother.  In  1863  a  new 
farm  implements  firm  was  organized  un 
der  the  name  of  Aultman,  Miller  and  Com 
pany,  which  established  factories  in  Akron 
and  Canton,  Ohio,  and  in  1864  Mr.  Miller 
moved  to  Akron. 

MILLER,  LUCAS  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1824  in  Greece.  He  moved  to  the  territory 
of  Wisconsin  and  settled  in  Oshkosh  in 
1846.  In  1853  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Wisconsin  legislature.  He  was  one  of  the 
commissioners  of  the  state  board  of  public 
works;  and  for  the  last  ten  years  has  been 
chairman  of  the  county  board  of  super 
visors  of  Winnebago  county.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

MILLER,  MADISON,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1811, 
in  Mercer,  Pa.  In  1865  he  received  the 
brevet  of  brigadier-general  for  meritorious 
service  at  Wilson's  Creek  and  Shiloh.  He 
was  in  the  Missouri  senate  in  1865,  and 
since  1867  has  been  fund  commissioner 
of  the  Missouri  railroad. 

MILLER,  MRS.  MINNIE  [WILLIS] 
[BAINES],  author,  was  born  in  1845  in 
New  Hampshire.  She  is  a  religious 
writer  of  Springfield,  Ohio;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Silent  Land;  His  Cousin,  the 
Doctor;  and  The  Pilgrim  Vision. 

MILLER,  MORRIS  SMITH,  soldier, 
was  born  April  2,  1814,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  He 
served  during  the  Canada  border  disturb 
ances,  was  in  the  Florida  and  Mexican 
wars,  and '  in  1861,  as  quartermaster  at 
Washington,  D.  C.,  was  responsible  for 
all  the  arrangements  for  the  arrival  of 
troops  to  defend  the  capital.  He  died 
March  11,  1870,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 


patented    about    a 


MILLER,  MORRIS  S.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1769.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1813  to  1815.  In  1819  he  was 
appointed  a  commissioner  to  superintend 
a  treaty  with  the  Seneca  Indians;  and 
was  also  judge  of  a  county  court.  He 
died  Nov.  15,  1824,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

MILLER,  NATHAN,  congressman,  was 
born  about  1750  in  Rhode  Island.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  Rhode  Island  in  1785  and  1786.  He 
died  in  1787  in  Rhode  Island. 

MILLER,  ORRIN  L.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1856,  in 
Newburg,  Maine.  In  1887  he  was  ap 
pointed  district  judge  for  the  twenty-ninth 
judicial  district  of  Kansas;  and  in  No 
vember  of  the  same  year  was  elected  to 
that  office  for  four  years.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

MILLER.  PLEASANT  M.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1809  to  1811. 

MILLER,  RICHARD  THOMPSON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1845,  in 
Cape  May  City,  N.  J.  He  received  his 
education  at  Potts- 
town,  Pa.,  and  at 
Easton,  Conn.;  and 
subsequently  re 
ceived  instruction  at 
the  West  Jersey  acad 
emy  of  Bridgeton,  N. 
J.,  and  from  private 
tutors.  He  soon  ac 
quired  prominence  as 
an  able  lawyer;  was 
elected  city  solicitor 
of  Cape  May  City,  and 
prosecutor  of  pleas 

for  Cape  May  county.  He  has  served  with 
distinction  as  district  judge  of  Camden 
City;  law  judge  of  Camden  county;  and 
is  now  circuit  court  judge  of  New  Jer 
sey.  He  is  prominent  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  state;  and  ranks  high  in  sev 
eral  fraternal  orders. 

MILLER,  ROSWELL.  railroad  presi 
dent.  Since  1890  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
railroad. 

MILLER,  RUFUS  W.,  clergyman,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1862,  in 
Easton,  Pa.  He  was  the  founder  of  the 
Brotherhood  of  Andrew  and  Philip;  is  the 
editor  of  The  Brotherhood  Star,  in  Read 
ing,  Pa.;  and  the  author  of  What  a  Young 
Boy  Ought  to  Know. 

MILLER,  RUTGER  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  that  state  to  the  twenty- 
fourth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

MILLER,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  31,  1769,  in  Dover,  Del.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman,  pastor  of 
the  Brick  church,  New  York  city,  in  1793- 
1813,  and  professor  of  ecclesiastical  his 
tory  at  Princeton  Theological  seminary 
for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  was  the 
author  of  Presbyterianism  the  Truly 
Primitive  and  Apostolic  Constitution  of 
the  Church  of  Christ;  Letters  on  Clerical 
Habits  and  Manners;  Letters  on  Unitar 
ians;  Life  of  Jonathan  Edwards;  Letters 
on  the  Christian  Ministry;  and  Letters  on 
Church  Government.  He  died  Jan.  7,  1850, 
in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

MILLER,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1816,  in  Prince 
ton,  N.  J.  He  was  principal  of  the  West 
Jersey  collegiate  institute  in  1845-57,  and 
from  1857  till  1873  was  in  charge  of  the 
church  in  Oceanic,  N.  J.  He  published 
Report  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  Case. 
He  died  Oct.  12,  1883,  in  Mount  Holly. 
N.  J. 


660 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MILLER,  SAMUEL  F.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  May  27,  1827,  in 
Franklin,  N.  Y.  In  1854  he  was  elected  to 
the  New  York  legislature;  and  in  1850  and 
1857  was  supervisor  of  Franklin.  He  was 
for  fifteen  years  identified  as  colonel  with 
the  state  militia.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

MILLER,  SAMUEL  FREEMAN,  physi 
cian,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
April  5,  1816,  in  Richmond,  Ky.  He  set 
tled  in  Iowa  and  became  one  of  the  lead 
ers  of  the  republican  party  in  that  state. 
In  1862  he  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States,  a  series  of  biographies; 
and  Reports  of  Supreme  Court  Decisions. 
He  died  Oct.  12,  1890,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MILLER,  SAMUEL  H.,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  April  19,  1840, 
in  Mercer  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

MILLER,  SMITH,  agriculturist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
North  Carolina.  He  was  a  member  of  both 
branches  of  the  legislature  of  Indiana; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1853  to  1855. 

MILLER,  SOLOMON,  journalist,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1831,  near  Lafayette, 
Ind.  He  commenced  life  as  a  printer,  and 
became  founder  of  the  Troy  (Kas.)  Chief 
in  1857.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Kansas 
legislature  in  1862,  and  state  senator  for 
four  terms.  This  veteran  editor  still  con 
tinues  his  editorial  work. 

MILLER  STEPHEN,  governor,  was 
born  Jan.  7,  1816,  in  Perry  county,  Pa. 
He  was  governor  of  Minnesota  from  1863 
to  1866.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1881,  in  Worth- 
ington,  Minn. 

MILLER,  STEPHEN  DECATUR,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  governor,  was 
born  in  May,  1787.  in  Waxsaw  settlement, 
S.  C.  He  served  in  the  South  Carolina 
senate  in  1822;  represented  his  native 
state  in  the  lower  house  of  congress  from 
1814  to  1819;  and  was  governor  of  South 
Carolina  from  1828  to  1830.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  senator  in  congress  for  the  term 
from  1831  to  1837,  but  resigned  on  account 
of  his  health  at  the  end  of  two  years.  He 
died  March  8,  1838,  in  Raymond,  Miss. 

MILLER,  STEPHEN  FRANKS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  about  1810  in  North 
Carolina.  He  was  a  once  noted  Georgia 
lawyer;  and  the  author  of  Bench  and  Bar 
of  Georgia;  Wilkins  Wylder,  or  the  Suc 
cessful  Man;  and  Memoir  of  General 
Blackshear  and  the  War  in  Georgia.  He 
died  in  1867  in  Oglethorpe,  Ga. 

MILLER,  STERLING  JACKSON,  edu 
cator,  public  official,  clergyman,  was  born 
June  1,  1868,  near  Spencer,  W.  Va.  He  at 
tended  the  West  Virginia  Conference 
seminary;  Marshall  college;  the  West 
Virginia  university;  and  the  Franklin  col 
lege  of  Ohio,  from  which  latter  institu 
tion  he  received  the  degree  of  Ph.  B.  He 
taught  school  for  several  years;  then  en 
tered  mercantile  business;  and  has  filled 
various  public  positions  of  trust.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  West  Virginia  conference 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church;  has 
filled  several  pastorates;  and  is  now  filling 
a  pastorate  in  Morgantown,  W.  Va. 

MILLER,  THEODORE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  May,  1816,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y. 
He  was  made  associate  justice  of  the  court 
of  appeals  of  New  York  in  1874  and  held 
office  till  1886,  when  he  was  retired  on 
account  of  age. 


MILLER,  THOMAS  E.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  17,  1849,  in  Ferrybeeville,  S.  C. 
He  was  elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the 
South  Carolina  legislature  in  1874,  1876  and 
1878,  and  to  the  state  senate  in  1880.  He  was 
returned  to  the  lower  house  in  1886;  and 
in  1878  he  was  nominated  by  his  party  for 
lieutenant-governor  of  South  Carolina.  He 
was  nominated  by  the  republicans  in  1888 
and  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress,  but 
was  counted  out  by  the  democratic  return 
ing  boards. 

MILLER,  THOMAS  J.,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1857,  in 
North  Annville,  Pa.  For  many  years  he 
has  been  a  successful  manufacturer  of 
cigars  in  Olympia,  Wash.,  where  he  also 
owns  an  extensive  prune  orchard.  In 
1896  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Washington  state  senate. 

MILLER,  WARNER,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  United 
Statessenator,  was  born  Aug.  12, 1838,  in  Os- 
wego  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  New  York  state  legis 
lature  in  1874  and  1875.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses; 
and  elected  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  New  York  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  1881. 

MILLER,  WARREN,  jurist,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  April  2,  1847, 
in  Meigs  county,  Ohio.  He  served  as  as 
sistant  prosecuting  attorney  for  Jackson 
county,  W.  Va.,  one  term  and  as  prose 
cuting  attorney  eight  years  from  1881.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia  legis 
lature  in  1890-91.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

MILLER,  WILLIAM,  state  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  in  Warren  county,  N. 
C.  From  1810  to  1814  he  served  in  the 
North  Carolina  legislature  and  was  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  from  1814  to  1817. 

MILLER,  WILLIAM,  founder  of  the 
sect  of  Millerites,  was  born  April  24,  1781, 
in  Pittsfield,  Mass.  In  1833  he  began  to 
predict  that  the  end  of  the  world  would 
come  in  1843,  when  the  faithful  would  be 
translated.  His  followers,  who  are  said 
to  have  numbered  nearly  fifty  thousand, 
greatly  decreased  after  his  death.  He  died 
Dec.  20,  1849,  in  Low  Hampton,  N.  Y. 

MILLER,  WILLIAM  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  29,  1828,  in  Perry  county, 
Pa.  He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-eighth  con 
gress. 

MILLER,  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRI 
SON,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  6, 
1840,  in  Augusta,  N.  Y.  He  is  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  Indiana  at  Indian 
apolis;  and  has  been  attorney-general  of 
the  United  States. 

MILLER,  WILLIAM  R.,  lawyer,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1823,  near  Bates- 
ville,  Ark.  In  1857  he  removed  to  Little 
Rock,  Ark.;  and  served  as  auditor,  by  re- 
elections,  until  1865.  In  1866  he  was  again 
elected  auditor.  He  returned  to  Bates- 
ville  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession;  and  in  1874  was  again  elected 
auditor  of  the  state,  serving  until  1877. 
In  1876.  he  was  elected  governor  of  Arkan 
sas;  and  was  re-elected  in  1878,  serving 
until  1881.  In  1874  he  again  took  up  his 
residence  in  Little  Rock;  was  deputy  state 
treasurer  in  1881  and  1882;  and  in  1886 
was  again  elected  state  auditor. 

MILLER,  WILLIAM  S.,  Congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  from  congress 
from  New  York  from  1845  to  1847.  He  died 
Nov.  9,  1854,  in  New  York  city. 

MILLET,  FRANCIS  DAVIS,  artist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1846,  in  Mattapois- 


ett,  Mass.  He  is  an  artist  and  author  of 
New  York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  A 
Capillary  Crime,  and  Other  Stories;  and 
The  Danube  from  the  Black  Forest  to  the 
Black  Sea. 

MILLHOLLAND,  JAMES  A.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1842,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.  Since  1893  he  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  George's  Creek  and  Cumber 
land  railroad  at  Cumberland,  Md. 

MILLIGAN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1795,  in  Cecil 
county,  Md.  In  1830  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  house  of  representatives  in 
congress  from  Delaware,  and  served  from 
1831  to  1839.  In  1839  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  the  state  of 
Delaware. 

MILLIGAN,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
July  25,  1814,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  Camp- 
bellite  clergyman  and  educator;  and  pres 
ident  of  Kentucky  university  in  1859-66. 
He  was  the  author  of  Brief  Treatise  on 
Prayer;  Reason  and  Revelation;  Scheme 
of  Redemption;  The  Great  Commission; 
and  Analysis  of  the  New  Testament  Com 
mentary  on  Hebrews.  He  died  March  20, 
1875,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 

MILLIGAN,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  a  citizen  of  Tennessee,  from  which 
state  he  was  appointed  an  associate  justice 
of  the  United  States  court  for  the  territory 
of  Nebraska,  residing  at  Dakota  City. 

MILLIGAN,  WILLIAM  McKINDREE, 
lawyer  legislator,  was  born  March  13, 
1851,  in  Bedford.  Ind.  He  attended  the 
DePauw  university  of  Indiana,  then 
known  as  the  Asbury  university.  He 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Kansas  state  legislature;  has  been 
county  attorney;  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
lawyers  of  Kansas,  at  Pittsburg. 

MILLIKEN,  SETH  L.,  lawyer,  congress 
man  was  born  Dec.  12,  1831,  in  Montville, 
Maine.  In  1856  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Maine  legislature,  and 
was  re-elected  the  following  year.  He 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Belfast, 
Maine;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Maine  to  the  forty-eighth,  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty- 
third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

MILLIKIN,  CHARLES  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1827,  in 
Graves  county,  Ky.  He  was  attorney  of 
Simpson  county,  Ky.,  five  years;  was  ap 
pointed  in  1867  attorney  for  the  fourth 
judicial  district  of  Kentucky  to  fill  a  va 
cancy;  and  elected  the  following  August 
to  serve  out  the  unexpired  term,  and  re- 
elected  in  1868  for  a  full  term  of  six  years. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and 
forty-fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

MILLS,  ABRAHAM,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1769  in  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  popular  educator  of  New  York 
city  who,  besides  editing  a  number  of 
text-books,  was  author  of  Literature  and 
Literary  Men  of  Great  Britain  and  Ire 
land;  Outlines  of  Rhetoric;  Poets  and  Po 
etry  of  the  Ancient  Greeks;  and  Com- 
pendiumof  the  History  of  the  Ancient  He 
brews.  He  died  July  8,  1867,  in  New  York. 

MILLS.  CALEB,  educator,  was  born 
July  29,  1806,  in  Dunbarton,  N.  H.  He  was 
the  second  state  superintendent  of  In 
diana,  and  father  of  the  free  schools  of 
Indiana.  He  was  noted  throughout  the 
state  as  a  lecturer.  One  of  his  most  pop 
ular  lectures  was  entitled  Suggestions  to 
Youth  on  the  Right  Formation  of  Char 
acter.  Ou  retiring  from  the  state  super- 
intendency  he  resumed  the  chair  of 
Greek  in  the  Wabash  college,  and  contin 
ued  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Oct. 
17,  1879. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


661 


MILLS,  CHARLES  A.,  educator,  author. 
After  receiving  his  education  he  began 
educational  work.  He  is  also  a  constant 
contributor  to  current  literature. 

MILLS,  CHARLES  K.,  physician,  spe 
cialist,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1845,  near  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  graduated  in  medicine 
from  the  medical  department  of  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania;  and  was  profes 
sor  of  mental  diseases  and  of  medical  jur 
isprudence  in  that  institution.  He  has 
been  professor  of  diseases  of  the  nervous 
system  in  the  Philadelphia  Polytechnic 
and  the  Woman's  Medical  college  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  American  Neurological  association, 
and  is  a  prominent  member  of  various 
medical  societies. 

MILLS,  CLARK,  sculptor,  was  born 
Dec.  1,  1815,  in  Onondaga  county,  N.  Y. 
He  was  the  designer  of  the  equestrian 
statue  of  Gen.  Jackson  in  Lafayette 
square,  Washington,  D.  C.  The  equestrian 
statue  of  Washington  in  Washington 
circle  of  the  same  city  is  also  his  work. 
The  colossal  statue  of  Freedom,  eighteen 
feet  high  and  weighing  fifteen  tons, 
crowning  the  dome  of  the  national  capitol, 
though  designed  by  Crawford,  was  cast  in 
bronze  by  Mr.  Mills,  at  Bladensburg.  He 
died  Jan.  12,  1883,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MILLS,  DANIEL  W.,  soldier,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1838,  near 
Waynesville,  Ohio.  From  1877  to  1881 
he  served  as  warden  of  the  Cook  County 
hospital,  Chicago,  111.;  and  was  twice 
elected  alderman  of  his  ward.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

MILLS,  ELIJAH  HUNT,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Dec.  1,  1776,  in  Chesterfield,  Mass. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1815  to  1819;  and  a 
senator  in  congress  from  1820  to  1827.  He 
died  May  5,  1829,  in  Northampton. 

MILLS,  FREDERICK  JOHN,  civil  en 
gineer,  legislator,  lieutenant-governor, 
was  born  in  1865  in  Vermont.  Since  1895 
he  has  been  state  engineer  of  Idaho.  In 
1893  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Idaho 
legislature;  and  in  1896  was  elected  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Idaho. 

MILLS,  HENRY  EDMUND,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  24,  1850,  in  Mont- 
rose,  Pa.  He  has  attained  prominence  as 
a  successful  lawyer  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Laws  of 
Eminent  Domain. 

MILLS,  J.  WARNER,  lawyer,  legal  au 
thor,  was  born  July  6,  1852,  in  Lancaster, 
Wis.  In  1875  he  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Wisconsin.  He  is  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of  Denver,  Colo.,  where  he 
is  president  of  the  state  board  of  chari 
ties  and  corrections.  He  is  the  founder 
of  the  jury  system  of  Colorado;  and  drew 
the  bill  giving  to  women  the  right  of 
equal  suffrage  with  men  in  the  state  of 
Colorado,  and  canvassed  the  state  for  its 
approval.  He  is  profoundly  interested  in 
social  and  labor  questions,  and  lectures 
extensively  on  those  subjects,  and  gives 
freely  his  time  to  promote  equity  and 
justice.  He  is  the  editor  and  part  owner 
of  The  Legal  Adviser  of  Denver,  Colo. 

MILLS,  JOB  S.,  educator,  clergyman, 
bishop,  sociologist,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1848, 
in  Bartlett,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Bartlett  academy,  and  the  Illinois  Wesleyan 
unhersity,  from  the  latter  institution  re 
ceiving  in  course  the  degrees  of  B.  Ph., 
M.  A.  and  Ph.  D.;  and  also  the  degree  of 
M.  A.  from  Otterbein  university.  In  1871 
he  was  ordained  a  clergyman  of  the 
United  Brethren  church.  In  1887  he  be 
came  professor  of  English  literature  and 


rhetoric  in  the  Western  college,  Iowa; 
and  in  1889  was  elected  president  of  that 
institution,  serving  also  in  the  chair  of 
mental  and  moral  philosophy.  In  1893  Dr. 
Mills  was  elected  bishop,  which  position 
he  has  filled  with  distinguished  ability. 
He  has  delivered  several  courses  of  lec 
tures  on  sociology  and  kindred  topics. 

MILLS,  ROBERT,  architect,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  12,  1781,  in  Charleston,  S. 
C.  He  was  an  architect  of  Washington, 
and  the  original  designer  of  the  Washing 
ton  monument.  He  was  the  author  of 
Statistics  of  South  Carolina;  American 
Pharos,  or  Lighthouse  Guide;  and  Guide 
to  the  National  Executive  Offices.  He  died 
March  3,  1855,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MILLS,  ROGER  Q.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman.  United  States  senator,  was 
born  March  30,  1832,  in  Todd  county,  Ky. 
He  moved  to  Texas  in  1849;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Texas  legislature  in  1859  and 
1860;  and  was  colonel  of  the  Tenth  Texas 
regiment.  He  was  elected  to  congress  as 
a  democrat  in  1873  and  served  continu 
ously  until  he  resigned  to  accept  the  po 
sition  of  United  States  senator,  to  which 
he  was  elected  in  1892.  He  was  re-elected 
in  1893. 

MILLS,  SAMUEL  J.,  clergyman,  was 
born  April  21,  1783,  in  Torringford,  Conn. 
As  the  father  of  foreign  missions  he  or 
ganized  the  first  society  in  America  to 
contemplate  foreign  missions  in  1808;  and 
in  1817  visited  Africa  in  company  with 
the  Rev.  E.  Burgess,  to  select  a  site  for  a 
colony,  and  died  on  his  way  home,  June 
16,  1818. 

MILLS,  SAMUEL  JOHN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  16,  1743,  in  Kent, 
Conn.  For  many  years  he  edited  the  Con 
necticut  Evangelical  Magazine,  and,  in  ad 
dition  to  various  sermons  that  he  preached 
on  special  occasions,  he  published  a  vol 
ume  of  Sermons  Collected.  He  died  May 
11,  1833,  in  Torringford,  Conn. 

MILLS,  MRS.  SARAH  M.,  reformer,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  14,  1820,  in  Danbury, 
Conn.  She  has  been  a  lecturer  and  volum 
inous  writer  on  finance,  industrial  and 
tariff  reforms.  She  was  the  vice-president 
and  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Chicago 
Philosophical  society.  She  is  the  author 
of  two  philosophical  novels,  Four  Girl 
Farmers;  and  Eve  and  Mary,  besides  other 
minor  works  of  fiction  and  philosophy. 

MILLS,  SEBASTIAN  BACH,  pianist, 
composer,  was  born  March  13,  1839,  in 
England.  He  has  appeared  in  concerts  in 
the  United  States  and  in  Europe,  and  is 
one  of  the  best  known  of  American  pia 
nists.  Among  his  numerous  compositions 
are  three  Tarantelles;  Murmuring  Foun 
tain;  Polonaise;  Fairy  Fingers;  and  Rec 
ollections  of  Home;  Saltarello;  and  two 
Etudes  de  Concert. 

MILLS,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1801,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1857  he  was  presiding  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York. 
He  published  an  edition  of  Blackstone's 
Commentaries,  with  reference  to  Ameri 
can  cases.  He  died  Oct.  6,  1886,  in  Mor- 
ristown,  N.  J. 

MILLSON,  JOHN  S.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1808,  in  Norfolk, 
Va.  He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Virginia  in  the  thirty-first  congress, 
which  position  he  filled  by  re-elections 
until  1860.  In  1844  and  1848  he  was  presi 
dential  elector.  He  died  Feb.  26,  1874  in 
Norfolk,  Va. 

MILLSPAUGH,  FRANK  ROSEBROOK, 
bishop  of  Kansas,  was  born  April  12,  1848, 
in  Nicholas,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of 
numerous  sermons  and  addresses. 


MILLWARD,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress. 

MILLWARD,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1855  to  1857. 

MILMORE,  MARTIN,  sculptor,  was 
born  Sept.  14,  1844,  in  Ireland.  His  prin 
cipal  works  are  busts  of  Longfellow, 
Sumner,  and  Gen.  Thayer.  His  statues  of 
Ceres,  Flora  and  Pomona  are  in  the  Hor 
ticultural  hall  of  Boston,  Mass. 

MILNE,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  26,  1843,  in  Scot 
land.  He  organized  the  State  Normal  and 
Training  school  of  Geneseo,  N.  Y.,  with 
which  institution  he  was  connected  for 
eighteen  years.  In  1889  he  became  presi 
dent  of  the  State  Normal  college  of  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  a  series 
of  mathematical  text  books  for  schools  en 
titled  the  Inductive  Series. 

MILNES,  ALFRED,  soldier,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  May 
28,  1844,  in  England.  He  has  served  the 
city  of  Coldwater,  Mich.,  as  alderman  for 
one  term  and  as  mayor  for  two  terms.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1888  and 
re-elected  in  1890.  He  was  elected  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Michigan  in  1894;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as 
a  republican  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

MILNES,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1827,  in 
England.  In  1865  he  moved  to  Virginia 
and  purchased  the  extensive  property  lo 
cated  in  Page  and  Rockingham  counties 
known  as  the  Shenandoah  Iron  works.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-first  congress  as 
a  representative  from  Virginia. 

MILNOR,  JAMES,  lawyer,  clergyman, 
congressman,  was  born  June  20,  1773,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  From  1811  to  1813  he 
was  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  in 
congress.  In  1814  he  was  ordained  a  cler 
gyman,  and  in  1816  was  called  to  the 
rectorship  of  St.  George's  church  of  New 
York  city.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  New  York  Deaf  and  Dumb  insti 
tution.  He  died  A^ril  8,  1844,  in  New  York 
city. 

MILNOR,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1807  to  1811,  from  1815  to  1817,  and  again 
from  1821  to  1822. 

MILROY,  ROBERT  HUSTON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  11,  1816,  in 
Washington  county,  Ind.  In  the  war  with 
Mexico  he  served  as 
captain  in  the  first 
Indiana  volunteers. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  constitutional 
convention  of  Indi 
ana  in  1849-50,  and  in 
1851  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  eighth 
judicial  circuit  court 
of  Indiana.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  civ 
il  war  he  issued  a 
call  for  volunteers 

and  was  made  a  captain,  becoming  colonel 
of  the  ninth  Indiana  volunteers  in  1861. 
He  died  in  April,  1890,  in  Olympia,  Wash. 

MILTENBERGER,  GEORGE  WAR 
NER,  physician,  educator,  was  born  March 
17,  1819,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  elect 
ed  demonstrator  of  anatomy  by  the  fac 
ulty  of  the  university  of  Maryland,  which 
place  he  continued  to  fill  until  1852.  In 
1852  he  succeeded  to  the  chair  of  materia 
medica,  therapeutics,  and  pathology,  and 
in  1855  he  was  chosen  dean  of  the  faculty. 


662 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MILTON,  JOHN,  governor.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Florida  from  1861  to  1864. 

MINARD,  ABEL,  philanthropist,  was 
born  Sept.  25,  1814,  in  Massachusetts.  Be 
sides  giving  to  various  charitable  objects, 
he  founded  the  Minard  home  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.,  at  an  expense  of  $50,000,  for 
the  education  of  female  orphans  of  meth- 
odist  clergymen.  He  died  Jan.  31,  1871, 
in  Morristown,  N.  J. 

MINER,  AHIMAN  L.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Vermont.  He  was  a  state  representative 
in  the  legislature  in  1838,  1839  and  1845;  a 
state  senator  in  1840;  and  county  attorney 
for  two  years.  He  was  register  of  pro 
bate  for  seven  years;  judge  of  probate 
from  1846  to  1849;  and  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Vermont  from  1851  to  1853. 
He  died  July  20,  1886. 

MINER.  ALONZO  AMES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  ii,  1814,  in  Lemp- 
ster,  N.  H.  He  was  a  prominent  univer- 
salist  clergyman  of  Boston;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Bible  Exercises;  Right  and  Duty 
of  Prohibition;  and  Old  Forts  Taken.  He 
died  in  1896. 

MIXER,  CHARLES,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1780, 
in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1825  to  1828.  He  was  the  author  of  an 
interesting  work  entitled  History  of  Wyo 
ming,  and  was  one  of  the  first  men  in  this 
country  to  introduce  and  write  upon  the 
silk-growing  business.  He  also  wrote  Es 
says  from  the  Desk  of  Poor  Robert.  He 
died  Oct.  26,  1865,  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 

MINER,  HENRY  CLAY,  business  man, 
congressman,  was  born  March  23,  1842, 
in  New  York  city.  HP  was  educated  at  the 
New  York  city  gram 
mar  schools  and  at 
the  American  Insti 
tute  school;  studied 
the  drug  business 
and  has  been  more 
or  less  engaged  in 
that  business.  In 
1864  he  went  out  in 
advance  of  Signor 
Blitz,  the  magician 
and  bird  trainer;  his 
next  engagement  was 
with  Thayer  and 
Noyes's  circus,  and  eventually  he  be 
came  the  head  of  a  metropolitan  theater, 
and  then  rose  to  the  proprietorship  of 
five  popular  Thespian  resorts— the  Fifth 
Avenue,  the  People's,  Miner's  Bowery, 
Eighth  Avenue,  and  Miner's  Newark  the 
aters.  He  is  president  of  the  Miner  Lith 
ographing  company,  owns  extensive  phos 
phate  interests  in  the  south,  holds  large 
blocks  of  railway  and  mining  stock  in 
western  corporations,  directs  a  New  York 
newspaper  syndicate,  and  is  the  owner 
of  a  large  drug  store  and  photographic 
material  house  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

MINER,  PHINEAS,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1779.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Connecticut 
during  the  years  1834  and  1835  to  fill  a 
vacancy.  He  died  Sept.  16,  1839,  in  Litch- 
field,  Conn. 

MINER,  MRS.  S.  ISADORE,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  25,  1863,  in  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 
She  is  the  editor  of  the  Battle  Creek  Re 
view;  and  is  connected  with  the  Good 
Health  Publishing  company  of  that  city. 

MINER,  THOMAS,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  15,  1777,  in  Middletown, 
Conn.  He  contributed  to  periodicals  bio 
graphical  sketches  of  Connecticut  physi 


cians,  medical  essays,  and  translations 
from  French  medical  works.  With  Dr. 
William  Tully  he  published  Essays  upon 
Fevers  and  Other  Medical  Subjects;  and 
Account  of  Typhus  Syncopalis.  He  died 
April  23,  1841,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

MINES,  JOHN  FLAVEL,  journalist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1835,  in 
France.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Heroes  of  the  Last 
Lustre,  a  poem;  and  A  Tour  Around  New 
York  by  Mr.  Felix  Oldboy.  He  died  in  1891. 

MINICK,  JOHN  B.,  journalist,  was 
born  in  1836  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  In 
1866  he  moved  to  Michigan,  engaged  in 
railroading,  and  became  one  of  the  pro 
prietors  of  the  Marquette  Mining  Journal. 
In  1872  he  moved  to  Washington,  D.  C.; 
was  private  secretary  to  the  postmaster- 
general  during  1880-88;  and  was  engaged 
meanwhile  in  the  publishing  and  printing 
business.  He  established  and  published 
The  National  Weekly,  The  People's  Jour 
nal,  and  other  periodicals.  Since  1893  he 
has  been  identified  with  some  of  the  larg 
est  commercial  enterprises  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  which  city  is  now  his  home. 

MINICK,  JOHN  D.,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1859,  in  Shade 
Gap,  Pa.  He  has  taught  in  the  high 
schools  of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland; 
and  is  now  the  president  of  the  Davenport 
college  of  Lenoir,  N.  C. 

MINIFIE,  WILLIAM,  architect,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1805,  in 
England.  He  was  an  architect  and  edu 
cator  of  Baltimore;  and  the  author  of 
Text-Book  of  Mechanical  Drawing;  Text- 
Book  of  Geometrical  Drawing;  Theory 
and  Application  of  Color;  and  Popular 
Lectures  on  Drawing  and  Design.  He  died 
Oct.  24,  1880,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

MINOR,  EDWARD  S.,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1840  in 
Jefferson  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Wisconsin  assembly  in  1877  and  re- 
elected  in  1880  and  1881.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  and  served  in  that  body 
in  1883  and  1885.  He  has  been  mayor  of 
the  city  of  Sturgeon  Bay;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

MINOR,  JOHN  BARBEE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  2,  1813,  in  Louisa 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  professor  of  law 
in  the  University  of  Virginia;  and  the 
author  of  Virginia  Report  of  1799-1800;  Sy 
nopsis  of  the  Law  of  Crimes  and  Punish 
ments;  and  Institutes  of  Common  and 
Statute  Law.  He  died  in  1895. 

MINOR,  LUCIAN,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1802  in  Louisa  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  lawyer  of  Williamsburg.  Va.;  and 
the  author  of  Reasons  for  Abolishing  the 
Liquor  Traffic;  and  Travels  in  New  Eng 
land.  He  died  in  1858  in  Williamsburg, 
Va. 

MINOR,  ROBERT  CRANNELL,  artist, 
was  born  April  30,  1840,  in  New  York 
city.  His  works  include  Evening;  Dawn; 
Studio  of  Corot;  and  Under  the  Oaks. 
Among  those  of  his  later  paintings  that 
he  has  shown  at  the  National  academy  are 
The  Wold  of  Kent,  England;  The  Cradle 
of  the  Hudson;  The  Close  of  Day;  and  A 
Mountain  Path. 

MINOR,  VIRGINIA  LOUISA,  reformer, 
was  born  March  27,  1824,  in  Goochland 
county,  Va.  She  was  the  first  woman  in 
the  United  States  to  claim  suffrage  as  a 
right,  and  not  as  a  favor.  With  this  end 
in  view,  in  1872  she  brought  the  matter 
before  the  courts,  taking  it  finally  to 
the  United  States  supreme  court. 


MINOT,  CHARLES  SEDGWICK,  bi 
ologist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  23, 
1852,  in  West  Roxbury,  Mass.  In  1880 
he  became  lecturer  on  embryology  in  Har 
vard  Medical  school  and  instructor  in 
oral  pathology  and  surgery.  These  ap 
pointments  he  held  until  1883,  when  he 
became  assistant  professor  of  histology 
and  embryology  at  that  institution. 

MINOT,  FRANCIS,  physician,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  12,  1821,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1871  he  was  made  assistant  pro 
fessor  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  medi 
cine,  and  clinical  lecturer  on  the  diseases 
of  women  and  children,  in  the  medical 
department  of  Harvard,  which  places  he 
held  until  1874,  when  he  was  made  full 
professor  of  the  theory  and  practice  of 
physic. 

MINOT.  GEORGE,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  5,  1817,  in  Haverhill,  Mass.  He 
edited  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts;  and 
rendered  valuable  aid  to  Richard  Peter, 
Jr..  in  the  preparation  of  the  first  eight 
volumes  of  the  United  States  Statutes, 
at  Large,  the  index  of  which  he  pre 
pared.  He  died  April  15,  1856,  in  Read 
ing,  Mass. 

MINOT,  GEORGE  RICHARDS,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1758,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  made  chief  justice 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in  1799,  and 
judge  of  the  municipal  court  of  Boston  on 
its  establishment  in  1800,  which  office  he 
held  until  his  death.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
society,  and  edited  three  volumes  of  its 
Collections.  He  published  History  of  the 
Insurrection  in  Massachusetts  in  1786; 
and  Continuation  of  the  History  of  Mas 
sachusetts  Bay  from  the  Year  1748.  He 
died  Jan.  2,  1802,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

MINOT,  HENRY  DAVIS,  railroad  presi 
dent,  author,  was  born  in  1859  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  at  the  time  of  his  death 
a  railway  president  in  Minnesota.  While 
a  schoolboy  at  Roxbury  he  wrote  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  The  Land-Birds  and  Game- 
Birds  of  New  England.  He  died  in  1890. 

MINOT,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1849  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a 
Boston  lawyer;  and  the  author  of  Tax 
ation  in  Massachusetts;  and  Local  Tax 
ation  and  Municipal  Extravagance. 

MINTURN,  ROBERT  B.,  merchant,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1805,  in 
New  York  city.  By  his  energy  and  ability 
the  shipping  house  of  Grinnell,  Minturn 
and  Company,  in  which  he  achieved  for 
tune  and  reputation,  became  one  of  the 
great  shipping  houses  of  the  world.  He 
died  Jan.  9,  1866,  in  New  York  city. 

MINTURN.  ROBERT  BOWNE,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  21,  1836,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  the  author  of  From  New  York  to 
Delhi,  a  popular  book  of  travels. 

MIRES.  AUSTIN,  lawyer,  public  official, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1852,  in  Des  Moines 
county,  Iowa.  In  1853  he  crossed  the 
plains  with  his  parents,  and  resiued  in 
Douglas  county,  Ore.,  until  1873.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  law  department  of  the 
university  of  Michigan,  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B.  For  many  years  he  taught 
school;  was  mail  agent  for  three  years; 
and  served  as  chief  clerk  of  the  Oregon 
state  senate.  Since  1883  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Ellens- 
burg,  Wash.;  has  been  mayor  of  that 
city,  city  treasurer,  and  city  attorney.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  his  county  to  the 
constitutional  convention  that  framed  the 
constitution  for  the  state  of  Washingon. 
For  three  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  board  of  equalization  and  appeals; 
and  for  seven  years  was  vice-president 
of  the  Ellensburg  National  bank. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ^NCTCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MISSEMER,  J.  R.,  journalist,  was  born 
March  24,  1851,  in  Mount  Joy,  Pa.  He  is 
the  editor  and  publisher  of  The  Advocate 
of  Steelton,  Pa.;  and  for  the  past  twenty 
years  has  been  engaged  in  journalism.  In 
his  early  days  he  taught  school;  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two  years  was  elected  a  jus 
tice  of  the  peace;  and  in  1874  became  edi 
tor  of  the  Milton  Grove  News.  In  1878 
he  established  the  Mount  Joy  Star  and 
News,  and  during  the  following  ten  years 
also  conducted  a.  newspaper  syndicate.  In 
1888  he  purchased  The  Advocate,  which 
he  still  edits  and  publishes  with  the  as 
sistance  of  his  son,  George  W.  Missemer. 

MITCHEL,  ELISHA;  chemist,  was  born 
Aug.  19,  1793,  in  Washington  county,  Conn. 
Being  appointed  state  surveyor  of  North 
Carolina,  he  was  the  first  to  discover  that 
the  mountains  of  that  state  were  the  high 
est  east  of  the  Rockies.  He  lost  his  life 
upon  the  Black  Dome  June  27,  1857,  which 
has  since  been  called  Mount  Mitchel. 

MITCHEL,  FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1839.  He 
is  the  fiction  editor  of  the  American 
Press  association;  and  the  author  of 
Chattanooga,  a  Romance  of  the  American 
Civil  War;  Chickamauga,  a  Romance  of 
the  American  Civil  War;  and  Ormsby 
MacKnight  Mitchel,  Astronomer  and  Gen 
eral. 

MITCHEL,    ORMSBY    MAC    KNIGHT, 

soldier,  astronomer,  author,  was  born  July 

28,  1810,  in  Morganfield,  Ky.     He  was  an 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  astronomer     of     dis- 

" ^*fc'  I  tinction,    director   of 

I   the   Dudley,  observa- 

I  tory   at  Albany,  and 

I  a     prominent     union 

€  .«»_J^Bi  -(i"<'>"il  in  tlif  civil 
i  war.  He  was  the  au- 
|  thor  of  Planetary 
and  Stellar  Worlds; 
The  Orbs  of  Heaven; 
Elementary  Treatise 
on  the  Sun,  Planets, 
etc.;  and  Astronomy 
of  the  Bible.  The 
direct  cause  of  the  establishment  of  the 
observatories  at  Albany,  Clinton,  Alle 
gheny  City,  Cincinnati,  Washington,  and 
Cambridge,  is  due  to  the  impetus  given 
to  that  study  by  his  popular  lectures.  He 
died  Oct.  30,  1862,  in  Beaufort,  N.  C. 

MITCHELL,  ABRAM  W.,  physician, 
surgeon,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1862, 
in  Lempster,  N.  H.  He  has  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  New 
Hampshire  state  legislature,  and  was  on 
several  important  committees. 

MITCHELL,  ALEXANDER,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1817,  in 
Scotland.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Wisconsin  to  the  forty-second  and 
forty-third  congresses;  and  was  the  dem 
ocratic  candidate  for  governor  of  Wiscon 
sin  in  1879.  He  died  April  19,  1887,  in 
New  York  city. 

MITCHELL,  ALFRED,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1841  in  England.  In  1879  he 
emigrated  to  the  United  States;  and  has 
since  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
in  the  state  of  New  York.  For  sixteen 
years  he  served  in  various  capacities  for 
the  Equitable  Mercantile  company  of  New 
York  city,  and  is  now  dean  of  its  legal 
staff.  He  served  as  a  police  justice  of 
Whitestone,  Long  Island,  N.  Y. ;  and  his 
name  is  frequently  mentioned  for  the  of 
fice  of  justice  for  his  division  of  the  re 
cently  enacted  Greater  New  York  city. 

MITCHELL,  ANDERSON,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1800 
in  Caswell  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected 
to  the  North  Carolina  legislature;  and 
was  a  member  of  congress  in  1842  and 
1843. 


MITCHELL,  ANNIE  MARIA,  author, 
was  born  in  1847  in  Massachusetts.  She 
is  a  writer  of  religious  juveniles,  among 
which  are  Martha's  Gift;  and  Freed  Boy 
in  Alabama. 

MITCHELL,  CHARLES  BURTON, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  19, 
1815,  in  Gallatin,  Tenn.  He  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  from  Arkansas  for 
a  term  of  six  years,  commencing  March 
4,  1861,  but  was  expelled  by  the  senate 
July  11,  1861.  He  died  Sept.  20,  1864,  in 
Washington,  Ark. 

MITCHELL,  CHARLES  F.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1837  to  1841. 

MITCHELL,  CHARLES  LE  MOYNE, 
manufacturer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1844,  in  New  Ha 
ven,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  Connecticut  state  legislature  in  1878; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Connecticut  to  the  forty-eighth  congress. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

MITCHELL,  DAVID,  soldier,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  July  17,  1742,  in  Cum 
berland  county,  Pa.  He  fought  through 
out  the  entire  re\o- 
lutionary  war,  serv 
ing  as  a  major  in 
Colonel  John  Watts's 
battalion  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Long  Island. 
He  represented  his 
county  in  the  Penn 
sylvania  legislature 
from  1786  till  1805, 
and  served  as  a  pres 
idential  elector  in 
1813,  and  in  1817.  In 
1800  he  was  appoint 
ed  brigadier-general  «f  the  militia  of  Cum 
berland  and  Franklin  counties.  He  died 
May  25,  1818,  in  Juniata,  Pa. 

MITCHELL,  DAVID  BRADIE,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Oct. 
22,  1766,  in  Scotland.  He  was  elected  so 
licitor-general  of  Georgia  in  1795;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1796. 
He  was  governor  of  the  state  from  1809 
to  1813,  and  from  1815  to  1818.  He  died 
April  22,  1837,  in  Milledgeville,  Ga. 

MITCHELL,  DONALD  GRANT,  author, 
was  born  April  12,  1822,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 
He  is  best  known  by  his  earlier  and  still 
popular  works,  Dream  Life;  and  Reveries 
of  a  Bachelor,  books  of  a  pleasantly  sen 
timental  cast.  His  other  works  include 
My  Farm  at  Edgewood;  Dr.  Johns,  a  nov 
el;  Rural  Studies;  Fresh  Gleaning  from 
the  Old  Fields  of  Europe;  The  Battle 
Summer,  or  Paris  in  1848;  The  Lorgnette; 
Fudge  Doings;  Se\en  Stories;  Wet  Days 
at  Edgewood;  About  Old  Story-Tellers; 
The  Woodbridge  Record,  a  genealogy; 
Bound  Together;  A  SJieaf  of  Papers;  Out 
of  Town  Places,  a  revision  of  Rural  Stu 
dies;  English  Lands,  Letters,  and  Kings; 
and  American  Lands  and  Letters. 

MITCHELL,  EDWARD  COPPEE,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  July  24,  1826,  in 
Savannah,  Ga.  He  was  a  real  estate  law 
yer  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
Separate  Use  in  Pennsylvania;  Contracts 
for  Land  Sales  in  Pennsylvania;  and 
Equitable  Relations  of  Buyer  and  Seller. 
He  died  Jan.  25,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
MITCHELL,  EDWARD  GUSHING, 
clergyman,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  20,  1829,  in  East  Bridgewater, 
Mass.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman  and 
educator;  president  of  Leland  university 
of  New  Orleans  since  1887;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Les  Sources  du  Nouveau  Testa 
ment;  Hebrew  Introduction;  Guide  to 
the  Authenticity,  Canon,  and  Text  of  the 


New  Testament;  and  The  Critical  Hand 
book. 

MITCHELL,  ELISHA,  geologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1793,  in  Washing 
ton,  Conn.  He  was  an  educator  of  note, 
and  professor  of  geology  in  the  university 
of  North  Carolina  since  1825.  While  ex 
ploring  the  mountain  region  of  North 
Carolina  he  lost  his  life.  He  is  buried  on 
the  summit  of  the  mountain  bearing  his 
name.  He  was  the  author  of  Elements 
of  Geology;  and  Reports  on  North  Caro 
lina  Geology.  He  died  June  27,  1857,  on 
Black  Mountain,  N.  C. 

MITCHELL,  GEORGE  E..  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Cecil  county,  Md.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1823  to  1827,  and  again 
from  1829  to  1832.  He  died  June  28,  1832, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MITCHELL,  HENRY,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1784,  in  Woodbury, 
Conn.  He  moved  to  New  York,  and  in 
1827  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
his  adopted  state.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from  1833 
to  1835.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1858,  in  Nor 
wich,  N.  Y. 

MITCHELL,  HENRY,  hydrographer, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1830,  in  Nan- 
tucket,  Mass.  He  is  a  hydrographer  of 
prominence,  among  whose  scientific  mono 
graphs  are  Physical  Hydrography  of  the 
Maine  Coast;  The  Estuary  of  the  Dela 
ware;  and  Reclamation  of  Tide  Lands. 

MITCHELL,  HINCKLEY  GILBERT, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  22,  1846,  in  Lee,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  meth- 
odist  clergyman  and  educator;  professor 
at  Wesleyan  university  since  1884;  and  the 
author  of  Final  Constructions  of  Biblical 
Hebrew;  Hebrew  Lessons;  Amos,  an  Es 
say  in  Exegesis;  and  The  Pentateuch. 

MITCHELL,  J.  WALTER,  educator, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Nov. 
2,  1853,  in  Edgefield  county,  S.  C.  He  at 
tended  the  Trinity  college,  Texas;  the 
Vanderbilt  university,  Tennessee;  and  the 
South  Carolina  college  of  Columbia.  For 
fifteen  years  he  taught  school;  and  gradu 
ated  in  1886  in  law  with  the  degree  of 
LL.  B.  For  four  years  he  was  judge  of 
probate  of  Lexington  county,  S.  C.;  and 
for  two  years  served  with  distinction  as 
a  representative  in  the  South  Carolina 
state  legislature. 

MITCHELL,  JAMES  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  about  1790  in  Mecklenburg 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Tennessee  from  1825  to 
1829.  He  died  Aug.  7,  1843,  near  Jackson, 
Miss. 

MITCHELL,  JAMES  L.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1834,  in  Shelby 
county,  Ky.  He  was  state's  attorney  for 
the  nineteenth  judicial  district  of  Indi 
ana;  and  mayor  of  Indianapolis.  He 
died  Feb.  21,  1894. 

MITCHELL,  JAMES  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  York  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1821  to  1827. 

MITCHELL,  JAMES  TYNDALE,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1834,  in 
Belleville,  111.  He  attended  the  Harvard 
university  and  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania  Law  school.  During  1862-87  he  was 
editor-in-chief  of  the  American  Law  Reg 
ister;  during  1871-88  was  judge  of  com 
mon  pleas  at  Philadelphia;  and  since 
1889  has  been  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  vice-provost  of 
the  Law  academy  of  Philadelphia;  and 
president  of  the  council  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Historical  society.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  History  of  the  District  Court; 
Mitchell  on  Motions  and  Rules;  and 
other  works. 


664 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MITCHELL,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Perry  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1825  to  1829.  He  died  in  Aug 
ust,  1849,  in  Beaver,  Pa. 

MITCHELL,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  29,  1794,  in  Chester,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  minister  of  Strat 
ford,  Conn.;  and  the  author  of  Letters 
to  a  Disbeliever  in  Revivals;  Notes  from 
Over  the  Sea;  Reminiscences  of  College 
Scenes  and  Characters;  My  Mother;  and 
Rachel  Kell,  or  the  Diamond.  He  died 
April  28,  1870,  in  Stratford,  Conn. 

MITCHELL,  JOHN  AMES,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1845  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city;  founder  of  Life  in  1883,  and  its  edi 
tor  from  that  date.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Summer  School  of  Philosophy  at 
Mount  Desert;  The  Romance  of  the 
Moon;  The  Last  American;  Amos  Judd, 
a  novel;  and  That  First  Affair,  and  Other 
Stories. 

MITCHELL,  JOHN  GRANT,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1838,  in  Piqua, 
Ohio.  He  was  commissioned  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1865,  and  brevet- 
ted  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date 
from  March  13,  for  special  gallantry  in 
the  battle  of  Bentonville,  N.  C.,  March 
17,  1865. 

MITCHELL,  JOHN  HIPPLE,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  June  22,' 
1835,  in  Washington  county,  Pa.  He  re- 

i   ceived  a  public  school 

education  and  the 
instruction  of  a  pri 
vate  tutor;  studied 
and  practiced  law, 
and  moved  to  Cali 
fornia  and  practiced 
law,  first  in  San  Luis 
Obispo  and  then  in 
San  Francisco.  In 
1860  he  moved  to 
Portland,  Ore.;  and 
was  elected  corpora 
tion  attorney  o  f 
Portland  in  1861,  and  served  one  year. 
He  was  elected  as  a  republican  to  the 
state  senate  in  1862,  and  served  four 
years,  the  last  two  as  president  of  that 
body.  He  was  commissioned  by  the  gov 
ernor  of  Oregon  in  1865  lieutenant-colonel 
in  the  state  militia;  and  was  a  candidate 
for  United  States  senator  in  1866,  and  was 
defeated  in  the  party  caucus  by  one  vote. 
He  was  chosen  professor  of  medical  juris 
prudence  in  Willamette  university  of  Sa 
lem  in  1867,  and  served  in  that  position 
nearly  four  years.  He  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  in  1872,  and  served 
until  1879.  He  was  again  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  in  1885  as  a  republi 
can,  and  was  re-elected  in  1891. 

MITCHELL,  JOHN  KEARSLEY,  phy 
sician,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  12, 
1798,  in  Shepherdstown,  Va.  He  was  a 
physician  of  Phila 
delphia,  of  eminence 
as  a  medical  lectur 
er;  and  the  author  of 
Indecision,  and  Other 
Poems;  St.  Helena,  a 
poem;  Remote  Con 
sequences  of  Injuries 
of  Nerves;  Crypto- 
gamic  Origin  of  Mal 
arious  and  Epidemic 
Fevers;  and  Five  Es 
says  on  Fevers.  He 
died  April  4,  1858,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  his  death  was 
sincerely  mourned. 

MITCHELL,  JOHN  INSCHO,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  United  States  sena 


tor,  was  born  July  28,  1838,  in  Tioga,  Pa. 
He  was  district  attorney  of  Tioga  county, 
Pa.,  from  1868  to  1871;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  from 
1872  to  1876.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty- 
fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses;  and  was 
elected  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  six 
years  from  March  4,  1881. 

MITCHELL,  JOHN  LENDRUM,  soldier, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  19,  1842,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  of 
Wisconsin  in  1872-73  and  1875-76.  He  is 
vice-president  of  the  Wisconsin  Marine 
and  Fire  Insurance  Company  bank,  and 
of  the  Northwestern  National  Insurance 
company  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third 
congresses  as  a  democrat;  and  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate,  and  took  his 
seat  March  4,  1893.  His  term  of  service 
will  expire  March  3,  1899. 

MITCHELL,  JOHN  MURRAY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  18,  1858,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1889  he  entered  into 
law  partnership  with  his  two  brothers, 
Edward  and  William,  the  former  of  whom 
was  United  States  attorney  for  the  south 
ern  district  of  New  York  by  appointment 
of  President  Harrison.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses 
from  New  York  as  a  republican. 

MITCHELL,  JOSEPH  DANIEL,  con- 
chologist,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  22, 
1848,  in  Point  Comfort.  He  has  served 
as  a  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  of  Texas,  and  is  the  father  of  the 
fish  and  oyster  laws  of  Texas.  He  has 
published  notes  on  Texas  shells;  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Texas  Academy  of  Science, 
and  the  Smithsonian  institution. 

MITCHELL,  MRS.  LUCY  MYERS 
[WRIGHT],  archaeologist,  author,  was 
born  in  1845  in  Persia.  She  was  an  arch 
aeologist  who  spent  much  of  her  life 
abroad.  Her  only  writing,  a  History  of 
Ancient  Sculpture,  is  one  of  the  best 
books  in  English  upon  Greek  art.  She 
died  in  1888. 

MITCHELL,  MARIA,  astronomer,  was 
born  Aug.  1,  1818,  in  Nantucket,  Mass. 
She  was  a  distinguished  astronomer,  and 
professor  at  Vassar  college  in  1865.  Her 
scientific  papers  have  not  been  collected. 
She  died  June  28,  1889,  in  Lyons,  Mass. 

MITCHELL,  MARION  J.,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1836,  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  She  received  a  thorough  education, 
and  inherited  liter 
ary  tastes  from  her 
•j  parents.  She  has  con 
tributed  extensively 
both  prose  and  verse 
to  current  literature; 

and  is  the  author  of 

j  a  volume  of  poems. 
1  Her  poetic  work 
shows  natural  pow 
ers  of  imagination 
and  expression.  Her 
poems  have  been  giv 
en  a  place  in  several 
standard  collections,  and  are  a  valuable 
acquisition  to  the  literature  of  the  times. 

MITCHELL,  NAHUM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  12, 
1769,  in  East  Bridgewater,  Mass.  From 
1811  to  1821  he  was  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  common  pleas,  and  afterward 
chief  justice  of  Massachusetts.  From  1798 
to  1812  he  was  a  representative  in  the  gen 
eral  court;  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1803  to  1805;  and  in  1813  and  1814 
was  state  senator.  From  1814  to  1820  he 
was  one  of  the  governor's  council;  and 


from  1822  to  1827  was  treasurer  of  the 
state.  In  1840  he  published  a  History  of 
Bridgewater,  Massachusetts;  and  a  volume 
of  sacred  music  entitled  the  Bridgewater 
Collection.  He  also  wrote  Grammar  of 
Music.  He  died  Aug.  1,  1853,  in  Ply 
mouth. 

MITCHELL,  NATHANIEL,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Delaware 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1786  to 
1788. 

MITCHELL,  NEAL,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1855,  in  Jacksonville, 
Fla.  He  attended  the  Maine  Wesleyan 
university,  Lapham  institute,  Amherst 
college,  and  several  medical  colleges  of 
New  York  and  Brooklyn,  and  in  Berlin, 
Germany.  In  1888  he  was  president  of 
the  board  of  health  in  the  yellow  fever 
epidemic  in  Jacksonville;  and  is  one  of 
the  foremost  physicians  and  surgeons  in 
the  south. 

MITCHELL,  ROBERT,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1833  to  1835. 

MITCHELL,  ROBERT  B.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  governor,  was  born  April  4,  1823,  in 
Richland  county,  Ohio.  He  moved  to  Kan 
sas  in  1856;  and  was  in  the  territorial 
legislature  in  1857  and  1858.  He  was 
state  treasurer  from  1858  to  1861;  and 
adjutant-general  in  1860  and  1861.  He 
raised  a  regiment  of  cavalry;  and  was 
made  brigadier-general  in  1862.  He  was 
appointed  governor  of  New  Mexico  in 
November,  1865.  He  died  Jan.  26,  1882, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MITCHELL,  ROBERT  G.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  July  15,  1843,  in  Thom 
as  county,  Ga.  In  1866  he  was  elected  sol 
icitor-general;  in  1884-85  was  elected  a 
senator  from  Georgia;  and  in  1890  was 
chosen  president  of  that  body. 

MITCHELL,  SAMUEL,  mine  owner  and 
financier,  was  born  April  11,  1846,  in  Eng 
land.  In  1864  he  emigrated  to  the  United 
States,  and  engaged, 
•8  and  obtained  a  posi 
tion  with  the  Madi- 
!  son  Copper  Mining 
I  company,  and  subse- 
I  quently  with  various 
I  other  companies.  In 
1876  he  organized 
the  Mitchell  Iron 
Mine  company,  and 
in  1878  discovered 
what  was  known  as 
the  National  Iron 
_.  mine.  In  1883  he  be 
gan  operations  in  the  Negaunee  mine;  and 
during  the  year  1894  they  took  out  of  the 
mine  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  million  tons 
of  ore.  He  is  the  president  and  general 
manager  of  the  Blue  mine  of  Negaunee. 
He  is  president  of  the  First  National  bank 
of  Hurley,  Wis.;  was  one  of  the  organi 
zers  of  the  Bank  of  Ishpeming;  is  a 
stockholder  in  the  Lincoln  National  bank 
of  Chicago,  and  is  interested  in  various 
other  financial  institutions. 

MITCHELL,  SAMUEL  AUGUSTUS, 
author,  was  born  March  30,  1792,  in  Bris 
tol,  Conn.  He  was  a  noted  geographer  of 
Philadelphia  who,  besides  publishing  a 
series  of  geographies,  was  author  also  of 
General  View  of  the  World;  and  New 
Traveler's  Guide.  He  died  Dec.  20,  1868, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MITCHELL,  SAMUEL  THOMAS,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Sept.  24, 
1851,  in  Toledo,  Ohio.  In  1879  he  became 
principal  of  Lincoln  institute,  Jefferson 
City,  Mo.,  where  he  remained  until  1884; 
and  he  has  since  been  president  of  Wil- 
berforce  university. 


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665 


MITCHELL,  SILAS  WEIR,  physician, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1829,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  distinguished 
physician  of  Philadelphia,  well  known  al 
so  as  novelist  and  poet.  His  professional 
•writings  include  Wear  and  Tear,  or  Hints 
for  the  Overworked;  Injuries  of  the 
Nerves;  Nurse  and  Patient;  Fat  and 
Blood;  Doctor  and  Patient.  In  fiction  he 
has  published  Hugh  Wynne,  Free  Quaker; 
Hephzibah  Guinness;  In  War  Times;  Ro 
land  Blake;  Far  in  the  Forest;  Philip 
Vernon;  Prince  Little  Boy,  and  Other 
Tales  out  of  Fairy  Land;  Characteristics; 
A  Madeira  Party;  When  all  the  Woods 
are  Green;  and,  in  verse,  Francis  Drake, 
a  Tragedy  of  the  Sea;  The  Mother,  and 
Other  Poems;  The  Cup  of  Youth;  The 
Hill  of  Stones,  and  Other  Poems;  A  Psalm 
•of  Death;  and  A  Masque,  and  Other 
Poems. 

MITCHELL,  STEPHEN  MIX,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1743,  in  Wethers- 
field,  Conn.  In  1779  he  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  Hartford  county,  Conn., 
court;  and  in  1790  placed  at  the  head  of 
that  court.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  old 
congress  in  1783  and  1785;  and  in  1793 
was  appointed  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate,  which  position  he  held  until  1795.  In 
1795  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  su 
perior  court  of  Connecticut;  and  in  1807 
chief  justice  of  that  court,  which  office 
he  held  until  1814.  He  died  Sept.  30, 
1835,  in  Wethersfield,  Conn. 

MITCHELL,  THOMAS  R.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Georgetown,  S.  C.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
'South  Carolina  from  1821  to  1823,  from 
1825  to  1829,  and  again  from  1831  to  1833. 
He  died  in  1837. 

MITCHELL,  W.  P.,  physician,  surgeon, 
was  born  March  2,  1862,  in  Middletown, 
Ind.  In  1883  he  graduated  from  the  Medi 
cal  college  of  Danville,  Ind.;  and  the  fol 
lowing  year  from  the  Rush  Medical  col 
lege  of  Chicago.  He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  physicians  of  Wisconsin;  has  a  large 
practice  in  Spring  Green;  and  is  the  med 
ical  examiner  for  five  large  life  insurance 
companies. 

MITCHELL,  WALTER,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1826  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Two 
Strings  to  His  Bow;  Bryan  Maurice,  a 
novel;  and  Poems.  Tacking  Ship  off 
Shore  is  the  poem  by  which  he  is  best 
known. 

MITCHELL,  WILL  WARD,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  1,  1870,  near  Lexington,  Mo. 
He  is  a  successful  journalist  of  Higgins- 
ville,  Mo.;  and  is  the  author  of  a  number 
of  meritorious  poems  which  have  ap 
peared  in  the  periodical  press  and  several 
standard  collections. 

MITCHELL,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1793,  in  Chester, 
•Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  minister 
of  Texas  who  published  A  Doctrinal  Guide 
for  Young  Christians;  and  Coleridge  and 
the  Moral  Tendency  of  his  Writings.  He 
died  Aug.  1,  1867,  in  Corpus  Christi,  Tex. 

MITCHELL,  WILLIAM,  theater-mana 
ger,  was  born  in  1798  in  England.  In 
1836  he  came  to  this  country  under  an 
engagement  with  the  lessees  of  the  old 
National  theater  in  New  York  city,  where 
he  made  his  debut  as  Jem  Baggs  in  The 
Wandering  Minstrel,  and  eventually  be 
came  stage-manager.  He  died  May  12, 
1856,  in  New  York  city. 

MITCHELL,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Indiana  to  the  thir 
ty-seventh  congress.  He  died  in  Septem 
ber,  1865,  in  Macon,  Ga. 


MITCHILL,  SAMUEL  LATHAM,  cler 
gyman,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  author,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1764,  in 
North  Hempstead,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  fa 
mous  physician  and  man  of  letters  of 
New  York  city  who  filled  there  a  position 
very  similar  to  that  of  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes  in  Boston  at  a  later  day,  the  two 
men  having  many  points  of  resemblance. 
He  was  long  a  professor  of  chemistry 
in  Columbia  college.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  1801  to  1804;  and 
again  in  1810-13;  and  a  United  States 
senator  in  1804-09.  Among  his  writings 
are:  Life  of  Tammany,  the  Indian  Chief; 
Picture  of  New  York;  and  Description  of 
Schooley's  Mountain. 

MOAK,  NATHANIEL  CLEVELAND, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1833,  in 
Sharon,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  Albany  lawyer; 
and  the  author  of  Albany  Penitentiary 
Statutes;  English  Reports;  and  English 
Digest. 

MOELLER,  LOUIS  CHARLES,  artist, 
was  born  Aug.  5,  1855,  in  New  York  city. 
He  has  attained  success  as  a  painter;  and 
has  exhibited  his  productions  in  various 
exhibitions.  He  is  an  associate  of  the 
National  Academy  of  Design;  and  is  a 
pleasing  genre  painter.  Among  his  princi 
pal  works  are:  A  Girl  in  a  Snow  Storm; 
Puzzled;  Morning  News;  Stubborn; 
Bluffing;  A  Doubtful  Investment;  and  A 
Siesta. 

MOELLER,  LOUIS  FREDERICK,  art 
ist,  was  born  in  1855  in  New  York  city. 
He  attended  the  National  Academy  of 
Design,  and  the  academy  in  Munich,  Ger 
many;  and  has  attained  a  national  repu 
tation  as  a  successful  artist.  He  received 
a  medal  at  the  Royal  academy  in  Munich; 
and  received  the  first  prize  at  the  Na 
tional  Academy  of  Design  for  the  picture 
entitled  Puzzled. 

MOFFAT,  EDWARD  STEWART,  min 
ing  engineer,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1844,  in 
Oxford,  Ohio.  In  1868  he  became  adjunct 
professor  of  mining  and  metallurgy  in 
Lafayette,  where  he  remained  until  1870, 
and  he  afterward  held  the  superintend- 
ency  of  various  iron-works  till  1882,  when 
he  became  superintendent  of  the  Lacka- 
wanna  Iron  and  Coal  company,  of  which 
corporation  he  was  made  general  mana 
ger  in  1886. 

MOFFAT,  JAMES  CLEMENT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  May  30,  1811,  in 
Scotland.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  and  educator;  professor  at  Prince 
ton  Theological  seminary  in  1853-90;  and 
the  author  of  Comparative  History  of  Re 
ligions;  Life  of  Dr.  Chalmers;  Song  and 
Scenery,  or  a  Summer  Ramble  in  Scot 
land;  Alwyn,  a  Romance  of  Study,  in 
verse;  The  Church  in  Scotland;  Church 
History  in  Brief;  Rhyme  of  the  North 
Countrie;  and  The  Story  of  a  Dedicated 
Life.  He  died  June  7,  1890,  in  Princeton, 
N.  J. 

MOFFAT,  WILLIAM  DAVID,  author, 
was  born  in  1865  in  New  Jersey.  He  is  a 
New  York  writer  of  stories  for  boys,  bus 
iness  manager  of  The  Book  Buyer  and  of 
Scribner's  Magazine;  and  the  author  of 
The  County  Pennant;  The  Crimson  Ban 
ner;  Brad  Mattoon;  and  Not  Without 
Honor,  a  novel. 

MOFFATT,  SETH  C.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  10,  1841,  in  Battle  Creek,  Mich.  He 
was  prosecuting  attorney  for  Leelaun 
county,  Mich.,  for  six  years;  and  was 
deputy  collector  of  customs  at  North- 
port  for  six  years.  He  was  a  state  senator 
in  1871  and  1872;  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  commission  in  1873; 
and  was  register  of  the  United  States  land 
office  at  Traverse  City,  Mich.,  from  1874 


to  1878.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney  for 
Grand  Traverse  county,  Mich.,  in  1878; 
and  was  a  representative  in,  and  speaker 
of,  the  lower  house  of  the  Michigan  legis 
lature  in  1881  and  1882.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Michigan  to 
the  forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

MOFFET,  JOHN,  chemist,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1832  in  Ireland.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-first  congress. 

MOFFIT,  HOSEA,  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  served 
six  years  in  the  legislature  of  that  state; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1813  to  1817. 

MOFFITT,  JOHN  M.,  sculptor,  was 
born  in  1837  in  England.  Many  of  the 
altars  in  the  principal  churches  in  New 
York  city  were  designed  by  him.  Among 
his  latest  works  are  the  plan  for  the  sol 
diers'  monument  in  East  Rock  park,  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  and  the  drum  of  the  York- 
town  revolutionary  monument,  erected  in 
1881.  He  died  Sept.  15,  1887,  in  London, 
England. 

MOFFITT,  JOHN  M.,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1843, 
in  Chazy,  N.  Y.  From  1866  till  1872  he 
was  deputy  collector  of  customs  at 
Rouse's  Point,  N.  Y.;  and  from  1872  till 
the  present  time  has  been  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  charcoal  bloom  iron,  and 
director  in  the  People's  National  bank  of 
Malone,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the  fif 
tieth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

MOHN,  THORBJORN  N.,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  in  1844  in 
Norway.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  Chi 
cago,  and  for  twenty-two  years  in  St. 
Paul,  Minn.  He  is  the  president  of  St. 
Olaf  college  of  Northfield,  Minn. 

MOISE,  PENINA,  poet,  was  born  April 
23,  1797,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  She  was  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Fancy's  Sketch-Book.  She  died  Sept.  13, 
1880,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

MOLDENKE,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1860,  in  Prussia. 
He  published  the  text  of  the  New  York 
obelisk,  with  explanations,  the  first  print 
in  hieroglyphic  type  ever  issued  in  Amer 
ica;  and  The  World's  Most  Ancient  Fairy- 
Tale,  the  Two  Brothers,  in  hieratic. 

MOLDENKE,  EDWARD  FREDERICK, 
clergyman,  journalist,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Aug.  10,  1836,  in  Prussia.  In  1865 
he  was  editor  of  the  Gemeindeblatt  at 
Watertown,  Wis.;  and  has  been  editor  of 
Siloah,  a  monthly  paper  of  the  general 
council  in  the  interest  of  German  home 
missions,  since  1882.  He  is  the  author  of 
Luther-Buchlein,  a  poem. 

MOLINEUX,  EDWARD  LESLIE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1833,  in  London, 
England.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war 
he  was  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  twenty- 
third  regiment  New  York  national  guard; 
and  in  1862  went  to  the  front  as  colonel 
of  the  one  hundred  and  fifty-ninth 
New  York  volunteers.  He  participated 
in  the  campaigns  of  Port  Hudson,  Red 
River,  Petersburg,  and  in  the  Shenandoah 
Valley;  and  he  received  the  brevet  of 
major-general  in  1865.  In  1880  he  was 
.  appointed  brigadier-general  of  the  elev 
enth  brigade  of  the  New  York  national 
guard;  and  in  1885  was  elected  major- 
general  of  the  second  division.  General 
Molineux  is  a  member  of  the  New  York 
firm  of  C.  T.  Raynolds  and  Company,  the 
largest  paint  house  in  the  United  States. 
He  has  contributed  to  current  literature 
various  papers  on  military  subjects. 


666 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MOLONY.  RICHARD  S.,  physician,  con 
gressman,   was  born   in  Northfield,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  thirty-second  congress. 

MOMBERGER,  WILLIAM,  artist,  was 
born  June  7,  1829,  in  Germany.  He  built 
a  studio  at  Morrisania,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
has  painted  several  landscapes,  among 
the  Catskills;  Through  the  Woods;  Har 
vest  Moon;  and  Island  on  the  Susque- 
hanna  River. 

MOMBERT,  JACOB  ISIDOR,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1829,  in  Ger 
many.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Paterson,  N.  J.;  and  the  author  of  Faith 
Victorious;  Handbook  of  the  English  Ver 
sions  of  the  Bible;  Great  Lives;  History 
of  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania;  His 
tory  of  Charles  the  Great;  and  Short  His 
tory  of  the  Crusades. 

MONARCH,  MARTIN  V.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  1842  in  Kentucky.  In 
1889  he  became  president  of  the  Owens- 
boro  Falls  of  Rough  and  Green  River  rail 
road. 

MONDELL,  FRANK  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  5,  1860,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
He  is  a  successful  discoverer,  developer, 
and  manager  of  ex 
tensive  coal  interests 
at  Newcastle,  Wyo., 
of  which  city  he  has 
served  five  times  as 
mayor.  He  attended 
the  local  district 
schools  of  Iowa;  and 
received  instruction 
in  the  higher 
branches  from  a  pri 
vate  tutor.  He  en 
gaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  and  in  rail 
way  construction  in  various  western  states 
and  territories;  and  settled  in  Wyoming 
in  1887.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  the 
new  town  of  Newcastle  in  1888,  and  served 
until  1895.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  first  state  senate  in  1890;  and  served 
as  president  of  that  body  at  the  session  of 
1892.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican 
national  convention  at  Minneapolis  in 
1892;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  republican.  In  1897  he  was 
appointed  assistant  commissioner  of  the 
general  land  office. 

MONELL,  ROBERT,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Columbia  county.  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1819  to  1821,  and  again  from  1829 
to  1831.  He  died  in  December,  1860. 

MONEY,  HERNANDO  DE  SOTO,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  26,  1839,  in  Holmes  county, 
•  Miss.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Missis 
sippi.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  forty- 
fourth,  forty  -  fifth, 
I  forty  -  sixth,  forty- 
r!  seventh,  forty- 
|  eighth,  fifty-third, 
and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses  as  a  demo 
crat.  In  1896-97  he 
was  appointed  a 
member  of  the 
United  States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
and  was  elected  for  a  full  term  com 
mencing  March  4,  1899.  He  was  a  del 
egate  to  the  Baltimore  convention  of  1872; 
and  of  the  Chicago  convention  of  1896. 

MONFORT,  FRANCIS  CASSETTE, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1844, 
in  Greensburg,  Ind.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
minister  and  editor  of  Cincinnati;  and 
the  author  of  Sermons  for  Silent  Sab 
baths;  and  Socialism  and  City  Evangeli 
zation. 


MONFORT,  FRANKLIN  P.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  June  6,  1842,  in  Shelby, 
Mich.  He  graduated  from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  university  of  Michigan;  has 
been  justice  of  the  peace;  circuit  court 
commissioner;  for  three  terms  was  pros 
ecuting  attorney  of  Macomb  county, 
Mich.;  and  now  has  a  large  practice  in 
Mt.  Clemens,  Mich. 

MONIS,  JUDAH,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  4,  1683,  in  Italy.  From  1722 
till  1761  he  taught  Hebrew  in  Harvard 
university.  He  published  Truth,  Whole' 
Truth,  Nothing  but  the  Truth;  and  A 
Hebrew  Grammar.  He  died  April  25,  1764, 
in  Northborough,  Mass. 

MONK,  EDWARD  R.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  31,  1854,  in  Alliance,  Ohio. 
He  has  been  county  judge  of  Tombstone 
county,  Ariz.,  and  also  probate  judge  of 
the  same  place.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Tucson,  Ariz.;  has  been  receiver  in 
the  United  States  land  office;  civil  ser 
vice  examiner;  and  secretary  of  the  board 
of  regents  of  the  university  of  Arizona. 

MONNETT,  HAMLIN  VIRGIL,  soldier, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1843, 
in  Bucyrus,  Ohio.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native 
city;  attended  the 
Hospital  Medical  col 
lege  of  St.  Joseph, 
Mo.;  and  graduated 
from  the  Marion 
Sims  College  of  Med 
icine  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
During  the  war  he 
served  in  the  eighty- 
sixth  and  one  hun 
dred  and  thirty-sixth 
regiments  Ohio  volunteer  infantry.  He 
commenced  life  as  a  school  teacher,  and 
has  attained  prominence  as  one  of  the 
leading  physicians  of  Iowa,  where  he  has 
a  large  practice,  with  headquarters  at 
Orient. 

MONROE.  ANDREW,  clergyman,  was 
born  Oct.  29,  1792,  in  Hampshire  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  pioneer  worker  in  Ken 
tucky,  Tennessee,  and  Missouri;  and  a 
memher  during  his  life  of  eleven  general 
conferences.  He  died  Nov.  18,  1871,  in 
Mexico. 

MONROE,  HARRIET,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1860  in  Illinois.  She  is  a  poet 
of  Chicago;  and  the  author  of  Valeria, 
and  Other  Poems;  and  Life  of  John  Well 
born  Root. 

MONROE,  JAMES,  fifth  president  of  the 
United  States,  was  born  April  28,  1758,  in 
the  county  of  Westmoreland,  Va.,  and 
graduated  at  William 
and  Mary  college  in 
1776.  He  then  joined 
the  continental  army, 
where  he  remained 
three  years,  and  was 
promoted  to  the  rank 
of  captain.  He  then 
commenced  the 

study  of  law  under 
Thomas  Jefferson, 
and  in  1782  he  was 
elected  to  the  Vir 
ginia  legislature.  The 

next  year  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  exe 
cutive  council,  in  which  he  continued  un 
til  1783,  when  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  continental  congress,  and  held  that 
office  three  years.  During  his  attendance 
at  New  York,  in  1785,  as  a  member  of 
congress,  he  married  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
L.  Kortright.  In  1787  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature,  and  in  1788  he  was 
a  member  of  the  convention  to  decide  up 
on  the  adoption  of  the  new  constitution. 


He  was  elected  United  States  senator  in 
1788,  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term, 
in  1794,  he  was  appointed  envoy  extraor 
dinary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  the 
court  of  Versailles,  and  was  recalled  in 
1796.  In  1799  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Virginia,  and  served  the  constitutional 
term  of  three  years.  In  1803  he  was  ap 
pointed  envoy  extraordinary  to  France,  to 
negotiate  for  the  purchase  of  Louisiana. 
In  1810  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature 
and  the  same  year  was  commissioned 
minister  plenipotentiary  to  England.  In 
1811  Mr.  Monroe  was  again  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Virginia,  but  was  soon  after  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  state  by  President 
Madison,  and  in  1814  he  was  appointed  to 
the  war  department,  which  he  took  with 
out  relinquishing  the  former  post.  He 
was  elected  president  of  the  United  States 
in  1816,  and  was  inaugurated  March  4, 
1817;  he  was  re-elected  in  1820,  and  took 
the  oath  of  office  March  5,  1821,  the  4th 
being  Sunday.  His  term  of  office  expired 
March  4,  1825,  and  he  retired  to  his  resi 
dence  in  Loudoun  county,  Va.,  where  he 
resided  until  1831,  when  he  removed  to 
New  York  city,  and  took  up  his  residence 
with  his  son-in-law.  He  died  on  the  4th 
of  July,  1831.  Monroe  held  office  twenty- 
six  years.  He  died  so  poor  that  he  was 
buried  at  the  expense  of  his  relatives.  He 
was  the  author  of  State  Papers;  Tour  of 
Observation  in  1817;  The  People:  The 
Sovereigns;  and  View  of  the  Conduct  of 
the  Executive  in  the  Foreign  Affairs  of 
the  United  States. 

MONROE,  JAMES,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1799,  in  Albe- 
marle,  Va.  He  was  in  congress  in  1839-41 
from  New  York;  and  was  chosen  again 
in  1846,  but  his  seat  was  contested,  and 
congress  ordered  a  new  election,  at  which 
he  refused  to  be  a  candidate.  In  1850-52 
he  was  in  the  New  York  legislature.  He 
died  Sept.  7,  1870,  in  Orange,  N.  J. 

MONROE,  JAMES,  educator,  United 
States  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
July  18.  1821,  in  Plainfleld,  Conn.  He 
was  a  professor  in  Oberlin  college  from 
1849  until  1862.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Connecticut  state  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1856-59,  and  of  the  state  senate 
in  1860-62;  and  was  chosen  president  of 
the  senate  in  1861,  and  again  in  1862.  He 
was  United  States  consul  at  Rio  Janeiro 
from  1863  to  1869;  serving  for  several 
months  of  1869  as  charge  d'  affaires  ad 
interim  at  that  capital.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-second,  forty-third,  and  forty- 
fourth  congresses;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses. 
Since  leaving  congress  he  has  filled  the 
chair  of  political  science  and  modern  his 
tory  in  Oberlin  college. 

MONROE,  THOMAS  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  a  citizen  of  Kentucky.  In  1834  he 
was  appointed  United  States  judge  for 
the  district  of  Kentucky. 

MONROE,  V.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Kentucky.  He  was  appointed  an  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  United  States  court 
for  the  territory  of  Washington,  residing 
at  Olympia. 

MONROE,  WILL  S.,  educator,  lecturer, 
poet,  was  born  in  Wyoming  Valley,  Pa. 
For  three  years  he  was  city  superintend 
ent  of  schools  of  Pasadena.  Cal.  He  is 
the  author  of  Poets  and  Prose  Writers 
of  Wyoming  Valley;  and  his  poems  have 
appeared  in  Peterson's  Magazine,  Journal 
of  Education,  and  other  publications. 

MONSARRAT,  NICHOLAS,  railroad 
president,  was  born  March  1,  1839,  in  Can 
ada.  Since  1895  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Columbus,  Sandusky  and  Hocking 
railroad. 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


66T 


MONTAGUE,  CHARLES  HOWARD, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1858  in 
Massachusetts.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
Boston,  city  editor  of  The  Globe;  and 
the  author  of  The  Romance  of  the  Lilies; 
The  Face  of  Rosenfel;  Two  Strokes  of 
the  Bell;  The  Doctor's  Mistake;  and  The 
Countess  Muta.  He  died  in  1889. 

MONTAGUE,  ROBERT  L.,  jurist,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  May  23,  1819, 
in  Middlesex  county,  Va.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  congress  of  Virginia  from 
1863  until  it  ceased  to  exist.  In  1873  he 
was  elected  judge  of  the  eighth  judicial 
circuit,  and  for  several  years  he  was  pres 
ident  of  the  General  Baptist  association 
of  Virginia.  He  died  March  4,  1880. 

MONTAGUE,  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  6,  1831,  in 
Belchertown,  Mass.  He  is  a  congregation 
al  clergyman,  professor  of  modern  lan 
guages  at  Amherst  college  since  1862; 
and  the  author  of  Comparative  Spanish 
Grammar;  Manual  of  Italian  Grammar; 
and  Introduction  to  Italian  Literature. 

MONTANYA,  J.  D.  L.,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
served  two  years  in  the  assembly  of  that 
state;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1839  to  1841. 

MONTEPIORE,  JOSEPH  H.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  was  born  March  19,  1848,  in  St. 
Albans,  Vt.  He  learned  the  printer's 
trade  in  all  its  branches;  served  one  year 
as  a  soldier  in  the  army  of  the  gulf;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar;  and  was  the  editor 
of  the  successful  daily  and  weekly  news 
paper  of  his  native  city  before  he  was 
twenty-one  years  of  age.  During  1873-78 
he  was  the  editor  of  the  Baldwin  Bulle 
tin,  Hammond  Independent,  and  Wilson 
Pioneer,  three  papers  issued  from  one  of 
fice  in  Wisconsin.  During  1878-80  he  was 
a  writer  for  the  St.  Paul  Globe  and  the 
Minneapolis  Tribune;  and  then  became 
proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Minneapolis 
Herald.  Since  1880  he  has  practiced  law 
in  St.  Albans,  Vt. 

MONTEFIORE,  JOSHUA,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1762,  in  London, 
England.  He  was  the  author  of  Commer 
cial  and  Notatorial  Precedents;  Commer 
cial  Dictionary;  Traders'  Compendium; 
United  States  Traders'  Compendium;  Law 
and  Treatise  on  Bookkeeping;  and  Laws 
of  Land  and  Sea.  He  died  June  26,  1843, 
in  St.  Albans,  Vt. 

MONTGOMERY,  ALEXANDER  B.,  ju 
rist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  11,  1837,  in  Hardin  county,  Ky.  He 
was  elected  county  judge  of  Hardin  coun 
ty,  Ky.,  in  1870,  serving  till  1874;  and  he 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1877, 
serving  till  1881.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth,  fifty-first,  and  fifty-second  con 
gresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

MONTGOMERY,  BENJAMIN  P.,  law 
yer,  politician,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1834,  in 
Richland  county,  Ohio.  He  received  a 
liberal  education  in  the  common  schools 
and  at  the  academy  of  Ashland,  Ohio. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
in  Colorado  Springs,  Colo.;  and  has  been 
a  delegate  to  four  national  democratic 
conventions. 

MONTGOMERY,  DANIEL,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1807  to 
1809. 

MONTGOMERY,  GEORGE  WASHING 
TON,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April 
6,  1810,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He  is  a  uni- 
versalist  clergyman  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. ; 
and  the  author  of  Illustrations  of  the  Law 
of  Kindness;  and  Sermons. 

MONTGOMERY,  JABEZ,  educator,  sci 
entist,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1839,  in  Plain- 


field,  Ind.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Michigan  university,  from  which  in 
stitution  he  received  in  course  the  de 
grees  of  B.  S.,  M.  S.,  and  Ph.  D.  During 
1867-79  he  was  professor  of  science  at  the 
Woodstock  college,  Ontario;  and  while 
teaching  there  he  raised  money  and  built 
the  largest  astronomical  observatory  in 
the  dominion  at  that  time;  and  for  nine 
years  he  there  filled  the  position  of  di 
rector  of  the  chief  meteorological  station. 
During  1881-83  he  taught  physics  and 
chemistry  in  the  Indianapolis  High 
school;  and  during  1883-89  filled  the  chair 
of  natural  science  in  the  Kalamazoo  col 
lege,  Michigan.  Since  1890  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  Ann  Arbor  High  school 
as  teacher  of  astronomy,  botany  and 
chemistry. 

MONTGOMERY,  JOHN,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  6,  1722,  in  Ire 
land.  He  served  as  captain  in  the  expe 
dition  against  the  Indians  under  General 
John  Forbes,  his  commission  bearing  the 
date  of  May  7,  1758.  He  was  in  other 
ways  prominent  in  local  affairs,  and  was 
county  treasurer  in  1767-76.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  continental  congress.  He 
died  Sept.  3,  1808,  in  Carlisle,  Pa. 

MONTGOMERY,  JOHN,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1807  to  18il.  He  was  also 
mayor  of  Baltimore. 

MONTGOMERY,  JOHN  ALEXANDER, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1851, 
in  Lewisburg,  Vt.  Since  1888  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Mary  Lee  Coal  and  Rail 
way  company  at  Birmingham,  Ala. 

MONTGOMERY,  JOHN  BERRIEN,  na 
val  officer,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1794,  in  Al- 
lentown,  N.  J.  He  served  in  the  various 
wars  of  the  United  States;  and  in  1866 
was  placed  on  the  retired  list  as  rear  ad 
miral.  In  1813  he  received  a  sword  and 
thanks  of  congress  for  services  in  Perry's 
victory  on  Lake  Erie. 

MONTGOMERY,  JOHN  G.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1805  in 
Northumberland,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature  in  1855; 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress  from  Pennsylvania,  but 
died  before  taking  his  seat.  He  died  April 
24,  1857,  in  Danville,  Pa. 

MONTGOMERY,  JOSEPH,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1780  to  1784.  He  died  Oct.  14,  1794,  in 
Harrisburg,  Pa. 

MONTGOMERY,  JUSTIN  ROBERT  M., 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  May  12,  1849,  in 
Eaton  Rapids,  Mich.  Since  1877  he  has 
practiced  law  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.; 
and  was  assistant  United  States  attorney 
from  that  time  until  1881.  In  that  year 
he  was  elected  judge  of  the  seventeenth 
judicial  circuit;  was  re-elected  and  served 
until  1888.  In  1891  he  was  elected  a  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Michigan  for 
term  expiring  in  1901. 

MONTGOMERY,  MARCUS  WHITMAN, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1839  in 
New  York.  He  was  a  congregational  cler 
gyman,  instructor  in  Chicago  Theological 
seminary  since  1890;  and  the  author  OL 
History  of  Jay  County,  Indiana;  A  Wind 
from  the  Holy  Spirit;  and  The  Mormon 
Delusion.  He  died  in  1894. 

MONTGOMERY,  MARTIN  VAN  BU- 
REN,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born 
Oct.  20,  1840,  in  Eaton  Rapids,  Mich.  In 
1870  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  Michigan  state  legislature  and  served 
two  years.  In  1875  he  moved  to  Lansing, 
Mich.;  in  1876  was  a  delegate  to  the  demo 
cratic  national  convention;  and  in  1885 
was  appointed  commissioner  of  patents  in 
the  department  of  the  interior  at  Wash 
ington.  In  1887  ne  became  associate 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Columbia. 


MONTGOMERY,      RICHARD,      soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  2,  1736,  in  Ireland.    He  en 
tered  the  British  army,  and  was  shortly 
afterward  ordered  to 
America.  He  return 
ed    to    Europe,     but 
came  back  to  Ameri 
ca  in  1773,  and   pur 
chased     a     farm     at 
King's  Bridge,  N.  Y. 
In  1775  he  was  elect 
ed        to       represent 
Dutchess   county     ia 
•   the   first    New   York 
I   provincial       conven- 
J|B      |  tion.        The       same 
year  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  brigadier-general;  and  was  killed  at 
the   battle  of   Quebec,    Dec.   31,   1775.     A 
marble    monument    was     erected     to    his 
memory  in  New  York  city. 

MONTGOMERY,  THOMAS,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Nelson  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1813  to  1815,  and  again 
from  1821  to  1823.  He  died  April  2,  1828. 

MONTGOMERY,  THOMAS  HARRIS 
ON,  president  of  the  American  Fire  In 
surance  company,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1830, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  attended  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1851  grad 
uated  from  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy.  Since  1859  he  has  been  a  fire 
underwriter,  and  since  1882  president  of 
the  American  Fire  Insurance  company  of 
Philadelphia.  He  is  a  member  of  .the 
Pennsylvania  and  New  York  Historical 
societies;  of  the  t>ons  of  the  Revolution, 
Colonial  Wars,  Colonial  Society  of  Penn 
sylvania,  and  various  other  orders;  and 
is  prominent  in  the  business  and  public 
affairs  of  his  city  and  state. 

MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1793  to  1795. 

MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Guilford  coun 
ty,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the  North 
Carolina  general  assembly  in  1824,  where 
he  served,  with  but  one  intermission,  un 
til  1834,  when  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress,  and  continued  in 
that  position  until  1841.  He  died  Nov.  27, 
1844. 

MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  11,  1819,  in 
Canton,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  irom  Pennsylvania  in 
1856,  serving  in  the  thirty-fifth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress.  He  died  April  28,  1870,  in  Wash 
ington,  Pa. 

MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM  ALEXAN 
DER,   soldier,   farmer,  lawyer,   legislator, 
was  born  Oct.  18,  1844,  in  Winston  coun 
ty,  Miss.    He  left  the 
Union  university    of 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn., 
and    enlisted   in   the 
twelfth         regiment, 
Mississippi  infantry; 
and      after      twelve 
months    joined    cav 
alry      service,      was 
promoted  to  captain, 
and  was  engaged  in 
^A      Ifti^.       tne    Principal     fights 
W'  «B^fcl    an<l  skirmishes.    Af 
ter  the  war  he  went 

to  the  law  school  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  and 
has  been  a  successful  lawyer  and  farmer 
of  Edwards,  Miss.  In  1873  he  served  as 
a  member  of  the  Mississippi  state  senate. 
He  was  among  the  first  to  raise  the  cry 
against  carpet  bag  rule  in  Mississippi,  and 
in  1875  commanded  the  citizen  forces  that 
went  to  Jackson  to  demand  that  the  ne 
gro  militia  companies  be  disbanded,  and 
was  successful  in  that  demand. 


668 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM  B.,  mis 
sionary,  author,  was  born  about  1790,  in 
Danville,  Pa.  In  1833  he  completed  an 
elementary  book  that  contained  transla 
tions  of  various  passages  of  Scripture. 
This  was  the  first  work  written  in  the 
Osage  language,  and  was  published  in 
Boston  after  his  death.  He  died  Aug.  17, 
1834,  in  Union  Station,  Kan. 

MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM  READ 
ING,  soldier,  was  born  July  10,  1801,  in 
Monmouth  county,  N.  J.  He  took  part  in 
the  war  with  Mexico,  and  was  promoted 
to  major  in  1852.  In  1861  he  was  com 
missioned  a  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers,  and  subsequently  became  military 
governor  of  Alexandria,  Va.  He  died  May 
31,  1871,  in  Bristol,  Pa. 

MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM  WATTS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1827,  in 
Augusta,  Ga.  In  1872  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Georgia. 

MONTGOMERY,  ZACHARIAH,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  6,  1825,  in  Nel 
son  county,  Ky.  In  1856  he  was  appointed 
district  attorney  or  Sutter  county,  Gal.; 
and  was  re-elected.  In  1860  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  the  California  leg 
islature;  ana  in  1885  was  appointed 
United  States  attorney-general  for  the  de 
partment  of  the  interior. 

MONTI,  LUIGI,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1810  in  Sicily.  He  is  an  educa 
tor  of  New  York  city  who  appears  in 
Longfellow's  Tales  of  a  Wayside  Inn  as 
The.  Young  Sicilian.  He  is  the  author  of 
An  American  Consul  Abroad;  and  Leone, 
a.  novel. 

MOOAR,  GEORGE,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1830  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  congregational  clergy 
man,  and  professor  in  Pacific  Theological 
seminary  at  Oakland,  Cal.,  since  1870.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Religion  of  Loyalty; 
and  Prominent  Characteristics  of  Congre 
gational  Churches. 

MOODY,  DWIGHT  LYMAN,  evangelist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1837,  in  North- 
field,  Mass.  He  is  a  celebrated  evangelist. 
Among  his  more  important  writings  are 
The  Second  Coming  of  Christ;  The  Way 
and  the  Word;  Secret  Power;  The  Way 
to  God;  Glad  Tidings;  Great  Joy;  To  All 
People;  Bible  Characters;  and  How  to 
Study  the  Bible. 

MOODY,  FRANK  SIMS,  lawyer,  bank 
er,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1849, 
in  Tuskaloosa.  Ala.  In  1877  he  was  elect 
ed  president  of  the  First  National  bank  of 
Tuskaloosa,  Ala.  He  was  elected  in  1894 
to  the  Alabama  state  senate. 

MOODY,  GIDEON  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  16,  1832,  in  Cortland,  N.  Y.  He  moved 
to  Dakota  in  1864; 
was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  representa 
tives  of  Dakota  ter 
ritory  in  1867-69, 
and  in  1874;  and  was 
speaker  of  the  house 
in  1868-69  and  in 
1874.  He  was  ap 
pointed  associate 
justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Da 
kota  territory  in 
1878,  and  served  as 
such  until  April  1,  1883.  He  was  elected 
by  the  legislature  which  assembled  under 
the  constitution  of  1885  as  one  of  the 
United  States  senators  for  the  state  of 
South  Dakota;  was  again  elected  one  of 
the  United  States  senators  for  the  state  of 
South  Dakota  in  1889,  under  the  provis 
ions  of  the  act  of  congress  admitting 
South  Dakota  and  other  states  into  the 
union.  He  took  his  seat  Dec.  2,  1889;  his 
term  of  service  expired  March  3,  1891. 


MOODY,  JOEL,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1834,  in  New 
Brunswick.  From  1865-81  he  served  in 
the  Kansas  state  leg 
islature;  for  four 
years  was  assistant 
secretary  of  the  sen 
ate;  and  tfien  be 
came  a  state  senator 
and  a  regent  of  the 
university  of  Kan 
sas.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Science  of 
Evil;  Junius  Un 
masked;  and  a  vol 
ume  of  poems,  enti 
tled  The  Song  of 
Kansas.  His  poems  have  also  been  in 
cluded  in  several  standard  collections. 

MOODY,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  4,  1676,  in  Newbury,  Mass. 
He  was  instrumental  in  founding  a  con 
gregational  church  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
and  possessed  great  influence  among  the 
churches.  His  publications  include  State 
of  the  Damned;  Judas  Hung  up  in 
Chains;  and  Election  Sermon.  He  died 
Nov.  13,  1747. 

MOODY,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1853,  in  New 
bury,  Mass.  He  was  district  attorney  for 
the  eastern  district  of  Massachusetts  from 
1890  to  1895;  he  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican,  at  a  spe 
cial  election,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

MOODY,  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  soldier, 
merchant,  state  legislator,  was  born  May 

19,  1828,  in  Essex  county,  Va.    In  1866  he 
removed  to  Galveston    and    entered  the 
cotton   factorage   business,   his   firm  now 
being   W.    L.    Moody  and   Co.      He    was 
president    of    the    Galveston    cotton     ex 
change  for  thirteen  years.    In  1874  he  was 
elected  a  representative  to  the  Texas  leg 
islature,  and  during  the  same  session  be 
came   financial   agent  for  Texas,  for  the 
sale  of  its  bonds,  and  as  such  successfully 
negotiated  the  loan. 

MOODY,  ZENAS  F.,  soldier,  surveyor, 
merchant,  state  legislator,  governor,  was 
born  May  27,  1832,  in  Granby,  Mass.  He 
settled  in  Oregon  in  1851;  was  a  surveyor; 
and  in  1856  was  appointed  government 
inspector  of  the  United  States  surveys  in 
California.  For  many  years  he  was  a 
mail  contractor  between  The  Dalles  and 
Portland.  In  1880  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature;  and  was 
speaker  of  the  house  the  following  ses 
sion.  In  1882  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Oregon,  and  served  for  four  years. 

MOOERS,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  was  born  April  1,  1758,  in  Hav- 
erhill,  Mass.  In  1783  he  settled  in  the  vi 
cinity  of  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  then  a  wilder 
ness,  was  for  eight  years  a  member  of  the 
New  York  legislature,  and  held  various 
other  offices.  He  w*s  a  major-general  of 
militia,  and  as  such  commanded  at  the 
battle  of  Plattsburg,  in  1814.  He  died  Feb. 

20,  1838,  in  Plattsburg,  N.  Y. 

MOON,  JOHN  AUSTIN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  22,  1855,  in 
Albemarle  county,  Va.  He  was  elected 
attorney  for  the  city  of  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  in  1881  and  1882;  and  was  appoint 
ed  special  circuit  judge  in  1889,  and  twice 
reappointed,  and  held  the  office  contin 
uously  under  special  commissions  until 
1891.  He  was  appointed  as  regular 
judge  for  the  fourth  circuit,  and  held 
under  this  commission  until  1892.  when 
he  was  elected  circuit  judge;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1894  for  a  term  of  eight  years. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 


MOON,  JOHN  W.,  merchant,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1836, 
in  Wayne  county,  Mich.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Michigan  state  senate  in  1884,  and 
re-elected  in  1886;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  as  a  republican. 

MOONEY,  EDWARD  LUDLOW,  artist, 
was  born   March  25,   1813,   in  New  York 
city.     He  executed   six   admirable   copies 
of   Inman's    portrait 
of    Martin   Van   Bu- 
ren.    He  was  elected 
an   associate   of   the 
academy      in      1839, 
4*9  *       ,'  and   an   academician 

in      1840.        Among 
them       were       like- 
\4**          *  nesses    of    Commo- 

^•f^^^^i         dore  Oliver  H.  Perry 
^^JM^fl    ^^    ;""'      "'       Governor 
^^^^H  william   H.   Seward, 

l^Hl  jflHHH  the  latter  now  in  the 
state  house  at  Al 
bany,  also  that  of  Achmet  Ben  Aman, 
the  commander  of  the  Imam  of  Muscat's 
frigate  Sultan,  purchased  by  the  common 
council  of  New  York.  He  died  July  10, 
1887,  in  New  York  city. 

MOONEY,  SAMUEL  L.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  June  14,  1813,  in  Pow- 
hatan,  Ohio.  Since  1881  he  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  Bellaire,  Janesville  and  Cin 
cinnati  railroad. 

MOOR,  WYMAN  BRADLEY  SEVEY, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1814,  in  Water- 
ville,  Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  legislature  in  i«39;  and  was  at 
torney-general  of  that  state  from  1844 
to  1848.  By  appointment  he  succeeded 
John  Fairfield  as  a  senator  in  congress, 
serving  from  January  to  June,  1848.  He 
subsequently  devoted  much  attention  to 
the  railroad  interests  of  his  state;  and  in 
1857  was  appointed  consul  general  for  the 
British  American  provinces.  He  died 
Feb.  16,  1869,  in  Lynchburg,  Va. 

MOORE,  ALFRED,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  21,  1755,  in  Bruns 
wick  county,  N.  C.  In  1790  he  was  elected 
attorney-general  of  North  Carolina;  and 
was  appointed  judge  in  1798.  He  was  as 
sociate  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States  from  1799  to  1805.  He  died 
Oct.  15,  1810,  in  Belfont,  N.  C. 

MOORE,  ALANSON  WOOD,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1838,  in  De 
Kalb  county,  Ga.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Louisiana  state  legislature  in  1892,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1894.  He  has  delivered 
lectures  on  Intellectual,  Moral  and  Phys 
ical  Culture;  and  is  an  ardent  prohibi 
tionist. 

MOORE.  ANDREW,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1752  in  Canniscello,  Va.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1789  to  1797,  and  again  from 
1803  to  1804,  when  he  was  appointed  to 
the  United  States  senate.  He  died  April 
14,  1821,  near  Lexington,  Va. 

MOORE,  ANDREW  B.,  educator,  gov 
ernor.  He  was  governor  of  Alabama  from 
1857  to  1863.  He  died  April  5,  1873,  in 
Marion,  Ala. 

MOORE,  MRS.  ANNIE  AUBERTINE 
[WOODWARD],  author,  was  born  Sept. 
27,  1841,  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  She 
is  a  Wisconsin  translator  of  note  from  the 
Norse;  co-translator  with  Anderson  of 
Bjornson's  novels,  and  editor  of  Echoes 
from  Mist  Land. 

MOORE,  AUDREY  C.,  journalist,  phy 
sician,  was  born  March  12,  1867,  in  La 
Grange,  Mo.  He  is  a  prominent  physician 
of  Anaheim,  Cal.;  and  is  the  editor  and 
owner  of  the  Osteopath,  a  medical  jour 
nal.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Pacific 
School  of  Osteopathy,  and  demonstrator 
in  osteopathy  in  that  institution. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


669 


MOORE,  AUGUSTA,  poet.  She  has 
contributed  a  number  of  poems  to  the 
leading  periodical  and  local  press  of 
Maine. 

MOORE,  BARTHOLOMEW  FIGURES, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  29, 
1801,  in  Halifax  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
in  the  North  Carolina  legislature  in  1836- 
44.  He  was  attorney-general  of  North 
Carolina  in  1848,  and  was  appointed  to 
revise  the  laws  of  that  state  in  1849-54. 
He  died  Nov.  27,  1878,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

MOORE,  CHARLES,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  March  29,  1801,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  successful  journalist  and  author 
of  Boston,  Mass.;  and  founded  Zion's  Her 
ald  in  1823. 

MOORE,  CHARLES  CALDWELL,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1830,  in  Marion, 
N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  was 
made  quartermaster,  serving  in  that  ca 
pacity  for  three  years.  In  1865  he  in 
vented  and  patented  the  Moore's  cush 
ioned  blotter. 

MOORE,  CHARLES  HERBERT,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1840  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  professor  of  art  at  Har 
vard  university,  and  the  author  of  The 
Development  and  Character  of  Gothic 
Architecture,  a  work  of  much  value;  and 
Examples  for  Elementary  Practice  in  De 
lineation. 

MOORE,  CHARLES  LEONARD,  law 
yer,  author,  poet,  was  born  March  16,  1854, 
in  Philadelphia.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  poet 
of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  Poems 
Antique  and  Modern;  Banquet  of  Pala- 
cios,  a  Comedy;  and  A  Book  of  Day 
Dreams,  a  volume  of  poems. 

MOORE,  MRS.  CLARA  [JESSUP],  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1824,  in  Phil 
adelphia.  She  is  a  Philadelphia  author 
who  lived  much  abroad,  mainly  in  Lon 
don.  She  is  the  author  of  Master  Jacky's 
Holidays;  Frank  and  Fanny;  The  Dia 
mond  Cross;  Mabel's  Mission;  Poems  and 
Stories;  On  Dangerous  Ground,  a  novel; 
Gondaline's  Lesson;  Sensible  Etiquette; 
Slander  and  Gossip;  Social  Ethics;  and 
The  Warden's  Tale,  and  Other  Poems. 

MOORE,  CLEMENT  CLARKE,  edu 
cator,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  15,  1779, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  an  educator  of 
New  York  city,  and  professor  of  oriental 
literature  in  the  General  Theological  sem 
inary  in  1821-63.  He  published  a  Hebrew- 
English  Lexicon  and  a  volume  of  poems, 
but  is  more  widely  known  as  the  author 
of  the  famous  poem,  The  Visit  of  St. 
Nicholas.  He  died  July  10,  1863,  in  New 
port,  R.  I. 

MOORE,  DAVID  ALBERT,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1814,  in  Lansing, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  physician  of  Syracuse,  and 
the  author  of  A  Panorama  of  Time;  and 
How  She  Won  Him. 

MOORE,  DUNLOP,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  25,  1830,  in  Ireland.  Since 
1875  he  has  been  pastor  of  the  First  Pres 
byterian  church  of  New  Brighton,  Pa. 
He  assisted  in  translating  the  Scriptures 
into  the  Gujurati  language,  wrote  treatises 
on  Mohammedanism  and  Jainism,  and 
edited  a  monthly  periodical,  The  Gnyan- 
dipaka,  in  the  same  tongue. 

MOORE,  EDWIN  WARD,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1811,  in  Alexandria,  Va.  In 
1836  he  was  selected  by  the  new  govern 
ment  of  Texas  for  the  chief  command  of 
its  navy,  with  the  rank  of  commodore. 
He  died  Oct.  5,  1865,  in  New  York  city. 

MOORE,  ELIAK1M  HASTINGS,  sur 
veyor,  banker,  congressman,  was  born 
June  19,  1812,  in  Worcester  county,  Mass. 
From  1836  to  1846  he  was  county  surveyor 
of  Ohio;  and  from  1846  to  1860  county 
auditor.  He  was  a  director,  and  then 
president  for  many  years,  of  the  Athens 


branch  of  the  State  Bank  of  Ohio,  and 
subsequently  of  the  First  National  bank 
of  Athens.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  a 
collector  of  internal  revenue;  and  in  1868 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  forty-first  congress. 

MOORE,  ELY,  journalist,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1835  to  .1839.  He  was  ap 
pointed  Indian  agent  in  Kansas  territory; 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  register 
of  a  land  office  in  Kansas.  He  died  Jan. 
26,  1860. 

MOORE,  ERASMUS  DARWIN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1802,  in 
Winsted,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
minister  and  editor  of  Boston,  and  the 
author  of  Life  Scenes  in  Mission  Fields; 
and  The  New  Heart.  He  died  in  1889. 

MOORE,  FRANK,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  17,  1828,  in  Concord,  N.  H.  He  is  a 
writer  of  New  York  city  who  has  edited 
a  Cyclopedia  of  American  Eloquence;  and 
The  Rebellion  Record,  and  other  com 
pilations.  Women  of  the  War  is  one  of 
his  original  works. 

MOORE,  FREDERIC  A.,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1826,  in  Bristol, 
N.  H.  He  is  the  autnor  of  The  Book  of 
Gems. 

MOORE,  GABRIEL,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
about  1790,  in  Stokes  county,  N.  C.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Alabama  from  1822  to  1829;  governor  of 
the  state  from  1829  to  1831;  and  a  senator 
in  congress  from  1831  to  1837.  He  died 
June  9,  1844,  in  Caddo,  Texas. 

MOORE,  GEORGE  HENRY,  author, 
was  born  April  20,  1823,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 
He  was  the  superintendent  of  the  Lenox 
library,  New  York  city,  from  1872  till  his 
death.  He  was  the  author  of  History  of 
the  Jurisprudence  of  New  York;  Treason 
of  Charles  Lee;  Notes  on  the  History  of 
Slavery  in  Massachusetts;  Washington  as 
an  Angler;  and  Employment  of  Negroes 
in  the  Revolutionary  Army.  He  died  in 
1892. 

MOORE,  HARRY  HUMPHREY,  artist, 
was  born  July  2,  1844,  in  New  York  city. 
His  works,  which  are  cmefly  on  Moorish, 
Spanish  and  Japanese  subjects,  include 
Almeh,  the  figure  of  a  Moorish  dancer 
in  the  Alhambra,  for  which  he  received  a 
medal  at  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  ex 
hibition  in  1876;  The  Blind  Guitar  Player; 
A  Moorish  Bazaar;  A  milgarian;  A  Moor 
ish  Merchant;  A  Morning  Call  in  Japan; 
The  Daimio;  and  A  Garden  Party  at  the 
Alhambra. 

MOORE,  HEMAN  ALLEN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1810,  in  Plainfield, 
Vt.  He  was  appointed  adjutant-general 
of  the  Ohio  state  militia;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
fiom  1843  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
died  April  3,  1844,  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

MOORE,  HENRIETTA  G.,  universalist 
minister,  temperance  worker,  lecturer, 
was  born  in  Newark,  Ohio.  For  a  number 
of  years  she  was  en 
gaged  in  educational 
work;  and  then  took 
up  the  temperance 
crusade  movement. 
As  a  temperance  or 
ganizer  she  has  la 
bored  in  every  state 
and  territory  in  the 
union.  In  1891  she 
was  regularly  or 
dained  a  minister  of 
the  universalist 
church  by  the  Ohio 
universalist  convention  in  Columbus.  She 
fills  a  pastorate  in  Springfield,  Ohio;  and 
is  also  prominently  identified  with  the 
prohibitionists. 


MOORE,  HENRY,  governor  of  New 
York,  was  born  in  1713,  in  Jamaica,  W.  I. 
He  was  the  only  native  colonist  that  was 
ever  governor  of  New  York.  He  died 
Sept.  11,  1769,  in  New  York  city. 

MOORE,  HENRY  D.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  17,  1817,  in 
Goshen,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1849 
to  1853;  and  for  several  years  after  leav 
ing  congress  was  treasurer  of  Pennsyl 
vania. 

MOORE,  HENRY  EATON,  journalist, 
composer,  was  born  July  31,  1803,  in  An- 
dover,  N.  H.  He  established  and  edited 
the  Grafton  Journal  in  Plymouth,  N.  H., 
in  1824-26,  and  subsequently  taught  music 
in  Concord,  N.  H.,  and  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  A  short  time  before  his  death  he 
began  the  publication  of  the  Boston 
Eoliad,  a  weekly  musical  journal.  His 
publications  include  The  Musical  Cate 
chism,  and  other  musical  works.  He  died 
Oct.  23,  1831,  in  East  Cambridge,  Mass. 

MOORE,  HORACE  L.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  25, 
1837,  in  Mantua,  Ohio.  He  enlisted  as  a  pri- 
vate  soldier  in  the 
second  Kansas  in- 
fantry  May  14,  1861, 
and  served  continu- 
ously  until  June  30, 
1865,  when  he  was 
mustered  out  of  the 
service  as  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  the 
fourth  Arkansas 
cavalry;  and  com 
manded  the  eight 
eenth  and  nine 
teenth  regiments  of 
Kansas  cavalry  in  the  United  States  serv 
ice,  serving  against  the  Indians  on  the 
plains  in  1867-68.  He  has  been  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  since  the  close  of 
his  service  in  the  army,  except  for  two 
years,  when  he  was  treasurer  of  Douglas 
county,  Kansas.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress.  He  is  now  engaged 
in  compiling  a  genealogy  of  the  Moore 
family. 

MOORE,  HORATIO  NEWTON,  author, 
was  born  in  1814  in  New  Jersey.  He  was 
the  author  of  Orlando,  a  tragedy;  The 
Regicide,  a  drama;  Memoir  of  the  Du- 
anes;  Mary  Morris,  a  novel;  and  Lives  of 
Marion  and  Wayne.  He  died  Aug.  26, 
1859,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MOORE,  JACOB  BAILEY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1797,  in  An- 
dover,  N.  H.  He  was  a  journalist  who 
was  postmaster  of  San  Francisco  in  1849- 
53,  and  the  author  of  Laws  of  Trade  in 
the  United  States;  Gazetteer  of  New 
Hampshire;  and  Annals  of  Concord,  New 
Hampshire.  He  died  Sept.  1,  1853,  in 
Bellows  Falls,  N.  Y. 

MOORE,  JAMES,  governor,  was  born 
about  1640  in  Ireland.  He  emigrated  to 
this  country  about  1665,  settled  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  in  1700  was  gov 
ernor  of  the  state.  He  died  in  1729  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

MOORE,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1737,  in  New  Hanover,  N.  C.  He  served 
in  the  revolutionary  war  and  was  pro 
moted  brigadier-general;  made  command- 
er-in-chief  of  the  southern  department, 
and  received  the  thanks  of  congress.  He 
died  Jan.  15,  1777,  in  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

MOORE,  JEHIEL  TUTTLE,  physician, 
surgeon,  lecturer,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1848, 
in  Ontario,  Canada.  He  was  dean  of  the 
Minneapolis  college  of  physicians  and 
surgeons  for  thirteen  years,  and  lecturer 
on  theory  and  practice  of  medicine  for 
the  past  fourteen  years. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


MOORE,  JESSE  HALE,  soldier,  edu- 
•cator,  clergyman,  congressman,  was  born 
April  22,  1817,  in  St.  Clair  county,  111. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war  and  was  bre- 
vetted  a  brigadier-general.  After  the  war 
he  re-entered  the  pulpit,  and  was  pre 
siding  elder  at  Decatur.  In  1868  he  was 
•elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  forty-first  congress;  and  was  re-elect- 
•ed  to  the  forty-second  congress. 

MOORE,  JOHN,  state  legislator,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1788, 
in  Berkeley  county,  Va.  From  1825  to 
1834  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ixiuisiana 
state  legislature;  and  also  served  several 
years  in  the  state  senate.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Louisiana 
from  1841  to  1843,  and  again  from  1851  to 
1853.  He  died  in  June,  1867,  in  Louisiana. 
MOORE,  JOHN,  Roman  catholic  bishop, 
was  born  June  27,  1835,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  consecrated  second  bishop  of  St. 
Augustine,  Fla.,  in  the  pro-cathedral, 
Charleston,  in  1877. 

MOORE,     JOHN    GODFREY,     founder, 
was  born  July  7,  1847,  in  Steubeu,  Maine. 
In   1880,   when   the   Western   Union  tele 
graph    Co.    had    ap 
parently        absorbed 
all  its  rivals,  Messrs. 
Evans     and     Moore 
entertained  the  idea 
of  constructing  lines 
-y  ,f        connecting  the  prin 

cipal  cities  and  of 
leasing  wires  to 
bankers  and  mer 
chants  during  busi 
ness  hours  and  to 
newspapers  at  night. 
Abundant  capital 
was  forthcoming  for  the  purpose,  and  the 
projectors  had  soon  stretched  wires,  con 
necting  the  cities  of  New  York,  Boston 
and  Washington.  Finally,  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Co.  purchased  the  lines 
of  the  American  Union  Telegraph  Co., 
and  then  Mr.  Moore  organized  the  Mutual 
Union  Telegraph  Co. 

MOORE,  JOHN  WEEKS,  author,  was 
born  April  11,  1807,  in  Andover,  N.  H. 
He  was  the  author  of  Historical  Gather 
ings  Relating  to  Printers,  Printing,  and 
Publishing.  He  died  in  1889. 

MOORE,  JOSEPH  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1845,  in 
Commerce,  Mich.  Since  1868  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  L'apeer,  Mich.  For  eight 
years  he  served  as  judge  of  the  sixth  ju 
dicial  circuit;  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  in  1879;  was  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Lapeer  county  for  two  terms;  and  in 
1895  was  elected  justice  of  the  supreme 
court. 

MOORE,  JOSEPH  WEST,  author.  He 
is  the  author  of  Picturesque  Washington; 
The  American  Congress;  and  A  History 
•of  National  Legislation  and  Political 
Events. 

MOORE,  JUDSON  L.,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1857,  in  Bethle 
hem,  Ga.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number 
of  pieces  of  Sunday-school  and  singing 
class  music. 

MOORE,  LABAN  T.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1829,  in 
Cabell  county,  Va.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress;  and  served  as  a  colonel 
in  the  army  during  the  rebellion. 

MOORE,  LITTLETON  WILDE,  soldier, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1835  in 
Alabama.  He  was  elected  to  the  constitu 
tional  convention  of  Texas  in  1875;  was 
elected  district  judge  in  1876;  and  re 
mained  upon  the  bench  till  1885.  He  was 
•elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  flfty- 
.second  congress  as  a  democrat. 


have    appeared 


MOORE,  LUCAS,  farmer,  public  official, 
was  born  July  8,  1861,  in  Washington 
county,  Ky.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  of 
Lebanon,  Ky.  ;  and  commissioner  of  agri 
culture,  labor  and  statistics  for  the  state 
of  Kentucky. 

MOORE,  MARSHAL  F.,  governor,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  moved  to  Ohio 
and  was  appointed  from  that  state  gov 
ernor  of  the  territory  of  Washington,  re 
siding  at  Olympia. 

MOORE,  MARTIN,  clergyman,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  April  22,  1790,  in 
Sterling,  Mass.  He  edited  the  Boston  Re 
corder  twenty  years,  and  in  1861-66  was  a 
vice-president  of  the  New  England  his 
toric-genealogical  society.  He  published 
a  History  of  Natick;  and  Life  of  John 
Eliot.  He  died  March  12,  1866,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

MOORE,  MARTIN  V.,  author,  poet,  was 
born  April  12,  1837,  in  Johnson  county, 
Tenn.  His  literary  work  has  been  con 
fined  chiefly  to  prose 
writing,  and  he  has 
done  much  in  the 
line  of  editorial 
'  -*9  flflfln  work,  in  miscellan 
eous  short  stories. 
sketches,  magazine 
articles,  book  re 
views,  scientific  pa- 
|n  rs.  iinlil  iciil  anil 
historical  works. 
and  is  the  author  of 
several  large  prose 
works.  His  poems 
in  Harper's  Magazine, 
Frank  Leslie's  Sunday  Magazine,  The 
Atlanta  Constitution,  and  in  several  stan 
dard  collections. 

MOORE,  MRS.  ELLA  MAUDE,  poet, 
She  is  a  successful  writer  of  Thomaston, 
Maine;  and  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled 
Songs;  and  of  Sun 
shine  and  Shadow, 
which  has  attracted 
favorable  notice 
from  the  press  and 
public.  She  is  also 
a  constant  contrib 
utor  of  poems  to  the 
leading  newspapers 
and  magazines  of 
the  United  States; 
and  her  poems  have 
been  given  a  place 

in  Poets  of  America  and  other  standard 
collections. 

MOORE,  MONTA  J.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  March  28,  1866,  in  Cameron, 
Texas.  During  1892-94  he  was  a  member  of 
the  state  democratic  executive  committee; 
in  1892  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of  the  Texas  legisla 
ture.  He  was  defeated  for  nomination 
for  congress  by  Governor  George  C.  Pen- 
dleton  in  1894;  and  in  1896  he  declined 
the  nomination  for  congress.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  west,  and 
has  a  large  practice  in  his  native  city. 

MOORE,  NAPOLEON  BONAPARTE, 
lawyer,  banker,  legislator,  jurist,  was 
born  Sept.  7,  1832,  in  London,  Ohio.  He 
was  county  judge  of  Page  county,  Iowa, 
for  several  years;  and  a  member  of  the 
senate  of  that  state.  Since  1888  he  has 
resided  in  Fort  Worth,  engaged  in  law 
and  banking. 

MOORE,  NATHANIEL  P.,  college  pres 
ident,  author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1782,  in 
Newtown,  L.  I.  In  1842-49  he  was  president 
of  Columbia  college,  he  was  the  author 
of  Ancient  Mineralogy;  Lectures  on 
Greek  Language  and  Literature;  An  In 
troduction  to  Universal  Grammar;  and  a 
Historical  Sketch  of  Columbia  College. 
He  died  April  7,  1872,  in  The  Highlands 
of  the  Hudson. 


MOORE,  NICHOLAS  R.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1803  to  1811,  and  again 
from  1813  to  1816.  He  died  in  1816  in 
Baltimore. 

MOORE,  ORREN  C.,  journalist,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  10, 
1839,  in  New  Hampton,  N.  H.  He  is  a 
journalist,  establishing  the  Nashua  Daily 
Telegraph  in  1869,  which  he  still  edits 
and  conducts.  He  served  six  terms  in 
the  lower  branch  of  the  New  Hampshire 
legislature,  and  one  term  in  the  upper 
branch;  was  a  member  of  the  state  tax 
commission;  and  chairman  of  the  state 
railroad  commission  for  three  years.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as 
a  republican. 

MOORE,  OSCAR  F..  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1855  to 
1857. 

MOORE,  RICHARD  CHANNING,  pro- 
testant  episcopal  bishop,  was  born  Aug. 
21,  1762,  in  New  York  city.  He  accepted 
a  call  to  St.  An 
drew's,  Richmond, 
Staten  Island,  N.  Y., 
which  he  held  for 
twenty-one  years. 
He  received  the  de- 
-I  •••  gree  of  D.  D.  from 
Dartmouth  in  1805. 
Inl808  he  was  a  cler 
ical  deputy  to  the 
general  convention 
of  his  church  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  and 
was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  additions  to  us  hymnal.  In  , 
1809  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  St. 
Stephen's,  New  York  city,  where  he  re 
mained  for  tive  years.  He  was  conse 
crated  bishop  of  Virginia  in  1814.  He  died 
Nov.  11,  1841,  in  New  York  city. 

MOORE,  ROBERT,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Washington  county,  Pa.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1817  to  1821. 

MOORE,  S.  McD.,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1833  to  1835;  and  served  in  the  confeder 
ate  army  during  the  rebellion. 

MOORE,  SAMUEL,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1796,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1819  to 
1822.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1861. 

MOORE,  MRS.  SUSAN  TEACKLE 
[SMITH],  author,  was  born  in  Maryland. 
She  is  a  novelist  of  Brooklyn,  and  the 
author  of  Ryle's  Open  Gate. 

MOORE,  SYDENHAM  E.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Rutherford  county,  Tenn.  He  was  judge 
of  the  county  court  of  Greene  county, 
Ala.,  for  six  years;  and  for  a  short  time 
also  of  the  circuit  court  of  that  state.  He 
resigned  his  judgeship,  and  went  to  Mex 
ico  as  captain  of  a  volunteer  company. 
On  his  return  home  he  was  elected  briga 
dier-general  of  militia.  In  1857  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  thirty-fifth  con 
gress;  and  re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth 
congress.  He  aiso  took  part  in  the  rebel 
lion  as  a  colonel. 

MOORE,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1801  to  1813,  and 
again  trom  1815  to  1817. 

MOORE,  THOMAS  OVERTON.  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He 
settled  in  Rapides  Parish  as  a  cotton 
planter;  in  1856  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  of  Louisiana;  and  in  1860  was 
elected  governor,  serving  four  years.  He 
died  at  his  home  in  June,  1876. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


671 


MOORE,  THOMAS  PATRICK,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1797,  in  Char 
lotte  county,  Va.  He  was  an  officer  in 
the  war.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  1823  to  18^9  from  Kentucky;  and  was 
minister  to  the  republic  of  Colombia  in 

1829.  He  was   lieutenant-colonel   in  the 
regular  army  during  the  war  with  Mex 
ico;  and  his  last  public  position  was  that 
of  a   member  of  the  convention  for   re 
vising  the  constitution  of  Kentucky.     He 
died  July  21,  1853,  in  Harrodsburg,  Ky. 

MOORE,  THOMAS  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  18*0  to  1823. 

MOORE,  THOMAS  VERNON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  iveb.  1.  1818,  in 
Newville,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
minister  of  Nashville,  and  the  author  of 
Last  Words  of  Jesus;  God's  University, 
or  the  World  a  School;  The  Culdee 
Church;  Corporate  Life  of  the  Church; 
and  The  Last  Days  of  Jesus.  He  died 
Aug.  5,  1871,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

MOORE,  WALTER  BURRITT,  soldier, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1836, 
in  Bristol,  Vt.  He  removed  to  New  York 
and  with  Paul  A.  Chadbourne  he  edited 
The  Public  Service  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  in  three  volumes. 

MOORE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  1734,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1781  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  executive 
council  of  Pennsylvania,  resigning  in 
1782.  He  died  July  24,  1793. 

MOORE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1810,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Pa.  He  was  twice 
elected  a  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  for  Atlantic  county,  N.  J.,  serving  in 
all  ten  years.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  jersey  to  the  fortieth 
and  forty-first  congresses. 

MOORE,  WILLIAM  EVES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  1,  1823,  in  Stras- 
burg,  Pa.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  since  1872;  and 
the  author  of  New  Digest  of  the  General 
Assembly;  and  The  Presbyterian  Digest. 

MOORE,  WILLIAM  ROBERT,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  March  28, 

1830,  in  Huntsville,  Ala.     He  was  elected 
a  representative   from  Tennessee   to   the 
forty-seventh  congress  as  a  republican. 

MOOnE,  WILLIAM  j.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1822,  in 
Bethlehem,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
as  a  republican. 

MOORE,  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
27,  1832,  in  Henry  county,  Ky.  He  is  a 
voluminous  writer.  Most  prominent 
among  the  productions  of  his  pen  are, 
Views  of  Life,  a  beautiful  book,  full  of 
practical  thoughts  on  every-day  subjects, 
and  free  from  pulpit  cant;  and,  the  Living 
Pulpit  of  the  Christian  Church. 

MOORE,  ZEPHANIAH  SWIFT,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Nov.  20, 
1770,  in  Palmer,  Mass.  He  was  president 
of  Williams  college  in  1815;  and  in  1822 
became  the  first  president  of  Amherst 
college.  He  died  June  30,  1823,  in  Am- 
lierst,  Mass. 

MOOREHEAD,  WARREN  KING,  arch 
aeologist,  author,  was  born  in  1866  in 
Italy.  He  is  an  archaeologist  of  Italian 
birth,  but  American  parentage,  curator 
of  the  Ohio  State  Archaeological  Museum 
at  Columbus.  He  is  the  author  of  Primi 
tive  Man  in  Ohio;  Fort  Ancient;  The 
Great  Prehistoric  Earthwork  of  Warren 
County,  Ohio;  Waneta,  the  Sioux,  a 
Story  of  Indian  Life;  and  Field  Work. 


MOORHEAD,  JAMES  KENNEDY,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1806,  in 
Halifax,  Pa.  In  1836  he  moved  to  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.;  there  took  ah  active  part  in 
improving  the  navigation  of  the  Monon- 
gahela.  He  was  made  president  of  a 
company  bearing  that  name,  and  estab 
lished  in  that  city  the  Union  Cotton  fac 
tory.  In  1838  he  received  the  militia  title 
of  adjutant-general.  In  1859  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  thirty-sixth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-seventh,  thirty- 
eighth,  thirty-ninth,  and  fortieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.  He  died  March 
6,  1884,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

MORAIS,  SABATO,  clergyman,  was 
born  April  29,  1824,  in  Italy.  He 
took  an  active  part  in  the  establishment 
of  the  conservative  Jewish  theological 
seminary  of  New  York,  opened  in  1887, 
of  which  he  was  chosen  president,  and 
has  been  active  in  furthering  Jewish 
charitable  and  educational  progress  in 
Philadelphia. 

MORAN,  JANE  WORMLEY  BLACK 
BURN,  author,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1842,  in 
Spring  Grove,  Va.  She  is  the  author  of 
Miss  Washington  of  Virginia;  What  a 
Man  Can  do  with  a  Woman's  Life;  and 
other  works.  She  is  the  wife  of  Frank 
Bergen  Moran,  a  son  of  the  millionaire 
banker  of  New  York  city,  who  is  well 
known  by  several  remarkable  books  on 
government,  free  trade,  and  political 
economy.  She  resides  in  Charlottesville, 
Va. 

MORAN,  LEON,  artist,  was  born  in 
1863,  iu  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has  ex 
hibited  numerous  paintings  at  the  Na 
tional  academy,  which  include  Waylaid; 
An  Interrupted  Conspiracy;  and  An 
Amateur.  Among  his  most  successful 
works  are  The  Duel;  An  Idyl;  Eel  Fish 
ing;  and  Intercepted  Dispatches. 

MORAN,  MRS.  MARY  NIMMO,  artist, 
was  born  May  10,  1842,  in  Scotland.  She 
has  attained  eminence  in  America  as  a 
successful  artist;  and  is  the  wife  of  the 
well  known  landscape  painter. 

MORAN,  FERCf,  artist,  was  born  in 
1862,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  excels  in 
portraying  female  heads  and  figures,  and 
his  touch  is  crisp  and  decided.  Among 
his  recent  paintings  are  Divided  Atten 
tion,  for  which  he  received  the  first  prize 
at  the  New  York  academy  of  design  in 
1886;  A  Corner  of  the  Studio;  and  The 
Wood  Cutter's  Daughter. 

MORAN,  PETER,  artist,  was  born  in 
1842  in  England.  He  is  a  successful  artist 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MORAN,  THOMAS,  artist,  was  born 
Jan.  12,  1837,  in  England.  Among  his  im 
portant  works  are  The  Pass  of  Glencoe; 
The  Mountain  of  the  Holy  Cross,  which 
he  exhibited  at  the  Centennial  of  1876. 
and  for  which  he  received  a  medal  and 
diploma. 

MORDECAI,  ALFRED,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  3,  1804,  in  Warrenton,  N.  C. 
He  was  a  soldier  and  military  engineer; 
secretary  of  the  Pennsylvania  Canal  com 
pany  since  1867;  and  the  author  of  Digest 
of  Military  Laws;  Ordnance  Manual;  Re 
ports  of  Gunpowder  Experiments;  and 
Artillery  for  United  States  Land  Service. 
He  died  Oct.  23,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MORDEN,  WILLIAM  J.,  inventor,  was 
born  in  1832.  He  was  the  inventor  in 
1868  of  the  first  U  plate  frog  and  cross 
ing,  which  invention  is  now  in  use  on 
every  railroad  in  America.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  president  of  the  Mor- 
den  Frog  and  Crossing  works,  a  plant 
which  covers  five  acres  at  South  Chicago. 
He  died  Feb.  27,  1897,  in  Chicago,  111. 


MORE,  PAUL  ELMER,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1864  in  Missouri.  He 
is  an  instructor  in  Sanskrit  and  Greek  at 
Bryn  Mawr  college;  and  the  author  of 
The  Great  Refusal:  Being  Letters  of 
a  Dreamer  in  Gotham. 

MORE,  THOMAS  ROMAN,  stockman, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1856,  in  Santa 
Barbara,  Cal.  After  graduating  from  the 
Ann  Arbor  high  school,  he  attended  the 
Michigan  university.  He  is  a  successful 
stockman,  and  the  owner  of  several  large 
ranches  in  California.  His  poems  have 
appeared  in  various  newspapers  and  mag 
azines,  and  in  several  standard  works. 

MOREHEAD,  CHARLES  R.,  merchant, 
banker,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1836,  in  Rich 
mond,  Mo.  He  attended  the  Masonic  col 
lege  of  Lexington,  Mo.  He  was  assistant 
general  agent  and  chief  clerk  of  the 
United  States  Transportation  company  in 
the  Utah  expedition  of  1857;  and  in  1868- 
69  was  mayor  of  Leavenworth,  Kan.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  State  National 
bank  of  El  Paso,  Texas,  since  its  organ 
ization  in  1881;  was  president  of  the 
board  of  education  in  1893-94;  and  since 
I860  has  been  a  successful  merchant  and 
banker.  In  1895  he  was  elected  knight 
commander  of  the  Court  of  Honor,  Scot 
tish  rite  masons,  by  the  supreme  couucil 
at  Washington,  D.  C. 

MOREHEAD,  CHARLES  SLAUGH 
TER,  lawyer,  legislator,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  July  7,  1802,  in  Nel 
son  county,  Ky.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Kentucky  state  legislature,  serving  dur 
ing  1828  and  1829.  In  1832  he  was  ap 
pointed  attorney-general  of  Kentucky, 
which  office  he  held  five  years.  In  1838-40 
he  was  again  returned  to  the  legislature, 
officiating  during  the  latter  year  as 
speaker.  He  was  re-elected  and  made 
speaker  in  1841.  He  was  again  re-elected 
in  1842  and  1844,  and  for  the  third  time 
chosen  speaker.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Kentucky  from  1847  to 
1851;  in  1853  was  once  more  returned  to 
the  legislature;  and  in  1855  was  elected 
governor  of  Kentucky.  He  died  Dec.  23, 
1868,  in  Greenville,  Miss. 

MOREHEAD,  I.  T.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1851  to  1853. 

MOREHEAD,  JAMES  TURNER,  law 
yer,  legislator,  governor,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  May  24,  1797,  in  Cov- 
ington,  Ky.  He  served  three  years  in  the 
Kentucky  state  legislature;  in  1832  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Kentucky, 
and  in  1834  became  governor.  In  1837  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  legislature.  In 
1838  he  was  appointed  president  of  the 
board  of  internal  improvements,  which 
office  he  held  until  1841,  when  he  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for 
the  term  of  six  years.  He  died  Dec.  28, 
1854,  in  Covington,  Ky. 

MOREHEAD,  JOHN  MOTLEY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  July  4, 
1796,  in  Pennsylvania  county,  Va.  He 
served  in  the  North  Carolina  legislature, 
and  early  became  a  whig,  being  a  warm 
friend  of  Henry  Clay.  From  1841  till  1845 
he  was  governor  of  North  Carolina.  He 
died  Aug.  28,  1866,  in  Rockbridge,  Va. 

MOREHOUSE,  S.  THOMAS,  journalist, 
was  born  Nov.  13,  1849,  in  Walton,  N.  Y. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  Walton 
academy,  and  soon  after  entered  journal 
istic  work.  He  is  the  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  Evening  Star  of  Ridgway,  Pa. 
the  first  and  only  daily  paper  in  Elk  coun 
ty.  He  was  the  founder  and  editor  of  the 
Reporter  of  Walton,  N.  Y. ;  and  is  also  the 
editor  of  the  Elk  Democrat. 


672 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MORELAND,  MARY  L.,  educator,  evan 
gelist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  23, 
1858,  in  Westfieid,  Mass.  For  many  years 
she  taught  in  the  public  schools;  was  or 
dained  in  1889;  and  is  now  the  pastor  of 
the  Union  congregational  church  of  Mc 
Lean,  111.  She  is  a  successful  lecturer, 
evangelist,  and  the  author  of  Which: 
Right  or  Wrong;  Under  His  Wings;  and 
other  works. 

MORELL,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  22,  1786,  in  Lenox,  Mass. 
From  1832  till  1836  he  was  United  States 
judge  of  Michigan  territory,  and  he  was  a 
judge  of  the  Michigan  supreme  court 
from  1836  till  1843,  and  its  chief  justice 
from  July  18,  1843,  until  his  death.  He 
died  March  8,  1845,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

MORELL,  GEORGE  WEBB,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1815,  in  Coopers- 
town,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1861,  and  was  pro 
moted  major-general  of  volunteers.  He 
died  Feb.  12,  1883,  in  Scarborough,  N.  Y. 

MOREY,  CHARLES  ANSON,  educator, 
banker,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1851,  in 
Orange  county,  Vt.  He  nas  been  a  suc 
cessful  educator,  and  is  now  a  noted  law 
yer  and  banker  of  Winona,  Minn.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Normal  school  of 
Winona;  and  president  of  the  Winona 
Savings  bank. 

MOREY,  FRANK,  soldier,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  July  11,  1840,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  entered  the  army,  and 
served  principally 
on  staff  duty.  He 
settled  in  Louisiana 
in  1866,  and  engaged 
in  cotton  planting 
and  in  the  insurance 
business.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  as 
sembly  in  1868  and 
1869;  and  was  ap 
pointed  a  commis 
sioner  to  revise  the 
statutes  and  codes  of 
the  state.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-first,  forty-second, 
forty-third  and  forty-fourth  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

MOREY,  HENRY  LEE,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  8,  1841,  in 
Butler  county,  Ohio.  He  served  in  the 

union      army     from 

1861  to  1865,  attain 
ing  the  rank  of  cap 
tain.  He  studied 
law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1867, 
and  commenced 
practice  at  Hamil- 
ton,  Ohio.  In  1871 
In1  was  elected  city 
.solicitor  of  Hamil 
ton  to  nil  a  vacancy; 
and  was  re-elected 
for  the  term  of  two 
years.  He  was  elected  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  Butler  county  in  1873;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  and  fifty- 
first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

MORFIT,  CAMPBELL,  chemist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  19,  1820,  in  Herculaneum, 
Mo.  He  is  the  author  of  Practical  Trea 
tise  on  the  Making  of  Soaps;  Pure  Fer 
tilizers  and  Phosphates;  Arts  of  Tanning 
and  Currying;  and  Use  and  Manufacture 
of  Perfumery. 

MORFIT,  CLARENCE,  chemist,  author, 
was  born  May  16,  1828,  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  He  filled  the  office  of  assistant 
melter  and  refiner  in  the  United  States 
assay  office  in  New  York  city  for  seven 
years.  Meanwhile  he  was  also  associated 
with  his  brother  in  his  analytical  work 


in  New  York  city,  and  was  joint  author 
with  his  brother  of  the  second  edition  of 
Chemical  and  Pharmaceutical  Manipula 
tions. 

MORFORD,  HENRY,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  March  10,  1823,  in  New  Mon- 
mouth,  N.  J.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New 
York  city  who  wrote  a  number  of  novels, 
dramas  and  poems  of  ephemeral  merit. 
The  Bells  of  Shandon  is  his  best  known 
play,  and  among  his  novels  are,  Shoulder 
Straps;  Days  of  Shoddy;  Only  a  Com 
moner.  Other  works  are,  Rhymes  of 
Twenty  Years;  Rhymes  of  an  Editor; 
and  Sprees  and  Splashes.  He  died  May 
5,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

MORGAN,  ABEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1673  in  Wales.  He  was  a 
Welsh  baptist  minister  who  came  to  Phil 
adelphia  from  Wales  in  1712.  He  was  the 
author  of  Cyd  Gordiad,  a  Scripture  con 
cordance  published  in  1730,  the  second 
Welsh  book  printed  in  America.  He  died 
Dec.  16,  1722,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MORGAN,  ABNER,  soldier,  legislator, 
was  born  June  9,  1746,  in  Brimfield,  Mass. 
He  served  through  the  revolutionary  war; 
and  received  the  rank  of  major.  For 
eighteen  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  state  legislature.  He  died 
Nov.  7,  1837,  in  Lima,  N.  Y. 

MORGAN,  CHARLES  HALE,  soldier, 
was  born  Nov.  6,  1834,  in  Manlius,  N.  Y. 
He  was  breve'tted  brigadier-general, 
United  States  army,  in  1865,  for  services 
in  the  field  during  t.*e  war,  and  made  full 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  May, 
1865.  He  died  Dec.  20,  1875,  in  California. 

MORGAN,  CHARLES  HENRY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
July  5,  1842,  in  Allegany  county,  N.  Y. 
He  became  prosecuting  attorney  for  Ben- 
ton  county.  He  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fifth,  forty-eighth,  and  fifty-third 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

MORGAN,  CHRISTOPHER,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1808,  in  Groton, 
Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1839  to  1843; 
was  secretary  of  state  of  New  York  from 
1848  to  1852;  and  was  mayor  of  Auburn 
iu  1860. 

MORGAN,  DANIEL,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  about  1736  in  New  Jersey. 
In  1755  he  served  as  a  private  soldier  un 
der  General  Brad- 
dock.  In  1778  he 
commanded  a  corps 
on  the  Schuylkill  to 
cut  off  supplies  from 
the  British  in  Phila 
delphia;  served  in 
the  southern  cam 
paign  under  General 
Greene,  and  ad 
vanced  to  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general, 
receiving  from  con 
gress  a  gold  medal 
for  the  skill  and  bravery  he  displayed  at 
the  battle  of  Cowpens  in  the  defeat  of 
Tarleton.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1795  to  1799.  He  died  July 
6,  1802,  in  Winchester,  Va. 

MORGAN,  DAVID  BANISTER,  soldier, 
legislator,  was  born  in  1773,  in  West 
Springfield,  Mass.  He  removed  to  Louis 
iana  in  1803,  served  in  the  territorial  leg 
islature;  was  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention;  and  after  the  admis 
sion  of  Louisiana  to  the  union  was  iu  the 
state  legislature.  He  died  July  15,  1848, 
in  Covington,  La. 


MORGAN,  EDWIN  BARBER,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  philanthropist,  was. 
born  May  2,  1806,  in  Aurora,  N.  Y.  He 
was  elected  to  the  thirty-third  congress 
as  a  representative  from  New  York;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-fourth  and 
thirty-fifth  congresses.  He  Hied  Oct.  13, 
1881,  in  Aurora,  N.  Y. 

MORGAN,  EDWIN  DENNISON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  governor,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1811,  in  Washing 
ton,  Mass.  In  1849  he  was  chosen  an 
alderman  of  New  York  city;  during  the 
same  year  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate,  and  served  two  terms.  In  1858  he 
was  elected  governor  of  New  York,  and 
re-elected  in  1860.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed  major-general  of  volunteers,  and, 
although  he  rendered  much  service,  de 
clined  all  compensation.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  New 
York  for  the  term  ending  in  1869.  He 
died  Feb.  14,  1883,  in  New  York  city. 

MORGAN,  EDWIN  WRIGHT,  soldier, 
educator,  was  born  in  1814  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  From  1866  till  his  death  he  was 
professor  of  mathematics  in  Lehigh  uni 
versity.  He  died  April  16,  1869,  in  Beth 
lehem,  Pa. 

MORGAN,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1820,  in 
Washington,  Pa.  In  1843  he  settled  at 
Mount  Vernon,  Onio,  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law.  He  served  in  the 
Mexican  war  as  colonel  of  the  second 
Ohio  infantry,  and  for  his  services  at  the 
battles  of  Contreras  and  Churubusco  was 
brevetted  a  brigadier-general  in  the  regu 
lar  army.  In  1855  he  was  appointed  con 
sul  at  Marseilles.  In  1858  was  appointed 
minister  resident  at  Lisbon.  In  1866  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  fortieth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-first  and  forty-second 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

MORGAN,  GEORGE  WASHBOURNE, 
organist,  was  born  April  9,  1822,  in  Eng 
land.  He  has  been  organist  of  St.  Thom 
as'  and  Grace  episcopal  churches,  and  St. 
Ann's  and  St.  Stephen's  Roman  catholic 
churches,  and  of  the  Brooklyn  tabernacle. 
He  has  played  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States  with  much  success,  and 
since  1880  has  given  annual  organ  recitals 
at  Chickering  hall. 

MORGAN,  HELEN  CLARISSA,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1845,  in  Mason- 
ville,  N.  Y.  She  began  by  giving  instruc 
tion  in  Latin,  Greek  and  mathematics  in 
Fiske  school,  Ohio,  and  when  the  institu 
tion  had  become  firmly  established  she 
was  formally  given  the  professorship  of 
Latin,  thus  being  the  first  woman  to  oc 
cupy  a  professor's  chair  in  an  American 
co-educational  university. 

MORGAN,  HENRY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  7,  1825,  in  Newton,  Conn. 
He  was  a  once  prominent  methodist  min 
ister  and  lecturer  of  Boston;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Ned  Nevins,  me  Newsboy;  The 
Fallen  Priest;  Sketches  and  Sermons; 
The  Shadowy  Hand,  or  Life  Struggles; 
and  Boston  Inside  Out.  He  died  March 
23,  1884,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

MORGAN,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1811  to  1813. 

MORGAN,  JAMES  APPLETON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1850,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city, 
and  the  author  of  Laws  of  Literature; 
The  Shakespearean  Myth;  A  History  of 
the  Shakespeare  Text;  Some  Shake 
spearean  Commentators;  Shakespeare  in 
Fact  and  Criticism;  Venus  and  Adonis; 
A  Study  in  Warwickshire  Dialect;  and 
English  Version  of  Legal  Maxims. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


673 


MORGAN,    JAMES    BRAINERD,    jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  in  Berkeley  coun 
ty,  W.  Va.    In  1870  he  founded  the  Times 
of  Gerardstown,  W.  Va.,  of  which  publi 
cation  he  is  still  editor  and  owner      He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems,  some,  of  which   were   included   in 
Poets  of  America,  and  other  standard  na 
tional    collections.     He    has    been    grand 
secretary    of   the    Independent    Order    of 
Good  Templars;  and  is  prominent  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state,  and 
a  member  of  various  fraternal  orders.  Mr. 
Morgan    is    an    earnest    advocate   of    the 
temperance     reform,     and     has     written 
largely  in  both  prose  and  verse  in  its  be 
half.     In  the  Independent  Order  of  Good 
Templars  he   found  congenial   work   and 
merited    appreciation,    having    been    the 
secretary  of  the  grand  lodge  of  the  state 
for  the  past  ten  years  and  been  sent  sev 
eral    times   as    its    representative    in   the 
highest  legislative  body  of  the  order  in  tne 
world. 

MORGAN,  JAMES  BRIGHT,  soldier 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  14,  1835,  in  Lincoln  county, 
Tenn.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  of  Mississippi  in  1876-78;  and  in 
1878  was  appointed  chancellor  of  the 
third  chancery  district,  serving  four 
years.  He  was  grand  master  of  masons 
in  Mississippi;  and  in  1884  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Mississippi  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re-electeu 
to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as 
a  democrat. 

MORGAN,  JAMES  DADY,  soldier  was 
born  Aug.  1,  1810,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In 
1861  he  became  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
seventh  Illinois  regiment,  and  for  merit 
orious  services  was  promoted  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1862.  He  was 
breyetted  major-general  of  volunteers  in 
1865. 

MORGAN,  JAMES  HENRY,  man-of- 
affairs,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1853,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  founder  and  secre 
tary  general  of  the  Military  Order  of 
Foreign  Wars  of  the  United  States;  and 
is  president  of  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
company  of  New  York. 

MORGAN,  JOHN  HUNT,  soldier  was 
born  June  1,  1826,  in  Huntsville  Ala 
He  entered  the  confederate  army  as  cap 
tain  of  the  Kentucky  volunteers;  and  in 
1862  he  was  appointed  major-general  He 
died  Sept.  4,  1864,  in  Greenville  Tenn 

MORGAN,  JOHN  J.,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1769,  in  Queens 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly;  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1821  to 
1825;  and  again  in  the  assembly  in  1836 
and  1840.  He  died  July  29,  1849 

MORGAN,  JOHN  TYLER,  soldier,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  June 
20,  1824,  in  Athens,  Tenn.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1860  from  Alabama 
In  1861  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  con 
vention  called  to  consider  the  question  of 
secession.  He  entered  the  confederate 
army  in  that  year,  and  served  throughout 
the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  was  again  a  presidential 
elector  in  1876;  aud  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  for  six  years  from 
1877;  and  re-elected  in  1882,  1888  and 

-lot/-}.  i 

MORGAN,  LEWIS  HENRY,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1818,  in  Aurora, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  widely  known  as  an  ethnologist, 
and  the  author  of  League  of  the  Iroquois; 
Systems  of  Consanguinity  and  Affinity  of 
the  Human  Family;  The  American 
Beaver  and  His  Works;  Ancient  Society; 
and  Horses  and  Horse  Life  of  the  Amer 
ican  Aborigines.  He  died  Dec.  17,  1881  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 


MORGAN,  MAUD,  harpist,  was  born 
Nov.  22,  1864,  in  New  York  city.  She 
studied  music  with  her  father  and  with 
the  harpist  Alfred  Toulmin.  She  first 
appeared  in  1875  in  a  concert  with  Ole 
Bull.  She  possesses  good  technique  and 
has  been  well  received  in  New  York  and 
elsewhere. 

MORGAN,  MATTHEW  SOMERVILLE, 
artist,    author,   was   born  April   27,   1839, 
in    England.     He    was    associated     with 
Frank    C.    Burnand,    William    S.    Gilbert 
and  others,   in   the  establishment  of  the 
London   Fun,   and   a   volume  of   his  car 
toons   in   this   paper  has  been   published 
under  the  title  American  War  Cartoons. 
MORGAN,   MORrtiS   HICKY,   educator 
author,  was  born  in  1859  on  Long  Island 
He  is  a  professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  at 
Harvard    university,    and    the    author   of 
e  ignis  eliciendi  modis  apud  antiques- 
Dictionary  to  Xenbphon's  Anabasis;   and 
I  he  Art  of  Horsemanship  by  Xenophon 
a  translation  with  Essays  and  Notes. 

MORGAN,  PHILIP  HICKY,  lawyer  jur 
ist,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1825,  in  Baton 
Rouge,  La.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the 
second  district  court  of  New  Orleans  in 
1855;  and  served  by  re-election  until  1861. 
He  was  appointed  United  States  district 
attorney  for  the  eastern  district  of  Lou 
isiana;  resigned  and  was  appointed  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state  in  1873,  serving  until  1877. 

MORGAN,  THOMAS  J.,  soldier  was 
born  Aug.  17,  1839,  in  Franklin,  Ind.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war  and  attained 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  In  1891  he 
was  elected  commissioner  of  Indian  af 
fairs. 

MORGAN,  THOMAS  REES,  machinist 
inventor,  manufacturer,  was  born  March 
31,  1834,  in  Wales.     At  a  very  early  age 
he    developed    unus 
ual    mechanical   and 
inventive    talent; 
and  early  in  life  oc 
cupied  positions  as  a 
machinist  in  some  of 


in  congress  from  Virginia  from  1835  to 
1839.  In  1840  he  was  appointed  a  clerk 
in  the  house  of  representatives,  from 
which  position  he  was  transferred  to  the 
legislature  of  Virginia,  and  declined  a  re 
election.  He  was  a  democratic  elector  in 
1844. 

MORGAN,  WILLIAM,  artist,  was  born 
in  1826,  in  London,  England.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Art  union  and 
the  Artists'  Fund  society.  His  works  In 
clude  Emancipation;  The  Legend;  Song 
without  Words;  Motherhood;  Reverie; 
In  the  Hay-Loft;  Summer;  The  Sortie; 
Andante;  Blowing  Bubbles;  and  La  Man- 
dolinata. 

MORGAN,  WILLIAM  A.,  journalist  leg- 
slator,  was  born  March  7,  1840  in  Ire 
land.  For  three  years  he  was  a  soldier 
during  the  civil  war  in  the  twenty-third 
Kentucky  volunteer  infantry;  and  has 
served  as  a  representative  and  state  sena- 

*  in  the  Kansas  legislature. 

MORGAN,      WILLIAM      FERDINAND 
clergyman,    was    born    Dec     21     1817 

StarTh°l  C°n\    In  185?  he  was  <*»ed  lo 
1SRR    h  S  ChUrch'  New  York  city.    In 

1888    he    received    the    rectorship    of    St 
Thomas,  and  was  made  rector  emeritus  of 


MORIARTY,   JAMES   JOSEPH    clertrv 
man,   author,   was   born   Jan.    8,  'lS43    fn 
Ireland.     He  was  a  Roman  catholic  c'ler 


o    Wavsidp  uor 

Wayside  Pencillings;  Stumbling  Blocks 

made  Stepping  Stones  on  the  Way  to  the 

'      ait        AU  f°     Love;    «*  Tto 


J  >        the       largest       iron 
works  in  Cardiff.  In 
1865  he  emigrated  to 
America,       s  u  b  s  e- 
Quently    moving    to 
Pittsburg,   where   he 
engaged  in  manufac 
turing    steam    ham 
mers    and    other    special    machinery.    In 
he      moved      to     Alliance,      Ohio, 
where     he     has     continued     the     same 
business  on  a  very  extensive  scale      He 
gathered  around  him  hundreds  of  trained 
mechanics  and  draughtsmen,  the  various 
departments  of   the  factory   being  under 
the  charge  of  his  sons,   who   are  young 
men  of  decidedly  rare  ability.     The  Mor 
gan  Engineering  company  gives  employ 
ment   to  six   hundred   trained   workmen- 
J?e  machinei'y  Produced  being  mostly  of 
Mr.  Morgan's  own  designing,  and  is  large 
ly  covered  by  patents.    He  is  president  of 
the    City    Savings    bank    of    Alliance;     a 
director  of  the  Alliance  Bank  company- 
president  of  the  Alliance  board  of  trade : 
vice-president    of     the     Mutual     Electric 
Light   and   Power   company;    and   in   his 
department  of  business  is  one  of  the  beat 
informed    men    in    America.     He    is   one 
of  the  trustees  of  Mount  Union  college;  a 
member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Min 
ing  Engineers;  American  Institute  of  Me 
chanical  Engineers  of  the  United  States- 
and  a  member  of  the  Iron  and  Steel  In 
stitute     and     Mechanical     Engineers     of 
Great  Britain.    He  died  Sept.  6,  1897. 


43 


MORGAN,  WILLIAM,  public  official 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1801  in 
Virginia.  He  served  as  a  representative 


MORIARTY,  PATRICK  EUGENE   cler 

fr^S  awh°r'  W3S  b°rn  Jul^  4-  18'04-  in 
•i   A   Se  was  an  Augustinian  priest  of 
Philadelphia,  father  superior  of  his  order 

Life  nf  £'teAd  StateS;  and  the  auth°r  of 
187K  St  Augustine.  He  died  July  10, 
1*75,  in  Villanova,  Pa. 

MORISON,  JOHN  HOPKINS,  clergy 
man  author,  was  born  July  25,  1808  in 
Peterborough,  N.  H.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman,  pastor  at  Milton,  Mass.,  in 

rati  T  •  6  author  of  Life  of  Hon- 
»  A  M  tjeremiah  Smith;  Disquisitions 
and  Notes  on  the  Gospel  of  Saint  Mat 
thew;  and  The  Great  Poets  as  Religious 
Teachers.  He  died  in  1896. 

MORISON,  NATHANIEL  HOLMES  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1815,  in  Peter 
borough,  N.  H.  In  1867  he  accepted  the 
provostship  of  Peabody  institute  Balti 
more,  the  duties  of  which,  although  light 
are  important.  He  died  Nov.  15,  1890  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

MORISON,  ROBERT  BROWN,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  March  13  1851  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  In  1884  he  began  the  prac 
tice  of  dermatology  in  Baltimore  being 
the  first  physician  in  that  city  to  take  up 
that  specialty  exclusively. 

MORLEY,  EDWARD  WILLIAMS 
chemist,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1838,  in  New 
ark,  N.  J.  His  original  works  include  a 
series  of  measurements  prepared  for  the 
purpose  of  showing  precision  in  the  mi- 
crometric  readings  of  graduations. 

MORPHIS,  JOSEPH  L.,  soldier,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  April  17 
1831,  in  McNairy  county,  Tenn.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Tennessee  state  legisla 
ture  in  1859.  He  moved  to  Mississippi  in 
1863;  and  was  elected  to  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  of  Mississippi  in 
1865.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1866-68;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-first  and  forty-second  congresses  as 
a  republican. 


674 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MORRELL,  BENJAMIN,  navigator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1795,  in  Worcester  coun 
ty,  Mass.  He  was  a  navigator  who  pub 
lished  a  noted  Narrative  of  Four  Voyages 
to  the  South  Seas.  He  died  in  1839. 

MORRELL,  DANIEL  J.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1821,  in 
North  Berwick.  Maine.  He  served  for  a 
time  in  the  councils  of  Johnstown,  Pa.; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  fortieth  and  forty- 
first  congresses  as  a  republican.  In  1875 
he  was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  the 
centennial  exhibition. 

MORRELL,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  was  born  March  22,  1786,  in 
Lenox,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  in  Coop- 
erstown,  N.  Y. ;  and  was  appointed  first 
judge  of  Otsego  county  court  in  1827.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  in  1829; 
and  was  reappointed  judge  in  1832.  He 
was  United  States  judge  of  Michigan  ter 
ritory  from  1832  to  1836;  judge  of  the 
superior  court  of  Michigan  from  1836  to 
1843;  and  chief  justice  from  July  18,  1843. 
to  1845.  He  died  March  8,  1845,  in  De 
troit,  Mich. 

MORRELL,  IMOGENE  ROBINSON, 
artist,  was  born  in  Attleboro,  Mass.  She 
painted  a  Historical  Portrait  of  General 
John  A.  Dix,  which  was  afterward  pur 
chased  for  the  capitol  at  Washington; 
and  portraits  of  Howell  Cobb  and  John  C. 
Spencer,  ex-secretaries  of  the  United 
States  treasury.  Her  two  large  historical 
picture^,  Washington,  and  the  Battle  of 
the  Puritans  have  been  highly  praised 
both  in  this  country  and  in  France. 

MORRELL,  THOMAS,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1747,  in  New  York 
city.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  had 
been  fifty-three  years  a  preacher  of  the 
gospel,  and  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
American  methodism.  He  died  Aug.  9, 
1838,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 

MORRIL,  DAVID  LAWRENCE,  physi 
cian,  state  senator,  United  States  senator, 
governor,  was  born  June  10,  1772,  in  Ep- 
ping,  N.  H.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  general  court  of  New  Hampshire  in 
1811,  1812,  and  1816;  and  in  1816  was 
chosen  to  the  United  States  senate  for  six 
years.  He  subsequently  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate,  and  its  president. 
Afterwards,  for  four  successive  terms,  he 
was  elected  governor  of  New  Hampshire. 
He  died  Jan.  28,  1849,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

MORRILL,  AMOS,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Aug.  25,  1809,  in  Salisbury,  Mass. 
In  1867  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Texas;  and  cho 
sen  chief  justice  of  the  court.  In  1873  he 
was  commissioned  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  the  eastern  dis 
trict  of  Texas. 

MORRILL,  ANSON  PEASLEE,  manu 
facturer,  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  10,  1803,  in  Belgrade,  Maine. 
He  was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the 
Maine  legislature;  was  governor  of 
Maine  in  1855;  and  in  1860  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Maine  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress.  He  died  July  4,  1887, 
in  Augusta,  Maine. 

MORRILL,  EDMUND  N.,  legislator, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
12,  1834,  in  Westbrook,  Maine.  In  1856 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  school 
board  of  Westbrook.  In  1857  he  moved  to 
Brown  county,  Kan.;  and  in  October  of 
that  year  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  first  free  state  legislature  elected  in 
that  territory.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  legislature  under 
the  Lecompton  constitution;  and  in  1872 
was  elected  a  state  senator,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1876.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Kansas  to  the  forty-eighth 


congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  and  fifty-first  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

MORRILL,  JUSTIN  SMITH,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  author,  was 
born  April  14,  1810,  in  Stratford,  Vt.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ver 
mont  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-fifth,  thirty- 
sixth,  thirty-seventh,  thirty-eighth,  and 
thirty-ninth  congresses.  In  1866  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  Ver 
mont  for  the  term  commencing  in  1867; 
and  was  re-elected  in  1872,  in  1878,  in  1884, 
in  1890,  and  in  1896.  He  is  the  author  of 
Self-Consciousness  of  Noted  Persons. 

MORRILL,  LOT  MYRICK,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  United  States  senator,  governor, 
was  born  May  3,  1813,  in  Belgrade,  Maine. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  legisla 
ture  in  1854;  of  the  senate  in  1856,  and 
made  its  president.  He  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Maine  in  1858,  and  re-elected  in 
1859  and  1860.  In  1861  he  was  elected  a 
senator  in  congress  to  fill  a  \acancy.  He 
was  also  elected  United  States  senator  to 
succeed  William  P.  Fessenden,  for  the 
term  ending  in  1877;  and  resigned  in  1876 
to  accept  the  office  of  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  in  the  cabinet  of  President 
Grant,  serving  until  1877.  He  was  then 
appointed  collector  of  the  port  of  Port 
land,  Maine.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1883,  in 
Augusta,  Maine. 

MORRILL,  SAMUEL  P.,  clergyman, 
public  official,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  11,  1816,  in  Chesterville,  Maine.  In 
1857  he  was  elected  for  five  years  register 
of  deeds  for  Franklin  county,  Maine;  and 
re-elected  to  the  same  office  in  1867.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Maine  to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

MORRIS,  BENJAMIN  WISTAR,  bishop, 
was  born  May  30,  1819,  in  Wellsborough, 
Pa.  He  was  consecrated  missionary  bish 
op  of  Oregon  and  Washington  territory 
in  1868. 

MORRIS,  CALVARY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1837  to 
1844. 

MORRIS,  CASPAR,  physician,  author, 
poet,  was  born  May  2,  1805,  in  Philadel 
phia.  He  was  a  noted  Philadelphia  physi 
cian;  and  the  author  of  Life  of  William 
Wilberforce;  Lectures  on  Scarlet  Fever; 
Hospital  Construction;  and  Heart  Voices 
and  Home  Songs.  He  died  March  16,  1884, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MORRIS,  CHARLES,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  1,  1833,  in  Chester,  Pa.  He 
is  an  earnest  student  of  general  science, 
and  an  active  member  of  the  academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
Is  the  author  of  A  Manual  of  Classical 
Literature;  The  Aryan  Race;  and  Civi 
lization.  He  has  also  published  compila 
tions  of  Half  Hours  with  the  Best  Ameri 
can  Authors,  in  eighteen  volumes;  His 
torical  Tales,  in  six  volumes;  Tales  from 
the  Dramatists;  and  a  History  of  the 
United  States  for  school  purposes. 

MORRIS,  CHARLES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1783  to  1784. 

MORRIS,  CHARLES,  naval  officer,  was 
born  July  26,  1784,  in  Woodstock,  Conn. 
He  served  during  the  war  with  Tripoli  in 
1801-05;  and  during  1816-17  commanded 
the  naval  forces  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
He  filled  numerous  offices;  was  commis 
sioned  to  inspect  the  dock-yards  of  Eng 
land  and  France;  for  many  years  had 
supervision  of  the  Naval  academy.  He 
died  Jan.  27,  1856,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


MORRIS,  CHARLES  D'URBAN,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1827,  in 
England.  He  was  an  educator  who  was 
professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  Johns 
Hopkins  university  in  1876;  and  the  au 
thor  of  A  Compendious  Grammar  of  Attic 
Greek;  Compendious  Grammar  of  the  Lat 
in  Language;  and  Principia  Latina.  He 
died  Feb.  7,  1886,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

MORRIS,  CLARA,  actress,  was  born 
about  1846,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  She  made 
her  debut  upon  the  stage  at  the  age  of 
fifteen.  Her  great  success  has  been  in  the 
representation  of  strongly  emotional 
scenes. 

MORRIS,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1812, 
in  Seneca  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  at  one 
time  district  attorney  for  Yates  county; 
and  served  one  term  in  the  New  York 
state  legislature.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

MORRIS,  EDMUND,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  28,  1804,  in  Burlington,  N. 
J.  He  was  a  journalist  and  agricultural 
writer  of  Burlington,  N.  J.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Ten  Acres  Enough;  How  to  Get  a 
Farm  and  Where  to  Find  One;  and  Farm 
ing  for  Boys.  He  died  May  4,  1874,  in 
Burlington,  N.  J. 

MORRIS,  EDWARD  JOY,  legislator, 
diplomat,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
July  15,  1815,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives  of  Pennsyhania  in  1841-43;  and  was 
elected  to  the  twenty-eighth  congress  as 
representative  from  the  first  congressional 
district.  On  his  return  to  Philadelphia 
he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  board  of 
directors  of  Girard  college;  and  in  1856 
was  again  elected  to  the  state  legislature. 
In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  elected 
to  the  thirty-fifth  congress.  He  was  the 
author  of  A  Tour  Through  Turkey,  Greece 
and  Egypt;  The  Turkish  Empire,  Social 
and  Political;  Afraja,  or  Life  and  Love  in 
Norway;  and  Corsica,  Social  and  Politi 
cal.  He  died  Dec.  31,  1881,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

MORRIS,  EDWIN  DAFYDD,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  31, 
1825,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
minister  and  educator,  professor  of  theol 
ogy  in  Lane  seminary  since  1874;  and  the 
author  of  Outlines  of  Christian  Doctrine; 
Ecclesiology;  Salvation  After  Death;  and 
A  Defense  of  Lane  Seminary. 

MORRIS,  MRS.  EUGENIA  LAURA 
[TUTTLE],  author,  was  born  in  1833  in 
Connecticut.  She  is  a  writer  of  New  Ha 
ven;  and  the  author  of  A  Spinster's  Leaf 
lets;  A  Hilltop  Summer;  and  Aunt  Billy. 

MORRIS,  FRANCIS,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1842  in  New  York.  He  served  in 
the  United  States  navy  during  the  civil 
war,  attaining  for  meritorious  services  the 
rank  of  commodore.  He  died  Feb.  12, 
1883,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

MORRIS,  FREEMAN  P.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  19,  1854,  in  Cook 
county,  111.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  Blue  Island  High  school,  the  Cook 
County  Normal  school,  and  the  North 
western  university.  He  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Watseka,  111.,  where  for  many 
years  he  has  been  president  of  the  board 
of  education.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  thirty-fourth,  thirty-sixth,  thirty- 
eighth,  thirty-ninth,  and  fortieth  general 
assemblies  of  the  Illinois  state  legislature, 
and  served  as  chairman  of  the  joint  and 
house  caucus  for  three  sessions.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention  in  1896;  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Illinois  National  guard,  with  rank  of  col 
onel. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


675 


MORRIS,  GEORGE  POPE,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1802,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  journalist  of 

. New  York  city;    and 

assisted  in  founding 
The  New  York  Mir 
ror,  and  The  Home 
Journal.  He  was  fa 
mous  as  a  song 
writer,  and  now 
chiefly  remembered 
for  such  poems  as 
My  Mother's  Bible; 
Woodman,  Spare 
that  Tree.  He  was 
for  many  years  edi 
tor  of  The  Home 
Journal,  and  one  of  the  prominent  literary 
figures  of  the  metropolis.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Briarcliff,  a  drama;  The  Little 
Frenchman;  and  Poems.  He  died  July 
6,  1864,  in  New  York  city. 

MORRIS,  GEORGE  SYLVESTER,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1840,  in 
Norwich,  Vt.  He  was  an  educator  and 
philosophical  writer,  who  was  professor  at 
the  university  of  Michigan  in  1870.  He 
was  the  author  of  British  Thought  and 
Thinkers;  Kant's  Critique  of  Pure  Rea 
son,  a  Critical  Exposition;  Philosophy 
and  Christianity;  and  Hegel's  Philosophy 
of  the  State  and  of  History.  He  died  in 
1889. 

MORRIS,  GOUVERNEUR,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  31,  1752,  in  Morrisania,  N.  Y. 
In  1775  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  provin 
cial  congress  from  New  York,  and  signed 
the  articles  of  confederation.  He  was  a 
commissioner  to  England  in  1789;  was 
the  second  president  of  the  New  York 
Historical  society;  and  in  1792  was  ap 
pointed  minister  to  France,  and  remained 
in  that  capacity  till  1794.  In  1800  he  was 
chosen  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  New  York,  serving  three  years.  He 
was  the  author  of  Observations  on  the 
American  Revolution;  and  selections, 
etc.  He  died  Nov.  6,  1816,  in  Morrisania, 
N.  Y. 

MORRIS,  HARRISON  SMITH,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1856  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  Duet  in  Lyrics 
(verse,  with  J.  A.  Henry);  Madonna,  and 
Other  Poems.  He  has  edited  Tales  from 
Ten  Poets;  In  the  Yule  Log  Glow;  and 
Where  Meadows  Meet  the  Sea,  and  an 
edition  of  Lamb's  Tales  from  Shakes 
peare  with  a  continuation  and  completion. 

MORRIS,  HERBERT  WILLIAM,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  21,  1818,  in 
Wales.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman; 
since  1877  retired  from  the  ministry  and 
devoted  to  literary  pursuits.  He  is  the 
author  of  Science  and  the  Bible;  Present 
Conflict  of  Science  with  Religion;  The 
Testimony  of  the  Ages;  The  Celestial 
Symbol  Interpreted;  and  Natural  Law 
and  Gospel  Teachings. 

MORRIS,  ISAAC  NEWTON,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  22,  1812,  in  Bethel,  Ohio.  In  1841  he 
was  chosen  president  of  the  Illinois  and 
Michigan  Canal  company;  and  in  1846  was 
elected  to  the  .state  legislature  from 
Adams  county.  In  1856  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Illinois  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  In  1869  Jhe  was  appointed 
a  commissioner  for  the  Pacific  railroad. 

MORRIS,  JAMES  CHESTON,  physician, 
author,  was  born  May  28,  1831,  in  Phila 
delphia.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  physician; 
and  the  author  of  The  Milk  Supply  of 
Large  Cities;  The  Water  Supply  of  Phila 
delphia;  and  Annals  of  Hygiene. 


MORRIS,  JAMES  R.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1820,  in 
Greene  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress  in  1843  and  1845.  Having  be 
come  a  resident  of  Ohio  he  was  in  1848 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  that  state. 
In  1860  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress; 
and  in  1862  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress. 

MORRIS,  JOHN  GOTTLIEB,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1803,  in  York, 
Pa.  He  was  a  noted  lutheran  divine  of 
Baltimore,  founder  of  The  Lutheran  Ob 
server,  and  long  professor  of  natural  his 
tory  in  the  university  of  Maryland.  He 
was  the  author  of  Catechumen's  and  Com 
municant's  Companion;  Popular  Exposi 
tion  of  the  Gospels;  Life  of  John  Arndt; 
Life  of  Catherine  de  Bora;  The  Blind  Girl 
of  Wittenberg;  Fifty  Years  in  the  Luth 
eran  Ministry;  The  Diet  of  Augsburg; 
Journeys  of  Luther;  Luther  at  Wartburg 
andCoburg;  and  Lutheran  Doctrine  of  the 
Lord's  Supper. 

MORRIS,  JOHN  VICTOR,  clergyman, 
was  born  May  23,  1863,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  In  1889  he  graduated  from  the  Ad 
rian  college,  Mich.  He  filled  pastorates 
in  Ohio  for  two  years;  and  since  1893 
has  filled  pastorates  in  Nebraska  and 
Kansas.  He  is  a  member  of  the  north 
western  Kansas  conference  of  the  metho- 
dist  episcopal  church. 

MORRIS,  JONATHAN  D.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1804  in  Clermont 
county.  Ohio.  He  served  for  twenty  years 
as  clerk  of  the  court  of  common  pleas, 
and  of  the  superior  court  of  Clermont 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Ohio  from  1849  to  1851.  He 
died  May  16,  1875,  in  Connersville,  Ind. 

MORRIS,  JOSEPH,  merchant,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1795. 
in  Greene  county,  Pa.  In  1824  he  was 
elected  sheriff  of  his  native  county.  In 
1829  he  removed  to  Ohio  and  devoted  him 
self  to  merchandising.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1833  and  1834; 
and  was  treasurer  of  Monroe  county  for 
one  year.  He  was  elected  to  congress  in 
1843,  and  re-elected  in  1845,  serving  two 
entire  terms.  He  died  Oct.  23,  1854,  in 
Woodsfield,  Ohio. 

MORRIS,  LEWIS,  jurist,  legislator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1671  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  chief  justice  of  New  York  and 
New  Jersey  for  several  years;  state  coun 
cillor  from  1710  to  1738,  acting  governor 
in  1731;  and  governor  of  New  Jersey  from 
1738  till  his  death.  He  died  May  21,  1746, 
in  Kingsbury,  N.  J. 

MORRIS,  LEWIS,  signer  of  the  decla 
ration  of  independence,  was  born  in  1726 
in  Morrisania,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  New, York  to  the  continental 
congress  from  1775  to  1777;  was  one  of 
the  signers  of  the  declaration  of  indepen 
dence;  and  served  in  the  legislature  of 
New  York.  He  was  also  in  the  field,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  major-general  of  mi 
litia.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1798,  in  New  York. 

MORRIS,  LEWIS  R.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1757.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Vermont  from  1797  to  1803. 
He  died  in  1825. 

MORRIS,  MATHIAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1785.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1835  to 
1839.  He  died  Nov.  9,  1839,  in  Doyles- 
town,  Pa. 

MORRIS,  MOSES,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
was  born  Nov.  8,  1799,  in  Pittsfield,  N.  H. 
In  1839  he  was  elected  to  the  New  Hamp 
shire  state  senate;  re-elected  in  1847,  and 
held  this  position  until  his  death.  He  died 
Jan.  11,  1855,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


MORRIS,  PAGE,  educator,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  June  30,  1853, 
in  Lynchburg,  Va.  In  1873  he  was  ap 
pointed  professor  of  mathematics  in  the 
Texas  Military  institute,  and  removed  to 
Austin,  Tex.;  and  in  1876  was  elected  pro 
fessor  of  applied  mathematics  in  the  Ag 
ricultural  and  Mechanical  college  of  Tex 
as,  located  near  Bryan,  in  that  state, 
where  h,e  remained  for  three  years.  In 
1889  he  was  elected  municipal  judge  of  the 
city  of  Duluth;  in  1894  was  elected  by  the 
city  council  of  Duluth  city  attorney;  and 
in  1895  was  appointed  by  the  governor 
district  judge  of  the  eleventh  judicial 
district  of  Minnesota.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

MORRIS,  PHINEAS  PEMBERTON, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  May  2,  1817,  in 
Bucks  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Philadelphia,  professor  of  law  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  since  1862;  and 
the  author  of  The  Law  of  Replevin;  and 
Mining  Rights  in  Pennsylvania. 

MORRIS,  RAMSAY,  actor,  author,  was 
born  in  January,  1858,  in  New  York.  He 
is  an  actor  and  playwright  of  New  York 
city.  He  dramatized  his  own  novel,  Cruci 
fy  Him,  with  the  title,  The  Tigress. 

MORRIS.  ROBERT,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  Jan. 
20,  1734,  in  England.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  congress  of 
1776,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  signed  the 
declaration  of  inde 
pendence,  and  also 
the  articles  of  confed 
eration.  In  1781  he  ob 
tained  the  control  of 
the  American  finan 
ces,  and  rendered  im 
portant  services  to 
his  adopted  country. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  which 
framed  the  present  constitution,  and 
signed  that  instrument.  He  was  chosen 
a  United  States  senator,  serving  from 
1789  to  1795.  He  died  May  8  1806  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MORRIS,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1745.  He  was  chief  justice  of  New 
Jersey  during  the  revolution,  and  a  United 
States  judge  of  the  district  court  from 
1789  to  1815.  He  died  May  2,  1815,  in 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

MORRIS,  ROBERT,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  31,  1818,  in  Massachusetts.  He  was 
a  writer  of  Lagrange,  Ky.;  and  the  author 
of  History  of  the  Morgan  Affair;  Lights 
and  Shadows  of  Freemasonry;  Code  of 
Masonic  Law;  History  of  Freemasonry  in 
Kentucky;  Freemasonry  in  the  Holy 
Land;  and  The  Poetry  of  "Freemasonry. 
He  died  July  31,  1888,  in  Lagrange,  Ky. 

MORRIS,  ROBERT  HUNTER,  jurist, 
governor,  was  born  about  1700  in  Mor 
risania,  N.  Y.  He  was  justice  of  New 
Jersey  in  1738-64;  member  of  the  coun 
cil  of  New  Jersey  in  1738;  and  governor 
of  Pennsylvania  from  1754  to  1756.  He 
died  Jan.  27,  1764,  in  Shrewsbury,  N.  Y. 

MORRIS,  ROBERT  TUTTLE,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  May  14,  1857,  in 
Seymour,  Conn.  He  is  an  optimistic  phil 
osopher  and  one  of  the  rising  surgeons  of 
New  York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  works.  His  best  writings  are 
those  on  scientific  and  medical  subjects. 

MORRIS,  SAMUEL  WELLS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  1, 
1786,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  for 
many  years  judge  of  the  district  court 
of  Tioga  county,  Pa.;  and  was  a  member 
of  the  house  of  representatives  in  con 
gress  from  1837  to  1841.  He  died  May  25, 
1847,  in  Wellsborough,  Pa. 


C76 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MORRIS,  THOMAS,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  3,  1776,  in  Augusta  county,  Va.  In 
1806  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
Ohio,  and  represented  Clermont  county, 
either  in  the  senate  or  house,  for  a  period 
of  twenty-four  years,  doing  much  to  de 
velop  the  resources  of  his  adopted  state. 
He  was  chief  judge  of  Ohio;  and  was  elect 
ed  a  senator  in  congress  for4the  long 
term  from  1833  to  1839.  He  died  Dec.  7, 
1844,  in  Bethel,  Ohio. 

MORRIS,  THOMAS,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  for  three  years  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly  from 
Ontario  county;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1801  to  1803. 

MORRIS,  THOMAS  A.,  civil  engineer, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Dec.  26, 
1811,  in  Nicholas  county,  Ky.  When  the 
civil  war  broke  out 
he  was  appointed 
quartermaster  -  gen 
eral.  From  1866  to 
1869  he  was  presi 
dent  and  chief  engin 
eer  of  the  Indian 
apolis  and  St.  Louis 
railroad,  building  the 
road  from  Terre 
Haute  to  Indianapo 
lis.  From  1869  to 
1872  he  was  receiver 
of  the  Indianapolis, 
Cincinnati  and  Lafayette  railroad,  and  in 
1877  he  was  appointed  as  one  of  the  com 
missioners  to  select  plans  and  superin 
tend  the  construction  of  the  new  state  cap- 
itol. 

MORRIS,  THOMAS  ASBURY.  bishop, 
author,  was  born  April  28,  1794,  near 
Charlestown,  Va.  He  was  a  methodist 
bishop  in  Ohio;  and  the  author  of  Church 
Polity;  Essays,  etc.;  and  Sketches  of 
Western  Methodism.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1874, 
in  Springfield,  Ohio. 

MORRIS,  THOMAS  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1837,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  was  appointed  United  States  district 
judge  for  the  district  of  Maryland  in  1879. 

MORRIS,  THOMAS  J.,  clergyman,  phi 
losopher,  author,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1843, 
in  Mariana,  Fla.  He  graduated  from  the 
university  of  the  South  of  Sewanee, 
Tenn.;  and  for  many  years  was  a  suc 
cessful  clergyman  of  the  episcopal 
church.  For  the  past  ten  years  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the  study  of  the  philos 
ophy  of  life;  and  is  the  author  of  Ideal 
Life,  which  is  devoted  to  the  elevation  of 
humanity  through  the  evolution  of  the 
mind. 

MORRIS,  THOMAS  P.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1857,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  In  1868  he  moved  to  Texas,  and  is 
now  a  successful  lawyer  in  Stockdale.  He 
has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace;  for  four 
teen  years  postmaster;  and  has  filled  vari 
ous  other  positions  of  trust. 

MORRIS,  WILLIAM  HOPKINS,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  April  22,  1826,  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  brigadier-general  of  the 
United  States  volunteers  in  the  civil  war, 
and  was  brevetted  major-general.  He 
is  the  author  of  Field  Tactics  for  In 
fantry;  and  Infantry  Tactics. 

MORRISON,  CHARLES  ROBERT,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  in  1819  in 
New  Hampshire.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Con 
cord,  N.  H.;  and  the  author  of  Digest  of 
New  Hampshire  Reports;  Probate  Direc 
tory;  Justice  and  Sheriff  and  Attorney's. 
Assistant;  Town  Officer;  Digest  of  Com 
mon-School  Laws;  and  Proofs  of  Christ's 
Resurrection  from  a  Lawyer's  Standpoint. 
He  died  Sept.  15,  1893. 


MORRISON,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1809,  in 
Fairlee,  Vt.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1850 
to  1851,  and  again  from  1853  to  1855. 

MORRISON,  JAMES,  army  contractor, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  1755  in  Cum 
berland  county,  Pa.  In  1792  he  moved  to 
Lexington,  Ky.  There  he  became  suc 
cessively  land  commissioner,  representa- 
ti\e  in  the  legislature,  supervisor  of  the 
revenue,  navy  agent,  contractor  for  the 
northwestern  army  during  the  war  of 
1812,  quartermaster-general,  president  of 
the  Lexington  branch  of  the  United  States 
bank,  and  chairman  of  the  board  of  trus 
tees  of  Transylvania  university.  He  died 
April  23,  1823,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MORRISON,  JAMES  DOW,  missionary 
bishop  of  Duluth,  Minn.,  was  born  Oct.  16, 
1844,  in  Waddington,  N.  Y.  In  1896  he 
was  unanimously  elected  by  the  house  of 
bishops  to  the  missionary  jurisdiction  of 
Duluth,  and  was  consecrated  on  Feb.  2, 
1897,  in  All  Saints'  cathedral,  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

MORRISON,  JAMES  L.  D.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Illinois.  He  was  elected  to  the  senate 
of  Illinois  in  1854;  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  during 
the  third  session  of  the  thirty-fourth  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

MORRISON,  JOHN  A.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1851  to  1853. 

MORRISON,  LEONARD  ALLISON, 
state  senator,  antiquarian,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  21,  1843,  in  Windham,  N.  H. 
During  1885-87  he  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire  house  of  representatives; 
and  a  state  senator  in  1887-89.  He  is  the 
author  of  History  of  the  Morison  or  Mor 
rison  Family ;  History  of  Wyndham  in 
New  Hampshire;  Rambles  in  Europe, 
with  Historical  Facts  Relating  to  Scotch- 
American  Families;  Among  the  Scotch- 
Irish;  The  Norris  Family  in  America; 
The  Allison  Family;  The  Sinclair  Fam 
ily;  and  other  genealogical  works. 

MORRISON,  ROBERT,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1842,  in  Cleve 
land,  Tenn.  Since  1890  he  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  Kymulga  and  Coosa  River 
railroad. 

MORRISON,  WILLIAM,  explorer,  was 
born  in  1785  in  Montreal,  Canada.  He 
made  extensive  explorations  in  the  north 
west  territory  while  in  charge  of  John 
Jacob  Astor's  fur  trade  in  Canada.  He 
rendered  many  important  services  to  ge 
ography,  and  was  the  first  white  man  who 
explored  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi 
river.  He  died  Aug.  7,  1866,  on  Morri 
son  Island. 

MORRISON,  WILLIAM  RALLS,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1825,  in  Monroe 
county,  111.  In  1852  he  was  chosen  clerk 
of  Monroe  county,  111.,  which  office  he  re 
signed  to  go  into  the  state  legislature, 
where  he  served  three  years;  and  was 
speaker  of  the  house  in  1859.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  re-elected 
to  the  forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a 
democrat.  In  1887  he  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  inter-state  railroad  com 
mission. 

MORRISON,  WILLARD  LA  GRANGE, 
educator,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1859,  in  Alpha, 
Ind.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  educators 
of  his  native  state,  and  is  now  superin 


tendent  of  public  schools  of  Scott  county, 
Ind. 

MORRISSEY,  JOHN,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1831,  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  fortieth  and  forty- 
first  congresses;  and  in  1875  was  elected 
to  the  senate  of  New  York.  He  died  May 
1,  1878. 

MORROW,  JEREMIAH,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  6,  1771,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  territorial 
legislature  in  1800;  and  was  the  first  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Ohio,  serv 
ing  from  1803  to  1813.  He  was  a  senator 
in  congress  from  1813  to  1819;  and  in  1814 
was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  treat 
with  the  Indians.  In  1821  he  was  a  presi 
dential  elector;  and  was  governor  of  Ohio 
from  1822  to  1826.  He  was  elected  to 
congress  in  1840  to  fill  a  vacancy  and 
served  until  1843.  He  died  March  22,  1852, 
in  Warren  county. 

MORROW,  NESTOR,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Sept.  11,  1850,  in  Kaufman  coun 
ty,  Texas.  For  four  years  he  was  county 
attorney  of  his  native  county;  and  for 
four  years  served  as  county  judge.  He  is 
a  successful  lawyer  of  Kaufman,  Texas; 
and  for  two  years  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  managers  of  the  North  Texas 
Insane  asylum. 

MORROW,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  July  15,  1843, 
near  Milton,  Ind.  He  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Illinois  in  1845;  and  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1859.  He  was  appointed  assist 
ant  United  States  attorney  for  California 
in  1870.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  and  re-elected  in  1886  and 
in  1888.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
district  judge  for  the  northern  district  of 
California  by  President  Harrison  in  1891; 
and  United  States  circuit  judge  for  the 
ninth  judicial  circuit  by  President  Mc- 
Kinley  in  1897. 

MORSE,  ABNER,  clergyman,  genealo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1793,  in 
Medway,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  and  genealogist  of  Sharon, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Memorial  of  the 
Morses;  Genealogy  of  Early  Planters  in 
Massachusetts;  and  Descendants  of  Sev 
eral  Ancient  Puritans.  He  died  May  16, 
1865,  in  Sharon,  Mass. 

MORSE,  ALPHEUS  CARY,  artist,  arch 
itect,  was  born  June  3,  1818,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  the  builder  of  the  Rhode 
Island  hospital  and  Sale's  Memorial  hall 
of  Providence.  Early  in  life  he  became 
well  known  as  an  artist  in  portraiture, 
chiefly  in  crayon;  but  later  in  life  he  de 
voted  himself  almost  wholly  to  architect 
ure. 

MORSE,  MRS.  CHARLOTTE  DUN 
NING  [WOOD],  author,  was  born  in  1858 
in  New  York.  She  is  a  novelist;  and  the 
author  of  Upon  a  Cast,  a  society  novel; 
A  Step  Aside;  and  Cabin  and  Gondola. 

MORSE,  DAVID  APPLETON,  physi 
cian,  journalist,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1840,  in 
Ellsworth,  Ohio.  In  1877  he  was  called 
to  Columbus,  Ohio,  where  he  has  since 
held  the  professorship  of  nervous  disor 
ders  and  insanity  in  Starling  Medical  col 
lege  and  the  post  of  physician  to  Colum 
bus  Hospital  for  the  Insane.  He  is  editor 
of  the  department  of  nervous  disorders 
and  insanity  in  the  Lancet  and  Observer. 

MORSE,  EDWARD  SYLVESTER,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  June  18,  1838,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  He  is  an  eminent  biolo 
gist  of  Salem,  Mass.,  who  has  published 
First  Book  on  Zoology;  Japanese 
Homes,  and  many  scientific  papers. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


677 


MORSE,  ELIJAH  ADAMS,  soldier,  man 
ufacturer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  25,  1841,  in  South  Bend,  Ind. 
In  1876  he  entered 
public  life  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachu 
setts  state  legisla 
ture;  and  since  that 
time  has  served  in 
the  senate,  the  gov 
ernor's  council,  and 
has  four  times  been 
elected  a  member  of 
congress.  He  served 
as  a  soldier  during 
the  civil  war;  for 
three  months  under 
Gen.  Butler  in  Virginia;  one  year  as  a  cor 
poral  under  Gen.  Banks  in  Louisiana;  and 
was  taken  prisoner  at  the  capture  of 
Brashear  City,  La.  He  is  a  successful 
business  man  and  extensive  manufactur 
er;  and  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Rising 
Sun  Black  Lead  works  of  Canton,  Mass., 
manufacturers  of  the  famous  Rising  Sun 
stove  polish.  His  service  in  the  United 
States  house  of  representatives  was  in 
the  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third  and 
fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  republican, 
declining  the  re-election  to  the  fifty-fifth. 
MORSE,  FRANK  EUGENE,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1856,  in 
Bradford,  Mass.  For  many  years  he  was 
a  teacher  of  vocal  music  in  the  Conserva 
tory  and  the  Wellesley  College  School  of 
Music.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
compositions;  and  the  compiler  and  pub 
lisher  of  the  Musician's  Calendar. 

MORSE,  FREEMAN  H.,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1807, 
in  Bath,  Maine.  He  was  in  the  Maine 
legislature  from  1840  to  1844,  and  also 
in  1853  and  1856;  and  was  mayor  of 
Bath  for  three  years.  He  was  elected  to 
congress  in  1843,  serving  one  term;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress  from  Maine;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  peace  congress  of 
1861;  and  was  appointed  by  President 
Lincoln  consul  at  London. 

MORSE,  HARMON  NORTHRUP,  chem 
ist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1848,  in 
Cambridge,  Vt.  In  1876  he  became  asso 
ciate  professor  of  chemistry  and  sub-di 
rector  of  the  chemical  laboratory  at  Johns 
Hopkins.  His  papers  number  about  twen 
ty-five,  and  have  appeared  in  the  Ameri 
can  Chemical  Journal. 

MORSE,  HENRY  DUTTON,  diamond- 
cutter,  inventor,  was  born  April  20,  1826, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1869  he  established 
his  fame  as  a  diamond-cutter  by  the  skill 
that  he  displayed  in  the  treatment  of  a 
fifty-carat  stone  found  in  Manchester, 
nearly  opposite  Richmond,  Va.  He  in 
vented  a  cutting  and  polishing  machine, 
which  reduced  in  a  great  measure  the 
tediousuess  and  inaccuracy  of  the  old 
manual  process.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1888,  in 
Jamaica  Plains,  Mass. 

MORSE,  ISAAC  EDWARDS,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  22,  1809,  in 
Attakapas,  La.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  from  Louisiana  in  the  twenty-eighth, 
twenty-ninth,  thirtieth,  and  thirty-first 
congresses;  and  was  subsequently  attor 
ney-general  of  Louisiana.  He  died  Feb. 
11,  1866,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

MORSE,  JAMES  HERBERT,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  in  1841,  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  an  educator  and  poet  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Summer  Haven 
Songs. 

MORSE,  JEDIDIAH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1761,  in  Woodstock, 
Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  New  England.  He  is  sometimes 


styled  the  Father  of  American  Geography, 
his  being  the  first  school  text-books  in 
America  of  any  importance.  He  was  the 
author  of  Elements  of  Geography;  Amer 
ican  Gazetteer;  Annals  of  the  American 
Revolution;  Compendious  History  of  New 
England;  Geography  Made  Easy;  and 
American  Geography.  He  died  June  9, 
1826,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

MORSE,  JOHN  TORREY,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1840,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston;  and 
the  author  of  Lives  of  Hamilton,  J.  Q. 
Adams,  Jefferson,  John  Adams,  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes,  Lincoln,  Franklin; 
Banks  and  Banking;  Arbitration  and 
Award;  and  Famous  Trials. 

MORSE,  LEOPOLD,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1831,  in  Ba 
varia.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth, 
and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

MORSE,  MRS.  LUCY  [GIBBONS],  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1839  in  New  York.  She 
is  a  novelist  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Rachel  Stanwood,  a  Story;  and 
The  Chezzles,  a  Story  of  Young  People. 

MORSE,  O.  A.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  March  26,  1815,  in  Cherry  Val 
ley,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress  from  New 
York. 

MORSE,  RICHARD  CARY,  journalist, 
was  born  June  18,  1795,  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.  He,  with  his  brother  Sidney,  es 
tablished  the  New  York  Observer,  and  for 
thirty-five  years  was  its  proprietor  and 
associate  editor.  He  died  Sept.  23,  1868, 
in  Germany. 

MORSE,  SAMUEL  BALDWIN,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  Oct.  26,  1834,  in  Fayette,  Maine.  He 
has  filled  pastorates  in  the  baptist  church 
in  Stockton  and  Oakland,  Cal.;  and  since 
1887  has  been  president  of  California  col 
lege. 

MORSE,  SAMUEL  FINLEY  BREESE, 
inventor,  artist,  author,  was  born  April 
27,  1/91,  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  He  found- 
e  d  the  National 
Academy  of  Design 
in  New  York,  and 
was  its  annually 
elected  president  for 
many  years.  His 
most  wonderful  in 
vention,  the  record 
ing  electric  tele 
graph,  has  been  call 
ed  the  greatest  tri 
umph  which  human 
genius  has  obtained 
over  space  and  time. 
The  first  telegraphic  message,  What  hath 
God  wrought,  was  sent  over  the  wires 
May  24,  1844,  and  was  dictated  by  Anna 
G.  Ellis,  daughter  of  the  commissioner  of 
patents,  who  came  early  in  the  morning 
to  inform  him  of  the  appropriation  from 
congress  of  thirty  thousand  dollars  for 
the  construction  of  his  first  telegraphic 
line  between  Baltimore  and  Washington. 
He  was  the  author  of  Foreign  Conspira 
cies  against  the  Liberties  of  the  United 
States;  Our  Liberties  Defended;  and  Im 
minent  Dangers  through  Foreign  Immi 
gration.  He  died  April  2,  1872,  in  New 
York. 

MORSE,  SIDNEY  EDWARDS,  journal 
ist,  geographer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  7, 
1794,  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a 
journalist  and  geographer  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  System  of  Mod 
ern  Geography;  and  Premium  Questions 
on  Slavery.  With  a  younger  brother  he 
founded  the  New  York  Observer  in  1823. 
He  died  Dec.  24,  1871,  in  New  York  city. 


MORSE,  T.  VERNETTE,  artist,  author, 
was  born  in  1854,  in  Cortland  county,  N. 
Y.  In  1892  he  came  to  Chicago  and  es 
tablished  Arts  of  America,  which  was  so 
successful  that  two  years  later  he  or 
ganized  the  Central  Art  association  of 
America  for  the  promotion  and  dispersion 
of  good  art  among  the  people. 

MORSELL,  JAMES  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1775,  in  Calvert 
county,  Md.  He  served  as  a  volunteer  sol 
dier  in  the  war  of  1812;  and  in  1816  was 
appointed  a  judge  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
continued  in  that  capacity  until  1863.  He 
died  Jan.  11,  1870,  in  Prince  George  coun 
ty,  Md. 

MORTON,  ALEXANDER,  inventor,  was 
born  March  8,  1820,  in  Scotland.  He  be 
gan  the  manufacture  of  gold  pens  in  New 
York  city  during  the  summer  of  1851,  and 
between  that  year  and  1860  invented  au 
tomatic  processes  for  pointing,  temper 
ing,  and  grinding  them.  He  died  Oct.  12, 
1869,  in  New  York  city. 

MORTON,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1620  in  England.  He 
was  a  puritan  clergyman  who  came  to 
New  England  in  1686,  and  was  minister 
at  Charlestown  and  vice-president  of  Har 
vard  college.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Ark:  its  Loss  and  Recovery;  and  Sys 
tem  of  Logic,  long  a  text-book  at  Har 
vard.  He  died  April  11,  1698,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

MORTON,  CHARLES  ADAMS,  soldier, 
merchant,  banker.  After  leaving  school 
he  engaged  in  the  commission  and  whole 
sale  grocery  busi 
ness  with  his  brother 
at  St.  Louis,  with  a 
branch  house  a  t 
Memphis,  Tenn.  At 
the  commencement 
of  hostilities  in  the 
spring  of  1861  he  re- 
c  e  i  v  e  d  autnority 
from  Governor  Dick 
Yates  of  Illinois,  to 
raise  a  company, 
which  went  into 
camp  at  Camp  But 
ler,  and  with  others  formed  the  thirty- 
second  Illinois  infantry,  commanded  by 
Colonel  John  Logan.  In  November,  1861, 
Colonel  Morton  was  detached  from  his 
regiment  and  ordered  to  report  to  General 
Sherman  for  duty  as  commissary  of  sub 
sistence.  In  April,  1863,  he  was  promoted 
to  a  lieutenant-colonelcy,  and  assigned  to 
duty  as  chief  of  commissary  of  subsist 
ence,  fifteenth  army  corps,  Major-General 
W.  T.  Sherman  commanding.  Subsequent 
ly,  upon  the  return  to  Washington  of  Gen 
eral  Macfeely,  he  was  assigned  to  duty 
as  chief  C.  S.  of  the  army  of  the  Ten 
nessee,  and  did  not  leave  the  army  until 
the  winter  of  1865.  From  1865  to  1871  he 
resided  in  St.  Louis.  In  the  latter  year 
he  removed  to  St.  Paul,  where  he  engaged 
in  banking,  real  estate  and  commission 
business  until  1880,  when  he  removed  to 
Fargo,  and  organized  the  firm  of  Morton 
and  Company,  for  the  transaction  of  real 
estate  and  commission  business.  He  was 
also  president  of  the  Exchange  bank  of 
Fargo  from  1888  to  1892. 

MORTON,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  was  born 
June  23,  1859,  in  Ontario,  Canada.  He 
graduated  from  the  Victoria  university; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Albany  in 
1884;  and  has  attained  prominence  as  an 
able  lawyer  of  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.  He  has 
made  his  mark  as  a  criminal  lawyer,  and 
was  one  of  the  counsel  to  defend  Frank 
Conroy,  the  wife  murderer. 


678 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF'     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MORTON,  ELIZA  H.,  author,  poet,  was 
born  July  18,  1853,  in  Deering,  Me.  She 
is  the  author  of  Potter's  series  of  Geog 
raphies;  and  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Still  Waters.  She  is  also  known  as  the 
author  of  The  Songs  My  Mother  Sang; 
My  Mission;  I  Glory  in  the  Cross;  and 
many  other  hymns,  made  popular  in  D.  L. 
Moody  revival  meetings. 

MORTON,  HENRY,  physicist,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1836, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  noted  physi 
cist,  president  of  the  Stevens  Institute  of 
Technology  at  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  from  1870; 
and  the  author  of  The  Student's  Practical 
Chemistry,  and  many  valuable  scientific 
monographs. 

MORTON,  JACKSON,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  10,  1794,  in  Spottsylvania 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Florida  from  1849  to  1855; 
and  served  in  the  rebellion  as  a  member 
of  the  confederate  congress.  He  died 
Nov.  20,  1874,  in  Santa  Rosa  county,  Fla. 

MORTON,  JAMES  FERDINAND,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1844, 
in  Nova  Scotia.  He  has  filled  the  chair 
of  New  Testament  Exegesis  in  the  Theo 
logical  institute  of  Newton,  Mass.;  and 
since  1891  has  filled  the  chair  in  the 
Proctor  academy  of  Andover,  N.  H.  He 
has  done  considerable  editorial  work,  and 
is  a  constant  contributor  to  current  lit 
erature. 

MORTON,  JAMES  ST.  CLAIR,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1829,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  federal  officer 
killed  in  the  attack  upon  Petersburg;  and 
the  author  of  Instruction  in  Engineering; 
New  System  of  Fortifications;  Memoir  on 
Fortification;  and  Dangers  and  Defenses 
of  New  York  City.  He  died  June  17,  1864, 
in  Petersburg,  Va. 

MORTON,  JENNIE  C.,  poet,  was  born 
in  Bell's  Grove,  Ky.  She  is  the  daughter 
of  Judge  Franklin  Bryan  Chinn.  As  a 
poet  of  genius  Mrs. 
1  Morton  is  recog 
nized  the  country 
'  over;  and  is  consid- 
,  ered  one  of  the 
j  sweetest  poets  of 
[  central  Kentucky. 
j  She  is  the  author  of 
I  a  centennial  poem, 
which  was  read  on 
the  occasion  of  the 
>  centennial  commis 
sion  anniversary. 
Her  longest  and  best 
poem,  which  is  entitled  A  Rhyme  of 
the  Women  of  Frankfort,  and  two  other 
beautiful  poems  of  hers  entitled,  Frank 
fort,  and  the  Elkhorn,  were  handsomely 
illustrated  by  photographic  pictures  of  the 
scenes  and  points  of  interest  described  in 
them.  A  number  of  copies  were  published 
in  a  brochure  at  five  and  ten  dollars  per 
copy,  and  were  purchased  and  sent  abroad 
as  souvenirs. 

MORTON,  JEREMIAH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1851. 

MORTON,  JOHN,  signer  of  the  declara 
tion  of  independence,  was  born  in  1724  in 
Ridley,  Pa.  He  was  appointed  a  justice 
of  the  peace;  and  was  soon  elected  to  the 
New  York  assembly  of  the  state.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  congress 
in  1765.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court;  was  a  signer  of  the  declaration  of 
independence;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1774  to  1777.  He 
died  April,  1777,  in  Delaware  county,  Pa. 


MORTON,  JULIUS  STERLING,  jour 
nalist,  legislator,  was  born  April  22,  1832, 
in  Jefferson  county,  N.  Y.  He  located  in 
Nebraska  in  1854,  in  Bellevue,  and  in  the 
following  year  issued  the  first  number  of 
the  Nebraska  City  News.  He  was  elected 
to  the  territorial  legislature  the  same  year 
and  re-elected  in  1857.  He  is  the  author 
of  the  arbor  day  legislation,  which  pro 
vides  that  one  day  in  each  year,  April  22, 
be  made  a  public  holiday  and  be  devoted 
to  tree  planting,  and  which  has  been 
adopted  in  forty-two  states.  He  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  agriculture  by  Presi 
dent  Cleveland,  and  entered  upon  his  du 
ties  March  7,  1893. 

MORTON,  LEVI  PARSONS,  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  May 
26,  1824,  in  Shoreham,  Vt.  He  was  for 
many  years  financier  and  banker,  and  en 
tered  political  life  by  being  elected  to  con 
gress  in  1878.  In  1889  he  was  inaugu 
rated  as  vice-president  of  the  United 
States,  and  subsequently  became  governor 
of  New  York. 

MORTON,  MARCUS,  jurist,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Feb.  19,  1784,  in  Freetown,  Mass.  In  1811 
he  was  chosen  clerk  of  the  Massachusetts 
senate;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1817  to 
3821.  In  1823  he  was  a  member  of  the 
executive  council  of  that  st^te;  in  1824 
was  elected  lieutenant-governor;  and  was 
subsequently  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Massachusetts  from  1825  to  1840.  He 
was  governor  of  the  state  from  1840  to 
1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1844.  He  was 
collector  of  Boston  from  1845  to  1849;  and 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1858. 
He  died  Feb.  6,  1864,  in  Taunton. 

MORTON,  MARCUS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  April  8,  1819, 
in  Taunton,  Mass.  In  1858  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  legislature. 
In  1859  he  became  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Massachusetts,  and  in  1872  was 
made  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court. 

MORTON,  MARTHA,  dramatist,  author, 
was  born  in  1865  in  New  York  city.  She 
is  the  author  of  Geoffrey  Middleton,  Gen 
tleman,  an  American  play  that  has  run 
successfully  in  New  York  city  and  else 
where. 

MORTON,  NATHANIEL,  author,  was 
born  in  1613  in  Holland.  He  was  secre 
tary  of  the  Plymouth  colony  from  1647 
till  his  death,  whose  New  England's  Me 
morial  is  well  known  among  colonial 
annals.  He  died  in  1686. 

MORTON,  OLIVER  P.,  jurist,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  4, 
1823,  in  Saulsbury,  Ind,  In  1852  he  was 
elected  circuit  judge 
of  the  fifth  judicial 
circuit  of  Indiana.  In 
1860  he  was  elected 
lieutenant  -  governor 
of  Indiana;  and  in 
1861,  on  the  transfer 
of  Governor  H.  S. 
Lane  to  the  United 
States  senate,  as 
sumed  the  office  of 
governor  and  held  it 
four  years.  In  1864 
he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  for  a  second  term.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  for  the  term 
ending  in  1873;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1879.  He 
died  Nov.  1,  1877,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

MORTON,  OLIVER  THROCK,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1860  in  Indiana.  He 
is  a  lawyer  of  Chicago;  and  the  autnor  of 
The  Southern  Empire,  with  Other  Papers. 


MORTON,  SAMUEL  GEORGE;  physi 
cian,  scientist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  26, 
1799,  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  promi 
nent  Philadelphia  physician  and  scientist, 
and  president  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences.  He  was  the  author  of  Crania 
Americana;  Crania  Egyptica;  and  Illus 
trated  System  of  Human  Anatomy.  He 
died  May  15,  1851,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MORTON,  MRS.  SARAH  WENT- 
WORTH  [APTHORPE],  author,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  29,  1759,  in  Braintree, 
Mass.  She  was  a  verse-writer  of  Quincy, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Ouabi,  an  Indian 
Tale  in  four  cantos;  and  My  Mind  and  its 
Thoughts.  She  died  May  14,  1846,  in 
Quincy,  Mass. 

MORTON.  THOMAS,  author,  was  born 
about  1575  in  England.  He  was  a  famous, 
adventurer  who,  settling  himself  at  Mount 
Wollaston,  which  he  termed  Ma-re  Mount, 
scandalized  the  colonists  at  Plymouth  and 
Boston  by  his  sports  and  carousals.  The 
New  English  Canaan  is  a  sarcastic  and 
humorous  description  of  his  pious  neigh 
bors  and  their  country.  He  died  in  1646 
in  Maine. 

MORTON,  THOMAS  GEORGE,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1835,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  phy 
sician;  and  the  author  of  Surgery  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital:  an  Epitome  of 
Practice  from  1756;  and  Transfusion  of 
Blood  and  its  Practical  Application. 

MORTON,  WILLIAM  THOMAS  GREEN, 
dentist,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1819,  in  Charl- 
ton,  Mass.  He  first  discovered  the  anaes 
thetic  treatment  now  used  by  all  dentists; 
and  the  French  Academy  of  Sciences, 
voted  him  an  award  of  twenty-five  hun 
dred  francs  for  the  application  of  the  dis 
covery  for  surgical  operations.  He  died 
July  15,  1868,  in  New  York  city. 

MORWITZ,  EDWARD,  journalist,  in 
ventor,  author,  was  born  June  12,  1815, 
in  Prussia.  In  1850  he  came  to  this  coun 
try,  settling  in  Philadelphia,  where  in 
1853  he  purchased  the  German  Democrat, 
which  is  still  edited  and  published  by  him. 
He  has  invented  an  improved  needle-gun. 
He  has  published  numerous  books,  includ 
ing  a  History  of  Medicine;  and  German- 
American  Dictionary. 

MOSBY,  JOHN  SINGLETON,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1833,  in  Pow- 
hatan  county,  Va.  He  is  a  famous  con 
federate  cavalry  leader,  consul  at  Hong 
Kong  in  1878-85;  and  subsequently  a  law 
yer  in  San  Francisco.  He  is  the  author 
of  War  Reminiscences. 

MOSBY,  MARY  WEBSTER,  author, 
was  born  in  April,  1791,  in  Henrico  coun 
ty,  Va.  She  published  a  book  entitled 
Pocahontas.  She  died  Nov.  19,  1844,  in 
Richmond,  Va. 

MOSELEY,  JONATHAN  OGDEN,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1762  in  East  Had- 
dam,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  his  nathe  state  from  1805 
to  1821.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1839,  in  Sagi- 
naw,  Mich. 

MOSELEY,  WILLIAM  A.,  state  senator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  in  1835;  of  the  state 
senate  from  1838  to  1841;  and  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  1843  to  1847. 

MOSELEY,  WILLIAM  D.,  governor, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1795,  in  Lenoir  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  governor  of  Florida  from 
1845  to  1849.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1863,  in 
Palatka,  Fla. 

MOSES,  CHARLES  L..  agriculturist, 
congressman,  was  born  May  2,  1856,  in 
Coweta  county,  Ga.  He  was  elected  from 
Georgia  to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third 
congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


679 


MOSES,  F.  J.,  governor.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  South  Carolina  from  1873  to  1875. 

MOSGROVE,  JAMES,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  14,  1821,  in 
Kittanning,  Pa.  He  became  president  of 
the  Kittanning  Iron  company;  and  also 
president  of  the  First  National  bank  of 
Kittanning,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  for 
ty-seventh  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MOSHER,  MRS.  JENNIE  M.,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1845,  in  New 
York  (Orleans  county).  She  is  promi 
nent  in  missionary  and  temperance  work, 
and  was  president  of  the  Missionary  so 
ciety  of  Independence,  Iowa.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  entitled  Story  of  the 
Bible  in  Rhyme. 

MOSLER,  HENRY,  artist,  was  born 
June  6,  1841,  in  New  York  city.  During 
the  civil  war  he  was  an  art  correspondent 
for  Harper's  Weekly;  and  also  painted 
portraits  of  a  number  of  generals  while 
in  camp.  His  best  known  works  are, 
Early  Cares;  Quadroon  Girl;  Wedding 
Morning;  and  The  Last  Sacrament. 

MOSS,  JOHN  CALVIN,  inventor,  was 
born  Jan.  5,  1838,  near  Bentleysville,  Pa. 
He  was  the  first  to  make  photo-engraving 
a  practical  business  success,  and  while  his 
methods  have  never  been  patented,  he  is 
known  as  the  inventor  of  what  is  called 
the  Moss  process;  Moss  new  process;  and 
the  Moss-type  process. 

MOSS,  JOHN  R.,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  Feb.  7,  1844,  in  Powhatan  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
legislature  in  1869,  and  also  in  1885.  Since 
1891  he  has  been  county  judge. 

MOSS,  LEMUEL,  educator,  journalist, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
27,  1829,  near  Burlington,  Ky.  In  1874-75 
he  was  president  of  the  university  of  Chi 
cago,  and  in  1875-84  of  Indiana  university. 
He  has  written  Annals  of  the  United 
States  Christian  Commission,  and  vari 
ous  articles  on  educational  and  religious 
subjects.  He  also  edited  The  Baptists  and 
the  National  Centenary. 

MOSS,  LEON  F.,  educator,  college  pres 
ident,  lawyer,  poet,  was  born  Sept  12, 
1861,  in  Cuba.  In  1882  he  was  president 
of  the  Western  Normal  college  of  Bush- 
nell,  111.;  and  in  1883-84  was  city  attorney 
at  Ipava,  111.  He  is  the  author  of  a  num 
ber  of  poems. 

MOTLEY,  JOHN  LOTHROP,  lawyer, 
diplomat,  author,  was  born  April  15,  1814, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  distinguished 
historian  who  was  minister  to  Austria 
in  1861-67,  and  to  England  in  1869-70.  He 
was  the  author  of  Morton's  Hope,  a  ro 
mance;  Merry  Mount,  a  romance;  The 
Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic;  The  History 
of  the  United  Netherlands;  and  Life  and 
Death  of  John  of  Barneveld.  He  died 
May  29,  1877,  in  Dorchester,  England. 

MOTT.  FERRIS  O.,  jurist,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1850,  near  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  Michigan;  learned  the 
carpenter's  trade;  and  since  1878  has  lived 
in  Harper,  Kas.  In  1890  he  was  elected 
probate  judge;  and  in  1894  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature. 

MOTT,  GEORGE  SCUDDER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1829,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  presbyterian  minister 
of  Flemington,  N.  J.;  and  the  author  of 
The  Prodigal  Son;  The  Resurrection  of 
the  Dead;  and  The  Perfect  Law. 

MOTT,  GERSHOM,  soldier,  was  born 
April  7,  1822,  near  Trenton,  N.  J.  He 
was  promoted  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  in  1862;  and  in  1864  was  brevetted 
major-general  for  distinguished  services 
during  the  war.  He  died  May  29,  1884,  in 
New  York  city. 


MOTT,  GORDON  N.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  12, 
1812,  in  Zanesville,  Ohio.  In  1849  he  emi 
grated  to  California;  and  in  1850  was 
elected  judge  of  Sutler  county.  In  1851 
he  was  appointed  a  district  judge;  and 
in  1861  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Nevada  territory.  In 
1862  he  was  elected  a  delegate  from  that 
territory  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

MOTT,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  chemist, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1852,  in  Clifton, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  chemist  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  The  Chemist's 
Manual;  Was  Man  Created?;  The  Air  We 
Breathe;  and  Fallacy  of  the  Present  The 
ory  of  Sound.  He  died  in  1896. 

MOTT,  JAMES,  congressman,  was  born 
June  20,  1788,  in  North  Hempstead,  Del. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1801  to  1805.  He  had 
pre\iously  been  treasurer  of  the  state; 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1805.  He 
died  Jan.  26,  1868,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

MOTT,  RICHARD,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  21,  1804,  in  Mamaro- 
neck,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  merchant  of  To 
ledo,  Ohio;  and  was  elected  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress;  and  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress. 

MOTT,  VALENTINE,  surgeon,  author, 
was  born  April  26,  1785,  in  Glen  Cove, 
L.  I.  He  was  a  celebrated  surgeon  of 
New  York  city;  and  one  of  the  founders 
of  Rutgers  Medical  college.  He  was  the 
author  of  Travels  in  Europe  and  the 
East;  Mott's  Cliniques;  and  a  translation 
of  Velpeau's  Operative  Surgery,  and  sur 
gical  papers.  He  died  April  26,  1865,  in 
New  York  city. 

MOTT,  VALENTINE,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1852,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1887  he  went  to  Paris  as  the  rep 
resentative  of  the  American  Pasteur  in 
stitute,  and  studied  under  Louis  Pasteur 
the  prophylactic  treatment  for  hydropho 
bia,  which  he  introduced  into  the  United 
States,  bringing  away  the  first  inoculated 
rabbit  that  Pasteur  allowed  to  leave  his 
laboratory.  His  principal  medical  paper  is 
Rabies  and  How  to  Prevent  It,  being  a 
Discussion  of  Hydrophobia  and  the  Pas 
teur  Method  of  Treatment. 

MOTT,  WILLIAM  FRANKLIN,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1785,  in  New 
York  city.  He  established  in  1807  the 
House  of  Refuge,  the  Eastern  dispensary, 
the  Home  for  the  Friendless,  the  Colored 
Orphans'  asylum,  the  Institution  for  the 
Instruction  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  the 
Woman's  hospital,  in  New  York  city.  He 
died  May  3,  1867,  in  New  York  city. 

MOTTE,  ISAAC,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  8,  1738,  in  South  Carolina. 
In  1780-82  he  represented  South  Carolina 
in  the  continental  congress.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  convention  that  rati 
fied  the  United  States  constitution,  and 
was  appointed  naval  officer  of  the  port  of 
Charleston,  holding  that  office  till  his 
death.  He  died  May  8,  1795,  in  South 
Carolina. 

MOULD,  JACOB  WREY,  architect,  was 
born  in  1825  in  England.  He  came  to 
New  York  in  1853;  and  in  1857  he  was 
appointed  assistant  architect  of  public 
works.  In  1870  he  became  chief  architect. 
His  last  work  was  the  design  for  the  tem 
porary  tomb  of  Gen.  Grant  in  Riverside 
park,  which  he  executed  in  a  few  min 
utes.  He  died  June  14,  1886,  in  New  York 
city. 

MOULTON,  JOSEPH  WHITE,  author, 
was  born  in  June,  1789,  in  Stratford,  Conn. 
He  is  an  antiquarian  writer  of  Roslyn, 
L.  I.;  and  the  author  of  History  of  the 
State  of  New  York;  and  Chancery  Practice 


of  New  York.     He  died  April  20,  1875,  in 
Roslyn,  N.  Y. 

MOULTON,  LOUISE  C.,  author,  was 
born  April  10,  1835,  in  Pomfret,  Conn.  In 
1856  she  began  writing  for  Harper's  Maga 
zine  and  various  other  periodicals.  She 
is  the  author  of  Swallow  Flights;  Random 
Rambles;  Ourselves  and  Our  Neighbors; 
and  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  In  the 
Garden  of  Dreams. 

MOULTON,  LUTHER  V.,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1843,  in  Howard, 
Mich.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Grand 

Rapids,  Mich.  He  has 

Mfl'  had  charge  of  a  num 
ber  of  the  most  im 
portant  civil  cases 
tried  in  his  state; 
and  has  contributed 
a  number  of  articles 
to  law  literature.  He 
is  also  a  noted  writer 
on  financial  topics, 
his  articles  con 
stantly  appearing  in 
financial  publica 
tions.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  work  entitled  Science  of  Money 
and  American  Finances. 

MOULTON,  MACE,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  Hampshire.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1845  to  1847;  and  a  state 
counselor  in  1848  and  1849. 

MOULTON,  RICHARD  GREEN,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1849  in  England. 
He  is  an  educator  of  note,  professor  in 
the  university  of  Chicago;  and  the  author 
of  Ancient  Classical  Drama;  The  Univer 
sity  Extension  Movement;  and  Shake 
speare  as  a  Dramatic  Artist. 

MOULTON,  SAMUEL  W.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  20, 
1822,  in  Wenham,  Mass.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Illinois  legislature  from  1852  to 
1859;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1856; 
and  was  the  author  of  the  present  com 
mon  school  system  of  the  state.  He  was 
chosen  president  of  the  board  of  educa 
tion  of  Illinois  in  1859,  and  held  the  posi 
tion  in  1864,  when  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Illinois  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-seventh  congress;  and  re-elected  to 
the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MOULTRIE,  JAMES,  physician,  educa 
tor,  was  born  March  27,  1793,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  On  the  organization  of  the 
Medical  College  of  South  Carolina  in  1824 
he  was  elected  professor  of  anatomy,  but 
declined.  In  1833  he  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  physiology  and  accepted,  retain 
ing' it  until  1867.  He  died  in  April,  1869, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

MOULTRIE,  WILLIAM,     soldier,     con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1731  in  South  Caro 
lina.    He  was  a  member  of  the  provincial 
congress  in  1775.    In 
177U  he     was     made 
brigadier-general;  in 

1779  defeated  a     su 
perior  British     force 
near  Beaufort;     and 
the  same    year     op 
posed    the     advance 
upon  Charleston,  and 
held  the     city     until 
the  approach  of  Gen. 
Lincoln.  He  also  dis 
tinguished  himself  in 

1780  at     Charleston, 
and  was  imprisoned  until  exchanged  for 
Gen.  Burgoyne.    He  was  major-general  in 
1782;    was  governor   of     South     Carolina 
from  1785  to  1786,  and  from  1794  to  1796. 
While  a  prisoner  he  wrote  his  Memoirs  of 
the  Revolution.    He  died  Sept.  27,  1805,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 


680 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MOUNT,  JAMES  ATWELL,  farmer,  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  March  23, 
1843,  in  Montgomery  county,  Ind.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Farmers'  Mutual 
Fire  Insurance  company  of  his  county, 
and  has  served  as  a  state  senator.  He 
has  filled  with  honor  the  high  office  of 
governor  of  Indiana. 

MOUNT,  WILLIAM  SIDNEY,  painter, 
was  born  Nov.  26,  1807,  in  Setauket,  N.  Y. 
The  first  painting  that  he  exhibited  was 
The  Daughter  of  Jairus,  which  was  fol 
lowed  by  other  works  of  a  similar  charac 
ter.  Among  his  subsequent  works  are, 
Men  Husking  Corn;  Walking  the  Crack; 
The  Courtship;  Sportsman's  Last  Visit; 
Farmer's  Nooning;  The  Raffle;  Bargain 
ing  for  a  Horse;  and  The  Truant  Gam 
blers,  in  the  New  York  Historical  socie 
ty;  The  Ringing  of  the  Pigs;  The  Lucky 
Throw;  Boys  Trapping;  Dance  of  the 
Haymakers;  Power  of  Music;  and  Music 
is  Contagious.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1868,  in 
Setauket,  L.  I. 

MOUNTFORD,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  31,  1816,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Boston  who  became  a  spiritualist  in  his 
later  years;  and  was  the  author  of  Mar- 
tyria;  Euthanasy,  or  Happy  Talk  Toward 
the  End  of  Life;  Christianity  the  Deliver 
ance  of  the  Soul;  Minutes  Past  and  Pres 
ent;  and  Thorpe,  a  Quiet  English  Town. 
He  died  April  20,  1885,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
MOULTON,  ALEXANDRE,  ninth  gov 
ernor  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Nov.  19, 
1804,  in  Lafayette,  La.  He  practiced  law 
for  a  while,  and  in 
1826  became  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state 
legislature;  served 
several  terms;  and 
for  two  sessions  was 
speaker  of  the  house. 
In  1837  he  was  elect 
ed  to  congress; 
served  on  important 
committees;  and  was 
appointed  governor 
in  1843.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was 

probably  the  oldest  surviving  United 
States  senator;  and  was  one  of  the  best 
governors  Louisiana  ever  had.  He  died 
Feb.  12,  1885,  in  Lafayette,  La. 

MOUTON.  JEAN  JACQUES  ALEXAN 
DRE  ALFRED,  soldier,  was  born  Feb. 
18,  1829,  in  Opelouse,  La.  He  served  in 
the  civil  war  and  was  successively  pro 
moted  brigadier  and  major-general  in  the 
confederate  service.  He  died  April  8,  1864, 
in  Mansfield,  La. 

MOWER,  HORACE,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Vermont.  He  moved  to  Michigan, 
from  which  state  he  was  appointed  an 
associate  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  New  Mexico,  re 
siding  at  Santa  Fe. 

MOWER,  JOSEPH  ANTHONY,  soldier, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1827,  in  Woodstock,  Vt. 
He  was  bre\etted  major-general  in  the 
regular  army  for  gallantry  during  the 
civil  war.  He  died  Jan.  6,  1870,  in  New 
Orleans,  La. 

MOWERS.  BERK,  musician,  composer, 
was  born  in  Cleversburg,  Pa.,  in  which 
city  he  still  resides.  For  many  years  he 
was  engaged  in  educational  work;  read 
music  and  studied  art  under  the  best 
masters.  He  has  directed  conventions; 
taught  many  and  different  musical  or 
ganizations;  and  is  the  author  of  the  mu 
sical  composition  entitled  Shed  a  Tear. 
He  is  the  author  of  many  selections, 
both  vocal  and  instrumental;  and  the  au 
thor  of  a  music-book  for  Sabbath  school 
use  entitled  Golden  Grains.  In  1892  he 
was  elected  justice  of  the  peace;  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  public  affairs. 


MOWRY,  DANIEL,  JR.,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Smithfield,  R.  I.  He  was  in  the  colonial 
general  assembly  at  the  time  they  passed 
the  act  which  renounced  allegiance  to  the 
king.  He  was  judge  of  the  court  of  com 
mon  pleas  in  Rhode  Island.  He  was  elected 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  that  state  in  1781. 

MOWRY,  SYLVESTER,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1830  in  Providence,  R. 
I.  He  was  an  army  officer  who  resigned 
in  1858;  and  the  author  of  Arizona  and 
Sonora;  and  the  Geography,  History, 
and  Resources  of  the  Silver  Regions  of 
North  America.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1871,  in 
London,  England. 

MOWRY,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1829,  in 
Uxbridge,  Mass.  He  is  an  educator  of 
Boston;  and  the  author  of  Talks  with  My 
Boys;  Studies  in  Civil  Government;  Ele 
ments  of  Civil  Government;  and  School 
History  of  the  United  States. 

MOYLAN,  STEPHEN,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1734  in  Ireland.  He  served  with  dis 
tinction  through  the  revolutionary  war; 
and  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  in 
1783.  He  died  April  11,  1811,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

MOYLAN,  WILLIAM,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  June  22,  1822,  in  Ireland. 
In  1865  he  was  elected  president  of  St. 
John's  college,  resigning  in  1868.  He  died 
Jan.  14,  1891,  in  Fordham,  N.  Y. 

MOYLE,  JAMES  H.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Sept.  17,  1858,  in  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
university  of  Utah,  and  at  the  university 
of  Michigan,  attending  both  the  literary 
and  the  law  departments.  During  1886-90 
he  was  prosecuting  attorney  for  Salt 
Lake  county;  and  in  1880  was  a  member 
of  the  Utah  territorial  legislature.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  board  of  trus 
tees  of  the  State  Reform  school,  and  for 
six  years  was  one  of  its  trustees.  He  is  a 
director  in  a  number  of  the  leading  corpo 
rations  of  Utah,  including  banking,  com 
mercial,  mining,  live  stock  and  abstract 
ing. 

MOYNAHAN,  JAMES,  merchant,  state 
senator,  was  born  June  7,  1842,  in  Green 
field,  Mich.  He  is  a  successful  miner  and 
merchant  of  Alma,  Colo.;  has  been  mayor 
of  his  city;  and  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Colorado  state  senate,  of  which  body  he 
was  president  pro  tern. 

MOZIER,  JOSEPH,  merchant,  sculptor, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1812,  in  Burlington, 
Vt.  His  principal  works  are  Pocahontas; 
The  Wept  of  the  Wish-ton-Wish,  which 
he  repeated  several  times;  Truth;  Si 
lence,  both  in  the  Mercantile  library, 
New  York;-  Rebecca  at  the  Well;  Esther; 
Indian  Girl  at  the  Grave  of  her  Lover; 
Jephthah's  Daughter;  The  Peri;  and  Riz- 
pah.  He  died  in  October,  1870,  in  Swit 
zerland. 

MOZLEY,  NORMAN  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1865,  in 
Johnson  county,  111.  He  was  elected  from 
Missouri  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

MUDD,  SYDNEY  EMANUEL,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1858,  in 
Charles  county,  Md.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Maryland  state  house  of  delegates  in  1879 
and  re-elected  in  1881.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first  and  defeated  for  the  fifty- 
second  congress;  and  was  elected  to  the 
state  house  of  delegates  in  1895,  and  was 
speaker  of  that  body.  He  was  delegate 
to  the  national  republican  convention  in 
1896;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 


MUDGE,  ALFRED,  publisher,  was  born 
April  25,  1805,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He 
printed,  among  other  specimens  of  fine 
work,  History  of  the  City  Hall,  published 
by  the  city  authorities  of  Boston;  a  gen 
ealogical  record  of  the  descendants  of 
Hugh  Clark,  of  Watertown;  and  the 
Mudge  Memorials,  being  an  account  of  the 
Mudge  family.  He  died  Aug.  14,  1882,  in 
Hull,  Mass. 

MUDGE,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1817, 
in  Orrington,  Maine.  He  settled  in  Kan 
sas  in  1862,  and  in  1864-65  was  state  sen 
ator.  He  died  Nov.  21,  1879,  in  Manhat 
tan,  Kas. 

MUDGE,  ENOCH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  28,  1776,  in  Lynn,  Mass. 
He  was  a  noted  methodist  itinerant 
preacher  of  New  England;  and  the  author 
of  Notes  on  the  Parables;  Lynn,  a  Poem; 
The  Juvenile  Expositor;  Lectures  to  Sea 
men.  He  died  April  2,  1850,  in  Lynn, 
Mass. 

MUDGE,  ZACHARIAH  ATWELL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  2,  1813,  in 
Orrington,  Maine.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman  of  Massachusetts;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Christian  Statesman;  Views 
from  Plymouth  Rock;  Witch  Hill,  a  His 
tory  of  Salem  Witchcraft;  Life  of  Abra 
ham  Lincoln;  Footprints  of  Roger  Wil 
liams;  Arctic  Heroes;  Fur-clad  Adven 
turers;  History  of  Suffolk  County,  Massa 
chusetts;  and  The  Luck  of  Alden  Farm. 
He  died  in  1888. 

MUFFLY,  JOSEPH  WENDEL,  educa 
tor.  He  is  prominently  identified  with  the 
educational  and  public  affairs  of  Des 
Moines,  Iowa. 

MUHLEMAN,  ROBERT  W.,  physician, 
surgeon,  business  man,  was  born  May  5, 
1853,  in  Hannibal,  Ohio.  He  attended  the 
Baldwin  university  of  Berea,  Ohio,  and 
the  Pulte  Medical  college  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  physician  and 
surgeon  of  Bellaire,  Ohio.  He  has  been 
superintendent  of  the  Hannibal  schools; 
president  of  the  Crystal  Window  Glass 
company  of  Bellaire,  Ohio;  president  of 
the  Seal  Glass  Mandolin  company;  vice- 
president  of  the  Ohio  Valley  Telephone 
company. 

MUHLENBERG,  FRANCIS  SAMUEL, 
lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  22,  1795,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  moved  to  Ohio;  became  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  that  state;  and  was  a 
representati\e  from  Ohio  in  the  twentieth 
congress.  He  died  in  1832  in  Pickaway 
county,  Ohio. 

MUHLENBERG,  FREDERICK  AUGUS 
TUS,  clergyman,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  25,  1818,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 
He  has  been  professor  in  Franklin  col 
lege  from  1838  to  1850;  of  Greek  in  Penn 
sylvania  college  from  1850  till  1867;  first 
president  of  Muhlenberg  college,  Pa.,  from 
1867  till  1876,  and  professor  of  the  Greek 
language  and  literature  in  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania  since  1876.  He  has  pub 
lished  his  Inaugural  Address  as  president 
of  Muhlenberg  college;  Semi-Centennial 
Address  at  Pennsylvania  college,  and  oth 
er  addresses. 

MUHLENBERG,  FREDERICK  AUGUS 
TUS  CONRAD,  clergyman,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  1,  1750,  in  Trappe,  Pa.  In 
1773  he  was  pastor  of  Christ's  church, 
New  York  city,  retiring  from  the  ministry 
in  1779,  when  he  entered  the  continental 
congress  as  the  representative  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Germans.  He  was  the  pre 
siding  officer  of  the  assembly  in  his  own 
state,  and  speaker  of  the  first  and  third 
congresses.  He  died  June  4,  1801,  in  Lan 
caster,  Pa. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


681 


MUHLENBERG,  GOTTHILP  HENRY 
ERNST,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  11,  1753,  in  Trappe,  Pa.  He  was  a 
lutheran  divine  of  Philadelphia,  famous 
as  a  botanist  in  his  day;  and  the  author 
of  Cantalogus  Plantarum  Americse  Sep- 
tentrionalis;  and  English  and  German 
Lexicon  and  Grammar.  He  died  May  23, 
1815,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

MUHLENBERG,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS, 
clergyman,  congressman,  was  born  May 
13,  1782,  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania 
to  congress  in  1828, 
and  served  from 
1829  until  1838, 
when  he  resigned  his 
seat  and  accepted  the 
mission  to  Austria, 
about  that  time  cre 
ated.  In  1835  he  was 
the  candidate  of  a 
portion  of  the  demo 
cratic  party  for  gov 
ernor;  and  in  1838 

was  appointed   minister  to   Austria.     He 
died  Aug.  12,  1844,  in  Reading,  Pa. 

MUHLENBERG,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS, 
JR.,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  in  July,  1823.  in  Reading,  Pa. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Pennsylvania  state 
senate  in  1848,  of  which  body  he  at  once 
became  a  leading  member.  He  wrote  a 
Life  of  General  Muhlenberg.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  thirty-third  con 
gress.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1854,  in  Washing 
ton. 

MUHLENBERG,  JOHN  PETER  GA 
BRIEL,  bishop,  soldier,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  1, 
1746,  in  Trappe,  Pa.  In  1774  he  was  elect- 
•ed  to  the  house  of  burgesses  of  Virginia. 
He  raised  the  eighth  Virginia  regiment, 
and  was  made  its  colonel.  In  1777  he  was 
made  brigadier-general.  After  the  war 
"he  was  elected  vice-president  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1797; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  first,  third  and 
sixth  congresses  from  Pennsylvania.  He 
-was  United  States  senator  in  1801,  which 
office  he  resigned  in  1802.  He  was  ap 
pointed  supervisor  of  revenue  for  Penn 
sylvania  in  that  year;  and  was  appointed 
collector  of  the  port  of  Philadelphia. 
Muhlenberg  college  was  named  after  him. 
He  died  Oct.  1,  1807,  near  Philadelphia. 

MUHLENBERG,  WILLIAM  AUGUS 
TUS,  clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Sept.  16,  1796,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  a  distinguished  episcopal  clergyman, 
rector  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Com 
munion  in  New  York  city  in  1846-77.  He 
was  the  founder  of  St.  Luke's  hospital, 
and  organized  the  first  protestant  sister 
hood  in  America.  His  hymn,  I  Would  not 
Live  Alway,  is  widely  known.  He  was  the 
author  of  Church  Poetry;  Music  of  the 
Church;  People's  Psalter;  Evangelical 
Catholic  Papers;  Christ  and  the  Bible; 
Family  Prayers;  Letters  on  Protestant 
Sisterhoods;  St.  Johnland;  and  Ideal  and 
Actual.  He  died  April  8,  1877,  in  New 
York  city. 

MUIR,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  April  12,  1757,  in  Scotland.  He  was 
a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Alexandria, 
Va. ;  and  the  author  of  An  Examination 
of  the  Principles  in  the  Age  of  Reason, 
in  Ten  Discourses;  and  Sermons.  He  died 
Aug.  20,  1820,  in  Alexandria,  Va. 

MUIR,  JOHN,  scientist,  explorer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1838  in  Scotland.  He 
is  a  noted  California  scientist  and  explor 
er,  discoverer  of  the  Muir  Glacier  in  Alas 
ka;  and  the  author  of  The  Mountains 
•of  California. 


MULDROW,  HENRY  LOWNDES,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Mississippi.  He  served  in  the 
confederate  army  from  1861  to  1865,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  district 
attorney  for  the  sixth  judicial  district  of 
Mississippi  from  1869  to  1871.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1875;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Mississippi  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty- 
eighth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

MULFORD,  ELISHA,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1833,  in  Montrose, 
Pa.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Cambridge,  lecturer  in  the  Episcopal  The 
ological  school  there,  and  prominent 
among  broad  church  thinkers.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Nation;  The  Founda 
tions  of  Civil  Order  and  Political  Life  in 
the  United  States;  and  The  Republic  of 
God.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1885,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

MULFORD,  PRENTICE,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1834  in  Long  Island.  He 
was  a  journalist  of  New  York  city  and 
San  Francisco;  and  the  author  of  The 
Swamp  Angel;  Life  by  Land  and  Sea;  and 
Your  Forces  and  How  to  Use  Them. 

MULLANY,  JAMES  ROBERT  MADI 
SON,  naval  officer,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1818, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  actively  en 
gaged  in  the  Mexican  and  civil  wars,  and 
attained  the  rank  of  commodore.  He  died 
Sept.  17,  1887,  in  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa. 

MULLANY,  PATRICK  FRANCIS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  June  29,  ,1847.  in 
Ireland.  He  was  a  Roman  catholic  edu 
cator  of  the  order  of  Brothers  of  the 
Christian  Schools;  president  of  Rock  Hill 
college  in  1878-89,  and  subsequently  a  res 
ident  of  New  York  city.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Development  of  English  Lit 
erature:  Old  English  Period;  Philosophy 
of  Literature;  Psychological  Aspects  of 
Education;  Address  on  Thinking;  Aris 
totle  and  the  Christian  Church;  Culture  of 
the  Spiritual  Sense;  and  Phases  of 
Thought  and  Criticism.  He  died  in  1893. 

MULLEN,  TOBIAS,  bishop,  was  born  in 
1818  in  Ireland.  He  was  consecrated 
bishop  of  Erie  in  1868. 

MULLER,  ALBERT  A.,  poet,  clergy 
man,  was  born  about  1800  in  Char 
leston,  S.  C.  One  of  his  poems  was  large 
ly  copied  in  the  newspapers  and  appeared 
as  the  first  piece  in  the  early  American 
editions  of  Moore's  Sacred  Melodies.  He 
published  a  volume  of  poems,  which  at 
tracted  much  attention. 

MULLER,  CARL  CHRISTIAN,  author, 
musician,  was  born  July  3,  1831,  in  Ger 
many.  He  was  leader  of  the  orchestra  at 
the  old  Barnum's  museum;  and  since  1879 
he  has  been  professor  of  harmony  of  the 
New  York  College  of  Music. 

MULLER,  NICHOLAS,  banker,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1836, 
in  Germany.  He  was  a  promoter  of  and 
director  in  the  Germania  bank  of  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
assembly  in  1875  and  1876;  and  of  the 
democratic  state  central  committee  in 
1875.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-fifth  and  for 
ty-sixth  congresses;  was  also  elected  to 
the  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

MULLER,  NIKOLAUS,  poet,  was  born 
in  1809  in  Germany.  He  was  a  German 
poet  who  emigrated  to  New  York  city  in 
1853  and  established  himself  there  as  a 
printer.  He  died  in  1873. 

MULLER,  RICHARD  A.,  artist,  en 
graver,  was  born  March  27,  1850,  in  Ba 
varia,  Germany.  He  has  attained  emi 
nence  as  an  artist  and  engraver  on  wood. 


MULLER-IIRY,  ADOLPH  FELIX,  por 
trait  painter,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1862,  in 
Switzerland.  Among  his  most  important 
portraits  are  Cardinal  Gibbons;  Chaun- 
cey  M.  Depew;  J.  J.  Hill  of  St.  Paul;  and 
a  full-size  portrait  of  Gen.  Grant. 

MULLETT,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1784,  in  Wit- 
tingham,  Vt.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1814;  and  in  1823  was  elected  to 
the  New  York  legislature,  serving  two 
terms.  In  1846  he  was  made  attorney  for 
Buffalo,  and  in  1847  he  became  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  York.  He  died 
Sept.  10,  1858. 

MULLIGAN,  JAMES  A.,  soldier,  was 
born  June  25,  1830,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  In 
1850  he  graduated  from  the  university 
of  St.  Mary's-of-the- 
Lake  of  Chicago; 
published  a  Roman 
catholic  paper;  and 
in  1857  began  prac 
ticing  law  in  Chi 
cago.  When  the  civ 
il  war  opened  he  or 
ganized  and  was 
chosen  colonel  of  the 
twenty-third  Illinois 
regiment,  known  as 
the  Irish  brigade.  He 
was  fatally  wounded 
July  24,  1864,  at  the  battle  of  Winchester, 
and  died  two  days  la-ter. 

MULLIGAN,  JOHN,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Jan.  12,  1820,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
Since  1890  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Connecticut  River  railroad. 

MULLIN,  JOSEPH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1847  to 
1849. 

MULLINS,  JAMES,  soldier,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1807,  in 
Bedford  county,  Tenn.  In  1831  he  was 
made  a  colonel  of  militia;  and  from  1840 
to  1846  was  a  county  sheriff.  He  was  a  del 
egate  to  the  Nashville  convention  of  1865; 
and  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature 
in  the  same  year,  and  made  speaker.  In 
1867  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  fortieth  congress. 

MULVANY,  PETER,  merchant,  con 
tractor,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1844,  in 
Ireland.  He  is  a  successful  merchant, 
hotel  keeper,  railroad  contractor  and 
builder  of  Salida,  Colo.  For  twelve  years 
he  has  been  a  director  in  the  Salida  Build 
ing  and  Loan  association.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems, 
and  has  contributed  extensively  to  the 
periodical  press  on  educational  and  other 
topics. 

MUMFORD,  GEORGE,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Rowan  county,  N. 
C.  He  represented  it  in  the  general  as 
sembly  in  1810  and  1811;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1817  to  1819. 
He  died  Dec.  31,  1818,  in  Washington. 

MUMFORD,  GURDON  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1805  to  1811. 

MUNDAY,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1844  in  Indiana.  He 
is  a  lawyer  of  Chicago;  and  the  author  of 
The  Spanish  Galleon;  and  The  Lost  Can 
yon  of  the  Toltecs,  both  tales  of  adven 
ture  for  boys. 

MUNDE,  PAUL  FORTUNATUS,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1846.  in 
Saxony.  He  is  a  prominent  New  York 
physician;  and  the  author  of  Obstetric 
Palpation;  Minor  Surgical  Gynaecology; 
and  Management  of  Pregnancy. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MUNFORD,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1775,  in  Mecklen 
burg  county,  Va.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Richmond,  Va.,  who,  beside  several  vol 
umes  of  Law  Reports,  published  a  volume 
of  Poems  (1798)  and  a  scholarly  blank- 
verse  translation  of  the  Iliad.  He  died 
June  21,  1825,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

MUNGEN,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  May  12,  1821, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1846  and  1848  he 
was  chosen  a  county  auditor  of  Ohio;  and 
in  1851  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  and 
declined  a  re-election.  He  was  appointed 
state  agent  to  visit  all  the  Ohio  troops 
in  the  department  of  Tennessee  with  poll- 
books  and  tally-sheets;  and  in  1864  was 
appointed  to  perform  the  same  duty  for 
the  Ohio  troops  in  the  army  of  the  Poto 
mac.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Ohio  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
first  congress  as  a  democrat. 

MUNGER,  THEODORE  THORNTON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  5, 
1830,  in  Bainbridge,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  con 
gregational  clergyman  of  New  Haven, 
prominent  among  liberal  thinkers  of  that 
faith;  and  the  author  of  On  the  Thresh 
old;  The  Freedom  of  Faith;  Lamps  and 
Paths;  and  The  Appeal  to  Life. 

MUNKITTRICK,  RICHARD  KEN 
DALL,  journalist,  author,  poet,  was  born 
in  1853  in  England.  He  is  a  humorous 
writer  of  New  York  city  on  the  editorial 
staff  of  Puck:  and  the  author  of  The 
Moon  Prince,  a  juvenile;  Farming;  and 
The  Acrobatic  Muse,  a  collection  of  hu 
morous  verse. 

MUNN,  GEORGE  F.,  artist,  was  born 
in  1852  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  He  has  painted 
and  sketched  in  Brittany,  and  has  exhibit 
ed  at  the  Dudley  gallery,  London,  at  Bir 
mingham,  and  elsewhere.  Among  his 
works  are  Wild  Flowers;  Roses;  Mead 
ow-Sweet;  and  A  Sunny  Day,  Brittany. 

MUNRO,  GEORGE,  publisher,  was  born 
Nov.  12,  1825,  in  Nova  Scotia.  In  1867  he 
published  the  Fireside  Companion;  was 
the  first  to  issue  a  series  of  cheap  novels 
in  the  form  of  a  weekly  journal,  and  in 
this  form  East  Lynne  first  appeared  in 
1877.  He  died  April  23,  1896,  in  Pine  Hill 
N.  Y. 

MUNROE,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  edu 
cator,  chemist,  author,  was  born  May  24, 
1849,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  has  been 
professor  of  chemistry  in  the  United 
States  Naval  academy,  and  in  the  United 
States  Naval  War  college  and  Torpedo 
station;  and  is  now  dean  of  the  Colum 
bian  university  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is 
the  author  of  one  hundred  scientific  pa 
pers. 

MUNROE,  [CHARLES]  KIRK,  author, 
was  born  in  1850  in  Wisconsin.  She  is  a 
popular  writer,  now  resident  in  Florida, 
whose  writings  are  mainly  for  juvenile 
readers.  She  is  the  author  of  Wakulla; 
Life  of  Mrs.  Stowe;  The  Flamingo  Feath 
er;  Derrick  Sterling;  Crystal  Jack  and 
Co.;  The  Golden  Days  of  '49;  Dorymates; 
Under  Orders;  Prince  Dusty;  Campmates; 
Canoemates;  Cab  and  Caboose;  Raft- 
mates;  The  Coral  Ship;  The  White  Con 
querors;  The  Fur  Seal's  Tooth;  Big  Cy 
press;  Snow-Shoes  and  Sledges;  Totem  of 
the  Bear;  Rick  Dale;  A  Young  War  Chief; 
and  At  War  with  Pontiac. 

MUNROE,  JAMES,  legislator,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Virginia. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York,  serving  from  1839 
to  1841.  He  was  a  member  of  the  as 
sembly  of  New  York  in  1850  and  1852, 
and  a  state  senator  during  the  three  sub 
sequent  years.  He  died  in  1870  in  New 
Jersey. 


MUNROE.  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1796  in  Scotland.  He  was  military 
and  civil  governor  of  New  Mexico  from 
October,  1849.  till  1850.  and  was  promoted 
lieutenant-colonel  in  1856.  He  died  April 
26,  1861,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

MUNSELL,  FRANKLIN,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1857  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  publisher  of  Albany;  and  the  author 
of  Chips  for  the  Chimney  Corner;  and 
The  Bibliography  of  Albany. 

MUNSELL,  JOEL,  printer,  publisher, 
author,  was  born  April  14,  1808,  in  North- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  a  printer  and  pub 
lisher  of  Albany;  and  the  author  of  Out 
lines  of  the  History  of  Printing;  Every- 
Day  Book  of  History  and  Chronology; 
and  Chronology  of  Paper  and  Paper-Mak 
ing.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1880,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

MUNSEY,  FRANK  ANDREW,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1854  in  Maine. 
He  is  a  prominent  magazine  publisher  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Afloat 
in  a  Great  City;  The  Boy  Broker;  and 
Deringforth. 

MUNSON,  ^NEAS,  physician,  educa 
tor,  legislator,  was  born  June  24,  1734,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  president  of 
the  Medical  society  of  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  professor  in  the  Medical  school  of 
Yale  from  its  organization  till  his  death. 
During  the  revolutionary  war  he  was  often 
a  member  of  the  legislature.  He  died 
June  16,  1826,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

MUNSON,  JAMES  EUGENE,  phono- 
grapher,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1835,  in 
Paris,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  phonographer  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  The 
Complete  Phonographer;  Dictionary  of 
Practical  Phonography;  and  Phrase  Book 
of  Practical  Phonography. 

MUNSON,  LOVELAND,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator.,  was  born  July  21,  1843,  in 
Manchester,  Vt.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  1870;  of  the 
house  of  representatives  in  1872,  1874  and 
1882;  and  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in 
1878.  He  was  register  of  probate  during 
1866-76;  and  a  judge  of  probate  in  1883- 
89.  The  latter  year  he  became  a  judge; 
and  was  re-elected  four  times,  serving 
until  1898. 

MUNSON,  LYMAN  E.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Montana. 

MUNSON,  MYRON  ANDREWS,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  May  5, 
1835,  in  Chester,  Mass.  He  graduated 
from  Harvard  in  1860;  and  from  Andover 
Theological  seminary  in  1864.  He  has 
made  a  tour  in  Europe;  served  as  a  sol 
dier;  taught  Latin,  German,  English  lit 
erature  and  geology;  and  performed^ min 
isterial  duty  in  Vermont,  Minnesota,  New 
York  and  Massachusetts.  His  health  fail 
ing,  he  engaged  in  historical  research, 
and  is  the  author  of  The  Munson  Record, 
in  two  volumes;  and  has  issued  a  dozen 
pamphlets  on  diverse  themes. 

MUNSON,  SAMUEL  LYMAN,  manufac 
turer,  financier,  was  born  June  14,  1844,  in 
Huntington,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful 
manufacturer  of  shirts  and  collars  of  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  trustee  and  secre 
tary  of  the  Home  Savings  bank;  and  a 
director  of  the  Albany  Exchange  National 
bank. 

MUNSON,  PETER,  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1859,  in  Sweden. 
He  graduated  from  the  Wesleyan  univer 
sity  of  Fullerton,  Neb.;  from  the  Swed 
ish  Theological  seminary  of  Evanston, 
111.;  and  for  three  years  attended  the  Illi 
nois  Wesleyan  university  of  Blooming- 
ton.  For  several  years  he  was  engaged 


in  educational  work;  is  now  pastor  and1 
secretary  of  the  western  Swedish  confer 
ence;  and  also  missionary  secretary  of 
the  Kansas-Nebraska  district. 

MUNSON,  WILLIAM  BENJAMIN,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1846,  in 
Fulton  county,  111.  In  1888  he  became 
president  of  the  Denison  and  Washita 
Valley  railway. 

MURAT,  NAPOLEON  ACHILLE.  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1801,  in  Paris, 
France.  In  his  youth  he  bore  the  title  of 
Prince  of  the  Two  Sicilies.  He  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1821,  was  naturalized 
and  settled  in  Tallahassee,  Fla.  He  was 
mayor  of  that  p!ace  in  1824,  and  postmas 
ter  in  1826-28.  He  died  April  15,  1847,  in 
Wasceissa,  Fla. 

MURBAUGH,  EDMUND  DANDRIDGE, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  Nov. 
18,  1853,  in  Uniontown,  Ala.  He  attended 
the  Mary  college,  and  the  university  of 
Virginia,  after  receiving  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  Fredericksburg.  He  has 
attained  success  as  an  educator;  has  been 
president  of  the  A.  and  M.  college  of 
Oklahoma;  and  is  now  the  president  of 
the  Oklahoma  Territorial  Normal  school. 

MURCH,  THOMPSON  H.,  stone  cutter, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  March 
29,  1838,  in  Hampden,  Maine.  For  eigh 
teen  years  he  was  a  stone  cutter,  and  in 
1877  became  the  editor  and  publisher  of 
The  Granite-Cutters'  International  Jour 
nal.  He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Maine  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh 
congresses. 

MURDOCH,  JAMES  EDWARD,  actor, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1811,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  noted  actor 
and  lecturer;  and  the  author  of  Orthoph- 
ony;  The  Stage;  Plea  for  Spoken  Lan 
guage;  and  Analytic  Elocution.  He  died 
in  1893. 

MURDOCK.  HAROLD,  author,  was  born 
in  1862  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a  bank 
cashier  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  The 
Reconstruction  of  Europe,  a  Sketch  of  the 
Diplomatic  and  Military  History  of  Con 
tinental  Europe  from  the  Rise  to  the  Fall 
of  the  Second  French  Empire. 

MURDOCK,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  16,  1776,  in  Westbrook, 
Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  and  educator  of  New  Haven.  He 
was  the  author  of  Sketches  of  Modern 
Philosophy,  and  translator  of  Mosheim's 
Ecclesiastical  History,  and  other  works, 
as  well  as  of  a  Literal  Translation  of  the 
New  Testament  from  the  Ancient  Syriac. 
He  died  Aug.  10,  1856,  in  Columbus,  Miss. 

MURDOCK,  SAMUEL  A.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1848,  in  Mt.  Holly, 
N.  J.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  a  pri 
vate  soldier  in  company  F,  eleventh  regi 
ment  Illinois  volunteer  cavalry,  and  was 
one  of  the  youngest  men  in  that  regiment. 
He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Havana,  111.; 
has  been  city  attorney  for  four  terms;  and 
has  filled  various  public  positions  of  hon 
or  in  .his  city,  county  and  state. 

MURFREE,  FANNY  NOAILLES  DICK 
INSON,  author.  She  is  the  author  of 
Felicia,  a  novel. 

MURFREE,  MARY  NOAILLES— 
Charles  Egbert  Craddock — author,  was 
born  about  1840  in  Grantlands,  Tenn.  She 
is  the  author  of  In  the  Tennessee  Moun 
tains;  Where  the  Battle  was  Fought;  The 
Prophet  of  the  Great  Smoky  Mountains; 
Down  the  Ravine;  His  Vanished  Star;  In 
the  Clouds;  The  Story  of  Keedon  Bluffs; 
The  Despot  of  Broomsedge  Cove;  In  the 
Stranger  People's  Country;  The  Phan 
toms  of  the  Footbridge;  The  Mystery  of 
Witch-Face  Mountain,  and  Other  Stories; 
and  The  Juggler. 


HERRINOSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


683 


MURFREE,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Hert 
ford  county,  N.  C.  He  served  in  the 
North  Carolina  state  legislature  in  1805; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  1813 
to  1817;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1813.  He  died  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

MURFREE,  WILLIAM  LAW,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  July  19,  1817.  in  Mur- 
freesboro,  N.  C.  In  1881  he  edited  the 
Central  Law  Journal;  and  is  the  author 
of  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Sheriffs; 
Official  Bonds;  and  Practice  before  Jus 
tices  of  the  Peace.  He  died  Aug.  23,  1892, 
in  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

MURPHEY,  ABNER  GOFF,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1831, 
in  Knox  county,  Ohio.  He  is  the  presi 
dent  of  Logan  Female  college  of  Russell- 
ville,  Ky. 

MURPHEY,  ARCHIBALD  DEBOW. 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  in  1777 
in  Caswell  county,  N.  C.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  numerous  law  works,  and  a  his 
tory  of  his  state.  He  died  Feb.  3,  1832,  in 
Hillsborough,  N.  C. 

MURPHY,  LADY  BLANCHE  ELIZA 
BETH  MARY  ANNUNCIATA  [NOEL], 
author,  was  born  about  1850  in  England. 
She  is  the  author  of  On  the  Rhine,  and 
Other  Sketches.  She  died  March  22,  1881, 
in  North  Conway,  N.  H. 

MURPHY,  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1851  to 
1853. 

MURPHY,  EDGAR  GARDNER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1869,  in 
Fort  Smith,  Ark.  He  now  fills  a  pastor 
ate  in  Kingston,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Larger  Life;  Words  for  the 
Church;  and  has  contributed  extensively 
to  current  literature. 

MURPHY,  EDWARD,  JR.,  state  .legisla 
tor,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Dec. 
15,  1836,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
to  the  New  York  state  legislature  in  1875, 
and  re-elected  in  1877,  1879  and  in  1881. 
He  was  elected  United  States  senator  to 
fill  a  vacancy,  and  took  his  seat  March  4, 
1893.  His  term  of  service  in  the  senate 
will  expire  March  3,  1899. 

MURPHY,  EVERETT  J.,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  July  24,  1852, 
in  Nashville,  111.  In  1886  he  was  elected 
a  representative  to  the  general  assembly 
of  Illinois,  and  in  1889  was  appointed 
warden  of  the  Southern  Illinois  peniten 
tiary,  which  position  he  held  until  1892, 
when  he  removed  to  East  St.  Louis,  where 
he  now  resides.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

MURPHY,  FRANKLIN,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1836,  in 
Jersey  City,  N.  J.  In  1865  he  founded  the 
firm  of  Murphy  and 
Co.,  varnish  manu 
facturers  of  Newark. 
Since  then,  his  time, 
••  energies  and  great 
business  capacity 
",  have  been  devoted, 

•  in  the  main,   to   the 
j  promotion      of      this 

^•^^Kfck.  'g  trade.     The    Murphy 

•  varnishes     are     now 
B  sold     all     over     the 

•£..          |  world,  and  the  Mur 
phy      Varnish      Co., 

which  succeeded  the  firm  in  1891,  and  of 
which  Mr.  Murphy  is  president,  has  fac 
tories  in  Newark,  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  and 
Cleveland,  and  transacts  an  enormous 
business.  He  has  served  as  member  of 
the  Newark  common  council  and  of  the 
New  Jersey  legislature;  is  now  chairman 
of  the  republican  state  committee,  and  is 
active  in  each  campaign. 


MURPHY,  GEORGE  ARTHUR,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1858,  in 
Starke  county,  Ind.  In  1888  he  moved  to 
Beatrice,  Neb.  In  1890  he  was  chosen 
city  attorney;  in  1894  was  elected  county 
attorney;  and  in  1896  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Nebraska  state  legislature. 

MURPHY,  HENRY  CRUSE,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  July  5,  1810,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  at  one  time  at 
torney  for  the  city  of  Brooklyn;  and  was 
elected  mayor  of  that  city  in  1842.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1843  to  1849;  and  was 
appointed  minister  to  The  Hague.  On  his 
return  from  Europe  he  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  of  New  York,  serving  in 
both  the  assembly  and  senate.  He  was 
again  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1868 
and  1869.  In  1868  he  published  a  transla 
tion  from  the  Dutch  entitled  Journal  of 
a  Voyage  to  New  York  in  1679-80.  His 
other  works  are:  Henry  Hudson  in  Hol 
land;  and  Anthology  of  the  New  Neth 
erlands.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1882,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

MURPHY,  ISAAC,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Arkansas  from  1864  to  1868. 

MURPHY,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer,  was  born 
June  21,  1862,  in  Clermont,  Iowa.  He 
attended  the  Commercial  college  of  Du- 
buque,  Iowa;  was  postmaster  of  Carring- 
ton,  N.  D.,  for  two  years;  has  been  clerk 
of  the  district  court;  and  in  1893-95  was 
deputy  commissioner  of  insurance  for 
North  Dakota.  He  has  a  large  practice 
in  Jamestown,  N.  D.;  and  takes  a  promi 
nent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  'his 
county  and  state. 

MURPHY,  JEREMIAH  H.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  19, 
1835,  in  Lowell,  Mass.  He  was  mayor  of 
Davenport,  Iowa,  in  1873;  and  was  a  state 
senator  from  1874  to  1878.  He  was  again 
elected  mayor  of  Davenport  in  1880.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Iowa 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

MURPHY,  JOHN,  congressman,  govern 
or,  was  born  in  1786,  In  Columbia,  S.  C. 
He  moved  to  Alabama  in  1817;  was  gov 
ernor  of  Alabama  from  1825  to  1829;  and 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1833  to  1835.  He  died  Sept.  21, 
1841,  in  Clarke  county,  Ala. 

MURPHY,  JOHN,  publisher,  was  born 
March  12,  1812,  in  Ireland.  In  1855  he 
printed  a  translation  of  the  Definition  of 
the  Dogma  of  the  Immaculate  Concep 
tion,  for  which  Pope  Pius  IX  sent  him  a 
gold  medal.  He  died  May  27,  1880,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

MURPHY,  JOHN  ALBERT,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1837,  in  Rich  Fork, 
N.  C.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Catawba  college,  N.  C.,  from  which  insti 
tution  he  received  his  degree  of  D.  D.; 
and  the  degree  of  A.  M.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Trinity  college.  In  1857  he 
joined  the  St.  Louis  conference  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church  south;  and  in 
1879  was  transferred  to  the  northwest 
Texas  conference. 

MURPHY,  JOHN  FRANCIS,  landscape- 
painter,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1853,  in  Oswe- 
go,  N.  Y.  In  1885  he  received  the  second 
Hallgarten  prize  for  his  painting  Tints 
of  a  Vanished  Past,  and  he  took  the 
Webb  prize  at  the  Society  of  American 
Artists  in  1887.  His  works  include  Sunny 
Slopes;  Upland  Cornfield;  October;  Late 
Afternoon;  April  Weather;  Woodland; 
Rocky  Slope;  Weedy  Brook;  Sultry  Sea 
son;  Edge  of  a  Pond;  After  the  Frosts; 
The  Yellow  Leaf;  Indian  Summer;  Sun 
down;  and  Brooks  and  Fields. 


MURPHY,  JOHN  L.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  appointed  an 
associate  justice  of  the  United  States, 
court  for  the  territory  of  Montana,  resid 
ing  in  Virginia  City. 

MURPHY,  JOHN  McLEOD,  civil  engi 
neer,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1827,  in  North- 
castle,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the  United  States 
navy  as  midshipman  in  1841;  was  pro 
moted  past  midshipman  in  1847;  and 
resigned  in  1852.  He  died  June  1,  1871,  in 
New  York  city. 

MURPHY,  NATHAN  0.,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  in  1849,  in  Lincoln 
county,  Maine.  He  settled  in  Prescott,. 
Ariz.,  in  1883.  The  governorship  was  ten 
dered  to  him  and  he  took  his  seat  in  1892. 
He  was  the  unanimous  nominee  of  his. 
party  for  delegate  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress,  and  was  elected  by  a  large  plu 
rality. 

MURPHY,  ROBERT  S.,  soldier,  public 
official,  legislator,  was  born  April  15,  1840, 
in  Paulding  county,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  en 
listed  as  a  private  in 
company  E,  thirtieth 
regiment  Indiana 
volunteer  infantry; 
was  continuously  in 
the  service,  and  par 
ticipated  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Shiloh,  the 
siege  of  Vicksburg, 
and  numerous  other 
engagements  until 
1865;  and  was  com 
missioned  first  lieu 
tenant  of  marines 

May  9,  1864.  He  has  filled  numerous  pub 
lic  positions  of  trust  in  Mandale,  Ohio; 
has  been  justice  of  the  peace  and  county 
auditor;  and  was  elected  to  the  seventy- 
second  general  assembly  of  the  Ohio  state 
legislature  as  a  republican. 

MURPHY,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1823,  in  Ireland. 
He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Phila 
delphia;  and  the  author  of  Pastoral 
Theology;  Pastor  and  People;  and  Duties 
of  Church  Members. 

MURPHY,  THOMAS  F.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Aug.  19,  1850,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
In  1876  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  is 
now  a  prominent  lawyer  in  his  native  city. 
He  has  filled  various  public  positions  of 
honor  in  Syracuse;  and  has  always  taken 
an  active  part  in  political  affairs. 

MURRAH,  PENDLETON,  governor,, 
was  born  in  Alabama.  He  was  governor 
of  Texas  from  1863  to  1865.  He  died  Sept. 
23,  1865,  in  Monterey,  Mexico. 

MURRAH,  WILLIAM  BELTON,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  in  May, 
1851,  in  Pickensville,  Ala.  He  attended 
the  Southern  university  of  Greensboro, 
Ala.  He  is  an  eminent  clergyman,  and 
has  filled  pastorates  in  a  number  of  im 
portant  churches.  For  many  years  he  was 
vice-president  of  the  Whitworth  Female 
college;  and  is  now  president  of  Millsops 
college,  Jackson. 

MURRAY,  ALEXANDER,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1816  in  Philadelphia.  He 
entered  the  United  States  navy  in  1835; 
became  commodore  in  1871,  and  rear-ad- 
rciral  on  the  retired  list  in  1876.  He  died 
Nov.  10,  1884,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

MURRAY,  AMBROSE  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the  thir 
ty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 

MURRAY,  DAVID,  educator,  author, 
Was  born  Oct.  15,  1830,  in  Bovina,  N.  Y. 
He  is  an  educator  of  New  York  city,  for 
eign  adviser  to  the  Japanese  government 
en  education;  and  the  author  of  Manual 
of  Land  Surveying;  Outline  History  of 
Japanese  Education;  and  The  Story  of 
Japan. 


684 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


MURRAY,  DAVID  RODMAN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  March  13. 
1847,  in  Cloverport,  Ky.  He  graduated 
, from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  univer- 
,  ,  sity  of  Michigan.  He 
i  served  in  the  union 
army  as  adjutant  of 
the  seventeenth  reg 
iment  Kentucky  vol 
unteer  cavalry,  and 
was  mustered  out 
in  October,  1865,  in 
Louisville,  Ky. ;  and 
was  subsequently 
acting  assistant  ad 
jutant-general  of  the 
second  Kentucky  brigade.  During  1877-81 
he  served  with  distinction  as  a  state  sena 
tor  in  the  Kentucky  legislature.  He  is 
one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Kentucky, 
and  resides  in  his  native  city. 

MURRAY,  ELI  HOUSTON,  governor, 
was  born  Sept.  12,  1844,  in  Breckinridge 
county,  Ky.  He  was  for  a  time  United 
States  marshal  for  Kentucky.  In  1880  he 
was  appointed  governor  of  the  territory 
of  Utah  for  the  term  of  four  years. 

MURRAY,  EPHRAIM  CLARK,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Feb.  5, 
1861,  in  Eclisto  Island,  S.  C.  He  has  filled 
various  pastorates  in  the  churches  of 
North  and  South  Carolina;  and  is  now 
the  president  of  the  Presbyterian  college 
of  South  Carolina. 

MURRAY,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1853,  near 
Rembert,  S.  C.  He  was  elected  from  South 
Carolina  to  the  fifty-third,  and  was  re- 
nominated  for  the  fifty-fourth  congress  by 
the  republicans. 

MURRAY,  HANNAH  LINDLEY,  trans 
lator,  author,  was  born  March  10,  1777, 
in  New  York  city.  She  painted,  wrote 
verses  and  hymns,  and,  aided  by  her  sis 
ter,  composed  a  poem  in  eight  books  on 
the  Restoration  of  the  Jews.  She  died 
July  3,  1836,  in  New  York  city. 

MURRAY,  JAMES  ORMSBEE,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1827.  He  is  an 
educator,  professor  of  English  literature 
in  Princeton  college,  and  dean  of  the  col 
lege  from  1886.  He  is  the  author  of  Life 
of  Francis  Wayland. 

MURRAY.  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1817  to  1821. 

MURRAY,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  22,  1742,  in  Ireland.  He 
held  presbyterian  pastorates  in  Philadel 
phia.  Boothbay,  Maine,  and  Newburyport, 
Mass.  He  published  Sermons  on  Justifi 
cation;  and  Sermons  on  the  Original  Sin 
Imputed.  He  died  March  13,  1793,  in  New 
buryport,  Mass. 

MURRAY,  JOHN  L.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1838  to  1839. 

MURRAY,  JOHN  O'KANE,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1847,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  a  physician  and  author  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Popular 
History  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  the 
United  States;  Catholic  Pioneers  of 
America;  Lessons  in  English  Literature; 
The  Prose  and  Poetry  of  Ireland;  Little 
Lives  of  the  Great  Saints;  and  Catholic 
Heroes  and  Heroines  of  America.  He  died 
July  30,  1885,  in  Chicago,  III. 

MURRAY,  JOHN  YOUNG,  physician, 
surgeon,  legislator,  was  born  May  6,  1829, 
in  McNairy  county,  Tenn.  He  has  filled 
the  principal  offices  of  his  town,  county 
and  state;  has  held,  among  other  posi 
tions,  that  of  county  treasurer,  sheriff, 
and  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 


of  the  Mississippi  state  legislature.  Since 
1849  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  one  of  the  leading 
physicians  of  the  south.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Mississippi  State  Medical 
association;  president  of  the  Tri-State 
Medical  association,  which  includes  the 
states  of  Tennessee,  Arkansas,  and  Missis 
sippi.  He  has  been  grand  master  and 
grand  high  priest  of  Masons  of  Missis 
sippi;  and  is  well  known  throughout  the 
state  as  a  man  of  scholarly  attainments 
and  integrity. 

MURRAY,  LINDLEY,  educator,  author, 
was  born  April  22,  1745,  near  Lancaster, 
Pa.  He  was  a  famous  grammarian  whose 
life  after  1784  was  passed  near  York,  Eng 
land.  He  was  the  author  of  Grammar  of 
the  English  Language;  Power  of  Religion 
on  the  Mind;  and  Compendium  of  Relig 
ious  Faith  and  Practice.  He  died  Feb.  16, 
1826,  in  England. 

MURRAY,  NICHOLAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1802,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Eliza- 

beth,   N.   J.,   famous 

in  his  day  as  a  con 
troversialist;  and  the 
author  of  Letters  by 
Kirwan     to     Bishop 
.    Hughes;     Romanism 
,#*%.    »*S^.  •    at  Home;     Men  and 

Things;    The   Happy 
I   Home;      Preachers 
I    and  Preaching;     and 
^     1    Parish      and      Other 
^k      Pencillings.    He  died 
J|  §EJ|    Feb.   4,   1861,  in   Eli- 

zabethtown,    N.    J. 

MURRAY,  RICHARD  A.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1833,  in 
Champlain,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  a  soldier 
during  the  civil  war,  and  was  colonel  of 
the  ninth  regiment  Minnesota  militia.  He 
is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Madison,  S.  D., 
where  he  has' filled  the  office  of  county 
judge. 

MURRAY,  ROBERT,  surgeon,  was  born 
Aug.  6,  1822,  in  Howard  county,  Md.  He 
was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  the 
United  States  army  in  1846;  and  received 
the  brevets  of  lieutenant-colonel  and  col 
onel  in  1865  for  meritorious  service  during 
the  civil  war. 

MURRAY,  ROBERT  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1841,  in 
Concord,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

MURRAY,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Northumberland  county.  Pa.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1821  to  1823. 

MURRAY,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1851  to  1855. 

MURRAY,  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRI 
SON,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April 
26,  1840,  in  Guilford,  Conn.  He  was  a 
noted  congregational  minister,  pastor  of 
Park  Street  church,  Boston,  in  1868-74; 
and  the  author  of  Adventures  in  the  Wil 
derness;  Adirondack  Tales;  Deacons; 
Music  Hall  Sermons;  The  Perfect  Horse; 
Sermons  from  Park  Street  Pulpit;  How 
Deacon  Tubner  Kept  New  Year's;  The 
Doom  of  Mamelons;  Daylight  Land;  and 
Words  Fitly  Spoken. 

MURRAY,  WILLIAM  VANS,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  in  1762,  in  Cambridge,  Md.  He  was 
soon  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Maryland 
legislature;  and  in  1791  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress,  and  continued  in 
that  position  until  1797,  when  he  declined 


being  a  candidate.  He  was  appointed 
minister  to  the  Netherlands;  and  in  con 
nection  with  Mr.  Ellsworth  and  Mr.  Davie, 
negotiated  a  treaty  with  France  in  1800. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  treatise  on  The 
Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1803,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Md. 

MUSICK,  JOHN  ROY,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  28,  1849,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He 
is  a  novelist  and  historian  of  Kirksville, 
Mo.;  and  the  author  of  The  Banker  of 
Bedford;  History  Stories  of  Wisconsin; 
Calamity  Row;  Brother  against  Brother; 
Mysterious  Mr.  Howard;  and  a  series  of 
twelve  Columbian  historical  novels,  in 
cluding  Columbia;  Estevan;  St.  Au 
gustine;  Pocahontas;  The  Pilgrims;  A 
Century  Too  Soon,  a  story  of  Bacon's  Re 
bellion;  The  Witch  of  Salem;  Braddock; 
Independence;  Sustained  Honor;  Hum 
bled  Pride;  and  Union. 

MUSSEY,  REUBEN  DIMOND,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  June  23,  1780,  in 
Pelham,  N.  H.  He  was  a  Boston  physi 
cian  who  published  Health:  its  Friends 
and  its  Foes.  He  died  June  21,  1866,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

MUSSEY,  WILLIAM  HEBERDON,  sur 
geon,  educator,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1818, 
in  Hanover.  He  was  a  medical  inspector 
in  the  civil  war;  professor  of  operative 
and  clinical  surgery  in  the  Miami  Medical 
college,  Ohio,  in  1865-82;  and  surgeon- 
general  of  Ohio  in  1876.  He  died  Aug.  1, 
1882,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

MUTCHLER,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1831,  in 
Northampton  county,  Pa.  In  1860  he  was 
elected  prothonotary  of  his  native  county, 
and  re-elected  in  1863;  and  was  for  two 
years  an  assessor  of  internal  revenue.  In 
1869  and  1870  he  was  chairman  of  the 
democratic  state  committee.  In  1874  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and 
was  again  a  representative  in  the  forty- 
seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

MUTCHMORE,  SAMUEL  ALEXAN 
DER,  clergyman,  journalist,  author.  Since 
1882  he  has  been  pastor  of  the  Memorial 
church  of  Philadelphia.  He  is  the  author 
of  A  Visit  of  Japheth  to  Shem  and  Ham; 
The  Mongal;  The  Mikado;  and  The  Mis 
sionary- 

MUTTER,  THOMAS  DENT,  physician, 
author,  was  born  March  9,  1811,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.  In  1841-56  he  was  professor  of 
surgery  in  Jefferson  Medical  college.  He 
wrote  an  account  of  the  salt  sulphur 
springs  of  Virginia,  an  essay  on  Club- 
Foot,  contributed  various  professional  pa 
pers  to  periodicals,  and  published  an  edi 
tion  of  Robert  Listen's  Lecture  on  the 
Operations  of  Surgery,  with  additions.  He 
died  March  16,  1859,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

MUZ2EY,  ARTEMAS  BOWERS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1802,  in 
Lexington,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman  of  Massachusetts  who  retired  from 
active  ministry  in  1865.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Blade  and  the  Ear;  Prime 
Movers  of  the  Revolution;  The  Young 
Men's  Friend;  Mora!  Teacher;  Christ  in 
the  Will,  the  Heart,  and  Life;  The  High 
er  Education;  Immortality  in  the  Light  of 
Scripture  and  Science;  Truths  Conse 
quent  upon  Belief  in  God;  and  Education 
of  Old  Age.  He  died  in  1892. 

MYER,  ALBERT  JAMES,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1827,  in  New- 
burg,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  United  States  army,  for  some  years 
chief  signal  officer;  and  author  of  Manual 
of  Signals  for  Use  in  the  Field.  He  died 
Aug.  24,  1880,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


685 


MYERS,  AMOS,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  April  23,  1824,  in  Lancaster 
county,  Pa.  In  1847  he  was  appointed  a 
district  attorney;  and  in  1862  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress. 

MYERS,  EDMUND  T.  D.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  July  13,  1830,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.  Since  1889  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Richmond,  Predericksburg 
and  Potomac  railroad. 

MYERS,   JOHN   GILLESPY,    merchant, 
banker.     In  1860  he  commenced  business 
for  himself  at  the  corner  of  Bleecker  and 
Christopher     streets, 
^  New  York,  where  he 

remained  until  1865. 
Removing  then  to 
Albany,  which  is  yet 
his  home,  he  con- 
..  _^B  tinues  to  manage  an 

extensive  modern 
dry  goods  business. 
In  addition  to  this, 
he  devotes  consider 
able  of  his  time  to 
building  and  improv 
ing  city  property, 
of  which  he  is  a  large  owner.  He  is  vice- 
president  of  the  Merchant's  National  bank, 
vice-president  of  the  Commerce  Insurance 
Co.,  vice-president  of  the  National  Sav 
ings  bank,  director  of  the  Albany  railway, 
a  governor  of  the  Albany  hospital,  a  trus 
tee  of  the  Orphan  asylum,  the  Female 
academy,  and  the  Fort  Orange  club. 

MYERS,  LEONARD,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  translator,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1827, 
in  Attleborough,  Pa.  He  was  solicitor  for 
two  municipal  districts  in  Philadelphia; 
and  codified  the  ordinances  for  the  con 
solidation  of  the  city.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth,  for 
tieth,  forty-first,  forty-second,  and  forty- 
third  congresses  as  a  republican. 

MYERS,  PETER  HAMILTON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1812,  in  Herki- 
mer,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  ro- 
^^^^^^^^^^^^  mancer  of  Brooklyn; 
and  the  author  of 
The  First  of  the 
Knickerbockers,  a 
tale;  The  Young  Pa- 
troon;  The  King  of 
the  Hurons;  and  The 
Prisoner  of  the  Bor 
der.  He  died  Aug.  30, 
1878,  in  Brooklyn,  N. 
Y.  Besides  his  pub 
lished  works  he  was 
a  constant  contribu 
tor  to  the  leading 
newspapers  and  magazines  of  the  United 
States. 

MYERS,  PHILIP  VAN  NESS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1846  in  New  York. 
He  is  an  educator  of  Cincinnati,  professor 
of  history  and  political  economy  in  the 
university  of  Cincinnati  in  1890,  and  dean 
of  the  university  in  1895.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Life  and  Nature  under  the  Trop 
ics;  Remains  of  Lost  Empires;  Outlines 
of  Ancient  History;  Outlines  of  Mediaeval 
and  Modern  History;  A- History  of  Greece; 
The  Eastern  Nations  and  Greece;  A  His 
tory  of  Rome;  and  General  History. 

MYERS,  MRS.  SARAH  ANN  [IRWIN], 
was  born  in  1800,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 
She  was  a  writer  and  artist  of  Carlisle, 
Pa.  Among  her  many  contributions  to 
juvenile  literature  are,  Margaret  Gordon; 
Impatient  Ellen;  and  The  Silk-Weaver 
of  Lyons.  She  died  Dec.  11,  1876,  in  Car 
lisle,  Pa. 

MYERS,  WILLIAM  FENTON  lawyer, 
was  born  June  7,  1868,  in  Florida,  N.  Y. 


After  receiving  the  rudiments  of  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools,  he  attended 
Amsterdam  academy,  and  subsequently 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of 
the  Northwestern  unhersity  with  the  de 
gree  of  LL.  B.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  is  now  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  where  he  is  prominent 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county 
and  state. 

MYRICK,  MILTON  HILLS,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  May  28,  1826,  in  Marshall, 
N.  Y.  During  1872-80  he  was  probate 
judge  of  the  city  and  county  of  San  Fran 
cisco:  and  during  1880-87  was  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  California. 

NABERS,  BENJAMIN  D.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Missis 
sippi  from  1851  to  1853.  Returning  to 
Tennessee  he  was  a  presidential  elector 
in  1861  from  that  state. 

NACK,  JAMES,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Jan.  4,  1809,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
a  deaf  and  dumb  poet  of  New  York  city; 
and  the  author  of  The  Legend  of  the  Ark; 
Earl  Rupert;  The  Immortal,  a  dramatic 
romance;  and  The  Romance  of  the  King, 
and  Other  Poems.  He  died  Sept.  23,  1879, 
in  New  York  city. 

NADAL,  BERNHARD  HARRISON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  27, 
1812,  in  Talbot  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
methodist  clergyman  and  educator  of  Vir 
ginia  who  published  New  Life  Dawning. 
He  died  June  20,  1870,  in  Madison,  N.  J. 

NADAL,  EHRMAN  SYME,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1843.  in  Lewis- 
burg,  W.  Va.  He  is  a  journalist  who  has 
lived  much  in  London  as  secretary  of  le 
gation  in  1870,  1871,  and  1877-84.  He 
is  the  author  of  Essays  at  Home  and  Else 
where;  Impressions  of  London  Social 
Life;  and  Zweiback,  or  Notes  of  a  Pro 
fessional  Exile. 

NAFTZGER,  GEORGE  EDWARD,  jour 
nalist,  lecturer,  poet,  was  born  April  30, 
1859,  in  Lima,  Ohio.  After  receiving  a 
liberal  education,  he 
learned  the  printer's 
trade,  and  in  1879 
became  associate  ed 
itor  of  The  Herald  of 
Edgerton,  Ohio.  He 
has  since  been  iden 
tified  with  different 
Ohio  newspapers,  in 
cluding  the  Sunday 
Morning  Gossip, 
Spencerville  Journal. 
St.  Mary  Argus,  and 
the  Democrat  of  La- 
con,  111.  During  1888-89  he  lectured  ex 
tensively  in  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Michigan. 
He  has  contributed  to  many  of  the  lead 
ing  publications  of  America;  and  his 
poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  Poets 
of  America,  and  other  standard  works. 

NAISBITT,  HENRY  W.,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1829,  in  England. 
Since  1854  he  has  lived  in  Utah,  except 
ing  occasional  visits 
to  the  east  and  two 
years  in  Europe.  He 
is  the  editor  and 
owner  of  a  monthly 
magazine  entitled 
Zion's  Home  Month 
ly,  published  in  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah;  and 
has  contributed  val 
uable  papers  to  the 
leading  newspapers 
and  magazines  of 
America.  As  a  poet 

he  has  written  many  of  great  merit,  some 
of  which  have  appeared  in  Poets  of  Amer 
ica,  and  other  national  collections. 


NANCE,  ALBINUS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  March 
30,  1848,  in  La  Fayette,  HI.  He  served  in 
the  union  army  throughout  the  civil  war. 
In  1871  he  moved  to  Nebraska;  was 
a  representathe  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1875-78;  and  was  speaker  of  the  house 
the  two  latter  years.  He  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Nebraska  in  1878,  and  re-elected 
in  1880. 

NAPHEGI,  GABOR,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1824  in  Hungary.  He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Buda-Pesth  who  became  a  natural 
ized  American  citizen  in  1868.  He  was  the 
author  of  Ghardia,  or  Ninety  Days  in  the 
Desert;  The  Album  of  Language;  Hun 
gary;  Among  the  Arabs;  and  The  Grand 
Review  of  the  Dead,  a  volume  of  poetry 
He  died  in  1884. 

NAPHEYS,  GEORGE  HENRY,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  in  1842  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  a  prominent  physician 
and  medical  writer  of  Philadelphia;  and 
the  author  of  The  Body  and  its  Ailments; 
Modern  Medical  Therapeutics;  Modern 
Surgical  Therapeutics;  The  Transmission 
of  Life;  Physical  Life  of  Woman;  Pre 
vention  and  Cure  of  Disease;  and  Person 
al  Beauty.  He  died  in  1876. 

NASH,  ABNER,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  8, 
1716,  in  Prince  "Edward  county,  Va.  He 
was  the  first  elected  speaker  of  the  North 
Carolina  senate,  serving  se-seral  terms.  He 
was  the  second  governor  of  the  state 
under  the  constitution  in  1781.  From  1782 
to  1785  he  was  in  the  assembly;  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1782  to  1786.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1786, 
in  New  York. 

NASH,  CHARLES  E.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  23,  1844,  in  Opelousas, 
La.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Louisiana  to  the  forty-fourth 
and  forty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republi 
can. 

NASH,  FRANCIS,  soldier,  was  born  May 
10,  1720,  in  Prince  Edward  county,  Va. 
He  was  commissioned  brigadier-general 
by  the  continental  congress  in  1777,  and 
commanded  a  brigade  at  the  battle  of 
Germantown,  where  he  was  mortally 
wounded.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1777,  in  Ger 
mantown,  Pa. 

NASH,  FREDERICK,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1781,  in 
New  Berne,  N.  C.  He  represented  New 
Berne  in  the  legislature  in  1813-17.  He 
was  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  from 
1818  till  his  resignation  in  1824;  and  was 
re-elected  to  that  office  in  1836.  He  died 
Dec.  5,  1858,  in  Hillsborough,  N.  C. 

NASH.  HENRY  SYLVESTER,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1854 
in  Ohio.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  professor  of  New 
Testament  interpretation  in  the  Episcopal 
Theological  school  since  1884.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Genesis  of  the  Social  Con 
science;  and  The  Relation  Between  the 
Establishment  of  Christianity  in  Europe 
and  the  Social  Question. 

NASH,  SIMEON,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  21,  1804,  in  South  Hadley, 
Mass.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Gallipolis, 
Ohio;  and  the  author  of  Digest  of  Ohio 
Reports;  Pleading  and  Practice  under  the 
Civil  Code;  Morality  and  the  State;  and 
Crime  and  the  Family.  He  died  Jan  19, 
1879,  in  Gallipolis,  Ohio. 

NASH,  WILEY  NORRIS,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  in  1846,  in  Noxu- 
bee,  Miss.  He  served  gallantly  in  the 
confederate  service,  and  gained  the  rank 
of  sergeant.  He  served  with  distinction 
in  the  Mississippi  state  legislature;  and  is 
now  attorney-general  of  the  state  of 
Mississippi. 


686 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


NASON,  ELIAS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  21,  1811,  in  Wrentham, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  minister 
of  North  Billerica,  Mass.,  among  whose 
numerous  religious  biographical  and  his 
torical  writings  are,  Gazetteer  of  Massa 
chusetts;  Life  of  John  A.  Andrew;  Lives 
of  Moody  and  Sankey;  Life  of  Charles 
Sumner;  Life  of  Henry  Wilson;  History 
of  Middlesex  County;  Originality;  Thou 
Shalt  Not  Steal;  and  Fountains  of  Sal 
vation.  He  died  June  17,  1887,  in  North 
Billerica,  Mass. 

NASON, MRS.  EMMA  [HUNTINGTON], 
poet,  was  born  in  1845  in  Maine.  She  is 
a  poet  of  Augusta,  Maine;  and  the  au 
thor  of  White  Sails  (verse) ;  The  Tower, 
with  Legends  and  Lyrics. 

NASON,  HENRY  BRADFORD,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  June  22,  1831,  in 
f'oxborough,  Mass.  He  was  a  professor 
of  chemistry  in  the  Troy  Polytechnic  in 
stitute;  and  the  author  of  Table  of  Re 
actions  for  Qualitative  Analysis;  and  Ta 
ble  for  Qualitative  Analysis  in  Colors.  He 
died  in  1895. 

NAST,  THOMAS,  caricaturist,  was  born 
Sept.  27,  1840,  in  Bavaria.  When  fifteen 
years  old  he  began  to  furnish  illustrations 
to  the  papers,  and  during  the  war  began 
his  long  series  of  effective  political  cari 
catures  in  Harper's  Weekly. 

NAST,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  June  15,  1807,  in 
Germany.  He  is  a  methodist  minister  of 
Cincinnati,  editor  of  The  Christian  Apolo 
gist  for  many  years;  and  the  author  of 
•Christological  Meditations;  Gospel  Re 
cords;  A  German  Commentary  on  the 
New  Testament;  and  Das  Christen thum 
und  seine  Gegensatze. 

NAUDAIN,  ARNOLD,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1790,  in  Dover, 
Del.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Delaware  from  1829  to  1836.  He  died  Jan. 
4,  1872,  in  Odessa,  Del. 

NAVARRO,  MADAME  MARY  ANTOI 
NETTE  [ANDERSON]  DE,  actress,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1859  in  California.  She 
was  a  popular  actress  who  retired  from 
the  stage  in  1890,  was  married  to  M.  de 
Navarro  soon  after,  and  has  since  lived 
in  England.  She  is  the  author  of  A  Few 
Memories,  an  autobiography. 

NAYLOR,  CHARLES,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1806,  in  Philadel 
phia  county,  Pa.  He  represented  his  na 
tive  district  in  congress  from  1837  to  1841. 
He  died  Dec.  24,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NEAD,  BENJAMIN  MATTHIAS,  law 
yer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  July  14, 
1847,  in  Antrim,  Pa.  He  is  a  lawyer  and 
journalist  of  Harrisburg;  and  the  author 
of  Sketches  of  Early  Chambersburg;  Guide 
to  County  Officers;  Early  Government  of 
Pennsylvania;  and  Brief  Review  of  the 
Financial  History  of  Pennsylvania. 

NEAGLE,  JOHN,  portrait-painter,  was 
born  Nov.  4,  1796,  in  Boston,  Mass.  His 
first  decided  success  was  a  portrait  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  Pilmore,  which  is  in  St. 
George's  hall,  Philadelphia.  In  1825  he 
painted  his  celebrated  full-length  portrait 
of  Patrick  Lyon,  the  blacksmith,  at  his 
forge,  which  is  now  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts,  Philadelphia. 
He  died  Sept.  17,  1865,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NEAL,  DAVID  DOLLOFF,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  20,  1837,  in  Lowell,  Mass.  His 
first  figure  composition,  James  Watt,  was 
exhibited  at  the  Royal  academy  in  Lon 
don;  and  in  1875  he  painted  his  best- 
known  work.  The  First  Meeting  of  Mary 
Stuart  and  Rizzio.  When  it  was  first 
exhibited  in  1876,  it  received  the  great 
medal  from  the  Royal  Bavarian  academy. 


NEAL,  ELIAS  CRAIG,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1833,  in  Barn- 
stead,  N.  H.  After  receiving  a  thorough 
education,  he  entered  into  the  active  prac 
tice  of  his  profession,  and  became  one  of 
the  leading  physicians  in  New  England. 

NEAL,  GEORGE  PHILIP,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1852,  in  Ohio. 
He  graduated  in  1874  from  the  Iowa  State 
university,  and  soon  attained  success  in 
his  profession  at  Fort  Madison,  Iowa.  He 
was  appointed  postmaster  by  the  presi 
dent;  has  been  health  officer;  and  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  the  United  States 
examining  surgeons. 

NEAL.  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1846,  in  Tuf- 
tonboro,  N.  H.  He  is  an  eminent  attor 
ney  of  Charleston,  111.;  has  been  mayor 
of  his  city;  and  served  as  a  member  of 
the  thirtieth  and  thirty-first  general  as 
semblies  of  the  state  of  Illinois. 

NEAL,  HENRY  S.,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1828, 
in  Gallipolis,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  state 
senator  in  1861,  and  re-elected  in  1863.  He 
was  appointed  consul  of  the  United 
States  at  Lisbon,  Portugal,  in  1869;  and 
was  charge  d'  affaires  during  a  part  of 
1869  and  1870.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth,  and  forty-seventh  congresses. 

NEAL,  JOHN,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Aug.  25,  1793,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He 
was  a  once  famous  writer  of  Portland. 
Maine.  He  was  the  author  of  Keep  Cool, 
a  novel;  The  Battle  of  Niagara,  a  poem; 
Goldau,  and  Other  Poems;  Rachel  Dyer, 
a  novel;  Downeasters,  a  novel;  True  Wo 
manhood;  Bentham's  Morals  and  Legis 
lation;  Great  Mysteries  and  Little 
Plagues;  and  Wandering  Recollections  of 
a  Somewhat  Busy  Life.  He  died  June  21, 
1876,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

NEAL,  JOHN  RANDOLPH,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1838,  in  An 
derson  county,  Tenn.  He  enlisted  in  the 
confederate  army;  and  in  1863  was  pro 
moted  to  a  colonelcy.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Tennessee 
legislature;  in  1878  was  elected  a  state 
senator,  and  upon  the  assembling  of  the 
legislature  in  1879  was  elected  speaker  of 
the  senate,  and  ex-officio  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  the  state;  and  in  1880  he  was  a. 
presidential  elector.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Tennessee 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 
NEAL,  JOSEPH  CLAY,  humorist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1807,  in  Greenland, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Philadel 
phia  who  founded 
The  Saturday  Ga 
zette,  and  was  a  pop 
ular  humorist  in  his 
day.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Charcoal 
Sketches;  and  Peter 
Ploddy,  and  Other 
Oddities.  His  humor 
lies  in  the  delinea 
tion  of  small  spend 
thrifts,  pretenders  to 
fashion,  bores,  and 
the  frayed-out  gen 
tleman.  He  died  July  18,  1847,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

NEAL,  LAWRENCE  TALBOTT,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  22,  1844,  in  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 
He  was  solicitor  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  in 
1867;  and  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in 
1867.  He  was  attorney  of  Ross  county  in 
1870,  and  held  that  office  until  1872,  when 
he  resigned.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third  and  forty-fourth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 


NEALE,  JAMES  BROWN,  lawyer,  ju 
rist.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  thirty-third  judicial  district  of  Penn 
sylvania,  holding  that  office  for  ten  years. 

NEALE,  LEONARD,  archbishop,  was 
born  Oct.  15,  1746,  in  Port  Tobacco,  Md. 
In  Philadelphia  he  was  appointed  vicar- 
general  for  the  northern  states.  In  1799 
he  was  made  president  of  Georgetown 
college,  which  had  been  founded  a  few 
years  before  by  the  Jesuits  of  Maryland. 
He  died  June  15,  1817,  in  Georgetown, 
D.  C. 

NEALE,  RAPHAEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  St.  Mary's  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1819  to  1825. 

NEALE,  ROLLIN  HEBER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1808,  in  South- 
ington,  Conn.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  Burning  Bush,  several  sermons, 
and  a  Harvard  college  Dudleian  lecture. 
He  died  Sept.  19,  1879,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

NEAR,  IRVIN  W.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Jan.  26,  1835,  in  Alexandria,  N.  Y.  He  at 
tended  the  Orleans  academy,  the  Falley 
seminary,  and  the  college  of  Montreal. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858;  has 
been  district  attorney  of  Steuben  county, 
N.  Y. ;  and  has  attained  prominence  as 
one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  his  state 
at  Hornellsville.  He  has  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  mayor  of  his  city;  has  been 
commissioner  of  land  titles;  secretary  of 
the  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
company;  and  also  secretary  of  the  Roch 
ester,  Hornellsville  and  Lackawanna  Rail 
road  company. 

NEBEKER,  AQUILA,  ranchman,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  June  9,.  1859,  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  He  served  several 
sessions  in  the  Utah  legislature,  and  was 
presiding  officer  of  the  state  senate  in  the 
session  of  1896. 

NEBEKER,  GEORGE,  jurist,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1813,  in  Pick- 
away  county,  Ohio.  For  a  period  of  fif 
teen  consecutive  years,  from  1845  to  1860, 
he  acted  as  justice  of  the  peace  in  Terre 
Haute,  Ind.  He  was  elected  president  of 
the  Attica  and  Terre  Haute  Railroad  com 
pany,  the  road  being  afterward  consoli 
dated  and  merged  into  the  Chicago  and 
Danville  railroad. 

NEBINGER,  ANDREW,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1819,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
surgeon-in-charge  of  the  Cooper-shop  vol 
unteer  hospital  and  dispensary.  He  was 
the  author  of  various  medical  papers  and 
addresses  to  societies.  He  died  April  12, 
1886,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NECKERE,  LEO  RAYMOND  DE,  bish 
op,  was  born  June  6,  1800.  He  was  the 
third  Roman  catholic  bishop  of  New  Or 
leans,  La.  He  died  Sept.  4,  1833,  in  New 
Orleans,  La. 

NEECE,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  26, 
1831,  in  Logan  county,  111.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  and  commenced  prac 
tice  in  1858  in  Macomb,  111.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature;  and  in  1871  was  again  elected 
to  the  legislature.'  In  1878  he  was  elected 
state  senator,  and  served  four  years;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Illinois 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

NEEDHAM,  CHARLES  AUSTIN,  artist, 
was  born  Oct.  30,  1844,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
He  has  attained  a  national  reputation  as 
a  noted  artist;  among  his  best-known 
works  are  Mott  Haven  Canal,  New  York; 
Near  Factory  Hollow;  and  Dream  .of  Au 
tumn. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


687 


NEEDHAM,  ELIAS  PARKMAN,  inven 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1812,  in  Delhi,  N.  Y. 
In  1878  he  conceived  the  idea  of  using 
strips  of  perforated  paper  for  the  auto 
matic  production  of  music,  which  resulted 
in  the  mechanical  orguinette  or  automatic 
organ.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1889,  in  New 
York  city. 

NEELY,  HENRY  ADAMS,  D.  D.,  clergy 
man,  bishop,  was  born  May  14,  1830,  in 
Fayetteville,  N.  Y.  He  was  ordained  a 
priest  in  1854,  and  consecrated  bishop  of 
Maine  in  1867.  His  writings  consist  of 
sermons,  addresses,  and  hymns. 

NEELY,  SIDNEY  SMITH,  legislator, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1832,  in  Lincoln  county, 
Ky.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Central  college  of  Danville,  Ky.;  has  been 
a  justice  of  the  peace,  notary  public,  post 
master,  and  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Missouri  state  legislature. 
He  is  prominent  in  the  business  affairs 
of  Sibley,  Mo.,  and  takes  an  active  part  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

NEELEY,  THOMAS  B.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  18 — .  He  is  a  methodist 
•clergyman,  and  the  author  of  Young 
Workers  in  the  Church;  The  Church 
Lyceum;  Parliamentary  Practice;  Evolu 
tion  of  Episcopacy  and  Organic  Method 
ism;  The  Parliamentarian;  and  The  Gov 
erning  Conference  in  Methodism. 

NEFF,  HENRY  H.,  soldier,  journalist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  June  5,  1815,  in 
Preble  county,  Ohio.  In  the  year  1843  he 
began  the  publication  of  the  Winchester 
Patriot,  which  he  continued  for  nine 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  state 
legislature  in  1847  on  the  whig  ticket,  and 
in  1852  was  elected  clerk  of  the  court, 
serving  in  that  capacity  eight  years. 

NEGLEY,  JAMES  SCOTT,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1826,  in  East 
Liberty,  Pa.  He  entered  the  volunteer 
service  in  1861; 
raised  a  brigade  in 
three  days,  and  was 
made  a  brigadier- 
general.  He  defend 
ed  Nashville  in  1862; 
was  promoted  to  a 
major-general  for 
gallant  services  at 
Stone  River;  and 
served  with  credit  in 
the  campaign  of  Tal- 
lahoma,  Alabama, 
and  Georgia.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  forty-first,  forty-second,  for 
ty-third  and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

NEHLIG,  VICTOR,  artist,  was  born  in 
1830  in  France.  His  principal  works, 
many  of  which  are  illustrative  of  Ameri 
can  history,  are  The  Cavalry  Charge  of 
St.  Harry  B.  Hidden,  in  the  New  York 
Historical  society;  The  Artist's  Dream; 
The  Captive  Huguenot;  Gertrude  of  Wy 
oming;  Hiawatha  and  Minnehaha;  Ar 
morer  in  the  Olden  Time;  Battle  at  An- 
tietam;  Battle  of  Gettysburg;  Waiting  for 
My  Enemy;  Serenade;  The  Bravo;  Ma 
hogany  Cutting;  and  The  Princess  Poca- 
hontas. 

NEIL,  JOHN  B.,  governor.  He  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  Idaho  for  the  term  of 
four  years  from  July,  1880. 

NEILL,  EDWARD  DUFFIELD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1823,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  reformed 
episcopal  clergyman  of  St.  Paul,  but  for 
merly  a  presbyterian  clergyman.  He  was 
the  author  of  History  of  Minnesota;  Ter 
ra  Marise,  or  Threads  of  Maryland  His 
tory;  The  Fairfaxes  of  England  and 
America;  History  of  the  Virginia  Com 
pany;  English  Colonization  of  America 


in  the  Seventeenth  Century;  Founders  of 
Virginia;  Virginia  Vetusta;  Virginia  Car- 
olorum;  and  Concise  History  of  Minne 
sota.  He  died  Sept.  26,  1893,  in  St.  Paul, 
Minn. 

NEILL,  JOHN,  physician,  author,  was 
born  July  9,  1819,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  a  Philadelphia  physician,  and  the 
author  of  Neill  on  the  Veins;  and  Com- 
pend  of  Medicine.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1880, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NEILL,  ROBERT,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1838,  in  In 
dependence  county,  Ark.  He  was  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  Arkansas  state  guards  from 
1874  to  1877,  and  brigadier-general  of 
state  militia  from  1877  to  1882.  He  has 
served  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
democratic  state  central  committee  of 
Arkansas  since  1886;  and  was  nominated 
and  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

NEILL,  THOMAS  HEWSON,  soldier, 
was  born  April  9,  1826,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  acting  inspector-general  in 
Sheridan's  Shenandoah  campaign,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  war  received  the  brevets 
of  brigadier-general,  United  States  army, 
and  major-general  of  volunteers.  He  was 
commandant  of  cadets  at  the  United 
States  military  academy  from  1875  till 

1879,  and  in  1883  he  was  retired. 
NEILL,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 

was  born  in  1778  near  McKeesport,  Pa. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  minister  of  Phila 
delphia,  president  of  Dickinson  college  in 
1824-29;  and  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
Bible  History;  Divine  Origin  of  the  Chris 
tian  Religion;  and  Ministry  of  Fifty  Years. 
He  died  Aug.  8,  I860,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NEILSON,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  March  11,  1745,  in  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  delegate  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  continental  congress  in  1778 
and  1779.  He  died  March  3,  1833,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J. 

NEILSON,  JOSEPH,  author,  was  born 
in  1813  in  New  York.  He  was  the  author 
of  Memoirs  of  Rufus  Choate,  with  some 
Consideration  of  His  Studies,  Opinions, 
and  Style.  He  died  in  1888. 

NELIGAN,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  was  the 
author  of  Saintly  Characters;  The  Ro 
sary;  Manual  for  Confraternities;  and 
other  religious  works.  He  died  Jan.  30, 

1880,  in  New  York  city. 

NELSON,  CHARLES  A.,  civil  engineer, 
librarian,  poet,  was  born  April  14,  1839, 
in  Calais,  Maine.  For  many  years  he  was 
librarian  at  the  Gorham  academy;  then 
at  the  New  York  Astor  library;  and  now 
at  the  New  Orleans  Memorial  library.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
l>oems. 

NELSON,  CLEVELAND  KINLOCK, 
clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  May  23,  1852, 
in  Greenwood,  Va.  He  has  filled  many 
important  pastorates  in  the  presbyterian 
church,  and  in  1892  was  consecrated  bish 
op  of  Georgia. 

NELSON,  DANIEL  THURBER,  physi 
cian,  educator,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1839,  in 
Milford,  Mass.  In  1866  he  was  elected 
professor  of  physiology  and  histology  at 
Chicago  Medical  college,  which  chair  he 
then  held  until  1880,  and  in  1881  he  was 
made  adjunct  professor  of  gynecology  at 
Rush  Medical  college.  He  has  invented 
an  improved  trivalve  speculum  and  other 
surgical  instruments. 

NELSON,  DAVID,  clergyman,  author 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1793,  near  Jonesbor- 
ough,  Tenn.  He  was  a  presbyterian  min 
ister  and  educator  of  Missouri  and  Illi 
nois.  His  principal  work,  Cause  and 
Cure  of  Infidelity,  has  been  widely  read 
He  died  Oct.  17,  1844,  in  Oakland,  111. 


NELSON,  HARRY  LEVERETT,  lawyer 
author,  was  born  in  1858  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Worcester, 
Mass.,  and  the  author  of  Bird  Songs 
About  Worcester,  a  collection  of  nature 
studies.  He  died  in  1889. 

NELSON,  HENRY  ADDISON,  clergy 
man,  educator,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  31,  1820,  in  Amherst,  Mass. 
He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman,  professor 
at  Lane  seminary  in  1868-74,  and  from 
1886  editor  of  The  Church  at  Home  and 
Abroad.  He  is  the  author  of  Seeing 
Jesus;  Sin  and  Salvation;  and  Home 
Whispers. 

NELSON,  HENRY  LOOMIS,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1846  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city,  and 
editor-in-chief  of  Harper's  Weekly.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Money  We  Need- 
Our  Unjust  Tariff  Law;  and  John  Ran- 
toul,  a  novel. 

NELSON,  HOMER  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1829,  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.,  for  four 
years,  and  in  1859  was  re-elected  for  a  sec 
ond  term.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress.  In  1867  he  was  elected 
secretary  of  state;  and  re-elected  in  1868 
and  1869. 

NELSON,  HUGH,  lawyer,  jurist,  diplo 
mat,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1768, 
in  Virginia.  He  was  speaker  of  the  house 
of  delegates  of  Virginia;  a  judge  of  the 
general  court;  and  a  presidential  elector 
in  1809.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  1811  to  1823;  and  was  immediately 
afterward  appointed  American  minister 
to  Spain.  He  died  March  18,  1836,  In 
Albemarle  county. 

NELSON,  JEREMIAH,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1769,  in 
Rowley,  Mass.  He  served  as  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1805  to  1807,  and  again  from  1815  to  1823. 
He  died  Oct.  2,  1838,  in  Newburyport, 
Mass. 

NELSON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  June  1,  1791,  in  Fredericktown, 
Md.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Maryland  from  1821  to  1823.  In  1831 
he  was  appointed  charge  d'affaires  to  the 
Two  Sicilies;  and  in  1844  was  appointed 
attorney-general  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  Jan.  8,  1860,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

NELSON,  JOSIAH  C.,  farmer,  legislator, 
was  born  May  25,  1827,  in  Jackson  county, 
Mo.  He  was  elected  in  1858  as  a  member 
of  the  Missouri  state  legislature,  the  first 
legislature  of  that  state;  and  he  received 
the  re-election  for  two  successive  terms. 

NELSON,  JULIA  BULLARD,  educator, 
lecturer,  philanthropist,  was  born  May  13, 
1842,  in  High  Ridge,  Ky.  She  has  taught 
school  in  Minnesota, 
Connecticut,  Texas, 
and  Tennessee;  and 
has  attained  success 
as  a  lecturer  and 
missionary.  For 
many  years  she  was 
an  organizer  and  lec 
turer  of  the  Minne 
sota  National  Amer 
ican  Woman  Suffrage 
association;  and  be 
came  famous  in  the 
lecture  field  as  the 
champion  of  woman's  right  to  the  ballot. 
She  has  been  president  of  the  Minnesota 
Woman's  Suffrage  association;  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Tem 
perance  union  of  Minnesota.  She  is  the 
widow  of  a  soldier  and  spent  many  years 
as  a  missionary  among  the  freed  men  of 
the  south,  and  has  contributed  both  prose 
and  verse  to  the  periodical  press. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPH  V. 


NELSON,  KNUTE,  soldier,  lawyer,  gov 
ernor,  congressman,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1843,  in  Norway. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Wiscon 
sin  legislature  in  1868  and  1869.  He  re 
moved  to  Minnesota  in  1871;  was  a  state 
senator  in  1875-78;  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  Douglas  county  for  three  years; 
became  a  regent  of  the  Minnesota  state 
university;  and  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1880.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Minnesota  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Minnesota  in  1892; 
and  re-elected  in  1894.  In  1895  he  was 
elected  United  States  senator  for  term 
ending  in  1901. 

NELSON,  RENSSELAER  RUSSELL, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  May  12,  1826,  in 
Cooperstown,  N.  Y.  In  1857  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Minnesota  territory;  and 
in  1858  district  judge  of  the  United  States 
for  the  state  of  Minnesota. 

NELSON,  ROGER,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1755  in  Fredericktown,  Md.  He 
was  a  general  in  the  revolutionary  war. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1804  to  1810;  was  several 
years  in  the  Virginia  legislature;  and 
from  1810  to  1815  was  judge  of  the  upper 
district  of  that  state.  He  died  June  7, 
1815,  in  Fredericktown,  Md. 

NELSON,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Nov.  10,  1792,  in  Hebron,  N.  Y.  In 
1823  he  was  made  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  New  York,  which  position  he  held 
for  eight  years.  In  1831  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  that 
state;  and  in  1837  was  made  chief  justice, 
and  held  the  position  until  1845,  when  he 
was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States.  He  died  Dec. 
13,  1873,  in  Cooperstown,  N.  Y. 

NELSON,  THOMAS,  merchant,  was 
born  Feb.  20,  1677,  in  Scotland.  He  settled 
in  Virginia,  and  founded  the  town  of  York, 
where  he  built  the  first  custom  house  in 
the  colonies,  one  of  the  earliest  brick 
buildings  in  the  state.  He  died  Oct.  7, 
1745,  in  Yorktown,  Va. 

NELSON,  THOMAS,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  Dec. 
26,  1738,  in  Yorktown,  Va.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Virginia  house  of  burgesses;  and 
was  re-elected  to  that  position.  After  at 
tending  various  local  conventions  he  was 
elected  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1775  to  1777,  and  again  from 
1779  to  1780.  He  was  a  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence;  took  part  in  the 
military  affairs  of  the  time  as  a  brigadier- 
general;  and  served  in  the  state  legisla 
ture.  In  1781  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Virginia.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1789,  in  Han 
over  county,  Va. 

NELSON,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Jan.  23,  1819,  in  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 
In  1851  he  was  appointed  chief  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  for  the  territory 
of  Oregon. 

NELSON,  THOMAS  AMOS  ROGERS, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  March  19, 
1812,  in  Roane  county,  Tenn.  He  served 
as  a  representative  from  Tennessee  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress,  but  was 
prevented  from  taking  his  seat  By  the 
forcible  action  of  the  confederate  govern 
ment.  He  died  Aug.  24,  1873,  in  Knox- 
ville,  Tenn. 

NELSON,  THOMAS  LEVERETT,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
March  4,  1827,  in  Haverhill,  N.  H.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  Massachusetts  leg 
islature  in  1869.  In  1878  he  was  appointed 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Massachusetts. 


NELSON,  THOMAS  M.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1782  in  Virginia. 
He  served  with  distinction  in  the  war  of 
1812  as  a  captain  of  infantry;  and  after 
the  war  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
major,  but  resigned  his  commission.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  his 
native  state  from  1816  to  1819.  He  died 
Nov.  10,  1853. 

NELSON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  June  29,  17s4, 
in  Clinton,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  district  attor 
ney  for  the  counties  of  Westchester,  Put 
nam  and  Rockland,  for  a  period  of  thirty 
years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly 
of  New  York  in  1819  and  1820;  and  a  state 
senator  in  J823.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1847 
to  1851.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1869,  in  Peekskill, 
N.  Y. 

NELSON,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born 
Sept.  27,  1824,  in  Maysville,  Ky.  In  1840 
he  graduated  from  the  Naval  academy  of 
Annapolis,  Md.,  and 
as  a  midshipman,  his 
first  duty  was  in  the 
sloop-of-war  York- 
town.  He  then 
served  on  various 
vessels,  and  in  1855 
was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenancy,  and  in 
1857  joined  in  the 
expedition  of  Com 
modore  Perry  to 
China  and  Japan.  He 
has  been  given  the 
credit  of  keeping  Kentucky  in  the  union; 
saved  her  seventy-five  thousand  volun 
teers  to  the  national  flag;  spared  the 
Ohio  border  the  terrible  shock  of  con 
tending  armies,  and  transferred  the  the 
ater  of  war  hundreds  of  miles  southward 
to  the  banks  of  the  Cumberland  and  the 
Tennessee.  He  was  commissioned  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  held  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-commander.  He  was  shot  on  Sept. 
29,  1862,  by  Gen.  Davis. 

NELSON,  WILLIAM  ROCKILL,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  March  7,  1841,  in  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind.  He  is  the  editor-in-chief  of 
the  Kansas  City  Star. 

NERAZ,  JEAN  CLAUDE,  Roman  cath 
olic  bishop,  was  born  in  1829  in  France. 
He  was  nominated  second  bishop  of  San 
Antonio,  and  consecrated  in  1881. 

NERBY,  R.  L.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  27,  1836,  in  Hill  Pleasant, 
Va.  During  the  war  he  was  a  major  in 
the  confederate  service,  and  was  three 
times  wounded.  He  has  been  county 
judge,  circuit  judge,  and  president  of 
the  state  board  of  agriculture  of  Virginia. 
He  has  practiced  successfully  in  Williams- 
burg,  Va. ;  and  is  now  president  of  the 
bank  of  his  city.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  works,  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  current  literature. 

NES,  HENRY,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1799  in  York,  Pa.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1843  to  1845,  and  again  from  1846 
to  1850.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1850. 

NESBIT,  WILLIAM  LYON,  agricultur 
ist,  lecturer,  legislator,  was  born  March 
7,  1842,  near  Lewisburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  farmer  and  lecturer  on  the  sci 
ences  related  to  agriculture;  has  been 
state  statistical  agent  for  Pennsylvania 
for  the  United  States  department  of  agri 
culture,  and  in  1896  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Pennsylvania  house  of  repre 
sentatives. 

NESBITT,  WILSON,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1817  to  1819. 


NESMITH,  JAMES  ERNEST,  artist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1856  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  an  artist  and  poet  of 
Lowell,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Monad- 
noc,  and  Other  Sketches  in  Verse;  Phi- 
loctetes,  and  Other  Poems;  and  Life  and 
Addresses  of  Governor  Greenhalge. 

NESMITH,  JAMES  WJLLSON,  soldier, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  July  23,  1820,  in  Washington  county, 
Maine.  In  1857  he  was  appointed  super 
intendent  of  Indian  affairs  for  Oregon 
and  Washington  territories.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  senator  in  congress  from  Oregon  for 
the  term  beginning  in  1861  and  ending  in 
1867.  While  devoting  himself  to  farming 
in  Oregon  he  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died 
June  17,  1885,  in  Polk  county,  Ore. 

NESMITH,  JOHN,  manufacturer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1793,  in  London 
derry,  N.  H.  He  secured  the  water  sup 
ply  of  Winnipiseogee  and  Squam  lakes 
for  Lowell  mills;  secured  site  for  city 
of  Lawrence,  Mass.,  and  control  of  water- 
power;  and  invented  machines  for  mak 
ing  wire  fences  and  shawl  fringe.  He 
was  lieutenant-governor  of  Massachusetts 
in  1862.  He  died  Oct.  15,  1869,  in  Lowell, 


NETTLETON,  ALURED  BAYARD,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1838,  in  Berlin, 
Ohio.  He  served  through  the  civil  war, 
attaining  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 

NETTLETON,  ASHAEL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  21,  1783,  in  North 
Killingworth,  Conn.  From  1812  till  1822 
he  served  as  a  revivalist  in  Connecticut, 
Massachusetts  and  New  York.  He  com 
piled  a  book  entitled  Village  Hymns.  His 
Remains  and  Sermons  were  edited  by  Rev. 
Bennet  Tyler.  He  died  May  16,  1844,  in 
Windsor,  Conn. 

NEVADA,  EMMA  WIXOM,  singer,  was 
born  in  1861  in  Nevada,  Cal.  She  has 
an  extensive  repertoire,  including  prin 
cipally  Italian  operas,  but  she  has  also  ap 
peared  in  oratorio  in  England.  She  sang 
in  La  Sonnambula  at  her  first  appearance 
in  New  York  in  1884. 

NEVILLE,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  revolutionary  officer, 
brigadier  of  state  militia,  and  commission 
er  to  run  the  boundary  line  between  Vir 
ginia  and  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1793  to  1795.  He  died  March  4,  1819,  in 
Hardy  county,  Va. 

NEVILLE,  MORGAN,  author,  was  born 
in  1756  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  acquired  a 
wide  reputation  by  his  tale  of  Mike  Fink, 
the  Last  of  the  Boatmen,  published  in 
the  Western  Souvenir  for  1829.  He  died 
in  1839  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

NEVIN,  ALFRED,  clergyman,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  March  14,  1816, 
in  Shippensburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  promi 
nent  presbyterian  clergyman  and  religious 
editor  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
Words  of  Comfort  for  Doubting  Hearts; 
The  Voice  of  God;  The  Man  of  Faith; 
Letters  to  Colonel  Ingersoll;  Christian's 
Rest;  Guide  to  the  Oracles;  and  Triumph 
of  Truth.  He  died  in  1890. 

NEVIN,  BLANCHE,  sculptor,  was  born 
Sept.  25,  1841,  in  Mercersburg,  Pa.  In 
addition  to  numerous  portrait-busts,  she 
has  executed  statues  of  Maud  Muller; 
Eve;  Cinderella;  and  Gen.  Peter  Muhlen- 
berg,  which  is  in  the  capitol  at  Washing 
ton. 

NEVIN,  DAVID  ROBERT  BRUCE,  law 
yer,  journalist,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1828,  In 
Shippensburg,  Pa.  For  many  years  he 
was  connected  with  the  Philadelphia 
press;  was  assistant  editor  of  the  Pres 
byterian  Encyclopaedia;  and  publisher 
and  editor  of  Continental  Sketches  of  Dis 
tinguished  Pennsylvanians. 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


689 


KEVIN,  EDWIN  HENRY,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  May  9,  1814,  in 
Shippensburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  German  re 
formed  clergyman  of  Philadelphia;  and 
the  author  of  The  City  of  God;  Humanity 
and  Its  Responsibilities;  Thoughts  About 
Christ;  and  The  Minister's  Handbook. 

NEVIN,    GEORGE    BALCH,    composer, 
author,  was  born  March  15,  1859,  in  Ship-  • 
pensburg,  Pa.     He  is  the  author  of  The 
Hills    of   God;     At    the    Cross;     and    the 
Minster  Song. 

NEVIN,  JOHN  WILLIAMSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1803,  near 
Strasburg,  Pa.  He  was  an  eminent  Ger 
man  reformed  clergyman  of  Lancaster, 
Pa.,  and  president  of  Franklin  and  Mar 
shall  college  in  1866-76.  Prior  to  his  pres 
idency  he  had  been  active  as  a  theologian 
at  Mercersburg,  and  his  works  form  the 
basis  of  what  is  styled  the  Mercersburg 
Theology.  He  was  the  author  of  History 
and  Genesis  of  the  Heidelberg  Catechism; 
The  Mystical  Presence;  Anti-Christ;  The 
Anxious  Bench;  and  Biblical  Antiquities. 
He  died  June  6,  1886,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

NEVIN,  ROBERT  JENKINS,  soldier, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1839, 
in  Allegheny,  Pa.  In  1861-65  he  served 
in  the  civil  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
captain  and  brevet  major.  Since  1869  he 
has  been  rector  of  St.  Paul's  American 
church  in  Rome,  Italy,  which  he  built. 
He  is  the  author  of  Reunion  Conferences 
at  Bonn;  and  St.  Paul's  within  the  Walls. 

NEVIN,  WILLIAM  CHANNING,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1844,  in  New 
Athens,  Ohio.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Phila 
delphia;  and  the  author  of  History  of  All 
Religions;  Life  of  Albert  Barnes;  The 
Blue  Ray  of  Sunlight;  A  Slight  Misunder 
standing;  A  Wild  Goose  Chase;  In  the 
Nick  of  Time;  Joshua  Whitcomb's  Tribu 
lations;  and  A  Summer  School  Adven 
ture. 

NEVIN,  WILLIAM  WILBERFORCE, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  March  1,  1836, 
in  Allegheny,  Pa.  He  is  a  journalist  and 
railway  director  of  Philadelphia  who  has 
published  Vignettes  of  Travel. 

NEVINS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1797,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  minister  of  Balti 
more;  and  the  author  of  Thoughts  on 
Popery;  Practical  Thoughts;  and  Select 
Remains,  with  Memoir.  He  died  Sept. 
14,  1835,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

NEVIUS,  MRS.  HELEN  S.  [COAN], 
author,  was  born  in  1832  in  New  York. 
She  is  the  author  of  Catechism  of  Chris 
tian  Doctrine,  in  Chinese;  Our  Life  In 
China;  and  Life  of  J.  L.  Nevius. 

NEVIUS,  JOHN  LIVINGSTON,  mission 
ary,  author,  was  born  in  1829  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  presbyterian  missionary 
in  Ningpo;  and  the  author  of  China  and 
the  Chinese;  San-Poh,  or  North  of  the 
Hills;  Methods  of  Missionary  Work; 
Demon  Possession;  and  a  number  of 
works  in  Chinese.  He  died  in  1893. 

NEW,  ANTHONY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1747  in  Gloucester  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1793  to  1805.  On  taking  up 
his  residence  in  Kentucky  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1811  to  1813,  from  1817  to  1818, 
and  from  1821  to  1823.  He  died  March  2, 
1833,  in  Elkton,  Ky. 

NEW,  JEPTHA  D.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1830,  in 
Vernon,  Ind.  He  was  elected  district 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Indiana  in  1862, 
and  served  two  years.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  common  pleas  in  1864,  and  served 
four  years.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Indiana  to  the  forty-fourth  and 
forty-sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

44 


NEW,  JOHN  CHALFANT,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  July  6,  1831,  in  Vernon, 
Ind.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  quarter 
master-general  of  Indiana,  serving  as  such 
until  elected  to  the  state  senate.  In  1865 
he  was  elected  cashier  of  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  Indianapolis,  serving  as 
such  until  appointed  in  1875  as  treasurer 
of  the  United  States.  He  was  assistant 
secretary  of  the  United  States  treasury 
from  1882  to  1884;  and  during  1889-93 
was  consul-general  of  the  United  States 
at  London,  England. 

NEWBEGIN,  HENRY,  lawyer,  was 
born  May  2,  1833,  in  Pownel,  Maine.  In 
1857  he  graduated  from  Bowdoin  college, 
and  since  1886  has  been  overseer  of  that 
institution.  For  twelve  years  he  was  gen 
eral  counsel  of  the  Chicago  division  of  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad;'  has  been 
local  counsel  for  the  Wabash  railroad 
since  1870;  and  since  1882  has  had  consid 
erable  practice  in  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States.  He  has  a  large  prac 
tice  in  Defiance,  Ohio;  and  takes  an  active 
part  in  republican  politics. 

NEWBERRY,  JOHN  STOUGHTON, 
manufacturer,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  18,  1826,  in  Waterville,  N.  Y. 
In  1864  he  engaged  largely  in  manufactur 
ing  enterprises  in  Detroit,  Mich.  He  was 
elected  as  a  representative  from  Michigan 
to  the  forty-sixth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1887,  in  Detroit, 
Mich. 

NEWBERRY,  JOHN  STRONG,  geolo 
gist,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  22, 
1822,  in  Windsor,  Conn.  He  was  a  geolo 
gist  who  was  professor  of  geology  in  the 
School  of  Mines  of  Columbia  college  in 
1866-92,  and  state  geologist  of  Ohio  from 
1869.  He  published  nine  volumes  of  re 
ports  relating  to  the  geological  survey  of 
Ohio;  and  Paleozoic  Fishes  of  North 
America,  and  many  scientific  papers.  He 
died  in  1892. 

NEWBERRY,  WALTER  C.,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1835,  in 
Sangerfield,  N.  Y.  He  served  during  the 
war  in  volunteer  armies  of  the  United 
States  as  private,  lieutenant,  captain, 
major,  lieutenant-colonel,  colonel,  and 
brigadier-general  by  brevet.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

NEWBERRY,  WALTER  LOOMIS, 
merchant,  philanthropist,  was  born  Sept. 
18,  1804,  in  East  Windsor,  Conn.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Merchants' 
Loan  and  Trust  Company's  bank  of  Chi 
cago;  and  president  of  the  Galena  rail 
road,  now  the  great  Northwestern  rail 
road.  In  1841  he  was  active  in  founding 
the  Young  Men's  Library  association  of 
Chicago,  and  was  its  first  president.  He 
visited  Europe  in  1868,  and  died  on  his 
homeward  voyage  on  Nov.  6.  He  left 
nearly  two  million  dollars  to  found  a 
library,  to  be  named  for  him,  and  located 
in  the  north  division  of  Chicago,  which 
is  now  consummated,  the  famous  New- 
berry  library,  one  of  the  finest  institutions 
in  America. 

NEWBOLD,  JOSHUA  G.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  governor,  was 
born  May  12,  1830,  in  Fayette  county,  Pa. 
In  1862  he  entered  the  union  army  as 
captain  of  the  twenty-fifth  regiment  of 
Iowa  volunteers;  served  as  judge  advo 
cate,  with  headquarters  at  Woodville,  Ala. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
thirteenth,  fourteenth,  fifteenth  and 
eighteenth  general  assemblies  of  the  state 
of  Iowa.  In  1876  he  was  elected  lieuten 
ant-governor;  and  was  governor  of  Iowa 
in  1877  and  1878.  He  held  a  number  of 
county  offices,  and  practiced  law  at  Mt. 
.  Pleasant. 


NEWBOLD,  THOMAS,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1807 
to  1813,  after  which  he  served  in  the  legis 
lature  of  that  state.  He  died  in  December, 
1823,  in  Burlington  county,  N.  J. 

NEWBURY,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Nov.  3, 
1803,  in  Panton,  Vt.  He  organized  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian 
church  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  Wabash  college. 

NEWBURY,  SAMUEL  SERGEANT,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1835,  in  In 
dianapolis.  He  practiced  his  profession 
with  success  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  De 
troit,  Mich.  During  the  civil  war  he  went 
to  the  front  to  help  Gen.  Meade,  and  was 
killed  at  the  taking  of  Welden  railroad  in 
1864. 

NEWBY,  W.  E.,  journalist,  was  born 
April  27,  1865,  in  Greensboro,  Ind.  He 
has  been  connected  with  the  Indianapolis 
Journal,  the  Springfield  Republic-Times; 
for  many  years  was  editor  of  the  Rush- 
ville  Graphic;  and  is  now  the  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Sun  of  Knightstown,  Ind. 
He  was  appointed  consul-general  to  Paris 
by  President  McKinley;  and  has  filled  nu 
merous  other  positions  of  trust. 

NEWCOMB,  C.  A.,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  July  1, 
1830,  in  Mercer  county,  Pa.  He  removed 
to  Iowa,  and  was  a  circuit  judge  for  two 
years;  and  judge  of  a  county  court  for 
three  years.  He  settled  in  Missouri,  and 
was  elected  for  two  years  to  the  legisla 
ture  of  that  state.  In  1866  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
fortieth  congress. 

NEWCOMB,  HARVEY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1803,  in  Thetford, 
Vt.  He  was  a  congregational  clergyman 
of  western  Pennsylvania  and  other  locali 
ties  among  whose  many  moral  and  relig 
ious  works,  mainly  juvenile  in  character, 
are,  Young  Lady's  Guide;  How  to  Be  a 
Man;  How  to  Be  a  Lady;  and  Manners 
and  Customs  of  North  American  Indians. 
He  died  Aug.  30,  1863,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

NEWCOMB,  HORATIO  VICTOR,  rail 
road  president,  banker,  was  born  July  26, 
1844,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  Upon  the  death 
of  the  senior  New- 
comb,  Aug.  24,  1874, 
he  entered  upon  a 
short  but  extremely 
successful  career  as 
a  railroad  man.  Hav- 
ing  been  elected  a 
director  of  the  rail 
road  company,  a 
little  later  he  be 
came  vice-president 
and  then  president. 
To  the  development 
of  the  Louisville  and 
Nashville  railroad  as  a  property,  the  new 
officer  devoted  a  vast  amount  of  labor 
and  untiring  energy  and  contributed 
largely  to  make  the  system  the  great 
property  it  is  to-day.  In  1880  he  removed 
to  New  York  city  and  organized  the 
United  States  National  bank,  of  which  the 
stockholders  elected  him  president. 

NEWCOMB,  SIMON,  astronomer,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  March  12,  1835, 
in  Wallace,  N.  S.  He  is  an  astronomer  of 
distinction,  superintendent  of  the  Nautical 
Almanac,  issued  by  the  navy  department, 
from  1877,  and  professor  of  astronomy 
and  mathematics  at  Johns  Hopkins  uni 
versity  in  1884-93.  He  is  the  author  of 
Popular  Astronomy;  School  Astronomy; 
Geometry;  Analytic  Geometry;  Essen 
tials  of  Trigonometry;  Calculus;  A  Plain 
Man's  Talk  on  the  Labor  Question;  Prin 
ciples  of  Political  Economy;  and  The  A. 
B,  C,  of  Finance. 


690 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHV. 


NEWELL,  CHARLES  M.,  sailor,  phy 
sician,  author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  23, 
1821,  in  Concord,  Mass.  When  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  went 
to  sea  as  a  sailor, 
and  followed  that  oc 
cupation.  He  became 
master  of  a  ship  at 
the  age  of  twenty- 
six,  and  continued  so 
for  ten  years.  He 
then  left  the  sea  to 
study  medicine,  in 
which  he  has  been 
very  successful.  He 
has  published,  in  ad 
dition  to  medical  lit 
erature,  six  volumes  of  prose,  entitled  The 
Voyage  of  the  Fleetwing;  The  Isle  of 
Palms;  The  Wreck  of  the  Greyhound;  and 
others,  which  have  given  him  a  world 
wide  reputation  as  a  writer  of  sea-stories. 
NEWELL,  FRANK  R.,  journalist,  was 
born  May  23,  1854,  in  Chicago,  111.  He  is 
the  business  manager  of  the  City  Printing 
company  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  the  ed 
itor-in-chief  of  The  Ancient  Craft  Mason. 
NEWELL,  HARRIET  ATWOOD,  mis 
sionary,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1793,  in  Haver- 
hill,  Mass.  She  was  one  of  the  first  fe 
male  missionaries  from  the  United  States. 
She  died  Nov.  30,  1812,  on  the  Isle  of 
France. 

NEWELL,  HUGH,  educator,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  4,  1830,  in  Ireland.  In  1879  he 
became  professor  of  drawing  in  Johns 
Hopkins  university.  In  Baltimore  he 
gained  gold  medals  in  185.3  and  1858,  and  a 
silver  one  in  1859.  His  works  include 
Smithy;  Basket  of  Grapes;  In  the  Cot 
tage  Window;  The  Country  Musician; 
Husking  Corn  in  the  Field;  Grapes;  and 
From  the  East  and  West. 

NEWELL,  LAURA  E.,  song  writer,  was 
born  Feb.  5,  1854,  in  New  Marlborough, 
Mass.  She  has  furnished  songs  and  music 
„  to  many  eminent 
composers,  and  her 
songs  and  poems  are 
read  and  sung 
throughout  America. 
She  is  the  author  of 
a  thousand  poems, 
which  have  appeared 
in  the  Youth's  Com- 
p  a  n  i  o  n,  Arthur's 
Magazine,  and  the 
leading  publications 
of  America.  Her 
poems  have  also 
been  given  a  place  in  Woman  in  Sacred 
Song,  and  other  standard  collections. 

NEWELL,  McFADDEN  ALEXANDER, 
educator,  journalist,  was  born  Sept.  7, 
1824,  in  Ireland.  He  became  principal  of 
the  State  Normal  school  at  Baltimore  in 
1865,  and  in  1868  state  superintendent  of 
public  instruction.  With  Prof.  William 
R.  Creery  he  has  published  a  series  of 
text-books,  entitled  The  Maryland  Series; 
and  he  is  the  author  of  annual  state  school 
reports. 

NEWELL,  ROBERT  HENRY,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1836, 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  journalist  of 
New  York  city,  at  one  time  popular  as  a 
humorist.  He  is  the  author  of  Versatili 
ties,  a  collection  of  humorous  and  other 
verses;  The  Palace  Beautiful,  and  Other 
Poems;  Avery  Glibun,  an  American  ro 
mance;  The  Walking  Doll,  a  novel;  There 
Was  Once  a  Man;  and  Studies  in  Stanzas. 
NEWELL,  SAMUEL,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  25,  1785,  in  Durham, 
Maine.  He  was  a  noted  baptist  mission 
ary  in  Bombay;  and  the  author  of  The 
Conversion  of  the  World;  and  Life  of 
Harriet  Newell  (his  first  wife),  which  was 
widely  popular.  He  died  March  30,  1821, 
in  Bombay,  India. 


NEWELL,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  phy 
sician,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Sept.  5,  1819,  in  Franklin,  Ohio.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1847  to  1851;  and  in 
1856  was  elected  governor  of  New  Jersey 
for  the  term  ending  in  1860.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Baltimore  convention  of 
1864;  and  was  also  elected  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress.  In  1880  he  was  appointed 
governor  of  Washington  territory  for  a 
term  of  four  years. 

NEWELL,  WILLIAM  WELLS,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1839  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  folk-lore  scholar 
of  Cambridge,  editor  of  The  Journal  of 
American  Folk-Lore  since  1888;  arid 
the  author  of  Games  and  Songs  of  Ameri 
can  Children;  and  Words  for  Music,  a 
collection  of  poems. 

NEWHALL,  CHARLES  STEDMAN, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  in 
1842  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a  clergy 
man  and  educator  of  Asbury  Park,  N.  J.; 
and  the  author  of  The  Trees  of  North 
eastern  America;  The  Shrubs  of  North 
eastern  America;  The  Vines  of  North 
eastern  America;  The  Leaf-Collector's 
Handbook  and  Herbarium.  His  writings 
for  young  people  include  Harry's  Trip  to 
the  Orient;  Joe  and  the  Howards;  and 
Ruthie's  Story. 

NEWHALL,  MRS.  L.  E.  TERRY,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  July  19,  1861,  in 
Dutch  Flat,  Cal.  She  is  a  successful 
writer  of  Newhall,  Cal.;  and  the  author 
of  three  novels  entitled  Adopted;  The 
Death  Trust;  and  The  Bride  of  Infelice; 
and  also  a  volume  of  poems. 

NEWHARD,  PETER,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1839  to  1843. 

NEWHOUSE,  FINLEY  D.,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  July  27,  1857, 
in  Rochester,  Ind.  For  a  number  of  years 
he  filled  the  chair  of  Greek  in  the  Amer 
ican  college  of  Concepcion,  Chili;  and 
now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
He  is  a  brilliant  lecturer;  and  the  author 
of  a  college  romance  entitled  The  Three 
C's;  and  a  religious  work  entitled  Why 
I  Am  a  Protestant. 

NEWHOUSE,  SAMUEL,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1853,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1894  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Denver,  Lakewood  and  Golden  rail 
road,  which  position  he  now  fills. 

NEWHOUSE,  SIMEON  EDGAR,  educat 
or,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1865,  in  Elk- 
ton,  Ohio.  After  receiving  a  thorough  ed 
ucation,  he  entered  educational  work,  and 
was  professor  of  sciences  in  the  high 
school  of  Greenville,  Ohio;  and  subse 
quently  became  superintendent  of  schools 
at  Salem,  S.  D.  He  is  now  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Golden  City,  Mo.;  has  been  city 
attorney;  and  filled  various  other  public 
positions  of  honor. 

NEWKIRK,  DANIEL  L.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1859,  in  Clermont 
county,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Drake  univer 
sity,  and  was  subse 
quently  professor  of 
natural  sciences  in 
the  normal  depart 
ment  Of  his  alma 
mater.  He  holds  a 
life  diploma  from  the 
state  board  of  ex- 
fc  aminers  of  Iowa, 
I  and  is  one  of  the 
I  foremost  educators 
I  of  the  west.  He  has 
written  extensively 
both  prose  and  verse;  and  his  poems 
have  appeared  in  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  publications. 


NEWLANDS,  FRANCIS  G., lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1848,  in 
Natchez,  Miss.  He  was  elected  from  Ne 
vada  to  the 'fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses  and  having  received  his  nom 
ination  from  both  the  silver  party  and  the 
democratic  party  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress. 

NEWLIN,  ENOCH  E.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  22,  1858,  in  Crawford  county,  111. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1882;  was 
state's  attorney  of  his  county  for  eight 
years;  and  is  now  a  master  in  chancery. 

NEWMAN,  ALEXANDER,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1806  in 
Orange  county,  Va.  In  1836  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  to  the  Virginia  state 
legislature,  where  he  served  several  years; 
and  was  also  elected  to  the  state  senate. 
From  1845  to  1849  he  was  postmaster  of 
Wheeling;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Virginia  to  the  thirty-first  con 
gress.  He  died  in  July,  1840,  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa. 

NEWMAN,  CHARLES  GORDON,  sol 
dier,  journalist,  was  born  in  1841  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Daily  and  Weekly  Commercial  of 
Pine  Bluff,  Ark.;  and  contributes  exten 
sively  to  current  literature. 

NEWMAN,  DANIEL,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  about  1780  in  North  Caro 
lina.  He  was  lieutenant-colonel  com 
manding  Georgia  volunteers  in  1813;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Georgia  from  1831  to  1833.  He  died  Jan. 
16,  1851,  in  Walker  county,  Ga. 

NEWMAN,  DE  WITT  L.,  journalist,  was 
born  Dec.  4,  1870,  in  Gillsburg,  Miss.  For 
many  years  he  was  engaged  in  educational 
work;  and  is  now  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Times  of  Osyka,  Miss. 

NEWMAN,  FRANCIS  MARION,  educat 
or,  lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1860,  in 
Washington  county,  Texas.  In  1885  he 
graduated  from  the  Baylor  university, 
and  for  many  years  was  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work.  Since  1887  he  has  been 
practicing  law  in  Brady,  Texas;  where 
he  is  prominently  identified  with  the  pub 
lic  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

NEWMAN,  HENRY  R.,  artist,  was  born 
about  1833  in  New  York  city.  In  1877  he 
exhibited  at  the  academy  a  View  of  Flor 
ence,  and  in  Florence  in  1878  a  Study  of 
Pink  and  White  Oleanders;  and  Grapes 
and  Olives.  The  same  year  he  sent  to  the 
Grosvenor  gallery,  London,  Flowers;  and 
An  Architectural  Study. 

NEWMAN,  J.  R.,  journalist,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  1859,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  the 
editor  and  owner  of  The  Times  of  Harri 
son,  Mo.,  of  which  city  he  has  served  as 
mayor.  In  1886  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  Arkansas  Press  association. 

NEWMAN,  JAMES  WIRT,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  March  12,  1841,  in 
Highland  county,  Ohio.  For  two  terms  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  senate; 
and  during  1883-84  was  secretary  of  state 
of  Ohio.  For  thirty  years  he  has  bee'n  ed 
itor  and  owner  of  the  Portsmouth  Times. 

NEWMAN,  JOHN  PHILIP,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1826,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  methodist  bishop  at  Omaha, 
at  one  time  a  prominent  Washington  pas 
tor;  and  the  author  of  From  Dan  to 
Beersheba;  Thrones  and  Palaces  of  Baby 
lon  and  Nineveh;  Christianity  Triumph 
ant;  America  for  Americans;  and  The 
Supremacy  of  Law. 

NEWMAN,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1602  in  England.  He 
published  A  Concordance  for  the  Bible. 
It  was  known  as  the  Cambridge  Concord 
ance,  and  was  at  one  time  supposed  to  be 
the  first  work  of  the  kind  printed  in  the 
English  language.  He  died  July  5,  1663,  in 
Rehoboth,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


691 


NEWMAN,  SAMUEL  PHILLIPS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1797  in  An- 
dover,  Mass.  In  1818  he  became  a  tutor  in 
Bowdoin  college,  and 
the  following  year 
was  chosen  profes 
sor  of  ancient  lan 
guages.  In  1824  he 
was  transferred  to 
the  chair  of  rhetoric 
and  oratory.  After 
twenty-one  years  in 
that  institution  he 
took  charge  of  the 
normal  school  at 
Barre,  Mass.  He  was 
the  author  of  a 
treatise  on  rhetoric,  which  is  still  a  text 
book  in  a  multitude  of  schools  and  numer 
ous  colleges.  He  was  also  the  author  of 
an  elementary  work  on  Political  Econ 
omy.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1842,  in  Andover, 
Mass. 

NEWMAN,  WILLIAM  TRUSLOW,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  23,  1843, 
in  Knoxville,  Tenn.  For  twelve  years  he 
was  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law  in  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  and  since  1886  has 
been  United  States  district  judge. 

NEWSHAM,  JOSEPH  PARKINSON, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  May 
24,  1837,  in  Preston,  England.  In  his 
youth  his  parents 
settled  in  Monroe 
county,  111.,  and  sub 
sequently  moved  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  He 
there  attended  the 
public  scuools  and 
clerked  in  a  store. 
He  studied  law  in 
Edwardsville,  111.; 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  acquired  a 
reputation  as  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  and 
eloquent  orator.  During  the  war  he  ob 
tained  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant  of 
cavalry  on  the  staff  of  General  John  T. 
Fremont;  and  was  afterward  first  lieuten 
ant  and  adjutant  of  the  thirty-second  Mis 
souri  infantry.  After  the  war  he  settled 
in  Ascension  parish,  La.,  and  there 
taught  school  and  practiced  law;  took  a 
part  in  the  reconstruction  acts  of  con 
gress;  and  was  elected  to  the  fortieth  and 
forty-first  congresses  as  a  republican.  For 
many  years  he  was  the  editor  and  owner 
of  a  republican  newspaper;  has  been 
a  strong  advocate  of  home  protec 
tion,  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
public  affairs;  has  been  parish  attor 
ney,  district  attorney,  and  filled  vari 
ous  other  positions  with  scrupulous  en 
ergy  and  consummate  ability. 

NEWTON,  CHURUBUSCO,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  May  15,  1848,  in  St. 
Helena  parish,  La.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  home 
schools,  and  then  at 
tended  the  state  uni 
versity  of  Louisiana. 
After  leaving  college 
he  taught  school  for 
three  years;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1870;  and  soon  at 
tained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Monroe,  La.  In  1879 
he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  of  Louisiana,  and  served  for 
four  years.  In  1886  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  and  during  his  congres 
sional  career  secured  several  measures  of 
importance  to  his  district  and  state. 

NEWTON,  DANIEL  HOWE,  railroad 
president,  was  born  June  23,  1827,  in 


Hubbardstown,  Mass.  Since  1887  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Hoosac  Tunnel  and 
Wilmington  railroad,  at  Holyoke,  Mass. 

NEWTON,  EBEN,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  16, 
1795,  in  Goshen.Conn.  In  1842  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  Ohio  senate,  and  was 
soon  afterward  elected  president  judge  of 
the  third  circuit.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  for  the  term  from 
1851  to  1853,  and  in  1856  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  Ashtabula  and  New  Lisbon 
Railroad  company,  in  which  position  he 
remained  until  1859,  when  he  declined  a  re 
election. 

NEWTON,  HENRY,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  12,  1845,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1877  he  was  made  professor  of  mining 
and  metallurgy  in  the  Ohio  State  univer 
sity.  He  was  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  Reports  on  the  Geology  and  Re 
sources  of  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota. 
He  died  Aug.  5,  1877,  in  Black  Hills,  S.  D. 

NEWTON,  HENRY  J.,  inventor,  was 
born  Feb.  23,  1823,  in  Harleton,  Pa.  He 
invented  the  first  permanent  collodion 
emulsion  in  1875,  and  afterward  became 
known  as  father  of  the  dry-plate  process 
in  America.  He  died  Dec.  23,  1895,  in 
New  York  city. 

NEWTON,  HUBERT  ANSON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  19,  1830,  in  Sher- 
burne,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  full  pro 
fessor  in  Yale  in  1855,  which  he  has  since 
continued  without  interruption.  His  sci 
entific  work  in  pure  mathematics  includes 
researches  On  the  Construction  of  Cer-  . 
tain  Curves  by  Points;  Certain  Transcen 
dental  Curves,  and  similar  papers,  but  his 
most  valuable  investigations  have  been 
in  connection  with  meteors. 

NEWTON,  ISAAC,  naval  architect,  was 
born  Jan.  16,  1794,  in  Schodack,  N.  Y. 
He  was  the  founder  of  the  People's  line 
of  steamboats  between  Albany  and  New 
York,  and  he  was  also  interested  in  the 
construction  of  many  ocean  steamers.  He 
died  Nov.  22,  1858,  in  New  York  city. 

NEWTON,  ISAAC,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  Aug.  4,  1837,  in  New  York  city.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  he  was  ap 
pointed  first  assistant  engineer  in  the 
United  States  navy.  Later  he  became 
supervising  constructor  of  iron-clads  for 
the  United  States  government  in  New 
York,  and  in  this  capacity  superintended 
the  building,  among  others,  of  the  Puri 
tan  and  Dictator.  He  died  Sept.  25,  1884, 
in  New  York  city. 

NEWTON,  JOHN,  soldier,  civil  engin 
eer,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1823,  in  Norfolk, 
Va.  In  1842  he  graduated  from  the  Mili- 
t  a  r  y  academy  a  t 
West  Point,  and  re 
ceived  the  appoint 
ment  of  brevet  sec 
ond  lieutenant  in  the 
corps  of  engineers. 
In  1858  he  was  made 
chief  engineer  of  the 
Utah  expedition;  in 
1861  was  chief  engin 
eer  of  the  depart 
ment  of  the  Shenan- 
doah;  and  then  be 
came  assistant  en 
gineer  in  the  construction  of  the  defences 
of  Washington.  He  was  given  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  and 
subsequently  was  made  a  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  the  regular  army.  His  greatest 
achievement  was  the  improvement  of  Hell 
Gate  channel. 

NEWTON,  JOHN  THOMAS,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  May  20,  1793,  in  Alexandria, 


Va.  In  1852-55  he  was  flag-officer  of  the 
home  squadron,  which  gave  him  the  title 
of  commodore.  The  last  two  years  of  his 
life  he  was  in  command  of  the  navy  yard 
at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  died  July  28, 
1857,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

NEWTON,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  25,  1813,  in  England. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Phila 
delphia,  long  prominent  among  extreme 
low  churchmen,  and  the  author  of  The 
King's  Highway;  The  Great  Pilot;  Rills 
from  the  Fountain  of  Life;  Bible  Prom 
ises;  and  Natural  History  of  the  Bible. 
He  died  May  25,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NEWTON,  RICHARD  HEBER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1840,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  New  York  city,  rector  of  All 
Souls  church,  and  prominent  as  a  very 
broad  church  theologian.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Womanhood;  The  Morals  of 
Trade;  The  Right  and  Wrong  Uses  of 
the  Bible;  The  Book  of  the  Beginnings; 
Philistinism;  Social  Studies;  Church  and 
Creed;  and  The  Children's  Church. 

NEWTON,  ROBERT  SAFFORD,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1818,  in 
Gallipolis,  Ohio.  He  was  a  surgeon  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Ec 
lectic  Treatise  in  the  Practice  of  Medi 
cine;  and  Antiseptic  Surgery.  He  died 
Oct.  9,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

NEWTON,  ROBERT  SAFFORD,  phy 
sician,  journalist,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  2,  1855,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
He  was  professor  of  diseases  of  the  eye, 
throat,  and  skin,  in  the  New  York  Eclec 
tic  Medical  college  in  1881-86,  and  also 
dean  of  the  faculty.  He  edited  the  New 
York  Quarterly  Cancer  Journal  in  1880-81, 
and  the  New  York  Medical  Eclectic  from 
1877  till  1885. 

NEWTON,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1769  in  Norfolk,  Va.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1801  to  1829,  and  again  from  1831 
to  1833.  He  died  Aug.  5,  1847,  in  Norfolk, 
Va. 

NEWTON,  THOMAS  W.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Arkansas  in  February  and  March,  1847. 

NEWTON,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1820  in  England. 
He  was  a  reformed  episcopal  clergyman 
of  West  Chester,  Pa.,  and  the  author  of 
The  First  Two  Visions  of  the  Book  of 
Daniel;  The  Morning  Star,  and  Other 
Poems;  and  Nature's  Testimony  to  Na 
ture's  God. 

NEWTON,  WILLIAM  WILBERFORCE, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1843, 
in  Philadelphia.  He  is  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and  the  author 
of  Essays  of  To-Day,  Religious  and  The 
ological;  The  Legend  of  St.  Telemachus; 
The  Voice  of  St.  John,  and  Other  Poems; 
Summer  Sermons;  The  Voice  Out  of 
Egypt;  Ragnar,  the  Sea  King;  Paradise; 
The  Priest  and  the  Man,  or  Abelard  and 
Heloise,  an  historical  novel;  Life  of  W.  A. 
Muhlenberg;  and  several  collections  of 
sermons  to  children,  including  The  Wick 
et  Gate;  The  Interpreter's  House;  Little 
and  Wise;  and  A  Father's  Blessing. 

NEWTON,  WILLOUGHBY,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1843  to  1845. 

NIBLACK,  SILAS  N.,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Florida 
to  the  forty-second  congress,  having  suc 
cessfully  contested  the  seat  claimed  by 
Josiah  T.  Walls. 


692 


HERRING,""' *  WS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


NIBLACK,   WILLIAM  E.,  lawyer,   jur 
ist,     state    legislator,     congressman,    was 
born  May  19,  1822,  in  Dubois  county,  Ind. 
In   1843   he   was   ap- 
^^_^^  pointed    county    sur- 

:^      H|t  veyor,    and    in    1849 

^  was  elected  to  the 
..j»  £  Indiana  state  legis- 
I  lature,  where  he 
I  served  until  1852.  In 
I  1854  he  was  appoint- 
I  ed  a  circuit  judge, 
land  subsequently 
I  elected  for  six  years. 
I  He  was  elected  a  rep- 

~  thirty-fifth  congress 
from  Indiana,  and  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  He  was  elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  forty-first,  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses. 

NICHOLAS,  GEORGE,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  about  1755  in  Hanover,  Va. 
He  was  a  leading  member  of  the  con 
vention  which  ratified  the  federal  consti 
tution,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the 
house  of  delegates  in  Virginia.  He  moved 
to  Kentucky  in  1790;  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  for  framing  a  state  constitu 
tion,  and  was  the  author  of  that  instru 
ment.  He  was  the  first  attorney-general 
of  the  state.  He  died  in  1799  in  Ken 
tucky. 

NICHOLAS,  JOHN,  congressman,  state 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1761,  in  Will- 
iamsburg,  Va.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Virginia  from  1793  to 
1801.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Gene 
va,  N.  Y.,  whence  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  from  1806  to  1809.  He  died 
Dec.  31,  1819,  in  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

NICHOLAS,  PHILIP  NORBORNE,  law 
yer,  jurist,  banker,  was  born  in  1773  in 
Williamsburg,  Va.  For  many  years  he 
was  ^resident  of  the  Farmers'  bank  of 
Virginia,  and  was  judge  of  the  general 
court  of  Virginia  from  about  1823  till  his 
death.  He  died  Aug.  8,  1849,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va. 

NICHOLAS,  ROBERT  CARTER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  public  official,  was  born  in  1715 
in  Hanover,  Va.  He  represented  James 
City  in  the  house  of  burgesses  of  Vir 
ginia  when  very  young.  He  continued 
in  that  position  until  the  house  of  dele 
gates  was  organized  in  1777;  and  was  a 
member  of  that  body  until  1779,  when 
he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  high 
court  of  chancery,  and  subsequently  of  the 
court  of  appeals.  He  was  treasurer  of  the 
colony  from  1776  to  1777;  and  in  1773  was 
a  member  of  the  committee  of  corres 
pondence.  He  died  in  1780  in  Hanover, 
Va. 

NICHOLAS,  ROBERT  CARTER,  sol 
dier,  public  official,  was  born  about  1793 
in  Hanover,  Va.  He  was  appointed  cap 
tain  of  the  twentieth  infantry  in  1812; 
major  of  the  twelfth  infantry  in  1813,  and 
lieutenant-colonel  in  1814.  He  was 
charge  d'affaires  to  Naples,  and  subse 
quently  secretary  of  state  of  Louisiana. 
In  1851  he  became  state  superintendent 
of  public  instruction.  He  died  Dec.  24, 
1857,  in  Terrebonne,  La. 

NICHOLAS,  SAMUEL  SMITH,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  in  1796  in  Lex 
ington,  Ky.  In  1831  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  court  of  appeals;  and  he 
was  subsequently  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  state  legislature.  He  assisted  In 
preparing  the  revised  code  of  Kentucky, 
and  was  the  author  of  a  series  of  essays 
on  Constitutional  Law.  He  died  Nov.  27, 
1869,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 


NICHOLAS,  WILSON  CARY,  soldier, 
United  States  senator,  governor,  was 
born  about  1757  in  Hanover,  Va.  lie  was 
governor  of  Virginia;  was  an  officer  in 
the  war  of  the  revolution,  and  a  member 
of  the  convention  which  ratified  the  con 
stitution  of  the  United  States.  He  was  a 
distinguished  member  of  the  senate  of  the 
United  States  from  1799  to  1804;  and  of 
the  national  house  of  representatives  from 
1807  to  1809.  In  1804  he  resigned  his  seat 
in  the  senate,  and  accepted  the  office  of 
collector  of  the  ports  of  Norfolk  and 
Portsmouth.  He  was  afterward  again  a 
member  of  the  house,  but  resigned  his 
seat  in  1809.  In  1814  he  was  governor, 
and  remained  in  office  until  1817.  He 
died  Oct.  10,  1820,  in  Milton,  Ohio. 

NICHOLLS,  FRANCIS  TILLOU,  soldier, 
lawyer,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1834, 
in  Donaldsonville,  La.  The  most  notable 
fact  of  his  life  is  that  to  him  is  due  the 
organization  of  the  first  temperance  so 
ciety  of  Louisiana,  of  which  he  was  presi 
dent.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  in  the 
confederate  service,  and  became  briga 
dier-general.  During  1888-92  he  served 
with  distinction  as  governor  of  Louisiana, 
and  to  him  is  principally  due  the  defeat  of 
the  Louisiana  lottery. 

NICHOLLS,  JOHN  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  25,  1834,  in  Clinton,  Ga.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army  throughout  the 
war;  was  a  member  of  the  state  consti 
tutional  convention  of  1865,  and  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1868.  He  was  elect- 
rd  to  the  state  senate  in  1870  and  served 
five  years,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
democratic  national  convention  in  1876. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Georgia  to  the  forty-sixth  congress,  and 
was  also  elected  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

NICHOLLS,  RHODA,  artist,  was  born 
in  England.  In  1896  she  received  a  sil 
ver  medal  at  the  Atlanta  (Ga.)  interna 
tional  exposition  on  her  water-color  en 
titled  Searching  the  Scriptures. 

NICHOLS,  ALVA  W.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  in  1848,  near  Grand  Rap 
ids,  Mich.  He  acquired  his  education  at 

the     district     school 

and  the  high  schools 
of  Grand  Rapids  and 
Greenville.  He  stud 
ied  medicine  at  the 
State  university  at 
Ann  Arbor;  in  1874 
graduated  from  the 
Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  college  of 
New  York  city;  and 
has  since  been  suc 
cessfully  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Greenville.  In  1886  he  was 
a  nominee  for  state  senator;  in  1888  he 
was  a  fusion  elector,  and  since  1878  has 
been  a  greenbacker  and  populist.  He  has 
filled  various  public  offices  of  honor;  is 
a  member  of  the  leading  medical  societies, 
and  a  member  and  hearty  supporter  of 
various  fraternal  orders.  In  1894  he  was 
a  candidate  for  governor  of  Michigan  and 
made  a  remarkably  successful  canvass  on 
the  people's  ticket  for  that  high  office. 

NICHOLS,  CLARINDA  HOWARD,  re 
former,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1810,  in  Town- 
send,  Vt.  She  was  instrumental  in  se 
curing  the  passage  of  the  first  bill  in  the 
Vermont  legislature  that  recognized  the 
civil  existence  of  wives.  She  afterward 
emigrated  to  Kansas,  served  one  term  as 
recording  clerk  of  the  state  legislature, 
and  removed  to  Porno,  Cal.,  in  1871.  She 
died  Jan.  11,  1885,  in  Porno,  Cal. 


NICHOLS,  EDWARD  LEAMINGTON, 
Ph.  D.,  educator,  physicist,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  14,  1854,  in  England.  Since 
1887  he  has  been  professor  of  physics  in 
Cornell  university.  He  is  the  founder  and 
editor-in-chief  of  the  Physical  Review, 
and  is  the  author  of  A  Laboratory  Manual 
of  Physics  and  Applied  Electricity,  in  two 
volumes;  The  Elements  of  Physics;  and 
The  Outlines  of  Physics. 

NICHOLS,  EDWARD  TATNALL,  naval 
officer,  was  born  March  1,  1823,  in  Au 
gusta,  Ga.  He  was  appointed  to  the  Unit 
ed  States  naval  academy  in  1866;  became 
commodore  in  1872,  rear-admiral  in  1878, 
and  was  placed  on  the  retired  list  in 
March,  1885.  He  died  Oct.  12,  1886,  in 
Pomfret,  Conn. 

NICHOLS,  EDWARD  W.,  artist,  was 
born  in  December,  1820,  in  Oxford,  N.  H. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  artist  of 
New  York  city,  where  he  opened  a  stu 
dio.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1871,  in  Peekskill, 
N.  Y. 

NICHOLS,  ERNEST  FOX,  educator, 
author,  was  born  June  1,  1869,  in  Leaven- 
worth,  Kan.  In  1891-92  he  was  a  fellow  in 
physics  in  the  Cornell  university,  and 
since  1892  has  filled  the  chair  of  physics 
in  the  Colgate  university  of  Hamilton,  N. 
Y.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  im 
portant  researches  in  the  Heat  Spectrum. 
NICHOLS,  FRANCIS  T.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Louisiana  from  1876  to 
1880. 

NICHOLS,  GEORGE  WARD,  author, 
was  born  June  21,  1837,  in  Mt.  Desert, 
Maine.  He  was  a  writer  on  art  and  music 
who  was  president  of  the  Cincinnati  col 
lege  of  Music,  and  the  author  of  The  Story 
of  the  Great  March;  Art  Education  Ap 
plied  to  Industry;  Pottery;  and  Sanctuary, 
a  story  of  the  Civil  War.  He  died  Sept. 
15,  1885,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

NICHOLS,  ICHABOD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  7,  1784,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  He  was  a  Unitarian  minis 
ter  of  Portland,  Maine,  in  1814-55,  and 
from  the  latter  date  a  resident  of  Cam 
bridge.  He  was  the  author  of  Natural 
Theology;  Hours  with  the  Evangelists; 
and  Remembered  Words.  He  died  Jan. 
2,  1859,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

NICHOLS,  JAMES  ROBINSON,  chem 
ist,  author,  was  born  July  19,  1819,  in 
West  Amesbury  (now  Merrimac),  Mass. 
He  was  a  manufacturing  chemist  of  Bos 
ton  who  founded  The  Journal  of  Chemis 
try  (now  The  Popular  Science  News)  in 
1866,  and  was  the  author  of  What,  When, 
and  Where?  Fireside  Science;  Chemistry 
of  the  Farm;  and  The  New  Agriculture. 
He  died  Jan.  2,  1888,  in  Haverhill,  Mass. 

NICHOLS,  JOHN,  educator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1834,  in  Wake 
county,  N.  C.  From  1873  till  1877  he  was 
principal  of  the  North  Carolina  institute 
for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  the  Blind,  in 
Raleigh,  N.  C.  In  1881  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  at  Raleigh.  He  has  been  sec 
retary  and  treasurer  of  the  State  Fair 
association  for  a  number  of  years,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  an 
independent. 

NICHOLS,  MRS.  MARY  SARGEANT, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1810, 
in  Goffstown,  N.  H.  She  is  a  hydropathic 
physician,  and  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
Anatomy  and  Physiology;  Experience  in 
Water  Cure;  A  Woman's  Work  in  Water 
Cure  and  Sanitary  Education.  As  Mary 
Orme  she  published  the  novels,  Uncle 
John;  Agnes  Norris;  and  The  Two  Loves, 
Eros  and  Anteros. 

NICHOLS,  MATTHIAS  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1824,  in  Salem 
county,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-third,  thirty- 
fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


693 


NICHOLS,  MOSES,  physician,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1759  in  Amherst,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  general  of  militia  during  the  revo 
lution.  He  died  in  May,  1790,  in  Am 
herst,  N.  H. 

NICHOLS,  MRS  REBECCA  S.  (REED), 
poet,  was  born  in  August,  1820,  in  Green 
wich,  N.  J.  She  is  a  poet  of  Cincinnati, 
and  the  author  of  Bernice,  and  Other 
Poems;  and  Songs  of  the  Heart. 

NICHOLS,  ROLAND,  poet,  was  born 
Aug.  1,  1865,  in  Shalersville,  Ohio.  He  has 
contributed  numerous  poems  to  the  lead 
ing  periodicals  of  Ohio. 

NICHOLS,  STARR  HOYT,  broker,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1834  in  Connecticut.  He 
is  a  broker  of  New  York  city,  in  earlier 
life  a  Unitarian  minister.  He  has  pub 
lished  Monte  Rosa,  the  Epic  of  an  Alp. 

NICHOLS,  THOMAS  L.,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1820.  He  is'  an  Amer 
ican  physician  who  settled  in  Malvern, 
England,  near  the  opening  of  the  civil 
war,  and  the  author  of  Women  in  All 
Ages;  Esoteric  Anthropology;  Forty 
Years  of  American  Life;  How  to  Cook; 
How  to  Behave;  How  to  Live  on  Six 
pence  a  Day;  and  Human  Physiology  the 
Basis  of  Sanitary  Reforms. 

NICHOLS,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  sol 
dier,  was  born  May  12,  1818,  in  Philadel 
phia.  He  became  colonel  and  brevet  brig 
adier-general  in  1864,  and  brevet  major- 
general  in  1865  for  meritorious  service 
during  the  civil  war.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  chief  of  staff  and  adjutant- 
general  of  the  military  department  of  Mis 
souri.  He  died  April  8,  1869,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 

NICHOLS,  WILLIAM  RIPLEY,  chem 
ist,  educator,  author,  was  born  April  30, 
1847,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  devoted 
to  the  interests  of  the  institute  of  Tech 
nology,  and  compiled  a  record  of  the  Pub 
lications  of  Its  Officers,  Students,  and 
Alumni,  in  which  may  be  found  a  com 
plete  list  of  his  own  papers  down  to  1882. 
Besides  his  scientific  papers  he  published 
in  book-form  An  Elementary  Manual  of 
Chemistry,  abridged  from  Eliot  and  Sto- 
rer's  Manual.  He  died  July  14,  1886,  in 
Germany. 

NICHOLSON,  ALFRED  OSBORNE 
POPE,  lawyer,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1808,  in  Will 
iamson  county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Tennessee  state  legislature  from 
1833  to  1839;  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1840  to  1842;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  from 
1843  to  1845.  He  was  chancellor  of  the 
middle  division  of  the  state  in  1845;  was 
president  of  the  bank  of  Tennessee  in 
1846  and  1847,  and  was  elected  printer  of 
the  house  of  representatives  by  the  thirty- 
third  congress,  and  printer  of  the  senate 
by  the  thirty-fourth  congress.  He  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  Ten 
nessee  for  the  term  commencing  in  1859 
and  ending  in  1865,  but  was  expelled  July 
11,  1861.  He  died  March  23,  1876,  in  Col 
umbia,  Tenn. 

NICHOLSON,  MRS.  ELIZA  JANE 
(POITEVENT),  journalist,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1849  in  Mississippi.  She  was 
a  journalist  of  New  Orleans,  owner  and 
editor  of  The  Picayune,  and  the  first 
woman  in  the  world  to  own  and  manage 
a  great  dally  paper.  She  was  the  author 
of  Lyrics.  She  died  in  1896. 

NICHOLSON,  FRANCIS,  governor.  He 
was  lieutenant-governor  of  New  York 
under  Andres;  was  go\  ernor  of  Virginia 
in  1690-92,  and  from  1699  to  1705;  and 
governor  of  Maryland  in  1694-99.  He  died 
March  5,  1728,  in  London,  England. 


NICHOLSON,  ISAAC  LEA,  bishop  of 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1844, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  consecrated 
bishop  of  Milwaukee  in  St.  Mark's  church, 
Philadelphia,  in  1891.  He  has  published 
occasional  sermons,  addresses  and  pas 
torals,  and  has  compiled  several  liturgi 
cal  manuals. 

NICHOLSON,  JAMES  BARTRAM,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1820,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  He  is  a  prominent  bookbinder  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  a  Manual 
of  Bookbinding,  an  exhaustive  treatise  on 
the  subject. 

NICHOLSON,  JAMES  OSCAR,  lawyer, 
politician,  was  born  March  29,  1847,  in 
Pike  county,  111.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  union  army  at 
the  age  of  seventeen.  He  subsequently 
lived  in  Missouri,  California,  Oregon  and 
Washington  territory,  and  since  1878  has 
been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in 
Texas,  and  since  1881  in  Laredo.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  political  affairs; 
has  been  a  delegate  from  his  county  to 
every  state  democratic  convention  in 
Texas  for  the  past  fourteen  years,  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic 
conventions  in  1892  and  in  1896. 

NICHOLSON,  JAMES  WILLIAM  AU 
GUSTUS,  naval  officer,  was  born  March 
10,  1821,  in  Dedham,  Mass.  He  served  in 
the  United  States  navy  during  the  civil 
war,  attaining  the  rank  of  admiral.  He 
died  Oct.  28,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

NICHOLSON,  JASPER  HOPPER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1770 
"in  Maryland.  In  1805  he  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  sixth  judicial  district, 
and  was  also  a  judge  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals  of  Maryland.  From  1799  to  1806  he 
was  a  representative  in  congress.  He 
died  March  4,  1817,  in  Maryland. 

NICHOLSON,  JOHN,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1765.  He  was 
for  several  years  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1809  to 
1811.  He  died  in  January,  1820. 

NICHOLSON,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1827,  in  Lau 
rel,  Del.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Delaware  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

NICHOLSON,  JOHN  REED,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  19,  1849,  in  Dover, 
Del.  He  has  served  with  distinction  as 
attorney-general  of  Delaware,  and  is  now 
chancellor  of  the  state  of  Delaware. 

NICHOLSON,  SAMUEL,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1743  in  Maryland.  He  was 
the  first  commander  of  the  frigate  Con 
stitution,  the  building  of  which  he  super 
intended.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
at  the  head  of  the  navy.  He  died  Dec.  29, 
1813,  in  Charlestown,  Mass. 

NICHOLSON,  TIMOTHY,  educator,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1828,  in  Belvi- 
dere,  N.  C.  He  is  prominent  in  temperance 
reform,  a  member  of  the  Indiana  state 
board  of  charities  and  corrections  since 
1889,  and  president  of  the  state  conference 
of  charities  since  1896. 

NICHOLSON,  WILLIAM  RUFUS,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1822,  in 
Green  county,  Miss.  He  is  a  reformed 
episcopal  bishop,  dean  of  the  theological 
seminary  of  that  faith  in  Philadelphia, 
and  the  author  of  The  Blessedness  of  Hea 
ven;  Why  I  Became  a  Reformed  Episco 
palian;  The  Real  Presence;  and  The  Call 
to  the  Ministry. 


NICHOLSON,  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  in 
ventor,  manufacturer,  was  born  March  22, 
1834,  in  Pawtucket,  R.  I.     He  was  famous 
as    the    inventor    of 

-•  the     first    successful 

^^Hb^^  machine  for  cutting 

files,  and  as  the 
founder  and  presi 
dent  for  thirty  years 
»"  of  the  Nicholson 
File  company,  one 
of  the  great  manu- 
facturing  corpora- 
Rfc  tions  of  the  east.  He 
attended  the  c  o  m- 
mon  schools  until 
the  age  of  thirteen, 
and  then,  after  a  year  spent  at  Uxbridge 
academy,  entered  a  machine  shop  to  learn 
the  trade  of  a  machinist.  He  branched 
out  for  himself  in  the  manufacture  of 
machinery  and  machine  tools,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.,  and  during  the  civil  war 
executed  heavy  government  contracts  for 
supplying  parts  of  rifles.  In  1864  he 
went  to  work  in  earnest  upon  an  idea 
which  had  long  occupied  his  mind,  the 
invention  of  an  improved  machine  for 
cutting  files.  After  considerable  study 
and  labor  he  succeeded  in  perfecting  an 
invention,  and  after  securing  his  patents, 
immediately  organized  a  stock  company 
for  the  utilization  of  it.  After  years  of 
experiment,  and  the  inspection  of  the 
various  methods  by  which  files  were  pro 
duced  both  in  this  country  and  abroad, 
and  the  construction  of  a  variety  of  ma 
chinery,  for  which  over  forty  patents  were 
obtained,  he  brought  his  company  to  the 
position  which  he  desired,  that  of  being 
the  largest  manufacturers  of  files  in  the 
world,  and  of  producing  a  recognizedly 
superior  quality  article.  He  died  Oct.  17, 
1893,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

NICKERSON,  CHARLES  SUMNER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1861, 
in  Chatham,  Mass.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  and  attended  Tufts  College  Div 
inity  school.  For  four  years  he  was  -a 
displayman  in  the  United  States  signal 
service;  since  1886  has  been  a  successful 
clergyman,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in 
Newton,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  entitled  Noble  Living;  and  a  con 
stant  contributor  to  religious  publica 
tions. 

NICKERSON,  FRANKLIN  STEVEN, 
soldier,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1826,  in  Swan- 
ville,  Maine.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  gallantly,  and  became  major  and 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  fourth  regiment, 
and  in  1862  he  was  commissioned  a  briga 
dier-general.  In  1873  he  opened  a  law 
office  in  Boston,  and  is  noted  as  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers  of  New  England. 

NICKERSON,  SAMUEL  M.,  banker.  He 
is  an  able  financier,  and  one  of  the  fore 
most  bankers  of  Chicago,  111. 

NICKLIN,  PHILIP  HOLBROOK,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1786  in  Philadelphia. 
He  contributed  articles  on  conchology  to 
Silliman's  Journal,  and  to  other  periodi 
cals;  wrote  Letters  Descriptive  of  the  Vir 
ginia  Springs;  Pleasant  Peregrinations 
Through  Pennsylvania;  and  Remarks  on 
Literary  Property.  He  died  March  2, 
1842,  in  Philadelphia. 

NICOL,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1854, 
in  Brentsville,  Va.  He  attended  the  Rich 
mond  college  and  the  university  of  Vir 
ginia.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  house  of  delegates  of  Vir 
ginia  for  three  sessions;  and  since  1895 
he  has  been  judge  of  the  eleventh  judicial 
circuit  of  Virginia.  He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  the  south  and  resides 
in  Manassas,  Va. 


694 


HKRRINGSIIAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OK    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


NICOLAY,  JOHN  GEORGE,  public  offi 
cial,  author,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1826,  in 
Bavaria.  He  was  the  private  secretary 
of  President  Lincoln,  and  marshal  of 
the  United  States  supreme  court  in  1872- 
87.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Outbreak  of  the 
Rebellion;  and  Abraham  Lincoln,  a  His 
tory. 

NICOLL,  HENRY,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  23,  1812,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1846,  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1847  to  1849. 

NICOLL,  JAMES  CRAIG,  artist,  was 
born  Nov.  22,  1846,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  elected  president  of  the  Artists' 
Fund  society  in  1887,  and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  American  water-color  so 
ciety,  and  its  secretary  for  several  years. 
Among  his  water-colors,  by  which  he  is 
perhaps  best  known,  are  On  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence;  Foggy  Morning,  Grand 
Menan;  Moonlight,  Cape  Ann;  Coast 
View  in  Spring;  and  Off  Portland  Harbor. 

NICOLL,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Georgia.  In  1839  he  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  district  of 
Georgia. 

N1COLLET,  JEAN  NICHOLAS,  explor 
er,  was  born  July  24,  1786,  in  Cluses,  Sav 
oy.  After  exploring  the  southern  states 
he  studied  the  great  basin  that  is  em 
braced  by  the  sources  of  the  Red,  Arkan 
sas  and  Missouri  rivers,  and  in  1836  ex 
tended  his  investigations  to  the  sources 
of  the  Mississippi.  On  his  return  to  Wash 
ington  he  was  engaged  by  the  war  de 
partment  to  visit  the  far  west  and  pre 
pare  a  general  report  and  map  for  the 
government.  He  died  Sept.  11.  1843.  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

NICOLLS,  RICHARD,  governor,  was 
born  in  1624  in  England.  He  was  the 
first  English  governor  of  New  York.  He 
died  May  28,  1672,  at  sea. 

NICOLSON,  FRANK  WALTER,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1864,  in 
Sackville,  Canada.  Since  1895  he  has  been 
instructor  of  Latin  in  the  Wesleyan  uni 
versity  of  Middletown,  Conn.  He  is  the 
author  of  Phonics  of  Science;  Plutus  of 
Aristophanes;  and  has  contributed  sev 
eral  articles  to  Harvard  classical  studies. 

NICOLSON,  SAMUEL,  inventor,  was 
born  Dec.  22,  1792,  in  Plymouth,  Mass. 
He  was  the  inventor  of  the  Nicolson  pave 
ment,  which  has  been  extensively  used  in 
all  the  principal  cities  of  the  United 
States,  and  in  various  other  countries.  He 
died  Jan.  6,  1868. 

NICUM,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  6,  1851,  in  Germany.  He  is 
a  prominent  lutheran  minister  of  Roch 
ester,  N.  Y.,  who  has  published  History 
of  the  New  York  Ministerium;  Gleichniss- 
Reden  Jesu;  Weihnachts  Andacht;  and  a 
translation  of  Wolf's  Lutherans  in  Amer 
ica. 

NIEDRINGHAUS,  FREDERICK  G., 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  21,  1837,  in  Germany.  In  1862  he  be 
gan  the  stamping  of  tinware;  in  1866 
iln  business  was  incorporated  under  the 
name  of  St.  Louis  Stamping  company,  in 
Missouri,  of  which  he  is  president.  In 
1874  he  invented  what  is  called  granite 
ironware,  and  in  1881  established  ex 
tensive  rolling  mills.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

NIEMAN,  L.  W.,  journalist,  was  born 
Dec.  13,  1857,  in  Mukwonago,  Wis.  He 
is  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Milwaukee 
Journal,  which  was  the  first  two-cent 
dally  publication  in  the  state  of  Wiscon 
sin. 


NIEMEYER,  JOHN  HENRY,  artist,  was 
born  June  25,  1839,  in  Germany.  He  has 
painted  various  gsnre  pictures  and  por 
traits,  among  the  best  of  which  are  Gut 
enberg  Inventing  Movable  Type;  a  por 
trait  of  Theodore  D.  Woolsey;  The  Braid; 
Where?;  Why?;  and  Sancta  Simplicitas. 

NIER1KER,  MRS.  MAY  (ALCOTT), 
artist,  author,  was  born  in  1840  in  Massa 
chusetts.  She  is  an  artist  who  published 
Concord  Sketches;  and  Studying  Art 
Abroad.  She  died  in  1879. 

NIETERT,  HENRY  JOHN,  banker,  leg 
islator,  was  born  March  12,  1848,  in  Day 
ton,  Ohio.  He  organized  the  Exchange 
bank  of  Walker,  Iowa,  in  1885,  and  is  its 
president.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the 
house  in  the  twenty-fifth  and  twenty- 
sixth  general  assemblies  of  Iowa. 

NILES,  HENRY  CLAY,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1850,  in 
Kosciusko,  Miss.  In  1878  and  in  1886  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Mississippi 
state  legislature  and  in  1880  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  national  republican  conven 
tion.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  his 
native  city;  was  United  States  district  at 
torney  for  the  northern  district  of  Missis 
sippi  in  1890-91;  and  in  1892  was  appoint 
ed  by  President  Harrison  as  United  States 
district  judge  for  the  northern  and  south 
ern  districts  of  Mississippi. 

NILES,  HEZKKIAH,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  10,  1777,  in  Chester  county, 
Pa.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Baltimore, 
founder  of  Niles's  Register.  The  towns  of 
Niles,  Mich.,  and  Niles,  Ohio,  were  named 
in  his  honor.  He  is  the  author  of  Quill 
Driving;  and  Principles  and  Acts  of  the 
Revolutionary  Period.  He  died  April  2, 
1839,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

NILES,  JASON,  congressman.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress  from 
Mississippi. 

NILES,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  educator, 
state  senator,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1808,  in 
Fairlee,  Vt.  He  was  elected  to  the  In 
diana  state  senate  in  1864,  where  he 
served  one  term.  For  twelve  years  he  oc 
cupied  the  chair  of  professor  of  chemis 
try  in  the  Indiana  Medical  college,  locat 
ed  at  Laporte,  having  been  elected  to  the 
position  in  1840. 

NILES,  JOHN  MILTON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  20,  1787,  in  Windsor,  Conn.  He  was 
made  a  senator  in  congress  in  1835,  in 
which  position  he  remained  until  1839.  In 
1840  he  was  appointed  postmaster-general, 
and  in  1842  was  again  elected  to  the  Unit 
ed  States  senate,  serving  six  years.  He 
edited  a  Gazetteer  of  Connecticut  and 
Rhode  Island;  and  wrote  a  History  of 
South  America;  The  Civil  War;  and  sev 
eral  biographical  works.  He  died  May  31, 
1856,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

NILES,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  inventor, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  April  3,  1741,  in  South  Kensington, 
R.  I.  He  was  the  inventor  of  making  wire 
from  bar  iron  by  water  power,  and  erected 
at  Norwich,  Conn.,  a  woolen-card  manu 
factory.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ver 
mont  legislature,  and  speaker  of  the 
house.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Vermont,  and  was  six  times  a 
presidential  elector.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Vermont  from  1791 
to  1795.  He  wrote  poetry  and  many  ser 
mons,  and  preached  in  his  own  house 
twelve  years.  He  died  Oct.  31,  1828,  in 
West  Fairlee,  Vt. 

NILES,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  banker, 
was  born  Sept.  15,  1835,  in  South  Ken 
sington,  R.  I.  He  became  speaker  of 
the  New  Jersey  assembly  in  1872,  gov 
ernment  director  of  the  Union  Pacific  rail 
road  in  1879,  and  since  1884  has  been  pres 


ident  of  the  Tradesmen's  National  bank  or 
N«w  York  city. 

NILES,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  14,  1744,  in  Braintree,  Mass. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  a  congrega 
tional  church  in  Abington  in  1771,  and 
preached  there  for  forty  years.  He  pub 
lished  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  General 
Washington;  and  a  sermon  before  the 
Massachusetts  Missionary  society.  He 
died  Jan.  16,  1814,  in  Abington,  Mass. 

NILES,  WILLIAM  WOODRUFF,  bish 
op,  was  born  May  24,  1832,  in  Canada.  In 
1857  he  graduated  from  the  Trinity  col 
lege  of  Hartford;  and  in  1861  from  the 
Berkeley  Divinity  school  of  Middletown, 
Conn.  The  same  year  he  was  ordained  a 
deacon,  and  a  priest  in  1862.  He  then  took 
charge  as  rector  of  St.  Philip's  of  Wiscas- 
sett,  Maine.  In  1864  he  returned  to  Con 
necticut  and  filled  the  chair  of  Latin 
language  and  literature  in  Trinity  col 
lege.  In  1870  he  was  consecrated  second 
bishop  of  New  Hampshire.  He  is  the 
author  of  numerous  Addresses  and  Es 
says;  and  for  a  while  was  editor  of 
The  Churchman. 

N1NDE,  WILLIAM  XAVIER,  clergy 
man,  bishop,  was  born  June  21,  1832,  in 
Cortland,  N.  Y.  He  attended  the  Wes 
leyan  university  of 
Middletown,  Conn.; 
has  filled  various 
pastorates  in  the 
methodist  episcopal 
church;  and  f  o  r 
many  years  was 
president  of  the  Gar- 
rett  Biblical  insti 
tute  of  Evanston,  111. 
In  1881  he  was  a  del 
egate  to  the  method 
ist  ecumenical  con 
ference  in  London. 
Since  1884  he  has  been  bishop  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church,  and  resides 
in  Detroit,  Mich. 

NINDEMANN,  WILLIAM  FR1EDRICH 
CARL,  explorer,  inventor,  author,  was 
born  April  22,  1850,  in  Germany.  He 
went  on  the  arctic  expedition  in  the 
steamer  Polaris,  which  sailed  from  New 
London  in  1871.  He  has  invented  a  tong 
for  the  gaff  of  fore-and-aft  rigged  vessels, 
which  was  patented  in  1883;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  pamphlet  entitled  Eines 
Deutschen  Matrosen  Norclpolfahrten. 

NIPHER,  FRANCIS  EUGENE,  scien 
tist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1847,  in 
Port  Byron,  N.  Y.  For  many  years  he 
was  professor  of  physics  and  electrical 
engineering  in  the  Washington  univer 
sity  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  St.  Louis  Academy  of  Science, 
and  also  of  the  Engineers'  club.  He  is 
the  author  of  Theory  of  Magnetic  Meas 
urements;  A  Mathematical  Treatise  on 
Electricity  and  Magnetism;  and  many 
scientific  papers. 

NISHET,  EUGEN1US  ARISTIDES,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
7,  1803,  near  1'nion  Point,  Ga.  He  was 
for  several  years  a 
judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state. 
He  was  a  representa- 
1 1  v  e  in  congress 
from  1839  to  1841; 
took  an  active  part 
in  the  rebellion  of 
1861;  and  became  a 
member  of  the  con 
federate  congress.  It 
is  stated  that  Judge 
Nisbet  drew  the  ori 
ginal  resolutions  dis 
solving  the  connection  of  the  state  of 
Georgia  with  the  American  Union  at  the 
time  of  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war.  He 
died  March  18,  1871,  in  Macon,  Ga. 


IIKKKINdSII  AWS     KNCYiM.MPKI'lA     OK     A  Jl  KUICA  N      IlKXiltAI' 


r.itr. 


NITSril.  MRS.  HELEN  ALICE  I.MAT 
THKWS),  author,  was  born  in  England. 
She  was  a  writer  on  domestic1  science 
whose  home  was  at  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  and 
was  the  author  of  Choice  Cookery;  Cul 
ture  and  Cooking;  Ten  Dollars  Enough; 
Perfect  Bread;  Gentle  Dread-Winners; 
Molly  Bishop's  Family;  and  Progressive 
Housekeeping.  She  died  in  1889. 

N1VEN,  ARCHIBAU)  C.,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1845  to  1847; 
and  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
in  1864. 

NIXON,  .JOHN,  soldier,  was  born 
March  4,  1725,  in  Framlngham,  Mass. 
He  was  appointed  brigadier-general  in 
1776,  and  intrusted  with  the  command  of 
Governor's  Island,  New  York  harbor.  He 
died  March  24,  1815,  in  Middlebury,  Vt. 

NIXON,  JOHN  THOMPSON,  lawyer, 
••jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  wus 
born  Aug.  31,  1820,  in  Fairton,  N.  J.  He 
served  in  the  New  Jersey  legislature  from 
1848  to  1850,  during  the  last  year  as  speak 
er.  He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  Jersey  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Phil 
adelphia  loyalists'  convention  of  1866,  and 
in  1870  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  the  district  of  New  Jersey.  He 
died  Sept.  28,  1889,  in  Stockbridge,  Mass. 

NOAH,  MORDECAl  MANUEL,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  July  14,  1785,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  once  noted 
journalist  of  New  York  city,  who  en 
deavored  unsuccessfully  to  found  a  Jew 
ish  colony  on  Grand  Island,  in  the  Nia 
gara  river.  He  was  the  author  of  Travels 
in  England,  France  and  Spain;  Gleanings 
from  a  Gathered  Harvest.  He  wrote  sev 
eral  successful  plays,  among  which  are, 
The  Siege  of  Tripoli;  and  The  Fortress  of 
Sorroilte.  He  died  May  22,  1851,  in  New 
York  city. 

NOATMAN,  FRANKLIN  S.,  poet,  was 
born  July  31,  1858,  in  Wethersfield,  N.  Y. 
He  is  the  author  of  numerous  hymns  and 
religious  poems,  and  has  published  a 
work  entitled  Glimpses  of  the  New  Jeru 
salem.  He  is  known  in  his  native  state 
as  the  Bard  of  North  Java. 

NOBLE,  ANNETTE  LUCILE,  author, 
was  born  July  12,  1844,  in  Albion,  N.  Y. 
She  is  a  fiction  writer  of  Albion,  N.  Y., 
among  whose  works  are  Uncle  Jack's  Ex 
ecutors;  Eunice  Lathrop,  Spinster;  Love 
and  Shawl-Straps;  After  the  Failure;  and 
The  Silent  Man's  Legacy. 

NOBLE,  CALISTA,  educator,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  11,  1835,  in  Crawford  county, 
Pa.  After  receiving  a  liberal  education, 
she  became  a  school  teacher,  and  has  at 
tained  success  as  an  educator.  She  has 
written  both  prose  and  verse  for  the  peri 
odical  press,  and  some  of  her  poems  have 
been  included  in  several  national  collec 
tions. 

NOBLE,  DAVIU  A.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  On  mov 
ing  to  Michigan,  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1853  to  1855. 

NOBLE,  EDMUND,  journalist,  author. 
He  is  a  journalist  who  traveled  in  Russia 
in  1882-84,  and  since  1884  has  lived  in 
Boston.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Russian 
Revolt. 

NOBLE,  JAMES,  state  senator,  was 
born  about  1790  in  Battletown,  Va.  He 
was  a  senator  In  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1816  to  1831.  He  died  Feb.  26,  1831, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

NOBLE,  JOHN  WILLOCK,  lawyer,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1831,  in  Lancaster, 
Ohio.  He  served  two  years  as  city  at 


torney  of  Kt'okuk.  Iowa.  He  entered  (bo 
service  as  first  lieutenant  In  1862,  and 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general  for  dis 
tinguished  and  meritorious  services  In  the 
Held.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
district  attorney  for  eastern  Missouri  in 
IS67,  which  office  he  resigned  In  1S70.  lie 
was  appointed  secretary  of  the  Interior  in 
1889. 

NOHLE,  LOUIS  LEGKANI).  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  26,  18i;i,  In  Lisbon, 
N.  Y.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman 
who  held  various  rectorships  successively 
in  the  state  of  New  York;  and  the  author 
of  Ne-Ma-Nln,  nn  Indian  story  In  verse; 
The  Course  of  Empire,  a  work  relating  to 
the  artist  Cole;  The  Lady  Angellne,  and 
Other  Poems;  and  A  Voyage  to  the  Arctic 
Seas.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1SH2,  In  Ionia,  Mich. 

NOBLE,  PATRICK,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  governor,  was  born  In  1787  In  Abbe 
ville  district,  S.  C.  lie  was  a  state  repre 
sentative  from  South  Carolina  In  1812; 
was  speaker  from  1818  to  1824,  and  again 
from  1832.  In  1836  he  was  president  of 
the  state  senate,  and  was  governor  from 
IX;i8  to  1810.  He  died  April  7,  1840,  111 
Abbeville,  S.  C. 

NOBLIO,  THOMAS  SATTERWII ITE, 
artist,  was  born  May  29,  1835,  In  Lexing 
ton,  Ky.  lie  studied  art  In  Paris,  and  has 
attained  success  as  a  painter  of  history, 
genre  and  portraiture.  In  1865  lie  exhibit 
ed  his  first  important  canvas,  The  Slav 
Market;  In  1866  he  exhibited  Margaret, 
Garner,  a  tragedy  from  real  life;  and  in 

1867  he    painted    The    Price    of    Blood,    a 
successful  picture  depleting  slave  life.     In 

1868  he   was   elected   to   fill    the   chair   of 
fine  arts  in   the   university  of  Cincinnati, 
the  art  department  of  which  Institution  In 
1884    was    transferred    to    the    Clnclnnaii 
Museum  association,  of   which   Mr.   Noble 
is  still  the  presiding  olllcer.     Other  of  his 
works   are:   John    Brown;    Wltchill;    For 
given;  and  other  subject  pictures;  and   in 
principal    porlralts   are   of   Joseph    Lour 
worth,    Reuben    R.    Springer,   Col.   George 
Ward  Nichols,  David  Slnton,  and   others. 

NOBLE,  WARREN  P.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  June  14,  1820,  near  Berwick, 
I'a.  ll<>  received  the  rudiments  of  hi;;  '•<! 
ucatlon  In  the  public  schools  of  Ohio,  and 
graduated  from  the  academy  of  John 
McGreggor  in  Wadsworth,  Ohio.  Ho  then 
taught  In  the  public  schools  of  Fostorla, 
and  had  for  his  pupils  Hon.  Charles  Fos 
ter,  Judge  Lawrence  and  Judge  Caploo. 
Since  1843  he  has  been  engaged  In  I  lie 
practice  of  law,  and  has  become  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ohio  at  Tlllln. 
He  served  two  terms  In  the  house  ol  rep 
resentatlves  of  Ohio,  and  was  twice  elect 
ed  prosecuting  attorney  of  his  county. 
During  1861-65  he  served  with  distinction 
as  a  member  of  congress.  Ho  was  on<-  ol 
the  organizers  of  the  Ohio  State  univer 
sity;  was  a  director  ol  tin-  railroad 
from  Tiffin  to  Toledo;  and  I'm-  many 
years  was  president  of  the  Commercial 
bank  of  Tiffin,  of  which  he  Is  now  vice- 
president. 

NOBLE,  WILLIAM  H.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  In  1788  In  Now 
York.  He  served  throe  years  In  tho  as 
sembly  of  that  state  from  Caynga  county, 
and  was  a  representative  In  congress 
from  New  York  from  1837  to  1839.  He 
died  Feb.  5,  1850,  in  Rochester. 

NOEL,  EDMOND  FAVOR,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  March  4,  1856,  near  Lex 
ington,  Miss.  During  1882-84  ho  was  a 
member  of  the  Mississippi  state  legisla 
ture;  and  In  1896  be  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate  for  four  years.  He 
Is  an  able  lawyer  of  Lexington,  Miss.,  and 
during  1887-91  served  with  distinction  as 
district  attorney. 


NOELL,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  1C,  1816, 
In  Bradford  county,  Va.  Hi'  served  four 
years  In  tho  state  senate  of  Missouri.  In 
1858  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  tho  thirty-seventh  anil 
thirty-eighth  congresses.  He  died  March 
14,  1863,  In  Washington. 

NOELL,  THOMAS  E.,  .soldier,  luwyor. 
congressman,  was  horn  April  3,  IH3U,  In 
I'errys  Illo.  Mo.  He  was  elected  a  ropro- 
Mlssourl  to  Hie  Ihlrty- 

allil    re   elected    In    tile    for 
H< 


Oct.    3.    1867,    111 


tentative  from 

ninth  congress, 
lii-lli  congress. 
St.  Louis. 

NOKES,  SYLVESTER  !).,  soldlor,  farm 
er,  politician,  WHS   born    Fob.    II.    1K3&,   In 
Franklin  county,  N.  Y.     In   1862  ho  enlist 
ed     In    company     10. 
inn-      hundred      and 
nineteenth        llhtmi- 
volunteer      Infantry; 

he     WHS     mil    In  i'il     111 

as  second  lieutenant, 
and  was  subsequent 
ly  promoted  to  cap- 
lain,  lie  Is  a  suc 
cessful  farmer  of 
Brown  county,  III.; 
Is  prominent  In  UK* 
political  affairs  o  f 
his  county  and  sluto; 
and  ii.i  nii'ii  .'i  number  of  Important  pub 

lie  offices. 

NOLAN,  DANIEL  M..  merchant,  poet, 
was  born  June  17,  1842,  In  Ireland.  Hi' 
emigrated  to  America.  In  1865,  and  Is  now 
a  successful  merchant  of  I  laverhlll,  Mass., 
and  Is  known  In  New  England  as  the  (Iro- 
ccr-Poet.  Ho  has  written  extensively 
both  prose  and  verso  to  I  he  periodical 
lire:  s,  and  Is  the  aiithoi'  of  a  volume  of 
his  collected  poems,  which  contain  wit, 
humor  and  pathos. 

NOLAN,  MICHAEL  N.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  In  May,  1834,  In 
Ireland.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  the  city 
of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  In  1878,  re-elected  In  1880, 
and  again  re-olocted  In  1882,  while  s«rv- 
Ing  as  a  member  of  oonurosH.  lie  was 
elected  to  Hie  forty-seventh  congress 
as  a  demon  at . 

NOLEN,  JAMES  THEODORE,  educat 
or,  college  president,  was  born  April  22, 
1863,  In  Franklin,  N.  C.  He  attended  tho 
Emory  and  Henry  college,  Virginia,  and 
the  Vandcrbllf  university  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.  This  successful  educator  has  boon 
principal  of  the  Wlllislou  academy,  Ton- 
noHsoo,  and  Is  now  president,  of  the  Flori 
da  Conference  college  of  Lccsburg,  Fla. 

NOON,  ALON/O  ARTHUR,  railroad 
president,  was  horn  Juno  28,  1837,  In 
Kill-land.  He  has  been  president  of  tllo 
Salt  Lake  and  Morcur  Railroad  company 
since  its  organization, 

NOONAN,  GEORGE  II.,  lawyer,  Jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Iti  New  Jersey.  Ho 
practiced  law  In  Texas  until  elected  judgn 
of  tho  district  court  In  1862,  and  has  held 
the  office  of  Judge  continuously  from  that 
time  to  tho  present.  Ho  watt  elected  to* 
tlio  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

NOHCROKH,  AMAHA,  lawyer,  stale  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1824, 
In  Kludge,  N.  II.  Ho  was  a  member  of  tho 
Massachusetts  house  of  representatives  In 
I8.r,s,  185!)  and  1862;  was  assessor  of  Inter 
nal  revenue  from  1862  to  1873,  and  was 
mayor  of  Fltohburg  In  1873  and  1874.  He 
was  a  stato  senator  In  1874;  atul  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Massachu 
setts  to  tho  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  republican. 
He  Is  president  of  the  Fltchbnrg  Mutual 
Flro  Insurance,  company  and  other  Insti 
tutions. 


€96 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


NORDHEIMER,  ISAAC,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1809  in  Germany.  He 
was  an  educator  of  New  York  city,  and  in 
structor  in  sacred  literature  at  Union  The 
ological  seminary  in  1838-42.  He  was  the 
author  of  Hebrew  Grammar;  and  Gram 
matical  Analysis  of  Select  Portions  of 
Scripture.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1842,  in  New 
York  city. 

NORDHOFF,  CHARLES,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1830,  in  Prussia. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  Man-of-War  Life;  The  Mer 
chant  Vessel;  Whaling  and  Fishing;  Man- 
of-War  Yarns;  Cape  Cod  and  All  Along 
Shore;  Peninsular  California;  Northern 
California;  Secession  Is  Rebellion;  Com 
munistic  Societies  of  the  Linited  States; 
Politics  for  Y'oung  Americans;  and  God 
and  the  Future  Life. 

NORMAN,  BENJAMIN  MOORE,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1809,  in  Hudson, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  bookseller  of  New  Or 
leans,  and  the  author  of  Rambles  in  Yu 
catan;  New  Orleans  and  Its  Environs; 
and  Rambles  by  Land  and  Water.  He 
died  Feb.  1,  1860,  near  Summit,  Miss. 

NORMAN,  HENRY,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1858  in  Massachusetts.  He  is 
a  journalist  of  prominence,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Peoples  and  Politics  of  the 
Far  East;  and  The  Real  Japan. 

NORRIS,  ALEXANDER  WILSON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war  and  attained  the 
rank  of  captain.  In  1881  he  was  elected 
to  the  Pennsylvania  state  senate. 

NORRIS,  BASIL,  soldier,  surgeon,  was 
born  March  9,  1828,  in  Montgomery  coun 
ty,  Md.  He  was  physician  to  the  execu 
tive  mansion  during  the  terms  of  office  of 
Andrew  Johnson  and  General  Grant,  and 
was  medical  officer  in  charge  of  all  the 
sick  of  the  regular  army  in  Washington, 
D.  C.,  during  1863-84.  He  is  the  author  of 
papers  on  Dislocation  of  the  Astragalus; 
Extirpation  of  the  Entire  Tongue;  Per 
sonal  Experience  with  Mad  Dogs;  and 
other  surgical  papers  of  value. 

NORRIS,  BENJAMIN  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1819  in  Kennebeck  county, 
Maine.  He  was  appointed  a  paymaster. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Ala 
bama  to  the  fortieth  congress  as  a  re 
publican.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1873,  in  Mont 
gomery. 

NORRIS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1808, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadel 
phia  physician,  and  the  author  of  Con 
tributions  to  Practical  Surgery;  and 
Early  History  of  Medicine  in  Philadel 
phia.  He  died  March  4,  1875,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

NORRIS,  ISAAC,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  July  21,  1671,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  in  the  assembly  for  many 
years;  speaker  of  the  house  in  1712,  and 
justice  for  Philadelphia  for  many  years. 
He  died  June  4,  1735,  in  Philadelphia. 

NORRIS,  ISAAC,  statesman,  was  born 
Oct.  2,  170],  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1851 
he  was  elected  speaker  of  the  assembly, 
and  held  that  office  for  fifteen  years.  In 
the  first  year  of  his  administration  the 
old  state  house  bell  was  ordered  from 
England,  and  he  proposed  the  inscription: 
Proclaim  liberty  throughout,  the  land  unto 
all  the  inhabitants  thereof.  He  died  June 
13,  1766,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NORRIS.  JOHN,  merchant,  state  sena 
tor,  philanthropist,  was  born  June  10, 
1748,  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  senate.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  Andover  Theologi 
cal  seminary  and  a  large  contributor  to 
benevolent  and  religious  enterprises.  He 
died  Dec.  22,  1808,  in  Salem,  Mass. 


NORRIS,  JOHN  SAMUEL,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1844,  in  England. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the  Christian 
churches  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  many  of 
the  western  states.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  Songs  of  the  Soul. 

NORRIS,  MOSES,  lawyer,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  8, 
1799,  in  Pittsfield,  N.  H.  In  1839  he  was 
elected  to  the  New  Hampshire  state  legis 
lature,  and  in  1840  was  speaker  of  the 
house;  and  in  1841  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  state  council.  In  1843  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  congress,  where  he 
continued  four  years.  In  1847  he  was 
again  a  member  of  the  legislature,  and 
speaker,  and  while  serving  in  that  capaci 
ty  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress,  serv 
ing  from  1849  to  1855.  He  died  Jan.  11, 
1855,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

NORRIS,  THADDEUS,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  15,  1811,  in  Warrentown,  Va. 
He  was  a  Philadelphia  business  man  who 
wrote  much  on  sporting  topics,  and  was 
the  author  of  American  Angler's  Book; 
and  American  Fish  Culture.  He  died 
April  10,  1877,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NORRIS,  WILLIAM  FISHER,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1839,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has  served  as  as 
sistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States  army 
with  the  rank  of  captain.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  professor  of  ophthal 
mology  in  the  universiiy  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  is  the  author  of  a  text-book  on  that 
subject. 

NORTH,  CHARLES  HAMILTON,  mer 
chant,  was  born  April  8,  1832,  in  Thomas- 
ville,  Ga.     His  youth  was  passed  in  West 
Windsor,  Vt.    He  at 
tended    the   common 
schools     and     subse 
quently    entered    the 
French    academy    of 
Waltham,  Mass.    For 
many   years   he  was 
engaged    in    mercan- 
tile  pursuits,  and  in 
1867  built  the    pack 
ing  house  in   Somer- 
ville,    Mass.     He    is 
the    founder    of    the 
North    Packing    and 
Provision  company  of  Somerville,  Mass., 
and    a   director   in   several   business   cor- 
Dorations. 

NORTH,  EDWARD,  educator,  was  born 
March  9,  1820,  in  Berlin,  Conn.  For  forty 
years  he  has  been  the  necrologist  of  Ham 
ilton,  and  since  1881  has  been  a  trustee  of 
that  college.  He  was  president  of  the  New 
York  State  Teachers'  association  in  1865. 

NORTH,  ELISHA,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  8,  1771,  in  Goshen,  Conn. 
He  was  a  physician  of  New  London,  Conn., 
and  the  author  of  Treatise  on  Spotted 
Fever;  Outlines  of  the  Science  of  Life; 
and  Unqle  Toby's  Pilgrim's  Progress  in 
Phrenology.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1843,  in 
New  London,  Conn. 

NORTH,  u^HN  W.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  district  of 
Nevada,  residing  at  Carson  City. 

NORTH,  SIMEON,  clergyman,  educator, 
\\iis  born  Sept.  7,  1802,  in  Berlin,  Conn. 
He  became  professor  of  Greek  and  Latin 
at  Hamilton  college,  held  office  for  ten 
years,  and  from  1839  until  his  resignation 
in  1857  was  president  of  the  college.  He 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  con 
gregational  church  in  1842.  He  died  Feb. 
12,  1884,  in  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

NORTH,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  1755  in  Fort 
Frederick,  Maine.  He  was  aid  to  Baron 
Steuben  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and 
afterward  appointed  adjutant-general.  He 


was  a  senator  in  congress  from  New  York, 
by  appointment,  in  1798,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
He  died  Jan.  3,  1836,  in  New  York  city. 

NORTHCUT,  HOSEA  ALLEN,  evangel 
ist,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1843,  in  Hannibal, 
Mo.  In  1864  he  was  elected  an  elder  of 
the  church  at  Millport,  Mo.,  and  has  at 
tained  success  as  a  general  evangelist  of 
the  Christian  church,  and  it  is  said  that 
over  twenty  thousand  have  been  convert 
ed  under  his  ministry  in  the  United  States 
and  Canada. 

NORTHCUTT,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer, 
lieutenant-governor,  was  born  in  Mur- 
freesboro,  Tenn.  He  taught  school  for 
a  while,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1887.  Two  years  later  he  moved  to  Illi 
nois;  in  1882  was  elected  state's  attorney 
of  Bond  county,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1884  and  in  1888.  In  1890  he  was  elected 
head  consul  of  the  Modern  Woodmen  of 
America,  to  which  position  he  has  been 
twice  unanimously  re-elected.  In  1892 
he  was  a  republican  candidate  for  con 
gress,  and  in  1896  he  was  elected  lieuten 
ant-governor  of  Illinois. 

NORTHEND,  CHARLES,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  2,  1814,  in  Newbury, 
Mass.  He  was  a  prominent  educator  of 
Connecticut,  and  the  author  of  Teacher 
and  Parent;  Teachers'  Associations;  An 
nals  of  American  Institutes  of  Instruc 
tion;  and  Life  of  Elihu  Burritt.  He  died 
in  1895. 

NORTHEND,  WILLIAM  DUMMER, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1823,  in 
Newbury,  Mass.%  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Sa 
lem,  Mass.,  and"  the  author  of  Speeches 
and  Essays  on  Political  Subjects;  and  The 
Bay  Colony. 

NORTHERN,  WILLIAM  J.,  state  sena 
tor,  governor,  was  born  July  9,  1835,  in 
Jones  county,  Ga.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Georgia  legislature  in  1877  and  1878; 
in  1880-81  he  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate,  and  in  1890  was  elected  governor 
of  Georgia. 

NORTHROP,  BIRDSEY;  GRANT,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1817  in  Con 
necticut.  He  is  a  prominent  Connecticut 
educator,  secretary  of  the  state  board  of 
education  in  1869-82;  and  the  author  of 
Education  Abroad;  Rural  Improvement; 
and  Tree-Planting. 

NORTHROP,  CYRUS,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1834,  in 
Ridgefield,  Conn.  In  1861-63  he  was  clerk, 
first  of  the  Connecticut  house  of  repre 
sentatives,  and  then  of  the  senate.  He 
was  professor  of  rhetoric  and  English  lit 
erature  in  Yale  from  1863  till  1884,  when 
he  became  president  of  the  university  of 
Minnesota. 

NORTHROP,  HARRY  PINCKNEY, 
Roman  catholic  bishop,  was  born  May  5, 
3842,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  raised 
to  the  episcopate  in  1882,  as  vicar-apostol 
ic  of  North  Carolina,  receiving  the  title 
of  Bishop  of  Rosalia. 

NORTHRUP,  ANSEL  JUDD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  June  30,  1833,  in 
Smithfield,  N.  Y.  In  1870  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  circuit  court  com 
missioner,  and  soon  afterward  became 
United  States  examiner  in  equity.  During 
1882-94  he  was  county  judge  of  Onondaga, 
N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  Camps  and 
Tramps  in  the  Adirondaeks;  and  Sconset 
Cottage  Life,  a  Summer  on  Nantucket 
Island. 

NORTHRUP,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
clergyman,  educator,  was  born  Oct.  15, 
1826,  in  Antwerp,  N.  Y.  In  1858  he  was 
called  to  the  professorship  of  church  his 
tory  in  the  Rochester  seminary,  and  in 
1867  he  became  president  of  Chicago  Bap 
tist  Theological  seminary;  Morgan  Park. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


697 


NORTHWAY,    STEPHEN    A.,    lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  19,  1833,  in 
Christian  Hollow,  N.  Y.     In  1861  he  was 
elected      prosecuting 
attorney  and  located 
in     Jefferson,     Ohio, 
where  he  resided  and 
practiced    law    until 
his  death.  In  1863  he 
was  re-elected  prose 
cuting  attorney.     In 
1865   he  was   elected 
to  the  state  house  of 
representatives     and 
served  two  years.  He 
was    elected    to    the 
fifty-third    congress; 
was   elected   to    the    fifty-fourth   and   re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican.     He  died  Sept.  8,  1898,  in  Jeffer 
son,  Ohio. 

NORTON,  ANDREWS,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1786,  in 
Hingham,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Cambridge,  professor  of  sa 
cred  literature  in  Harvard  university  in 
1819-30;  and  prominent  among  conserva 
tive  theologians  of  his  faith.  He  was  the 
author  of  Historical  Evidences  of  the 
Genuineness  of  the  Gospels;  Internal  Evi 
dences  of  the  Genuineness  of  the  Gospels; 
Tracts  Concerning  Christianity;  and  Rea 
sons  for  Not  Believing  the  Doctrines  of 
the  Trinitarians.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1852,  in 
Newport,  R.  I. 

NORTON,  AUGUSTUS  THEODORE, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  28, 
1808,  in  Cornwall,  Conn.  He  was  a  pres- 
byterian  clergyman  of  Alton,  111.,  and  the 
author  of  a  History  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Illinois.  He  died  April  29,  1884, 
in  Alton,  111. 

NORTON,  CHARLES  ELIOT,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1827,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  is  a  distinguished 
Dante  scholar  and  a  high  authority  on 
the  history  of  art,  and  since  1875  profes 
sor  of  the  history  of  art  in  Harvard  uni 
versity.  He  has  edited  the  Letters  of  J. 
R.  Lowell;  the  Writings  of  G.  W.  Curtis; 
the  Goethe  and  Carlyle  Correspondence; 
the  Letters  of  Carlyle;  and  has  translated 
Dante's  Vita  Nuova  and  Divina  Corn- 
media.  His  other  works  include,  Histori 
cal  Studies  of  Church-Building  in  the  Mid 
dle  Ages;  Notes  of  Travel  and  Study  In 
Italy;  and  Considerations  of  Some  Recent 
Social  Theories. 

NORTON,  CHARLES  LBDYARD,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  June  11,  1837,  in 
Farmingtou,  Conn.  He  is  a  journalist  of 
New  York  city;  since  1893  editor  of  Out 
ing;  and  the  author  of  Handbook  of  Flor 
ida;  Political  Americanisms;  Jack  Ben 
son's  Log;  and  A  Medal  of  Honor  Man,  a 
Jbook  for  boys. 

NORTON,  DANIEL  SHELDON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  April  12,  1829,  in  Mount 
Vernon.  Ohio.  In  1857  he  was  elected  to 
the  Minnesota  state  senate,  declining  re 
election  in  1859;  and  was  again  re-elected 
in  1860,  and  also  in  1863  and  1864,  having 
been  a  member  of  the  state  house  of  rep 
resentatives  in  1862.  In  1865  he  took  his 
seat  as  a  senator  in  congress  from  Minne 
sota  for  the  term  ending  in  1871.  He  died 
July  14,  1870,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

NORTON,  EBENEZER  F.,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  New 
York.  He  served  in  the  state  assembly 
from  Erie  county  in  1823;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1829  to  1831. 

NORTON,  ELIJAH  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1821,  in 
Logan  county,  Ky.  In  1852  he  was  chosen 
a  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Missouri; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position  in 


1857.  After  resigning  the  judgeship  in 
1860  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 

NORTON,  FRANK  HENRY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  March  20,  1836,  in  Hing 
ham,  Mass.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New 
York  city,  and  the  author  of  Lives  of 
General  Hancock,  Alexander  Stephens; 
and  Daniel  Boone,  a  romance. 

NORTON,  FREDERICK  CALVIN,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  March  24,  1873, 
in  Guilford,  Conn.  He  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in 
journalism.  He  is  the  editor  of  the  Echo 
of  Guilford,  Conn.;  and  the  author  of  The 
History  of  Christ  Church;  Lives  of  the 
Governors  of  Connecticut;  and  other 
works. 

NORTON,  GEORGE  HABLEY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  May  7,  1824,  in 
Ontario  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  who 
published  Inquiry  into  the  Nature  and 
H)xtent  of  the  Holy  Catholic  Church.  He 
died  in  1893. 

NORTON,  GEORGE  PIERCE,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  19,  j.872,  in  Dover,  N.  H. 
He  graduated  from  the  law  department  of 
the  Columbia  college  of  New  York  city; 
and  has  attained  success  as  an  able  law 
yer  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

NORTON,  HERMAN,  evangelist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  2,  1799,  in  New  Hart 
ford,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian  evan 
gelist  in  New  York  state,  and  the  author 
of  The  Christian  and  Deist  in  Contrast; 
Signs  of  Danger  and  Promise;  and  Start 
ling  Facts  lor  American  Protestants.  He 
died  Nov.  20,  1850,  in  Hartford,  N.  Y. 

NORTON,  JAMES,  educator,  jurist, 
public  official,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1833,  in 
Hiram,  Ohio.  He  was  the  son  of  a  car 
penter,  and  was  dis 
abled  by  an  accident 
in  1845.  In  1851  he 
began  school  teach 
ing  at  Hiram,  Ohio, 
the  same  term  as  did 
James  A.  Garfleld. 
After  teaching 
school  for  feeveral 
years  he  was  elected 
county  recorder  of 
Portage  county  in 
1861;  was  re-elected 
and  served  six  years 
in  all,  residing  in  the  county  seat  of  Ra 
venna.  In  1867  he  returned  to  Garretts- 
ville,  which  has  ever  since  been  his  home. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  a  bank 
in  Garrettsville,  and  was  its  cashier.  He 
subsequently  became  superintendent  of 
the  Garrettsville  schools;  was  mayor  of 
his  city  two  terms;  has  been  a  member 
of  the  board  of  education  for  seven  terms 
of  three  years  each;  was  clerk  of  the 
board  for  twenty 
years;  and  for  many 
terms  served  wuh 
distinction  as  a  jus 
tice  of  the  peace. 
His  son,  James  Ed 
gar,  was  born  March 
18,  1866,  in  Ravenna. 
Ohio.  In  1873  he 
commenced  h  i  s 

course    in    the    Gar 
rettsville         schools 

and     completed    the 

course  when  sixteen 

years  old.  The  subject  of  his  oration  at 
graduation  was  The  Heirs  of  the  Ages; 
suggested  by  Tennyson's  Poets  of  Locks 
Hall.  In  1884  he  was  examined  by  the 
county  board  of  school  examiners  and  re 
ceived  a  certificate  for  three  years.  As 
he  was  hastening  to  his  rooms  in  the 
Garfield  House  he  slipped  and  fell  against 
the  east  corner  of  the  upper  step,  and 
died  from  his  injuries  on  May  3,  1887. 


Hi    V 


NORTON,  JAMES,  farmer,  legislator, 
member  of  congress,  was  born  Oct.  8, 
1843,  in  Marion  county,  S.  C.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  com 
mon  schools,  and  graduated  from  the 
Crouchatow  academy.  In  1870-72  he  was 
school  commissioner  of  his  native  county; 
in  1886-87,  and  1890-92  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  house  of  representatives;  and  in 
1894  was  elected  comptroller  general  of 
his  state,  receiving  the  re-election  in  1896. 
In  1897  he  resigned  that  position  to  serve 
in  the  fifty-fifth  congress  of  the  United 
States.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  pf  Mul- 
lins,  S.  C. 

NORTON,  JAMES  ALBERT,  soldier, 
physician,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1843,  in  Sen 
eca  county,  Ohio.  He  served  six  years  in 
the  Ohio  house  of  representatives  from 
1873  to  1879;  and  was  speaker  pro  tern- 
pore  of  that  body  for  two  years.  He  was 
appointed  commissioner  of  railroads  and 
telegraphs;  and  resigned  to  accept  a  posi 
tion  in  railroad  service.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

NORTON,  JESSE  O.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Vermont.  In  1847  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Illinois  state  constitutional  conven 
tion;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1851  and  1852.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the  thir 
ty-third  and  thirty-fourth  congresses.  In 
1857  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  eleventh 
judicial  district  of  Illinois,  holding  the 
office  until  1862.  In  1863  he  was  again 
elected  a  representative  in  congress. 

NORTON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  6,  1606,  in  England.  He 
was  a  puritan  clergyman  who  came  to 
New  England  in  1635,  and  in  1653  suc 
ceeded  John  Cotton  as  teacher  of  the 
church  at  Boston.  Among  his  writings 
are,  The  Heart  of  New  England  Rent  at 
the  Blasphemies  of  the  Present  Genera 
tion;  and  Life  of  Mr.  John  Cotton.  He 
died  April  5,  1663,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

NORTON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  poet,  was 
born  in  1651,  in  Ipswich,  Mass.  He  was 
a  congregational  clergyman,  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Hingham  in  1678-1716,  and  is 
remembered  for  his  Elegy  on  Anne  Brad- 
street,  a  poem  of  some  force  and  merit. 
He  died  in  1716. 

NORTON,     JOHN     DUDLEY,     lumber 
merchant,    legislator,   was   born   Dec.    18, 
1843,  in  "Van  Buren,  N.  Y.     His  early  life 
was  spent  on  a  farm. 
Prior     to      entering 
college    he    attended 
the    Eldridge    acad 
emy,    and    the   Cort- 
land     academy.       In 

1867  he     graduated 
from    the    Hamilton 
college     of     Clinton, 
N.      Y.       He      then 
moved   west   and   in 

1868  became   largely 
interested  in   Michi 
gan  pine  lands,   and 

made  Pontiac  his  home.  In  1874  and  io.6 
he  was  elected  on  the  democratic  ticket 
from  Oakland  county  to  the  Michigan 
state  legislature.  In  1876  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  national  democratic  conven 
tion;  subsequently  was  a  candidate  for 
state  treasurer;  and  always  took  an 
active  part  in  political  affairs.  He  was 
a  charter  member  of  the  First  National 
bank,  now  known  as  the  First  Commer 
cial  bank  of  Pontiac.  From  1S83  he  was 
the  treasurer  of  the  Eastern  Michigan 
Insane  Asylum;  and  was  a  strong  finan 
cial  supporter  of  the  Michigan  Military 
academy  of  Orchard  Lake.  He  died  March 
21,  1895. 


€98 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


NORTON.  JOHN  NICHOLAS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1820,  in  Water 
loo,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman 
of  Louisville,  among  whose  many  works 
are,  Lives  of  Bishops  Wluie,  Seabury. 
Bowen,  Freeman,  Provost,  Stewart,  Wil 
son,  Claggett,  Henshaw;  Short  Sermons 
for  Families;  The  King's  Ferry  Boat;  and 
Lives  of  Washington,  Franklin,  Bishop 
Berkeley,  Archbishop  Cranmer.  He  died 
Jan.  18,  1881,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

NORTON,  JOHN  PITKIN,  educator, 
chemist,  was  born  July  19,  1822,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  He  was  made  first  professor 
of  agricultural  chemistry  and  of  vege 
table  and  animal  physiology  in  Yale;  and 
entered  on  the  active  duties  of  his  chair 
in  the  autumn  of  1847,  and  continued 
there  until  his  death.  He  died  Sept.  5, 
1852,  in  Farmington,  Conn. 

NORTON,  MRS.  MINERVA  [BRACE], 
author,  was  born  in  1837  in  New  York. 
She  is  an  educator  of  Beloit,  Wis.,  and 
the  author  of  In  and  Around  Berlin;  and 
Service  in  the  King's  Gardens. 

NORTON,  NELSON  I.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  30,  1829,  in  Cattaraugus  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the 
peace;  was  six  years  a  county  assessor; 
and  five  years  a  county  supervisor.  He 
was  elected  to  the  New  York  state  legis 
lature  in  1861;  and  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1872;  and  in  1875  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy: 

NORTON,  RICHARD  HENRY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1849,  in 
Troy,  Mo.  He  has  practiced  law  since 
1870  in  Troy,  Mo.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

NORTON,  S.  F.,  journalist.  He  is  one 
of  the  oldest  and  ablest  editors  in  the 
west;  and  the  founder  of  the  Chicago 
Sentinel. 

NORTON,  SIDNEY  AUGUSTUS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1835,  in 
Bloomfield,  Ohio.  He  is  a  scientist  who 
has  been  professor  of  chemistry  in  Ohio 
university  from  1873;  and  is  the  author 
of  Elements  of  Natural  Philosophy;  Ele 
ments  of  Physics;  Elements  of  Inorganic 
Chemistry;  and  Organic  Chemistry. 

NORTON,  THOMAS  HERBERT,  scien 
tist,  author,  was  born  June  30,  1851,  in 
Rushford,  N.  Y.  During  1878-Sd  he  was 
manager  of  chemical  works  in  Paris, 
France;  and  since  1883  has  filled  the  chair 
of  chemistry  in  the  university  of  Cin 
cinnati.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous 
•researches  in  chemistry. 

NORTON,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1810,   in 
East  Bloomfield,  N.  Y.     He  was  a  profes- 
.  sor  of  civil  engineer 

ing  in  Sheffield  Sci 
entific  school,  Yale 
university,  from 
1852.  He  was  the 
author  of  Elemen 
tary  Treatise  on  As 
tronomy;  and  First 
Hook  of  Natural 
Philosophy  and  As 
tronomy.  His  con 
tributions  to  current 
publications  on  sci 
entific  subjects  were 
highly  valued.  He' died  Sept.  21,  1883,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

NORTON,  WILLIAM  HARMON,  geol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  April  3,  1856,  in 
Willoughby,  Ohio.  He  is  now  special  as 
sistant  of  the  Iowa  state  geological  sur 
vey.  He  is  the  author  of  Artesian  Wells 
of  Iowa;  and  has  written  several  scien 
tific  papers  on  geology  and  paleontology. 


NORVAL,  THEOPHILUS  L.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  26, 
1847,  in  Fulton  county,  111.  In  1879  he 
was  elected  to  the  Nebraska  state  senate. 
In  1883  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
sixth  judicial  district  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
and  filled  that  office  continuously  until 
elected  in  1889  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court.  He  has  also  held  that  office  con 
tinuously  since,  serving  one  term  as  chief 
justice;  and  was  re-elected  in  1895  for  tne 
term  expiring  in  1902. 

NORVELL,  JOHN,  journalist,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  I'i90,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  the  editor  of  a  newspaper  in 
Philadelphia;  and  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  postmaster  of  Detroit,  Mich. 
Having  become  identified  with  the  terri 
tory  of  Michigan,  he  became  one  of  the 
senators  in  congress  from  the  new  state, 
serving  in  that  capacity  from  1835  to  1841. 
He  died  April  11,  ISoO,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

NORWOOD,  'HAL  L..  lawyer,  was  born 
in  1871.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1893,  and  has  attained  success  as  a  rising 
lawyer  of  Lockesburg,  Ark.,  and  has  filled 
several  positions  of  honor. 

NORWOOD,  THOMAS  MANSON,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  April  26,  1830,  in  Talbot  county, 
Ga.  He  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1852.  He 
moved  to  Savannah 
in  1852;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Geor- 
|»  gia  legislature  in 
I  1861  and  1862.  HP 
was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1868;  and 
was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate 
in  1871  for  the  term 
ending  in  1877,  serv 
ing  on  the  committees  on  pensions,  trans 
portation,  land  claims,  and  revolutionary 
claims.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Georgia  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifti 
eth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

NORWOOD,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  April  15,  1843,  in  Ireland.  He 
emigrated  with  his  parents  to  the  United 
States  in  1846;  and  received  his  education 
in  Cincinnati  and  Eaton,  Ohio.  During 
1881-65  he  served  gallantly  as  a  soldier 
in  the  union  army,  and  is  now  a  promi 
nent  lawyer  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

NOTHOMB,  HENRY  ED,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1865,  near  Rock- 
ford,  111.  He  graduated  in  1887  from  the 
Iowa  State  normal 
school  of  Cedar 
Falls,  with  the  de 
grees  of  Bachelor  of 
Science  and  Bach 
elor  of  Didactics.  He 
has  attained  success 
as  an  educator,  and 
has  been  professor 
of  rhetoric,  litera 
ture  and  oratory  in 
the  Iowa  institutes 
and  the  schools  of 
Illinois.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems  which  have  appeared  in  Poets  of 
America  and  other  standard  collections. 

NOTT,  ABRAHAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1768,  in  Saybrook, 
Conn.  In  1794  he  settled  on  the  Pacolet 
river,  S.  C.,  and  continued  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1799  to  1801,  when  he 
was  elected  a  judge  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals,  and  judge  of  the  superior  court. 
He  died  June  18,  1830,  in  Fairfield,  S.  C. 


NOTT,  CHARLES  COOPER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1827,  in 
Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  a  cap 
tain  of  cavalry  and  also  lieutenant-colonel 
and  colonel  of  New  York  volunteers  dur 
ing  the  rebellion.  In  1865  he  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the  court  of 
claims  in  Washington. 

NOTT,  EDWARD,  governor,  was  born 
in  1657.  He  was  governor  of  Virginia 
from  17C5  until  his  death.  He  died  Aug. 
23,  1706,  in  Williamsburg,  Va. 

NOTT,  ELIPHALET,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  June  25,. 
1773,  in  Ashford,  Conn.  He  was  a  pres- 

byterian     clergyman 

of  note;  and  presi 
dent  of  Union  col 
lege  in  1804-66,  be 
ing  president  for 
nearly  sixty  years. 
As  a  pulpit  orator 
he  will  retain  his 
celebrity  by  his  ser 
mon  on  the  death  of 
Alexander  Hamil 
ton.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Counsels  to. 
Young  Men;  and 
Lectures  on  Temperance.  He  died  Jan. 
29,  1866,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

NOTT,  JOSIAH  CLARK,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  24,  1604,  in  Co 
lumbia,  S.  C.  He  was  a  physician  of  Mo 
bile,  who  wrote  The  Physical  History  of 
the  Jewish  Race,  and  was  co-author  with. 
Gliddon  of  the  once  famous  Types  of 
Mankind;  and  of  Indigenous  Races  of  the 
Earth.  He  died  March  31,  1873,  in  Mobile 
Ala. 

NOTT,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  educator, 
was  born  Jan.  23,  1754,  in  Saybrook,  Conn. 
In  1781  he  became  pastor  of  the  congrega 
tional  church  in  Franklin,  Conn.,  where 
he  continued  until  his  death,  a  period  of 
seventy-one  years.  He  died  May  26,  1852, 
in  Franklin,  Conn. 

NOTT,  SAMUEL,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  11,  1788,  in  Franklin, 
Conn.  He  was  pastor  successively  of 
churches  in  Galway,  N.  Y.,  and  Wareham, 
Mass.,  and  established  at  the  latter  place 
in  1849  a  private  academy,  which  he  con 
ducted  successfully  for  seventeen  years. 
His  publications  include  Sixteen  Years' 
Preaching  and  Procedure  at  Wareham; 
and  Slavery  and  the  Remedy.  He  died 
June  1,  1869,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

NOURSE,  AMOS,  physician,  educator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  17, 
1794,  in  Bolton,  Mass.  He  was  a  medical 
lecturer  at  Bowdoiu  college  from  1846 
to  1854;  and  medical  professor  since  1854. 
He  was  also  postmaster  of  Hallowell, 
Maine;  and  collector  of  customs  at  Bath. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Maine 
from  January  to  March  in  1857.  He  died 
April  17,  1877,  in  Bath,  Maine. 

NOURSE,  JAMES  DUNCAN,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1817,  in  Bards- 
town,  Ky.  He  was  a  journalist  of  St. 
Louis,  ana  the  author  of  The  Forest 
Knight,  a  novel;  Leavenworth,  a  story  of 
the  Mississippi;  and  God  in  History.  He 
died  June  1,  1854,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

NOURSE,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  public  of 
ficial,  was  born  July  16,  1754,  in  England. 
He  entered  the  revolutionary  army  in 
1776,  as  secretary  to  General  Charles  Lee; 
was  clerk  and  auditor  of  the  board  of  war 
from  1777  until  appointed  assistant  audi 
tor-general  in  1781;  and  was  register  of 
the  United  States  treasury  from  1789  to- 
1829.  He  was  a  vice-president  of  the 
American  Bible  society.  He  died  Sept.  1, 
1841,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


69» 


NOURSE,  JOSEPH  EVERETT,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  April  17,  1819,  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  a  professor  in 
the  naval  academy  in  1850-81;  and  the 
author  of  Astronomical  and  Meteorolog 
ical  Observations;  and  American  Explor 
ations  in  the  Ice  Zones. 

NOVELL,  WINSLOW  A.,  journalist, 
manufacturer,  public  official,  was  born 
Jan.  31,  1840,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He 
was  an  alderman  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  in 
1872;  commissioner  of  public  works  in 
1873-76;  and  postmaster  of  Milwaukee 
during  1889-93.  For  many  years  he  has 
been  chief  clerk  of  tue  assembly  of  the 
Wisconsin  state  legislature. 

NOVY,  FREDERICK  GEORGE,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1864,  in 
Chicago,  111.  He  fills  the  chair  of  hygiene 
and  physiological  chemistry  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan.  He  is  the  author  of 
works  on  bacteriology,  physiological 
chemistry,  and  has  contributed  valuable 
papers  to  American  and  foreign  journals. 

NOWLIN,  SAMUEL  HENRY,  soldier, 
journalist,  public  official,  was  born  April 
11,  1844,  in  Stewartsville,  Va.  At  the  age 
of  seventeen  he  entered  the  confederate 
army,  and  served  through  the  entire  war. 
For  three  terms  he  was  a  mayor  of  Salem, 
Va.,  in  which  city  he  conducted  a  drug 
business  for  ten  years.  In  1877  he  moved 
to  Arkansas;  was  commissioner  in  charge 
of  state  exhibits  made  by  Arkansas  at  the 
Louisville  exposition  of  1883;  was  general 
manager  of  the  State  exposition  at  Lit 
tle  Rock  in  1887;  and  during  1884-88  he 
was  state  statistician  for  the  United 
States  department  of  agriculture.  He  was 
the  founder  of  tne  American  Horticultural 
society  in  1879-80;  and  during  1894-98  was 
president  of  the  Arkansas  State  Horticul 
tural  society.  In  18/8-82  he  edited  Spirit 
of  Arkansas;  edited  the  Rural  Southwest 
in  1882-85;  edited  the  Arkansas  Farmer 
in  1889-94;  and  since  1894  has  been  en 
gaged  in  encyclopedic  work. 

NOYES,  ARTHUR  AMES,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1865  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  professor  of  chemistry  in  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology, 
who  has  published  a  treatise  on  Qualita 
tive  Chemical  Analysis. 

NOYES,  CHARLES  HENRY,  lawyer, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1849  in  Michi 
gan.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  poet  of  Warren, 
Pa.,  who  has  published  Studies  in  Verse. 

NOYES,  CROSBY  STUART,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Feb.  lo,  1825,  in  Minot, 
Maine.  In  1867  he  uecame  editor-in-chief 
of  the  Washington  Star,  wnich  position 
he  still  fills. 

NOYES,  EDWARD  FOLLENSBEE,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born 
Oct.  3,  1832,  in  Haverhill,  Mass.  In  1861 
he  entered  the  union  army  as  major  of  the 
thirty-ninth  regiment  Onio  volunteer  in 
fantry;  and  was  subsequently  brevetted 
a  brigadier-general.  In  1867  he  was  elect 
ed  probate  judge  of  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  for  a  term  of  three  years.  In  1871 
he  was  elected  governor  of  Ohio.  In  1877 
he  was  appointed  envoy  extraordinary 
and  minister  plenipotentiary  of  the 
United  States  to  r  ranee.  He  died  Sept. 
4,  1890,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

NOYES,  GEORGE  RAPALL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  6,  1798,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman,  eminent  as  a  biblical  scholar, 
and  professor  of  Hebrew  in  Harvard  uni 
versity  since  1840.  He  published  trans 
lations  with  notes  of  the  Psalms,  Job,  Ec- 
clesiastes,  Canticles,  the  Prophets,  and 
Proverbs;  and  a  translation  of  the  New 
Testament.  He  died  June  3,  1868,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 


NOYES,  HENRY  DRURY,  ophthalmol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  in  1832  in  New 
York.  He  is  an  ophthalmologist  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Treatise  on 
Diseases  of  the  Eye;  and  Text  Book  on 
Diseases  of  the  Eye. 

NOYES,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1608,  in  England.  He  was  a 
puritan  clergyman  of  Newbury,  Mass., 
pastor  of  the  church  there  in  1635-56,  and 
the  author  of  The  Temple  Measured;  and 
Moses  and  Aaron,  or  the  Rights  of  Church 
and  State.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1656,  in  New 
bury,  Mass. 

NOYES,  JAMES  OSCAR,  physician, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  June  14,  1829, 
in  Niles,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  physician  and 
journalist  of  New  Orleans,  and  the  author 
of  Roumania;  ana  The  Gypsies:  their 
History,  Origin,  and  Manner  of  Life.  He 
died  Sept.  11,  1872,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

NOYES,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1763.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Vermont  from  1815  to 
1817.  He  died  in  1841. 

NOYES,  JOHN  HUMPHREY,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1811,  in  Brattleborough, 
Vt.  He  was  a  noted  religionist  who 
founded  the  Oneida  community,  and  other 
associations  of  socialists.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Second  Coming  of  Christ; 
Salvation  from  Sin  the  End  of  Christian 
Faith;  History  of  American  Social 
isms;  and  House  Talks.  He  died  April 
13,  1886,  in  Niagara  Falls,  Canada. 

NOYES,  JOSEPH  C.,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1798, 
in  Portland,  Maine.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature  in  1833;  and  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Maine  from 
1837  to  1839.  He  was  collector  of  the 
Passamaquoddy  district  from  1841  to  1843; 
and  was  subsequently  treasurer  of  a  Port 
land  savings  bank.  He  died  July  21,  1868, 
in  Portland,  Maine. 

NOYES,  STEPHEN  BUTTERICK,  lib 
rarian,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1833,  in  Brook- 
field,  Mass.  In  1857  he  was  in  charge  of 
the  Athenaeum  library,  out  of  which  grew 
the  Mercantile  library,  and  subsequently 
the  Brooklyn  library.  He  was  congres 
sional  librarian  in  Washington  in  1866-68, 
but  in  the  next  year  returned  to  his  post 
at  the  Brooklyn  library,  where  he  labored 
for  ten  years  in  the  preparation  of  its 
catalogue.  He  died  March  8,  1885,  in 
Deland,  Fla. 

NOYES,  WILLIAM  ALBERT,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1857,  in  Inde 
pendence,  Iowa.  He  has  filled  the  chair 
of  chemistry  in  the  university  of  Ten 
nessee,  and  since  1896  in  the  Rose  Poly 
technic  institute  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Quali 
tative  Analysis,  and  another  entitled  Or 
ganic  Chemistry  for  the  Laboratory. 

NUCKOLLS,  STEPHEN  F.,  merchant, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  16,  1825,  in  Grayson  county,  Va.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  Nebraska 
City;  and  was  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture  in  1859.  In  i860  he  went  to  Colo 
rado  territory,  and  engaged  in  mining. 
From  1864  to  1867  he  resided  in  New  York 
city.  He  settled  in  Cheyenne,  Wyoming 
territory,  in  1867;  and  upon  the  organiza 
tion  of  Wyoming  territory  in  1869  he  was 
elected  a  delegate  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress. 

NUCKOLLS,  WILLIAM  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  South  Carolina. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1827  to  1833. 

NUGEN,  ROBERT  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1809,  in  Wasnington  county, 
Pa.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress. 


NUNN,  DAVID  A.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  26,  1832,  in  Hay- 
wood  county,  Tenn.  In  1863  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Tennessee  state  senate;  in  1865 
to  the  state  house  of  representatives;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Tennes 
see  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-third  con 
gresses. 

NUNNALLY,  GUSTAVUS  ALONZO, 
college  president,  was  born  March  24, 
1841,  in  Walton  county,  oa.  From  1890- 
93  he  was  president  of  Mercer  university. 

NUTE,  AlJONZO,  soldier,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  12,  1826,  in  Milton,  N.  H.  In  1861 
he  entered  the  union  army  iu  the  sixth 
New  Hampshire  volunteers  and  served 
until  incapacitated  for  duty  on  the  staffs 
of  Generals  Griffin  and  Rush  Hawkins. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  tiie  New 
Hampshire  house  of  representatives  in 
1866;  and  of  the  state  senate  for  1867-68. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress 
as  a  republican. 

NUTT,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1836,  in  Topsham, 
Vt.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  with, 
distinction  and  was  rapidly  promoted  un 
til  he  was  brevetted  colonel  of  volun 
teers.  During  1871-72  he  served  two 
terms  in  the  general  court  of  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  trial  justice  of  Natick, 
Mass.,  for  six  years;  and  is  now  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  of  that  city.  He  has  filled 
all  the  important  offices  in  his  city  and 
county  in  the  gift  of  the  people. 

NUTTALL,  THOMAS,  ornithologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1786  in  England.  He 
was  a  noted  ornithologist  and  botanist  of 
English  birth,  whose  life  was  mainly 
spent  in  the  United  States,  but  who  re 
turned  to  Englanu  in  1842.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Genera  of  North  American 
Plants;  Travels  in  Arkansas  in  1819;  The 
North  American  Sylva;  Manual  of  the 
Ornithology  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  He  died  in  1859. 

NUTTING,  NEWTON  W.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1840, 
in  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  school 
commissioner  for  four  years;  was  district 
attorney  of  Oswego  county  from  1869  to 
1872;  and  was  county  judge  from  Janu 
ary,  1878,  to  March,  1883.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

NYE,  EDGAR  WILSON,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1850,  in  Shirley, 
Maine.  He  was  the  author  of  Bill  Nye 
and  the  Boomerang;  Forty  Liars,  and 
Other  Lies;  Baled  Hay;  Bill  Nye's  Blos 
som  Rock;  Remarks;  Bill  Nye's  Thinks; 
The  Cadi,  a  comedy;  Comic  History  of 
the  United  States;  A  Guest  at  the  Ludlow, 
and  Other  Stories;  and  Comic  History  of 
England.  He  died  in  1896. 

NYE,  JAMES  WARREN,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  June  10, 
1814,  in  De  Ruyter,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  governor  of  Nevada  territory, 
in  which  position  he  continued  until  the 
adoption  of  the  state  constitution,  when 
he  was  chosen  a  senator  in  congress  from 
the  new  state  for  the  term  commencing  in 
1865  and  ending  in  1867.  in  1867  he  was 
re-elected  to  the  senate  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1873.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1876,  in 
White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

NYE,  MORTIMER,  lawyer,  lieutenant- 
governor,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1838,  in 
Wadsworth,  Ohio.  He  has  gained  promi 
nence  as  an  astute  lawyer  in  La  Porte, 
Ind.,  of  which  city  he  was  mayor  for 
four  terms.  In  1884  he  was  presidential 
elector;  and  four  years  ending  January^ 
1897,  he  served  with  distinction  as  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Indiana. 


700 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


NYGREN,  JOHN  L.,  mechanic,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1863,  in  Sweden.  He  is  a 
successful  mechanic  of  Tacoma,  Wash.; 
and  the  inventor  of  various  improvements 
in  mechanics. 

NYSTROM,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  civil  en 
gineer,  author.  He  was  an  engineer  in 
the  United  States  navy,  and  the  author 
of  Treatise  on  Parabolic  Construction  of 
Ships;  Technological  Education;  The 
Force  of  Falling  Bodies;  Treatise  on  the 
Elements  of  Mechanics;  Newf  Treatise  on 
Steam  Engineering;  Pocket  Book  of  Me 
chanics  and  Engineering;  Principles  of 
Dynamics;  and  Treatise  on  Screw  Pro 
pellers.  He  died  in  1885. 

OADAMS,  T.  S.,  clergyman,  poet.  He 
fills  a  pastorate  in  the  congregational 
church  of  Maquoketa,  Iowa;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems,  some  of 
which  have  been  set  to  music. 

OAKES,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born 
April  4,  1826,  near  Limestoneville,  Pa. 
He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general 
United  States  army  in  1865,  and  commis 
sioned  colonel  in  1866;  and  in  1879  was 
retired  from  active  service. 

OAKES,  THOMAS  FLETCHER,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  July  16,  1843,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  1893  he  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad. 

OAKES,  URIAN,  clergyman,  college 
president,  poet,  was  born  in  1631  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man,  pastor  of  the  church  in  Cambridge, 
and  president  of  Harvard  college  in  1675- 
81.  He  is  chiefly  remembered  for  his 
Elegy  upon  the  Death  of  Tnomas  Shep- 
ard,  a  notable  poem  in  six-lined  stanzas; 
but  his  sermons,  in  point  of  style,  are  the 
best  which  were  written  in  America  dur 
ing  the  colonial  period.  He  died  July  25, 
1681,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

OAKEY,  ALEXANDER  F.,  architect, 
author,  was  born  in  1850  in  New  York. 
He  is  an  architect  of  Buffalo,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Building  a  Home;  Home  Grounds; 
and  The  Art  of  Life  and  the  Life  of  Art. 

OAKEY,  EMILY  SULLIVAN,  educator, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1829,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  She  was  an  educator  of 
Albany,  and  the  author  of  Dialogues  and 
Conversations;  and  At  the  Foot  of  Par 
nassus,  a  collection  of  poems.  She  died 
May  11,  1883,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

OAKLEY,  Hh-NRY  AUGUSTUS,  finan 
cier,  author,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1827,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1851  he  became  secre 
tary  of  the  Howard  fire  insurance  com 
pany,  of  which  he  was  subsequently 
chosen  vice-president,  and  finally  presi 
dent,  of  New  York  city.  He  has  been  a 
frequent  contributor  to  the  literary  press, 
and  is  the  author  of  A  Christmas  Reverie, 
and  Other  Sketches;  Outline  of  a  Course 
of  English  Reading;  Historical  Sketch  of 
the  Howard  Insurance  Company;  and  Ad 
dresses  as  President  of  the  National 
Board  of  Fire  Underwriters. 

OAKLEY,  THOMAS  JACKSON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1783,  in 
Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.  In  1813  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York,  where  he  continued  until  1815. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  assem 
bly;  was  appointed  attorney-general  of 
the  state  of  New  York  in  1819;  and  in 
1820  again  served  in  the  assemoly.  In 
1827  he  was  again  elected  to  congress.  In 
1828,  when  the  superior  court  of  New 
York  city  was  organized,  he  was'  appoint 
ed  one  of  its  judges;  and  on  the  reorgan 
ization  of  the  court  under  the  constitution 
of  1846,  was  elected  the  chief  justice,  and 
continued  in  that  position  until  his  death. 
He  died  May  11,  1857,  in  New  York  city. 


OAKMAN,  WALTER  GEORGE,  railroad 
president,  was  born  May  10,  1845,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  president  of  the 
Richmond  and  Danville  Railroad  com 
pany;  and  of  the  East  Tennessee,  Vir 
ginia  and  Georgia  Railroad  company. 

GATES,  ALICE,  actress,  singer,  was 
born  Sept.  22,  1849,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 
She  has  attained  a  national  reputation 
as  a  noted  actress  and  vocalist.  She  died 
Jan.  10,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DATES,  JAMES  WYATT,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  January,  1850,  in  Alabama.  He 
received  his  education  in  the  Emory  and 
Henry  college,  Va.;  and  is  now  a  leading 
attorney  of  California  at  Santa  Rosa. 
During  1876-77  he  was  major  in  the  Ala 
bama  state  troops.  In  1879  he  moved  to 
California;  and  during  1885-90  was  special 
United  States  attorney  for  California  in 
charge  of  timber  depredation  suits  in 
volving  nearly  three  million  dollars.  In 
1890  he  was  the  democratic  nominee  for 
superior  judge  of  Sonoma  county. 

GATES,  WILLIAM  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1835,  in  Bullock  county, 
Ala.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Ala 
bama  state  legislature  from  1870  to  1872; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  state  consti 
tutional  convention  of  1875.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Alabama  to 
the  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat.  In 
1894  he  was  elected  governor  of  Alabama; 
and  declined  a  second  term.  He  now 
practices  law  in  Montgomery,  Ala. 

OBENCHAIN,  WILLIAM  ALEXAN 
DER,  college  president,  was  born  April 
27,  1841.  in  Buchanan,  Va.  In  1883  he 
was  chosen  president  of  Ogden  college  of 
Bowling  Green,  Ky. 

OBER,  FREDERICK  ALBION,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  13,  1849,  in  Beverly,  Mass. 
He  is  a  writer  of  Beverly,  Mass.,  well 
known  as  a  traveler,  and  the  author  of 
Camps  in  the  Caribbees;  Young  Folks' 
History  of  Mexico;  The  Silver  City; 
Travels  in  Mexico;  Mexican  Resources 
and  Guide  to  Mexico;  IViontezuma's  Gold 
Mines;  The  Knockabout  Club  in  the  An 
tilles;  The  Knockabout  Club  in  the  Ever 
glades;  In  the  Wake  of  Columbus;  and 
Josephine,  Empress  of  the  French. 

OBERHOLTZER,  ELLIS  PAXON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1868  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  journalist, 
and  the  author  of  The  Referendum  in 
America,  a  Discussion  of  Law-Making  by 
Popular  \ote. 

OBERHOLTZER,    SARA    LOUISA,    re 
former,  poet,  was  born  May  20,   1841,   in 
Chester   county,   Pa.     She   is   the  author 
of    several    volumes 
of  poetical  works  en- 
1    titled     Violet     Lee; 
Come    for    Arbutus, 
Hope's  Heart   Bells; 
Daisies      of     Verse; 
Souvenir     of     Occa 
sions;       and      other 

^^^^^^  works;  and  has  also 

contributed  exten 
sively  to  magazines 
and  newspapers.  She 
has  been  president 
of  the  Longport 

Agassiz  Microscopical  society;  president 
of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  society;  president  of 
the  World's  and  Nauonal  Woman's  Chris 
tian  Temperance  union;  and  superintend 
ent  of  School  Savings  bank  of  Pennsyl 
vania. 

O'BLENESS,  HAMILTON  CREE,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  June  30,  1846,  in 
Washington  county,  Ohio.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  works  on  philos 
ophy  and  metaphysics. 


O'BRIEN,  FITZ  JAMES,  journalist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1828  in  Ireland. 
He  was  a  brilliant  but  erratic  journalist 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of 
Poems  and  Stories;  The  Diamond  Lens, 
and  Other  Stories.  He  died  April  6,  1862, 
in  Cumberland,  Md. 

O'BRIEN,  FRANK  P.,  journalist,  was 
born  Feb.  29,  1844,  in  Ireland.  In  1887  he 
was  president  and  general  manager  of  the 
Birmingham  Herald.  He  is  director  of 
the  Southern  Press  association;  and  is 
owner  of  one  of  the  finest  theaters  in  the 
south,  which  bears  his  name. 

O'BRIEN,  JAMKS,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  13,  1841,  in 
Ireland.  He  settled  in  New  York  city; 
was  elected  an  alderman  in  1864;  and  re- 
elected  in  1866;  and  was  elected  sheriff  in 
1867.  He  was  elected  state  senator  in 
1871;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-sixth  con 
gress. 

O'BRIEN,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  mer 
chant,  poet,  was  born  July  13,  1846,  in 
Quebec,  Canada.  For  many  years  he  was 
a  commercial  traveler,  and  has  a  varied 
and  adventurous  career.  He  has  con 
tributed  both  prose  and  verse  to  the  peri 
odical  press,  and  several  of  his  poems 
have  been  incorporated  into  Poets  of 
America  and  other  standard  works. 

O'BRIEN,  JEREMIAH,  farmer,  mer 
chant,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1768,  in  Machias,  Maine.  He 
served  six  years  in  the  Maine  legislature; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine  from  1823  to  1831.  He  died  May 
30,  1858,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

O'BRIEN,  JOHN,  educator,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1841  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  Roman  catholic  clergyman  and  ed 
ucator,  and  professor  of  ecclesiastical  his 
tory  and  sacred  theology  in  Mount  St. 
Mary's  college,  Emmittsburg,  Md.,  in 
1877.  He  published,  in  1879,  A  History  of 
the  Mass  and  its  Ceremonies  in  the  East 
ern  and  Western  Churches,  which  has 
since  passed  through  fourteen  editions. 
He  died  in  1879. 

O'BRIEN,  MARTIN  H.,  lawyer,  was 
born  May  18,  1850,  iii  Clinton  county, 
N.  Y.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the 
common  schools; 
attended  the  Notre 
Dame  academy  of 
Indiana;  and  was 
admitted  to  practice 
law  in  New  York  in 
1874.  He  has  since 
attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Plattsburg,  N.  Y.; 
and  has  an  extensive 
practice  in  the  state 
and  federal  courts. 
He  takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state,  and 
is  a  prominent  member  of  various  fra 
ternal  orders. 

O'BRIEN,  THOMAS  DILLON,  lawyer, 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1859,  in  La  Point,  Wis. 
Since  1880  he  has  been  actively  engaged 
in  the  profession  of  law  in  St.  Paul, 
Minn.;  has  been  assistant  city  attorney 
of  St.  Paul,  and  county  attorney  01  Ram 
sey  county.  He  has  been  state  president 
of  the  Catholic  Total  Abstinence  societies 
of  Minnesota;  captain  of  the  first  battery 
artillery,  Minnesota  national  guards;  and 
a  trustee  of  the  state  board  of  hospitals 
for  insane. 

O'BRIEN,  WILLIAM  .1.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  28.  1836,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.  He  was  elected  from  Mary 
land  to  the  forty-tnird  and  forty-fourth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


701 


O'BRIEN,  WILLIAM  SHONEY,  capital 
ist,  was  born  in  1825  in  Ireland.  He  was 
one  of  the  four  principal  stockholders  of 
the  mine  on  the  Comstock  ledge  in  Ne 
vada,  called  the  Big  Bonanza,  which  was 
discovered  iu  1874.  He  left  a  fortune  of 
from  $15,000,000  to  $20,000,000.  He  died 
May  2,  1878,  in  San  Rafael,  Cal. 

O'CALLAGHAN,  EDMUND  BAILEY, 
physician,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  29,  1797,  in  Ireland.  He  was  an  his 
torical  writer  of  Albany,  and  subsequent 
ly  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of 
History  of  New  Netherlands;  and  Jesuit 
Relations;  Documentary  History  of  New 
York.  He  edited  many  volumes  of  state 
and  colonial  records.  He  died  May  27, 
1880,  in  New  York  city. 

OCHILTREE,  THOMAS  P.,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1837  in  Texas. 
He  was  appointed  United  States  marshal 
in  his  native  state;  and  was  for  a  time 
state  commissioner  of  emigration,  to  visit 
Europe.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Texas  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress. 

OCHILTREE,  WILLIAM  B.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1811  in  North  Caro 
lina.  In  1846  he  was  appointed  the  first 
district  judge  of  Texas;  in  1855-56  he  was 
a  representative  in  the  legislature;  and  in 
1861  was  a  member  of  the  first  confeder 
ate  congress.  He  died  in  December,  1867, 
in  Marshall,  Texas. 

OCHS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1861,  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio.  In  1896  he  became  publisher 
and  manager  of  the  Chattanooga  Daily 
Times.  For  three  years  he  was  president 
of  the  police  commissioners.  In  1893  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  his  city  and  received 
the  re-election  two  years  later. 

OCHTMAN,  LEONARD,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  21,  1854,  in  Holland.  He  has 
attained  a  national  reputation  as  a  suc 
cessful  artist;  and  has  erected  a  studio  in 
Connecticut,  where  he  spends  his  sum 
mers. 

O'CONNELL,  DANIEL  J.,  poet.  He  is 
a  writer  of  Owatonna,  Minn.;  and  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

O'CONNELL,  JEREMIAH  JOSEPH, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  21, 
1821,  in  Ireland.  He  is  a  Roman  catholic 
priest  of  the  Benedictine  order  in  North 
Carolina;  and  the  author  of  Catholicity 
in  the  Carolinas  and  Georgia;  and  Confer 
ences  on  the  Blessed  'iTinity. 

O'CONNOR,  JAMES,  educator,  college 
president,  bishop,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1823, 
in  Ireland.  He  was  made  president  of  St. 
Michael's  seminary  of  Glenwood  in  1857. 
He  was  transferred  to  the  seminary  at 
Overbrook  in  1863,  where,  wnile  acting  as 
director,  he  filled  the  chairs  of  philos 
ophy,  moral  theology,  and  ecclesiastical 
history.  He  was  nominated  vicar-apos 
tolic  of  Nebraska,  and  consecrated  bishop 
of  Dibona  in  partibus  infidelium  in  1876. 
He  died  May  27,  1890,  in  Omaha,  Neb. 

O'CONNOR,  JOSEPH,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  in  1841  in  New  York.  He  is 
a  journalist  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  whose 
collected  Poems  appeared  in  1895. 

O'CONNOR,  M.  f.,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  29, 
1831,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  legislature  of  South  Caro 
lina  from  1858  to  1865;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  South  Carolina  to  the 
forty-sixth  congress  as  a  democrat.  He 
died  April  26,  1881. 

O'CONNOR,  THOMAS  WILLIAM,  edu 
cator,  state  senator,  was  born  July  4,  1868, 
in  White  county,  ind.  He.  is  a  success 
ful  educator;  has  hlled  numerous  public 
offices  of  trust;  and  is  now  serving  a  term 
of  four  years  as  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
state  senate. 


O'CONNOR,  WILLIAM  DOUGLAS,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  2,  183o,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  clerk  in  the  civil  service 
at  Washington,  and  the  author  of  Har 
rington,  a  novel;  The  Good  Gray  Poet,  a 
defence  of  Walt  Whitman;  The  Ghost; 
Three  Tales;  and  Hamlet's  Note  Book. 
He  died  May  9,  1889,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

O'CONOR,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  was 
born  Jan.  22,  1804,  in  New  York  city.  In 
1848  he  was  a  candidate  for  lieutenant- 
governor  of  New  York;  and  after  the  civil 
war  was  senior  counsel  for  Jefferson 
Davis,  when  the  latter  was  indicted  for 
treason.  He  was  undoubtedly  the  great 
est  lawyer  of  his  time.  He  died  May  12, 
1884,  in  Nantucket,  R.  I. 

O'CONOR,  JOHN  FRANCIS  XAVIER, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  1,  1852,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  a 
Roman  catholic  clergyman  of  the  Society 
of  Jesus;  a  professor  in  Boston  college; 
and  the  author  of  Something  Real;  Lyric 
and  Dramatic  Poetry;  and  Reading  and 
the  Mind. 

O'CONOR,  THOMAS,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  1,  li'iO,  in  Ireland.  He 
established  in  1812  the  Shamrock,  and  the 
Globe,  founded  in  181^  in  New  York  city. 
He  also  published  several  pamphlets  on 
Irish  or  Roman  catnolic  questions,  and 
volumes  entitled  Selections  from  Several 
Literary  Works.  He  died  Feb.  9,  1855,  in 
New  York  city. 

ODELL,  JACOB,  soldier,  was  born  July 
25,  1756,  in  Greenburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
brigadier-general  in  the  continental  army 
during  the  war  of  the  revolution,  and 
afterward  a  member  of  the  New  York 
state  assembly,  representing  Westchester 
county  in  1812-13;  and  a  member  of  the 
presidential  electoral  college  in  1820  and 
1828.  He  died  in  1846,  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

ODELL,  BENJAMIN  B.,  business  man, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1854,  in 
Newburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  from 
New  York  to  the  fifty-fourth,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

O'DELL,  JOSEPH  C.,  farmer,  clergy 
man,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Nov. 
10,  1850,  in  Reynolds  county,  Mo.  He  is  a 
successful  farmer  and  a  noted  clergyman 
of  Ruble,  Mo.  He  has  served  two  terms 
as  county  judge;  and  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Missouri  state  legislature. 

ODELL,  MOSES  FOWLER,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1818,  in  Tarry- 
town,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-sev 
enth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress.  In  1865  he  was 
appointed  naval  agent  for  the  port  of 
New  York.  He  died  June  13,  1866,  in  New 
York  city. 

ODELi.,  N.  HOLMES,  banker,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
10,  1828,  near  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly  dur 
ing  two  successive  sessions,  closing  in 
1861.  He  was  founder  of  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  at  Tarrytown,  and  was  its 
first  cashier,  which  office  he  resigned  in 
1864.  He  was  elected  county  treasurer 
in  1866,  and  re-elected  in  1869  and  1872. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

ODENHEIMER,  WILLIAM  HENRY, 
bishop,  author,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1817, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  the  third 
protestant  episcopal  bishop  of  New  Jer 
sey  in  1859-74,  becoming  bishop  of  North 
ern  New  Jersey  in  the  latter  year.  He 
was  the  author  of  Origin  of  the  Prayer 
Book;  Essay  on  Canon  Law;  The  Sacred 
Scriptures  the  Imperial  Record  of  the 
Holy  Trinity;  Jerusalem  and  Its  Vicin 


ity;  The  Devout  Churchman's  Compan 
ion;  The  True  Catholic  no  Romanist; 
Thoughts  on  Immersion;  Bishop  White's 
Opinions;  and  Sermons,  with  Memoirs. 
He  died  Aug.  14,  1879,  in  Burlington,  N.  J. 
ODIN,  JOHN  MARY,  archbishop,  was 
born  Feb.  25,  1801,  in  France.  In  1822  he 
was  sent  on  a  mission  to  Missouri;  taught 
in  Missouri  and  Texas;  and  was  an  ener 
getic  promoter  of  emigration.  He  became 
an  archbishop  in  Texas  of  the  Roman 
catholic  church.  He  died  May  25,  1870,  in 
France. 

ODIORNE,  THOMAS,  manufacturer, 
author,  was  born  April  26,  1769,  in  Exeter, 
N.  H.  He  was  an  iron  manufacturer  of 
Maiden,  Mass.,  and  the  author  of  The 
Progress  of  Refinement,  a  Poem;  and 
Fame  and  Miscellanies.  He  died  May  18, 
1851,  iu  Maiden,  Mass. 

O'DONNELL,  DANIEL  KANE,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1838,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  journal 
ist  who  published  The  Song  of  Iron  and 
the  Song  of  Slaves,  with  Other  Poems. 
He  died  Sept.  8,  1871,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
O'DONNELL,  JAMES,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  March  25, 
1840,  in  Norwalk,  Conn.  In  18bi  he  en 
listed  in  the  first  Michigan  infantry,  and 
served  out  his  time,  participating  in  the 
first  battle  of  Bull  Run.  He  was  recorder 
of  the  city  of  jackson,  Mich.,  in  1863-66. 
He  established  the  Jackson  Daily  Citizen 
in  1865;  and  continued  its  owner  and  ed 
itor.  He  was  presidential  elector  in  1872, 
and  was  designated  by  the  state  electoral 
college  as  messenger  to  convey  the  vote 
of  Michigan  to  Washington.  He  was 
elected  mayor  of  Jackson  in  1876.  and  in 
1884  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  forty-ninth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first  and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

O'DONNELL,  JESSIE  FREMONT,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  New  York.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Lowville,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author 
of  Heart  Lyrics;  and  Horseback  Sketches. 
O'FERRALL,  CHARLES  TRIPLETT, 
lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1840,  near  Brucetown, 
Va.  He  received  his 
education  in  the 
common  schools, 
and  Washington  col 
lege,  now  known  as 
the  Washington  and 
Lee  university.  In 
1861  he  enlisted  in 
the  cavalry  service 
of  the  confederate 
state  as  a  private; 
liass(''l  through  all 
the  grades  from  ser 
geant  to  colonel,  and 
at  the  surrender  of  Lee  was  in  command 
of  all  the  confederate  cavalry  in  the  Shen- 
andoah  valley,  and  was  eight  times 
wounded.  He  located  at  Harrisonburgh, 
where  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  was  a  member  of  the  gen 
eral  assembly  of  Virginia  in  1871-73; 
judge  of  the  county  court  of  Rockingham 
county  in  1874-80;  and  democratic  state 
canvasser  in  1880-83.  In  1882  he  was  the 
democratic  nominee  for  congress  in  the 
seventh  district;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

OFFICIER,  MORRIS,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  21,  1823.  in  Holmes 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  a  lutheran  mis 
sionary,  and  the  author  of  Plea  for  a 
Lutheran  Mission  in  Africa;  Western 
Africa  a  Mission  Field;  and  African  Bible 
Pictures.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1874,  in  To- 
peka,  Kan. 


702 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


OGDEN,  AARON,  soldier,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  3, 
1756,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  1801  to  1803; 
and  was  governor  of  New  Jersey  in  1812. 
At  the  time  of  his  ueath  he  was  president- 
general  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati.  He 
died  April  19,  1830,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
OGDEN.  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  about  1707,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  He 
went  to  England  in  1783  as  agent  for  the 
New  Jersey  loyalists  in  prosecuting  their 
claims  for  compensation,  and  secured  an 
allowance  for  his  own  estates,  which  were 
valued  at  $100,000.  He  died  in  June,  1800, 
in  Whitestone,  N.  J. 

OGDEN,  DAVID  A.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.  He  was  a  member  of  the  as 
sembly  in  1814  and  1815;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1817  to  1819.  He  died  June  9,  1829, 
in  Montreal,  Canada. 

OGDEN,  ELIAS  BAILEY  DAYTON, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  May  22,  1799,  in 
Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  In  1848  he  became 
associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
New  Jersey.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1865,  in 
Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 

OGDEN.  HENRY  W.,  soldier,  agricul 
turist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  21, 
1842,  in  Abingdon,  Va.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  In 
1879,  and  of  the  sta'ie  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1880;  and  re-elected  in  1884,  and 
was  speaker  of  the  house  from  1884  to 
1888.  He  was  elected  as  a  democrat  from 
Louisiana  to  the  fifty-third  congress,  to 
fill  a  vacancy;  ana  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

OGDEN,  JOHN  COSENS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  about  1740,  in  New  Jer 
sey.  He  was  a  successful  clergyman  of 
New  England;  and  the  author  of  A  His 
tory  of  the  Moravians;  and  several  relig 
ious  works.  He  died  in  1800  in  Chester- 
town,  Md. 

OGDEN,  MATTHIAS,  soldier,  was  born 
Oct.  22,  1754,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  received  the  brevet 
of  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  Sept. 
20,  1783.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legis 
lative  council  in  1785,  and  in  1789  a 
presidential  elector.  He  died  March  31, 
1791,  in  Elizabethtown.  N.  J. 

OGDEN,  OCTAVIUS  NASH,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1852,  in  New  Or 
leans,  La.  His  father  was  Abner  Nash 
Ogden,  one  of  the 
justices  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Loui 
siana,  and  a  grand 
son  of  Abner  Nash, 
the  first  governor  of 
North  Carolina.  He 
received  his  early  ed 
ucation  in  New  Or 
leans,  and  finished 
his  studies  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia. 
He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1873,  and 
has  attained  success  in  his  profession  at 
New  Orleans.  He  is  the  author  of  Hali- 
mah.an  Indian  Legend;  Dominic  You;  and 
other  works,  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  current  literature. 

OGDEN,  ROBERT,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  16,  1716,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
colonial  congress,  which  met  in  New  York 
in  1765.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1787,  in  Sparta, 
N.  J. 

OGDEN,  ROBERT  NASH,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  5,  1839,  in 
Baton  Rouge,  La.  He  served  with  dis 
tinction  in  the  confederate  army.  For  a 


while   he   was   speaker   of    the   house    of 
representatives,  and  subsequently  became 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  court  of  appeals 
of 'New  Orleans.     He  is  the  author  of  a 
novel  entitled  Who  Did  It? 

OGDEN,  WESLEY,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Dec.  16,  1818,  in  Brockport,  N.  Y. 
He  settled  in  San  Antonio,  Texas.  Dur 
ing  1865-67  he  held  the  office  of  district 
attorney,  and  then  was  district  judge  until 
1870,  when  he  became  a  judge  of  the  state 
supreme  court. 

OGIER,  ISAAC  S.  K.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  an  early 
emigrant  to  California,  and  resided  at 
Los  Angeles.  In  1858  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  United  States  court  for  the 
southern  district  of  California. 

OGILBY,  JOHN  DAVID,  clergyman  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1810,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  ordained  both  deacon 
and  priest  by  Bishop  Onderdonk,  of  New 
York,  in  1838.  Three  years  later  he  was 
elected  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history 
in  the  General  Theological  seminary.  His 
chief  publications  were:  An  Outline  of 
the  Argument  Against  the  Validity  of 
Lay  Baptism;  and  The  Catholic  Church 
in  England  and  America.  He  died  Feb. 
2,  1851,  in  Paris,  France. 

OGILVIE,  CLINTON,  artist,  was  born 
Dec.  28,  1838,  in  New  York  city.  In  1864 
he  was  elected  an  associate  member  of 
the  National  Academy  of  design,  and  he 
has  since  exhibited  there  The  Valley  of 
Schwytz,  Switzerland;  Lake  Como,  near 
Bellagio;  Among  the  Adirondacks;  The 
Sunny  Summer-Time;  Summer  Afternoon 
in  the  Adirondacks;  and  The  Mountain 
Brook. 

OGLE,  ALEXANDER,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1765  in  Mary 
land.  In  1806  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature,  and  frequently  re-elected.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1817  to  1819,  and  sub 
sequently  served  several  years  in  the  two 
houses  of  the  state  legislature.  He  was 
a  general  of  militia,  and  for  nine  years 
was  prothonotary  of  his  county.  He  died 
Oct.  14,  1852,  in  Pennsylvania. 

OGLE,  ANDREW  J.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1822,  in  Somerset,  Pa.  He  was 
prothonotary  of  his  county  when  twenty- 
one  years  of  age.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1849  to  1851.  He  was  appointed  charge 
d'affaires  to  Denmark  in  1852.  He  died 
about  1853. 

OGLE,  BENJAMIN,  state  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1746,  in  Anna 
polis,  Md.  He  was  a  member  of  the  coun 
cil  of  Maryland  before  the  revolution,  and 
was  governor  from  1798  to  1801.  He  died 
July  6,  1809,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 

OGLE,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1798  in  Somerset,  Pa. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1837  to  1841.  He  died 
May  10,  1841. 

OGLE,  SAMUEL,  governor,  was  born  in 
England.  He  was  governor  of  Maryland 
during  1737-42,  and  again  in  1747. 

OGLESBY,  RICHARD  JAMES,  soldier, 
lawyer,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  July  25,  1824,  in  Oldham  county, 
Ky.  He  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  state 
senate  in  1860,  and  resigned  to  enter  the 
volunteer  service  in  1861.  At  the  com 
mencement  of  the  rebellion  he  was  chosen 
colonel;  afterward  appointed  brigadier- 
general;  and  in. 1863  a  major-general.  He 
resigned  in  1864,  and  was  elected  govern 
or  of  Illinois.  He  was  again  elected  gov 
ernor  in  1872,  and  a  few  months  there 
after  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1879.  In 
1884  he  was  again  elected  governor  of  Illi 
nois  for  a  term  of  four  years. 


O'GORMAN,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  April  8,  1847,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  and  attended  the  Washington  uni 
versity  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  served  two 
years  as  sheriff  of  Ramsey  county,  Minn., 
and  for  six  years  was  judge  of  probate.  He 
is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the  west 
at  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

0  riARA,  JAMES  E.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1844,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  North  Carolina  to  the  forty-eighth 
and  forty-ninth  congresses. 

O'HARA,  THEODORE,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1820,  in  Danville,  Ky. 
He  was  an  officer  in  the  United  States 
army  during  the  Mexican  war,  and  subse 
quently  in  the  confederate  army.  He  is 
remembered  for  his  poem,  The  Bivouac  of 
the  Dead,  stanzas  from  which  have  been 
inscribed  on  tablets  in  several  of  the  na 
tional  cemeteries.  He  died  June  6,  1867, 
near  Guerrytown,  Ala. 

O'HARA,  WARREN  JOSEPH,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1867,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Philadel 
phia,  Mount  Pleasant 
high  school,  the  In 
ternational  Commer 
cial  college  of  Sagi- 
naw,  Mich.,  and  sub 
sequently  graduated 
in  medicine  from  the 
Rush  Medical  college 
of  Chicago.  He  is 
physician  to  the  Mer 
cy  hospital  of  Big 
Rapids,  Mich.,  and  is 
a  member  of  the 
leading  medical  bodies.  His  contributions 
to  medical  journals  are  considered  of 
great  value. 

O'HARA,  WILLIAM.  Roman  catholic 
bishop,  was  born  about  1816  in  Ireland. 
In  1868  the  diocese  of  Scranton  was 
formed  out  of  that  of  Philadelphia,  and 
he  was  appointed  its  first  bishop. 

O'HARNETT,  MORRISON  J.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was 
born  June  27,  1828,  in  Carlyle,  111.  He 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  war, 
and  during  the  civil  war  was  captain  of 
company  D,  fifteenth  Illinois  cavalry.  He 
has  been  judge  of  his  county,  and  has 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state 
legislature. 

OHI.IGER,  LEWIS  P..  business  man, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1843,  in 
Bavaria.  He  was  appointed  a  trustee  of 
the  Wooster  and  Lodi  railway,  of  which 
he  is  now  president.  He  was  elected  from 
Ohio  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

O'KEEFE,  JOHN  FRANCIS,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1860,  in  Wilson, 
N.  Y.  He  attended  the  Wilson  academy 
and  the  Mount  Union  college,  Ohio,  and 
for  several  years  taught  school.  He  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  the  supreme  court 
of  Michigan  and  the  federal  courts  of  the 
United  States.  He  makes  a  specialty  of 
corporation  law,  and  is  the  general  coun 
sel  for  the  Saginaw  and  Bay  City  Rapid 
Transit  Railway  company. 

OLCOTT,  SIMEON,  lawyer,  jurist,  Unit 
ed  States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1735,  In 
Connecticut.  In  1784  he  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
of  New  Hampshire;  in  1790  a  judge  of  the 
superior  court;  chief  judge  of  the  same 
court  in  1795;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1801  to 
1805.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1815,  in  Charles- 
town,  S.  C. 


HBRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


703 


OLDEN,  CHARLES  SMITH,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  state  senator,  governor,  was 
born  Feb.  19,  1799,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 
Between  the  years  1844  and  1850  he  was 
twice  elected  to  the  state  senate,  and  in 
1859  was  elected  governor  of  New  Jersey. 
He  died  April  7,  1876,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

OLDhAM,  HERBERT,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  March  1,  1853,  in  Ireland. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  composi 
tions  for  the  voice,  pianoforte  and  the 
organ. 

OLDHAM,  WILLIAMSON  S.,  lawyer, 
orator,  author,  was  born  June  19,  1813,  in 
Franklin  county,  Tenn.  This  brilliant 
orator  and  author  was  a  member  of  the 
Texas-Arkansas  house  of  representatives 
in  1841,  and  was  elected  speaker  of  that 
body.  During  1844-48  he  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Arkansas.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  secession  convention  of 
Texas,  and  a  senator  from  that  state  in 
the  confederate  states  senate  during  1861- 
65.  He  is  the  author  of  a  Digest  of  the 
Laws  of  Texas,  published  in  1858. 

OLDS,  EDSON  B.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Vermont.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ohio 
from  1849  to  1855.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  assembly  of  Ohio,  having  pre 
viously  served  six  years  in  the  state  legis 
lature,  and  been  speaker  of  the  senate.  He 
died  Jan.  24,  1869,  in  Lancaster,  Ohio. 

OLDS,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  April  15,  1832,  in  Circleville,  Ohio. 
In  1868  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  judi 
cial  district  of  Ohio,  resigning  in  1873. 

OLIN,  ABRAHAM  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1808  in  Shafts- 
bury,  Vt.  He  was  for  three  years  recorder 
of  the  city  of  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  to  the  thirty-fifth  con 
gress  from  New  York.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-sixth  and  thirty-seventh  con 
gresses;  and  in  1863  was  appointed  a  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  District  of 
Columbia.  He  died  July  7,  1879,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

OLIN,  GIDEON,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  about 
1750  in  Rhode  Island.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Vermont  state  legislature  and 
speaker  of  the  house;  a  judge  of  the  coun 
ty  court,  and  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1803  to  1807.  He  died  Aug.  6,  1822, 
in  Shaftsbury,  Vt. 

OLIN,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1767 
in  Rhode  Island.  He  was  elected  to  the 
general  assembly  of  Rhode  Island  in  1799, 
and,  excepting  four  years,  continued  to 
serve  in  that  capacity  until  1825.  He  was 
an  associate  judge  of  the  Addison  county 
court  from  1801  to  1806;  and  was  chief 
judge  of  said  court  in  1807,  and  from 
1810  to  1824.  He  was  chosen  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  1824. 
and  was  also,  at  one  time,  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  the  state.  He  died  iu  1837  in 
Salisbury,  Vt. 

OLIN,  MRS.  JULIA  MATILDA 
(LYNCH),  author,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1814, 
in  New  York  city.  She  was  the  author  of 
Words  of  the  Wise;  Four  Days  in  July; 
Curious  and  Useful  Questions  on  the 
Bible;  and  The  Perfect  Light.  She  died 
May  1,  1879,  in  New  York  city. 

OLIN,  STEPHEN,  educator,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born 
March  2,  1797,  in  Leicester,  Vt.  He  was 
a  meinodist  clergyman  and  educator; 
president  of  Wesleyan  university  in  1842, 
and  the  author  of  Travels  in  Egypt,  Ara 
bia  Petraea,  and  the  Holy  Land;  Greece 
and  the  Golden  Horn;  College  Life,  Its 
Theory  and  Practice;  and  Youthful  Piety. 
He  died  Aug.  16,  1851,  in  Middletown, 
1  Conn. 


OLIPHANT,  E.  P.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed 
from  that  state  an  associate  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  for  the  territory 
of  Washington,  residing  at  Whatcomb. 

OLIPHANT,  LAWRENCE,  author,  was 
born  in  1829  in  Ceylon.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  number  of  works,  and,  with  his  wife, 
wrote  the  peculiar  and  almost  incompre 
hensible  book,  entitled  Sympneumata.  He 
died  Dec.  23,  1888,  in  England. 

OLIVER,  ADDISON,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1833 
in  Washington  county,  Pa.  He  settled  in 
western  Iowa  in  1857;  was  elected  to  the 
Iowa  house  of  representatives  in  18fi;'.;  and 
to  the  Iowa  senate  in  1865.  He  was  elect 
ed  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  circuit  in 
18G8,  and  twice  re-elected  to  the  same 
office,  which  he  continued  to  hold  until 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth  congresses. 

OLIVER,  ALICE  MAY,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  in  Lakeland,  Minn.  She  is 
known  as  the  Prairie  Poet,  and  resides  In 
Luverne,  Minn.  She  is  a  successful  school 
teacher  and  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  Fragments  of  Thought. 

OLIVER,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1731,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  He  represented  Salem  in  the  gen 
eral  court  in  1766;  and  before  the  revo 
lution  was  judge  of  the  Essex  coutuy  court 
of  common  pleas.  He  published  an  Essay 
on  Comets,  in  which  he  maintained  that 
they  were  habitable  worlds.  He  died  in 
December,  1799,  in  Salem,  Mas?. 

OLIVER,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Springfield,  N. 
Y.  He  was  appointed  to  succeed  his 
father  as  first  judge  of  the  court  of  com 
mon  pleas  of  New  York  in  1843,  which 
position  he  held  until  the  adoption  of  the 
new  state  constitution.  In  1846  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  Surrogate  and  county 
courts.  In  1852  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  thirty-third  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-fourth  con 
gress. 

OLIVER,  BENJAMIN  LYNDE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1788,  in  Marblehead, 
Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Boston,  and 
the  author  of  Hints  on  the  Pursuit  of  Hap 
piness;  Rights  of  an  American  Citizen; 
Law  Summary;  Practical  Conveyancing; 
Forms  of  Practice;  and  Forms  of  Chan 
cery.  He  died  in  1843. 

OLIVER,  DAVID  DYKINS,  surveyor, 
lumberman,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1814,  in 
Green  county,  N.  Y.  He  taught  school 
and  continued  his  studies  at  the  same 
time.  He  subsequently  taught  in  Pontiac, 
Mich.,  and  became  a  land  surveyor.  In 
1844  he  began  a  mercantile  career,  and 
five  years  later  purchased  the  first  saw 
mill  erected  in  Alpena  county.  For  ten 
years  he  was  on  the  board  of  supervisors, 
and  in  1857  was  elected  county  surveyor, 
which  position  he  filled  for  twelve  years. 
He  was  also  judge  of  probate.  He  is  the 
author  of  Water,  Its  Formation  and  Ef 
fect  Geologically  Considered;  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature. 

OLIVER,  FITCH  EDWARD,  physician, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1819, 
in  Cambridge,  Mass.  In  1860  he  assumed 
the  editorship  of  the  Boston  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  one  of  the  translators  of  Chomel's 
Treatise  on  General  Pathology,  and  pub 
lished  the  Lynde  Diaries. 

OLIVER,  MRS.  GRACE  ATKINSON 
(LITTLE)  (ELLIS),  litterateur,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1844,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  She  is  a  litterateur  of  Salem,  Mass., 
and  the  author  of  Lives  of  Mrs.  Barbauld, 
Maria  Edgeworth,  Theodore  Parker,  Dean 


Stanley.  She  has  edited  Tales  of  Maria 
Edgeworth;  Essays  of  Mrs.  Barbauld;  and 
Tales  and  Poems  of  Ann  and  Jane  Taylor. 

OLIVER,  JAMES,  inventor,  was  born 
Aug.  28,  1823,  in  Scotland.  He  moved  to 
South  Bend  in  1855  and  began  to  manu 
facture  plows.  He  met  with  some  losses, 
much  hard  work,  and  many  discourage 
ments,  but.  finally  invented  the  chilled 
plow,  which  has  since  made  his  fortune. 
The  little  old  shop  of  1855  has  now  been 
succeeded  by  a  plant  owned  by  the  Oliver 
Chilled  Plow  Works,  covering  fifty-eight 
acres,  twenty-five  of  them  under  roof, 
and  the  Oliver  chilled  plows  are  sold  in 
every  part  of  the  world. 

OLIVER,  JAMES  EDWARD,  educator, 
author,  mathematician,  was  born  July  27, 

1829,  in  Portland,  Maine.    In  1871  he  be 
came  assistant  professor   of  mathematics 
at  Cornell,   and  two   years   later  he  was 
given  full  possession  of  the  chair.    He  has 
published  A  Treatise  on  Trigonometry. 

OLIVER,  MRS.  MARTHA  (CAPPS),  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1845  in  Illinois. 
She  is  a  writer  of  Jacksonville,  111.  Her 
writings  in  poetry  for  juvenile  readers 
comprise,  The  Story  of  Columbus;  In 
Slavery  Days;  and  The  Far  West. 

OLIVER,  MORDECAI,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1819,  in  An 
derson  county,  Ky.  He  was  elected  circuit 
attorney  for  the  fifth  judicial  circuit  of 
Missouri  in  1848.  In  1852  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  thirty-third  congress,  and 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress. 

OLIVER,  PAUL  AMBROSE,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  inventor,  was  born  July  18, 

1830,  on  shipboard  in  the  English  channel. 
In  1870  he  established   a  powder  factory 
near  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.,  where  he  has  since 
been  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  ex 
plosives,  using  for  that  purpose  machinery 
of  his  own  invention.     He  has  invented  a 
bayonet-fastening     and     a     screw-headed 
key. 

OLIVER,  PETER,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  26,  1713,  in  Boston.  Mass.  He 
was  made  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Massachusetts  in  1756,  and  in  1771  be 
came  chief  justice.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  mandamus  councillors.  He  died  Oct. 
13,  1791,  in  England. 

OLIVER.  PETER,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1822  in  Hanover,  N.  H.  He  was 
a  lawyer  of  Boston  whose  Puritan  Com 
monwealth,  an  historical  review  of  the 
Puritan  government  of  Massachusetts,  pre 
sents  a  not  altogether  favorable  picture  of 
the  period  under  discussion.  He  died  in 
1855  at  sea. 

OLIVER,  ROBERT,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1738  in  Boston,  Mass.  For  some  time 
he  acted  as  adjutant-general  of  the  north 
ern  army,  and  excelled  as  a  disciplinarian. 
In  1782  he  received  the  brevet  of  colonel. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Mariet 
ta,  Ohio,  in  1788,  was  chosen  a  representa 
tive  in  the  territorial  legislature  in  179S, 
became  a  member  of  the  council  in  17'99. 
He  died  in  May,  1810,  in  Marietta,  Ohio. 

OLIVER,  WILLIAM  M.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Springfield,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  a  long  time 
first  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas; 
was  a  state  senator  and  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  in  1830.  and  a  representative  fiom 
New  York  in  the  twenty-seventh  congress. 

OLLENDORP,  CHRISTIAN  GEORGE 
ANDREAS,  missionary,  author,  was  born 
March  8,  1721,  in  Saxony.  H.?  was  a 
Moravian  missionary;  and  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  History  of  the  Missions  of 
the  Brethren  on  the  Caribbean  Islands, 
St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix  and  St.  John.  He 
died  March  9,  1787. 


704 


HERRINGSHAVv'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


OLMSTED,  ALEXANDER  FISHKR, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1822, 
in  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C.  He  was  a  professor 
of  chemistry  in  the  university  of  North 
Carolina  who  published  Elements  of  Che 
mistry.  He  died  May  5,  1853,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

OLMSTED,  DENISON,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  18,  1791,  in  East 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  a  scientist  who 
was  professor  of  natural  philosophy  at 
Yale  college  in  1825,  and  the  author  of 
Letters  on  Astronomy;  Compendium  of 
Natural  Philosophy;  Students'  Common 
place  Book;  and  Introduction  to  Natural 
Philosophy.  He  died  May  13,  1859,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

OLMSTED,  EDWIN  B.,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  inventor,  was  born  Aug.  20,  182U, 
in  Sidney,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Franklin  institute,  New  York. 
He  has  been  superintendent  of  schools  of 
Akron,  Ohio,  and  several  other  places, 
north  and  south;  has  been  pastor  of  Ar 
cade,  N.  Y.,  and  other  baptist  churches. 
He  was  the  first  inventor  of  paper  bag 
machines,  and  also  invented  machines  for 
.  making  envelopes  for  wrapping  and  pack 
ing  tobacco,  starch  and  like  articlas;  ar.d 
for  making  various  other  kinds  of  boxes. 
He  designed  and  superintended  the  con 
struction  of  the  dead  letter  office  at  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  He  was  city  editor  of  the 
Daily  National  Intelligencer  of  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.,  until  its  suspension,  when  he 
became  editor-in-chief  of  the  Saturday 
Evening  Visitor.  During  the  war  he  be 
came  captain  of  company  H,  fourth  regi 
ment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry,  and  was 
mustered  out  by  reason  of  wounds  re 
ceived  in  the  service. 

OLMSTED,  ELIZABETH  MARTHA, 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1825,  in 
Caledonia,  N.  Y.  For  several  years  she 
taught  school  in  Canandai&ua,  N.  Y.,  and 
at  the  Ingham  university.  She  has  con 
tributed  extensively  both  prose  and  verse 
to  the  New  York  Independent,  and  the 
leading  newspapers  and  magazines  in 
America.  During  the  civil  war  she  wrote 
many  spirited  lyrics,  among  which  are 
the  well-known  Our  Boys  Going  to  the 
War;  The  Clarion;  and  the  Upas. 

OLMSTED,  ELMER  BENTON,  lawyer, 
financier,  politician,  was  born  Dec.  22, 
1860,  in  Jersey  Shore,  Pa.  He  attended 
the  Dickinson  col 
lege,  of  Pennsylvan 
ia,  from  which  insti 
tution  he  graduated 
in  1884.  He  then  be 
gan  the  study  of 
law  at  Williamsport, 
Pa.,  and  soon  after 
ward  became  man 
aging  clerK  in  one  of 
the  largest  law  of 
fices  in  New  York 
city.  In  1889  he 
moved  to  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law.  He  has  made  a 
specialty  of  real  estate,  banking  and  com 
mercial  law  and  probate  practice.  He  is 
considered  authority  on  mortgage  fore 
closures  and  titles,  and  has  an  extensive 
clientage  reaching  into  many  of  the  states. 
He  also  represents  several  banks  in  mak 
ing  loans,  examining  titles,  and  foreclos 
ing  mortgages.  He  is  a  director  in  the 
St.  Paul  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  in 
1892  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  re 
publican  convention. 

OLMSTED,  FRANCIS  ALLYN,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  July  14,  1819,  in 
Chapel  Hill,  N.  C.  He  was  a  physician 
who  published  Incidents  of  a  Whaling 
Voyage.  He  died  July  19,  1844,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 


OLMSTED,  FREDERICK  LAW,  land 
scape  architect,  author,  was  born  April  26, 
1822,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  received  a 
liberal  education  and 
studied  under  pri 
vate  tutors.  He  has 
auained  prominence 
as  a  landscape  archi 
tect;  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of 
park  commissioners 
of  New  York  city; 
and  commissioner  of 
Yosemite  Valley.  In 
1850  he  made  a  ped 
estrian  tour  through 
Great  Britain  and 

parts  of  continental  Europe  for  the  pur 
pose  of  observing  closely  the  agricultural 
and  ornamental  grounds  of  the  various 
countries.  He  is  the  author  of  Walks  and 
Talks  of  An  American  Farmer  in  Eng 
land;  A  Journey  Through  Texas;  A  Jour 
ney  in  the  Back  Country;  and  other  works. 
He  has  filled  numerous  public  positions  of 
trust;  in  1861  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  commission  of  inquiry  and  advice 
in  regard  to  the  sanitary  condition  of 
the  United  States  forces.  He  was  active 
in  the  founding  of  the  Metropolitan  Mu 
seum  of  Art,  and  of  the  American  Mu 
seum  of  Natural  History.  In  1872  he  was 
appointed  president  of  the  department  of 
public  parks  in  New  York.  Since  1886 
he  has  been  largely  occupied  in  laying  out 
an  extensive  system  of  parks  and  park 
ways  for  the  city  of  Boston. 

OLMSTEAD,  JOHN  WESLEY,  journal 
ist,  clergyman,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1836,  in 
Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.  In  1846  he  be 
came  editor  of  the  Christian  Reflector  in 
Boston.  On  the  union  of  this  paper  with 
The  Watchman,  in  1848,  he  took  editorial 
control  of  the  consolidated  journals,  and 
continued  in  that  post  until  1877.  In  1878 
he  established  The  Watchtower,  a  baptist 
journal  in  New  York,  but  subsequently 
returned  to  The  Watchman,  of  which  he 
is  now  editor-in-chief. 

OLMSTED,  MARLIN  EDGAR,  lawyer, 
legislator,  railroad  president,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Potter  county,  Pa.  He 
received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public 
schools,  and  subse 
quently  attended 
Couderport  academy. 
He  is  one  of  the  lead 
ing  lawyers  of  Har- 
risburg,  Pa.;  has 
been  counsel  of  his 
city;  president  and 
general  counsel  for 
the  Beach  Railroad 
company;  also  presi 
dent  of  the  Buffalo  and  Susquehanna  Rail 
road  company.  He  has  been  counsel  for 
the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  company;  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western 
Railroad  company;  Delaware  and  Hudson 
Canal  company;  Lehigh  Coal  and  Navi 
gation  company;  the  Western  Unfon  Tel 
egraph  company,  and  many  other  corpora 
tions.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress,  and  served  with  distinction  in 
that  body. 

OLNEY,  CHARLES  FAYETTE,  educat 
or,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1831,  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  established  a  high  school  in 
Stafford,  Conn.;  for  thirty  years  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work  in  New  York 
city,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
New  York  Teachers'  association. 

OLNEY,    CYRUS,    lawyer,   jurist,    was 
born  in  New  York.    He  was  an  early  emi 
grant  to  the  territory  of  Oregon,  and  in 
1853  was   appointed   an   associate  justice 
of  the  United  States  court  for  that  district. 


OLNEY,  EDWARD,  educator,  author, 
was  born  July  24,  1827,  in  Moreau,  N.  Y. 
This  eminent  educator  was  the  author  of 
fourteen  complete  books  of  mathematics, 
from  primary  arithmetics  to  general  geom 
etry  and  calculus.  He  died  Jan.  16,  1887; 
in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

OLNEY,  JESSE,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  12,  1798,  in  Tolland  county, 
Conn.  He  was  a  noted  educator  of  Con 
necticut;  and  the  author  of  The  Na 
tional  Preceptor;  Geography  and  Atlaa; 
and  History  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
July  31,  1872,  in  Stratford,  Conn. 

OLNEY,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  secretary  of  state,  was  born  Jan. 
15,  1835,  in  Oxford,  Mass.  He  served  as 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  house  of 
representatives  in  the  year  1874;  and 
was  appointed  attorney-general  by  Presi 
dent  Cleveland,  and  entered  upon  his 
duties  in  1893.  He  was  appointed  secre 
tary  of  state  June  8,  1895,  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
and  took  the  oath  of  office  June  10,  1895. 

OLSON,  JULIUS  E.,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  9,  1858,  in  Cambridge,  Wis. 
He  has  been  connected  with  his  alma 
mater  as  instructor  and  professor  of  Scan 
dinavian,  and  since  1884  has  filled  the 
chair  of  languages  and  literature.  He  Is 
the  author  of  Norwegian  Grammar  and 
Reader;  and  other  works. 

OLSON,  MARTIN  CONRAD,  orator, 
was  born  Aug.  13,  1871,  in  Chicago,  111. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  grammar 
schools  of  Chicago,  and  graduated  from 
the  Soper  school  of  oratory.  He  has  been 
secretary  of  the  Luther  League  of  Illi 
nois,  and  is  now  general  secretary  of  the 
Luther  League  of  America;  and  also  di 
rector  of  the  Rock  River  Chautauqua  as 
sembly  at  Dixon,  111. 

OLSSEN,  WILLIAM  WHITTINGHAM, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
May  11,  1827,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  an 
episcopal  clergyman  and  educator,  and 
professor  of  mathematics  in  St.  Stephen's 
college,  Annandale,  New  York,  from  1871. 
He  is  the  author  of  Personality,  Hu 
man  and  Divine;  and  Revelation,  Univer 
sal  and  Special. 

OLSSON,  OLOF,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  March  31, 
1841,  in  Sweden.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergy 
man,  president  of  Augustana  college. 
Rock  Island,  111.,  since  1891,  and  the  au 
thor  of  At  the  Cross;  Greetings  from 
Afar,  a  volume  of  travel;  and  The  Chris 
tian  Hope. 

ONDERDONK,  BENJAMIN  TREAD- 
WELL,  clergyman,  theologian,  bishop, 
was  born  July  15,  1791,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1809  he 
graduated  from  Col 
umbia  college;  in 
1813  became  assist 
ant  pastor  of  Trin 
ity  parish  in  New 
York  city;  and  be 
came  a  favorite 
preacher.  In  1820  he 
was  elected  professor 
of  ecclesiastical  his 
tory  in  the  General 
Theological  semi- 
nary  of  New  York; 

and  in  1830  was  consecrated  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  New 
lork.  He  died  April  30,  1861,  in  New 
York  city. 

ONDERDONK,  HENRY,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  11,  1804,  in  North 
Hempstead,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  educator  of 
Long  Island,  principal  of  Union  Hall  acad 
emy  in  1832-65,  and  the  author  of  Queens 
County  in  Old  Times;  Annals  of  Hemp- 
stead,  1643-1832;  and  Long  Island  and 
New  York  in  Olden  Times.  He  died  June 
22,  1886,  in  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


705 


ONDERDONK,  HENRY  USTICK,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  March  16,  1789,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  the  second  prot- 
estant  episcopal  bishop  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  tne  author  of  ^.piscopacy  Tested  by 
Scripture,  republished  as  Episcopacy  Ex 
amined  and  Re-Examined;  Essay  on  Re 
generation;  Sermons  and  Charges;  and 
Family  Devotions.  He  died  Dec.  6,  1858 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

O'NEAL,  EDWARD  ASBURY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born  in  Mad 
ison  county,  Ala.  He  entered  the  confe'd- 
erate  army  as  a  captain,  in  1861,  and  rap 
idly  rose  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen 
eral.  In  1882  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Alabama;  and  was  re-elected  in  1884. 

O'NEAL,  WILLIAM  WALKER,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1873,  in  Maryville, 
Mo.  He  attended  the  State  university  of 
Missouri;  became  a  reporter  on  the  St. 
Joseph  Daily  News  and  the  Kansas  City 
Times;  was  editor  of  the  Iowa  Inter-State 
Herald;  and  is  now  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Graphic  of  Firth,  Neb. 

O'NEALL,  JOHN  HELTON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  author,  was  born  April  10,  1793,  in 
Bush  River,  S.  C.  He  was  a  South  Caro 
lina  jurist,  and  the  author  of  Digest  of  the 
Negro  Law;  Annals  of  Newberry  District; 
and  Bench  and  Bar  of  South  Carolina.  He 
died  Sept.  27,  1863,  in  Newberry,  S.  C. 

O'NEALL,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  30, 
1838,  near  Newberry,  S.  C.  He  represent 
ed  Daviess  county  in  the  Indiana  state 
legislature  in  1866;  was  appointed  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  the  eleventh  judicial 
circuit  in  1873,  and  was  elected  to  the 
same  office  in  1874,  but  resigned  before 
his  term  was  out.  He  has  been  repeatedly 
honored  by  election  to  the  board  of  trus 
tees  of  the  public  schools,  and  was  elected 
to  the  fiftieth,  and  fifty-first  congresses  as 
a  democrat. 

O'NEIL,  JOSEPH  H.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  March  23,  1853,  in 
Fall  River,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1878-84;  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  directors  for  public  institutions 
for  five  years,  the  last  eighteen  months 
being  chairman  of  the  board;  and  was 
city  clerk  of  Boston  in  1887  and  1888.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first,  fifty-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

O'NEILL,  CHArtLES,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  uorn  March  21, 
1821,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1850-52  he 
was  in  the  state  legislature,  and  in  1853 
in  the  state  senate.  He  was  again  elected 
to  the  legislature  in  1859,  and  in  1862  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He 
was  elected  to  the  thirty-ninth,  fortieth, 
forty-first,  forty-third,  forty-fourth,  for 
ty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first  and 
fifty-second  congresses  as  a  republican. 

O'NEILL,  EDWARD,  banker,  state  leg 
islator.  He  served  four  terms  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Wisconsin  state  legislature; 
and  introduced  the  bill  which  brought 
about  the  establishment  of  the  State  Re 
form  school  at  Waukesha.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Merchants'  Exchange  bank  of 
Milwaukee;  and  served  that  city  four 
times  as  mayor. 

O'NEILL,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  17,  1821,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  In  1844  he  moved  to  Ohio,  and  there 
practiced  law  in  the  supreme  court.  In 
1855  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney 
for  Muskingum  county.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  representative  frorojOhio  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress. 
45 


O'NEILL,  JOHN  J.,  manufacturer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  June  25, 
1846,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was  in  the  gov 
ernment  civil  service  during  the  civil 
war,  and  was  afterward  engaged  in  manu 
facturing  pursuits.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature; 
and  was  re-elected  in  1874  and  1876.  He 
was  elected  to  the  municipal  assembly  of 
St.  Louis  in  1879,  and  re-elected  in  1881. 
In  1884  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress,  and  was  re-electe^  to  the  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-second  and  fifty-third 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

OPDALE,  NELLIE  MANN,  educator, 
missionary,  lecturer,  was  born  May  17, 
1860,  in  New  Lisbon,  Wis.  She  received' 
her  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Racine,  and  subsequently  taught  school  in 
that  city.  She  has  held  various  positions 
in  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
union;  was  state  lecturer  of  the  Wisconsin 
Woman's  Suffrage  association;  addressed 
the  state  legislature  during  two  different 
sessions,  and  is  now  an  ordained  minister 
of  the  universalist  church. 

GPDi^E,  GEORGE,  banker,  public  offi 
cial,  author,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1805,  in 
Kingwood,  N.  J.  He  was  a  banker  of  New 
York  city,  and  mayor  of  that  city  in  1862- 
63.  He  was  the  author  of  Treatise  on 
Political  Economy;  Report  on  the  Cur 
rency;  and  Official  Documents  and  Ad 
dresses.  He  died  June  12,  1880,  in  New 
York  city. 

OPPER,  FREDERICK  BURR,  artist, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1857,  in  Madison,  Ohio. 
In  1877  he  became  an  artist  on  the  staff 
of  Franit  Leslie's  periodicals,  and  for 
three  years  filled  the  position  of  humor 
ous  and  special  artist;  and  since  1880 
he  has  been  engaged  on  the  staff  of  Puck, 
New  York's  great  humorous  journal. 

ORANGE,  WILL  J.,  journalist,  poet, 
mine  owner,  politician,  was  born  March 
30,  1858,  near  Albion,  111.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  and  graduated  from  Bayliss  col 
lege.  In  1886  he  purchased  The  Rustler 
of  Silver  Cliff,  Col.;  and  soon  became 
prominent  in  political  and  mining  cir 
cles.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
mining  congress,  and  suggested  the  name 
of  the  Silver  Republican  Party.  He  has 
filled  numerous  public  positions  of  honor, 
and  in  1896  was  elected  regent  of  the  uni 
versity  of  Colorado  for  a  term  of  six  years. 
He  has  written  extensively  for  the  period 
ical  press,  and  has  attained  prominence 
in  the  west  as  a  humorous  poet. 

ORCUTT,  CHARLES  RUSSELL,  bot 
anist,  and  introducer  of  new  seeds  and 
plants,  especially  cacti.  He  is  the  editor 
and  owner  of  the  West  American  Scien 
tist  of  San  Diego,  Cal.,  which  was  estab 
lished  in  1884. 

ORD,  EDWARD  OTHO  CRESAP,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1818,  in  Cumber 
land,  Md.  In  1839  he  graduated  from  the 
m^ama^m^^  •  United  States  Mili 
tary  academy.  He 
served  in  the  Florida 
war  against  the  Sem,- 
i  n  ol  e  Indians  i  n 
1839-42;  and  during 
the  civil  war  attained 
the  rank  of  major- 
general  of  volun 
teers.  In  the  camp 
and  on  the  march  Ire 
was  exceedingly 
careful  of  his  sol 
diers,  providing  for 
their  comfort,  their  clothing,  and  their 
medical  attendance;  and  he  showed  equal 
solicitude  for  the  sick  and  wounded.  He 
died  July  22,  1883,  in  Havana,  Cuba. 


ORD,  GEORGE,  naturalist,  was  born  in 
1781  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  an  intimate 
friend  of  Alexander  Wilson,  the  natural 
ist,  and  accompanied  him  on  many  of  his 
rambles.  After  Wilson's  death  in  1813 
Mr.  Ord  completed  the  eighth  volume  of 
the  former's  American  Ornithology.  In 
1825  he  prepared  a  new  edition  of  the  last 
three  volumes  of  the  ornithology,  and  in 
1828  issued  his  life  of  Wilson  as  a  sep 
arate  volume.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1866,  in 
Philadelphia. 

ORDWAY,  JOHN  MORSE,  chemist,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  23,  1823,  in  Ames- 
bury,  Mass.  He  has  been  professor  of 
chemistry  and  metallurgy  in  the  institute 
of  Technicology  in  Boston,  Mass.,  for  fif 
teen  years,  and  is  now  professor  of  indus 
trial  chemistry  of  the  Tulane  university 
of  New  Orleans,  La.  He  is  the  author  of 
Plantarum  Ordinum  Indicator,  and  other 
works. 

ORDWAY,  NEHEMIAH  G.,  merchant, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  10, 
1828,  in  Warner,  N.  H.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed  general  agent  of  the  post  office 
department  for  the  New  England  states, 
witi.  headquarters  at  Boston.  In  1863  he 
was  elected  sergeant-at-arms  of  the  Unit 
ed  States  house  of  representatives,  and 
served  during  the  thirty-eighth,  thirty- 
ninth,  fortieth,  forty-first,  forty-second 
and  forty-third  congresses.  In  1875  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  New 
Hampshire  legislature,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1876  and  1877.  In  1879  he  was  elected  a 
state  senator,  and  in  1880  was  appointed 
governor  of  Dakota  territory  for  the  term 
of  four  years. 

O'REILLY,  BERNARD,  Roman  catholic 
bishop,  was  born  in  1803  in  Ireland.  In 
1847  he  removed  to  Buffalo  and  was  made 
vicar-general  of  the  diocese  and  presi 
dent  of  the  seminary,  having  also  in 
charge  the  hospital  of  the  Sisters  of  Char 
ity.  In  1850  he  was  consecrated  bishop  of 
Hartford.  He  died  in  1856  at  sea. 

O'REILLY,  DANIEL,  public  official, 
congressman,  was  born  June  3,  1838,  in 
Ireland.  He  settled  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.; 
was  city  weigher;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  aldermen  in  1873-75.  He 
acted  as  supervisor  of  Kings  county  in 
1874-75,  and  during  1875  was  president 
pro  tern  of  the  board  of  aldermen.  He 
was  also  acting  mayor  on  several  occa 
sions;  and  was  again  elected  alderman 
for  the  years  1878  and  1879.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-sixth  congress. 

O'REILLY,  HENRY,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1806,  in  Irelanfl. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  Rochester,  and  the 
author  of  New  York  Sketches  of  Roch 
ester;  and  American  Political  Anti-Ma 
sonry.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1886,  in  Roch 
ester,  N.  Y. 

O'REILLY,  JOHN  BOYLE,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  June  28,  1844,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  a  noted  journalist  of  Bos 
ton,  editor  of  The  Pilot.  In  his  youth  he 
was  concerned  in  a  fenian  outbreak  in 
Ireland,  and  banished  to  Australia.  Es 
caping  thence  he  came  to  America  in 
1869  and  settled  in  Boston,  where  his  tal 
ents  speedily  secured  recognition.  Much 
of  his  work  in  verse  is  ephemeral,  but 
his  best  lines  have  the  ring  of  true  poetry. 
He  was  the  author  of  Songs,  Legends,  and 
Ballads;  Moondyne;  The  Statues  in  the 
Block,  and  Other  Poems;  Songs  of  the 
Southern  Seas;  In  Bohemia.  In  prose  he 
published,  Stories  and  Sketches;  and  The 
Ethics  of  Boxing.  He  died  Aug.  10,  1890, 
in  Hull,  Mass. 

O'REILLY,  PATRICK  THOMAS,  Ro 
man  catholic  bishop,  was  born  Dec.  24, 
1833,  in  Ireland.  He  was  consecrated 
first  bishop  of  Springfield  in  1870. 


706 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ORFF,  ANNIE  L.  Y.,  journalist,  was 
born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  editor 
and  owner  of  the  Chaperone  Magazine  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  since  the  death  of 
Kate  Field  she  unquestionably  takes  first 
place  as  the  leading  successful  female 
publisher  in  the  United  States.  She  is  also 
publisher  of  the  St.  Louis  Elite,  a  weekly 
society  journal. 

ORGAN,  BENJAMIN  SIMPSON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  lecturer,  jurist,  legislator, 
was  born  April  2,  1847,  in  Wilson  county, 
Tenn.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  Illinois  and  the  acad 
emy  of  Xenia.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  years 
he  enlisted  in  the  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
sixth  Illinois  volunteer  infantry,  and 
served  gallantly  throughout  the  war.  He 
has  attained  success  as  an  eminent  lawyer 
of  Mount  Carmel,  111.,  and  as  a  lecturer 
on  religious  subjects.  He  has  been  county 
judge,  and  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  general  assembly  of  the 
Illinois  state  legislature. 

O'RIORDAN,  JAMES,  civil  engineer, 
educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  about 
1840  in  Ireland.  He  is  the  author  of 
half  a  dozen  novels;  several  volumes  on 
educational  subjects;  and  a  number  of 
poems.  Although  he  is  a  civil  engineer, 
he  has  generally  been  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work  in  biony  Hollow,  N.  Y. 

ORMAN,  JAMES  B.,  state  senator,  was 
born  Nov.  4,  1849,  in  Muscatine,  Iowa. 
In  1880  he  was  elected  representative  to 
the  third  general  assembly;  and  in  1883 
to  1885  he  served  in  the  state  senate  from 
Colorado. 

ORMOND,  ALEXANDER  THOMAS,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  in  1847  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  Stuart  professor  of  men 
tal  science  and  logic  at  Princeton  univer 
sity  since  1883,  and  the  author  of  Basal 
Concepts  in  Philosophy. 

ORMSBY,  STEPHEN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1765  in 
Virginia.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  Kentucky;  a  brigade-major  under 
Harmer  in  his  campaign  of  1790;  and 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1811  to 
1817.  He  died  Sept.  6,  1846,  in  Louisville, 
Ky. 

ORMSBY,  THOMAS  J.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  2,  1842,  in  Petersburg,  Va. 
He  served  as  an  officer  in  the  confederate 
army,  and  has  filled  various  civil  offices 
for  the  past  fifteen  years.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  of  Pine  Bluff,  Ark.;  and  has 
attained  success  as  an  apiarist. 

ORMSBY,  WATERMAN  LILLY,  en- 
gjaver,  inventor,  was  born  in  1809  in 
Hampton,  Conn.  He  was  for  many  years 
an  engraver  in  New  York  city.  He  in 
vented  several  ruling  machines,  transfer- 
presses,  and  other  implements  that  are 
used  in  bank-note  engraving,  a  machine 
for  engraving  on  steel  called  the  gram- 
magraph,  and  one  for  splitting  wood.  He 
died  Nov.  1,  1883,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

ORNE,  AZOR,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  July  22,  1731,  in  Marble- 
head,  Mass.  He  became  a  judge  of  the 
general  court  of  Massachusetts  in  1775, 
and  in  January,  1776,  was  appointed  by 
the  provincial  congress  one  of  the  three 
major-generals  of  Massachusetts  militia. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  state  consti 
tution  in  1780  he  was  in  the  state  senate 
and  council  for  many  years.  He  died  June 
6,  1796,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ORNE,  MRS.  CAROLINE  (CHAPLIN), 
author,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  She 
was  a  popular  magazinist,  who  was  the 
author  of  more  than  two  hundred  and 
fifty  stories.  She  died  in  1882. 

ORNE,  CAROLINE  FRANCES,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1818  in  Massachusetts. 
She  is  a  Cambridge  writer  of  verse,  and 


also  of  stories  for  children.  Her  life  has 
all  been  passed  in  Cambridge,  her  native 
place.  She  is  the  author  of  A  Day  in  the 
Woodlands;  Lucy's  Party,  and  Other 
Tales;  Sweet  Auburn  and  Mount  Auburn, 
with  Other  Poems;  and  Morning  Songs  of 
American  Freedom. 

ORR,  ALEXANDER  D.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1765  in  Virginia. 
He  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  in  1784 
settled  in  Mason  county.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature  in  1792.  Upon 
the  admission  of  Kentucky  into  the  Union 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1792  to  1797. 
He  died  June  21,  1835,  in  Paris,  Ky. 

ORR,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1772,  in 
Bedford,  N.  H.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1817 
to  1819.  He  was  the  author  of  an  oration 
on  the  death  of  Washington  in  1800.  He 
died  Sept.  5,  1828,  in  Brunswick,  Maine. 

ORR,  HUGH,  manufacturer,  inventor, 
was  born  Jan.  13,  1717,  in  Scotland.  His 
muskets  made  for  the  state  of  Massachu 
setts  are  said  to  have  been  the  first  manu 
factured  in  New  England.  He  also  in 
vented  machines  for  cleaning  flaxseed, 
and  manufacturing  cotton.  He  died  Dec. 
C>,  1798,  in  Bridgewater,  Mass. 

ORR,  JACKSON,  soldier,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1832,  in 
Fayette  county,  Ohio.  He  served  in  the 
army  as  captain  in  the  tenth  Iowa  in 
fantry.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature  of  Iowa  in  1868.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-second  and  forty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

ORR,  JAMES  LAWRENCE,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  May  18,  1822,  in  Craytonville, 
S.  C.  In  1844  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1845.  In 
1848  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  South  Carolina,  to  which 
position  he  was  subsequently  re-elected, 
and  on  the  assembling  of  the  thirty-fifth 
congress  was  elected  speaker.  In  1860  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners 
to  visit  Washington  in  behalf  of  South 
Carolina,  and  in  1865  was  elected  governor 
of  South  Carolina.  He  was  subsequently 
appointed  minister  to  Russia.  He  died 
May  5,  1873,  in  St.  Petersburg,  Russia. 

ORR,  JOHN  WALKINSHAW,  civil  en 
gineer,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1858,  in 
Albia,  Iowa.  He  is  a  telegraph  operator, 
machinist  and  civil  engineer.  He  has 
written  extensively  for  the  periodical 
press,  and  his  poems  have  appeared  in 
several  standard  works. 

ORR,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  wood-engraver, 
was  born  March  31,  1815,  in  Ireland.  His 
first  important  work  was  for  the  frontis 
pieces  for  Harper's  Illustrated  Shake 
speare.  When  he  removed  to  New  York, 
wood-engraving  was  but  little  used,  but 
by  advertising  extensively,  engaging  the 
best  assistants  he  could  procure,  and  by 
introducing  new  inventions,  he  placed  his 
establishment  in  the  front  rank  of  his 
profession,  which  position  it  retained  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He 
died  March  4,  1887,  in  Jersey  City. 

ORR,  ROBERT,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Westmoreland  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1825  to  1829. 

ORR,  ROBERT,  inventor.  He  was  the 
inventor  of  an  improved  method  of  mak 
ing  scythes  with  the  trip-hammer,  and 
was  the  pioneer  in  New  England  in  the 
manufacture  of  iron  shovels.  In  1804  he 
was  master-armorer  at  the  United  States 
arsenal  at  Springfield,  Mass. 

ORR,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer,  invent 
or,  was  born  March  13.  1808,  in  Ireland. 


He  was  engaged  in  the  printing  of  wall 
paper  under  the  firm  name  of  A.  and  W. 
Orr.  His  inventions  consisted  in  engrav 
ing  and  disposing  the  designs  or  patterns 
on  a  cylinder. 

ORRICK,  JOHN  CROMWELL,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1840,  in 
St.  Charles,  Mo.  In  1866  he  was  elected 
circuit  attorney;  and  in  1868  was  elected 
to  the  Missouri  house  of  representatives. 

ORTH,  GODLOVE  STONER,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  22,  1817,  near  Lebanon,  Pa.  In  1843 
and  1846  he  was  elected  to  the  Indiana 
state  senate,  serving  six  years  in  all,  one 
year  as  president  of  that  body.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1848,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  peace  congress  of  1861. 
In  1862  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  thirty-eighth  con 
gress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
ninth,  fortieth,  forty-first  and  forty-third 
congresses.  In  1875  he  was  appointed 
minister  to  Austria.  He  was  again  elect 
ed  to  congress  as  a  representative  from 
Indiana  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty-sev 
enth  congresses.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1882,  in 
Lafayette,  Ind. 

ORTON,  EDWARD,  geologist,  college 
president,  was  born  March  9,  1829,  in  De 
posit,  N.  Y.  During  1873-81  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Ohio  State  university,  and 
still  holds  the  chair  of  geology  in  that 
institution.  Since  1869  he  has  been  state 
geologist  of  Ohio  and  in  1896  was  elected 
president  of  the  Geological  society  of 
America.  He  is  the  author  of  Economic 
Geology  of  Ohio;  and  Petroleum  and  In 
flammable  Gas. 

ORTON,  JAMES,  educator,  clergyman 
author,  was  born  April  21,  1830,  in  Sen 
eca  Falls,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman,  well  known  as  a  naturalist, 
who  was  professor  of  natural  history  at 
Vassar  college  in  1869-77,  and  the  author 
of  Comparative  Zoology;  The  Andes  and 
the  Amazon;  Underground  Treasures; 
and  Liberal  Education  of  Women.  He 
died  Sept.  25,  1877,  in  Peru. 

ORTON,  JASON  ROCKWOOD,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1806  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  litterateur  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  Poetical  Sketches;  Arnold, 
and  Other  Poems;  Camp  Fires  of  the  Red 
Men;  and  Confidential  Experiences  of  a 
Spiritualist.  He  died  Feb.  13,  1867,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

ORTON,  WILLIAM,  was  born  June  14, 
1826,  in  Cuba,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed 
from  that  state  in  1865  commissioner  of 
internal  revenue  in  the  United  States 
treasury,  but  only  held  the  office  one 
year.  He  afterward  became  president  of 
the  Western  Union  Telegraph  company  In 
New  York  city. 

ORUM,    JULIA    ANNA,    educator,    lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1843,  In 
Philadelphia,  Pa.    She  has  been  principal 
_______      in    the   Philadelphia 

School  of  Elocution; 
principal  in  Mt.  Lake 
Park  Summer  school 
•  of  Voice  Education; 
i  and  instructor  of 
j  voice  training  in  the 
j  Woman's  college  of 
11  Baltimore.  She  is  a 
I  successful  Shake- 
P  spearian  reader  and 
lecturer;  is  the  au- 
„.-•;'.  thor  of  a  work  en 
titled  Voice  Educa 
tion,  and  is  a  constant  contributor  to  the 
best  periodical  publications. 

ORWIG,  SAMUEL  H.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Aug.  18,  1836,  in  Mifflinburg,  Pa. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1860;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state 
legislature  iji  1864-65,  declining  re-elec 
tion. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


707 


OSBOKN,  CHASE  S.,  journalist,  public 
official,  was  born  Jan.  22,  i860,  in  Hunt- 
ington   county,   Ind.     In  1880  he  became 
_____^_______   managing    editor    of 

The  Signal  of  Mil 
waukee,  Wis.,  and 
subsequently  filled 
an  editorial  position 
on  the  Milwaukee 
Evening  Wisconsin. 
In  1883  he  became 
editor  and  part  pro 
prietor  of  the  Flor 
ence  Mining  News, 
and  in  1887  estab 
lished  the  Miner  and 
Manufacturer  of  Mil 
waukee,  Wis.  He  then  became  city  ed 
itor  of  the  Milwaukee  Sentinel,  and  is  now 
the  editor  and  proprietor  of  The  News 
of  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich.  He  has  been 
state  game  and  fish  warden  for  the  state 
of  Michigan;  has  been  postmaster  of  his 
city,  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 
OSBORN,  HENRY  FAIRPIELD,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1857  in  Connecti 
cut.  He  is  a  professor  of  biology  at  Col 
umbia  college,  and  the  author  of  From  the 
Greeks  to  Darwin,  an  outline  of  the  evo 
lution  idea. 

OSBORN,  HENRY  STAFFORD,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17, 
1823,  in  Philadelphia.  He  is  a  presbyte- 
rian  clergyman  and  educator,  and  profes 
sor  in  Miami  university,  Ohio,  in  1871-73. 
He  is  the  author  of  Palestine  Past  and 
Present;  Fruits  and  Flowers  of  the  Holy 
Land;  Scientific  Metallurgy  of  Iron  and 
Steel  in  the  United  States;  Manual  of 
Bible  Geography;  Ancient  Egypt  in  the 
Light  of  Recent  Discoveries;  Little  Pil 
grims  in  the  Holy  Land;  New  Descriptive 
Geography  of  Palestine;  The  Prospect 
or's  Field  Book  and  Guide;  and  A  Prac 
tical  Manual  of  Minerals,  Mines  and  Min 
ing. 

OSBORN,  JOHN,  soldier,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  17,  1741,  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  He  attained  note  as  a  chem 
ist,  and  is  said  to  have  had  the  most 
valuable  medical  library  in  the  state.  Be 
fore  the  revolution  he  published  a  trans 
lation  of  Condamine's  Treatise  on  Inocu 
lation,  with  an  original  appendix.  He 
died  in  June,  1825,  in  Middletown,  Conn. 

OSBORN,  JOHN  CHURCHILL,  physi 
cian,  educator,  poet,  was  born  in  Septem 
ber,  1766,  in  Middletown,  Conn.  In  1808 
he  was  appointed  professor  of  the  insti 
tutes  of  medicine  in  Columbia,  which  of 
fice  he  resigned  in  1813  to  accept  the 
chair  of  obstetrics  in  the  New  York  col 
lege  of  physicians  and  surgeons.  He  was 
a  connoisseur  in  poetry,  belles-lettres,  and 
painting.  Joel  Barlow  submitted  the 
poem  of  The  Vision  of  Columbus  to  him 
for  revision.  He  died  March  5,  1819,  in 
the  Island  of  St.  Croix. 

OSBORN,  JOHN  E.,  physician,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
June  9,  1858,  in  Westport,  N.  Y.  He  was 
elected  in  1883  to  the  Wyoming  territorial 
legislature,  and  in  1888  was  elected  mayor 
of  the  city  of  Rawlins.  In  1892  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Wyoming,  and  at  the 
expiration  of  his  official  term  as  govern 
or  he  was  unanimously  renominated  by 
his  party  for  a  second  term,  but  owing  to 
important  business  engagements  declined 
the  honor.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

OSBORN,  LAUGHTON,  artist,  was  born 
m  1809  in  New  York  city.  He  was  an 
artist  and  writer  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  Confessions  of  a  Poet;  Sixty 
Years  of  the  Life  of  Jeremy  Levis;  The 
Vision  of  Rubeta;  Arthur  Carry! ;  Hand 


book  of  Oil  Painting;  and  Travels  by  Sea 
and  Land.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1878,  in  New 
York  city. 

OSBORN,    R.    H.,    physician,    surgeon, 
state  senator,  was  born  June  27,  1823,  in 
North     Bloomfield,     Ohio.       He     taught 
school       for       three 
years,    and    in    1849 
graduated  from     the 
Medical     college     of 
I    Cleveland,  Ohio.     He 

~dm  I    has  attained  success 
L^    .  I    as  an  eminent   phy- 

•  sician  and  surgeon  of 
Michigan,  and  is  the 
oldest  physician  on 
Lake  Superior.  In 
1877-78  he  served 
with  distinction  as 
amemberof  the  state 
senate  of  the  Michigan  state  legislature.  He 
has  been  a  school  director  for  twenty-five 
years;  is  vice-president  of  the  Mer 
chants'  and  Miners'  bank  of  Calumet,  and 
a  director  of  the  Farmingdale  Land  and 
Live  Stock  company  of  South  Dakota. 

OSBORN,  SELLECK,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  in  1783  in  Trumbull,  Conn.  He 
was  a  journalist,  once  popular  as  a  poet, 
who  published  Poems,  Moral.  Sentimental, 
and  Satirical.  He  died  Oct.  1,  1826,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

OSBORN,  THOMAS  A.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1836, 
in  Meadville,  Pa.  He  practiced  law  in 
Pontiac.  Mich.;  and  was  elected  county 
attorney  of  Doniphan  county  in  1858.  He 
was  elected  state  senator  in  1859;  and  in 
1862  became  president  of  the  senate.  The 
same  year  he  was  elected  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  the  state.  He  was  United  States 
marshal  from  1864  to  1866;  and  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  Kansas  in  1872  and  re-elect 
ed  in  1874.  He  was  United  States  minister 
to  Chili  from  1877  to  1881;  and  in  1881  was 
promoted  to  the  post  of  United  States 
minister  to  Brazil. 

OSBORN,  THOMAS  W.,  lawyer,  soldier, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  March  9, 
1836,  in  Scotch  Plains,  N.  J.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Florida  state  senate;  and 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Florida  for  the  term  ending  in  1873. 

OSBORNE,  EDWIN  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  7, 
1839,  in  Bethany,  Pa.  In  1861  he  enlisted 
in  the  union  army;  and  in  1863  was  pro 
moted  to  major  and  appointed  assistant 
inspector-general.  After  the  close  of  the 
war  he  was  detailed  as  a  judge  advocate 
in  the  bureau  of  military  justice,  at  Wash 
ington.  In  1883  he  was  commander  of 
the  department  of  Pennsylvania  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative-at-large  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-ninth  congress; 
and  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

OSBORNE,  JOHN  E.,  physician,  legisla 
tor,  governor,  was  born  June  19,  1858,  in 
Westport,  N.  Y.  He  first  was  apprenticed 
to  a  druggist  in  Ver 
mont;  later  studied 
medicine  and  attend 
ed  the  medical  lec 
tures  at  the  univer 
sity  of  Vermont, 
graduating  in  1880. 
He  moved  west, 
opened  a  drug  store 
in  Rawlins,  Wyo., 
where  he  accumu 
lated  a  fortune  and 
established  an  envi 
able  reputation  as  a 
physician.  He  is  probably  the  largest  in 
dividual  sheep  holder  in  Wyoming,  his 
flocks  numbering  over  thirty  thousand.  In 


1882  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  ter 
ritorial  legislature;  in  1888  was  elected 
mayor  of  Rawlins;  and  in  1896  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  Wyoming.  He  is  president 
of  the  Rawlins  Electric  Light  company- 
secretary  of  the  Rawlins  Wool  Storage 
company;  president  of  the  Rawlins  Hotel 
company;  and  director  of  a  large  drug 
supply  house. 

OSBORNE,  [SAMUEL]  DUFFIELD  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1858  on  Long  Island'  He 
is  a  litterateur  of  New  York  city  and 
the  author  of  The  Spell  of  Ashtaroth;  and 
The  Robe  of  Nessus. 

OSBORNE,  THOMAS  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
educator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1797 
in  Fairfield  county,  Conn.  He  was  for 
several  years  judge  of  Fairfield  county 
Conn.;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1839  to  1843.  In  1848  he  set 
tled  in  New  Haven,  and  became  a  pro 
fessor  in  the  law  department  of  Yale  col 
lege.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1869,  in  New  Ha 
ven,  Conn. 

OSBORNE,  THOMAS  M.,  railroad  presi- 

c'fnt'  wa«  lJ°m  Sept.  23,  1859,  in  Auburn, 

In   1886   he   became   president   of 

the   Owasco    River    railroad,    at    Auburn, 

OSBURN,  NEHEMIAH,  contractor  was 
born  Aug.  9,  1801,  in  Pompey  N  Y  He 
constructed  for  the  United  States  court 
bouses  in  Detroit,  Cincinnati  and  Balti 
more,  beside  government  buildings  in 
Milwaukee,  Rochester  and  many  other 
cities.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1892,  in  Rochester, 

OSCANYAN,  HATCHIK,  author,  was 
born  in  1818  in  Turkey.  He  is  an  Ar 
menian  writer  of  New  York  city  who  took 
the  name  of  Christopher;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  Acaby,  a  satirical  romance-  Ve 
ronica,  a  novel;  Bedig,  a  work  for  young 
readers;  and  The  Sultan  and  His  People, 
once  a  very  popular  work. 

OSGOOD,  MRS.  FRANCES  SARGENT 
[LOCKE],  poet,  was  born  June  18,  1811, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  She  was  a  poet  whose 
poems  were  for  a  time  extremely  popular. 
She  was  the  author  of  The  Casket  of 
Fate;  A  Wreath  of  Wild  Flowers  from 
New  England;  The  Happy  Release,  a  play 
written  for  Sheridan  Knowles;  and  Poems. 
She  died  May  12,  1850,  in  Hingham  Mass 

OSGOOD,  GAYTON  P.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1797.  He  served 
in  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1829 
and  1831;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1832  to 
1835.  He  died  June  26,  1861. 

OSGOOD,  HELEN  LOUISE  GIBSON, 
philanthropist,  was  born  about  1835  in 
Boston,  Mass.  She  organized  and  con 
ducted  for  many  months  a  hospital  for 
one  thousand  colored  soldiers  of  the  army 
of  the  Potomac,  and  displayed  great  exec 
utive  ability.  She  died  April  20,  1868  in 
Newton  Centre,  Mass. 

OSGOOD,  HOWARD,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1831,  in  Plaquemine 
parish,  La.  In  1868  he  was  called  to  the 
professorship  of  Hebrew  in  Crozer  Theo 
logical  seminary,  Pa.  In  1875  he  was 
elected  to  the  same  chair  in  Rochester 
Theological  seminary. 

OSGOOD,  JASON  C.,  inventor,  was  boTn 
Nov.  16,  1804,  in  Nassau,  N.  Y.  In  1846 
he  invented  the  celebrated  Osgood  dredg 
ing  machine,  which  made  his  name  known 
the  world  over. 

OSGOOD,  KATE  PUTNAM,  author,  po- 
et>  was  born  in  1841  in  Fryeburg,  Maine. 
Her  best  known  poem,  Driving  Home  the 
Cows,  published  anonymously  in  Harper's 
Magazine,  in  March,  1865,  was  copied  by 
nearly  every  journal  in  the  United  States, 
and  was  one  of  the  few  poems  of  merit 
that  were  suggested  by  the  civil  war. 


708 


HERRI  NOSH  AWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


OSGOOD,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  14,  1748,  in  Andover,  Mass.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  provincial  congress. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  house  until  1780, 
and  then  state  senator.  He  was  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1780  to 
1784;  first  commissioner  of  the  United 
States  treasury  from  1785  to  1789;  and 
United  States  postmaster-general  from 
1789  to  1791.  He  was  the  author  of  Chro 
nology;  Remarks  on  Daniel  and  Revela 
tion;  Letters  on  Episcopacy;  Theology 
and  Metaphysics,  and  other  subjects.  He 
died  Aug.  12,  1813,  in  New  York  city. 

OSGOOD,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  30,  1812,  in  Charlestown, 
Pa.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman,  pas 
tor  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah  in  New 
York  city  in  1849-69.  He  was  the  author 
of  Studies  in  Christian  Biography;  God 
with  Men;  Mile-Stones  in  our  Life  Jour 
ney;  The  Hearthstone;  Student  Life;  The 
Gospel  Among  the  Animals;  and  Ameri 
can  Leaves.  He  died  April  14,  1880,  in 
New  York  city. 

O'SHEA,  JOHN,  public  officer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1859,  in  Chicago. 
111.  During  1882-86  he  was  deputy  county 
clerk;  olerk  in  election  commissioner's  of 
fice  in  1888;  division  clerk  in  the  water 
office  during  1889-91;  and  deputy  clerk  of 
the  superior  court  during  1893-97.  He 
served  with  distinction  in  the  thirty- 
third,  thirty-fourth  and  fortieth  general 
assemblies  of  the  Illinois  state  legislature. 
He  is  also  interested  in  the  real  estate 
business. 

OSLER.  WILLIAM,  physician,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1849  in  Ontario. 
He  is  a  physician,  professor  in  Johns  Hop 
kins  university  since  1889;  and  the  author 
of  Clinical  Notes  on  Small-Pox;  Histology 
Notes  for  Students;  Cerebral  Palsies  of 
Children;  Principles  and  Practice  of  Med 
icine;  and  Diagnosis  of  Abdominal  Tum 
ors. 

OSMER,  J.  H.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  22,  1833.  He  moved  to 
Franklin,  Pa.,  in  1865;  was  a  member  of 
the  republican  state  committee;  and  a 
delegate  to  the  republican  national  con 
vention  of  1876.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress  as  a  republican. 

OSMOND  ALFRED,  educator,  jurist, 
poet  was  born  Oct.  5,  1861,  in  Willard. 
Utah.  In  1886  he  graduated  from  the  Des- 
eret  university  of 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
He  studied  law  in 
the  university  of 
Michigan.  During 
1886-88  he  taught 
school.  He  moved  to 
Paris,  Idaho,  and 
was  there  elected  pro 
bate  judge  of  Bear 
Lake  county,  and 
county  superinten 
dent  of  schools.  He 
is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  and  has  contributed  ex- 
tensnely  to  current  literature,  and  his 
poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  sev 
eral  standard  collections. 

OSMOND.  S.  M.,  author,  poet.  He  is 
the  author  of  Sulamith,  a  metrical  ro 
mance. 

OSMUN,  GILBERT  R.,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1845,  in  Newark,  N. 
J.  '  He  became  city  editor  of  the  Times 
of  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  then  of  the  Sagi- 
naw  Republican;  and  for  ten  years  was 
state  editor  of  the  Detroit  Evening  News. 
He  was  private  secretary  to  Gov.  Alger 
until  he  assumed  the  duties  of  secretary 
of  state. 


OSMUN,  THOMAS  EMBLEY,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  26,  1826.  in  Summit  county, 
Ohio.  He  is  an  author  of  New  York  city; 
and  has  written  The  Verbalist;  The  Or- 
thoepist;  an  annotated  edition  of  Cob- 
bett's  Grammar;  The  Mentor;  Acting  and 
Actors;  and  The  Essentials  of  Elocution. 

OSTROM,  ERNEST  R.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  April  1,  1868,  near  Victor,  Iowa. 
He  is  the  editor  and  part  owner  of  the 
Criterion  of  Danbury,  Iowa;  has  contrib 
uted  extensively  to  periodical  literature; 
and  some  of  his  poems  have  appeared  in 
standard  collections. 

OSWALD,  FELIX  LEOPOLD,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1845  in  Belgium. 
He  is  a  naturalist  of  Tennessee;  and  the 
author  of  Physical  Education;  Summer- 
land  Sketches;  Zoological  Sketches; 
Household  Remedies;  The  Secret  of  the 
East,  or  the  Origin  of  the  Christian  Re 
ligion;  Days  and  Nights  in  the  Tropics: 
The  Bible  of  Nature;  and  The  Poison 
Problem. 

OTERO,  MARIANO  S.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1844,  in 
Peralta,  N.  M.  He  was  probate  judge  from 
1871  to  1879;  was  nominated  a  delegate  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress,  but  declined; 
and  was  elected  a  delegate  from  New  Mex 
ico  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

OTERO,  MIGUEL  A.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  June  21,  1829, 
in  Valencia,  N.  M.  He  was  elected  to 
the  New  Mexico  territorial  legislature.  For 
a  time  he  held  the  office  of  attorney-gen 
eral  for  the  territory;  and  in  1855  was 
elected  a  delegate  to  congress  from  New 
Mexico.  He  died  May  31,  1882. 

OTEY,  JAMES  HARVEY,  educator, 
clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1800. 
in  Liberty,  Va.  In  1820  he  graduated 
from  the  university 
of  North  Carolina; 
and  became  a  tutor 
in  Latin  and  Greek 
in  that  institution. 
He  was  ordained  a 
clergyman  of  the 
protestant  episcopal 
church;  and  was 
consecrated  bishop 
of  Tennessee  in  1834. 
He  was  the  pioneer 
bishop  of  his  church 
in  the  southwest; 
and  became  known  as  the  Good  Bishop. 
He  published  numerous  addresses  and 
sermons;  and  one  volume  entitled  The 
Unity  of  the  Church.  He  died  April  23, 
1863,  in  Memphis,  Tenn. 

OTEY,  PETER  J.,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  22,  1840,  in  Lynchburg,  Va. 
He  joined  the  confederate  army  and  par 
ticipated  in  the  west 
ern  campaign  culmi 
nating  at  Donelson 
and  Shiloh.  He  re 
turned  with  his  com 
mand  and  was  with 
the  army  of  northern 
Virginia  and  re 
mained  in  the  in 
fantry  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  His  ca 
reer  has  been  that  of 
a  thorough  business 
man  in  railroad, 
banking  and  insurance  since  1869,  from 
which  time  he  has  been  active  in  the  poli 
tics  of  his  state,  though  never  asking  for 
office  till  1894,  when  he  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 


OTIS,  CHARLES  EUGENE,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  in  1847  in  Prairieville,  Mich. 
He  moxed  to  Minnesota  in  1871;  served 
one  year  as  a  member  of  the  St.  Paul 
board  of  education;  and  two  terms  as  a 
member  of  the  common  council.  In  1889 
he  was  appointed  judge  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
was  elected  to  the  same  office  in  1890, 
and  re-elected  in  1896. 

OTIS.  ELISHA  GRAVES,  inventor,  was 
born  Aug.  3,  1811,  in  Halifax,  Vt.  He  put 
into  practical  operation  a  hoisting  ma 
chine  that  embodied  some  novel  features 
calculated  to  automatically  prevent  loss 
of  life  in  case  of  the  breaking  of  the  lift 
ing  cable.  In  1867  his  sons  organized  a 
stock  company  to  carry  on  the  manufac 
ture  of  his  inventions,  and  its  business 
now  amounts  to  about  $2,000,000  per  an 
num.  He  died  April  8,  1861,  in  Yonkers, 
N.  Y. 

OTIS,  ELIZA  A.,  journalist,  poet.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  Echoes  from  Elfland.  She  is  the 
wife'  of  Col.  Harrison  Gray  Otis,  owner 
and  editor-in-chief  of  the  Los  Angeles 
Times,  of  which  publication  Mrs.  Otis  is 
associate  editor. 

OTIS,  MRS.  ELIZA  [HENDERSON], 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  July  27,  1796,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  She  was  a  once  prominent 
philanthropist  and  social  leader  in  Bos 
ton  who  wrote  The  Barclays  of  Boston,  a 
novel.  She  died  April  8,  1861,  in  Yonkers, 
N.  Y. 

OTIS,  ELWELL  STEPHEN,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  25,  1838,  in  Freder 
ick  City,  Md.  He  is  a  United  States 
army  officer;  and  the  author  of  The  In 
dian  Question. 

OTIS,  FESSENDEN  NOTT,  physician, 
author,  was  born  May  6,  1825,  in  Balls- 
ton,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  physician  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Lessons  in  Draw 
ing;  Tropical  Journeyings;  History  of  the 
Panama  Railroad;  Stricture  of  the  Male 
Urethra;  Clinical  Lessons  on  Syphilis; 
and  Physiology  of  Syphilitic  Infection. 

OTIS,  GEORGE  ALEXANDER,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1830,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  surgeon  who  was  cura 
tor  of  the  Army  Medical  museum  at 
Washington;  and  the  author  of  Report 
of  Surgical  Cases  Treated  in  the  United 
States  Army,  1867-71;  and  Amputation  at 
the  Hip  Joint.  He  died  Feb.  23,  1881,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

OTIS,  HARRISON  GRAY,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1765,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  for  many  years  an  active 
and  leading  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
state  legislature,  serving  as  speaker  and 
president  of  the  senate.  He  was  chosen  a 
representative  in  congress  from  the  Suf 
folk  district  in  1797,  and  served  through 
President  Adams's  administration.  In 
1817  he  was  chosen  a  senator  in  congress, 
where  he  remained  for  five  years.  He  was 
also  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas; 
and  mayor  of  Boston.  He  was  the  author 
of  Letters  in  Defense  of  the  Hartford  Con 
vention;  and  Orations  and  Addresses.  He 
died  Oct.  28,  1848,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

OTIS,  JAMES,  soldier,  orator,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  5,  1725,  in  West  Barnstable, 
Mass.  He  was  a  celebrated  orator  and 
politician,  and  one  of  the  most  active  ad 
vocates  of  American  independence.  He 
was  the  author  of  Rights  of  the  British 
Colonies  Asserted  and  Approved;  Vindica 
tion  of  the  British  Colonies;  Consider 
ations  on  Behalf  of  the  Colonists;  and  A 
Vindication  of  the  Rights  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Massachusetts  Bay.  He 
was  killed  by  lightning  May  23,  1783,  in 
Andover,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


709 


OTIS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1801  in  Maine. 
He  served  five  years  in  the  Maine  legisla 
ture;  was  a  commissioner  for  settling  the 
northeastern  boundary;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Maine  from 
1849  to  1851.  He  died  Oct.  17,  1856. 

OTIS,  JOHN  GRANT,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1838,  in 
Danby.  Vt.  For  over  twenty  years  he 
has  been  engaged  in  the  dairy  business 
near  Topeka,  Kas.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  people's  party 
candidate. 

OTIS,  NORTON  PRENT1SS,  manufac 
turer,  state  legislator,  was  born  March 
18,  1840,  in  Halifax,  Vt.  He  is  president 
of  Otis  Brothers  and  Company.  Some  of 
the  largest  elevators  in  the  world  are  the 
product  of  these  works,  including  the  one 
in  the  Washington  monument,  and  the 
famous  elevator  in  the  Eiffel  tower  in 
Paris.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  Yonkers 
in  1880  and  state  assemblyman  in  1883. 

OTIS,  SAMUEL  ALLYNE,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  24, 
1740,  in  Barnstable,  Mass.  In  1776  he  was 
a  representative  in  the  assembly;  and  sub 
sequently  a  member  of  the  convention 
•which  framed  the  constitution  of  Massa 
chusetts.  From  1787  to  1788  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress,  and 
upon  the  adoption  of  the  constitution  was 
appointed  secretary  of  the  senate,  holding 
that  office  for  more  than  thirty  years.  He 
died  April  22,  1814,  in  Washington. 

OTJEN,  THEOBOLD,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1851,  in  West 
China,  Mich.  He  practiced  law  in  De 
troit  during  1875-83, 
'  when  he  removed  to 
*  Milwaukee,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  en 
gaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  and  in  the 
real  estate  business. 
He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  com 
mon  council  of  the 
city  of  Milwaukee  in 
1887,  and  was  re- 
elected  for  three  suc 
cessive  terms,  serv 
ing  seven  years  in  all.  He  was  a  trustee 
of  the  Milwaukee  public  library  from  1887 
to  1891,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Milwaukee 
public  museum  from  1891  to  1894.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

OTKEN,  CHARLES  H.,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  26,  1839.  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  and  private  schools,  and  at 
tended  the  Mississippi  college  of  Clinton. 
During  1867-77  he  was  principal  of  the 
Peabody  public  school  of  Summit,  Miss.; 
was  founder  of  the  Lea  Female  college  of 
Summit,  and  ser\ed  as  its  president  for 
seventeen  years.  Since  1894  he  has  been 
president  of  the  McComb  Female  institute, 
Miss.  He  has  been  trustee  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Mississippi  for  four  years,  and  a 
trustee  of  the  Mississippi  college  for 
twelve  years,  from  which  latter  institution 
he  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  work  on  economics  en 
titled  The  Ills  of  the  South;  and  has  con 
tributed  essays  and  various  articles  to 
the  Times-Democrat  of  New  Orleans,  and 
other  publications.  In  1864  he  was  or 
dained  a  clergyman  in  the  baptist  church; 
has  filled  several  pastorates  in  Missis 
sippi;  and  for  twelve  years  gave  his 
whole  time  to  teaching.  He  was  twice 
offered  the  position  of  state  superinten 
dent  of  public  education  in  Mississippi, 
but  declined  the  honor. 


OTT,  ISAAC,  physician,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  30,  1847,  in  Northampton  coun 
ty,  Pa.  He  is  a  physician  who  has  pub 
lished  Cocaine,  Veratria,  and  Gelseminum; 
Action  of  Medicines;  and  Physiology  and 
Pathology  of  the  Nervous  System. 

OTTENDORFER,  ANNA,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1815,  in  Moravia. 
In  1875  she  established  in  Astoria,  L.  I., 
the  Isabella  Home  for  Aged  Women, 
named  in  memory  of  a  deceased  daughter, 
expending  $150,000  on  the  building  and 
endowment.  She  contributed  $40,000  to 
an  educational  fund,  built  the  women's 
pavilion  of  the  German  hospital,  New 
York  city,  at  a  cost  of  $75,000,  and  gave 
$100,000  for  a  German  dispensary.  She 
died  April  1,  1884,  in  New  York  city. 

OTTENDORFER,  OSWALD,  journalist, 
was  born  Dec.  26,  1826,  in  Moravia.  In 
1872-74  he  was  an  alderman,  and  in  1874 
a  candidate  for  mayor  of  New  York  city. 
He  gave  $300,000  to  build  and  endow  an 
educational  institution  in  his  native  town 
in  Austria,  founded  on  Long  Island  a  home 
for  aged  and  indigent  men,  and  estab 
lished  the  Ottendorfer  free  library  in  Sec 
ond  avenue,  New  York  city,  at  an  original 
cost  of  $50,000,  which  has  been  augmented 
by  annual  gifts. 

OTTO,  WILLIAM  TOD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  19,  1817,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  elected  a  district  judge  in 
Indiana  for  six  years;  and  became  a  pro 
fessor  of  law  in  the  university  of  Indiana. 
In  1863  he  was  appointed  assistant  secre 
tary  of  the  interior  department,  and  re 
mained  in  that  position  until  1871,  when 
he  was  appointed  arbitrator  on  the  part 
of  the  United  States,  on  the  commission 
for  the  settlement  of  claims  of  American 
citizens  against  Spain.  In  1875  he  was 
appointed  reporter  of  decisions  of  the  su 
preme  court. 

OTTS,  JOHN  MARTIN  PHILIP,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  7,  1838,  in 
Union,  S.  C.  He  is  a  presbyterian  min 
ister  of  Talladega,  Ala.;  and  the  author  of 
Nicodemus  with  Jesus;  Light  and  Life  for 
a  Dead  World;  The  Southern  Pen  and 
Pulpit;  Inter-denominational  Literature; 
The  Gospel  of  Honesty;  Laconisms;  The 
Fifth  Gospel;  Unsettled  Questions;  and 
At  Mother's  Knee. 

OURY,  GRANVILLE  H.,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  12,  1825,  in 
Abington,  Va.  In  1849  he  went  to  Cali 
fornia  and  engaged  in  mining;  and  in  1856 
settled  in  Arizona.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  territorial  legislature  in 
1866,  1873  and  1875,  serving  as  speaker  the 
first  two  terms.  He  was  elected  a  dele 
gate  from  Arizona  to  the  forty-seventh 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

OUTCALT,  OTTO  O.,  journalist,  legis 
lator,  .was  born  Nov.  2,  1858,  in  Wilming 
ton,  Ohio.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of 
The  Courier  of  Burlington,  Kas.,  in 
which  state  he  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  legislature. 

OUTERBRIDGE,  ALBERT  ALBONY, 

lawyer,  journalist,  was  born  April  20,  1841, 
in  Bermuda.  Since  1874  he  has  been  the 
editor-in-chief  of  the  Weekly  Notes  of 
Cases,  of  which  seventeen  volumes  have 
been  published  in  Philadelphia.  He  was 
appointed  reporter  to  the  supreme  court 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1881,  and  edited  sev 
eral  volumes  of  reports.  This  office  he 
resigned  Jan.  1,  1885,  to  become  the  trust 
officer  of  the  Land  Title  and  Trust  com 
pany  of  Philadelphia. 

OUTHWAITE,  JOSEPH  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1841,  in  Cleve 
land,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Franklin  county,  Ohio,  in  1874, 
and  again  in  1876.  He  was  one  of  the 


trustees  of  the  County  Children's  home 
from  1879  until  1883;  was  one  of  the  trus 
tees  of  the  sinking  fund  of  the  city  of 
Columbus  in  1883;  and  in  1884  was  reap- 
pointed  for  a  term  of  five  years.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat.  In 
1895  he  was  appointed  civilian  member  of 
the  board  of  ordnance  and  fortification, 
Columbus,  Ohio. 

OUTLAW,  DAVID,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Bertie  county,  N.  C.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  house  of  com 
mons;  was  elected  solicitor  of  Edenton 
district  in  1836;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1847  to  1853. 

OUTLAW,  GEORGE  C.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Bertie  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of 
commons  in  1796;  and  in  the  North  Caro 
lina  state  senate  a  number  of  years  there 
after.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  during  the  years  1824  and  1825.  He 
died  Aug.  15,  1836. 

OVALL,  JOHN,     journalist,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  was  born  Jan.  28.  1863,  in  Swe 
den.  He  is  a  successful  pastor  of  the  Scan 
dinavian      methodist 
episcopal         church; 
has      organized 
churches  and  secured 
church  properties  at 
Port     Lavaca,     Vic 
toria,  Jasmine,  Gan- 
ado,  Louise,  El  Cam- 
po      and     Galveston, 
Texas.    In  Galveston 
he  also  organized  the 
Galveston    Port    so 
ciety,  of  which  he  is 
chaplain.    He  found 
ed    and    edited    the    Gospel    Herald,    and 
now     fills    a     pastorate     in     Georgetown, 
Texas. 

OVERALL,  JOHN  WILFORD,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1822, 
In  Shenandoah  Valley,  Va.  He  has  been 
editorially  connected  with  the  press  of 
Mobile,  Richmond,  Galveston  and  St. 
Louis;  and  from  1876  with  the  press  of 
New  York,  principally  as  literary  editor 
of  the  Mercury.  He  is  the  author  of 
Catechism  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States;  and  a  number  of  meritori 
ous  poems. 

OVERMAN,  FREDERICK,  civil  engin 
eer,  author,  was  born  about  1810  in  Ger 
many.  He  was  a  mining  engineer  of 
Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  The 
Manufacture  of  Iron;  The  Manufacture  of 
Steel;  Political  Mineralogy;  Moulder's 
and  Founder's  Pocket  Guide;  Mechanics 
tor  the  Millwright,  etc.;  and  Treatise  on 
Metallurgy.  He  died  in  1852  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

OVERMAN,  LEE  S.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Jan.  3,  1854,  in  Salisbury,  N.  C. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  his  native 
city;  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  North  Carolina  in  1883,  1885, 
1887  and  in  1893,  and  was  speaker  of  the 
house  during  the  latter  term.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad 
company;  and  in  1897  was  the  democratic 
nominee  for  United  States  senator. 

OVERMYER,  JOHN,  legislator.  This 
able  lawyer  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Indiana  state  legislature,  and  was 
elected  speaker  of  the  house. 

OVERSTREET,  JAMES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Barnwell,  S.  C.  He  was  a  rep- 
resentatn  e  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1819  to  1822.  He  died  in  1822. 


710 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


OVERSTREET,  JESSE,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1859,  in 
Johnson  county,  Ind.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1886;  and  is  a  successful  law 
yer  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

OVERTON,  EDWARD,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1836,  in 
Towanda,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  from  1861  to  1864,  rising  to  the  rank 
of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

OVERTON.  WALTER  H.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Louisiana  from  1829  to  1831. 

OWEN,  ABRAHAM,  soldier,  jurist,  leg 
islator,  was  born  in  1769  in  Prince  Ed 
ward  county,  Va.  He  was  surveyor  of 
Shelby  county  in  1796,  subsequently  a  mag 
istrate,  and  colonel  of  the  first  militia 
regiment  raised  in  Kentucky.  He  was  in 
the  legislature  in  1798,  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  the  next 
year,  and  state  senator  in  1810.  He  died 
Nov.  7,  1811,  in  Tippecanoe  county,  Ind. 

OWEN,  ALFRED,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  July  20,  1829,  in 
China,  Maine.  He  has  filled  pastorates 
in  various  cities  and  for  several  years  was 
president  of  the  Denison  university  of 
Granville,  Ohio.  He  is  now  president  of 
the  Roger  Williams  university  of  Nash 
ville,  Tenn. 

OWEN,  ALLEN  F.,  diplomat,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He 
moved  to  Georgia;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1849  to  1851. 
He  was  subsequently  appointed  consul  at 
Havana. 

OWEN.  DAVID  DALE,  geologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  24,  1807,  in  Scotland. 
He  was  state  geologist  of  Indiana;  and 
the  author  of  Report  of  a  Geological  Sur 
vey  of  Kentucky;  Geological  Survey  of 
Wisconsin;  and  Report  of  a  Geological 
Reconnoissance.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1860, 
in  New  Harmony,  Ind. 

OWEN,  FRANCIS  BROWNING,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  in  October,  1830,  in  Ma- 
comb  county,  Mich.  He  attended  the 
Branch  university  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich., 
and  has  attained  success  as  a  noted  law 
yer  in  Berrien  Springs,  Mich.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Legend  of  Winona;  Poems; 
Columbia,  and  Other  Poems;  Two  Bells; 
Forty  Sonnets;  and  other  poetical  works. 

OWEN,  GEORGE  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1798  in  Brunswick  county,  Va. 
He  was  a  speaker  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  Alabama;  and  mayor  of  Mo 
bile.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1823  to  1829, 
when  he  was  appointed  collector  of  the 
port  of  Mobile.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1839  in 
Mobile,  Ala. 

OWEN,  JAMES,  planter,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  1784  in 
Bladen  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  general  of 
militia;  and  was  four  years  a  member 
of  the  legislature.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1817  to  1819.  He  died  Sept.  4  1865,  in 
Wilmington,  N.  C. 

OWEN.  JOHN,  planter,  state  legislator, 
goxernor,  was  born  in  August,  1787,  in 
Bladen  county,  N.  C.  He  was  in  the  legis 
lature  in  1812-28;  and  was  elected  govern 
or  of  North  Carolina  in  the  latter  year. 
He  died  Oct.  12,  1841,  in  Pittsburg,  N.  C. 

OWEN,  JOHN,  publisher,  was  born 
March  28,  1805,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He 
aided  Mr.  Longfellow  in  the  preparation 
of  his  Poems  of  Places,  especially  in  veri- 


fying  authorship.  He  was  also  the  friend 
and  literary  adviser  of  Charles  Sumner, 
and  induced  him  to  publish  his  writings  in 
a  uniform  edition.  He  died  April  22,  1882, 
in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

OWEN,  JOHN  JASON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1803,  in  Cole- 
brook,  Conn.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  and  educator  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Commentary  on 
the  Gospels;  Acts  of  the  Apostles  in 
Greek,  with  Lexicon;  and  text-book  edi 
tions  of  Xenophon,  Thucydides,  and  Ho 
mer.  He  died  April  18,  1869,  in  New  York 
city. 

OWEN,  JOSHUA  THOMAS,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  journalist,  was  born 
March  29,  1821,  in  Wales.  He  founded  in 
1871  the  New  York  Daily  Register,  a  law 
journal,  which  became  the  official  organ 
of  the  New  York  courts  in  1873,  and  he 
continued  on  its  editorial  staff  until  his 
death.  He  died  Nov.  7,  1887,  in  Chestnut 
Hill,  Pa. 

OWEN,  MARY  ALICIA,     author.     Her 
work   entitled  Voodoo   Tales   has   been  a 
pronounced   success  in  America  and  Eu- 
^^^^^^^    rope.     She  has    also 
^fc.  '    written  a  book     en- 

^JBh  !    titled   Voodoo     Mag- 

^C  Ip^          ic,    for  the     English 
,?,  ;    Folk-Lore      Society; 

I  and  a  novel  of  In- 
I  dianlifeentitled  The 
'f'^m.  » ,  [  Daughter  of  Alon- 
ette;  and  she  is  also 
the  author  of  Myths, 
Customs  and  Cere 
monials  of  the  Al 
gonquin  Tribes  in 
the  Middle  West. 
Since  1892  she  has  read  many  papers 
on  Indian  life  before  eastern  and  south 
ern  audiences;  and  she  possesses  one  of 
the  largest  collections  of  Indian  bead- 
work  in  the  world. 

OWEN,  MOSES,  poet,  was  born  in  1838, 
in  Bath,  Maine.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  Plymouth 
Church,  and  Other  Poems.  He  died  in 
November,  1878,  in  Augusta,  Maine. 

OWEN,  RICHARD,  geologist,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  6,  1810,  in  Scotland.  He 
was  a  geologist  of  New  Harmony,  Ind. 
He  succeeded  his  brother  David  as  state 
geologist  in  I860,  and  was  author  of  a  Key 
to  the  Geology  of  the  Globe.  He  died  in 
1890. 

OWEN,  ROBERT,  social  reformer,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  May  14,  1771,  in 
North  Wales.  He  endeavored  to  embody 
his  social  reform  principles  in  a  communi 
ty  three  times,  the  last  at  New  Harmony, 
Ind.,  but  they  were  all  unsuccessful.  His 
followers  bore  the  name  of  Owenites,  from 
which  sprang  the  English  Chartists.  He 
died  Nov.  19,  1858,  in  North  Wales. 

OWEN.  ROBERT  DALE,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
9,  1800,  in  Scotland.  In  1835  he  was  cho 
sen  to  the  Indiana  legislature,  and  twice 
re-elected.  In  1843  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Indiana,  and 
re-elected  in  1845.  In  1853  he  was  ap 
pointed  minister  to  Naples.  He  was  ac 
tive  in  political  life,  and  was  an  ardent 
advocate  of  spiritualism.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Outlines  of  the  System  of 
Education  at  New  Lanark;  Moral  Physi 
ology;  Popular  Traits:  Pocahontas,  a 
drama;  Hints  on  Public  Architecture;  The 
Wrong  of  Slavery  and  the  Right  of  Free 
dom;  Footfalls  on  the  Boundary  of  An 
other  World;  Beyond  the  Breakers,  a 
novel;  Threading  my  Way;  and  Debat 
able  Land  between  this  World  and  the 
Next.  He  died  June  17,  1877,  on  Lake 
George,  N.  Y. 


OWEN,     ROBERT    LATHAM,     lawyer, 
politician,  banker,  was  born  Feb.  2.  1856, 
in  Lynchburg,  Va.  He  attended  the  Wash- 
^^^^^^^^^^^      ington  and  Lee  uni- 
^Hj^BB^k          versity  of  Lexington, 
^^^^       Va.;   took  the  debat 
ers'  medal,  the  presi- 
•.       dent's      scholarship; 
was  valedictorian  of 
his  class;  and  in  1877 
received    the    degree 
of    A.    M.     He    then 
taught  school  in  Bal- 
^P^^^.     timore.    and    in    the 
I   Cherokee    Orphan 
/     ^^^<JB9    asylum.      He    edited 
the  Indian  Chieftain; 

was  secretary  of  the  Old  Settlers  of  Cher 
okee;  was  secretary  of  the  board  of  edu 
cation  of  the  Cherokee  nation;  president 
of  the  Indian  International  Fair  associa 
tion;  was  United  States  Indian  agent  to 
the  Cherokees,  Choctaws,  Chickasaws, 
Creeks,  and  Seminoles.  He  served  as 
secretary  of  the  first  bar  association  in 
Indian  territory;  founded  and  became 
president  of  the  First  National  bank  of 
Muskogee  in  1890;  and  was  fiscal  agent  for 
the  Choctaw  nation  with  a  one-million- 
dollar  bond  in  1889.  Mr.  Owen  has  dis 
tinguished  himself  by  diplomatic  services 
rendered  the  Indians  of  the  Indian  terri 
tory;  framed  the  present  school  laws, 
of  the  Cherokee  nation,  and  organized  on 
improved  lines  their  schools. 

OWEN,  SAMUEL  JOSEPH,  farmer, 
journalist,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1867,  near 
Blue  Mountain,  Miss.  He  is  a  successful 
farmer  and  editor  and  publisher  of  The 
Southern  Sentinel  of  Ripley,  Miss.  He 
has  filled  various  offices  of  trust  in  his 
county  and  state;  and  is  prominent  in 
religious  affairs. 

OWEN,  TIMOTHY  S..  educator,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  July  18,  1865,  near  Pey- 
tonsburg,  Ky.  He  obtained  a  common 
school  education  and 
was  engaged  i  n 
I  teaching  in  the  public 
I  schools  of  his  native 
county  for  three 
years.  He  attended 
the  National  Normal 
unhersity  at  Leba 
non,  Ohio;  studied 
law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  by 
the  supreme  court  of 
the  state  of  Ohio  in 
1893.  He  has  built  up 
a  very  lucrative  law  practice  in  Muncie, 
Ind.;  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  repub 
lican  speakers  of  his  section  of  the  coun 
try.  He  was  engaged  in  a  number  of 
joint  discussions  with  the  best  orators 
and  speakers  of  the  democratic  party  and 
advocates  of  free  silver. 

OWEN,  WILLIAM  D.,  clergyman,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1846, 
in  Bloomington,  Ind.  He  entered  the  min 
istry  of  the  Christian  church,  and  re 
moved  to  Logansport  in  1881.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  In 
diana  to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first 
congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  en 
gaged  in  literary  pursuits,  being  the  au 
thor,  among  other  writings,  of  Success  in 
Life;  and  The  Genius  of  Industry. 

OWEN,  WILLIAM  MILLER,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1832,  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio.  He  ser\ed  in  the  confederate 
army  with  the  Washington  artillery  of 
New  Orleans.  In  1890  he  assisted  Mrs. 
Jefferson  Davis  in  the  preparation  of  the 
military  chapters  of  her  Memoir  of  her 
husband.  He  is  the  author  of  In  Camp 
and  Battle  with  the  Washington  Artil 
lery.  He  died  Jan.  10,1893,  in  New  Orleans. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


711 


OWENS,  MRS.  FRANCES  E.,  educator, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  May  4,  1843, 
in  Sidney,  N.  Y.  She  taught  for  eight 
years  in  the  Chicago  public  schools.  She 
is  the  author  of  Mrs.  Owens's  Cook  Book, 
which  has  had  an  extensive  sale  in  the 
United  States.  She  is  also  the  author  of 
a  very  comprehensive  Household  Manual; 
and  is  the  associate  editor  of  The  Chef,  a 
culinary  magazine  of  Chicago. 

OWENS,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  prominent  member 
of  the  Georgia  bar;  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1835  to  1839.  He  died  in  1856,  in  Savan 
nah. 

OWENS,  JAMES  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
24,  1837,  in  Springfield  township,  Ind.  He 
was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  Lick 
ing  county  in  1867,  and  re-elected  in  1869. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  senate  in  1875, 
and  re-elected  in  1877,  and  was  elected 
president  of  the  senate.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-first,  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

OWENS,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  4,  1862,  in  Well  Spring,  Tenn. 
He  attended  the  best  schools;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  able  lawyer  in  Tazewell,  Tenn. 

OWENS,  WILLIAM  CLAIBORNE,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  17,  1849,  in  Scott  county,  Ky.  He 
was  elected  county  attorney  for  Scott  coun 
ty  in  1874,  and  resigned  in  1877.  He  served 
five  terms  in  the  Kentucky  legislature, 
one  term  as  speaker  of  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives.  He  was  democratic  elector 
in  1880  ami  delegate  from  the  state  at 
large  to  the  Chicago  convention  in  1892. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

OWSLEY,  BRYAN  Y.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  repre- 
sentath  e  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1841  to  1843. 

OWSLEY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  in 
1782,  in  Virginia.  He  represented  Gar- 
rard  county  for  several  years  in  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature;  and  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  state  from  1812  to 
1828.  He  removed  to  Boyle  county  in 
1843;  and  was  governor  of  Kentucky  from 
1844  to  1848.  He  died  in  December,  1862, 
in  Danville,  Ky. 

OXENBRIDGE,  JOHN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1609,  in  England. 
He  was  a  popular  preacher,  and  published 
The  Duty  of  Watchfulness;  Election  Ser 
mon;  Seasonable  Seeking  of  God;  and 
Proposition  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  by 
Christian  Colonies  in  Guiana.  He  died 
Dec.  28,  1674,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PABOR,  WILLIAM  EDGAR,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  May  31,  1834,  in 
Harlem,  N.  Y.  In  1870  he  moved  to  Col 
orado;  and  he  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  Greeley,  Colorado  Springs,  and  Fort 
Collins.  In  1888  he  founded  The  Fruita 
Star;  and  was  subsequently  president  of 
the  Colorado  State  Editorial  association. 
He  now  resides  in  Denver;  and  is  a  con 
stant  contributor  of  both  prose  and  verse 
to  periodical  literature. 

PABST,  FREDERICK,  brewer,  was 
born  March  28,  1836,  in  Germany.  He  is 
the  proprietor  of  the  largest  brewery  in 
the  world  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  now 
controls  about  $4,000,000  of  real  estate  in 
Milwaukee  aside  from  the  breweries,  and 
owns  the  Wauwatosa  farm  near  the  city, 
devoted  to  the  breeding  of  Percheron 
horses.  He  is  president  of  the  Wisconsin 
National  bank. 

PACA,  WILLIAM,  signer  of  the  declara 
tion  of  independence,  was  born  Oct.  31, 


1740,  in  Wye  Hall,  Md.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Maryland  legislature  in  1771,  and 
opposed  the  royal  government.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1774  to  1779;  and  was  a  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence.-'He  was  state 
senator  from  1777  to  1779;  chief  justice 
of  the  state  from  1778  to  1780;  and  chief 
judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  and  ad 
miralty  from  1780  to  1782.  He  was  elected 
governor  in  1782  and  1786.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  ratified 
the  constitution  in  1788;  and  was  United 
States  district  judge  from  1789  until  his 
death.  He  died  in  1799. 

PACHECO,  ROMUALDO,  agriculturist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1831,  in  Santo 
Barbara,  Cal.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  California  state  legislature  in  1853; 
and  in  1855  was  elected  county  judge,  and 
sen  ed  four  years.  He  was  a  state  senator 
in  1851,  and  again  in  1861.  He  was  elected 
state  treasurer  in  1863;  and  was  again  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1868.  He  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  in  1871;  and 
became  governor  by  the  election  of  Gov 
ernor  Booth  to  the  United  States  senate. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Cali 
fornia  to  the  forty-fifth  congress,  but  his 
seat  was  successfully  contested;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty- 
seventh  congresses  as  a  republican. 

PACKARD,  ALPHEUS  SPRING,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1798, 
in  Chelmsford,  Mass.  In  1816  he  gradu 
ated  from  Bowdoin 
college,  and  subse 
quently  attained  suc 
cess  in  educational 
work.  During  1819-24 
he  was  a  tutor  in  his 
alma  mater;  during 
1824-65  he  filled  the 
chair  of  Latin  and 
•  Greek  languages; 
and  was  also  college 
librarian.  He  edited 
I  the  works  of  Dr.  Ap- 
pleton  in  two  vol 
umes;  contributed  valuable  papers  on  the 
history  of  the  monument  on  Bunker  Hill 
to  the  Maine  Historical  society;  and  va 
rious  other  papers  to  the  North  American 
Review  and  other  publications.  He  died 
July  13,  1884,  on  Squirrel  Island,  Maine. 

PACKARD,  ALPHEUS  SPRING,  natu 
ralist,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  19, 
1S39,  in  Brunswick,  Maine.  He  is  a  natu 
ralist  of  eminence,  and  professor  of  geol 
ogy  and  zoology  in  Brown  university  since 
1878.  He  is  the  author  of  Zoology;  Life 
Histories  of  Animals,  or  Comparative  Em 
bryology;  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Insects; 
Half-Hours  with  Insects;  Our  Common 
Insects;  Entomology  for  Beginners;  A 
Naturalist  on  the  Labrador  Coast;  and 
Observations  on  the  Glacial  Phenomena 
of  Labrador  and  Maine. 

PACKARD,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  PAR 
SONS  WARE,  reformer,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  1816,  in  Ware,  Mass.  Her 
father  was  the  founder  of  the  town  of  her 
nativity.  She  secured  the  adoption  for 
thirty-four  states  of  laws  for  the  protec 
tion  of  insane  persons;  and  further  se 
cured  in  many  states  legal  recognition  of 
married  women  regarding  their  property. 
She  gave  thirty  years  of  her  life  to  this 
humane  work,  and  expended  fifty  thou 
sand  dollars  in  prosecuting  the  work.  She 
died  in  July,  1895. 

PACKARD,  FREDERICK  ADOLPHUS, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1794,  in  Marl- 
borough,  Mass.  He  was  a  Philadelphia 
writer  and  editor  for  nearly  forty  years 
of  the  publications  of  the  American  Sun 
day  School  union.  He  was  the  author  of 


The  Teacher  Taught;  Life  of  Robert 
Owen;  Visit  to  European  Hospitals;  The 
Teacher  Teaching;  and  Union  Bible  Dic 
tionary.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1867,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

PACKARD,  HEZEKIAH,  soldier,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
6,  1761,  in  North  Bridgewater,  Mass.  He 
originated  the  Bible  society  of  Lincoln 
county,  Maine;  the  Eastern  Evangelical 
society,  which  existed  for  a  few  years; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  trus 
tees  and  overseers  of  Bowdoin  college  for 
more  than  twenty  years.  He  published 
The  Christian's  Manual,  and  numerous 
sermons.  He  died  April  22,  1849,  in  Sa 
lem,  Mass. 

PACKARD,  JASPER,  soldier,  lawyer, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  1, 
1832,  in  Austintown,  Ohio.  He  moved  to 
Laporte,  Ind.,  and  there  edited  the  Union 
newspaper.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  a 
brigadier-general  by  brevet,  for  meri 
torious  services  during  the  war.  In  1866 
he  became  auditor  of  Laporte  county, 
holding  the  office  until  1868,  when  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  forty-first  congress.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-second  and  forty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.  He  is  now  the 
editor  and  owner  of  The  Evening  and 
Weekly  Tribune  of  New  Albany,  Ind. 

PACKARD,  JOHN  HOOKER,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1832,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  surgeon  of  Philadel 
phia,  surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania  hospital 
from  1884;  and  the  author  of  Manual  of 
Minor  Surgery;  Lectures  on  Inflamma 
tion;  Handbook  of  Operative  Surgery; 
and  Sea  Air  and  Sea  Bathing. 

PACKARD,  LEWIS  RICHARD,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1836,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  an  educator 
who  was  professor  of  Greek  at  Yale  uni 
versity  from  1866;  and  author  of  Studies 
in  Greek  Thought.  He  died  Oct.  26,  1884, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

PACKARD,  N.  LUTHER,  clergyman, 
evangelist,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1851,  in 
Brockton,  Mass.  He  graduated  with  hon- 
._ ors  from  the  Wiscon 
sin  State  university, 
and  from  the  Chica 
go  Theological  semi 
nary.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as  an 
eminent  clergyman 
of  the  congregational 
church;  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in 
Nashua,  Ionia,  and 
Buffalo  Center,  Iowa. 
For  ten  years  he  was 
president  of  the 
third  district  of  the  Young  People's  State 
Christian  Endeavor  of  Iowa;  has  also 
been  the  state  superintendent  for  Iowa  of 
the  Iowa  congregational  churches;  and 
also  a  state  evangelist  of  Iowa. 

PACKARD,  SILAS  SADLER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  28,  1826,  in  Cum- 
ington.  Mass.  He  is  an  educator  who 
founded  a  business 
college  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  the  best- 
known  business-col 
lege  man  in  the 
United  States,  and  he 
.  was  very  successful 

,  '-:*Jr  in  promoting  the 
business  educators' 
exhibit  at  the 
World's  Fair.  He  is 
the  author  of  Bryant 
and  Stratton's  Book 
keeping  Series;  Com 
plete  Course  of  Business  Training;  Com 
mercial  Arithmetic;  and  New  Manual  of 
Bookkeeping. 


•-. 


712 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


PACKARD,  SOPHIA  B.,  educator,  was 
born  Jan.  3,  1824,  in  New  Salem,  Mass. 
In  1881  she  opened  a  school  for  women 
and  girls  at  Atlanta,  Ga.  She  died  June 
21,  1891,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

PACKER,  ASA,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  20, 
1806.  in  Groton,  Conn.  He  designed  and 
built  the  Lehigh  Valley  railroad,  as  well 
as  the  railroad  leading  from  Mauch  Chunk 
to  Erie.  He  gave  five  hundred  thousand 
dollars  and  land  to  found  the  Lehigh  uni 
versity.  He  was  elected  to  the  Pennsyl 
vania  state  legislature;  served  as  judge 
of  a  county  court;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1853  to  1857.  In  1875  he  was  appointed 
a  commissioner  to  the  centennial  exhibi 
tion.  He  died  May  17,  1879,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

PACKER,  HORACE  B.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Wells- 
boro.  Pa.  He  was  elected  district  attor 
ney  for  three  years,  and  served  one  year 
by  appointment  just  prior  to  his  election. 
In  1884  he  was  elected  to  the  Pennsylvania 
house  of  representatives,  and  re-elected 
in  1886.  In  1888  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate;  and  was  elected  to  the  flfty- 
flfth  congress  as  a  republican. 

PACKER.  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  March  21, 
1824,  in  Sunbury,  Pa.  He  was  a  district 
attorney  from  1842 
to  1847;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  state 
legislature  in  1850 
and  1851.  He  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  forty- 
first  congress.  He 
served  on  the  com 
mittees  on  banking 
and  currency,  and 
the  interior  depart 
ment;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-second,  forty-third, 
and  forty-fourth  congresses  as  a  republi 
can.  He  served  on  several  important 
committees,  and  as  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  on  post-offices  and  post  roads.  He 
died  July  7,  1891,  in  Sunbury,  Pa. 

PACKER,  WILLIAM  FISHER,  journal 
ist,  state  senator,  governor,  was  born 
April  2,  1807,  in  Howard,  Pa.  He  pub 
lished  the  Lycoming  Gazette  from  1827 
to  1836;  was  canal  commissioner  from 
1839  to  1842;  and  state  auditor  from  1842 
to  1845.  He  was  state  senator  from  1845 
to  1848;  and  then  president  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna  Railroad  company  until  its  con 
solidation  with  the  Northern  Central  Rail 
road  company,  of  which  he  was  director 
until  1858.  He  was  governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1858  to  1861.  He  died  Sept.  27 
1870.  in  Williamsport,  Pa.- 

PADDOCK,  ALGERNON  SIDNEY,  law 
yer,  governor,  United  States  senator,  was 
born   Nov.  9,   1830,  in  Glens  Falls,   N.   Y. 
He     settled     in     Ne 
braska   in  1857;   was 
a  delegate  to  the  na- 
t  i  o  n  a  1     republican 
convention    in    1860; 
and     was    appointed 
secretary  of  Nebras- 
>»  I    ka  territory   in  1861, 

it  «fl^fln    wlli('!l   office  he  held 

I    until    the    admission 
"jfc,  f^M    of  the  state  in  1867. 

jttlf         '^^^H    He  was  a  delegate  to 
j^ff^  ^t^^f    the    Baltimore    con 
vention  of  1864;  was 

a  candidate  for  congress  in  1868;  and  was 
appointed  governor  of  Wyoming  territory 
in  1868,  and  declined  the  office.  He  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  Ne 


braska  for  the  term  commencing  in  1875 
and  ending  in  1881;  and  was  re-elected 
for  term  ending  in  1893.  In  1882-86  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Utah  commission. 
He  died  Oct.  17,  1897,  in  Beatrice,  Neb. 

PADDOCK1;  BENJAMIN  HENRY,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1828,  in 
Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  the  fifth  protest- 
ant  episcopal  bishop  of  Massachusetts 
in  1873-91;  and  the  author  of  Ten  Years 
in  the  Episcopate;  The  First  Century  of 
the  Diocese  of  Massachusetts;  The  Pas 
toral  Relation;  and  The  Foundation  of 
Religious  Belief.  He  died  in  1891. 

PADDOCK,  MRS.  CORNELIA,  author, 
was  born  in  18—.  She  is  the  author  of 
In  the  Toils;  and  The  Fate  of  Madame 
la  Tour,  a  Tale  of  Great  Salt  Lake. 

PADDOCK,  JOHN  ADAMS,  protestant 
episcopal  bishop,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
19,  1825,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  In  1880  he 
was  consecrated  missionary  bishop  of 
Washington  territory.  His  publications 
include  several  occasional  sermons  and 
addresses,  and  a  History  of  Christ  Church 
of  Stratford,  Conn. 

PADELFORD,  SETH,  governor.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Rhode  Island  in  1869, 
and  remained  in  office  until  1875.  He  died 
Aug.  26,  1878,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

PAGE,  CARROLL  SMALLEY,  mer 
chant,  banker,  legislator,  governor,  was 
born  Jan.  10,  1843,  in  Westfield,  Vt.  He 
attended  the  Lamoille  Central  academy 
of  Hyde  Park.  Vt.  In  1869-72  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Vermont  house  of  repre 
sentatives;  in  1874-76  a  member  of  the 
state  senate;  during  1872-88  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  republican  state  committee,  and 
chairman  of  that  committee  in  1886-88. 
During  1890-92  he  served  with  distinction 
as  governor  of  Vermont.  He  is  a  success 
ful  merchant  and  dealer  in  green  calf 
skin,  and  in  that  line  of  business  is  said 
to  be  the  largest  dealer  in  the  world.  He 
is  president  of  the  bank,  and  prominent 
ly  identified  with  various  other  business 
enterprises. 

PAGE,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1840  in  Maine.  He 
is  a  physician  of  Boston;  and  the  author 
of  How  to  Treat  the  Baby;  Natural  Cure 
of  Consumption;  Horses:  their  Feed  and 
Feet;  and  Pneumonia  and  Typhoid  Fever. 

PAGE,  CHARLES  GRAFTON,  public 
official,  author,  was.  born  Jan.  25,  1812,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  was  an  examiner  in  the 
patent  office  at  Washington  from  1840, 
who  published  Psychomancy,  Spirit  Rap- 
pings,  and  Table  Tippings  Exposed.  He 
died  May  5,  1868,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

PAGE,  CHARLES  HARRISON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  July  19,  1843,  in  Gloucester,  R.  I. 
In  1872  he  was  admitted  to  the  Rhode  Is 
land  bar,  and  has  practiced  his  profession 
since  in  Providence.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  house  of  representatives  in  1872 
and  1873  from  his  native  place;  and  in 
1874  was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  and 
re-elected  in  1875,  1884,  1885,  and  1890. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  at  a  special  election. 

PAGE,  CHARLES  HARRISON,  JR., 
lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  26, 
1870,  in  Scituate,  R.  I.  He  practices  law 
in  his  native  city;  and  since  1895  has 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island 
state  senate. 

PAGE,  DAVID  PERKINS,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  4,  1810,  in  Epping, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  prominent  educator  of 
Albany;  and  the  author  of  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Teaching,  which  was  long  pop 
ular.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1848,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 


PAGE,  EMILY  REBECCA,  poet,  was 
born  May  5,  1834,  in  Bradford,  Vt.  She 
was  a  poet  of  Vermont  whose  work,  which 
enjoyed  local  fame,  is  included  in  the  vol 
ume,  Lily  of  the  Valley.  She  died  Feb. 
14,  1862,  in  Chelsea.  Mass. 

PAGE,  HENRY  C.,  journalist,  was  born 
April  1,  1833,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  This  well- 
known  journalist  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Bayonne  Herald;  and  has  been 
president  of  the  Editorial  Press  associa 
tion  of  New  Jersey. 

PAGE,  HORACE  FRANCIS,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1833,  in  Orleans 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  forty-third  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fourth,  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

PAGE,  JEFFERSON  G.,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  March  10,  1836,  in 
Wilson  county,  Tenn.  In  1862  he  enlisted 
in  company  A,  eighth 
regiment  Kentucky 
cavalry;  and  was 
subsequently  com 
missioned  hospital 
steward.  He  is  now 
a  successful  physi 
cian  of  Doniphan, 
Mo.  In  1895  he  was 
elected  vice  -  presi 
dent  of  the  National 
league  for  Missouri'; 
has  been  a  delegate 
to  numerous  medical 
congresses  and  has  contributed  valuable 
articles  to  medical  literature. 

PAGE,  JOHN,  soldier,  congressman, 
governor,  author,  was  born  April  17,  1743, 
in  Rosewell,  Va.  He  was  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Virginia.  He  commanded  a  mili 
tia  regiment  during  the  British  invasion; 
and  was  one  of  the  first  representatives  to 
congress  from  Virginia,  serving  from  1789 
to  1797.  He  was  presidential  elector  in 
1800;  and  governor  of  the  state  from 
1802  to  1805.  He  published  addresses  to 
the  people  in  1796  to  1799;  and  was 
commissioner  of  loans  for  Virginia  from 
1806  until  his  death.  He  died  Oct.  11,  1808, 
in  Richmond.  Va. 

PAGE,  JOHN,  agriculturist,  state  legis 
lator,  United  States  senator,  governor, 
was  born  May  21,  1787,  in  Haverhill,  N.  H. 
He  served  in  the  New  Hampshire  legisla 
ture  in  1818,  1819,  1820,  and  1835;  and  in 
1836  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  execu 
tive  council,  and  again  in  1838.  During 
the  intervening  year,  1837,  he  served  as  a 
senator  in  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He 
was  governor  of  New  Hampshire  from 
1839  to  1842.  He  died  Sept.  8,  1865,  in 
Concord,  N.  H. 

PAGE,  JOHN  B..  governor,  was  born  in 
1826,  in  Rutland,  Vt.  He  was  governor  of 
that  state  from  1867  to  1869.  He  died  Oct. 
24,  1885. 

PAGE,  JULIAETTE  NASH,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  July  2,  1819,  in  Sherburne, 
N.  Y.  She  taught  private  scholars  in  mu 
sic,  French,  and  intellectual  and  moral 
sciences.  In  1846  she  was  married  to  Gen 
eral  C.  W.  Page,  and  was  left  a  widow 
in  1870.  Her  son,  Charles  F.  N.  Page,  is 
the  editor  of  The  Western  Gardener  of 
Des  Moines,  Iowa,  where  he  is  a  promi 
nent  seed  merchant. 

PAGE,  MANN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1749,  in  Rosewell,  Va.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  Virginia  to  the  continental  con 
gress  in  1777.  He  died  near  Fredericks- 
burg,  Va. 

PAGE,  OLIN  W.  WINFIELD.  poet.  He 
is  a  poet  of  rare  excellence,  and  well- 
known  throughout  New  England.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  published  volume  of  col 
lected  poems,  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  current  literature. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


713 


PAGE,  RICHARD  CHANNING  MOORE, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1841, 
in  Keswick,  Va.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  the  confederate  army.  He  en 
tered  as  a  private;  was  severely  wounded 
at  Gettysburg;  and  in  1864  was  made 
chief  of  artillery  for  the  department  of 
southwest  Virginia  and  East  Tennessee  on 
the  staff  of  General  John  C.  Breckinridge. 
Since  1868  he  has  practiced  medicine  in 
the  city  of  New  York;  has  been  house 
physician  at  Bellevue  hospital,  and  house 
surgeon  in  the  Woman's  hospital.  Since 

1886  he  has  been  professor  of  the  diseases 
of  the  chest  and  general  medicine  in  the 
New  York  Polyclinic.     He  is   the   author 
of  A  Practice  of  Medicine;    Page's  Physi 
cal  Diagnosis;    Chart  of  Physical  Science; 
and  numerous  pamphlets  on  medical  sub 
jects.    He  is  also  the  author  of  a  Genealo 
gy  of  the  Page  Family  in  Virginia. 

PAGE,  ROBERT,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1764,  in  North  End,  Va.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1799  to  1801.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1840,  in 
Virginia. 

PAGE,  SHERMAN,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Con 
necticut.  He  served  in  the  assembly  of 
New  York  from  Otsego  county  in  1827; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1833  to  1837.  He  was  also 
judge  of  the  common  pleas  in  Otsego  coun 
ty.  He  died  in  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 

PAGE,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1808,  in  Shelby, 
Va.  He  was  a  naval  officer  in  the  service 
of  the  southern  confederacy  in  1861-62; 
and  the  author  of  La  Plata,  the  Argentine 
Confederation,  and  Paraguay. 

PAGE,  THOMAS  NELSON,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  23,  1853,  in  Oakland, 
Va.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Richmond,  Va., 
whose  studies  of  southern  life  are  nota 
ble  for  a  singular  charm  of  style.  He  is 
the  author  of  In  Old  Virginia;  Two  Little 
Confederates;  On  Newfound  River;  Els- 
ket,  and  Other  Stories;  The  Old  South; 
Pastime  Stories;  Essays,  Social  and  Po 
litical;  Unc'  Edinburg,  a  Plantation  Echo; 
The  Burial  of  the  Guns;  Polly;  Among 
the  Camps;  Meh  Lady;  Marse  Chan;  and 
Befo'  de  War. 

PAGE,  WALTER  HINES.  journalist, 
was  born  Aug.  15,  1855,  in  Cary,  N.  C.  In 

1887  he  became  manager  and  stockholder 
of  the  Forum,  one  of  the  most  important 
high-class  periodicals  in  the  United  States; 
and  in  1891  he  became  its  editor. 

PAGE,  WILLIAM  BYRD,  surgeon,  edu 
cator,  was  born  May  19,  1817,  in  Page- 
brook,  Va.  He  was  for  many  years  pro 
fessor  of  surgery  in  Pennsylvania  Medi 
cal  college,  and  surgeon  to  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Institution  for  the  Blind.  He  died 
Feb.  18,  1877,  in  Philadelphia. 

PAIGE,  ALLEN  WALLACE,  legislator, 
was  born  Feb.  28,  1855,  in  Sherman,  Conn. 
He  is  the  senior  partner  of  the  firm  of 
Paige  and  Carroll,  one  of  the  most  success 
ful  law  firms  in  Bridgeport,  Conn.  In 
1882  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  lower 
house  of  the  general  assembly,  and  in  1890 
was  returned  to  the  house  from  the  town 
of  Huntington. 

PAIGE.  ALONZO  CHRISTOPHER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  author,  was  born 
July  31,  1797,  in  Schaghticoke,  N.  Y.  He 
was  sent  to  the  New  York  legislature  in 
1826,  and  sened  for  four  years.  In  1837-42 
he  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  On 
the  introduction  of  the  elective  judiciary 
system  in  1847  he  was  chosen  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court,  and  served  for  four 
years.  He  compiled  eleven  volumes  of  Re 
ports  of  Cases  in  the  Court  of  Chancery, 
four  of  which  he  re\  ised  and  annotated  in 
1856-57.  He  died  March  31,  1868,  in  Schen- 
«ctady,  N.  Y. 


PAIGE,  CHARLES  L.,  poet,  was  born 
Dec.  9,  1859,  in  Pontiac,  111.  Since  1873 
he  has  lived  in  Shasta,  Cal.,  and  has 
served  as  postmast 
er,  telegraph  opera 
tor,  and  been  a  suc 
cessful  merchant.  He 
is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  en 
titled  The  White 
Shoshone;  and  other 
works.  He  is  also  a 
constant  contributor 
of  both  prose  and 
verse  to  current  pub 
lications;  and  his  po 
ems  have  been  given 
;i  place  in  several  standard  collections. 

PAIGE,  DAVID  RAYMOND,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  April  8,  1844,  in 
Madison,  Ohio.  He  engaged  in  the  hard 
ware  business  in  Akron,  Ohio;  and  was 
elected  treasurer  of  Summit  county  in 
1874,  and  re-elected  in  1876.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PAIGE,  LUCIUS  ROBINSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  8,  1802,  in 
Hardwick.  Mass.  He  was  a  universalist 
clergyman  who  retired  from  the  ministry 
in  1839,  and  subsequently  filled  several  of 
fices  of  trust  in  Cambridge.  He  was  the 
author  of  Commentary  on  the  New  Testa 
ment;  History  of  Cambridge,  1630-1877, 
with  Genealogical  Register;  and  History 
of  Hardwick,  Massachusetts.  He  died  in 
1896. 

PAINE,  ALBERT  WARE,  lawyer,  was 
born  Aug.  16,  1812,  in  Winslow,  Maine. 
He  has  practiced  law  for  sixty-two  years 
continuously.  In  the  state  of  Maine  he 
has  been  bank  and  insurance  examiner, 
insurance  commissioner,  tax  commission 
er,  president  of  Maine  Telegraph  com 
pany,  and  president  of  the  Penobscot  bar. 
He  is  the  author  of  Paine  Genealogy  and 
New  Philosophy,  and  has  contributed  ex- 
tensnely  to  current  publications. 

PAINE,  CHARLES,  manufacturer,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  April  15,  1799,  in  Wil- 
liamstown,  Vt.  He  was  a  liberal  patron 
of  the  university  of  Vermont  and  the 
Northfield  academy;  and  was  governor  of 
the  state  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died  July 
6,  1853,  in  Waco,  Texas. 

PAINE,  CHARLES  JACKSON,  soldier, 
was  born  Aug.  26,  1833,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  served  with  distinction  through  the 
civil  war,  and  attained  the  brevet  of  ma 
jor-general  of  \  olunteers.  He  has  taken 
much  interest  in  yachting;  and  was  one 
of  the  builders  of  the  Puritan;  and  in 
1886-87  built  alone  Mayflower. 

PAINE,  ELEAZAR  A.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1815, 
in  Parkman,  Ohio.  He  served  in  the  Illi 
nois  state  legislature  in  1852-53.  He  served 
with  distinction  through  the  civil  war, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1882, 
in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

PAINE,  ELIJAH,  lawyer.  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1757,  in  Brook 
lyn,  Conn.  In  1787  he  was  elected  to  the 
Vermont  state  legislature,  and  so  con 
tinued  until  1791,  when  he  .was  appointed 
judge  of  the  supreme  court.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  Dartmouth  college;  president 
of  the  Vermont  Colonization  society;  and 
a  pecuniary  benefactor  of  the  university 
of  Vermont.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Vermont  from  1795  to  1801; 
and  in  1801  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
district  court  of  Vermont,  which  office  he 
held  until  within  a  month  of  his  death, 
when  he  resigned.  He  died  April  28,  1842, 
in  Williamstown,  Vt. 


PAINE,  ELIJAH,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  April  10,  1796,  in  Williamstown, 
Vt.  He  was  a  jurist  and  legal  writer  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Paine's 
Reports;  and  Practice  in  Civil  Actions 
and  Proceedings  in  the  State  of  New  York. 
He  died  Oct.  6,  1853,  in  New  York  city. 

PAINE,  EPHRAIM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  New  York  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1784  and  1785. 

PAINE,  HALBERT  E.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1826, 
in  Chardon,  Ohio.  He  entered  the  army 
in  1861  as  colonel  of  the  fourth  Wisconsin 
regiment;  and  was  bre vetted  a  major- 
general  in  1865.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses  as  a  re 
publican.  He  is  the  author  of  a  Treatise 
on  the  Law  of  Elections  to  Public  Offices. 

PAINE,  HARRIET  ELIZA,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  18 — ,  in  Massachu 
setts.  She  is  a  Boston  educator;  and  the 
author  of  Girls  and  Women,  a  helpful 
book  for  girls. 

PAINE,  HORACE  MARSHFIELD,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1827,  in 
Paris,  N.  Y.  He  began  to  practice  as  a 
homceopathist  in  Albany,  where  he  has 
continued,  with  the  exception  of  the  years 
1855-65,  when  he  was  in  Clinton,  N.  Y. 
He  was  an  editor  of  the  Medical  Union  of 
New  York  in  1873-74;  and  is  the  author 
of  many  contributions  to  medical  litera 
ture. 

PAINE,  JOHN  ALSOP,  archaeologist, 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1840,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
In  1872  he  was  appointed  archaeologist  to 
the  first  expedition  that  was  sent  by  the 
Palestine  Exploration  society  to  regions 
east  of  the  Jordan  and  the  Dead  sea.  In 
1873  he  discovered  and  deciphered  one 
Roman  and  two  Greek  inscriptions  near 
Beirut,  Syria,  the  chief  one  of  which,  in 
Greek,  he  made  the  subject  of  a  special 
report,  and  it  was  published  in  the  Second 
Statement  of  the  society. 

PAINE,  JOHN  KNOWLES,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1839,  in  Port 
land,  Maine.  He  has  given  organ  con 
certs  in  Europe  and  America;  and  many 
of  his  orchestral  works  have  been  per 
formed  in  the  principal  cities  of  the 
United  States.  His  first  symphony  was 
brought  out  by  Theodore  Thomas  in  1876. 
He  composed  the  centennial  hymn  to  the 
words  of  John  G.  Whittier  that  was  sung 
at  the  opening  of  the  exhibition  in  Phila 
delphia  in  1876.  He  is  ranked  among  the 
foremost  living  composers. 

PAINE,  LEVI  LEONARD,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1848, 
in  Holbrook,  Mass.  He  is  professor  of 
ecclesiastical  history  in  the  Bangor  Theo 
logical  seminary;  and  a  congregational 
clergyman  well  known  throughout  the 
United  States.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  sermons  and  addresses,  and 
has  contributed  various  articles  to  relig 
ious  journals. 

PAINE,  MARTYN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  July  8,  1794,  in  Williamstown, 
Vt.  He  was  a  physician  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Medical  and 
Physiological  Commentaries;  Institutes 
of  Medicine;  The  Cholera  Asphyxia  of 
New  York  (1832);  Physiology  of  Diges 
tion;  Physiology  of  the  Soul  and  In 
stinct  as  Distinguished  from  Materialism; 
Review  of  Theoretical  Geology;  The 
Philosophy  of  Vitality;  Defense  of  the 
Medical  Profession  of  the  United  States; 
A  Therapeutical  Arrangement  of  Materia 
Medica;  and  Organic  Life  Distinguished 
from  Chemical  and  Physical  Doctrines.  He 
died  Nov.  10,  1877,  in  New  York  city. 


714 


HEKRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


PAINE,  ROBERT,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  12,  1799,  in  Parson  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  a  prominent  methodist  bishop 
whose  Life  and  Times  of  Bishop  McKen- 
dree  was  once  a  popular  biography.  He 
died  Oct.  20,  1882,  in  Aberdeen,  Miss. 

PAINE,  ROBERT  T.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1855  to  1857. 

PAINE,  ROBERT  TREAT,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
March  11,  1731,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1773 
he  was  a  representative  in  the  Massachu 
setts  legislature;  and  was  a  delegate  to 
the  provincial  congress  from  1774  to  1775. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1774  to  1778,  and  a  signer  of 
the  declaration  of  independence.  In  1776 
he  was  one  of  the  deputies  sent  by  con 
gress  to  visit  the  army  of  Schuyler  in  the 
north.  He  was  speaker  of  the  house  of 
representatives  of  the  state  in  1777.  He 
was  attorney-general  of  Massachusetts, 
and  a  member  of  the  executive  council. 
He  was  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state  from  1790  to  1804;  and  was  founder 
of  the  American  academy  of  Massachu 
setts  in  1780.  He  died  May  11,  1814,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

PAINE,  ROBERT  TREAT,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  9,  1773,  in  Taunton,  Mass. 
He  was  once  a  noted  poet  of  Boston  whose 
spiriteu  song,  Adams  and  Liberty,  has 
preserved  his  memory.  He  gave  up  his 
profession  of  law  for  literary  pursuits, 
and  received  large  sums  for  his  poems, 
among  which  are,  The  Invention  of  Let 
ters,  and  The  Ruling  Passion.  His  work 
was  stilted  and  conventional,  with  the 
exception  of  the  song  named  above.  His 
collected  Verse  and  Prose,  edited  by  Pren- 
tiss,  appeared  in  1812.  He  died  Nov.  13, 
1811,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PAINE,  THOMAS,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  29,  1737,  in  England.  He  was  a  cele 
brated  political  and  deistical  writer  of 
English  birth  who 
came  to  America  in 
1774,  and  in  1776  is- 
8  u  e  d  his  famous 
pamphlet,  Common 
Sense,  which  was  of 
great  service  to  the 
I  American  cause.  In 
I  the  American  Crisis, 
published  in  num 
bers,  1776-83,  he  con 
tinued  his  defense  of 
America.  His  other 
works  include,  The 
Rights  of  Man,  a  reply  to  Burke's  Re 
flections  on  the  French  Revolution;  and 
The  Age  of  Reason.  He  died  June  8,  1809, 
in  New  York. 

PAINE,  TIMOTHY  OTIS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1824,  in  Win- 
slow,  Maine.  He  was  a  Swedenborgian 
clergyman  of  Elmwood,  Mass.;  and  the 
author  of  Solomon's  Temple  and  Capitol 
and  Idolatrous  High  Places.  He  died  in 
1895. 

PAINE,  WILLIAM,  physician,  journal 
ist,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1821,  in 
Chesterfield,  Mass.  He  became  professor 
of  the  principles  and  practice  of  medicine 
and  pathology  in  the  Eclectic  Medical  col 
lege  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Philadelphia;  and 
became  editor  of  the  Eclectic  Medical 
Journal  in  that  city,  and  of  the  Univer 
sity  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 
He  is  the  author  of  Epitome  of  the  Ameri 
can  Eclectic  Practice  of  Medicine;  Ameri 
can  Eclectic  Practice  of  Surgery,  Obstet 
rics,  and  DiseasesofWomenandChildren; 
and  The  Domestic  Practice  of  Medicine. 


PAINE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
was  born  Feb.  23,  1863,  in  Milan,  N.  H. 
He  received  a  liberal  education,  and  grad 
uated  from  the  Harvard  Law  school.  He 
has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace;  has 
been  solicitor  for  Rockingham  county,  N. 
H.;  and  for  six  years  was  a  member  of 
the  school  board  of  Newmarket,  N.  H.  He 
has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  Berlin,  N.  H. 

PAINTER,  GAMALIEL,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  May  22,  1743,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  In  1773  he  erected  the  first 
house  in  Middlebury,  Vt.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  convention  that  declared  the 
independence  of  Vermont  in  1777.  He 
was  a  state  representathe;  judge  of  the 
county  court,  and  councilor  in  1813  and 
1814;  and  a  member  of  the  first  constitu 
tional  convention  of  Vermont  in  1793.  He 
was  principal  founder  of  Middlebury  col 
lege,  to  which,  at  his  death,  he  left  a 
bequest  of  about  ten  thousand  dollars.  He 
died  May  22,  1819,  in  Middlebury,  Vt. 

PALEN,  JOSEPH  G.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  appoint 
ed  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  for 
the  territory  of  New  Mexico.  He  died 
Dec.  21,  1875,  in  Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 

PALEN,  RUFUS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1839  to  1841. 

PALENSKE,  LOUIS,  merchant,  banker, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1858,  in 
Kansas.  He  is  a  successful  merchant  of 
Alma,  Kan.;  and  president  of  the  Alma 
National  bank.  In  1897  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  legislature, 
and  has  always  taken  great  interest  in 
educational  legislation. 

PALFREY,  FRANCIS  WINTHROP, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  April  11,  1831,  in 
Boston.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  federal 
army  during  the  civil  war,  and  from  1872 
register  of  bankruptcy  in  Boston.  He  was 
the  author  of  Antietam  and  Fredericks- 
burg;  and  Memoir  of  William  Francis 
Bartlett.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1889,  in  France. 

PALFREY,  JOHN  CARVER,  soldier, 
banker,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
25,  1833,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was 
brevetted  major,  lieutenant-colonel,  colo 
nel,  and  brigadier-general,  United  States 
army,  in  1865.  He  became  overseer  of  the 
Thayer  School  of  Civil  Engineering  in 
Dartmouth  in  1868,  and  is  a  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Webster  bank  in  Boston. 

PALFREY,  JOHN  GORHAM,  educator, 
journalist,  clergyman,  congressman,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  May  2,  1796,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  ordained  a  unita- 
rian  preacher  in  1818;  was  subsequently, 
for  a  number  of  years,  editor  of  the  North 
American  Review;  was  professor  of  sa 
cred  literature  in  Harvard  college  from 
1830  to  1838.  During  the  years  1842  and 
1847  he  was  a  member  of  the  general 
court;  and  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
commonwealth  of  Massachusetts.  He  was 
a  member  of  congress  from  1847  to  1849. 
In  1861  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of 
Boston.  His  literary  reputation  rests  up 
on  his  History  of  New  England,  a  pains 
taking  work.  Other  works  by  him  are, 
Lectures  on  the  Jewish  Scriptures;  and 
The  Relation  between  Judaism  and  Chris 
tianity.  He  died  April  26,  1881,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

PALFREY,  SARAH  HAMMOND,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1823,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  She  is  a  novelist  and  poet  of 
Cambridge.  Her  work  in  verse  comprises 
Prfemices;  Sir  Pavon  and  St.  Pavon;  The 
Chapel;  The  Blossoming  Rod;  and  Agnes 
Wentworth.  In  fiction  she  has  published 
Katharine  Morne;  and  Herman,  or  Young 
Knighthood. 


PALFREY,  WARWICK,  journalist,, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  in  1787, 
in  Salem,  Mass.  He  began  his  appren 
ticeship  in  the  Essex  Register  office  in 
1801,  and  was  its  editor  from  1805  till  his 
death.  He  was  a  member  of  the  city 
council  of  Salem,  and  of  both  branches  of 
the  Massachusetts  legislature  for  several 
years.  He  was  the  author  of  Evangelical 
Psalms.  He  died  Aug.  23,  1838,  in  Salem, 
Mass. 

FALLEN,  MONTROSE  ANDERSON, 
educator,  inventor,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
2,  1836,  in  Vicksburg,  Mass.  In  1883  he 
assisted  in  forming  the  Post-Graduate 
Medical  college  in  New  York  city.  He 
has  written  much  for  medical  periodicals, 
and  published  Abnormalities  of  Vision 
and  Ophthalmoscope;  Uterine  Abnormali 
ties;  Prophylaxis  of  Pregnancy;  and 
Dysmenorrhoea. 

PALMER,  AARON,  educator,  writer, 
was  born  Dec.  26,  1860,  in  Mount  Carroll, 
111.  He  has  attained  success  in  educa 
tional  work;  in  1888-89  was  superintend 
ent  of  schools  at  Savanna,  and  has  since 
been  superintendent  of  schools  in  Oxford 
Junction  and  Anamosa,Iowa.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  the  periodical 
press  on  educational  and  other  topics. 

PALMER,  ALBERT  GALLATIN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  11.. 
1813,  in  North  Stonington,  Conn.  He 
has  spent  his  ministerial  life  in  preaching 
to  the  baptist  church  in  Stonington  bor 
ough,  Conn.  Besides  a  large  number  of 
published  sermons,  he  is  the  author  of 
an  Historical  Discourse;  and  many  po 
ems,  among  them  a  translation  of  the  Dies 
Irae.  He  has  issued  a  collection  of  these, 
with  the  title  Psalms  of  Faith  and  Songs 
of  Life. 

PALMER,  ALBERT  MARSHMAN,  the 
ater-manager,  was  born  July  27,  1838,  in 
North  Stonington,  Conn.  He  served  as  li 
brarian  of  the  Mercantile  library  in  New 
York  city.  In  June,  1872,  he  assumed  the 
management  of  the  Union  Square  theater 
in  New  York,  and  continued  there  until 
1882;  and  in  1884  assumed  control  of  the 
Madison  Square  theater  in  New  York.  He 
is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Actors' 
fund  of  America,  and  is  now  its  presi 
dent. 

PALMER,  ALICE  ELVIRA,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1855, 
in  Colesville,  N.  Y.  In  1879  she  was  ap 
pointed  professor  in  history  in  the  Welles- 
ley  college;  and  in  1882  she  became  presi 
dent  of  that  college. 

PALMER,  ALONZO  BENJAMIN,  educa 
tor,  physician,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6, 
1815,  in  Richfield,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  physi 
cian  who  was  medical  professor  in  the 
university  of  Michigan  in  1852;  and  the 
author  of  Homoeopathy.  What  Is  It?;  The 
Treatment  of  the  Science  and  Practice  of 
Medicine;  EpidemicCholera;  Temperance 
Teachings  of  Science;  and  Diarrhoea  and 
Dysentery.  He  died  Dec.  23,  1887,  in  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich. 

PALMER,  MRS.  ANNA  [CAMPBELL], 
author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1854,  in 
Elmira,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  writer  of  Elmira, 
N.  Y.;  and  the  author  of  The  Summer- 
ville  Prize;  Little  Brown  Seed;  Lally 
Gay;  Lally  Gay  and  her  Sister;  and  Ver 
ses  from  a  Mother's  Corner. 

PALMER,  ANTHONY,  governor,  was 
born  in  England.  He  was  a  justice  of  the 
peace  and  of  the  county  courts  of  Phila 
delphia  county  from  1718  until  1732,  and 
for  several  years  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas.  He  was  colonial 
governor  for  many  years.  He  died  in 
May,  1749,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


715- 


PALMER,  BENJAMIN  MORGAN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1781,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  pastor  for  several 
years  of  the  presbyterian  church  in  Beau 
fort,  S.  C.,  and  from  1817  till  1835  of  a 
church  in  Charleston.  In  addition  to 
numerous  sermons  he  published  The 
Family  Companion.  He  died  Oct.  9,  1847, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

PALMER,  BENJAMIN  MORGAN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1818,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
minister  of  New  Orleans;  and  the  author 
of  Life  and  Letters  of  James  Thorn  well; 
Sermons;  The  Family  in  its  Civil  and 
Churchly  Aspects;  Formation  of  Charac 
ter;  The  Broken  Home;  and  Theology  of 
Prayer. 

PALMER,  BERIAH,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
served  four  years  in  the  assembly  of  New 
York  from  Saratoga  county;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1803  to 
1805. 

PALMER,  C.  S.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Nov. 
2,  1844,  in  Underbill,  Vt.  In  1876  and  1877 
he  was  state's  attorney  for  Chittenden 
county,  Vt.,  and  in  1880  and  1881  was  a 
representative  in  the  Vermont  legisla 
ture.  In  1882  he  was  appointed  assistant 
United  States  attorney  for  the  territory 
of  Dakota;  and  in  1883  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  territorial  board  of  tax 
commissioners.  In  1884  he  was  appointed 
an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  territory  of  Dakota.  He  was  judge 
advocate  general  for  Dakota  for  the  year 
1885. 

PALMER,  CHARLES  JAMES,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1854,  in 
Fairfleld,  Maine.  He  has  filled  pastor 
ates  in  Bangor,  Maine,  and  Lanesboro. 
Mass.;  and  is  the  author  of  a  History  of 
Lanesboro,  Lenox  and  Otis,  Mass. 

PALMER,  COURTLANDT,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  25,  1843,  in  New 
York  city.  He  established  the  Nineteenth 
Century  club  of  New  York  city  in  1880, 
and  as  the  president  of  that  organization 
delivered  many  addresses  and  contribut 
ed  largely  to  the  literature  of  free 
thought.  He  died  July  23,  1888,  at  Lake 
Dunmore,  Vt. 

PALMER,  ELIHU,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1764  in  Canterbury,  Conn. 
He  was  a  writer  of  New  York  city  who 
was  in  his  early  career  a  congregational 
minister,  but  became  a  deist  and  a  poli 
tical  agitator.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Principles  of  Nature;  and  Prospect 
or  View  of  the  Moral  World  from  1804. 
He  died  April  7,  1806  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

PALMER,  FANNY  PURDY,  public  offi 
cial,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  11,  1839, 
in  New  York  city.  She  is  auditor  of  the 
general  federation 
of  women's  clubs; 
president  of  the 
Short  Story  club  of 
Providence,  R.  I., 
and  identified.  in 
various  other  ways 
with  women's  club 
interests.  She  has 
served  several  terms 
on  the  school  com 
mittee  of  Provi 
dence;  has  been  a 
member  of  the  board 
of  visitors  to  state  institutions  where 
women  are  imprisoned;  and  in  1894  was 
appointed  state  inspector  of  factories  and 
workshops,  which  involves  a  great  deal 
of  important  public  work.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  Dead  Level,  and  Other  Epi 
sodes,  and  a  volume  of  poems. 


PALMER,  FRANCIS  WAYLAND, 
journalist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  11,  1827,  in  Manchester, 
Ind.  He  worked  as  a  journeyman  printer 
in  New  York  city;  and  was  for  ten  years 
the  publisher  and  editor  of  the  James 
town  Journal,  in  Chautauqua  county.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assem 
bly  in  1853  and  1854.  He  moved  to  Iowa 
in  1858,  and  became  editor  and  part  own 
er  of  the  Dubuque  Times.  In  1860  he  was 
elected  printer  for  the  state,  holding  the 
office  eight  years.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
forty-first  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-second  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

PALMER,  GEORGE  HERBERT,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  16^-  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  professor  of  natural  re 
ligion,  moral  philosophy,  and  civil  polity 
at  Harvard  university.  He  has  pub 
lished  The  New  Education,  and  an  Eng 
lish  translation  of  the  Odyssey  in  rhyth 
mic  prose. 

PALMER,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1818,  in 
Hoosick,  N.  Y.  He  was  surrogate  of  Clin 
ton  county  from  1843  to  1847;  and  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  thirty-fifth  congress 
from  New  York.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-sixth  congress.  In  1866  he  was 
appointed  a  judge  of  the  mixed  court  at 
Sierra  Leone,  under  the  treaty  with  Great 
Britain  for  the  more  effectual  suppression 
of  the  slave  trade. 

PALMER,  MRS.  HENRIETTA  [LEE], 
author,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1834,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  She  is  the  author  of  The  Strat 
ford  Gallery,  or  the  Shakespeare  Sister 
hood;  Home  Life  in  the  Bible;  and  The 
Heroines  of  Shakespeare. 

PALMER,  HENRY  E.,  soldier,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  July  31,  1841,  in  Madison, 
Ohio.  He  was  the  first  white  settler  in 
the  Big  Horn  mountain  region  of  Wyo 
ming,  and  was  captured  by  the  Indians 
and  kept  a  prisoner  three  weeks.  For 
twenty  years  he  has  been  in  the  business 
of  general  insurance,  and  has  become 
prominent  in  various  societies. 

PALMER,  HORATIO  RICHMOND,  mu 
sician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1834,  in 
Sherburne,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of 
Elements  of  Musical  Composition;  and 
Theory  of  Music. 

PALMER,  INNIS  NEWTON,  soldier, 
was  born  March  30,  1824,  in  Buffalo,  N. 
Y.  He  was  brigadier-general  in  the  union 
army  at  Fair  Oaks  and  Malvern  Hill. 

PALMER,  JAMES  SHEDDEN,  naval 
officer,  was  born  in  1810  in  New  Jersey. 
He  served  in  the  United  States  navy  dur 
ing  the  civil  war;  and  for  meritorious 
services  received  the  rank  of  rear  admiral. 
He  died  Dec.  7,  1867. 

PALMER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1785  in  Hoosick, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  from  New  York  a 
representative  to  congress  in  1817,  but 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term  was 
chosen  district  attorney  for  Clinton  coun 
ty,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until  1831. 
During  that  year  he  was  made  the  first 
judge  of  said  county,  and  held  the  office 
until  1836.  He  was  again  elected  to  con 
gress  in  1837,  and  served  one  term.  He 
died  Dec.  8,  1840,  in  the  West  Indies. 

PALMER,  JOHN  McAULEY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  13,  1817,  in  Scott  county,  Ky. 
In  1843  he  was  elected  probate  judge  of 
Macoupin  county,  111.;  in  1847  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  convention  to  amend  the 
state  constitution;  in  1848  was  re-elected 


probate  judge,  and  in  November  of  the 
same  year  waa  elected  county  judge, 
which  office  he  held  until  1852,  when  he 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  and  was  elected  again  in  1854. 
In  1859  he  was  a  candidate  for  congress. 
In  1861  he  was  elected  colonel  of  the 
fourteenth  regiment  of  Illinois  infantry; 
was  promoted  to  brigadier-general  of  vol 
unteers;  and  was  promoted  to  major-gen 
eral  of  volunteers.  He  removed  to  Spring 
field  in  1867;  and  was  elected  governor  of 
Illinois  in  1868.  In  1890  he  was  elected 
United  States  senator. 

PALMER,  JOHN  WILLIAMSON,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  April  4,  1825,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  physician  and 
writer  of  Baltimore  and  subsequently  of 
New  York  city.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Queen's  Heart:  a  Comedy;  The  Beauties 
and  Curiosities  of  Engraving;  After  His 
Kind,  a  novel;  The  Golden  Dragon,  or  Up 
end  Down  the  Irrawaddi;  and  The  New 
and  the  Old,  or  California  and  India.  He 
died  in  1896. 

PALMER,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1718  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  provincial  con 
gress  in  1777.  In  1777  he  was  appointed 
brigadier-general  commanding  the  Mas 
sachusetts  militia  in  the  defense  of  Rhode 
Island.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1788,  in  Rox- 
bury,  Mass. 

PALMER,  JULIUS  AUBOINEAU,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1840  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  the  author  of  About  Mushrooms; 
Memories  of  Hawaii;  One  Voyage  and  its. 
Consequences;  Mushrooms  of  America; 
and  Again  in  Hawaii. 

PALMER,   MINNIE,   actress,   was  born 

March  3,  1865,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She 

has  attained  a  national  reputation  as  a 
successful  actress. 

PALMER,  MRS.  PHCEBE  WORRELL, 
evangelist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1807, 
in  New  York  city.  She  was  a  Wesleyan 
evangelist  of  New  York  city,  whose 
writing  is  mainly  concerned  with  the 
doctrine  of  perfection.  She  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Way  of  Holiness;  Entire  De 
votion;  Faith  and  its  Effect;  Promises  of 
the  Father;  Four  Years  in  the  Old  World; 
and  Pioneer  Experiences.  She  died  Nov. 
2,  1874,  in  New  York  city. 

PALMER,  POTTER,  financier,  was  born 
in  1826  in  Rensselaerville,  N.  Y.  He  built 
the  Palmer  house  and  erected  a  number  of 
other  buildings  and  became  one  of  the 
most  energetic  of  that  group  of  confi 
dent  men  who  evoked  a  greater  Chicago 
from  the  ashes  of  the  conflagration  of 
1871.  The  Lake  Shore  drive  originated 
with  Mr.  Palmer. 

PALMER,  RAY,  clergyman,  author,  po 
et,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1808,  in  Little 
Compton,  R.  I.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Albany,  widely  known  as 
a  writer  of  hymns,  the  most  famous  of 
which  is,  My  Faith  Looks  up  to  Thee. 
Home,  or  the  Unlost  Paradise;  Spiritual 
Improvement;  Closet  Hours;  Hymns  and 
Poems;  Hymns  of  My  Holy  Hours;  Re 
member  Me;  and  Voices  of  Hope  and 
Gladness. 

PALMER,  ROBERT  M.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  in  1820  in 
Mount  Holly,  N.  J.  In  1850  he  was  elect 
ed  district  attorney  for  Schuylkill  coun 
ty,  N.  J.;  and  subsequently  to  the  state 
senate,  over  which  he  presided  as  speak 
er.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  minister  to- 
the  Argentine  Confederation,  but  was 
compelled  to  resign  on  account  of  his. 
health.  He  died  April  26,  1862,  at  sea. 


716 


HBRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


PALMER,  WALTER  LAUNT,  artist, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1854,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
In  1881  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  American  Artists,  and  in  1887 
he  received  the  second  Hallgarten  prize 
for  his  January,  which  painting  also 
gained  him  his  election  as  an  associate 
of  the  National  academy.  Among  his 
works  are  Dining-Room  at  Appledale 
(1879);  An  Editor's  Study;  Waving 
Grain  (1881);  Venice;  The  Oat-Field;  The 
Inlet;  and  An  Early  Snow. 

PALMER,  WILLIAM  ADAMS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Sept.  12,  1791,  in  Hebron, 
Conn.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Vermont 
legislature  for  six  years;  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  in  1816;  and  was  a  senator 
in  congress  from  Vermont  from  1818  to 
1825.  He  was  governor  of  Vermont  from 
1831  to  1835;  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1828  and  1836;  and 
judge  of  probate  and  of  the  county  court. 
He  was  two  years  a  state  senator.  He 
died  Dec.  3,  1860,  in  Danville,  Vt. 

PALMER,  WILLIAM  J.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1836,  in  Kent 
county.  Del.  Since  1883  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Rio  Grande  Western 
railroad;  and  was  also  for  several  years 
president  of  the  Mexican  National  rail 
road. 

PALMER,  WILLIAM   LEDYARD,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1820,  in  Lenox, 
Madison  county,  N.  Y.     He  graduated  in 
_  1856   from    the     col 

legiate  department 
!  of  the  Madison  uni 
versity,  now  known 
as  the  Colgate  uni 
versity;  and  in  1859 
he  graduated  from 
,4  the  theological  de 

partment  of  the 
same  institution,  re 
ceiving  in  course  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  For 
five  years  he  was 
pastor  in  East 
Poultney.  Vt.;  for  five  years  was  pastor  in 
West  Cornwall,  Vt.;  for  nine  years  was 
pastor  in  Middletown  Springs,  Vt.;  for 
three  years  was  pastor  in  Manchester, 
Mich.;  and  since  1896  has  been  pastor  in 
Norvell,  Mich.  He  has  published  ser 
mons,  addresses;  and  for  half  a  century 
has  contributed  extensively  to  religious 
literature. 

PALMER,  WILLIAM  PITT,  business 
man,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1805,  in 
Stockbridge,  Mass.  He  was  an  insur 
ance  president  of  New  York  city,  known 
also  as  a  verse  writer.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Light;  and  Echoes  of  Half  a  Cen 
tury,  a  collection  of  poems.  He  died  May 
2,  1884,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

PALMORE,  WILLIAM  B.,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  editor,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1844, 
in  Fayette  county,  Tenn.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Vanderbilt  univer 
sity.  During  the  civil  war  he  carried 
Gen.  John  S.  Marmaduke's  division  flag 
while  a  boy  in  the  confederate  army.  He 
has  been  a  successful  clergyman  and  lec 
turer;  and  for  many  years  has  been  the 
editor  of  the  St.  Louis  Christian  Advo 
cate. 

PAMMEL,  LOUIS  HERMANN,  botanist, 
was  born  April  19,  1862,  in  La  Crosse, 
Wis.  He  attended  the  country  schools, 
and  in  1885  graduated  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Wisconsin;  subsequently  at 
tending  the  Washington  university  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  doing  research  work  in 
the  Missouri  botanical  garden.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  was  an  assistant  in  the 
Shaw  School  of  Botany;  and  was  also  em 
ployed  by  the  Texas  agricultural  experi 


ment  station.  Since  1889  he  has  filled 
the  chair  of  botany  in  the  Iowa  Agricul 
tural  college;  and  also  botanist  of  the 
Iowa  agricultural  experiment  station,  and 
has  been  engaged  to  do  some  special  work 
for  the  United  States  department  of  ag 
riculture. 

PANCOAST,  JOSEPH,  educator,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  in  1805 
in  Burlington,  N.  J.  He  was  an  eminent 
surgeon  of  Philadelphia,  professor  of  sur 
gery  in  Jefferson  Medical  college  in  1838- 
74;  and  the  author  of  Operative  Surgery; 
Essays  and  Lectures;  and  System  of 
Anatomy.  He  died  March  7,  1882,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PANCOAST,  SETH,  educator,  physician, 
author,  was  born  July  28,  1823,  in  Dar 
by,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  physi 
cian,  professor  in  Pennsylvania  Medical 
college  in  1854-62;  and  the  author  of  The 
Cabala;  Consumption;  Ladies'  Medical 
Guide;  Boyhood  Perils;  and  Bright's  Dis 
ease.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1889,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

PANCOAST,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  edu 
cator,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Oct. 
11,  1835,  in  Philadelphia.  In  1874  he  suc 
ceeded  his  father  as  professor  in  Jeffer 
son  Medical  college.  In  1884  he  secured 
the  bodies  of  the  Siamese  twins,  and 
proved  that  the  band  could  not  have  been 
safely  cut  except  in  their  childhood.  He 
became  professor  of  the  Philadelphia 
Medico-chirurgical  college  in  1886. 

PANGBORN,  FREDERIC  W.,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  March  7,  1855,  in 
St.  Albans,  Vt.  For  twenty  years  he  has 
been  connected  with  the  Evening  Jour 
nal  of  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  and  is  now 
its  managing  editor.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  meritorious  poems,  many  of 
which  have  appeared  in  standard  collec 
tions. 

PAQUIN,  PAUL,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1860  in  Canada.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Supreme  Passions  of  Man; 
The  Microscopical  Diagnosis  of  Human 
Nature;  and  The  Basis  of  Character  and 
the  Diseases  of  Personality. 

PARDEE,  DON  A.,  soldier,  jurist,  was 
born  March  29,  1837,  in  Wadsworth, 
Ohio.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools,  and 
graduated  from  the 
United  States  Na 
val  academy.  He 
served  during  the 
civil  war  as  captain, 
major,  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  brevet 
brigadier-general  of 
the  United  States 
volunteers.  He  is  a 
noted  lawyer  of  New 
Orleans,  La.;  has 
been  register  in  bankruptcy;  in  1868  was 
elected  state  judge;  and  is  now  judge  of 
the  United  States  circuit  court  of  the 
fifth  judicial  circuit. 

PARET,  THOMAS  DUNKIN.  inventor, 
w;is  born  Dec.  20,  1837,  in  New  York  city. 
He  has  taken  a  leading  part  in  the  de 
velopment  and  extension  of  grinding  pro 
cesses,  and  has  been  president  of  the  Ta- 
nite  company  at  Stroudsburg,  Pa.,  which 
manufactures  emery-wheels,  since  its  or 
ganization  in  1867.  He  has  contributed 
many  technical  articles  to  scientific  peri 
odicals. 

PARET,  WILLIAM,  bishop  of  Mary 
land,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1826,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  St.  Peter 
and  the  Primacy  of  the  Roman  See;  Our 
Freedom  and  Our  Catholic  Heritage;  The 
Method  and  Work  of  Lent,  and  other 
works. 


PARISH,  AARON  SMITH,  educator, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1841,  in  Farmer,  N.  Y. 
For  over  twenty  years  he  has  been  pro 
prietor  of  the  Business  college  of  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich. 

PARISH,  ELIJAH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1762,  in  Lebanon,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  minister,  pas 
tor  at  Byfield,  Mass.,  in  1787-1825.  He 
was  co-author  with  Jedediah  Morse  of 
se\eral  geographical  works,  and  wrote  a 
New  System  of  Modern  Geography.  He 
died  Oct.  15,  1825.  in  Byfield,  Mass. 

PARK,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1777,  in  New 
Jersey.  From  1805  to  1808  he  was  a 
delegate  in  congress  from  Indiana  terri 
tory;  and  was  soon  after  appointed  judge 
of  the  district  court,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  death.  He  died  July  12,  1835,  in 
Salem,  Ind. 

PARK,  EDWARDS  AMASA,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1808, 
in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  is  a  congregation 
al  clergyman  in  Andover,  Mass.,  profes 
sor  in  the  Theological  seminary  there  in 
1835-81;  and  the  author  of  Discourses  and 
Treatises  on  the  Atonement;  Discourses 
on  Some  Theological  Doctrines  as  Related 
to  the  Religious  Character;  and  Lives  of 
S  Hopkins,  and  others. 

PARK,  I.  V.,  journalist,  was  born  Dec. 
7.  1848,  in  Franklin  county,  Ohio.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  district  schools,  and  subsequently 
attended  the  Wesleyan  university  of 
Bloomington,  111.  He  has  been  a  general 
writer  for  the  press,  and  correspondent 
of  leading  metropolitan  journals;  and  is 
now  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Daily 
and  Weekly  Times  of  Joliet,  111. 

PARK,  JAMES,  iron-master,  was  born 
Jan.  11,  1820,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  In  1863 
he  was  the  first  to  introduce  the  Siemens 
gas-furnace  into  this  country.  He  had 
a  high  reputation  as  a  progressive  leader 
among  iron-masters,  and  was  acthe  in 
the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engin 
eers.  He  died  April  21,  1883,  in  Alle 
gheny,  Pa. 

PARK,  JOHN,  physician,  journalist, 
was  born  Jan.  7,  1775,  in  Windham,  N.  H. 
In  1803  he  established  at  Newburyport, 
Mass.,  the  New  England  Repertory,  a 
semi-weekly  federalist  journal,  which  he 
afterward  transferred  to  Boston.  In  1811 
he  disposed  of  his  newspaper  and  estab 
lished  at  Boston  a  high-school  for  young 
women,  which  he  conducted  with  great 
success  for  twenty  years.  In  1814  he 
published  the  Boston  Spectator.  He  died 
March  2,  1852,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

PARK,  ROSWELL,  educator,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  1,  1807,  in  Lebanon,  Conn.  He  was 
an  episcopal  clergyman  and  educator, 
president  and  chancellor  of  Racine  col 
lege  in  1852-63;  and  the  author  of  Sketch 
of  the  History  of  West  Point;  Jerusalem, 
and  Other  Poems;  and  Pantology,  or  Sys 
tematic  Survey  of  Human  Knowledge. 
He  died  July  16,  1869,  in  Chicago,  111. 

PARK.  ROSWELL.  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1852  in  Lebanon,  Conn.  He  is 
a  professor  of  surgery  in  the  university 
of  Buffalo  from  1883  who  has  published 
Lectures  on  Surgical  Pathology. 

PARKE,  JOHN,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  April  7,  1754,  in  Dover,  Del.  He  was 
an  officer  in  the  American  army  during 
the  revolution,  who  published  The  Lyric 
Works  of  Horace.  The  translation,  in 
rhymed  verse,  was  dedicated  to  Washing 
ton,  and  in  it  the  names  of  American 
patriots  were  substituted  for  those  of  the 
Roman  worthies.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1789, 
near  Dover,  Del. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


717 


PARKE,  JOHN  GRUBB,  soldier,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1827.  in 
Chester  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  soldier  of 
distinction  who  was  superintendent  of 
the  United  States  Military  academy  in 
1887,  and  was  retired  from  active  service 
in  1889.  He  is  the  author  of  United  States 
Laws  Relating  to  Public  Works;  and  Laws 
Relating  to  the  Construction  of  Bridges 
over  Navigable  Waters. 

PARKE,  THOMAS,  educator,  physician, 
college  president,  lecturer,  was  born  Aug. 
6,  1749,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  In  1787  he 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  and  from 
1818  until  his  death  he  was  president  of 
this  body,  and  was  the  last  survivor  of 
its  founders.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1835,  in 
Philadelphia. 

PARKER,  ABRAHAM  X.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  14, 
1831,  in  Granville,  Vt.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  house  of  representatives  in 
1863  and  1864;  and  a  state  senator  from 
1868  to  1871.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  York  to  the  forty-sev 
enth,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth  and  fif 
tieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

PARKER,  AMASA  JUNIUS,  was  born 
June  2,  1807,  in  Sharon,  Conn.  In  1833  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  New 
York  state  legislature;  and  in  1835  was 
chosen  a  regent  of  the  university.  From 
1837  to  1839  he  was  a  representative  in 
congress.  In  1844  he  was  appointed  a 
circuit  judge  and  vice-chancellor  of  the 
court  of  equity.  Soon  after  the  adoption 
of  a  new  state  constitution,  he  became 
a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  New 
York.  In  1859  he  was  appointed  United 
States  attorney  for  the  district  of  New 
York.  He  died  May  13,  1890,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

PARKER,  AMASA  J.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  6,  1843,  in  Delhi, 
N.  Y.;  and  is  a  son  of  the  late  Judge 
Amasa  J.  Parker.  In 

1863  he     graduated 
from  Union    college, 
and     in     the     year 
following   from      the 
Albany   Law   school, 
and   has  since  prac 
ticed  his     profession 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  Since 

1864  he     has     been 
connected   with     the 
national  guard,  hav 
ing  served  from  pri 
vate     to     brigadier- 
general.  In  1882  he  was  elected  to  the  New 
York     state     assembly;     and     for     three 
terms   has   been   a   member   of   the   state 
senate,   in  1886-87,   in   1892-93,   and  again 
in  1894-95. 

PARKER,  AMOS  ANDREW,  legislator, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1792  in 
Fitzwilliam,  N.  H.  For  several  years 
he  was  editor  of  the  New  Hampshire 
Statesman;  and  served  thirteen  sessions 
in  the  New  Hampshire  legislature.  He 
is  the  author  of  several  books,  among 
which  are  A  Trip  to  the  West  of  Texas; 
and  Poems  at  Four-Score. 

PARKER,  ANDREW,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  •  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1851  to  1853. 

PARKER,  BENJAMIN  S.,  merchant, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1833,  in 
Indiana.  For  twenty  years  he  has  been 
a  merchant  of  New  Castle,  Ind.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
The  Cabin  in  the  Clearing;  and  has  also 
compiled  a  volume  of  Indiana  poetry. 


PARKER,  BOWDOIN  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1841, 
in  Conway,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  of  Boston,  Mass.;  was  a  member  of 
the  city  council  for  three  years;  and"  for 
two  years  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  legis 
lature.  He  is  a  veteran  of  the  war  of  the 
rebellion;  a  commissioned  officer  of  the 
Massachusetts  volunteer  militia  for  eigh 
teen  years,  and  was  placed  on  the  retired 
list  with  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 

PARKER,  C.  M.,  educator,  journalist, 
was  born  Sept.  17,  1860,  in  Wilkes  county, 
N.  C.  He  is  the  founder,  editor  and 
owner  of  The  School  News  of  Taylpr- 
\ille,  111. 

PARKER.  CHARLES,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1809,  in  Cheshire,  Conn. 
He  is  the  president  of  the  Charles  Par 
ker  company,  iron 
founders  and  pro 
ducers  of  hardware, 
and  of  Parker  Bro's, 
manufacturers  of 
guns;  and  is  one  of 
the  most  valuable 
residents  of  Meri- 
den,  Conn.,  and  has 
done  as  much  as  any 
other  man  there  to 
convert  that  city  into 
the  perfect  hive  of 
industry  which  it  is. 
It  was  he'  who  first  introduced  steam 
power  into  a  factory  in  Meriden.  His  lit 
tle  shop  has  now  grown  into  five  separate 
and  distinct  factories,  all  located  in  dif 
ferent  parts  of  Meriden,  and  there  is 
also  a  factory  at  Yalesville,  a  village  three 
miles  from  Meriden. 

PARKER,  CORTLANDT,  lawyer,  was 
born  June  27,  1818,  in  Perth  Amboy,  N. 
J.  He  was  one  of  the  revisers  of  the  laws 
of  New  Jersey  in  1875,  and  a  commis 
sioner  to  settle  the  boundaries  between 
that  state  and  Delaware. 

PARKER,  DANIEL,  soldier,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1782,  in  Shirley, 
Mass.  He  became  chief  clerk  in  the 
United  States  war  department  in  1810, 
adjutant  and  inspector-general,  Nov.  22, 
1814,  paymaster-general  in  1821,  and  in 
1841  he  returned  to  the  war  department 
as  chief  clerk.  He  published  an  Army 
Register. 

PARKER,  EDWARD  GRIFFIN,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1825,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  The  Golden  Age 
of  American  Oratory;  and  Reminiscences 
of  Rufus  Choate.  He  died  March  30,  1868, 
in  New  York  city. 

PARKER,  EDWIN  POND,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1836,  In 
Castine,  Maine.  He  is  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Hartford,  pastor  of  the 
south  church  from  1860;  and  the  author 
of  Book  of  Praise;  Memorial  of  H.  Bush- 
nell;  and  The  Ministry  of  Natural  Beauty. 
PARKER,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  LOW- 
BER  [CHANDLER]— Bessie  Chandler- 
author,  was  born  in  1856  in  New  York. 
She  is  a  writer  of  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  who 
has  contributed  much  to  magazines.  She 
is  the  author  of  A  Woman  who  Failed 
and  Others. 

PARKER,  FOXHALL  ALEXANDER, 
naval  officer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  5, 
1821,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  com 
modore  in  the  United  States  navy;  and 
the  author  of  Fleet  Tactics  under  Steam; 
The  Na\al  Howitzer  Afloat;  The  Naval 
Howitzer  Ashore;  The  Fleets  of  the 
World;  The  Battle  of  Mobile  Bay;  and 
Elia,  or  Spain  Fifty  Years  Ago,  a  trans 
lation  from  the  Spanish.  He  died  June 
10,  1879,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 


PARKER,  FRANCIS  WAYLAND,  sol 
dier,  educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  9, 
1837,  in  Bedford,  N.  H.  He  is  a  promi 
nent  educator  of  Chicago,  principal  of 
the  Cook  County  Normal  school,  and  for 
merly  supervisor  of  the  Boston  schools. 
He  is  the  author  of  Talks  on  Teaching; 
The  Practical  Teacher;  Course  in  Arith 
metic;  and  How  to  Teach  Geography. 

PARKER,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
railroad  president,  was  born  in  August, 
1836,  in  Springfield,  111.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Second  National  bank  of 
Charleston;  and  in  1887  was  elected 
president  of  the  St.  Louis,  'Alton  and 
Terre  Haute  railroad,  which  position  he 
still  holds. 

PARKER,  GILBERT,  author,  was  born 
in  1861,  in  Ontario,  Canada.  He  is  a  pop 
ular  Canadian  novelist  now  living  in  the 
United  States;  and  the  author  of  Pierre 
and  His  People;  Tales  of  the  Far  North; 
An  Adventurer  of  the  North;  A  Romany 
of  the  Snows;  A  Lover's  Diary;  When 
Valmond  Came  to  Pontiac;  The  Seats  of 
the  Mighty;  and  The  Pomp  of  the  La- 
villettes. 

PARKER,  MRS.  HELEN  FITCH,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1827,  in  Auburn, 
N.  Y.  She  was  the  author  of  Sunrise 
and  Sunset;  Morning  Stars  of  the  New 
World;  Rambles  After  Land  Shells;  Mis 
sions  and  Martyrs  of  Madagascar; 
Frank's  Search  for  Sea  Shells;  Constance 
of  Aylmer,  a  tale;  Blind  Florette;  and 
Arthur's  Aquarium.  She  died  Dec.  4,  1874, 
in  Amherst,  Mass. 

PARKER.  HENRY,  governor,  was  born 
about  1690,  near  Savannah,  Ga.  During 
1750-54  he  was  governor  of  Georgia.  He 
died  about  1778,  on  the  Isle  of  Hope, 
Ga. 

PARKER,  HENRY  LANGDON,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1832,  in  Acton, 
Mass.  During  1887-90  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  state  legislature, 
and  has  filled  several  judicial  positions. 

PARKER,  HENRY  WEBSTER,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  7, 
1824,  in  Danby,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyte- 
rian  clergyman  and  educator,  professor 
of  mental  science  in  Iowa  college  from 
1879;  and  the  author  of  The  Story  of 
a  Soul,  a  poem;  and  Verse. 

PARKER,  HOSEA  W.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May  30, 
3833,  in  Lempster,  N.  H.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature  of  New  Hampshire 
in  1859.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
second  and  forty-third  congresses. 

PARKER,  ISAAC,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  17,  1768,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  elected  to  congress, 
serving  as  a  representative  from  1797  to 
1799.  He  was  appointed,  by  President 
Adams,  marshal  for  the  district  of  Maine, 
which  office  he  held  until  1801.  He  after 
ward  removed  to  Portland.  In  1806  he 
became  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and 
in  1814  chief  justice,  which  position  he 
occupied  for  sixteen  years.  For  several 
years  he  was  professor  of  law  in  Harvard 
unnersity.  He  died  May  26,  1830,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

PARKER,  ISAAC  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  15, 
1838,  in  Belmont  county,  Ohio.  He  re 
moved  to  St.  Joseph,  Mo.;  and  was  elect 
ed  city  attorney  in  1862  and  1863.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  circuit  judge  for  six 
years,  but  resigned  in  1870;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses.  In  1875  he  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  of  Utah;  and  in 
March  of  the  same  year  was  appointed 
tJnited  States  district  judge  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  Arkansas. 


718 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PARKER,  JAMES,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1768,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1813  to  1815,  and 
from  1819  to  1821.  He  died  Nov.  9,  1837, 
in  Gardiner,  Maine. 

PARKER,  JAMES,  merchant,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  March  3, 
1776,  in  Bethlehem,  N.  J.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Jersey  legislature  in  1806- 
18;  and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1833  to  1837.  He  served  as  one  of 
the  commissioners  on  the  part  of  New 
Jersey  to  settle  the  boundary  and  juris 
diction  between  New  York  and  New  Jer 
sey.  He  died  April  1,  1868,  in  Perth  Am- 
boy,  N.  J. 

PARKER,  JAMES  CUTTER  DUNN, 
musician,  author,  was  born  June  2,  1828, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  Boston  mu 
sician;  and  the  author  of  Manual  of  Har 
mony;  and  Theoretical  and  Practical 
Harmony. 

PARKER,  JAMES  HENRY,  banker, 
was  born  Jan.  4,  1843,  in  Johnston  coun 
ty,  N.  C.  In  1882  he  moved  to  New  York 
and  carried  on  a  cotton  and  commission 
business  with  success,  serving  for  two 
years  as  president  of  the  Cotton  ex 
change.  In  1891  the  United  States  Na 
tional  bank  called  him  to  its  presidency 
and  he  is  yet  at  its  head. 

PARKER,  JOEL,  educator,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1795,  in 
Jaffrey,  N.  H.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Massa 
chusetts,  professor  of  law  at  Harvard 
university  in  1847-75;  and  the  author  of 
The  War  Power  of  Congress;  The  Right 
of  Secession;  The  Non-Extension  of 
Slavery;  Constitutional  Law;  Revolu 
tion  and  Construction;  The  Three  Pow 
ers  of  Government;  and  Conflict  of  De 
cisions.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1875,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

PARKER,  JOEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  27,  1799,  in  Bethel,  Vt. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Lectures 
on  Unitarianism;  Invitations  to  True 
Happiness;  Reasonings  of  a  Pastor;  Ser 
mons;  and  Notes  on  Twelve  Psalms.  He 
died  May  2,  1873,  in  New  York  city. 

PARKER,  JOEL,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  24, 
1816,  near  Freehold,  N.  J.  He  received  a 
common  school  edu 
cation  at  Trenton; 
graduated  at  Prince 
ton  college  in  1839; 
studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in 
1842.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1847;  and 
was,  for  a  time,  at 
torney  for  his  coun 
ty.  In  1861  he  was 
elected  major  -  gen 
eral  of  volunteers. 
In  1862  he  was  elected  governor  of  New 
Jersey  for  three  years;  and  was  again 
elected  governor  in  1871.  He  died  Jan. 
2,  1888,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PARKER,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  24,  1749,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  South  Carolina 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1786  to 
1788.  He  died  April  20,  1822,  near  Charles 
ton,  S.  C. 

PARKER,  JOHN  ADAMS,  artist,  was 
born  Nov.  29,  1829,  in  New  York  city. 
Mountain  scenery  has  especially  claimed 
his  attention,  and  the  Adirondacks,  the 
Catskills,  and  the  White  mountains  have 
furnished  him  with  most  of  the  subjects 
for  his  paintings.  They  include  Twilight 
in  the  Adirondacks;  Winter;  Winter 


Twilight;      and    Landscape    in    the    Adi 
rondacks— Twilight. 

PARKER,  JOHN  MASON,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  14,  1805,  in 
Granville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  thirty-fifth  congress  from  New 
York. 

PARKER,  JOSIAH,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1789  to  1801. 

PARKER.  LINUS,  methodist  episcopal 
bishop,  was  born  in  1829,  in  Rome,  N.  Y. 
He  was  editor  of  the  New  Orleans  Chris 
tian  Advocate  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  for 
some  time.  Early  in  his  ministry  he  was 
elected  a  delegate  to  the  general  confer 
ence,  and  sat  in  its  quadrennial  sessions 
from  1870  till  1882,  inclusive.  In  the  lat 
ter  year  he  was  elected  a  bishop.  He  died 
March  5,  1885,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

PARKER,  NAHUM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  March 
4,  1760,  in  Cheshire  county,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  state  counselor  of  New  Hampshire 
from  1805  to  1807.  He  was  United  States 
senator  from  1807  to  1810;  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  from  1822  to  1825; 
and  president  of  the  state  senate  in  1828. 
He  died  Nov.  12,  1839,  in  Fitzwilliam, 
N.  H. 

PARKER,  NATHAN  HOWE,  author. 
He  is  the  author  of  Iowa  as  It  Is  in  1855; 
Kansas  and  Nebraska  Handbook  for  1857- 
58;  The  Missouri  Handbook;  and  Missouri 
as  It  Is  in  1867. 

PARKER,  NELSON  AUGUSTUS,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  July  18,  1840,  in 
Hamburgh,  N.  Y.  In  1868  he  graduated 
from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  Michi 
gan  university;  and 
since  1869  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Benzie 
and  adjoining  coun- 
ties  with  success.  He 
has  been  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Benzie 
county;  has  been 
1  candidate  for  judge 
of  probate  and  for 
circuit  judge;  and  in 
1884  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  greenback  convention.  In 
1868  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
soldiers'  convention  at  Chicago;  and 
voted  to  nominate  General  U.  S.  Grant 
for  his  first  term  as  president.  During  the 
war  he  was  sergeant,  lieutenant  and  cap 
tain  of  company  B,  twentieth  regiment, 
Michigan  volunteer  infantry. 

PARKER,  MRS.  PERMELIA  JANE 
(MARSH),  author,  was  born  June  16,  1836, 
in  Milan,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  writer  of  Roches 
ter,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author  of  Toiling  and 
Hoping,  a  novel;  The  Boy  Missionary; 
Losing  the  Way;  Under  His  Banner;  The 
Midnight  Cry,  a  novel  of  the  Millerite  de 
lusion;  Rochester,  a  Story  Historical; 
Life  of  S.  F.  B.  Morse;  The  Morgan  Boys; 
Around  the  Manger;  and  Andy,  the  story 
of  a  Troublesome  Boy. 

PARKER,  PETER,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  June  18,  1804,  in  Framingham, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  mission 
ary  and  diplomat  in  China,  and  after  1857 
a  resident  of  Washington.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Journal  of  an  Expedition  from 
Singapore  to  Japan;  and  Statement  Re 
specting  Hospitals  in  China.  He  died  Jan 
10,  1888,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

PARKER,  RICHARD,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1851. 

PARKER,  RICHARD  ELLIOTT,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Dec.  27,  1783,  in  Westmoreland  coun 


ty,  Va.  In  early  life  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  house  of  delegates;  and  was 
for  many  years  a  judge  of  the  general  and 
circuit  courts  of  Virginia.  He  was  also 
a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  appeals; 
and  for  a  brief  period  in  1836  and  1837  was 
a  senator  in  congress.  He  died  Sept  9 
1840,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

PARKER,  RICHARD  GREEN,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  in  1798  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  an  educator  of  Boston; 
and  the  author  of  Natural  Philosophy; 
and  Aids  to  English  Composition.  He 
died  in  1869. 

PARKER,  RICHARD  WAYNE,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  6,  1848,  in  Morristown,  N.  J.  He  is 
a  successful  lawyer  of  Newark,  N.  J.;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  house  of  assembly 
of  New  Jersey  in  1885  and  1886.  He  was 
the  republican  candidate  for  the  fifty- 
third  congress  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses. 

PARKER,  SAMUEL,  protestant  episco 
pal  bishop,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1744, 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  In  1803  he  was 
unanimously  elected  to  the  episcopate  of 
Massachusetts,  and  was  consecrated  in 
Trinity  church.  New  York  city,  in 
1804.  He  published  an  Annual  Election 
Sermon  Before  the  Legislature  of  Massa 
chusetts;  a  Sermon  for  the  Benefit  of 
the  Boston  Female  Asylum;  and  several 
other  occasional  discourses.  He  died  Dec. 
6,  1804,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PARKER,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  23,  1779,  in  Ashfield,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
New  York  state,  said  to  have  been  the 
first  who  suggested  the  possibility  of  a 
railway  through  the  Rocky  mountains  to 
the  Pacific  ocean.  He  published,  Explor 
ing  Tour  Beyond  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
He  died  March  24,  1866,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

PARKER,  SAMUEL  W.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  9,  1805,  in  Jefferson  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the  Indiana 
legislature  in  1836,  where  he  served  five 
years.  He  was  two  years  attorney  for  the 
state,  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Indiana  from  1851  to  1855. 

PARKER,  SEVERN  E.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Northampton  county,  Va.  He  was  a  prom 
inent  member  of  the  Virginia  legislature; 
and  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1819  to  1821.  He  died  Oct.  21,  1836,  in 
Northampton,  Va. 

PARKER,  THEODORE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1810,  in  Lexing 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  famous  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  West  Roxbury,  Mass.  He 
was  the  author  of  Miscellaneous  Writings; 
Sermons  on  Theism,  Atheism,  and  Popular 
Theology;  Occasional  Sermons  and 
Speeches;  Matters  Pertaining  to  Religion; 
Additional  Sermons  and  Speeches;  Ser 
mons  for  the  Times;  Experience  as  a 
Minister;  West  Roxbury  Sermons; 
Prayers;  Lessons  from  the  World  of  Mat 
ter  and  the  World  of  Mind;  Historic 
Americans;  and  Views  of  Religion.  His 
complete  works,  as  edited  by  Frances 
Power  Cobbe,  fill  twelve  volumes.  He 
died  May  10,  1860,  in  Florence,  Italy. 

PARKER,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  8,  1595,  in  England. 
He  was  a  learned  puritan  clergyman  who 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  Newbury, 
Mass.,  and  its  first  pastor.  Parker  River, 
in  that  region,  is  named  in  his  honor. 
He  was  the  author  of  Letter  on  Church 
Government;  Prophecies  of  Daniel  Ex 
pounded;  Methodus  Gratiae  Divinise;  and 
Theses  de  Traductione  Peccatoris  ad  VI- 
tam.  He  died  April  24,  1677,  in  New 
bury,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


719 


PARKER,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  a  citizen  of  South  Carolina;  and  in 
1812  was  appointed  judge  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  district  of  South  Caro 
lina. 

PARKER,  WILLARD,  educator,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Sept.  2, 
1800,  in  Hillsborough,  N.  H.  He  was  a 
•distinguished  surgeon  of  Philadelphia, 
professor  of  surgery  in  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  1839-69;  and 
the  author  of  Cystotomy;  Spontaneous 
Fractures;  and  The  Concussion  of  Nerves. 
He  died  April  25,  1884,  in  New  York  city. 
PARKER,  WILLIAM  HARWAR,  naval 
officer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1826,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  an  officer  in  the 
confederate  navy  during  the  civil  war; 
and  the  author  of  Instruction  for  Naval 
Light  Artillery;  and  Recollections  of  a 
Naval  Officer. 

PARKER,  WILLIAM  THORNTON, 
A.  M.,  M.  D.,  physician,  artist,  was  born 
Jan.  8,  1818,  in  Groveland,  Mass.  As  an 
anatomical  artist  he  is  said  to  have  been 
unrivaled,  his  Anatomical  Atlas  being 
,a  work  of  great  value. 

PARKER,  WILLIAM  THORNTON,  sur 
geon,  inventor,  author,  was  born  Dec.  24, 
1849,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  founded  the 
Medical  Guild  of  St.  Luke's,  and  was  the 
originator  to  provide  a  National  Sanitari 
um  for  Consumptives.  He  was  appointed 
acting  professor  of  American  jurisprud 
ence  in  the  college  of  Physicians  and  Sur 
geons  of  Chicago. 

PARKHILL,  CHARLES  BRECKIN- 
RIDGE,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  June 
23,  1859,  at  Tuscawilla,  Fla.,  the  planta 
tion  home  of  his  par 
ents.  His  father, 
Captain  George  W. 
Parkhill.was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  secession 
convention  of  Flori 
da,  and  lost  his  life 
In  the  confederate 
army.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the 
public  schools  of 
Monticello;  then  at 
tended  the  R  a  n- 
dolph-Macon  college  of  Ashland,  Va. ;  and 
finally  studied  law  at  the  university  of 
Virginia.  Since  1883  he  has  practiced  law 
in  Pensacola,  Fla.;  has  been  county  at 
torney;  and  in  1897  was  appointed  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  the  criminial  court  of 
record  for  the  term  of  four  years.  In  1888 
he  was  elected  state  senator;  has  taken 
part  in  the  democratic  state  and  congres 
sional  conventions,  and  is  recognized  as  a 
popular  orator  of  unusual  eloquence  and 
ability.  In  1890  he  was  elected  grand 
chancellor  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  of 
Florida. 

PARKHURST,  CHARLES  HENRY, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  17, 
1842,  in  Framingham,  Mass.  He  is  a  pres- 
byterian  clergyman  of  New  York  city, 
pastor  of  the  Madison  Square  church  from 
1880,  and  very  prominent  as  a  municipal 
reformer.  He  is  the  author  of  Forms  of 
the  Latin  Verb  Illustrated  by  the  Sans 
krit;  The  Blind  Man's  Creed;  The  Pat 
tern  on  the  Mount;  Three  Gates  on  a 
Side;  What  Would  the  World  Be  With 
out  Religion?;  The  Swiss  Guide;  and  Our 
Fight  with  Tammany. 

PARKHURST,  MATTHEW  M.,  soldier, 
clergyman,  was  born  July  13,  1834,  in 
Oswego,  N.  Y.  He  has  filled  pastorates 
in  the  episcopal  church  in  Boston,  Mil 
waukee  and  Chicago;  and  has  contributed 
valuable  articles  to  current  literature. 

PARKINSON,  JOHN  BARBER,  educat 
or,  was  born  April  11,  1834,  in  Edwards- 
ville,  111.  :He  has  filled  numerous  chairs 
Sn  the  university  of  Wisconsin,  of  which 


lie  is  vice-president  since  1885;  and  pro 
fessor  of  constitutional  and  international 
law  since  1893. 

PARKINSON,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1774,  in  Freder 
ick  county,  Md.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
r.t  Ecclesiastical  History;  Public  Minis 
try  of  the  Word;  and  Sermons  on  Deuter 
onomy  xxxii.  He  died  March  10,  1848,  in 
New  York  city. 

PARKMAN,  FRANCIS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  4,  1788,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Boston;  and  the  author  of  The  Offering 
of  Sympathy.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1852,  in 
Uuslou,  Mass. 

PAKKMAN,  FRANCIS,  historian,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1823,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  the  foremost  of  American 
historians.  The  work  of  his  life  was  the 
series  of  historical  narratives  called 
France  and  England  in  North  America, 
begun  in  1864  and  completed  in  1892.  He 
was  the  author  of  Pioneers  of  France  in 
the  New  World;  The  Jesuits  in  North 
America;  La  Salle  and  the  Discovery  of 
the  Great  West;  The  Old  Regime  in  Can 
ada;  Count  Frontenac  and  New  France 
under  Louis  XIV;  A  Half  Century  of  Con 
flict;  and  Montcalm  and  Wolfe.  The  Con 
spiracy  of  Pontiac  forms  a  sequel  to  the 
work,  though  first  issued  in  1857.  He  died 
in  1893.  . 

PARKMAN,  GEORGE,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1791  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Boston  physician  who  published 
Insanity  and  the  Management  of  the.  In 
sane.  He  died  in  November,  1849,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

PARKS,  GORHAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1793  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine  from  1833  to  1837;  and  from  1838 
to  1841  was  United  States  marshal  for  the 
district  of  Maine.  From  1843  to  1845  he 
was  United  States  attorney;  and  from 
1845  to  1849  was  United  States  consul  at 
Rio  Janeiro. 

PARKS,  LEIGHTON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1855  in  New  York.  He 
is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Boston;  rec 
tor  of  Emmanuel  church  from  1878;  and 
the  author  of  His  Star  in  the  East;  and 
Winning  of  the  Soul,  and  Other  Sermons. 
PARKS,  SAMUEL  C.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Vermont.  He  was  appointed 
a  justice  of  the  United  States  court  for 
the  territory  of  Idaho.  He  afterward  re 
sided  in  New  Mexico;  and  in  1882  was 
appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  territory  of  Wyoming. 
PARKS,  SAMUEL  SHAW,  lawyer,  was 
born  May  6,  1863,  in  Palmer,  Mass.  His 
mother  is  a  descendant  from  the  first  set 
tlers  of  Plymouth  who  came  over  in  the 
Mayflower.  In  1879  he  entered  Monson 
academy,  graduating  therefrom  in  1882. 
He  entered  Amherst  college  in  1882,  and 
received  the  degree  of  B.  A.  in  1886.  In 
1888  he  graduated  from  the  Union  college 
of  Law,  and  since  that  time  has  practiced 
his  profession  in  Chicago.  He  is  a  demo 
crat  of  very  pronounced  views;  and  is  a 
member  of  various  silver  and  other  politi 
cal  clubs.  He  was  married  in  1888  to 
Grace  Runyan,  daughter  of  E.  F.  Runyan, 
a  noted  lawyer  of  Chicago;  and  they  have 
two  children. 

PARLOA,  MARIA,  author,  was  born  in 
1843  in  Massachusetts.  She  is  a  lecturer 
and  writer  upon  domestic  economy, 
especially  upon  the  science  of  food  prep 
aration;  and  the  author  of  First  Princi 
ples  of  Household  Management  and  Cook 
ery;  Kitchen  Companion;  The  Young 
Housekeeper;  and  New  Cook  Book  and 
Marketing  Guide. 

PARMELEE,  THEODORE  NELSON, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1804  in 


Connecticut.  He  was  editor  for  several 
years  of  the  Buffalo  Commercial,  and  au 
thor  of  some  of  the  biographies  in  the 
volume  Men  of  Progress;  of  a  series  of 
political  reminiscences  that  were  pub 
lished  in  Harper's  Magazine  under  the 
title  Recollections  of  an  Old  Stager;  and 
of  numerous  fugitive  articles.  He  died 
July  3,  1874,  in  Branford,  Conn. 

PARMENTER,  WILLIAM,  naval  officer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Massachusetts.  He  was  a  state  senator  in 
1836;  and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1837  to  1845.  He 
was  a  naval  officer  at  Boston  from  1845  to 
1849.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1866,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

PARR,  FRANKLIN  J.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Nov.  30,  1865,  near  Pekin,  111.  He  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  has  attained  success  as  one 
of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Iowa  at  Fort 
Dodge.  He  has  been  a  school  director  in 
Illinois;  and  city  attorney  for  Storm 
Lake,  Iowa.  He  holds  the  degrees  of  B.  S. 
and  LL.  B.,  and  contributes  extensively  to 
law  literature. 

PARRENT,  JOHN  M.,  educator,  was 
born  May  28,  1859,  in  Alton,  Ky.  He  at 
tended  the  Kentucky  Military  institute, 
and  the  Normal  college;  and  has  since 
been  engaged  in  educational  work.  He 
first  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  Ken 
tucky,  then  at  the  Lawrenceburg  semi 
nary,  then  at  the  Normal  college;  and  in 
1888  moved  to  Montana.  For  four  years 
he  was  principal  of  the  Lewistown  graded 
schools,  and  in  1892  was  elected  county  su 
perintendent  of  schools. 

PARRETT,  WILLIAM  F.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1825,  in  Blairsville, 
Ind.  In  1858  he  was  elected  to  the  Indi 
ana  legislature  and  served  during  the  gen 
eral  and  special  sessions;  in  1859  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  fifteenth  circuit, 
to  which  position  he  was  elected  for  six 
years  at  the  election  following  his  ap 
pointment;  and  after  his  election  he  re 
turned  to  Evansville,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  In  1865  he  was  re-elected  for  a 
term  of  six  years.  In  1873  he  was  appoint 
ed  judge  of  the  first  circuit,  and  was 
elected  to  the  same  position;  and  twice 
re-elected,  1879  and  1884.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-first  congress;  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PARRIS,  ALBION  KEITH,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
governor,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1788,  in  Au 
burn,  Maine.  In  1811  he  was  appointed 
attorney  for  Oxford  county,  Maine;  in 
1813  was  elected  to  the  general  court;  and 
in  1814  was  chosen  a  state  senator.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
in  1815,  and  again  in  1817.  He  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  feueral  district  court 
in  1818.  In  1820  he  was  appointed  judge 
of  probate  for  Cumberland  county.  He 
was  five  times  elected  governor  of  Maine 
from  1822  to  1827;  and  was  a  senator  in 
congress  in  1827  and  1828.  He  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state  in  1828,  holding  the  office  until  1836, 
when  he  became  second  comptroller  in  the 
federal  treasury  department.  He  left  that 
office  in  1850,  and  returned  to  Portland. 
In  1852  he  was  elected  mayor.  He  died 
Feb.  11,  1857,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

PARRIS,  VIRGIL  D.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman.  He  was  assistant 
secretary  of  the  state  senate  in  1831;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Maine  legislature 
from  1833  to  1839.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Maine  from  1838  to 
1841;  and  a  state  senator  in  1842  and  1843. 
He  was  a  United  States  marshal  for  Maine 
from  1844  to  1848;  United  States  special 
mail  agent  from  1853  to  1856;  and  subse 
quently  held  the  office  of  naval  storekeep 
er  at  Kittery,  Maine.  He  died  June  13, 
1874,  in  Kittery,  Maine. 


720 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PARRISH,  CHARLES  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
April  18,  1859,  in  Lexington,  Ky.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city;  and 
attended  the  state  university  of  Louis 
ville,  in  which  institution  he  was  subse 
quently  secretary,  treasurer  and  professor 
of  Greek.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the  Cal 
vary  Baptist  church  of  Louisville  and 
president  of  the  Eckstein  Norton  univer 
sity. 

PARRISH,  EDWARD,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  May  31, 
1822,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  an  edu 
cator  and  pharmacist  of  Philadelphia,  and 
president  of  Swarthmore  college  in  1868- 
70.  He  was  the  author  of  Introduction 
to  Practical  Pharmacy;  The  Phantom 
Bouquet,  a  Treatise  on  Skeletonizing 
Leaves;  and  Essay  on  Education  in  the 
Society  of  Friends.  He  died  in  1872. 

PARRISH,  ISAAC,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1811  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1839  to  1841,  and  again  from  1845  to  1847. 

PARRISH,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1729,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  was  a  Quaker  preacher  of  Pennsyl 
vania  noted  as  an  early  opponent  of  slav 
ery,  who  published  Remarks  on  the  Slav 
ery  of  the  Black  Race.  He  died  Oct.  21, 
1807,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

PARRISH,  JOSEPH,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1779,  in  Philadelphia. 
He  was  an  eminent  Philadelphia  physi 
cian  who  was  the  author  of  Practical  Ob 
servations  on  Strangulated  Hernia.  He 
died  in  1840. 

PARRISH,  JOSEPH,  physician,  author,  ' 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1818,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  physician  of  Burlington, 
N.  J.,  famous  as  an  authority  upon  the 
treatment  of  inebriates;  and  the  author 
of  Alcoholic  Inebriety  from  the  Medical 
Standpoint.  He  died  in  1891. 

PARRISH,  ROB  ROY,  poet,  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1846,  in  Noble  county,  Ohio.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  Echoes  From  the  Vale. 

PARROTT,  ENOCH  GREENLEAF, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1814,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  entered  the  United 
States  navy  as  a  midshipman  in  1831,  be 
came  lieutenant  in  1841.  He  was  commis 
sioned  captain  in  1866,  commodore  in  1870, 
rear-admiral  in  1873,  and  was  retired  in 
1874.  He  died  May  10,  1879,  in  New  York 
city. 

PARROTT,  JOHN  FRANCIS,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  1768  in  Greenland,  N.  H. 
He  was  in  1811  a  member  of  the  New 
Hampshire  legislature;  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  Hampshire  from 
1817  to  1819;  and  a  senator  of  the  United 
States  from  1819  to  1825.  In  1826  he  was 
appointed  postmaster  at  Portsmouth.  He 
died  July  9,  1836,  in  Greenland,  N.  H. 

PARROTT,  MARCUS  J.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  27, 
1828,  in  Hamburg,  S.  C.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1853  and  1854. 
He  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress  from  Kansas  territory;  and 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

PARROTT,  MATT,  journalist,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  May  11,  1837,  in  Schoharie, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  noted  journalist  of  Water 
loo,  Iowa,  of  which  city  he  has  been 
mayor.  For  eight  years  he  served  as  a 
state  senator  in  the  Iowa  legislature,  and 
is  now  serving  as  lieutenant-governor  of 
that  state. 

PARROTT.  ROBERT  PARKER,  soldier, 
inventor,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1804,  in  Lee, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  captain  of  ordnance  in 
the  United  States  army,  and  invented  the 


Parrott  system  of  rifled  cannon  and  pro 
jectiles.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1877,  in  Cold 
Spring,  N.  Y. 

PARRY,  CHARLES  CHRISTOPHER, 
botanist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1823, 
in  England.  He  was  a  botanist  of  Daven 
port,  Iowa,  among  whose  writings  are, 
Botanical  Observations  in  Western  Wyo 
ming;  and  Botanical  Observations  in 
Southern  Utah.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1890. 

PARSON,  SAMUEL  H.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  for  the  territory 
northwest  of  the  Ohio  river. 

PARSONS,  ALBERT  ROSS,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1847,  in  San- 
dusky,  Ohio.  He  has  attained  national 
prominence  as  a  musician  of  New  York 
city;  and  has  composed  many  pieces. 
Among  his  best  known  are:  The  Night 
Has  a  Thousand  Eyes;  Break,  Break; 
Etude;  and  many  other  pieces. 

PARSONS,  ANDREW,  state  senator, 
governor,  was  born  July  22,  1817,  in  Hoo- 
sick,  N.  Y.  In  1846  he  was  elected  to 
the  Michigan  state  senate;  and  in  1853 
was  elected  governor,  resigning  in  1855. 
He  died  June  6,  1855. 

PARSONS,  ANSON  VIRGIL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1799  in  Granville, 
Mass.  In  1840  he  was  president  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas  of  the  Dau 
phin  judicial  district.  In  1842  he  became 
secretary  of  the  commonwealth.  He  re 
turned  to  the  bench  as  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  of  Philadelphia  in  1843. 
He  .resumed  practice  in  1851,  when  the 
judiciary  became  elective.  With  Judge 
Edward  King,  he  published  Select  Cases 
in  Equity,  in  two  volumes.  He  died  Sept. 
23,  1882,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PARSONS,  CHARLES,  artist,  was  born 
May  8,  1821,  in  England.  Since  1861  he 
has  been  at  the  head  of  the  art  depa'rt- 
ment  of  Harper  and  Brothers.  Among  his 
recent  paintings  are  An  Old  Orchard, 
Long  Island;  and  Amagansett,  L.  I. 

PARSONS,  CHARLES,  .railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1829,  in  Alfred, 
Maine.  Since  1894  he  has  been  president 
of  the  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  rail 
way. 

PARSONS,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  phy 
sician,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
6,  1823,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  settled 
in  practice  in  Providence;  was  professor 
of  physiology  in  Brown  in  1874-82;  and 
is  the  author  of  two  Fiske  fund  prize  dis 
sertations,  and  many  medical  and  his 
torical  papers. 

PARSONS,  CHARLES  WESLEY,  ora 
tor,  clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1851,  in 
Otsego  county,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Cazenovia  seminary;  the 
Wyoming  Conference  seminary  of  Kings 
ton,  Pa.;  and  the  Drew  Theological  semi 
nary  of  Madison,  N.  J.  He  has  attained 
distinction  as  a  brilliant  orator,  and  as 
one  of  the  leading  clergymen  of  the  meth- 
odist  episcopal  church.  He  has  filled  pas 
torates  in  Fairfield,  Gouverneur,  Water- 
town,  and  Rome,  N.  Y.;  in  Kansas  City, 
Mo.;  Newark,  N.  J.;  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.; 
and  is  now  pastor  of  the  Chestnut  Street 
church  of  Portland,  Maine. 

PARSONS,  DAVID,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  28,  1749,  in  Amherst,  N.  H. 
He  gave  the  ground  on  which  Amherst 
college  is  built;  contributed  to  its  sup 
port;  and  wrote  Election  Sermon;  a'nd 
Ordination  Sermon.  He  died  May  18,  1823, 
in  Wethersfield,  Conn. 

PARSONS,  EDWARD  YOUNG,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1842,  in 
Jefferson  county,  Ky.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress.  He  died  July 
8,  1876. 


PARSONS,  MRS.  FRANCES  THEO 
DORA  [SMITH]  [DANA],  author,  was 
born  in  1861  in  New  York.  She  is  a  writer 
of  Albany  whose  books  were  published 
under  the  name  of  Mrs.  William  Starr 
Dana.  She  is  the  author  of  How  to  Know 
the  Wild  Flowers;  According  to  Season; 
and  Plants  and  Their  Children. 

PARSONS,  FRANK,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1855  in  New  Jersey.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  The 
World's  Best  Books;  and  Our  Country's 
Need,  or  the  Development  of  a  Scientific 
Industrial  System.  He  has  edited  several 
legal  works. 

PARSONS,  GEORGE  FREDERIC,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1840  in  Eng 
land.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Life  of  J.  W.  Mar 
shall,  Discoverer  of  Gold  in  California; 
and  Middle  Ground,  a  novel. 

PARSONS,  GEORGE  M.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1850,  in 
Cambridge  City,  Ind.  While  attending 
high  school  in  Hamilton,  Ohio,  he  enlisted 
as  a  private  soldier  in  the  eighty-ninth 
regiment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry,  being 
but  fifteen  years  of  age.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  entered  a  commercial  college; 
took  up  the  study  of  law;  and  has  at 
tained  success  as  one  of  the  leading  law 
yers  of  Idaho  at  Boise  City.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  seventh  and  tenth  sessions 
of  the  Idaho  territorial  legislature;  in 
1883-84  was  probate  judge  of  Alturas 
county;  and  for  two  terms  during  1893- 
96  was  attorney-general  of  Idaho. 

PARSONS.  HENRY  BETTS,  chemist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1855, 
in  Asia  Minor.  His  Method  for  the  Proxi 
mate  Analysis  of  Plants  was  published  in 
the  chief  chemical  journals  of  the  world, 
and  universally  adopted.  He  died  Aug.  21, 
1885,  in  Tucson,  Ariz. 

PARSONS,  J.  D.,  librarian.  He  is  li 
brarian  of  the  public  library  of  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.;  and  is  a  constant  contributor 
to  current  publications. 

PARSONS,  JONATHAN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1705  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  minister  of  New- 
buryport.who  adopted  the  views  of  White- 
field,  and  in  whose  house  that  famous 
preacher  died.  He  was  the  author  of 
Lectures  on  Justification;  Good  News 
from  a  Far  Country,  said  to  be  the  first 
book  published  in  New  Hampshire;  Sixty 
Sermons;  and  Freedom  from  Ecclesiasti 
cal  and  Civil  Slavery  the  Purchase  of 
Christ.  He  died  in  1776. 

PARSONS,  LEVI,  lawyer,  jurist,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  July  1,  1822,  in 
Kingsboro,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  judge 
of  the  San  Francisco  district  in  1850,  sub 
sequently  engaged  in  business,  and  built 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas  railroad, 
of  which  he  became  the  first  president. 
He  died  Oct.  23,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

PARSONS,  LEWIS  BALDWIN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  April  5,  1818,  in  Genesee 
county,  N.  Y.  In  1864  he  was  placed  in 
charge  of  all  railroad  and  river  army 
transportation  in  the  United  States.  He 
was  promoted  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  in  1865,  and  in  1866  was  brevetted 
major-general  of  volunteers. 

PARSONS,  LEWIS  E.,  governor.  He 
was  appointed  provisional  governor  of 
Alabama  in  1865. 

PARSONS,  MOSBY  MONROE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  in  1819  in 
Virginia.  He  was  attorney-general  of 
Missouri  in  1853-57,  and  subsequently  be 
came  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  He 
was  active  in  organizing  the  state  militia, 
and  raised  a  mounted  brigade  which  he 
commanded  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1865,  in  Ca- 
margo,  Mexico. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


721 


PARSONS,  RICHARD  C.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
10,  1826,  in  New  London,  Conn.  In  1851 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  city 
council  of  Cleveland,  and  the  next  year 
president  of  that  body.  In  1857  he  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  legislature;  re-elected, 
and  chosen  speaker  of  the  house.  He  was 
appointed  consul  at  Rio  Janeiro;  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  internal  revenue  at 
Cleveland  for  four  years;  and  in  1866 
received  the  appointment  of  marshal  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States, 
and  served  six  years.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-third  congress. 

PAKSONS,  SAMUEL  HOLDEN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  May  14, 
1737,  in  Lyme,  Conn.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Connecticut  assembly  in 
1762,  and  successively  for  eighteen  ses 
sions.  He  was  made  brigadier-general  by 
congress  in  1776;  and  major-general  in 
1780.  In  1785  he  was  appointed  by  con 
gress  a  commissioner  to  treat  with  the 
Indians  at  Miami;  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  of  Connecticut  which  ratified 
the  federal  constitution  of  1788;  and  was 
appointed  first  judge  of  the  northwest 
territory.  In  1789  he  was  state  commis 
sioner  for  treating  with  the  Indians  on 
the  western  reserve  of  Connecticut;  and 
settled  on  the  Ohio  river  in  1787,  and  pub 
lished  an  essay  on  the  antiquities  of  the 
western  states.  He  was  drowned  Nov.  17, 
1789,  in  Big  Beaver  river,  Ohio. 

PARSONS,  THEOPHILUS,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1750,  in 
Byfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  jurist  of  New- 
buryport  and  after  1800  of  Boston,  and 
chief  justice  of  Massachusetts  from  1801. 
He  was  the  author  of  Commentaries  on 
the  Law  of  the  United  States;  and  The 
Essex  Result,  a  famous  political  pamphlet 
of  1777.  He  died  Oct.  30,  1813,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

PARSONS,  THEOPHILUS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  17.  1797,  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.  He  was  a  noted  legal 
writer,  Dane  professor  of  law  in  Har 
vard  university  from  1847,  and  an  eminent 
Swedenborgian  thinker.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Contracts; 
Elements  of  Mercantile  Law:  The  Laws 
of  Business;  Maritime  Law;  Law  of  Prom 
issory  Notes;  Principles  of  the  Law  of 
Partnership;  The  Law  of  Marine  Insur 
ance;  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Partner 
ship;  Political,  Personal,  and  Property 
Rights  of  a  United  States  Citizen;  Me 
moir  of  Chief  Justice  Parsons;  The  Min 
istry  of  Sorrow;  Deus  Homo;  The  In 
finite  and  the  Finite;  Essays;  Outlines  of 
the  Religion  and  Philosophy  of  Sweden- 
borg;  and  The  Mystery  of  Life.  He  died 
Jan.  26,  1882,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

PARSONS,  THOMAS  WILLIAM,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1819,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  poet  of  Boston  who 
for  some  years  practiced  his  profession  of 
dentistry  there.  The  quality  of  his  writ 
ing  is  uneven,  but  in  such  poems  as  the 
Lines  on  a  Bust  of  Dante,  and  When 
Francesca  Sings,  he  is  at  his  best.  His 
work  includes  a  much  admired  though  in 
complete  translation  in  English  verse  of 
Dante's  Divina  Commedia.  of  which  an 
edition  was  issued  in  1893,  with  introduc 
tion  by  C.  E.  Norton,  and  memorial 
sketch  by  Miss  Guiney;  Ghetto  di  Roma; 
The  Magnolia;  The  Old  Home  at  Sudbury; 
The  Shadow  of  the  Obelisk,  and  Other 
Poems;  and  Poems.  He  died  in  1892. 

PARSONS,  USHER,  surgeon,  was  born 
Aug.  8,  1788,  in  Alfred,  Maine.  He  was 
a  surgeon  of  Providence;  and  the  author 
of  The  Art  of  Making  Anatomic  Prepara 
tions;  Prize  Dissertations;  Sailors'  Phy 
sician;  History  of  the  Battle  of  Lake  Erie; 
and  Life  of  Sir  William  Pepperell.  He 
died  Dec.  19,  1868,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

46 


PARSONS,  WILLIAM,  surveyor,  was 
born  in  England.  In  1743  he  was  appoint 
ed  surveyor-general  of  Pennsylvania,  re 
signing  in  1748.  He  died  in  December, 
1757,  in  Easton,  Pa. 

PARTHEMORE,  E.WINFIELD  SCOTT, 
business  man,  author,  was  born  July  25, 
1852,  in  Highspire,  Pa.  He  is  largely  in 
terested  in  building  and  loan  associations. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  Genealogy  of  the 
Parthemore  Family;  and  A  Genealogy 
of  the  Luding  Bretz  Family. 

PARTON,  ARTHUR,  artist,  was  born 
March  26,  1842.  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.  In  1886 
he  received  a  gold  medal  at  the  prize  ex 
hibition  at  the  American  Art  association 
for  his  Evening  after  the  Rain.  His  pic 
tures  include  November;  On  the  Road 
to  Mt.  Marcy;  and  A  Mountain  Brook. 

PARTON,  ERNEST,  artist,  was  born 
March  17,  1845,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.  Among 
his  paintings  are  Morning  Mist;  Papa's 
Luncheon;  Placid  Stream;  and  Sunny 
September. 

PARTON,  JAMES,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  9,  1822,  in  England.  He  was  a  pop 
ular  writer  of  English  birth  who  came  to 
America  when  very  young  and  for  the 
latter  part  of  his  life  resided  in  Newbury- 
port.  The  permanent  value  of  his  writing 
is  not  great,  with  the  possible  exception  of 
his  Life  of  Voltaire.  He  was  the  author 
of  Lives  of  Greeley,  Aaron  Burr,  Andrew 
Jackson,  Franklin,  Jefferson;  General 
Butler  in  New  Orleans;  Famous  Ameri 
cans  of  Recent  Times;  Smoking  and 
Drinking;  Captains  of  Industry;  Tri 
umphs  of  Enterprise;  Noted  Women  of 
America  and  Europe;  The  People's  Book 
of  Biography;  Caricature  and  Other  Com 
ic  Art;  and  Topics  of  the  Times.  He  died 
in  1891. 

PARTON.  MRS.  SARAH  PAYSON 
[WILLIS]  [ELDRIDGE],  author,  was 
born  July  7,  1811,  in  Portland,  Maine.  She 
was  a  once  popular  but  now  neglected 
writer  who  for  some  sixteen  years  con 
tributed  a  weekly  article  to  The  New  York 
Ledger.  She  was  the  author  of  Rose 
Clark,  a  novel;  Ruth  Hall,  a  novel  more 
or  less  autobiographic;  Fern  Leaves; 
Folly  as  It  Flies;  Ginger  Snaps;  and 
Caper  Sauce.  She  died  Oct.  10,  1872. 

PARTRIDGE,  GEORGE,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  8,  1740,  in  Duxbury,  Mass. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1776  to 
1778,  and  in  1784;  and  a  representative  in 
congress  after  the  adoption  of  the  consti 
tution,  from  1789  to  1791.  He  died  July  7, 
1828,  in  Duxbury,  Mass. 

PARTRIDGE,  OLIVER,  congressman, 
was  born  June  13,  1712,  in  Hatfield,  Mass. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  first  colonial  con 
gress  in  1765.  He  died  July  21,  1792,  in 
Hatfield,  Mass. 

PARTRIDGE,  SAMUEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1841  to  1843.  He  died  April  2,  1883. 

PARTRIDGE,  WILLIAM  ORDWAY, 
sculptor,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1861 
in  France.  He  is  a  sculptor  of  Milton, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Art  for  Amer 
ica;  The  Technique  of  Sculpture;  and 
The  Song  Life  of  a  Sculptor. 

PARVIN,  THEODORE  SUTTON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1817, 
in  Cumberland  county,  N.  J.  He  was 
elected  three  consecutive  terms  as  judge 
of  the  probate  court  of  Iowa.  He  has  been 
grand  secretary  of  the  Masonic  lodge  of 
Iowa,  and  has  edited  a  full  set  of  the  an 
nals  of  the  grand  lodge  from  its  organiza 
tion,  comprising  thirteen  large  volumes. 
He  is  the  author  of  History  of  Iowa;  and 
History  of  Templary  in  Iowa. 


PARVIN,  THEOPHILUS,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1829,  in  Argentine 
Republic.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  physician; 
professor  in  Jefferson  Medical  college;  and 
has  published  The  Science  and  Art  of  Ob 
stetrics. 

PASCHAL,  THOMAS  M.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1845,  in 
Alexandria,  La.  He  moved  to  Brackett, 
Texas,  in  1873,  and  practiced  law  till  1875, 
when  elected  judge  of  the  twenty-fourth 
judicial  district,  to  which  position  he  was 
re-elected  in  1880  and  1884.  In  18i6  he 
was  appointed  agent  between  the  United 
States  and  Mexico,  and  was  reappointed 
in  1880.  In  1875  he  returned  to  Castroville 
and  was  elected  judge  of  the  thirty-eighth 
judicial  district  in  1888.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PASCHALL,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
lawyer,  jurist,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1812,  in  Skull  Shoals,  Ga.  He  was 
a  jurist  of  Texas,  and  later  of  Washing 
ton,  where  he  was  professor  of  jurisprud 
ence  in  Georgetown  college.  He  was  the 
author  of  Annotated  Digest  of  Texas 
Laws;  Decisions  of  Texas  Supreme  Court; 
and  Annotated  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1878,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

PASCO.  SAMUEL,  soldier,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
June  28,  1834,  in  London,  England.  When 
quite  young  he  moved  with  his  father 
first  to  Prince  Edward  Island,  thence  to 
Massachusetts;  was  prepared  for  college 
at  the  high  school  in  Charlestown;  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1858.  In  1859  he 
went  to  Florida  to  take  charge  of  the 
Waukeenah  academy  of  Jefferson  county, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  In  1861 
he  entered  the  confederate  army  as  a  pri 
vate.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1868;  in  1872  became  a  member  of  the 
democratic  state  committee;  and  from 
1876  to  1888  was  its  chairman.  He  has 
represented  Florida  on  the  democratic  na 
tional  committee  since  1880;  and  in  1880 
was  elected  a  presidential  elector  at  large; 
in  1885  was  president  of  the  constitutional 
convention  of  his  state;  and  in  1887,  while 
speaker  of  the  state  house  of  representa 
tives,  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  as  a  democrat,  to  succeed  Charles 
W.  Jones;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  same 
office.  His  term  of  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1899. 

PASKO,  WESLEY  WASHINGTON,  in 
ventor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1840,  in 
Waterloo,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  inventor  of  the 
Pasko  Press;  and  is  the  author  of  Bio 
graphical  History  of  Indiana;  History  of 
Butler  County,  Ohio;  A  Dictionary  of 
Printing  and  Bookmaking;  and  Men  Who 
Advertise. 

PATCHIN,  CLINTON  H.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1830,  in  Ro 
chester,  N.   Y.     For  many  years  he  was 
state   sealer  of 
weights    and     meas 
ures;       has      served 
with  distinction  as  a 
member       of       both 
i^          houses   of    the   state 
legislature     of     Ne 
vada;    and  for  many 
years  was  district  at 
torney      of      Lincoln 
county.    He  Is  one  of 
the     foremost     law 
yers    of    Nevada    at 
Pioche,    and    a    con 
tributor  to  law  journals  and  the  periodical 
press  of  the  west. 

PATCHIN,  JARED,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  April  18,  1828,  in  Benton,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Florida  state  legis 
lature;  was  county  attorney;  and  in  1868 
T,-as  judge  of  the  circuit  court. 


'  k 

I 


722 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PATERSON,  DONALD,  educator,  phy 
sician,  lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1837,  in 
Bennettsville,  S.  C.  He  graduated  in  both 
law  and  medicine  from  the  state  univer 
sity  of  Georgia.  He  has  been  a  professor 
of  mathematics  in  several  institutions;  a 
justice  of  the  peace  for  many  years,  and  a 
leading  attorney  and  practicing  physician 
and  druggist  of  Concord,  Fla. 

PATERSON,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1744  in  New  Britain,  Conn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  provincial  congress 
which  met  at  Salem  in  1744;  and  also  of 
the  congress  of  1775.  In  1777  he  was 
made  a  brigadier-general;  and  in  1783  be 
came  major-general.  In  1792  he  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly;  of 
the  constitutional  convention  of  1801;  and 
a  member  of  congress  in  1803-05.  He  died 
July  19,  1808,  in  Whitney's  Point,  N.  Y. 

PATERSON,  JOHN,  mathematician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1801,  in  Paterson, 
N.  J.  He  published  a  work  on  the  Cal 
culus  of  Operations,  to  which  was  added 
a  supplemental  volume;  and  papers  on 
Weights  and  Measures.  He  died  July  31, 
1883,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

PATERSON,  STEPHEN  VAN  RENS- 
SELAER,  poet,  was  born  in  1817  in  New 
Jersey.  He  was  a  poet  of  New  Jersey, 
whose  version  of  The  Moss  Rose  from  the 
German  of  Krummacher  is  his  best-known 
poem.  He  was  the  author  of  Poems  of 
Twin  Graduates  of  the  College  of  New 
Jersey.  He  died  in  1872. 

PATERSON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1745  at  sea.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  framed 
the  first  constitution  of  New  Jersey  in 
1776;  and  from  that  time  until  the  year 
1786  was  attorney-general  of  the  state. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  federal  constitution,  which  in 
strument  he  signed.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  in  1780  and 
1781;  and  was  one  of  ihe  first  senators 
in  congress  from  1789  to  1790,  when  he  re 
signed.  He  was  governor  of  New  Jersey 
from  1791  to  1794,  when  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States,  which  position  he  held 
until  his  death.  In  1798  and  1799  he 
revised,  by  authority  of  the  legislature, 
the  laws  of  New  Jersey,  a  work  highly 
esteemed,  and  the  foundation  of  the  juris 
prudence  of  the  state.  He  died  Sept.  9, 
1806,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

PATERSON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1817  in 
New  Jersey.  He  is  a  jurist  of  Perth  Am- 
boy,  N.  J.;  and  the  co-author  with  his 
brother  Stephen  of  Poems  of  Twin  Gradu 
ates  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey. 

PATILLO,  HENRY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1726  in  Scotland.  He  was 
active  in  pre-revolutionary  movements,  a 
member  of  the  North  Carolina  provincial 
congress  in  1775,  and  was  chaplain  to  that 
body,  and  chairman  of  the  committee  of 
the  whole.  He  died  in  1801  in  Dinwiddie 
county,  Va. 

PATRICK,  JAMES  RHEECE.  lawyer, 
was  born  March  4,  1855,  in  Armstrong 
county,  Pa.  In  1882  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  Springfield,  111.;  and  subse 
quently  served  as  city  attorney  of  Paxton, 
111.  In  1884  he  moved  to  Nebraska,  an'd 
now  has  a  large  practice  in  Holdrege, 
where  he  takes  an  important  part  in  pub 
lic  affairs. 

PATRICK,  MARSENA  R.,  soldier,  was 
bom  March  15,  1811,  in  Houndsfleld,  N.  Y. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  he  was 
made  inspector-general  of  the  New  York 
militia,  and  became  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  March,  1862.  He  died  July 
27,  1888,  in  Dayton,  Ohio. 


PATTEE,  FRED  LEWIS,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  22,  1863,  in  Bristol, 
N.  H.  He  now  fills  the  chair  of  English 
and  rhetoric  in  the  Pennsylvania  state  col 
lege.  He  is  the  author  of  A  History  of 
American  Literature;  and  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  The  Wine  of  May. 

PATTEN,  CLAUDIUS  BUCHANAN, 
banker,  author,  was  born  in  1835.  He 
was  a  banker  of  Boston  who  published  in 
1885  England  as  Seen  by  an  American 
Banker.  He  died  in  1886. 

PATTEN,  ELLEN,  educator,  poet,  was 
born  May  9,  1834,  in  Hiram,  Ohio.  After 
receiving  a  liberal  education  she  attained 
success  in  educational  work.  She  has  con 
tributed  both  prose  and  verse  to  the  peri 
odical  press,  and  her  poems  have  been  in 
cluded  in  several  standard  works. 

PATTEN,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
soldier,  author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  26, 
1808,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  an  officer 
in  the  United  States  army  who  wrote  the 
noted  lyrics,  The  Seminole's  Reply;  and 
Joys  That  We've  Tasted.  His  published 
books  include,  Army  Manual;  Infantry 
Tactics;  Cavalry  Drill;  and  Voices  of 
the  Border,  a  volume  of  verse.  He  died 
in  1882. 

PATTEN,  JAMES  EDWIN,  journalist, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1865,  in  Cherry  Valley, 
111.  He  received  a  liberal  education;  and 
published  the  first  school  paper  in  the 
state  of  South  Dakota  at  Madison  in  1885. 
In  1887  he  founded  The  Salem  Special  of 
Salem,  S.  D.,  and  has  since  been  its  editor 
and  proprietor.  In  1894-95  he  served  as 
president  of  the  South  Dakota  Press  as 
sociation. 

PATTEN,  JARVIS,  sea  captain,  author, 
was  born  in  1828  in  Bowdoinham,  Maine. 
He  was  several  times  member  of  the  city 
council  of  Bath,  Maine;  compiled  and  pub 
lished  a  work  on  the  Seaports  of  the 
World,  a  valuable  book  of  reference. 

PATTEN,  JOHN,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1746  in  Kent  county,  Del.  He 
was  commissioned  major  in  1779,  and 
fought  in  almost  every  battle  from  Long 
Island  to  Camden,  at  which  he  was  taken 
prisoner.  He  served  in  the  continental 
congress  in  1785-86,  and  in  the  third  con 
gress  in  1793-94,  but  his  seat  was  success 
fully  contested  in  the  latter  year.  He 
died  June  17,  1801,  in  Dover,  Del. 

PATTEN,  JOHN  D.,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat  and 
greenbacker. 

PATTEN,  SIMON  NELSON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1852  in  Illinois.  He 
is  a  professor  of  political  economy  in  the 
university  of  Pennsylvania  from  1888;  and 
the  author  of  The  Stability  of  Prices;  The 
Consumption  of  Wealth;  Economic  Basis 
of  Protection;  Principles  of  Rational  Tax 
ation;  Educational  Value  of  Political 
Economy;  Theory  of  Dynamic  Econom 
ics;  The  Premises  of  Political  Economy; 
and  The  Theory  of  Social  Forces. 

PATTEN,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1763  in  Halifax,  Mass. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Second  Congrega 
tional  church  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  from 
1786  till  1833.  He  published  several  sep 
arate  sermons;  Christianity  the  True  Re 
ligion,  a  reply  to  Thomas  Paine;  Me 
moir  of  Mrs.  Ruth  Patten,  his  mother,  and 
the  daughter  of  Rev.  Eleazar  Wheelock; 
and  Reminiscences  of  Rev.  Samuel  Hop 
kins.  He  died  March  9,  1839,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

PATTENGILL,  HENRY  R..  educator, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1852, 
in  Mount  Vision,  N.  Y.  He  was  professor 
of  literature  in  the  Michigan  Agricultural 
college  during  1886-89;  and  during  1892- 
97  was  superintendent  of  public  instruc 


tion  in  Michigan.  He  is  the  editor  and 
publisher  of  the  Michigan  School  Moder 
ator,  and  Timely  Topics,  of  Lansing;  and 
is  the  author  of  several  text-books  and 
educational  manuals. 

PATTERSON,  ALEXANDER  A.,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1852,  in 
Saratoga,  N.  Y.  In  1889  he  became  presi 
dent  of  the  St.  Joseph  Valley  railway. 

PATTERSON,  CARLILE  POLLOCK, 
naval  officer,  civil  engineer,  was  born  Aug. 
24,  1816,  in  Shieldsborough,  Miss.  He 
was  appointed  a  midshipman  in  the 
United  States  navy  in  1830;  and  subse 
quently  attained  the  rank  of  lieutenant. 
For  many  years  he  was  hydrographic 
inspector  and  a  member  of  the  lighthouse 
board.  He  died  Aug.  15,  1881,  near  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

PATTERSON,  CHRISTOPHER 
STUART,  lawyer,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1842  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  and  professor  of 
the  law  of  real  estate  in  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania  from  1887.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Memoir  of  Theodore  Cuyler;  Rail 
way  Accident  Law;  Federal  Restraints  on 
State  Action;  and  The  United  States 
and  the  State  under  the  Constitution. 

PATTERSON,  DANIEL  TOD,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  March  6,  1786,  on  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.  In  1828  he  was  made  naval 
commissioner,  and  in  1832-36  he  com 
manded  the  Mediterranean  squadron,  after 
which  he  was,  until  his  death,  command 
ant  of  the  navy-yard  at  Washington.  He 
died  Aug.  15, 1839,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

PATTERSON,  DAVID  TROTTER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  28,  1819,  in  Greene  county, 
Tenn.  He  was  elected  a  judge  of  the  cir 
cuit  court  in  1854;  and  re-elected  in  1862. 
In  1865  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Tennessee  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1869,  taking  his  seat  on  the  last  day 
of  the  first  session  of  the  thirty-third  con 
gress.  He  was  son-in-law  of  President 
Andrew  Johnson. 

PATTERSON,  FRANCIS  ENGLE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  June  24,  1827,  in  Philadel 
phia.  He  became  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  1862,  and  participated  in  the 
peninsular  campaign.  He  died  Nov.  22, 
1862,  in  Fairfax  Court-House,  Va. 

PATTERSON,  GEORGE  WASHING 
TON,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1799,  in 
Londonderry,  N.  H.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  state  assembly  for  eight 
years  from  1832  to  1840,  the  last  two  of 
which  he  was  speaker.  He  was  basin  com 
missioner  at  Albany;  and  harbor  com 
missioner  and  quarantine  commissioner  at 
New  York.  He  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  state  in  1848.  He  was  for 
several  years  supervisor  of  Westfield; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

PATTERSON,  JAMES  KENNEDY,  ed 
ucator,  college  president,  was  born  March 
26,  1833,  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  He  en 
tered  the  Hanover  college,  Indiana,  in 
1851,  and  in  course  received  the  degrees 
of  B.  A.,  A.  M.  and  Ph.  D.  He  has  at 
tained  success  in  educational  work;  for 
three  years  was  principal  of  the  Greenville 
Presbyterian  academy,  Ky. ;  was  professor 
of  languages,  history  and  metaphysics  in 
various  institutions;  and  since  1869  has 
been  president  of  the  States  college  of 
Kentucky,  which  has  been  built  up  main 
ly  by  his  efforts.  He  has  been  a  dele 
gate  from  Kentucky  to  the  international 
congress  of  geographical  sciences  at  Paris 
in  1875;  and  a  delegate  to  the  British  as 
sociation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science 
at  Leeds  in  1890;  and  is  a  member  of  nu 
merous  scientific  bodies. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


723 


PATTERSON,  JAMES  WILLIS,  educat 
or,  state  legislator,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  July  2,  1823,  in 
Henniker,  N.  H.  In  1862  he  served  in  the 
New  Hampshire  legislature;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  Hamp 
shire  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  In 
1864  he  was  appointed  a  regent  of  the 
Smithsonian  institution,  and  was  reap- 
pointed  in  1865.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress;  and  in  1866  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1867  and  ending  in  1873. 
He  died  May  4,  1893,  in  Hanover,  N.  H.; 
and  his  portrait  hangs  in  the  new  library 
building  of  the  state  capitol. 

PATTERSON,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1823  to  1825. 

PATTERSON,  JOHN,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  for  four  years  a 
member  of  the  assembly  of  New  York; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1803  to  1805. 

PATTERSON,  JOHN  JAMES,  soldier, 
journalist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  8,  1830,  in  Waterloo,  Pa.  He 
was  editor  of  the  Juniata  Sentinel  in  1852, 
and  for  ten  years  afterward  was  editor 
of  the  Harrisburg  Telegraph.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  legis 
lature  in  1858,  and  the  three  succeeding 
years.  He  removed  to  South  Carolina  in 
1869;  and  was  elected  to  the  senate  of 
the  United  States  for  the  term  commenc 
ing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879. 

PATTERSON,  JOHN  LETCHER,  edu 
cator,  poet,  was  born  June  10,  1862,  in 
Lexington,  Ky.  He  is  principal  of  the 
high  school  at  Versailles,  Ky.,  and  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems. 

PATTERSON,  JOHN  THOMAS,  presi 
dent  of  Hocker  college,  was  born  Dec.  22, 
1826,  in  Winchester,  Ky.  In  1853  he  built 
and  put  in  operation  what  is  known  as  the 
Patterson  Female  institute,  which  he  still 
owns,  situated  at  North  Middletown,  in 
Bourbon  county,  Ky.,  designed  for  young 
ladies.  In  1876  lie  accepted  the  presidency 
of  Hocker  Female  college. 

PATTERSON,  JOSIAH,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
14,  1837,  in  Morgan  county,  Ala.  He  lo 
cated  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  in  1872,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  In  1882  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  state  legis 
lature;  in  1888  he  was  an  elector  for  the 
state  at  large  on  the  democratic  ticket; 
and  in  1890  was  a  candidate  for  governor. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PATTERSON,  MINNIE  W.,  poet,  was 
born  in  1845  in  Michigan.  She  has  trans 
lated  several  volumes  into  English  from 
the  Norse  language.  She  is  the  author  of 
a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Pebbles  from 
Old  Pathways. 

PATTERSON,  MORRIS,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Oct.  26,  1809,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  active  in  the  affairs  of  the 
Presbyterian  church;  the  founder  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Working  Home  for  Blind 
Men,  and  took  active  and  substantial  in 
terest  in  philanthropic  movements  in  Phil 
adelphia.  He  died  Oct.  23,  187§,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

PATTERSON,  ROBERT,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  May  30,  1743,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  a  brigade-major  in  the 
revolutionary  war;  professor  of  mathe 
matics  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania 
from  1779  to  1814,  and  was  for  some  time 
vice-provost.  In  1805  he  was  made  direct- 
tor  of  the  United  States  mint.  He  pub 
lished  The  Newtonian  System;  Treatise 
on  Arithmetic;  edited  Ferguson's  Me 
chanics;  his  Astronomy;  John  Webster's 
Natural  Philosophy;  and  Swing's  Natural 


Philosophy.  He  died  July  22,  1824,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PATTERSON,  ROBERT,  soldier,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1792,  in  Ire 
land.  In  1846  he  was  made  major- 
general  of  volunteers;  and  served  with 
distinction  in  the  Mexican  war. 

PATTERSON,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  4,  1819,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In 
1845  he  became  clerk  to  the  director  of  the 
United  States  mint  in  Philadelphia.  In 
1868  he  drafted  the  plan  of  the  Fidelity 
Trust,  Safe  Deposit  and  Insurance  com 
pany,  the  first  institution  of  that  nature 
in  Philadelphia,  and  became  its  secre 
tary  and  treasurer. 

PATTERSON,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1829  in  Ireland.  Since 
1880  he  has  been  pastor  of  a  church  in 
Brooklyn,  Cal.  His  publications  include 
The  Fables  of  Infidelity  and  the  Facts 
of  Faith;  The  American  Sabbath;  The 
Sabbath,  Scientific,  American,  and  Chris 
tian;  Christianity  the  only  Republican 
Religion;  Christ's  Testimony  to  the 
Scriptures;  and  Egypt's  Place  in  History. 

PATTERSON,  ROBERT  MASKELL, 
educator,  was  born  March  23,  1787,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  elected  profes 
sor  of  natural  philosophy  and  chemistry 
in  the  university  of  Philadelphia;  profes 
sor  in  the  university  of  Virginia  from 
1828  to  1835;  and  director  of  the  United 
States  mint,  Philadelphia,  from  1835  to 
1853.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1854,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

PATTERSON,  ROBERT  MAYNE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  17,  1832,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  Presbyterianism  in 
Philadelphia;  Paradise;  Visions  of 
Heaven;  Elijah  the  Favored  Man;  and 
History  of  the  Synod  of  Pennsylvania. 

PATTERSON,  THOMAS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1817  to  1825. 

PATTERSON,  THOMAS  H.,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  in  May,  1820,  in  New  Or 
leans,  La.  He  was  commissioned  captain 
in  1866,  commodore  in  1871,  commanded 
the  navy-yard  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  was 
president  of  the  naval  board  of  examin 
ers  in  1876-77,  and  in  the  latter  year  be 
came  rear-admiral.  He  was  retired  in 
1883.  He  died  April  10,  1890,  in  Chicago, 
111. 

PATTERSON,  THOMAS  J.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1843  to  1845. 

PATTERSON,  THOMAS  M.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1840,  in 
Ireland.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  attor 
ney  for  the  city  of  Denver,  Colo.  He  was 
elected  a  delegate  from  Colorado  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress;  and  upon  the  ad 
mission  of  Colorado  as  a  state  in  1876 
was  elected  a  representative  from  that 
state  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  dem 
ocrat. 

PATTERSON,  WALTER,  state  legislat 
or,  congressman,  was  born  in  Columbia 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
assembly  of  New  York  in  1818  from  Col 
umbia  county;  and  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1821  to  1823. 

PATTERSON,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  settled  in 
Ohio;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1833  to 
1838. 

PATTERSON,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  June  4,  1789,  in  Londonderry,  N. 
H.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1837  to 
1839.  He  died  Aug.  14,  1838,  in  Warsaw, 
N.  Y. 


PATTI,  ADELINA,  vocalist,  was  born 
Feb.  19,  1843,  in  Spain.  At  the  age  of  nine 
years  Adele  made  a  tour  with  Strakosch 
and  Ole  Bull,  singing  popular  opera  music. 
She  has  since  attained  a  reputation  as  the 
foremost  vocalist  of  the  time. 

PATTI,  CARLOTTA,  vocalist,  was  born 
in  1840  in  Florence,  Italy.  She  is  a 
sister  of  Adelina  Patti;  ana  first  made 
her  appearance  in  concert  in  New  York 
city.  She  has  become  very  popular  in  the 
United  States  and  has  filled  engagements 
in  the  principal  cities. 

PATTISON,  EVERETT  W.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1839,  in 
Waterville,  Maine.  He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  the  west  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.;  and  the  author  of  Missouri  Digest; 
and  numerous  articles  in  law  periodicals. 

PATTISON,  GRANVILLE  SHARP, 
anatomist,  author,  was  born  in  1791  in 
Scotland.  He  is  a  professor  of  anatomy 
in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania;  and  is 
the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Anatomical 
Atlas.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1851,  in  New 
York  city. 

PATTISON,  JOHN  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  June 

13,  1847,   in   Clermont   county,   Ohio.     He 
•was  elected  to  the  Ohio  state  legislature 

from  Hamilton  county  in  1873;  and  was 
attorney  for  the  committee  of  safety  of 
Cincinnati  in  1874-76.  He  was  elected 
vice-president  and  manager  of  the  Union 
Central  Life  Insurance  company  of  Cin 
cinnati  in  1881  and  president  in  1891.  He 
was  elected  state  senator  to  fill  a  vacancy 
in  1890;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sec 
ond  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PATTISON,  ROBERT  EMORY,  lawyer, 
governor,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1850,  in  Quanti- 
co,  Md.  In  1882  he  was  elected  governor 
of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  four  years 
from  January,  1883. 

PATTISON,  ROBERT  EVERETT,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
9,  1800,  in  Benson,  Vt.  He  was  successive 
ly  a  professor  in  Newton  Theological  sem 
inary,  in  Shurtleff  college,  and  in  the 
Union  Baptist  Theological  seminary,  Chi 
cago.  He  was  the  author  of  a  Comment 
ary  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Ephesians.  He 
died  in  1874  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

PATTISON,  T.  HARWOOD,  clergyman, 
educator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec. 

14,  1838,   in   Launceston,   Cornwall,   Eng 
land.     After  graduating   he  took  part  in 
the    political    liberal    movement    in    the 
north  of  England,  and  published  his  work 
entitled   Present   Day   Lectures.     In   1874 
he  traveled  in  the  United  States,  and  ac 
cepted  a  call  to  the  First  Baptist  church 
of   New   Haven,  Conn.;     and  thence  was 
called  to  the  Emmanuel  church  of  Albany, 
N.  Y.     In  1881  he  accepted  the  chair  of 
homiletics  and   pastoral   theology  in   the 
Rochester  Theological  seminary;    and  in 
1895    published   The   History   of  the  En 
glish  Bible;    which  was  followed  by  other 
works. 

PATTON,  ALFRED  SPENCER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1825,  in 
England.  In  1864  he  was  invited  to  Utica, 
N.  Y.,  and  there  built  the  Tabernacle 
Baptist  church.  In  1872  he  purchased  the 
American  Baptist,  an  anti-slavery  journal, 
in  New  York  city,  changing  its  name  to 
The  Baptist  Weekly.  He  wrote  Light  in 
the  Valley;  My  Joy  and  Crown;  Kincaid, 
the  Hero  Missionary;  The  Losing  and 
Taking  of  Mansoul,  or  Lectures  on  the 
Holy  War;  and  Live  for  Jesus.  He  died 
Jan.  12,  1888,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

PATTON,  DAVID  H.,  soldier,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1837,  in 
Fleming  county,  Ky.  He  was  elected  from 
Indiana  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 
democrat. 


724 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


PATTON,  FRANCIS  LANDEY,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  college  president,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1843,  in  Bermuda. 
In  1888  he  became  president  of  Princeton 
college.  He  is  the  author  of  Inspiration 
of  the  Scriptures;  and  Summary  of  Chris 
tian  Doctrine. 

PATTON,  JACOB  HARRIS,  author,  was 
born  in  1812  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  an 
historical  writer  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  Concise  History  of  the 
American  People;  Yorktown,  1781-1881; 
The  Democratic  Party:  Its  History  and 
Influence;  Brief  History  of  the  Presby 
terian  Church  in  the  United  States;  Na 
tural  Resources  of  the  I'nited  States;  Po 
litical  Economy  for  American  Youth; 
Four  Hundred  Years  of  American  His 
tory;  and  Political  Parties  in  the  United 
States. 

PATTON,  JOHN,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1746  in  Kent  county,  Del.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1785  to  1786;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Delaware  from  1793 
to  1794.  He  died  in  June,  1801. 

PATTON,  JOHN,  banker,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  6,  1823,  in  Covington,  Pa. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  that 
state  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress. 

PATTON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  Oct.  30,  1850,  in  Curmersville,  Pa. 
He  graduated  from  Yale  college  in  1875; 
and  from  the  Colum 
bia  Law  school  in 
1887.  The  following 
year  he  moved  to 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
where  he  is  one  of 
the  leading  lawyers 
of  that  state.  On 
May  5,  1894,  he  was 
appointed  United 
States  senator  from 
Michigan,  upon  the 
death  of  Senator 
Stockbridge;  and 
served  until  the  election  of  a  successor. 

PATTON,  JOHN  D.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1829,  in  Indi 
ana,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress. 

PATTON,  JOHN  MERCER,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1796  in 
Virginia.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1830  to 
1838.  He  was  for  some  years,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  judge  of  the  court  of 
appeals.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1858,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va. 

PATTON,  R.  M.,  governor.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Alabama,  and  re 
mained  in  the  office  until  1868. 

PATTON,  THOMAS  DUNCAN,  journal 
ist,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  24, 
1865,  in  Ripley,  Miss.  For  many  years  he 
was  the  editor  of  the  Arkansian,  and  is 
now  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Cotton  Plant, 
Ark.  In  1895  and  in  1897  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Arkansas  state  legislature. 

PATTON,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1798,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  New  York  city,  founder  of  the 
Union  Theological  seminary;  and  the 
author  of  The  Laws  of  Fermentation  and 
the  Wines  of  the  Ancients;  The  Judg 
ment  of  Jerusalem  Predicted  in  Scripture; 
Jesus  of  Nazareth;  and  Bible  Principles 
and  Bible  Characters.  He  died  Sept.  9, 
1879.  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

PATTON,  WILLIAM  WESTON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1821,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  in  New  York  city,  and  presi 
dent  of  Howard  university  from  1877.  He 
was  the  author  of  Spiritual  Victory;  Pray 


er  and  Its  Remarkable  Answers;  The 
Young  Man's  Friend;  Conscience  and 
Law;  and  Slavery  and  Infidelity.  He  died 
Dec.  31,  1889,  in  Westfield,  N.  J. 

PAUL,  AUGUSTUS  CHOUTEAU,  sol 
dier,  was  born  April  16,  1842,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  was  brevetted  major  for  gal 
lantry  in  the  Wilderness,  and  lieutenant- 
colonel  for  meritorious  conduct  at  Spott- 
sylvania  court  house. 

PAUL,  HENRY  MARTYN,  astronomer, 
educator,  was  born  June  25,  1861,  in  Hyde 
Park,  Mass.  During  1880-83  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  astronomy  in  the  university  of 
Tokio,  Japan,  after  which  he  returned  to 
his  post  in  Washington.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  astronomical  monographs  that 
have  been  published  as  appendices  to  the 
annual  volumes  of  the  Observations  of  the 
United  States  naval  observatory. 

PAUL,  HOWARD,  actor,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  16,  1835,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  serial  entitled 
Dashes  of  American  Humor,  which  at 
tained  popularity  both  in  England  and  the 
United  States.  He  next  published  a  suc 
cessful  drama  entitled  A  Mob  Cap.  His 
other  principal  works  are:  The  Young 
Chemist;  Pastimes  of  Youth;  and  The 
Book  of  American  Songs,  with  notes  bio 
graphical  and  critical. 

PAUL,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  June  30,  1839,  in  Rockingham 
county,  Va.  He  was  elected  state  senator 
in  1877,  and  re-elected  in  1879;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Virginia  to 
the  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  western  dis 
trict  of  Virginia. 

PAULDING,  HIRAM,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Dec.  11,  1797,  in  New  York  city.  In 
1811  he  entered  the  navy  as  a  midship 
man;  was  promoted  to  commander  in 
1837;  in  1844  became  captain;  and  was 
promoted  rear-admiral  on  the  retired  list 
in  1862.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1878,  in  Hunting- 
ton,  N.  Y. 

PAULDING,  JAMES  KIRKE,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1779,  in  Mount  Pleas 
ant,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  versatile  and  once 
popular  writer  of  New  York  city,  the 
friend  of  Irving,  and  co-author  with  him 
of  The  Salmagundi  Papers  in  1807.  He 
was  secretary  of  the  navy  in  1837-41.  His 
various  writings  include:  The  Diverting 
History  of  John  Bull  and  Brother  Jona 
than,  his  most  successful  work;  Salma 
gundi,  a  second  series,  1819;  Konings- 
marke,  the  Long  Finne,  a  novel;  John 
Bull  in  America;  The  Dutchman's  Fire 
side;  Lay  of  the  Scottish  Fiddle,  a  tra 
vesty  of  the  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel; 
Westward  Ho;  Merry  Tales  of  the  Three 
Wise  Men  of  Gotham;  The  Puritan  and 
His  Daughter;  The  New  Mirror  for  Tra 
velers;  The  Backwoodsman,  a  poem;  The 
Bucktails,  a  Comedy;  Letters  from  the 
South;  Life  of  George  Washington;  and 
Slavery  in  America,  a  spirited  defence  of 
tnat  institution. 

PAUL1JING,  JOHN,  patriot,  was  born 
in  1758  in  New  York  city.  He  was  one  of 
the  three  captors  of  Andrg,  and  received 
from  congress  a  silver  medal  and  an  an 
nuity  of  two  hundred  dollars.  In  1827  a 
marble  monument  was  erected  to  his 
memory  in  the  churchyard  near  Peekskill, 
by  the  corporation  of  New  York.  He 
died  Feb.  18,  1818,  in  Staatsburg,  N.  Y. 

PAULDING,  TATTNALL,  soldier,  busi 
ness  man,  was  born  July  5,  '1840,  in  Hunt- 
ington,  N.  Y.  During  the  war  he  served 
in  the  sixth  regiment  United  States  cav 
alry  as  captain,  and  was  brevetted  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  He  is  president  of  the 
Delaware  Insurance  company  of  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  and  prominent  in  the  public 
and  business  affairs  of  that  city. 


PAULDING,  WILLIAM,  JR.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1769  in  Tarry- 
town,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1811  to  1813. 
He  died  Feb.  11,  1854,  in  Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 
PAULUS,  CHRISTOPHER,  accountant, 
state  legislator,  was  born  April  17,  1852, 
in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  For  four  years  he 
_ was  clerk  of  the  cir 
cuit  and  county 
courts  of  Milwaukee 
county,  and  during 
„  —  '  ^B  1890-94  was  a  mem 
ber  and  secretary  of 
the  board  of  trustees 
of  the  Asylum  for 
the  Chronic  Insane 
of  Milwaukee  county. 
In  1895  and  1896  he 
served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of 
the  Wisconsin  state 
assembly;  and  took  an  active  part  in  pass 
ing  several  bills  of  importance  to  the 
welfare  of  his  state. 

PAWLING,  LEV1,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1817  to  1819. 

PAXSON,  EDWARD  M.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1824,  in 
Buckingham,  Pa.  He  learned  the  printing 
business,  and  in  1842 
founded  the  New- 
town  Journal;  and  in 
1847  moved  to  Phil 
adelphia,  where  he 
established  the  Daily 
>,  i  News.  He  subse- 
B  quently  turned  his 
attention  to  the 
study  of  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1850.  In  1869 
he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  court  of 
common  picas  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia; 
and  the  following  year  was  elected  to 
the  office.  In  1874  he  was  elected  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  subsequently  chief  justice.  He  ed 
ited  Brown's  Collection  of  Laws,  and  is 
the  author  of  Memoirs  of  the  Johnson 
Family. 

t-A^SON,  WILLIAM  ALPHA,  lawyer, 
author,  poet,  was  born  July  6,  1850,  in 
Greene  county,  Ohio.  In  1875  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  Cincinnati  Law  school,  and 
now  practices  law  in  Jamestown.  Ohio. 
For  years  he  has  been  a  writer  for  vari 
ous  periodicals,  and  has  received  prizes 
for  several  essays.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  of  fiction  entitled  A  Buckeye  Baron; 
and  a  volume  of  poetical  works. 

PAXTON,  JAMES  W.,  was  born  in  1821 
in  Virginia.     In  I860  he  was  made  presi 
dent   of   the   Northwestern   bank   of  Vir 
ginia,     in    Wheeling, 
t    and     converted      it 
\   later  into  the  present 
•    National      bank      of 
"  jr±^  £'      l   West     Virginia.       A 
\   handsome     public 
f  fountain  which 
y    stands    in    front    of 
I   the  city   building   in 
2.          •  \jfr        5   Wheeling,  the  gift  of 
Mr.   Paxton   in   1858, 
is    only    one    of   the 
many  quiet  and  gen 
erous      acts      which 
have     denoted     his     public     spirit,     lib 
erality    and    interest    in    the    city's  wel 
fare.     He  was  a  member  and  was  chair 
man    of    the    committee    on    finance   and 
taxation   and   one  of   the   commissioners, 
appointed   by  the  convention,  to   present 
the   document   for  approval   by   congress 
and  ask  for  the  admission  of  West  Vir 
ginia   as    an    independent   state   into   the 
Union. 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


725 


PAXTON,  JOHN  R.,  soldier,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1843,  in  Canons- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  pastor  of  the  New  York 
avenue  presbyterian  church  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.,  from  1878  till  1882,  when  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Forty-second  street 
presbyterian  church  in  New  York  city. 
In  1887  he  became  chaplain  of  the  sev 
enth  regiment  of  New  York.  He  has  pub 
lished  several  addresses  and  sermons. 

PAXTON,  WILLIAM  M.,  lawyer,  gene 
alogist,  poet,  was  born  March  2,  1819,  in 
Washington,  Ky.  In  1835  he  entered  Cen 
tre  college,  Ken 
tucky,  and  remained 
four  years.  After 
studying  law,  he  set 
tled  at  Platte  City, 
Mo.,  which  is  still 
his  home.  In  1874, 
in  the  midst  of  a 
successful  practice, 

M-^   he    became    hard    of 
I  hearing,  and  had  to 
I   retire  from  the  bar. 
^^|J|   From    this    time    he 
gave  his  attention  to 

poesy.  In  1880  he  issued  a  small  volume 
of  poetry,  entitled  A  Century  Hence,  and 
Other  Poems.  In  1887  he  published  a 
volume  of  four  hundred  and  fifty-four 
pages  entitled  Poems.  He  has  since  pub 
lished  in  pamphlet  form,  A  Story  of  the 
Flood;  and  The  Vision  of  Narva,  a  Legend 
of  Parkville. 

PAXTON,     WILLIAM     MILLER,     edu 
cator,  clergyman,  was  born  June  7,  1824, 
in  Adams  county,  Pa.    In  1843  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  Penn 
sylvania  college,  and 
from    the    Princeton 
Theological        semi- 
(    nary  in  1848,  and  has 
•i   received  the  degrees 
I   of  D.  D.  and  LL.  D. 
i   He    filled    pastor- 
I  ates    in    Greencastle 
A  ^fc*  I   and    Pittsburg,    Pa.; 

I   was  professor  of  sac- 

•^^^  I   red   rhetoric    in    the 

I^K^     iSBm  Western   Theological 
seminary          during 

L8t>0-6o;  was  pastor  of  the  First  Presby 
terian  church  of  New  York  city,  during 
1866-83;  and  for  several  years  was  a  lec 
turer  in  the  Union  Theological  seminary. 
Since  1883  he  has  been  professor  of  eccle 
siastical,  homiletical  and  pastoral  theology 
in  the  Princeton  Theological  seminary.  In 
380  he  was  moderator  of  the  genera'l  as 
sembly  of  the  presbyterian  church  of  the 
United  States;  since  1866  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  foreign  missions,  and 
president  of  the  board  in  1881-83;  and 
since  1867  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  Prince 
ton  college. 

PAYMENT,  RICHARD  C.,  dentist,  pub 
lic  official,  was  born  June  10,  1841,  in  De 
troit,  Mich.     He  received  a  liberal  educa- 
^^^^^^^^^^^^     tion,   and    is   one   of 
the  foremost  dentists 
of      Detroit,      Mich. 
During     1873-75      he 
was     postmaster     at 
Sault      Ste.      Marie, 
Mich.;  and  has  filled 
various   public    posi 
tions  of   honor.     He 
W^         has  been  a   delegate 
^^^^^^    to      various      dental 
'  ^B        I    congresses.        stands 
HB    -^H^H    nj£n    in    nis    profes 
sion  and  contributes 
valuable  articles  to  current  publications. 

PAYNE,  CHARLES  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1830,  in 
Taunton,  Mass.  He  is  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  and  educator,  president  of  Ohio 


Wesleyan  university  in  1876-88,  and  the 
author  of  The  Social  Giass  and  Christian 
Obligation;  Daniel,  the  Uncompromising 
Young  Man;  Guides  and  Guards  in  Char 
acter-Building;  Methodism,  Its  History 
and  Results;  Temperance;  and  Women 
and  Their  Work  in  Methodism. 

PAYNE,  CHARLES  S.,  merchant,  theol- 
ogist.  He  has  been  engaged  chiefly  in 
mercantile,  manufacturing  and  general 
business;  and  has  given  all  his  spare  time 
to  the  study  of  theological  subjects.  One 
of  his  best  lectures,  which  has  been  de 
livered  in  some  of  the  largest  cities  in 
the  Union,  is  entitled  Creation  and  Fall 
of  Man.  His  theories  portend  to  reform  in 
theology;  and  has  published  a  work  on 
that  subject. 

PAYNP:,  DANIEL  ALEXANDER,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1811,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  is  a  methodist  bish 
op  of  African  descent,  president  of  Wil- 
berforce  university  in  1865-76,  and  the 
author  of  Domestic  Education;  History  of 
the  African  Methodist  Church;  and  Recol 
lections  of  Men  and  Things. 

PAYNE,  EDWARD  DUGGAN,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  July  2,  1836,  in  Reading, 
Pa.  He  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon 
in  the  United  States  navy  in  1861.  He  be 
came  past  assistant  surgeon  in  1865, 
surgeon  in  1871,  and  was  retired  in  1876 
on  account  of  the  failure  of  his  health. 
He  has  published  reports  of  cases  in  Con 
tributions  to  Medical  Science  in  the  Unit 
ed  States  Navy  Department;  Medical  Es 
says;  and  United  States  Naval  Sanitary 
and  Medical  Reports. 

PAYNE,  ELWOOD  MILTON,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1869,  in  Penns- 
ville,  Ohio.  He  has  taught  school  in  Ohio, 
Montana  and  Idaho,  and  subsequently 
graduated  in  law  from  the  Northern  In 
diana  Law  school.  After  practicing  a 
while  in  Arkansas,  he  moved  to  Chickasha, 
I.  T.,  where  he  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer. 

PAYNE,  HENRY  B.,  lawyer,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1810,  in  Madison 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presidential  elect 
or  in  1848;  was  elected  a  state  senator  in 
1849  and  1850,  and  was,  for  several  years, 
a  member  of  the  Cleveland  city  council. 
He  was  president  of  the  Columbus  Rail 
road  company.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
a  United  States  senator  from  Ohio  for  six 
years  from  1885. 

PAYNE,  HENRY  C.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Nov.  23,  1843,  in  Ashfield,  Mass. 
Since  1894  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Chicago  and  Northern  Pacific,  and  the 
Chicago  and  Calumet  Terminal  railways. 

PAYNE,  JOHN,  protestant  episcopal 
bishop,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1815,  in  West 
moreland  county,  Va.  After  a  long  and 
arduous  service  of  nearly  twenty  years  on 
the  coast  of  western  Africa,  Bishop  Payne 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  1871. 
completely  broken  in  health  and  strength. 
He  died  Oct.  23,  1874,  in  Westmoreland 
county,  Va. 

PAYNE,  JOHN  HOWARD,  dramatist, 
actor,  was  born  June  9,  1792,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  dramatist  and  actor  of 
New  York  city  in  whose  drama  of  Clari, 
the  Maid  of  Milan,  occurs  the  famous  lyric, 
Home,  Sweet  Home,  his  chief  claim  to  re 
membrance.  From  1841  till  his  death  he 
was  United  States  consul  at  Tunis,  his 
remains  being  removed  from  there  to 
Washington  in  1883.  His  best  plays  in 
clude,  Brutus;  Virginius;  and  Charles  II. 
He  died  in  1852  in  Tunis,  Africa. 


PAYNE,  PERRY  W.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Feb.  11,  1833,  in  Allegheny  county, 
N.  Y.  He  has  attained  prominence  as  a 
lawyer  of  ability  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in 
which  city  he  has  been  a  justice  of  the 
peace  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  edu 
cation. 

PAYNE,  SERENO  E.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  26,  1843,  in  Hamil 
ton,  N.  Y.  During  1868-71  he  was  city 
clerk  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.;  supervisor  in  1871- 
72;  district  attorney  of  his  county  during 
1873-79;  and  during  1879-82  was  president 
of  the  board  of  education.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican;  and  received  the  re-election  to  the 
forty-ninth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty- 
third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congres 
ses. 

PAYNE,  WILLIAM  HAROLD,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  May 
12,  1836,  in  Farmington,  N.  Y.  For  twen 
ty-five  years  he  was 
superintendent  o  £ 
schools  in  Michigan; 
professor  of  science 
and  art  of  teaching 
in  the  university  of 
Michigan  for  eight 
years;  and  since  1887 
has  been  chancellor 
of  the  university  of 
Nashville,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Peabody 
Normal  college  of 
Nashville,  Tenn.  He 
is  the  author  of  School  Supervision;  Out 
lines  of  Educational  Doctrine;  Contribu 
tions  to  the  Science  of  Education;  and 
Lectures  on  Pedagogy. 

PAYNE,  WILLIAM  MORTON,  educa 
tor,  critic,  author,  was  born  in  1858  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  an  educator  and  lit 
erary  critic  of  Chicago,  and  professor  of 
physical  science  in  the  high  school.  He 
is  the  author  of  Our  New  Education;  and 
Little  Leaders. 

PAYNE,  WILLIAM  RILEY,  educator, 
financier,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1862,  in  Three 
Rivers,  Mich.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  university  of 
Michigan,  and  is  now 
secretary  and  treasu 
rer  of  the  university 
of  Nashville,  and  the 
Peabody  Normal  col 
lege.  He  is  also  sec 
retary  of  the  board 
of  education  of  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.,  and  has 
filled  various  other 
public  positions  of 
trust.  He  is  an  au 
thority  on  education 
al  matters;  and  the  author  of  valuable 
papers  on  that  subject. 

PAYNE,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  author,  was  born  May 
19,  1837,  in  Somerset,  Mich.  He  was 
professor  of  mathematics  and  astronomy 
at  Carleton  college  and  director  of  its 
observatory.  He  is  director  of  the  Min 
nesota  state  weather  service.  In  1867  he 
projected  The  Minnesota  Teacher  and 
Journal  of  Education,  which  .he  contin 
ued  for  six  years,  and  in  1882  he  estab 
lished  The  Sidereal  Messenger,  which  he 
still  edits. 

PAYNE,  WINTER  W.,  agriculturist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  2,  1807,  in  Fauquier  county,  Va.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Alabama  legislature  in 
1831,  and  with  the  exception  of  one  year, 
served  in  that  capacity  until  1840.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Alabama  from  1841  to  1847. 


726 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PAYNTER,  LEMUEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Delaware.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1837  to  1841. 

PAYNTER,  SAMUEL,  governor.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  Delaware  in  1824, 
and  remained  in  office  three  years. 

PAYNTER,  THOMAS  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1851,  in  Lewis 
county,  Ky.  He  was  appointed  attorney 
for  Greenup  county,  Ky.,  in  1876,  and 
held  that  office,  under  appointment,  until 
1878,  at  which  time  he  was  elected  to  the 
same  office,  which  he  held  until  1882. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

PAYSON,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  25,  1783,  in  Rindge,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Portland,  Maine,  whose  three  volumes  of 
Sermons  were  for  a  long  time  widely  pop 
ular  in  the  religious  world.  He  died  Oct. 
22,  1827,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

PAYSON,  EDWARD,  author,  was  born 
in  1814.  He  was  a  writer  of  Deering, 
Maine,  and  the  author  of  The  Law  of 
Equivalents  in  Its  Relations  to  Political 
and  Social  Ethics;  Doctor  Tom;  and  The 
Maine  Law  in  the  Balance.  He  died  in 
1890. 

PAYSON,  LEWIS  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1840,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  moved  to  Pontiac, 
111.,  in  1865,  and  was  judge  of  the  county 
court  from  1869  to  1873.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty- 
seventh  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fif 
ty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

PAYSON,  PHILLIPS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1736,  in  Walpole, 
Mass.  From  1757  until  his  death  he  was 
pastor  of  the  congregational  church  in 
Chelsea,  Mass.  He  published  tracts  on 
astronomy  and  natural  philosophy  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  American  Academy 
of  Arts  and  Sciences;  and  several  sermons, 
the  best  known  of  which  is  that  on  the 
Battle  of  Lexington;  and  on  the  Death  of 
Washington.  He  died  Jan.  11,  1801,  in 
Chelsea,  Mass. 

PAYSON,  SETH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  29,  1758,  in  Walpole,  Mass. 
From  1782  until  his  death  he  was  pastor 
of  the  congregational  church  in  Rindge, 
N.  H.  He  published  numerous  sermons, 
and  a  work  against  secret  societies,  entit 
led  Proofs  of  the  Existence  and  Danger 
ous  Tendencies  of  Modern  Illuminism.  He 
died  Feb.  26,  1820,  in  Rindge,  N.  H. 

PEABODY,  ANDREW  PRESTON,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  March 
19,  1811,  in  Beverly,  Mass.  He  was  a  uni- 
tarian  clergyman  of  eminence,  pastor  of 
a  church  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  in  1833-60, 
and  Plummer  professor  of  Christian  mor 
als  at  Harvard  university  in  1860-81.  He 
was  the  author  of  Sermons  of  Consolation; 
Lectures  on  Christian  Doctrine;  Chris 
tianity  the  Fruit  of  Nature;  Moral  Phil 
osophy;  Faults  and  Graces  of  Conversa 
tion;  Sermons  for  Children;  Christianity 
and  Science;  King's  Chapel  Sermons; 
Reminiscences  of  European  Travel;  Chris 
tian  Belief  and  Life;  Baccalaureate  Ser 
mons;  Building  a  Character;  Harvard 
Graduates  Whom  I  Have  Known;  Har 
vard  Reminiscences;  and  translations  of 
the  ethical  writings  of  Cicero  and  Plu 
tarch's  Delay  of  Divine  Justice.  He  died 
in  1893. 

PEABODY,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  July  10,  1814,  in 
Sandwich,  N.  H.  He  has  twice  been  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York,  and 


also  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
provisional  court  of  Louisiana,  and  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state 
of  Louisiana.  Nearly  the  whole  of  his 
professional  life  has  been  spent  in  New 
York  city,  with  the  exception  of  the  few 
years,  during  the  war,  when  he  was  pre 
siding  over  the  courts  above  mentioned  in 
the  south. 

PEABODY,  ELIZABETH  PALMER,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  May  16,  1804,  in 
Billerica,  Mass.  She  was  a  noted  educator 
of  Boston,  and  very  active  in  awakening 
American  interest  in  the  kindergarten  sys 
tem,  and  in  her  early  life  associated  in 
teaching  with  A.  B.  Alcott,  as  related  in 
her  Record  of  a  School.  Her  other  works 
include:  Chronological  History  of  the  Uni 
ted  States;  Kindergarten  Guide;  ^Esthetic 
Papers;  Letters  to  Kindergarteners;  First 
Steps  to  History;  Reminiscences  of  Dr. 
Channing;  and  Last  Evening  with  Allston, 
and  Other  Papers.  She  died  Jan.  4,  1894, 
in  Jamaica  Plains,  Mass. 

PEABODY,  EPHRAIM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  22,  1807,  in  Wilton, 
N.  H.  He  was  pastor  of  King's  chapel  of 
Boston  in  1846-56;  originator  of  Boston 
Provident  society;  and  was  the  author  of 
sermons  and  Christian  Days  and 
Thoughts.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1856,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

PEABODY,   GEORGE,    banker,    philan 
thropist,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1795,  in  Dan- 
vers,  Mass.    He  is  said  to  have  given  more 
_____^___       than      $2,000,000      to 
the  founding  of  col 
leges,     schools     and 
scientific          institu 
tions,     and     $300,000 
for  the  benefit  of  the 
working     classes    of 
London.      He   estab- 
l   lished  Yale  college  of 
•     New   Haven,   Conn.; 
|  assisted  Peabody  Mu- 
'    seum  of  Natural  His 
tory,    and    the   Pea- 
body     museum     and 
American    archaeology 
and  ethnology  in  connection  with  the  Har 
vard  university,  by  a  donation  of  $150,000 
for  each.    He  died  Nov.  4,  1869,  in  London, 
England. 

PEABODY,  JAMES  H.,  merchant,  bank 
er,    was   born    Aug.    21,    1852,    in   Orange 
county,  Vt.    In  1871  lie  moved  to  Pueblo, 
Colo.,    where   lie   \v;is 
employed    in   a   dry- 
goods      store;       and 
afterward   moved   to 
Denver,     thence     to 
Canon  City,  where  in 
1875  he  took  charge 
of    the    management 
of  the  store  of  James 
Clelland,  the  leading 
^^Hj^^    merchant      of      that 
I    city.    He  subsequent- 
HBH    'y  became  a  partner, 
and     in     1881     pur 
chased  the   entire   business.     In   1885   he 
was  elected  county  clerk;    is  prominent  in 
municipal    affairs,    and    president    of   the 
First    National    bank,    of   which   he    was 
one  of  the  organizers. 

PEABODY,  OLIVER  WILLIAM 
BOURNE,  clergyman,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  July  9,  1799,  in  Exeter,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  lawyer  and  journalist  of  Boston, 
subsequently  a  Unitarian  clergyman  and 
pastor  of  a  church  in  Burlington,  Vt.,  in 
1845-48.  He  published  Lives  of  Generals 
Sullivan  and  Putnam,  in  Sparks's  Ameri 
can  Biography;  and  an  edition  of  Shakes 
peare  with  Life  and  Notes.  He  died  July 
5,  1848,  in  Burlington,  Vt. 


professorship     of 


PEABODY,  PHILIP  GLENDOwKR, 
lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1857,  in  New 
York  city,  and  is  a  son  of  Charles  A.  Pea- 
body,  an  eminent  jurist.  He  graduated 
from  Columbia  college  in  1877;  in  1880 
from  the  Columbia  Law  school,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  New  York  bar.  In  1885 
he  moved  to  Boston,  where  he  has  been 
president  of  the  New  England  Anti-Vivi 
section  society  for  many  years.  He  is. 
also  president  of  the  National  Con 
stitutional  Liberty  league;  president  of 
the  National  Scientific  Family  Culture 
institute;  vice-president  of  the  Massachu 
setts  society  for  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Animals;  and  vice-president  of  the  Illi 
nois  Anti- Vivisection  society.  He  has  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  A.  B.,  A.  M.,  LL.  B. 
and  M.  D.  He  is  an  extensive  traveler  and 
has  visited  nearly  all  the  countries  of  Eu 
rope.  He  has  one  of  the  largest  private 
libraries  in  Boston,  numbering  about  ten 
thousand  volumes,  for  which  he  has  erect 
ed  a  suitable  library  building. 

PEABODY,  SELIM  HOBART,  educator, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1829, 
in  Rockingham,  Vt.  He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  university  of  Illinois;  presi 
dent  of  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences; 
president  of  State  Teachers'  associations 
of  Wisconsin  and  Illinois;  president  of 
the  National  Council  of  Education;  and 
in  1893  he  was  chief  of  the  department  of 
liberal  arts.  World's  Columbian  exposi 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  works  on 
natural  history,  arithmetic,  astronomy; 
compiler  of  American  Patriotism,  and  first 
editor-in-chief  of  the  International  Ency 
clopedia. 

PEABODY,  THOMAS  HAZARD,  lawyer, 
journalist,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1839,  in. 
North  Stonington,  Conn.  In  1888  he  be 
gan  the  publication  of  the  Westerly  Daily 
Tribune,  R.  I.,  the  first  prohibition  daily 
newspaper  in  the  world,  and  he  still  re 
mains  the  editor  and  owner.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  general  assembly  of 
Rhode  Island,  and  has  been  the  prohibi 
tion  candidate  for  governor  and  for  con 
gressman  several  times. 

PEABODY,  WILLIAM  BOURNE  OLI 
VER,  clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born 
in  1799  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  a 
Unitarian  clergyman,  pastor  of  a  church 
in  Springfield,  Mass.,  in  1820-47.  He  was 
the  author  of  Lives  of  A.  Wilson,  Cotton 
Mather,  Brainerd,  and  Oglethorpe,  in 
Sparke's  American  Biography;  and  Re 
port  on  Birds  of  the  Commonwealth.  As 
a  poet  he  is  best  represented  by  such 
poems  as  Monadnock;  Hymn  of  Nature; 
and  Winter  Night.  He  died  May  28,  1847, 
in  Springfield,  Mass. 

PEACOCK,  DRED,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  April  12,  1864,  in 
Stantonsburg,  N.  C.  In  1887  he  graduated 
as  valedictorian  from  Trinity  college, 
North  Carolina,  receiving  the  degrees  of  A. 
B.  and  A.  M.  In  1887-88  he  was  principal  of 
the  Lexington  Female  seminary;  was 
professor  of  Latin  and  science  in  the 
Greensboro  Female  college  in  1888-94,  and 
since  1894  has  been  president  of  that  in 
stitution. 

PEACOCK,  THOMAS  BROWER,  poet, 
was  born  April  16,  1852,  in  Cambridge, 
Ohio.  For  ten  years  he  was  associate  edi 
tor  of  the  Kansas  Democrat  of  Topeka. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Vendetta  and 
Other  Poems;  The  Rhyme  of  the  Border 
War;  Poems  of  the  Plains  and  Songs  of 
the  Solitudes,  and  other  works.  During 
the  World's  Columbian  exposition  he 
read  his  famous  Columbian  Ode  before 
the  public  press  congress,  which  was 
highly  praised.  As  a  lecturer  he  has  at 
tained  phenomenal  success. 


HERRTNGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


727 


PEAKE,  EBENEZER  STEELE,  clergy 
man,  missionary,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1830, 
in  Andes,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Academy 
of  Kingsborough, 
and  subsequently  at 
tended  the  Academy 
of  Delhi,  N.  Y.  In 
1848  he  was  princi 
pal  of  a  classical 
parish  school  at  Co- 
hoes,  N.  Y.,  and  the 
following  year  en 
tered  the  Theological 
seminary  of  the 
episcopal  church  at 
Nashotah,  Wis.  In 
1852  he  was  ordained,  and  immediately 
elected  tutor  at  Nashotah,  holding  that 
position  for  the  next  three  years.  At  the 
wish  of  Bishop  Kemper  he  moved  to  Wis 
consin,  and  in  1856  became  an  associate 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Breck  in  the  mission  to 
the  Chippewa  Indians.  With  his  wife  he 
spent  six  years  among  the  Indians  at  the 
mission  of  Gull  Lake  and  Crow  Wing. 
Next  he  was  chaplain  of  the  twenty- 
eighth  regiment,  Wisconsin  volunteer  in 
fantry,  going  with  them  to  the  field  in 
the  southwest,  and  remaining  to  the  end 
of  the  war.  He  returned  to  Minnesota, 
but  accepted  the  rectorship  of  the  Trinity 
church  of  San  Jose,  Gal.;  and  four  years 
later  of  St.  Luke's  church,  of  San  Fran 
cisco,  spending  twelve  years  in  Califor 
nia.  In  1878  he  returned  to  Minnesota, 
and  engaged  in  missionary  work  along 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  so  continu 
ing  until  1889,  when  he  accepted  the  chap 
laincy  of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  of  Faribault, 
Minn.,  the  famous  school  for  girls. 

PEAKE,  THOMAS  DE  WITT,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  19, 
1843,  in  Princeton,  Ohio.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  and  gradu 
ated  from  Hartsville  university.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  successful  teacher; 
was  educated  for  the  law,  and  is  now  one 
of  the  foremost  clergymen  of  the  metho- 
dist  episcopal  church  in  Wisconsin  at 
Beloit.  He  is  also  an  orator  of  unusual 
power,  and  a  noted  theologian.  He  is 
the  author  of  Sanctification;  The  Sym 
bolism  of  Solomon's  Temple;  Methodism 
and  the  Children;  The  Intermediate  State; 
and  other  works.  He  is  a  prominent 
Mason,  and  owns  the  largest  private 
library  in  the  state  of  Wisconsin. 

PEAKES,  EMILY  W.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1847,  in  Harmony,  Maine. 
She  is  a  teacher  of  literature  in  the  high 
school  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

PEALE,  ANNA  CLAYPOOLE,  artist, 
was  born  March  6,  1791,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  She  devoted  herself  at  first  to  still- 
life  subjects,  but  afterward  followed  min 
iature-painting.  She  executed  miniatures 
of  Gen.  Lallemand,  James  Monroe,  An 
drew  Jackson,  and  Com.  William  Bain- 
bridge.  She  died  Dec.  25,  1878,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

PEALE,  CHARLES  WILSON,  artist,  in 
ventor,  author,  was  born  April  16,  1741,  in 
Chestertown,  Md.  He  was  an  artist,  in 
ventor,  and  miscellaneous  writer  of  Phil 
adelphia,  among  whose  works  are,  On 
Building  Wooden  Bridges;  Domestic  Hap 
piness;  and  Economy  in  Fuel.  He  died 
Feb.  22,  1827,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PEALE,  JAMES,  soldier,  artist,  was 
born  in  1749,  in  Annapolis,  Md.  He  turned 
his  attention  principally  to  portrait-paint 
ing,  executing  many  miniatures  and  port 
raits  in  oil,  including  a  full-length  port 
rait  of  Washington,  which  has  been  en 
graved.  One  of  his  portraits  of  Washing 
ton  is  in  the  New  York  Historical  society; 


the  other,  painted  in  1795,  in  Independence 
hall,  Philadelphia.  He  died  May  24,  1831, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PEALE,  JAMES,  artist,  was  born  March 
6,  1779,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1813  he 
exhibited,  at  the  Columbia  society  of  Ar 
tists,  a  view  of  High  street  bridge.  His 
other  works  include  a  painting  of  an  en 
gagement  between  the  privateer  schooner 
Cornet,  of  Baltimore,  and  a  Portuguese 
sloop-of-war;  View  of  German  town;  View 
of  Water-Gap  and  Breaking  Away  of  a 
Storm;  and  Fairmount  Water-Works.  He 
died  Oct.  27,  1876,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PEALE,  RAPHAELLE,  artist,  was  born 
Feb.  17,  1774,  in  Annapolis,  Md.  He  began 
painting  portraits  in  1804,  but  paid  also 
much  attention  to  the  painting  of  still- 
life  subjects,  in  which  branch  of  art  he 
was  very  successful.  He  died  March  25, 
1825,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PEALE,  REMBRANDT,  artist,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1788,  in  Bucks  county, 
Pa.  He  was  an  artist  of  Philadelphia 
and  the  author  of  Notes  on  Italy;  Port 
folio  of  an  Artist;  and  Graphics.  He  died 
Oct.  3,  1860,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PEALE,  SARAH  M.,  artist,  was  born 
May  19,  1800,  in  Philadelphia.  She  exe 
cuted  portraits  of  Com.  William  Bain- 
bridge,  Henry  A.  Wise,  Caleb  Cushing, 
Dixon  H.  Lewis,  and  other  public  men. 
Lafayette  accorded  her  four  sittings  in 
1825.  She  died  Feb.  4,  1885,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

PEALE,  TITIAN  RAMSEY,  artist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1800  in  Philadelphia. 
From  1849  till  1872  he  was  an  examiner 
in  the  patent-office  at  Washington.  He 
was  the  author  of  Mammalia  and  Ornith 
ology.  He  died  March  13,  1885,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

PEALER,  RUSSELL  R.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1842,  in 
Greenwood,  Pa.  Since  1867  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Three  Rivers,  Mich.  He  has 
been  prosecuting  attorney;  circuit  court 
commissioner;  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature,  and  in  1881  was  elected  judge  of 
the  fifteenth  circuit. 

PEARCE,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Whitesboro,  N.  Y.  He  settled  in  St.  Louis 
in  1866,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  began  the  practice  of  law  in  1867.  In 
1891  he  was  appointed  chairman  Sioux 
Indian  commission;  and  in  1894  went  to 
India  and  Japan  to  investigate  the  indus 
tries  of  the  Orient.  In  1896  he  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

PEARCE,  CHARLES  SPRAGUE,  artist, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1831,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
His  best  known  works  are,  Death  of  the 
First-Born  of  Egypt;  Pet  of  the  Harem; 
and  Decapitation  of  John  the  Baptist,  of 
which  the  latter  received  honorable  men 
tion  at  the  salon,  a  prize  at  the  Philadel 
phia  academy,  and  a  medal  in  Boston. 

PEARCE,  CROMWELL,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1772,  in  Willis- 
town,  Pa.  He  was  a  captain  of  militia  in 
1793-98.  He  resigned  from  the  army  in 
1815,  became  sheriff  of  Chester  county, 
Pa.,  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1824; 
and  in  1825-39  was  an  associate  justice  of 
the  county  court.  He  died  April  2,  1852, 
in  Willistown,  Pa. 

PEARCE,  DUTTEE  JERAULD,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  10,  1789,  on  Prudence  Island,  R.  I. 
He  was  at  one  time  attorney-general  of 
state,  and  United  States  district  attorney 
for  his  district.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1825 
to  1833,  and  again  from  1835  to  1837.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1821;  and 
served  in  the  legislature  of  Rhode  Island. 
He  died  May  9,  1849,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 


PEARCE,  EBENEZER,  soldier,  educa 
tor,  journalist,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1839,  in 
Evansburgh,  Pa.  He  is  now  the  editor 
and  owner  of  The  Republican,  of  White 
Hall,  111.;  and  is  prominent  in  public 
affairs. 

PEARCE,  JAMES  ALFRED,  lawyer, 
educator,  legislator,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1805,  in 
Alexandria,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Maryland  legislature  in  1831.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1835  to  1839,  and  from  1841  to  1843. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  1843  to 
1862.  He  held  the  post  of  professor  of  law 
in  Washington  college,  of  Chestertown, 
and  was  a  regent  of  the  Smithsonian  in 
stitution.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  senate 
for  the  term  commencing  March,  1863.  He 
died  Dec.  20,  1862,  in  Chestertown,  Md. 

PEARCE,  JOHN  J.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1855  to  1857.  He  died  May  30,  1888,  in 
Harrisburg,  Pa. 

PEARLE,  MARY,  temperance  advocate, 
lecturer,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1849,  in 
Ireland.  She  received  her  education  in 
Dublin;  and  held  many  important  posi 
tions  in  different  schools  and  missions  in 
the  land  of  her  nativity.  In  1881  she  came 
to  America,  and  seven  years  later  was  en 
gaged  in  lecturing  in  Ohio  on  temperance 
and  social  purity.  She  is  corresponding 
secretary  and  lecturer  for  the  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  union;  and  secre 
tary  of  the  Peace  by  Arbitration  society. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  large  number  of 
poems,  some  of  which  have  appeared  in 
several  standard  collections. 

PEARSE,  JOHN  BARNARD,  chemist, 
author,  was  born  April  19,  1842,  in  Phil 
adelphia.  He  was  in  charge  of  the  chem 
ical  division  of  the  United  States  army 
laboratory  in  Philadelphia  in  1863-65.  He 
has  published  A  Concise  History  of  the 
Iron  Manufacture  of  America. 

PEARSON,  ALBERT  J.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  May  20, 
1846,  in  Centreville,  Ohio.  He  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Monroe  county,  Ohio, 
for  three  successive  terms;  and  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  for  two  years.  He  was 
probate  judge  of  Monroe  county  for  six 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  Fifty-second 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

PEARSON,  ALFRED  L.,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1838,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
In  1888  he  became  commander  of  the  Na 
tional  Union  Veteran  legion.  He  edited 
the  Sunday  Critic  in  1886-87,  and  is  the 
author  of  three  plays. 

PEARSON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  lecturer, 
reformer,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1842,  in  Ire 
land.  He  is  an  eminent  clergyman  of  the 
episcopal  church,  and  since  1865  has  filled 
some  of  the  most  responsible  pastorates 
in  the  Cincinnati  conference.  He  has 
served  full  terms  as  presiding  elder  of 
several  districts  with  distinguished  suc 
cess,  and  was  stationed  in  Cincinnati  for 
sixteen  years.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
general  conference  of  1892,  and  a  reserve 
delegate  to  the  general  conferences  of 
1888  and  1896.  He  is  a  member  of  a  dozen 
boards  of  trustees,  and  for  many  years 
has  been  secretary  of  the  board  of  trus 
tees  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  meth 
odist  deaconess  work,  and  the  Christ  hos 
pital  of  Cincinnati.  For  seven  years  he 
was  president  of  the  Law  and  Order  league 
and  of  the  Municipal  Reform  league  of 
Cincinnati;  and  for  over  thirty  years  has 
contributed  valuable  articles  to  current 
publications. 


728 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PEARSON,  JONATHAN,  genealogist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1813, 
in  Chichester,  N.  H.  He  is  a  genealogist 
who  was  professor  of  chemistry  and  sub 
sequently  of  botany  at  Union  college  from 
1839.  He  is  the  author  of  Early  Records 
of  the  County  of  Albany;  Genealogy  of 
the  First  Settlers  of  Albany;  and  Geneal 
ogies  of  the  First  Settlers  of  Schenectady. 

PEARSON,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Rowan 
county,  N.  C.  He  served  two  years  in 
the  state  legislature,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  North  Carolina, 
from  1809  to  1815.  He  died  Oct.  27,  1834, 
in  Salisbury,  N.  C. 

PEARSON,  PETER  HENRY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  30,  1864,  in  Swe 
den.  He  has  been  the  traveling  corres 
pondent  of  several  leading  newspapers, 
and  is  the  author  of  a  History  of  Sweden. 

PEARSON,  RICHARD  MUMFORD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  June  28,  1805,  in 
Davie  county,  N.  C.  He  was  in  the  North 
Carolina  legislature  in  1829-33,  and  an  un 
successful  candidate  for  congress  in  1834. 
He  was  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  in 
1836-48,  and  at  the  latter  date  he  was  el 
evated  to  the  supreme  bench.  He  died 
Jan.  12,  1878,  in  Winston,  N.  C. 

PEARSON,  RICHMOND,  state  legislat 
or,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1852, 
in  Richmond  Hill,  N.  C.  In  1874  he  was 
appointed  United  States  consul  at  Ver- 
viers  and  Liege,  Belgium;  was  a  member 
of  the  North  Carolina  legislature  in  1885 
and  again  in  1887.  He  was  one  of  the 
originators  of  the  coalition  which  over 
whelmed  the  democratic  party  in  North 
Carolina  in  1894.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  an  independent 
protectionist,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

PEARSONS,  DANIEL,  KIMBALL,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  April  14,  1820,  in 
Bradford,  Vt.  Among  his  many  gifts  for 
the  advancement  of  Christianity,  educa 
tion  and  charity,  have  been  $280,000  to 
the  Chicago  Theological  seminary;  $200,- 
000  to  Beloit  college;  $50,000  each  to  Knox 
college,  Colorado  college,  Yankton  col 
lege,  the  Pacific  university  in  Oregon, 
Whitman  college  in  Washington,  and 
Drury  college  in  Missouri;  $60,000  to  a 
hospital  in  Chicago;  and  $50,000  for  the 
relief  of  the  suffering  poor. 

PEASE,  ALFRED  HUMPHREYS,  mu 
sician,  composer,  was  born  May  6,  1838,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  was  a  brilliant  pian 
ist  and  the  author  of  a  number  of  well 
known  compositions.  He  died  July  12, 
1882,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

PEASE,  EDWARD  M.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  in  Connec 
ticut.  He  was  secretary  of  the  general 
council  of  the  provincial  government  of 
Texas  in  1835-36;  then  became  chief  clerk 
of  the  navy  department,  and  afterward 
chief  clerk  of  the  treasury  department  of 
the  Texas  government.  In  1836  he  was 
clerk  of  the  judiciary  committee  of  the 
house  of  representatives  of  Texas.  In 
1837  he  became  comptroller  of  public  ac 
counts  of  Texas,  and  in  1846  was  elected 
a  representative  in  the  Texas  legislature. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1848  and  1850,  and  in 
1853  was  elected  governor  of  Texas,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1855.  He  was  provision 
al  governor,  by  appointment,  from  1867 
to  1869.  He  died  in  1883. 

PEASE,  GEORGE  E.  H.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1833,  in  Nor 
folk,  Conn.  In  1876  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Colorado  state  constitutional  conven 
tion;  a  state  representative  in  1885-87,  and 
in  1892  was  elected  to  the  state  senate. 
He  died  May  22,  1895. 


PEASE,  HENRY  ROBERTS,  soldier, 
journalist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Feb.  19,  1835,  in  Connecticut.  In 
1865  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of 
education  for  the  state  of  Louisiana,  while 
under  military  rule,  and  was  elected  su 
perintendent  of  education  of  the  state  in 
1869.  He  edited  and  published  the  Missis 
sippi  Educational  Journal,  the  first  maga 
zine  ever  devoted  to  popular  education  in 
the  south.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy  for  the 
term  ending  in  1875. 

PEASE,  JOSEPH  IVES,  engraver,  was 
born  Aug.  9,  1809,  in  Norfolk,  Va.  His 
plates  are  engraved  in  pure  line,  with 
much  taste  and  excellence  of  execution, 
and  are  faithful  renderings  of  the  origi 
nal  paintings.  His  Tough  Story,  after 
Mount;  Mumble  the  Peg,  after  Inman; 
and  Young  Traders,  after  Page,  are  choice 
examples  of  his  work.  He  died  July  2, 
1883,  in  Twin  Lakes,  Conn. 

PEASE,  PHINEAS,  soldier,  was  born 
April  16,  1826,  in  Somers,  Conn.  He 
became  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  forty- 
ninth  Illinois  infantry  at  the  beginning  of 
the  civil  war,  and  in  1865  he  received  the 
brevet  of  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 
In  1885  he  became  receiver  and  general 
manager  of  the  Cleveland  and  Marietta 
railroad. 

PEASE,  THEODORE  CLAUDIUS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1853  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Maiden,  Mass..  and  the  author  of 
The  Christian  Ministry.  He  died  in  1893. 
PEASELEE,  EDMUND  RANDOLPH, 
physician,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
22,  1814,  in  Rockingham  county,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  physician  of  New  York  city,  medi 
cal  professor  in  several  institutions,  and 
the  author  of  Human  Histology;  and 
Ovarian  Tumors.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1878, 
in  New  York  city. 

PEASLEE,  CHARLES  H.,  public  offi 
cial,  congressman,  was  born  in  February, 
1804,  in  Gilmanton,  N.  H.  He  was  a 
state  representative  from  1833  to  1837, 
and  adjutant-general  of  New  Hampshire 
from  1839  to  1847.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1847  to  1853,  and  was  collector  of  customs 
at  Boston  from  1853  to  1857.  He  died 
in  October,  1866,  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

PEATTIE,  MRS.  ELIA  WILKINSON, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1862  in 
Michigan.  She  is  a  journalist  of  Chicago, 
and  the  author  of  The  Judge,  a  novel; 
A  Trip  Through  Wonderland,  a  volume 
of  Alaska  travel;  With  Scrip  and  Staff, 
a  story  of  the  Children's  Crusade;  and  A 
Mountain  Woman. 

PECK.  ASAHEL,  governor,  was  born 
in  1803  in  Royalton,  Mass.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Vermont,  serving 
until  1876. 

PECK,  CLARISSA  C.,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  1797.  She  became  well  known 
as  a  philanthropist  of  her  time.  She 
died  in  1884. 

PECK,  EBENEZER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  May  22,  1805,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  In  1835  he  emigrated  to 
Chicago,  111.,  and  was  several  times  elect 
ed  to  the  senate  and  house  of  representa 
tives  of  that  state.  He  was  appointed 
reporter  of  its  decisions  by  the  supreme 
court  of  Illinois,  which  office  he  held  for 
more  than  thirteen  years  from  1850,  and 
until  he  was,  in  1863,  made  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  court  of  claims  in  Washing 
ton. 

PECK.  EDWARD  JAMES,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1806,  near  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  left  one  hundred  thou 
sand  dollars  to  Wabash  college,  Indiana. 
He  died  Nov.  6,  1876,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


PECK,  ERASMUS  D.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  16,  1808,  in  Connecticut.  He 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1830,  and  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1856  and 
1858.  He  was  examining  surgeon  for  the 
army  and  for  pensions.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-first  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-second 
congress  as  a  republican. 

PECK,  FERDINAND  WYTHE,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  July  15,  1848,  in  Chi 
cago,  111.  He  has  contributed  liberally  to 
the  cultivation  of  musical  taste,  and  in 
1886  organized  and  became  president  of  a 
joint  stock  company  for  the  erection  of 
the  Chicago  auditorium  and  hotel,  the 
largest  building  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 

PECK,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  8,  1797,  in  Mkldlefield,  N. 
Y.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman  of 
prominence  who  was  editor  of  several 
denominational  journals,  and  the  author 
of  Christian  Perfection;  Early  Method 
ism;  Wyoming  and  Its  History;  Univer- 
salism  Examined;  History  of  the  Apostles 
and  Evangelists;  Rule  of  Faith;  and 
Manly  Character.  He  died  May  20,  1876, 
in  Scranton,  Pa. 

PECK,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  jour 
nalist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1817,  in  Rehoboth, 
Mass.  He  removed  to  Michigan,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  that  state 
in  1846  and  1847,  serving  as  speaker  dur 
ing  the  latter  year.  He  was  afterwards 
chosen  secretary  of  state,  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Michigan 
from  1855  to  1857.  He  was  the  author  of 
Melbourne  and  the  Chinchu  Islands.  He 
died  June  6,  1859,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PECK,  GEORGE  WESLEY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1849,  in  King 
ston,  Pa.  He  is  a  methodist  clergyman  of 
western  New  York,  and  the  author  of 
The  Realization  and  Benefit  of  Ideals;  and 
Walk  in  the  Light. 

PECK,   GEORGE   WILBUR,  journalist, 
governor,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1840,  in  Hen 
derson,   N.   Y.     He  learned  the   printer's 
trade,  and  has  prin 
cipally  been  engaged 
in     journalism.       In 
1863   he   entered   the 
war  as  a  member  of 
Myb'f"  )         the  fourth   regiment, 
Wisconsin   volunteer 
cavalry,      and      was 
L^^r-  soon      commissioned 

I    as  second  lieutenant 
of  company  L.    After 

^^^^^V^^jl    |    the    war    he    estab- 
•taMcJH  lished     The     Repre 

sentative    of    Ripon, 

Wls.;  was  elected  city  treasurer  in  1867, 
and  subsequently  was  engaged  as  editor 
by  M.  M.  Pomeroy,  first  in  New  York 
city,  and  then  on  the  La  Crosse  Democrat. 
He  served  as  chief  of  police  of  La 
Crosse.  In  1847  he  started  The  Sun, 
which  he  subsequently  moved  to  Milwau 
kee;  attained  success  as  a  humorous  paper, 
and  for  many  years  had  a  circulation  of 
eighty  thousand  copies  per  week.  He  was 
elected  the  fifth  democratic  governor  of 
Wisconsin,  and  served  during  1891-94  with 
distinction  in  that  high  office. 

PECK,  HARRY  THURSTON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1856  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  a  professor  of  Latin  at  Columbia 
college;  a  literary  critic;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Latin  Pronunciation;  and  The 
Semitic  Theory  of  Creation. 

PECK,    JARED    V..    congressman,    was 
born  in  New  York.     He  was  a  represen 
tative   in  congress   from  that  state   from 
1853  to  1855. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


729 


PECK,  JAMES  H.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  made  judge 
of  the  United  States  district  court  for 
Missouri.  He  died  May  1,  1837,  in  St. 
Charles,  Mo. 

PECK,  JESSE  TRUESDELL,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  April  4,  1811,  in  Middle- 
field,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  bishop  in  the  meth- 
odist  church;  and  the  author  of  The 
Central  Idea  of  Christianity;  The  True 
Woman;  What  Must  I  Do  to  be  Saved?; 
and  The  Great  Republic.  He  died  May 
17,  1883,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

PECK,  JOHN  EDWIN,  lawyer,  was 
born  Aug.  14,  1868,  in  Blacksburg,  Va. 
He  received  a  liberal  e'ducation,  and  fin 
ished  at  the  West  Virginia  university. 
He  has  attained  success  as  a  lawyer  of 
Logan,  W.  Va.;  and  has  been  prosecut 
ing  attorney  of  his  county. 

PECK,  JOHN  JAMES,  soldier,  was 
born  Jan.  4,  1821,  in  Manlius,  N.  Y.  Dur 
ing  1859-61  he  was  president  of  the  board 
of  education  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  In  1861 
he  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers;  and  served  with  distinction 
throughout  the  civil  war.  He  died  April 
21,  1878,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

PECK,  LUCIUS  B.,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1799,  in 
Waterbury,  Vt.  He  served  in  the  Ver 
mont  state  legislature;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1847  to  1851.  From  1853  to  1857  he 
was  United  States  attorney  for  Vermont, 
and  subsequently  president  of  the  Ver 
mont  and  Canada  railroad.  He  died  in 
December,  1866,  in  Lowell,  Mass. 

PECK,  LUTHER  C,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  He  settled  at  Nunda,  N.  Y.,  in  the 
practice  of  law,  in  which  he  attained 
eminence.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1837  to 
1841.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1876,  in  Nunda, 
N.  Y. 

PECK,  LUTHER  WESLEY,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  in  1825,  in  Wyoming  val 
ley,  Pa.  He  has  published  The  Golden 
Age,  a  poem;  and  other  works. 

PECK,  MARTIN  H.,  journalist,  writer, 
was  born  July  26,  1870,  in  Pekin,  Minn. 
His  poems  and  humorous  sketches  of 
country  life  which  were  at  first  published 
in  the  local  papers  were  widely  read  and 
copied.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of 
Peck's  Sun  of  Barnesville,  Minn.  He  also 
has  a  large  farm  in  Wilkins  county,  and 
is  very  prominent  in  public  affairs. 

PECK,  SAMUEL  MINTURN,  physi 
cian,  poet,  was  born  in  1854,  in  Alabama. 
He  is  a  popular  poet  and  physician  of 
Tuscaloosa,  Ala.;  and  the  author  of  Cap 
and  Bells;  Rings  and  Love  Knots; 
Rhymes  and  Roses;  and  Fair  Women  of 
To-Day. 

PECK,  THEODORE  SAFFORD,  sol 
dier,  was  born  March  22,  1843,  in  Bur 
lington,  Vt.  He  served  through  the  civil 
war;  and  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  received  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general. 

PECK,  WILLIAM  DANDRIDGE,  natu 
ralist,  educator,  author,  was  born  May  8, 
1763,  in  Boston.  Mass.  He  was  made 
professor  of  his  specialty  in  Harvard, 
which  chair  he  held  from  1805  till  1822. 
He  published  a  catalogue  of  American 
and  Foreign  Plants;  and  several  articles 
in  the  collections  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  society,  which  include  The  De 
scription  of  the  Atherine;  History  of  the 
Slug-Worm;  and  Method  of  Taking  Im 
pressions  of  Vegetable  Leaves  by  Means 
of  Smoke.  He  also  published  an  account 
of  a  sea-serpent  in  the  Memoirs  of  the 
American  Academy.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1822, 
in  Cambridge,  Mass. 


PECK,  WILLIAM  FARLEY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1840,  in  Roch 
ester,  N.  Y.  He  was  connected  with  the 
press  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  for  several 
years,  and  is  the  author  of  Semi-Centen- 
nial  History  of  Rochester. 

PECK,  WILLIAM  GUY,  soldier,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1820,  in 
Litchfield,  Conn.  He  was  a  soldier  and 
mathematician,  professor  in  Columbia 
college  from  1857;  and  the  author  of  Ele 
mentary  Mechanics;  and  Popular  Astron 
omy.  He  died  in  1892. 

PECK,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1830,  in  Au 
gusta,  Ga.  He  is  an  educator  of  Georgia 
and  a  prolific  writer  of  sensational  nov 
els.  Among  them  are  The  McDonalds,  or 
the  Ashes  of  Southern  Homes;  The  Con 
federate  Flag  of  the  Ocean;  and  The 
Brother's  Vengeance. 

PECKHAM,  RUFUS  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1809,  in 
Rensselaerville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1853  to  1855;  and  in  1859  was  elect 
ed  judge  of  the  supreme  court.  He  died 
Nov.  22,  1873,  at  sea. 

PECKHAM,  RUFUS  WHEELER,  as- 
sociatejustice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1838,  in 

Albany,     N.    Y.      In 

1868  he  was  elected 
district  attorney  of 
Albany  county;  was 
subsequently  corpo 
ration  counsel  of 
Albany  city;  and  in 
1883  was  elected  a 
justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the 
state.  While  serv 
ing  as  such  he  was 
elected  in  1886  an 
associate  judge  of 
the  court  of  appeals  of  New  York  state, 
and  while  occupying  a  seat  on  that  bench 
he  was,  in  December,  1895,  appointed  by 
President  Cleveland  an  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States. 

PECKHAM,  STEPHEN  FARNUM, 
chemist,  was  born  March  26,  1839,  near 
Providence,  R.  I.  During  the  civil  war 
he  served  as  hospital  steward;  and  was 
later  in  charge  of  the  chemical  de 
partment  of  the  United  States  army  lab 
oratory  in  Philadelphia.  He  subsequent 
ly  attained  national  reputation  as  a  noted 
chemist. 

PECKHAM,  WHEELER  HAZARD, 
lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1833,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  district  attor 
ney  of  New  York  in  1884,  which  office 
he  resigned  in  the  same  year.  For  many 
years  he  has  practiced  law  in  New  York 
city. 

PEDDER,  JAMES,  agriculturist,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  July  29,  1775.  in 
England.  He  was  an  agricultural  writer 
who  came  to  America  in  1832,  and  settled 
in  Philadelphia  as  a  sugar  manufacturer. 
From  1844  to  1859  he  edited  The  Boston 
Cultivator.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Farmer's  Land  Measure;  The  Yellow 
Shoestrings;  and  Frank.  He  died  Aug. 
30,  1859,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 

PEDDIE,  THOMAS  B.,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  He  located  at 
Newark,  N.  J.,  and  engaged  in  manufac 
turing.  He  was  elected  to  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1863  and  1864;  was  mayor  of 
Newark  from  1865  to  1868;  and  was 
president  of  the  board  of  trade  of  that 
city  in  1873.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty-fifth 
congress. 


PEEBLES,  MRS.  MARY  LOUISE  [PAR- 
MELEE],  author,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1833, 
in  Lansingburg,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  writer  of 
religious  juvenile  tales  and  other  works, 
among  them  being  The  Little  Captain; 
Helps  Over  Hard  Places;  The  Good 
Fight;  Where  Honor  Leads;  A  Ques 
tion  of  Honor,  a  story;  The  Magnet 
Stones;  and  The  Two  Blizzards. 

PEED,  HENRY  A.,  journalist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1846,  in  Ply 
mouth,  Ind.  In  1872  he  was  elected  by 
his  party  to  repre- 
3  sent  his  district  in 
the  Indiana  state 
legislature,  serving 
H  at  both  the  special 
I  and  regular  sessions 
I  during  the  term.  He 
I  was  also  a  member 
|  of  the  committee  on 
ways  and  means.  In 
1874  he  was  elected 
to  the  senate  from 
his  district,  consist 
ing  of  the  counties 
of  Martin,  Dubois,  and  Orange,  and  serv 
ed  four  years.  At  the  session  of  1875  he 
was  an  active  member  of  the  judiciary 
committee,  and  in  1877  was  appointed 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  railroads. 
PEEK,  HERMANUS,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  for  two  years  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  from  Schenectady 
county;  and  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York  from  1819  to  1821. 

PEEL,  SAMUEL  W..  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1831,  in 
Independence  county,  Ark.  In  1867  he 
settled  at  Bentonville,  Ark.;  and  was  ap 
pointed  prosecuting  attorney  in  1873,  and 
was  elected  to  that  office  in  1874,  serving 
four  years.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Arkansas  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress;  and.  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  and  fifty-second 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

PEELLE,  STANTON  J.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  11,  1843,  in  Wayne  county,  Ind. 
He  entered  the  union  army  in  1861,  and 
served  three  years.  He  was  deputy  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Marion  county  for  two 
years;  and  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  from  1877  to  1879.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Indi 
ana  to  the  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

PEELLE,  WILLIAM  ADAMS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1819, 
in  Richmond  county,  N.  C.  He  has  served 
as  prosecuting  attorney;  has  been  a 
member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  Indi 
ana  general  assembly;  and  judge  of  com 
mon  pleas  court,  criminal  and  circuit 
courts.  He  has  also  been  secretary  of 
state  of  Indiana. 

PEERS,  BENJAMIN  ORRS,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1800, 
in  Loudoun  county,  Va.  He  was  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  and  educator  of  Ken 
tucky,  founder  of  the  common  school  sys 
tem  of  Kentucky;  and  the  author  of 
American  Education.  He  died  Aug.  20. 
1842,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

PEERY,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Delaware  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1785  to  1786. 

FEET,  DUDLEY,  physician,  author, 
was  born  July  9,  1830,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
He  studied  and  practiced  medicine  in 
New  York,  and  became  an  instructor  in 
the  New  York  Institution  for  Deaf-Mutes. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  Manual  of  Inor 
ganic  Chemistry  for  Students,  which  was 
revised  and  enlarged  by  Isaac  L.  Peet  in 
1868.  He  died  April  18,  1862,  in  New 
York  city. 


730 


HKiWIXC.SHAWS      KNCYCLOPEDIA     ()!•       AMKKICAN      1 1 11  H  i  li  A  I 'I  I  V. 


PEET,  HARVEY  PRINDLE,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1794,  in  Beth 
lehem.  Conn.  He  was  a  noted  educator 
of  deaf-mutes  in  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Course  of  Instruction  for  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb;  Legal  Rights  of  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb;  and  History  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1873,  in 
New  York  city. 

PEET,  STEPHEN,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  in  1795,  in  Sandgate,  Vt.  In 
1837  he  became  minister  of  Green  Bay, 
Wis.,  and  assisted  in  founding  Beloit  col 
lege  and  thirty  churches.  He  then  went 
to  Milwaukee,  and  subsequently  took 
charge  of  an  institute  in  Batavia,  111.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  History  of  the  Pres 
byterian  and  Congregational  Churches 
and  Ministers  of  Wisconsin.  He  died 
March  21,  1855,  in  Chicago,  111. 

PEET,  STEPHEN  DENISON,  clergy 
man,  anthropologist,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  2,  1830,  in  Euclid,  Ohio.  He  is  a 
congregational  minister,  eminent  as  an 
anthropologist;  and  the  author  of  The 
Ashtabula  Disaster;  History  of  Ashtabu- 
la  County,  Ohio;  Ancient  Architecture 
in  America;  History  of  Early  Missions 
in  Wisconsin;  Picture  Writing;  Primi 
tive  Symbolisms;  and  The  Effigy  Mounds 
of  Wisconsin. 

PEFFER,  WILLIAM  ALFRED,  lawyer, 
journalist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  10,  1831,  in  Cumberland  coun 
ty,  Pa.  He  began 
teaching  at  the  age 
of  fifteen  years; 
taught  during  win 
ter  and  farmed  in 
summer;  removed 
to  Indiana  in  1853, 
and  opened  a  farm 
in  St.  Joseph  coun 
ty.  He  removed  to 
Missouri  in  1859. 
and  purchased  a 
farm  in  Morgan 
county.  Because  of 
the  war  he  moved  to  Illinois  in  1862, 
and  enlisted  as  a  private  in  company  F, 
eighty-third  Illinois  infantry.  He  was 
promoted  to  second  lieutenant  in  March, 
1863;  and  served  as  regimental  quarter 
master  and  adjutant,  post  adjutant, 
judge-advocate  of  a  military  commission, 
and  depot  quartermaster  in  the  engineer 
department  at  Nashville.  He  began  the" 
practice  of  law  in  Clarksville,  Tenn.,  in 
1865;  mo\ed  to  Kansas  in  1870;  and  prac 
ticed  law  there  until  1878,  in  the  mean 
time  establishing  and  conducting  two 
newspapers,  the  Fredonia  Journal  and 
Coffeyville  Journal.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate  in  1874;  was  republican 
presidential  elector  in  1880;  and  became 
editor  of  the  Kansas  Farmer  in  1881.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
as  a  member  of  the  people's  party;  took 
his  seat  March  4,1891.  His  term  of  service 
expired  March  3,  1897.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Tariff  Manual;  and  The  Way 
Out. 

PEFFLEY,  DAVID  FRANKLIN,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  May  5,  1854,  in 
Bainbridge,  Ind.  For  several  years  he 
taught  school,  then  took  up  newspaper 
work,.  In  1880  he  moved  to  Kansas,  and 
has  edited  and  published  newspapers  in 
that  state,  and  in  New  Mexico.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Songs  of  Sentiment;  and  has  contributed 
extensively  to  current  literature. 

PEGRAM,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1818  to  1819  to  fill  a  vacancy. 


PEGRAM,  WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1841,  in  Petersburg,  Va. 
He  served  with  distinction  in  the  con 
federate  army;  attained  the  rank  of  brig 
adier-general,  and  was  killed  in  battle 
April  2,  1865,  in  Petersburg,  Va. 

PEIRCE,  BENJAMIN,  merchant,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1778,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  a  merchant  of  Salem, 
Mass..  subsequently  librarian  of  Harvard 
university;  and  published  a  History  of 
Harvard  University  from  1636  to  the 
American  Revolution.  He  died  July  28, 
1831,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

PEIRCE,  BENJAMIN,  mathematician, 
educator,  author,  was  born  April  4,  1809, 
in  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  an  eminent 
mathematician,  and  professor  of  mathe 
matics  and  astronomy  at  Harvard  uni- 
\ersity  in  1833-67.  He  was  the  author  of 
Elementary  Treatise  on  Plane  and  Spher 
ical  Trigonometry;  Elementary  Treatise 
on  Sound;  Curves.  Functions,  and 
Forces;  -and  Ideality  in  the  Physical  Sci 
ences.  He  died  Oct.  6,  1880,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

PEIRCE,  BENJAMIN  OSGOOD,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1854,  in 
Beverly,  Mass.  He  is  a  professor  of 
physics  at  Harvard  university  from  1884; 
and  author  of  Theory  of  the  Newtonian 
Potential  Functions. 

PEIRCE,  BRADFORD  KINNEY,  cler 
gyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
3,  1819,  in  Royalton,  Vt.  He  was  editor 
of  Zion's  Herald  in  1872-88.  He  was  the 
author  of  Bible  Scholar's  Manual;  The 
Eminent  Dead;  Notes  on  the  Acts;  The 
Word  of  God  Opened;  A  Half  Century 
with  Juvenile  Delinquents;  Trials  of  an 
Inventor;  Audubon's  Adventures;  Stories 
from  Life  which  the  Chaplain  Told;  The 
Chaplain  with  the  Children;  The  Young 
Shetlander  and  His  Home;  and  Hymns 
of  the  Higher  Life.  He  died  in  1889. 

PEIRCE,  CHARLES  HENRY,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1814,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  In  1850  he  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  examiner  of  medicines  for 
the  port  of  Boston.  He  was  the  trans 
lator  of  Dr.  Julius  A.  Stockhardt's  Prin 
ciples  of  Chemistry.  He  also  published 
Examination  of  Drugs,  Medicines,  Chem 
icals  as  to  their  Purity.  He  died  June 
16,  1855,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

PEIRCE,  CHARLES  SANDERS,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1839,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He  is  a  physician  and 
lecturer  on  logic;  and  the  author  of  Stu 
dies  in  Logic. 

PEIRCE,  EBENEZER  WEAVER,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  April  5,  1822,  in 
Freetown,  Mass.  He  was  an  officer  in 
the  federal  army  during  the  civil  war; 
and  the  author  of  The  Peirce  Family  of 
the  Old  Colony;  Indian  History,  Biog 
raphy,  and  Genealogy;  and  Contribu 
tions,  Biographical. 

PEIRCE,  JAMES  MILLS,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  1,  1834,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  is  an  educator  of  Cam 
bridge,  professor  of  mathematics  in  Har 
vard  university  from  1867;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Text-Book  of  Analytical  Geome 
try;  and  Elements  of  Logarithms. 

PEIRCE,  JOSEPH  DEXTER,  farmer, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1857,  in  New- 
burgh,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  farmer; 
and  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  lower 
house  of  the  North  Dakota  legislature. 

PEIRCE,  ROBERT  B.  F.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  17,  1843,  in  Laurel,  Ind.  He  gradu 
ated  in  a  classical  course  from  the  Wa- 
bash  college  of  Crawfordsville,  Ind.  He 
served  during  the  war  as  a  lieutenant  in 


the  one  hundred  and  thirty-fifth  regi 
ment  of  the  Indiana  volunteer  infantry. 
He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of  Indianapolis, 
Ind.;  has  been  state's  attorney;  and 
served  as  a  member  of  the  forty-seventh- 
congress  as  a  republican. 

PEIRCE,  THOMAS,  poet,  was  born 
Aug.  4,  1786,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He 
wrote  numerous  prize  poems,  the  chief  of 
which  was  Muse  of  Hesperia;  and  con 
tributed  largely  to  literary  journals.  His 
last  published  poem,  Knowledge  is  Pow 
er,  appeared  in  1827.  He  died  in  1850,  in, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

PEIRCE,  WILLIAM  FOSTER,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Feb.  3, 
1868,  in  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass.  He  was 
prepared  for  college 
at  the  Springfield 
High  school;  gradu 
ating  in  1888  from 
Amherst  college; 
then  he  attended 
the  Cornell  univer 
sity  for  one  year  for 
the  study  of  philos 
ophy  and  economics. 
He  has  filled  profes 
sorships  in  the  Ohio 
university,  univer 
sity  of  Colorado,  and 
Kenyon  college  of  Gambler,  Ohio,  of 
which  latter  institution  he  has  been  pres 
ident  since  1896. 

PEIRCE,  WILLIAM  SHANNON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1815,  in  New 
Castle,  Del.  In  1866  he  became  a  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in  Phila 
delphia,  which  office  he  held  by  subse 
quent  elections  until  his  death.  He  died 
April  4,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PEIRSON,  MRS.  LYDIA  JANE 
[WHEELER],  poet,  was  born  in  1802,  in 
Middletown,  Conn.  She  was  a  poet  of 
Adrian,  Mich.;  and  the  author  of  Forest 
Leaves,  and  Other  Poems;  and  The  For 
est  Minstrel.  She  died  in  1862,  in  Adrian, 
Mich. 

PELHAM,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  March  12,  1835, 
in  Person  county,  N.  C.  He  entered  the 
confederate  service  in  1862;  was  elected 
judge  of  the  tenth  judicial  circuit  of  Ala 
bama  in  1868;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress  as  a  republican. 

PELHAM,  PETER,  artist,  was  born  in 
England.  He  was  the  first  engraver  and 
earliest  known  artist  in  New  England, 
and  came  from  London  to  Boston  at  the 
close  of  the  first  quarter  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  His  earliest  known  work  here 
is  a  portrait  of  Cotton  Mather,  dated 
1727.  He  died  in  December,  1751,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

PELL,  ELLA  FERRIS,  painter,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1846,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  She  has  given  special  attention  to 
portraiture  and  figure  composition.  Her 
most  important  work  is  The  Angel  Show 
ing  Adam  the  Consequences  of  His  Sin. 
She  is  the  president  of  the  Liberal  Art 
league  of  New  York  city. 

PELLEW,  [WILLIAM]  GEORGE,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1859,  in  England.  He 
was  a  writer  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Jane  Austen's  Novels,  a  Disser 
tation;  In  Castle  and  Cabin,  or  Talks 
in  Ireland;  Woman  and  the  Common 
wealth;  and  Life  of  John  Jay.  He  died 
in  1893. 

PELTON,  GUY  R.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1825,  in  Great  Bar- 
rington,  Mass.  In  1851  he  opened  a  law 
office  in  New  York  city;  and  in  1854  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New-  York 
to  the  thirty-fourth  congress. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPH 1' . 


731 


PELTON,  JOHN  COTTER,  educator, 
poet.  He  is  known  as  the  father  of  the 
San  Francisco  schools.  Since  1849  he  has 
been  engaged  as  an 
educator  in  Califor 
nia,  and  was  San 
Francisco's  fi  r  s  t 
superintendent  o  f 
schools.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  volume 
of  poems;  and  has 
contributed  exten 
sively  to  periodical 
literature.  His  po 
ems  have  been  given 
a  place  in  Poets  of 
America,  and  sever 
al  other  standard  collections. 

PEMBERTON,  EBENEZER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1704,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
prominent  as  a  loyalist  in  Boston  at  the 
opening  of  the  revolution.  He  was  the 
author  of  Sermons  on  Several  Subjects; 
Practical  Discourses;  Salvation  by  Grace; 
and  Occasional  Sermons.  He  died  Sept. 
9,  1779,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PEMBERTON,  JAMES  LEE,  politician, 
was  born  July  22,  1866,  in  Turley's  Mills, 
Tenn.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  at  the  common  schools,  and  at 
the  department  of  law  of  the  Georgetown 
university  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  was 
president  of  the  Central  McKinley  and 
Hobart  club  of  Rutledge,  Tenn.;  has  been 
justice  of  the  peace  for  Grainger  county; 
and  clerk  of  the  circuit  court.  He  has 
twice  declined  nominations  to  the  lower 
house  of  the  general  assembly. 

PEMBERTON,  THOMAS,  merchant, 
author,  was  born  in  1728,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  wrote  a  journal  of  the  revolu 
tionary  war;  and  his  Chronology  of 
Massachusetts,  in  five  manuscript  vol 
umes,  was  made  use  of  by  Dr.  Holmes. 
He  died  July  5,  1807,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PENCE,  LAFE,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1857,  in 
Columbus,  Ind.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Colorado  state  legislature,  and  after  the 
session  in  1885  located  in  Denver.  In  1887 
he  was  appointed  county  attorney  for 
Arapahoe  county;  and  reappointed  county 
attorney  in  1888.  In  1892  he  was  nomi 
nated  by  the  populists  and  silver  demo 
crats  as  candidate  for  congress  from  the 
first  district,  and  was  elected  in  Novem 
ber. 

PENCE,  WALLACE  M.,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  27,  1860,  in  Henderson  coun 
ty,  111.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Western  Normal  college  of  Shenandoah, 
Iowa,  graduating  with  the  degree  of  B. 
S.;  and  attended  the  law  department  of 
the  Kansas  State  university  of  Lawrence. 
He  is  now  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Salinas 
City,  Cal.;  and  contributes  extensively 
to  law  literature. 

PENDERGAST,  WILLIAM  WIRT,  edu 
cator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1833,  in 
Durham,  N.  H.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Durham  academy,  at  Phillips 
academy,  and  in  1854  graduated  from 
Bowdoin  college.  He  has  been  judge  of 
probate  of  McLeod  county,  Minn. ;  was  su 
perintendent  of  schools  of  that  county  for 
eight  years;  for  twenty  years  was  super 
intendent  and  principal  of  the  Hutchin- 
son  High  school;  and  for  six  years  was 
assistant  state  superintendent  of  public 
instruction.  He  has  been  principal  of  the 
School  of  Agriculture,  and  university  of 
Minnesota,  for  five  years;  and  for  five 
years  has  been  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  for  the  state  of  Minnesota, 
his  last  term  expiring  in  1898. 

PENDERGRAST,  GARRETT  JESSE, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1802,  in 


Kentucky.  He  was  appointed  command 
ant  of  the  Philadelphia  navy-yard,  which 
post  he  filled  until  two  days  before  his 
death.  Under  the  reorganization  of  the 
navy  he  was  twelfth  commodore  on  the 
retired  list,  which  rank  he  attained  in 
1862.  He  died  Nov.  7,  1862,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

PENPLETON,  EDMUND,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  statesman,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1721, 
in  Carolina  county,  Va.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of  burgesses  in  1752, 
and  was  subsequently  speaker  of  that 
body.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  from  1774  to  1775;  presi 
dent  of  the  Virginia  conventions  of  1775 
and  1776;  and  drew  up  the  resolutions 
for  the  declaration  of  independence.  He 
was  speaker  and  president  of  the  chan 
cery  court;  and  in  1779  president  of  the 
court  of  appeals.  In  1788  he  presided  over 
the  convention  which  adopted  the  federal 
constitution.  He  died  Oct.  23,  1803,  in 
Richmond,  Va. 

PENDLETON,  EDMUND  H.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York  from  1831  to  1833. 

PENDLETON,  EDMUND  MONROE, 
physician,  author,  was  born  March  19, 
1815,  in  Eatonton,  Ga.  He  was  a  physi 
cian  who  published  Scientific  Agricul 
ture.  He  died  Jan.  26,  1884,  in  Atlanta, 
Ga. 

PENDLETON,  GEORGE  C.,  farmer, 
soldier,  financier,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  23,  1845,  in 
Coffee  county,  Tenn. 
He  was  a  merchant; 
then  a  farmer  and 
dealer  in  real  estate. 
He  was  in  the  con 
federate  service  as 
private  in  Fount's 
company,  Burford's 
regiment,  Parson's 
brigade,  Texas  cav 
alry.  He  was  a 
member  of  the 
eighteenth,  nine- 
teenth,  and  twen 
tieth  Texas  legislatures,  and  speaker  of 
the  twentieth.  He  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  in  1890;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as 
a  democrat.  While  in  congress  he  served 
on  several  important  committees. 

PENDLETON,  GEORGE  HUNT,  law 
yer,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  July  25,  1825,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  of  Ohio  in  1854  and  1855;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
thirty-fifth,  thirty-sixth,  thirty-seventh, 
and  thirty-eighth  congresses.  In  1864  he 
was  nominated  for  the  officeofvice-presi- 
flent  of  the  United  States.  In  1869  he  was 
appointed  president  of  the  Kentucky  Cen 
tral  Railroad  company.  He  was  elected 
a  United  States  senator  from  Ohio  for  the 
term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1879.  He 
died  Nov.  24,  1889,  in  Belgium. 

PENDLETON,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  about  1750,  in  Culpeper  county, 
Va.  He  was  appointed  judge  in  1776;  and 
when  the  British  overran  the  state  he 
joined  the  patriot  forces  and  fought  at 
Eutaw.  He  resumed  his  judgeship  in 
1782;  originated  the  county  court  act  of 
South  Carolina,  and  was  one  of  three 
judges  appointed  to  revise  the  laws  of 
the  state  in  1785.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1789, 
in  Greenville,  S.  C. 

PENDLETON,  ISAAC,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  April  3,  1832,  in  Nor 
wich,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he  was  a  representa 
tive  of  his  district  in  the  Iowa  legisla 
ture;  and  for  four  years  was  district 
judge.  He  died  July  17,  1896,  in  Sioux 
City,  Iowa. 


PENDLETON,  JAMES  M.,  merchant, 
banker,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  10,  1822,  in  Pendleton  Hill, 
Conn.  He  received 
a  thorough  educa 
tion;  and  became 
engaged  in  mercan 
tile  business  and 
banking  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  a 
member  of  the 
Rhode  Island  state 
senate  in  1862-65;  a 
delegate  to  the  na 
tional  republican 
convention  of  Chi 
cago  in  1868;  and  a 
presidential  elector.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-second  and  forty-third  con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  committee  on  re 
vision  of  laws;  and  various  other  com 
mittees. 

PENDLETON,  JAMES  MADISON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1811, 
in  Spottsylvania  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
baptist  clergyman  of  Upland,  Pa.;  and 
the  author  of  Three  Reasons  Why  I  Am 
a  Baptist;  Church  Manual;  Christian 
Doctrines;  Sermons;  Distinctive  Princi 
ples  of  Baptists;  and  Atonement  of 
Christ.  He  died  in  1891. 

PENDLETON,  JOHN  0.,  congressman. 
He  is  a  resident  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.; 
and  was  elected  to  the  house  of  represen 
tatives  of  the  fifty-first  congress  in  1888, 
and  was  unseated  in  1890.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

PENDLETON,  JOHN  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1845  to  1847,  and  for  a  second  term,  end 
ing  in  1849.  In  1851  he  was  appointed 
minister  resident  to  the  Argentine  con 
federation.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1868,  in  Cul 
peper  county,  Va. 

PENDLETON,  LOUIS  [BEAURE- 
GARD],  author,  was  born  in  1861,  in 
Georgia.  He  is  a  novelist  of  Philadel 
phia;  and  the  author  of  Bewitched,  and 
Other  Stories;  In  the  Wire  Grass,  a  nov 
el  of  Southern  Georgia;  King  Tom  and 
the  Runaways,  a  juvenile  tale;  The  Wed 
ding  Garment,  a  Tale  of  the  Life  to 
Come;  The  Sons  of  Ham;  Corona  of 
the  Nantahalas;  and  In  the  Okefenokee, 
a  juvenile  tale. 

PENDLETON,  NATHANIEL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1756,  in  Cul 
peper  county,  Va.  He  entered  the  revo 
lutionary  army  at  nineteen  years  of  age, 
served  with  the  rank  of  major  on  the 
staff  of  General  Nathaniel  Greene,  and 
received  the  thanks  of  congress  for  his 
gallantry  at  Eutaw.  He  afterward  set 
tled  in  Georgia  and  became  United  States 
district  judge.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1821,  in 
New  York  city. 

PENDLETON,  NATHANIEL  GREENE, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  August,  1793,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 
In  1825  he  was  elected  to  the  senate  of 
Ohio,  and  was  re-elected.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1841  to  1843. 

PENDLETON,  SAMUEL  EVANS,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  in  1840,  in  Logan  coun 
ty,  111.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Cliaddock  college  of  Illinois,  and  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost 
clergymen  in  the  United  States.  He  has 
preached  in  all  the  principal  cities  of 
the  union;  for  fifteen  years  has  been  pre 
siding  elder  in  the  Kansas  conference; 
and  has  been  a  delegate  to  the  general 
conference  four  times. 


732 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PENDLETON,  WILLIAM  NELSON, 
soldier,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  26,  1809,  in  Richmond,  Va.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  and  educator 
of  Virginia,  a  confederate  officer  during 
the  civil  war,  and  subsequently  rector  of 
Grace  church,  Lexington,  Va.  He  was 
the  author  of  Science  a  Witness  for  the 
Bible.  He  died  in  1883. 

PENEWELL,  MARY  AMELIA,  educa 
tor,  poet,  was  born  March  7,  1848,  near 
Ellicottville,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of 
a  large  number  of  poems,  and  one  pub 
lished  work. 

PENHALLOW,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  author,  was  born  July  2,  1665,  in 
England.  He  was  a  citizen  of  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.,  and  chief  justice  of  New 
Hampshire  in  1717-26.  He  published  in 
1726  a  realistic  and  valuable  History  of 
the  Wars  of  New  England  with  the  East 
ern  Indians.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1726,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

PENICK,  CHARLES  CLIFTON,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1843,  in  Char 
lotte  county,  Va.  He  is  the  third  pro- 
testant  episcopal  bishop  of  the  West  Af 
rican  mission.  He  was  consecrated  in 
1877,  resigned  in  1883,  and  is  now  (1898) 
a  general  agent  at  Baltimore  of  the  com 
mission  on  work  among  the  colored  peo 
ple.  He  is  the  author  of  More  than  a 
Prophet,  or  Chapters  on  St.  John  the 
Evangelist. 

PENICK,  HENRY  E.,  journalist,  was 
born  in  1874,  in  Brunswick,  Mo.  He  is 
the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Record  of 
Cabool,  Mo.;  and  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  current  literature. 

PENINGTON,  EDWARD,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1667,  in  England.  He  be 
came  in  1700  surveyor-general  of  Penn 
sylvania.  He  published  The  Discoverer 
Discovered;  Rabshakeh  Rebuked;  and 
Some  Brief  Observations  upon  George 
Keith's  Earnest  Expostulation.  He  died 
Nov.  11,  1711,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PENINGTON,  HENRY,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  19,  1807.  in  Philadelphia. 
He  edited  and  published,  with  numerous 
additions,  Henry  James  Holthouse's  New 
Law  Dictionary.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1858, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PENINGTON,  JOHN,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1768,  in  Phila 
delphia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ameri 
can  Philosophical  society;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Chemical  and  Economical  Es 
says  to  Illustrate  the  Connection  between 
Chemistry  and  the  Arts;  and  Inaugural 
Dissertation  on  the  Phenomena,  Causes, 
and  Effects  of  Fermentation.  He  died 
Sept.  20,  1793,  in  Philadelphia. 

PENINGTON,  JOHN,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  1,  1799,  in  Mulberry  Hill,  N.  J.  For 
many  years  he  was  the  most  noted  im 
porter  of  foreign  books  in  Philadelphia. 
In  addition  to  critical  articles,  he  pub 
lished  An  Examination  of  Beauchamp 
Plantagenet's  Description  of  the  Province 
of  New  Albion;  Scraps,  Osteologic  and 
Archasological;  and  he  edited  Descrip 
tion  of  New  York,  by  Daniel  Danton, 
London,  1670:  Reprinted  by  the  Histori 
cal  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died 
March  18,  1867,  in  Philadelphia. 

PENINGTON,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  20, 
1825,  near  New  Castle,  Del.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1857.  He  was  appointed  United 
States  attorney  for  the  district  of  Dela 
ware  in  1868;  and  attorney-general  of  the 
state  in  1874.  He  was  elected  to  the  fif 
tieth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress  as  a  democrat. 


PENN,  ALEXANDER  G.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  settled  in 
Louisiana;  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1851  to  1853. 

PENN,  JOHN,  governor,  was  born  July 
14,  1729,  in  London.  He  was  governor  of 
Pennsylvania  from  1763  to  1771,  and  from 
1773  to  1775.  He  died  Feb.  9,  1795,  in 
Bucks  county,  Pa. 

PENN,  JOHN,  signer  of  the  declara-  ' 
tion  of  independence,  was  born  May  17, 
1741,  in  Caroline  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  North  Carolina  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1775  to  1780,  and 
signed  the  declaration  of  independence, 
as  well  as  the  articles  of  confederation. 
In  1784  he  was  appointed  receiver  of 
taxes.  He  died  Oct.  26,  1800,  in  North 
Carolina. 

PENN.  JOHN,  governor,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  23,  1760,  in  England.  He  was 
governor  of  the  island  of  Portland,  where 
he  built  Pennsylvania  castle.  He  was  a 
member  of  parliament  in  1802.  He  pub 
lished  a  tragedy,  some  pamphlets,  and  a 
volume  of  poems.  He  died  June  21,  1834 
in  Stoke  Pogis. 

PENN,  THOMAS,  philanthropist,  was 
born  March  8,  1702,  in  England.  He 
founded  the  college  of  Pennsylvania,  as 
well  as  the  hospital  and  library  there. 
He  died  March  21,  1775,  in  London. 

PENN,  WILLIAM,  the  founder  of  Penn 
sylvania,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1644,  in  Lon 
don,  England.  He  obtained  from  the 
king,  Charles  II.,  a 
tract  of  land  west  of 
the  Delaware  and 
north  of  Maryland, 
in  payment  for  a 
claim  against  the 
government  which 
he  inherited  from  his 
father.  He  sailed 
from  England  in  Sep 
tember,  1682,  and  in 
November  of  the 
same  year  held  the 
famous  treaty  with 

the  Indians  which  was>  the  only  league 
between  the  aborigines  and  the  Chris 
tians  that  was  never  sworn  to,  and  the 
only  one  never  broken.  He  died  July  30, 
1718,  in  England. 

PENNELL,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  [ROB 
INS],  author.  She  is  a  writer  who  has 
lived  in  London  for  many  years;  and  the 
author  of  Life  of  Mary  Wollstonecraft;  A 
Canterbury  Pilgrimage;  Two  Pilgrims' 
Progress;  Our  Sentimental  Journey 
through  France  and  Italy;  Our  Journey 
to  the  Hebrides;  To  Gipsy  land;  Play  in 
Provence;  and  The  Feasts  of  Autolycus. 

PENNELL,  JOSEPH,  artist,  author, 
was  born  in  1859,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
is  an  artist  living  in  London  who  has  il 
lustrated  his  wife's  books;  and  published 
Pen  Drawing  and  Pen  Draughtsmen;  The 
Jew  at  Home;  and  Modern  Illustration. 

PENNELL,  WILLIAM  D.,  manufactur 
er,  was  born  May  20,  1847,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  In  1881  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Maine  house  of  representatives; 
in  1883  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  senate;  and  in  1885  became  presi 
dent  of  that  body. 

PENNELL,  WILLIAM  W.,  physician, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1853,  in  Holmes 
county,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  physi 
cian  in  Nashville,  Ohio;  and  in  addition 
to  his  medical  work  he  has  issued  a  small 
volume  of  poetical  and  other  composi 
tions. 


PENNIMAN,  EBENEZER  JENCKES, 
merchant,  congressman,  was  born  in  Lan- 
singburg,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Michigan 
in  1835;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  thirty-second  congress. 

PENNINGTON,  ALEXANDER  CUM- 
MINGS  MACWHORTER,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  July  2, 
1810,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1853  to  1857.  He  also  served  two 
years  in  the  state  legislature;  and  sub 
sequently  settled  in  the  city  of  New 
York.  He  died  Jan.  25,  1867,  in  New  York 
city. 

PENNINGTON,  I.  L.,  governor,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  In 
1874  he  was  appointed  governor  of  Da 
kota. 

PENNINGTON,  SAMUEL,  journalist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  March  8,  1765, 
in  Newark,  N.  J.  In  1799  he  became  edi 
tor  and  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the 
Sentinel  of  Freedom  of  Newark,  N.  J. 
Between  1810  and  1825  he  was  elected 
ele\  en  times  a  member  of  the  legislature, 
and  was  once  speaker  of  the  house. 
He  died  March  6,  1835,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
PENNINGTON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  May  4, 
1796,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  In  1837  he  was 
elected  governor  of  New  Jersey,  and  an 
nually  re-elected  until  1843,  acting  at  the 
same  time  as  chancellor  of  the  state,  ex- 
officio,  and  taking  a  prominent  part  in 
what  was  known  as  the  broad  seal  con 
troversy.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress;  and  after  the  lapse 
of  two  months  from  taking  his  seat  was 
elected  speaker  of  the  house  of  represen 
tatives.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1862,  in  New 
ark,  N.  J. 

PENNINGTON,  WILLIAM  SANFORD, 
soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,' 
governor,  was  born  in  1757,  in  Newark, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature 
of  New  Jersey;  was  chancellor  of  the 
state,  and  author  of  New  Jersey  Court 
Reports,  published  from  1803  to  1816; 
and  in  1825.  He  was  governor  of  Nev* 
Jersey  from  1813  to  1815.  He  was  ap 
pointed  associate  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  Jersey  in  1804;  and  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  from  1815 
to  1826.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1826,  in  Newark, 
N.  J. 

PENNOCK,  ALEXANDER  MOSELY, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1813,  in 
Norfolk,  Va.  In  1868  he  was  commis 
sioned  commodore,  and  rear-admiral  in 
1872.  He  died  Sept.  20,  1876,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H. 

PENNOCK,  MORRIS  C.,  merchant, 
banker,  poet,  was  born  May  22,  1830,  in 
Chester  county,  Pa.  His  father,  John 
Pennock,  moved  to 
a  farm  near  Salem, 
Ohio,  in  1832.  His 
early  manhood  was 
spent  in  farming, 
teaching  and  clerk 
ing.  In  1862  he  set 
tled  in  Alliance. 
Ohio, and  established 
the  hardware  firm 
of  Wright  and  Pen- 
nock,  which  is  still 
flourishing.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Alliance  Bank  company,  the  lead 
ing  financial  institution  of  the  city,  of 
which  he  is  president.  His  tastes  are 
literary  and  artistic,  and  find  expression 
in  occasional  poetical  contributions  to 
different  journals,  selections  from  which 
appear  in  Poets  of  America,  and  other 
standard  works. 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


733 


PENNOYER,  SYLVESTER,  educator, 
merchant,  governor,  was  born  July  6, 
1831,  in  Groton,  N.  Y.  During  1887-95 
he  served  with  distinction  as  governor  of 
Oregon.  In  1896  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Portland. 

PENNY,  VIRGINIA,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  18,  1826,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  She  is 
an  educator  who  has  written  much  in  re 
lation  to  wider  opportunities  for  women. 
She  is  the  author  of  The  Employment  of 
Women;  Five  Hundred  Occupations 
Adapted  to  Women;  and  Think  and  Act. 

PENNYBACKER,  ISAAC  SAMUALS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1807, 
in  Shenandoah  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1837  to 
1839;  then  judge  of  the  district  court  of 
western  Virginia;  and  was  a  senator  in 
congiess  for  the  term  from  1845  to  1851. 
He  died  Jan.  12,  1847.  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

PENNYPACKER,  ELIJAH  FUNK,  re 
former,  financier,  state  legislator,  was 
born  Nov.  20,  1804,  in  Chester  county,  Pa. 
He  became  interested  in  real  estate;  was 
in  the  Pennsyhania  legislature  in  1831- 
35;  chairman  of  its  committee  on  banks, 
and  a  principal  mover  in  the  establish 
ment  of  public  schools.  He  was  an  or 
ganizer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Mutual  Fire 
Insurance  company  in  1869,  and  became 
president,  holding  office  till  January, 

1887,  when  he  resigned.     He  died  Jan.  4, 

1888,  in  Phcenixville,  Pa. 

PENNYPACKER,  ISAAC  RUSLING, 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  in  1852,  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  journalist  and 
poet  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
Gettysburg,  and  Other  Poems. 

PENNYPACKER,  SAMUEL  WHITA- 
KER,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
April  9,  1843,  in  Phoenix\  ille,  Pa.  He  is 
a  jurist  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author 
of  Annals  of  Phcenixville;  Pennsylvania 
Supreme  Court  Reports;  and  Historical 
and  Biographical  Sketches. 

PENROD,  WILLIAM  K.,  journalist, 
was  born  March  5,  1873,  in  Raglesville, 
Ind.  He  has  taught  school  and  published 
sev  eral  newspapers,  and  is  now  the  edi 
tor  and  owner  of  the  Odon  Journal,  Indi 
ana. 

PENROSE,  BOIES,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1860,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  Penn 
sylvania  house  of  representatives  from 
the  eighth  Philadelphia  district  in  1884. 
In  connection  with  Edward  P.  Allinson 
he  wrote,  at  the  request  of  Johns  Hop 
kins  university,  for  the  university  stu 
dies  in  historical  and  political  science, 
a  History  of  the  City  Government  of 
Philadelphia.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Pennsylvania  state  senate  from  the  sixth 
Philadelphia  district  in  1886,  re-elected 
in  1890,  and  again  in  1894.  He  was  elect 
ed  president  pro  tempore  of  the  senate 
in  1889,  and  re-elected  in  1891.  He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
republican  to  succeed  J.  Donald  Cameron, 
and  took  his  seat  March  4,  1897.  His 
term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1903. 

PENROSE,  RICHARD  ALEXANDER 
FULLERTON,  educator,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  March  24,  1827,  in  Car 
lisle,  Pa.  In  1863  he  became  professor  of 
obstetrics  and  of  the  diseases  of  women 
and  children  in  the  university  of  Penn 
sylvania,  which  post  he  still  holds.  He 
is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Children's 
hospital  of  Philadelphia,  the  American 
Gynaecological  society,  and  the  Gynacean 
hospital. 


PENTECOST,  GEORGE  FREDERICK, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  23, 
1843,  in  Albion,  111.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  minister  in  Brooklyn  in  1881-90, 
and  subsequently  an  evangelist  in  Amer 
ica  and  England.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Angel  in  the  Marble;  In  the  Vol 
ume  of  the  Book;  Out  of  Egypt;  The 
Christian  and  the  Modern  Dance;  Bible 
Studies;  The  Gospel  of  Luke;  and  Grace 
Abounding  in  the  Forgiveness  of  Sins. 

PF.PPER,  GEORGE  DANA  BOARD- 
MAN,  educator,  clergyman,  college  presi 
dent,  author,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1833,  in 
Ware,  Mass.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman 
and  educator,  president  of  Colby  univer 
sity  from  1882;  and  the  author  of  Out 
lines  of  Theology. 

PEPPER,  WILLIAM,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  21,  1843,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  an  eminent  Philadelphia  phy 
sician,  provost  of  the  university  of  Penn 
syhania  in  1881-94;  and  the  author  of 
Higher  Medical  Education;  and  Diseases 
of  Children. 

PEPPERRELL,  WILLIAM,  soldier, 
was  born  June  27,  1696,  in  Kittery, 
Maine.  He  was  a  son  of  Colonel  William 
Pepperrell  and  Mar 
gery  Bray,  both  na 
tives  of  England. 
He  was  taught  the 
art  of  surveying 
land  and  of  navigat 
ing  a  ship;  and  sub 
sequently  was  in 
business  with  his 
father  as  a  dealer 
in  naval  stores,  fish 
and  provisions.  In 
1726  he  was  brevet- 
ted  colonel,  and 
placed  in  command  of  all  the  militia  of 
Maine.  In  the  same  year  he  was  elected 
a  state  representative;  and  for  thirty- 
two  years  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  councilors.  He  was  elected  comman- 
der-in-chief  of  the  body  of  New  England 
volunteers;  and  after  a  siege  of  forty- 
nine  days  he  succeeded  in  the  reduction 
of  Louisbuig,  the  strongest  fortress  in 
America,  which  the  French  had  built  at 
a  cost  of  six  million  dollars.  He  was 
acting  governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1756- 
58.  He  died  July  6,  1759,  in  Kittery, 
Maine. 

PEPPLE,  W.  D.,  educator,  was  born 
Dec.  8,  1854,  in  Champaign  county,  Ohio. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Ohio 
Normal  university  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  educational  work.  He  has  been 
superintendent  of  schools  of  Delta,  Genoa, 
and  North  Lewisburg.Ohio;  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
Northwestern  Ohio  Teachers'  association. 
PERCE,  ELBERT,  litterateur,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  17,  1831,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  writer  of  New  York  city 
and  the  author  of  Old  Carl  the  Cooper; 
The  Last  of  His  Name;  The  Battle  Roll; 
Gulliver  Joi:  his  Three  Voyages;  and  sev 
eral  translations  from  the  Swedish  of  Car- 
16n.  He  died  Jan.  18,  1868,  in  Brooklyn. 
PERCE,  LEGRAND  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  19,  1836,  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  cap 
tain  of  the  United  States  volunteers  in 
1863,  and  brevetted  colonel  in  1865.  He 
settled  in  Mississippi;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-first  congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  forty-second  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

PERCIVAL,  CHESTER  SMITH,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  poet,  was  born  March  12, 
1822,  in  Vernon,  N.  Y.  In  1864  he  accept 
ed  a  call  to  become  rector  of  Grace  church 
at  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  work  entitled  Hours  of  Musing;  and 
At  the  Grave  of  James  G.  Percival. 


PERCIVAL,  JAMES  GATES,  geologist, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1795,  in  Lexing 
ton,  Conn.  He  was  a  poet  once  popular, 
but  now  wholly  neglected.  He  was  the 
author  of  Seneca  Lake  and  The  Coral 
Grove,  which  are  still  found  lingering 
anthologies;  Prometheus;  Clio;  Dream  of 
a  Day  and  Poems.  He  was  a  geologist 
of  some  reputation,  and  published  Geo 
logical  Surveys  of  Connecticut  and  Wis 
consin.  He  died  May  2,  1856,  in  Hazel 
Green,  Wis. 

PERCY, GEORGE,  soldier,  governor,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1586,  in  England. 
In  1610  he  became  governor  of  Virginia. 
He  published  Observations  Gathered  out 
or  a  Discourse  of  the  Plantations  of  the 
SoutherneColonie  in  Virginia  by  the  Eng 
lish;  also  included  in  Samuel  Purchas's 
Filgrimes,  1685-90.  He  died  in  March, 
1632.  in  Lyon  House,  England. 

PERCY,  TOWNSEND,  journalist,  ex 
plorer,  author,  was  born  March  26,  1854,  in 
Troy,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  son  of  John  Town- 
send  Percy,  the  eminent  lawyer.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Troy  acad 
emy  and  the  Cazenovia  seminary.  He 
has  been  an  explorer  in  Panama  and  Cen 
tral  America;  and  is  a  fellow  royal  of  the 
Geographical  society.  He  is  a  success 
ful  dramatic  critic  and  playwright; 
the  author  of  Appleton's  Dictionary  of 
New  York;  and  other  works.  He  is  now 
the  financial  editor  of  the  London  Finan 
cial  News,  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

PEREA,  FRANCISCO,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  9,  1831,  in  Bernalillo,  N. 
M.  In  1863  he  was  elected  a  delegate 
from  New  Mexico  to  the  thirty-eighth  con 
gress. 

PERHAM,  SIDNEY,  agriculturist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
27,  1819,  in  Woodstock,  Maine.  In  1855 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  leg 
islature,  and  officiated  as  speaker.  In  1856 
he  was  a  presidential  elector.  In  1862  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Maine 
tc  the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth 
congresses.  In  1875  he  was  elected  sec 
retary  of  the  state  of  Maine. 

PERKINS,  BISHOP,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Hampshire.  He  settled  in 
New  York;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1853  to  1855. 

PERKINS,  BISHOP  W.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1841,  in  Roch 
ester,  Ohio.  He  enlisted  in  the  union 
army  from  Illinois,  served  until  1866,  per 
forming  important  duties,  and  rising  to 
the  rank  of  captain  and  acting  adjutant- 
general;  and  was  wounded  at  Fort  Don- 
elson.  He  returned  home  when  mustered 
out  of  service;  and  in  1869  moved  to 
Oswego,  Kas.  In  1870  he  was  elected  pro 
bate  judge,  and  was  re-elected  in  1872. 
In  1873  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
eleventh  judicial  district  of  the  state;  in 
November  of  that  year  was  elected  to 
the  same  position;  and  was  re-elected 
in  1874,  and  again  in  1878.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Kansas  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses.  In  1892  he  was  appointed  United 
States  senator  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

PERKINS,  CHARLES  CALLAHAN, 
critic,  author,  was  born  March  1,  1823, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  prominent 
art  patron  and  critic  of  Boston;  and  the 
author  of  Raphael  and  Michael  Angelo; 
Tuscan  Sculptors;  Italian  Sculptors;  His 
torical  Handbook  of  Italian  Sculptors; 
and  History  of  the  Boston  Handel  and 
Haydn  Society.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1886,  in 
Windsor,  Vt. 


734 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PERKINS,  CHARLES  EDGAR,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  July  22,  1821,  in  Hart- 
land,  Vt.  In  1856  he  settled  in  Galesville, 
Wis. ;  has  been  registrar  of  deeds  for 
Trempealeau  county,  Wis.,  for  six  years; 
was  clerk  of  the  court  for  four  years; 
county  judge  for  seven  years;  county 
clerk  for  two  years;  has  been  town  clerk 
of  Galesville,  Wis.,  and  town  clerk  of 
Arcadia,  Wis.;  and  justice  of  the  peace  in 
Galesville  and  Arcadia  for  fourteen  years. 

PERKINS,  CHARLES  ELLIOTT,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1840, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Since  1881  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Chicago,  Burling 
ton  and  Quincy  railroad;  and  of  the  Bur 
lington  and  Missouri  River  railroad  in 
Nebraska. 

PERKINS,  CHARLES  HENRY,  ma 
chinist,  inventor,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1830, 
in  Taunton,  Mass.  In  1867  he  discovered 
an  entirely  new  process  for  making 
horseshoes,  and  commenced  their  manu 
facture  under  the  name  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Horseshoe  company,  Providence, 
R.  I. 

PERKINS,  EDWIN  HAZEN,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1840,  in 
Stockbridge,  Mass.  He  has  been  a  suc 
cessful  teacher  of  singing  in  Vermont 
and  Massachusetts,  and  is  the  author  of 
several  compositions. 

PERKINS,  ELIAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  5,  1767,  in  Nor 
wich,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Connecticut  from  1801  to 
1803.  He  was  subsequently  chosen  judge 
of  the  court  for  the  county  of  New  Lon 
don,  which  office  he  held  until  he  became 
ineligible  from  his  advanced  years.  He 
was  mayor  of  the  city  of  New  London 
from  1829  to  1832.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1845, 
in  New  London,  Conn. 

PERKINS,  ELIZA  B.,  educator,  minis 
ter,  was  born  May  17,  1849,  in  Indiana. 
For  many  years  she  was  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work.  She  subsequently  entered 
the  ministry,  and  was  the  first  woman 
of  the  congregational  church  ordained  in 
Nebraska.  Her  whole  time  is  now  de 
voted  to  ministerial  work,  and  she  fills 
with  distinction  a  pastorate  in  Hastings, 
Neb. 

PERKINS,  MRS.  ELMIRA  [JOHN 
SON],  missionary,  poet,  was  born  in  1814 
in  Maine.  She  was  a  missionary  among 
the  Indians  in  Oregon.  Her  later  life  was 
passed  in  Boston.  She  was  the  author  of 
Harp  of  the  Willows,  a  volume  of  verse. 
She  died  in  1896. 

PERKINS,  FREDERIC  BEECHER,  li 
brarian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1828, 
in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  is  a  librarian; 
and  the  author  of  Scrope,  or  the  Lost  Li 
brary,  a  novel;  Devil  Puzzlers,  and  Other 
Studies;  My  Three  Conversations  with 
Miss'Chester;  Life  of  Dickens;  and  Check 
List  of  American  Local  History. 

PERKINS,  GEORGE  CLEMENT,  ban 
ker,  legislator,  governor,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1839,  in  Kennebunk- 
port,  Maine.  At  the 
age  of  twelve  years 
he  went  to  sea  as  a 
cabin  boy;  followed 
this  calling  and  that 
of  a  sailor  for  sev 
eral  years;  and  ,in 
1855  shipped  before 
the  mast  on  a  sail 
ing  vessel  bound  for 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 
He  engaged  in  busi 
ness  at  Oroville  and 
was  very  successful; 

and  subsequently  engaged  in  banking, 
milling,  mining,  and  the  steamship  busi 
ness,  in  which  he  has  been  engaged  dur 


ing  the  past  twenty-three  years,  operat 
ing  steamships  on  the  coasts  of  Califor 
nia,  Oregon,  Washington,  British  Colum 
bia,  Alaska  and  Mexico.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate,  serving  eight 
years.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Merchants'  exchange  in  San  Francisco. 
In  1879  he  was  elected  governor  of  Cali 
fornia,  serving  until  January,  1883.  He 
was  appointed  United  States  senator  in 
1893  to  fill,  until  the  election  of  his  suc 
cessor,  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  Hon.  Leland  Stanford,  and  took  his 
seat  Aug.  8,  1893.  He  was  re-elected  in 
1897  for  term  ending  in  1903. 

PERKINS,  GEORGE  D.,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  29,  1840,  in  Holly.  N.  Y.  He 
moved  to  Sicux  City,  Iowa,  in  1869,  and 
has  been  editor  of  the  Journal  since.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  senate  in  1874- 
76;  and  was  appointed  United  States  mar 
shal  for  the  northern  district  of  Iowa.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty- 
third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

PERKINS,  GEORGE  HAMILTON,  na 
val  officer,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1836,  in  Hop- 
kinton,  N.  H.  He  became  lieutenant-com 
mander  in  1862.  During  1865-66  he  was 
superintendent  of  ironclads  in  New  Or 
leans,  and  became  commander  in  1871.  He 
resides  in  Boston,  Mass.:  and  his  porlrait 
hangs  in  the  new  library  building  of  the 
New  Hampshire  state  capitol. 

PERKINS,  GEORGE.  HENRY,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1844,  in  East 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He  is  a  naturalist,  state 
entomologist  of  Vermont;  and  the  author 
of  The  Injurious  Insects  of  Vermont; 
and  The  Flora  of  Vermont. 

PERKINS,  GEORGE  ROBERTS,  educa 
tor,  mathematician,  author,  was  born 
May  3,  1812,  in  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  an  educator  of  New  York  state,  who 
published  Plane  and  Solid  Geometry,  and 
other  mathematical  text-books.  He  died 
Aug.  22,  1876,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

PERKINS,  HENRY  BISHOP,  financier, 
state  senator,  was  born  March  1,  1824,  in 
Warren,  Ohio.  He  is  best  known  as  presi 
dent  of  the  First  National  bank  of  War 
ren,  vice-president  of  the  Republic  Iron 
company,  and  promoter  of  other  indus 
tries.  In  1879  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  state  senate,  and  was  re-elect 
ed  in  1881. 

PERKINS,  HENRY  SOUTHWICK,  mu 
sician,  was  born  March  20,  1833,  in  Stock- 
bridge,  Vt.  Since  1872  he  has  lived  in  Chi 
cago,  111.,  and  in  1875-76  he  visited  Europe 
for  study.  He  has  conducted  more  than  two 
hundred  musical  conventions  and  festi 
vals  in  various  parts  of  the  United  States, 
is  known  as  a  composer  of  vocal  music, 
and  has  published  a  large  number  of  mu 
sic  collections. 

PERKINS,  JABEZ,  physician,  surgeon, 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1820,  in  De 
fiance,  Ohio.  For  ter,  years  he  practiced 
medicine  in  Spring- 
\  ville,  Mich.,  and  since 
1860  in  Owosso.  In 
1862  he  took  charge 
of  a  hospital  in 
Nash\ille;  became 
:  surgeon  of  Kentucky 
|  volunteers;  and  med 
ical  director  of  the 
second  army  corps. 
and  subsequently  of 
the  cavalry  corps, 
army  of  the  Cumber 
land.  During  1858- 
59  he  served  with  distinction  as  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Michigan  state  legisla 
ture. 


PERKINS,  JACOB,  mechanician,  inven 
tor,  was  born  July  9,  1766,  in  Newbury- 
port.  Mass.  Among  his  inventions  is  a 
machine  for  cutting  and  heading  nails  at 
a  single  operation.  He  was  the  origin 
ator  of  using  steel,  instead  of  copper 
plates,  for  engraving  banknotes. 

PERKINS,  JAMES  BRECK,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1847,  in  St.  Croix 
Falls,  Wis.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Rochester, 
N.  Y.;  and  the  author  of  France  Under 
Mazarin;  France  Under  the  Regency;  and 
France  Under  Louis  XV. 

PERKINS,  JAMES  HANDASYD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  31,  1810, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Cincinnati,  very  active  in 
the  cause  of  prison  discipline  reform;  and 
the  author  of  Annals  of  the  West.  He  died 
Dec.  14,  1849,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

PERKINS,  JARED,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  held  the  position  of  state  coun 
cilor  from  1846  to  1849;  was  a  state  rep 
resentative  in  1850;  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  Hampshire  from 
1851  to  1853.  He  died  Oct.  14,  1854,  in 
Nashua,  N.  H. 

PERKINS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  1,  1819,  in  Louis 
iana.  He  was  chosen  a  judge  of  the  cir 
cuit  court  of  Louisiana;  and  held  this  po 
sition  until  elected  to  congress  in  1853, 
where  he  advocated  democratic  measures, 
and  remained  until  1855. 

PERKINS,  JONATHAN  COGSWELL, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  21,  1809,  in  Ipswich,  Mass.  He 
piacticed  successfully  at  Salem  for  thir 
teen  years,  when  he  became  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  of  Massachusetts. 
He  served  in  the  state  senate  in  1846-48. 
He  assisted  in  editing  Digest  of  De 
cisions  of  the  Courts  of  Common  Law  and 
Admiralty.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1877,  in  Sa 
lem,  Mass. 

PERKINS,  JUSTIN,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  March  12,  1805,  in  West  Spring 
field,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  mis 
sionary  in  Persia;  and  the  author  of  Resi 
dence  of  Eight  Years  in  Persia;  and  Mis 
sionary  Life  in  Persia.  He  died  Dec.  31, 
1869,  in  Chicopee,  Mass. 

PERKINS,  MAURICE,  educator,  author, 
was  born  March  14,  1836,  in  New  Lon 
don,  Conn.  He  was  a  professor  of  chem 
istry  at  Union  college;  and  is  the  author 
of  a  Manual  of  Qualitative  Analysis. 

PERKINS,  NATHAN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  14,  1749,  in  Lisbon, 
Conn.  He  was  a  minister  of  West  Hart 
ford  Congregational  church  in  1772,  where 
he  remained  till  his  death.  He  published 
Four  Letters  on  the  Anabaptists,  a  volume 
of  sermons;  and  thirteen  occasional  ser 
mons  and  discourses.  He  died  Jan.  18, 
1838,  in  West  Hartford. 

PERKINS,  ORSON,  singer,  composer, 
was  born  Dec.  17,  1802,  in  Hartland,  Vt. 
He  was  a  successful  singing  class  teacher 
for  forty  years,  and  a  conspicuous  choris 
ter;  and  also  a  composer  of  church  music. 
He  died  April  17,  1882,  in  Taftsville,  Vt. 

PERKINS,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1767  in  New  Lisbon,  Conn. 
He  was  a  lawyer  of  Windham,  Conn.;  and 
the  author  of  History  of  the  Late  War  be 
tween  the  United  States  and  Great  Brit 
ain  (1825);  General  Jackson's  Conduct  in 
the  Seminole  War;  and  Historical 
Sketches  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
In  September,  1850,  in  Windham,  Conn. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPKi. 


735 


PERKINS,  SAMUEL  ELLIOTT,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1811, 
in  Brattleborough,  Vt.  He  was  judge  of 
the  superior  court  of 
Marion  county,  Ind., 
in  1873-76,  and  in 
the  latter  year  was 
again  placed  on  the 
supreme  bench,  of 
which  he  was  chief 
justice  at  his  death. 
He  was  professor  of 
law  in  the  Northwes 
tern  Christian  uni 
versity,  and  editor 
and  proprietor  of 
The  Jeffersonian,  a 
democratic  paper,  and  published  Digest  of 
the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  In 
diana.  He  died  Dec.  17,  1879,  in  Indian 
apolis,  Ind. 

PERKINS,  SARAH  MARIA  CLINTON, 
editor,  lecturer,  was  born  April  23,  1824, 
near  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.  Early  in  life 
she  was  engaged  in  educational  work: 
and  subsequently  married  a  New  England 
clergyman.  For  many  years  she  was  one 
of  the  national  organizers  of  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  union; 
has  been  district  president,  and  filled 
various  other  positions  in  reform  asso 
ciations.  She  is  a  brilliant  lecturer,  and 
the  editor  of  A  True  Republic,  published 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

PERKINS,  SIMON,  pioneer,  was  born 
Sept.  17,  1771,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He 
was  the  first  postmaster  in  the  Western 
Reserve,  at  Warren,  Ohio,  and  was  in 
trusted  with  the  arrangement  of  other 
postoffices  in  that  region.  In  1807,  at  the 
request  of  the  government,  he  established 
expresses  through  the  Indian  country  to 
Detroit.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1844,  in  War 
ren,  Ohio. 

PERKINS,  WILLIAM  OSCAR,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  May  23,  1831, 
in  Stockbridge,  Vt.  He  has  taught  voice 
and  harmony  for  many  years  in  New 
York  city,  and  Is  the  author  of  a  large 
number  of  singing  books. 

PERKINS,  WILLIAM  RUFUS,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1847  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  was  an  educator  and  poet,  and 
professor  of  history  in  the  Iowa  State 
•university  in  1887-95.  He  was  the  author 
of  two  careful  historical  monographs, 
History  of  the  Trappist  Abbey  of  New 
Melleray;  and  History  of  the  Amana 
Society;  and  of  Eleusis  and  Lesser  Poems, 
a  striking  collection  of  musical  medita 
tive  verse.  He  died  in  1895. 

PERKINS,  WILLIAM  YOUNG,  farmer, 
mine  owner,  legislator,  was  born  March  8, 
1849,  in  Grayson  county,  Va.  In  1866  he 
moved  to  Texas,  and  there  served  two 
years  in  the  ranger  service  against  the 
Comanche  Indians.  In  1877  he  was  a 
member  of  the  famous  Virginia  state  con 
vention.  In  1887  he  moved  to  Idaho, 
where  he  is  a  successful  farmer  and  miner 
at  Soldier.  In  1889  he  was  elected  to  the 
territorial  legislature;  to  the  Idaho  state 
legislature  in  1890-97;  and  took  an  import 
ant  part  in  the  deliberations  of  that  body. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  nearly  every 
territorial  and  state  convention  in  Idaho 
since  1888. 

PERLEY,  IRA,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  "was  born  Nov.  9,  1799,  in 
Boxford,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire  state  legislature.  He 
died  Feb.  26,  1874,  tn  Concord,  N.  H. 

PERLEY,  SIDNEY,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  March  6,  1858,  in  Boxford,  Mass. 
He  has  written  and  compiled  a  number 
of  works  on  a  great  variety  of  topics, 
among  wiich  are  the  following:  History 


of  Boxford,  Mass.;  Goodridge  Memorial; 
Poets  of  Essex  County,  Mass.;  Historic 
Stories  in  New  England;  Principles  of  Law 
of  Interest;  and  Mortuary  Law. 

PEROT,  THOMAS  MORRIS,  merchant, 
philanthropist,  was  born  May  8,  1828,  ift 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  bore  an  active  part 
in  founding  the  Woman's  Medical  college 
in  Philadelphia,  the  first  institution  of 
the  kind  in  the  world,  and  has  been  for 
many  years  its  president. 

PERRILL,  AUGUSTUS  L.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1845  to  1847. 

PERRIN,  ABNER  MONROE,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1829  in  Abbeville  county, 
S.  C.  He  entered  the  confederate  army 
as  captain  of  the  fourteenth  South  Caro 
lina  \olunteers,  and  was  promoted  colo 
nel  in  1863,  and  brigadier-general  in  1864, 
with  the  command  of  an  Alabama  brig 
ade.  He  died  May  11,  1864,  in  Spottsyl- 
vania,  Va. 

PERRIN,  HENRY     MARTIN,     lawyer, 
financier,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born  June 
23,   1830,  in  Berlin,  Vt.     He  received  his 
education      at      the 
Dartmouth      college, 
ij    and  the  Albany  Law 
school.         He       was 
known  in  his  adopt 
ed  state  as  the  poor 
man's  friend.  He  was 
judge  of  probate,  and 
served   with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of 
the    Michigan    state 
senate.     He     was     a 

successful      financier 

and  real  estate  agent 

of  St.  John's,  Mich.,  where  he  died,  Jan.  7, 
1896;  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  highly  respect 
ed  members  of  the  Clinton  county  bar. 

PERRIN,  RAYMOND  S.,  author,  was 
born  in  18 — .  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Student's  Dreams;  and  The  Religion  of 
Philosophy,  or  the  Unification  of  Knowl 
edge. 

PERRINE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1827 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  methodist  cler 
gyman,  professor  for  some  years  in  Al 
bion  college,  Mich.;  and  the  author  of 
The  Principles  of  Church  Government 
with  Special  Application  to  the  Polity  of 
Episcopal  Methodism.  He  died  in  1880. 

PERRY,  AMOS,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
12,  1812,  in  South  Natick,  Mass.  He  is  a 
Providence  writer,  who  was  superinten 
dent  of  the  state  census  in  1865;  and  is  the 
author  of  Carthage  and  Tunis. 

PERRY,  ARTHUR  LATHAM,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1830,  in  Lyme, 
N.  H.  He  is  a  professor  of  history  and 
political  economy  at  Williams  college 
from  1853,  and  a  prominent  advocate  of 
free  trade.  He  is  the  author  of  Elements 
of  Political  Economy;  Introduction  to  Po 
litical  Economy;  Principles  of  Political 
Economy;  and  Origins  of  Williamstown. 
PERRY,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  law 
yer,  governor,  author,  was  born  May  20, 
1805,  in  Pendleton  district,  S.  C.  He  en 
tered  upon  the  practice  of  law  in  Green 
ville,  S.  C.;  and  in  1835  was  elected  a 
state  senator.  After  the  close  of  the  war 
he  was  elected  governor  of  South  Caro 
lina.  In  1870  he  was  elected  United  States 
senator,  but  was  not  permitted  to  take 
his  seat;  and  in  1872  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress,  but  was  again 
refused  admission  to  a  congressional  seat. 
He  was  the  author  of  Reminiscences  of 
Public  Men;  and  Sketches  of  Eminent 
Statesmen.  He  died  Dec.  3,  1886,  near 
Greenville,  S.  C. 


PERRY,  BLISS,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  25,  1860,  in  Williamstown. 
Mass.  He  now  holds  a  professorship  in 
the  Princeton  university.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Plated  City;  Salem  Kittredge, 
and  Other  Stories;  and  The  Broughton 
House.  He  has  edited  Selections  from 
Burke,  and  Scott's  Woodstock  and  Ivan- 
hoe. 

PERRY,  CHARLES  W.,  merchant,  man 
ufacturer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Jan. 
9,  1845,  in  Ludlow,  Vt.  Since  1872  he  has 
been  a  merchant  and  manufacturer  of 
Pierport,  Mich.;  and  since  1895  has  served 
two  terms  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  legislature. 

PERRY,  CHARLOTTE  AUGUSTA,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1848  in  Wiscon 
sin.  She  is  a  poet  of  Milwaukee;  and 
the  author  of  Carlotta  Perry's  Poems. 

PERRY,  EDWARD  AYLESWORTH, 
soldier,  lawyer,  go\ernor,  was  born  March 
15,  1833,  in  Richmond,  Mass.  At  the 
commencement  of  the  civil  war  he  en 
tered  the  confederate  service  as  captain; 
and  was  afterward  commissioned  as  brig 
adier-general.  He  was  elected  governor  of 
Florida  for  the  term  of  four  years,  from 
January,  1885.  He  died  Oct.  15.  1889.  in 
Kerrville,  Texas. 

PERRY,  EDWARD  DELEVAN,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1854  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  professor  of  Sanskrit  in 
Columbia  college;  and  the  author  of  Indra 
in  the  Rigveda;  and  A  Sanskrit  Primer. 
PERRY,  ELI,  banker,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  25,  1799,  in  Cambridge,  N.  Y. 
He  received  a  good  education,  .  com 
menced  business  as  a 
dealer  in  provisions, 
and  continued  it  for 
twenty-five  years.  He 
was  elected  alder 
man  and  member  of 
the  assembly  of  the 
state.  In  1851  he 
was  elected  mayor  of 
Albany,  which  office 
he  held  twelve  years. 
He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty- 
second  and  forty-third  congresses.  He 
died  May  17,  1864,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

PERRY,  ELMER  ARTHUR,  educator, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  March  31,  1861, 
in  Mt.  Sterling,  III.  He  was  city  attorney 
for  Mt.  Sterling,  111.,  for  three  terms; 
and  served  as  a  member  of  the  thirty- 
ninth  and  fortieth  general  assemblies  of 
the  Illinois  state  legislature. 

PERRY,  ENOCH  WOOD,  artist,  was 
born  July  31,  1831,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
exhibited  first  in  the  Academy  of  Design 
in  1858,  was  elected  an  associate  in  1868, 
and  academician  in  1869.  Among  his 
genre  pictures  are  The  Weaver;  Fire 
side  Stories;  Lost  Art;  and  Thanksgiv 
ing  Time. 

PERRY,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  2,  1811,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Maine  legislature  in 
1839,  1842  and  1843;  and  was  afterward, 
for  seven  years,  major-general  of  the 
Maine  militia.  In  1846  and  1847  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1855  to 
1857.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Maine  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

PERRY,  MRS.  LILLA  CABOT,  author. 
She  published  a  volume  entitled  The 
Heart  of  the  Weed. 

PERRY,  MADISON  S.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Florida  from  1857  to 
1861. 


736 


IIERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


PERRY,  MARY  ALICE,  author,  was 
born  in  1854  in  Massachusetts.  She  is  a 
writer  of  fiction;  and  the  author  of  ne 
ther  Pennefather;  and  More  Ways  Than 
One.  She  died  in  1883. 

PERRY,  MATTHEW  CALBRAITH,  na 
val  officer,  was  born  about  1821.  He  was 
made  a  lieutenant  in  1848,  and  served  for 
several  years  on  the  coast  survey.  After 
\arious  services  he  was  placed  on  the  re 
tired  list,  receiving  his  commission  as 
captain  in  1867.  He  died  Nov.  16,  1873,  in 
New  York  city. 

PERRY,  NEHEMIAH,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  30,  1816,  in  Ridgefield,  Conn.  He 
was  for  many  years  the  presiding  member 
of  the  common  council  of  Newark,  N.  .1.; 
and  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  leg 
islature  of  that  state.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

PERRY,  NORA,  author,  poet,  was  born 
in  1741  in  Massachusetts.  Her  poems  in 
clude  After  the  Ball,  and  Other  Poems; 
Her  Lover's  Friend,  and  Other  Poems; 
New  Songs  and  Ballads;  and  Legends  and 
Lyrics.  She  was  the  author  of  The  Trag 
edy  of  the  Unexpected,  and  Other  Stor 
ies;  For  a  Woman,  a  novel;  The  Young 
est  Miss  Lorton,  and  Other  Stories;  A 
Book  of  Love  Stories;  A  Rosebud  Gar 
den  of  Girls;  A  Flock  of  Girls  and  Their 
Friends;  A  Flock  of  Girls  and  Boys;  An 
other  Flock  of  Girls;  Three  Little  Daugh 
ters  of  the  Revolution;  and  Hope  Ben- 
ham.  She  died  in  1896. 

PERRY,  OLIVER  HAZARD,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1785,  in  South 
Kingston,  R.  I.  Perry's  victory  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Lake  Erie, 
Sept.  10,  1813,  with 
his  laconic  dispatch 
to  Gen.  Harrison,  We 
have  met  the  enemy 
and  they  are  ours, 
makes  his  name  one 
to  glitter  on  the  paga 
of  American  history. 
He  was  greatly  hon 
ored  for  what  he  ac- 
c  o  m  p  1  i  s  h  e  d,  the 
United  States  con 
gress  voting  him 
thankK.  a  medal  and  the  rank  of  captain. 
He  died  Aug.  23.  1819,  on  the  Island  of 
Trinidad.  A  granite  obelisk  was  erected 
to  his  memory  by  the  state  of  Rhode  Is 
land. 

PERRY,  RUFUB  LEWIS,  clergyman, 
linguist,  author,  was  born  in  1833  in 
Tennessee.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman 
of  African  descent,  widely  known  as  a  lin 
guist.  Among  his  various  writings  in  The 
Cushite,  or  the  Children  of  Ham  as  seen 
by  Ancient  Historians  and  Poets.  He  died 
in  1895. 

PERRY,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1845  to  1847;  and  was  a  circuit 
judge  from  1851  to  1861,  and  from  1864 
to  1871.  He  died  June  27,  1871,  in  Cum 
berland,  Md. 

PERRY,  THOMAS  SERGEANT,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1845,  in 
Newport,  R.  I.  He  is  an  educator  of  Bos 
ton;  and  the  author  of  English  Literature 
in  the  Eighteenth  Century;  Life  of  Lie- 
ber;  From  Opitz  to  Lessing.  a  Study  of 
Pseudo-Classicism  in  Literature;  The 
Evolution  of  the  Snob;  and  History  of 
Greek  Literature. 

PERRY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist.  In 
1790  he  was  appointed  an  associate  justice 
of  the  United  States  court  for  the  terri 
tory  lying  south  of  the  Ohio  river. 


PERRY,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer,  sur 
geon,  physician,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1788, 
in  Norton,  Mass.  He  discovered  the  true 
character  of  British  gum,  or  charred  po 
tato  starch,  which  was  formerly  used  large 
ly  as  sizing  in  cotton  mills,  and  liable  to 
heavy  duty.  He  engaged  in  its  manufac 
ture  at  Exeter  from  1828  till  1835.  He 
died  Jan.  11.  1887,  in  Exeter,  N.  H. 

PERRY,  WILLIAM  F.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Feb.  1.  1826,  in  Bridg- 
ton,  Maine.  Since  1882  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Bridgton  and  Saco  River  rail 
road. 

PERRY,  WILLIAM  HAYNE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  9,  1837,  in  Greenville,  S.  C.  He 
entered  the  confederate  army  in  1861  and 
served  throughout  the  war,  being  promot 
ed  to  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  South  Carolina 
state  legislature;  and  in  1868  was  elected 
solicitor  of  the  western  circuit  and  served 
four  years.  In  1880  he  was  elected  state 
senator  and  served  four  years.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  South 
Carolina  to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty- 
first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

PERRY,  WILLIAM  STEVENS,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1832,  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  is  the  second  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop  of  Iowa;  and  prominent 
among  high  churchmen.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Documentary  History  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church;  The  His 
tory  of  the  American  Episcopal  Church; 
Life  Lessons  from  the  Book  of  Proverbs; 
Some  Summer  Days  Abroad;  The  General 
Ecclesiastical  Constitution  of  the  Ameri 
can  Church;  and  The  American  Episco 
pate. 

PERSHING,  DANIEL  H.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  May  25,  1831,  in  Fayette 
county.  Pa.  Since  1881  he  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  Greenlick  railway  at  Stauffer, 
Pa. 

PERSONS,  HENRY,  soldier,  agricultur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1834  in 
Monroe  county,  Ga.  He  devoted  his  atten 
tion  to  agriculture;  served  in  the  confed 
erate  army  as  captain;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Georgia  to  the  for 
ty-sixth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PETER,  GEORGE,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  28, 
1779,  in  Georgetown.  Md.  He  entered 
the  United  States  army  in  1799,  and  re 
signed  in  1809;  and  served  as  major  of 
\olunteers  during  the  war  of  1812.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1816  to  1819,  and  again  from 
1825  to  1827.  He  was  twice  elected  to 
the  state  legislature,  and  also  served  the 
public  as  commissioner  of  public  works 
for  the  state  of  Maryland.  He  died  June 
22,  1861,  in  Montgomery  county,  Md. 

PETER,  ROBERT,  chemist,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  21,  1805,  in  England.  In  1832 
he  delivered  a  course  of  chemical  lec 
tures  at  the  Eclectic  institute  of  Lexing 
ton,  Conn.,  where  he  filled  the  chair  of 
chemistry.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  a 
surgeon  in  charge  of  the  United  States 
general  hospitals  in  Lexington.  He  is  the 
author  of  A  Digest  of  the  Report  of  the 
Geological  Surveys  of  Arkansas;  and 
other  geological  works. 

PETER,  SARAH,  philanthropist,  was 
born  May  16,  1800,  in  Valley  Mills,  Ohio. 
She  founded  the  School  of  Design  for  Wo 
men  in  Philadelphia,  which  was  opened 
in  1850,  and  bestowed  her  wealth  on  many 
charitable  institutions.  She  established 
se\eral  sisterhoods  in  Cincinnati,  and 
founded  convents  in  Philadelphia.  She 
died  Feb.  6,  1877,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


PETERKIN,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  bish 
op  of  West  Virginia,  was  born  March  21. 
1841,  in  Washington  county,  Md.  He  was 
elected  first  bishop  of  West  Virginia,  and 
was  consecrated  in  St.  Matthew's  church, 
Wheeling,  Va..  on  May  30.  1878.  The 
bishop  has  published  several  occasional 
sermons  and  addresses. 

PETERS,  ALICE  E.  HECKLER,  edu 
cator,  poet,  was  born  March  30,  1845.  in 
Dayton,  Ohio.  For  many  years  she  taught 
private  classes;  has 
been  a  regular  news 
paper  contributor; 
and  a  pcet  of  rare 
genius.  She  has  been 
the  secretary  of  the 
Woman's  Foreign 
Missionary  society; 
treasurer  of  the  Ohio 
Methodist  Episcopal 
Conference  Home 
Missionary  society; 
secretary  of  the  Wo 
man's  Relief  corps; 
and  an  indefatigab'e 

worker    in    religious,    reform    and    social 
work. 

PETERS.  BERNARD,  journalist,  was 
born  in  October,  1827,  in  Germany.  In 
1868  he  bought  a  half  interest  in  the 
Brooklyn  Times;  six  years  later  came  in 
control  of  the  paper. 

PETERS,  CHRISTIAN  HENRY  FRED 
ERICK,  astronomer,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  19,  1813.  He  was  a  German  astron 
omer,  director  of  the  observatory  at 
Hamilton  college  in  1858-90,  and  discover 
ed  o\  er  forty  asteroids.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Celestial  Charts.  He  died  in  1890. 

PETERS,  EDWARD  DYER,  metallur 
gist,  author,  was  born  June  1,  1849,  in 
Dorchester,  Mass.  He  is  a  metallurgist 
who  has  published  Modern  American 
Methods  of  Copper  Smelting. 

PETERS.  GEORGE  NATHANIEL  HEN 
RY,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  30, 
1825,  in  New  Berlin,  Pa.  He  is  a  lutheran 
minister  of  Ohio;  and  the  author  of  The 
Theocratic  Kingdom  of  Christ. 

PETERS,  HUGH,  poet,  was  born  Jan. 
30,  1807,  in  Hebron,  Conn.  He  wrote  a 
series  of  humorous  Yankee  lyrics,  which 
were  printed  in  the  New  England  Week 
ly  Review.  His  farewell  to  Connecticut, 
written  on  Long  Island  scund,  and  en 
titled  My  Native  Land,  is  considered  his 
best  poem.  He  died  June  9,  1831,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

PETERS,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1822, 
in  Ellsworth,  Maine.  In  1862  and  1863  he 
was  elected  to  the  senate  of  Maine;  in 
1864  was  elected  to  the  house  of  represen 
tatives;  and  at  the  close  of  1864  and  also 
in  1865  and  1866  was  elected  by  the  legis 
lature  attorney-general  of  the  state.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Maine 
to  the  fortieth  congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-first  and  forty-second  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

PETERS,  JOHN  CHARLES,  physician, 
author,  was  born  July  6,  1819,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  physician  of  New 
York  city  of  note  as  a  bacteriologist;  and 
the  author  of  Diseases  of  the  Brain  and 
Nervous  System;  Diseases  of  Women; 
Diseases  of  the  Eye;  Notes  on  Asiatic 
Cholera;  and  A  New  Materia  Medica.  He 
died  in  1893. 

PETERS,  JOHN  S.,  state  legislator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1778  in  Connecticut. 
He  was  several  years  in  the  state  legis 
lature;  was  lieutenant-governor  from  1827 
to  1831;  and  was  governor  of  Connecticut 
from  1831  to  1833.  He  died  April  1.  1858, 
in  Hebron,  Conn. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


737 


PETERS,  JOHN  THOMPSON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1765,  in  Hebron, 
Conn.  In  1813  he  was  appointed  collec 
tor  of  revenue,  and  in  1818  was  made 
judge  of  the  state  supreme  court,  which 
office  he  held  for  many  years.  He  died 
Aug.  28,  1834,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

PETERS,  MADISON  C.,  clergyman,  ora 
tor,  author,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1859,  in 
Lehigh  county.  Pa.  At  the  age  of  twen 
ty-three  he  filled  the  pastorate  of  one  of 
the  oldest  presbyterian  churches  in  Phila 
delphia;  and  five  years  later  was  called 
to  the  Bloomingdale  Reformed  church  of 
New  York  city,  and  his  congregation  is 
composed  of  twelve  different  denomina 
tions.  This  popular  preacher  and  bril 
liant  orator  is  the  author  of  Sanctified 
Spice;  Empty  Pews;  The  Path  of  Glory; 
Popular  Sins;  Wrongs  to  \>e  Righted:  and 
several  other  works. 

PETERS,  MASON  SUMMERS,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1844,  in 
Clay  county.  Mo.  He  moved  in  1886  to 
Wyandotte  county,  Kas.,  where  he  now 
resides;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  democrat-populist. 

PETERS,  MATTHEW  H.,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  legislator,  was  born  June  6 
1843,  in  Rhenish,  Bavaria.  He  was  brought 
to  this  country  when  an  infant,  and  has 
grown  up  thoroughly  imbued  with  the 
spirit  of  American  institutions.  He  served 
four  years  as  a  union  soldier  during  the 
civil  war;  was  twice  severely  wounded; 
rising  from  the  rank  of  a  private  to  the 
rank  of  major  in  his  regiment — the  sev 
enty-fourth  Ohio.  He  has  served  one 
term  in  the  Illinois  legislature,  and  was 
mayor  of  Watseka  for  four  years.  In  1872 
he  founded  the  Iroquois  County  Times  of 
Watseka,  111.;  and  his  poems  have  been 
given  a  place  in  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works. 

PETERS,  MOSES  A.,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  was  born  June  8,  1851,  near  Slat- 
ington,  Pa.  After  receiving  a  liberal  edu 
cation  he  taught  in 
the  public  schools.  In 
1870  he  was  graduat 
ed  from  the  Classical 
Preparatory  course, 
Kingston,  Pa.;  and 
four  years  later  was 
graduated  from  Ursi- 
nus  college.  He  then 
entered  the  Yale  Di 
vinity  school,  grad 
uating  therefrom  in 
1877.  During  1877- 
80  he  served  as  pas 
tor  of  St.  John's  Reformed  church  of  Ham 
burg,  Pa.;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Robert 
Raikes'  centenary,  held  in  London  in 
1880;  and  served  as  professor  of  natural 
science  and  languages  in  Galesville  univer 
sity,  Wis.,  during  1881-87.  He  then  studied 
abroad  in  Edinburgh  and  Berlin  universi 
ties.  During  1888-93  he  was  professor  of 
chemistry  and  natural  history  in  Ursinus 
college;  and  since  1889  has  occupied  the 
chairof  NewTestament  literature  and  exe 
gesis.  He  has  also  taught  the  history  of 
philosophy  in  the  same  institution.  He 
has  translated  into  English  Rev.  Otto 
Thelemann's  Commentary  on  the  Heidel 
berg  Catechism. 

PETERS,  MRS.  PHILLIS  [WHEAT  - 
LEY],  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1754  in 
Senegal.  She  was  a  verse  writer  of  Af 
rican  birth  brought  to  Boston  in  child 
hood  as  a  slave.  Poems  on  Various  Oc 
casions,  Religious  and  Moral,  appeared  in 
London  in  1772,  and  won  a  fleeting  popu 
larity  there,  the  author  being  regarded 
as  a  prodigy.  She  died  in  1784. 

47 


PETERS,  RICHARD,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
June  22,  1744,  in  Belmont,  Pa.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1782  to  1783.  He  was  judge  of  the  district 
court  of  Pennsylvania  which  situation  he 
occupied  until  his  death.  He  was  first 
president  of  the  company  who  built  the 
permanent  bridge  over  the  Schuylkill  at 
Philadelphia;  and  in  1797  published  his 
experiments  in  agriculture  and  improve 
ments  in  American  husbandry.  He  died 
Aug.  22,  1828,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PETER£,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  August,  1780,  in  Belmont,  Pa. 
He  succeeded  Henry  Wheaton  as  repor- 
tei  of  the  United  States  supreme  court.  He 
edited  Chitty  on  Bills  of  Exchange;  and 
Bushrod  Washington's  Circuit  Court  Re 
ports.  He  died  May  2,  1848,  in  Belmont, 
Pa. 

PETERS,  RICHARD,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Nov.  10,  1810,  in  Germantown, 
Pa.  In  1870  he  organized  and  became 
president  of  the  Atlanta  Street  railway. 

PETERS,  SAMUEL  ANDREW,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1735  in  Con 
necticut.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  Hartford  who  published  a  famous 
General  History  of  Connecticut  by  a  Gen 
tleman  of  that  Province,  a  curious  satiri 
cal  production,  to  which  may  be  traced 
the  well  known  fable  of  the  Connecticut 
Blue  Laws.  Other  works  of  his  include 
a  Life  of  Rev.  Hugh  Peters;  and  History 
of  Hebron,  Connecticut.  He  died  in  1826. 

PETERS,  SAMUEL  RITTER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  16,  1842,  in  Pickaway  coun 
ty,  Ohio.  He  moved  to  Kansas  in  1873, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Marion  Centre.  He  was  elected  state  sen 
ator  in  1874;  in  1875  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  ninth  judicial  district;  and  in  the 
succeeding  November  was  elected  to  the 
same  position,  and  was  re-elected  in  1879. 
He  moved  to  Newton  in  1876;  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Kansas  to  the  for 
ty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

PETERS,  WILLIAM  GUMMING,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  March  10,  1805, 
in  England.  He  compiled  numerous  col 
lections  of  music,  including  The  Catholic 
Harmonist;  and  Catholic  Harp;  .and  sys 
tems  of  instruction  for  the  voice  and  dif 
ferent  instruments,  among  them  the  Eclec 
tic  Piano  Instructor.  He  died  April  20, 
1866,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

PETERSEN,  ERASMUS  SMITH,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1863,  in 
Norway.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Park  River,  N.  D.;  has  been  county  judge; 
and  takes  an  active  part  in  political  af 
fairs. 

PETERSILEA,  CARLYLE,  musician, 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1844,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
Since  1886  he  has  taught  in  the  New  Eng 
land  Conservatory  of  Music.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  an  original  piano  system;  and  has 
also  invented  a  mute  piano  for  practice. 

PETERSON,  ARTHUR,  naval  officer, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1851,  in  Ger 
mantown,  Pa.  He  is  a  naval  officer  who 
has  published  Songs  of  New  Sweden. 

PETERSON,  CHARLES  JACOBS,  pub 
lisher,  author,  was  born  July  20,  1819,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia 
publisher  and  novelist,  and  the  founder  of 
Peterson's  Magazine.  He  was  the  author 
of  Kate  Aylesford;  Cruising  in  the  Last 
War;  Military  Heroes  of  the  United 
States;  Grace  Dudley,  or  Arnold  at  Sara 
toga;  Mabel,  or  Darkness  and  Dawn;  and 
The  Old  Stone  Mansion.  He  died  March 
4,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


PETERSON,  FREDERICK,  physician, 
poet,  was  born  in  1859  in  Minnesota.  He 
is  a  physician  and  poet;  and  the  author 
of  Poems  and  Swedish  Translations;  and 
In  the  Shade  of  Ygdrasil. 

PETERSON,  HENRY,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  7,  1818,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
He  was  a  Philadelphia  poet,  and  editor 
for  many  years  of  The  Saturday  Evening 
Post.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Modern 
Job,  and  Other  Poems;  Faire-Mount;  Bes 
sie's  Lovers;  and  Ceesar,  a  Dramatic 
Study.  He  died  in  1891. 

PETERSON,  ROBERT  EVANS,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  12,  1812.  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  writer  whose 
principal  work  is  The  Roman  Catholic 
not  the  Only  True  Religion.  He  died  in 
1894. 

PETERSON,  SARAH  WEBB,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1829,  in  Wil 
mington,  Del.  She  edited  The  Lady's 
Friend  for  ten  years;  and  has  written  sev 
eral  poems. 

PETERSON,  THEODORE,  clergyman, 
was  born  July  4,  1873,  in  Sweden.  He 
graduated  from  the  Theological  seminary 
and  the  Northwestern  university  of  Ev- 
anston,  111.,  and  is  now  a  successful  cler 
gyman  of  Braddock,  Pa. 

PETERSON,  THEOPHILUS  BEASLEY, 
publisher,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1821,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  His  first  publication  was  is 
sued  in  1846,  being  a  reprint  of  Lady 
Charlotte  Bury's  novel  The  Divorced.  In 
1858  he  admitted  his  brothers,  George  W. 
and  Thomas,  into  partnership,  under  the 
firm  name  of  T.  B.  Peterson  and  Brothers. 
His  firm  has  also  made  a  specialty  of  pub 
lishing  cook-books. 

PETRIE,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1847 
to  1849. 

PETRIKEN,  DAVID,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1837  to  1841.  He  died  Jan.  3,  1849. 

PETTEE,  OTIS,  inventor,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  March  5,  1795,  in  Foxbor- 
otigh,  Mass.  He  made  several  inventions 
in  cotton  machinery,  notably  in  roving 
frames  or  double  speeders,  by  introduc 
ing  a  geared  cone,  with  gears  arranged  in 
a  hyperbolic  series.  In  1848  he  became 
president  of  the  Charles  River  railroad, 
which  place  he  filled  until  his  death.  He 
died  Feb.  12,  1853,  in  Newton  Upper  Falls, 
Mass. 

PETTEE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  mining 
engineer,  educator,  was  born  Jan.  13, 
1838,  in  Newton  Upper  Falls,  Mass.  In  1875 
he  was  called  to  the  university  of  Michi 
gan,  where  he  has  since  remained,  and 
now  fills  the  chair  of  mineralogy,  eco 
nomic  geology,  and  mining  engineering. 

PETTEES,  JOHN  J.,  soldier,  governor. 
He  was  governor  of  Mississippi  from  1860 
to  1862;  and  was  a  brigadier-general  in 
the  confederate  service.  He  was  killed 
July  20,  1864,  in  the  battle  of  Peach 
Creek. 

PETTIBONE,  AUGUSTUS  H.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  21, 
1835,  in  Bedford,  Ohio.  He  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  in  La  Crosse,  Wis.; 
served  in  the  union  army  from  1861  to 
1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  major.  He  set 
tled  in  Tennessee;  was  elected  attorney- 
general  for  the  first  judicial  circuit;  and 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1868  and 
1876.  He  was  assistant  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  several  years;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Tennessee  to 
the  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth  and  forty- 
ninth  congresses  as  a  republican. 


738 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PETTIGREW,  CHARLES,  clergyman, 
•was  born  in  1748  in  Pennsylvania.  In 
1790  he  took  some  steps  toward  organiz 
ing  the  episcopal  church  in  North  Caro 
lina.  In  1794  a  convention  was  held  in 
Tarboro,  a  constitution  was  framed  and 
adopted,  and  Mr.  Pettigrew  was  elected 
bishop.  He  died  April  7,  1807,  in  Tyrrel 
county,  N.  C. 

PETTIGREW,  EBENEZER,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  10.  1783,  near  Eden- 
ton,  N.  C.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1835 
to  1837.  He  died  July  8,  1848,  in  Mag 
nolia,  N.  C. 

PETTIGREW,  RICHARD  FRANKLIN, 
lawyer,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  in  July,  1848,  in  Ludlow, 
Vt.  He  went  to  Dakota  in  1869  in  the 
employ  of  a  United  States  deputy  survey 
or;  located  in  Sioux  Falls,  where  he  en 
gaged  in  the  surveying  and  real  estate 
business.  He  opened  a  law  office  in  1872, 
and  has  been  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion  since.  He  was  elected  to  the  Dakota 
legislature  as  a  member  of  the  council  in 
1877  and  re-elected  in  1879.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-seventh  congress  as  delegate 
from  Dakota  territory;  and  was  elected  to 
the  territorial  council  of  1884-85.  He  was 
elected  United  States  senator  in  1889,  and 
took  his  seat  Dec.  2;  was  re-elected  in 
1895. 

PETTINGILL,  AMOS,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1780,  in 
Salem,  N.  H.  He  was  a  methodist  clergy 
man  and  educator  of  Connecticut;  and 
the  author  of  View  of  the  Heavens;  and 
The  Spirit  of  Methodism.  He  died  Aug. 
17,  1830,  in  Salem  Bridge,  Conn. 

PETTINGILL,  JOHN  HANCOCK,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  May  11,  1815,  in 
Manchester,  Vt.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  in  Ohio,  widely  known  as  an 
earnest  believer  in  conditional  immortal 
ity.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Theologi 
cal  Trilemma;  Platonism  versus  Chris 
tianity;  Bible  Terminology;  Life  Ever 
lasting;  The  Unspeakable  Gift;  and  Views 
and  Reviews  in  Eschatology.  He  died  Feb. 
27,  1887,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

PETTIS,  S.  NEWTON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1828  in  Ashta- 
bula  county,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  Colorado;  before  the  close  of 
that  year  he  resigned,  and  came  to  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  subsequently  elected 
a  representative  from  that  state  to  the 
fortieth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and 
in  1878  he  was  appointed  minister  resident 
to  Bolivia,  remaining  there  until  1880. 

PETTIS,  SPENCER,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1802  in  Virginia.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Virginia,  serving  from  1829  to  1831. 
He  died  Aug.  26,  1831,  in  St.  Louis. 

PETTIT,  CHARLES,  soldier,  lawyer, 
merchant,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1736  near  Amwell,  N.  J.  He 
was  in  the  continental  congress  from  1785 
to  1787;  and  an  advocate  for  the  adoption 
of  the  federal  constitution  in  the  general 
convention  at  Harrisburg.  He  died  Sept.  4, 
1806,  in  Philadelphia. 

PETTIT,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
June  24,  1807,  in  Sackett's  Harbor,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana  state 
legislature;  and  United  States  district  at 
torney.  He  served  in  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  congress  from  1843  to  1847; 
and  in  the  United  States  senate  from 
1853  to  1855.  He  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1852;  and  in  1859  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  federal  courts  of  Kan 
sas.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1877,  in  Lafayette. 


PETTIT.  JOHN  U.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  Upper  Wabash 
circuit  court  of  Indiana.  He  was  elected 
to  congress  as  a  representative  from  that 
state  in  1854;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  congresses. 

PETTIT,  THOMAS  McKEAN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1797,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  city  solicitor  of 
Philadelphia  in  1820,  and  shortly  after 
ward  was  deputy  state  attorney-general. 
He  was  in  the  legislature  in  1830-31;  asso 
ciate  judge  of  the  district  court  in  1832- 
35;  and  its  presiding  judge  for  the  next 
ten  years,  subsequently  declining  further 
service.  In  1853  he  became  director  of  the 
United  States  mint,  which  post  he  held 
for  a  month  before  his  death.  He  died 
May  30,  1853,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PETTUS,  EDMUND  WINSTON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  July  6,  1821,  in  Limestone  coun 
ty,  Ala.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the 
seventh  circuit  of  Alabama  in  1855,  but 
resigned  that  office  in  1858,  and  removed 
to  Dallas  county,  where  he  now  resides. 
In  1861  he  went  into  the  confederate  army 
as  major  of  the  twentieth  Alabama  in 
fantry;  and  in  1863  was  made  a  brigadier- 
general  of  infantry,  and  served  till  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  elected  by  the 
legislature  of  Alabama  United  States  sen 
ator  for  the  term  commencing  March  4, 
1897. 

PETZEL,  ERNST  AUGUST  EDWARD, 
educator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  July 
12,  1866,  in  Koenigsberg,  Prussia.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he 
entered  the  univer 
sity  of  Watertown, 
Wis. ;  and  subse 
quently  studied  in 
H  Berlin.  After  receiv- 
•  ing  his  degree  of  Ph. 
D.,  he  returned  to 
America,  and  has 
since  held  several 
honorable  professor 
ships  in  the  leading 
institutions.  In  1894 
he  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  philosophy  and  Teutonic  langua 
ges  in  the  Augustana  college  of  Canton,  S. 
D.  He  has  devoted  much  time  to  literary 
pursuits— in  writing  poetry,  stories,  scien 
tific  articles  and  translating  from  German 
into  English,  and  English  into  German. 
He  is  a  great  student  and  a  brilliant  lec 
turer. 

PEYTON,  BAILIE,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1803,  in  Sum- 
ner  county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Tennessee  from 
1833  to  1837.  In  1849  he  was  appointed 
minister  to  Chili;  and  was  subsequently 
elected  United  States  district  attorney  for 
Louisiana.  In  1861  he  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  for  the  state  of  Tennessee; 
and  subsequently  served  in  the  confeder 
ate  army  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion. 
He  died  Aug.  19,  18<S,  in  Gallatin,  Tenn. 

PEYTON,  EPHRAIM  GEOFFREY,  law-- 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Oct. 
20,  1802,  near  Elizabethtown,  Ky.  He 
settled  in  Gallatin,  Miss.;  served  one 
term  in  the  legislature;  and  was  appointed 
a  judge  of  the  state  supreme  court  in 
1868;  and  was  chief  justice  from  1870  till 
his  retirement  in  1875.  He  died  Sept.  5, 
1876,  in  Jackson,  Miss. 

PEYTON,  JOHN  LEWIS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1824,  in  Staun- 
ton,  Va.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Staunton,  Va., 
who  served  as  an  officer  in  the  confeder 
ate  service.  He  is  the  author  of  Adven 
tures  of  my  Grandfather:  History  of  Au 


gusta  County.  Virginia;  The  American 
Crisis;  Over  the  Alleghanies;  and  Me 
morials  of  Nature  and  Art. 

PEYTON,  JOHN  ROWZE,  soldier,  was 
born  Oct.  19,  1754,  in  Stony  Hill,  Va.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war,  winning 
the  sobriquet  of  Hero  Boy  of  '76.  He  died 
in  1798  in  Stony  Hill,  Va. 

PEYTON,  JOSEPH  H.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1813  in  Sumner 
county,  Tenn.  He  was  frequently  elected 
to  the  senate  of  Tennessee;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1843  to 
1845.  He  died  Nov.  12,  1845,  in  Sumner 
county,  Tenn. 

PEYTON,  ROBERT  LUDWELL  YATES, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1825  in  Loudoun 
county.  Va.  In  1855  he  was  elected  to 
the  Missouri  state  senate;  and  in  1861 
was  a  member  of  the  confederate  senate. 
He  died  in  1863. 

PEYTON,  SAMUEL  O.,  physician,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1804 
in  Bullitt  county,  Ky.  In  1835  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legislature;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky  from 
1847  to  1849;  and  was  also  elected  to  the 
thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  congresses. 
He  died  in  January,  1870,  in  Hartford, 
Ky. 

PFEIFER,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  March  29,  1863,  in 
Washington  county,  Wis.  He  is  a 
successful  farmer  of  Douglas  county,  S. 
D.;  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in 
1894;  and  in  1896  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  the  South  Dakota  state  legisla 
ture. 

PFEIFFER,  CARL,  architect,  was  born 
in  1834  in  Germany.  He  established  him 
self  as  an  architect  in  New  York  city  in 
1864,  and  became  eminent.  Among  the 
New  York  buildings  that  were  designed 
or  erected  by  him  are  the  Church  of  the 
Messiah,  the  Roosevelt  and  City  hospitals, 
the  Berkshire  apartment-house,  and  the 
Fifth  Avenue  Presbyterian  church.  He 
died  April  27,  1888,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

PFRIMMER,  WILL  W.,  public  official, 
lecturer,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1856,  in 
Metropolis  City,  111.  He  was  elected  to 
the  office  of  superintendent  of  schools  in 
Metropolis  City,  111.  He  is  a  popular  lec 
turer  before  teachers'  institutes.  He  has 
published  one  volume  of  poems,  Drift 
wood,  which  found  favorable  reception.  It 
is  now  in  its  second  edition. 

PHALEN,  FRANK  LOWE,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  was  born  May  9,  1859,  in  Will- 
iamstown,  N.  Y.  During  1896-98  he  was 
chaplain  of  the  New  Hampshire  legisla 
ture;  and  has  been  secretary  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Unitarian  association. 

PHELAN,  JAMES,  lawyer,  journalist, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  7, 
1856,  in  Aberdeen,  Miss.  He  was  a  Mem 
phis  lawyer  and  journalist;  and  served  as 
a  representative  in  the  fiftieth  and  fifty- 
first  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  was 
the  author  of  Philip  Massinger  and  his 
Plays;  and  History  of  Tennessee.  He  died 
Jan.  30,  1891,  in  Bahama  Islands. 

PHELAN,  JOHN  DENNIS,  journalist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  educator,  state  legislator, 
was  born  March  23,  1809,  in  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.  J.  He  became  editor  of  the  Hunts- 
ville  Democrat;  was  in  the  Alabama  legis 
lature  in  1833-b.--  attorney  general  of  the 
state  in  1836;  speaker  of  the  house  in  1839; 
and  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court  in  1841-51. 
He  was  then  elevated  to  the  supreme 
bench,  held  office  for  two  years,  and  again 
in  1863-65.  He  became  professor  of  law  in 
the  university  of  the  South  in  1869,  hold 
ing  the  chair  till  his  death.  He  died  Sept. 
9,  1879,  in  Birmingham,  Ala. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


739 


PHELPS,  ABNER,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  5,  1799,  in  Belchertown, 
Mass.  He  published  the  Crucifixion  of 
Christ,  Anatomically  Considered.  He  died 
Feb.  4,  1873,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PHELPS,  ALFRED  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1842,  in  Wood- 
ville,  Miss.  During  the  civil  war  he  served 
as  first  lieutenant  of  company  I,  ninety- 
third  United  States  colored  infantry,  and 
in  1877  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  of  Colorado.  For  nearly  a 
quarter  of  a  century  he  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  firm  of  Benedict  and  Phelps  of 
Denver,  Col.,  of  which  city  he  was  city 
attorney  in  1877-78. 

PHELPS,  MRS.  ALMIRA  (HART) 
(LINCOLN),  educator,  author,  was  born 
July  15,  1793,  in  Berlin,  Conn.  She  was 
a  noted  educator  of  Baltimore  who  pub 
lished  many  text-books  on  the  natural 
sciences.  Among  her  works  are,  Geology 
for  Beginners;  Christian  Households;  Ida 
Norman,  a  tale;  Familiar  Lectures  on 
Botany;  and  Hours  with  My  Pupils.  She 
died  July  15,  1884,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

PHELPS,  AMOS  AUGUSTUS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1805  in  Farm- 
ington,  Conn.  He  edited  the  Emancipa 
tion,  and  was  secretary  of  the  American 
Anti-Slavery  society  for  several  years. 
He  published  Lectures  on  Slavery  and 
Its  Remedy;  Book  of  the  Sabbath;  and 
Letters  to  Dr.  Bacon  and  to  Dr.  Stowe. 
He  died  Sept.  12,  1847,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 

PHELPS,  AUSTIN,  clergyman,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1820,  in 
Brookfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  of  Andover,  Mass.,  and 
professor  of  sacred  rhetoric  in  the  Theo 
logical  seminary  there  in  1848-79.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Still  Hour;  The 
New  Birth;  The  Theory  of  Preaching; 
English  Style  in  Public  Discourse;  The 
Solitude  of  Christ;  Studies  of  the  Old 
Testament;  Men  and  Books;  My  Study, 
and  Other  Essays;  My  Portfolio;  and  My 
Note-Book.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1890,  in  Bar 
Harbor,  Maine. 

PHELPS,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  1, 
1833,  in  Guilford,  Vt.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Maryland  to  the  thir 
ty-ninth  congress,  and  was,  subsequently, 
commissioned  a  brigadier-general  for  gal 
lant  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Spottsylvan- 
ia.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress,  and  in  1864  was  one  of  a  commis 
sion  to  revise  the  militia  laws  of  Mary 
land. 

PHELPS,  DARWIN,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  East 
Granby,  Conn.  In  1855  he  was  elected  to 
the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature,  and  in 
1868  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-first  congress 
as  a  republican. 

PHELPS,  DRYDEN  WILLIAM,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the  baptist 
churches  of  Wilmington,  Vt. ;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

PHELPS,  EDWARD  JOHN,  lawyer,  ed 
ucator,  public  official,  was  born  July  11, 
1822,  in  Middlebury,  Vt.  He  was  second 
comptroller  of  the  United  States  treasury 
from  1851  to  1853;  was  a  member  of  the 
Vermont  constitutional  convention  In 
1870;  and  was  elected  president  of  the 
American  Bar  association  in  1880.  He  be 
came  professor  of  law  in  Yale  college  in 
1881,  and  in  1885  was  appointed  envoy 
extraordinary  and  minister  plenipoten 
tiary  of  the  United  States  to  Great  Britain. 

PHELPS,  ELISHA,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1779, 
in  Simsbury,  Conn.  He  was  several  times 
a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives 


and  of  the  senate  of  his  native  state; 
and  was  speaker  of  the  house  of  represent 
atives  in  the  legislature  in  1821  and  1829. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1819  to  1821,  and  also 
from  1825  to  1829.  He  was  comptroller  of 
the  state  from  1830  to  1834,  and  in  1835 
was  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners 
to  revise  the  statutes  of  Connecticut.  He 
died  April  18,  1847,  in  Simsbury,  Conn. 

PHELPS,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  (STU 
ART),  author,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1815,  in 
Andover,  Mass.  She  was  a  writer  whose 
Sunnyside,  and  A  Peep  at  Number  Five, 
stories  descriptive  of  clerical  life,  were 
once  widely  popular.  She  wrote,  also, 
Last  Sheaf  from  Sunnyside,  and  a  num 
ber  of  Sunday-school  tales,  the  latter  over 
the  signature  H.  Trusta.  She  died  Nov. 
30,  1852,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PHELPS,  GEORGE  DWIGHT,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  in  1803  in  Simsbury, 
Conn.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the 
New  York  Young  Men's  society,  which 
was  founded  in  1831,  and  was  the  pre 
cursor  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  asso 
ciation.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1872,  in  New 
York  city. 

PHELPS,  GEORGE  MAY,  inventor, 
was  born  March  19,  1820,  in  Watervliet, 
N.  Y.  His  most  valuable  invention  was 
the  motor-printer,  which  is  now  in  use 
on  the  lines  of  the  Western  Union  Tele 
graph  company.  He  died  May  18,  1888,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

PHELPS,  GUY  ROWLAND,  capitalist, 
was  born  in  April,  1802,  in  Simsbury, 
Conn.  In  1846  he  founded  the  Connecti 
cut  Mutual  Life  Insurance  company,  and 
he  was  its  president  until  his  death.  He 
was  the  author  of  that  plan  which  permits 
the  policy-holder  to  anticipate  the  pre 
sumed  surplus  by  an  increased  insurance 
from  the  beginning.  He  died  March  18, 
1869,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

PHELPS,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  12, 
1822,  in  Colebrook,  Conn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Connecticut  state  house  of 
representatives  in  1853-56,  and  of  the  state 
senate  in  1858-59.  He  was  elected  a  judge 
of  the  superior  court  of  Connecticut  in 
1863  for  the  term  of  eight  years,  and  was 
re-elected  for  a  similar  term  in  1871.  He 
was  elected  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  errors  of  the  state  in  1873,  and  resigned 
in  1875  upon  his  election  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-seventh  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

PHELPS,  JOHN  SMITH,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  governor,  born 
Dec.  28,  1814,  in  Simsbury,  Conn.  In  1840  he 
was  chosen  by  the  people  of  Greene  coun 
ty,  Mo.,  to  represent  them  in  the  legis 
lature.  Having  been  appointed  brigade- 
inspector  in  1841,  he  has  since  borne  the 
title  of  major.  In  1844  he  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the  twenty-ninth  con 
gress,  serving  in  that  position  until  the 
close  of  the  thirty-sixth  congress,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  select  committee  of  thir 
ty-three  on  the  rebellious  states.  He  was 
also  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress;  served  as  colonel  of  volunteers  in 
1861,  and  in  1862  he  was  appointed  mili 
tary  governor  of  Arkansas.  In  1876  he 
was  elected  governor  of  Missouri.  He 
died  Nov.  20,  1886,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

PHELPS,  JOHN  WOLCOTT,  soldier, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1813,  in 
Guilford,  Vt.  He  was  a  writer  of  Brattle- 
boro,  Vt.,  who  was  an  officer  in  the 
United  States  army  in  the  Mexican  war 
and  became  a  brigadier-general  of  United 
States  volunteers  in  the  civil  war.  In 


1880  he  was  the  presidential  nominee  of 
the  American  party.  He  was  the  author 
of  Sibylline  Leaves;  Good  Behavior;  His 
tory  of  Madagascar;  and  tfhe  Fables  of 
Florian  in  English  Verse.  He  died  Feb. 
2,  1885,  in  Guilford,  Vt. 

PHELPS,  LAUNCELOT,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1835  to  1839. 

PHELPS,  NOAH  AMHERST,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16, 
1788,  in  Simsbury,  Conn.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  both  houses  of  the  Connecticut 
legislature  for  several  terms,  and  secre 
tary  of  state  of  Connecticut  in  1843-44. 
He  published  History  of  Simsbury,  Gran 
by,  and  Canton,  Conn.,  from  1642  to  1645; 
and  History  of  the  Copper  Mines  and 
Newgate  Prison  at  Granby.  He  died  Aug. 
26,  1872,  in  Simsbury,  Conn. 

PHELPS,  OLIVER,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1749  in  Windsor,  Conn.  He  opened 
the  first  land  office  in  America  at  Canan- 
daigua,  and  his  system  became  the  model 
for  all  subsequent  surveys.  In  1795  he 
was  one  of  the  purchasers  of  the  western 
reserve,  in  Ohio,  comprising  three  million 
three  hundred  thousand  acres;  and  after 
wards  removed  to  Canandaigua.  He  rep 
resented  that  district  in  congress  from 
1803  to  1805,  and  was  a  judge  of  the  cir 
cuit  court.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1809,  in 
Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 

PHELPS,  SAMUEL  SHETHAR,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  May  13,  1793,  in  Litchrield, 
Conn.  He  entered 
the  American  army, 
and  before  the  close 
of  his  military  career 
was  appointed  pay 
master.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  coun 
cil  of  censors,  and 
wrote  the  address  is 
sued  by  that  body.  In 
1831  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  leg 
islative  council  of 
Vermont,  and  was 
soon  afterward  appointed  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  state,  in  which  position 
he  remained  until  1838.  He  was  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  from  1839  to  1851,  and  in 
1853  was  appointed  to  the  senate  to  fill 
a  vacancy.  He  died  March  25,  1855,  in 
Middlebury,  Vt. 

PHELPS,  SETH  L.,  naval  officer.  He 
served  throughout  the  war  of  the  rebel 
lion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  captain.  In 
1865  he  resigned  his  commission  and  en 
tered  the  service  of  the  Pacific  Mail 
Steamship  company,  and  became  vice- 
president  of  the  company.  He  resigned  in 
1878,  to  accept  the  appointment  of  com 
missioner  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
in  1883  was  appointed  envoy  extraordi 
nary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  of  the 
United  States  to  Peru.  He  died  at  his 
post  shortly  after  entering  upon  the  dis 
charge  of  his  duties. 

PHELPS,  SYLVANUS  DRYDEN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  15, 
1816,  in  Suffield,  Conn.  He  is  a  baptist 
clergyman  of  New  Haven,  and  subsequent 
ly  of  Hartford,  and  the  author  of  Elo 
quence  of  Nature,  and  Other  Poems; 
Sunlight  and  Heartlight,  and  Other 
Poems;  The  Poet's  Song  for  Heart  and 
Home;  Bible  Lands;  and  Sermons  in  the 
Four  Quarters  of  the  Globe. 

PHELPS,  THOMAS  STOWELL,  naval 
officer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1822,  in 
Buckfield,  Maine.  He  was  a  rear-admiral 
in  the  United  States  navy  who  retired  in 
1885.  He  is  the  author  of  Reminiscences 
of  Washington  Territory. 


740 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA       OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHIC. 


PHELPS,  TIMOTHY  G.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  removed  to 
California  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  that  state  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress. 

PHELPS,  WILLIAM  FRANKLIN,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1822,  in 
Auburn,  N.  Y.    He  received  the  rudiments 
of   his   education    in 
jj   the     public    schools, 
and  at  Auburn  acad 
emy,    and    the    State 
,m  <8?  Normal  school  of  Al 

bany.     He  has   been 
president       of       the 
*4<*  State  Normal  schools 

in  New  Jersey,  Min 
nesota,  and  Wiscon 
sin  for  nearly  a 
quarter  of  a  century, 
and  for  four  years 
was  superintendent 
of  public  schools  of  Winona,  Minn.  In 
1875-76  he  was  president  of  the  National 
Educational  association,  and  in  1876  he 
was  president  of  the  first  international 
congress  of  educators.  He  has  been  sec 
retary  of  the  Chambers  of  Commerce  at 
St.  Paul  and  Duluth  for  nearly  five  years, 
and  for  six  years  was  secretary  of  the 
board  of  trade  of  Winona.  He  organized 
the  movement  in  behalf  of  the  Sault  Ste. 
Marie  canal  enlargement,  a  deep  water 
way  from  the  great  lakes  to  the  sea,  in 
1877;  was  temporary  chairman  and  per 
manent  secretary  of  the  convention  held 
at  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  which  inaugurated 
that  movement,  and  was  on  the  special 
committee  sent  to  Washington  to  secure 
the  largest  appropriation  ever  made  up  to 
that  time  for  the  canal  enlargement. 

PHELPS,  WILLIAM  LYON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  186t>  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  an  instructor  at  Yale  university, 
and  the  author  of  The  Beginnings  of  tne 
English  Romantic  Movement. 

PHELPS,  WILLIAM  W.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
June  1,  1826,  in  Oakland  county,  Mich. 
In  1852  and  1853  he  held  the  office  of  com 
missioner  for  his  native  county,  perform 
ing  the  duties  of  judge  at  chambers.  In 
1854  he  was  appointed  register  of  the 
United  States  land  office  at  Red  Wing, 
in  Minnesota.  In  1857  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Minnesota  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress.  In  1860  he  assumed 
the  editorship  of  the  Red  Wing  Sentinel. 

PHELPS,  WILLIAM  WALTER,  lawyer, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  24, 
1839,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  elected 
from  New  York  a  representative  to  the 
forty-third  congress,  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  republican  national  convention  of 
1880.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
minister  to  Austria  in  1881,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  New  Jersey  to 
the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

PHELPS,  WILLIAM  WINES,  journal 
ist,  state  legislator,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  17, 
1792,  in  Hanover,  N.  J.  He  removed  to 
Missouri,  and  established  the  first  morn 
ing  paper  at  Independence,  Mo.,  in  1832. 
He  was  in  the  Utah  legislature  in  1850-57, 
speaker  of  the  house  for  several  terms, 
and  a  justice  of  the  peace.  He  wrote 
some  of  the  most  popular  hymns  in  the 
Mormon  hymn-book.  He  died  March  7, 
1872,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

PHIFER,  CHARLES  LINCOLN,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  July  16,  1860,  in 
Fayette  county,  111.  He  is  a  successful 
journalist  of  California,  Mo.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  several  pamphlets  of  verse;  and 
a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Annals  of  the 
Earth. 


PHILBRICK,  EDWARD  SOUTHWICK, 
sanitarian,  author,  was  born  in  1827  in 
Massachusetts.  He  was  a  sanitarian  who 
published  American  Sanitary  Engineer 
ing. 

PHILBRICK,  EDWARD  WHITE,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  was  born  April  4,  1861,  in 
Jefferson,  Maine.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  Maine,  Kent's 
Hill  seminary,  and  the  university  of  Mich 
igan.  He  has  been  superintendent  of 
schools  in  Somerville,  Maine,  and  is  now 
an  able  lawyer  of  Boston,  Mass. 

PHILBRICK,  JOHN  DUDLEY,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  May  27,  1818,  in 
Deerfield,  N.  H.  He  was  a  prominent  ed 
ucator  of  Boston  who  published  nearly 
fifty  valuable  public  school  reports,  and 
Ci^y  School  Systems  in  the  United  States. 
He  died  Feb.  2,  1886,  in  Danvers,  Mass. 

PH1LBROOK,  H.  B.,  lawyer,  author.  He 
is  a  successful  lawyer  of  New  York  city; 
has  lectured  extensively  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  is  the  author  of  Elec 
tricity  in  Nature;  Marriage;  Astronomy; 
and  various  other  works. 

PHILES,  GEORGE  PHILIP,  bibliogra 
pher,  was  born  April  15,  1828,  in  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.  He  has  contributed  to  literary 
journals  under  the  pen-name  of  Paulus 
Silentiarius;  edited  The  Philobiblion;  and 
assisted  in  preparing  the  Bibliotheca 
Americana  Vetustissima,  compiled  by 
Henry  Harrisse  (1866).  He  has  also  is 
sued  The  Bhagvat-Geeta,  or  Dialogues  of 
Kreeshna  and  Arjoon. 

PHILIPS,  GEORGE  MORRIS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1851,  in  Atglen, 
Pa.  Since  1881  he  has  been  principal  of 
the  West  Chester  State  Normal  school, 
and  was  offered  the  presidency  of 
Bucknell  university  in  1888,  and  in  1890 
was  tendered  the  superintendency  of  pub 
lic  instruction  of  Pennsylvania  by  Gov 
ernor  Beaver.  He  is  the  author  of  val 
uable  published  papers  on  Astronomy, 
Natural  Philosophy,  Civil  Government; 
and  Geography  of  Pennsylvania. 

PHILIPS,  JOHN  FINIS,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1834, 
in  Boone  county,  Mo.  He  served  the 
government  as  colonel  of  a  regiment  of 
cavalry  throughout  the  civil  war,  a  part  of 
the  time  was  brigade-commander,  and 
was  promoted  to  brigadier-general.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  forty-fourth  congress,  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-sixth  congress 
to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  is  now  United  States 
district  judge  at  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

PHILIPS,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  June  14,  1823,  near 
Hagerstown,  Md.  He  is  a  German  re 
formed  clergyman,  professor  in  Muhlen- 
berg  college,  Allentown,  Pa.,  from  1866, 
and  the  author  of  Gethsemane  and  the 
Cross;  The  Christian  Home;  The  Voice  of 
Blood;  and  The  Communion  of  Saints. 

PHILLIPS,  A.  S.,  educator,  journalist, 
was  born  Jan.  8,  1858,  in  Barnesville,  Ohio. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  State 
NoVmal  school  of  Ohio,  and  the  Kansas 
seminary.  For  ten  years  he  was  engaged 
in  educational  work,  and  is  now  editor 
and  owner  of  The  Sentinel  of  Junction 
City,  Kan. 

PHILLIPS,  ALBERT  MERRITT,  civil 
engineer,  genealogist,  was  born  Oct.  9, 
1843,  in  Charlton,  Mass.  In  1885  he  pub 
lished  a  history  of  the  Phillips  family. 
He  Is  a  prominent  surveyor  and  convey 
ancer  of  Auburn,  Mass.,  where  he  has  held 
many  public  offices  of  trust. 

PHILLIPS,  ARTHUR  CLINTON,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1859, 
in  Phillips,  Maine.  During  1877-81  he  was 
deputy  United  States  consul  at  Fort  Erie, 
Canada.  During  1881-88  he  was  editor  of 


the  Sioux  Falls  Daily  Press,  Daily  Argus- 
Leader,  Daily  Tribune  and  Daily  Leader, 
and  in  1892  was  editor  and  proprietor  of 
the  Sioux  Falls  Daily  Gazette,  S.  D.  He 
is  now  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the 
northwest,  and  is  also  very  prominent  in 
various  fraternal  orders. 

PHILLIPS,  BARNET,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1828,  in  Philadel 
phia.  Pa.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city,  on  the  staff  of  The  Times  from  1872, 
and  the  author  of  The  Struggle,  a  novel; 
and  Burning  Their  Ships. 

PHILLIPS.  DAVID,  journalist,  politi 
cian,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1872,  in  Lockport, 
111.  He  learned  the  printer's  trade;  was 
proof-reader  and  telegraph  editor  on  the 
Duluth  Tribune,  and  is  now  the  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Tribune  of  Mazeppa,  Minn. 
He  is  also  prominent  in  the  political  af 
fairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

PHILLIPS,  DUDLEY  B.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1860,  in  Clayton, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Man 
chester,  Ohio,  of  which  city  he  served  as 
mayor  for  six  years,  and  for  four  years 
was  a  state  senator  from  the  seventh  dis 
trict  of  Ohio. 

PHILLIPS,  FRANKLIN  F.,  A.  M.,  edu 
cator,  scientist,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  21, 
1852,  in  Searsmont,  Maine.  He  gradu- 

ated     from    Nichols' 

I    Latin  school  of  Lew- 
iston,        Maine,        in 
1873;       and      from 
I    Bates'    college     with 
I    high  honors  in  1877. 
After     leaving      col 
lege  he  was  engaged 
in  educational   work 
for     six     years,     five 
years  as  principal  of 
the     Rockland    High 
school.     In   1880    he 
was       commissioned 
state  assayer  of  Maine,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  for  three   years.     Since  1883  he 
has    been   engaged    in   a    very    successful 
business  which  allows  him  to  gratify  his 
taste  for  scientific  investigation.     He    is 
by  nature  a  poet;  has  written  an  amount 
of  spirited  and  graceful  poetry,  some  of 
which   has  been   given   a   place   in   Poets 
of  America  and  other  standard  works. 

PHILLIPS,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1593  in  England.  He 
was  a  puritan  clergyman,  minister  at 
Watertown,  Mass.,  from  1630  till  his 
death;  and  published  a  treatise  on  Infant 
Baptism.  He  died  July  1,  1644,  in  Water- 
town,  Mass. 

PHILLIPS,  GEORGE  SEARLE,  lectu 
rer,  author,  was  born  in  1818  in  England. 
He  was  a  writer  and  lecturer  of  York 
shire,  England,  who,  after  some  years  of 
literary  work  in  the  United  States,  be 
came,  in  1873,  an  inmate  of  an  insane  asy 
lum  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  the  author 
of  Chapters  in  the  History  of  a  Life;  Life 
of  Ebenezer  Elliott;  Memoirs  of  Words 
worth;  The  Gypsies  of  the  Dane's  Dyke; 
and  Chicago  and  Her  Churches.  He  died 
in  1889. 

PHILLIPS,  HENRY,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1838,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  and 
the  author  of  History  of  American  Col 
onial  Paper  Currency;  History  of  Ameri 
can  Continental  Paper  Money;  Pleasures 
of  Numismatic  Science;  Poems  from  the 
Spanish  and  German;  and  Faust,  from  the 
German  of  Chamisso. 

PHILLIPS,  HENRY  M.,  congressman, 
was  born  June  30,  1811,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 
He  died  Aug.  3,  1884,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOORAl'HY. 


741 


PHILLIPS,  JAMES,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  was  born  April  22,  1792,  in  Eng 
land.  In  1826  he  became  professor  of 
mathematics  in  the  university  of  North 
Carolina,  where  he  remained  till  his  death. 
He  projected  a  complete  course  of  math 
ematical  studies,  and  prepared  treatises 
on  algebra,  geometry,  trigonometry  and 
kindred  subjects.  He  died  March  16,  1867, 
in  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 

PHILLIPS,  JOHN,  benefactor,  was  born 
Dec.  6,  1719,  in  Andover,  Mass,  \vith  his 
brother  he  founded  Phillips  Andover 
academy,  April  21,  1778,  giving  to  it  $31,- 
000,  besides  a  third  interest  in  his  estate, 
and  in  1781  he  founded  Phillips  Exeter 
academy,  and  endowed  it  with  $134,000. 
He  died  April  21,  1795,  in  Exeter,  N.  H. 

PHILLIPS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1770,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  sent  to  the  Massachusetts 
senate  in  1804,  and  continued  member  of 
that  body  until  his  death,  serving  as  pre 
siding  officer  in  1813-23.  He  was  elected 
first  mayor  of  Boston  in  1822.  He  died 
May  23,  1823,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PHILLIPS,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1821  to  1823. 

PHILLIPS,  JOHN,  physician,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1823,  in  Richmond, 
Vt.  Since  1848  he  has  been  a  physician 
of  Stevens  Point,  Wis.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Wisconsin  state  assembly  in  1860- 
€4,  and  was  pension  examiner  during 
1863-85.  He  was  regent  of  normal  schools 
during  1876-91;  and  treasurer  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Stevens  Point  board  of  edu 
cation  during  1876-81. 

PHILLIPS,  MAUDE  GILLETTE,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1860,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  She  is  an  educator  who  has 
published  A  Popular  Manual  of  English 
Literature. 

PHILLIPS,  MILTON  C.,  lawyer,  was 
born  July  25,  1856,  in  Royalton,  Wis. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  common  schools,  and  subse 
quently  attended  Oberlin  college,  Ohio.  He 
is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Wiscon 
sin  at  Oshkosh;  and  has  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  United  States  district  attor 
ney  for  the  eastern  district  of  Wisconsin. 

PHILLIPS,  PHILIP,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1807,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In  1834  he 
was  elected  for  two  years  to  the  South 
Carolina  state  legislature.  In  18-37  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Alabama  demo 
cratic  state  convention,  and  in  1844  was 
elected  to  the  legislature.  In  1851  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  legislature.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Alabama, 
from  1853  to  1855,  and  declined  a  re-elec 
tion.  He  died  Jan.  14,  1884,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

PHILLIPS,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1690,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  ordained  minister  of  the 
south  parish  of  Andover  in  1711,  which 
relationship  lasted  during  his  lifetime.  He 
published  an  Elegy;  and  numerous  relig 
ious  treatises  and  occasional  sermons. 
He  died  June  5,  1771,  in  Andover,  Mass. 

PHILLIPS,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
7,  1751,  in  North  Andover,  Mass.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  provincial  congress, 
and  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
1779,  for  twenty  years  a  state  senator,  and 
for  fifteen  years  its  president.  He  was  a 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in 
1781-98,  a  commissioner  of  the  state  in 
Shays's  insurrection,  and  was  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Massachusetts  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1802,  in  North 
Andover,  Mass. 


PHILLIPS,  STEPHEN  CLARENDON, 
merchant,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1801,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
He  was  chosen  a  representative  in  the 
Massachusetts  state  legislature;  from  1830 
to  1831  was  state  senator,  and  in  1832 
and  1833  was  again  a  member  of  the 
house.  From  J834  to  1838  he  represented 
Massachusetts  in  congress.  He  died  June 
26,  1857,  at  sea. 

PHILLIPS,  THOMAS  W.,  public  official, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1835,  in 
Beaver  county,  Pa.  When  the  Producers' 
Protective  association  was  formed  in 
1887,  he  was  elected  president  of  the  asso 
ciation  without  opposition,  and  continued 
to  serve  in  that  capacity  for  three  years. 
He  is  president  of  the  Citizens'  National 
bank  of  New  Castle,  Pa.,  and  president  of 
the  electric  street  railway  of  the  same 
place.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

PHILLIPS,  WENDELL,  orator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  29,  1811,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  celebrated  orator  of  Boston,  a 
vehement  opponent 
of  slavery,  and  an 
active  champion  of 
labor  reform  and  wo 
man  suffrage.  He 
was  the  author  of 
The  Constitution  a 
Pro-Slavery  Con 
tract;  Lectures,  Ora 
tions  and.  Letters  to 
1861;  Speeches,  Lec 
tures  and  Addresses; 
and  The  Scholar  in  a 
Republic.  He  died 
Feb.  2,  1884,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PHILLIPS,  WILLARD,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1784,  in  Bridgewater, 
Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Boston,  and  the 
author  of  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Insur 
ance;  Manual  of  Political  Economy;  The 
Law  of  Patents;  The  Inventor's  Guide; 
and  Protection  and  Free  Trade.  He  died 
Sept.  9,  1873,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

PHILLIPS,  WILLIAM  A.,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1826,  in  Scotland. 
He  went  to  Kansas  as  a  writer  for  the 
New  York  Tribune.  He  entered  the  army 
as  major  in  1861,  and  commanded  an  In 
dian  regiment  during  the  war  in  the  west. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
of  Kansas.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third,  forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

PHILLIPSE,  FREDERICK,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  in  1626  in  Holland.  In 
1699  he  erected  at  his  own  expense,  op 
posite  Castle  Phillipse,  a  substantial 
church,  which  is  now  the  oldest  relig 
ious  edifice  in  the  state  of  New  York.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  governor's  council 
for  more  than  twenty  years.  He  died 
Dec.  23,  1702,  in  New  York  city. 

PHILSON,  ROBERT,  governor,  was 
born  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1819 
to  1821. 

PHIN,  JOHN,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  9,  1832,  in  Scotland.  He  is  a 
New  \ork  publisher  of  technical  journals, 
and  the  author  of  Open-Air  Grape  Cul 
ture;  Chemical  History  of  the  Creation; 
Practical  Treatise  on  Lightning  Rods; 
How  to  Use  the  Microscope;  Workshop 
Companion;  Preparation  and  Use  of  Ce 
ments  and  Glue;  Dictionary  of  Practical 
Agriculture;  Trade  Secrets  and  Private 
Recipes;  and  A  Pocket  Dictionary  of  Mon 
etary  and  Coinage  Terms. 

PHINIZY,  CHARLES  H.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1835,  in  Augusta, 
Ga.  From  1882-87  he  was  president  of 
the  Augusta  cotton  factory,  and  in 


became  president  of  the  Atlanta  and  West 
Point  railroad,  and  of  the  Western  rail 
road  of  Atlanta. 

PHINNEY,  EDWIN  R.,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1846,  in 
Bangor,  Maine.  In  1883  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  representative  in  the 
Michigan  state  legislature.  He  is  now 
president  of  the  Cleveland  Shingle  com 
pany  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

PHIPPS,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  Feb.  2,  1651,  in  Maine.  He  served  in 
the  colonial  army  against  the  French  in 
1690,  and  in  1692  became  the  first  royal 
governor  of  Massachusetts.  He  died  Feb. 
18,  1695,  in  London,  England. 

PHISTER,  ELIJAH  CONNER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  8,  1822,  in  Maysville,  Ky.  He 
was  mayor  of  Maysville  in  1847  and  1848, 
and  was  elected  circuit  judge  in  1856  and 
served  six  years.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature  from  1867 
to  1871,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  democrat. 
PHCENIX,  J.  PHILLIPS,  state  legislat 
or,  congressman,  was  born  in  Morristown, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1843  to  1845, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  state  assembly 
in  1848  from  New  York  city.  He  was 
again  in  congress  from  1849  to  1851.  He 
died  May  4,  1859,  in  New  York. 

PHCENIX,  STEPHEN  WHITNEY,  ben 
efactor,  author,  was  born  May  25,  1839, 
in  New  York  city.  He  left  his  books  relat 
ing  to  heraldry  and  genealogy  to  the  New 
York  Historical  society,  together  with  a 
legacy  of  $15,000,  the  income  of  which  is 
to  be  invested  in  books  on  kindred  sub 
jects.  His  curiosities,  works  of  art,  pic 
tures,  and  coins,  to  the  Metropolitan  Mu 
seum  of  Art;  and  his  general  library  of 
books,  to  be  known  as  The  Phoenix  Col 
lection,  to  -Columbia,  with  $500,000  for 
technical  use,  eventually,  in  the  school  of 
mines.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1881,  in  New 
York  city. 

PHYFE,  WILLIAM  HENRY  PINKNEY, 
author,  was  born  in  1855  in  New  York. 
-  He  is  an  author  of  New  York  city,  and 
has  written  How  Should  I  Pronounce? 
The  School  Pronouncer;  Seven  Thousand 
Words  Often  Mispronounced;  The  Test 
Pronouncer;  and  Five  Thousand  Words 
Commonly  Misspelled. 

PHYSICK,  PHILIP  SYNG,  surgeon,  was 
born  July  7,  1768,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  a  student  of  the  celebrated  John  Hun 
ter,  and  distin 
guished  himself  by 
his  faithful  attention 
to  his  professional 
duties  during  the 
frightful  mortality 
caused  by  the  yellow 
fever  in  Philadel 
phia,  1793,  when  not 
only  citizens,  but 
even  physicians,  fled 
from  the  city.  In 
1825  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the 
French  Royal  Academy  of  Medicine,  and 
is  said  to  be  the  first  American  who  re 
ceived  this  honor.  He  died  Dec.  15,  1837, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PIATT,  DONN,  soldier,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  June  29,  1819, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  a  lawyer  and 
journalist  of  Washington,  and  during  the 
civil  war  a  federal  officer.  He  was  the 
author  of  Sunday  Meditations;  Memories 
of  the  Men  Who  Saved  the  Union;  Poems 
and  Plays;  Life  of  General  George  H. 
Thomas;  and  The  Lone  Grave  of  the 
Shenandoah.  He  died  in  1891. 


742 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PIATT,  JOHN  JAMES,  poet,  was  born 
March  1,  1835,  in  James  Mills  (now  Mil 
ton),  Ind.  He  is  a  poet  who  was  consul 
at  Cork  in  1882-93.  He  has  been  a  pro 
lific  writer  of  verse,  but  The  Morning 
Street,  one  of  his  earlier  poems,  still 
ranks  as  his  finest  effort.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Landmarks;  Western  Windows; 
Poems  of  House  and  Home;  Idyls  and 
Lyrics  of  the  Ohio  Valley;  Poems  in 
Sunshine  and  Firelight;  The  Lost  Farm, 
and  Other  Poems;  At  the  Holy  Well;  A 
Dream  of  Church  Windows  (a  revised  edi 
tion  of  Poems  of  House  and  Home) ;  The 
Lost  Hunting  Ground;  and  Little  New 
World  Idyls.  His  prose  is  included  in 
Penciled  Fly-Leaves;  and  A  Return  to 
Paradise. 

PIATT,  LOUISE  KIRBY,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  25,  1826,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
She  accompanied  her  husband  to  Europe 
when  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  le 
gation,  and  contributeu  letters  to  the 
Home  Journal,  which  were  afterward  pub 
lished  in  book-form  as  Bell  Smith  Abroad. 
She  died  Oct.  2,  1864. 

PIATT,  MRS.  SARAH  MORGAN  (BRY 
AN),  poet,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1836,  in 
Lexington,  Ky.  She  is  a  noted  poet,  and 
is  the  author  of  A  Woman's  Poems;  A 
Voyage  to  the  Fortunate  Isles,  and  Other 
Poems;  That  New  World,  and  Other 
Poems;  Dramatic  Persons  and  Moods; 
An  Irish  Garland;  In  Primrose  Time;  The 
Witch  in  the  Glass;  Complete  Poems 
(1894);  An  Enchanted  Castle;  and  Child's 
World  Ballads. 

PICARD,  GEORGE  HENRY,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1850,  in  Baldwin, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  physician  and  novelist  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  A  Mat 
ter  of  Taste;  A  Mission  Flower;  and  Old 
Boniface. 

PICK,  BERNHARD,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1842,  in  Prussia.  He  . 
is  a  lutheran  clergyman  of  Pennsylvania, 
prior  to  1884  a  presbyterian  minister;  and 
the  author  of  Luther  as  a  Hymnist;  His 
torical  Sketch  of  the  Jews;  Life  of  Christ 
according  to  Extra  Canonical  Sources;  In 
dex  to  the  Ante-Nicene  Fathers;  and  The 
Talmud:  What  It  Is. 

PICKARD,  JOSEPH  COFFIN,  educator, 
was  born  in  September,  1826,  in  Auburn. 
In  1873  he  became  professor  of  the  Eng 
lish  language  and  literature  in  the  Indus 
trial  university  at  Urbana,  111. 

PICKARD,  SAMUEL  THOMAS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1828  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  writer  who  for  many 
years  edited  the  Portland  (Maine)  Tran 
script.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  and  Let 
ters  of  John  Greenleaf  Whittier. 

PICKENS,  ANDREW  J.,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  19. 
1739,  in  Paxton,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature  from 
the  close  of  the  war  until  1793,  when  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1793  to  1795.  In  1795  he  was  com 
missioned  major-general  of  the  South  Car 
olina  militia,  and  was  frequently  a  com 
missioner  to  treat  with  the  Indians.  He 
died  Aug.  17,  1817,  in  Pendleton  district, 
S.  C. 

PICKENS,  FRANCIS  WILKINSON, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  April  7,  1805,  in  Toga- 
doo,  S.  C.  In  1832  he  was  a  member  of 
the  South  Carolina  state  legislature,  and 
took  part  in  the  nullification  excitement. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1835  to  1845.  In  1844  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate,  and  was  minister  to  Rus 
sia  from  1857  to  1860.  When  South  Carolina 
seceded  from  the  Union  he  was  chosen 
governor  of  the  state.  He  died  Jan.  15, 
1869,  in  Edgefield,  S.  C. 


PICKENS,  ISRAEL,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1780,  in  Mecklen 
burg  county  (now  Cabarrus),  N.  C.  He 
served  one  year  in  the  North  Carolina 
state  legislature.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1811 
to  1817,  in  which  year  he  was  appointed 
register  of  the  land  office  of  Mississippi 
territory.  On  removing  to  Alabama  he 
was  elected  governor  of  that  state  in  1821, 
and  in  1826  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Alabama.  He  died  April  24,  1827, 
in  Cabarrus,  N.  C. 

PICKENS,  RUPERT  T.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  April  4,  1860,  in  Bun 
combe  county,  N.  C.  He  has  been  mayor 
of  Ellijay,  Ga.,  and  during  1891-96  was 
mayor  of  Lexington,  N.  C.,  in  which  city 
he  is  a  prominent  lawyer.  He  has  served 
as  a  representative  in  the  North  Carolina 
state  legislature,  and  takes  an  active  part 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  state. 

PICKERING,  CHARLES,  naturalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1805,  in  Susque- 
hanna  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  naturalist  of 
eminence,  and  the  author  of  Races  of 
Men  and  Their  Geographical  Distribution; 
Geographical  Distribution  of  Animals  and 
Men;  and  Chronological  History  of  Plants. 
He  died  March  17,  1878,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PICKERING,  EDWARD  CHARLES,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  19,  1846,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  the  director  of  Harvard  ob 
servatory  at  Cambridge,  and  author  of 
Elements  of  Physical  Manipulation. 

PICKERING,  HENRY,  poet,  was  born 
Oct.  8,  1781,  in  Newburg,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  poet  of  New  York  who  published  Ruins 
of  Psestum;  Athens,  and  Other  Poems; 
and  The  Buckwheat  Cake.  He  died  Oct. 
8,  1871,  in  Newburg,  N.  Y. 

PICKERING,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Sept.  22,  1737,  in  Newington,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  constitution  of  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  Hampshire  from  1790  to 
1795,  and  was  at  one  time  chief  justice. 
He  was  subsequently  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  New  Hampshire. 
He  died  April  11,  1805,  in  Portsmouth. 

PICKERING,  JOHN,  lawyer,  linguist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1777,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Boston  and  a 
linguist  of  eminence,  and  the  author  of 
Greek  and  English  Lexicon;  Collection  of 
Words  and  Phrases  Supposed  to  be  Pe 
culiar  to  the  United  States;  and  Remarks 
on  the  Indian  Languages  of  North  Amer 
ica.  He  died  May  5,  1846,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PICKERING,  MRS.  M.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  in  1830,  in  Steubenville,  Ohio. 
For  thirteen  years  she  was  engaged  in  ed 
ucational  work;  and  also  took  an  active 
part  in  religious  and  temperance  work. 
She  is  a  poet  of  ability,  and  the  author  of 
a  volume  of  collected  poems.  She  is  also 
represented  in  Poets  of  America  and  other 
standard  works. 

PICKERING,  OCTAVIUS,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1791,  in  Wyoming, 
Pa.  He  was  a  Boston  lawyer  who  pub 
lished  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Supreme 
Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts  in  1822- 
40;  and  Life  of  Timothy  Pickering  (com 
pleted  by  Upham).  He  died  Oct.  29,  1868, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

PICKERING,  TIMOTHY,  statesman, 
cabinet  officer,  was  born  July  17,  1745,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  In  1776  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  for  Essex,  Mass.,  and  sole  judge  of 
the  maritime  court  for  the  middle  dis 
trict.  In  1777  he  became  adjutant-general, 
and  subsequently  quartermaster-general. 
In  1791  he  was  made  postmaster-general; 
in  1794  secretary  of  war,  and  the  follow 


ing  year  was  appointed  secretary  of  state. 
In  1803  he  was  elected  a  United  States 
senator  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  two  years 
later  was  elected  for  a  term  of  six  years. 
He  died  Jan.  9,  1829,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

PICKERING,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  in  England.  In  1861  he  was  appoint 
ed  from  Illinois  governor  of  the  territory 
of  Washington,  residing  in  Olympia,  serv 
ing  in  office  until  1867. 

PICKERING,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  as 
tronomer,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
15,  1858,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  an  as 
tronomer,  professor  in  Harvard  univer 
sity  from  1887,  and  the  author  of  Walking 
Guide  to  the  White  Mountain  Range. 

PICKETT,  ALBERT  JAMES,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  13,  1810,  in  Anson  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  a  writer  of  Montgomery, 
Ala.,  who  published  a  History  of  Alabama. 
He  died  Oct.  2s,  1858,  in  Montgomery,  Ala. 

PICKETT,  GEORGE  EDWARD,  sol- 
iuer,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1825,  in  Richmond, 
Va.  In  1861  he  joined  the  confederate 
army  as  colonel,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
major-general. 

PICKETT.  JAMES  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
journalist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Feb. 
6,  1793,  in  Fauquier  county,  Va.  In  the 
war  of  1812  he  was  an  officer  in  the  United 
States  artillery,  and  served  also  in  the 
army  from  1818  to  1821.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Virginia  legislature  in  1822; 
and  secretary  of  the  state  from  1825  to 
1828.  He  was  secretary  of  legation  to 
Columbia  from  1829  to  1833.  He  was  com 
missioner  of  the  United  States  patent  of 
fice  in  1S35;  was  fourth  auditor  of  the 
treasury  from  1835  to  1838;  and  was  min 
ister  to  Ecuador  in  1838.  He  was  charge 
d'affaires  to  Peru  from  1838  to  1845.  He 
died  July  10,  1872,  in  Washington. 

PICKLE,   GEORGE   WESLEY,   lawyer. 

was  born  March  6,  1845,  in  Knox  county, 

Tenn.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
East  Tennessee  uni 
versity  and  the 
Princeton  college  of 
New  Jersey.  Since 
1886  he  has  been  at 
torney-general  and 
reporter  of  Tennes 
see.  He  is  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of 
the  south;  takes  an 
active  part  in  politi 
cal  affairs;  has  filled 
several  public  posi 
tions  of  honor;  and 

contributes  extensively   to  law  literature 

and  the  periodical  press. 

PICKLER,  JOHN  A.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  24,  1844,  near  Salem,  Ind.  He  re 
moved  to  Muscatine,  Iowa,  in  1874;  and 
was  a  Garfield  elector,  second  district  of 
Iowa,  in  1880.  He  was  elected  to  the  Iowa 
legislature  in  1881.  He  moved  to  Da 
kota  in  1883,  and  was  elected  to  the  Da 
kota  legislature  in  1884,  and  appointed  in 
spector  in  public-land  service  in  interior 
department  in  1889.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  and  fifty-third 
congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

PICKMAN,  BENJAMIN,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1763.  In  1800  he  was  elected  to  the  Mas 
sachusetts  state  legislature;  was  elected 
a  state  senator,  and  was  re-elected  a  num 
ber  of  years.  In  1807  he  became  a  member 
of  the  executive  council,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1809  to  1811. 
In  1820  he  was  a  member  of  the  conven 
tion  for  revising  the  state  constitution. 
He  died  in  August,  1843,  in  Salem,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


743 


PICKNELL,  WILLIAM  LAMB,  artist, 
was  born  Oct.  23,  1854,  in  Hinesburg,  Vt. 
Among  his  works  are  Route  de  Con- 
carneau;  On  the  Borders  of  the  Marsh, 
in  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  Philadel 
phia;  A  Stormy  Day;  Coast  of  Ipswich,  in 
Boston  Art  Museum;  Sunshine  and  Drift 
ing  Sand;  A  Sultry  Day;  Wintry  March; 
Bleak  December;  After  the  Storm;  and 
November  Solitude. 

PICOTTB,  THEOPHILE  E.,  journalist, 
was  born  Oct.  26,  1848,  in  Montreal,  Can 
ada.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Times  of  Hailey,  Idaho,  one  of  the  fore 
most  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  of  that 
state. 

PICTON,  THOMAS,  politician,  law 
yer,  soldier,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
May  9,  1822,  in  New  York  city.  He  edited 
the  True  National  Democrat,  the  organ  of 
the  free-soilers  in  New  York  city.  On 
the  reorganization  of  the  Sunday  Mercury, 
he  became  one  of  its  editors,  and  con 
tributed  to  the  paper  a  series  of  popular 
stories  under  the  name  of  Paul  Preston. 
These  were  subsequently  published  in 
book-form,  and  had  an  extensive  sale. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war 
he  raised  a  battalion,  which  was  con 
solidated  with  the  thirty-eighth  New  York 
regiment,  with  which  he  went  to  the 
field.  He  was  the  author  of  Reminis 
cences  of  a  Sporting  Journalist.  He  died 
Feb.  20,  1891,  in  New  York  city. 

PIDCOCK,  JAMES  NELSON,  civil  en 
gineer,  agriculturist,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1836,  in  White 
House,  N.  J.  He  was  state  senator  from 
1877  to  1880,  and  in  1884  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PIEHN,  LOUIS  H.,  banker,  was  born 
March  10,  1837,  in  Germany.  He  emigrat 
ed  to  the  United  States  in  1852,  and  twen 
ty  years  later  settled  in  Nora  Springs, 
Iowa,  where  he  is  president  of  the  First 
National  bank.  He  is  also  the  president 
of  the  Anti-Vaccination  society  of  Amer 
ica,  and  president  of  the  United  States 
Medical  Liberty  league. 

PIEPER,  FRANZ  AUGUST  OTTO,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  27,  1852,  in 
Germany.  In  1878  he  became  professor  of 
theology  in  Concordia  seminary,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  This  post  he  held  until  1887,  when 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  institu 
tion.  He  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  de 
nominational  periodicals,  and  has  pub 
lished  several  works  in  German. 

PIERCE,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  govern 
or,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1757,  in  Chelmsford, 
Mass.  He  joined  the  revolutionary  army 
after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  and  re 
mained  in  it  through  the  war;  and  served 
as  ensign,  lieutenant  and  brigadier-gen 
eral.  From  1789  to  1802  he  was  a  member 
of  the  general  council,  and  chancellor 
from  1803  to  1809,  and  again  from  1814 
to  1818.  He  was  high  sheriff  from  1809  to 
1814,  and  again  from  1818  to  1823,  and  was 
governor  from  1827  to  1829.  He  died  April 
1,  1839,  in  Hillsborough,  N.  H. 

PIERCE,  BENJAMIN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  April  4,  1809,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
He  was  president  of  the  American  Institu 
tion  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  in 
1853;  one  of  the  council  which  established 
Dudley  Observatory  in  1855;  superintend 
ent  of  the  United  States  coast  survey  from 
1867  to  1874.  He  was  a  contributor  to 
several  scientific  journals,  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  Treatise  on  Analytic  Mechanics; 
Associative  Algebra;  and  Theory  of  the 
Tans  of  Comets.  He  discovered  and  an 
nounced  the  fluidity  of  Saturn's  rings  in 


1851,    and    prepared    a    volume    of   lunar 
tables  for  the  Nautical  Almanac. 

PIERCE,  BYRON  ROOT,  soldier,  was 
born  Sept.  20,  1829,  in  East  Bloomfield, 
N.  Y.  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war 
he  enlisted  in  the  third  Michigan  volun 
teers.  He  was  made  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  1864,  and  brevetted  major- 
general  in  1865. 

PIERCE,  CHARLES  W.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1823  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  Illinois  volun 
teers  soon  after  the  commencement  of  the 
rebellion.  He  settled  in  Alabama  in  1867, 
and  in  1868  was  elected  a  representative 
from  that  state  to  the  fortieth  congress. 

PIERCE,  DAVID  G.,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  April  27,  1840,  in  South  Britain, 
Conn.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the 
congregational  churches  of  South  Britain, 
Conn.,  and  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems. 

PIERCE,  EDWAHD  LILLIE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  March  29,  1829,  in 
Stoughton,  Mass.  He  was  a  prominent 
Boston  lawyer,  and  the  author  of  Ameri 
can  Railroad  Law;  Life  of  Charles  Sum- 
ner;  The  Law  of  Railroads;  and  Enfran 
chisement  and  Citizenship. 

PIERCE,  EMMONS  S.,  poet,  was  born 
Jan.  27,  1831,  in  Erie  county,  N.  Y.  He 
is  a  well-known  horseman  of  Springfield, 
N  Y.,  and  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled 
Poems  of  the  Turf,  and  Other  Ballads. 

PIERCE,  FRANKLIN,  fourteenth  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  Nov. 
23  1804  in  Hillsborough,  N.  H.  He  grad 
uated  at  Bowdom 
college  in  1824,  and 
then  entered  the  law 
school  at  Northamp 
ton,  Mass.,  where  he 
remained  two  years. 
In  1829  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  New  Hamp 
shire  legislature, 
where  he  served  four 
years,  and  the  last 
two  years  was  speak 
er  of  the  house.  In 
1833  he  was  elected  "a 
representative  in  congress,  and  held  the 
office  four  years.  He  married  Miss  Jane 
M.  Appleton  in  1834.  In  Io37  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  United  States  senate,  and  in  1842 
resigned  his  seat.  When  the  Mexican  war 
broke  out  he  accepted  the  commission  of 
brigadier-general,  and  distinguished  him 
self  at  the  battles  of  Cerro-Gordo  and 
Chapultepec.  In  1850  he  presided  over 
the  constitutional  convention  of  New 
Hampshire.  June  1,  1852,  the  national 
democratic  convention  met  at  Baltimore. 
The  two-thirds  rule  was  adopted.  The 
balloting  began  June  3,  and  on  the  first 
ballot  Lewis  Cass  received  114  votes; 
James  Buchanan,  93;  William  L.  Marcy, 
27;  Stephen  Arnold  Douglas,  20.  The  sev 
enteenth  ballot  that  day  stood:  For  Cass, 
99;  Buchanan,  87;  Douglas,  50;  Marcy,  26. 
The  second  day's  balloting  closed  with  the 
thirty-third  trial,  as  follows:  Cass,  123; 
Buchanan,  72;  Douglas,  60;  Marcy,  25. 
On  the  thirty-sixth  ballot  the  Virginia 
delegation  cast  their  votes  for  Franklin 
Pierce,  and  on  the  forty-ninth  he  re 
ceived  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  con 
vention.  William  Rufus  King  was  nom 
inated  for  vice-president.  Being  duly 
elected,  they  were  inaugurated  March  4, 
1853.  There  was  not  a  change  made  in 
his  cabinet  officers  during  his  adminis 
tration,  a  thing  that  has  never  before  or 
since  happened.  He  left  the  presidential 
chair  March  4,  1857,  and  returned  to  his 
home  in  New  Hampshire,  where  he  died 
Oct.  8,  1869.  Pierce  held  office  about 


seventeen  years.    He  left  about  fifty  thou 
sand  dollars. 

PIERCE,  FREDERICK  CLIFTON,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  30,  1856,  in  Worces 
ter  county,  Mass.  He  is  an  Illinois  writer 
who  has  written  town  histories  of  Barre 
and  Graf  ton,  Mass.,  and  of  Rockford,  111.; 
The  Harwood  Genealogy;  Pierce  History 
and  Genealogy;  Peirce  History  and  Gen 
ealogy;  and  Pearse  and  Pearce  Genealogy. 

PIERCE,  GEORGE  EDMUND,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Sept.  9, 
1794,  in  Southbury,  Conn.  For  twelve 
years  he  was  a  clergyman;  and  during 
1834-55  was  president  of  the  Western  Re 
serve  college.  He  died  May  28,  1871,  in 
Hudson,  Ohio. 

PIERCE,    GEORGE    FOSTER,    bishop, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1811,  in  Greene 
county,  Ga.     In  1854  he  was  elected  and 
ordained    methodist 
^^^^^  episcopal    bishop    at 

ilHHW  Columbus,    Ga.      He 

was    the    author    of 
Incidents  of  Western 
W  <**  IPF         Travel.     In   1842   he 
was  elected  president 
"    of  Emory  college,  re 
signing  in  1854.    The 
^^fc^g^L       B   degree  of  D.  D.  was 
5    conferred   upon   him 
1^^   by  Transylvania  uni- 
|gg^  I   versity,  and  that   of 

LL.  D.  by  Randolph 

Macon  college.    He  died  Sept.  3,  1884,  near 
Sparta,  Ga. 

PIERCE,  GILBERT  ASHVILLE,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  journalist,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  11. 
1838,  in  Cattaraugus  county,  N.  Y.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  Indiana  legislature.  In  1872  he  ac 
cepted  an  editorial  position  on  the  Chi 
cago  Inter-Ocean;  was  made  managing 
editor  of  that  paper  in  1876,  and  remained 
in  editorial  charge  until  1881,  when  he 
was  tendered,  and  accepted,  the  position 
of  chief  editorial  writer  on  the  Chicago 
Daily  News.  He  was  the  author  of  the 
Dickens  Dictionary,  and  of  two  novels 
of  a  political  character,  as  well  as  a 
number  of  plays.  In  1884  he  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  the  territory  of  Da 
kota;  and  in  1889  became  a  United  States 
senator  from  North  Dakota. 

PIERCE,  HENRY  LILLIE,  manufactu 
rer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1825, 
in  Stoughton,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  house  of  representatives  in 
1860,  1861,  1862  and  1866;  was  an  alderman 
of  the  city  of  Boston  in  1870  and  1871,  and 
was  mayor  of  Boston  in  1873.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  forty-third  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  and  in  1874  was  elected  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

PIERCE,  HENRY  NILES,  bishop  of 
Arkansas  and  the  Indian  territory,  was 
born  Oct.  19,  1820,  in  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 
He  was  elected  missionary  bishop  of  Ar 
kansas  and  the  Indian  territory,  and  was 
consecrated  in  Christ  church,  Mobile,  on 
Jan.  25,  1870.  He  has  published  numer 
ous  occasional  sermons,  essays,  and  ad 
dresses,  and  is  the  author  of  The  Ag 
nostic,  and  Other  Poems. 

PIERCE,  JOHN,  antiquarian,  was  born 
July  14,  1773,  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  He 
was  an  authority  on  genealogical  and  his 
torical  researches.  He  was  for  twenty 
years  president  of  the  Massachusetts 
Bible  society,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the 
founders.  His  works  consist  of  eighteen 
manuscript  volumes,  which  were  be 
queathed  by  him  to  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  society.  He  died  Aug.  24,  1849, 
in  Brookline,  Mass. 


744 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PIERCE,  JOHN  DAVIS,  clergyman, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  18, 
1797,  in  Chesterfield,  N.  H.  He  was  su 
perintendent  o£  public  instruction  in 
Michigan  for  two  years,  during  that  time 
edited  and  published  the  Journal  of  Edu 
cation,  and  also  edited  at  one  time  the 
Democratic  Expounder  at  Marshall.  He  is 
credited  with  being  the  author  of  the 
Michigan  free-school  system.  He  died 
April  5,  1882,  in  Medford,  Mass. 

PIERCE,  JOSEPH,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  during  the  years  1801  and 
1802. 

PIERCE,  LEWIS,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  April,  1832,  in  Gorham. 
He  has  represented  Portland  in  the  Maine 
legislature,  has  been  public  administrator 
for  the  county  of  Cumberland,  and  has 
served  on  the  school  committee  of  Port 
land. 

PIERCE,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  March,  1832,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Newburyport.  He  has  been  re 
peatedly  mayor  of  his  city,  and  has  rep 
resented  it  in  the  legislature. 

PIERCE,  RAY  VAUGHN,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1840,  in 
Stark,  N.  Y.  The  World's  Medical  Dis 
pensary  association,  of  which  he  is  presi 
dent  and  almost  sole  owner,  was  created 
for  the  more  systematic  manufacture  of 
his  popular  remedies.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate  in  1877;  and  in  1878  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York  to 
the  forty-sixth  congress. 

PIERCE,  RICE  A.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  3,  1848,  in  Dresden, 
Tenn.  He  was  elected  district  attorney- 
general  of  the  twelfth  judicial  circuit  in 
1874;  and  re-elected  in  1878  for  a  full  term 
of  eight  years.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-eighth,  fifty-first,  and  fifty-second 
congresses  as  a  democrat;  ran  as  an  in 
dependent  free  coinage  democrat  in  1892 
and  was  defeated;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PIERCE,  ROBERT  B.  F.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1843, 
In  Laurel,  Ind.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion. 
He  was  prosecuting  attorney  at  Craw- 
fordsville  from  1868  to  1874,  and  in  1880 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Indi 
ana  to  the  forty-seventh  congress. 

PIERCE,  THOMAS  MAY,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1837,  in  Chester,  Pa.  He 
is  the  author  of  Test  Business  Problems; 
Pierce's  School  Manual  of  Business 
Forms  and  Customs;  and  Pierce's  School 
Manna!  of  Bookkeeping. 

PIERCE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  about  1740  in 
Georgia.  He  served  in  the  revolutionary 
war  as  an  aide-de 
camp  to  General 
Greene,  and  for  his 
services  a  sword  was 
presented  to  him  by 
the  old  congress. 
He  was  a  delegate 
from  Georgia  to  the 
continental  congress, 
and  was  a  member  of 
the  convention 

which  framed  the 
federal  constitution. 
While  in  congress  he 

wrote  his  impressions  of  the  men  who 
served  in  that  body,  which  were  long  af 
terward  published  in  a  Savannah  paper. 
He  died  about  1806. 

PIERCE,  WILLIAM  HALFORD,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  12, 
1862,  in  Equality,  111.  He  attended  the  Ill 
inois  State  Normal  school;  the  Shurtleff 
college;  and  graduated  from  the  McKen- 


dree  college  and  the  Garrett  Biblical  in 
stitute.  In  1883  he  joined  the  southern 
Illinois  conference,  and  two  years  later 
was  transferred  to  the  Rock  River  con 
ference;  and  is  an  eminent  clergyman  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church.  He  is 
the  author  of  works  on  Agonography,  a 
system  of  shorthand  writing  without  an 
gles.  He  is  also  a  successful  lecturer  on 
popular  subjacts. 

PIERCE,  WINSLOW  SMITH,  pioneer, 
educator,  author,  was  born  May  3,  1819, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  one  of  the 
originators  of  the  first  line  of  steamships 
between  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  and  San 
Francisco.  He  settled  in  Indiana  in  1860, 
devoted  himself  largely  to  the  coal  and 
iron  industries,  and  laid  out  and  at  one 
time  owned  a  large  part  of  Indianapolis. 
He  left  in  manuscript  a  complete  collec 
tion  of  material  for  a  book  entitled  Rem 
iniscences  of  Public  Men  from  1828  to 
1888.  He  died  July  29,  1888,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

PIERPONT,  FRANCIS  HARRISON, 
lawyer,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1814, 
in  Monongalia  county,  Va.  From  1861  to 
1868  he  was  the  governor  of  West  Vir 
ginia,  and  has  held  numerous  offices  under 
the  United  States  government. 

PIERPONT,  JAMES,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1661,  in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a 
clergyman,  and  one  of  the  founders  of 
Yale  college.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1714,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

PIERPONT,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
poet,  was  born  April  6,  1785,  in  Litchfield, 
Conn.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Boston,  pastor  of  the  Hollis  street  church 
in  1819-45.  He  wrote  a  volume  of  sacred 
verse,  Airs  of  Palestine,  and  a  number 
of  domestic  lyrics,  which  were  very  pop 
ular,  Passing  Away  being  the  best  known 
of  any.  He  compiled  several  school  read 
ers,  the  most  noted  of  which  was  The 
American  First-Class  Book.  He  died  Aug. 
26,  1866,  in  Medford,  Mass. 

PIERREPONT,  EDWARDS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  March  4,  1817,  in  North 
Haven,  Conn.  He  was  judge  of  the  New 
York  supreme  court 
from  1857  to  1860; 
and  in  1862  was  made 
a  member  of  the  mil 
itary  commission  for 
the  trial  of  prisoners 
of  state.  He  was 
United  States  attor 
ney  for  the  southern 
district  of  New  York 
in  1869-70.  He  was 
appointed  attorney- 
general  of  the  United 
States  in  1875.  In  1876 
he  was  appointed  envoy  extraordinary 
and  minister  plenipotentiary  of  the  Unit 
ed  States  to  Great  Britain.  He  died  March 
6,  1892,  in  New  York  city. 

PIERREPONT,  EDWARD  WILLOUGH- 
BY,  public  official,  author,  was  born  In 
1860  in  New  York.  He  was  charge  d'af 
faires  at  Rome  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  the  author  of  From  Fifth  Avenue 
to  Alaska.  He  died  in  1885. 

PIERSE,  EDWIN  HALL,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1868,  in  Au 
burn,  N.  Y.  He  is  director  of  the  school 
of  music  at  Ripon  college  of  Wisconsin, 
and  the  author  of  numerous  compositions 
for  the  piano. 

PIERSON,  ABRAHAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1641,  in  Lynn,  Mass. 
He  was  the  first  rector  of  Yale  college, 
serving  from  1701-07.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  text-book  on  Natural  Philosophy,  which 
was  used  for  twenty-five  years.  He  died 
March  5,  1707,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

PIERSON,  ARTHUR  TAPPAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1837  in  New 


York.  He  is  a  congregational  clergyman 
of  note,  and  the  author  of  Acts  of  the 
Holy  Spirit;  Many  Infallible  Proofs;  The 
Crisis  of  Missions;  The  Miracles  of  Mis 
sions;  The  Divine  Art  of  Preaching;  The 
Heart  of  the  Gospel;  Keys  to  the  Word; 
and  Lessons  on  Prayer. 

PIERSON,  MRS.  CORNELIA  (TUT- 
HILL),  author,  was  born  in  1820  in  Con 
necticut.  She  was  the  author  of  Our  Lit 
tle  Comfort;  Wreaths  and  Blossoms  for 
the  Church:  When  Are  We  Happiest? 
and  The  Belle,  the  Blue,  and  the  Bigot. 
She  died  in  1870. 

PIERSON,  DELAVAN  L.,  poet.  He  is 
a  writer  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  poems. 

PIERSON,  HAMILTON  WILCOX,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1817, 
in  Bergen,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  in  Kentucky,  and  the  author  of 
Thomas  Jefferson  at  Monticello;  and  In 
the  Brush,  or  Old-Time  Social,  Political 
and  Religious  Life  in  the  Southwest. 

PIERSON,  ISAAC,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1770,  in  New  Jer 
sey.  He  practiced  medicine  for  forty  years 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1827  to  1831.  He  died 
Sept.  22,  1833,  in  New  Jersey. 

PIERSON,  JEREMIAH  H.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Essex  county,  N.  J.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1821  to  1823. 

PIERSON,  JOB,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  In  congress  from  New 
York  from  1831  to  1835.  He  died  April  9, 
1860. 

PIGOTT,  JAMES  P.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He 
is  a  noted  lawyer  of  New  Haven;  was 
chairman  of  the  state  delegation  to  the 
democratic  national  convention  in  1888, 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress. 

PIKE,  ALBERT,  lawyer,  journalist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1809,  In 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  jour 
nalist  of  Little  Rock,  Memphis,  and  Wash 
ington  successively,  who  served  as  an  of 
ficer  in  the  confederate  army.  He  was  the 
author  of  Hymns  to  the  Gods;  Prose 
Sketches  and  Poems;  Nugse,  a  collection 
of  Poems;  and  Arkansas  Supreme  Court 
Reports,  1840-45.  He  died  April  2,  1891, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

PIKE,  AUSTIN  F.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct. 
14,  1819,  in  Hebron,  N.  H.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Hampshire  house  of 
representatives  in  1850,  1851,  1852,  1865 
and  1866,  and  speaker  during  the  last  two 
years.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1852;  was  a  member  of  the  New  Hamp 
shire  senate  in  1857  and  1858,  and  was 
president  of  the  senate  in  the  latter  year. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  forty-third  congress; 
and  in  1883  was  elected  a  United  States 
senator  from  New  Hampshire  for  the 
term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1883.  He 
died  Oct.  8,  1886,  in  Franklin,  N.  H. 

PIKE,  FRANCES  WEST  ATHERTON, 
author,  was  born  March  17,  1819,  in  Pros 
pect,  Maine.  She  has  published  Step  by 
Step;  Here  and  Hereafter;  Katherine  Mor 
ris;  Sunset  Stories,  in  six  volumes;  Climb 
ing  and  Sliding;  and  Striving  and  Gaining. 

PIKE,  FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  9,  1817,  in  Calais,  Maine.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Maine  legislature, 
serving  one  term  as  speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives.  In  1860  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Maine  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress,  and  was  re-elect 
ed  to  ihe  thirty-eighth,  thirty-ninth  and 
fortieth  congresses.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1886, 
in  Calais,  Maine. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


745 


PIKE,  JAMES,  clergyman,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  November,  1818,  in 
Salisbury,  Mass.  He  was  a  minister  in 
the  methodist  episcopal  church  from  1841 
to  1854;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  Hampshire  in  the  thirty-fourth 
and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 

PIKE,  JAMES  SHEPARD,  'journalist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1811,  in  Calais, 
Maine.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city  who  was  minister  to  the  Netherlands, 
in  1861-66,  and  the  author  of  A  Prostrate 
State;  The  Restoration  of  the  Currency; 
The  Financial  Crisis;  Horace  Greeley  in 
1872;  The  First  Blows  of  the  Civil  War; 
The  New  Puritan;  and  New  England  Two 
Hundred  Years  Ago.  He  died  Nov.  24, 
1882,  in  Calais,  Maine. 

PIKE,   JOSEPH   W.,   farmer,   educator, 
was   born   Feb.   16,   1832,   in   Columbiana 
county,  Ohio.     He  has  been  a  justice  of 
the  peace,  town  coun 
cilman,  school  teach 
er,  and  prominent  in 
religious     affaire     in 
Iowa    at   Millersville 
and  Sioux  City.     He 
has  contributed  arti 
cles  on  politics,  tem 
perance  and  prohibi 
tion     for     thirty-rive 
•^       years.       His     poems 
1^^    have  appeared  in  sev- 
t  jy,"  nil   :-i;mci;iril   works. 

and   in    the    leading 

magazines  and  newspapers  of  the  United 
States. 

PIKE,  MRS.  MARY  HAYDEN 
(GREEN),  author,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1825, 
in  Eastport,  Maine.  She  was  a  once  popu 
lar  novelist,  and  the  author  of  Ida  May; 
Caste;  Agnes;  and  Bond  and  Free. 

PIKE,  ZEBULON  MONTGOMERY,  sol 
dier,  traveler,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1779,  in 
L/amberton,  N.  J.  He  was  a  surveyor  of 
the  newly  acquired  territory  of  Louisiana 
in  1805,  and  discovered  that  lofty  peak  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains  in  Colorado  which 
bears  his  name.  He  died  April  27,  1813. 

PILCHER,  ELIJAH  HOMES,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  2,  1810,  in 
Athens,  Ohio.  He  was  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  of  Michigan  who  wrote  a  History 
of  Protestantism  in  Michigan.  He  died 
April  7,  1887,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

PILCHER,  JAMES  J.,  surgeon,  author, 
was  born  March  18,  1857,  in  Adrian,  Mich. 
He  was  surgeon  in  the  army;  professor  of 
military  surgery  in  the  Ohio  Medical  uni 
versity;  and  of  military  hygiene  in  the 
Starling  Medical  college.  He  is  the  author 
of  First  Aid  in  Illness  and  Injury;  and  a 
number  of  other  popular  medical  works. 

PILE,  WILLIAM  A.,  soldier,  clergyman, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1829,  near 
Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  was  a  clergyman 
of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church, 
and  a  member  of  the 
Missouri  conference 
at  the  commence 
ment  of  the  rebel 
lion.  In  1861  he 
joined  the  Missouri 
volunteers  as  chap 
lain;  in  1862  had 
command  of  a  bat 
tery  of  artillery  as 
captain,  and  was 
soon  afterward  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  colonel  of  infantry. 
In  1863  he  was  appointed  a  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  United  States  volunteers,  and  was 
in  the  Missouri  campaign  under  General 
Lyon.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  fortieth 
congress,  and  in  1869  was  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  New  Mexico.  In  1871  he  was  ap 
pointed  minister  resident  to  Venezuela. 
He  died  July  7,  1889,  in  Monrovia,  Cal. 


PILGRIM,  WILLIAM  MAWER,  mer 
chant,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1839,  in 
England.  This  successful  merchant  has 
served  as  a  representative  in  the  legis 
lature  of  Illinois  from  Bradford. 

PILLING,  JAMES  CONSTANTINE,  eth 
nologist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1846, 
in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  an  ethnol 
ogist  of  distinction  in  the  government  ser 
vice,  among  whose  writings  are  Bibliogra 
phies  of  the  Languages  of  the  North 
American  Indians,  of  the  Eskimoan  Lan 
guages,  of  the  Siouan,  of  the  Iroquoian, 
and  others.  He  died  in  1895. 

PILLOW,  GIDEON  JOHNSON,  soldier, 
was  born  June  8,  1806,  in  Williamson 
county,  Tenn.  He  became  a  brigadier- 
general  in  1846,  and  in  1861  major-general. 
He  died  Oct.  6,  1878,  in  Lee  county,  Ark. 
PILLSBURY,  ALBERT  E.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1849,  in  Mil- 
ford,  N.  H.  He  has  attained  eminence  as 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  New  Eng 
land,  and  has  a  large  practice  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  has  filled  various  positions  in 
financial,  charitable  and  other  corpora 
tions  and  associations.  During  1876-78  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
house  of  representatives;  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  state  senate  in  1884-86, 
and  president  of  the  senate  in  1885-86.  In 
1891-93  he  was  attorney-general  of  Mas 
sachusetts;  and  now  holds  the  chair  of 
constitutional  law  in  the  Law  school  of 
the  Boston  university.  He  has  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  from  the 
Harvard  university. 

PILLSBURY,  CHARLES  ALFRED, 
merchant,  was  born  about  1843  in  Warner, 
N.  H.  In  1869  he  came  west  and  settled  in 
Minneapolis.  He  went 
about  the  study  of 
milling  flour  in  a  sci 
entific  way  and  in  a 
short  time  mastered 
it.  At  that  time  there 
were  four  or  five  old- 
fashioned  mills  in  the 
town,  and  he  under 
took  to  introduce 
new  methods  by  re 
placing  the  old  stone 
grinders  with  steel 
ones.  In  1872  he  en 
larged  his  plant,  took  his  father  and 
brother  into  partnership,  and  by  1890  he 
had  built  up  the  largest  flour  mill  in  the 
world.  The  new  process  created  a  de 
mand  for  hard  spring  wheat,  which  had 
always  ranked  as  less  desirable  than  the 
soft  winter  cereal.  In  1890  an  English 
syndicate  capitalized  the  concern,  and  Mr. 
Pillsbury  is  its  manager.  The  Pillsbury 
mills  are  run  on  the  profit-sharing  plan. 
PILLSBURY,  JOHN  S.,  merchant,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  in  1827,  in 
New  Hampshire.  In  1854  he  removed  to 
Minnesota  and  settled  at  the  Falls  of  St. 
Anthony;  and  engaged  in  business  as  a 
hardware  merchant.  He  was  for  twelve 
years  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  state 
senate;  and  in  1864  was  president  of  the 
board  of  regents  of  the  State  university 
of  Minnesota.  In  1877  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Minnesota,  and  in  1880  was  re- 
elected,  serving  until  1884. 

PILLSBURY,  OLIVER,  educator,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1817,  in  Hen- 
niker,  N.  H.  He  served  three  terms  in 
the  New  Hampshire  legislature,  was  a 
state  councillor  in  1862  and  1863,  display 
ing  executive  ability  and  energy  in  busi 
ness  connected  with  the  New  Hampshire 
quota  of  troops,  and  in  1869  was  appoint 
ed  the  first  insurance  commissioner  of  the 
state,  holding  the  office  till  his  death.  He 
died  Feb.  22,  1888,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

PILLSBURY,  PARKER,  abolitionist, 
reformer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1809, 
in  Hamilton,  Mass.  In  his  infancy  his 


parents  moved  to  Henniker,  N.  H.,  where 
he  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools.  In  1839  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  but  subsequently  abandoned  the 
pulpit  and  threw  himself  into  the  cause 
of  emancipation.  His  greatest  work  in 
the  anti-slavery  cause  was  upon  the  plat 
form,  but  for  a  time  he  had  editorial 
charge  of  the  Herald  of  Freedom,  and 
later  of  the  National  Anti-Slavery  Stan 
dard.  From  1840  until  the  legal  extinc 
tion  of  slavery  he  was  one  of  the  most 
zealous  and  effective  of  the  abolition  ora 
tors;  and  visited  England  in  its  cause  in 
1854.  He  subsequently  engaged  in  the 
elevation  of  woman  and  kindred  reforms 
in  conjunction  with  Mrs.  Stanton  and 
Susan  B.  Anthony.  In  his  later  years  he 
has  been  a  student  of  theosophy,  spirit 
ism  and  other  philosophical  and  psycho 
logical  subjects.  He  is  the  author  of  Acts 
of  the  Anti-Slavery  Apostles;  and  a 
large  number  of  addresses  and  articles  on 
various  subjects.  He  resides  in  Con 
cord,  N.  H. 

PILSBURY,  TIMOTHY,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  April  12,  1789,  in 
Newbury,  Mass.  He  settled  in  Maine; 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  executive 
council;  and  also  served  in  the  state  leg 
islature.  He  went  from  Maine  to  Ohio, 
thence  to  Louisiana,  and  finally  to  Texas. 
He  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  sen 
ate  and  house  of  representatives  of  Texas; 
and  when  that  republic  came  into  the 
union  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1846  to  1849.  He  died  Nov. 
23,  1858,  near  Danville,  Texas. 

PINCHBACK,  PINCKNEY  BENTON 
STEWART,  journalist,  state  senator,  was 
born  May  10,  1827,  in  Macon,  Ga.  He  is 
of  African  descent;  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  1867;  state 
senator  in  1868;  and  in  1870  established 
the  New  Orleans  Louisianian. 

PINCKNEY,  CHARLES,  state  legislat 
or,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1758  in  Charlesion,  S.  C.  He 
served  in  the  provincial  legislature;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  provincial  congress 
•  in  1785.  In  1787  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
convention  which  framed  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States,  and  signed  that  in 
strument.  He  was  governor  of  South 
Carolina  from  1789  to  1792,  and  from 
1796  to  1798.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  1798  to  1801;  and  in  1801  was 
appointed  minister  to  Spain,  holding  that 
position  until  1805.  He  served  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1810  and  1812;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1819  to 
1821.  He  died  Oct.  29,  1824,  in  Charleston, 
S.  C. 

PINCKNEY,  CHARLES  COTES- 
WORTH,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  public 
official,  author,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1746,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
was  a  member  of 
the  first  provincial 
congress  of  South 
Carolina  in  1775;  and 
was  a  captain,  and 
soon  after  colonel  of 
the  first  South  Caro 
lina  regiment.  In 
1779  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  South 
Carolina  senate;  and 
defended  Charleston 
against  General  Pro 
vost.  He  was  a  member  of  the  con 
vention  which  framed  the  federal  consti 
tution.  He  was  major-general  of  state 
militia;  and  in  1796  was  minister  to 
France.  On  his  return  home  he  was  made 
major-general;  was  a  candidate  for  the 
vice-presidency  in  1800;  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  the  famous  sentiment:  Millions 
for  defense,  but  not  one  cent  for  tribute. 
He  died  Aug.  16,  1825,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 


746 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPH1'. 


PINCKNEY,  CHARLES  COTES- 
WORTH,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
July  31,  1812,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  is 
an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Charleston; 
and  the  author  of  Life  of  General  Thomas 
Pinckney. 

PINCKNEY,  HENRY  LAURENS,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1794,  in  Charleston,  S. 
C.  He  was  a  member  of  the  South  Caro 
lina  legislature  from  1816  to  1832;  and  was 
mayor  of  Charleston  in  1832,  and  in  1839 
and  1840.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1833 
to  1837;  and  was  subsequently  collector 
of  the  port,  and  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature.  He  was  editor  of  the  Charleston 
Mercury  in  1819;  and  was  a  prominent 
leader  in  the  state  rights  party.  He  was 
the  author  of  Memoirs  of  Jonathan  Max- 
ey;  Robert  Y.  Hayne;  and  Andrew  Jack 
son.  He  died  Feb.  3,  1863,  in  Charleston, 
S.  C. 

PINCKNEY,  THOMAS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Oct.  23,  1750,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was 
governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1787  to 
1789;  was  minister  to  Great  Britain  from 
1792  to  1794;  and  in  the  latter  year  went 
on  a  mission  to  Spain,  where  he  made  the 
treaty  of  St.  Ildefonso,  securing  to  the 
United  States  the  free  navigation  of  the 
Mississippi.  In  1796  he  returned  to  Char 
leston;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1799  to  1801.  He  died 
Nov.  2,  1828,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

PINDALL,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1817 
to  1820,  when  he  resigned. 

PINDAR,  JOHN  S.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1835,  in 
Sharon,  N.  Y.  In  1868  he  was  elected  the 
first  police  justice  of  the  village  of  Cobles- 
kill,  N.  Y.  In  1872  he  was  elected  trus 
tee  of  the  village,  in  which  position  he 
continued  to  serve  until  1882,  when  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  village;  and 
was  annually  twice  re-elected.  In  1884  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the 
fifty-first  congress. 

PINDAR,  SUSAN,  author,  was  born 
about  1820  in  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.  She  is  the 
author  of  Susan  Pindar's  Story  Books; 
and  Legends  of  the  Flowers. 

PINGREE,  HAZEN  S.,  merchant,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1842,  in  Den 
mark,  Maine.  He  was  elected  mayor  of 
Detroit  in  1886  and  served  three  succes 
sive  terms.  He  was  elected  governor  of 
Michigan  in  1896. 

PINGREE,  SAMUEL  EVERETT,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  2, 
1832,  in  Salisbury,  N.  H.  He  was  twice 
elected  state's  attorney  for  Windsor  coun 
ty,  Vt. ;  and  in  1882  was  elected  lieuten 
ant-governor  of  Vermont,  serving  two 
years.  In  1884  he  was  elected  governor 
of  Vermont  for  a  term  of  two  years. 

PINKERTON,  ALFRED  S.,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  19,  1856,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 
In  1886  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  house  of  representatives; 
and  in  1890  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate. 

PINKERTON,  ALLAN,  detective,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1819,  in  Scotland. 
He  is  a  chartist  who  came  to  America  in 
1842  and  settled  in  Chicago,  where  he 
founded  a  famous  detective  agency.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Molly  Maguires  and 
the  Detectives;  Criminal  Reminiscences; 
The  Spy  of  the  Rebellion;  Thirty  Years 
a  Detective;  and  Railroad  Forgers  and 
the  Detectives.  He  died  July  1,  1884,  in 
Chicago,  111. 


PINKLEY,  VIRGIL  A.,  orator,  poet, 
was  born  Feb.  18,  1852,  in  Girard,  111.  He 
is  the  director  of -elocution  and  oratory 
in  the  college  of  Music  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  a  standard 
work  entitled  Essentials  of  Elocution  and 
Oratory;  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

PINKNEY,  FREDERICK,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1804,  at  sea. 
He  was  deputy  attorney-general  of  Mary 
land,  and  assistant  editor  of  the  Maryland- 
er,  and  subsequently  of  the  Baltimore  Pa 
triot.  During  the  civil  war  he  published 
poems  and  songs  that  became  popular. 
He  died  June  13,  1873. 

PINKNEY,  NINIAN,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  1776  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He 
became  captain  in  1807,  was  major  of  the 
fifth  infantry,  and  aide  to  Gen.  James  Wil 
kinson  in  1813,  became  lieutenant-colonel 
in  1814,  and  in  1820  was  promoted  colonel. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  book  entitled 
Travels  in  the  South  of  France  and  in  the 
Interior  of  the  Provinces  of  Provence  and 
Languedoc  by  a  Route  Never  Before  Per 
formed.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1825,  in  Balti 
more,  Md. 

PINKNEY,  NINIAN,  surgeon,  was  born 
June  7,  1811,  in  Annapolis,  Md.  He  en 
tered  the  United  States  navy  as  assistant 
surgeon  in  1834,  became  surgeon  in  1841, 
and  became  medical  director  with  the 
rank  of  commodore  in  1871.  He  died  Dec. 
15,  1877,  near  Easton,  Md. 

PINKNEY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  17,  1764,  in  Annapolis,  Md.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  con 
vention  which  rati 
fied  the  federal  con 
stitution;  and  from 
1789  to  1792  was  a 
representative  i  n 
congress.  In  1795  he 
was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature.  In 
1806  he  was  envoy 
extraord  i  n  a  r  y  to 
England,  and  in  1808 
was  made  minister 
plenipotentiary.  He 
settled  in  Baltimore  in  1811;  was  soon 
after  a  member  of  the  state  senate;  and 
in  1811  was  attorney-general.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  in  1815  and 
1816;  and  was  then  made  minister  to 
Russia  and  envoy  to  Naples.  In  1819  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  United  States 
senate,  and  continued  in  that  station  until 
his  death.  He  died  Feb.  25,  1822,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

PINKNEY,  WILLIAM,  bishop,  was 
born  April  17,  1810,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 
He  was  the  fifth  protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Maryland.  He  died  July  4,  1883. 
PINNELL,  ETHAN  ALLEN,  educator, 
soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  17, 
1834,  in  Crawford  county,  Mo.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
in  the  public  schools 
of  Missouri;  and 
subsequently  taught 
in  the  schools  of 
Missouri  and  Illinois. 
He  served  four  years 
in  the  confederate 
service  as  captain  of 
company  D,  eighth 
regiment  Missouri 
infantry.  After  the 
war  he  continued 
teaching  until  1873, 
when  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Steelville,  Mo.  During  1882-86  he  was 
judge  of  probate  in  his  native  county; 
and  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer. 
In  1893  he  moved  to  Florida,  where  he  is 
a  solicitor  in  chancery,  abstractor  of  land 
titles,  and  successful  lawyer  at  Bronson. 


PINNEY,  DANIEL  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  June  2,  1837,  in 
Albion,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  Illinois  state  legislature  in  1876 
and  1877;  and  in  1883  was  appointed  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Arizona. 

PINNEY,  LAURA  YOUNG,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  Iowa.  She  is  the  author 
of  a  collection  of  poems  entitled  Within 
the  Golden  Gate. 

PINNEY,  NORMAN,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1800,  in. 
Simsbury,  Conn.  In  1852  he  was  associat 
ed  with  Joseph  Rindge  in  establishing  a 
large  boys'  school,  which  was  called  the 
Collegiate  institute  of  Mobile.  He  con 
tributed  poetry  to  periodicals,  and  was 
the  author  of  a  series  of  text-books,  in 
cluding  First  Book  in  French;  Key  to  the 
Same;  Progressive  French  Reader;  and 
Practical  French  Reader.  He  died  Oct.  1, 
1862,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

PINTARD,  LEWIS,  merchant,  was  born 
Oct.-  12,  1732,  in  New  York  city.  He 
ranked  as  one  of  the  great  merchants  of 
his  time,  and  was  one  of  the  incorporators 
of  the  chamber  of  commerce,  which  was 
established  by  George  III  in  1770  and  by 
the  New  York  legislature  in  1784.  He  died 
March  25,  1818,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

PIPER,  RICHARD  UPTON,  physician, 
author,  was  born  April  3,  1818,  in  Strath- 
am,  N.  H.  He  is  a  Chicago  physician; 
and  the  author  of  Operative  Surgery;  and 
The  Trees  of  America. 

PIPER,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1811  to  1813. 

PIPER,  WILLIAM  A.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1825  in  Franklin  coun 
ty,  Pa.  He  moved  to  California  in  1849, 
in  San  Francisco.  In  1874  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  California  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PIRCE,  WILLIAM  A.,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  29, 
1824,  in  Scituate,  R.  I.  In  1855  he  was 
elected  a  state  senator;  and  in  1858  and 
again  in  1862  was  elected  a  representative 
in  the  Rhode  Island  legislature.  In  1862 
he  was  appointed  assessor  of  internal 
revenue  for  the  second  district  of  Rhode 
Island,  which  position  he  held  until  the 
office  was  abolished  in  1873.  In  1879  he 
was  again  elected  a  member  of  the  state 
house  of  representatives,  and  was  re-elect 
ed  in  1880  and  1881.  In  1882  he  was  again 
elected  state  senator.  In  1884  he  was. 
elected  a  representative  from  Rhode 
Island  to  the  forty-ninth  congress. 

PIRTLE,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1798,  in  Wash 
ington  county,  Ky.  In  1825  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  general  court  to 
fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  chancellor  of  the 
Louisville  chancery  court  and  professor 
of  constitutional  law,  equity,  and  com 
mercial  law  in  the  university  of  Louis* 
ville  in  1846-68.  He  published  Digest  of 
the  Decisions  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of 
Kentucky.  He  died  March  28,  1880,  la 
Louisville,  Ky. 

PISE,  CHARLES  CONSTANTINE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1802  in  An 
napolis,  Md.  He  was  a  once  prominent 
Roman  catholic  clergyman  of  Brooklyn; 
and  the  author  of  History  of  the  Church 
to  the  Reformation;  The  Acts  of  the 
Apostles  in  Blank  Verse;  Father  Row 
land;  Indian  Cottage,  a  Unitarian  Story; 
The  Pleasures  of  Religion,  and  Other 
Poems;  Horse  Vagabundse;  Alethia;  Zen- 
osius;  Letters  to  Ada;  Lives  of  St.  Ig 
natius  and  His  First  Companions;  Notes 
on  a  Protestant  Catechism;  and  Chris 
tianity  and  the  Church.  He  died  May  26, 
1866,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


HERR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


747 


PITCHER,  JAMES,  clergyman,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1845,  near 
the  village  of  Knox,  N.  Y.  He  received 
a  thorough  education  and  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the 
Union  college  of  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  and 
the  degree  of  D.  D.  by  the  Hartwick  sem 
inary,  in  which  latter  institution  he  was 
principal  for  nineteen  years,  and  in  1891 
was  made  professor  of  English  and  na 
tural  sciences.  He  is  the  author  of  Out 
lines  of  Surveying  and  Navigation;  The 
Hermit  of  Moss  Pond,  in  rhyme;  Rip 
Van  Winkle,  in  rhyme;  and  other  works. 

PITCHER,  JAMES  ROBERTSON,  finan 
cier,  was  born  March  5,  1845,  in  Wind- 
ham,  N.  Y.  In  1877  he  founded  the 
United  States  Mutual  Accident  associa 
tion. 

PITCHER,  NATHANIEL,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
in  1777  in  Litchfleld,  Conn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  legislature  in 
1806,  1815,  1816,  and  1817;  and  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  1821.  In  1828  he  was  lieutenant- 
governor  and  acting  governor  of  the  state; 
and  was  subsequently  commissioner  to 
survey  the  state  roads.  He  was  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1819  to  1823,  and  again  from  1831  to 
1833.  He  died  May  25,  1836,  in  Sandy  Hill, 
N.  Y. 

PITCHER,  THOMAS  GAMBLE,  soldier, 
was  born  Oct.  23,  1824,  in  Rockport,  Ind. 
During  1871-77  he  was  governor  of  the 
soldiers'  home  at  Washington,  D.  C. ;  and 
during  1880-87  was  superintendent  of  the 
New  York  State  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
home. 

PITCHER,  ZINA,  physician,  was  born 
April  12,  1797,  in  Sandy  Hill,  N.  Y.  He 
was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  the 
United  States  army  in  1822;  and  sur 
geon  with  rank  of  major  in  1832.  He  was 
a  regent  of  the  university  of  Michigan  in 
1837-52.  He  died  April  5,  1872,  in  De 
troit,  Mich. 

PITKIN,  ALFRED  HENRY,  educator, 
lawyer,  clergyman,  was  born  Sept.  4, 
1867,  in  Watson,  111.  After  receiving  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  he  attended  McKendree  college 
of  Lebanon,  111.  For  many  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educational  work,  and  was 
professor  of  the  Shumway  High  school. 
He  was  next  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
practiced  that  profession  with  success.  He 
is  now  a  successful  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church  at  Odin,  111.; 
and  has  filled  pastorates  in  various  other 
cities.  He  has  attained  success  in  re 
building  churches  and  parsonages;  has 
received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D. ;  is  an 
orator  of  great  power;  and  prominent  in 
the  Epworth  league  of  southern  Illinois. 

PITKIN,  FREDERICK  WALKER,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1837,  in  Man 
chester,  Conn.  In  1878  he  was  elected 
governor  of  Colorado,  and  re-elected  to 
this  office  in  1880  as  a  republican.  He  died 
Dec.  18,  1886,  in  Pueblo,  Colo. 

PITKIN,  TIMOTHY,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  21, 
1766,  in  Farmington,  Conn.  He  was  for 
several  years  a  member  of  the  Connecti 
cut  legislature;  and  was  speaker  of  the 
house  during  five  sessions.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1805  to 
1819.  He  was  the  author  of  Statistical 
View  of  the  Commerce  of  the  United 
States;  and  Political  and  Civil  History 
of  the  United  States  from  1763  to  the 
Close  of  Washington's  Administration. 
He  died  Dec.  18,  1847,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn. 


PITKIN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1664  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was 
judge  of  the  county  and  probate  courts 
and  of  the  court  of  assistants  in  Connec 
ticut  from  1702  till  1711  when  the  superior 
court  was  established  in  place  of  the 
court  of  assistants,  and  of  which  he  was 
chief  justice  in  1713.  This  office  was  held 
by  four  successive  generations  of  William 
Pitkins.  He  died  April  5,  1723,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

PITKIN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  April  30,  1694,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  •  He  was  a  member  of  the 
council  in  1734;  and  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  state  court  of  Connecticut  in 
1741.  He  was  lieutenant-governor  and 
chief  justice  from  1754  to  1766;  and  in 
1754  was  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  con 
vention  at  Albany.  He  was  governor  of 
Connecticut  from  1766  to  1769.  He  died 
Oct.  1,  1769,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

PITMAN,  BENN,  author,  educator,  art 
critic,  was  born  July  22,  1822,  in  Trow- 
bridge,  England.  In  1857,  after  four 
years  of  experiment 
ing  he  was  the  first 
to  perfect  the  mod 
ern  method  of  pro 
ducing  and  printing 
from  relief  copper 
plates.  For  this  he 
received  a  silver 
medal  from  the  Art 
and  Manufacturers' 
exposition.  During 
1873-93  he  was 
a  lecturer  on  art  and 
teacher  of  practical 
art  in  the  Cincinnati  Art  academy.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Reporter's  Compan 
ion;  Manual  of  Phonography;  and  Phon 
ographic  Dictionary. 

PITMAN,  CHARLES  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1849  to  1851. 

PITMAN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1784  in  Rhode  Island.  He  was  for 
forty  years  a  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  in  his  state.  He  died  Nov. 
17,  1864,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

PITMAN,  MRS.  MARIE  J.  [DAVIS], 
journalist,  author,  was  born  March  17, 
1850,  in  Hartwick,  N.  Y.  She  was  a  jour 
nalist  and  correspondent  of  Boston  who 
published  European  Breezes  and  a  num 
ber  of  juvenile  stories.  She  died  Nov.  30, 
1888,  in  Hartwick,  N.  Y. ' 

PITNEY,  MAHLON,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1858,  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Morristown,  N.  J.  In  1894  he  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth  congress;  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

PITRAT,  JULIUS  E.,  manufacturer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1817,  in  Lyons, 
France.  He  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1839;  during  1885-88  he  invented 
the  computing  scale. 

PITTENGER,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
31,  1840,  in  Knoxville,  Ohio.  He  is  a 
methodist  clergyman  and  educator  of 
Philadelphia,  a  federal  soldier  during  the 
civil  war;  and  the  author  of  Daring  and 
Suffering;  Oratory,  Sacred  and  Secular; 
and  Extempore  Speech. 

PITTS,  EDMUND  LEVI,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  23,  1839,  in  Yates, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
assembly  from  1864  till  1868,  and  its 
speaker  in  1867.  From  1869  till  1873  he 
was  United  States  assessor  of  internal 
revenue.  He  was  a  state  senator  from 
1880  till  1887,  serving  as  president  pro 
tempore  in  1886-87. 


PITTS,  JOHN,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1738  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  selectman  of  Boston  from  1773  till 
1778;  represented  the  city  in  several  pro 
vincial  congresses;  and  was  speaker  of 
the  house  in  1778,  and  afterward  state 
senator.  He  died  in  1815  in  Tyngsboro. 

PITTSINGER,  MRS.  ELIZA  A.,  poet,, 
was  born  March  18,  1837,  in  Westhampton, 
Mass.  She  commenced  life  as  a  school 
teacher,  then  became 
a  proofreader  and 
reviewer  in  Boston. 
She  moved  to  Cali 
fornia,  where  she  at 
tracted  attention  by 
her  stirring  war 
songs  and  poems 
written  during  the 
civil  war.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  volume 
of  poems  entitled 
Bugle  Peals;  and 
her  poems  have  been 
included  in  Poets  of  America,  and  sev 
eral  other  standard  collections. 

PITZLR,  ALEXANDER  WHITE,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
14,  1834,  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  is  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman  of  Washington,  profes 
sor  of  biblical  literature  in  Howard  uni 
versity  from  1875;  and  the  author  of  Ecce 
Deus  Homo;  Christ  the  Teacher  of  Men; 
The  New  Life  and  Not  the  Higher  Life; 
Confidence  in  Christ;  and  other  works. 

PLAISTED,  HARRIS  MERRILL,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1828,  in 
Jefferson,  N.  H.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
volunteer  service  as  lieutenant-colonel; 
and  became  a  major-general  by  brevet.  He 
served  two  years  in  the  New  Hampshire 
legislature;  and  was  attorney-general  for 
Maine  from  1873  to  1875.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  that  state  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He- 
was  governor  of  Maine  from  1881  to  1883. 
PLANT,  DAVID,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Stratford,  Conn. 
In  1819  and  1820  he  was  speaker  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives;  in  1821 
a  member  of  the  state  senate;  and  was 
twice  re-elected.  From  1823  to  1827  he 
was  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state; 
and  from  1827  to  1829  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Connecticut.  He 
died  Oct.  18,  1851. 

PLANT,  HENRY  BRADLEY,  president 
of  the  Plant  system,  was  born  Oct.  27^ 
1819,  in  Branford,  Conn.  He  is  president, 
of  the  Plant  system  of  railway  and  steam 
ship  lines  and  of  the  Southern  and  the 
Texas  Express  companies. 

PLANTEN,  JOHN  RUTGER,  diplomat, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1835,  in  Amsterdam, 
Netherlands.  He  attended  the  primary 
school  in  the  Netherlands;  the  Columbia 
grammar  schools  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  Columbia  college.  During  1874-84  he 
was  vice-consul  of  the  Netherlands;  and 
since  1884  has  been  consul-general  of  the 
Netherlands. 

PLANTS,  TOBIAS  A.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  March  17,. 
1811,  in  Beaver  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  legislature  from  1858 
to  1861.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  for 
tieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

PLASSMANN,  ERNST,  artist,  was  born 
June  14,  1823,  in  Sondern,  Westphalia.  He 
executed  many  models  for  statuettes  and 
ornamental  metal  work,  and  gained  sev 
eral  medals  at  the  American  institute  for 
his  work  in  woodcarving  and  plaster  mod 
els.  He  published  Modern  Gothic  Orna 
ments,  with  thirty-three  plates.  He  died 
Nov.  28,  1877,  in  New  York  city. 


748 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHV. 


PLATER,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1736  in 
St.  Mary's  county,  Md.  He  was  judge  of 
the  Maryland  court  of  appeals;  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1778  to  1781.  He  was  president  of 
the  convention  which  ratified  the  federal 
constitution;  and  was  governor  of  Mary 
land  in  1792.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1792,  in 
Annapolis,  Md. 

PLATER,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1801  to  1805. 

PLATT,  CHARLES  ADAMS,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  16,  1861,  in  New  York  city.  He 
has  given  much  attention  to  etching,  in 
which  branch  of  art  he  has  been  very  suc 
cessful.  His  works  include  Interior  of 
Fishhouses;  Fishing  Boats;  Provincial 
Fishing  Village;  Old  Houses  Near  Bruges; 
Deventer,  Holland;  Quai  des  Orfevres, 
Paris;  and  Dieppe. 

PLATT,  CHARLES  DAVIS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  18,  1856,  in  Eliza 
beth,  N.  J.  He  has  been  principal  of  the 
Morris  academy  at  Morristown,  N.  J., 
since  1883.  He  is  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  entitled  Ballads  of  New  Jersey  in  the 
Revolution. 

PLATT,  FRANKLIN,  geologist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  19,  1844,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  a  Pennsylvania  geologist,  presi 
dent  of  the  Rochester  and  Pittsburg  Coal 
company  from  1881;  and  the  author  of 
Coke  Manufacturing;  Waste  in  Mining 
Anthracite;  and  other  volumes  of  geo 
logical  reports. 

PLATT,  JAMES  H.,  soldier,  physician, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  July  13, 
1837,  in  Canada.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
Virginia  in  1867.  He  was  president  of  the 
People's  Savings  bank  of  Petersburg;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  to  the  forty- 
first,  forty-second  and  forty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

PLATT,  JONAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  30,  1769,  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  He  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  New  York;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1799  to  1801.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1834, 
in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

PLATT,  ORVILLE  HITCHCOCK,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  July  19,  1827,  in  Washington, 
Conn.  He  was  clerk  of  the  Connecticut 
state  senate  in  1855  and  1856;  and  was 
secretary  of  the  state  in  1857.  He  was  a 
state  senator  in  1861  and  1862;  and  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1864  and  1869,  serving  the  latter  year 
as  speaker.  He  was  elected  a  senator  of 
the  United  States  from  Connecticut  as  a 
republican  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4,  1879;  in  1885  was  re-elected  for 
a  second  term,  ending  March  3,  1891;  and 
was  again  elected  in  1897  for  term  ending 
In  1903. 

PLATT,      THOMAS     COLLIER,      mer 
chant,  banker,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  July  15,  1833,  in  Owego. 
________^_     N.  Y.    He  was  presi 
dent    of    the    Tioga 
National  bank  at  its 
organization;       and 
became  largely  inter 
ested  in  the  lumber 
ing        business        in 
Michigan.      He    was 
county   clerk   of   the 
county   of    Tioga    in 
1859,  1860,  and  1861; 
and    was    elected    to 
the    forty-third    and 
forty-fourth       c  o  n- 
gresses.     He   was   elected    United    States 
senator  in   1881,  and  resigned  that  office 


May  16  of  the  same  year;  and  was  chosen 
secretary  and  director  of  the  United  States 
Express  company  in  1879,  and  in  1880  was 
elected  president  of  the  company.  He  was 
member  and  president  of  the  board  of 
quarantine  commissioners  of  New  York 
from  1880  till  1888.  He  was  president  of 
the  Southern  Central  railroad.  He  was 
elected  United  States  senator  in  1896,  and 
took  his  seat  March  4,  1897.  His  term 
of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1903. 

PLATT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April. 16,  1821,  in 
Amenia,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Rochester.  N.  Y.,  and  more  re 
cently  of  Petersburg,  Va.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Influence  of  Religion  in  the  De 
velopment  of  Jurisprudence;  After 
Death— What?;  God  Out  and  Man  In;  and 
The  Philosophy  of  the  Supernatural. 

PLATT,  ZEPHANIAH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1740  in  Dutchess  county,  N. 
Y.  He  was  a  delegate  from  New  York 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1784  to 
1786. 

PLATT.  ZEPHANIAH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1796  in  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.  He 
was  appointed  by  the  United  States  gov 
ernment  its  attorney  to  settle  its  claims 
on  the  Pacific  coast.  He  was  state  at 
torney-general  of  Michigan  for  several 
years,  and  took  high  rank  at  the  bar.  He 
removed  to  South  Carolina  at  the  close  of 
the  civil  war,  and  from  1868  until  his 
death  was  judge  of  the  second  circuit.  He 
died  April  20,  1871,  in  Aiken,  S.  C. 

PLAUTZ,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  June  13,  1859,  in 
Gloversville,  N.  Y.  For  many  years  he 
filled  a  pastorate  in  Detroit;  and  is  now 
the  president  of  the  Lawrence  university 
of  Appleton,  Wis. 

PLEASANTON,  AUGUSTUS  JAMES, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  in  1808  in  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia.  He  was  an  army  officer 
prominent  for  a  short  time  as  the  author 
of  a  work  on  the  Influence  of  the  Blue 
Ray  in  Developing  Animal  and  Vegetable 
Life.  He  died  in  1894. 

PLEASANTS,  JAMES,  congressman, 
governor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  24,  1769,  in  Goochland  county,  Va. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1811  to  1819;  and  was  United  States  sen 
ator  from  1819  to  1822.  He  was  governor 
of  Virginia  from  1822  to  1825.  He  died 
Nov.  9,  1836,  in  Goochland  county,  Va. 

PLEASANTS,  JOHN  HAMPDEN,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1797,  in  Goochland 
county,  Va.  He  removed  to  Richmond, 
Va.,  and  in  1824  founded  the  Constitution 
al  Whig  and  Public  Advertiser,  and  was 
its  chief  editor  for  twenty-two  years.  He 
died  Feb.  27,  1846,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

PLEASONTON,  ALFRED,  soldier,  was 
born  June  7,  1824,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
In  1844  he  graduated  from  the  United 
States  Military  acad 
emy.  He  took  part 
in  the  Mexican  war; 
served  on  frontier 
duty;  and  was  an 
adjutant-general  in 
the  Seminole  war.  In 
1861  he  was  appoint 
ed  major;  in  1862 
was  appointed  brig 
adier-general  of  vol 
unteers;  and  subse 
quently  became  a 
major-general.  He 
participated  in  the  numerous  actions  that 
preceded  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  and 
was  commander-in-chief  of  the  cavalry  in 
that  engagement.  In  1865  he  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  of  the  United 
States  army.  In  1868  he  became  United 
States  collector  of  internal  revenue;  and 


a  few  years  later  was  appointed  president 
of  the  Terre  Haute  and  Cincinnati  rail 
road. 

PLOWMAN,  THOMAS  SCALES,  sol 
dier,  merchant,  banker,  congressman, 
was  born  June  8,  1843.  After  the 
war  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business;  and  was  three  times  mayor 
of  Talladega,  Ala.  For  a  number  of 
years  he  has  been  president  of  the  First 
National  bank  of  Talladega,  which  he  or 
ganized.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

PLUMB,  CHARLES  SUMNER,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  April  21,  1860,  in 
Westfield,  Mass.  He  has  been  professor 
of  agriculture  in  various  institutions;  and 
since  1890  with  the  Purdue  university  of 
La  Fayette,  Ind.  He  is  the  author  of 
A  Biographical  Directory  of  American 
Agricultural  Scientists;  Indian  Corn 
Culture;  and  during  1887-91  edited  and 
published  a  monthly  magazine  entitled 
Agricultural  Science. 

PLUMB,  PRESTON  B.,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1837,  in 
Berkshire,  Ohio.  In 
1856  he  moved  to 
Kansas;  and  the 
following  year  was 
instrumental  in  lay 
ing  out  the  town  site 
of  Emporia;  and 
founded  The  Kansas 
News.  In  1851  he 
was  a  member  of 
the  Leavenworth 
constitutional  con 
vention;  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in 
1861;  and  served  with  distinction  through 
the  civil  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  col 
onel.  In  1867-68  he  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature;  and  in  1877  be 
came  a  United  States  senator  from  Kan 
sas;  and  was  re-elected  in  1883  and  in 
1888.  For  fifteen  years  he  was  president 
of  the  Emporia  National  bank.  He  died 
Dec.  20,  1891,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

PLUMB,  RALPH,  soldier,  merchant, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  wa's 
born  March  29,  1816,  in  Busti,  N.  Y.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
Ohio  state  legislature  and  served  three 
sessions.  He  was  brevetted  lieutenant- 
colonel  for  long  and  meritorious  service 
in  the  civil  war.  In  1866  he  moved  to  Il 
linois;  and  in  1882  was  elected  mayor  of 
Streator  without  an  opposing  vote,  and 
continued  in  that  office  until  1885.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Illi 
nois  to  the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

PLUMER,  ARNOLD,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1837  to  1839, 
and  again  from  1841  to  1843.  He  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  United  States  mar- 
shall  for  the  western  district  of  Pennsyl 
vania. 

PLUMER,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Allegheny  county.  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1821  to  1827. 

PLUMER,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  June  25,  1759,  in  Newburyport, 
Mass.  He  was  for  many  years  solicitor 
for  the  county  of  Rockingham;  was  for 
eight  years  a  member  of  the  state  legis- 
hiture,  two  years  speaker  of  the  house; 
and  served  as  a  member  and  president  of 
the  state  senate.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  1802  to  1807;  and  was  gov 
ernor  of  New  Hampshire  in  1813,  and  from 
I  Mii  to  1819.  He  died  June  22,  1850,  in 
Epping,  N.  H. 


HKRRINGSHAWS     KNCYCI^OPKDIA    CF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


749 


PLUMER,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Oct.  9,  1789,  in  Epping,  N.  H.  He 
frequently  served  in  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1819  to 
1825.  He  was  an  active  congressional  op 
ponent  of  slavery;  and  the  author  of 
Lyra  Sacra;  and  A  Pastoral  on  the  Story 
of  Ruth.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1854,  in  Ep 
ping,  N.  H. 

PLUMER,  WILLIAM  SWAN,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  July  25,  1802, 
in  Griersburg  (now  .Darlington),  Pa.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  extreme 
Calvinistic  views,  and  professor  of  the 
ology  in  the  Theological  seminary  at  Col 
umbia,  S.  C.,  in  1856-80.  His  principal 
writings  include,  Pastoral  Theology;  Je- 
hovah-jireh;  Studies  in  the  Book  of 
Psalms;  The  Book  of  Our  Salvation; 
Words  of  Truth  and  Love;  The  Saint  and 
The  Sinner;  Vital  Godliness;  Comment 
ary  on  Romans;  and  A  Word  to  the 
Weary.  He  dieci  in  1880. 

PLUMLEY.  BENJAMIN  RUSH,  author, 
was  born  March  10,  1816,  in  Newton,  Pa. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  John  C.  Fremont,  and  sub 
sequently  he  was  on  that  of  Gen.  Nathan 
iel  P.  Banks.  He  afterward  settled  In 
Galveston,  Texas.  His  works  include 
Kathaleen  McKinley,  the  Kerry  Girl; 
Rachel  Lockwood;  Lays  of  the  Quakers, 
which  appeared  in  the  Knickerbocker; 
and  Oriental  Ballads,  in  the  Atlantic 
Monthly.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1887,  in  Galves- 
tOB,  Texas. 

PLUMLEY,  GARDINER  S.,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1827,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  For  many  years  he  has  edited 
The  Learner  and  Teacher  of  New  York 
city.  He  has  composed  numerous  hymns; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems. 

PLUMMER,  FRANKLIN  E.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman.  He  was  at  one  time 
a  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Missis 
sippi;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1831  to  1835. 
He  died  Sept.  24,  1852,  in  Jackson,  Miss. 

PLUMMER,  JOSEPH  B.,  soldier,  was 
born  Aug.  10,  1820,  in  Barre,  Mass.  He 
served  in  Florida,  on  the  western  frontier, 
and  in  the  Mexican  war,  became  lieuten 
ant  in  1848,  and  captain  in  1852.  He  was 
appointed  brigadier-general  of  volunteers, 
and  became  major  of  infantry  in  1862. 
He  died  Aug.  9,  1862,  near  Corinth,  Miss. 

PLUMMER,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1865,  in  Gilman- 
ton,  N.  H.  He  attended  the  Gilmanton 
academy,  Dartmouth 
college,  and  the  Bos 
ton  University 
School  of  Law.  In 
1893  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  rep 
resentative  in  the 
New  Hampshire  leg- 
islature.  He  is  now 
a  prominent  lawyer 
of  Laconia,  N.  H., 
anf'  a  member  of  the 

I'Oilnl       Of       I'll  UCiU  i()ll 

of  that  city.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  national  democratic  state 
committee;  and  in  1896  was  alternate  del 
egate  to  the  national  democratic  conven 
tion. 

PLUMSTED,  CLEMENT,  mayor  of 
Philadelphia,  was  born  in  1680  in  Phila 
delphia.  He  came  to  Philadelphia  about 
the  time  he  attained  his  majority,  became 
a  successful  merchant,  and  its  mayor.  He 
died  May  26,  1745,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PLUNKETT,  JOSEPH  DANIEL,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  July  5, 


1842,  in  Ireland.  He  served  as  a  soldier 
during  the  civil  war.  He  entered  into  the 
active  practice  of  law  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  During  1883-84  he  represented  his 
district  in  the  general  assembly  of  Con 
necticut. 

PLYMPTON,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
civil  engineer,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  18,  1827,  in  Waltham,  Mass.  He  is  a 
civil  engineer  of  note,  editor  of  Van  Nos- 
trand's  Engineering  Magazine  in  1870-86; 
and  the  author  of  The  Blow-pipe;  The 
Starfinder;  and  The  Aneroid. 

POCAHONTAS,  Indian  heroine,  was 
born  in  1594.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Pow- 
hatan,  an  Indian  chief  of  Virginia.  She 
saved  the  life  of  Capt.  John  Smith,  who 
was  condemned  to  death  by  her  father. 
She  subsequently  married  Thomas  Rolfe; 
accompanied  her  husband  to  England, 
where  she  was  presented  to  court.  She 
died  a  year  later,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
three,  leaving  one  son.  This  son  was  edu 
cated  in  England;  afterward  returned  to 
Virginia;  became  wealthy  and  distin 
guished;  and  from  whom  have  descended 
several  well-known  families  of  that  state. 
She  died  in  1617. 

POE,  CASWELL  T.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  poet,  was  born  March  27,  1830,  in 
Richmond,  Va.  For  nearly  half  a  century 
he  has  followed  his 
profession  of  physi 
cian  and  surgeon, 
and  for  the  past 
quarter  of  a  century 
has  practiced  in 
Grand  Island,  Neb. 
He  was  city  physi 
cian  for  six  terms; 
county  physician  for 
nine  years;  and  med 
ical  director  of  St. 
Frances  hospital  for 
five  years;  volun 
tarily  resigning  each  of  these  positions  be 
cause  of  his  advanced  age.  He  is  a  de 
scendant  of  the  Poe  family  of  which 
Edgar  Allan  Poe  was  a  member.  Dr.  Poe 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems  of 
merit  which  have  been  given  a  place  in 
several  standard  collections. 

POE,  EDGAR  ALLAN,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  19,  1809,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
At  nineteen  he  published  his  first  volume, 
Tamerlane,  and  Oth 
er  Poems.  He  led  a 
wandering,  dissipat 
ed  life,  editing  at 
various  times 
Graham's  Magazine, 
The  Southern  Liter 
ary  Messenger,  and 
other  periodicals, 
and  died  of  delirium 
tremens  in  Balti 
more.  Among  his 
prose  tales,  The  Gold 
Bug;  The  Fall  of  the 
House  of  Usher;  and  Ligeia,  are  especially 
characteristic  of  his  genius,  while  such 
poems  as  The  Bells,  The  Raven,  Annabel 
Lee,  display  wonderful  melody  and  per 
fect  mastery  of  metre.  Beside  Tamerlane, 
his  writings  include,  The  Conchologist's 
First  Book;  Eureka,  a  Prose  Poem;  The 
Raven,  and  Other  Poems;  Tales  of  the 
Grotesque  and  Arabesque;  and  The  Nar 
rative  of  Arthur  Gordon  Pym.  The  best 
edition  of  Poe  is  that  edited  by  E.  C.  Sted- 
man  and  G.  E.  Woodbury,  in  ten  volumes. 
He  died  Oct.  7,  1849,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

POE,  ORLANDO  METCALFE,  soldier, 
was  born  March  7,  1832,  in  Navarre,  Ohio. 
In  1865  he  was  brevetted  brigadier-general 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  service  dur 
ing  the  civil  war. 

POEHLER,  HENRY,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  22, 


1833,  in  Germany.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  first  legislature  of  Min 
nesota  after  its  admission  as  a  state  in 
1857  and  1858,  and  again  in  1865.  He  was 
a  state  senator  in  1872  and  1873,  and  in 
1876  and  1877;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Minnesota  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

POINDEXTER,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  governor,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1779  in  Louisa  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  made  attorney-general  of 
Mississippi;  was  a  delegate  to  congress 
from  the  territory  from  1807  to  1813,  when 
he1  was  appointed  federal  judge  of  the  ter 
ritory.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1817  to  1819;  was  the  second 
governor  of  Mississippi  under  the  state 
constitution  from  1819  to  1821;  and  was 
a  United  States  senator  from  Mississippi 
from  1830  to  1835.  He  dieu  Sept.  5,  1853', 
in  Jackson,  Miss. 

J-OINSETT,  JOEL  ROBERTS,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  March  2,  1779,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  South  Carolina  from 
1821  to  1825.  He  was  appointed  United 
States  minister  to  Mexico;  and  was  sec 
retary  of  war  under  President  Van  Buren. 
He  was  a  botanist  of  some  note,  the  genus 
Poinsetiia  having  been  named  in  his  hon 
or;  and  the  author  of  Notes  on  Mexico, 
made  in  1822.  He  died  Dec.  14,  1851,  in 
Statesburg,  S.  C. 

POLAND,  JOHN  SCROGGS,  soldier,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1836,  in 
Princeton,  Ind.  In  1886  he  was  promoted 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  twenty-first  in 
fantry.  He  has  published  Digest  of  the 
Military  Laws  of  the  United  States. 

POLAND,  LUKE  P.,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1815,  in  West- 
ford,  Vt.  In  1848  he  was  elected  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  Ver 
mont,  which  office  he  continued  to  hold 
by  annual  elections  until  1865,  when  he 
was  appointed  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the 
United  States  senate.  Just  before  his  ap 
pointment  to  the  United  States  senate  he 
had  been  re-elected  to  the  supreme  bench, 
upon  which  he  held  the  position  of  chief 
justice,  to  which  he  was  promoted  in  1860. 
He  was  subsequently  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Vermont  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
first,  forty-second,  forty-third,  and  forty- 
eighth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He 
died  July  2,  1887,  in  Waterville,  Vt. 

POLK,  CHARLES,  state  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1787  in  Kent  county, 
Del.  He  served  in  the  Delaware  state  sen 
ate;  was  register  of  wills  for  a  long  time; 
and  was  collector  of  customs.  He  was 
twice  governor  of  the  state,  once  by  elec 
tion,  and  once  by  substitution  as  speaker 
of  the  senate.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1857. 

POLK,  JAMES  KNOX,  eleventh  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  Nov. 
2,  1795,  in  Mecklenburg  county,  N.  C. 
His  ancestors'  name 
was  Pollock.  In 
1806  his  father  and 
family  moved  to 
Nashville,  Tenn. 
James  graduated 
at  the  university  of 
North  Carolina  in 
1818,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in 
1820.  In  1823  he  was 
elected  to  the  Ten 
nessee  legislature, 
and  was  a  member  of 
that  body  two  years.  In  1825  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  national  house  of  representa 
tives.  He  held  the  office  by  re-elections 
for  fourteen  years,  and  was  chosen  speak- 


'750 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


•  er  of  the  house  two  terms.  He  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  Tennessee  in  1839,  and  was 
a  candidate  for  re-election  in  1841,  but 
was  defeated.  He  was  again  a  candidate 
for  the  same  office  in  1843,  and  was  again 
defeated.  On  the  27th  of  May,  1844,  the 
national  democratic  convention  assem 
bled  at  Baltimore.  On  the  first  ballot 
Martin  Van  Buren  received  146  votes; 
Lewis  Cass,  83;  Richard  Mentor  John 
son,  24;  John  Caldwell  Calhoun,  6,  and  7 
scattering.  Mr.  Van  Buren  received  a 
majority,  but  a  rule  of  the  convention  re 
quired  a  two-thirds  vote  to  nominate. 
On  the  eighth  ballot  Van  Buren  received 
104;  Cass,  114;  James  Knox  Polk,  44. 
On  the  ninth  ballot  the  vote  was  unani 
mous  for  Mr.  Polk.  George  Mifflin  Dallas 
was  nominated  for  vice-president.  They 
were  elected  the  coming  autumn,  and  took 
the  oath  of  office  March  4,  1845.  On  the 
3d  of  March,  1849,  Mr.  Folk's  administra 
tion  closed.  He  returned  to  his  home  in 
Nashville,  and  died  June  15,  1849.  Polk 
held  office  twenty-two  years.  He  left 
about  $150,000. 

POLK,  JEFFERSON  SCOTT,  lawyer, 
railway  president,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1831, 
near  Georgetown,  Ky.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Georgetown  college,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1854.  In  1856 
he  moved  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law,  and  soon 
ranked  with  the  ablest  lawyers  in  the 
state.  In  1885  he  retired  from  the  active 
practice  of  the  law,  and  devoted  his  time 
and  attention  to  his  various  personal  in 
terests;  and  has  since  then  been  engaged 
in  promoting  the  building  of  various  rail 
roads  leading  into  the  city  of  Des  Moines; 
in  building  other  public  improvements; 
and  is  largely  interested  in  and  president 
of  the  consolidated  street  railway  system 
in  the  city  of  Des  Moines. 

POLK,  JOHN  A.,  farmer,  legislator,  was 
born  March  12,  1829,  in  Nelson  county, 
Ky.  He  has  given  much  of  his  time  to 
grange  and  farmers'  institute  work;  and 
for  two  terms  was  a  representative  in  the 
Indiana  state  legislature.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Indianapolis,  Greenwood  and 
Franklin  Electric  railroad. 

POLK,  LUCIUS  EUGENE,  soldier,  state 
senator,  was  born  July  10,  1833,  in  Salis 
bury,  N.  C.  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war  he  entered  the  confederate  army  as  a 
private  under  Gen.  Patrick  R.  Cleburne, 
but  was  soon  commissioned  first  lieuten 
ant.  He  was  rapidly  promoted  until  he 
was  made  brigadier-general  in  1862.  In 
1884  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
democratic  convention  at  Chicago,  and  in 
1887  became  a  member  of  the  senate  of  the 
state  of  Tennessee. 

POLK,  MILTON  D.,  journalist,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  March  29,  1858,  in 
New  Castle,  Ind.  His  father  was  born  in 
South  Carolina,  of  the  same  family  as 
James  K.  Polk.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  Nebraska  state  university.  Dur 
ing  1888-89  he  represented  his  county  in 
the  Nebraska  state  senate;  has  prac 
ticed  law  since  1890  in  Plattsmouth,  Neb.; 
and  since  1891  has  been  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Daily  News  and  the  News-Herald  of 
that  city. 

POLK,  TRUSTEN,  lawyer,  governor. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  29, 
1811,  in  Sussex  county,  Del.  In  1856  he 
was  elected  governor  of  Missouri;  and  re 
signed  for  a  seat  in  the  United  States  sen 
ate,  to  which  he  was  elected  for  a  term  of 
six  years  from  March  4,  1857.  He  was  ex 
pelled  for  disloyalty  Jan.  10,  1862.  He 
died  April  16,  1876,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

POLK,  WILLIAM,  patriot,  was  born 
July  9,  1758,  in  Mecklenburg  county,  N. 
C.  In  1787  he  was  elected  a  member  of 


the  general  assembly;  and  in  1812  was  ap 
pointed  a  brigadier-general  in  the  regular 
army.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1834,  in  Raleigh, 

N.  C. 

POLK,  WILLIAM  HAWKINS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  24,  1815.  in  Maury  county,  Tenn. 
In  1841  and  1843  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Tennessee  state  legisla 
ture;  and  was  appointed  charge  d'  af 
faires  to  Naples,  where  he  negotiated  a 
treaty  with  the  Two  Sicilies.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Tennessee 
from  1851  to  1853.  He  was  a  brother  of 
President  Polk.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1862,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

POLLARD,  EDWARD  ALBERT,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1828,  in 
Nelson  county.  Va.  He  was  a  once  noted 
journalist  of  Richmond,  Va.,  and  an  active 
opponent  of  the  policy  of  Jefferson  Davis 
during  the  civil  war.  He  was  the  author 
of  Black  Diamonds;  Letters  of  the  South 
ern  Spy;  Southern  History  of  the  War; 
Obser\ations  in  the  North;  The  Lost 
Cause;  The  Lost  Cause  Regained;  Lee 
and  his  Lieutenants;  Life  of  Jefferson  Da 
vis,  with  the  Secret  History  of  the  Con 
federacy;  and  The  Virginia  Tourist.  He 
died  Dec.  12,  1872,  in  Lynchburg,  Va. 

POLLARD,  HENRY  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  14,  1836,  in 
Plymouth,  Vt.  In  1865  he  moved  to  Chilli- 
cothe,  Mo.,  and  practiced  law.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress. ' 

POLLARD,  HENRY  RIVES,  journalist, 
was  born  Aug.  29,  1833.  in  Nelson  coun 
ty,  Va.  In  1867  he  established,  with  his 
brother,  Southern!  Opinion,  in  Richmond, 
Va.,  of  which  he  continued  until  his  death 
one  of  the  editors  and  proprietors.  He 
died  Nov.  24,  1868,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

POLLARD,  JOSEPH  GREELEY,  manu 
facturer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  11, 
1833,  in  Milton,  N.  H.  He  was  a  suc 
cessful  leather  manufacturer  in  Woburn, 
Mass.,  but  is  not  in  active  business  now. 
During  1866-68  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  house  of  representatives, 
and  in  1869-70  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate. 

POLLARD,  JOSEPHINE,  litterateur, 
author,  was  born  about  1840  in  New 
York  city.  She  was  a  writer  of  New  York 
city,  whose  work  was  mainly  intended  for 
juvenile  readers.  She  was  the  author  of  . 
The  Gypsy  Books;  A  Piece  of  Silver;  El 
fin  Land;  Vagrant  Verses;  Songs  of  Bird 
Life;  The  Decorative  Sisters;  The  Boston 
Tea  Party;  and  Gellivor,  a  Christmas 
Legend. 

POLLOCK,  AUGUSTUS,  merchant,  ban 
ker,  was  born  July  5,  1830,  in  Westphalia. 
He  emigrated  to  America  in  1849;  and  in 
1852  started  in  busi 
ness  for  himself  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  Two 
years  later  he  moved 
his  business  to 
Wheeling,  W.  Va., 
which  has  since  been 
his  home.  In  1860  he 
established  a  whole 
sale  notion  house  In 
Wheeling,  which  he 
continued  until  1871. 
He  then  founded  a 
cigar  and  tobacco 
factory,  which  he  still  continues,  employ 
ing  regularly  over  one  hundred  hands  in 
the  production  of  Crown  Stogie  cigars.  He 
has  always  been  a  leader  in  every  move 
ment  that  had  for  its  object  the  develop 
ment  of  the  business  interests  of  his 
adopted  city.  He  had  been  president  of 
the  German  bank;  president  of  the  West 
Virginia  Tobacco  company;  a  director  in 


the  German  Insurance  company,  and  other 
incorporations.  During  the  civil  war  he 
encouraged  the  organization  of  the  first 
German  company  of  Wheeling  volunteers 
in  the  union  army,  and  enlisted  himself  in 
the  home  guards. 

POLLOCK,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  11, 
1810,  in  Milton,  Pa.  He  was  a  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas;  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  his  native  state 
from  1843  to  1849;  and  was  governor  of 
Pennsylvania  from  1855  to  1858.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  peace  congress  of  1861; 
and  in  that  year  was  appointed  director 
of  the  United  States  mint  in  Philadelphia, 
serving  as  such  until  1867.  He  died  April 
19,  1890,  in  Lock  Haven,  Pa. 

POLLOCK,  WILLIAM  D.,  educator,  law 
yer,  was  born  Oct.  24.  1862,  in  Onslow 
county,  N.  C.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  university  of  North  Carolina;  has 
been  superintendent  of  public  instruc 
tion,  mayor  of  Kingston,  N.  C.;  and  chair 
man  of  the  democratic  executive  commit 
tee  of  his  county.  He  is  a  prominent  law 
yer  of  Kingston,  N.  C. 

POLSLEY,  DANIEL,  agriculturist,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
28,  1803,  near  Fairmont,  Va.  He  was  elect 
ed  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state,  which 
position  he  held  until  West  Virginia  was 
admitted  into  the  union.  He  was  subse 
quently  elected  judge  of  the  seventh  judi 
cial  circuit  for  six  years;  and  in  1866  was 
elected  a  representative  from  West  Vir 
ginia  to  the  fortieth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

POMEROY,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman, 
was  born  Nov.  19,  1704,  in  Suffield,  Conn. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  on  Dec.  16, 1735,  in 
Hebron.  During  the  French  and  Indian 
war  he  was  chaplain  to  the  American 
army,  and  he  filled  a  like  office  during  the 
revolutionary  war.  He  was  active  in  the 
movement  that  led  to  the  founding  of 
Dartmouth  college,  becoming  one  of  its 
first  trustees.  He  died  Dec.  22,  1784,  in 
Hebron,  Conn. 

POMEROY,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1825,  in 
Meriden,  Conn.  He  became  president  of 
the  national  bank  in  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Iowa 
to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

POMEROY,  JOHN  NORTON,  educator, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  12,  1828,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  but  subsequently  pro 
fessor  of  law  in  the  university  of  Califor 
nia  in  1878-85.  He  was  the  author  of  In 
troduction  to  Municipal  Law;  Remedies 
and  Remedial  Rights;  Specific  Perform 
ance  of  Contract;  Equity  Jurisprudence; 
Riparian  Rights;  Introduction  to  United 
States  Constitutional  Law;  and  Lectures 
on  International  Law  in  Time  of  Peace. 
He  died  Feb.  15,  1885,  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

POMEROY,  MARCUS  MILLS,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1833,  in  El- 
mira,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  journalist  success 
ively  of  La  Crosse,  Wis. ;  New  York  city, 
and  Chicago.  He  was  the  author  of  Sense; 
Nonsense;  Gold  Dust;  Brick  Dust;  Our 
Saturday  Nights;  Home  Harmonies;  and 
Perpetual  Money.  He  died  in  1896. 

POMEROY,  SAMUEL  CLARKE,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Jan.  3,  1816,  in  Southampton, 
Mass.  He  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
Massachusetts  in  1852.  He  moved  to  Kan 
sas;  and  in  1861  took  his  seat  in  the 
United  States  senate  from  Kansas  for  six 
years.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  senate 
for  the  term  ending  in  1873;  and  subse 
quently  settled  in  Washington  city. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


751 


POMEROY,  SETH,  soldier,  was  born 
May  20,  1706,  in  Northampton,  Mass.  He 
was  an  ardent  patriot,  and  in  1774-75 
•served  as  a  delegate  to  the  provincial  con 
gress,  by  which  he  was  elected  a  general 
officer  in  1774,  and  brigadier-general  in 
1775.  He  died  Feb.  19,  1777,  in  Peekskill. 

POMEROY,  THEODORE  MEDAD,  law 
yer,  banker,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
31,  1824,  in  Cayuga,  N.  Y.  During  1851-56 
lie  was  district  attorney  of  Cayuga  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.;  a  member  of  the  assembly  of 
the  New  York  state  legislature  in  1857; 
and  a  member  of  the  thirty-seventh,  thir 
ty-eighth,  thirty-ninth,  and  fortieth  con 
gresses  during  1861-69,  being  speaker  of 
the  house  in  1869.  In  1875-76  he  was  may 
or  of  the  city  of  Auburn,  N.  Y. ;  was  a 
state  senator  in  1878-79;  and  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  public  and  political 
affairs  of  his  state. 

POND,  BENJAMIN,  state  legislator, 
•congressman.  He  served  four  years  in  the 
assembly  of  New  York  from  Essex  county. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1811  to  1813;  and  was  re- 
•elected.  He  died  in  June,  1815,  in  Schroon, 
.N.  Y. 

POND,  C.  H.,  governor.  He  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  of  Connecticut  in 
1853;  and  was  subsequently  acting  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  for  almost  one  year. 

POND,  CHESTER  PRATT,  educator, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1827,  in 
Venango  county,  Pa.  In  1857  he  opened 
the  business  school  in  Kansas  at  Leaven- 
worth.  For  fifty  years  he  has  been  a 
business  college  teacher;  and  now  con 
ducts  a  private  school  of  business  in  To- 
peka.  He  is  the  author  of  several  prose 
-works,  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

POND,  ENOCH,  educator,  clergyman, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  July 
29,  1791,  in  Wrentham,  Mass.  He  was  a 
•congregational  clergyman,  professor  in 
the  Theological  seminary  at  Bangor, 
Maine,  from  1832,  and  its  president  from 
1856.  He  was  the  author  of  Text-Book 
of  Ecclesiastical  History;  Pastoral  Theol 
ogy:  Memoir  of  Zinzendorf;  Life  of  In 
crease  Mather;  Plato:  his  Life,  Works. 
Opinions,  and  Influence;  Christian  Theol 
ogy;  and  History  of  God's  Church.  He 
•died  Jan.  21,  1882,  in  Bangor,  Maine. 

POND,  FREDERICK  EUGENE,  author, 
was  born  April  8,  1856,  in  Backwaukee, 
"Wis.  He  is  a  sporting  writer  and  editor 
of  Chicago;  and  the  author  of  Handbook 
for  Young  Sportsmen;  Memoirs  of  Emi 
nent  Sportsmen;  and  Gun  Trial  and  Field 
Records  of  America. 

POND.  GEORGE  EDWARD,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  March  11,  1837,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
and  Philadelphia,  editor  of  The  Army  and 
Navy  Journal;  and  the  author  of  The 
Shenandoah  Valley  in  1864. 

POND,  JAMES  BURTON,  soldier,  lec 
ture  manager,  was  born  June  11,  1838,  in 
Cuba,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  civil  war; 
attained  for  ganant  services  the  rank  of 
major.  After  the  civil  war  he  entered 
into  the  mercantile  business;  and  is  now 
a  lecture  manager. 

POND,  SAMUEL  WILLIAM,  mission 
ary,  author,  was  born  April  10,  1808,  in 
Washington,  Conn.  He  is  a  congregational 
missionary  to  the  Indians  in  Minnesota; 
and  the  author  of  History  of  Joseph  in  the 
Dakota  Language;  and  Wonapi  Inonpa, 
the  Second  Dakota  Reading  Book. 

POND,  WILLIAM  ADAMS,  soldier,  mu 
sic-publisher,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1824,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  He  became  well  known  as  a 
publisher,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
was  president  of  the  United  States  Music 
Publishers'  association.  He  died  Aug.  12, 
1885.  in  New  York  <city- 


PONDER,  JAMES,  merchant,  state  sen 
ator,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1819.  in 
Milton,  Del.  In  1856  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  Delaware  legislature; 
and  in  1864  was  elected  state  senator,  and 
in  1867  became  speaker  of  that  body.  In 
1870  he  was  elected  governor  of  Delaware 
for  the  term  ending  in  1875. 

POOK,  SAMUEL  HARTT,  naval  con 
structor,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1827,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  In  1842  he  became  a  naval 
architect,  and  in  1866  was  appointed  con 
structor  in  the  United  States  navy. 

POOK,  SAMUEL  MOORE,  naval  con 
structor,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1804,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  the  inventor  of  nu 
merous  devices  connected  with  his  pro 
fession,  and  wrote  A  Method  of  Compar 
ing  the  Lines;  and  Draughting  Vessels 
Propelled  by  Sail  or  Steam.  He  died  Dec. 
2,  1878,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

POOL,  CHARLES  C.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1845  in  Elizabeth  City, 
N.  C.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  in  1868,  and  in  1870 
was  elected  a  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  the  state  of  North  Carolina.  He  was 
twice  elected  a  member  of  congress,  and 
in  1896  became  mayor  of  his  native  city. 

POOL,  JOHN,  lawyer,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  June  16,  1826,  in  Pasquo- 
tank  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the 
North  Carolina  state 
senate  in  1856  and 
1858;  and  was  again 
chosen  to  the  state 
senate  as  a  peace 
candidate.  He  took 
a  leading  part  in  the 
movements  for  peace. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of 
1865,  and  was  again 
elected  to  the  senate. 
In  1865  he  was  elect 
ed  a  senator  in  congress  from  North 
Carolina,  but  was  not  admitted;  and  in 
1868  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position 
for  the  term  ending  in  1873.  He  died  Aug. 
18,  1884,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

POOL,  MARIA  LOUISE,  author,  was 
born  in  1845  in  Massachusetts.  She  was  a 
novelist  of  Rockland,  Mass.,  for  many 
years  a  writer  for  the  New  York  Tribune; 
and  the  author  of  In  Buncombe  County; 
A  Vacation  in  a  Buggy;  Tenting  at  Stony 
Beach;  Dolly;  Roweny  in  Boston;  Mrs. 
Keats  Bradford;  Out  of  Step;  The  Two 
Salomes;  Katharine  North;  Mrs.  Gerald; 
Against  Human  Nature;  In  a  Dike  Shan 
ty;  In  the  First  Person;  and  Boss  and 
Other  Dogs. 

POOL,  WALTER  F.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  'born  Nov.  10,  1850,  in  Elizabeth 
City,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  North  Carolina  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1883, 
in  Elizabeth  City,  N.  C. 

POOLE,  DANIEL,  soldier,  manufactur 
er,  inventor,  was  born  June  10,  1797,  in 
Abingdon,  Mass.  He  was  the  inventor  and 
patentee  of  shoe  nails,  and  other  valuable 
nails  and  tacks,  which  he  manufactured 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  About  1827  he  in 
vented  and  patented  a  cracker  machine, 
and  also  a  spinning  jenny.  He  also  in 
vented  a  dredging  machine,  brick-making 
machinery,  and  a  quartz  crusher.  He  died 
March  5,  1864,  at  Mt.  Carmel,  111.,  of  which 
city  he  was  mayor  in  1854. 

POOLE,  EDWARD,  colonist,  was  born 
in  1609  in  Weymouth,  England.  In  1639 
he  came  to  America  and  founded  Wey 
mouth,  Mass.  He  was  a  large  landed  pro 
prietor,  an  influential  man,  and  died  in 
1664. 


POOLE,  EDWARD  VALENTINE,  bank 
er,  was  born  April  3,  1826,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  founded  the  First  National  bank 
of  Pittston,  Pa.,  and  the  Home  Savings 
bank  of  South  Waverly,  Pa.  He  was  cap 
tain  of  an  independent  military  company. 
He  died  Oct.  6,  1887,  in  Wyoming,  Del. 

POOLE,  FITCH,  journalist,  librarian, 
state  legislator,  author,  poet,  was  born 
June  13,  1803,  in  Danvers,  Mass.  He 
edited  the  Danvers  Wizard  from  its  estab 
lishment  in  1859  till  1868.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  li 
brary,  which  afterward  became  the  Pea- 
body  institute,  and  he  was  its  librarian 
from  1856  till  his  death.  He  was  in  the 
legislature  in  1841-42,  and  held  several  lo 
cal  offices.  He  was  the  author  of  numerous 
satirical  ballads  that  attained  popularity, 
the  best  known  of  which  was  Giles  Corey's 
Dream.  He  died  Aug.  19,  1873,  in  Pea- 
body,  Mass. 

POOLE,  MRS.  HESTER  MARTHA 
[HUNT],  author,  was  born  in  1843  in  Ver 
mont.  She  is  a  writer  living  at  Metut- 
chen,  N.  J.,  who  has  written  much  for 
periodicals  on  social  and  domestic  topics; 
and  the  author  of  Fruits  and  How  to  Use 
Them. 

POOLE,  JAMES  EARL,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1852,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  served  as  mayor  of  Wei 
mar,  Tex.,  for  two  terms;  in  1880  he  was 
prosecuting  attorney  of  his  county;  and 
in  1884-90  was  county  judge  for  three 
terms.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of 
the  Free  Press  of  Haskell,  Tex. 

POOLE,  MURRAY  EDWARD,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  July  17,  1857,  in  Centre 
Moreland,  Pa.  He  attended  the  Wyoming 
seminary,  and  in 
1880  graduated  from 
the  Cornell  univer 
sity  with  the  degree 
of  A.  B.  In  1889  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  and  the  same 
year  was  appointed 
special  county  judge 
by  Governor  David 
B.  Hill.  He  is  the 
author  of  the  His 
tory  of  Edward  Poole 
of  Weymouth,  Mass.; 

and  His  Descendants;  and  has  contribu 
ted  to  several  cyclopedias  and  numerous 
leading  newspapers  and  magazines.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  American  Historical  as 
sociation,  the  American  Bar  association, 
Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution, 
Society  of  Colonial  Wars,  Military  Society 
of  Foreign  Wars,  Society  of  the  War  of 

1812,  and  over  eighty  other  historical  and 
learned  societies  in  the  United  States  and 
foreign  countries. 

POOLE,  SAMUEL,  legislator,  was  born 
in  1790  in  Weymouth,  Mass.  He  was  one 
of  the  original  settlers  of  Abington, 
Mass.,  and  the  first  representative  of  that 
place  to  the  general  court  in  1735,  in 
which  he  served  several  successive  years. 
He  died  in  1785. 

POOLE,  SAMUEL,  JR.,  patriot  of  the 
revolutionary  war,  was  born  Sept.  18, 

1813,  in  Abington,  Mass.     He  was  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  general  court  in  1765, 
and   1778-80,   and   a  member  of  the   first 
state   constitutional    convention    of   1879. 
He  died  April  28,  1796,  in  Plainfield,  Mass. 

POOLE,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  farmer,  was 
born  Aug.  27,  1736,  in  Abington,  Mass. 
He  was  a  soldier  in  the  old  French  and 
Indian  wars,  and  became  a  second-lieu 
tenant  in  the  revolutionary  war,  in  which 
he  served  five  years.  He  died  Dec.  19, 
1830,  at  Easton,  Mass. 


752 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


POOLE,  STEPHEN  D.,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  1852  in  North  Caro 
lina.  In  1882  he  became  state  superin 
tendent  of  public  instruction  of  North 
Carolina;  and  subsequently  was  editor  of 
the  New  Orleans  Daily  Bee.  He  died  in 
1889  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

POOLE,  THEODORE  L.,  soldier,  manu 
facturer,  congressman,  was  born  April  10, 
1840.  in  Elbridge,  N.  Y.  He  enlisted  as 
quartermaster  -  ser- 
.,,;  geant  in  the  one 
hundred  and  twenty- 
second  regiment  New 
York  volunteers  in 
1862.  He  was  dis 
charged  as  captain 
and  brevet  major  in 
1866.  He  was  county 
clerk  of  Onondaga 
county  in  1868-70; 
and  United  States 
pension  agent  for  the 
western  district  of 
New  York  from  1879  to  1888;  commander 
of  the  department  of  New  York,  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  in  1892.  He  has 
been  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  salt 
and  is  interested  in  various  manufacturing 
and  other  corporations;  and  is  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  bank  of  Syracuse.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

POOLE,  WILLIAM  FREDERICK,  bibli 
ographer,  librarian,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
24,  1821,  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  a  bibli 
ographer  of  Chicago,  librarian  of  the  Pub 
lic  library  there  in  1874-87,  and,  from  the 
latter  date,  of  the  Newberry  library.  Chi 
cago.  He  is  best  known  as  compiler  of 
Poole's  Index  to  Periodical  Literature. 
Two  supplementary  volumes  carry  the 
work  forward  to  January,  1892.  Other  works 
of  his  are,  Anti-Slavery  Opinions  before 
1800;  The  Battle  of  the  Dictionaries; 
Websterian  Orthography;  and  Cotton 
Mather  and  Salem  Witchcraft.  He  died  in 
1894. 

POOLE,  WILLARD  HENRY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1864  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  an  educator  of  Fall  River, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Elementary 
Course  in  Experimental  Physics. 

POOLEY,  JAMES  HENRY,  educator, 
journalist,  physician,  surgeon,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  17,  1839,  in  England.  Since 
1883  he  has  held  the  chair  of  surgery  in 
Toledo  Medical  college.  He  has  edited  the 
Ohio  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal  since 
1876,  and  has  been  a  voluminous  contribu 
tor  to  surgical  literature. 

POOR,  CHARLES  HENRY,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  June  11,  1808,  in  Cam 
bridge  Mass.  He  served  with  distinction 
in  the  civil  war,  attaining  the  rank  of 
rear-admiral.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1882,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

POOR,  ENOCH,  soldier,  was  born  June 
21,  1736,  in  Andover,  Mass.  He  served 
through  the  civil  war.  attaining  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general  in  1777.  He  died  Sept. 
8,  1780,  in  Hackensack,  N.  J. 

POOR,  HENRY  VARNUM,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  December, 
1812,  in  Andover,  Maine.  In  1868  he  pub 
lished  a  Manual  of  the  Railroads  of  the 
United  States,  which  has  been  issued  year 
ly.  In  1877  he  published  Money:  its  Laws 
and  History,  a  large  octavo  volume,  as 
also  a  work  entitled  Resumption  and  the 
Silver  Question.  Besides  these  more  im 
portant  works  he  has  been  a  frequent  con 
tributor  to  the  newspapers  and  periodi 
cals  on  a  great  variety  of  topics,  and  is 
now,  it  is  said,  engaged  on  a  History  of 
the  United  States. 

POOR,  JOHN  ALFRED,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1808,  in 


Andover.  Maine.  He  was  the  first  active 
promoter  of  the  present  railroad  system 
of  his  native  state;  originated  the  Euro 
pean  and  North  American  line;  and  wrote 
Vindication  of  the  Claims  of  Sir  Ferdi- 
nando  Gorges  as  the  Founder  of  English 
Colonization  in  America.  He  died  Sept.  5, 
1871,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

POORE,  BENJAMIN  PERLEY,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1820,  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.  He  was  a  once  well- 
known  journalist  of  Washington;  and  the 
author  of  Campaign  Life  of  Zachary  Tay 
lor;  Early  Life  of  Napoleon;  Rise  and 
Fall  of  Louis  Philippe;  Agricultural  His 
tory  of  Essex  County,  Massachusetts;  Life 
of  Burnside;  Political  Register  and  Con 
gressional  Directory,  1776-1878;  and  Per- 
ley's  Reminiscences  of  Sixty  Years.  He 
died  May  30,  1887,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

POORE,  HENRY  RANKIN,  artist,  edu 
cator,  was  born  March  21,  1859,  in  New 
ark,  N.  J.  He  studied  in  Paris,  and  for 
many  years  has  been  instructor  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts;  and 
is  protessor  of  Chautauqua  School  of  Fine 
Arts. 

POPE.  ALBERT  A.,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  May  20,  1843,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  served  as  a  soldier  during  the 
civil  war;  was  pro 
moted  to  lieutenant- 
colonel.  The  Pope 
Manufacturing  com 
pany,  for  which  Col 
onel  Pope  supplied 
the  capital,  and  of 
which  he  has  from 
the  outset  been  pres 
ident  and  active 
manager,  was  organ 
ized  early  in  1877  for 
the  marketing  o  f 
small  patented  arti 
cles.  The  same  year  he  visited  England, 
and  placed  an  order  for  an  importation 
of  English  bicycles.  The  first  bicycles 
were  manufactured  in  the  United  States 
In  1878  by  the  Weed  Sewing  Machine  com 
pany  of  Hartford,  Conn.  They  were  soon 
controlled  and  finally  bought  out  by  Col 
onel  Pope.  He  has  built  up  a  large  busi 
ness,  employing  a  capital  of  over  two  mil 
lions  of  dollars,  utilizing  four  factories  at 
Hartford,  Conn. 

POPE.  BENJAMIN  W.,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1853,  in 
Franklin  county,  111.  He  attended  the 
university  of  Champaign,  Illinois,  and  the 
St.  Louis  and  Chicago  Law  schools.  He 
has  been  superintendent  of  schools  in  Du 
Quoin  and  Tamawa,  111.;  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1878.  During  1890-94 
he  was  county  judge  of  Perry  county;  and 
since  1893  has  been  postmaster  of  Du- 
Quoin,  111. 

POPE,    CADESMAN,    educator;   clergy 
man,  was  born  June  21,  1838,  near  Flat 
Shoals.  G.a.     He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his 
native  city,  finishing 
at   Emory  college  of 
Oxford,  Ga.     In  1858 
he  entered  the  Geor 
gia  conference  of  the 
methodist     episcopal 
church     south,     was 
4^K  I    transferred     to     Ar- 

^^^^Jj  ^^^^  kansas.  where  he 
filled  important  sta 
tions  for  twenty 
years;  four  years  of 
which  he  was  presiding  elder  in  the  Little 
Rock  conference.  In  1879  he  returned  to 
Georgia  and  preached  for  seven  years; 
then  for  twelve  years  was  president  of  the 
Female  college  of  Millersburg,  Ky. 


POPE,  CHARLES  ALEXANDER,  sur 
geon,  was  born  March  15,  1818,  in  Hunts- 
ville,  Ala.  He  became  professor  of  anato 
my,  and  afterward  of  surgery  in  St.  Louis 
university;  aided  in  organizing  St.  Louis 
Medical  college,  and  was  president  of  the 
American  Medical  association  in  1853.  He 
died  July  6,  1870.  in  Paris,  Mo. 

POPE,  FRANKLIN  LEONARD,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1840,  in 
Great  Barrington,  Mass.  He  was  an  elec 
trical  engineer  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Modern  Practice  of  the  Electric 
Telegraph;  and  Life  and  Work  of  Joseph 
Henry. 

POPE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  in  1770 
in  Prince  William  county,  Va.  He  moved 
to  Kentucky;  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  legislature;  and  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1801.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1807  to  1813; 
and  in  1829  was  appointed  governor  of  the 
territory  of  Arkansas.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  1837  to  1843.  He 
died  July  12,  1845,  in  Springfield,  Ky. 

POPE.  JOHN,  soldier,  author,  was  born 
March  16,  1822,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  He  was 
a  prominent  general  in  the  federal  army 
during  the  civil  war. 
In  1882  he  was  made 
a  major-general  in 
the  regular  army; 
assigned  to  the  de 
partment  of  the  Pa 
cific  in  1884;  and  re 
tired  in  1886.  He  was 
the  author  of  a  Me 
moir  of  his  cam 
paigns  entitled  Cam 
paign  in  Virginia; 
|  and  also  published  a 
valuable  work  on  Ex 
plorations  from  the  Red  River  to  the  Rio 
Grande.  He  died  Sept.  23,  1892. 

POPE,  JOHN  HUNTER,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1845,  in  Washing 
ton,  Ga.  From  1874  till  1875  he  was  sec 
retary  of  the  Harrison  county,  Texas, 
Medical  association;  and  in  1879-80  he  was 
president  of  the  Texas  State  Medical  as 
sociation.  He  has  published  a  History  of 
Epidemic  of  Yellow  Fever  at  Marshall. 
Tex.;.  Report  on  Climatology  and  Epi 
demics  of  Texas;  and  Report  on  the  Sci 
ence  and  Progress  of  Medicine. 

POPE,  MRS.  MARION  [MANVILLE], 
poet,  was  born  in  1859  in  Wisconsin.  She 
is  a  poet  whose  home  in  recent  years  has 
been  in  Valparaiso,  Chili;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  Over  the  Divide,  and  Other  Verses. 
POPE,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1784,  in 
Louisville,  Ky.  He  practiced  law  in  St. 
Genevieve,  Mo.;  was  appointed  secretary 
of  the  territory  of  Illinois  in  1809,  and  re 
moved  there;  and  was  elected  delegate  to 
congress  in  1817.  In  1818,  when  Illinois 
was  admitted  as  a  state,  he  was  appointed 
United  States  district  judge,  and  held  that 
office  until  his  death.  He  died  Jan.  23, 
1850,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

POPE,  PATRICK,  H.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1833  to  1835.  He  died  in 
May,  1841,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

POPE,  WILLIAM  COX,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  21,  1841,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  has  been  rector  of  the 
church  of  the  Good  Shepherd  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  from  its  organization  in  1868  to 
the  present  time.  He  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  religious  works. 

POPE,  WINFIELD  SCOTT,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  July  20,  1847,  in  David 
son  county,  N.  C.  He  is  an  eminent  law 
yer  of  Jefferson  City,  Mo.;  has  served  two 
terms  in  the  state  legislature  of  Missouri. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


753 


POPPLETON,  BARLEY  P.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  29,  1834,  in  Richland  county,  Ohio. 
In  1861  he  moved  to  Delaware,  Ohio;  was 
elected  state  senator  in  1870  to  fill  a  va 
cancy;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

PORCHER,  FRANCIS  PEYRE,  physi 
cian,  botanist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  14, 
1825,  in  St.  John's,  Berkeley,  S.  C.  He  was 
a  physician  and  botanist  of  Charleston; 
and  the  author  of  Sketch  of  the  Medical 
Botany  of  South  Carolina;  and  Resources 
of  the  Southern  Fields  and  Forests  He 
died  in  1895. 

PORTER,  ALBERT  G.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  go\ernor,  was  born  April  20, 
1824,  in  Lawrenceburg,  Ind.  He  was  ap 
pointed  reporter  of 
the  decisions  of  the 
supreme  court  of  In- 

diana,     publishing 

five  volumes.  H  e 
£  served  two  terms  as 
city  attorney  of  In 
dianapolis;  and  was 
twice  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  city  coun 
cil.  In  1858  he  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Indiana  to 
the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress.  In  1878  he  was  ap 
pointed  first  comptroller  in  the  treasury 
of  the  United  States;  and  in  1880  was 
elected  governor  of  Indiana  for  four  years 
from  January,  1881. 

PORTER,  ALEXANDER  J.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1786  in  Ireland.  In  1810  he  removed  to  St. 
Martinsville,  La.;  and  was  active  in  fram 
ing  the  state  constitution  in  1811.  He  be 
came  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state  in  1821,  and  served  fifteen  years. 
He  was  United  States  senator  from  1833 
to  1837;  and  was  re-elected  in  1843,  but 
ill-health  prevented  him  from  taking  his 
seat.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1844,  in  Attakapas, 
La. 

PORTER,  ANDREW,  soldier,  was  born 
Sept.  24.  1743,  in  Worcester,  Pa.  In  the 
war  of  1812  he  was  appointed  brigadier- 
general  in  the  regular  army  and  secretary 
of  war,  but  declined  both  positions  on  the 
ground  that  a  younger  man  might  serve 
the  country  more  efficiently.  He  died  Nov. 
16,  1813,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

PORTER,  ANDREW,  soldier,  was  born 
July  10,  1819,  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  served 
with  distinction  in  the  Mexican  and  civil 
wars;  and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1861.  He  died 
Jan.  4,  1872,  in  Paris,  France. 

PORTER,  AUGUSTUS  STEELE,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1798, 
in  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  He  practiced  law 
for  twenty  years  at  Detroit,  Mich.,  of 
which  city  he  was  chosen  mayor  in  1838. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Michi 
gan  from  1840  to  1845.  He  died  Sept.  18, 
1872,  in  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

PORTER,  BENJAMIN  CURTIS,  artist, 
was  born  Aug.  27,  1843,  in  Melrose,  Mass. 
His  works  include  Henry  V.  and  the  Prin 
cess  Kate;  The  Mandolin-Player;  Cu 
pid  with  Butterflies;  The  Hour-Glass; 
Portrait  of  Lady,  with  Dog,  in  the  Cor 
coran  gallery,  Washington;  and  Portrait 
of  Boy  with  Dog. 

PORTER,  BENJAMIN  F.,  soldier,  jurist, 
was  born  Dec.  25,  1843,  near  Mount  Ver- 
non,  Ala.  During  the  war  he  served  in 
company  E,  eleventh  Alabama  regiment; 
served  in  the  Virginia  army,  and  was  cap 
tured  at  Sharpsburg,  Md.  He  was  wound- 
48 


ed  at  Salem  church,  and  again  at  railroad 
below  Petersburg;  and  was  in  the  Ma- 
hone  brigade.  For  six  years  he  was  clerk 
of  the  circuit  court,  and  justice  of  the 
peace;  in  1880  was  elected  judge  of  the 
probate  court,  and  ex-officio  judge  of  the 
county  court  of  Washington  county,  Ala., 
and  he  is  now  serving  his  third  term  of 
six  years. 

PORTER,  BENJAMIN  FICKLING,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1808  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  attained  prominence  as  one 
of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  Alabama;  and 
took  part  in  many  of 
the  leading  cases 
tried  in  that  state 
for  the  past  fifty 
years.  He  has  also 
contributed  valuable 
articles  to  law  jour 
nals,  and  also  to  the 
leading  newspapers 
and  magazines  of  the 
United  States.  He 
is  the  author  of  Ala 
bama  Supreme  Court  Reports;  and  Offices 
of  Executors  and  Administrators. 

PORTER,  CHARLES  A.,  senator,  legis 
lator,  was  born  May  15,  1839,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  In  1872-75  he  was  a  representa 
tive  to  the  Pennsylvania  legislature;  and 
in  1890  was  elected  to  the  senate. 

PORTER,  CHARLES  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  in  Cairo,  N. 
Y.  He  settled  at  Norfolk,  Va.;  was  attor 
ney  for  the  commonwealth  from  1863  un 
til  1870;  and  attorney  for  the  city  one 
year.  He  was  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention  of  Virginia  in  1867  and 
1868;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Virginia  to  the  forty-first  and  forty- 
second  congresses  as  a  republican. 

PORTER,  CHARLES  TALBOT,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  in  1826  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  mechanical  engineer  of 
prominence;  and  the  author  of  Mechanics 
and  Faith,  a  Study  of  the  Spiritual  Truths 
in  Nature. 

PORTER,  CYRUS  KINNE,  architect, 
was  born  Aug.  27,  1828,  in  Cicero,  N.  Y. 
Among  the  notable  buildings  erected  re 
cently  which  show  his  complete  mastery 
of  every  detail  of  his  profession,  may  be 
mentioned  the  Coal  and  Iron  exchange, 
Trinity  church,  St.  Patrick's  church,  and 
the  Builder's  exchange,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

PORTER,  DAVID,  naval  officer,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1780,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  once  noted  commodore  in  the 
United  States  navy;  and  in  1839  became 
United  States  resident  minister  to  Turkey. 
He  was  the  author  of  Journal  of  a  Cruise 
to  the  Pacific  Ocean  in  1812-15;  and  Con 
stantinople  and  its  Environs.  He  died 
March  3,  1843,  in  Turkey. 

PORTER,  DAVID  DIXON,  naval  officer, 
author,  was  born  June  8,  1813,  in  Chester, 
Pa.  He  was  an  admiral  of  the  federal 
army  who  command 
ed  the  fleet  at  the 
storming  of  Fort 
Fisher,  and  amused 
his  latest  years  by 
the  composition  of 
sensational  roman 
ces.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Life  of  Com 
modore  Porter;  Al 
lan  Dare  and  Robert 
le  Diable;  Adven 
tures  of  Harry  Mar 
line;  Arthur  Merton, 
a  romance;  Incidents  and  Anecdotes  of  the 
Civil  War;  and  History  of  the  Navy  in 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  He  died  Feb. 
13,  1891,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


PORTER,  DAVID  RITTENHOUSE, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  governor,  was 
born  Oct.  31,  1788,  in  Norristown,  Pa.  He 
was  a  member  of  each  branch  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  state  legislature.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Pennsylvania  from  1839  to  1845; 
and  his  election  in  1838  in  Philadelphia 
county  gave  rise  to  much  excitement  at 
the  state  capitol,  known  as  the  Buckshot 
War,  growing  out  of  a  charge  of  irregu 
larity  in  the  election.  He  died  Aug.  6, 
1867,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

PORTER,  EBENEZER.  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1772,  in 
Cromwell,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  and  educator,  of  contemporary 
renown  as  a  preacher.  He  was  professor 
of  sacred  rhetoric  at  Andover  Theological 
seminary  in  1812-32,  and  president  of  that 
institution  from  1827  till  his  death.  Among 
his  publications  are  The  Young  Preacher's 
Manual;  A  Rhetorical  Reader,  which 
reached  its  three  hundredth  edition;  Lec 
tures  on  Homiletics;  and  Lectures  on 
Eloquence  and  Style.  He  died  April  8, 
1834,  in  Andover. 

PORTER,  FITZ-JOHN,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  June  13,  1822,  in  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.  He  is  a  brevet  brigadier-general 
dismissed  from  the 
service  in  1863,  rein 
stated  by  act  of  con 
gress  in  1886.  After 
his  retirement  from 
the  army  he  was  ap 
pointed  commission 
er  of  public  works  of 
New  York  city;  and 
was  employed  by  the 
New  Jersey  Central 
Railroad  company  as 
assistant  receiver  for 
several  years.  He  re 
ceived  an  appointment  as  police  commis 
sioner  of  the  city  of  New  York  and  on 
the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  in  that 
department  he  was  appointed  fire  com 
missioner,  from  which  place  he  retired  at 
the  close  of  his  term.  He  then  became  a 
cashier  in  the  New  York  postoffice.  He 
is  the  author  of  Narrative  of  the  Services 
of  the  Fifth  Army  Corps  in  1862  in  North 
ern  Virginia. 

PORTER,  GEORGE  BRYAN,  lawyer, 
governor,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1791,  in  Nor 
ristown,  Pa.  He  was  governor  of  Michi 
gan  territory  from  1831  to  1834.  He  died 
July  18,  1835,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

PORTER,  GEORGE  LORING,  soldier, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  April  29, 
1838,  in  Concord,  N.  H.  He  attended  the 
New  London  academy,  and  the  Brown  uni 
versity  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  in  1859  with  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  During  the  war  he  was 
captain  and  brevet  major  in  the  United 
States  army.  In  1862  he  was  assigned  to 
duty  at  the  General  hospital  at  Strasburg, 
placed  in  charge  of  the  hospital  and  took 
care  of  the  confederate  wounded  also.  He 
has  attained  success  in  his  profession  at 
Bridgeport,  Conn.;  has  been  president  of 
the  Connecticut  Medical  society,  and  vice- 
president  of  several  medical  bodies.  He 
has  contributed  valuable  papers  for  medi 
cal  literature,  and  was  instrumental  in 
the  passage  of  the  coroner's  law  of  Con 
necticut  in  1882. 

PORTER,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  was 
born  about  1806.  He  was  a  lieutenant  in 
the  thirty-eighth  United  States  infantry 
in  1814-15;  and  made  many  valuable  inven 
tions,  including  the  Porter  rifle.  He  died 
Nov.  7,  1856,  in  Memphis,  Tenn. 

PORTER,  GILCHRIST,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Missouri  from 
1851  to  1857. 


754 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PORTER,  HENRY  H.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1838,  in  Holmes 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1870;  and  in  1880-81  was  a  member 
of  the  house  of  representatives  of  the 
sixty-fourth  general  assembly  of  Ohio. 

PORTER,  HENRY  OGDEN,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  in  1823  in  Washington,  D. 
C  He  served  in  one  of  Walker's  expedi 
tions  to  Central  America,  where  he  fought 
bravely,  and  was  wounded  several  times. 
Afterward  he  was  appointed  lieutenant  in 
the  United  States  revenue  marine,  and 
during  the  civil  war  was  made  acting  mas 
ter  in  the  navy  April  24,  1862,  serving  as 
executive  officer  on  the  Hatteras  when 
that  vessel  was  sunk  by  the  confederate 
steamer  Alabama.  He  died  in  1872  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

PORTER,  HORACE,  soldier,  was  born 
April  15,  1837,  in  Huntington,  Pa.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war;  and  for 
meritorious  services  received  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  He  was  the  first  presi 
dent  of  the  New  York  West  Shore  and 
Buffalo  railroad. 

PORTER,  J.  DE  FOREST,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  settled 
in  Nebraska;  and  in  1872  was  appointed 
an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
for  the  territory  of  Arizona,  residing  in 
Arizona  City. 

PORTER,  JAMES,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Williams- 
town,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  assembly  in  1814  and  1815;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1817  to  1819.  After  leaving 
congress  he  was  appointed  register  of  the 
court  of  chancery,  which  office  he  held  un 
til  his  death,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

PORTER,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1800  in  Maine.  He  was  a 
prominent  methodist  clergyman  of  Bos 
ton;  and  the  author  of  History  of  Metho 
dism;  The  Winning  Worker;  Hints  to 
Self-Educated  Ministers;  and  Compendi 
um  of  Methodism.  He  died  April  16,  1888, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

PORTER,  JAMES  DAVIS,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  governor,  was 
born  Dec.  7,  1828,  in  Paris,  Tenn.  In  1859 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
Tennessee  legislature.  He  served  in  the 
confederate  army  throughout  the  civil  war 
as  chief  of  staff  on  the  staff  of  General 
Cheatham.  In  1870  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  constitutional  convention 
of  Tennessee;  and  in  the  summer  of  the 
same  year  was  elected  circuit  judge  for 
the  twelfth  judicial  circuit  of  Tennessee. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  governor  of  Ten 
nessee,  serving  until  1879.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Nashville,  Chat 
tanooga  and  St.  Louis  Railroad  company, 
and  was  four  times  re-elected.  In  1885  he 
was  appointed  assistant  secretary  of  state. 

PORTER,  JAMES  MADISON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1793,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  Lafayette  college  at  Easton,  Pa.,  and 
for  twenty-five  years  president  of  its 
board  of  trustees.  He  was  president  judge 
of  the  twelfth  and  twenty-second  judicial 
districts  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died  Nov. 
11,  1862,  in  Easton,  Pa. 

PORTER,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1806  to  1811,  having  first 
been  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

PORTER,  JOHN  ADDISON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  15,  1822,  in  Cats- 
ville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  professor  of  chem 
istry  at  Yale  college  in  1852-64;  and  the 
author  of  Principles  of  Chemistry;  and 
First  Book  of  Chemistry.  He  died  Aug. 
25,  1866,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 


PORTER,  JOHN  ADDISON,  journalist, 
public  official,  author,  was  born  April  17, 
1856,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  is  the  edi 
tor  and  proprietor  of  the  Hartford  Post. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Connecticut  house 
of  representatives  in  1892;  and  was  pre 
sented  as  a  candidate  for  governor  in  the 
republican  state  conventions  of  Connecti 
cut  in  1894  and  1896.  He  was  appointed 
secretary  to  President  McKinley  Feb.  5, 
1897.  He  is  the  author  of  Administration 
of  the  City  of  Washington;  and  Sketches 
of  Yale  Life. 

PORTER,  LINN  BOYD,  author.  He  is 
a  novelist  of  Cambridge  whose  writings 
have  been  extremely  popular,  although  se 
verely  criticised  from  a  literary  point  of 
view  as  well  as  from  an  ethical  stand 
point.  Among  them  are  Thou  Shalt  Not; 
Speaking  of  Ellen;  A  Black  Adonis;  and 
Out  of  Wedlock. 

PORTER,  MRS.  LYDIA  ANN  [EMER 
SON],  educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  14, 
1816,  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  She  is  an 
educator  of  Springfield,  Vt.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Uncle  Jerry's  Letters  to  Young 
Mothers;  and  The  Lost  Will. 

PORTER,  MOSES,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1755  in  Danvers,  Mass.  He  entered  the 
revolutionary  army  as  a  lieutenant  in 
1775;  and  served  at  Bunker  Hill  and 
through  the  war.  He  was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general  in  1813,  and  became  colonel 
of  the  first  artillery  in  1821.  He  died 
April  14,  1822,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

PORTER,  NOAH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  December,  1781,  in  Farming- 
ton,  Conn.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
congregational  church  in  his  native  town, 
which  charge  he  held  until  his  death.  He 
published  occasional  sermons  in  the  Na 
tional  Preacher,  a  Half-Century  Discourse 
in  the  fiftieth  year  of  his  ministry,  and 
contributed  to  the  Christian  Spectator.  He 
died  Sept.  24,  1866,  in  Farmington,  Conn. 

PORTER,  NOAH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  .14,  1811,  in  Farmington, 
Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  clergyman 
of  Connecticut,  president  of  Yale  college 
in  1871-85,  and  a  metaphysician  of  dis 
tinction.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Hu 
man  Intellect;  Books  and  Reading;  Ele 
ments  of  Intellectual  Science;  Elements 
of  Moral  Science;  The  American  Colleges 
and  the  American  Public;  Science  and 
Sentiment;  Bishop  Berkeley;  Fifteen 
Years  in  Yale  College  Chapel,  a  volume 
of  sermons;  and  The  Science  of  Nature 
and  the  Science  of  Man.  He  died  March 
4,  1892,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

PORTER,  PETER  AUGUSTUS,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  1827  in  Black 
Rock,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  legislature  in  1862;  and  in  that 
year  he  raised  a  regiment,  afterward  con 
solidated  with  the  eighth  New  York  artil 
lery,  and  was  placed  in  command,  and 
served  on  garrison  duty.  He  was  killed 
June  3,  1864,  in  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor, 
Va. 

PORTER,  PETER  BUEL,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1773, 
in  Salisbury,  Conn.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1809  to  1813,  and  from  1815  to  1816,  when 
he  resigned.  In  1813  he  was  made  major- 
general,  and  chief  in  command  of  the  state 
troops.  Soon  after  the  war  'he  was  chosen 
secretary  of  the  state  of  New  York;  and 
in  1816  was  appointed  commissioner  under 
the  treaty  of  Ghent.  In  1828  he  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  war.  He  died  March 
20,  1844,  in  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

PORTER,  ROSE,  author,  was  born  in 
1845  in  New  York.  She  is  an  author  of 
New  Haven  who  has  written  and  compiled 


a  large  number  of  religious  books.  Among 
her  original  works  are  Summer  Driftwood 
for  the  Winter  Fire;  A  Modern  St.  Chris 
topher;  Our  Saints,  a  Family  Story;  and 
My  Son's  Wife. 

PORTER,  RUFUS,  journalist,  inventor, 
was  born  May  1,  1792,  in  West  Boxford, 
Mass.  In  1840  he  became  editor  of  the 
New  York  Mechanic,  which  prospered, 
and  in  the  following  year  he  moved  it  to 
Boston,  where  he  called  it  the  American 
Mechanic.  The  new  art  of  electrotyping 
there  attracted  his  attention,  and  he  gave 
up  editorial  work  in  order  to  occupy  him 
self  with  the  new  invention.  He  died  Aug. 
13,  1884,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

PORTER,  SAMUEL,  journalist,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1810,  in  Far 
mington,  Conn.  He  has  made  a  special 
study  of  phonetics,  was  editor  of  the 
American  Annals  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
from  1854  till  1860;  and  has  published 
The  Vowel  Elements  in  Speech,  a  Phono 
logical  and  Philological  Essay. 

PORTER,  THOMAS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  May,  1734.  in  Far 
mington,  Conn.  For  ten  years  he  was 
judge  of  the  supreme  and  county  courts  of 
Vermont.  He  died  in  August,  1833,  in 
Granville,  N.  Y. 

PORTER,  THOMAS  CONRAD,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  22, 
1822,  in  Alexandria,  Pa.  He  is  a  German 
reformed  clergyman  famous  as  a  botanist, 
and  professor  of  botany  at  Lafayette  col 
lege,  Easton,  Pa.,  from  1866.  He  is  the 
author  of  Sketch  of  the  Flora  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  Sketch  of  the  Botany  of  the  United 
States;  Synopsis  of  the  Flora  of  Colo 
rado  (with  J.  M.  Coulter) ;  The  Carices  of 
Pennsylvania;  and  The  Grasses  of  Penn 
sylvania. 

PORTER,  THOMAS  F.,  business  man, 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1847, 
in  Nova  Scotia.  He  received  a  thorough 
education,  and  for 
many  years  was  en 
gaged  in  journalistic 
work.  He  wrote  a 
column  weekly  for 
the  Danbury  News  in 
palmiest  days;  and 
is  a  contributor  of 
both  prose  and  verse 
to  Judge,  the  Boston 
Journal,  Yankee 
Blade,  the  Waverly 
Magazine,  and  the 
periodical  press  gen 
erally.  He  has  written  a  number  of  po 
ems  of  merit,  some  of  which  have  been 
given  a  place  in  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works.  He  is  engaged 
principally  in  real  estate  and  insurance 
at  Lynn,  Mass.,  where  he  takes  a  promi 
nent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city, 
county  and  state. 

PORTER,  THOMAS  P.,  lawyer,  was 
born  July  7,  1821,  in  Richmond,  Ky.  In 
1859  he  was  unanimously  elected  perma 
nent  speaker  of  the  senate. 

PORTER,  TIMOTHY  H.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  served  five  years  in  the  as 
sembly  of  New  York;  and  also  served  five 
years  in  the  state  senate.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1825  to  1827. 

PORTER,  WARREN  HART,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  4,  1837,  in  Cattaraugus,  N. 
Y.  He  received  his  education  in  the  pub 
lic  and  private  schools,  and  at  the  univer 
sity  of  Wisconsin.  He  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Jefferson,  Wis. ;  has  for  many 
years  been  city  attorney;  and  has  held 
numerous  other  public  positions  of  trust. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


755 


PORTER,  WILBUR  F.,  lawyer,  public 
official,  was  born  June  22,  1831,  in  Schuy- 
ler,  N.  Y.  He  Is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Watertown,  N.  Y.;  has  been  mayor  of  his 
city  for  five  terms;  and  is  now  a  mem 
ber  of  the  court  of  claims  of  the  state  of 
New  York. 

PORTER,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  May  24,  1821, 
in  Huntingdon  county,  Pa.  He  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  Philadelphia  in  1842; 
was  sheriff  of  that  city  in  1843;  and  was 
city  solicitor  in  1856.  He  was  judge  of  the 
superior  court  in  1858.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Essay  on  Law,  and  Sheriffs;  Life 
of  Chief  Justice  John  Gibson;  and  Ad 
dresses.  He  died  June  28,  1886,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

PORTER,  WILLIAM  DAVID,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1848,  in  Free 
man's  Landing,  W.  Va.  In  1870  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  practiced  law 
until  he  was  elevated  to  the  bench  in 
1891.  He  has  served  faithfully  as  a  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of  the  fifth 
judicial  district  of  Pennsylvania. 

PORTER,  WILLIAM  F.,  farmer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  June  1,  1861,  in  Cham 
paign,  111.  In  1879  he  moved  to  Nebras 
ka;  and  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  in  the  twenty-second  and  twenty- 
third  sessions  of  the  Nebraska  state  leg 
islature.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  of 
Clarks,  Neb.;  and  is  now  serving  as  sec 
retary  of  the  state  of  Nebraska. 

PORTER,  WILLIAM  H.,  farmer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  May  8,  1856,  in  Hatfield, 
Mass.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  of  Aga- 
wam,  Mass.;  prominent  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  state;  and  secretary  of  the 
Hampden  Agricultural  society.  In  1897  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Massachu 
setts  state  legislature. 

PORTER,  WILLIAM  TROTTER,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1809,  in  New- 
bury,  Vt.  In  1829  he  became  connected 
with  the  Farmer's  Herald  at  St.  Johns- 
bury,  Vt.,  and  the  following  year  he  be 
came  associate  editor  of  The  Enquirer  at 
Norwich.  His  cherished  project  was  put 
into  effect  in  1831,  when  he  issued  the 
initial  number  of  the  Spirit  of  the  Times, 
the  first  sporting  journal  in  the  United 
States.  He  died  July  20,  1858,  in  New 
York  city. 

PORTER,  WILLIAM  WOOD,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1826,  in 
Orange  county,  Va.  He  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  of  San  Joaquin  county,  Cal. 
In  1855  he  became  county  judge  of  Cala- 
veras  county  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  in 
1856  was  elected  to  the  same  office  for  a 
full  term  of  four  years.  At  the  breaking 
out  of  the  civil  war  in  1861  he  returned 
to  Virginia  and  entered  the  confederate 
army  as  aid  to  Gen.  George  B.  Critten- 
tlen.  In  1872  he  returned  to  California 
and  settled  at  Santa  Rosa  in  the  practice 
of  law;  and  in  1885  was  appointed  an  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  territory  of  Arizona. 

PORTERFIELD,  CHARLES,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1750  in  Frederick  county,  Va. 
He  was  first  sergeant  of  Capt.  Daniel  Mor 
gan's  company  in  the  revolutionary  war, 
and  was  captured  in  the  assault  on  Que 
bec,  Dec.  31,  1775.  After'  being  ex 
changed  he  served  as  captain  until  1777, 
then  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel 
of  a  Virginia  regiment,  and  was  mortally 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  Camden,  S.  C., 
Aug.  16,  1780,  and  died  in  the  following 
October  on  the  banks  of  the  Santee  river. 


PORTERFIELD,  GEORGE  A.,  soldier, 
banker,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1822,  in  Berke 
ley  county,  Va.,  now  West  Virginia.  In 
1844  he  graduated 
from  the  Virginia 
Military  institute  of 
Lexington.  In  1846 
he  helped  to  raise  a 
company  of  volun 
teers  for  service  in 
the  war  with  Mexico. 
July  10,  1847,  he  was 
appointed  adjutant  of 
the  Virginia  reg 
iment  at  Buena  Vis 
ta;  and  on  Oct.  27  of 
the  same  year  was 
promoted  to  acting-assistant  adjutant- 
general  to  the  division  stationed  at  and 
near  Buena  Vista;  which  position  he  held 
until  the  end  of  the  war.  He  declined  a 
place  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Wood.  In  1861 
he  was  appointed  colonel  of  volunteers  in 
the  confederate  service,  and  was  ordered 
to  raise  a  command  in  northwestern  Vir 
ginia.  He  collected  a  force  of  about  eight 
hundred  men;  was  subsequently  relieved 
of  command;  and  later  served  on  the  staff 
of  Gen.  W.  W.  Loring;  was  in  command 
of  a  brigade  under  Gen.  Edward  John 
son,  but  retired  from  the  service  in  May, 
1862.  He  is  a  prominent  banker  of  Char- 
lestown,  W.  Va. 

PORTERFIELD,  ROBERT,  soldier,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1752,  in  Frederick 
county,  Va.  He  was  appointed  a  lieuten 
ant  in  the  continental  army  in  1776;  was 
promoted  to  a  captaincy,  and  served  in  Col. 
Daniel  Morgan's  regiment  until  1779,  when 
he  was  appointed  aid  to  Gen.  William 
Woodford;  and  in  1780  was  surrendered 
with  him  a  prisoner  of  war  in  the  siege 
of  Charleston.  In  the  war  of  1812  he 
was  a  brigadier-general  of  militia;  and 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  of  the  federal 
party  for  congress  in  1889.  He  was  a  jus 
tice  of  Augusta  county,  Va.,  for  more  than 
fifty  years;  was  twice  high  sheriff,  and 
died  in  that  county  Feb.  13,  1843. 

PORTIER,  MICHEL,  bishop,  was 
born  Sept.  7,  1795,  in  France.  In  1826  he 
was  consecrated  Roman  catholic  bishop  of 
Olena,  at  St.  Augustine,  Fla.  He  died 
May  14,  1859,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 

PORY,  JOHN,  pioneer,  was  born  about 
1570  in  England.  During  1619-21  he  was 
secretary  of  the  Virginia  colony,  and  he 
was  elected  speaker  of  the  first  repre 
sentative  assembly  that  was  ever  held  in 
this  country,  which  convened  in  James 
town  in  1619.  He  died  before  1635  in  Vir 
ginia. 

POSEY,  CARNOT,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  5,  1818,  in  Wilkinson  county,  Miss. 
He  became  colonel  of  the  sixteenth  Mis 
sissippi  regiment  in  1861,  and  was  ap 
pointed  brigadier-general  in  the  confeder 
ate  army  in  1862.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1863, 
in  Charlottesville,  Va. 

POSEY,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  public  offi 
cial,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1847,  in  Peters 
burg,  Ind.  He  attended  the  Georgetown 
academy,  and  the  Baylor  university.  He 
is  a  successful  lawyer  and  land  agent  of 
Austin,  Texas;  has  been  county  treasurer; 
justice  of  the  peace;  county  commission 
er  of  Nolan  county;  and  has  held  various 
other  public  positions  of  trust. 

POSEY,  THOMAS,  soldier.  United 
States  senator,  was  born  July  9,  1750,  in 
Virginia.  From  1786  to  1793  he  was  coun 
ty  lieutenant  of  Spottsylvania.  Va.,  and 
was  appointed  brigadier-general.  He  was 
a  state  senator;  and  was  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Virginia  for  four  years.  He  was 


major-general  of  Kentucky  levees  in  1809. 
He  was  United  States  senator  from  Louis 
iana  in  1812,  by  appointment  of  the  gov 
ernor.  He  was  governor  of  Indian  terri 
tory  from  1813  to  1816;  and  was  agent  of 
Indian  affairs  in  1816,  which  position  he 
held  until  his  death.  He  died  March  19, 
1818,  in  Shawneetown,  111. 

POSSE.  NILS,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1862  in  Sweden.  He  was  a  Boston 
instructor  in  gymnastics;  and  the  author 
of  Special  Kinesiology  of  Educational 
Gymnastics;  Medical  Gymnastics;  and 
Scientific  Aspect  of  Swedish  Gymnastics. 
He  died  in  1895. 

POST,  GEORGE  A.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1854,  in  Cuba,  N. 
Y.  He  entered  the  service  of  the  Erie 
Railway  company;  and  was  for  several 
years  secretary  of  the  motive  power  de 
partment.  He  was  elected  chief  burgess 
of  Susquehanna  in  1877.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

POST,  ISAAC,  philanthropist,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  26,  1798,  in  Westbury,  N. 
Y.  He  resided  in  Rochester  when  public 
attention  was  first  attracted  to  the  mani 
festations  by  the  Fox  sisters,  and  became 
one  of  the  earliest  converts  to  spiritual 
ism.  He  was  the  author  of  Voices  from 
the  Spirit  World,  being  Communications 
from  Many  Spirits,  by  the  Hand  of  Isaac 
Post,  Medium.  He  died  May  9,  1872,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 

POST.  JOTHAM,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly  for  four  years  from  the 
city  of  New  York;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  his  native  state 
from  1813  to  1815. 

POST,  MINTURN,  physician,  was  born 
June  28,  1808,  in  New  York  city.  In  1843  he 
was  called  to  be  medical  examiner  of  the 
New  York  Life  Insurance  company.  He 
translated  and  added  notes  to  Racibor- 
ski's  Auscultation  and  Percussion.  He  died 
April  26,  1869,  in  New  York  city. 

POST,  MORTON  E.,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  25.  1840.  in  Monroe  county,  N. 
Y.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  ter 
ritorial  council  in  1878;  and  was  elected 
the  delegate  from  Wyoming  to  the  forty- 
seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

POST,  PHILIP  SIDNEY,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  19,  1833,  in 
Florida,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the  union  army 
in  1861  as  second 
lieutenant  fifty-ninth 
Illinois  infantry,  and 
was  promoted  briga 
dier-genera]  by  bre 
vet.  He  was  ap 
pointed  consul  to  Vi 
enna  in  1866;  was 
promoted  consul- 
general  for  Austria- 
Hungary  in  1874; 
and  was  a  member  at 

large  of  the  Illinois 

republican  state  cen 
tral  committee  from  1882  to  1886.  He  was 
commander  department  of  Illinois  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  in  1886.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-sec 
ond,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses.  He  died  Jan.  6.  1895,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.,  before  taking  his  seat  in  the 
fifty-fourth  congress. 

POST,  TRUMAN  MARCELLUS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  3,  1810,  in 
Middlebury,  Vt.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  and  editor  of  St.  Louis,  pro 
fessor  of  history  in  Washington  univer 
sity;  and  the  author  of  The  Skeptical 
Era  in  Modern  History.  He  died  Dec.  31, 
1886,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


756 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


POST,  .WALDRON  KINTZING,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1868  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Harvard  Stories. 

POSTON,  CHARLES  D.,  pioneer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  20,  1825,  in 
Hardin  county,  Ky.  In  1854  he  went  to 
Arizona  as  the  pioneer  of  silver  mining 
enterprises  in  that  territory;  and  on  the 
organization  of  a  territorial  government 
for  Arizona  was  appointed  superintendent 
of  Indian  affairs  for  the  territory-  At  the 
first  election  held  he  was  elected  the  dele 
gate  from  Arizona  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress,  taking  his  seat  at  the  second 
session. 

POTTER,  ALLEN,  merchant,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  2, 
1818,  in  Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.  He  served 
one  term  in  the  Michigan  legislature.  He 
subsequently  turned  his  attention  to  bank 
ing,  and  became  president  of  the  Na 
tional  bank  of  Kalamazoo.  He  was  elect 
ed  president  of  the  village  in  1859,  1863, 
1870  and  1872;  president  of  the  local  board 
of  education  in  1870  and  1871;  and  was 
president  of  the  Kalamazoo  and  South 
Haven  Railroad  company.  He  was  de 
feated  for  congress  in  1872;  and  in  1874 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Michi 
gan  to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

POTTER,  ALONZO,  protestant  episco 
pal  bishop,  author,  was  born  July  6,  1800, 
in  La  Orange,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  third 
protestant  episcopal  bishop  of  Pennsyl 
vania  and  an  active  promoter  of  educa 
tional  movements.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Principles  of  Science  Applied  to  Do 
mestic  and  Mechanic  Arts;  Religious 
Philosophy;  Political  Economy;  and  co 
author  with  G.  B.  Emerson  of  The  School 
and  the  Schoolmaster.  He  died  July  4, 
1865,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

POTTER,  BUTLER  WILLIS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
18,  1843,  in  Colesville,  N.  Y.  In  1868  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  soon  after 
opened  an  office  in  Worcester,  Mass.  For 
three  terms  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  legislature;  and  was  ap 
pointed  ballot  law  commissioner  of  state 
of  Massachusetts.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Read  and  Roadside,  a  legal  treatise. 

POTTER,  CHARLES  NELSON,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1852,  in  Coop- 
erstown,  N.  Y.  For  four  years  he  was 
attorney  general  of  Wyoming.  In  1889  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  constitution 
al  convention  at  Wyoming;  and  in  1894 
was  elected  judge  of  the  supreme  court  for 
a  term  of  eight  years. 

POTTER,  CLARKSON  NOTT,  survey 
or,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April 
25,  1825,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  surveyor  in  Wisconsin;  studied  law  in 
that  state,  and  after  coming  to  the  bar 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  New  York  city  in  1847.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-first  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  two  succeeding  congresses; 
and  was  also  elected  to  the  forty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat.  He  died  Jan.  23,  1882, 
in  New  York  city. 

POTTER,  EDWARD  EELLS,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  May  9,  1833,  in  Medina,  N. 
Y.  He  was  made  commandant  of  the 
navy  yard  at  League  Island,  Pa.,  in  De 
cember,  1886,  and  now  fills  that  place. 

POTTER,  ELIPHALET  NOTT,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  college  president, 
was  born  Sept.  20,  1836,  in  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.;  and  is  a  son  of  Bishop  Alonzo  Pot 
ter.  In  1871  he  was  elected  president  of 
Union  college;  and  in  1884  accepted  the 
presidency  of  Hobart  college,  which  he 
resigned  in  1896.  He  is  the  author  of 
Parochial  Sermons;  and  Christian  Evi 
dences. 


POTTER,  ELISHA  REYNOLDS,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  5,  1764,  in  South  Kingston,  R. 
I.  In  1796  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Rhode  Island  to 
fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifth  congress.  He  was  again  a  represen 
tative  from  1809  to  1815;  and  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  in  1793,  and  by 
semi-annual  elections  under  the  old  char 
ter  system  continued  to  serve  until  his 
death,  excepting  when  in  congress,  and 
was  five  times  elected  speaker.  He  died 
Sept.  26,  1835,  in  Kingston,  R.  I. 

POTTER,  ELISHA  REYNOLDS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
author,  was  born  June  20,  1811,  in  South 
Kingston,  R.  I.  He  was  for  several  years 
a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  state  leg 
islature;  and  was  adjutant-general  of  the 
state  in  1835  and  1836.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Rhode  Is 
land  from  1843  to  1845;  and  was  state 
commissioner  of  public  schools  from  1849 
to  1854.  He  was  subsequently  chosen  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state. 
and  became  chief  justice.  As  an  author  he 
published  Early  History  of  Narragansett; 
Paper  Money  in  Rhode  Island;  and  valu 
able  contributions  on  Suffrage  and  Public 
Schools.  He  died  April  10,  1882,  in  South 
Kingston,  R.  I. 

POTTER,  EMERY  D.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1843  to  1845,  and  again  from 
1849  to  1851.  He  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  United  States  "judge  for  the  ter 
ritory  of  Utah. 

POTTER.  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1765  in  Granville  county,  N.  C.  In 
1801  he  was  appointed  United  States  judge 
of  the  fifth  circuit;  and  in  1802  was  made 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
for  the  state  of  North  Carolina,  which  po 
sition  he  held  until  his  death.  He  died 
Dec.  20,  1857,  in  Fayetteville,  N.  Y. 

POTTER,  HENRY  CODMAN,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  May  25,  1835,  in  Schenec 
tady,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  sixth  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of  New  York,  and  prom 
inent  among  broad  church  thinkers.  He 
is  the  author  of  Sermons  of  the  City;  The 
Gates  of  the  East;  A  Winter  in  Egypt  and 
Syria;  Sisterhoods  and  Deaconesses;  and 
Waymarks. 

POTTER,  HORATIO,  educator,  bishop, 
was  born  Feb.  9,  1802,  in  Beekman.  N.  Y. 
In  1833  he  became  rector  of  St.  Peter's 
church,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  held  that  post 
till  1854,  when  he  was  consecrated  pro 
visional  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  New 
York.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1887,  in  New  York. 

POTTER,  JOHN  FOX,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
May  11,  1817,  in  Augusta,  Maine.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  legislature  of  Wis 
consin  in  1856;  and  was  a  judge  of  Wai- 
worth  county  from  1842  to  1846.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Wisconsin 
to  the  thirty-fifth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  and  thirty-sev 
enth  congresses.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
peace  congress  of  1861;  and  was  appointed 
consul-general  to  British  North  America 
at  Montreal. 

POTTER,  LUDLOW  DAY,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1823, 
in  New  Providence,  N.  J.  This  eminent 
clergyman  of  the  presbyterian  church  was 
for  ten  years  professor  in  Glendale  Female 
college,  Ohio;  and  since  1865  has  been 
its  president. 

POTTER,  ORLANDO  BRONSON,  law 
yer,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
March  10,  1823,  in  Charlemont,  Mass.  He 
matured  and  laid  before  Secretary  Chase 
of  the  United  States  treasury,  and  Presi 


dent  Lincoln,  a  plan  for  a  national  bank 
ing  system;  this  plan  was  adopted,  with  a 
few  slight  modifications,  and  was  the 
basis  of  the  present  national  banking  sys 
tem  of  the  country.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  as  a  union  democrat.  He 
died  Jan.  2,  1894. 

POTTER,  PLATT,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  6,  1800,  in  Galway, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Schenectady, 
and  the  author  of  Potter's  Dwarris;  Trea 
tise  on  Corporations;  and  Equity  Juris 
prudence.  He  died  in  1891. 

POTTER,  PLEASANT  J.,  banker,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  March  29,  1820,  in 
Warren  county,  Ky.  He  has  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  legislature.  He  is 
president  of  the  old  banking  house  of  P. 
J.  Potter  and  Company.  He  has  been  a 
liberal  contributor  to  churches  and 
schools;  and  Potter  college  for  young  la 
dies  was  named  in  his  honor. 

POTTER.  ROBERT,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1826;  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1829  to  1831;  and  was  a 
second  time  in  the  legislature.  He  was 
killed  in  Texas. 

POTTER,  ROBERT  B.,  soldier,  was 
born  July  16.  1829,  in  Schenectady,  N. 
Y.  He  served  through  the  civil  war,  at 
taining  the  rank  of  brigadier  and  major- 
general  of  volunteers.  He  died  Feb.  18. 
1887,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

POTTER,  SAMUEL  JOHN,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  June  29,  1739,  in  Kingston. 
R.  I.  He  was  at  one  time  deputy  govern 
or;  and  in  1792  and  1796  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Rhode  Island  during  the  years  1803 
and  1804.  He  died  Sept.  6,  1808,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

POTTER,  THOMAS  J.,  railroad  man 
ager,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1840,  in  Bur 
lington,  Iowa.  In  1866  he  was  appointed 
agent  of  the  same  corporation  at  Bur 
lington,  Iowa.  In  1873  the  Chicago,  Bur 
lington  and  Quincy  company  secured  his 
services.  He  was  first  agent,  then  as 
sistant  superintendent,  afterward  general 
manager,  and  finally  general  manager  and 
vice-president.  He  was  chosen  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  St.  Louis  and  Keokuk.  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  and  Kansas  City,  of 
the  Chicago  and  Iowa,  of  the  Hannibal 
and  St.  Joseph,  and  of  the  Burlington 
and  Missouri  River  roads,  respectively. 
He  died  March  9,  1888,  in  Washington. 
D.  C. 

POTTER,  WILLIAM  BLEECKER,  min 
ing  engineer,  was  born  March  23,  1846, 
in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  In  1871  he  was 
called  to  the  chair  of  mining  and  metall 
urgy  at  Washington  university,  St.  Louis. 
Mo.  In  1888  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engin 
eers. 

POTTER,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1830  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman 
of  New  Bedford  for  many  years,  promi 
nent  as  a  radical  thinker;  and  the  author 
of  Twenty-Five  Sermons  of  Twenty-Five 
Years;  and  Lectures  and  Sermons.  He 
died  in  1894. 

POTTER,  WILLIAM  W.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1837  to  1839.  He  died 
Oct.  28,  1839,  in  Bellefonte,  Pa. 

POTTIER,  AUGUSTE,  decorator,  was 
born  in  1823,  in  France.  He  has  a  large 
business  in  New  York  under  the  firm 
name  of  Pettier  and  Stymus,  decorators 
and  designers,  which  has  proved  to  be  a 
success. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


757 


POTTLE,  ABEL  WARREN,  clergyman, 
was  born  Sept.  23,  1834,  in  Salem,  Maine. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Farm- 
ington  academy,  the  Maine  Wesleyan  sem 
inary,  and  the  Boston  Theological  school. 
He  has  attained  eminence  as  a  successful 
methodist  episcopal  clergyman,  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in  Bethel,  Oxford,  West- 
brook,  Portland,  Kittery,  Waterville,  Saco, 
Bath  and  Bowdoinham. 

POTTLE,  EMORY  B.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman.  He  served  one  term 
in  the  legislature  of  New  York.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  thirty-fifth  congress;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

POTTS,  BENJAMIN  F.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  the  territory  of  Mon 
tana  from  1870  to  1883. 

POTTS,  DAVID,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1793  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1831  to  1839.  He  died  in  1863. 

POTTS,  JAMES  HENRY,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  June  12,  1848, 
in  Canada.  He  is  a  methodist  clergyman; 
and  editor  of  The  Michigan  Christian  Ad 
vocate  from  1877.  He  is  the  author  of 
Methodism  in  the  Field;  Golden  Dawn; 
Spiritual  Life;  Our  Thorns  and  Crowns; 
and  Faith  Made  Easy. 

POTTS,  RICHARD,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  July, 
1753,  in  Upper  Marlborough,  Md.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress  in 
1781  and  1782;  and  was  governor  of  Mary 
land  during  the  same  years.  He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1792  to  1796.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1808,  in 
Frederick  county,  Md. 

POTTS,  STACEY  GARDNER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1799,  in 
Harrisburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Tren 
ton,  N.  J. ;  and  the  author  of  Village 
Tales;  and  Precedents  and  Notes  of  Prac 
tice  in  the  New  Jersey  Chancery  Court. 
He  died  April  9,  1865,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

POTTS,  WILLIAM  STEPHENS,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  13,  1802,  in  Northumberland 
county,  Pa.  He  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in 
1S28-35,  president  of  Marion  college  for 
the  subsequent  four  years;  founded  the 
Second  Presbyterian  church  of  St.  Louis 
in  1838,  and  was  its  pastor  till  his  death. 
He  published  several  sermons.  He  died 
March  27,  1852,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

POUJADE,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1852,  in  Marion  coun 
ty,  Ore.  In  1873  he  settled  in  Nevada 
and  served  as  state  senator  during  1885- 
87;  assemblyman  in  1889;  and  lieutenant- 
governor  in  1891-94.  During  those  four 
years  he  was  also  adjutant-general,  state 
librarian  and  president  of  the  senate. 

POULSON,  ZACHARIAH,  journalist, 
was  born  Sept.  5,  1761,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  For  many  years  he  was  printer  to 
the  senate  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1800  he 
began  the  publication  of  the  American 
Daily  Advertiser,  the  first  daily  in  the 
United  States;  and  he  continued  as  its 
editor  and  proprietor  till  its  discontinu 
ance  in  1839.  He  issued  Poulson's  Town 
and  Country  Almanac  and  other  works. 
He  died  July  31,  1844,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

POUND,  CUTHBERT  W.,  lawyer,  edu 
cator,  was  born  June  20,  1864,  in  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.  In  1886  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  was  city  attorney  of  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  during  1888-90.  In  1893  he 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate.  In  1895 
he  accepted  the  law  professorship  at  Cor 
nell  university. 

POUND,  ROSCOE,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  27,  1870,  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 


Since  1892  he  has  been  director  of  the 
botanical  survey  of  Nebraska.  He  is  the 
author  of  numerous  botanical  papers  and 
monographs,  mostly  on  the  fungi. 

POUND,  THADDEUS  C.,  educator,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  6, 
1832,  in  Pennsylvania.  For  a  number  of 
years  he  taught  school,  and  then  was  a 
bookkeeper.  It  was  through  his  efforts 
that  the  city  of  Chippewa  Falls  was  de 
veloped;  and  he  was  instrumental  in  se 
curing  its  railroad  facilities  and  in  caus 
ing  its  river  and  other  improvements  to 
be  made.  He  served  four  terms  in  the 
Wisconsin  legislature;  one  term  as  lieu 
tenant-governor;  and  has  represented  his 
district  in  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  republican. 
In  1876  he  was  commissioner  from  Wis 
consin  to  the  Philadelphia  exposition; 
and  has  always  supported  measures  de 
signed  to  promote  internal  commerce. 

POUNDSTONE,  ALEXANDER  M.,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Feb.  26,  1835,  in  Fayette  county,  Pa.  He 
served  as  a  captain  in  the  United  States 
army  during  the  civil  war.  For  four 
teen  years  he  was  prosecuting  attorney  of 
Buckhannon,  W.  Va. ;  and  for  two  terms 
served  as  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
that  state. 

POWDERLY,  TERENCE  VINCENT, 
labor  advocate,  author,  was  born  Jan.  22, 
1849,  in  Carbondale,  Pa.  Since  1869  he 
has  lived  in  Scranton,  Pa.  In  1879  he 
was  elected  general  master-workman  of 
the  Knights  of  Labor;  and  has  since  been 
re-elected  nearly  a  dozen  times.  In  1878 
he  was  elected  mayor  of  Scranton  by  the 
labor  vote;  and  was  several  times  re- 
elected  as  a  democrat  to  that_ofl1ce.  He 
has  been  connected  with  several  labor 
publications;  and  is  the  author  of  A  His 
tory  of  the  Origin  and  Principles  of  the 
Knights  of  Labor. 

POWELL,  AARON  MACY,  journalist, 
reformer,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
March  26,  1832,  in  Clinton,  N.  Y.  Since 
1872  he  has  been  secretary  of  the  Nation 
al  Temperance  society  and  editor  of  the 
National  Temperance  Advocate  in  New 
York.  In  1886  he  also  took  charge  of  the 
Philanthropist.  He  is  the  author  of  State 
Regulation  of  Vice. 

POWELL,  ALFRED  H.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1781, 
in  Loudoun  county,  Va.  He  served  in 
the  Virginia  state  legislature,  and  one  or 
two  state  conventions;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1825  to  1827.  He  died  in  1831  in  Winches 
ter,  Va. 

POWELL,  CHARLES  GRANSON,  jour 
nalist,  politician,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1829,  in 
Monroe   county,   N.   Y.     He  was   a   dele 
gate  to  the  national 
republican      conven 
tions  in  1868  and  in 
1872;   and     postmas 
ter  at  La  Porte,  Ind., 
•t  ^t      PK>     >    during  1877-82.  He  is 
;'     L    the  editor  and  owner 
'-•riH^^  fe    of     The  Herald,  and 

also  of  The  Repub 
lican,  of  La  Porte, 
Ind.  He  has  contrib 
uted  extensively  to 
current  literature  on 
various  topics;  and 
has  filled  numerous  public  positions  of 
honor  in  his  city,  county  and  state. 

POWELL,  CUTHBERT,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman.  He  was  at  one  time 
mayor  of  Alexandria  in  Virginia;  and  on 
his  removal  to  Loudoun  county  was  elected 
to  the  legislature.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from  1841 
to  1843.  He  died  May  8,  1849,  in  Lan- 
gollen,  Va. 


POWELL,  D.  FRANK,  physician,  sur 
geon,  scientist,  was  born  May  25,  1847,  in 
Sullivan  county,  N.  Y.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  com 
mon  district  schools;  at  the  Columbia 
college;  the  Louisville  Medical  college; 
and  the  Kentucky  School  of  Medicine.  He 
is  a  prominent  physician  and  surgeon  of 
La  Crosse,  Wis. ;  has  served  four  times  as 
mayor  of  that  city;  has  twice  been  an 
independent  candidate  for  governor  of 
Wisconsin;  and  twice  a  candidate  for  con 
gress  from  the  seventh  congressional  dis 
trict  on  the  people's  party  ticket.  He  is  a 
scientist  of  note,  and  an  investigator  of 
prehistoric  and  aboriginal  race  history. 

POWELL,  EDWARD  PAYSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1833  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  clergyman  who  has  held 
pastorates  in  congregational  and  unitar- 
ian  churches  successively,  and  has  long 
been  a  resident  in  Clinton,  N.  Y.  He 
is  the  author  of  Our  Heredity  from  God; 
and  Liberty  and  Life. 

POWELL,  EVAN,  railroad  president, 
was  born  June  2,  1834,  in  Wales.  Since 
1891  he  has  been  president  of  the  Pow- 
ellton  and  Pocahontas  railway. 

POWELL,  JAMES  L.,  soldier,  farmer, 
lawyer  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1834, 
in  Plentifull,  Va.  In  1860  he  was  state's 
attorney  for  Roane 
county;  in  1861  was 
a  captain  in  the  Wise 
legion;  and  during 
1877-85  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Virginia 
state  legislature;  in 
both  the  house  and 
the  senate.  During 
1879-82  he  was  state's 
attorney  forSpottsyl- 
vania  county,  Va.; 
and  has  filled  vari 
ous  other  public  po 
sitions  of  trust.  He  was  the  only  son 
(of  four)  that  survived  the  war.  He  has 
been  eminently  successful  as  a  farmer, 
lawyer  and  statesman;  and  still  resides 
in  the  place  of  his  nativity. 

POWELL,  JOHN  WESLEY,  geologist, 
author,  was  born  March  24,  1834,  in  Mount 
Morris,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  eminent  geologist, 
director  of  the  United  States  geological 
survey  in  1879-94;  and  the  author  of  Ex 
ploration  of  the  Uinta  Mountains;  The 
Arid  Regions  of  the  United  States;  In 
troduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Indian 
Languages;  Studies  in  Sociology;  and 
Canyons  of  the  Colorado. 

POWELL,  JOSEPH,  merchant,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  June  23,  1848,  in 
Towanda,  Pa.  He  became  president  of 
the  First  National  bank  of  Towanda,  and 
engaged  in  other  business  enterprises.  He 
was  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

POWELL.  LAZARUS  WHITEHEAD, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1812,  in 
Henderson  county,  Ky.  In  1836  he  was 
elected  to  the  Kentucky  legislature;  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1844;  and  was 
governor  of  Kentucky  from  1851  to  1855. 
He  was  chosen  a  senator  in  congress  for 
the  long  term  commencing  in  1859.  He 
died  July  3,  1867,  in  Henderson  county, 
Ky. 

POWELL,  LEVIN,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1738  in  Loudoun  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  served  through  the  war  of  the 
revolution  in  the  Virginia  line  of  the  con 
tinental  army,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  He  resided  in  Loudoun 
county,  Va. ;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Virginia  from  1799  to  1801. 
He  died  Aug.  6,  1810,  at  Bedford,  Pa. 


758 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


POWELL,  LEVIN  MYNE,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1800  in  Loudoun  county,  Va. 
He  was  appointed  midshipman  in  the 
United  States  navy  in  1817;  became  lieu 
tenant  in  1826;  and  received  the  thanks 
of  congress  for  his  services  during  that 
campaign.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1885,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

POWELL,  NATHAN,  pioneer,  mer 
chant,  banker,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1814,  in 
Frederick  county,  Md.  In  1848  he  as 
sisted  in  reorganizing  the  old  Madison 
Life,  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  com 
pany,  in  Madison,  Ind.  He  became  one 
of  its  largest  stockholders,  and  has  been 
its  president  since  1851. 

POWELL,  PAULUS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state  in 
1849;  and  continued  in  that  capacity  to 
the  close  of  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

POWELL,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1815  to  1817. 

POWELL,  SIMON  T.,  banker,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  21,  1821,  near  Cambridge 
City,  Ind.  In  1877  he  was  made  president 
of  the  Bundy  National  bank,  in  New  Cas 
tle,  Ind.  In  1871  he  was  honored  by 
President  Grant  with  the  appointment  of 
supervisor  of  internal  revenue. 

POWELL,  THOMAS,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  3,  1809,  in  London,  England.  He 
was  an  English  writer  who  came  to 
America  in  1849,  and  was  for  many  years 
connected  with  the  Frank  Leslie  publica 
tions.  He  wrote  a  number  of  plays, 
among  which  are,  True  at  Last;  The 
Shepherd's  Well.  Other  works  of  his  are 
Florentine  Tales;  Tales  from  Boccaccio; 
Living  Authors  of  England;  and  Living 
Authors  of  America.  He  died  Jan  13 
1887,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

POWELL,  WILLIAM  BYRD,  educator, 
physician,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1799,  in  Bour 
bon  county,  Ky.  In  1865  he  was  chosen 
professor  emeritus  of  cerebral  physiology 
in  the  New  York  Eclectic  Medical  college, 
but  he  did  not  lecture  in  that  institution. 
He  died  July  3,  1867,  in  Henderson,  Ky. 

POWELL,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  artist, 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1823,  in  New  York  city. 
He  exhibited  first  at  the  Academy  of  De 
sign,  N.  Y.,  in  1838,  and  was  elected  an 
associate  in  1839;  and  attained  note  as  a 
painter.  He  died  Oct.  6,  1879,  in  New 
York  city. 

POWELL,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  was  born  May  10,  1825,  in 
South  Wales.  He  was  made  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  in  October,  1864. 
After  the  war  he  settled  in  West  Virginia, 
declined  a  nomination  for  congress  in 
1865,  and  was  a  republican  presidential 
elector  in  1868.  He  is  president  of  a 
manufacturing  company  in  Belleville,  111. 

POWER,  FREDERICK  BELUING, 
chemist,  educator,  author,  was  born  March 
4,  1853,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.  In  1881-83  he 
was  professor  of  analytical  chemistry  at 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  and  he 
then  was  called  to  the  chair  of  pharmacy 
and  materia  medica  in  the  university  of 
Wisconsin,  with  charge  of  the  newly  es 
tablished  department  of  pharmacy.  He 
is  the  author  of  several  medical  works. 

POWER,  THOMAS  C.,  civil  engineer, 
United  States  senator,  governor,  was  born 
May  22,  1839,  in  Dubuque,  Iowa.  In  1867 
he  located  at  Fort  Benton,  the  head  of 
navigation;  and  was  president  of  the  Ben- 
ton  P.  line  of  steamers.  He  is  inter 
ested  in  cattle,  mines  and  various  mer 
cantile  companies.  He  located  in  Helena 
in  1878;  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  first  constitutional  convention  of 
Montana  in  1883.  He  was  a  delegate  to 


the  republican  national  convention  in 
1888;  and  was  nominated  by  the  republic 
ans  of  his  state  for  governor  in  1889.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  in 
1890. 

POWERS,  DANIEL  WILLIAM,  banker, 
financier,  was  born  June  14,  1818,  in  Ba- 
tavia,  N.  Y.  Two  handsome  buildings 
have  been  constructed  in  Rochester  by 
him — one  of  them  the  Powers  Commercial 
building,  for  business  and  office  purposes, 
which  now  contains  the  Powers  Art  gal 
lery,  valued  at  over  $1,000,000,  and  the 
Powers  hotel,  connecting  on  all  floors 
above  the  first  with  the  former.  He  was  for 
fourteen  years  president  of  the  trustees 
of  the  city  hospital,  and  is  now  president 
of  the  Home  for  the  Friendless  and  the 
Powers  Banking  company. 

POWERS,  EDWARD,  civil  engineer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1830,  in  Amenia, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  civil  engineer  who  pub 
lished  a  work  entitled  War  and  the 
Weather,  or  the  Artificial  Production  of 
Rain. 

POWERS,  ELIZA  HOWARD,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  in  1802.  From  1862 
till  1864  she  was  associate  manager  of  the 
United  States  sanitary  commission  of  New 
Jersey,  and  acting  president  of  the  Flor 
ence  Nightingale  Relief  association  of 
Paterson,  N.  J.  The  forty-eighth  con 
gress  voted  her  a  pension.  She  died  Aug. 
25,  1887,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

POWERS  GEORGE  HERMAN,  oculist, 
aurist,  was'  born  June  13,  1840,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  Since  1866  he  has  practiced 
his  profession  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  has 
been  oculist  to  the  city  and  county  hos 
pitals  and  various  other  hospitals  of  San 
Francisco.  For  many  years  he  filled  the 
chair  of  ophthalmology  and  otology  in 
the  university  of  California;  and  is  noted 
as  one  of  the  foremost  oculists  and  aur- 
ists  in  America. 

POWERS,  GERSHOM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1829  to  1831. 

POWERS,  GRANT,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  31,  1784,  in  Hollis,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  minister  at  Haverhill,  N.  H.,  in 
1815-29;  and  at  Goshen,  Conn.,  from  1829 
till  his  death.  He  published  Essay  on 
False  Hope  in  Religion;  Centennial  Ad 
dress;  and  Historical  Sketches  of  the  Set 
tlement  of  the  Coos  Country,  1784-85.  He 
died  April  10,  1841,  in  Goshen,  Conn. 

POWERS,  HENRY  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  May 
29,  1835,  in  Morristown,  Vt.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
of  Vermont  in  1858;  and  was  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Lamoille  county  in  1861-62. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in 
1872-73;  and  was  speaker  of  the  house  of 
representatives  in  1874.  He  was  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Vermont  from  1874 
to  1890;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sec 
ond,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

POWERS,  HIRAM,  sculptor,  was  born 
July  29,  1805,  in  Woodstock,  Vt.  Among 
his  many  works  is  his  Greek  Slave,  which 
became  widely  celebrated,  and  placed  the 
artist  in  the  first  rank  of  sculptors.  He 
died  June  27,  1873,  in  Florence,  Italy. 

POWERS,  HORATIO  NELSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  30,  1826,  in 
Amenia,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Chicago,  Bridgeport,  and,  in 
his  latest  years,  of  Piermont,  N.  Y.,  who 
was  favorably  known  as  a  poet.  He 
was  the  author  of  Early  and  Late;  Po 
ems;  Ten  Years  of  Song;  Lyrics  of  the 
Hudson;  and  Through  the  Year,  a  vol 
ume  of  religious  essays.  He  died  Sept.  6, 
1890,  in  Piermont,  N.  Y. 


POWERS,  JAMES  KNOX,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1851, 
near  Florence,  Ala.  The  same  day  that  he 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Ala 
bama  he  was  notified  of  his  election  to 
the  chair  of  mathematics  in  the  Alabama 
State  Normal  college,  of  which  institu 
tion  he  has  been  president  since  1888. 

POWERS,  LLEWELLYN,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1838 
in  Pittsfield,  Maine.  He  was  prosecuting 
attorney  from  1864  to  1871;  was  collector 
of  customs  for  the  district  of  Aroostook, 
Maine,  from  1868  to  1872;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1874,  1875  and  1876.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Maine  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

POWERS,  ORLANDO  W.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  June  16,  1850, 
in  Pultneyville,  N.  Y.  In  1885  he  was 
associate  justice  of  Utah;  and  a  member 
of  the  Utah  legislature  in  1894. 

POWERS,  RIDGELY  C.,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1836,  in  Mecca, 
Ohio.  He  served  as  an  assistant  adju 
tant-general  in  the  war  for  the  union.  He 
moved  to  the  state  of  Mississippi  in  1865; 
was  lieutenant-governor  in  1870;  and  in 
1871  was  elected  governor  of  the  state. 

POWERS,  THEODORE  TAYLOR,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1866,  in 
Centerville,  Iowa.  He  received  a  liberal 
education  in  the  public  schools,  and  was 
a  graduate  of  the  law  department  of 
Drake  university  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
For  several  years  he  was  engaged  in  ed 
ucational  work;  was  a  candidate  for  state 
representative  for  Appanoose  county, 
Iowa,  in  1893;  and  is  now  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Phoenix.  Arizona. 

POWERS,  WILBUR  HOWARD,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1849,  in 
Croydon,  N.  H.  He  attended  the  public 
schools;  graduated  from  Kimball  Union 
academy  in  1871;  from  Dartmouth  col 
lege  in  1875;  from  Boston  university 
School  of  Law  in  1878,  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B.;  and  in  1880  he  received  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  from  Dartmouth  college. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  Hyde  Park,  Mass.;  was  town  solicitor 
in  1889-90;  a  representative  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  state  legislature  during  1890-92; 
and  presidential  elector  in  1897.  Since 
1893  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  park 
commission,  being  also  its  secretary  and 
chairman. 

POWNALL,  THOMAS,  governor,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1720  in  England.  In 
1757  he  was  elected  governor  of  Massa 
chusetts,  resigning  in  1760.  He  wrote  The 
Middle  States  of  America;  and  Letters 
Advocating  Free  Trade.  He  died  Feb.  25, 
1805,  in  England. 

POYAS,  CATHERINE  GENDRON,  po 
et,  was  born  April  27,  1813,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  She  was  a  poet  of  Charleston; 
and  the  author  of  Huguenot  Daughters, 
and  Other  Verses;  and  A  Year  of  Grief. 
She  died  Feb.  7,  1882,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

POYDRAS,  JULIAN,  congressman,  was 
born  April  3,  1746,  in  France.  He  was  a 
delegate  in  congress  from  the  territory  of 
Louisiana  from  1809  to  1812.  He  died 
June  2,  1824,  in  Louisiana. 

PRALL,  JOHN  ANDREW,  lawyer,  was 
born  Jan.  13,  1827,  in  Woodford  county, 
Ky.  In  1859  he  was  nominated  for  the 
state  senate  from  Kentucky.  He  entered 
i lie  senate  and  was  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  on  federal  relations  continuously 
for  six  years.  He  was  the  candidate  of 
liis  party  for  the  senate  of  the  United 
States,  and  received  forty-seven  votes  on 
joint-ballot,  the  largest  republican  vote 
ever  cast  in  the  Kentucky  legislature. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


759 


PRALL,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  April  6,  1853,  in  Paterson,  N.  J.  In 
1883  he  was  elected  to  the  assembly  of 
New  Jersey,  and  took  a  leading  part  in 
what  was  called  the  railway  taxation  is 
sue.  He  drafted  and  secured  the  enact 
ment  of  the  free  public  library  law,  under 
which  all  the  free  public  libraries  of  New 
Jersey  have  been  established.  In  1887  he 
was  admitted  to  priesthood,  and  is  now 
rector  of  St.  John's  church,  Detroit,  Mich. 
PRATT,  ALICE  EDWARDS,  educator, 
poet.  She  is  a  writer  of  Rosa,  Cal.;  and 
the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

PRATT,  CALVIN  EDWARD,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1828,  in 
Princeton.  Mass.  In  1862  lie  was  appointed 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  In  1869 
he  was  elected  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  he 
was  re-elected  in  1877  for  fourteen  years. 
PRATT,  CHARLES,  philanthropist,  was 
born  Oct.  2,  1830,  in  Watertown,  Mass.  He 
displayed  great  interest  in  educational 
matters,  and  founded  in  Brooklyn  the 
Pratt  Industrial  institute.  This  receives 
its  support  from  the  Astral  flats,  which 
were  built  by  him,  and  conveyed  to  the 
institute.  He  died  May  4,  1891,  in  New 
York  city. 

PRATT,  CHARLES  A.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  20,  1856,  in  Pennsylvania. 
From  1885-89  he  was  postmaster  of  Pe- 
oria;  and  in  1890  bought  The  Times  of 
Sheffield,  111. 

PRATT,  DANIEL  DARWIN,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1813,  in 
Palermo,  Maine.  In  1851  and  1853  he  was 
elected  to  the  Indiana  state  legislature; 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago  con 
vention  of  1860,  officiating  as  leading  sec 
retary.  In  1868  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  forty-first 
congress;  and  in  1869  was  elected  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  for  the  term  ending  in 
1875.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  commis 
sioner  of  internal  revenue.  He  died  June 
17,  1877,  in  Logansport,  Ind. 

PRATT,  DANIEL  JOHNSON,  author, 
was  born  March  8,  1827,  in  Westmoreland, 
N.  Y.  He  was  the  author  of  Annals  of 
Public  Education  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  1626-1746.  He  died  Sept.  12  1884, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

PRATT,  MRS.  ELLA  [FARMAN],  au 
thor,  was  born  in  New  York,  She  is  a 
popular  writer  for  young  people,  long  the 
editor  of  The  Wide  Awake,  and  more  re 
cently  of  Our  Little  Men  and  Women. 
Among  her  writings  are,  Good-for-Noth- 
ing  Polly;  A  Girl's  Money;  A  Little  Wo 
man;  A  White  Hand;  and  Happy  Chil 
dren. 

PRATT,  ENOCH,  merchant,  banker, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1808,  in 
Middleborough,  Mass.  He  has  given  in 
the  most  liberal  manner  to  schools, 
churches,  and  charities  and  has  estab 
lished  in  Baltimore  the  Enoch  Pratt  Free 
library,  at  a  cost  of  $400,000  in  real  es 
tate  and  $833,000  in  cash. 

PRATT,  HENRY  O.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1838,  in 
Foxcroft,  Maine.  He  served  as  a  private 
in  the  army;  practiced  law  at  Charles 
City,  Iowa,  in  1864;  and  was  elected  to  the 
Iowa  house  of  representatives  in  1869, 
and  re-elected  in  1871.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-third  and  forty-fourth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

PRATT,  JACOB  LORING,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1835.  He  was  a  cler 
gyman  of  Maine;  and  the  author  of  Even 
ing  Rest;  Branches  of  Palm;  Broken  Fet 
ters;  The  Mask  Lifted;  Bonnie  Aerie; 
Mecca;  and  The  Crown  of  Silver.  He  died 
in  1891. 


PRATT,  JAMES  H.,  lawyer,  politician, 
was  born  Nov.  16,  1850,  in  Linn  county, 
Mo.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of 
his  native  state  at  Neosha;  has  been  city 
attorney  for  four  years;  and  served  as 
engrossing  clerk  in  the  Missouri  house  of 
representatives.  He  takes  a  prominent 
part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  coun 
ty  and  state;  and  is  secretary  of  the  dem 
ocratic  state  executive  judicial  committee 
for  the  eastern  judicial  district  of  Mis 
souri. 

PRATT,  JAMES  T.,  agriculturist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1805 
in  Middletown,  Conn.  He  served  in  the 
Connecticut  legislature;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1853  to  1855.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
peace  congress  of  1861. 

PRATT,  JOHN,  college  president,  was 
born  Oct.  12,  1800,  in  Thompson,  Conn. 
He  was  the  first  president  of  Denison  uni 
versity,  Ohio,  serving  from  1831-37.  He 
died  in  1882  in  Granville,  Ohio. 

PRATT,  JULIUS  HOWARD,  manufac 
turer,  railroad  builder,  was  born  Aug. 
1,  1821,  in  Meriden,  Conn.  He  commenced 
business  in  1842  as  a  manufacturer  of 
ivory  goods,  which  proved  to  be  a  success. 
His  most  important  achievement  was  the 
building  of  the  New  York  and  Green 
wood  Lake  railway. 

PRATT,  MATTHEW,  artist,  was  born 
Sept.  25,  1734,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  His 
portraits,  in  the  execution  of  which  he 
proved  himself  an  artist  of  undoubted  tal 
ent,  include  those  of  Rev.  Archdeacon 
Mann,  of  Dublin,  the  Duke  of  Portland, 
the  Duchess  of  Manchester,  Governor  An 
drew  Hamilton,  and  Governor  Cadwala- 
der  Golden,  of  New  York.  He  painted 
also  The  London  School  of  Artists,  which 
Thomas  Sully  pronounced  well  executed. 
He  died  Jan.  9,  1805,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PRATT,  O.  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
in  New  York.  He  removed  to  Illinois,  and 
from  that  state  was  appointed  an  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  United  States  court  for 
the  territory  of  Oregon,  residing  at  Ore 
gon  City. 

PRATT,  ORSON,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  19,  1811,  in  Hartford,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  Mormon  apostle  and  educator,  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  in  Deseret  univer 
sity.  He  was  the  author  of  Divine  Au 
thenticity  of  the  Book  of  Mormon;  Cubic 
and  Bi-Quadratic  Equations;  The  Great 
First  Cause;  and  The  Absurdities  of  Im- 
materialism.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1881,  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

PRATT,  PARLEY  PARKER,  mission 
ary,  author,  was  born  April  12,  1807,  in 
Burlington,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  baptist  preach 
er  before  his  con 
version  to  Mormon- 
ism  in  1830,  and  be 
came  one  of  the  most 
earnest  and  eloquent 
ministers  in  the 
church  of  latter-day 
saints.  In  1835  he 
was  appointed  one  of 
the  first  twelve  apos 
tles.  He  was  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  1847, 
when  the  valley  of 
the  Great  Salt  Lake 
was  selected  as  a  place  of  settlement  for 
the  exiled  saints.  He  explored  the  region 
in  1849,  and  built  a  road  in  what  is 
known  as  Parley's  canon.  Parley's  peak 
is  also  named  after  him.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Voice  of  Warning  and  Instruction 
to  All  People;  History  of  the  Persecu 
tions  of  Missouri;  and  Key  to  the  Science 
of  Theology.  He  was  assassinated  May  13, 
1857,  near  Van  Buren,  Ark. 


PRATT,  PETER,  lawyer,  author.  He 
was  eminent  as  a  lawyer  and  published 
The  Prey  Taken  from  the  Strong,  or  an 
Historical  Account  of  the  Recovery  of 
One  from  the  Dangerous  Errors  of  Qua 
kerism.  He  died  in  November,  1730,  in 
New  London,  Conn. 

PRATT,  ROBERT  M.,  artist,  was  born 
in  1811  in  Binghamton,  N.  Y.  Among  his 
numerous  portraits  are  those  of  Aaron 
D.  Shattuck  and  George  H.  Smillie,  both 
in  the  possession  of  the  Academy  of  De 
sign.  He  was  elected  an  associate  of  the 
National  academy  in  1849,  and  an  acad 
emician  in  1851.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1880,  in 
New  York  city. 

PRATT,  SAMUEL  WHEELER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1838,  in 
Livonia,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  at  Monroe,  Mich.,  from  1883; 
and  the  author  of  Summer  at  Peace  Cot 
tage,  or  Talks  About  Home  Life;  The 
Gospel  of  the  Holy  Spirit;  and  Life  of 
St.  Paul. 

PRATT,  THOMAS  GEORGE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Feb.  18,  1804,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 
He  frequently  served  in  the  Maryland 
senate;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1837.  He  was  governor  of  Maryland  from 
1844  to  1848;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1850  to  1857. 
He  died  Nov.  9,  1869,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

PRATT,  ZADOCK,  manufacturer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  30, 
1790,  in  Stephenstown,  N.  Y.  In  1823  he 
was  elected  a  colonel  of  militia;  and  in 
1830  was  elected  to  the  New  York  state 
senate.  In  1836  he  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor;  and  was  elected  to  congress  in  1836 
and  1842.  He  died  April  6,  1871,  in  Ber 
gen,  N.  J. 

PRAY,  ISAAC  CLARK,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  15,  1813,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  journalist,  playwright 
and  theatrical  manager  of  New  York  city; 
and  the  author  of  Prose,  and  Verse;  The 
Book  of  the  Drama;  Memoirs  of  James 
Gordon  Bennett;  and  Virginius.  He  died 
Nov.  28,  1869,  in  New  York  city. 

PRAY,  LEWIS  GLOVER,  philanthro 
pist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1793,  in 
Quincy,  Miss.  He  was  a  Boston  philan 
thropist  who  published  Child's  First  Book 
of  Thought;  History  of  Sunday-Schools; 
and  The  Sylphid's  School,  and  Other 
Pieces  in  Verse.  He  died  in  1882. 

PRAY,  PUBLIUS  RUTILIUS  RUFUS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  author,  was 
born  in  1795  in  Maine.  He  practiced  law 
in  Hancock  county,  Miss.;  served  in  the 
legislature  in  1828;  and  was  president  of 
the  convention  that  adopted  the  revised 
constitution  of  1832.  In  1833  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  the  legislature  to  revise  the 
laws  of  the  state,  which  work  he  com 
pleted  after  great  labor.  From  1837  till 
his  death  he  was  judge  of  the  high  court 
of  errors  and  appeals.  He  published  Re 
vised  Statutes  of  the  State  of  Missouri. 
He  died  Jan.  11,  1840,  in  Pearlington, 
Miss. 

PREBLE,  EDWARD,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Aug.  15,  1761,  in  Portland,  Maine. 
He  is  famous  for  the  success  of  his  squad 
ron,  under  his  flagship  the  Constitution, 
sent  against  Tripoli  in  1803.  For  these 
services  he  received  a  gold  medal  from 
congress.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1807,  in  Port 
land,  Maine. 

PREBLE,  GEORGE  HENRY,  naval  of 
ficer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1816,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  He  was  a  rear-admiral 
in  the  United  States  navy;  and  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  the  American  Flag; 
Chronological  History  of  Steam  Naviga 
tion;  and  The  Preble  Family  in  America. 
He  died  March  1,  1885,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


760 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PREBLE,  HARRIET,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1795  in  England.  She  pub 
lished  translations  into  French  prose  of 
Bulwer's  poem  The  Rebel,  with  an  his 
torical  introduction,  and  of  James  Feni- 
more  Cooper's  Notions  of  the  Americans, 
and  left  several  works  in  manuscript.  She 
died  Feb.  4,  1854,  in  West  Manchester, 
Pa. 

PREBLE,  HENRY,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1853  in  Maine.  He  is  an  ed 
ucator  who  was  professor  of  Latin  at  Har 
vard  university.  He  has  edited  a  re 
vised  edition  of  Andrews  and  Stoddard's 
Latin  Grammar,  and  several  volumes  of 
Latin  classics. 

PREBLE,  JEDEDIAH,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  bojrn  in  1707  in 
Wells,  Maine.  In  1774  he  was  commis 
sioned  brigadier-general  by  the  provin 
cial  congress  of  Massachusetts,  and  he 
was  afterward  made  major-general,  but 
refused  on  account  of  age.  He  was  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in  1778,  and 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1780.  He 
died  March  11,  1784,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

PRENDERGAST,  DAVIS  McGEE,  law 
yer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  16, 
1816,  in  Shelbyville,  Tenn.  He  attended 
the  Cumberland  college,  Ky.;  and  the 
East  Tennessee  university  of  Knoxville. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  tenth  and 
thirteenth  state  legislatures  of  Texas;  and 
filled  with  distinction  the  office  of  judge 
of  the  thirteenth  judicial  district  of  Tex 
as.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Mexia, 
Texas;  a  decided  prohibitionist;  and  in 
1S92  was  nominated  by  that  party  for  gov 
ernor  of  Texas. 

PRENTICE,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1834  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman, 
professor  of  modern  languages  at  Wesley- 
an  university;  and  the  author  of  Life  of 
Bishop  Gilbert  Haven;  Rome  and  Italy  at 
the  Opening  of  the  Oecumenical  Council, 
from  the  French  of  Pressense;  and  Life  of 
Wilbur  Fisk. 

PRENTICE,  GEORGE  A.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  May  25,  1844,  in  Frankfort, 
Ky.  During  1858-61  he  attended  the  Ken 
tucky  Military  insti 
tute,  and  received  a 
thorough  education. 
For  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  has  been 
actively  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law; 
has  been  county  at 
torney;  served  with 
distinction  as  coun 
ty  judge;  and  is  now 
one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  the  south 
at  Morganfield,  Ky. 
He  has  filled  several  public  positions  of 
honor. 

PRENTICE,  GEORGE  DENISON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  18, 
1802,  in  Preston,  Conn.  In  1823  he  grad 
uated  from  Brown 
university;  and  in 
1829  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  but  never 
practiced.  In  1825  he 
became  editor  of  the 
Connecticut  Mirror; 
in  1828  became  edi 
tor  of  the  New  Eng 
land  Weekly  Re 
view;  and  during 
1831-70  was  editor  of 
the  Louisville  Jour 
nal.  He  was  widely 
known  for  his  witticisms.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Life  of  Henry  Clay;  and  a  volume 
of  selections  from  his  writings  entitled 
Prenticeana.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1870,  in 


Louisville,  Ky.  A  collection  of  his  po 
ems  was  published  in  1876. 

PRENTIS,  ROBERT  RIDDICK,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  24,  1855,  in  Albe- 
marle  county,  Va.  During  1883-85  he  was 
mayor  of  Suffolk,  Va.;  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1892;  and  is  now  judge  of  the  first 
judicial  circuit  court  of  Virginia. 

PRENTISS,  ALBERT  NELSON,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  May  22,  1836,  in 
Cazenovia,  N.  Y.  In  1868  he  was  elect 
ed  professor  of  botany  and  horticulture  in 
the  Michigan  Agriculture  college,  which 
position  he  now  holds.  He  has  written  a 
monograph  on  the  hemlock,  and  other 
botanical  papers. 

PRENTISS,  BENJAMIN  MAYBERRY, 
soldier,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1819,  in  Belle 
ville,  W.  Va.  He  organized  a  company 
of  volunteers  for  service  in  the  civil  war, 
and  his  bravery  earned  him  the  sobri 
quet  of  The  Hero  of  Shiloh,  and  he  was 
promoted  to  brigadier-general  of  United 
States  volunteers. 

PRENTISS,  CHARLES,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  October,  1774,  in  Read 
ing,  Mass.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Wash 
ington;  and  the  author  of  Fugitive  Es 
says  in  Prose  and  Verse;  Poems;  History 
of  the  United  States;  Trial  of  Calvin  and 
Hopkins;  and  Lives  of  Robert  Treat  Paine 
and  General  William  Eaton.  He  died  Oct. 
20,  1820,  in  Brimfield,  Mass. 

PRENTISS,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  [PAY- 
SON],  author,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1818,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  She  was  a  popular  writer 
of  religious  fiction  whose  Stepping  Heav 
enward  has  been  widely  read.  Among  her 
many  other  works  are.  Pemaquid;  The 
Home  at  Graylock;  Aunt  Jane's  Hero; 
The  Flower  of  the  Family;  Little  Susy 
Series;  and  Fred,  Maria  and  Me.  She 
died  Aug.  13,  1878,  in  Dorset,  Vt. 

PRENTISS,  GEORGE  LEWIS,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  May  12, 
1816,  in  Gorham,  Maine.  He  is  a  pres- 
byterian  clergyman  of  New  York  city; 
and  professor  of  pastoral  theology  in 
Union  seminary  from  1873.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Memoir  of  Seargent  Prentiss; 
Life  of  Elizabeth  Prentiss;  Our  Na 
tional  Bane;  -The  Problem  of  the  Veto 
Power;  The  Argument  between  Union 
Seminary  and  the  General  Assembly;  and 
Fifty  Years  of  Union  Seminary. 

PRENTISS,  JOHN  HOLMES,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  17,  1784,  In 
Worcester,  Mass.  In  1808  he  established 
the  Freeman's  Journal  in  Cooperstown,  N. 
Y.,  which  he  edited  with  ability  and  suc 
cess  until  1849.  He  was  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  twenty-fifth  and 
twenty-sixth  congresses.  He  died  June 
26,  1864,  in  Cooperstown,  N.  Y. 

PRENTISS,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  March  31,  1782, 
in  Stonington,  Conn.  In  1824  and  1825 
he  represented  Montpelier,  Vt.,  in  the 
state  legislature;  and  in  1829  was  elect 
ed  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  state.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Vermont  from  1831  to  1842.  In  1842 
he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  federal  dis 
trict  court  in  Vermont,  which  office  he 
held  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  died 
Jan.  15,  1857,  in  Montpelier,  Vt. 

PRENTISS,  SEARGENT  SMITH,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  30,  1808,  in  Portland,  Maine. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Mississippi  state 
legislature  in  1835;  and  in  1837  was  chos 
en  a  representative  in  congress  from  Mis 
sissippi  for  the  years  1838  and  1839.  As 
a  jury  orator  he  was  acknowledged  as 
having  no  equal  in  the  southwestern 
states.  He  died  July  1,  1850,  in  Long- 
wood,  Miss. 


PRENTISS,  THEODORE,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1815,  in 
Montpelier,  Vt.  He  served  in  the  Wis 
consin  legislature,  and  was  three  times 
elected  mayor  of  Watertown. 

PRENTISS,  WILLIAM  A.,  merchant, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
in  1799  in  Massachusetts.  In  1836  he 
moved  to  Milwaukee,  Wis.;  in  1847  became 
a  justice  of  the  peace;  was  four  years  a 
member  of  the  upper  branch  of  the  terri 
torial  legislature;  and  was  its  president 
in  1840.  In  1858  he  became  mayor  of 
Milwaukee. 

PRESCOTT,  ALBERT  BENJAMIN, 
chemist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1832, 
in  Hastings,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  chemist  who 
has  been  dean  of  the  School  of  Pharmacy 
at  Michigan  university  from  1876;  and 
the  author  of  Outlines  of  Proximate  Or 
ganic  Analysis;  Chemical  Examination 
of  Alcoholic  Liquors;  Organic  Analysis; 
and  Qualitative  Analysis. 

PRESCOTT,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1687,  in  Con 
cord,  Mass.  He  was  the  author  of  Ex 
amination  of  Certain  Remarks;  Letter  to 
Joshua  Gee;  Letter  to  Rev.  George  White- 
field;  and  A  Free  and  a  Calm  Considera 
tion  of  the  Unhappy  Misunderstandings 
and  Debates  between  Great  Britain  and 
the  American  Colonies.  He  died  May  28, 
1777,  in  Danvers,  Mass. 

PRESCOTT,  BENJAMIN  F.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  governor,  wiiS  born  Feb.  26,  1833, 
in  Epping,  N.  H.  He  became  associate 
editor  of  the  Independent  Democrat  news 
paper  of  Concord,  N.  H.,  and  continued  as 
such  until  1866.  He  was  elected  secretary 
of  state  in  1872,  1873,  1875  and  1876.  He 
was  elected  governoi  of  New  Hampshire 
in  1877  and  re-elecied  in  1878. 

PRESCOTT,  CYRUS  D.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  15, 
1836,  in  New  Hartford,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  aldermen  of 
Rome,  N.  Y.,  from  1874  to  1876;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  house  of  representatives 
in  1878;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  republican. 

PRESCOTT,  GEORGE  BARTLETT, 
electrician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  16, 
1830,  in  Kingston,  N.  H:  In  1873  he  vis 
ited  Europe  in  the  interest  of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  company  for  the  purpose 
of  investigating  the  various  systems  of 
telegraphy  in  operation  there,  and  found 
many  important  objects  of  recommenda 
tion,  which  he  patented  in  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain.  He  has  pub 
lished  History,  Theory  and  Practice  of 
the  Electric  Telegraph;  The  Proposed 
Union  of  the  Telegraph  and  Postal  Sys 
tems  (New  York) ;  The  Government  and 
the  Telegraph;  and  Electricity  and  the 
Electric  Telegraph.  He  died  in  1894. 

PRESCOTT,  OLIVER,  soldier,  jurist, 
was  born  April  27,  1731,  in  Groton,  Mass. 
In  1778  he  was  appointed  third  major-gen 
eral  of  militia  in  Massachusetts,  and  in 
1781  he  became  second  major-general,  but 
soon  afterward  he  resigned.  From  1779 
till  his  death  he  was  judge  of  probate  for 
Middlesex  county.  He  died  Nov.  17,  1804, 
in  Groton,  Mass. 

PRESCOTT,  OLIVER,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  4,  1762,  in  Groton, 
Mass.  He  removed  to  Newburyport  in 
1811,  practicing  successfully  there  till  his 
death.  He  was  often  a  representative  in 
the  legislature,  and  was  a  founder,  trus 
tee,  and  treasurer  of  Groton  academy. 
He  died  Sept.  26,  1827,  in  Newburyport. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


761 


PRESCOTT,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  Feb.  20,  1726,  in  Groton,  Mass.  He 
fought  with  distinguished  bravery  at  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  where  he  was  one 
of  the  chief  commanders.  He  died  Oct.  13, 
1795,  in  Pepperell,  Mass. 

PRESCOTT,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1762,  in 
Pepperell,  Mass.  He  removed  to  Salem, 
Mass.,  and  after  representing  that  town 
for  several  years  in  the  legislature,  he  was 
elected  a  state  senator  by  the  federal 
party  for  Essex  county,  first  in  1806,  and 
again  in  1813.  He  died  Dec.  8,  1844,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

PRESCOTT,  WILLIAM,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1788,  in  Gilman- 
ton,  N.  H.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  col 
lector  of  minerals  and  shells,  and  was  a 
member  of  many  literary  and  scientific 
societies.  He  wrote  the  Prescott  Me 
morial.  He  died  Oct.  18,  1875,  in  Gilman- 
ton,  N.  H. 

PRESCOTT,  WILLIAM  C.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1848,  in  New 
Hartford,  N.  Y.  During  1893-94  he  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  state  legislature. 
He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Herkimer, 
N.  Y.,  and  grand  marshal  of  Free  and  Ac 
cepted  Masons  of  his  state. 

PRESCOTT,  WILLIAM  HICKLING,  his 
torian,  author,  was  born  May  4,  1796,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  was  a  celebrated  his 
torian  of  Boston.  In  1837  his  History  of 
the  Reign  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  ap 
peared  and  brought  him  instant  fame.  It 
was  followed  by  The  Conquest  of  Mexico; 
The  Conquest  of  Peru;  an  edition  of 
Robertson's  Charles  V,  with  Prescott's 
own  work  on  the  cloister  life  of  that 
monarch;  History  of  Philip  II;  and 
Biographical  and  Critical  Miscellanies. 
He  died  Jan.  28,  1850,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PRESSEY,  EDWARD  PEARSON,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  sociologist,  was  born  in 
1869  in  Salem,  N.  H.  He  attended  the 
Pinkerton  academy  of  Derry,  N.  H. ;  and 
graduated  from  Harvard  college  and  from 
Harvard  Divinity  school.  He  has  been  a 
successful  teacher  in  the  Boston  public 
schools;  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  the 
First  Congregational  church  of  Rowe, 
Mass.  He  is  a  practical  sociologist,  and 
contributes  extensively  to  current  liter 
ature. 

PRESTON,  ACHSAH  ANNIE,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  18,  1840,  in  Vernon,  Vt. 
For  forty  years  she  has  contributed  to 
the  leading  publications  of  America. 

PRESTON,  ANN,  physician,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1813,  in  West 
Grove,  Pa.  She  was  active  in  the  estab 
lishment  of  the  Woman's  hospital  of 
Philadelphia,  and  was  from  its  beginning 
one  of  the  managers,  its  corresponding 
secretary,  and  its  consulting  physician. 
She  published  various  essays  on  the  medi 
cal  education  of  women,  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  book  of  poems  entitled  Cousin 
Ann's  Stories  for  Children.  She  died 
April  18,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PRESTON,  CHARLES,  legislator,  was 
born  March  10,  1856,  in  Milbrook,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  representative  of  the  South  Da 
kota  state  legislature.  He  is  the  owner 
of  a  ranch  of  two  thousand  acres  well 
stocked  with  sheep. 

PRESTON,  DAVID,  banker,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1826,  in  Harmony, 
N.  Y.  He  established  himself  as  a  banker 
in  Detroit  and  Chicago.  He  gave  about 
$200,000  to  charities,  and  pledged  himself 
to  raise  from  the  people  of  Michigan  ?60,- 
000,  giving  himself  nearly  one-half  of  this 
sum,  for  Albion  college,  of  which  he  was 
a  trustee  from  1862  till  his  death.  He  died 
April  24,  1887,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 


PRESTON,  FRANCIS,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  2,  1765,  in  Botetourt  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  Virginia  from  1793  to  1797.  He  died 
May  25,  1835,  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

PRESTON,  HARRIET  WATERS,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1843  in  Danvers,  Mass. 
She  is  a  high  authority  upon  Provencal 
literature  and  a  writer  of  literary  criti 
cism  and  historical  studies  who  has  lived 
much  in  Europe.  She  is  the  author  of 
Aspendale;  Love  in  the  Nineteenth  Cen 
tury;  Troubadours  and  Trouveres;  A 
Year  in  Eden;  Is  That  All?  a  novel; 
and  The  Georgics  of  Virgil  in  English 
Verse. 

PRESTON,  JACOB  A.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1843  to  1845. 

PRESTON,  JAMES  PATTON,  soldier, 
governor,  was  born  in  1774  in  Montgom 
ery  county,  Va.  For  many  years  he  was 
postmaster  of  the  city  of  Richmond;  and 
was  governor  of  Virginia  from  1816  to 
1819.  He  died  May  4,  1843,  in  Smithfield, 
Va. 

PRESTON,  MRS.  MARGARET  [JUN- 
KIN],  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1825  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  was  a  poet  and 
prose  writer  of  Lexington,  Va.,  and  later 
of  Baltimore;  and  the  author  of  Old 
Song  and  New;  Beechenbrook,  a  Rhyme 
of  the  War;  Colonial  Ballads,  Sonnets, 
and  Other  Verse;  For  Love's  Sake;  The 
Young  Ruler's  Question;  Silverwood,  a 
novel;  and  A  Handful  of  Monographs. 

PRESTON,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1665  in  Patuxent,  Md.  He 
was  chosen  mayor  of  Philadelphia  in  1711; 
and  in  1714  became  the  treasurer  of  the 
province,  retaining  the  office  until  his 
death.  In  1726  he  became  a  justice  of  the 
peace  and  of  the  court  of  common  pleas. 
He  died  Sept.  10,  1743,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PRESTON,  THOMAS  LEWIS,  manufac 
turer,  state  legislator,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  28,  1812,  in  Botetourt  county,  Va. 
He  was  for  many  years  engaged  in  Wash 
ington  and  Smith  counties,  Va.,  in  the 
manufacture  of  salt,  in  which  he  made 
material  improvements.  He  was  twice  a 
member  of  the  legislature,  for  many  years 
a  visitor  of  the  university  of  Virginia, 
and  twice  its  rector.  He  has  published 
Life  of  Elizabeth  Russell,  Wife  of  Gen. 
William  Campbell  of  King's  Mountain. 

PRESTON,  THOMAS  SCOTT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  23,  1824,  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  a  Roman  cath 
olic  clergyman,  but  prior  to  1849  in  orders 
in  the  episcopal  church.  From  1881  he 
was  a  domestic  prelate  of  the  papal  house 
hold  with  the  title  of  monsignore.  He 
was  the  author  of  Protestantism  and  the 
Bible;  Reason  and  Revelation;  Christ 
and  the  Church;  The  Ark  of  the  Cove 
nant;  Sermons  for  the  Seasons;  Life  of 
St.  Mary  Magdalene;  Life  of  St.  Vincent 
de  Paul;  Christian  Unity;  and  Purga- 
torian  Manual.  He  died  in  1891. 

PRESTON,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  16,  1816,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  He  went 
to  Mexico  as  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Kentucky  volunteers;  and  served  in  the 
convention  called  to  frame  anew  the  con 
stitution  of  Kentucky.  In  1850  and  1851 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature; 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1852, 
voting  for  Scott.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  thirty- 
second  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-third  congress.  In 
1858  he  was  appointed  minister  to  Spain. 
He  took  part  in  the  rebellion,  and  was  a 
brigadier-general;  and  in  1868  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legislature.  He  died 
Sept.  21,  1887,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 


PRESTON,  WILLIAM  BALLARD,  sec 
retary  of  navy,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1805,  in 
Smithfield,  Va.  He  graduated  from  the 
university  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  attained 
prominence  as  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer.  He 
served  a  number  of 
terms  in  the  Vir 
ginia  state  senate; 
and  in  1846  was  sent 
to  congress.  In  1849 
was  appointed  secre 
tary  of  navy.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
confederate  senate  In 
1861;  and  was  a 
member  of  that  body  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  died  Nov.  16,  1862,  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Va. 

PRESTON,  WILLIAM  CAMPBELL, 
lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  27,  1794,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1821,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  Virginia. 
In  1822  he  moved  to  Columbia,  S.  C.;  and 
in  1832  was  elected  to  the  senate  of  the 
United  States  from  South  Carolina.  In 
1855  he  became  president  of  the  university 
of  South  Carolina.  He  died  May  22,  1860, 
in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

PRETTYMAN,  ELIJAH  BARRETT,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1830,  in  Wil- 
liamsport,  Pa.  He  attended  a  classical 
school  in  Baltimore; 
then  attended  the 
Cumberland  acad 
emy;  and  subse 
quently  graduated 
j^HSi  from  Dickinson 
academy.  He  has  at 
tained  success  in  ed 
ucational  work;  has 
been  principal  of 
Brookeville  a  c  a  d- 
emy;  principal  of 
Maryland  State  Nor 
mal  school;  and  state 
superintendent  of  public  instruction  of 
Maryland.  He  is  prominent  in  education 
al  affairs;  and  has  contributed  valuable 
articles  to  educational  journals. 

PREVOST,  CHARLES  MALLET,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1818,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  appointed  United 
States  marshal  for  the  territory  of  Wis 
consin,  and  he  was  subsequently  deputy 
collector  of  the  port  of  Philadelphia.  He 
died  Nov.  5,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PREVOST,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  jurist.  In 
1804  he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Orleans. 

PREYER,     HUGO,     journalist,     writer, 
orator,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1847,  in  Prussia. 
Since   1872   he   has   been   engaged   in   re 
form      work;        was 
publisher  of  the  Ohio 
Staats      Zeitung     of 
i     , 

JH  the  Colorado  Staats 
Zeitung  of  Denver, 
Colo.  He  has  deliv 
ered  speeches  in 
nearly  every  state  in 
the  union;  and  in 
1878  was  the  candi 
date  for  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Ohio  on 
the  greenback  ticket. 
He  has  been  national  chairman  of  the 
greenback  labor  party;  for  two  years  was 
state  chairman  of  the  people's  party  of 
Ohio;  and  for  four  years  was  a  member 
of  the  national  committee  of  the  people's 
party,  receiving  the  re-election  for  a  sec 
ond  term  of  four  years  more. 


762 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PRICE,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  planter,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  2,  1854,  in 
Chatsworth  plantation,  La.  He  was  elect 
ed  from  Louisiana  to  the  fifty-first  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

PRICE,  BRUCE,  architect,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  12,  1845,  in  Cumberland,  Md. 
He  is  an  architect  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  A  Large  Country  House. 

PRICE,  CURTIS  E.,  surgeon,  was  born 
Sept.  25,  1840,  in  Letimbreville,  Ohio.  He 
entered  the  army  as  surgeon,  and  was 
brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  for  gallant 
conduct  at  the  battle  of  Nashville;  served 
with  the  army  of  the  Cumberland  until 
the  close  of  the  war;  and  since  1867  has 
been  in  the  regular  service  of  the  United 
States  army  as  surgeon. 

PRICE,  E.  B.,  poet.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Beulah. 

PRICE,  ELI  KIRK,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  July  20,  1797,  in  Bradford,  Pa.  He 
was  a  Philadelphia  lawyer  of  prominence 
and  the  author  of  Law  of  Limitations  and 
Liens  against  Real  Estate.  He  died  Nov. 
14,  1884,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PRICE,  GEORGE  EDMUND,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1848,  in 
Moorefield,  W.  Va.  He  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Charleston,  W.  Va.  During 
1883-90  he  was  a  state  senator  of  the 
West  Virginia  legislature,  and  in  1885-87 
was  president  of  that  body. 

PRICE,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  FER 
GUS,  educator,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1830,  in 
Butler  county,  Ala.  In  1872  he  became 
president  of  the  Methodist  Female  college 
at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  resigning  in  1880, 
when  he  removed  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and 
established  there  the  Nashville  College 
for  Young  Ladies. 

PRICE,  HIRAM,  public  official,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1814,  in 
Washington  county,  Pa.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  State  bank  of  Iowa  from  1859 
to  1866;  and  was  paymaster-general  of 
Iowa  during  the  civil  war.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
thirty-eighth,  thirty-ninth,  fortieth,  forty- 
fifth,  and  forty-sixth  congresses.  He  was 
president  of  the  Davenport  and  St.  Paul 
Railroad  company. 

PRICE,  HUGH  H.,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1859,  in  Black 
River  Falls,  Wis.  He  is  engaged  in  mill 
ing  and  lumoer  business  in  Black  River 
Falls,  Wis.;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  republican  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 

PRICE,  IRA  MAURICE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1856  in  Ohio.  He  is  an 
educator  of  Chicago,  professor  of  Semitic 
languages  in  the  university  of  Chicago 
from  1892;  and  the  author  of  Syllabus  of 
Old  Testament  History. 

PRICE,  RODMAN  McCAULEY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  May  5, 
1816,  in  Sussex  county,  N.  J.  He  was  ap 
pointed  purser  in  the 
navy  in  1840;  and 
is  said  to  have  been 
the  first  person  to 
exercise  judicial 
•functions  under  the 
American  flag  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  as  al 
calde.  In  1848  he 
was  made  naval 
agent  for  the  Pacific 
coast;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress 
from  his  native  state 


from  1851  to  1853; 
elected    governor 


and  was  subsequently 
of    New    Jersey.     He 


caused  the  establishment  in  that  state  of 
a  normal  school,  and  did  much  to  improve 
the  militia  of  the  state.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  peace  congress  of  1861. 

PRICE,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Aug.  18,  1805,  in  Fauquier  county,  Va. 
He  served  several  terms  in  the  Virginia 
state  legislature;  and  in  1863  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  of  Virginia,  holding 
the  office  until  the  close  of  the  civil  war. 
In  1876  he  was  appointed  United  States 
senator,  serving  about  two  months.  He 
died  Feb.  25,  1884,  in  Leesburg,  Va. 

PRICE,  STERLING,  soldier,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1809, 
in  Prince  Edward  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Missouri 
from  1845  to  1847;  and  was  governor  of 
that  state  from  1853  to  1857.  He  was  iden 
tified  with  the  great  rebellion  of  1861  as 
a  major-general.  He  died  Sept.  29,  1867, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

PRICE,  THEOPHILUS  TOWNSEND, 
physician,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  21, 
1828,  in  Cape  May  county,  N.  J.  Since 
1879  he  has  been  acting  assistant  surgeon 
in  the  United  States  marine  hospital  ser 
vice,  the  first  and  only  appointment  of 
the  kind  in  New  Jersey.  He  has  served 
in  the  New  Jersey  legislature.  He  is  the 
author  of  the  entire  historical  and  de 
scriptive  part  of  the  Historical  and  Bio 
graphical  Atlas  of  the  New  Jersey  Coast. 

PRICE,  THOMAS  LAWSON,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1809,  near  Dan 
ville,  Va.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress.  He  died  July  15,  1870,  in  Lexington, 
Mo. 

PRICE,  THOMAS  RANDOLPH,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  in  1839  in  Virginia. 
He  is  a  professor  of  English  literature  at 
Columbia  college  from  1882;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Teaching  of  the  Mother 
Tongue;  and  Shakespeare's  Verse  Con 
struction. 

PRICE,  TITUS  ELLSWORTH,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1861,  In 
Solon,  Ohio.  For  three  successive  terms 
he  was  city  treasurer  of  Highmore,  S.  D.; 
during  1887-91  was  superintendent  of  pub 
lic  instruction  for  Hyde  county;  and  in 
1891-93  was  state's  attorney  for  the  same 
county.  In  1893  he  was  a  member  of  the 
South  Dakota  house  of  representatives; 
and  in  1895  was  a  delegate  to  the  nation 
al  republican  league  convention  held  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  1895  he  moved  to 
Yankton,  S.  D.,  where  he  is  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law,  and  very  prominent 
in  political  affairs. 

PRICE,  WALTER,  farmer,  politician, 
writer,  was  born  July  19,  1860,  in  Marshall 
county,  Iowa.  He  is  a  successful  farmer 
of  Milford,  S.  D.;  a  writer  on  economic 
questions  from  the  farmer's  standpoint; 
and  for  ten  years  has  been  a  correspond 
ent  of  the  Dakota  Ruralist  and  other  re 
form  papers.  He  has  been  postmaster  of 
his  city,  and  held  various  other  offices; 
has  been  chairman  of  the  county  commit 
tee;  a  member  of  the  state  committee  of 
the  people's  party  of  South  Dakota;  and 
was  the  nominee  for  state  senator  in 
1892. 

PRICE,  WILLIAM  P.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  29, 
1835,  in  Dahlonega,  Ga.  He  practiced  law 
at  Greenville,  S.  C.,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  in  1864-66.  He  re 
turned  to  Georgia  in  1866,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Georgia  in 
1868.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Georgia  to  the  forty-first  congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-second 
congress  as  a  democrat. 


PRICE,  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  19,  1830,  near 
Marlinton,  W.  Va.  He  was  prepared  for 
college  at  the  Hillsboro  academy,  and 
graduated  in  1854  from  Washington  col 
lege,  now  called  the  Washington  and  Lee 
university,  receiving  a  forty-dollar  gold 
medal  as  the  first  honor  graduate.  In 
1857  he  completed  his  theological  studies 
at  the  Union  Theological  seminary,  and 
was  licensed  the  same  year  to  preach. 
His  time  has  since  been  devoted  mainly 
to  the  ministry  of  the  presbyterian  church 
— for  forty  years — twelve  years  as  home 
missionary  in  Bath  and  Highland 
counties,  Va. ;  sixteen  years  as  pastor  in 
Cooke's  Creek  church  in  Rockingham,  Va., 
and  twelve  years  as  pastor  in  Hunters- 
ville  and  Marlinton  churches.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  religious  litera 
ture;  and  is  the  author  of  several  pub 
lished  works. 

PRICE,  WILLIAM  THOMPSON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  17,  1824,  in  Barre  township, 
Pa.  He  was  judge  of  Jackson  county, 
Wis.,  once  by  election  and  once  by  ap 
pointment,  and  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1851  and  1852.  He 
was  a  state  senator  in  1857,  1870,  1871,1878, 
1879,  1880  and  1881.  He  was  collector  of 
internal  revenue  from  1863  to  1865.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Wiscon 
sin  to  the  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth 
congresses.  He  died  Dec.  6,  1886,  in  Eau 
Claire,  Wis. 

PRICKETT,  HENRY  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1829,  in 
England.  He  was  county  judge  of  Jack 
son  county,  Wis.,  from  1856  to  1860,  and 
was  a  representative  in  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1858.  He  settled  in  Idaho  ter 
ritory;  was  a  member  of  the  council  of  the 
territorial  legislature  in  1875,  and  in  1876 
was  appointed  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Idaho,  and  was  reap- 
pointed  in  1880. 

PRICKETT,  JACOB  P.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  May  10,  1836,  in  Benton,  Ind. 
He  is  the  editor  of  the  Albion  New  Era 
of  his  native  state,  and  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  poems. 

PRIDEMORE,  AUBURN  LORENZO, 
soldier,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  27,  1837,  in  Scott 
county,  Va.  He  was  elected  to  the  Vir 
ginia  assembly  in  1865,  but  the  close  of 
the  war  annulled  the  election.  He  prac 
ticed  law  in  Jonesville,  Va.;  was  a  state 
senator  from  1871  to  1875,  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
forty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PRIEST,  HENRY  SAMUEL,  jurist,  was 
born  Feb.  7,  1853,  in  Rails  county,  Mo. 
In  1894  he  was  appointed  United  States 
district  judge  for  the  eastern  district  of 
Missouri. 

PRIEST,  JOSIAH,  author,  was  born 
about  1790  in  New  York.  He  was  a  har 
ness-maker  of  New  York  state,  some  of 
whose  books  were  very  popular.  He  was 
the  author  of  Wonders  of  Nature;  View 
of  the  Millennium;  Stories  of  the  Revo 
lution;  American  Antiquities;  and  Slavery 
in  the  Light  of  History  and  Scripture.  He 
died  about  1850. 

PRIME,  BENJAMIN  YOUNG,  physi 
cian,  author,  poet;  was  born  Dec.  20,  1733, 
in  Huntington,  L.  I.  He  was  a  physician 
of  Huntington,  L.  I.,  who  wrote  patriotic 
verses  during  the  revolutionary  period. 
The  Patriot  Muse,  published  in  1764,  in 
cludes  his  earlier  poems.  Columbia's 
Glory,  or  British  Pride  Humbled,  is  a 
long  poem  printed  in  1791.  He  died  Oct. 
31,  1791,  in  Huntington,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


763 


PRIME,  EDWARD  DORR  GRIFFIN, 
clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  2,  1814,  in  Cambridge,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  presbyterian  clergyman,  who  was  one  of 
the  editors  of  The  New  York  Observer, 
to  which  he  contributed  the  Letters  of 
Eusebius.  He  was  the  author  of  Around 
the  World;  and  Forty  Years  in  the  Turk 
ish  Empire,  or  Memoirs  of  Reverend  Wil 
liam  Goodell.  He  died  April  7,  1891,  in 
New  York. 

PRIME,  FREDERICK,  geologist,  edu 
cator,  was  born  March  1,  1846,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1870  he  was  elected  pro 
fessor  of  mining  and  metallurgy  at  Lafa 
yette,  and  in  1874  he  became  assistant 
geologist  on  the  geological  survey  of 
Pennsylvania,  both  of  which  places  he 
filled  until  1879.  At  the  world's  fair  of 
1876  he  was  judge  of  the  group  on  mining 
and  metallurgy,  filling  the  office  of  secre 
tary  to  the  board. 

PRIME,  FREDERICK  EDWARD,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1829,  in  Italy. 
He  was  promoted  major  in  1863,  brevetted 
lieutenant-colonel  the  following  month  for 
meritorious  services  before  Vicksburg, 
and  colonel  and  brigadier-general  in  1865 
for  gallant  conduct  throughout  the  war. 

PRIME,  NATHANIEL  SCUDDER,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  21,  1785, 
in  Huntington,  L.  I.  He  was  a  presby 
terian  clergyman  of  Newburgh,  N.  Y., 
and  the  author  of  Familiar  Illustration 
of  Christian  Baptism;  and  History  of 
Long  Island.  He  died  March  27,  1856,  in 
Mamaroneck,  N.  Y. 

PRIME,  SAMUEL  IREN^E'US,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
4,  1812,  in  Ballston,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
presbyterian  clergyman,  editor  of  The 
New  York  Observer  for  forty-five  years. 
He  was  the  author  of  Fifteen  Years  of 
Prayer;  Irenaeus  Letters;  The  Old  White 
Meeting-House;  Life  in  New  York;  An 
nals  of  the  English  Bible;  Songs  of  the 
Soul;  Life  of  S.  B.  F.  Morse;  Pray 
er  and  Its  Answer;  Walking  with  God; 
Travels  in  Europe  and  the  East;  The 
Bible  in  the  Levant;  The  Alhambra  and 
the  Kremlin;  and  Under  the  Trees.  He 
died  July  18,  1885,  in  Manchester,  Vt. 

PRIME,  WILLIAM  COWPER,  journal 
ist,  educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  31, 
1825,  in  Cambridge,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  law 
yer  and  journalist,  and  professor  of  the 
history  of  art  at  Princeton  college  from 
1884.  He  is  the  author  of  Boat  Life  in 
Egypt;  Tent  Life  in  the  Holy  Land;  Pot 
tery  and  Porcelain;  The  Owl  Creek  Let 
ters;  Coins,  Medals  and  Seals;  I  Go 
A-Fishing;  Holy  Cross;  Along  New  Eng 
land  Roads;  and  Among  the  Northern 
Hills. 

PRINCE,  CHARLES  H.,  soldier,  public 
official,  congressman,  was  born  May  9, 
1837,  in  Buckfield,  Maine.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Georgia 
to  the  fortieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

PRINCE,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
4,  1854,  in  Tazewell  county,  111.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of 
the  general  assembly  of  Illinois  in  1888, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1890.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  at  a  spe 
cial  election  held  in  1895,  to  fill  a  va 
cancy,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

PRINCE,  MRS.  HELEN  CHOATE 
(PRATT),  author,  was  born  in  1857  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  a  novelist  now  liv 
ing  in  France,  and  the  author  of  The 
Story  of  Christine  Rochefort;  and  A 
Transatlantic  Chatelaine. 

PRINCE,  HENRY,  soldier,  was  born 
June  19,  1811,  in  Eastport,  Maine.  In  the 
civil  war  he  took  part  in  the  northern 


Virginia  campaign,  and  was  made  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers. 

PRINCE,  L.  BRADFORD,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  senator,  governor,  author,  was  born 
July  3,  1840,  in  Flushing,  N.  Y.  In  1871 
he  was  elected  to  the  New  York  assembly 
from  Queens  county;  in  1875  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate;  in  1879  was  elect 
ed  chief  justice  of  New  Mexico;  and  in 
1889  was  elected  governor.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  American  Nationality;  General 
Laws  of  New  Mexico;  History  of  New 
Mexico;  and  The  American  Church  and 
Its  Name. 

PRINCE,  NATHAN,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1698,  in  Sand 
wich,  Mass.  He  took  orders  in  the  Church 
of  England,  and  was  sent  as  a  missionary 
to  the  Mosquito  Indians  in  Central  Amer 
ica.  He  published  an  Essay  to  Solve  the 
Difficulties  Attending  the  Several  Ac 
counts  Given  of  the  Resurrection;  and  an 
Account  of  the  Constitution  and  Govern 
ment  of  Harvard  College  from  1636  to 
1742.  He  died  July  25,  1748,  in  Honduras. 

PRINCE,  OLIVER  HILLHOUSE,  law 
yer,  congressman,  author,  was  born  about 
1787  in  Connecticut.  He  published  a  Di 
gest  of  the  Laws  of  Georgia.  He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  Georgia  dur 
ing  the  years  1828  and  1829.  He  died  Oct. 
9,  1837,  at  sea. 

PRINCE,  THOMAS,  governor,  was  born 
in  1601,  in  England.  He  came  to  America 
on  the  Mayflower;  and  during  1634-38  was 
governor  of  Plymouth  Colony,  and  also 
during  1657-73.  He  died  March  29,  1673, 
in  Plymouth,  Mass. 

PRINCE,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  15,  1687,  in  Sandwich,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  minister,  pastor 
of  the  Old  South  church  in  Boston,  1718- 
58,  and  one  of  the  most  fair-minded,  ac 
curate  historical  writers  that  America  has 
had.  His  library  now  forms  a  separate 
collection  in  the  Boston  public  library. 
He  is  the  author  of  Earthquakes  of  New 
England  (1755);  and  Chronological  His 
tory  of  New  England.  He  died  Oct.  22, 
1758,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

PRINCE,  THOMAS,  editor,  was  born 
Feb.  27,  1722,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  edited 
the  earliest  American  periodical,  which 
was  entitled  Christian  History,  and  con 
tained  accounts  of  the  revival  and  propa 
gation  of  religion  in  Great  Britain  and 
America  for  1743.  He  died  Sept.  30,  1748, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

PRINCE,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  In 
diana  from  1823  to  1824.  He  died  Sept.  8, 
1824,  in  Princeton,  Ind. 

PRINCE,  WILLIAM,  horticulturist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1766,  in  Flush 
ing,  L.  I.  He  was  a  horticulturist  of 
Flushing,  L.  I.,  whose  Treatise  on  Horti 
culture  (1826)  was  the  first  comprehen 
sive  work  on  the  subject  published  in  the 
United  States.  He  died  April  9,  1842,  in 
Flushing,  N.  Y. 

PRINCE,  WILLIAM  ROBERT,  horticul 
turist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1795,  in 
Flushing,  L.  I.  He  was  a  horticulturist 
of  Flushing,  and  the  author  of  History  of 
the  Vine  (with  W.  Prince);  Pomological 
Manual;  and  Manual  of  Roses.  He  died 
March  28,  1869,  in  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

PRINDLE,  ELIZUR  H.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May  6, 
1829,  in  Newton,  Conn.  He  was  district 
attorney  of  Chenango  county,  N.  Y.,  in 
1860-62,  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  as 
sembly  in  1863.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
second  congress  as  a  republican. 


PRINGLE,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1807,  in 
Richfield,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Batavia,  N. 
Y.,  in  1830,  and  attained  success  as  an  able 
lawyer.  He  held  the  office  of  judge  in  the 
court  of  common  pleas,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  thirty-third  and  thirty-fourth 
congresses.  He  served  in  the  assembly  in 
1862,  and  in  1863  was  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  a  judge  under  a  treaty  with 
Great  Britain  for  the  suppression  of  the 
slave  trade.  He  died  June  7,  1887. 

PRINGREY,  DARIUS  HARLAN,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  April  23,  1841,  in 
Andover,  N.  Y.  In  1877  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  the  following  year  began 
the  practice  of  law  at  Bloomington,  111. 
He  is  the  author  of  two  legal  works:' 
Chattel  Mortgages;  and  Mortgages  of 
Real  Property,  in  two  volumes. 

PRITCHARD,  JETER  CONNELLY, 
journalist,  state  legislator,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  July  12,  1857,  in  Jones- 
boro,  Tenn.  He  was  joint  editor  and  own 
er  of  the  Roan  Mountain  Republican  until 
1887,  when  he  removed  to  Marshall,  N.  C. 
He  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1884, 
1886,  and  1890;  was  the  republican  can 
didate  for  lieutenant-governor  in  1888  and 
was  the  republican  caucus  in  1887.  In 
1894  he  became  prominent  in  the  co 
operation  movement  in  North  Carolina, 
and  the  success  of  that  movement  resulted 
in  his  election  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  re-elected 
in  1897  for  term  expiring  March  3,  1903. 

PROCTOR,  EDNA  DEAN,  litterateur, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1838,  in  Henni- 
ker,  N.  H.  She  is  a  writer  formerly  of 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  now  of  South  Framing- 
ham,  Mass.  She  is  the  author  of  Poems; 
A  Russian  Journey;  and  The  Song  of  the 
Ancient  People. 

PROCTOR,  LUCIEN  BROCK,  author, 
was  born  March  6,  1826,  in  Hanover,  N.  H. 
He  is  a  legal  writer  of  Albany,  and  the 
author  of  The  Bench  and  the  Bar  of  the 
State  of  New  York;  Lives  of  the  State 
Chancellors;  Life  of  Thomas  Emmet; 
Lawyer  and  Client;  Bench  and  Bar  of 
King's  County;  and  Legal  History  of  Al 
bany  and  Schenectady  Counties. 

PROCTOR,    REDFIELD,    soldier,    state 
senator,  governor,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  June  1,  1831,  in  Cavendish,  Vt. 
He    served    as    lieu- 
j^0^.  i   tenant  and    quarter 

master  of  the  third 
A  regiment  of  Vermont 
H  volunteers,  and  was 
major  of  the  fifth 
and  colonel  of  the 
fifteenth  Vermont 
regiments.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Ver 
mont  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  1867, 
1868,  and  1888;  was 
a  member  of  the 
state  senate  and  president  pro  tempore 
of  that  body  in  1874  and  1875;  and  was 
lieutenant-governor  from  1876  to  1878  and 
governor  from  1878  to  1880.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  republican  national  con 
ventions  of  1884  and  1888,  and  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  war  by  President 
Harrison  in  1889.  In  1891  he  resigned 
from  the  cabinet  to  accept  the  appoint 
ment  as  United  States  senator,  and  was 
elected  by  the  Vermont  legislature  to  fill 
both  the  unexpired  and  the  full  terms. 
His  term  of  service  will  expire  in  1899. 
During  1869-89  he  was  actively  engaged 
in  the  marble  business;  organized  and 
was  president  of  the  Vermont  Marble 
company,  which  became  the  largest  pro 
ducer  and  manufacturer  of  marble  in 
the  world. 


764 


HKRRINOSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PROCTOR,  THOMAS,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1739  in  Ireland.  In  1793  he  became 
brigadier-general  of  the  Pennsylvania 
troops,  and  marched  against  the  whiskey 
insurgents  at  the  head  of  the  first  bri 
gade.  After  this  he  became  major-gen 
eral  of  the  Philadelphia  militia.  He  died 
March  16,  1806,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PROCTOR,  THOMAS  H.,  manufacturer, 
author,  was  born  March  12,  1842,  in  Mar- 
blehead,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful  shoe 
manufacturer  of  Vineland,  N.  J.,  and  the 
present  head  of  the  populist  party  of 
New  Jersey.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  his  native  city;  took  a 
course  in  a  leading  business  college; 
started  in  the  shoe  manufacturing  busi 
ness  in  1866,  and  removed  to  Vineland 
four  years  later.  He  is  an  able  and  in 
teresting  speaker,  and  an  advocate  of 
woman's  suffrage  and  temperance.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  work  entitled  The  Bank 
er's  Dream,  a  monograph  disguised  as  a 
story. 

PROCTOR,  WILLIAM  LAWRENCE, 
lumber  merchant,  was  born  March  26, 
1837,  in  Washington,  N.  H.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  dis 
trict  schools;  attended  Tubbs'  Union  acad 
emy;  and  finished  with  two  terms  in  the 
New  London  academy.  In  1857  he  worked 
for  his  uncle  at  Burlington,  Vt.,  in  the 
lumber  business;  and  two  years  later 
continued  in  the  same  business  at  Og- 
densburg,  N.  Y.  He  has  filled  all  the  im 
portant  offices  in  that  city,  and  was  its 
mayor  in  1871-74,  and  1884,  and  in  1886; 
and  since  1887  has  been  one  of  the  man 
agers  of  the  St.  Lawrence  State  hospital. 
In  1888  he  was  the  presidential  elector, 
and  cast  nis  vote  for  Benjamin  Harrison 
for  president.  In  3896  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  republican  national  convention; 
and  since  1882  has  been  one  of  the  repub 
lican  state  committeemen.  Since  1882  he 
has  also  been  one  of  the  superintendents 
of  the  poor;  and  trustee  and  president  of 
the  Ogdensburg  cemetery  since  1880.  Since 
1857  he  has  been  respectively,  employee, 
manager,  vice-president  and  president  of 
the  Skillings,  Whitney  and  Barnes  Lum 
ber  company. 

PROFIT,  GEORGE  H.,  diplomat,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Indiana  from  1839  to  1843, 
and  in  1843  was  United  States  minister  to 
Brazil.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1847,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky. 

PROONIE,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  educator, 
chemist,  was  born  June  19,  1866,  in 
Cole's  Creek,  Miss.  He  has  been  a  fellow 
in  chemistry  of  the  university  of  Missis 
sippi,  and  professor  of  natural  sciences 
and  chairman  of  the  faculty  in  the  Mis 
sissippi  college. 

PROSE,  JOSEPH  BENSON,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1856,  in  Patriot, 
Ohio.  He  received  a  liberal  education  in 
the  public  schools,  and  subsequently  at 
tended  the  Ohio  university  for  three  years. 
In  his  early  days  he  was  engaged  in  ed 
ucational  work;  and  is  now  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Kansas  at  Hoisington.  He  is 
attorney  for  the  Missouri  and  Pacific  Rail 
way  company;  and  a  most  successful 
commercial  and  corporation  lawyer. 

PROSSER,  WILLIAM  F.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  16,  1834,  in  Will- 
iamsport,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Tennessee  state  legisla 
ture  in  1867,  and  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  from  Tennessee  to  the  forty-first 
congress  as  a  republican. 

PROUD,  ROBERT,  author,  was  born 
May  10,  1728,  in  England.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  History  of  Pennsylvania  He 
died  July  7,  1813,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


PROUDFIT,  ALEXANDER  MON- 
CRIEF,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
10,  1770,  in  Pequea,  Pa.  He  was  an  as 
sociate  reformed  presbyterian  clergyman, 
and  the  author  of  Discourses  on  the  Par 
ables;  and  Theological  Works.  He  died 
Nov.  23,  1843,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

PROUDFIT,  DAVID  LAW,  soldier, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  27.  1842,  in  New- 
burgh,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  a  union  sol 
dier  during  the  civil  war,  gaining  the  rank 
of  major.  He  afterward  entered  business 
in  New  York  city.  His  poems  have  been 
collected  in  two  volumes  entitled,  Love 
Among  the  Gamins;  and  Mask  and  Dom 
ino.  He  died  in  1897. 

PROUDFIT,  JOHN  WILLIAMS,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  22, 
1803,  in  Salem,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  Dutch 
reformed  clergyman,  professor  of  Greek 
in  Rutgers  college,  1840-64,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Man's  Two-Fold  Life.  He  died 
March  9,  1870,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

PROUTY,  CHARLES  AZRO,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1853,  in 
Newport,  R.  I.  In  1882-86  he  was  state's 
attorney,  and  in  1888  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Rhode  Island  house  of  repre 
sentatives.  In  1896  he  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  inter-state  commerce  com 
mission  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

PRUDDEN,  THEOPHILE  MITCHELL, 
educator,  physician,  author,  was  born  in 
1849  in  Connecticut.  He  is  a  New  York 
physician,  professor  of  pathology  in  the 
college  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and 
the  author  of  Manual  of  Normal  Histology 
(with  Delafield);  Dust  and  Its  Dangers; 
Water  and  Ice;  Handbook  of  Pathological 
Anatomy;  and  Story  of  the  Bacteria. 

PRUD'HOMME,  JOHN  FRANCIS  EU 
GENE,  engraver,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1800, 
in  West  Indies.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
he  essayed  engraving  portraits,  and  pro 
duced  several  fine  plates  for  Longacre 
and  Herring's  National  Portrait  Gallery 
of  Distinguished  Americans.  He  also  en 
graved  some  plates  for  the  annuals  that 
were  fashionable  at  that  time.  He  is  the 
oldest  living  American  engraver. 

PRIIITT,  WILLIAM  MONTCALM,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1866,  in  Meridian- 
ville,  Ala.  He  attended  the  State  Normal 
and  Industrial  school  of  Huntsville,  Ala.; 
and  graduated  from  the  Southland  col 
lege,  Arkansas,  with  the  degree  of  B.  S. 
He  has  attained  success  as  a  teacher  in 
the  public  schools  of  Arkansas,  and  is 
now  principal  of  the  Normal  department 
of  Southland  college. 

PRUYN,  JOHN  VAN  SCHAICK  LAN 
SING,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  22,  1811,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  In  1844  he  was  made  a  member  of 
the  board  of  regents,  and  in  1862  chancel 
lor  of  the  university  of  New  York.  He 
was  a  state  senator  in  1862,  and  at  a  spe 
cial  election  in  1863  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  fortieth  congress.  He 
died  Nov.  21,  1877,  in  Clifton  Springs, 
N.  Y. 

PRUYN,  ISAAC,  lawyer,  banker,  was 
born  Nov.  25,  1816,  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 
He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
Catskill  Mountain  railroad;  and  also 
trustee  and  director  of  several  banking 
and.  railroad  corporations. 

PRYOR,  LUKE,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  July  5,  1820,  in  Madison  county,  Ala. 
In  1845  he  moved  to  Limestone  county, 
Ala.,  and  in  1855  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature.  In  1880 
he  was  appointed  United  States  senator, 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Alabama  to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 


PRYOR,  ROGER  ATKINSON,  soldier, 
legislator,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
July  19,  1828,  near  Petersburg,  Va.  He 
was  a  brigadier-general  in  the  confederate 
army  and  a  member  of  the  confederate 
congress.  He  was  a  member  of  the  thir 
ty-sixth  and  thirty-seventh  congresses, 
special  minister  to  Greece  under  the 
Pierce  administration,  and  judge  of  court 
of  common  pleas  in  New  York  city,  where 
he  was  also  justice  of  the  supreme  court. 

PUFFER,  REUBEN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1756,  in  Sudbury, 
Mass.  In  1781  he  became  pastor  of  the 
congregational  church  in  Berlin,  which 
charge  he  held  till  his  death.  He  pub 
lished  an  election  sermon;  Dudleian  Lec 
ture  at  Harvard;  an  Address;  Convention 
Sermon;  and  Two  Sermons.  He  died 
April  9,  1829,  in  Berlin,  Mass. 

PUGH,  MRS.  ELIZA  LOFTON  (PHIL 
LIPS)— ARRIA— author,  was  born  in  1841 
in  Louisiana.  She  is  a  novelist  of  Assump 
tion  Parish,  La.,  and  the  author  of  Not  a 
Hero;  and  In  a  Crucible. 

PUGH,  EVAN,  chemist,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Feb.  29,  1828,  in  Notting 
ham,  Pa.  In  1859  he  accepted  the  presi 
dency  of  Pennsylvania  Agricultural  col 
lege.  He  at  once  organized  a  new  scheme 
of  instruction,  planned  and  superintend 
ed  the  erection  of  the  college  buildings. 
He  died  April  29,  1864,  in  Bellefontaine, 
Pa. 

PUGH,  GEORGE  ELLIS,  soldier,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  28,  1822,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  Ohio  legislature 
in  1848  and  1849.  He  was  appointed  so 
licitor  of  the  city  of  Cincinnati  in  1850, 
and  was  attorney-general  of  the  state  in 
1851.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  1855  for  six  years.  He  died 
July  19,  1876,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

PUGH,  JAMES  LAWRENCE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Dec.  12,  1820,  in  Burke  county,  Pa. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1848, 
1856,  and  1876,  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Alabama  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  In  1861  he  was  elected  to 
the  confederate  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1863.  He  was  elected  a  United 
States  senator  from  Alabama  in  1885  to 
fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re-elected  in  1884 
and  in  1890. 

PUGH,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1805  to  1809. 

PUGH,  JOHN  HOWARD,  physician, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  June  23, 
1827,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He  moved  to 
Burlington,  N.  J.,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  nis  profession  in  1854.  In  1869 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Mechan 
ics'  National  bank  of  Burlington,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  Jersey 
to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  republi 
can. 

PUGH,  SAMUEL  J.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1850,  in 
Greenup  county,  Ky.  He  has  held  suc 
cessively  the  offices 
of  city  attorney  in 
1872-73;  master  com 
missioner  of  the  cir 
cuit  court  in  1874-80; 
county  attorney  In 
1878-86;  and  county 
judge  in  1886-90.  He 
was  delegate  to  the 
Kentucky  constitu 
tional  convention  in 
1890-91,  and  state 
senator  in  1893-94.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


765 


PUGSLEY,  JACOB  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Dutchess  county, 
N.  Y.  He  served  in  both  branches  of  the 
Ohio  state  legislature.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fiftieth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 
PULITZER,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  lawyer; 
journalist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  April  10,  1847,  in  Hungary.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  Mis 
souri  legislature  in  1869.  In  the  spring  of 
1883  he  bought  the  New  York  World,  of 
which  he  became  the  editor  and  sole  pro 
prietor.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress. 

PULLE,  WILLIAM  ADAMS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1819,  in  Rich 
mond  county,  N.  C.  He  has  been  prose 
cuting  attorney,  judge  of  the  common 
pleas,  and  secretary  of  the  state  of  In 
diana.  He  has  been  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Indiana,  and  resides  in  Cen- 
treville. 

PULLEN,  MRS.  ELISABETH  (JONES) 
(CAVAZZA),  author,  was  born  in  Maine. 
She  is  a  litterateur  of  Portland,  Maine, 
and  the  author  of  Don  Finimondone: 
Calabrian  Sketches. 

PULLMAN,  GEORGE  MORTIMER, 
founder  and  president  of  the  Pullman 
Palace  Car  company,  was  born  March  3, 
1831,  in  Brockton,  N. 
Y.  In  1859  he  set 
tled  in  Chicago  dur 
ing  the  period  when 
the  whole  city  was 
being  lifted  bodily  to 
a  higher  level,  and 
gained  perhaps  $20,- 
000  by  raising  the 
Mattison  house  and 
various  blocks  of 
buildings  and  the 
level  of  certain 
streets  under  con 
tract.  It  was  in  1859  that  the  attention 
of  Mr.  Pullman  was  first  drawn,  by  trav 
eling  in  one  between  Buffalo  and  West- 
field,  to  the  uncomfortable  sleeping  cars 
of  that  day,  then  consisting  of  ordinary 
passenger  cars  with  three  rows  of  bunks 
on  each  side.  After  conversations  on  the 
subject  with  Hon.  Benjamin  Field  of  New 
York  state,  Mr.  Pullman  became  a  partner 
of  Mr.  Field  in  the  operation  of  sleeping 
cars  on  the  Chicago  and  Alton  and  the 
old  Galena  railroads. 

PULLMAN,  JAMES  MINTON,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  21, 
1836,  in  Portland,  N.  Y.  Since  1885  he 
has  been  pastor  of  the  First  Universalist 
church  in  Lynn,  Mass.,  and  he  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Associated  Charities  of  that 
city.  He  edited  the  Christian  Leader 
several  years,  and  has  published  reviews 
and  lectures. 

PULTE,  JOSEPH  HIPPOLYT,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1811,  in 
Germany.  He  was  a  physician  of  Cleve 
land,  and  the  author  of  The  Homeopathic 
Domestic  Physician;  The  Science  of  Med 
icine;  and  The  Woman's  Medical  Guide. 
He  died  Feb.  24,  1884,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
PUMPELLY,  MRS.  MARY  HOLLEN- 
BACK  (WELLES),  poet,  was  born  May  6, 
1803,  in  Athens,  Pa.  She  was  a  verse- 
'  writer  whose  religious  historical  poe'ms 
were  collected  in  a  volume  in  1852.  She 
died  in  1879. 

PUMPELLY,  RAPHAEL,  educator,  ge 
ologist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1837,  in 
Owego,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  geologist  of  note, 
professor  of  mining  engineering  at  Har 
vard  university  from  1866,  and  the  author 
of  Geological  Researches  in  China;  Across 
America  and  Asia;  and  Notes  of  a  Five- 
Years'  Journey  Around  the  World. 


PUNCHARD,  GEORGE,  journalist,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  7,  1806,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  journalist, 
for  many  years  editor  of  The  Traveller, 
but  who,  prior  to  1845,  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  in  New  Hampshire.  He 
was  the  author  of  History  of  Congrega 
tionalism  from  A.  D.  250;  and  View  of 
Congregationalism.  He  died  April  2,  1880, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

PURGE,  CHARLES  LEE,  clergyman, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  July 
4,  1856,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  pub 
lic,  private  and  high 
schools  of  his  native 
city;  attended  the 
Benedict  college  of 
Columbia,  S.  C.,  the 
Richmond  Theologi 
cal  seminary,  and 
correspondence  cour 
ses  in  Greek  and  He 
brew  at  Chicago,  111. 
He  has  attained  emi 
nence  as  a  baptist 
clergyman,  and  has  filled  pastorates  in 
South  Carolina,  Alabama  and  Louisville, 
Ky.  For  two  years  he  filled  the  chair 
of  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  Selma  univer 
sity,  Ala.;  and  for  eight  years  was  its 
president.  He  has  been  the  general  mis 
sionary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  society  of  New  York  for  Alabama, 
and  is  now  the  president  of  the  State  uni- 
versily  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

PURCELL,  JOHN  BAPTIST,  archbish 
op,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1800,  in  Ireland. 
In  1828  he  became  president  of  St.  Mary's 
college  of  Emmettsburg,  Md.  In  1850  he 
was  made  a  Roman  catholic  archbishop 
at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  died  July  4,  1883, 
in  Brown  county,  Ohio. 

PURDON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legislat 
or,  was  born  in  1784  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  served  in  the  Pennsylvania  legislature, 
and  was  active  in  public  affairs.  He  pub 
lished  an  Abridgement  of  the  Laws  of 
Pennsylvania  from  1700.  He  died  Oct.  3, 
1835,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

PURDY,  SMITH  M.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1845. 

PURDY,  TRUMAN  H.,  educator,  lawyer, 
legislator,  poet,  was  born  June  26,  1830,  in 
Wayne  county,  Pa.  In  his  youth  he  taught 
school,  and  for  ten 
years  was  a  newspa 
per  editor.  For  two 
terms  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  state  legis 
lature.  He  has  at 
tained  success  in  the 
practice  of  law  at 
Sunbury,  Pa.,  deals 
in  real  estate,  and  is 
connected  with  sev 
eral  manufacturing 
enterprises.  He  is  the  author  of  three 
volumes  of  poems,  entitled  Doubter,  Le 
gends  of  the  Susquehanna;  and  The  Inn 
at  Orr;  and  has  contributed  extensively 
to  current  literature. 

PURIFOY,  JOHN,  jurist,  legislator,  was 
born  March  21,  1842,  in  Dallas  county, 
Ala.  He  served  one  term  as  probate  judge 
of  Wilcox  county,  Ala.;  in  1890  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives;  and  in  1892  became  state  auditor 
of  Alabama. 

PURINTON,  DANIEL  BOARDMAN,  ed 
ucator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  15,  1850,  in  Reno,  Va.  He  received 
a  thorough  education  at  George's  Creek 


academy,  Pennsylvania,  and  the  university 
of  West  Virginia.  He  was  instructor  in 
Latin  and  Greek  during  1873-78  in  the 
West  Virginia  university;  professor  of 
logic  in  1878-80;  professor  of  mathematics 
during  1880-85;  of  metaphysics  during 
1885-89;  and  during  1881-89  was  vice-presi 
dent  and  acting  president  of  that  insti 
tution.  He  has  been  councilman  and 
mayor  of  Morgantown,  W.  Va.  Since 
1890  he  has  been  president  of  the  Denison 
university  of  Granville,  Ohio.  He  is  the 
author  of  Christian  Theism;  and  some 
forty  pieces  of  published  sacred  music, 
including  words. 

PURMAN,  WILLIAM  J.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  April  11, 
1840,  in  Centre  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention 
of  Florida  in  1868,  and  soon  after  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate.  He  was  secre 
tary  of  state  in  1868;  was  judge  of  Jack 
son  county  court  in  1868;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1869.  He  was  assessor  of  Unit 
ed  States  internal  revenue  for  Florida  in 
1870,  and  was  chairman  of  the  republican 
state  executive  committee  in  1872.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Florida 
to  the  forty-third  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

PURPLE,  EDWIN  RUTHVEN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  June  30,  1831,  in 
Sherburne,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he  discovered, 
in  connection  with  John  White  and  five 
others,  the  first  gold  in  Montana,  on  Wil- 
lard's  creek,  a  tributary  of  Beaver  Head 
river.  He  contributed  to  the  New  York 
Genealogical  and  Biographical  Record, 
and  published  a  Genealogy,  rie  died  Jan. 
20,  1879,  in  New  York  city. 

PURPLE,  NORMAN  HIGGINS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  March  29,  1808,  in 
Exeter,  N.  ^ .  In  1840-42  he  was  state's 
attorney  for  the  ninth  judicial  circuit  of 
Illinois,  and  from  1845  till  1848  he  was 
associate  judge  of  the  supreme  court.  He 
published  Statutes  of  Illinois  Relating  to 
Real  Estate;  and  A  Compilation  of  the 
Statutes  of  Illinois  of  a  General  Nature  in 
Force  Jan.  1,  1856.  These  works  were 
adopted  by  the  general  assembly.  He  died 
Aug.  9,  1863,  in  Chicago,  111. 

PURPLE.  SAMUEL  SMITH,  physician, 
author,  was  born  June  24,  1822,  in  Leba 
non,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  physician  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  The  Corpus  Lu- 
teum;  Menstruation;  Contributions  to  the 
Practice  of  Midwifery;  and  Observations 
on  Wounds  of  the  Heart. 

PURSE,  DANIEL  GUGEL,  merchant, 
capitalist,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1839,  in  Sa 
vannah,  Ga.  After  teaching  school  for  a 
while,  he  entered  commercial  life  in  Sa 
vannah.  During  the  civil  war  he  served 
in  the  confederate  army,  and  gained  the 
rank  of  captain  of  infantry  attached  to- 
the  engineer  corps.  Previous  to  1885  he 
was  a  prominent  dealer  in  fertilizers  and 
coal,  which  enabled  him  to  amass  a  large 
fortune.  Among  his  greatest  achieve 
ments  are  the  development  of  Tybee  Isl 
and,  almost  a  sand  desert,  into  a  popular 
summer  resort;  the  construction  of  the 
Savannah  and  Tybee  railroad  over  large 
reaches  of  salt  marsh,  and  the  introduc 
tion  into  Savannah  of  both  artesian  wells 
and  electric  lights. 

PURVES,  GEORGE  TYBOUT,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1852  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman,  professor  of  New  Testament  liter 
ature  at  Princeton  college  from  1892,  and 
the  author  of  The  Testimony  of  Justin 
Martyr  to  Early  Christianity. 

PURVIANCE,  SAMUEL  A.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1809,  in 
Butler,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative  from- 
Pennsylvania  in  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 


766 


HBRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


PURVIANCE,  SAMUEL  D.(  congress 
man.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1803  to  1805. 

PURVIS,  ROBERT,  abolitionist,  was 
born  Aug.  4,  1810,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In 
1833  he  was  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia 
convention,  which  formed  the  American 
Anti-Slavery  society;  and  was  its  vice- 
president  for  many  years.  His  house  was 
a  well-known  station  on  the  underground 
railroad,  and  his  carriages  were  always 
at  the  service  of  fugitive  slaves. 

PURYEAR,  RICHARD  C.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  9,  1801,  in  Mecklenburg,  Va.  He 
moved  to  North  Carolina,  and  was  elected 
a  representative  in  the  legislature  of  that 
state.  In  1840  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate,  and  in  1844,  1846,  and  1852  was 
again  elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the 
legislature.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1853 
to  1857.  He  took  part  in  the  rebellion  of 
1861  as  a  member  of  the  confederate  con 
gress. 

PUSEY,  CHARLES  J.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  April  14,  1837,  in  Chester 
county,  Pa.  In  1892  he  became  president 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  Railway  company, 
and  in  1893  also  became  president  of  the 
Brockville  and  New  York  Bridge  com 
pany  of  Canada. 

PUSEY,  WILLIAM  H.  M.,  banker,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  29,  1826,  in 
Washington  county,  Pa.  He  is  a  private 
banker,  was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  state 
senate  during  1858-62,  and  was  elected  to 
the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

PUTMAN,  GEORGE  I.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  24,  1860,  in  Napa- 
nock,  N.  Y.%  He  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Advocate  of  Claremont,  N.  H.,  and 
the  author  of  two  army  novels  entitled 
In  Blue  Uniform;  and  On  the  Offensive. 

PUTNAM,  ALBIGENCE  WALDO,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  March  11,  1799,  in 
Marietta,  Ohio.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Nashville,  and  the  author  of  History  of 
Middle  Tennessee;  Life  and  Times  of 
General  James  Robertson;  and  Life  of 
General  John  Sevier.  He  died  Jan.  20, 
1869,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

PUTNAM,  DOUGLAS,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1838,  in  Ohio. 
Since  1890  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Ashland  Coal  and  Iron  railway. 

PUTNAM,  FREDERIC  WARD,  cura-  . 
tor,  was  born  April  16,  1839,  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  a  direct  descendant  of  John  Put 
nam,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Salem. 
He  has  for  many  years  been  professor  of 
archaeology  and  ethnology  in  the  Har 
vard  university;  curator  of  the  Peabody 
museum,  and  curator  of  anthropology  in 
the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History 
in  New  York  city.  During  the  past  thir 
ty-three  years  he  has  been  engaged  in 
exploration  and  in  directing  the  explora 
tions  of  his  students  and  assistants,  in 
North,  Central  and  South  America.  He 
is  the  author  of  over  three  hundred  sci 
entific  papers.  He  received  the  degree  of 
master  of  arts  from  Williams  college,  and 
the  degree  of  doctor  of  science  from  the 
university  of  Pennsylvania. 

PUTNAM,  GEORGE  F.,  banker,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1841,  in  Croydon, 
N.  H.  In  1867,  1870-72  he  was  a  member 
of  the  New  Hampshire  legislature,  and  in 
1892  he  became  president  of  the  Ameri 
can  National  bank  of  Kansas  City. 

PUTNAM,  GEORGE  HAVEN,  soldier, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  April  2,  1844, 
in  London,  England.  He  served  as  a  sol 
dier  during  the  civil  war,  and  was  mus 
tered  out  as  brevet-major  in  1865.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons,  the  great  book  publishers  of  New 


York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  Authors 
and  Publishers;  International  Copyright; 
and  Authors  and  Their  Public  in  Ancient 
Times. 

PUTNAM,  GEORGE  PALMER,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1814,  in 
Brunswick,  Maine.  He  was  a  well-known 
publisher  of  New  York  city,  the  founder 
of  the  present  publishing  house  of  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Tourist  in  Europe;  American  Facts; 
and  The  World's  Progress.  He  died  Dec. 
20,  1872,  in  New  York  city. 

PUTNAM,  GIDEON,  founder,  was  born 
in  1764,  in  Button,  Mass.  He  moved  to 
Saratoga;  and  his  first  child  was  the  first 
white  child  born  in  that  city.  In  1802  he 
built  and  conducted  the  first  hotel,  which 
is  now  the  Grand  Union  hotel.  He  be 
came  the  founder  of  Saratoga  Springs., 
where  he  died  Dec.  1,  1812. 

PUTNAM,  HARVEY,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman.  He  was  a  leading 
member  of  the  bar  of  Genesee  county,  N. 
Y. ;  was  several  times  a  member  of  the 
New  York  legislature;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1847  to  1851.  He  died  Sept.  21,  1855, 
in  Attica,  N.  Y. 

PUTNAM,  HOLDEN  ADELMORE,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1859,  in  Hinck- 
ley,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  Hillsdale  college  and  the  Union  The 
ological  seminary.  He  has  been  pastor  of 
the  First  Congregational  churches  of  Tip- 
ton,  Ypsilanti,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  and  since 
1893  has  filled  a  pastorate  in  Hudson, 
Mich. 

PUTNAM,  ISRAEL,  soldier,  was  born 
Jan.  7,  1718,  -in  Salem,  Mass.  He  distin 
guished  himself  during  the  French  and 
Indian  war  by  his  reckless  courage,  and 
was  particularly  noted  for  his  bravery  at 
the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  He  died  May 
19,  1790,  in  Brooklyn,  Conn. 

PUTNAM,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1725  in  Danvers,  Mass.  On  the 
organization  of  the  government  of  the 
province  of  New  Brunswick  in  1783,  he 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  royal 
council  and  a  judge  of  the  superior  court. 
He  died  Oct.  23,  1789,  in  New  Brunswick, 
Maine. 

PUTNAM,  JAMES  OSBORNE,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  July  4,  1818,  in' Attica,  N.  Y.  He 
represented  the  Buffalo  district  in  the 
state  senate  of  New  York  in  1854  and  1855. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector-at-large  in 
1860,  and  was  United  States  consul  at 
Havre,  France,  from  1861-66.  He  was  Uni 
ted  States  minister  to  Belgium  from  1860  to 
July,  1862,  and  was  the  United  States  del 
egate  to  the  international  property  con 
gress  held  in  Paris,  France,  in  1880.  He 
wrote  a  volume  of  his  Addresses  and  Mis 
cellanies,  which  was  published  in  1880. 

PUTNAM,  MRS.  KATHARINE  HUNT 
(PALMER),  author,  was  born  March  1, 
1792,  in  Framingham,  Mass.  She  was  a 
Boston  writer,  and  the  author  of  Scripture 
Text  Book;  and  The  Old  Testament  Un 
veiled.  She  died  Jan.  8,  1869,  in  New 
York  city. 

PUTNAM,  MRS.  MARY  (LOWELL), 
author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1810,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  She  is  a  life-long  resident  of 
Boston,  and  the  author  of  Fifteen  Days; 
History  of  the  Court  of  Hungary;  Rec 
ords  of  an  Obscure  Man;  Tragedy  of 
Errors;  and  Tragedy  of  Success. 

PUTNAM,  RUFUS,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  April  9,  1738,  in  Button, 
Mass.  In  1783  he  was  made  brigadier- 
general;  was  aid  to  General  Lincoln  dur 
ing  Shay's  rebellion;  and  in  1778  was  su 
perintendent  of  the  Ohio  company,  and 
founded  Marietta,  Ohio.  In  1789  he  was 


judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  northwest 
territory;  in  1792  was  brigadier-general  of 
Wayne's  army;  and  in  1793,  as  United 
States  commissioner,  concluded  an  im 
portant  treaty  with  eight  tribes  of  In 
dians  at  Vincennes,  Ind.  From  1793  to 
1803  he  was  United  States  surveyor-gen 
eral,  and  was  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention  of  Ohio.  He  died  May 
1,  1824,  in  Marietta,  Ohio. 

PUTNAM,  RUTH,  author.  She  is  the 
author  of  Life  of  William  the  Silent. 

PUTNAM,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  13,  1768,  in 
Danvers,  Mass.  He  soon  attained  high 
rank  at  the  Essex  county  bar,  and  repre 
sented  that  county  in  the  state  senate  in 
1808-14,  and  in  the  legislature  in  1812. 
From  1814  till  1842  he  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Massachusetts.  He  died 
July  3,  1853,  in  Somerville,  Mass. 

PUTNAM,  MRS.  SARAH  A.  BROCK, 
author,  was  born  in  1845  in  Madison  Court 
House,  Va.  She  is  a  writer  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  Richmond  During 
the  War;  The  Southern  Amaranth;  Ken 
neth,  My  King;  and  Myra,  a  novel. 

PUTNEY,  FRANK  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1841  in  Rockford,  111. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  a  member  of 
the  twelfth  Wisconsin  infantry.  He  has 
served  a  term  as  county  judge  of  Wau- 
kesha  county,  and  as  postmaster  of  Wau- 
kesha. 

PYLE,  HOWARD,  artist,  author,  was 
born  March  5,  1853,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 
He  is  an  artist  and  litterateur  of  Wil 
mington,  Del.,  and  the  author  of  The  Mer- 
rie  Adventures  of  Robin  Hood;  Within 
the  Capes,  a  novel;  Otto  of  the  Silver 
Hand;  Twilight  Land;  The  Garden  Be 
hind  the  Moon;  Pepper  and  Salt,  or  Sea 
soning  for  Young  Folk;  A  Modern  Alad 
din;  The  Rose  of  Paradise;  Men  of  Iron, 
a  romance  of  chivalry;  and  Jack  Ballis- 
ter's  Fortunes. 

PYNCHON,  THOMAS  RUGGLES,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  college  president,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1823  in  Connecticut.  He 
is  an  episcopal  clergyman  and  educator, 
president  of  Trinity  college  in  1874-83, 
and  professor  of  chemistry  there,  and  the 
author  of  Bishop  Butler:  a  Religious  Phil 
osopher  for  All  Time;  and  Introduction  to 
Chemical  Physics. 

PYNCHON,  WILLIAM,  author,  was 
born  in  1590  in  England.  He  was 
a  noted  colonist  of  New  England  who 
founded  the  town  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  In 
1636.  In  1652  he  returned  to  England. 
The  Meritorious  Price  of  Our  Redemption, 
first  published  in  1650,  excited  a  storm 
of  controversy,  and  was  publicly  burned 
on  Boston  Common  as  an  heretical  book. 
It  was  reprinted  in  1655  as  The  Meritori 
ous  Price  of  Man's  Redemption,  or  Christ's 
Satisfaction  Discussed  and  Explained, 
with  a  rejoinder  to  Rev.  John  Norton's 
Answer;  The  Jewish  Synagogue;  How  the 
First  Sabbath  was  Ordained;  and  The 
Covenant  of  Nature  made  with  Adam,  tie 
died  in  1662. 

QUACKENBOS,  GEORGE  PAYN,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1826,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  an  educator  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  School 
History  of  the  United  States;  Natural 
Philosophy;  a  series  of  English  gram 
mars;  and  An  Advanced  Course  of  Rhe 
toric.  He  died  July  24,  IsSl,  in  Merri- 
mack  county,  N.  Y. 

QUACKENBOS,  JOHN  DUNCAN,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  April  22,  1848, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  an  adjunct 
professor  of  English  literature  at  Colum 
bia  college  from  1884,  and  the  author  of 
Illustrated  History  of  the  World;  History 
of  the  English  Language;  History  of  An 
cient  Literature;  and  Practical  Rhetoric. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


767 


QUACKENBUSH,  JOHN  A.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1828,  in 
Schaghticoke,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly  from 
the  second  district  of  Rensselaer  county 
in  the  fall  of  1862;  and  was  elected  sheriff 
of  Rensselaer  county  in  the  fall  of  1873, 
and  served  three  years.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

QUACKENBUSH,  NATHAN  KICK,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  April  4,  1837,  in  New 
York  city.  He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  city,  and  graduated  from  the  St. 
Lawrence  university  of  Canton,  N.  Y.  He 
has  attained  success  as  one  of  the  fore 
most  clergymen  of  the  universalist 
church;  filled  a  pastorate  for  six  years 
in  Benton  Harbor,  Mich.,  and  since  1892 
has  filled  a  pastorate  in  Plain  City,  Ohio. 
He  contributes  extensively  to  current  lit 
erature  on  religious  and  educational 
topics. 

QUACKENBUSH,  STEPHEN  PLATT, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1823,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  During  the  civil  war  he 
attained  the  rank  of  commodore.  He  died 
Feb.  4,  1890,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

QUALTROUGH,  EDWARD  F.,  naval 
officer,  author,  was  born  in  1850  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  United  States  naval  offi 
cer  who  has  published  The  Sailor's  Handy 
Book  and  Yachtsman's  Manual;  and  The 
Boat  Sailor's  Manual. 

QUARLES,  GREENFIELD,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  April  1,  1847,  in  Chris 
tian  county,  Ky.  In  1879  and  in  1881  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Arkansas  house  of 
representatives;  filled  the  same  position 
in  1895,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  state 
senate.  In  1884-86  he  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  the  first  district  of  his  state. 

QUARLES,  JAMES  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1823,  in  Louisa 
county,  Va.  In  1846  he  became  attorney- 
general  of  the  tenth  district  of  Tennessee; 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1851.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Tennes 
see  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

QUARLES,  TUNSTALL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1817  to  1820;  and  was  subsequently 
receiver  of  public  moneys  at  Cape  Girar- 
deau,  Mo. 

QUARTER,  WILLIAM,  bishop,  was 
born  Jan.  24,  1806,  in  Ireland.  In  1844 
he  was  consecrated  first  Roman  catholic 
bishop  of  Chicago,  and  completed  the 
Chicago  cathedral  from  his  own  resources. 
He  died  April  10,  1848,  in  Chicago,  111. 

QUARTLEY,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
engraver,  was  bora  July  5,  1808,  in  Eng 
land.  His  best-known  work  is  in  Pictur 
esque  America;  and  Picturesque  Europe. 
He  also  painted  with  some  success. 
Among  his  pictures  are  Niagara  Falls; 
Butter-Milk  Falls;  and  Catskill  Falls. 
He  died  April  5,  1874,  in  New  York  city. 

QUAY,  MATTHEW  STANLEY,  soldier, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  30, 
1833,  in  Dillsburg,  Pa.  He  was  military  sec 
retary  to  the  governor  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1861-65,  and  was  a  member  of  the  legislat 
ure  in  1865-67.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
commonwealth  in  1871-78;  was  recorder  of 
the  city  of  Philadelphia,  and  chairman 
of  the  republican  state  committee  in  1878- 
79;  was  secretary  of  the  commonwealth 
in  1879-82,  and  was  delegate-at-large  to 
the  republican  national  conventions  of 
1872,  1876  and  1880.  He  was  elected  state 
treasurer  in  1885.  He  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  as  a  republican,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1893. 

QUAYLE,  ALBERT  JOHNSON,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  14,  1872,  in  Moberly,  Mo. 


He  graduated  from  the  State  university 
of  Columbia,  Mo.,  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  able  lawyer  in  the  place  of  his 
nativity,  where  he  takes  an  active  part 
in  public  affairs. 

QUAYLE,  WILLIAM  ALFRED,  college 
president,  was  born  June  25, 1860,  in  Park- 
ville,  Mo.  In  1890  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  Baker  university,  Kan.,  which 
position  he  still  holds. 

QUEEN,  WALTER  W.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Oct.  6,  1824,  in  Washington,  D. 
C.  He  served  with  distinction  through  the 
Mexican  war,  and  during  the  civil  war  be 
came  a  commander.  He  was  commis 
sioned  captain  in  1874;  commodore  in 
1883;  and  rear-admiral  in  1886. 

QUICK,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1822,  in 
New  York  city.  He  edited  The  Epis 
copal  Recorder  in  1866-81;  The  Chris 
tian  Woman  in  1885,  and  the  works  of 
Ezekiel  Hopkins;  Righteousness  by  Faith, 
by  Charles  P.  Mcllvaine,  and  the  works 
of  John  Owen. 

QUIGG,  LEMUEL  E.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1863,  in  Cecil 
county,  Md.  He  is  by  profession  a  jour 
nalist;  was  a  member  of  the  editorial 
staff  of  the  New  York  Tribune  for  ten 
years,  and  subsequently  editor  in  chief  'of 
the  New  York  Press.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses, 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

QUILLIN,  LEMUEL  ABNER,  merchant, 
actor,  was  born  June  12,  1849,  in  Syra 
cuse,  Ohio.  For  many  years  he  was  con 
nected  with  a  circus,  and  has  traveled  all 
over  the  world  several  times.  He  is 
now  a  successful  merchant  of  North 
Branch,  Minn.,  and  proprietor  of  Quil- 
lin's  Opera  house.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  songs,  and  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  periodical  literature. 

QUIMBY,  ISAAC  NEWTON,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1831,  near 
Basking  Ridge,  N.  J.  For  many  years  he 
was  engaged  in  the  flour  and  milling  busi 
ness  at  Somerville  and  Zanesville,  Ohio. 
In  1859  he  graduated  in  medicine;  and 
during  the  war  served  as  a  volunteer  sur 
geon  with  General  McClellan's  forces.  In 
1866-68  he  was  a  lecturer  in  the  univer 
sity  Medical  college  of  New  York  city. 
He  was  the  originator  of  Christ's  hospital 
in  1868,  and  was  surgeon  to  the  same 
until  1873.  He  is  also  one  of  the  at 
tending  surgeons  of  the  city  hospital 
of  Jersey  City.  He  is  the  author  of  val 
uable  papers  on  medical  subjects,  and  a 
member  of  the  leading  medical  bodies  of 
Europe  and  America. 

QUIMBY,  ISAIAH  W.,  educator,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  May  5,  1837,  near 
Oakland,  Ohio.  He  has  served  two  terms 
of  two  years  each  in  the  Ohio  state  leg 
islature;  and  under  the  Harrison  admin 
istration  was  special  examiner  in  pen 
sion  bureau,  and  in  board  of  pension  ap 
peals. 

QUIMBY,  LUCY  HILL,  philanthropist, 
educator,  writer,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1849, 
in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  In  1864  she  founded 
the  Misses  Calvin's  school  in  Rochester; 
and  in  1866  was  married  to  Captain  W. 
M.  Quimby,  who  died  ten  years  later.  For 
the  past  twenty  years  she  has  been  prin 
cipal  of  the  Nausemond  seminary  of  Suf 
folk,  Va.;  has  introduced  modern  meth 
ods  and  modern  text  books  in  the  normal 
schools  of  Virginia,  and  has  contributed 
extensively  to  educational  literature. 

QUIN,  MINNIE,  educator,  poet,  was 
born  in  December,  1867,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 
She  is  a  successful  educator  in  her  na 
tive  city,  and  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  May  Blossoms. 


QUINBY,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1810, 
in  Westbrook,  Maine.  He  was  a  univer 
salist  clergyman  in  Maine  and  Ohio,  and 
the  author  of  The  Salvation  of  Christ; 
Brief  Exposition  of  Universalism;  Mar 
riage  and  Its  Duties;  The  Gallows,  the 
Prison,  and  the  Poor  House;  and  Heaven 
Our  Home.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1884,  in 
Augusta,  Maine. 

QUINBY,  WILLIAM  EMORY,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1835,  in  Brewer, 
Maine.  In  1863  he  was  made  managing 
editor  of  the  Detroit  Free  Press,  and  ir 
1872  became  its  owner. 

QUINCY,  ABRAHAM  HOWARD,  mer 
chant,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Novem 
ber,  1767,  in  Boston.  In  1808  his  interest 
in  the  disputes  with  Great  Britain  led  him 
into  the  field  of  journalism,  and  that  year 
published  the  first  number  of  a  weekly 
paper  entitled  the  Columbian  Detector. 
In  1809  it  was  published  twice  a  week. 
It  was  afterward  merged  in  the  Boston 
Patriot.  From  1828  to  1832  he  lived  at 
Eastport,  Maine,  where  for  a  short  time 
he  edited  the  Northern  Light.  He  died 
Sept.  11,  1840,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

QUINCY,  EDMUND,  statesman,  was 
born  Oct.  24,  1681,  in  Quincy,  Mass.  He 
was  a  statesman  in  the  colonial  times. 
He  was  the  ancestor  of  a  very  distin 
guished  line  of  Massachusetts  statesmen. 
He  died  Feb.  23,  1738,  in  London,  England. 
QUINCY,  EDMUND,  merchant,  author, 
was  born  in  1703  in  Braintree,  Mass.  He 
was  a  Boston  merchant  who  wrote  a 
Treatise  on  Hemp  Husbandry.  He  died 
in  1788. 

QUINCY,  EDMUND,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  1,  1808,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a 
Boston  writer  whose  literary  fame  was 
hardly  proportioned  to  his  deserts;  and 
the  author  of  Wensley,  and  Other  Sto 
ries;  The  Haunted  Adjutant,  and  Other 
Stories;  and  Life  of  President  Josiah 
Quincy.  He  died  May  17,  1877,  in  De3- 
ham,  Mass. 

QUINCY,  JOSIAH,  patriot,  was  born  in 
1709,  in  Braintree,  Mass.  In  1775  he  was 
one  of  the  commissioners  to  treat  with 
New  York  as  to  military  defences  against 
the  French.  He  died  in  1784. 

QUINCY  JOSIAH,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  23,  1744,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  famous  Boston  lawyer  and  patriot, 
and  very  prominent  at  the  opening  of  the 
revolutionary  period.  He  was  the  author 
of  Observations  on  the  Boston  Port  Bill. 
He  died  at  sea  April  26,  1775,  near  Glou 
cester,  Mass. 

QUINCY,  JOSIAH,  lawyer,  jurist,  col 
lege  president,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1772,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1804  he  was  chosen  a  represent 
ative  from  Massachusetts  in  the  congress 
of  the  United  States,  and  held  that  posi 
tion  eight  successive  years.  He  was  cho 
sen  state  senator  for  Suffolk  from  1814 
to  1821,  was  a  representative  from 
Boston,  and  was  speaker  of  the  house  in 
1820.  He  was  judge  of  the  municipal 
court  in  Boston  in  1821  and  1822.  He  was 
mayor  of  Boston  in  1823,  and  held  the 
office  of  mayor  six  successive  years.  In 
1829  he  was  chosen  president  of  Harvard 
university,  and  -held  that  office  until  his 
resignation  in  1845.  His  published  works 
are  Speeches  in  Congress,  and  Orations 
on  Various  Occasions;  Memoir  of  Josiah 
Quincy,  Jr.,  of  Massachusetts;  Centen 
nial  Address  on  the  Two  Hundredth  An 
niversary  of  the  Settlement  of  Boston; 
A  History  of  Harvard  University  from 
1636  to  1836;  Memoir  of  James  Grahame, 
Historian  of  the  United  States  Army; 
Memoir  of  Major  Samuel  Shaw;  History 
of  the  Boston  Athenaeum;  and  other 
works.  He  died  July  1,  1864,  in  Quincy, 
Mass. 


768 


HKHR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


QUINCY,  JOSIAH,  state  senator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1802,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  the  fourth  mayor  of  Bos 
ton  in  1845-49;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  senate.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  work  entitled  Figures  of  the 
Past.  He  died  Nov.  2,  1882,  in  Quincy, 
Mass. 

QUINCY,  JOSIAH  PHILLIPS,  littera 
teur,  author,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1829,  In 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  litterateur  of  Bos 
ton,  and  the  author  of  Charicles,  a  drama; 
Lyteria,  a  drama;  The  Peckster  Profes 
sorship,  a  Story;  and  The  Protection  of 
Majorities,  and  Other  Papers. 

QUINCY,  SAMUEL  MILLER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1833  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  lawyer  who 
served  in  the  federal  army  during  the 
civil  war,  and  the  author  of  The  Man 
Who  Was  Not  a  Colonel;  and  A  Prisoner's 
Diary.  He  died  in  1887. 

QUINLAN,  JOHN,  bishop,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1826,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  nominated  for  the  diocese  of  Mo 
bile,  and  he  was  consecrated  bishop  in 
1859.  He  died  March  9,  1883,  in  New  Or 
leans,  La. 

QUINN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  banker,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 
9,  1839,  in  Ireland.  He  is  president  of  the 
West  Side  Electric 
Light  and  Power 
company,  and  a  di 
rector  in  the  Home 
stead  bank  of  New 
York,  being  one  of 
the  founders  of  the 
bank.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature 
in  1882,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  board 
of  aldermen  for  the 
years  1885-87;  was  a 
delegate  to  the  dem 
ocratic  national  convention  at  Chicago 
in  1884,  and  to  St.  Louis  in  1888.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
democrat.  He  is  now  commissioner  of 
appraisal  for  the  taking  of  lands  for  water 
reservoir  purposes  for  the  city  of  New 
York,  of  which  commission  he  is  chair 
man. 

QUINN,  TERENCE  J.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1836,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  we  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1874,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-fifth  congress.  He  died  June 
18,  1878. 

QUINNEY,  WILLIAM  RUTHERFORD, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1861, 
in  Union  county,  Ark.  In  1888  he  was 
elected  to  the  house  of  representatives  of 
Arkansas;  received  the  re-election  two 
years  later;  and  in  1892  became  a  member 
of  the  state  senate. 

QUINT,  ALONZO  HALL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  March  22,  1828,  in 
Barnstead,  N.  H.  He  was  a  prominent 
congregational  clergyman  of  Boston,  and 
the  author  of  The  Potomac  and  the  Rapi- 
dan,  or  Army  Notes;  and  Records  of  the 
Second  Massachusetts  Infantry,  1861-65. 

QUINTARD,  CHARLES  TODD,  bishop 
of  Tennessee,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1824,  in 
Stamford,  Conn.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  war  he  was  elected  chaplain  of  the 
first  Tennessee  regiment,  and  he  served 
throughout  the  war,  being  frequently 
called  upon  to  exercise  his  medical  knowl 
edge  as  physician  and  surgeon.  The  uni 
versity  of  the  South  was  entirely  swept 
away  by  the  war,  nothing  being  left  but 
its  landed  estate  of  10,000  acres.  Bishop 
Quintard  re-established  the  university  on 
a  sound  financial  basis,  and  was  its  first 
vice-chancellor. 


QUINTARD,  GEORGE  WILLIAM, 
manufacturer,  president  and  director  of 
corporations,  was  born  April  22,  1822,  in 
Stamford,  Conn.  In 
1867  he  sold  the  Mor 
gan  Iron  works  in 
order  to  devote  his 
own  attention  to  the 
New  York  and 
Charleston  Steam 
ship  company,  of 
which  he  had  be 
come  president  and 
part  proprietor.  He 
managed  the  com 
pany  well,  but  did 
not  find  in  its  opera 
tions  sufficient  scope  for  his  overflowing 
energy.  In  1869,  accordingly,  he  estab 
lished  the  Quintard  Iron  works,  occupy 
ing  a  site  at  742  East  Twelfth  street,  ex 
tending  through  to  East  Eleventh  street, 
on  the  East  river,  a  few  blocks  above 
the  Morgan  Iron  works.  Here  he  re 
sumed  the  construction  of  marine  en 
gines  and  machinery,  and  in  a  short  time 
developed  the  plant  into  an  extensive  es 
tablishment,  making  it  in  time  one  of  the 
most  prominent  in  the  United  States. 

QUINTON,  AMELIA  STONE,  president 
of  the  Women's  National  Indian  associa 
tion,  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  Governor 
Bradford  of  the  May 
flower,  and  was  born 
near  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
For  many  years  she 
was  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work,  at 
first  among  prisons, 
reformatories  and 
asylums  in  New 
York;  but  in  1874 
she  entered  the  Wo 
men's  Christian  Tem 
perance  union,  and 
was  soon  elected 

New  York  state  organizer.  In  1877  Miss 
Stone  went  to  Europe  and  there  addressed 
many  readings  in  London  and  elsewhere; 
and  the  following  year  was  married  to 
Richard  L.  Quinton,  A.  M.,  an  eminent 
lecturer,  and  they  settled  in  Philadelphia 
in  the  spring  of  1889.  She  organized  the 
Women's  National  Indian  association, 
which  led  to  the  passage  of  the  Dawes 
severally  bill,  which  in  1887  gained  for  the 
Indians  the  right  of  holding  lands  in  sev 
erally. 

QUITMAN,  FREDERICK  HENRY,  cler-  ' 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1760,  in 
Westphalia.  He  was  a  lutheran  clergy 
man  of  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author 
of  Treatise  on  Magic;  and  Sermons  on 
the  Reformation.  He  died  June  26,  1832, 
in  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y. 

QUITMAN,  JOHN  ANTHONY,  soldier, 
educator,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1799,  in 
Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.  He  was  professor  of  law 
in  Mount  Airy  college,  Pennsylvania.  In 
1820  he  moved  to  Ohio,  and  in  1821  moved 
to  Natchez,  Miss.  In  1827  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature; 
in  1828  was  appointed  chancellor  of  the 
state,  serving  three  years;  and  served  as 
a  delegate  to  a  state  constitutional  con 
vention.  '  In  1835  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate,  and,  as  president  of  that 
body,  was  called  upon  to  perform  the 
duties  of  governor.  In  1836  he  distin 
guished  himself  as  a  soldier  and  leader  In 
behalf  of  Texas  against  Mexico.  He  was 
judge  of  the  high  court  of  errors  and  ap 
peals  of  Mississippi;  served  with  distinc 
tion  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  was  for  a 
time  the  American  governor  of  Mexico, 
and  became  a  major-general  in  the  army. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1848, 
and  was  governor  of  Mississippi  in  1850. 


In  1855  he  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Mississippi,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1857.  He  died  July  17,  1858,  in 
Natchez,  Miss. 

RABURN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurjst, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  April 
8,  1771,  in  Halifax  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
a  judge  of  the  inferior  court,  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  assembly;  was  a  state  senator; 
and  was  governor  of  Georgia  from  1817 
to  1819.  He  died  Oct.  23,  1819,  in  Han 
cock  county,  Ga. 

RADEMACHER,  JOSEPH,  Roman  cath 
olic  bishop,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1840,  in  West 
phalia,  Mich.  He  was  nominated  to  the 
see  of  Nashville  and  was  consecrated  bish 
op  in  1883. 

RADER,  CARY  MELVIN,  lawyer,  poli 
tician,  was  born  July  27,  1868,  in  Carroll 
county,  Ind.  He  received  a  thorough  ed 
ucation,  and  in  1891  graduated  from  the 
law  department  of  the  Central  Normal 
college  of  Danville,  Ind.  The  following 
year  he  located  in  Walla  Walla,  Wash.; 
has  been  city  attorney  and  filled  various 
other  public  positions  of  trust. 

RADER,  LEWIS  ELLSWORTH,  -jour 
nalist,  legislator,  was  born  March  16,  1864, 
in  Hazel  Dell,  111.  In  1894  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Washington  legislature 
from  Pierce  county,  and  in  1896  he  re 
ceived  the  re-election.  He  is  a  successful 
journalist,  poet,  and  for  several  years 
was  editor  of  the  Walla  Walla  Daily 
Statesman. 

RADKORD,  WILLIAM,  naval  officer, 
was  born  March  1,  1808,  in  Fincastle,  Va. 
He  was  appointed  rear-admiral  in  1866; 
commanded  the  European  squadron  in 
1869-70,  and  was  retired  in  March,  1870. 
He  died  Jan.  8,  1890,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

RADFORD,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  24,  1814,  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  New  York  (o 
the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He 
died  Jan.  18,  1870,  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

RAE,  LUZERNE,  educator,  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1811,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  In 
1831  he  became  instructor  of  the  deaf  and 
dumb  in  the  Hartford  asylum,  which  of 
fice  he  held  until  his  death.  He  was  ed 
itor  of  the  Religious  Herald  from  1843 
till  1847,  and  of  the  American  Annals  of 
the  Deaf  and  Dumb  from  1848  till  1854; 
and  published  anonymously  numerous 
poems,  which  were  collected  and  printed 
privately  under  the  title  of  Text  and  Con 
text.  He  died  Sept.  16,  1854,  in  Hartford, 
Conn. 

RAFF,  GEORGE  WERTZ,  banker,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  t4,  1825,  in  Tuscara- 
was,  Ohio.  He  was  a  savings  bank  presi 
dent  of  Canton,  Ohio,  and  the  author  of 
Guide  to  Executors  and  Administrators 
in  Ohio;  Manual  of  Pensions;  The  Law 
Relating  to  Roads  in  Ohio;  and  War 
Claimant's  Guide.  He  died  April  14,  1888, 
in  Canton,  Ohio. 

RAFFERTY,  WILLIAM,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  hi  Ireland.  In  1824  he 
was  elected  president  of  St.  John's  college, 
Annapolis,  Md.,  which  position  he  re 
signed  in  1831. 

RAFINESQUE,  CONSTANTINE 
SMALTZ,  botanist,  author,  was  born  in 
1784  in  Turkey.  He  was  an  eccentric  nat 
uralist  and  botanist  of  French  parentage 
who,  after  years  of  travel,  settled  in 
Philadelphia.  Among  his  many  works  are 
Medical  Flora  of  the  United  States;  A 
Life  of  Travel  and  Researches;  An 
nals  of  Kentucky;  and  Recent  and  Fos 
sil  Conchology.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1842,  In 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HERRINGSHA.WS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHi". 


769 


RAGAN,  WILLIS  EUGENE,  merchant, 
was  born  Jan.  12,  1852,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
In  1878  he  became  a  member  of  one  of 
the  largest  wholesale  dry  goods  houses 
In  the  south,  and  is  president  of  the 
Southern  Railway  Equipment  company. 

RAGLAND,  CHARLES  A.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Aug.  2,  1844,  in  Halifax  county,  Va. 
He  has  attained  prominence  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  Stockton,  Mo.;  has  been  city 
attorney,  justice  of  the  peace,  mayor  of 
his  city,  and  takes  an  active  part  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

RAGLAND,  H.  CLAY,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  May  7,  1844,  in  Gooch- 
land  county,  Va.  In  1887  he  established 
the  Logan  Banner,  of  which  he  is  still 
editor  and  owner.  During  1887-88  he 
was  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia  state 
legislature. 

RAGOZIN,  MADAME  ZENAIDE  AL- 
EXEIEVNA,  author,  was  born  about  1835 
in  Russia.  She  is  a  Russian  historical  wri 
ter,  naturalized  in  the  United  States  in 
1874,  and  the  author  of  The  Story  of 
Chaldea;  The  Story  of  Assyria;  The  Story 
of  Media  and  Babylon;  and  The  Story  of 
Vedic  India. 

RAGUET,  CONDY,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1784,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1815  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Pennsylvania  assembly,  and  af 
terward  of  the  state  senate.  He  was  ed 
itor  of  several  journals;  and  the  author  of 
The  Principles  of  Free  Trade;  A  Treatise 
on  Currency  and  Banking;  and  other 
works.  He  died  March  22,  1842,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

RAINES,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  May  6, 
1840,  in  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  assembly  of  the  state  of 
New  York  in  1881,  1882  and  1885,  and  was 
state  senator  in  1886-89.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-first  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congresses  as  a  republican. 

RAINEY,  JOSEPH  H.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  June  21,  1832,  in 
Georgetown,  S.  C.  He  was  elected  a  del 
egate  to  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  1868,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  of  South  Carolina  in  1870. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
South  Carolina  to  the  forty-first,  forty- 
second,  forty-third,  forty-fourth  and  for 
ty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He 
died  Aug.  1,  1887,  in  Georgetown,  S.  C. 

RAINS,  GABRIEL  JAMES,  soldier,  was 
born  in  June,  1803,  in  Craven  county,  N. 
C.  He  served  with  distinction  in  the  Mex 
ican  war,  and  attained  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general  in  1855.  In  1861  he  joined 
the  confederate  army,  and  died  Sept.  6, 
1881,  in  Aiken,  S.  C. 

RAINS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  sol 
dier,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1817 
in  Graven  county,  N.  C.  He  is  a  confed 
erate  army  officer,  and  professor  of  chem 
istry  at  the  university  of  Georgia  from 
1867.  He  is  the  author  of  Steam  Portable 
Engines;  Rudimentary  Course  of  Ana 
lytical  and  Applied  Chemistry;  and  Che 
mical  Qualitative  Analysis. 

RAINSFORD,  WILLIAM  STEPHEN, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1850, 
in  Ireland.  He  is  a  prominent  episcopal 
clergyman  of  New  York  city,  rector  of 
St.  George's  church  from  1883,  and  an 
active  worker  in  philanthropic  and  other 
reforms.  He  is  the  author  of  Sermons 
Preached  in  St.  George's;  and  The 
Church's  Opportunity  in  the  City  of  To- 
Day. 

RALPH,  JULIAN,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1853  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
popular  journalist  and  litterateur,  and  the 
author  of  On  Canada's  Frontier;  Dixie; 

49 


Our  Great  West;  Chicago  and  the  World's 
Fair;  People  We  Pass;  and  Alone  in 
China,  and  Other  Stories. 

RALSTON,  ROBERT,  merchant,  was 
born  in  1761,  in  Brandywine,  Pa.  He  con 
tributed  largely  to  the  establishment  of 
the  Widows'  and  Orphans'  asylum,  and 
the  Mariner's  church  in  Philadelphia, 
founded  the  Philadelphia  Biole  society, 
which  was  the  first  of  the  kind  on  this 
continent,  and  in  1819  became  first  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  education  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  died  Aug.  11, 
1836,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RALSTON,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1756  in  Ireland.  He  was 
a  presbyterian  clergyman  in  what  is  now 
Monongahela  City,  Pa.,  from  1796  till  his 
death,  and  the  author  of  On  Baptism; 
The  Last  Plagues;  and  The  Currycomb. 
He  died  Sept.  25,  1851,  in  Carroll,  Pa. 

RALSTON,  THOMAS  NEELY,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  March 
21,  1806,  in  Bourbon  county,  Ky.  He  is 
a  methodist  clergyman  and  religious  ed 
itor  of  Kentucky,  and  the  author  of  Ele 
ments  of  Divinity;  Evidences  of  Chris 
tianity;  Ecce  Unitas;  and  Bible  Truths. 

RAMBAUT,  MR£.  MARY  LUCINDA 
BONNE  Y,  educator,  was  born  June  8, 

1816,  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y.    She  is  a  success 
ful  educator  of  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

RAMSAY,  DAVID,  physician,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  April  2,  1749,  in 
Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Charleston,  eminent  among  early  Ameri 
can  historians.  He  served  in  the  Caro 
lina  legislature  throughout  the  revolu 
tionary  war,  and  was  also  in  the  army  as 
a  surgeon.  He  was  a  delegate  to  congress 
in  1782  and  1786.  He  was  the  author  of 
History  of  the  American  Revolution;  His 
tory  of  the  United  States;  Life  of  Wash 
ington;  and  History  of  South  Carolina. 
He  died  May  8,  1815,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

RAMSAY,  NATHANIEL,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  1,  1751,  in  Lan 
caster  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  Maryland  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1785  to  1787.  He  died  Oct.  23, 

1817,  in  Baltimore,  Ind. 

RAMSAY,  ROBERT,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1833  to  1835,  and  again  from  1841 
to  1843. 

RAMSAY,  MRS.  VIENNA  G (MOR- 

RELL),  author,  was  born  in  1817  in 
Maine.  She  is  the  author  of  Facts  on 
Missions;  Evenings  with  the  Children; 
and  A  Legend  of  the  White  Hills,  and 
Other  Poems. 

RAMSEUR,  STEPHEN  DODSON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  May  31,  1837,  in  Lincoln- 
ton,  N.  C.  In  1861  he  entered  the  con 
federate  service  as  captain  of  the  light 
artillery.  He  attained  the  rank  of  major- 
general.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1864,  in  Win 
chester,  Va. 

RAMS.t,i,  ALEXANDER,  congressman, 
governor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  8,  1815,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1843  to  1847.  In  1849  he 
was  appointed  the  first  territorial  gov 
ernor  of  Minnesota.  In  1855  he  was 
mayor  of  the  city  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  and 
was  elected  governor  of  the  state  of  Min 
nesota  in  1858,  and  served  until  1862.  In 
1863  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Minnesota,  for  the  term  ending  in 
1869,  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1875. 

RAMSEY,  GEORGE  JUNKIN,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  June  28,  1858, 
In  Rockbridge,  Va.  He  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  the  Ogden 
conege  of  Bowling  Green,  Ky. ;  and  since 


1884  has  been  president  of  the  Silliman 
institute  of  Clinton,  La.  Since  1897  he 
has  been  president  of  the  Southern  Edu 
cational  association. 

RAMSEY,  WILLIAM,  surveyor,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1779,  in 
Sterrett's  Gap,  Pa.  In  1803  he  was  ap 
pointed  surveyor  of  his  native  county,  an 
office  held  by  his  father  during  the  revo 
lution;  and  also  held  the  offices  of  pro- 
thonotary,  register,  recorder,  and  clerk 
of  the  orphans'  court.  In  1826  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania;  and  was  re-elected  in  1828  and 
1830.  He  died  in  September,  1831,  in  Car 
lisle,  Pa. 

RAMSEY,  WILLIAM  S.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  12,  1810,  in  Car 
lisle,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  in  1838;  and  was  re-elected  in 
1840.  He  died  Oct.  17,  1840,  in  Baltimore, 
Md. 

RAND,  ASA,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  6,  1783,  in  Rindge,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  in  Maine 
and  New  York  prominent  as  an  opponent 
of  slavery;  and  the  author  of  Teachers' 
Manual  in  English  Grammar;  and  The 
Slave-Catcher  Caught  in  the  Meshes  of 
Eternal  Law.  He  died  Aug.  24,  1871,  in 
Ashburnham,  Mass. 

RAND,  BENJAMIN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  16,  1792,  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.  He  is  an  instructor  in  philosophy 
at  Harvard  university;  and  the  author  of 
Economic  History  Since  1763;  A  Bibliog 
raphy  of  Economics;  and  also  bibliog 
raphies  of  aesthetics,  ethics,  psychology, 
metaphysics,  logic,  history  of  philosophy, 
and  philosophy  of  religion. 

RAND,  BENJAMIN  HOWARD,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1792,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a  Philadel 
phia  teacher  of  penmanship  who  pub 
lished  The  American  Penman  and  similar 
works.  He  died  June  9,  1862,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

RAND,  BENJAMIN  HOWARD,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1827,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  physician  of 
Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  Outlines 
of  Medical  Chemistry;  and  Elements  of 
Medical  Chemistry.  He  died  Feb.  14,  1883, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RAND,  EDWARD  AUGUSTUS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  April,  1837,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  is  an  episcopal 
clergyman,  rector  at  Watertown,  Mass., 
from  1883;  and  the  author  of  Christmas 
Jack;  Behind  Manhattan  Gables;  School 
and  Camp  Series;  Sailor  Boy  Bob;  Push 
ing  Ahead;  and  Fighting  the  Sea  Series. 

RAND,  EDWARD  DEAN,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1821,  in  Bath, 
N.  H.  In  1874  he  was  made  judge  of  the 
circuit  court.  He  is  a  poet  of  note  and  a 
lawyer  of  ability. 

RAND,  EDWARD  SPRAGUE,  horticult 
urist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1834,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  formerly  a  flori 
culturist  of  Dedham,  Mass.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Garden  Flowers;  Complete  Man 
ual  of  Orchid-Culture;  Popular  Flowers; 
Rhododendrons;  Flowers  for  the  Parlor 
and  Garden;  The  Window  Gardener;  and 
Life  Memoirs  and  Other  Poems. 

RAND,  ISAAC,  physician,  author,  was 
born  April  27,  1743,  in  Charlestown,  Mass. 
From  1798  till  1804  he  was  president  of  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  society,  and  he  was 
also  a  corresponding  member  of  the  Lon 
don  Medical  society.  He  published  papers 
on  Hydrocephalus  Internus;  Yellow 
Fever;  and  on  The  Use  of  Warm  Bath 
and  Digitalis  in  Pulmonary  Consumption. 
He  died  Dec.  11,  1822,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


770 


HERRINOSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


RAND,  JASPER,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  in  March,  1829,  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.  In  1849  he  sailed  around  the  Horn 
to  California,  where  he  engaged  in  min 
ing  successfully.  In  1862  he  moved  to 
Idaho;  thence  two  years  later  to  Mis- 
soula,  Mont.,  where  he  served  two  terms 
as  a  member  of  the  territorial  council. 
Since  that  time  he  has  been  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law  at  Lewiston,  Idaho; 
and  has  been  mayor  of  that  city. 

RAND,  MRS.  MARY  FRANCES  [AB 
BOTT],  author,  was  born  in  1840  in 
Maine.  She  is  the  author  of  Holly  and 
Mistletoe;  and  Home-Spun  Yarns  for 
Christmas  Stockings. 

RAND,  THEODORE  DEHON,  mineral 
ogist,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  16, 
1836,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  early  tyrned 
his  attention  to  natural  science,  especial 
ly  to  mineralogy,  and  his  cabinet  of  speci 
mens  ranks  as  one  of  the  best  private  col 
lections  in  the  United  States,  containing 
very  nearly  a  complete  set  of  the  rocks 
and  minerals  of  Philadelphia  and  its  vi 
cinity.  He  is  the  author  of  several  min- 
eralogical  and  geological  works. 

RAND,  WILLIAM  WILBERFORCE, 
was  born  Dec.  8,  1816,  in  Gorham,  Maine. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
church  of  Canastota,  N.  Y.,  from  1841  till 
1845;  editor  for  the  American  Tract  so 
ciety,  New  York  city,  in  1848-72,  and  has 
since  been  its  publishing  secretary.  He 
is  the  author  of  Songs  of  Zion;  Diction 
ary  of  the  Bible  for  General  Use;  and 
other  smaller  books. 

RANDALL,  ALEXANDER,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1841  to  1843. 

RANDALL,  ALEXANDER  WILLIAMS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  governor, 
was  born  Oct.  31,  1819,  in  Ames,  N.  Y. 
He  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Wauke- 
sha,  Wis.;  and  in  1854  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature.  In  1856  he  was  appoint 
ed  judge  of  the  second  judicial  district  of 
the  state;  and  in  1857  and  1859  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  Wisconsin.  At  the  close 
of  the  war  he  was  appointed  assistant 
postmaster-general.  In  1866  he  entered 
President  Johnson's  cabinet  as  postmas 
ter-general.  He  died  July  25,  1872,  in  El- 
mira,  N.  Y. 

RANDALL,  ARCHIBALD,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  in  1818  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
In  1834  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  at  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  and  in  1842  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  for  the 
eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1844 
he  presided  over  both  the  district  and 
circuit  courts.  His  decisions  in  bank 
ruptcy  are  in  the  Pennsylvania  Law  Jour 
nal  from  1842  to  1846.  He  died  May  30, 
1846,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RANDALL,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  14, 
1857,  in  Bath,  Maine.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  in  1833;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Maine 
from  1839  to  1843.  He  was  appointed  col 
lector  of  the  port  of  Bath,  Maine. 

RANDALL,  CHARLES  S.,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
20,  1824,  in  New  Bedford,  Mass.  He  re 
tired  from  mercantile  business  in  1872; 
was  for  three  years  a  member  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  republican  state  committee; 
and  represented  the  third  Massachusetts 
senatorial  district  in  the  state  senate  in 
1883  and  1884.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  and  fifty-second  congresses  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
republican. 


RANDALL,  DAVID  AUSTIN,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  14, 
1813,  in  Colchester,  Conn.  He  was  a  bap 
tist  clergyman  and  religious  editor  of 
Ohio;  and  the  author  of  God's  Hand 
writing  in  Egypt;  and  The  Wonderful 
Tent,  or  the  Mosaic  Tabernacle.  He  died 
June  27,  1884,  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

RANDALL,  EMILIUS  OVIATT,  lawyer, 
lecturer,  writer,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1850, 
in  Richfield,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from 
Cornell  university;  and  from  the  college 
of  law  of  the  Ohio  state  university.  He 
has  been  a  reporter  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Ohio;  secretary  of  the  Ohio  State  His 
torical  society;  and  professor  of  com 
mercial  law  in  the  Ohio  state  university. 
He  is  a  successful  publie  lecturer  on  art, 
history  and  literature;  a  writer  of  note; 
and  the  editor  of  Decision  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Ohio.  He  is  also  presi 
dent  of  the  Columbus  board  of  trade. 

RANDALL,  HENRY  STEPHENS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1811  in  Madi 
son  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  prominent 
advocate  of  public  instruction  'in  New 
York  state;  and  the  author  of  Sheep 
Husbandry;  Fine  Wool  Sheep  Husband 
ry;  Practical  Shepherd;  and  Life  of 
Thomas  Jefferson.  He  died  Aug.  14,  1876, 
in  Cortland,  N.  Y. 

RANDALL,  JAMES  RYDER,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  1,  1839,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  Augusta,  Ga.,  and 
elsewhere  in  the  south,  who  has  written 
a  number  of  spirited  lyrics,  the  best 
known  of  which  is  the  famous  song,  Mary 
land,  My  Maryland. 

RANDALL,  JOHN  WITT,  poet,  was 
born  Nov  6,  1813,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
has  been  largely  occupied  with  the  culti 
vation  of  an  ancestral  country-seat  in 
Stow,  Mass.,  and  has  accumulated  one  of 
the  rarest  and  most  original  collections 
of  engravings  in  the  United  States.  Be 
sides  doing  other  literary  work,  he  has 
written  six  volumes  of  poems,  of  which 
only  one  has  been  published,  Consolations 
of  Solitude. 

RANDALL,   PERRY    A.,   lawyer,   busi 
ness  man,  was  born  July  24,  1847,  in  Avil- 
la,  Ind.     In  1867  he  graduated  from  the 
Fort      Wayne     high 
school;       from      the 
university   of  Michi 
gan     in     1871,     and 
from     the     law     de- 
4t~.  I    partment       of       the 

*  same  institution  in 
1873.  The  same  year 
he  began  the  practice 
of  law  in  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind.,  where 
he  has  since  at 
tained  success  as  one 
of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  that  state.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Fort  Wayne  Electric  com 
pany,  and  its  vice-president  since  1882. 
He  is  vice-president  of  the  Fort  Wayne 
Furniture  company,  also  of  the  Indiana 
Machine  works;  and  is  financially  in 
terested  in  numerous  other  business  en 
terprises. 

RANDALL,  SAMUEL  JACKSON,  mer 
chant,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  10,  1828,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  served  one  term  in  the  state  senate  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-ninth,  fortieth,  forty-first, 
forty-second,  forty-third,  forty-fourth, 
forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh, 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat.  He  was  speaker 
of  the  house  during  the  forty-fourth, 
forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses.  He 
died  April  12,  1890,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


RANDALL,  SAMUEL  SIDWELL,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  May  27,  1809,  in 
Norwich,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  superintendent 
of  public  schools  in  New  York  city  in 
1854-70;  and  the  author  of  History  of  the 
State  of  New  York;  Mental  and  Moral 
Culture;  Principles  of  Popular  Education; 
and  Incitements  to  the  Study  of  Geology. 
He  died  June  3,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

RANDALL,  T.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  a  na 
tive  of  Maryland.  He  removed  to  Talla 
hassee,  Fla. ;  and  was  appointed  United 
States  judge  for  the  territory  of  Florida, 
holding  the  position  until  1832. 

RANDALL,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

RANDLE,  FREDERICK  ALANSON, 
lawyer,  historical  novelist,  was  born  Jan. 
21,  1854,  in  Bunker  Hill,  111.  He  attended 
the  McKendree  college;  and  has  attained 
success  as  an  able  lawyer  of  his  native 
state  at  Hillsboro.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  historical  novels;  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  periodical  litera 
ture. 

RANDOLPH,  ALFRED  MAGILL,  bish 
op  of  southern  Virginia,  was  born  Aug.  31, 
1836,  in  Winchester,  Va.  In  1894  the  dio 
cese  of  Virginia  was  divided,  and  Dr.  Ran 
dolph  chose  the  new  see  of  southern  Vir 
ginia. 

RANDOLPH,  ANSON  DAVIES  FITZ, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1820  in 
New  Jersey.  He  was  a  publisher  and  re 
ligious  verse-writer  of  New  York  city; 
and  the  author  of  Hopefully  Waiting; 
Verses;  At  the  Beautiful  Gate;  The  Pal 
ace  of  the  King;  and  Unto  the  Desired 
Haven.  He  died  in  1896. 

RANDOLPH,  BEVERLY,  state  legislat 
or,  governor,  was  born  in  1754.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  assembly  dur 
ing  the  revolution;  and  was  governor  of 
Virginia  during  1788-91.  He  died  in 
February,  1797,  in  Cumberland,  Va. 

RANDOLPH,  DAVID  B.  F.,  clergyman, 
was  born  Jan.  23,  1848,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
In  1871  he  graduated  from  the  Drew  The 
ological  seminary  with  the  degree  of  B.  D. 
The  same  year  he  joined  the  Newark  an 
nual  conference  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church,  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Ho- 
boken,  Newark,  Hackettstown,  West  New 
Brighton,  and  is  now  pastor  of  the  Trin 
ity  church  of  Jersey  City. 

RANDOLPH,  EDMUND,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1779  to  1783;  and  in  1788 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  but  voted  against  its  adoption.  In 
1788  he  was  governor  of  Virginia.  In  1789 
he  was  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States;  and  in  1794  was  secretary  of  state 
of  the  United  States.  He  died  Sept.  13, 
1813. 

RANDOLPH,  EDMUND,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  June  9,  1820,  In 
Richmond,  Va.  He  was  for  several  years 
clerk  of  the  United  States  circuit  court  for 
Louisiana,  but  in  1849  he  removed  to 
California.  He  was  an  active  member  of 
the  legislature  that  met  at  San  Jos6  in 
1849  to  organize  a  state  government.  He 
died  Sept.  8,  1861,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

RANDOLPH,  JACOB,  physician,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1796,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  had  acquired  a 
wide  reputation  as  a  surgeon,  and  in  1831 
introduced  in  the  United  States  the  oper 
ation  of  lithotripsy.  He  published  several 
reports  of  successful  operations.  He  died 
April  12,  1836,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HEBRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


771 


RANDOLPH,  JAMES  PITZ,  journalist, 
banker,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  June  26,  1791,  in  Middlesex 
county,  N.  J.  He  became  editor  of  the 
Fredonian,  a  weekly  newspaper,  in  1812, 
and  continued  in  that  capacity  for  thirty 
years.  He  was  appointed  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue  of  the  United  States  in 
1815,  and  held  that  office  until  the  close 
of  the  war  in  Texas.  He  was  subsequently 
clerk  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for  his 
native  county;  and  was  for  two  years  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1828  to  1833;  and  was  after 
wards  president  of  a  bank  in  New  Bruns 
wick  for  ten  years.  He  died  March  19, 
1871,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

RANDOLPH,  JAMES  HENRY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  19,  1825,  in  Jefferson  county, 
Tenn.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Tennessee  state  legislature  in  1857-61;  and 
was  a  state  senator  in  1865.  He  was 
elected  judge  of  the  second  judicial  circuit 
of  the  state  in  1869,  and  re-elected  in 
1870.  He  was"  elected  a  representative 
fiom  Tennessee  to  the  forty-fifth  congress. 

RANDOLPH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  1727  in  Williamsburg,  Va.  He  was  a 
noted  lawyer  of  his  time;  and  for  several 
years  was  king's  attorney  under  Governor 
Fauquier.  He  died  Jan.  31,  1784. 

RANDOLPH.  JOHN,  of  Roanoke,  states 
man,  was  born  June  2,  1773,  in  Chester 
field,  Va.  He  was  elected  from  Virginia 
a  representative  in 
congress  in  1799,  and 
continued  a  member 
of  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives,  with  the 
exception  of  two  in- 
ter\als  of  two  years 
each,  until  1823.  In 
that  year  he  was  a 
member  of  the  con 
vention  to  revise  the 
constitution  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  was  after- 
wards  appointed 
minister  plenipotentiary  to  Russia  in  1830. 
During  1825  to  1827  he  was  a  senator  of 
the  United  States.  He  had  a  quarrel  with 
Henry  Clay  which  resulted  in  a  duel,  when 
he  allowed  himself  to  be  shot  at  and  then 
threw  away  his  fire.  He  died  June  24, 
1S33,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RANDOLPH,  JOHN  S.,  stock-raiser,  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  June  15,  1832,  in 
McLean  county,  111.  He  attended  the  Wes- 
leyan  university  of  Bloomington,  111.,  and 
subsequently  moved  to  Idaho,  where  he  is 
a  successful  farmer  and  stock-raiser  of 
Latah  county.  He  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace  and  probate  judge;  and  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  of  Idaho  in  1895,  and  re 
ceived  the  re-election  in  1897.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  legislative  mat 
ters,  and  has  served  on  many  important 
committees. 

RANDOLPH,  JOSEPH,  PITZ,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1803  in 
New  Jersey.  He  settled  at  Monmouth 
Court  House,  N.  J.,  and  was  appointed 
state's  attorney  for  the  county.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1837  to 
1843.  In  1844  he  was  a  member  of  the  con 
vention  which  framed  the  state  constitu 
tion.  In  1845  he  was  appointed  a  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Jersey  for 
a  term  of  seven  years.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  peace  congress  of  1861. 

RANDOLPH,  PETER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  moved  to 
Mississippi,  and  was  appointed  a  judge 
or  the  United  States  court  for  the  district 
of  Mississippi. 


RANDOLPH,  PEYTON,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1721 
in  Williamsburg,  Va.  In  1756  he  was  ap 
pointed  king's  attorney  for  the  colony  of 
Virginia,  and  held  the  office  for  many 
years.  In  1766  he  was  elected  speaker  of 
the  house  of  burgesses;  and  in  1773  was 
a  member  of  the  committee  on  correspon 
dence.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continen 
tal  congress  from  1774  to  1775,  and  was 
the  first  president  of  that  body.  He  died 
Oct.  22,  1775,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RANDOLPH,  SARAH  NICHOLAS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1839.  in 
Edge  Hill,  Va.  She  is  an  educator  of 
Baltimore;  and  the  author  of  The  Do 
mestic  Life  of  Thomas  Jefferson;  The 
Lord  Will  Provide;  and  The  Life  of  Stone 
wall  Jackson. 

RANDOLPH,  THEODORE  FRELING- 
HUYSEN,  state  legislator,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  June  24, 
1816,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  In  1860 
he  was  elected  to  the  New  Jersey  house 
of  assembly,  and  declined  the  speakership 
of  that  body.  In  1861  he  was  elected  state 
senator  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  re-elected 
in  1862,  serving  until  1865.  He  was  elected 
governor  of  New  Jersey  in  1868.  He  was 
elected  United  States  senator  from  New 
Jersey  in  1874  for  six  years.  He  died  Nov. 
7,  1883,  in  Morristown,  N.  J. 

RANDOLPH,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  12,'  1792,  in  Monti- 
cello,  Va.  He  was  the  author  of  a  book 
entitled  Sixty  Years'  Reminiscences  of  the 
Currency  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
Oct.  8,  1875,  iu  Edge  Hill,  Va. 

RANDOLPH,  THOMAS  MANN,  patriot, 
was  born  in  1741  in  Tuckahoe,  Va.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  house  of 
burgesses,  and  of  the  convention  of  1776. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  colonial 
committee  of  safety  from  the  first.  He 
died  Nov.  19,  1793,  in  Tuckahoe,  Va. 

RANDOLPH,  THOMAS  MANN,  soldier, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  1, 
1768,  in  Tuckahoe,  Va.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1803  to  1807; 
was  appointed  colonel  of  the  twentieth 
infantry  in  1813;  and  was  governor  of 
Virginia  from  1819  to  1822.  He  died  June 
20,  1828,  in  Monticello,  Va. 

RANDOLPH,  WARREN,  clergyman, 
was  born  March  30,  1826,  in  Middlesex 
county,  N.  J.  Since  1879  he  has  been  pas 
tor  of  the  Central  Baptist  church  of  New 
port,  R.  I. 

RANEY,  GEORGE  P.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  11, 
1845,  in  Leon  county,  Fla.  He  graduated 
from  the  law  school  of  the  university 
of  Virginia;  and  has  attained  success  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Tallahassee,  Fla.  He 
entered  the  confederate  army  in  1863,  and 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  During 
1868-70  he  was  a  member  of  the  Florida 
state  legislature;  and  during  1877-85  was 
attorney-general  of  Florida.  During  1885- 
89  he  was  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court;  and  in  1889-94  was  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Florida. 

RANEY,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1849,  in 
Wayne  county,  Mo.  He  was  elected  judge 
of  the  county  court  of  Wayne  county,  Mo., 
and  served  one  term;  and  was  elected  and 
ser\ed  three  full  terms  as  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  said  county.  He  was  one  of  the 
board  of  regents  of  the  State  Normal 
school  located  at  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo., 
by  appointment  of  Governor  Stone,  his 
term  of  service  expiring  with  the  year 
1895.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

RANKIN,  CHRISTOPHER,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Pa. 


He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Mississippi  from  1819  to  1826.  He  died 
March  14,  1826,  in  Washington  city. 

RANKIN,  DAVID,  banker,  philanthro 
pist,  state  legislator,  was  born  May  28, 
1S25,  in  Sullivan  county,  Ind.  He  was 
chosen  by  the  republican  party  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Illinois  legislature  for 
three  terms.  He  is  president  of  the  First 
National  bank  of  Tarkio,  Mo.;  and  is  a 
hearty  supporter  of  any  educational,  phi 
lanthropic  or  other  good  work. 

RANKIN,  DAVID  NEVIN,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1834,  in  Ship- 
penburg,  Pa.  In  1864-66  he  was  medical 
examiner  of  the  United  States  pension 
bureau,  and  since  1865  he  has  been  chief 
physician  of  the  penitentiary  of  western 
Pennsylvania. 

RANKIN,  JEREMIAH  EAMES,  D.  D., 
LL.  D.,  clergyman,  poet,  educator,  was 
born  Jan.  20,  1828,  in  Thornton,  N.  H.  He 
has  filled  pastorates  in  various  cities  and 
for  many  years  has  been  president  of  the 
Howard  university  of  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  is  the  author  of  Auld  Scotch  Mither, 
and  Other  Poems;  Subduing  Kingdoms; 
The  Hotel  of  God,  and  Other  Sermons; 
Atheism  of  the  Heart;  Christ  His  Own 
Interpreter;  and  Ingleside  Rhaims. 

RANKIN.  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  4,  1793,  in  Dandridge,  Tenn. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Rip- 
ley,  Ohio,  famous  as  an  abolitionist,  and 
many  times  mobbed  for  his  anti-slavery 
zeal.  He  was  the  author  of  Letters  on 
American  Slavery;  and  The  Covenant  of 
Grace.  He  died  March  18,  1886,  near 
Dandridge,  Tenn. 

RANKIN,  JOHN  CHAMBERS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  May  18,  1816,  in 
Guilford  county,  N.  C.  He  is  a  presbyte 
rian  clergyman  of  Baskingridge,  N.  J., 
from  1851;  and  the  author  of  The  Coming 
of  the  Lord. 

RANKIN,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  25, 
1833,  in  Passaic,  N.  J.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  union  army  during  the  civil 
war;  and  served  in  the  Wisconsin  state 
legislature  eleven  years.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  for 
ty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a 
democrat.  He  died  Nov.  8,  1885,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

RANKIN,  LELAND,  journalist,  was 
born  June  16,  1867,  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  He 
attended  Webb's  Classical  Training 
school,  and  the  Southwestern  Presbyte 
rian  university  of  Clarksville,  Tenn.  He 
has  worked  on  newspapers  in  Texas,  New 
Orleans,  St.  Louis,  and  elsewhere;  has 
been  literary  editor  of  the  Nashville  Ban 
ner;  chief  of  the  bureau  of  promotion 
and  publicity  at  the  Tennessee  centennial; 
and  director  of  the  Tennessee  centennial. 
He  is  now  the  president  and  manager  of 
the  Nashville  American,  which  publishes 
daily,  Sunday,  and  semi-weekly  editions, 
and  is  one  of  the  foremost  newspapers  of 
the  south. 

RANKIN,  WILLIAM  BRADSHAW,  col- 
le-ge  president,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1825,  in 
Little  Chucky,  Tenn.  In  1867  he  was  cho 
sen  president  of  the  Washington  college, 
which  position  he  held  until  1875. 

RANNEY,  A.MBROSE  ARNOLD,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  April  16,  1821,  in  Townshend,  Vt. 
He  was  corporation  counsel  of  Boston  in 
1855  and  1856;  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1857,  1863,  and 
1864;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  forty-seventh, 
forty-eighth,  and  forty-ninth  congresses 
as  a  republican. 


772 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


RANNEY,  AMBROSE  LOOMIS,  physi 
cian,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1848. 
He  is  a  physician,  professor  of  nervous 
diseases  in  the  university  of  the  city  of 
New  York;  and  the  author  of  A  Practical 
Treatise  on  Surgical  Diagnosis;  Applied 
Anatomy  of  the  Nervous  System;  Practi 
cal  Medical  Anatomy;  and  Lectures  on 
Nervous  Diseases. 

RANNEY,  RUFUS  PERCIVAL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  13.  1813,  in  Bland- 
ford,  Mass.  He  was  chosen  by  the  Ohio 
legislature  about  the 
same  time  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court. 
and  in  1851  was 
elected  by  the  people, 
under  the  new  con 
stitution,  to  the  same 
office,  which  he  held 
till  1857.  In  that  year 
he  was  appointed 
United  States  district 
attorney  for  Ohio, 
and  in  1859  was  de 
feated  as  the  demo- 
ciatic  candidate  for  governor.  In  1862  he 
was  again  elected  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court,  but  in  1864  resigned,  and  resumed 
practice  in  Cleveland. 

RANNEY,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  May  9,  1813,  in  Middletown, 
Conn.  Among  his  works  are  Boone's  First 
View  of  Kentucky;  On  the  Wing;  Wash 
ington  on  his  Mission  to  the  Indians;  and 
Duck-Shooting,  which  is  in  the  Corcoran 
gallery.  He  died  Nov.  18,  1857,  in  West 
Hoboken,  N.  J. 

RANSBOTTOM,  CLAUDE,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  July  4,  1838,  in 
Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  attended  the  Yale 
college;  and  subsequently  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  has  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  judge  of  the  forty-fourth  judicial 
circuit  of  Indiana;  and  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Indiana  state  legislature;  and 
filled  the  high  office  of  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Indiana.  While  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  he  took  an  active  part  in 
the  deliberations  of  that  body,  and  was 
one  of  its  most  fluent  speakers.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Indiana  at 
Winamac;  and  contributes  extensively  to 
law  literature. 

RANSIER,  ALONZO  JACOB,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  3, 
1836,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  elected 
to  the  South  Carolina  state  legislature  in 
1868.  He  was  elected  a  presidential  elect 
or  in  1868;  and  lieutenant-governor  in 
1870.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third 
congress  as  a  republican.  He  died  Aug. 
17,  1882,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

RANSOM,  EPAPHRODITUS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
in  February  in  Shelburne  Falls,  Mass.  He 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  Michigan 
legislature;  and  was  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court.  From  1847  to  1849  he  was 
governor  of  the  state.  He  was  appointed 
receiver  of  the  land  office  for  one  of  the 
districts  of  Kansas,  and  died  there  before 
the  expiration  of  his  term.  He  died  in 
November,  1859,  in  Fort  Scott,  Kan. 

RANSOM,  MATHEW  WHITAKER,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  legislator.  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1826,  in 
Warren  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  at 
torney-general  of  North  Carolina  in  1852; 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1858- 
60;  and  was  a  peace  commissioner  from 
the  state  to  the  congress  of  southern  states 
at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  in  1861.  He  entered 
the  confederate  army;  was  lieutenant- 
colonel,  brigadier-general,  and  major-gen 
eral,  and  surrendered  at  Appomattox.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  in 
1872  for  the  term  ending  in  1877,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1876,  1883,  and  1889. 


RANSOM,  ROBERT,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1830  in  North  Carolina.  He  was 
made  colonel  of  the  ninth  North  Carolina 
cavalry;  became  brigadier-general  in  1862 
and  major-general  in  1863  in  the  confed 
erate  service. 

RANSOM,  TRUMAN  BISHOP,  soldier, 
educator,  was  born  in  1802  in  Woodstock, 
Vt.  He  was  instructor  in  mathematics  in 
the  United  States  navy,  did  much  to  re 
organize  the  Vermont  militia,  in  which  he 
was  major-general  in  1837-44,  and  in  1844 
succeeded  Captain  Partridge  as  president 
of  the  university.  He  died  Sept.  13,  1847, 
in  the  City  of  Mexico. 

RANSOM.  THOMAS  EDWARD  GREEN 
FIELD,  soldier,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1834,  in 
Norwich,  Vt.  He  served  through  the  civil 
war,  attaining  the  rank  of  major-general 
of  volunteers  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1864,  near  Rome, 
Ga. 

RANTOUL,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1805,  in  Beverly, 
Mass.  He  was  elected  to  the  Massachu 
setts  state  legislature  in  1834;  and  in  1837 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  board  of 
education.  In  1838  he  removed  to  Boston; 
in  1843  was  appointed  collector  of  that 
port;  and  in  1845  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  for  Massachusetts. 
In  1851  he  succeeded  Mr.  Webster  in  the 
United  States  senate,  but  remained  there 
only  a  short  time.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1851  to  the  time  of 
his  death.  His  writings  have  since  been 
published  in  a  large  volume.  He  died 
Aug.  7,  1852,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

RANTOUL,  ROBERT  SAMUEL,  anti 
quarian,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born 
June  2,  1832,  in  Beverly,  Mass.  He  settled 
in  Beverly,  which  he  represented  in  the 
legislature  in  1858,  and  afterward  removed 
to  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  collector  of  Sa 
lem  in  1865-69,  and  representative  from 
that  town  in  1884-85.  He  has  published 
many  historical  and  genealogical  papers 
in  the  collections  of  the  Essex  institute, 
of  which  he  is  a  vice-president. 

RAOUL,  WILLIAM  GREENE,  railroad 
president,  was  born  July  4,  1843,  in  Liv 
ingston  Parish,  La.  Since  1887  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Mexican  National 
railroad  at  New  York  city. 

RAPALLO,  CHARLES  ANTHONY,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1823,  in  New 
York  city.  He  became  a  successful  prac 
titioner,  and  was  elected  a  judge  of  the 
New  York  court  of  appeals,  taking  his  seat 
on  the  bench  in  1870;  and  in  1884  he  was 
elected  for  a  second  term  of  fourteen 
years  by  the  united  vote  of  both  political 
parties.  He  died  Dec.  28,  1887,  in  New 
York  city. 

RAPELJE,  STEWART,  author,  was 
born  in  1842  in  New  York.  He  was  a  le 
gal  writer  of  New  York  city;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Digest  of  Decisions  of  New  York 
Courts  to  1881;  Digest  of  Federal  Decis 
ions  and  Statutes  from  the  Earliest  Period 
to  1880;  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Witness 
es;  and  Dictionary  of  American  and  Eng 
lish  Decisions.  He  died  in  1896. 

RAPHALL,  MORRIS  JACOB,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  September,  1798, 
in  Sweden.  He  was  a  Jewish  clergyman 
once  prominent  in  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  Post-Biblical  History  of  the 
Jews;  Literature  of  the  Jews  in  Spain; 
Social  Condition  of  the  Jews;  Festivals  of 
the  Lord;  and  The  Path  to  Immortality. 
He  died  June  23,  1868,  in  New  York  city. 

RAPIER,  JAMES  T.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1840  in  Florence,  Ala.  He  was 
elected  from  Alabama  to  the  forty-third 
congress;  and  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress. 


RAREY,  JOHN  S.,  author,  was  born  in 
1828  in  Franklin  county,  Ohio.  He  was  a 
famous  horse-tamer  who  wrote  a  Treatise 
on  Horse-Training  that  was  very  exten 
sively  circulated.  He  died  Oct.  4.  1866,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

RARIDEN,  JAMES,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  became 
eminent  as  a  lawyer;  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Indiana  from  1837 
to  1841.  He  died  in  Cambridge  City,  Ind. 

RATHBONE,  ESTES  GEORGE,  banker, 
state  senator,  was  born  June  30,  1848,  in 
Hebron,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  banker  of 
Hamilton.  Ohio.  For  nine  years  he  was 
special  agent  of  the  United  States  treas 
ury;  chief  of  special  examiners  of  pension 
office  for  three  years;  state  senator  of 
Ohio  for  two  years;  chief  postofflce  in 
spector  for  two  years;  and  fourth  assis 
tant  postmaster  general  under  President 
Harrison. 

RATHBONE,  JOHN  FINLEY,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1821,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1845  he  built  a  foundry 
in  Albany  that  is  now  one  of  the  largest 
establishments  of  the  kind  in  the  world. 
He  was  appointed  adjutant-general  of 
New  York,  with  the  rank  of  major-gen 
eral. 

RATHBONE,  JUSTUS  HENRY,  found 
er,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1839,  in  Deerfield, 
N.  Y.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  Knights 
of  Pythias.  He  died  in  1890  in  Lima,  Ohio. 

RATHBUN,  GEORGE,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1847. 

RATLIFF,  JOSEPH  C.,  state  legislator, 
was  born  July  6,  1827,  near  Richmond,  Ind. 
In  1875  he  was  chosen  to  represent  Wayne 
county  in  the  Indiana  state  legislature; 
and  in  1876  he  was  appointed  by  the  gov 
ernor  a  trustee  of  the  Purdue  university, 
and  was  reappointed  in  1877  for  the  term 
of  three  years.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Wayne  County  Turnpike 
company. 

RATLIFF,  RYLAND,  educator,  botan 
ist,  was  born  in  1858  near  Marion,  Ind. 
Since  1886  he  has  been  an  instructor  of 
natural  science  in  Fairmount  academy, 
Indiana.  He  has  made  a  special  study  of 
botany  and  general  biology. 

RAU,  CHARLES,  archaeologist,  author, 
was  born  in  1826  in  Belgium.  He  was  an 
archaeologist  of  distinction  of  Belgian 
birth  who  settled  in  the  United  States  in 
1848,  and  was  curator  of  antiquities  in  the 
United  States  National  museum  in  1875- 
87.  He  was  the  author  of  Early  Man  in 
Europe;  and  Prehistoric  Fishing.  He  died 
July  25,  1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RAUB,  ALBERT  NEWTON,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  March 
28,  1840,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  After 

attending    the    State 

Normal  school  o  f 
Millersville,  Pa.,  he 
began  educational 
work.  He  has  been 
superintendent  of  the 
Ashland  public 
schools;  superinten 
dent  of  the  Lock 
Haven  public  schools, 
Pennsylvania;  prin 
cipal  of  the  State 
Normal  school  of 
Lock  Haven,  Pa.; 
and  is  now  the  president  of  the  Delaware 
college  of  Newark.  He  is  the  author  of 
twenty-six  books,  including  text-books  on 
grammar,  reading,  spelling,  arithmetic, 
literature,  and  pedagogy.  His  lessons, 
etc.,  are  especially  commendable  works, 
and  the  best  of  their  kind. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


773 


RAUCH,  PRIEDRICH  AUGUSTUS, 
psychologist,  author,  was  born  July  27, 
1806,  in  Germany.  He  was  a  psycholo 
gist  of  Mercersburg,  Pa.,  prominent 
among  thinkers  o£  the  German  reformed 
faith.  He  was  the  author  of  Psychology: 
a  View  of  the  Human  Soul;  and  The  In 
ner  Life  of  the  Christian.  He  died  March 
2,  1841,  in  Mercersburg,  Pa. 

RAUCH,  JOHN  HENRY,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1828,  in  Lebanon, 
Pa.  In  1857  he  was  professor  of  materia 
medica  and  medical  botany  in  the  Rush 
Medical  college  of  Chicago,  111.;  and  in 
1859  filled  the  same  chair  in  the  Chicago 
College  of  Pharmacy,  of  which  he  was  one 
of  the  organizers.  His  chief  work  as  a 
writer  is  embodied  in  the  reports  of  the 
Illinois  state  board  of  health  in  eight  vol 
umes. 

RAUE,  CHARLES  GODLOVE,  physi 
cian,  educator,  author,  was  born  May  11, 
1820,  in  Saxony.  From  1864  till  1871  he 
was  professor  of  pathology  and  practice 
at  the  Homoeopathic  college  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  at  Hahnemann  Medical  college 
in  Philadelphia.  He  is  the  author  of  Spe 
cial  Pathology  and  Diagnostics  with  Ther 
apeutic  Hints;  and  Annual  Record  of 
Homoaopathic  Literature. 

RAUM,  GREEN  BERRY,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
11,  ]829,  in  Golconda,  111.  In  1861  he  par 
ticipated  in  the  war  for  Wie  union  as  ma 
jor  of  the  fifty-sixth  Illinois  volunteers, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brevet 
brigadier-general  in  1864,  and  to  the  full 
rank  of  brigadier  in  1865.  In  1866  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  fortieth  congress  as  a  republican.  He 
was  commissioner  of  internal  revenue 
from  1876  to  1883;  and  subsequently 
United  States  commissioner  of  pensions. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Existing  Conflict 
between  Republican  Government  and 
Southern  Oligarchy. 

RAVENEL,  HENRY  WILLIAM,  botan 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  19,  1814,  in  St. 
John's  Parish  Berkeley,  S.  C.  He  was  a 
botanist  of  Aiken,  S.  C.,  distinguished  for 
his  knowledge  of  fungi;  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  Fungi  Caroliniani  Exsiccati;  and 
Fungi  American!  Exsiccati.  He  died  July 
17,  1887,  in  Aiken,  S.  C. 

RAVENEL,  ST.  JULIEN,  chemist,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1819,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  was  surgeon-in-chief  of  the 
confederate  hospital  in  Columbia,  and  was 
director  of  the  confederate  laboratory  in 
that  city  for  the  preparation  of  medical 
supplies.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  re 
turned  to  Charleston,  and  in  1866  he  dis 
covered  the  \alue  of  the  phosphate  de 
posits  in  the  vicinity  of  that  city  for  ag 
ricultural  purposes.  He  died  March  16, 
1882,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

RAVENSCROFT,  D.  W.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1852  in  California.  Under  the 
nom  de  plume  of  The  Exile  he  has  con 
tributed  upwards  of  a  thousand  poems  to 
current  literature.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Spirit  of  Unrest;  Idyls;  and  several 
novels. 

RAWLE.  FRANCIS,  author,  was  born 
in  1660  in  England.  He  was  a  Quaker 
colonist  of  Pennsylvania  whose  Ways  and 
Means  for  the  Inhabitants  of  Delaware  to 
become  Rich  is  said  to  have  been  the  first 
book  printed  by  Franklin.  He  died  March 
5,  1727,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RAWLE,  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  7,  1846,  in  MifBin  county, 
Pa.  In  1871  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Philadelphia.  He  has  published  two 
revised  editions  of  Bouvier's  Law  Diction 
ary,  in  which  are  given  over  seven  hun 
dred  subjects  not  named  in  the  original 
work. 


RAWLE,  HENRY,  soldier,  lawyer,  man 
ufacturer,  iron  master,  was  born  Aug.  21, 
1833,  in  Mifflin  county,  Pa.  He  engaged 
extensively  in  the  coal  and  iron  business 
in  Erie,  Pa.,  and  established  the  Erie 
blast-furnace  and  Erie  rolling-mill.  In 
1874-76  he  was  mayor  of  Erie,  and  from 
18 10  till  1878  he  was  treasurer  of  Penn 
sylvania. 

RAWLE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  April  28,  1759,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  distinguished  lawyer  of 
Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  View  of 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States;  and 
The  Study  of  the  Law.  He  died  April  12, 
1836,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RAWLE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  July  19,  1788,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  As  reporter  of  the  state  supreme 
court,  he  published  twenty-five  volumes 
of  reports.  He  died  Aug.  9,  1858,  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  N.  Y. 

RAWLE,  WILLIAM  BROOKE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1843,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Philadel 
phia  who  has  published  The  Right  Flank 
at  Gettysburg;  and  With  Gregg  in  the 
Gettysburg  Campaign. 

RAWLE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1823,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  prominent  lawyer 
oi  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  Law 
of  Covenants  for  Title;  Some  Contrasts 
in  the  Growth  of  Pennsylvania  in  English 
Law;  and  Equity  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
died  April  19,  1889,  in  Philadelphia. 

RAWLES,  RICHARD  H.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1850,  in 
Nausemond  county,  Va.  He  was  a  state 
senator  in  the  Virginia  legislature  from 
the  thirty-second  senatorial  district;  and 
has  been  judge  of  the  county  and  crimi 
nal  court  of  his  native  county. 

RAWLES,  WILLIAM  A.,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1863,  in  Remington, 
Ind.  He  has  filled  the  chair  of  American 
history  and  politics  in  various  institu 
tions,  and  since  1894  in  the  Indiana  uni 
versity.  He  is  the  author  of  Civil  Gov 
ernment  of  Indiana,  and  other  works. 

RAWLINS,  JOHN  AARON,  soldier,  sec 
retary  of  war,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1831,  in 
East  Galena,  111.  He  was  assistant  adju 
tant-general;  and  after  seeing  much  ser 
vice  in  the  field  rose  by  degrees  to  the 
rank  of  major-general  by  brevet  in  1865. 
He  served  as  chief  of  staff  to  the  general 
commanding  the  armies.  On  the  acces 
sion  of  General  Grant  to  the  presidency, 
he  was  appointed  secretary  of  war.  He 
died  Sept.  9,  1869,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

RAWLINS,  JOSEPH  L.,  lawyer,  educa 
tor,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  March  28,  1850,  in  Salt  Lake 
county,  Utah.  He  was  professor  in  the 
university  of  Deseret  in  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah,  for  two  years.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-third  congress  as  delegate  on  the 
democratic  ticket;  and  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  as  a  democrat  in 
1897. 

RAWSON,  ALBERT  LEIGHTON,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1829,  in  Chester, 
Vt.  He  is  a  traveler  of  note  who  has  pub 
lished  Histories  of  All  Religions;  An 
tiquities  of  the  Orient;  The  Unseen 
World;  and  a  number  of  dictionaries  and 
vocabularies  of  Oriental  tongues. 

RAWSON,  EDWARD,  author,  was  born 
April  16,  1615,  in  England.  He  was  one  of 
the  first  secretaries  of  the  general  court 
of  Massachusetts  colony.  He  died  March 
27,  1693,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

RAY,  ANNA  CHAPIN,  author,  was  born 
in  1865  in  Massachusetts.  She  is  a  writer 
of  West  Haven,  Conn.,  whose  tales  for  ju 
venile  reading  have  been  popular.  She  is 


the  author  of  Cadets  of  Fleming  Hall; 
Half  a  Dozen  Boys;  Half  a  Dozen  Girls; 
In  Blue  Creek  Canon;  Dick;  and  Mar 
garet  Davis  Tutor. 

RAY,  FABIUS  MAXIMUS,  lawyer,  edu 
cator,  state  legislator,  author,  was  born  in 
March,  1837,  in  East  Windham,  Maine. 
In  1867  entertaining 
the  project  of  aban 
doning  the  law,  he 
entered  the  senior 
class  of  the  Divinity 
school  in  Cambridge 
and  graduated,  but 
never  received  ordi 
nation,  and  in  a  year 
or  two  resumed  the 
legal  profession  in 
Portland,  which  he 
continues  in  the  firm 
of  Ray  and  Dyer.  He 
represented  Westbrook  in  the  Maine  leg 
islature  of  1871-72.  He  published  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  in  1873.  He  taught  a  school 
in  Saccarappa  in  1865  and  in  the  winter 
of  1869-70,  and  has  had  several  private 
pupils  in  modern  languages  and  the  clas 
sics. 

RAY,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1844,  in 
Otselic,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education 
.  at  the  Norwich  acad 
emy,  New  York;  and 
has  attained  emi 
nence  as  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of 
the  east  at  Norwich. 
He  served  with  dis 
tinction  in  congress, 
in  the  forty-eighth, 
fifty  -  second,  fifty- 
third,  fifty  -  fourth, 
and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  re 
publican  state  committee;  chairman  of 
the  republican  county  committee;  and  a 
member  of  the  board  of  education  of  Nor 
wich,  N.  Y. 

RAY,  HARRY  PALMER,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  2,  1866,  in  Phelps, 
N.  Y.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Cold- 
water,  Mich.,  and  subsequently  attended 
the  Chicago  university  and  Union  College 
of  Law.  For  eighteen  years  he  has  been 
engaged  in  newspaper  work;  several 
years  of  which  were  with  the  Associated 
Press.  He  has  contributed  to  the  St.  Louis 
Globe-Democrat,  Republican,  and  Post- 
Dispatch;  the  Chicago  Tribune,  and  the 
Cincinnati  Enquirer.  He  is  one  of  the 
leading  turf  writers  in  America;  the  edi 
tor  of  Whip  and  Spur  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  and  the  author  of  several  works  of 
fiction. 

RAY,  ISAAC,  physician,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  16,  1807,  in  Beverly,  Mass.  He 
was  a  physician  of  Philadelphia;  and  the 
author  of  Conversations  on  Animal  Econ 
omy;  Education  in  Relation  to  the  Health 
of  the  Brain;  Mental  Hygiene;  and  Medi 
cal  Jurisprudence  of  Insanity.  He  died 
March  31,  1881,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RAY,  JAMES  BROWN,  governor,  was 
born  Feb.  19,  1794.  in  Jefferson  county,  Ky. 
He  was  governor  of  Indiana  from  1825  to 
1831.  He  died  Aug.  4,  1848,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

RAY,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  14,  1816,  in  Washington  county, 
Mo.  .He  removed  to  Monroe,  La.,  and  took 
high  rank  in  his.  profession.  He  was 
elected  in  1844  to  the  state  house  of  repre 
sentatives,  and  in  1850  to  the  state  senate. 
In  1854  and  again  in  1859  he  was  nomi 
nated  by  the  whigs  for  lieutenant-gov 
ernor.  He  died  March  4,  1888,  in  New  Or 
leans.  La. 


774 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


RAY,   JOSEPH,   educator,   mathematic 
ian,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1807,  in  Vir 
ginia.     He   received  his  degree   of  M.   D. 
from  the  Ohio  Medi 
cal  college;    and  was 
for  a  time  surgeon  in 
the  Cincinnati  hospi 
tal.      During    1834-51 
he  held  the  chair  of 
mathematics  in 
Woodward      college; 
JMUar  and  from  about  1849 

he  was  president  of 
the  board  of  direct 
ors  of  the  Cincinnati 
House  of  Refuge.  He 
published  an  eclectic 
series  of  arithmetics  long  popular  in  the 
western  states.  He  died  April  17,  1865, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

RAY,  JOSEPH  WARREN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  25,  1849,  in 
Greene  county,  Pa.  He  has  practiced  his 
profession  since  1876  in  Waynesburg,  Pa.; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress 
as  a  republican. 

RAY,  OSS1AN,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1835,  in 
Hinesburg,  Vt.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  New  Hampshire  state  legislature  in 
1868  and  1869.  He  was  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  in  1879  and  1880.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  forty-sixth  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

RAY,  WILLIAM,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
8,  1771,  in  Salisbury,  Conn.  He  was  the 
author  of  Horrors  of  Slavery;  and  a  book 
of  poems.  He  died  in  1827  in  Auburn, 
N.  Y. 

RAY,  WILLIAM  H.,  merchant,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1812,  in 
Dutchees  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
from  Illinois  to  the  forty-third  congress. 
RAYMOND,  ANDREW  VAN  VRANK- 
EN,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  Aug.  8,  1854,  in  Vischer's  Ferry,  N. 
Y.  This  eminent  clergyman  was  pastor  of 
the  Fourth  Presbyterian  church  of  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.,  for  eight  years;  and  since 
1895  has  been  president  of  the  Union  col 
lege  of  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

RAYMOND,  ANNIE  LOUISE  CARY,  vo 
calist,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1842,  in  Wayne, 
Maine.  She  is  one  of  the  most  noted 
concert  singers  in  the  United  States. 

RAYMOND,  BENJAMIN  WRIGHT, 
merchant,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1801,  in  Rome, 
N.  Y.  In  1839  he  was  elected  the  third 
mayor  of  Chicago,  and  he  was  re-elected 
in  1842.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  of 
the  city  of  Lake  Forest,  a  founder  of  Lake 
Forest  university  and  president  of  its 
board  of  trustees;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  Beloit  college 
and  Rockford  Female  seminary.  In  1864 
he  organized  the  Elgin  National  Watch 
company,  and  became  its  president.  He 
died  April  5,  1883,  in  Chicago,  111. 

RAYMOND,  CHARLES  W.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  orator,  was  born  in  Dubuque,  Iowa. 
His  fiithi-r.  William  M.  Raymond,  was 
captain  of  company 
C,  fifty-second  Indi 
ana  volunteer  in 
fantry,  and  lost  his 
life  in  the  battle  of 
Nashville.  Charles 
W.  Raymond  was 
educated  at  the 
Grand  Prairie  semi 
nary  of  Onarga,  111., 
and  at  the  Wabash 
college.  He  attained 
prominence  at  the 
Illinois  bar  at  Wat- 
seka;  and  was 
the  State  Bar  asso- 


vice-presidont    of 


ciation  when  Lyman  Trumbull  was  pres 
ident.  In  1895-96  he  was  president  of  the 
Republican  league  of  Illinois;  and  was 
chairman  of  the  Illinois  delegation  of  the 
National  Republican  league  convention  at 
Cleveland  in  1895.  In  1894  he  was  elected 
a  judge;  and  in  1897  was  tendered  the  po 
sition  of  United  States  civil  service  com 
missioner.  He  has  delivered  numerous 
public  addresses  throughout  the  United 
States  on  current  subjects. 

RAYMOND,  GEORGE  LANSING,  edu 
cator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1839, 
in  Chicago,  111.  He  is  a  professor  of  ora 
tory  at  Princeton  college  from  1881.  His 
writings  in  verse  include  Colony  ballads; 
A  Life  in  Song;  Ballads  of  the  Revolu 
tion,  and  Other  Poems;  Sketches  in  Song; 
and  Pictures  in  Verse.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Orator's  Manual;  Modern  Fishers 
of  Men,  a  novel;  Poetry  as  a  Representa 
tive  Art;  The  Genesis  of  Art  Form;  Art 
in  Theory;  Painting,  Sculpture,  and  Archi 
tecture  as  Representative  Arts;  Rhythm 
and  Harmony  in  Poetry  and  Music;  and 
Ideals  Made  Real. 

RAYMOND,  HENRY  JARVIS,  journal 
ist,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1820,  in  Lima, 
N.  Y.  In  1849  he  was  elected  to  the  New 
York  state  assembly;  was  re-elected  and 
made  speaker.  In  1851  he  established  the 
New  York  Times.  He  was  subsequently 
chosen  lieutenant-governor  of  New  York; 
and  was  again  elected  to  the  state  legisla 
ture.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress.  He  was  the  author  of  Life  of 
Lincoln;  Political  Lessons  of  the  Revolu 
tion;  History  of  the  Administration  of 
Lincoln;  and  Letters  to  Mr.  Yancey.  He 
died  June  18,  1869,  in  New  York  city. 

RAYMOND,  JAMES,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1796  in  Connecticut.  In  1844 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Maryland 
house  of  delegates,  and  in  1847  he  was  ap 
pointed  state's  attorney.  He  published 
Digest  of  the  Maryland  Chancery  Decis 
ion;  and  Political,  a  book  in  opposition  to 
Knownothingism  as  a  phase  of  politics  in 
the  state  of  Maryland.  He  died  in  January, 
1858,  in  Westminster,  Md. 

RAYMOND,  JEROME  HALE,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  March  10, 
1869,  in  Clinton,  Iowa.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  of 
Chicago,  111.;  the 
Northwestern  acad 
emy  of  Evanston ; 
received  the  degrees 
of  A.  B.  and  A.  M. 
from  the  Northwest 
ern  university,  and 
the  degree  of  Ph.  D. 
from  the  university 
of  Chicago.  He  has 
been  professor  of 
history  and  political 
science  in  the  Law- 
ror.ce  university;  lecturer  in  sociology  in 
the  university  of  Chicago;  professor  of 
sociology  in  the  university  of  Wisconsin; 
and  since  1897  has  been  president  of  the 
West  Virginia  university.  As  an  educator 
his  work  has  been  chiefly  in  university 
extension. 

RAYMOND,  JOHN  BALDWIN,  soldier, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  5, 
1844,  in  Lockport,  N.  Y.  He  served 
in  the  union  army  throughout  the  war  of 
the  rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  cap 
tain.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  United 
States  marshal  for  the  territory  of  Dako 
ta,  and  served  fl\e  years,  declining  a  re- 
appointment.  He  was  elected  the  delegate 
from  Dakota  to  the  forty-eighth  congress 
as  a  republican.  He  died  Dec.  27.  1885. 


RAYMOND,  LEVI  BEARDSLEY,  sol 
dier,  journalist,  was  born  July  3,  1838,  in 
Alleghany  county,  N.  Y.  For  over  twenty 
years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  school 
board  of  Hampton,  Iowa;  was  county  su 
perintendent  of  schools  during  1867-69, 
and  again  in  1875-76.  He  is  the  editor  and 
part  owner  of  the  Franklin  County  Re 
corder  of  Hampton,  Iowa;  has  been  post 
master;  and  since  1896  has  been  trustee 
of  the  Iowa  Soldiers'  home. 

RAYMOND,  MINER,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  29,  1811,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  a  methodist  clergyman  of  Illinois, 
theological  professor  in  Garrett  Biblical 
institute  at  Evanston,  111.,  from  1864;  and 
the  author  of  Systematic  Theology. 

RAYMOND,  ROBERT  RAIKES,  jour 
nalist,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1819 
in  New  York  city.  He  edited  the  Syracuse 
Free  Democrat  in  1852,  and  the  Evening 
Chronicle  in  1853-54,  and  was  professor  of 
elocution  and  English  in  Brooklyn  Poly 
technic  institute  from  1857  till  1864.  He 
published  Gems  from  Tupper;  Little  Don 
Quixote,  from  the  German;  and  Patriotic- 
Speaker.  He  died  Nov.  16,  1888,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

RAYMOND.  ROSSITER  WORTHING- 
TON,  civil  engineer,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  April  27,  1840,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  mining  engineer  of  Brook 
lyn,  editor  of  The  Engineering  and  Min 
ing  Journal  from  1868.  Among  his  tech 
nical  and  other  writings  are  included, 
Mines  and  Mining  of  the  Rocky  Moun 
tains;  Mines,  Mills,  and  Furnaces  of  the 
Pacific  Slope;  Silver  and  Gold;  Brave 
Hearts,  a  novel;  The  Man  in  the  Moon, 
and  Other  People;  The  Book  of  Job;  Es 
says  and  a  Metrical  Paraphrase;  The  Mer- 
ry-Go-Round;  and  Two  Ghosts,  and  Other 
Tales. 

RAYMOND,  SARAH  E.,  educator,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1842,  in  Big 
Grove,  III.  She  was  educated  at  the  public 
high  school  and  acad 
emy;  by  private  tu 
tors  in  various 
branches;  and  in  1866 
graduated  from  a 
three  years'  course  in 
the  Illinois  State 
Normal  university. 
She  has  become  one 
of  the  most  distin 
guished  educators  in 
Illinois.  In  1866-68 
she  was  an  instruct 
or  at  the  Fowler  in 
stitute  of  Newark,  111.;  then  for  six  years 
in  the  schools  of  Bloomington,  111.;  and  in 
1874  was  elected  secretary  of  the  school 
board  and  superintendent  of  all  the 
Bloomington  city  schools,  which  position 
she  held  for  eighteen  years,  resigning  in 
August,  1892.  She  was  the  first  woman 
in  the  United  States  elected  to  the  posi 
tion  of  superintendent  of  city  schools.  She 
was  president  of  the  Central  Illinois  Tea 
chers'  association;  president  of  the  Wo 
men's  State  Teachers'  association;  presi 
dent  of  the  Bloomington  Public  library  for 
ten  years,  and  one  of  its  directors  for 
nineteen  years;  and  for  several  years  she 
was  president  of  the  Woman's  Educa 
tional  association  of  the  Illinois  Wesleyan 
university.  Since  1892  she  has  resided  in 
Boston,  engaged  in  literary  work. 

RAYNER,  ISIDOR,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  April  11,  1850. 
In  1878  he  was  elected  to  the  Maryland 
legislature  for  two  years.  In  1886  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  from  Baltimore 
City  for  four  years;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fiftieth  and  fifty-second  congresses, 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  democrat. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


775 


RAYNER,  KENNETH,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  in  1808  in 
Bertie  county,  N.  C.  In  1835  he  was  a 
member  of  the  North  Carolina  house  of 
commons,  and  the  same  year  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  comention  to  revise  the  state 
constitution.  He  served  again  in  the  lo 
cal  legislature  in  1836  and  1838;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1839 
to  1845,  and  a  presidential  elector  in  1848. 
In  1846,  for  the  third  time,  he  went  into 
the  legislature.  In  1866  he  published  the 
Life  and  Services  of  Andrew  Johnson.  In 
1877  he  was  appointed  solicitor  of  the 
treasury  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
Feb.  5,  1884,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

RAYNOLDS,  L.  D.,  journalist,  was  born 
Sept.  24,  1847,  in  Ohio.  He  is  now  the  edi 
tor  and  owner  of  the  Chicago  Express, 
the  oldest  reform  paper  in  the  United 
States. 

RAYNOR,  ARLINGTON,  lecturer,  was 
born  July  7.  1872,  in  New  York  city.  He 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  lecturer  in 
New  York  city,  where  he  is  secretary  for 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  association. 

REA,  DAVID,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  19,  1831,  in  Ripley  county, 
Ind.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of  Savannah, 
Mo.;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  forty-fifth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

REA,  JOHN,  soldier,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1755  in  Pennsylvania.  He  served 
during  the  revolutionary  war;  was  sev 
eral  times  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
state  house  of  representatives,  and  was 
five  times  elected  as  a  democrat  to  con 
gress,  serving  from  1803  till  1815,  except 
in  1811-13.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1829.  in 
Chambersturg,  Pa. 

REA,  JOHN  PATTERSON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1840,  in 
Chester  county,  Pa.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  county;  attended, 
the  Hopewell  academy;  and  graduated  in 
1867  in  the  classical  course  from  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  unh  ersity.  During  the  war  he 
was  second  lieutenant,  first  lieutenant  and 
captain  in  the  first  regiment  of  the  Ohio 
volunteer  cavalry;  was  brevet  major 
United  States  volunteer,  and  subsequently 
was  captain  company  A,  first  regiment 
Minnesota  national  guard;  and  then  brig 
adier-general.  He  has  been  judge  of  the 
probate  court  of  Hennepin  county,  Minn.; 
district  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Minnesota;  and  in  1876-77  was  edi 
tor  of  the  Minneapolis  Tribune.  He  is 
prominent  in  the  business  and  political  af 
fairs  of  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and  stands 
high  in  several  fraternal  orders. 

REA,  MRS.  JULIE  [FOSTER],  singer, 
author,  was  born  in  1814,  in  England. 
She  was  an  opera  singer  and  dramatic 
critic  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of 
The  Ins  and  Outs  of  Paris;  Italy  and  the 
War  of  1859;  and  Parisian  Pickings.  She 
died  in  1866. 

READ.  ABNER,  na\al  officer,  was  born 
April  5,  1821,  in  Urbana,  Ohio.  He  served 
with  distinction  in  the  civil  war  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  commodore.  He  died 
July  12,  1863,  in  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

READ,  ALMON  H.,  state  legislator, 
state  senator,  was  born  June  12,  1790,  in 
Shelburne,  Vt.  He  was  frequently  elected 
to  the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature;  and 
also  to  the  senate.  In  1840  he  was 
appointed  treasurer  of  the  state;  and.  in 
1841  was  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the 
national  house  of  representatives;  and 
re-elected  to  the  succeeding  congress.  He 
died  June  3,  1844,  in  Montrose,  Pa. 


READ,  BENJAMIN  M.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  September,  1854,  in  Las 
Cruces,  N.  M.  He  has  been  private  sec 
retary  to  Governors  L.  A.  Sheldon  and  E. 
G.  Ross.  He  has  been  a  translator  of  the 
New  Mexico  laws;  professor  of  English 
and  Spanish;  and  in  1885  was  admitted 
to  the  supreme  court  of  New  Mexico.  In 
1890-91  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  Mex 
ico  legislature;  has  been  vice-president 
for  New  Mexico  of  the  National  Repub 
lican  league,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
conventions  of  the  National  Republican 
league  in  1894  and  in  1896.  He  has  been 
pension  agent;  and  since  1876  has  been  a 
delegate  to  nearly  all  the  republican  ter 
ritorial  conventions  in  New  Mexico. 

READ,  COLLINSON,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1751,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  appointed  deputy  register  of  wills 
for  the  county,  and  afterward  practiced 
law  in  Philadelphia.  He  published  a  Di 
gest  of  the  Laws  of  Pennsylvania;  Abridg 
ment  of  the  Laws  of  Pennsylvania;  Amer 
ican  Pleader's  Assistant;  and  Precedents 
in  the  Office  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace. 
He  died  March  1,  1815,  in  Reading,  Pa. 

READ,  DANIEL,  composer,  was  born 
Nov.  16,  1757,  in  Attleborough,  Mass.  He 
published  in  1791  The  American  Singing- 
Book,  or  a  New  and  Easy  Guide  to  the 
Art  of  Psalmody;  and  in  1793  Columbian 
Harmony,  a  collection  of  devotional  mu 
sic.  Subsequently  he  published  a  New 
Collection  of  Psalm-Tunes,  which  came  to 
be  known  as  the  Litchfield  Collection, 
containing  many  tunes  of  his  own  compo 
sition  (Dedham,  1805),  Windham,  Green 
wich,  Sherburne,  Russia,  Stafford,  and 
others  of  Read's  hymn-tunes  are  still  in 
general  use  in  American  churches.  He 
died  in  1841,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

READ,  DANIEL,  educator,  college  pres 
ident,  was  bcrn  June  24,  1805,  in  Marietta, 
Ohio.  In  1856  he  became  professor  of 
mental  and  moral  philosophy  in  Wiscon 
sin  unh  ersity,  and  in  1863  entered  on  the 
piesidency  of  Missouri  State  university, 
Columbia,  which  office  he  filled  until  1876. 
He  died  Oct.  3,  1878,  in  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

READ,  GEORGE,  signer  of  declaration 
of  independence,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1733, 
in  Cecil  county,  Md.  He  was  made  at 
torney-general  cf  the  three  lower  coun 
ties  on  the  Delaware  in  1763,  and  held  the 
office  until  he  was  chosen  a  delegate  to 
congress  in  1775.  In  1776  he  was  a  signer 
of  the  declaration  of  independence.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  United 
States  senate,  serving  from  1789  to  1793; 
and  was  then  appointed  chief  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Delaware,  in  which 
office  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1798. 
He  died  Sept.  21,  1798. 

READ,  GEORGE  CAMPBELL,  naval 
officer,  was  born  about  1787,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  promoted  commander  in  1816, 
and  captain  in  1825;  took  charge  of  the 
East  India  squadron  in  1840,  and  of  the 
squadron  en  the  coast  of  Africa  in  1846. 
He  died  Aug.  22,  1862,  in  Philadelphia. 

READ,  HOLLIS,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  26,  1802,  in  Newfane,  Vt. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  foreign  mission 
ary,  who  after  1835  was  settled  over  var 
ious  New  Jersey  parishes.  He  was  the 
author  of  Journal  in  India;  The  Hand  of 
God  in  History,  a  very  popular  book  at 
one  time:  The  Palace  of  the  Great  King; 
India  and  Its  People;  The  Coming  Crisis 
of  the  World;  The  Negro  Problem  Solved; 
and  The  Devil  in  History.  He  died  April 
7,  1887,  in  Somerville,  N.  J. 

READ,  J.,  congressman.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  continental 
congress  in  1787  and  1788. 


READ,  JACOB,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  state  senator,  was  born  1752,  in 
South  Carolina.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
South  Carolina  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1783  to  1786;  and  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  from  that  state  for 
the  term  from  1795  to  1802.  In  1801  he 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  of  South  Carolina.  He  died 
July  17,  1816,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

READ,  JANE  MARIA,  author,  was  born 
in  1853,  in  Massachusetts.  She  is  poet  of 
Colebrook  Springs,  Mass.,  who  has  pub 
lished  Between  the  Centuries,  and  Other 
Poems. 

READ,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
was  born  July  7,  1769,  in  Newcastle,  Del. 
He  was  appointed  in  1797  agent-general 
of  the  United  States  under  Jay's  treaty, 
and  held  that  office  until  its  expiration  in 
1809.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  su 
preme  and  common  councils  of  Philadel 
phia  and  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature, 
and  in  1816  chairman  of  its  celebrated 
committee  of  seventeen.  He  succeeded 
Nicholas  Biddle  in  the  Pennsylvania  sen 
ate  in  1816.  He  died  July  13,  1854,  in 
Trenton,  N.  J. 

READ,  JOHN,  lawyer,  was  born  about 
1673  in  Mendon,  Mass.  He  was  an  ac 
tive  member  of  the  provincial  house  of 
representatues,  and  of  the  council  during 
Governor  William  Shirley's  administra 
tion.  He  contributed  greatly  to  the  re 
form  of  legal  phraseology,  being  the  first 
tc  reduce  the  antiquated  forms  and  re 
dundant  phrases  of  deeds  of  conveyance 
to  simpler  and  clearer  language.  He  died 
Feb.  7,  1749,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

READ,  JOHN  MEREDITH,  lawyer,  dip 
lomat,  author,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1837,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  who  was  minister  to  Greece 
in  1873-79,  and  subsequently  filled  other 
important  diplomatic  positions.  He  was 
the  author  of  An  Historical  Inquiry  Con 
cerning  Hendrick  Hudson.  He  died  in 
1896. 

READ,  LAZARUS  H.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
In  1853  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Utah. 

READ,  MATTHEW  CANFIELD,  law 
yer,  lecturer,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1823,  in 
Williamsfield,  Ohio.  During  the  war  he 
was  United  States  sanitary  commissioner; 
has  been  collector  of  revenue;  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  geological  corps:  and  lec 
turer  on  biology  and  practical  geology. 

READ,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  2,  1759,  in  War 
ren,  Mass.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1800 
to  1803.  He  removed  to  Hallowell,  Maine, 
and  was  for  many  years  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1849, 
near  Belfast,  Maine. 

READ,  NELL  M.,  educator,  poet,  was  . 
born  Aug.  4,  1873,  in  Carimona,  Minn. 
She  has  attained  success  in  educational 
work,  and  still  resides  in  her  native  state 
at  Preston.  She  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  current  literature,  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 

READ,  OPIE,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  in  1852,  in  Tennessee.  He  is  a  jour 
nalist  now  living  in  Chicago,  who  edited 
The  Arkansaw  Tra\  eler  for  some  years, 
and  whose  studies  of  Arkansas  life  have 
been  widely  read.  He  is  the  author  of  My 
Young  Master;  An  Arkansaw  Planter; 
Len  Gansett;  Up  Terrapin  River;  A  Ken 
tucky  Colonel;  On  the  Suwannee  River; 
Miss  Polly  Lopp,  and  Other  Stories;  The 
Captain's  Romance;  and  The  Jucklins,  a 
novel. 


776 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


READ,  THEODORE,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  April  11,  1836,  in  Athens,  Ohio. 
He  served  in  various  battles  in  General 
Grant's  campaign,  and  in  1864  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  for 
services  in  the  field.  He  lost  his  life  in 
the  last  encounter  between  the  armies  of 
Generals  Grant  and  Lee.  He  died  April 
5,  18C5,  in  Farmville,  Va. 

READ,  THOMAS,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1740,  in  New  Castle,  Del.  He  was 
the  first  naval  officer  to  obtain  the  rank 
of  commodore  in  the  American  navy.  He 
died  Oct.  26,  1788,  in  White  Hill,  N.  J. 

READ.  THOMAS,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  March,  1746,  in  Chester  county,  Pa. 
In  August,  1777,  he  performed  an  import 
ant  service  for  the  American  cause  by 
drawing  for  General  Washington  a  map 
that  showed  the  topography  of  the  coun 
try  and  a  route  by  which  he  could  retreat 
from  Stanton,  and  avoid  a  conflict  with 
the  superior  British  force  that  had  landed 
at  Elk  ferry,  and  was  advancing  on  the 
American  camp.  He  died  June  14,  1823, 
in  Wilmington,  Del. 

READ,  THOMAS  B.,  state  senator.  He 
•was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Missis 
sippi  from  1826  to  1827,  and  also  during 
the  session  of  1829.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1829, 
in  Lexington,  Ky. 

READ,  THOMAS  BUCHANAN,  artist, 
poet,  was  born  March  12,  1822,  in  Chester 
county,  Pa.  He  was  a  poet  and  artist  of 
Philadelphia,  whose  later  years  were 
spent  in  Florence  and  Rome.  As  a  poet 
he  is  best  known  by  the  famous  Sheri 
dan's  Ride;  Drifting;  and  The  Closing 
Scene;  and  it  is  by  these  poems  that  he 
will  continue  to  be  remembered.  He  is 
the  author  of  Poems;  Lays  and  Ballads; 
The  Pilgrims  of  the  Great  St.  Bernard, 
a  prose  romance;  The  New  Pastoral; 
The  House  by  the  Sea;  The  Wagoner  of 
the  Alleghanies,  in  which  occurs  the  fine 
lyric  beginning,  The  maid  who  binds  her 
warrior's  sash;  Sylvia;  A  Voyage  to  Ice 
land;  A  Summer  Story;  and  Sheridan's 
Ride,  and  Other  Poems.  His  complete 
poems  were  issued  in  1882.  He  died  May 
11,  1872,  in  New  York  city. 

READ,  WILLIAM  B.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1820, 
In  Hardin  county,  Ky.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  of  Kentucky  in  1857, 
and  again  in  1861.  He  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  of  Kentucky  in  1867;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

READE,  EDWIN  G.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1812,  in  Orange 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  from  North 
Carolina  a  representative  in  congress  in 
1855,  serving  until  1857. 

READER,  FRANK  S.,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Nov.  17,  3842,  in  Coal  Cen 
ter,  Pa.  He  served  as  a  soldier  during 
the  civil  war  in  the 
second  regiment  Vir 
ginia  volunteer  in 
fantry;  and  in  1863 
changed  to  the  fifth 
regiment  of  the 
West  Virginia  cav 
alry.  He  was  cap 
tured  on  June  20, 
1864,  and  subse 
quently  escaped.  For 
several  years  he  was 
a  clergyman  .in  the 
methodist  church, 
but  retired  on  account  of  ill-health.  In 
1874  he  established  the  Beaver  Valley 
News  of  New  Brighton.  Pa.;  and  began 
the  daily  edition  in  1893.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Life  of  Moody  and  Sankey;  A  His 
tory  of  the  Fifth  West  Virginia  Cavalry; 
and  has  contributed  various  historical 


sketches  and  other  articles  to  the  periodi 
cal  press  generally. 

READING,  JOHN  R.,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1826,  in  Phila 
delphia  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-first  congress. 

READY,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1802,  in 
Readyville,  Tenn.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Tennessee  legislature  in  1835,  and 
closely  identified  with  the  organization 
of  the  judiciary.  By  special  commission 
he  twice  presided  in  the  supreme  court  of 
Tennessee.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  in  1853, 
to  which  position  he  was  twice  re-elected. 

READY,  SAMUEL,  philanthropist,  was 
born  March  8,  1789,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  obtained  a  charter  in  1864,  and,  hav 
ing  no  immediate  family,  left  $371,000, 
constituting  the  bulk  of  his  fortune,  as 
an  endowment  for  the  Samuel  Ready 
asylum.  The  institution,  which  is  in  the 
northern  part  of  Baltimore,  was  opened 
in  1888.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1871,  in  Balti 
more,  Md. 

REAGAN,  JOHN  HENNINGER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  8. 
1818,  in  Sevier  county,  Tenn.  He  was  ap 
pointed  deputy  surveyor  in  the  republic  of 
Texas  in  1840;  and  in  1843  was  a  justice 
of  the  peace,  and  a  militia  captain.  In 
1846  he  was  probate  judge  and  colonel  of 
militia;  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
legislature  in  1847.  He  was  a  judge  of 
the  district  court  from  1852  to  1857;  and 
in  1856  was  elected  a  member  of  the  thir 
ty-fifth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-sixth  congress;  withdrew  in 
February,  1861,  and  became  postmaster- 
general  of  the  confederate  government. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  representative  from  Texas, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth,  for 
ty-sixth,  "forty-seventh,  forty-eighth  and 
forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat;  and 
became  a  United  States  senator  in  1887. 

REALF,  RICHARD,  soldier,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  June  14,  1834,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  journalist  and  poet  of 
Pittsburg  who  was  a  federal  officer  during 
the  civil  war.  He  was  the  author  of 
Guesses  at  the  Beautiful.  He  died  Oct. 
28,  1878,  in  Oakland,  Cal. 

REAM,  VINNIE,  sculptor,  was  born  in 
1S50,  in  Mississippi.  She  has  modeled 
characteristic  busts  of  Horace  Greeley 
and  Senator  Sherman;  and  her  bust  of 
Liszt  and  her  America,  or  the  Four  Sis 
ters,  have  been  much  talked  about. 

REAMY,  THADDEUS  ASBURY,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  April  28, 
1829,  in  Frederick  county,  Va.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  university;  and  the  degree  of 
LL.  D.  from  Cornell  college.  He  has  been 
professor  of  clinical  gynaecology  in  the 
Medical  college  of  Ohio,  and  in  the  med 
ical  department  of  the  Cincinnati  univer 
sity.  He  has  also  been  gynaecologist  to 
the  Cincinnati  hospital,  the  Good  Sam 
aritan  hospital,  and  the  Woman's  hos 
pital.  He  is  the  proprietor  of  a  large 
prhate  hospital  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  is 
a  member  of  the  leading  medical  bodies 
of  Europe  and  America;  and  a  well  known 
writer  on  medical  and  surgical  diseases 
of  women. 

REAVIS,  ISAAC,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Illinois.  He  removed  to  Nebras 
ka,  and  was  appointed  from  that  terri 
tory  an  associate  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Arizona, 
residing  in  Arizona  City. 


REAVIS,  LOGAN  URIAH,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  March  26,  1831,  in  San- 
gamon  Bottom,  111.  He  was  a  St.  Louis 
journalist,  who  published  St.  Louis,  the 
Future  Great  City  of  the  World;  Life  of 
Horace  Greeley;  Thoughts  for  the  Young 
Men  and  Women  of  America;  Life  of  Gen 
eral  Harney;  and  Railway  and  River  Sys 
tem.  He  died  April  25,  1889,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 

RECTOR,  ELBR1DGE  LEE,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1847,  in  Seguin, 
Texas.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
university  of  Virginia;  and  since  1877  has 
been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in 
San  Saba,  Texas.  He  has  always  been  a 
student  of  political  economy;  has  con 
tributed  articles  on  monetary  topics  to 
the  American  Magazine  of  Civics;  and  is 
the  author  of  a  work  entitled  The  Science 
of  Exchange. 

RECTOR,  HENRY  M.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Arkansas  from  1860  to 
1864. 

REDDALL,  HENRY  FREDERICK, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1852, 
in  England.  He  has  been  a  contributor  to 
periodicals  under  the  pen-name  of  Fred 
eric  Alldred.  Since  1881  he  has  been  as 
sociate  editor  of  The  People's  Cyclopaedia. 
He  has  published  From  the  Golden  Gate 
to  the  Golden  Horn;  Who  Was  He?,  six 
historical  sketches;  School-Boy  Days  in 
Merrie  England;  Courtship,  'Love  and 
Wedlock;  and  Fancy,  Fact  and  Fable. 

REDE,  WYLLYS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  7,  1859,  in  Monmouth,  111. 
He  graduated  from  Williams  college  in 
1882;  studied  at  the  General  Theo 
logical  seminary  of  New  York;  and  spent 
a  year  in  the  post-graduate  study  at  Ox 
ford  university.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in 
Maine,  Virginia  and  Maryland,  and  is 
now  rector  of  the  Emanuel  church  of 
Rockford,  111.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Communion  of  Saints;  Striving  for  the 
Mastery;  and  other  works. 

REDFIELD,  AMASA  ANGELL,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  May  19,  1837,  in  Clyde, 
Wayne  county,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  lawyer  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Hand 
book  of  United  States  Tax  Laws;  Law 
and  Practice  of  Surrogates'  Courts;  and 
Reports  of  Surrogates'  Courts  of  New 
York  State,  1864-82. 

REDFIELD,  ISAAC  FLETCHER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  April  10, 
1804,  in  Wethersfield,  Vt.  He  was  a  lawyer 
who  was  chief  justice  of  Vermont  in  1852- 
60,  and  a  resident  of  Boston  after  the  lat 
ter  date.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Law 
of  Railways;  The  Law  of  Wills;  Law  of 
Carriers  and  Bailments;  Leading  Amer 
ican  Railway  Cases;  and  Civil  Pleading. 
He  died  March  23,  1876,  in  Charlestown, 
Mass. 

REDFIELD,  JOHN  HOWARD,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  July  10,  1815,  in 
Cromwell,  Conn.  He  was  appointed  con 
servator  of  the  herbarium  of  the  Philadel 
phia  academy  of  Natural  Sciences  in  1876, 
and  he  has  contributed  botanical  papers 
to  the  Bulletin  of  the  Torrey  Botanical 
Club,  and  to  the  Botanical  Gazette.  He 
has  also  published  Genealogical  History  of 
the  Redfield  Family  in  the  United  States. 

REDFIELD,  WILLIAM  CHARLES,  me 
teorologist,  author,  was  born  March  26, 
1789,  in  Middletown,  Conn.  He  conceived 
the  fundamental  idta  of  his  famous  law 
of  storms  as  early  as  1821,  and  promul 
gated  his  theory  in  1831.  He  was  first 
president  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  He  was 
the  author  of  On  Whirlwind  Storms;  and 
other  works.  He  died  Feb.  12,  1857,  in 
New  York  city. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


777 


REDING,  JOHN  R.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1841  to  1845;  and  from  1853  to  1858 
held  the  office  of  naval  storekeeper  at 
Portsmouth. 

REDMAN,  JOHN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  27,  1722,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  On  the  foundation  of  the  Philadelphia 
college  of  Physicians  in  1786  he  was 
chosen  president  of  that  body,  and  for 
many  years  he  was  one  of  the  physicians 
of  the  city  hospital.  He  died  March  19, 
1808,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

REDPATH,  JAMES,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1833.  He  was  a  New  York 
journalist  for  many  years  on  the  staff  of 
The  Tribune,  and  prominent  as  an  aboli 
tionist.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Rov 
ing  Editor;  Handbook  of  Kansas  Terri 
tory;  Public  Life  of  Captain  John  Brown; 
Echoes  of  Harper's  Ferry;  Guide  to 
Hayti;  and  Talks  About  Ireland.  He  died 
Feb.  10,  1891,  in  New  York  city. 

REDWAY,  JACQUES  WARDLAW,  ge 
ographer,  educator,  author,  was  born  May 
5,  1849,  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  is  a  geog 
rapher  and  educator  of  California,  and 
the  author  of  Complete  Geography;  Man 
ual  of  Physical  Geography;  and  Manual 
of  Geography  and  Travel. 

REDWINE,  HYRAM  G.,  educator,  law 
yer,  was  born  April  6,  1868,  in  Graves 
county,  Ky.  He  attended  the  West  Ken 
tucky  college  of  Mayfield;  and  the  North 
ern  Indiana  Law  school  of  Valparaiso. 
For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work;  was  editor  of  the  Repub 
lican  of  Marshall.  Ark.;  and  since  1893 
has  practiced  law  with  success  at  Salmon, 
Idaho. 

REDWINE,  ROBERT  B.,  merchant, 
lawyer,  was  born  July  12,  1860,  in  Union 
county,  N.  C.  Early  in  life  he  became  a 
successful  farmer  and  merchant;  and  sub 
sequently  turned  his  attention  to  law; 
taking  a  course  at  Bingham  school,  and 
later  graduated  from  the  law  school  of  the 
university  of  North  Carolina.  He  has 
attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Monroe,  N.  C.;  was  presidential  elector 
on  the  national  democratic  ticket  in  1896; 
and  takes  a  prominent  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

REDWOOD,  ABRAHAM,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  in  1709,  in  the  West  In 
dies.  He  was  a  Quaker,  and  founder  of 
the  Redwood  library,  to  which  he  gave 
five  hundred  pounds.  He  died  March  3, 
1788,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

REED,  ANNA  MORRISON,  author,  lec 
turer,  poet,  was  born  in  Dubuque,  Iowa. 
Besides  writing  for  the  press  east  and 
west,  she  published 
between  1880  and 
1896  two  different 
editions  of  her  po 
ems,  a  third  compil 
ation  being  about 
to  issue.  She  has 
been  called  on  to  lec 
ture  before  the  Agri 
cultural  association 
of  Northern  Califor 
nia;  and  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the 
commissioners  on 
the  state  board  for  the  Columbian  exposi 
tion  in  1892.  Her  organizing  talents  won 
her  the  distinction  of  again  being  solicited 
to  aid  in  raising  funds  for  the  Midwinter 
Fair  of  San  Francisco  the  following  year, 
in  which  she  was  eminently  successful. 
She  is  a  life  member  of  the  Pacific  Coast 
Woman's  Press  association.  A  native  of 
Iowa. 

REED,  CALEB,  journalist,  was  born 
April  22.  1797.  in  West  Bridgewater,  Mass. 


He  was  a  believer  in  the  doctrines  of 
Swedenborg,  and  for  more  than  twenty 
years  edited  the  New  Jerusalem  Maga 
zine,  demoted  to  their  promulgation.  He 
published  The  General  Principles  of  Eng 
lish  Grammar.  He  died  Oct.  14,  1854,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

REED,  CHARLES  ANDREW,  lawyer, 
author,  publisher,  was  born  June  16,  1836, 
in  Weymouth,  Mass.  During  1881-82  he 
v.'as  a  member  of  the  house  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  state  legislature;  and  in  1886-87 
was  a  member  of  the  senate.  During 
1879-94  he  was  city  solicitor  of  Taunton, 
and  in  1895  was  elected  mayor.  He  is 
secretary  of  the  Old  Colony  Historical 
society,  and  has  written  various  articles 
of  local  history. 

REED,  CHARLES  M.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1843  to  1845. 

REED,  DAVID,  scholar,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Feb.  6,  1790,  in  Easton,  Mass. 
He  founded  the  Christian  Register  in 
Boston  in  1821 ;  and  was  one  of  the  found 
ers  of  the  American  Anti-Slavery  society 
in  1828.  He  died  June  7,  1870,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

REED,  EDWARD  C.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  8,  1793,  in  Fitzwil- 
liam,  N.  H.  He  settled  at  Homer,  N.  Y., 
as  a  lawyer;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1831  to 
1833. 

REED,  EDWIN,  scholar,  author,  was 
born  in  1835,  in  Bath,  Maine.  He  is  a 
Shakespearean  scholar  who  has  published 
Bacon  vs.  Shakspere,  a  history  of  the  con 
troversy,  with  arguments  pro  and  con. 

REED,  ELIZABETH  ARMSTRONG,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  16,  1842,  in  Winthrop, 
Maine.  She  is  the  author  of  The  Bible 
Triumphant;  Earnest  Words;  and  Hindu 
Literature. 

REED,  EMILIE  McKIM,  was  born  May 
10,  1840,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  She  repre 
sented  Maryland  in  the  Woman's  Pavil 
ion  in  the  Centennial  exposition  of  1876; 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  lady  man 
agers  at  the  World's  Columbian  expo 
sition  at  Chicago;  and  was  appointed  by 
the  governor  of  Maryland  as  chairman 
of  the  woman's  committee  for  Maryland 
for  the  Atlanta  exposition.  For  seventeen 
years  she  has  been  president  of  the  Balti 
more  Decorative  Art  society;  and  secre 
tary  and  vice-president  respectively  of  the 
National  and  Maryland  Society  of  Colonial 
Dames  of  America. 

REED,  GEORGE  E.,  journalist,  was 
born  Feb.  4,  1872,  in  Shippensburg,  Pa. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Ob 
server  of  Prairie  Depot,  Ohio;  and  has 
contributed  extensively  to  periodical  lit 
erature.  In  1896-97  he  was  enrolling  clerk 
of  the  Ohio  house  of  representatives;  and 
has  filled  various  other  public  positions  of 
trust. 

REED,  GEORGE  EDWARD,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  March  28, 
1846,  in  Brownville,  Maine.  This  eminent 
clergyman  is  the  honored  president  of 
Dickinson  college  of  Carlisle,  Pa. 

REED,  GILBERT  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Feb.  8,  1828,  in  Steuben  county,  N. 
Y.  He  is  president  judge  of  the  court  of 
appeals  of  Colorado,  to  which  state  he 
removed  in  1860.  He  was  judge  of  the 
miners  court  until  1861;  was  then  elected 
prosecuting  attorney,  which  position  he 
resigned  and  practiced  law  until  1888.  In 
that  year  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  commission,  which  posi 
tion  he  held  until  appointed  to  his  present 
position. 


REED,  HARRY  W.,  clergyman,  writer, 
was  born  May  7,  1855,  in  New  York  city. 
He  received  a  thorough  education  at  the 
public  schools,  Adelphi  academy  of  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.,  Colgate  university,  the  Union 
Theological  seminary,  and  the  Hamilton 
Theological  seminary.  He  nas  attained 
eminence  as  a  successful  baptist  clergy 
man,  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Wyom 
ing,  N.  Y.;  Belvidere  and  Waukegan,  111.; 
and  at  La  Crosse,  Wis.  He  is  a  fluent 
speaker  at  young  people's  conventions  and 
other  denominational  gatherings;  and  is 
engaged  quite  extensively  in  the  review 
of  denominational  and  other  religious 
books. 

REED,  HENRY,  educator,  author,  was 
born  July  11,  1808,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  an  educator  of  Philadelphia;  and 
professor  of  English  literature  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Lectures  on  English  History;  Lec 
tures  on  English  Literature;  and  Lectures 
on  the  British  Poets.  He  died  Sept.  27, 
1854,  at  sea. 

REED,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  22,  1846,  in  Philadelphia. 
He  is  a  Philadelphia  jurist  who  has  pub 
lished  The  Law  of  the  Statute  of  Frauds. 

REED,  HORATIO  BLAKE,  soldier,  was 
born  Jan.  22.  1837,  in  Rockaway,  L.  I. 
He  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  in  the 
regular  army  for  meritorious  services  dur 
ing  the  civil  war.  He  died  March  7,  1888, 
in  Togus,  Maine. 

REED.  HUGH,  educator,  author,  was 
torn  Aug.  17,  1850,  f  in  Richmond,  Ind. 
He  is  a  military  educator  of  Virginia,  and 
the  author  of  Signal  Tactics;  Cadet  Regu 
lations;  Military  Science  and  Tactics;  and 
Broom  Tactics. 

REED,  ISAAC,  merchant,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1810,  in 
Waldoborough,  Maine.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Maine  from 
1852  to  1853;  ser\ed  six  years  in  the  state 
legislature;  was  state  treasurer  in  1856; 
and  was  president  of  the  Waldoborough 
bank. 

REED,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1834,  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a 
Swedenborgian  clergyman  of  Boston  from 
1858,  and  the  author  of  Men  and  Women; 
Religion  and  Life;  and  Swedenborg  and 
the  New  Church. 

REED,  JOHN,  clergyman,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1751,  in  Framingham, 
Mass.  He  was  ordained  a  minister  of  the 
Gospel  in  1780,  and  settled  at  West 
Bridgewater,  Mass.;  and  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1795  to  1801.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1831,  in 
West  Bridgewater,  Mass. 

REED,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1781,  in  West  Bridge- 
water,  Mass.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1813  to 
1817,  and  again  from  1821  to  1841;  and 
was  lieutenant-governor  of  Massachusetts 
from  1844  to  1851.  He  died  Nov.  25,  1860, 
in  Bridgewater,  Mass. 

REED,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1786,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  Pennsylvania  jurist,  professor  of 
law  in  Dickinson  college  of  Carlisle  in 
1834-50,  and  author  of  The  Pennsylvania 
Blackstone.  He  died  June  19,  1850,  in 
Carlisle,  Pa. 

REED,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  27.  1741,  in  New 
Jersey.  In  1776  he  was  appointed  adju- 
tr.nt-general  of  the  army;  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1777  to  1778,  and  a  signer  of  the  Articles 
of  confederation.  He  was  president  of 
Pennsylvania  in  the  latter  year  until  1781. 
He  died  March  4,  1785,  in  Philadelphia. 


778 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


REED,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  July  11,  1772,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
From  1800  to  1809  he  was  a  prothonotary 
of  the  supreme  court,  and  then  attorney- 
general  of  Pennsylvania  in  1810-11.  He 
became  recorder  of  the  city  of  Philadel 
phia  in  1810,  continuing  in  that  office  till 
1829;  and  published  The  Laws  of  Penn 
sylvania,  in  five  volumes. 

REED,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  was  born  Aug. 
27,  1841,  in  Trenton.  N.  J.  He  was  a  dis 
tinguished  soldier  of  the  revolutionary 
war;  and  in  1878  was  elected  president 
of  the  supreme  executive  council  of  Penn 
sylvania,  resigning  in  1881. 

REED,  JOSEPH  R.,  soldier,  lawyer. .jur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  12,  1835,  in  Ashland  county,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  state  sen 
ate  in  1866  and  18G8;  was  judge  of  the 
district  court  from  Sept.  1,  1872,  to 
Jan.  1,  1884,  and  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state  from  the  latter  date  to 
1889;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican.  In  1891  he  \v;is 
appointed  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  pri 
vate  law  claims,  which  position  he  still 
holds. 

REED,  JOSEPH  SAMUEL,  merchant, 
poet,  was  bom  in  December,  1852,  in  Sul 
livan,  Ind.  He  is  a  successful  merchant 
in  his  native  city;  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  poems  entitled  Winnowed  Grasses, 
which  bears  the  imprint  of  nature;  and 
his  writings  appear  in  various  periodicals 
and  standard  collections. 

REED.  PHILIP,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  about  1760,  in  Kent 
county,  Md.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1806  to  1813; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1817  to  1819,  and  again  from  1822  to  1823. 
He  died  Nov.  2,  1829.  in  Huntingville,  Md. 

REED,  ROBERT  R..  physician,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  served  one  or  two 
terms  in  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1849  to  1851.  He 
died  Dec.  15,  1804.  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

REED.  SAMPSON,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  June  10,  1800,  in  West  Bridge- 
water,  Mass.  He  was  a  Swedenborgian 
writer  of  Boston,  editor  of  The  New- 
Church  Magazine  for  Children,  and  the 
author  of  Observations  on  the  Growth  of 
the  Mind.  He  died  July  8,  1880,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

Rh.ED,  THOMAS  BRACKETT,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
18,  183!!,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Maine  state  house  of  rep- 
resentathes  in  1868-69,  and  of  the  state 
senate  in  1870;  was  attorney-general  of 
Maine  in  1870-72;  and  was  city  solicitor 
of  Portland  in  1874-77.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventn, 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses;  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican.  He 
was  elected  speaker  of  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  Dec.  2,  1889,  Dec.  2.  1895, 
and  March  15.  1897. 

REED,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  philan 
thropist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1777, 
in  Marblehead,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1811 
to  1815.  Besides  liberal  bequests  to  heirs 
JUKI  relatives,  he  left  $68,000  to  benevo 
lent  objects.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1837,  in 
Marblehead,  Mass. 

REED.  WILLIAM  BRADFORD,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  June  30,  1806,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  attorney-general  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1838;  was  United  States 
minister  to  China  in  1857  and  1858;  and 


negotiated  the  treaty  ratified  in  1861.  He 
was  the  author  of  Life  and  Correspond 
ence  of  Joseph  Reed;  Life  of  Esther  Reed; 
Vindication  of  Joseph  Reed.  He  died 
Feb.  18,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

REEDER,  ANDREW  HORATIO,  law 
yer,  governor.  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  6,  1807,  in  Easton,  Pa.  In  1854 
he  was  appointed  the  first  governor  of 
Kansas;  and  subsequently  served  in  con 
gress;  and  was  also  a  United  States  sen 
ator.  He  was  the  author  of  Kansas.  He 
died  July  5,  1854,  in  Easton,  Pa. 

REEDER.  CHARLES,  merchant,  manu 
facturer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1817, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  is  a  merchant  and 
manufacturer  of  Baltimore;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Caloric,  a  Review  of  the  Dynamic 
Theory  of  Heat. 

REEDER,  FRANK,  soldier,  lawyer,  was 
born  May  22,  1845,  in  Easton,  Pa.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war;  attaining 
for  meritorious  services  the  rank  of  brig 
adier-general.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  studied  law  and  practiced  in  New  York. 

REES,  JOHN  KROM,  astronomer,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1851,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  an  astronomer, 
professor  at  Columbia  college,  and  direct 
or  of  the  observatory  from  1881.  He  is 
the  author  of  Report  on  the  Solar  Eclipse, 
1878;  International  Time  System;  and 
Observations  of  the  Transit  of  Venus, 
1882. 

REESE.  CHAUNCEY  B.,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1837.  in  Canastota,  N. 
Y.  He  rendered  valuable  service  in  the 
Virginia  peninsular  campaign,  in  con 
structing  bridges,  roads,  and  field  works; 
particularly  the  bridge,  2,000  feet  in 
length,  over  the  Chickahominy.  He  died 
Sept.  22,  1870,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 

REESE,  DAVID  A.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Georgia  from 
1853  to  1855. 

REESE,  DAVID  MEREDITH,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  in  1800,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  an  eminent  physi 
cian  of  New  York  city,  superintendent  of 
the  city  public  schools  at  one  period,  and 
the  author  of  Strictures  on  Health;  Re 
view  of  the  Anti-Slavery  Society's  First 
Annual  Report;  Quakerism  versus  Cal 
vinism;  Phrenology  Known  by  Its  Fruits: 
Medical  Lexicon  of  Modern  Terminology; 
and  Humbugs  of  New  York.  He  died 
Aug.  12.  1861,  in  New  York  city. 

REESE,  JOHN  JAMES,  physician,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  June  16,  1818,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia 
physician,  professor  of  jurisprudence  in 
the  university  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
author  of  American  Medical  Formulary; 
Analysis  of  Physiology:  Manual  of  Toxi 
cology;  and  Text-Book  of  Medical  Juris 
prudence. 

REESE,  LEVI  H.,  clergyman,  was  born 
Feb.  8,  1806,  in  Harford  county,  Md.  In 
1826  he  entered  the  ministry  of  the  meth- 
odist  episcopal  church.  In  the  contro 
versy  that  resulted  in  the  formation  of 
the  methodist  protestant  church,  he 
joined  the  Union  society,  became  secre 
tary  of  that  body,  and  was  the  first  pastor 
that  was  ordained  in  that  organization. 
He  died  Sept.  21,  1851,  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa. 

REESE,  LIZETTE  WOODWORTH.  ed 
ucator,  poet,  was  born  in  1856,  in  Mary 
land.  She  is  a  poet  and  educator  of  Bal 
timore,  and  the  author  of  A  Branch  of 
May;  A  Handful  of  Lavender;  and  A 
Quiet  Road. 

REESE,  SEABORN,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  28, 
1846,  in  Madison,  Ga.  In  1872  he  was 


elected  a  representative  in  the  Georgia 
state  legislature  for  the  term  of  two- 
years;  was  solicitor-general  of  the  north 
ern  judicial  circuit  from  1877  to  1880;  and 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1880.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Georgia  to 
the  forty-seventh  congress  to  fill  a  va 
cancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

REESE,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1742,  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
became  pastor  of  Salem  church,  S.  C.  He 
published  a  valuable  essay  on  the  Influ 
ence  of  Religion  on  Civil  Society.  He 
died  August,  1794,  in  Pendleton,  S.  C. 

REESE.  WILLIAM  M.,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1847,  in  Warren 
county.  Ga.  In  1885  he  was  elected  pres 
ident  of  the  Baptist  college  at  Mt.  Leb 
anon.  La.,  which  position  he  resigned  af 
ter  many  years  of  service  on  account  of 
ill-health. 

REEVE,  EMILY  A.,  educator,  poet,  was 
Lorn  March  23,  1859,  in  Franklin  county, 
Iowa.  She  received  her  education  in  the 
common  schools,  the  Geneva  school,  and 
graduated  from  the  Iowa  State  Agricul 
tural  college.  She  has  been  a  successful 
teacher  and  county  superintendent  of 
schools;  and  her  poems  have  been  ex 
tensively  published  in  the  newspapers  of 
Iowa. 

REEVE,  ISAAC  VAN  DUZEN,  soldier, 
was  born  July  29,  1813,  in  Butternuts, 
N.  Y.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  the  United  States  army  in  1865 
for  faithful  and  meritorious  service  dur 
ing  the  civil  war.  tie  died  Dec.  31,  1890, 
iu  New  York  city. 

REEVE,  JAMES  KNAPP,  author,  was 
born  in  1856,  in  New  York.  He  is  a  novel 
ist  of  Franklin,  Ohio,  and  the  author  of 
Vawder's  Understudy;  and  The  Three 
Richard  Whalens. 

REEVE,  TAPPING,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  1.  1744,  in  Brook- 
haven.  He  was  an  eminent  jurist  of 
Litchfield,  Conn.,  and  the  author  of  Law 
of  Baron  and  Femme,  of  Parent  and 
Child,  of  Guardian  and  Ward,  of  Servant 
and  Master;  and  Treatise  on  the  Law  of 
Descents  in  the  Several  United  States. 
He  died  Dec.  13,  1823,  in  Richfield,  Conn. 
REEVE,  WILLIAM  W..  soldier,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1832,  near  Selma, 
Ala.  He  graduated  with  first  honor  at  the 
Howard  college,  Ala.,  and  took  a  full 
course  and  graduated  from  Rochester 
Theological  seminary  of  New  York  city. 
He  went  into  the  confederate  army  as 
captain  of  artillery;  was  afterward  elect 
ed  major;  and  subsequently  promoted  to 
lieutenant-colonel.  He  has  traveled  in 
Europe;  and  is  now  a  baptist  clergyman 
in  Eufaula,  Ala.  The  degree  of  D.  D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  the  university  of 
Alabama. 

REEVES,  HENRY  A.,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1833,  in  Sag 
Harbor,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  at  Union 
college.  N.  Y..  in 
1852,  taught  school 
for  two  years;  stud 
ied  law.  He  came  to 
the  bar  in  Brooklyn 
in  1857;  and  in  1858 
purchased  the  Re 
publican  Watchman, 
published  at  Green- 
port,  L.  I.,  and  ed 
ited  the  same.  In 
1861  he  was  arrested 
by  order  of  Secre 
tary  Seward  and  con 
fined  for  fi\e  weeks  in  Fort  Lafayette 
for  alleged  disloyalty.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  democrat. 


HERR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


779» 


REEVES,  MARION  CALHOUN  LE- 
GARE,  author,  was  born  about  1854,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  is  a  novelist  of 
Washington,  and  the  author  of  Ingemisco; 
Randolph  Honor;  Sea  Drift;  A  Little 
Maid  of  Arcadie;  Wearithorne;  and  with 
Emily  Read,  Old  Martin  Boscawen's  Jest; 
and  Pilot  Fortune. 

REEVES,  REUBEN  A.,  jurist,  was  born 
Aug.  9,  1821,  in  Todd  county,  Ky.  In 
18S5  he  was  appointed  one  of.  the  supreme 
judges  in  New  Mexico. 

REEVES,  WALTER,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1848, 
near  Brownsville,  Pa.  He  removed  to  Illi 
nois  in  1856;  in  childhood  lived  on  a 
farm;  became  a  teacher  and  then  a  law 
yer;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  state 
of  Illinois  in  1875;  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States  in  1885.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress.  In  politics  he  is  a  re-, 
publican.  He  devoted  himself  to  internal 
impro\ements  of  the  country  and  espec 
ially  of  the  state  of  Illinois.  The  con 
struction  and  completion  of  the  Illinois 
and  Mississippi  canal,  and  the  improve 
ment  of  the  Chicago  river  at  a  total  ex 
penditure  of  about  six  and  a  half  millions 
of  dollars  by  the  general  government  were 
part  the  results  of  his  efforts. 

REHAN,  ADA,  actress,  was  born  April 
22,  1859,  in  Ireland.  She  first  appeared  in 
Newark,  in  the  play  Across  the  Conti 
nent.  Subsequently  she  acted  at  Mrs. 
Drew's  theater  in  Philadelphia.  She  be 
came  famous,  as  early  as  1880,  in  the 
character  of  Thelka,  in  The  Passing  Regi 
ment.  Her  versatility  of  dramatic  talent 
is  wonderful. 

REHN,  FRANK  KNOX  MORTON,  art 
ist,  was  born  April  12,  1848,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  awarded  in  1882  the 
first  prize  for  marine  painting  at  the  St. 
Louis  exposition;  in  1885  the  first  prize 
at  the  water  color  exhibition  of  the  Amer 
ican  Art  association,  and  in  1886  a  gold 
medal  at  the  Prize  fund  exhibition.  His 
paintings  include  Looking  Down  on  the 
Sea  from  the  Rocks  at  Magnolia,  Mass.;  A 
Missing  Vessel;  Close  of  a  Summer  Day; 
and  Evening,  Gloucester  Harbor. 

REICH,  JACQUES,  artist,  was  born 
Aug.  10,  1852,  in  Hungary.  In  1885  he 
came  to  New  York  and  made  all  the  pen 
and  ink  portraits  for  Scribner's  Cyclo 
paedia  of  Painters  and  Paintings,  as  well 
as  numerous  others  for  periodicals.  He 
drew  the  portraits  for  Appleton's  An 
nual  Cyclopaedia  for  1886,  1887,  and  1888. 
Early  in  1886  he  began  to  execute  the 
sixteen  hundred  portraits  for  this  work, 
to  which  task  he  gave  almost  exclusive 
attention  till  it  was  completed  in  Decem 
ber,  1888. 

REICHEL,  WILLIAM  CORNELIUS, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born 
May  9.  1742,  in  Salem,  N.  C.  He  was  a 
Mora\  ian  clergyman  and  educator  of 
Bethlehem,  Pa.,  among  whose  writings 
are  Moravianism  in  New  York  and  Con 
necticut;  Memorials  of  the  Moravian 
Church;  and  A  Red  Rose  from  the  Olden 
Time.  He  died  April  18,  1825,  in  Prussia. 

REICHERT,  EDWARD  TYSON,  physi 
cian,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1855, 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  Philadelphia 
physician  and  educator,  professor  of  phys 
iology  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania 
from  1886,  and  was  the  author  of  A  Text- 
Book  of  Physiology. 

REID.  DAVID  BOSWELL,  chemist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1805,  in  Scotland.  He 
•was  a  chemist  who  came  to  America  in 
1856,  and  was  director  of  the  medical  in 
spection  of  the  United  States  sanitary 
commission.  He  was  the  author  of  In 


troduction  to  the  Study  of  Chemistry; 
Rudiments  of  Chemistry  of  Daily  Lue; 
and  Ventilation  for  American  Dwellings. 
He  died  April  5,  1863,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

REID,  DAVID  SETTLE,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman.  United  States 
senator,  governor,  was  born  April  19,  1813, 
in  Hockingham  county.  N.  C.  He  was 
elected  to  the  North  Carolina  state  legis 
lature  in  1835,  and  served  continuously 
until  1842.  In  1843  he  was  elected  a  rep- 
resentatn  e  in  congress  from  North  Caro 
lina;  and  was  re-elected  in  1845.  In  1850 
he  was  elected  governor  of  North  Caro 
lina;  and  was  re-elected  in  1852,  serving 
until  1855,  when  he  was  elected  a  senator 
in  congress  for  four  years. 

REID,  GEORGE  L.,  author,  poet.  He  is 
a  writer  of  Menasha,  Wis.,  and  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  The 
Heather  Bell. 

REID,  HUGH  THOMPSON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1811,  in  Union 
county,  Ind.  In  1840-42  he  was  prosecut 
ing  attoiney  for  Lee,  Des  Moines,  Henry, 
Jefferson  and  Van  Buren  counties,  Iowa, 
holding  high  rank  as  a  land  lawyer.  He 
was  president  for  four  years  of  tne  Des 
Moines  Valley  railroad.  He  entered  the 
volunteer  service  as  colonel  of  the  fif 
teenth  Iowa  infantry  in  1861 ;  and  was  ap 
pointed  brigadier-general  in  1863.  He  died 
Aug.  21,  1874,  in  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

REID,  JAMES,  college  president,  was 
born  in  Canada.  In  1890  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  college  of  Montana,  which 
position  he  still  holds. 

REID,  JAMES  MADISON,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  April  10,  1849,  in  West 
moreland  county,  Pa.  He  is  president  of 
the  Ursina  and  North  Fork  railway  at 
Connellsville,  Ga. 

REID,  JAMES  WESLEY,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  11,  1849,  in 
Wentworth,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  county 
treasurer  of  Rockingham  county,  N.  C.,  in 
1874;  and  was  continuously  re-elected  un 
til  November,  1884.  He  was  elected  a 
representathe  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress;  and  in  January, 
1855,  at  a  special  election,  was  elected  to 
the  forty-eighth  congress  to  fill  a  va 
cancy. 

REID,  JOHN  MORRISON,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  30,  1820,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  methodist  clergyman 
and  editor  of  religious  journals  who  se 
cured  the  library  of  Von  Ranke  for  Syra 
cuse  university.  He  is  the  author  of  Mis 
sions  of  the  Methodist  Church;  and 
Doomed  Religions. 

REID,  JOHN  W.,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  June 
14,  1821,  in  Lynchburg,  Va.  He  settled  in 
Jackson  county;  served  two  sessions  in 
the  Missouri  legislature;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  was  ex 
pelled  from  the  house  in  December,  1861. 

REID,  MRS.  MARY  J.,  poet.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Alameda,  Cal.,  and  her  poems 
have  appeared  in  the  leading  magazines 
and  journals  of  California. 

REID,  ROBERT,  artist,  was  born  July 
29,  1863,  in  Stockbridge,  Mass.  He  has  at 
tained  a  world  wide  reputation  as  a  suc 
cessful  artist  of  New  York. 

REID,  ROBERT  RAYMOND,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
in  1789  in  Beaufort  District,  S.  C.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1818  to  1823,  and  was  elected  mayor 
of  Augusta  on  his  retirement  from  con 
gress.  He  was  also  a  judge  of  the  su 
perior  court  of  Georgia,  and  in  1832  was 
appointed  district  judge  for  eastern  Flor 


ida.  He  was  appointed  governor  of  the- 
territory  of  Florida  from  1839  to  1841.  He- 
died  July  1,  1841,  near  Tallahassee.  Fia. 

REID,  SAMUEL  CHESTER,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1818,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  Orleans,  and 
the  author  of  The  United  States  Bankrupt 
Law  of  1841;  and  The  Battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga. 

REID,  WHITELAW,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  27,  1837,  in  Xenia,  Ohio. 
He  tar.y  began  to  edit  papers  with  great 
success,  and  his  abilities  as  a  war  corre 
spondent,  during  the  civil  war,  gave  him 
gicat  distincticn.  In  1869  he  became  man 
aging  editor  of  the  New  York  Tribune. 
He  was  the  author  of  After  the  War.  a 
Southern  Tour;  Ohio  in  the  War;  Schools, 
of  Journalism;  and  Newspaper  Tenden 
cies. 

REID,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1834,  in  South 
Argyle,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  united  presbyterian 
clergyman,  pastor  at  Pittsburg  from  1889, 
and  the  author  of  Lectures  on  the  Reve 
lation;  and  United  Presbyterianism. 

REID.  WILLIAM  S.,  college  president, 
was  born  April  21,  1778,  in  Chester  coun 
ty,  Pa.  In  1806  he  was  elected  president 
of  Hampden-Sidney  college.  He  died 
June  23,  1853. 

REID,  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  soldier, 
educator,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1842,  in  Jack 
sonville,  111.  He  received  his  education  at 
Harvard  college.  During  the  war  he 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  union  army, 
with  the  rank  of  sergeant,  and  was  mus 
tered  out  with  recommendation  as  ma 
jor.  He  has  been  headmaster  of  the  high 
school  of  Newport,  R.  I.;  headmaster's  as 
sistant  of  the  Boston  Latin  school;  super 
intendent  Brookline  schools;  headmaster 
boys'  high  school  of  San  Francisco;  head 
master  of  the  Belmont  school,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  university  of  California.  His' 
administration  was  characterized  by  a 
wisely  conservative  devotion  to  high  edu 
cational  ideals;  and  after  four  years  of 
tireless  industry,  he  resigned  to  carry  out 
a  long-cherished  plan  of  founding  a  school 
which  should  do  for  the  Pacific  coast  what 
Rugby  has  done  for  England.  In  pursu 
ance  of  this  plan,  he  opened  the  Belmont 
school  of  Belmont,  Cal.,  in  1885,  of  which 
he  is  still  the  head. 

REILLY,  JAMES  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1854,  in  Schuyl- 
kill  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  district 
attorney  in  1871,  and  served  in  that  office 
until  1875.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Pennsyh  ania  to  the  for 
ty-fourth  congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fifth  congress.  He  also  served  in 
the  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty-third 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

REILLY,  JAMES  W.,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1842.  He  was  made  brigadier-gen- 
eial  of  volunteers  in  1864.  In  1866  he  was 
assistant  ordnance  officer  in  the  arsenal  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  he  was  afterward 
assistant  officer  at  Watervliet  arsenal,  N. 
Y. 

REILLY,  JOHN,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1836,  in  Ab- 
nerville,  Pa.  He  was  president  of  the 
beard  of  city  commissioners  of  Altoona 
in  1867  and  1868;  was  president  of  the 
Bell's  Gap  Railroad  company  during  1872 
and  1873;  and  was  also  connected  with 
the  manufacturing  and  mining  interests  of 
the  state.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

REILLY,  WILSON,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  In  1857  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania. 


780 


HEHRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


REILY,  GEORGE  WOLF,  physician, 
banker,  was  born  March  31,  1834,  in  Har- 
risburg,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Harrisburg  academy,  Yale  college,  and 
the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  For 
many  years  he  practiced  his  profession, 
which  he  devoted  largely  to  charity 
among  the  needy  of  the  city.  In  1871  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Harrisburg 
National  bank.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  Harrisburg  Gas  company,  and  a  direc 
tor  in  various  business  institutions.  He 
died  Feb.  8,  1892,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

REILY,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  12,  1752,  in  England.  He  was 
not  a  brilliant  orator,  but  was  a  polished 
writer,  and  left  several  manuscripts.  He 
published  A  Compendium  for  Pennsylva 
nia  Justices  of  the  Peace,  which  was  the 
first  work  of  its  character  printed  in  this 
country.  He  died  May  2,  1810,  in  Myers- 
town,  Pa. 

REILY,  LUTHER,  congressman,  was 
1/orn  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1837  to  1839. 

REILY,  WILLIAM  McCLELLAN,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
S,  1837,  in  York,  Pa.  He  is  a  German  re 
formed  clergyman  and  educator  of  Allen- 
town,  Pa.,  president  of  the  female  college 
there  from  1888.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Artist  and  his  Mission. 

REIMENSNYDER,  JUNIUS  BENJA 
MIN,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
24,  1841,  in  Staunton,  Va.  He  is  a  luth- 
eran  clergyman  of  New  York  city  from 
1880;  and  the  author  of  Heavenward; 
Doom  Eternal;  Lutheran  Literature:  its 
Distinctive  Traits;  Work  and  Personality 
of  Luther;  Six  Days  of  Creation;  and 
Lutheran  Manual. 

REINAGLE,  HUGH,  artist,  was  born 
about  1790  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  For  many 
years  he  was  engaged  as  a  scene-painter 
in  New  York,  and  produced  also  a  pano 
rama  of  New  York,  which  was  exhibited 
in  that  city.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
thirty  members  of  the  National  Academy 
of  Design,  and  exhibited  there,  in  1831,  a 
View  of  the  Falls  of  Mount  Ida.  His  Mac- 
donough's  Victory  on  Lake  Champlain 
was  engraved  by  Benjamin  Tanner  in 
1810.  He  died  May,  1834,  in  New  Orleans, 
La. 

REINBERGER,  IRVING,  lawyer,  was 
born  Jan.  31,  1860,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He 
received  a  liberal  education;  and  is  now 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Arkansas 
at  Pine  Bluff.  He  has  been  assistant 
prosecuting  attorney  for  the  eleventh  ju 
dicial  circuit  of  Arkansas;  and  has  filled 
various. other  public  positions  of  trust. 

REINHART,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
artist,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1829,  in  Waynes- 
burg,  Pa.  Among  his  works,  many  of 
which  have  been  engraved,  are  Cleopatra; 
Evangeline;  Pocahontas;  Katrina  Van 
Tassel;  Washington  Receiving  the  News  of 
Arnold's  Treason;  Consolation;  After  the 
Crucifixion;  Nymphs  of  the  Wood;  Young 
Franklin  and  Sir  William  Keith;  The  Re 
gatta;  The  Pride  of  the  Village;  Cap 
tain  Kidd  and  the  Governor;  and  Baby 
Mine.  He  died  May  3,  1885,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

REINHART,  CHARLES  STANLEY,  ar 
tist,  was  born  May  16,  1844,  in  Pittsburg. 
Pa.  Hi'  is  well  known  for  his  excellent 
work  in  black  and  white  for  book  and 
magazine  illustration.  His  works  in  oil 
include  Clearing  Up;  Caught  Napping; 
Reconnoitring;  Rebuke;  September 
Morning;  Old  Life  Boats;  Coast  of  Nor 
mandy;  In  a  Garden;  Mussel  Fisherwo- 
man;  Flats  at  Villerville;  Sunday;  Eng 
lish  Garden;  and  Washed  Ashore. 


REINHART,  JOSEPH  W.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1851,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  As  general  auditor  and 
vice-president  of  the 
company,  he  formu 
lated,  in  1889,  the 
plan  for  financial  re 
organization  of  The 
Atchison.Topeka  and 
Santa  Fe  railroad, 
and  carried  it  out 
with  such  success 
that  the  company, 
recognizing  his  sa 
gacity  and  foresight. 
advanced  him 
through  different 
stages  to  the  presidency  in  1893.  He  is 
now  president  of  the  Gulf,  Colorado  and 
Santa  Fe,  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  and 
C'olorado,  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  the 
Colorado  Midland,  the  Wichita  and  West 
ern,  the  Southern  California,  the  New 
Mexico  and  Arizona,  and  the  Sonora  rail 
roads. 

RELF,  SAMUEL,  journalist,  was  born 
March  22,  1776,  in  Virginia.  He  became 
connected  with  the  National  Gazette  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  of  which  he  was  for 
many  years  the  editor  and  its  owner.  He 
died  Feb.  14,  1823,  in  Virginia. 

RELFE,  JAMES  H.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  settled  in  Missouri; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1843  to  1847. 

REMEY,  GEORGE  C.,  naval  officer. 
After  the  end  of  the  civil  war  he  was 
made  a  lieutenant  commander,  and  later 
served  in  numerous  posts  of  the  navy  on 
land  and  on  sea.  In  1885  he  was  made  a 
captain,  and  in  the  same  year  was  placed 
in  command  of  the  Charleston  squadron 
of  evolution.  He  is  an  able  officer,  and 
has  handled  the  affairs  of  war  at  Key 
West  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  au 
thorities. 

REMINGTON,  MRS.  ALICE  M.,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  6,  1852,  in  Brookville,  Pa. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

REMINGTON,  FREDERIC,  author,  ar 
tist,  was  born  in  1861  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  popular  artist  and  illustrator,  whose 
work  in  the  main  reflects  the  life  of  the 
far  west.  He  is  the  author  of  Pony 
Tracks. 

REMINGTON,      HENRY      WILLIAMS, 
merchant,    lawyer,    legislator,   was    born 
Aug.  9,1823,  in  Lorain  county,  Ohio.  He  has 
been  prosecuting   at- 
'   torney;    chairman  of 
town  board  of  super- 
:    visors;  a  member  of 
the   Wisconsin   state 
legislature;    p  r  e  s  i- 
•    dent  of  the  Wiscon- 
^Bi     ^  j    sin   Valley   railroad; 

appraiser  of  school 
and  university  lands 
for  the  state  of  Wis 
consin  in  1851;  and 
has  been  a  successful 
lawyer,  farmer,  mer 
chant  and  railroad  builder.  He  has  done 
much  work  in  land  surveying  for  the  state 
of  Wisconsin  and  for  private  individuals. 
He  is  best  known  as  a  writer  and  speaker 
on  political  and  judicial  questions.  In 
1854  he  set  in  motion  at  Madison,  Wis.,  a 
movement  which  resulted  in  closing  sa 
loons  on  election  and  other  public  days 
in  Wisconsin,  which  movement  has  since 
spread  to  other  states. 

REMINGTON,  JOSEPH  PRICE,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  March  26,  1847,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  is  a  professor  of  phar 
macy  in  the  Philadelphia  college  of  Phar 
macy  from  1874;  and  the  author  of  The 
Practice  of  Pharmacy. 


'       •-• 


REMINGTON,  PHILO,  inventor,  was 
born  Oct.  31,  1816,  in  Litchfield,  N.  Y. 
With  his  brothers,  Samuel  and  Eliphalet, 
the  firm  of  E.  Remington  and  Sons  was 
established,  and  for  upward  of  twenty- 
five  years  he  continued  in  charge  of  the 
mechanical  department.  In  1886  the  Rem 
ingtons  disposed  of  their  type-writing-ma 
chine  manufacturing  business,  and  soon 
afterward  the  firm  of  E.  Remington  and 
Sons  went  into  liquidation.  Since  then 
Mr.  Remington  has  lived  in  retirement. 
Philo  Remington  was  for  nearly  twenty 
years  president  of  the  village  of  Ilion, 
and  with  his  brother  has  given  Syracuse 
university  sums  aggregating  $250,000. 

REMINGTON,  STEPHEN,  missionary, 
author,  was  born  May  16,  1803,  in  Bedford, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  baptist  minister,  but 
prior  to  1845  a  preacher  of  the  methodist 
faith;  and  the  author  of  Reasons  for  Be 
coming  a  Baptist;  and  A  Defence  of  Re 
stricted  Communion.  He  died  March  23, 
•1869,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

REMSEN,  IRA,  chemist,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1846,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  an  eminent  chemist,  profes 
sor  of  chemistry  at  Johns  Hopkins  univer 
sity  from  1876;  and  the  author  of  Chemi- 
ical  Experiments. 

RENCHER,  ABRAHAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  Wake 
county.  N.  C.  He  was  elected  to  congress 
from  North  Carolina,  where  he  served 
from  1829  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to 
1843.  He  was  charge  d'  affaires  to  Portu 
gal  in  1843;  and  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Buchanan,  governor  of  the  territory 
of  New  Mexico. 

RENO,  CONRAD,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1859  in  Alabama.  He  is  a  lawyer 
of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Employers' 
Liability  Act. 

RENO,  JESSE  LEE,  soldier,  was  born 
June  20,  1823,  in  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  In 
1846  he  graduated  from  West  Point; 
served  in  the  Mexi 
can  war;  and  re 
ceived  two  brevets 
for  gallantry.  In 
1861  he  was  commis 
sioned  a  brigadier- 
general,  and  the  fol 
lowing  year  became 
a  major-general  of 
volunteers.  He  led  a 
brigade  under  Gen. 
Burnside  in  the  tak 
ing  of  Roanoke 
Island;  repelled  the 
confederates  under  General  Lee;  and  was 
killed  in  action  on  the  evening  of  Sept.  14, 
1862. 

RENWICK,  EDWARD  SABINE,  expert, 
was  born  Jan.  3,  1823,  in  New  York  city. 
Since  1849  he  has  been  engaged  mainly  as 
an  expert  in  the  trials  of  patent  cases  in 
the  United  States  courts.  In  1862,  in  con 
nection  with  his  brother,  Henry  B.  Ren- 
wick,  he  devised  methods  for  the  repair  of 
the  steamer  Great  Eastern  while  afloat, 
and  successfully  accomplished  it,  replat- 
ing  a  fracture  in  the  bilge  82  feet  long  and 
about  10  feet  broad  at  the  widest  place. 

RENWICK,  JAMES,  scientist,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  30,  1790,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  prominent  scientist  of 
New  York  city,  and  professor  of  natural 
and  experimental  philosophy  and  chemis 
try  at  Columbia  college  from  1820  to  1853. 
He  was  the  author  of  Lives  of  Ritten- 
house,  Fulton,  Count  Rumford.  in 
Sparks's  American  Biography;  Outlines  of 
Natural  Philosophy:  Treatise  on  the 
Steam  Engine;  Elements  of  Mechanics; 
and  Lives  of  Jay,  Hamilton.  De  Witt  Clin 
ton.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1863,  in  New  York. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


781 


RENWICK,  JAMES,  architect,  was  born 
Nov.  3,  1818,  in  New  York  city.  He  de 
signed  St.  Bartholomew's  church  and  the 
Church  of  the  Covenant  of  New  York  city. 

REPPLIER,  AGNES,  essayist,  author, 
was  born  in  1855  in  Pennsylvania.  She  is 
a  popular  essayist  of  Philadelphia;  and 
the  author  of  Books  and  Men;  points  of 
View;  In  the  Dozy  Hours,  and  Other  Pa 
pers;  Essays  in  Idleness;  Essays  in  Mini 
ature;  and  Varia. 

RE  QUA,  HARRIET  W.,  missionary, 
poet,  was  born  in  Arcade,  N.  Y.  She  is 
the  author  of  two  volumes  of  poems  en 
titled  Stones  for  the  Temple;  and  Ziona 
the  Bride  of  the  King. 

REQUA,  ISAAC  LAWRENCE,  mining 
engineer,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1828,  in  Tar- 
rytown,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  twenty  years 
chairman  of  the  republican  state  commit 
tee,  and  was  tendered  the  nomination  for 
governor,  which  he  felt  obliged  to  decline. 
He  is  president  of  the  Central  Pacific  rail 
road,  the  Eureka  and  Palisade  railway, 
and  the  Oakland  bank  of  savings  in  Oak 
land,  Cal. 

REQUIER,  AUGUSTUS  JULIAN,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  May  27,  1825  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Mobile  prior  to  the  civil  war,  and  subse 
quently  of  New  York  city.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Old  Sanctuary,  a  romance; 
Poems;  and  the  dramas,  Marco  Bozzaris- 
and  The  Spanish  Exile.  He  died  March 
19,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

REUL1NG,  GEORGE,  physician,  educa 
tor,  inventor,  author,  was  born  Nov  11 
1S39,  in  Germany.  He  has  invented  a 
microtome  for  microscopical  sections,  and 
a  ring-shaped  silver-sling  for  the  extrac 
tion  of  cataract  within  the  capsule.  He 
lias  written  on  Detachment  of  the  Choroid 
after  Extraction  of  Cataract;  Extraction 
of  Cataract  within  the  Capsule;  and  De 
struction  of  a  Cyst  of  the  Iris  by  Galvano- 
Cautery. 

REVEAL,  WILLIAM  O.,  farmer,  public 
official,  was  born  Jan.  1,  I860,  in  Broad 
Ripple,  Ind.  He  is  a  successful  farmer 
near  Indianapolis,  Ind.;  has  been  county 
commissioner;  and  is  a  fluent  speaker  on 
agricultural  and  political  topics 

REVELS,       HIRAM      R.,       clergyman, 

uted  btates  senator,  was  born  Sept  1 
1S22,  in  Fayetteville,  N.  C.  He  settled  at 
JNatchez,  Miss.;  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  city  council;  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Mississippi  from  1870  to  1871 

REVERE,  JOSEPH  WARREN,  soldier' 
author,  was  born  May  17,  1812,  in  Boston' 
Mass.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  federal 
army  during  the  civil  war;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Keel  and  Saddle;  and  Retrospect 
of  Forty  Years'  Military  Service  (1872) 
He  died  April  20,  1880,  in  Hoboken  N  j' 

REVERE,  PAUL,  patriot,  engraver,  was 
born  Jan.  1,  1735,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  one  of  the  noted  Boston  tea  party 
and  is  famous  for  his  midnight-ride 
through  the  county  of  Middlesex,  to  give 
notice  of  the  intended  attack  of  Gen  Gage 
The  town  of  North  Chelsea,  Mass.,  was 
named  Revere  in  his  honor  in  1871  He 
died  May  10,  1818,  in  Boston,  Mass' 

REVERE,  PAUL  JOSEPH,  soldier  was 
born  Sept.  10,  1832,  in  Boston  Mass.'  He 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  for  bravery  at  Gettysburg,  where  he 
received  a  fatal  wound  in  the  second  day's 
battle.  He  died  July  4,  1863  in  West 
minster,  Md. 

REXDALE,  ROBERT  (pseud.),  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1859  in 
Maine.  He  was  a  journalist  and  poet  of 
Portland,  Maine;  and  the  author  of  Drift 
ing  Songs  and  Sketches;  Saved  by  the 
Sword,  a  novel;  and  The  Cuban  Liber 
ated. 


REXFORD,  EBEN  EUGENE,  poet,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  16,  1848,  in  Johns- 
burg,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  popular  poet  and 
song  writer  of  Shiocton,  Wis.,  whose 
poem  Silver  Threads  Among  the  Gold  has 
been  set  to  music  and  widely  sung.  He  is 
the  author  of  Brother  and  Lover;  Grand 
mother's  Garden;  and  John  Fielding  and 
His  Enemy. 

REYBURN,  JOHN  EDGAR,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1845,  in  New  Car 
lisle,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  by  private 
tutor  and  at  Saunders  institute,  West 
Philadelphia;  studied  law  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  Philadelphia  in  1870 
He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  Pennsylvania,  sessions  of 
1871,  1874,  1875,  and  1876;  and  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  senate  of  Pennsyl 
vania  for  a  term  of  four  years  from  1876- 
and  re-elected  in  1880.  He  was  elected 
president  pro  tempore  for  the  session  of 
1883;  and  was  re-elected  senator  in  1884 
and  again  elected  in  1888  for  a  term  of 
four  years.  He  was  elected  as  a  republic 
an  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Hon 
William  D.  Kelley  in  the  fifty-first  con 
gress  in  1890,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  and  fifty-third  congresses  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

REYNOLDS,  CHARLES  BUTLER,  edu 
cator,  was  born  in  South  East,  N.  Y.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  and  graduated  from 
the  Illinois  Wesleyan  university.  He  has 
filled  important  positions;  for  sixteen 
years  was  superintendent  of  city  schools 
of  Clinton,  Mo.;  and  is  now  principal 
and  superintendent  of  city  schools  in 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

REYNOLDS,  DANIEL  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  14  1832 
in  Centreburg,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  was  elect 
ed  captain  of  a  company  for  service  in 
the  confederate  army,  and  was  promoted 
brigadier-general  in  1864.  He  was  state 
senator  in  Arkansas  in  1866-67. 

REYNOLDS,  ELMER  ROBERT,  ethnol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  July  30,  1846  in 
Dansville,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  ethnologist  in 
the  United  States  civil  service  from  1877- 
and  the  author  of  A  Scientific  Visit  to  the 
Caverns  of  Luray;  Shell  Mounds,  etc.,  of 
the  Choptank  Indians;  and  Aboriginal 
Soapstone  Quarries  in  the  District  of  Col 
umbia. 

REYNOLDS,  FRANCES,  journalist 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1853,  in  Mt.  Carmel 
111.  Since  the  death  of  her  husband  she 
has  been  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Gazette  of  Mariposa,  Cal.  She  is  also 
the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems. 

REYNOLDS,  GIDEON,  congressman 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1847  to  1851. 

REYNOLDS,  J.  MASON,  poet.  He  was 
a  journalist  of  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.;  and 
the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems. 

REYNOLDS,  JAMES  B.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  In  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1815  to  1817,  and  again 
from  1823  to  1825. 

REYNOLDS,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1789,  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Illinois  in  1818  He 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature  from 
826-30,  1846-48,  1852-54;  and  served  dur 
ing  the  last  term  as  speaker.  He  was 
governor  of  Illinois  from  1830  to  1834; 
commanded  the  Illinois  volunteers  dur 
ing  the  Black  Hawk  war  in  1832;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1835 
to  1837,  and  from  1839  to  1843.  He  pub 
lished  Pioneer  History  of  Illinois;  Glance 


at  the  Crystal  Palace,  and  Sketches  of 
Travel;  My  Life  and  Times;  and  at  one 
time  conducted  the  Belleville  Eagle  a 
daily  paper.  He  died  May  8,  1865  '  in 
Belleville,  111. 

REYNOLDS,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer  jurist 
congressman,  was  born  June  21,  1819  in 
Morean,  N.  Y.  In  1853  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  at  Albany,  N.  Y.;  and  in  1858 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He  was 
subsequently  appointed  a  judge  of  the 
court  of  appeals  of  New  York;  and  also  a 

o?m,m|?sioner  of  aPPeals.  He  died  Sept. 
24,  1875,  in  Kinderhook. 

REYNOLDS,  JOHN  PARKER,  agricult 

urist,  journalist,  was  born  March  1    1820 

m  Lebanon,  Ohio.    In  1868  he  removed  to 

Chicago,  and  the  next  year  he  became  first 

iitor  of  the  National  Live  Stock  Journal 

REYNOLDS,  JOSEPH,  state  legislator 
congressman,  was  born  in.  New  York' 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1835  to  1837;  and  also 
served  in  the  assembly  of  that  state  in 


REYNOLDS,  JOSEPH  SMITH,  soldier 
lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1839  in  New 
Lenox,  m.  He  took  part  in  seventeen 
,  was  wounded  three  times  and 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  service  was 
promoted  to  a  captaincy,  subsequently  to 
colonel;  and  in  1865  was  brevetted  brig 
adier-general  of  volunteers.  He  has  been 
elected  as  representative  and  senator  to 
the  Illinois  legislature,  and  was  a  com 
missioner  from  Illinois  to  the  universal 
exposition  at  Vienna  in  1873. 

REYNOLDS,  ROBERT  J.,  legislator 
governor,  was  born  March  17,  1838  in 
Smyrna,  Del.  In  1868  he  was  elected  to 
the  Delaware  gener 
al  assembly;  was 
elected  state  treas 
urer  in  1869,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  same 
office  in  1871.  He 
was  chairman  of  the 
democratic  state 
central  committee; 
and  chairman  of  the 
state  committee  in 
numerous  cam 
paigns.  On  Jan.  20, 
1891,  he  was  inau 

gurated  governor  of  Delaware;  and  for 
four  years  filled  that  office  with  distinc 
tion.  Governor  Reynolds  has  been  in 
politics  for  over  thirty  years,  and  has 
never  lost  a  political  battle.  Since  1861 
he  has  principally  been  engaged  in  farm 
ing  near  Petersburg,  Del.;  has  extensive 
peach  orchards,  and  is  a  successful  farmer 
and  fruit  grower. 

REYNOLDS,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  March 
12,  1796,  in  Bracken  county,  Ky.  He  set 
tled  in  Illinois;  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  the  legislature  and  made  speaker; 
and  was  attorney-general  of  the  state. 
He  was  judge  of  the  supreme  court.  In 
1828  he  moved  to  Missouri,  where  he  was 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature;  presi 
dent  judge  of  a  court  of  justice;  and  was 
governor  of  Missouri  from  1840  to  1844 
He  died  Feb.  9,  1844,  in  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 

REYNOLDS,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
Lorn  Dec.  18,  1815,  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  -In 
1873  he  was  appointed  rear-admiral  In 
the  United  States  navy.  He  died  Nov.  5 
1879,  in  Washington. 

REYNOLDS,  WILLIAM  H.,  farmer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  in  Polk  county,  Fla.  He 
is  a  successful  farmer  of  Lakeland,  Fla.; 
was  elected  to  the  Florida  state  senate, 
and  was  made  president  of  that  body.  He 
has  been  a  presidential  elector;  and  is 
now  state  comptroller  of  Florida. 


HERRINOSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


REYNOLDS,  WILLIAM  H.,  legislator, 
was  born  Feb.  28,  1868,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
He  has  served  as  assemblyman  and  sen 
ator  in  the  New  York  state  legislature. 

REYNOLDS,  WILLIAM  MORTON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  4,  1812,  in 
Fayette  county.  Pa.  He,  was  the  author  of 
Discourse  on  the  Swedish  Churches.  He 
translated  from  the  Swedish  of  Israel 
Acrelius,  A  History  of  New  Sweden,  with 
introduction  and  notes.  He  died  Sept.  5, 
1876,  in  Oak  Park,  111. 

RHEA,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Tennessee 
from  1803  to  1815,  and  from  1817  to  1823. 
In  1816  he  was  appointed  United  States 
commissioner  to  treat  with  the  Choctaws. 
He  died  May  27,  1832. 

RHEA,  JOHN  S.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  March  9,  1855,  in  Russellville, 
Ky.  He  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney 
for  Logan  county,  Ky.,  in  1878,  and  again 
elected  in  1882.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democratic-popu 
list. 

RHEES,  WILLIAM  JONES,  author, 
was  born  March  13,  1830,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  the  chief  clerk  of  the  Smith 
sonian  institution  from  1852,  who  has 
published,  among  other  works,  The  Smith 
sonian  Institution;  and  James  Smithson 
and  His  Bequest. 

RHETT,  ROBERT  BARNWELL,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1800,  in 
Beaufort,  S.  C.  In  1826  he  was  elected  to 
the  South  Carolina  state  legislature;  and 
in  1832  was  elected  attorney-general  of 
South  Carolina.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1838  to  1849;  and  was  a 
senator  in  congress  during  the  years  1850, 
1851,  and  a  part  of  1852.  He  died  Sept.  14, 
1876,  in  Saint  James  parish,  La. 

RHIND,  ALEXANDER  GOLDEN,  na\al 
officer,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1821,  in  New 
York  city.  He  served  in  the  United  States 
navy  during  the  civil  war;  attaining  the 
rank  of  rear-admiral. 

RHINE,  ALICE  HYNEMAN,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  31,  1840,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Leon  Hyne- 
man,  and  has  gained  a  reputation  as  a 
writer  of  prose  and  verse  for  the  periodi 
cal  press.  She  has  contributed  numerous 
articles  to  the  Popular  Science  Monthly, 
the  North  American  Review,  and  the 
Forum,  and  has  edited  an  illustrated  work 
•on  Niagara. 

RHOADS,  JAMES  E.,  physician,  col 
lege  president,  philanthropist.  He  was  a 
religious  teacher  and  the  organizer  of 
schools  among  the  negroes  of  the  south 
and  the  Indians.  He  was  the  first  presi 
dent  of  Bryn  Mawr  college,  and  filled  that 
position  during  1885-94.  He  died  Jan.  2, 
1895,  in  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa. 

RHOADS,  THOMAS  J.  B.,  physician, 
surgeon,  merchant,  banker,  poet,  was  born 
Sept.  26,  1837,  in  Berks  county,  Pa.  He 
received  a  thorough 
education,  and  for 
many  years  was  en 
gaged  in  educational 
work.  He  prosecut 
ed  his  studies  and 
subsequently  entered 
the  Medical  college 
of  Philadelphia,  from 
which  institution  he 
graduated  in  1861. 
In  1862  he  was  com 
missioned  as  assist 
ant  surgeon  of  the 
one  hundred  and  sixty-ninth  regiment 
Pennsylvania  volunteer  infantry.  Togeth 
er  with  his  brother,  Reuben,  he  had  charge 
of  the  forces  at  Fort  Keys  and  the  hospi 
tal  on  the  point.  In  the  spring  of  1863  Dr. 


Rhoads  moved  with  his  regiment  and 
remained  with  it  as  acting  assistant  sur 
geon  until  it  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service.  After  the  war  he  settled  down  to 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Boyer- 
town,  Pa.  In  1883  he  organized  the  Farm 
er's  National  bank  of  Boyertown,  and  has 
ever  since  been  its  president.  He  is 
also  a  successful  merchant;  takes  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs;  and  con 
tributes  both  prose  and  verse  to  current 
literature. 


,  JESSE  C.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1831,  in 
Chester  county,  Pa.  He  received  his  ed 
ucation  in  Granville,  Ohio;  and  is  now  a 
prominent  lawyer  of  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 
He  served  as  a  union  soldier  during  the 
civil  war,  and  was  promoted  to  captain. 
He  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in 
public  affairs;  has  been  judge  of  the  dis 
trict  court;  and  has  filled  with  distinction 
various  public  offices  of  trust.  He  has  also 
contributed  literary  articles  on  various 
topics  to  current  literature. 

RHODERICK,  GEORGE  CARLTON,  ed 
itor,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1861,  in  Mid- 
dletown,  Md.  He  is  the  local  and  news 
editor  of  The  Valley 
Register  of  Middle- 
town,  Md.,  of  which 
his  father  has  been 
editor  and  proprietor 
for  forty-four  years, 
it  having  been  estab 
lished  in  1844;  cor 
respondent  for  a 
number  of  metropol 
itan  dailies;  and 
manager  of  the 
Western  Union  Tele 
graph  office.  For 
many  years  he  published  a  humorous  pub 
lication;  has  written  a  number  of  meri 
torious  poems,  some  of  which  have  been 
given  a  place  in  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works. 

RHODES,  ALBERT,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  1,  1840,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  is  a 
writer  who  was  successively  United  States 
consul  at  Jerusalem,  Rotterdam,  Rouen, 
and  Elberstadt,  and  since  1885  has  been  a 
resident  of  Paris.  He  is  the  author  of 
Jerusalem  as  It  Is;  The  French  at  Home; 
and  Monsieur  at  Home. 

RHODES,  JAMES  FORD,  author,  was 
born  in  1848.  He  is  a  historian  of  Boston; 
and  the  author  of  History  of  the  United 
States  from  the  Compromise  of  1850. 

RHODES,  JOHN  HENRY,  soldier,  law 
yer,  educator,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1836,  in 
Morrow  county,  Ohio.  He  served  as  a 
soldier  during  the  civil  war,  and  was 
mustered  out  in  1865  as  lieutenant-col 
onel.  During  1886-87  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  state  legislature.  He  moved 
to  Clyde,  Ohio,  in  1869,  where  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  since  1870. 

RHODES,  MOSHEIM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  14,  1837,  in  Wil- 
liamsburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  Lutheran  clergy 
man  of  St.  Louis  from  1874;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Life  Thoughts  for  Young  Men; 
Life  Thoughts  for  Young  Women;  Recog 
nition  in  Heaven;  Vital  Questions;  The 
Throne  of  Grace;  and  Expository  Lec 
tures  on  Philippians. 

RHODES,  ROBERT  LEWIS,  educator, 
business  man,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1837,  in 
Hephzibah,  Ga.  For  many  years  he  was 
a  school  teacher;  and  during  the  civil 
war  was  a  conductor  for  mail  trains.  For 
the  past  ten  years  he  has  been  postmaster 
of  his  native  village;  where  he  is  a  suc 
cessful  farmer,  real  estate  agent,  and  takes 
an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state. 


RHODES,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1774  to  1775. 

RHODES,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  poet, 
was  born  July  16,  1822,  in  Bertie  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Indian 
Gallows,  anu  Other  Poems;  and  of  a 
volume  called  Caxton's  Book.  He  died  in 
1852. 

RIBBLE,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1819,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Va.  In  1843  he  was 
elected  justice  of  the  peace,  and  some 
time  afterward  was  appointed  major  of 
the  Indiana  state  militia.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Indiana  legislature. 

RICAUD,  JAMES  BARROLL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  11,  1808,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  dele 
gates  of  Maryland  in  1834;  and  of  the 
state  senate  of  Maryland  from  1836  to 
1844.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1836  and  1844;  and  was  a  representative 
in  the  thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  con 
gresses.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
circuit  court.  He  died  Jan.  26,  1866,  in 
Chestertown,  Md. 

RICE,  ALEXANDER  HAMILTON, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  Aug.  30,  1818,  in  Newton,  Mass. 
In  1853  he  was  elected  to  the  common 
council  of  Boston,  and  became  the  presi 
dent  of  that  body;  and  was  mayor  of 
Boston  in  1856  and  1857.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Massachusetts  t'o 
the  thirty-sixth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-seventh,  thirty- 
eighth  and  thirty-ninth  congresses.  He 
was  subsequently  elected  mayor  of  Bos 
ton;  and  was  governor  of  Massachusetts 
from  1876  to  1879. 

RICE,  ALLEN  THORNDIKE,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  June  1,  1853,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  organized  in  1879  and  sub 
sequently  directed  what  is  popularly 
known  as  the  Charnay  expedition,  which 
was  despatched  under  the  joint  auspices 
of  the  United  States  and  France,  to  in 
vestigate  systematically  the  remains  of 
ancient  civilization  in  Central  America 
and  Mexico.  He  edited  Reminiscences  of 
Abraham  Lincoln;  and  contributed  to 
Ancient  Cities  of  the  New  World.  He  died 
May  16,  1889,  in  New  York  city. 

RICE,  ALONZO  E.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  May  6,  1857,  in  Fayette  county, 
111.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools,  and  attended 
the  Central  university  of  Pella,  Iowa.  In 
1884  he  was  a  surveyor  in  Holt  county, 
Neb.;  and  during  1885-86  he  served  as  a 
representative  in  the  lower  house  of  the 
Nebraska  legislature.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Centralia,  Wash.;  was  city  at 
torney  in  1892;  and  during  1893-94  was 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Lewis  county. 

RICE,  AMERICUS  VESPUCIUS,  sol 
dier,  banker,  congressman,  was  horn  Nov. 
18,  1835,  in  Perryville,  Ohio.  He  served 
in  the  war  for  the  union  from  1861  to  1865 
entering  as  a  private  and  coming  out  as 
a  brigadier-general.  In  1868  he  became 
manager  of  a  banking  house  in  Ottawa, 
Ohio;  and  in  1874  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress. 

RICE,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  May  26,  1828,  in  East  Otto,  N.  Y. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Kentucky  state  leg 
islature  in  1865;  and  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1856.  After  the  war  he  settled 
in  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  and  organized  the 
republican  party  in  that  state.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Arkansas,  for  the  term  ending  in  1873. 


HKHR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


783 


RICE,  DAVID  HALL,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1841  in  Massachusetts.  He  is 
a  lawyer  of  Boston,  living  in  Brookline, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Protective  Phi 
losophy;  and  Digest  of  Decisions  of  Com 
missioner  of  Patents,  1869-80. 

RICE,  EDMUND,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  14, 

1819,  in  Waitsfield,  Vt.    He  moved  to  St. 
Paul  in  1849,  and  practiced  law  till  1856. 
He  was  president  of  the  Minnesota  and 
Pacific  Railroad   company  from   1857   till 
1863;     St.  Paul  and  Pacific  railroad  1863 
till  1872,  and  trustee  till  1879;    and  presi 
dent  St.  Paul  and  Chicago  1863  till  1877. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  territorial  legis 
lature  1851;    and  was  state  senator  1864- 
66,  1874-76.    He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
house  of  representatives  1867,  1872,  1877, 
and  1878;  was  mayor  of  St.  Paul  1881-83; 
and  re-elected  in  1885.    He  was  elected  to 
the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

RICE,  EDWARD  Y.,  lawyer, jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  8, 

1820,  in   Logan  county,  Ky.     In  1847   he 
was  elected  county  recorder  of  Montgom 
ery  county,  111.;  was  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature   in  1849;     and  was  elected  judge 
of   Montgomery   county,   and   served   two 
years.      He     was     appointed     master     in 
chancery  from   1853  until  1857,  when  he 
was  elected  judge  of  the  eighteenth  circuit 
of  Illinois;     and  was  re-elected   in   1861, 
and   in   1867.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional    convention    of    Illinois    in 
1869;    and  was  elected  to  the  forty-second 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

RICE,  EDWIN  WILBUR,  clergyman, 
editor,  author,  was  born  July  24,  1831, 
near  Gloversville,  N.  Y.  He  received  a 
thorough  education  at  the  Kingsboro 
academy  and  the  academy  of  Little  Falls, 
N.  Y.  He  studied  theology  at  the  Union 
Theological  seminary  of  New  York  city, 
and  was  ordained  in  1860  at  La  Crosse, 
Wis.,  where  he  had  previously  been  en 
gaged  in  educational  work.  He  has  been 
the  editor-in-chief  of  the  American  Sun 
day  School  union  since  1878.  He  had 
served  as  a  missionary  of  the  union  in  the 
northwest,  as  superintendent  of  an  im 
portant  district,  and  as  assistant  secre 
tary  of  missionary  work.  He  knew  by 
personal  observation  what  teachers  and 
pupils  needed,  and  few  men  could  have 
met  the  need  so  ably.  The  Scholars' 
Handbook;  the  Lesson  Leaves;  and  the 
first  Sunday  School  Quarterly  ever  issued, 
besides  fifteen  exhaustive  works  of  larger 
scope,  two  of  which  we  have  already 
mentioned,  are  evidences  of  his  devotion 
and  capacity  in  service. 

RICE,  FRANK,  lawyer,  legislator,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1845,  in  Seneca, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Canan- 
daigua,  N.  Y.;  has  been  a  member  of 
the  New  York  state  assembly;  county 
judge;  and  secretary  of  «tate  of  the  state 
of  New  York. 

RICE,  FRANK  P.,  capitalist,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1838,  in  Clare- 
mont,  N.  H.  In  1882  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Georgia  state  senate;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  for  sev 
eral  terms. 

RICE,  FRANK  S.,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  3,  1850,  in  Elmira,  N.  Y.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  book  entitled  Civil  and 
Criminal  Evidence;  and  Annotation  Code 
of  Civil  Procedure. 

RICE,  GEORGE  EDWARD,  poet,  was 
born  July  10,  1822,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  verse-writer  of  Boston;  and  the 
author  of  Ephemeral;  Nugamenta;  and 
A  New  Play  in  an  Old  Garb,  a  fanciful 
adaptation  of  Hamlet.  He  died  Aug.  10, 
1861,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 


RICE,  HARVEY,  lawyer,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  June,  1800,  in  Conway  Mas- 
sell,  Mass.  He  was  a  prominent  lawyer 
of  Cleveland;  and 
the  author  of  Mount 
Vernon,  and  Other 
Poems;  Select  Po 
ems;  Nature  and 
Culture;  Pioneers 
of  the  Western  Re 
serve;  Sketches  of 
Western  Life;  and 
The  Founder  of  the 
City  of  Cleveland. 
Besides  the  publica 
tion  of  these  works, 
he  contributed  valu 
able  articles  and  poems  to  the  leading 
newspapers  and  magazines  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  in  1891  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

RICE,  HENRY  MOWER,  surveyor,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Nov.  29,  1816,  in  Waitsfield,  Vt.  In 
1853  he  was  elected  a  delegate  to  con 
gress  from  Minnesota;  and  was  re-elected 
in  1855.  In  1857  he  was  elected  a  senator 
in  congress  from  Minnesota  for  the  term 
of  six  years. 

RICE,  ISAAC  LEOPOLD,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1850  in  Bavaria.  He  is 
a  lawyer  of  New  York  city  who  has  writ 
ten  What  Is  Music? 

RICE,  JAMES  CLAY,  soldier,  was  born 
Dec.  27,  1829,  in  Worthington,  Mass.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war,  attaining 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  He  died  May 
11,  1864,  in  Spottsylvania,  Va. 

RICE,  JAMES  MONTGOMERY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  March  8, 
1842,  in  Monmouth,  111.  In  1887  he  set 
tled  in  Peoria,  111.,  where  he  has  since 
been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law. 
He  served  one  term  in  the  Illinois  state 
legislature  during  1871-72.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  Range  Manual,  now  adopted  and 
used  in  five  states  for  the  national  guards 
as  an  authority;  and  also  Small  Arms 
Practice  for  the  National  Guards.  He  is 
the  inventor  and  patentee  of  a  practical 
moving  target,  used  with  great  success 
by  both  the  regular  troops  and  the  na 
tional  guards. 

RICE,  JOHN  ANDREW,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1867,  in 
Colleton  county,  S.  C.  This  eminent 
methodist  episcopal  clergyman  was  elect 
ed  president  of  the  Columbia  Female  col 
lege,  South  Carolina,  in  1894. 

RICE,  JOHN  B.,  soldier,  physician,  sur 
geon,  congressman,  was  born  at  Fremont, 
Ohio.  He  adopted  the  medical  profession; 
served  in  the  union  army  as  assistant  sur 
geon,  surgeon,  and  surgeon-in-chief  of  a 
division  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  forty-seventh  congress  as  a 
republican. 

RICE,  JOHN  B.,  librarian,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1809  in  Easton,  Md.  He  was 
elected  mayor  of  Chicago  in  1865;  and  re- 
elected  in  1867.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress;  and  was  appointed 
librarian  of  the  house  of  representatives. 
He  died  Dec.  17,  1874,  in  Norfolk,  Va. 

RICE,  JOHN  H.,  merchant,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1816,  in  Mount 
Vernon,  Ky.  In  1852  he  was  elected  a 
state  attorney  for  three  years;  was  re- 
elected,  and  held  the  office  until  he  was 
chosen  a  representative  from  Maine  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-eighth  and  thirty-ninth 
congresses. 

RICE,  JOHN  HOLT,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  23,  1777,  in  New  London, 


Va.  In  1822  he  filled  the  chair  of  theology 
in  Hampden-Sidney  college,  which  posi 
tion  he  filled  until  his  death.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  Historical  and 
Philosophical  Considerations  on  Religion. 
He  died  Sept.  3,  1831. 

RICE,  JOHN  M.,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Floyd  county,  Ky. 
He  served  in  the  legislature  of  Kentucky 
in  1859  and  1867;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  forty-first 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

RICE,  LUTHER,  clergyman,  mission 
ary,  philanthropist,  was  born  March  25, 
1783,  in  Northborough,  Mass.  He  attained 
prominence  as  an  eminent  clergyman  of 
the  congregational  church;  was  a  mis 
sionary  in  India;  and  it  was  mainly 
through  his  influence  and  efforts  that  the 
Columbian  university  of  Washington, 
D.  C.,  was  established.  He  died  Sept.  25, 
1836,  in  Edgefield,  S.  C. 

RICE,  MARTIN  HENRY,  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  Born  Oct.  4,  1829,  in  Ja 
maica,  Vt.  He  always  took  a  deep  in 
terest  in  Masonry, 
and  has  lectured  ex 
tensively  on  that 
subject.  He  has  been 
grand  master;  grand 
high  priest  and  il 
lustrious  grand  mas 
ter  of  Masons  in  In 
diana.  He  is  best 
known  as  the  editor 
of  the  Masonic  Ad 
vocate,  on  which  for 
a  quarter  of  a  cen 
tury  his  time  and 
talents,  his  pen  and  brain,  have  been  ac 
tively  employed  in  spreading  true  Masonic 
light  and  knowledge  to  his  uninformed 
brethren. 

RICE,  NATHAN  LEWIS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1807,  in  Garrard 
county,  Ky.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  of  note  who  held  pastorates  in  St. 
Louis,  Cincinnati  and  New  York  city,  and 
was  an  active  controversialist.  He  was 
the  author  of  Romanism  the  Enemy  of 
Free  Institutions;  The  Signs  of  the  Times; 
Baptism;  The  Pulpit;  and  Discourses. 
He  died  June  11,  1877,  in  Chatham,  Ky. 

RICE,  ROSELLA,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  11,  1827,  in  Perrysville,  Ohio.  She 
published  a  novel  entitled  Mabel,  or  Heart 
Histories.  In  1871-72  she  contributed, 
under  the  pen-name  of  Pipsissiway  Potts, 
a  serial  entitled  Other  People's  Windows, 
to  Timothy  S.  Arthur's  Home  Magazine. 

RICE,  SAMUEL  ALLEN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1828,  in  Penn  Yan, 
N.  Y.  In  1856  he  was  chosen  attorney- 
general  of  Iowa,  and  in  1858  he  was  con 
tinued  in  that  office  for  a  second  term. 
He  entered  the  national  army  as  colonel 
of  the  thirty-third  Iowa  volunteers,  his 
commission  dating  from  Aug.  10,  1862. 
For  bravery  at  Helena,  Ark.,  he  was  pro 
moted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 
He  died  July  6,  1864,  in  Oskaloosa,  Iowa. 

RICE,  THERON  M.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1829, 
in  Mecca,  Ohio.  In  1858  he  moved  to  Mis 
souri;  served  in  the  union  army  during 
the  war  of  the  rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank 
of  colonel.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Tipton, 
Mo.;  and  was  elected  circuit  judge  in 
1868,  and  served  six  years.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
forty-seventh  congress. 

RICE,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1813;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1815 
to  1819.  He  died  in  1854. 


784 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


RICE,  THOMAS  D.,  actor,  was  born 
May  20,  1808,  in  New  York  city.  About 
1832  he  began  his  career  in  negro  min 
strelsy  at  the  Pittsburg  and  Louisville 
theaters  with  success,  repeating  his  per 
formances  in  the  eastern  cities  for  sev 
eral  years  to  crowded  houses.  For  a  short 
time  in  1858  he  was  with  Wood's  min 
strels,  where  his  name  stood  for  the  shad 
ow  of  an  attraction.  He  died  Sept.  19, 
1860,  in  New  York  city. 

RICE,  VICTOR  MOREAU,  educator, 
was  born  April  5,  1818,  in  Mayville,  N.  Y. 
The  New  York  legislature  having  created 
a  department  of  public  instruction  in 
1854,  he  was  elected  the  first  state  super 
intendent  for  three  years.  He  was  thrice 
re-elected,  filling  the  office  till  1866.  He 
died  Oct.  17,  1869,  in  Oneida,  N.  Y. 

RICE,  VIETTS  LYSANDER,  engineer, 
inventor,  was  born  in  1844  in  Windsor,  Vt. 
He  is  manager  of  Filer,  Stowell  and 
Company;  and  of  the  North  Star  Iron 
works  of  Minneapolis.  His  inventions  are 
the  Narod  ore  pulverizer,  the  gravity  mill 
and  the  granulating  mill.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  American  Ore  Machinery 
company  of  New  York  city. 

RICE,  WILLARD  MARTIN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  30,  1817,  in  Low- 
ville,  N.  Y.  Since  1876  he  has  devoted 
himself  entirely  to  the  work  of  the  pres- 
byterian  board  of  publication.  He  has 
prepared  Westminster  Question  Book; 
Lesson  Leaf;  and  the  Quarterly. 

RICE,  WILLIAM,  educator,  clergyman, 
was  born  March  10,   1821,  in  Springfield, 
Mass.     He  graduated  from  the  Wesleyan 
academj    <H    \\"ilbi-:i 
ham,  Mass.;  and  dur- 
,.fr^  ing    1841-97   he   was 

a    successful    clergy- 
/•  4K  man    in   the   metho- 

dist  episcopal 
church.  His  pastor 
ates  were  chiefly  in 
Boston  and  vicinity. 
During  1861-97  he 
was  also  librarian  of 
the  Springfield  city 
library;  and  for 
eighteen  years  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  board 
of  education.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1897,  in 
Springfield,  Mass. 

RICE,  WILLIAM  E.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Nov.  28,  1852,  near  Albion,  N.  Y. 
He  graduated  from  the  Michigan  State 
Normal  school,  and  for  several  years  was 
engaged  in  educational  work.  In  1883  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  is  now  a 
successful  lawyer  and  fruit  grower  of 
Rogers  City,  Mich.  In  1888-89  he  was 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Presque  Isle 
county,  and  was  again  elected  to  that 
office  in  1896.  In  1895-96  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  representative  in  the 
Michigan  state  legislature,  and  was  on 
several  important  committees.  He  died 
in  January,  1898. 

RICE,  WILLIAM  J.,  lawyer,  journalist, 
was  born  July  3,  1864,  in  Carter  county, 
Ky.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Rainier, 
Ore.;  and  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Re 
view  of  that  city. 

RICE,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  21,  1845,  in  Marblehead,  Mass.  He 
was  judge  of  insolvency  for  Worcester 
county  in  1858;  was  mayor  of  Worcester 
in  1860;  and  was  district  attorney  for  the 
middle  district  of  Massachusetts  from 
1869  to  1874.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1875;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh,  forty-eighth,  and  forty-ninth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 


RICH,  CHARLES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1771  in  Hampshire  county,  Mass. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Vermont  from  1811  to  1812,  and  again 
from  1817  to  1824.  He  died  Oct.  15,  1824, 
in  Shoreham.  Vt. 

RICH,  MRS.  HELEN  [HINSDALE], 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1827  in  New 
York.  She  is  a  poet  of  Chicago;  ana  the 
author  of  A  Dream  of  the  Adirondacks, 
and  Other  Poems;  and  Madame  de  Stae'l. 

RICH,  ISAAC,  merchant,  was  born  in 
1801  in  Wellfleet,  Mass.  In  the  course  of 
years  he  became  a  successful  fish  mer 
chant,  and  subsequently  a  millionaire, 
gave  largely  to  educational  and  charitable 
institutions,  and,  in  addition  to  numerous 
bequests,  left  the  greater  part  of  his 
estate,  appraised  at  f  1,700,000,  to  the  trus 
tees  of  the  Boston  Wesleyan  university. 
He  died  Jan.  13,  1872,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

RICH,  JOHN  T.,  agriculturist,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  April  23, 
1841,  in  Conneautville,  Pa.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  the  Michigan  state 
legislature  in  1872,  1874,  1876,  and  1878, 
serving  as  speaker  during  the  last  two 
terms;  and  was  state  senator  in  1880.  In 
1881  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  forty-seventh  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 

RICH,  SANFORD  CLARK,  educator, 
clergyman,  lawyer,  was  born  May  2, 
1863,  in  Morgantown,  W.  Va.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Drew  Theological 
seminary;  was  engaged  in  educational 
work  for  eight  years;  was  a  clergyman 
for  six  years;  and  is  now  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Pleasanton,  Kan.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  both  prose  and  verse 
to  the  periodical  press,  and  several  of  his 
poems  have  been  included  in  standard 
works. 

RICHARD,  GABRIEL,  missionary,  edu 
cator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  15, 
1767,  in  France.  He  was  for  a  time  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  in  St.  Mary's  col 
lege,  Maryland;  labored  in  Illinois  as  a 
missionary;  and  went  to  Detroit  in  1799, 
whence  he  was  sent  as  a  delegate  to  con 
gress  in  1823.  He  died  Sept.  13,  1832,  in 
Detroit,  Mich. 

RICHARDS,  BENJAMIN  WOOD,  pub 
lic  official,  state  legislator,  was  born  in 
November,  1797,  in  Burlington  county, 
N.  J.  He  was  appointed  by  President 
Jackson  a  director  of  the  United  States 
bank,  which  office  he  resigned  to  become 
mayor  of  Philadelphia  in  1830-31.  He  was 
one  of  the  earliest  directors  of  Girard  col 
lege;  the  originator,  founder,  and  presi 
dent  until  his  death  of  the  Girard  Life 
and  1  rust  company,  and  a  founder  with 
John  Vaughan  of  the  Blind  asylum.  He 
died  July  13,  1851,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RICHARDS,  CHARLES  COMSTOCK, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1859, 
in  Salt  Lake  City.  In  1888  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  the  territorial  leg 
islature  of  Utah;  and  in  1890  was  a  sen 
ator  of  that  body.  He  was  secretary  of 
the  territory  from  May  16,  1893,  to  Jan.  6, 
1896,  when  that  territory  became  a  state; 
and  he  was  the  acting  governor  at  the 
time  of  admission,  and  turned  the  ex 
ecutive  office  over  to  the  governor  of  the 
state. 

RICHARDS,  CHARLES  HERBERT, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  18, 
1839,  in  Meriden,  N.  H.  He  was  pastor  of 
a  congregational  church  in  Kokomo,  Ind., 
in  1866-67,  and  since  that  time  has  had 
charge  of  the  First  Congregational  church 
in  Madison,  Wis.  He  is  the  author  of 
Will  Phillips;  Songs  of  Christian  Praise; 
Scripture  Selections  for  Public  Wor 
ship;  and  Songs  of  Praise  and  Prayer. 


RICHARDS,  CHARLES  L.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  March  21,  1856,  near 
Woodstock,  111.  For  two  terms  this  suc 
cessful  lawyer  was  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Thayer  county,  Neb.;  and  in  1895  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Nebraska 
state  legislature,  of  which  body  he  was 
speaker. 

RICHARDS,  MRS.  CORNELIA  HOL- 
ROYD  [BRADLEY],  author,  was  born 
Nov.  1,  1822,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.  She  is  the 
author  of  At  Home  and  Abroad,  or  How 
to  Behave;  Pleasure  and  Profit,  or  Les 
sons  on  the  Lord's  Prayer;  Hester  and  I; 
and  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Haven. 

RICHARDS,  CYRUS  SMITH,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  11,  1808,  in  Hart 
ford,  Vt.  He  was  principal  of  Kimball 
Union  academy,  Meriden,  N.  H.,  and  from 
1871  until  his  death  had  charge  of  the  pre 
paratory  department  of  Howard  univer 
sity  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Latin  Lessons  and  Tables;  Out 
lines  of  Latin  Grammar;  and  an  Intro 
duction  to  Caesar:  First  Latin  Les 
sons.  He  died  July  19,  1885,  in  Madison, 
Wis. 

RICHARDS,  MRS.  ELLEN  HENRIET 
TA  [SWALLOW],  educator,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  3,  1842,  in  Dunstable,  Mass. 
She  is  an  instructor  in  sanitary  chemistry 
in  the  Massachusetts  institute  of  Tech 
nology;  and  is  the  author  of  Chemistry 
of  Cookery  and  Cleaning;  Food  Materials 
and  Their  Adulterations;  and  First  Les 
sons  in  Minerals. 

RICHARDS,  FRANCIS  HENRY,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1850,  in  New 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  has  invented  a  great 
many  valuable  machines  and  devices, 
which  he  has  given  to  the  public. 

RICHARDS,  FRANKLIN  DEWEY, 
Mormon  apostle,  state  legislator,  was  born 
April  2,  182i,  in  Richmond,  Mass.  In  1849 
he  was  ordained  one  of  the  twelve  apostles 
of  Salt  Lake  City;  in  1852  was  a  member 
of  the  legislature;  and  re-elected  in  1856. 
In  1889  he  became  historian  and  general 
recorder  of  the  church  at  Salt  Lake  City, 
which  position  he  still  holds. 

RICHARDS,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Rhode  Island.  He  was 
pastor  of  a  universalist  church  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.,  from  1793  till  1809,  and 
subsequently  in  Philadelphia,  where  he 
established  the  Freemason's  Magazine  and 
General  Miscellany,  and  edited  it  for  two 
years.  He  was  the  author  of  odes,  Ma 
sonic  orations,  An  Historical  Discourse 
on  the  Death  of  Gen.  Washington,  and 
many  patriotic  poems  descriptive  of  the 
revolution.  He  died  March  1,  1814,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RICHARDS,  GEORGE,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  March  21,  1833,  in  Potts- 
ville,  Pa.  Since  i862  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Hibernia  Mine  railroad;  is 
also  president  of  the  Hibernia  Under 
ground  railroad,  and  Dover  and  Rockaway 
railroad. 

RICHARDS,  HELEN  DOROTHY  WHIT- 
ON,  author.  She  was  the  author  of 
several  juvenile  books,  including  Robert 
Walbar;  Hemlock  Ridge;  and  The  Con 
quered  Heart. 

RICHARDS,  JACOB,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1803  to  1809. 

RICHARDS,  JAMES  A.  D.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  22,  1845,  In 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat  from 
Ohio. 

RICHARDS,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1795  to  1797. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


785 


RICHARDS,  JOHN,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  in  1814  and  1815; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1823  to  1825. 

RICHARDS,  JOSEPH  WILLIAM, Ph.  D., 
mineralogist,  author,  was  born  July 
28,  1864,  in  England.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  the  only  work  in  the  English 
language  on  aluminum.  Since  1887  he 
has  been  professor  of  metallurgy,  mineral 
ogy  and  blowpipe  analysis  in  the  Lehigh 
university  of  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

RICHARDS,  L.  L.  GREENE,  editor, 
poet,  was  born  April  8,  1849,  in  Kanes- 
ville,  Iowa.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three 
she  became  the  ed 
itor  of  the  Woman's 
Exponent — the  first 
woman's  paper  pub 
lished  in  Utah;  her 
self  Utah's  first  lady 
editor.  The  year 
following  she  mar 
ried  Levi  Willard 
Richards,  but  five 
years  later  she  was 
compelled  through 
failing  health  and 
domestic  duties  to 
relinquish  her  business  pursuits  and  to 
turn  the  publication  over  to  the  hands  of 
Mrs.  Emmeline  B.  Wells,  under  whose 
care  it  still  flourishes. 

RICHARDS,  MRS.  LAURA  ELIZA 
BETH  [HOWE],  author,  was  born  in  1850 
in  Massachusetts.  She  is  a  writer  of 
juvenile  books,  whose  home  is  in  Gar 
diner,  Maine;  and  the  author  of  The  Joy 
ous  Story  of  Toto;  Toto's  Merry  Winter; 
In  My  Nursery;  Five  Mice;  Captain  Jan 
uary;  Jim  of  Hellas;  and  Queen  Hilde- 
garde. 

RICHARDS.  LOUIS  HARRY,  railroad 
president,  was  born  April  7,  1831,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  Since  1878  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg 
and  Piedmont  railroad. 

RICHARDS,  MRS.  MARIA  [TOLMAN], 
educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1821,  in 
Dorchester,  Mass.  She  is  an  educator  and 
lecturer  of  Providence;  and  the  author 
of  Life  in  Judea;  and  Life  in  Israel. 

RICHARDS,  MARK,,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  for  eight  years;  was  county 
sheriff  for  five  years;  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1813;  and  was  a  state  counsel 
or  in  1813  and  1815.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Vermont  from  1817 
to  1821;  and  was  lieutenant-governor  of 
Vermont  in  1830. 

RICHARDS,  MATTHIAS,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1757.  He 
was  a  judge  of  Berks  county,  Pa.,  from 
1788  to  1797;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1807 
to  1811.  He  died  in  1830. 

RICHARDS,  MATTHIAS  HENRY,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  journalist,  was  born 
June  17,  1841,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Since 
1880  he  has  been  editor  of  Church  Lesson- 
Leaves;  and  Helper;  and  since  1886  the 
managing  editor  of  the  Church  Messenger 
at  Allentown,  Pa. 

RICHARDS,  ROBERT  HALLOWELL, 
metallurgist,  educator,  inventor,  was  born 
Aug.  26,  1844,  in  Gardiner,  Maine.  He  has 
invented  a  jet  aspirator  for  chemical  and 
physical  laboratories;  and  an  ore-sep 
arator  for  the  Lake  Superior  copper  mills. 
During  1886  he  was  president  of  the  Amer 
ican  institute  of  Mining  Engineers. 

RICHARDS,  SARAH  J.,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  1820.  She  was  a  noted  phi 
lanthropist  of  her  time.  She  died  in  1893. 

50 


RICHARDS,  THOMAS  AUDISON,  art 
ist,  educator,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1820,  in 
England.  Since  1867  he  has  been  profes 
sor  of  art  in  the  university  of  the  city  of 
New  York,  which  gave  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  M.  A.  in  1878.  His  numerous 
paintings  include  Alastor,  or  the  Spirit  of 
Solitude;  and  The  Indian's  Paradise. 

RICHARDS,  W.  AVERY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  28,1838,  in  Clyde, 
Ohio.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the 
methodist  churches  of  Dixon,  Prairie 
City,  Sioux  City,  and  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems. 

RICHARDS,  WILLIAM,  missionary, 
was  born  Aug.  22,  1792,  in  Plainfield, 
Mass.  In  1822  he  embarked  as  a  mission 
ary  to  the  Sandwich  islands.  In  1838  he 
became  councilor,  chaplain  and  inter 
preter  to  the  king,  and  after  the  recogni 
tion  of  the  independence  of  the  islands 
by  foreign  powers  was  sent  as  ambas 
sador  to  England,  and  to  other  courts.  He 
died  Dec.  7,  1847,  in  Honolulu. 

RICHARDS,  WILLIAM  ALFORD, 
farmer,  civil  engineer,  governor,  was  born 
March  9,  1849,  in  Hazel  Green,  Wis.  He 
has  been  county  surveyor  in  California 
and  Colorado,  and  during  1889-93  was 
United  States  surveyor-general  of  Wyom 
ing.  Jan.  7,  1895,  he  was  inaugurated 
governor  of  Wyoming  for  a  term  of  four 
years. 

RICHARDS,  WILLIAM  CAREY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  24, 
1818,  in  England.  He  was  a  baptist  min 
ister  of  Chicago,  widely  known  as  a  lec 
turer  upon  physical  science,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Baptist  Banquets;  The  Lord  -Is 
My  Shepherd;  The  Mountain  Anthem; 
Our  Father  in  Heaven,  a  series  of  son 
nets;  and  Science  in  Song.  He  died  in 
1892. 

RICHARDS,  WILLIAM  TROST,  artist, 
was  born  Nov.  14,  1833,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  Among  his  works  in  oil  are  Tulip- 
Trees  (1859);  Midsummer;  Woods  in 
June  (1864);  and  Mid  Ocean.  His  work  in 
water-colors  has  become  widely  known, 
and  includes  Cedars  on  the  Sea-Shore 
(1873);  Paradise,  Newport;  Sand-Hills, 
Coast,  N.  J.;  King  Arthur's  Castle,  Tin- 
tagel,  Cornwall;  Mullion  Gull  Rock,  Tin- 
tagel,  Cornwall  (1882);  The  Unresting 
Sea  (1884). 

RICHARDS,  ZALMON,  educator,  was 
born  Aug.  11,  1811,  in  Cummington,  Mass. 
He  attended  Williams  college  during  1831- 
36;  was  principal  of 
the  Union  academy 
of  his  native  city  for 
three  years;  of  the 
Stillwater  academy 
for  ten  years;  of  the 
preparatory  depart 
ment  of  the  Colum 
bian  college  for  three 
years;  and  of  the 
Union  academy  dur 
ing  1851-66.  For  two 
years  he  was  super 
intendent  of  public 
schools  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  for 
three  years  was  a  clerk  in  the  bureau  of 
education.  Since  1856  he  has  been  presi 
dent  and  a  member  of  the  National  Edu 
cational  association. 

RICHARDSON,  MRS.  ABBY  (SAGE), 
educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1835. 
She  is  an  educator  and  lecturer  upon  lit 
erature,  and  the  author  of  Familiar  Talks 
on  English  Literature;  Stories  from  Old 
English  Poetry;  History  of  Our  Country; 
and  Abelard  and  Heloise,  a  Mediaeval  Ro 
mance.  She  has  edited  Songs  from  the 
Old  Dramatists,  and  other  works. 


RICHARDSON,  ALBERT  DEANE, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1833, 
in  Franklin,  Mass.  He  was  a  journalist 
of  New  York  city,  and  famous  as  the 
war  correspondent  of  The  Tribune  during 
the  civil  war.  He  was  the  author  of  Be 
yond  the  Mississippi;  Personal  History  of 
Ulysses  Grant;  The  Field,  the  Dungeon, 
and  the  Escape;  and  Garnered  Sheaves. 
He  died  Dec.  2,  1868,  in  New  York  city. 

RICHARDSON,  BEALE  HOWARD, 
journalist,  was  born  in  1843,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  In  1889  he  obtained  control  of  the 
Georgia  Enquirer  Sun,  which  under  his 
management  became  remarkably  success 
ful. 

RICHARDSON,  CHARi.ES  ALBERT, 
soluier,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born 
Aug.  14,  1829,  in  Freetown,  N.  Y.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  common 
schools,  and  attend 
ed  Cortland  academy 
of  Homer,  N.  Y.  He 
has  been  county 
treasurer  and  surro 
gate  of  Ontario  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.;  New  York 
state  commissioner 
foi  Gettysburg  and 
Chattanooga  monu 
ments;  and  United 
States  commissioner  for  Gettysburg  na 
tional  park.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  the  union  army  as  lieutenant, 
captain  and  major  of  the  one  hundred  and 
twenty-sixth  regiment  New  York  volun 
teer  infantry.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  the  east,  and  has  a  large  prac 
tice  at  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 

RICHARDSON,  CHARLES  FRANCIS, 
educator,  author,  was  born  May  29,  1851, 
in  Hallowell,  Maine.  He  was  a  professor 
of  English  literature  at  Dartmouth  col 
lege  from  1882,  and  is  the  author  of  Prim 
er  of  American  Literature;  The  Cross,  a 
collection  of  verse;  American  Literature, 
1607-1885;  and  The  Choice  of  Books.  Co- 
editor  with  H.  A.  Clark  of  The  College 
Book. 

RICHARDSON,  DAVID  P.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  May  28,  1833, 
in  Macedon,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  from  1861  to  1864;  removed  to  An 
gelica  in  1866,  and  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

RICHARDSON,  E.  C.,  librarian.  He  is 
the  librarian  of  the  Princeton  university, 
and  a  regular  contributor  to  historical  lit 
erature. 

RICHARDSON,  GEORGE  P.,  agricultu 
rist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  July  1,  1850,  in  Jamestown,  Mich. 
He  was  the  son  of  a 
pioneer  farmer,  and 
his  occupation  in  life 
has  been  principally 
that  of  a  farmer.  He 
received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  common 
schools.  He  was 
elected  township 
clerk  eight  years  in 
succession,  and  in 
1884  was  elected  to 
the  Michigan  legis 
lature,  and  again  in 
1890.  The  democrats  controlled  the  or 
ganization  of  the  house,  and  he  was  elect 
ed  speaker  pro  tempore,  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  by  the  demo 
crats  and  populists.  He  was  the  editor  of 
The  Free  Coinage  Independent,  which  is 
now  published  as  The  Middle  West  of 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


786 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


RICHARDSON,  HOBART  WOOD,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1831.  He  was 
a  journalist  of  Portland,  Maine,  and  the 
author  of  Paper  Money;  The  National 
Banks;  and  The  Standard  Dollar.  He 
died  in  1889. 

RICHARDSON,  J.  M.,  soldier,  poet,  was 
born  March  13,  1831,  in  South  Carolina. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war  as  a  confed 
erate,  attaining  the  rank  of  colonel.  He 
has  contributed  both  prose  and  verse  to 
the  leading  magazines  and  journals  of 
South  Carolina. 

RICHARDSON,  JAMES  B.,  governor, 
was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  that  state  from  1802  to  1804. 

RICHARDSON,  JAMES  DANIEL,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  March  10,  1843,  in  Rutherford 
county,  Tenn.  In  1870  he  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  Tennessee  state  leg 
islature,  and  was  elected  speaker  on  the 
first  day  of  the  session.  In  1872  he  was 
elected  state  senator  and  served  two  years, 
and  in  1873,  when  thirty  years  of  age, 
was  made  grand  master  of  Masons  for 
the  state  of  Tennessee.  He  also  became 
grand  high  priest  of  the  grand  chapter 
of  the  state.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  for 
ty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second, 
fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

HICHARDSON,  JOHN  FRAM,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1808,  in  Vernon, 
N.  Y.  He  believed  he  had  discovered  the 
true  pronunciation  of  Latin,  as  spoken 
by  the  ancient  Romans,  and  in  the  face 
of  much  opposition  taught  it  to  his  pupils. 
It  has  since  been  adopted  by  many  of  the 
foremost  educators.  He  published  Ro 
man  Orthoepy:  a  Plea  for  the  Restora 
tion  of  the  True  System  of  Latin  Pronun 
ciation.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1868,  in  Roches 
ter,  N.  Y. 

RICHARDSON,  JOHN  PETER,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  April  14,  1801,  in  Hickory  Hill,  S.  C. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina 
state  legislature  from  1824  to  1836;  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1837  to 
1840;  and  was  governor  of  South  Carolina 
from  1840  to  1842.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1864, 
in  Fulton,  S.  C. 

RICHARDSON,  JOHN  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  agriculturist,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  29,  1828,  in  Sumter  district,  S.  C. 
He  served  in  the  confederate  army  as  a 
commissioned  officer  during  the  war  of 
the  rebellion.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
South  Carolina  state  house  of  representa 
tives  from  1865  to  1867.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

RICHARDSON,  JOHN  SMYTHE,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  April 
11,  1777,  in  Sumter,  S.  C.  He  was  an  as 
sociate  judge  of  the  general  sessions  and 
of  the  common  pleas,  and  presiding  judge 
of  the  court  of  appeals;  and  was  elected 
a  member  of  congress  in  1820,  but  owing 
to  some  exigency  in  his  private  affairs, 
was  not  qualified.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature,  and  attorney-general 
for  the  state  of  South  Carolina.  He  died 
May  8,  1850,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

RICHARDSON,  JOSEPH,  clergyman, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1778,  in 
Billerica,  Mass.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1827 
to  1831;  and  was  senior  pastor  over  the 
First  church  at  Hingham  for  fifty  years. 
He  died  Sept.  25,  1871,  in  Hingham,  Mass. 

RICHARDSON,  JOSEPH,  architect,  was 
born  Sept.  7,  1814,  in  England.  Thirty 


years  ago  he  established  a  line  of  steam 
boats  between  New  York  and  Bridgeport, 
Conn.,  which  he  yet  controls.  The  water 
works  at  Laramie  City  are  another  mon 
ument  to  his  enterprise,  he  having  been 
their  originator  and  builder.  He  also 
built  the  water  works  at  Houston,  Texas. 

RICHARDSON,  NATHANIEL  SMITH, 
clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  8,  1810,  in  Middlebury,  Conn.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  who  was  edi 
tor  of  The  American  Church  Review,  and 
was  the  author  of  Reasons  Why  I  am  a 
Churchman;  Reasons  Why  I  am  not  a 
Papist;  and  Evidences  of  Natural  and  Re 
vealed  Religion.  He  died  Aug.  7,  1883,  in 
Bridgeport,  Conn. 

RICHARDSON,  RICHARD,  patriot,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1704  near  Jamestown, 
Va.  In  1775  he  was  a  member  of  the 
council  of  safety  at  Charleston,  S.  C. ;  and 
in  1776  became  a  brigadier-general.  He 
died  in  September,  1781,  near  Salisbury, 
S.  C. 

RICHARDSON,  SHERMAN  D.,  soldier, 
journalist,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1847,  in 
Stafford,  Conn.  Colonel  Richardson  was 
an  officer  in  the  civil  war.  He  learned 
the  printing  business,  and  has  been  editor, 
cartoonist,  special  correspondent  and  con 
tributor  to  various  newspapers  and  maga 
zines.  He  is  known  as  the  War  Poet; 
has  given  public  readings  of  his  own 
works  with  success;  and  is  the  author  of 
a  volume  of  poems. 

RICHARDSON,  T.,  journalist,  public  of 
ficial,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1844,  in  Port  Gib 
son,  Miss.  For  eighteen  years  he  has 
been  an  alderman  of  his  native  city;  post 
master  for  twenty  years,  and  a  delegate 
to  the  republican  national  conventions  of 
1884  and  1896.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Vidette  of  Port  Gibson,  Miss. 

RICHARDSON,  WILLIAM  ADAMS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  2,  1821,  in  Tynsborough, 
Mass.  In  1855  he  was  appointed  to  revise 
the  statutes  of  Massachusetts,  and  subse 
quently  was  appointed  to  edit  the  annual 
supplements  to  the  general  statutes,  which 
he  continued  to  do  for  twenty-two  years. 
In  1856  he  became  a  judge  of  probate,  and 
two  years  later  judge  of  probate  and  in 
solvency,  serving  as  such  for  sixteen 
years.  He  became  assistant  secretary  of 
the  treasury  department,  and  in  1871  went 
to  Europe  as  a  financial  agent  for  the 
government.  In  1873  he  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  treasury,  and  in  1874  ac 
cepted  a  seat  on  the  bench  of  the  United 
States  court  of  claims.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  of  claims.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  Banking  Laws  of  Massachusetts; 
History  of  the  Court  of  Claims;  Practical 
Information  Concerning  the  United  States 
Public  Debt;  and  National  Banking  Laws. 

RICHARDSON.  WILLIAM  ALEXAN 
DER,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  Unit 
ed  States  senator,  governor,  was  born  Oct. 
11,  1811,  in  Fayette  county,  Ky.  In  1835 
he  was  elected  state  attorney;  in  1836 
a  member  of  the  Illinois  state  legislature, 
and  in  1838  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate.  In  1844  he  was  again  elected  to  the 
legislature,  and  made  speaker  of  the 
house;  and  was  also  chosen  a  presidential 
elector  in  1S44.  In  1846  he  served  as  cap 
tain  in  the  Mexican  war.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Illinois,  where  he  continued  to  serve  by 
re-election  until  1856.  In  1857  he  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  Nebraska,  and  in  1860 
was  elected  to  the  house  of  representa 
tives,  and  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  Dec.  27, 
1875,  in  Quincy,  111. 


RICHARDSON,  WILLIAM  MER 
CHANT,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1774,  in  Pelham,  N. 
H.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1811  to  1814,  when  he 
resigned.  He  removed  to  Portsmouth,  N. 
H.,  in  1814,  and  was  appointed  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Hamp 
shire  in  1816.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
New  Hampshire  Justice,  and  The  Town 
Officer;  and  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
first  and  second  volumes  of  The  New 
Hampshire  Reports  was  drawn  up  by  him. 
He  died  March  3,  1838,  in  Chester,  N.  H. 

RICHE,  GEORGE  INMAN,  lawyer,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1833,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
paymaster  of  United  States  volunteers, 
and  in  1864-67  he  was  a  member  of  the 
common  council.  He  is  best  known  for 
his  educational  work.  In  1867-86  he  was 
the  principal  of  the  Philadelphia  high 
school. 

RICKEY,  ISABEL  GRIMES,  poet,  was 
born  in  Lancaster,  Mo.  She  is  a  writer  of 
Plattsmouth,  Neb.,  and  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  A  Harp  of  the 
West. 

RICKEY,  JAMES,  educator,  poet,  was 
born  July  15,  1818,  in  Pendleton  county, 
Ky.  Despite  the  advanced  age  of  Mr. 
Richey  he  still  teaches  school.  For  more 
than  half  a  century  he  has  contributed 
to  educational  journals  and  the  periodical 
press;  and  his  poems  have  been  given  a 
place  in  several  standard  collections. 

RICHEY,  JAMES  C.,  soldier,  journalist, 
was  born  July  13,  1847,  in  New  Castle, 
Pa.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a 
union  soldier,  and  has  been  on  the  fron 
tier  since  the  war.  He  is  the  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Times  of  Wichita,  Kan.; 
has  been  alderman  of  his  city  and  filled 
various  other  public  positions  of  trust. 

RICHMOND,  DEAN,  merchant,  railroad 
president,  was  born  March  31,  1804,  in 
Barnard,  Vt.  He  moved  to  Buffalo  in 
1842,  and  after  the  consolidation  of  the 
railroads  forming  the  New  York  Central 
he  moved  to  Batavia,  N.  Y.  He  was 
first  vice-president  of  the  company;  was 
elected  its  president  in  1864,  and  was  the 
first  railroad  man  to  advocate  the  laying 
of  steel  rails.  He  died  Aug.  27.  1866, 
in  New  York  city. 

RICHMOND,  MRS.  EUPHEMIA  JOHN 
SON  (GUERNSEY),  author,  was  born  in 
1825  in  New  York.  She  is  a  writer  of 
Upton,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author  of  Hope 
Raymond;  Two  Paths;  The  McAllisters, 
a  temperance  tale;  The  Jewelled  Serpent; 
The  Fatal  Dower;  and  Anna  Maynard, 
the  King's  Daughter. 

RICHMOND,  HIRAM  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  17,  1810,  in  Chau- 
tauqua,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

RICHMOND,  JACOB  L.,  soldier,  farmer, 
lawyer,  business  man,  was  born  June  16, 
1836,  in  Wayne,  N.  Y.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  common  and  high  schools 
and  attended  a  commercial  college  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  served  as  a  union  sol 
dier  during  the  civil  war;  was  commis 
sioned  first  lieutenant,  and  promoted  to 
captain  for  bravery  and  efficiency  during 
the  siege  of  Vicksburg.  For  fifteen'  suc 
cessive  years  he  was  inspector  of  cus 
toms;  has  been  United  States  circuit  court 
commissioner;  and  was  clerk  of  the  dis 
trict  court  for  fifteen  years.  He  has 
filled  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  various  other  public  offices  of  trust. 
He  is  prominent  in  the  Masonic  and  other 
fraternal  orders;  and  resides  in  Minne- 
waukan,  N.  D. 


HBRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


787 


RICHMOND,  JAMES  BUCHANAN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Turkey  Cove,  Va.  He  served  in  the  con 
federate  army,  rising  to  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Virginia  to  the  forty-sixth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

RICHMOND,  JAMES  COOK,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1808,  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  He  traveled  extensively  in  Europe, 
and  was  the  author  of  a  Visit  to  Iowa  in 
1846;  A  Midsummer  Day  Dream;  and 
Metacomet,  the  first  canto  of  an  epic 
poem.  He  died  July  20,  1866,  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y. 

RICHMOND,  JONATHAN,  pioneer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1774  in  Bristol, 
Mass.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
western  New  York  in  1813;  was  once  col 
lector  of  the  customs  for  the  United  States 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1819  to  1821.  He  died 
July  29,  1853,  in  Cayuga,  N.  Y. 

RICHMOND,  LEWIS,  soldier,  merchant, 
diplomat,  was  born  March  12,  1824,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  During  the  civil  war 
he  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen 
eral.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  United 
States  consul  in  Ireland;  subsequently  in 
Italy;  and  in  1884  was  appointed  minister 
resident  at  Lisbon,  Portugal. 

RICHMOND,  MARY  ELIZABETH 
MEAD,  philanthropist,  was  born  in  June, 
1813,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  Prom  1853  until  her 
death  in  1895  she  resided  in  Batavia,  N. 
Y.  The  Richmond  Memorial  Library 
bulging  of  that  city  was  erected  by  her 
at  a  cost  of  thirty  thousand  dollars,  in 
memory  of  her  son,  Dean  Richmond,  who 
died  in  1885.  She  performed  many  gen 
erous  acts. 

RICHTER,  E.  L.,  journalist,  was  born 
in  Harrison,  Ohio.  He  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  attended  the  Northwestern 
Ohio  Normal  school.  He  has  been  a  tele 
graph  operator,  assistant  superintendent 
train  dispatcher;  and  is  now  the  editor 
and  owner,  of  The  Pioneer  of  Larimore, 
N.  D. 

RICHTER,  JOHN  G.  A.,  legislator,  was 
born  April  30,  1862,  in  Allegheny  City,  Pa. 
In  1888  he  organized  the  first  council  of 
the  Junior  Order  of  the  United  American 
Mechanics,  in  the  city  of  Canton,  Ohio,  in 
which  society  he  has  since  held  high 
offices. 

RICKARDS,  JOHN  EZRA,  merchant, 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  July  23, 
1848,  in  Delaware  City,  Del.  His  early 
life  was  spent  on  a 
farm;  and  was  sub 
sequently  a  clerk  and 
bookkeeper.  In  1870 
he  located  in  Colo 
rado,  and  nine  years 
later  in  California; 
and  in  1882  in  Butte 
City,  Mont.,  which 
has  since  been  his 
home  In  1888  and 
again  in  1892  he  was 
elected  to  represent 
the  laymen  of  Mon 
tana  in  the  general  conference  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church.  He  served  as 
a  member  of  the  board  of  aldermen  in 
Butte;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  convention;  then  became  lieu 
tenant-governor;  and  in  1892  was  elected 
governor  of  Montana,  and  was  popularly 
known  as  Montana's  model  governor.  He 
was  instrumental  in  the  establishment  of 
a  reform  school;  is  a  strong  and  unyield 
ing  advocate  of  bimetallism,  and  his  well- 
known  ability  and  integrity  of  purpose 
have  made  him  invincible  in  every  po 
litical  contest  he  has  undertaken. 


RICKETTS,  JAMES  BREWERTON, 
soldier,  was  born  June  21,  1817,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1839  he  graduated  from  the 
United  States  Mili 
tary  academy.  In 
1864  he  passed  from 
the  campaign  against 
Richmond  to  the  de 
fence  of  Washington, 
when  threatened  by 
General  Early;  and 
then  took  part'  under 
Sheridan  in  the  pur 
suit  through  the  Val 
ley,  receiving  at 
Cedar  Creek  &  wound 
which  disabled  him 
for  the  winter.  He  received  the  brevets  of 
major-general  of  volunteers  in  1864,  and 
of  brigadier  and  major-general  in  the  reg 
ular  army  in  1865.  He  died  Sept.  22,  1887 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

RICKOPF,  ANDREW  JACKSON,  educa 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1824,  in  Mercer, 
N.  J.  The  credit  is  awarded  him  of  reor 
ganizing  the  schools  both  of  Cincinnati 
and  Cleveland,  and  largely  influencing  the 
school  systems  in  Ohio. 

RICORD,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  (STRYK- 
ER),  author,  was  born  in  1788  on  Long 
Island.  She  was  an  educator  of  Geneva, 
N.  Y.,  and  after  1845  a  resident  of  New 
ark,  N.  J.  She  was  the  author  of  Philoso 
phy  of  the  Mind;  and  Zamba,  or  the  In 
surrection,  a  Dramatic  Poem.  She  died 
Oct.  10,  1865,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

RICORD,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM,  law 
yer,  educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct. 
7,  1819,  in  West  Indies.  He" is  a  lawyer 
and  educator  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  the 
author  of  History  of  Rome;  The  Youth's 
Grammar;  English  Songs  from  Foreign 
Tongues;  and  The  Self-Tormentor,  from 
the  Latin  of  Terentius,  with  More  Eng 
lish  Songs. 

RICORD,  JEAN  BAPTISTE,  physician, 
naturalist,  author,  was  born  in  1777  in 
France.  He  was  a  French  physician  and 
naturalist  who  settled  in  New  York  city, 
and  was  the  author  of  Improved  French 
Grammar;  and  several  French  works.  He 
died  in  1837  in  the  West  Indies. 

RIDDELL,  JOHN  LEONARD,  physi 
cian,  educator,  inventor,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  20,  1807,  in  Leyden,  Mass.  He  was 
melter  and  refiner  at  the  United  States 
mint  in  New  Orleans,  the  inventor  of  a 
binocular  microscope  and  magnifying 
glass,  and  discovered  the  microscopical 
characteristics  of  the  blood  and  black 
vomit  in  yellow  fever.  He  first  brought 
to  notice  the  botanical  genus  Riddellia, 
which  was  named  for  him. 

RIDDLE,  ALBERT  GALLATIN,  lawyer, 
author,   congressman,   was  born   May  28, 
1816,  in  Monson,  Mass.    He  was  elected  a 
representative     from 
Ohio  to    the    thirty- 
seventh        congress; 
and         subsequently 
practiced       law       in 
Washington,     D.     C. 
He     has     written     a 
number  of  romances 
of  early  life  in  Ohio. 
He  is  the  author  of 
The  House  of  Ross; 
"    ,  £5^     Uart  RMgeley;  Alice 

i  Brand;     The    Tory's 

Daughter;         Mark 

Loan;  The  Portrait;  Personal  Recollec 
tions  of  War  Times;  Students  and  Law 
yers;  Life  of  Benjamin  Wade;  Life  of 
Garfield;  and  Speeches  and  Arguments. 

RIDDLE,  GEORGE  READE,  civil  en 
gineer,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1817  in  New  Castle,  Del. 
He  was  appointed  deputy  attorney-gen- 


eral  for  his  native  county,  which  position 
he  held  until  1850,  when  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Delaware  to  the  thir 
ty-second  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-third  congress.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  Dela 
ware,  for  the  term  ending  in  1869.  He 
died  March  29,  1867,  in  Washington  City. 

RIDDLE,  H.  T.,  congressman.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Tennessee 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

RIDDLE,  HAYWOOD  YANCEY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  20,  1834,  In 
Van  Buren,  Tenn.  From  1865  to  1875  he 
was  clerk  and  master  of  the  Lebanon 
chancery  court.  He  was  then  elected  a 
representative  from  Tennessee  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

RIDDLE,  MATTHEW  BROWN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1836,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  an  original  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Testament  revision  com 
mittee  formed  in  1871,  translated  and  ed 
ited  the  epistles  to  the  Romans,  Gala- 
tians,  Ephesians,  and  Colossians  in  the 
American  edition  of  Lange's  Commen 
tary;  contributed  to  Rev.  Dr.  Philip 
Schaff's  Popular  Illustrated  Commentary 
on  the  New  Testament;  and  to  his  Inter 
national  Revision  Commentary  (New 
York,  1882). 

RIDDLEBERGER,  HARRISON  HOLT, 
soldier,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1844,  in 
Edinburg,  Va.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Virginia  state  legislature 
in  1871,  and  again  in  1873.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  commonwealth  attorney  in  1875  and 
1879,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  elected 
state  senator.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1876  and  1880;  and  in  1881  was 
elected  United  States  senator  from  Vir 
ginia  for  the  term  of  sfx  years  from  March 
4,  1883.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1890,  in  Wood 
stock,  Va. 

RIDEING,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  littera 
teur,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
17,  1853,  in  England.  He  is  a  Boston 
writer  on  the  editorial  staff  of  The 
Youth's  Companion,  and  the  author  ot 
Pacific  Railway  Illustrated;  A  Saddle  in 
the  Wild  West;  Boys  in  the  Mountains 
and  on  the  Plains;  Boys  Coastwise;  Stray 
Moments  with  Thackeray;  Alpenstock; 
Young  Folks'  History  of  London;  The 
Boyhood  of  Living  Authors;  Thackeray's 
London;  A  Little  Upstart,  a  novel;  In 
the  Land  of  Lorna  Doone;  and  The  Cap 
tured  Cunarder. 

RIDER,  GEORGE  THOMAS,  educator, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1829, 
in  Rice  City,  R.  I.  In  1860  he  removed 
to  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  where  he  con 
ducted  the  Cottage  Hill  seminary  for 
young  ladies  till  1874.  He  is  on  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  the  New  York  Churchman. 
He  has  published  Plain  Music  for  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer;  Lyra  Anglicana, 
or  a  Hymnal  of  Sacred  Poetry,  selected 
from  the  Best  English  Writers,  and  ar 
ranged  after  the  Order  of  the  Apostles' 
Creed;  and  Lyra  Americana,  or  Verses  of 
Praise  and  Faith  from  American  Poets. 

RIDER,  HENRY  CLOSS,  educator,  was 
born  Dec.  14,  1832,  in  Esperance,  N.  Y. 
He  is  the  founder  and  present  superin 
tendent  of  the  Northern  New  York  in 
stitute  for  Deaf  Mutes. 

RIDER,  JOHN  J.,  farmer,  legislator,  was 
born  Feb.  23,  1840,  in  Exeter,  N.  Y.  This 
successful  farmer  is  the  owner  of  three 
hundred  acres,  and  makes  a  specialty  of 
dairying  and  hop  raising.  In  1894  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  New  York 
state  legislature,  and  received  the  re 
election  to  a  second  term. 


788 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPKDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


RIDGAWAY,  HENRY  BASCOM,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  7, 
1830,  in  Talbot  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
methodist  clergyman  and  educator  of  Illi 
nois,  and  president  of  the  Garrett  Bibli 
cal  institute  at  Evanston,  111.,  from  1882. 
He  was  the  author  of  Life  of  Alfred 
Cookman;  The  Lord's  Land,  or  Travels  in 
Sinai  and  Palestine;  and  Lives  of  Bishops 
Janes,  Waugh,  Simpson.  He  died  in  1895. 

R1DGELEY,  HENRY  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1778.  He  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  and  for  many  years 
was  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Dela 
ware  bar.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Delaware  from  1811  to 
1815;  and  filled  a  vacancy  as  senator  in 
congress  from  1826  to  1829.  He  died  Aug. 
7,  1847,  in  Dover,  Del. 

RIDGELY,  CHARLES,  soldier,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1762. 
He  served  in  the  state  senate,  and  was 
chosen  governor  of  Maryland  three  times 
successively,  in  1815-17.  He  was  also 
brigadier-general  of  Maryland  militia.  He 
died  July  17,  1829,  in  Hampton,  Md. 

RIDGELY,  EDWIN  REED,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  May  9, 
1844,  in  Crawford  county,  Kan.  In  the 
early  seventies  he  engaged  in  the  Texas 
cattle  trade,  personally  sharing  in  and 
directing  the  gathering  of  cattle  on  the 
range  and  driving  them  to  the  Kansas 
markets.  Subsequently  he  extended  his 
cattle  operations  to  the  Pacific  coast,  in 
cluding  Washington  territory,  Oregon  and 
California.  He  lived  in  Ogden,  Utah,  from 
1889  to  1893.  He  was  nominated  by  the 
people's  and  democratic  parties  and  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

RIDGELY,  HENRY  MOORE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  in  1778,  in  Dover,  Del.  He  was  elect 
ed  and  re-elected  to  congress  as  a  fed 
eralist,  serving  from  1811  till  1815.  He 
then  returned  to  Dover  and  continued  to 
practice  his  profession  until  he  was  elect 
ed  United  States  senator  from  Delaware 
in  place  of  Nicholas  Van  Dyke,  deceased. 
He  held  the  seat  from  1827  till  1829.  He 
died  Aug.  7.  1847,  in  Dover,  Del. 

RIDGELY,  JAMES  LOT,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1807,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Baltimore  council  in  1834-35;  of  the  state 
house  of  delegates  in  1838,  and  of  the 
constitutional  conventions  of  1849  and 
1864.  He  was  for  twelve  years  register  of 
wills  for  Baltimore  county,  several  years 
president  of  the  board  of  education,  and 
aided  in  establishing  the  present  public 
school  system  in  1848.  He  is  the  princi 
pal  author  of  the  various  rituals  that  are 
now  in  use.  He  has  also  written  Odd-Fel 
lowship—What  Is  It?  The  Odd-Fellow's 
Pocket  Companion;  and  many  other 
works  of  a  similar  character.  He  was  the 
editor  of  The  Covenant,  the  official  mag 
azine  of  the  order.  He  died  Nov.  16,  1881, 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

RIDGELY,  NICHOLAS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1762, 
in  Dover,  Del.  He  was  attorney-general 
and  member  of  the  Delaware  legislature. 
In  1801  he  was  appointed  chancellor  of 
the  state  of  Delaware,  and  held  that  office 
for  twenty-nine  years  until  his  death.  He 
died  April  1,  1830,  in  Georgetown,  Del. 

RIDGELY,  RICHARD,  congressman. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1785  to  1786. 

RIDGEWAY,  ROBERT,  journalist,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Virginia  to  the  fortieth  congress.  He 
was  at  one  time  editor  of  the  Richmond 
Whig.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1869,  in  Amherst 
county,  Va. 

RIDGWAY,  JACOB  ELWOOD,  banker, 
financier,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1824,  in  Salem, 
N.  J.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 


Union  Passenger  railway,  now  known  as 
the  Philadelphia  Traction  company.  Sev 
eral  large  ships  were  also  built  by  him. 

RIDGWAY,  JOSEPH,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
May  6,  1783,  on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.  In 
1828  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
Ohio,  and  was  re-elected  in  1830;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ohio, 
from  1837  to  1843. 

RIDGWAY.  ROBERT,  ornithologist, 
author,  was  born  July  2,  1850,  in  Mount 
Carmel,  111.  He  was  an  eminent  ornithol 
ogist  of  Washington,  and  curator  of  the 
department  of  birds  in  the  National  muse 
um  from  1879.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Birds  of  Colorado:  Ornithology  of  the 
Fortieth  Parallel;  Manual  of  North  Amer 
ican  Birds;  and  History  of  North  Ameri 
can  Birds. 

RIDINGS,  ADA  NENETA,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1870,  in  Hollow- 
town,  Ohio.  Since  the  age  of  six  she  has 
resided  in  Caldwell,  Kan.  She  has  at 
tained  success  in  educational  work,  and 
is  the  author  of  numerous  poems  of  merit. 
RIDINGS,  S.  P.,  lawyer,  poet,  was  born 
in  1868  in  Highland  county,  Ohio.  He 
was  raised  on  the  frontiers  of  Kansas, 
received  a  thorough  education,  and  gradu 
ated  from  the  State  university  of  Kansas. 
He  has  attained  success  in  the  practice 
of  law  in  Oklahoma;  and  in  literature  has 
gained  the  name  of  The  Poet  of  Pond 
Creek. 

RIDLON,  G.  T.,  clergyman,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  12,  1841,  in  Hollis, 
Maine.  During  the  civil  war  he  served 
in  the  union  army  in  the  seventeenth  and 
twenty-seventh  regiments  of  Maine  volun 
teer  infantry.  He  is  the  author  of  A 
History  of  the  Ancient  Ryedales;  Bur- 
bank  Genealogy;  Hamblens  of  Beech  Hill; 
Saco  Valley  Settlements  and  Families; 
and  Rambles  in  Europe. 

RIDPATH,  JOHN  CLARK,  author,  poet, 
was  born  April  26,  1840,  in  Putnam  coun 
ty,  Ind.  In  1885  he  published  his  Cyclo 
pedia  of  Universal  History  in  four  vol 
umes.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  and  Work 
of  James  G.  Elaine;  Popular  and  Acad 
emic  Histories  of  the  United  States;  His 
tory  of  Texas;  Life  of  Garfield;  History  of 
the  World;  Christopher  Columbus;  Col 
umbia,  a  Quadricentennial  Story;  Great 
Races  of  Mankind;  and  Epic  of  Life,  a 
poem. 

RIED,  SAMUEL  CHESTER,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1783,  in  Norwich, 
Conn.  He  was  in  active  service  during 
the  war  of  1812,  and  regulated  the  pilot- 
boats  and  signals  at  the  Battery  and  the 
Narrows.  He  was  also  designer  of  the 
present  United  States  flag.  He  died  Jan. 
28,  1861,  in  New  York. 

RIEF,  CHARLES,  legislator,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  13,  1842,  in  Germany.  His  ca 
reer  has  been  an  eventful  one;  he  has 
traveled  around  the 
world  twice;  and  has 
contributed  many 
historical  papers  of 
value  on  the  coun 
tries  he  has  visited. 
He  is  prominent  in 
the  municipal  affairs 
of  Grand  Island, 
Neb.;  is  a  member  of 
the  city  council; 
president  of  the 
board  of  education: 
and  has  represented 
his  county  in  the  Nebraska  legislature. 
RIFE,  JOHN  W.,  soldier,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1846,  in 
Middletown,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  representatives  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1885  and  1886.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first  congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  republican. 


RIGBY,  ISAAC  ALBERT,  lawyer,  wri 
ter,  was  born  May  13,  1861,  in  Doniphan 
county,  Kan.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  common  schools; 
attended  the  Kansas  State  university, 
from  which  institution  he  received  the 
degree  of  LL.  B.  in  1885.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  of  Concordia,  Kan.;  has 
been  president  of  the  board  of  education; 
county  attorney;  and  a  delegate  to  re 
publican  congressional  and  state  conven 
tions.  He  has  contributed  extensively  to 
law  literature  and  the  periodical  press 
generally. 

R1GDON,  JONATHAN,  educator,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1858,  in 
Rigdon,  Ind.  He  attended  the  National 
Normal  university  of 
Lebanon,  Ohio;  and 
later  took  the  philo 
sophical  course  in 
the  Central  Normal 
college  of  Danville, 
and  subsequently 
graduated  from  the 
Boston  university. 
Since  1885  he  has 
filled  the  chair  of 
philosophy  and  lite 
rary  criticism  in  the 
Central  Normal  col 
lege  of  Danville,  Ind.  He  is  a  successful 
lecturer,  and  the  author  of  a  series  of 
grammars  that  have  become  very  popular. 
He  is  also  the  author  of  Psychology;  and 
is  at  work  on  a  brief  introduction  to 
Shakespeare,  and  a  work  on  Psychology. 
His  lecture  on  The  Tempest  has  attracted 
widespread  attention,  and  he  has  deliv 
ered  several  courses  of  lectures  in  In 
diana  designed  especially  for  teachers' 
associations  and  literary  societies. 

RIGDON,  SIDNEY,  printer,  was  born 
Feb.  19,  1793,  in  St.  Clair.  Pa.  It  is  said 
that  Rigdon  was  the  printer  who  first 
made  public,  in  connection  with  Joseph 
Smith,  The  Book  of  Mormon,  a  manu 
script  given  him  to  be  printed  by  one 
Spaulding,  its  author.  He  died  July  14, 
1876,  in  Friendship,  N.  Y. 

RIGGEN,  JOHN  A.,  soldier,  physician, 
surgeon,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1841, 
in  Stark  county,  111.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  eighteenth  regiment  Missouri  veteran 
volunteer  infantry  during  four  years'  ser 
vice,  and  was  promoted  to  corporal,  ser 
geant,  sergeant-major,  second  lieutenant, 
and  first  lieutenant.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  noted  physician  and  sur 
geon  of  Iowa  at  What  Cheer;  was 
president  of  the  Keokuk  County  Medical 
society  in  1886-87;  was  senior  vice-com 
mander  of  the  Iowa  department  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  in  1888;  since 
1882  has  been  division  surgeon  of  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  and  Northern 
railroad.  During  1894-98  he  served  with 
distinction  as  state  senator  in  the  Iowa 
state  legislature,  and  was  on  several  im 
portant  committees. 

RIGGS,  ANNA  R.,  educator,  reformer, 
was  born  Jan.  28,  1835,  in  Cynthiana,  Ky. 
For  five  years  she  was  financial  secretary 
of  the  Woman's  Educational  association, 
in  connection  with  the  Illinois  Wesleyan 
university  of  Bloomington,  111.,  during 
1876-81.  She  then  removed  with  her  hus 
band  to  Portland,  Ore.,  and  has  been 
eight  years  state  president  of  the  Wo 
man's  Christian  Temperance  union.  She 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Refuge 
for  Fallen  Girls,  since  changed  to  Flor 
ence  Crittenton  home.  For  twenty  years 
she  has  been  engaged  in  philanthropic 
work;  and  is  now  the  president  of  the 
board  of  managers  of  the  Florence  Crit 
tenton  home;  and  state  lecturer  for  res 
cue  work. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


789 


RIGGa,  ELIAS,  missionary,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  19,  1810,  in  New  Providence,  N. 
J.  He  was  a  congregational  missionary 
in  Constantinople,  famous  as  a  linguist, 
among  whose  writings  are,  Manual  of  the 
ChaUlee  Language;  Grammar  of  the  Mod 
ern  Armenian  Language;  Notes  of  Diffi 
cult  Passages  of  the  New  Testament;  and 
A  Harmony  of  the  Gospels,  in  Bulgarian. 

RIGGS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
banker,  was  born  July  4,  1813,  in  George 
town,  D.  C.  He  formed  the  banking  house 
of  Corcoran  and  Riggs,  which  acquired 
a  national  fame  during  the  Mexican  war 
by  taking  up  the  entire  loan  that  was 
called  for  by  the  government  in  1847  and 
1848.  He  died  Aug.  24,  1881,  in  Green 
Hill,  Md. 

RIGGS,  JAMES  MILTON,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
17,  1839,  in  Scott  county,  111.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Illinois 
state  legislature  in  1870,  and  in  1872  was 
elected  state's  attorney  for  Scott  county, 
and  served  four  years.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  W  the 
forty-ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

RIGGS.  JAMES  STEVENSON,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1853 
in  New  York.  He  is  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman,  professor  in  Auburn  Theological 
seminary  from  1881,  and  has  published 
The  Bible  in  Art. 

RIGGS,  JETUR  R.,  physician,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  June  20, 
1809,  in  Morris  county,  N.  J.  He  served 
two  years  in  the  New  Jersey  legislature. 
He  spent  one  or  two  years  in  charge  of 
the  hospital  at  Sutler's  Fort,  California, 
and  in  1855  was  elected,  for  three  years, 
to  the  senate  of  New  Jersey.  In  1858  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  Jersey.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1869, 
in  Drakesville. 

RIGGS,  JOHN  D.  S.,  college  president, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1851,  in  Wash 
ington,  Pa.  This  eminent  educator  has 
filled  chairs  in  the  leading  colleges,  and 
since  1896  has  been  president  of  the  Ot- 
cawa  university,  Kansas.  He  is  the  author 
of  In  Latinum,  a  work  in  Latin  prose  com 
position  in  two  volumes. 

RIGGS,  MRS.  KATE  DOUGLAS 
(SMITH)  (WIGGIN),  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  Massachusetts.  She  is  a  popular 
writer  of  New  York  cuy,  and  the  author 
of  Timothy's  Quest;  Polly  Oliver's  Prob 
lem;  The  Birds'  Christmas  Carol;  The 
Story  of  Patsy;  A  Summer  in  a  Canon; 
Children's  Rights;  A  Cathedral  Court 
ship,  and  Penelope's  English  Experiences; 
The  Village  Watch-Tower ;  Marm  Lisa; 
and  Nine  Love  Songs  and  a  Carol.  She 
has  also  written  in  collaboration  with  her 
sister,  Nora  Archibald  Smith,  The  Story 
Hour;  and  The  Republic  of  Childhood. 

RIGGS,  LEWIS,  congressman,  was  born 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1841  to  1843. 

RIGGS,  LUTHER  GRANGER,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1837,  in  Fair- 
field  county,  Tenn.  He  was  for  five  suc 
cessive  years  an  official  reporter  of  the 
Connecticut  state  senate.  In  1875  he  pub 
lished  a  collection  of  his  miscellaneous 
poems.  He  is  now  editor  of  The  Record 
er,  of  Richmond,  111. 

RIGGS,  STEPHEN  RETURN,  mission 
ary,  author,  was  born  March  23,  1812,  in 
Steubenville,  Ohio.  He  was  a  missionary 
to  the  Indians  in  Minnesota  and  Dakota, 
and  the  author  of  Forty  Years  Among  the 
Sioux;  The  Bible  in  Dakota;  and  many 
translations  and  other  writings  relating 
to  the  Dakota  Indians.  He  died  Aug.  24, 
1883,  in  Beloit,  Wis. 


RI1S,  JACOB  AUGUST,  author,  was 
born  in  1849  in  Dakota.  He  is  a  New 
York  writer  on  social  problems  and  the 
author  of  How  the  Other  Half  Lives;  The 
Children  of  the  Poor;  and  Nibsy's  Christ 
mas. 

RIKER,  JAMES,  historian,  author,  was 
born  May  11,  1822,  in  New  York  city.  In 
addition  to  addresses  and  brochures  upon 
the  history  of  the  Dutch  settlers  of  New 
York,  he  is  the  author  of  A  Brief  History 
of  the  Riker  Family;  The  Annals  of  New- 
town;  Harlem:  Its  Origin  and  Early  An 
nals;  and  The  Indian  History  of  Tioga 
County,  in  a  gazetteer  of  that  county  (Sy 
racuse,  1888).  He  died  July  15,  1889,  in 
Waverly,  N.  Y. 

RIKER,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  was  born 
Sept.  9,  1773,  in  Newtown,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 
From  1802  till  1840  he  was  district  attorney 
for  New  York,  Westchester  and  Queens 
counties,  and  he  was  recorder  of  the  city 
in  1815-19,  1821-23  and  1824-38.  Fitz- 
Greene  Halleck  made  Mr.  Riker  the  sub 
ject  of  his  poem,  The  Recorder.  He  died 
Sept.  26,  1842,  in  New  York  city. 

RIKER,  SAMUEL,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly  in  1784,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1804  to  1805,  and  again  from  1807 
to  1809. 

RILEY,  BENNETT,  soldier,  was  born 
Nov.  27,  1787,  in  Alexandria,  Va.  He  re 
ceived  the  brevet  of  brigadier-general  in 
1847  for  gallantry  at  Cerro  Gordo,  and 
that  of  major-general  in  1847  for  Contre- 
ras.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  war  he 
was  placed  in  command  of  the  Pacific 
department,  with  headquarters  at  Monte 
rey.  He  was  appointed  military  governor 
of  California,  and  served  as  the  first  chief 
magistrate  of  the  territory  and  until  the 
admission  of  the  state  into  the  union.  He 
died  June  9,  1853,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

RILEY,  CHARLES  VALENTINE,  en 
tomologist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  18, 
1843,  in  England.  He  was  a  distinguished 
entomologist  of  Washington,  at  one  peri 
od  state  entomologist  of  Missouri,  and 
from  1881  till  his  death  in  charge  of  the 
entomological  division  of  the  United 
States  department  of  agriculture.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Locust  Plague  in  the 
United  States;  Potato  Pests;  and  Noxious, 
Beneficial,  and  Other  Insects  of  Missouri. 
He  died  in  1895. 

RILEY,  ELIHU  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  2,  1845,  in  Annapolis, 
Md.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Ancient  City, 
a  History  of  Annapolis,  Md.;  and  is  the 
editor  and  compiler  of  the  City  Code  of 
Annapolis;  the  Maryland  Manual;  and  the 
Memorial  Volume  of  the  Two  Hundredth 
Anniversary  of  the  Removal  of  the  Capi 
tol  of  Maryland  from  St.  Mary's  to  An 
napolis. 

RILEY.  HENRY  HIRAM,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1813,  in  Great 
Barrington,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Constantine,  Mich.,  once  known  as  a  hu 
morous  writer:  and  the  author  of  Paddle- 
ford  and  Its  People;  and  The  Paddleford 
Papers,  or  Humors  of  the  West.  He  died 
Feb.  8,  1888,  in  Constantine,  Mich. 

RILEY,  JAMES,  mariner,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1777,  in  Middletown,  Conn. 
He  was  a  mariner  who  was  enslaved  by 
the  Arabs  of  Africa  in  1815  and  ransomed 
by  Mr.  Willshire,  the  British  consul,  at 
Mogadore.  In  1821  he  settled  in  Ohio 
and  founded  the  town  of  Wiltshire,  named 
in  honor  of  the  consul.  From  his  jour 
nals  was  prepared,  in  1816,  the  Authentic 
Narrative  of  the  Loss  of  the  American 
Brig  Commerce  on  the  West  Coast  of 
Africa,  with  a  Description  of  Timbuctoo. 
He  died  March  15,  1840,  at  sea. 


RILEY,  JAMES,  author,  poet,  was  born 
in  1848  in  Ireland.  He  is  a  poet  of  Bos 
ton  whose  unpretentious  Poems,  published 
in  1886,  reached  a  third  edition  in  1888. 

RILEY,  JAMES  WHITCOMB,  poet,  was 
born  about  1852  in  Greenfield,  Ind.  He 
is  a  very  popular  poet  of  Indianapolis 
whose  dialect  poems  of  Hoosier  life  have 
been  greatly  praised.  His  earliest  work 
appeared  over  the  signature,  Benjamin 
F.  Johnson  of  Boone.  His  dialect  and 
other  poems  display  much  real  feeling  and 
originality.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Old 
Swimmin'  Hole  and  'Leven  More  Poems; 
The  Boss  Girl,  and  Other  Sketches;  Af- 
terwhiles;  Old-Fashioned  Roses;  Pipes  o' 
Pan  at  Zekesbury;  Rhymes  of  Childhood; 
Flying  Islands  of  the  Night;  Neighborly 
Poems;  An  Old  Sweetheart  of  Mine; 
Green  Fields  and  Running  Brooks;  Poems 
Here  at  Home;  Armazindy;  and  A  Child 
World. 

RILEY,  JOHN  CAMPBELL,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1828,  in  George 
town,  D.  C.  He  was  a  Washington  physi 
cian  who  wrote  a  Compend  of  Materia 
Medica  and  Therapeutics.  He  died  Feb. 
22,  1879,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

RIMMER,  CAROLINE  HUNT,  author, 
was  born  in  1851  in  Massachusetts.  She 
is  the  author  of  Animal  Drawing. 

RIMMER,  WILLIAM,  sculptor,  artist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1816, 
in  England.  He  was  a  Boston  painter, 
sculptor  and  teacher  of  art  anatomy,  who 
also  practiced  medicine,  but  gave  up  his 
profession  to  devote  himself  to  art.  He 
was  the  author  of  Art  Anatomv;  and 
Elements  of  Design.  He  died  Aug.  20, 
1879,  in  South  Milford,  Mass. 

RINAKER,  JOHN  IRVING,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  In  1862  he  raised  and  organ 
ized  the  one  hundred 
and  twenty-second 
regiment  of  Illinois 
infantry  volunteers, 
and  was  mustered 
into  the  military  ser- 
vice  of  the  United 
States  Sept.  4,  1862, 
as  colonel  of  that 
regiment,  and  served 
•  ,  ^^^f  three  years,  till  the 
close  of  the  war.  He 
was  made  brevet 
brigadier-general  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
field.  He  served  as  presidential  elector 
on  the  republican  ticket  twice — in  1872 
as  elector  for  the  seventeenth  congression 
al  district  of  Illinois  and  in  1876  as  elector 
for  the  state  at  large;  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  republican  national  convention  in 
1876  and  again  in  1884.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  railroad  and  warehouse 
commissioners  of  Illinois  under  Governor 
Oglesby  from  1885  to  1889.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  in  1894  as 
a  republican. 

RINEHART,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1825,  near  Union 
Bridge,  Md.  He  was  commissioned  to 
finish  the  modeling  of  the  bronze  doors 
of  the  capitol  at  Washington,  which 
Crawford  had  left  unfinished  at  his  death. 
Copies  of  several  of  his  noted  pieces  are 
in  the  Corcoran  Gallery  of  Art,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

RING,  LLEWELLYN  BICKNELL,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  June  12,  1854,  in  Cooks- 
ville,  Wis.  He  is  the  editor  and  proprie 
tor  of  The  Times  of  Neillsville,  Wis.  He 
has  served  as  deputy  United  States  mar- 
shall  at  Shanghai,  China,  and  was  sub 
sequently  engaged  in  newspaper  work  at 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  at  La  Crosse, 
Wis. 


790 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


RINGGOLD,  CADWALADER,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1802,  in  Washing 
ton  county,  Md.  He  was  commissioned 
commodore  in  1862,  and  placed  on  the  re 
tired  list  in  1864.  He  was  promoted  to 
rear-admiral  in  1866.  He  died  April  29, 
1867,  in  New  York  city. 

RINGGOLD,  GEORGE  HAY,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  in  1814  in  Hagerstown, 
Md.  He  served  in  the  pay  department 
during  the  Mexican  war,  became  lieuten 
ant-colonel  and  deputy  paymaster-gen 
eral  in  May,  1862,  and  was  in  charge  of 
the  paymasters  of  the  department  of  the 
Pacific  from  1861  till  his  death.  He  was 
an  accomplished  scholar,  draughtsman, 
and  painter,  and  published  Fountain 
Rock,  Amy  Weir,  and  Other  Metrical  Pas 
times.  He  died  April  4,  1864,  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

RINGGOLD,  SAMUEL,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  13,  1770,  in  Chestertown, 
Md.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Maryland  from  1810  to  1815,  and 
again  from  1817  to  1821.  He  died  Oct. 
18,  1829,  in  Frederick  county,  Md. 

RINGGOLD,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  invent 
or,  was  born  in  1800  in  Washington  coun 
ty,  Md.  He  became  captain  in  1836,  par 
ticipated  in  the  Florida  war,  and  was  bre- 
vetted  major  for  active  and  efficient  con 
duct  during  hostilities.  He  introduced  fly 
ing  artillery  into  this  country,  and  in 
vented  a  saddle-tree,  which  was  subse 
quently  known  as  the  McClelland  saddle, 
and  a  rebounding  hammer  made  of  brass 
for  exploding  the  fulminating  primers  for 
field-guns,  that  prevented  the  blowing 
away  of  the  hammer.  He  died  May  11, 
1846,  in  Point  Isabel,  Tex. 

RINGOLD,  THOMAS,  congressman, 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the 
colonial  congress,  which  met  in  New  York 
in  1765. 

RINGOLSKY,  ISSIE  JOSEPH,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  24.  1864,  in  Leavenworth, 
Kan.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  high  school  of  his  'na 
tive  city;  and  from  the  law  and  literary 
departments  of  the  university  of  Michi 
gan.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  and  has  the  largest 
practice  of  any  individual  lawyer  in  that 
city. 

RINGS,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  the  territory  of 
Arkansas,  and  was  the  first  chief  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state.  He 
died  Sept.  3,  1873,  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

RIORDAN,  PATRICK  WILLIAM,  edu 
cator,  Roman  catholic  archbishop,  was  born 
Aug.  27,  1841,  in  Ireland.  From  1868  till 
1871  he  was  engaged  in  missionary  work 
at  Joliet,  111.,  after  which  he  became  rec 
tor  of  St.  James's  church,  Chicago.  While 
he  was  thus  engaged  he  received  notice 
of  his  appointment  as  titular  bishop  of 
Cabasa,  and  coadjutor,  with  the  right  of 
succession,  to  Archbishop  Joseph  S.  Ale- 
many,  of  San  Francisco. 

RIORDAN,  ROGER,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1848  in  Ireland.  He  is  a  New 
York  city  journalist,  and  the  author  of 
A  Score  of  Etchings;  and  Sunrise  Stories, 
a  Glance  at  the  Literature  of  Japan. 

RIPLEY,  EDWARD  PAYSON,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Oct.  80,  1845,  in  Dor 
chester,  Mass.  Since  1896  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and 
Santa  Fe  railway  at  Chicago,  111. 

RIPLEY,  ELEAZAR  WHEELOCK, 
soldier,  congressman,  was  born  April  15, 
1782,  in  Hanover,  N.  H.  He  was  speaker 
of  the  Massachusetts  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1811.  He  moved  to  Louisiana, 
whence  he  was  elected  to  congress,  serv 
ing  from  1835  to  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  died  March  2,  1839,  in  West  Feliciana, 
La. 


RIPLEY,  EZRA,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  1,  1751,  in  Woodstock,  Conn. 
He  was  a  chaplain  in  the  army,  and  a 
popular  clergyman  of  Concord,  Mass.  He 
was  the  author  of  A  History  of  the  Fight 
at  Concord.  He  died  Sept.  21,  1841,  in 
Concord,  Mass. 

RIPLEY,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1802,  in 
Greenfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  who  was  pastor  in  Boston  in 
1826-41,  and  then  for  several  years  the 
chief  promoter  of  the  famous  Brook  Farm 
experiment.  In  1849  he  became  literary 
editor  of  The  New  York  Tribune,  and 
continued  in  that  position  until  his  death. 
With  C.  A.  Dana  he  edited  the  American 
Cyclopedia,  1857-63,  and  also  the  revised 
edition  of  the  same,  1873-76.  His  liter 
ary  criticisms  exerted  a  wide  and  bene 
ficial  influence.  He  was  the  author  of 
Discourses  on  the  Philosophy  of  Relig 
ion;  and  Letters  to  Andrews  Norton  on 
the  Latest  Form  of  Infidelity.  He  died 
July  4,  1880,  in  New  York  city. 

RIPLEY,  HENRY  JONES,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1798, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  baptist  cler 
gyman  who  held  a  pastorate  in  Georgia 
in  1819-26,  and  from  1826  to  1860  was  a 
professor  in  the  Theological  seminary  at 
Newton,  Mass.  He  was  the  author  of 
Notes  on  the  Gospels,  Acts,  Hebrews; 
Christian  Baptism;  Church  Polity;  and 
The  Exclusiveness  of  the  Baptists.  He 
died  May  21,  1875,  in  Newton  Center, 
Mass. 

RIPLEY,  HENRY  WHEELOCK,  mer 
chant,  author,  was  born  June  30,  1828,  in 
Fryeburg,  Maine.  He  is  a  great  grandson 
of  Eleazer  E.  Whee- 
lock,  the  founder  and 
first  president  of 
Dartmouth  college. 
He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  Frye 
burg  academy,  and 
for  many  years  was 
engaged  in  mercan 
tile  business.  He 
was  inspector  of  cus 
toms  in  Portland, 
Maine,  in  1860,  and 
is  the  author  of  The 
History  of  the  White  Mountains. 

RIPLEY,  JAMES  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman.  He  served 
four  years  in  the  legislature  of  Maine; 
was  an  officer  in  the  last  war  with  Eng 
land,  and  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
Maine  from  1826  to  1830,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  customs  for  the  Passa- 
maquoddy  district  of  Maine.  He  died  in 
June,  1835. 

RIPLEY,  JAMES  WOLFE,  soldier,  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1794,  in  Windham,  Conn. 
He  served  in  the  second  war  with  Great 
Britain.  He  received  the  brevet  of  brig 
adier-general  United  States  army  in 
July,  1861,  and  in  August  was  promoted  to 
the  full  rank.  From  his  retirement  until 
his  death  he  was  inspector  of  the  arma 
ment  of  fortifications  on  the  New 
England  coast.  In  1865  he  received  the 
brevet  of  major-general  United  States 
army  for  long  and  faithful  service.  He 
died  March  16,  1870,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

RIPLEY,  ROSWELL  SABINE,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  March  14,  1823,  in 
Worthington,  Ohio.  He  was  a  confederate 
army  officer  of  prominence  who  wrote  a 
History  of  the  Mexican  War.  He  died 
March  26,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

RIPLEY,  THOMAS  C.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1807,  in  Easton, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  twenty-ninth  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  In  1854  he  move'd 
to  Sasinaw,  Mich. 


RISING,  WILLARD  BRADLEY,  chem 
ist,  educator,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1839,  in 
Mecklenburg,  N.  Y.  For  several  years  he 
was  consulting  analyst  to  the  state  viti- 
cultural  commission,  and  was  entrusted 
with  important  studies  connected  with 
the  chemistry  of  wine.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  state  analyst  of  California,  with 
charge  of  the  examination  of  various  food- 
Iiroducts. 

RISLEY,  ELIJAH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1780  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1849  to  1851.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1870, 
in  Fredonia,  Conn. 

RISLEY,  SAMUEL  DOTY,  soldier,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1845,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  has  invented  an  op- 
tometer  with  perimeter  attachment  for 
measuring  errors  of  refraction  in  the  hu 
man  eye  and  mapping  the  field  of  vision, 
and  an  ophthalmoscope  with  cylindrical 
lenses,  securing  a  wide  range  of  spherico- 
cylindrical  lenses.  He  has  published  nu 
merous  papers  on  his  specialty,  which  in 
clude  The  More  Frequently  Occurring 
Forms  of  Conjunctival  Disease;  and  the 
Mydriatics  Compared. 

RISTY,  AUSTIN  G.,  educator,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  April  8,  1855,  in  Norway. 
In  1867  he  emigrated  to  the  United  States, 
and  for  seventeen  years  taught  school. 
He  is  an  ardent  advocate  of  temperance; 
has  filled  numerous  municipal  offices,  and 
served  as  a  member  of  the  South  Dakota 
state  legislature. 

RISUM,  OTTO  A.,  soldier,  merchant, 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1835,  in  Nor 
way.  He  is  a  successful  merchant  of  Pul- 
cifer,  Wis.,  and  for  sixteen  years  its  post 
master.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Wisconsin  state  assembly,  and  has 
always  taken  a  prominent  part  in  politics. 
RITAN,  OLE  A.,  lumberman,  merchant, 
was  born  Feb.  16,  1849,  in  Norway.  In 
1867  he  emigrated  to  the  United  States, 
and  in  1874  located 
in  Wisconsin.  Four 
years  later  he  estab 
lished  a  general 
store  in  Cumberland, 
Wis.,  the  first  one 
built  on  the  island. 
He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  business,  and 
has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city  and 
county.  He  was  one 
of  the  first  board  of 
aldermen  when  the  city  was  organized, 
and  was  previously  president  of  the  vil 
lage  council. 

R1TCH,  JOHN  WARREN,  architect, 
was  born  June  22,  1822,  in  Putnam,  N.  Y. 
Among  his  important  works  in  New  \ork 
city  are  the  Bank  of  Commerce,  the  Union 
Dime  Savings  bank,  the  buildings  of  the 
American  Express  company  and  the  Me"r- 
chants'  Despatch  company,  St.  Luke's 
hospital,  the  State  Emigrant  hospital,  the 
Nursery  and  Child's  hospital,  and  the 
artificial  islands  and  Quarantine  hospital 
in  the  lower  bay.  During  1847-48  he  edit 
ed  the  American  Architect. 

RITCH,  WILLIAM  GILLET,  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  May  4,  1830,  in  Wa- 
warsing,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  of  the. Wisconsin  legislature, 
and  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  electoral 
college.  In  1869  he  established  the  Winne- 
bago  County  Press  at  Neenah.  In  1873 
President  Grant  appointed  him  secretary 
of  the  territory  of  New  Mexico,  which  he 
filled  for  twelve  years,  three  years  of 
which  he  served  as  governor.  He  is  the 
author  of  two  volumes  of  Spanish-Ameri 
can  history,  entitled  The  Blue  Book  of 
New  Mexico  Aztlan. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


791 


RITCHEY,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  settled  in  Ohio, 
and  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1847  to  1849, 
and  again  from  1853  to  1855. 

RITCHIE,  MRS.  ANNA  CORA  (OG- 
DEN)  (MOW ATT),  actress,  author,  was 
born  in  1822  in  France.  She  was  a  once 
popular  actress  who 
retired  from  the 
stage  in  1854,  and 
for  the  last  ten  years 
of  her  life  lived  in 
Florence  and  Lon 
don.  Her  writings 
include  several  no 
vels:  The  Fortune 
Hunter;  The  Mute 
Singer;  Fairy  Fin 
gers;  Evelyn;  The 
Twin  Roses;  The 
Clergyman's  Wife; 
two  successful  plays,  Fashion  and  Ar- 
mand;  Mimic  Life,  or  Before  and  Behind 
the  Curtain;  and  Autobiography  of  an 
Actress,  the  last  named  an  exceedingly 
popular  book.  She  died  in  1870. 

RITCHIE,  BYRON  F.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan,  29,  1853,  in  Grafton, 
Ohio.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1874;  and  has  since  practiced  his  chosen 
profession  in  Toledo,  Ohio.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

RITCHIE,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1812,  in 
Canansburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-third, 
thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 
After  leaving  congress  he  held  the  office 
of  judge  for  about  one  year.  He  died  Jan. 
24,  1867,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  . 

RITCHIE,  HENRY  J.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1865,  in  Canada. 
Since  1895  he  has  been  president  of  the 
St.  Augustine  and  South  Beach  railway. 

RITCHIE,  JAMES  MONROE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  28,  1829,  in 
Scotland.  He  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  repub 
lican  national  convention  'of  1880  from 
Ohio,  and  elected  to  the  forty-seventh 
congress. 

RITCHIE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  12,  1831,  in  Frederick  City, 
Md.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a  presidential 
elector;  in  1867  was  elected  attorney  for 
Frederick  county  to  serve  for  four  years; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Maryland  to  the  forty-second  congress. 

RITCHIE,  THOMAS,  journalist,  was 
born  Nov.  5,  1778,  in  Essex  county,  Va. 
He  became  editor  of  the  Richmond  Ex 
aminer  in  1804,  whose  name  he  changed 
to  the  Enquirer,  and  he  continued  to  edit 
and  publish  it  for  forty  years.  At  the  re 
quest  of  President  Polk  he  resigned  the 
Enquirer  to  his  two  sons  in  1845,  and,  re 
moving  to  Washington,  assumed  the  edi 
torial  control  of  the  Union,  the  organ  of 
the  administration,  but  retired  in  1849. 
He  died  Jan.  12,  1854,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

RITESMAN,  JOHN  SMART,  farmer, 
public  official,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1830,  in 
Morgan  county,  Ind.  In  1876  he  moved 
to  Kansas,  and  has  been  successful  in 
farming,  and  has  a  fine  farm  at  Benning- 
ton.  He  has  been  justice  of  the  peace 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  held  various 
other  public  offices  of  trust  in  his  county. 
RITNER,  JOSEPH,  state  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  March  25,  1780,  in 
Berks  county,  Pa.  He  was  frequently  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania 
from  1820  to  1827;  and  was  the  candidate 
of  the  anti-Masons  for  governor  in  1829, 
but  was  defeated.  He  was  afterwards 
governor  from  1835  to  1839.  He  died  Oct. 
16,  1869,  in  Carlisle,  Pa. 


RITTENHOUSE,  DAVID,  scientist,  was 
born  April  8,  1732,  in  Roxborough,  Pa. 
In  1763  he  was  employed  to  determine 
Mason  and  Dixon's  Line,  which  he  did 
with  instruments  of  his  own  construc 
tion,  and  afterwards  fixed  the  boundaries 
of  several  other  states.  He  was  appointed 
by  the  American  Philosophical  society  to 
observe  the  transit  of  Venus  in  1769. 
From  1777  to  1789  he  was  treasurer  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
United  States  mint  from  1792  to  1795.  He 
died  June  26,  1796,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RITTENHOUSE,  LAURA  J.,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1841  in  Grand  Chain, 
111.  She  is  the  author  of  two  books:  Out 
of  the  Depths,  a  poem;  and  a  book  of  tem 
perance  stories  for  young  children. 

RITTER,  ABRAHAM,  merchant,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  September,  1792,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  merchant  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  History 
of  the  Moravian  Church  in  Philadelphia; 
and  Philadelphia  and  Her  Merchants.  He 
died  Oct.  8,  1860,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RITTER,  BURWELL  C.,  agriculturist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  6,  1810,  in  Barren  county,  Ky.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature  of  Ken 
tucky  in  1843  and  1850,  and  in  1864  was 
a  presidential  elector.  In  1865  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

RITTER,  CARLTON  M.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1850,  in 
East  Varick,  N.  Y.  After  receiving  the 
rudiments  of  his  education,  he  attended 
the  State  Normal  college  of  Albany,  N. 
Y. ;  and  has  since  attained  prominence  as 
one  of  the  foremost  educators  of  Califor 
nia.  He  has  been  principal  of  the  Gram 
mar  school,  and  vice-principal  of  the  High 
school  of  Stockton,  and  professor  of  math 
ematics  in  the  State  Normal  school  of 
Chico,  of  which  institution  he  is  now  pres 
ident. 

RITTER,  MRS.  FANNY  RAYMOND, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  18 — .  She  is  the 
author  of  Woman  as  a  Musician;  Some 
Famous  Songs,  an  Art  Historical  Sketch; 
and  Songs  and  Ballads. 

RITTER,  FREDERICK  LOUIS,  musi 
cian,  composer,  author,  was  born  in  1834 
in  France.  He  was  a  musician  of  Alsace 
who  came  to  the  United  States  in  1856,  and 
becoming  professor  of  music  at  Vassar 
college  in  1867,  retained  that  position  un 
til  his  death.  He  was  the  author  of 
Music  in  England;  Music  in  America; 
History  of  Music  in  the  Form  of  Lectures; 
and  Manual  of  Musical  History.  He  died 
in  1891. 

RITTER,  GEORGE  ALEXANDER, 
lawyer,  writer,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1854,  in 
Edwardsville,  111.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public 
schools  of  Nauvoo, 
111.;  attended  Bay- 
lee's  Commercial  col 
lege  of  Keokuk, 
Iowa;  the  Christian 
Brothers  academy; 
and  the  Washington 
university  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1870  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  and  for  many 

years  practiced  law  with  success  in  Nau 
voo,  111.  He  was  offered  many  public  po 
sitions  of  trust,  but  always  declined;  and 
his  name  was  several  times  mentioned  in 
connection  with  the  governorship  of  Illi 
nois  by  the  public  press  and  the  young 
democracy.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  The  Lawyer  and  the  Law  as  a 
Profession;  has  made  numerous  contrib 


utions  to  legal  science,  and  his  essay  en 
titled  Legal  Reform  was  brought  to  the 
attention  of  the  Illinois  State  Bar  asso 
ciation.  He  has  always  written  on  and 
espoused  the  cause  of  a  uniform  system 
or  code  of  pleading,  as  against  the  old 
common  law  form  of  pleading.  He  has 
advocated  numerous  reforms  through  the 
press,  and  has  made  some  valuable  con 
tributions  to  mental  science.  He  is  an 
honorary  member  of  various  societies;  ad 
vocated  the  building  of  the  Nauvoo  High 
school;  and  was  instrumental  in  other  im 
provements  in  his  city,  county  and  state. 
On  account  of  his  wife's  health  he  moved 
to  Denver,  Col.,  in  1897,  where  he  is  now 
engaged  in  the  law  and  collections. 

RITTER,  JOHN,  journalist,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1779,  in  Exeter 
Township,  Pa.  The  election  to  the  con 
vention  to  revise  the  constitution  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1836,  and  elections  to  seats  in 
the  twenty-eighth  and  twenty-ninth  con 
gresses,  from  Pennsylvania,  came  to  him 
as  spontaneous  declarations  of  popular 
confidence, and  respect.  He  died  Nov.  24, 
1851,  in  Reading,  Pa. 

RITZEMA,  JOHANNES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1710  in  Holland.  He 
was  senior  minister  of  the  reformed 
Dutch  church  of  New  York  city,  held  pas 
toral  relations  there  from  1744  till  1784, 
and  frequently  preached  at  Harlem,  Phil- 
ipsburg,  Fordham,  and  Cortlandt.  He  was 
one  of  the  original  trustees  of  Columbia 
college.  He  died  in  1795  in  Kinderhook, 
N.  Y. 

RIVERS,  RICHARD  HENDERSON, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  11,  1814,  in  Montgomery  county, 
Tenn.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman  and 
educator  of  Alabama,  and  for  many  years 
pastor  in  Louisville  in  1883-87.  He  was 
the  author  of  Mental  Philosophy;  Moral 
Philosophy;  Our  Young  People;  Life  of 
Robert  Paine;  and  Arrows  from  Two 
Quivers.  He  died  in  1894. 

RIVERS,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1855  to  1857. 

RIVERS,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born 
July  18,  1822,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  graduated  from  the  South  Carolina 
college  of  Columbia  in  1841.  For  seven 
teen  years  he  was  professor  of  Greek  lit 
erature  in  the  State  college  of  South  Car 
olina;  and  for  fourteen  years  was  presi 
dent  of  a  college  in  Maryland.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Early  History  of  South 
Carolina;  Topics  in  the  History  of  South 
Carolina;  a  volume  of  College  Addresses 
and  Other  Occasional  Pieces;  The  Poems 
Kldred;  and  numerous  poems. 

RIVES,  ALFRED  LANDON,  civil  engin 
eer,  was  born  March  25,  1830,  in  France. 
He  was  an  assistant  engineer  in  com 
pleting  the  United  States  capitol  build 
ing,  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  in  building 
the  aqueduct  there,  in  charge  of  the  Unit 
ed  States  survey  in  improving  the  Poto 
mac  river;  and  designed  and  constructed 
the  Cabin  John  bridge,  near  Washington, 
which  at  the  time  of  its  completion  was 
the  largest  single-arch  stone  bridge  in  the 
world. 

RIVES,  AMELIE,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
23,  1863,  in  Richmond,  Va.  Her  first  work 
was  a  story  in  the  Atlantic  Monthly, 
which  has  since  appeared  with  others  in 
book-form  under  the  title  of  A  Brother  to 
Dragons,  and  Other  Old-Time  Tales.  Her 
subsequent  work  includes  stories  and 
poems,  and  a  novel  entitled  The  Quick  or 
the  Dead? 

RIVES,  FRANCIS  E.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1837 
to  1841.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1861. 


792 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


RIVES,  MRS.  JUDITH  PAGE  (WALK 
ER),  author,  was  born  March  24,  1802,  in 
Castle  Hill,  Va.  She  was  the  author  of 
Souvenirs  of  a  Residence  in  Europe; 
Home  and  ihe  World;  The  Canary  Bird; 
and  Epitome  of  the  Bible.  She  died  Jan. 
23,  1882,  in  Castle  Hill,  Va. 

RIVES,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  was  born  June  17,  1806,  in  Nelson 
county,  Va.  He  settled  in  Albemarle 
county,  Va.,  from  which  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  at  intervals  from 
1835  to  1861,  the  latest  years  in  the  sen 
ate.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  to  the 
supreme  court  of  appeals  of  Virginia,  and 
his  opinions  were  published  in  several 
volumes.  He  gave  up  his  seat  on  the 
bench  in  1869;  and  in  1871  was  appointed 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  Virginia. 

RIVES,  WILLIAM  CABELL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  Uni 
ted  States  senator,  author,  was  born  May 
4,  1793,  in  Nelson  county,  Va.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  Virginia  in 
1817-19,  from  Nelson  county,  and  in  1822 
was  elected  to  the  same  position  from 
Albemarle  county.  In  1823  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress,  and  served 
for  three  successive  terms.  In  1829  he  was 
appointed  minister  to  France.  In  1832 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  in  1835,  and  served  until 
1839.  In  1840  he  was  elected  to  the  sen 
ate,  for  a  third  term,  where  he  remained 
until  1845.  In  1849  he  was  a  second  time 
appointed  minister  to  France;  and  re 
turned  to  the  United  States  in  1853.  He 
published  a  history  of  the  Life  and  Times 
of  James  Madison.  He  took  part  in  the 
rebellion  of  1861  as  a  member  of  the  so- 
called  confederate  congress.  He  died 
April  25,  1868,  in  Castle  Hill,  Va. 

RIXEY,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  agricultur 
ist,  lawyer,  congressman.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  common  schools,  at  Bethel 
academy,  and  at  the 
university  of  Vir 
ginia.  He  attained 
success  as  a  farmer; 
and  is  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of 
Virginia.  For  twehe 
years  he  was  com 
monwealth  attorney 
for  Culpeper  county; 
and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty  -  fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 
He  has  served  on 

Several  important  committees,  and  always 
takes  an  active  part  in  debates. 

ROACH,  JOHN,   shipbuilder,  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1813,  in  Ireland.     In  1840  he  went 
to  Illinois  to  buy  land,   but  he  returned 
^^^^^  to    New     York,    and 

worked  as  a  machin 
ist  for  several  years, 
and  then  established 
a  foundry  with  three 
fellow-workmen.  The 
explosion  of  a  boiler 
nearly  ruined  him 
financially,  but  he 
rebuilt  his  works, 
which  were  known 
as  the  ./Etna  Iron 
works.  Here  he  con 
structed  the  largest 
tliut  had  been  built  in  the  United 
States  at  that  time,  and  also  the  first  com 
pound  engines.  In  1868  he  bought  the 
Morgan  Iron  works  In  New  York  city,  and 
also  the  Neptune.  Franklin  Forge,  and 
Allaire  works,  and  in  1871  the  ship  yards 
in  Chester,  Pa.,  that  were  owned  by  Raln- 
er  and  Sons.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1887,  In 
New  York  city. 


ROACH,  JOHN  DANIEL,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  May  1,  1842,  in  Monroe 
county,  Ala.  He  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia, 
a  t  Charlottesville. 
During  the  war  he 
served  under  Gen.  R. 
E.  Lee  from  April, 
1861,  to  February, 
1865;  and  subse 
quently  taught 
school  in  Alabama. 
He  takes  an  active 
interest  in  the  politi 
cal  affairs  of  Louisi 
ana  at  Mansfield, 
where  he  has  a  lu 
crative  practice,  and  has  been  successfully 
engaged  in  law  for  over  a  quarter  of  a 
century. 

ROACH,  WILLIAM  NATHANIEL,  ag 
riculturist,  state  legislator,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1840,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  He  was  mayor  of  Larimore. 
S.  D.,  Irom  1883  to  1887;  was  a  member  of 
the  territorial  legislature  of  the  session  of 
1885,  and  was  twice  democratic  candidate 
for  governor  of  his  state.  He  was  elected 
United  States'  senator  in  1893. 

ROANE,  ARCHIBALD,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Tennessee  from  1801  to 
1803. 

ROANE,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Virginia.  He  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1809;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1815  to 
1817;  from  1827  to  1831,  and  for  a  third 
term  from  1835  to  1837.  He  died  Dec.  18, 
1869,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

ROANE,  JOHN  J..  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia,  his  native  state,  from  1831  to 
1833. 

ROANE.  JOHN  SELDEN,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1817,  in  Wilson 
county,  Tenn.  He  was  governor  of  Ar 
kansas  from  1848  to  1852;  and  was  a  brig 
adier-general  in  the  confederate  army. 
He  died  April  7,  1867,  in  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 
ROANE,  JOHN  T.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1809  to  1815. 

ROANE,  SPENCER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  author,  was  born  April  4, 
1762,  in  Essex,  Va.  He  was  successively  a 
member  of  the  assembly,  council  and  sen 
ate.  In  1789  he  was  appointed  a  judge  of 
the  general  court;  and  in  1794  a  judge  of 
the  court  of  errors. 

ROANE.  WILLIAM  HARRISON,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  1788  in  Virginia.  He  was  twice  elected 
a  member  of  the  executive  council  of  Vir 
ginia;  and  was  once  a  delegate  to  the  gen 
eral  assembly.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1815  to  1817;  and  was  a 
senator  of  the  United  States  from  1837  to 
1841.  He  died  May  11,  1845,  in  Tree  Hill, 
Va. 

ROBB,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  March  19,  1857, 
in  Brazeau,  Mo.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools, 
Hrazeau  academy, 
Fruitland  Normal  in 
stitute,  and  the  Mis 
souri  state  univer 
sity;  graduated  from 
the  law  department 
of  the  Missouri  State 
university  in  March. 
1879,  ami  the  May 
following  located  in 
Perryville,  where  he 
has  since  been  en 
gaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  He  was  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Perry  county  in  1880; 


and  re-elected  in  1882.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  legislature  in  1884,  and 
re-elected  in  1886.  He  was  appointed  as 
sistant  attorney-general  of  the  state  in 
1889,  whioh  position  he  held  for  the  term 
of  four  years.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

ROBB,  JAMES  BURCH,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  April  14,  1817,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  prepared  and  publisher!  a  valu 
able  compilation  of  Patent  Cases  in  Su 
preme  and  County  Courts  of  the  United 
States  to  1850,  in  two  volumes.  He  died 
Nov.  3,  1876,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ROBB,  JAMES  HAMPDEN,  banker, 
state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1846,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  New  York  in  1882;  and 
state  senator  in  1884-85. 

ROBB,  W.  H.,  journalist,  state  legisla 
tor,  was  born  in  1856,  in  Williamsport, 
Pa.  For  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  he 
has  been  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  In 
dependent  American  of  Creston,  Iowa,  a 
daily  and  weekly  newspaper,  and  one  of 
the  ablest  reform  journals  in  the  United 
States.  He  has  served  two  terms  as  a 
member  of  the  Iowa  state  legislature. 

ROBBIE,  REUBEN,  congressman,  was 
torn  in  Vermont.  He  settled  in  New 
York,  and  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1851  to 
1853. 

ROBBIN,  STEPHEN  HERBERT, 
clergyman,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1858,  in  Can 
ada.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  Ontario  public  schools, 
and  graduated  from  the  St.  Lawrence  uni 
versity  of  Canton,  N.  Y.  He  is  now  one 
of  the  foremost  clergymen  of  New  Eng 
land;  has  filled  pastorates  in  Genoa  and 
Victor,  N.  Y.;  Bay  City,  Mich.;  and  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Social  union;  is  a  member  of  the  Boston 
Art  club;  chairman  of  the  creed  revision 
committee  in  Chicago  in  1897;  and  a  prom 
inent  Mason  and  a  member  of  various 
societies. 

ROBBINS,  ASHER,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1757,  in  Wethers- 
field,  Conn.  He  was  United  States  district 
attorney  in  1812.  He  was  a  leading  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  Rhode  Island  from 
1S25  to  1839;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Rhode  Island  legislature  for  many  years. 
He  died  Feb.  25,  1845,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

ROBBINS,  CHANDLER,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1738,  in  Branford, 
Conn.  He  published  A  Reply  to  John  Cot 
ton's  Essays  on  Baptism;  An  Address  at 
Plymouth  to  the  Inhabitants  assembled  to 
celebrate  the  victories  of  the  French  Re 
public  o\er  their  Invaders;  An  Anniver 
sary  Sermon  on  the  Landing  at  Plymouth; 
and  other  discourses.  He  died  June  30, 
1799,  in  Plymouth,  Mass. 

ROBBINS.  CHANDLER,  was  born  Feb. 
14,  1810,  in  Lynn,  Mass.  He  was  a  uni- 
tarian  clergyman  of  Boston,  pastor  of  the 
Second  church  in  1833-74;  and  the  author 
of  Liturgy  for  the  Use  of  a  Christian 
Church;  History  of  the  Second  or  Old 
North  Church;  Memoir  of  Benjamin  Cur 
tis;  and  Portrait  of  a  Christian  Drawn 
from  Life.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1882.  in 
Weston.  Mass. 

ROBBINS,  EDWARD  EVERETT,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  burn 
Sept.  27.  1860,  in  Westmoreland  county. 
Pa.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Westmore 
land,  Pa.,  bar  In  1884,  and  at  once  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  and  was 
nominated  for  district  attorney  in  1886. 
He  was  elected  in  1888  to  the  state  senate, 
and  served  in  that  body  till  1892.  He 
is  major  and  quartermaster  of  the  second 
brigade,  state  militia;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


793 


i 


ROBBINS,  ELIZA,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1786  in  Massachusetts.  She 
was  an  educator  in  Boston  for  many  years; 
and  the  author  of  Elements  of  Mythology; 
Grecian  History;  and  Tales  from  Ameri 
can  History.  She  died  in  1853. 

ROBBINS,  FRANCIS  LE  BARON,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  May  2,  1830,  in  Camillus, 
N.  Y.  He  took  up  the  work  of  founding  a 
church  in  Kensington,  the  center  of  the 
manufacturing  district  of  Philadelphia.  In 
this  he  succeeded,  and  in  1886  the  Beacon 
Presbyterian  church  was  dedicated. 

ROBBINS,  GASTON  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1859,  in 
Alabama.  He  entered  the  university  of 
North  Carolina  in 
1877,  and  graduated 
in  1879,  studied  law 
with  Dick  and  Dil- 
lard,  at  Greensboro, 
N.  C.  He  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  law  in 
the  supreme  court  of 
North  Carolina  in 
1880.  Returning  then 
to  Selma,  Ala.,  he 
employed  himself  in 
the  practice  of  the 
law;  and  was  presi 
dential  elector  on  the  Cleveland  and  Hen- 
dricks  ticket  in  1884.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-third  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  democrat.  His  father, 
a  noted  lawyer,  was  killed  in  the  confed 
erate  service  in  1864. 

ROBBINS.  GEORGE  R.,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1812,  in  Al- 
lentown,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  house  of  representatives  of 
the  thirty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

ROBBINS,  HENRY  ALFRED,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1839,  in  St. 
Louis.  Mo.  He  is  a  prominent  physician 
of  Washington  City;  and  is  the  author  of 
Non-Venereal  Syphilis;  Organic  Syphilis; 
and  Under  the  Red  Flag  of  the  Com 
mune. 

ROBBINS,  HORACE  WOLCOTT,  artist, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1842,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 
Many  of  his  works  are  pictures  of  moun 
tain  and  lake  scenery,  in  the  delineation 
of  which  he  has,  perhaps,  been  most  suc 
cessful.  His  oil-paintings  include  Blue 
Hills  of  Jamaica;  Passing  Shower,  Ja 
maica;  Roadside  Elms;  Harbor  Islands, 
Lake  George;  Lake  Katahdin,  Maine; 
Early  Autumn,  Adirondacks;  Sunset  on 
the  Tunxis;  Darkening  in  the  Evening 
Glory;  and  The  Lane. 

ROBBINS,  JANE  BODWELL  BAR- 
NETT,  educator,  pioneer,  was  born  Feb. 
24,  1815,  in  Methuen,  Mass.  She  was  a 
pioneer  in  Wisconsin  in  1855,  in  Minne 
sota  in  1856,  and  in  Washington  terri 
tory  in  18V8.  She  was  an  active  teacher, 
pioneer,  Sunday-school  and  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  union  worker,  and 
a  missionary  and  suffrage  patron.  She 
voted  in  the  years  1881-87  in  Washington 
territory;  and  there  died  on  Nov.  19,  1894, 
at  Cheney. 

ROBBINS.  JOHN,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  for  several  years  engaged  in  the 
iron  and  steel  business.  He  was  elected 
to  congress  in  1848,  1850  and  1852;  subse 
quently  held  a  number  of  local  positions; 
and  in  1874  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

ROBBINS,  JOSEPH,  patriot,  revolution 
ary  soldier,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1729,  in  Ac 
ton,  Mass.  He  commanded  a  company  of 
yeomanry  in  the  first  fight  with  the  Brit- 
ish  at  the  old  North  Bridge  at  Concord, 
April  19,  1775,  in  response  to  the  call  of 
Paul  Revere.  On  patriot's  day,  1895,  the 


citizens  of  Acton,  Concord  and  Lexing 
ton  set  up  a  large  memorial  stone  on  the 
place  where  once  stood  the  home  of  Capt. 
Joseph  Robbins.  He  died  March  31.  1800. 

ROBBINS,  MRS.  MARY  CAROLINE 
fPIKE],  author,  was  born  in  1842,  in 
Maine.  She  is  a  writer  for  the  magazines 
on  art,  landscape  gardening,  and  kindred 
topics;  and  is  the  author  of  The  Rescue 
of  An  Old  Place. 

ROBBINS,  RENSSELAER  DAVID 
CHANCEFORD,  linguist,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1811,  in  Wards- 
borough,  Vt.  He  contributed  to  the  Bib- 
liotheca  Sacra,  translated  Egypt  and  the 
Books  of  Moses  from  the  German  of  E.  W. 
Hengstenberg;  and  Xenophon's  Memora 
bilia  of  Socrates,  with  notes,  and  edited 
the  third  and  fourth  editions  of  Prof. 
Moses  Stuart's  Commentaries  on  the  Epis 
tles  to  the  Romans,  Hebrews  and  Eccle- 
siastes.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1882,  in  Newton 
Highlands,  Mass. 

ROBBINS,  ROYAL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1788,  in  Wethersfield, 
Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man,  pastor  at  Kensington,  Conn.,  in  1816- 
61;  and  the  autfior  of  Outlines  of  Ancient 
History;  and  The  World  Displayed.  He 
died  March  26,  1861,  in  Berlin,  Conn. 

ROBBINS,  WILLIAM  M.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1829  in  Randolph  county,  N.  C.  He 
was  elected  to  the  senate  of  North  Caro 
lina  in  1868,  and  re-elected  in  1870.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and  forty- 
fourth  congresses;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

ROBERDEAU.  DANIEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1727  in  the  West  Indies.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1777  to  1779; 
and  was  a  signer  of  the  articles  of  con 
federation.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1795,  in  Win 
chester,  Va. 

ROBERTS,  ADA  PALMER,  author,  po 
et,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1852,  in  North  East, 
N.  Y.  Prior  to  her  marriage  in  1878  she 
taught  music.  She  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  popular  stories;  and  her  poems 
have  appeared  in  several  standard  works. 

ROBERTS,  MRS.  ANNA  SMITH 
[RICKEY],  poet,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1827, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  was  a  poet  who 
published  Forest  Flowers  of  the  West.  She 
died  Aug.  10,  1858,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ROBERTS,  ANTHONY  E.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  in  October,  1803, 
in  Chester  county,  Pa.  In  1839  he  was 
elected  sheriff  of  Lancaster  county,  and 
held  the  office  till  1842;  and  in  1849  was 
appointed  marshal  of  the  eastern  district 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-fourth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thir 
ty-fifth  congress. 

ROBERTS,  BENJAMIN  STONE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1811  in  Manchester,  Vt. 
In  1835  he  graduated  from  West  Point; 
and  practiced  law  in 
Iowa  in  1843-46.  He 
then  re-entered  the 
army;  served  with 
distinction  in  the 
Mexican  and  civil 
wars;  and  attained 
I  the  rank  of  major 
general.  After  two 
years  as  professor  of 
tactics  at  Yale  col 
lege,  he  retired  from 
active  service  in 
1870;  and  then  un 
dertook  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  a 
rifle  of  his  own  invention.  He  died  Jan. 
29,  1875,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


ROBERTS,  BENJAMIN  TITUS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1823  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  free  methodist  clergy 
man  of  North  Chili,  N.  Y.,  founder  of 
Chesbrough  academy  there  in  1865,  and 
president  of  that  institution  in  1869-93.  He 
was  the  author  of  Fishers  of  Men;  Why 
Another  Sect;  First  Lessons  on  Money; 
and  Ordaining  Women.  He  died  in  1893. 

ROBERTS,  CHARLES  B.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
April  19,  1842,  in  Uniontown,  Md.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  public  schools,  and  graduated  at 
Calvert  college  of  New  Windsor,  Md.  Dur 
ing  1874-78  he  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  the  second  Maryland  congressional 
district.  For  four  years  he  was  attor 
ney  general  of  Maryland;  afterward  be 
came  associate  judge  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals  of  Maryland;  and  subsequently  chief 
judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  circuit  of  Mary 
land. 

ROBERTS,  CHARLES  GEORGE  DOUG 
LAS,  litterateur,  author,  poet,  was  born 
in  1860  in  New  Brunswick.  He  is  a  pop 
ular  Canadian  poet  and  writer,  formerly 
a  professor  of  iiterature  in  King's  col 
lege,  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  and  in  re 
cent  years  a  resident  of  New  York  city. 
His  work  in  verse  includes,  Orion,  and 
Other  Poems;  in  Divers  Tones;  The  Book 
of  the  Native.  His  prose  comprises, 
Earth's  Enigmas,  a  collection  of  short 
stories;  The  Forge  in  the  Forest,  an  Aca 
dian  Romance;  A  History  of  Canada; 
Around  the  Camp  Fire;  Canadian'  Guide 
Book;  Reube  Dare's  Shad  Boat;  Raid  from 
Beausejour,  and  How  the  Carter  Boys 
Lifted  the  Mortgage. 

ROBERTS,  ELLIS  H.,  journalist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
30,  1827,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature  of  the  state  of  New 
York  in  1867.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  York  to  the  forty-sec 
ond  and  forty-third  congresses.  He  was  the 
author  of  Government  Revenue;  and  New 
York,  the  Planting  and  Growth  of  the 
Empire  State. 

ROBERTS,  ELWOOD,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  22, 
1846,  in  Wilmington,  Del.  He  received  a 
liberal  education;  and  for  fourteen  years 
taught  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  Pennsylvania.  Since  1882  he  has  been 
engaged  in  editorial  work  on  the  Norris- 
town  Herald,  one  of  the  foremost  daily 
and  weekly  newspapers  of  the  east.  He 
is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Montgomery 
County  Historical  society,  and  is  its  li- 
Vrarian.  He  is  the  author  of  a  series  of 
papers  on  Valley  Forge  Camp-Ground, 
now  being  published  in  book  form;  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  entitled  Lyrics  of  Quaker 
ism;  and  he  is  greatly  interested  in 
genealogical  research. 

ROBERTS,  GEORGE  BROOKE,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1833,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Pa.  Since  1880  he 
has  been  president  of  the  Pennsylvania 
railroad;  and  is  also  president  of  nu 
merous  other  railroad  corporations. 

ROBERTS,  GEORGE  LITCH.  lawyer, 
was  born  Dec.  30,  1836,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  one  of  the  foremost  patent  lawyers 
in  the  United  States. 

ROBERTS,  HOWARD,  sculptor,  was 
born  April  9,  1843,  in  Philadelphia.  He 
opened  a  studio  in  Philadelphia,  and  pro 
duced  there  his  first  work  of  note,  the 
statuette  Hester  and  Pearl,  from  Haw 
thorne's  Scarlet  Letter.  Among  his  oth 
er  works  are  Hypatia;  Lucille,  a  bust; 
Lot's  Wife,  a  statuette;  and  numerous 
ideal  and  portrait  busts.  His  statue  of 
Robert  Fulton  is  in  the  capitol  at  Wash 
ington. 


794 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


ROBERTS,  ISAAC  PHILIPS,  professor 
of  agriculture,  was  born  July  24,  1833,  in 
East  Varick,  N.  Y.  He  is  professor  of  ag 
riculture  in  and  director  of  the  College 
of  Agriculture  and  experimental  station 
of  the  Cornell  university.  He  is  also  on 
the  editorial  staff  of  the  Country  Gen 
tleman. 

ROBERTS,  JAMES  ARTHUR,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born  March 
8,  1847,  in  Waterboro,  Maine.  In  1870  he 
graduated  from  Bow- 
doin  college.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen  he 
joined  the  seventh 
Maine  battery,  and 
took  part  in  the  final 
engagements  of  the 
civil  war.  After  leav 
ing  college  he  taught 
scbool  in  Portland, 
Maine;  and  in  1875 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
During  1879-80  he 

was  a  member  of  the  New  York  state 
assembly.  He  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  park  commission;  and  has  been 
vice-president,  director,  attorney,  or  sec 
retary  of  a  score  of  institutions  in  me 
state  of  New  York.  In  1893  he  was  elect 
ed  state  comptroller  for  the  state  of  New 
York. 

ROBERTS,  JAMES  BOOTH,  actor,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1818,  in  New  Cas 
tle,  Del.  In  1851  he  went  to  England 
and  played  at  Drury  Lane  theater,  Lon 
don,  in  the  characters  of  Sir  Giles  Over 
reach,  King  Lear,  and  Richard  III.  He 
wrote  a  version  of  Goethe's  Faust  which 
he  produced  in  Philadelphia,  playing  Me- 
phistopheles. 

ROBERTS,  JOB,  agriculturist,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  March  23,  1757,  near 
Gwynedd,  Pa.  He  was  among  the  first 
to  introduce  and  breed  merino  sheep  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  promoted  the  manufac 
ture  of  silk.  He  published  The  Pennsyl 
vania  Farmer,  being  a  Selection  from  the 
Most  Approved  Treatises  in  Husbandry. 
He  died  Aug.  20,  1851,  near  Gwynedd,  Pa. 
ROBERTS,  JOHN  BINGHAM,  author, 
was  born  in  1852  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is 
a  Philadelphia  physician;  and  the  author 
of  Paracentesis  of  the  Pericardium;  and 
Compendium  of  Anatomy. 

ROBERTS,  JOHN  FRANCIS,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  May  10,  1856,  in  Phelps 
county,  Mo.  In  1893  he  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Arkansas  state  legislature.  He 
was  twice  president  of  the  county  Farm 
er's  Alliance,  and  has  been  a  delegate  to 
the  state  alliance  of  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

ROBERTS,  JONATHAN,  state  senator, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  16,  1771,  in  Upper  Meriou,  Pa. 
He  was  elected  to  both  branches  of  the 
Pennsylvania  legislature;  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  1811  to  1814. 
From  3814  to  1821  he  was  a  sen 
ator  of  the  United  States.  In  1841 
he  was  appointed  collector  of  the  port  of 
Philadelphia.  He  died  July  21,  1854,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ROBERTS,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1814,  in  Mid- 
dletown.  Del.  He  was  promoted  colonel 
in  the  fourth  artillery  in  1877;  and  was 
placed  on  the  retired  list.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  Hand-Book  of  Artillery  (New 
York,  1860). 

ROBERTS,  JOSEPH  JENKINS,  presi 
dent  of  Liberia,  was  born  March  15,  1809, 
in  Norfolk,  Va.  When  the  colony  of  Li 
beria  was  founded  by  the  American  Colo 
nization  society  he  was  first  lieutenant- 
governor  and  then  governor  of  the  col 
ony,  and,  upon  the  formation  of  the  re 


public  in  1848,  he  was  elected  its  first  pres 
ident,  serving  four  years.  He  died  Feb. 
24,  1876,  in  Liberia. 

ROBERTS,  ORAN  MILO,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  agriculturist,  educator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  July  9,  1815,  in  Laurens 
district,  S.  C.  In  1841  he  moved  to  Texas, 
and  settled  at  St.  Augustine  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession;  and  in  1844  was  ap 
pointed  district  attorney,  holding  the  of 
fice  until  the  annexation  of  Texas  to  the 
United  States.  In  1846  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  district  of  Tex 
as;  and  in  1857  was  elected  an  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Texas.  In 
1862  he  resigned  and  entered  the  confed 
erate  army  as  colonel  of  the  eleventh 
Texas  infantry.  He  was  elected  a  United 
States  senator,  but  was  not  admitted  to 
his  seat.  From  1868  to  1870  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  law  and  agriculture  in  the  in 
stitute  at  Gilmer,  Texas.  In  1874  he  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  the  state;  and 
was  elected  to  that  position  in  1876.  In 
1878  he  was  elected  governor  of  Texas; 
and  was  re-elected  in  1880.  In  1883  he 
became  professor  of  law  in  the  university 
of  Texas.  He  was  the  author  of  Govern 
or  Robinson's  Texas. 

ROBERTS,  ROBERT  ELLIS,  merchant, 
author,  was  born  June  3,  1809,  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  prominent  merchant  and 
citizen  of  Detroit;  and  the  author  of 
Sketches  of  Detroit;  and  The  City  of  the 
Straits.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1881,  in  Detroit, 
Mich. 

'  ROBERTS,  ROBERT  RICHFORD,  mis 
sionary,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1778,  in  Fred 
erick  county,  Md.  He  was  called  by  the 
Indians  the  grandfather  of  all  the  mis 
sionaries.  His  history  is  identified  with 
the  early  methodist  church.  He  died 
March  26,  1843,  in  Lawrence  county,  Ind. 

ROBERTS,  ROBERT  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Delaware.  He  settled  in  Mis 
sissippi;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1843  to 
1847. 

ROBERTS,  SARAH,  author,  was  born 
July  26.  1812,  in  Portsmouth.  She  was 
the  author  of  My  Childhood;  My  Step- 
Mother;  and  Voice  of  the  Grass.  She  died 
March  16,  1869,  in  New  York  city. 

ROBERTS,  SOLOMON  WHITE,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1811, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  distin 
guished  civil  engineer  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  the  author  of  The  Destiny  of  Pitts- 
burg.  He  died  March  20,  1882,  in  At 
lantic  City,  N.  J. 

ROBERTS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1809,  in  Wales. 
He  was  a  Welsh  presbyterian  clergyman 
of  Utica  from  1875.  He  published,  in 
Welsh,  The  Abrahamic  Covenant;  and 
The  Election  of  Grace.  He  died  in  1887. 

ROBERTS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1844,  in 
Wales.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman, 
professor  of  theology  in  Lane  seminary, 
in  1886-93,  and  stated  clerk  of  the  gen 
eral  assembly  from  1884.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  the  United  States;  Ecclesiasti 
cal  Status  of  Theological  Seminaries;  and 
The  Presbyterian  System. 

ROBERTS,  WILLIAM  RANDALL,  mer- 
cnant,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1830, 
in  Ireland.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  forty-second 
and  forty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat, 
and  in  1885  was  appointed  United  States 
minister  to  Chili. 

ROBERTSON,  ALEXANDER,  artist, 
was  born  in  1768  in  Scotland.  He  painted 
landscapes  in  water-color,  and,  like  his 


brother,  was  well  known  as  a  teacher.    He 
died  May  27,  1841,  in  New  York  city. 

ROBERTSON,  ANTHONY  LISPEN- 
ARD,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  8, 
1808,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  assist 
ant  vice-chancellor  in  1846-48,  surrogate 
of  New  York  city  in  1848,  and  in  1859  was 
elected  a  judge  of  the  superior  court.  In 
1864  he  was  elected  for  a  second  term, 
and  in  1866  was  chosen  chief  justice  by 
his  associates.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1868,  in 
New  York  city. 

ROBERTSON,  ARCHIBALD,  artist,  was 
born  May  8,  1765,  in  Scotland.  From  1792 
till  1821  Robertson  followed  his  profes 
sion  as  a  painter  and  instructor  in  New 
York,  working  mostly  in  water-colors  and 
crayons.  In  1802  he  assisted  in  the  pro 
ject  of  forming  an  art  academy,  and  in 
1816,  on  the  founding  of  the  American 
academy,  he  was  elected  a  director.  He 
died  Dec.  6,  1835,  in  New  York  city. 

ROBERTSON,  EDWARD  WHITE,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  June 
13,  1823,  near  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  Louisiana  state 
legislature  from  1847  to  1849;  and  again 
in  the  legislature  in  1853.  He  was  state 
auditor  from  1857  to  1862.  He  entered 
the  confederate  army  in  the  latter  year 
as  captain,  and  served  throughout  the 
war.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Louisiana  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses.  He 
died  August,  1887,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

ROBERTSON,  FELIX,  physician,  was 
born  Jan.  17,  1780,  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  He 
was  thoroughly  identified  with  the  city 
of  Nashville,  being  the  first  male  child 
born  in  the  city,  practiced  medicine  there 
forty  years,  was  twice  mayor,  also  long 
a  president  of  the  Bank  of  Tennessee,  and 
a  presiding  officer  of  the  university  of 
Nashville.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1865,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

ROBERTSON,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
educator,  state  legislator,  was  born  Nov. 
18,  1790,  in  Mercer  county,  Ky.  In  1816 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  and  served  from  1817  to  1821.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature,  and 
speaker  of  the  house  during  four  sessions, 
ending  in  1827.  In  1828  he  was  secretary 
of  state,  and  the  same  year  was  chosen 
judge  of  the  court  of  appeals.  In  1829  he 
was  commissioned  chief  justice  of  Ken 
tucky.  He  was  professor  of  law  in  Tran 
sylvania  university  for  twenty-three 
years.  He  died  May  17,  1874,  in  Lexing 
ton. 

ROBERTSON,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1834 
to  1839. 

ROBERTSON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1787  near  Peters 
burg,  Va.  He  was  a  Virginia  jurist;  and 
the  author  of  Riego,  or  the  Spanish  Mar 
tyr,  a  tragedy;  and  Opuscula,  a  book  of 
verse.  He  died  July  5,  1873,  in  Mount 
Athos,  Va. 

ROBERTSON,  JOHN  HENRY,  journal 
ist,  reformer,  was  born  July  30,  1866,  near 
Pine  Bluff,  Ark.  He  is  a  prominent  mem 
ber  of  the  Knights  of  Labor;  has  been  its 
district  secretary,  state  statistician,  state 
secretary-treasurer;  general  worthy  in 
spector;  secretary  of  the  general  co-opera 
tive  board;  general  organizer;  and  during 
1892-97  was  a  representative  to  the  gen 
eral  assembly  of  the  order  of  the  Knights 
of  Labor.  In  1894  he  was  Arkansas  state 
secretary  of  the  Farmer's  Alliance;  and 
in  1894-95  was  assistant  secretary  of  the 
State  Horticultural  society.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  journalist  of  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
and  takes  an  active  part  in  reform  work. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


795 


ROBERTSON,  MERCER  L.,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  22,  1859,  in  Alexandria,  Va. 
In  1881  he  graduated  at  the  Law  univer 
sity  of  Virginia;  and  in  1882  received  the 
degree  of  B.  L.  from  Yale  college.  He  is 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Texas  at 
Dallas;  has  been  alderman  of  his  city,  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs 
of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

ROBERTSON,  ROBERT  HENDER 
SON,  architect,  was  born  April  29,  1849, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Among  many  build 
ings  of  his  design  are  the  Madison  Avenue 
Methodist  church,  St.  James's  Episcopal 
church,  the  Young  Women's  Christian  as 
sociation  building,  the  Church  of  the  Holy 
Spirit,  Phillips  Presbyterian  church,  the 
New  York  club  building,  the  Railroad 
Men's  building,  St.  Augustine  chapel, 
Grace  chapel,  and  the  Mott  Haven  railroad 
station,  all  in  New  York  city. 

ROBERTSON,  ROBERT  STODDART, 
soldier,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  April 
16,  1839,  in  North  Argyle,  N.  Y.  He  served 
as  a  soldier  during  the  civil  war,  and 
was  promoted  to  colonel  of  New  York  vol 
unteers.  During  1871-76  he  was  register 
in  bankruptcy;  in  1886-88  he  was  lieuten 
ant-governor  of  Indiana;  and  during  1881- 
94  was  a  member  of  the  Utah  commis 
sion.  He  is  prominently  identified  with 
the  public  institutions  of  Fort  Wayne, 
Ind.;  and  has  filled  numerous  public  po 
sitions  of  honor  in  that  city. 

ROBERTSON,  SAMUEL  MATTHEWS, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1852,  in  Plaque- 
mine,  La.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Louisiana  state  legislature  from  the 
parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge  in  1879  for  a 
term  of  four  years.  In  1880  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Louisiana 
State  university  and  Agricultural  and  Me 
chanical  college;  and  filled  the  chair  of 
natural  history  in  that  institution  and  the 
position  of  commandant  of  cadets  until  he 
was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy  created  by  the  death  of  his 
father,  E.  W.  Robertson.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses;  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

ROBERTSON,  THOMAS  A.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  9,  1848,  in  Hodgensville,  Ky.  He 
was  twice  elected  school  commissioner 
of  La  Rue  county,  Ky.;  and  afterward 
was  elected  county  attorney.  In  1877  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Kentucky  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

ROBERTSON,  THOMAS  BOLLING,  a 
Virginian,  became  Louisiana's  governor  in 
1820.  In  1805  he  moved  from  Virginia  to 
the  territory  of  New  Orleans;  and  be 
came  its  attorney  general.  In  1807  he  was 
secretary  of  the  territory,  and  for  a  time 
acted  as  United  States  district  attorney. 
He  was  the  first  representative  elected  to 
the  United  States  congress  from  Louisi 
ana  after  it  became  a  state.  He  resigned 
the  governorship  in  1824  to  accept  the 
United  States  judgeship.  He  died  Oct.  5, 
1828,  in  White  Sulphur  Springs,  Va. 

ROBERTSON,  THOMAS  JAMES,  plan 
ter,  state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1823, 
in  Fairfield  county,  S.  C.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  South 
Carolina  for  the  term  ending  in  1871; 
and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1877. 

ROBERTSON,  WILLIAM  ADDISON 
ROAN,  farmer,  lawyer,  was  born  July  25, 


1849,  in  Carlinville,  111.  He  attended  the 
public  schools,  the  university  of  Carlin 
ville,  the  Illinois  college,  and  the  Harvard 
Law  school.  He  has  had  a  varied  career; 
was  connected  with  the  Fargo  Daily  Ar 
gus  for  five  years;  has  attained  success 
as  a  lawyer  at  Carlinville,  111.;  and  now 
resides  in  Florida. 

ROBERTSON,  WILLIAM  AIRD,  ac 
countant,  journalist,  was  born  Dec.  17, 
I860,  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  He  is  an  ex 
pert  accountant  of  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah;  and  a  journalist  and  mining  pro 
moter  of  prominence.  He  has  also  at 
tained  success  in  the  insurance  business; 
and  takes  an  active  part  in  business  en 
terprises  and  political  affairs. 

ROBERTSON,  WILLIAM  D.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1810,  in  South 
Argyle,  N.  Y.  Since  1884  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Greenwich  and  Johnson- 
ville  railway  at  Greenwich,  N.  Y. 

ROBERTSON,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  10,  1823,  in  Bedford,  N.  Y.  In 
1848  he  was  elected  to  the  New  York  as 
sembly,  and  re-elected  in  1849.  In  1854 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate.  In 
1856  he  was  elected  for  four  years  judge  of 
Westchester  county;  and  was  re-elected  in 
1859,  and  also  in  1863,  serving  eleven 
years  in  all.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  for 
tieth  congress;  and  in  1875  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  senate  of  New  York. 

ROBERTSON,  WINDHAM,  governor, 
was  born  Jan.  26,  1803,  in  Manchester, 
Va.  He  was  elected  lieutenant-governor 
of  Virginia  in  1834;  and  in  1836  was  made 
acting-governor  of  the  state,  remaining 
in  that  position  until  1837.  He  died  Feb 

11,  1888,  in  Washington  county,  Va. 

ROBESON,  GEORGE  MAXWELL,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1827  in  Warren  county,  N.  J.  In  1859  he 
was  appointed  prosecuting  attorney  for 
Camden  county.  On  the  outbreak  of  the 
rebellion  was  appointed  a  brigadier-gen 
eral,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  or 
ganization  of  troops.  In  1867  he  was  ap 
pointed  attorney-general  of  New  Jersey, 
which  position  he  resigned  to  accept  a 
seat,  in  1869,  in  the  cabinet  of  President 
Grant,  as  secretary  of  the  navy.  He  re 
mained  in  the  cabinet  until  the  advent  of 
President  Hayes  in  1877;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

ROBIE,  FREDERICK,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 

12,  1822,   in   Gorham,   Maine.     He  was  a 
representative   in  the  Maine   state   legis 
lature  for  seven  years,  serving  as  speaker 
for  two  sessions;  and  was  a  state  senator 
for  two  terms.     He  served  as  paymaster 
in  the  union   army  throughout  the  civil 
war.     He  was  a  member  of  the  executive 
council   on  the   staff  of  the  governor  of 
Maine  for  four  years;  and  was  made  mas 
ter  of  the  Maine  State  Grange  of  Patrons 
of   Husbandry.     In    1882   he   was  elected 
governor  of  Maine  for  the   term  of  two 
years;  and  was  re-elected  in  1884. 

ROBIE,  THOMAS,  librarian,  author, 
was  born  March  20,  1689,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  librarian  of  Harvard  college  in 
1712-13,  and  from  1714  till  1723  was  a  tu 
tor.  He  published  a  book  entitled  The 
Knowledge  of  Christ;  and  in  the  Trans 
actions  of  the  Philosophical  society  a  pa 
per  on  Alkaline  Salts;  and  one  on  The 
Venom  of  the  Spider.  He  died  Aug.  28, 
1729,  in  Boston,  Mass. 


ROBINS,  HENRY  EPHRAIM,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Sept.  27,  1827,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  In  1867 
he  took  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Bap 
tist  church  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  he 
remained  there  until  1873,  when  he  was 
called  to  the  presidency  of  Colby  univer 
sity,  Waterville,  Maine.  For  nearly  ten 
years  he  administered  the  affairs  of  this 
college  with  success.  In  1882  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  chair  of  Christian  ethics  in 
Rochester  Theological  seminary. 

ROBINSON,  ALEXANDER  KELLEY, 
lawyer,  was  born  July  26,  1850,  in  Gal- 
latin  county,  111.  He  received  a  thorough 
education  in  the 
schools  of  Shawnee- 
town,  111.  He  then 
studied  law;  and  has 
since  attained  suc 
cess  in  that  profes 
sion  in  California.  In 
1890-92  he  was  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Pla 
cer  county,  Cal.;  and 
filled  that  office  with 
distinction.  He  has 
a  lucrative  practice 
in  Auburn,  Cal.;  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs 
of  his  city,  county  and  state.  He  is  a 
member  of  various  fraternal  orders;  and 
has  held  numerous  public  positions  of 
trust. 

ROBINSON,  MRS.  ANNIE  DOUGLAS 
[GREEN] — Marian  Douglas — author,  po 
et,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1842,  in  Plymouth, 
N.  H.  She  is  a  writer  of  Bristol,  N.  H.; 
and  the  author  of  Picture  Poems  for 
Young  Folks;  and  Peter  and  Polly,  or 
Home  Life  in  New  England  One  Hundred 
Years  Ago. 

ROBINSON,  CHARLES,  physician,  law 
yer,  governor,  was  born  July  21,  1818,  in 
Hardwick,  Mass.  His  father  was  a  farmer, 
a  strong  abolitionist, 
and  a  descendant  of 
the  John  Robin 
son  of  Plymouth 
colony  fame.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
at  the  Hadley  and 
Amherst  academies, 
Amherst  college  and 
the  medical  schools 
"''  Pittsfleld,  Mass., 
and  Woodstock,  Vt. 
For  many  years  he 
practiced  his  profes 
sion  at  Belchertown  and  Pittsfield,  and 
at  Springfield  opened  a  hospital.  In  1849 
he  went  to  California,  suffered  shipwreck 
on  his  return  on  the  coast  of  Mexico;  and 
while  in  California  served  in  the  legisla 
ture.  After  his  return  to  Massachusetts 
he  was  editor  of  the  Fitchburg  News  for 
two  years;  and  in  1854  became  identified 
with  the  free  state  movement  in  Kansas. 
Doubtless  his  influence  in  laying  the 
foundation  of  that  state  was  greater  than 
any  other  single  individual.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  the  territory,  and  in 
1861  was  elected  governor  of  the  state  un 
der  the  recognized  constitution;  and  he 
became  popularly  known  as  the  war  gov 
ernor  of  Kansas.  He  was  instrumental 
in  the  establishment  of  the  first  school  in 
Lawrence;  was  identified  with  the  found 
ing  of  the  state  university,  of  which  he 
was  regent  for  many  years,  and  at  his 
death  bequeathed  $150,000  to  that  institu 
tion.  For  forty  years  he  was  identified 
with  the  best  interests  of  the  political  and 
social  affairs  of  the  state;  and  the  peo 
ple  of  Kansas  duly  acknowledged  his 
great  and  lasting  service.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Kansas  Conflict.  He  died 
Aug.  17,  1894,  at  his  home,  near  Law 
rence,  Kas. 


796 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


ROBINSON,  CHARLES  SEYMOUR, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  31, 
1829.  in  Bennington,  Vt.  He  is  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman  of  prominence  in  New 
York  city,  well  known  as  an  hynmologist. 
Besides  Laudes  Domini,  and  other  hym 
nals,  he  has  published  Church  Work,  a 
volume  of  sermons;  Studies  on  the  New 
Testament;  Studies  of  Neglected  Texts; 
The  Pharaohs  of  the  Bondage  and  the 
Exodus;  Simon  Peter,  his  Life  and  Work; 
Studies  in  Mark's  Gospel;  Simon  Peter's 
Later  Life  and  Labors;  Sermons  in  Songs; 
and  Sabbath  Evening  Sermons. 

ROBINSON,  CHRISTOPHER,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Rhode  Island. 
He  was  attorney  general  of  Rhode  Island; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Rhode  Island  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  minister 
to  Peru. 

ROBINSON,  CONWAY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1805,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.  He  devoted  himself  for  many 
years  to  a  revision  of  the  civil  and  crim 
inal  code  of  Virginia;  and  he  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  valuable  law  works. 
He  died  Jan.  30,  1884,  in  Philadelphia',  Pa. 

ROBINSON,  DAVID,  soldier,  was  born 
Nov.  4,  1754,  in  Hardwick,  Mass.  He 
served  through  the  war  of  1812,  attaining 
for  meritorious  service  the  rank  of  major- 
general.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1843. 

ROBINSON,  EDITH,  author,  was  born 
in  1858  in  Massachusetts.  She  is  a  Bos 
ton  novelist;  and  the  author  of  A  Forced 
Acquaintance;  Penhallow  Tales;  and  A 
Loyal  Little  Maid. 

ROBINSON,  EDWARD,  merchant,  state 
senator,  was  born  in  1796  in  Connecti 
cut.  He  served  two  years  in  the  Maine 
senate.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maine  during  the  years  1838 
and  1839;  and  in  1840  was  a  presidential 
elector.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1857 

ROBINSON,  EDWARD,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  10,  1794, 
in  Southington,  Conn.  He  was  a  distin 
guished  congregational  clergyman  and 
biblical  scholar  of  New  York  city,  a  pro 
fessor  in  Union  seminary  in  1837-63,  and 
the  founder  of  the  Bibliotheca  Sacra.  He 
was  the  author  of  Harmony  of  the  Four 
Gospels,  in  Greek;  Harmony  of  the  Four 
Gospels,  in  English;  Biblical  Researches 
in  Palestine;  Physical  Geography  of  the 
Holy  Land;  and  A  Greek  and  English 
Lexicon  of  the  New  Testament.  He  died 
Jan.  27,  1863,  in  New  York  city. 

ROBINSON,  EDWARD  BRECK,  musi 
cian,  poet,  was  born  May  29,  1821,  in  Dor 
chester,  Mass.  He  was  the  first  organ 
ist  of  the  First  Parish  church,  Portland, 
Maine;  and  was  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Andrews  and  Robinson,  manufacturers  of 
pianos  and  organs.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  poems,  some  of  which  have 
been  set  to  music. 

ROBINSON.  EDWARD  MURPHY,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  March  11,  1872, 
in  Stockton,  Ala.  He  received  the  degree 
of  B.  A.  from  the  university  of  Alabama, 
and  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  from  the  same 
institution.  He  studied  law  at  the  univer 
sity  of  Virginia,  and  has  attained  success 
in  that  profession  in  his  native  state  at 
Mobile.  He  has  filled  numerous  public 
offices  of  trust,  and  in  1894-95  and  1896-97 
served  as  a  member  of  the  state  legisla 
ture,  and  was  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  education  in  the  house,  and  a  member 
of  the  judiciary  committee.  He  is  also 
captain  of  the  Mobile  rifle  company. 

ROBINSON.  EZEKIEL  OILMAN,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  March  23,  1815,  In  Attleborough. 


Mass.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  and 
educator,  president  of  the  Brown  univer 
sity  in  1872-89;  and  the  author  of  Yale 
Lectures  on  Preaching;  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Morality;  and  Christian  Evi 
dences.  He  died  in  1894. 

ROBINSON,  FANNIE,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  Sept.  30,  1847,  in  Carlindale, 
Pa.  She  attended  the  Albany  Female  col 
lege,  and  Rutgers  Female  college.  For 
twenty  years  she  has  been  engaged  in 
educational  work,  and  most  of  the  time 
as  principal  and  preceptress.  Her  poems 
have  appeared  in  Harper's  Monthly,  Cos 
mopolitan,  and  other  leading  magazines. 

ROBINSON,  FAYETTE,  author,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  the  author  of 
Mexico  and  her  Military  Chieftains;  Ac 
count  of  the  Organization  of  the  United 
States  Army;  California  and  the  Gold  Re 
gions;  Spanish  Grammar;  Wizard  of  the 
Wave,  a  romance;  and  a  number  ol  trans 
lations  from  the  French.  He  died  in  1859. 

ROBINSON,  FRANK  TORREY,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1845  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  a  journalist  and  art  critic 
of  Boston,  and  more  recently  one  of  the 
curators  of  the  Metropolitan  museum  of 
New  York  city.  He  is  the  author  of 
Quaint  New  England;  Living  New  Eng 
land  Artists;  and  History  of  the  Fifth 
Massachusetts  Regiment  of  Volunteer  Mi 
litia. 

ROBINSON,  FRED  ERNEST,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  22,  1865,  in  Cato,  Wis.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

ROBINSON.  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Oct.  1,  1835.  in  Hubbardston, 
Mass.  For  many  years  he  was  judge  of 
the  district  court  of  East  Hampton,  Mass. 

ROBINSON,  GEORGE  DEXTER,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  Jan.  20,  1834,  in  Lexington, 
Mass.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Massachusetts  state  legislature  in  1874; 
and  a  state  senator  in  1876.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses  as  a 
republican.  In  1883  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Massachusetts,  and  resigned  his 
seat  in  congress  to  assume  the  duties  of 
that  office  from  January,  1884;  and  was 
re-elected  in  1884  and  1885. 

ROBINSON,  MRS.  HARRIET  JANE 
I  HANSON],  suffragist,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  8,  1825,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She 

is     a  prominent  wo- 

^••^^  man      suffragist     of 

Maiden.     Ma&s.       In 
her    early    life     she 
was  one  of  the  con 
tributors       to        the 
noted  Lowell     Offer 
ing;    and  the  author 
of  Massachusetts     in 
^^^     the  Woman  Suffrage 
Movement;     Captain 
Mary         Miller,         a 
drama;     Early    Fac 
tory  Labor     in  New 
England;  and  The  New  Pandora,  a  drama 
in  blank  verse. 

ROBINSON,  HARRY  PERRY,  littera 
teur,  author,  was  born  in  1860  in  East  In 
dies.  He  is  an  English  writer,  resident  in 
the  United  States  from  1883,  and  now  liv 
ing  in  Chicago.  He  is  a  brother  of  Philip 
Robinson,  the  English  writer.  He  is  the 
author  of  Men  Born  Equal,  a  novel;  and 
monographs  on  railway  topics. 

ROBINSON,  HENRY  A.,  statistician, 
political  economist,  was  born  July  25, 
1840,  in  Bay  de  Verte,  N.  B.  His  parents 
removed  to  the  United  States  when  he 
was  seven  years  of  age,  first  to  Maine  and 
then  to  Ohio.  During  the  civil  war  he 


served  a  short  time  in  the  union  army. 
He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  practiced.  He  has,  however,  devoted 
his  best  energies  to  political  economy  and 
statistics,  and  has  written  extensively  on 
these  and  kindred  subjects.  He  has  been  la 
bor  commissioner  and  statistician  of  the 
labor  bureau  of  Michigan.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  National  Statistical  asso 
ciation  at  Washington,  I).  C..  and  is  now 
its  first  vice-president;  and  is  a  member 
of  various  other  statistical  bodies.  He  :s 
a  fluent  speaker,  and  has  done  much  plat 
form  talking  on  economical  and  political 
subjects. 

ROBINSON,  HENRY  CORNELIUS,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1832, 
in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  has  been  mayor 
of  his  native  city;  a  representative  in  the 
Connecticut  state  legislature;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  constitutional'  convention. 

ROBINSON,  HORATIO  NELSON,  edu 
cator,  mathematician,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  1.  1806,  in  Hartwick.  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  mathematician  and  educator  of  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio,  after  1854  a  resident  of  Eld- 
ridge,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  author  of  Uni 
versity  Algebra;  Mathematical  Recre 
ations;  Treatise  on  Surveying  and  Navi 
gation;  Treatise  on  Astronomy;  and  Ana 
lytical  Geometry  and  Conic  Sections  He 
died  Jan.  19,  1867.  in  Eldridge,  N.  Y. 

ROBINSON,  J.  F.,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Kentucky  from  1861  to  1863. 

ROBINSON,  JAMES  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1822  in  Edgar 
county.  111.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Illinois  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  and  thirty-eighth  congresses.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-second  and  forty- 
third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

ROBINSON,  JAMES  HERVEY,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1802,  in  Mor- 
ristown,  N.  J.  He  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  New  Jersey  legislature  in  1840,  and 
again  in  1842,  serving  two  terms,  with 
credit  to  himself  and  to  his  constituency. 

ROBINSON,  JAMES  M.,  machinist,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1861  in  M- 
len  county,  Ind.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
took  employment  in 
a  shop  at  Fort 
Wayne  as  a  machine 
hand,  and  from  that 
time  till  the  present 
has  supported  and 
kept  house  with  his 
mother;  and  while 
working  at  his  trade 
he  studied  law.  In 
1881  he  entered  the 
office  of  Judge  Wai- 
pole  G.  Colerick,  who 
was  then  in  con 
gress;  and  in  1882  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  the  state  and  United  States  courts. 
In  1886  and  1888  he  was  unanimously 
nominated  for  prosecuting  attorney  and 
elected,  filling  that  position  for  four  years. 
He  was  unanimously  nominated  by  the 
democrats  in  1896  and  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat,  represent 
ing  the  twelfth  congressional  district  of 
Indiana. 

ROBINSON.  JAMES  SIDNEY,  soldier, 
journalist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  14,  1827,  near  Mansfield, 
Ohio.  In  1856  he  was  elected  chief  clerk 
of  the  Ohio  house  of  representatives, 
and  served  two  terms.  He  enlisted  in  the 
union  army  in  1861  and  served  through 
out  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general  and  brevet  major-general.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 


IIKKKINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHV. 


797 


ROBINSON,  JAMES  W.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  28, 
1826,  in  Union  county,  Ohio.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1858,  1860, 
and  1864;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
third  congress. 

ROBINSON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  8,  1768,  in  Oabarrus  coun 
ty,  N.  C.  He  was  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  Eulogy  on  Washington.  He  died 
Dec.  14,  1&43. 

ROBINSON,  JOHN  BUCHANAN,  naval 
officer,  journalist,  congressman,  was  born 
May  23,  1846,  in  Allegheny  City.  He  is 
at  present  proprietor  of  the  Media  Ledger 
and  is  the  largest  stockholder  in  the  West 
Chester  Publishing  company,  West  Ches 
ter,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  state  leg 
islature,  lower  house,  1884;  re-elected  in 
1886;  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in 
1889;  and  elected  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress  in  1890.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

ROBINSON,  JOHN  BUNYAN,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  poet,  was  born 
April  11,  1834,  in  Osceola,  Ohio.  In  1860 
he  graduated  at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  uni 
versity.  He  has  been  principal  of  the 
Mount  Washington  seminary,  near  Cin 
cinnati;  and  was  successively  president 
of  Willoughby  college,  Fort  Wayne  col 
lege,  New  Hampshire  seminary  and  Fe 
male  college,  and  Jennings  seminary.  He 
has  lectured  extensively;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  Infidelity  Considered;  Vinves  of 
Eshcol;  Commencements;  and  various 
other  prose  works;  and  a  volume  of  po 
etical  works  entitled  Emeline.  He  is  rep 
resented  in  Poets  of  America  and  other 
standard  works. 

ROBINSON,  JOHN  CLEVELAND,  sol 
dier,  was  born  April  10,  181  (,  in  Bing- 
hamton,  N.  Y.  He  was  brevetted  a 
major-general  of  the  United  States  army. 
He  participated  in  the  Mexican  war,  Semi- 
nole  war,  Indian  troubles  in  Texas,  Mor 
mon  troubles  in  Utah,  and  served  with 
distinction  through  the  civil  war.  In  1872 
he  was  chosen  lieutenant-governor  of  his 
state. 

ROBINSON,  JOHN  HOVEY,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1825  in  Maine.  He 
is  a  physician  who  wrote  a  large  number 
of  sensational  romances  of  slight  literary 
merit,  among  which  are,  W'hite  Rover; 
Nightshade;  and  Silver-Knife. 

ROBINSON,  JOHN  L.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Indiana  from 
1847  to  1853.  In  1857  he  was  appointed 
United  States  marshal  for  the  district  of 
Indiana.  He  died  March  21,  1860,  in  In 
diana. 

ROBINSON,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1793 
in  Kentucky.  He  was  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Illinois,  and  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  supreme  court  of  that  state.  He 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  1830  to 
1842.  He  died  April  27,  1843,  in  Ottawa, 
111. 

ROBINSON,  JOHN  STANIFORD,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
Nov.  10,  1804,  in  Bennington,  Vt.  He  was 
for  many  years  in  the  state  legislature; 
and  was  governor  of  Vermont  from  1853 
to  1854.  He  died  April  24,  1860,  in  Cher- 
leston,  S.  C. 

ROBINSON,  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug. 
24,  1756,  in  Hardwick,  Mass.  He  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  or  Vermont  in  1801; 
and  in  1806  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress,  serving  from  1807  to  1815.  He  died 
Nov.  3,  1819,  in  Bennington,  Vt. 


ROBINSON,  LEORA  BETTISON,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  June  8,  1840,  in 
Little  Rock,  Ark.  Together  with  her  hus 
band  she  established  the  Holyoke  acad 
emy  of  Louisville,  Ky.  She  is  the  author 
of  House  with  Spectacles;  Than;  Patsy; 
and  other  works. 

ROBINSON,  LUCIUS,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1810, 
in  Windham,  N.  Y.  He  was  district  at 
torney  of  Greene  county,  N.  Y.,  from  1837 
to  1840.  In  the  latter  year  he  moved  to 
New  York  city;  and  in  1843  was  appoint 
ed  commissioner  in  chancery.  In  1859  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  New 
York  legislature;  and  was  re-elected  in 
1860.  In  1861  he  was  elected  comptroller 
of  the  state;  and  was  re-elected  in  1863. 
In  1871  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  commission;  in  1875  was  again 
elected  comptroller;  and  in  1876  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  New  York. 

ROBINSON,  MRS.  MARTHA  HARRI 
SON,  author,  was  born  in  Virginia.  She 
is  a  writer  of  Philadelphia  who  has  pub 
lished  a  number  of  translations  from  the 
French,  and  Helen  Erskine,  an  original 
novel. 

ROBINSON,  MARTIN  L..  educator,  law 
yer,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1860,  in  Paintsville. 
Ky.  For  fifteen  years  he  was  engaged 
in  educational  work;  and  is  now  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  of  Boons  Camp,  Ky.,  where 
he  is  prominent  in  public  affairs. 

ROBINSON,  MRS.  MARY  DOMMET 
[NAUMAN],  author,  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  She  is  a  novelist  of  Lancaster, 
Pa.;  and  the  author  of  Twisted  Threads; 
Sidney  Elliot;  The  Enchanted  Princess; 
Clyde  Wardleigh's  Promise;  and  Eva's 
Adventures  in  Shadowland. 

ROBINSON,  MERRITT  M.,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1810  in  Louisiana. 
He  was  the  reporter  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Louisiana  from  1841  till  1847.  He  pub 
lished  a  useful  Digest  of  the  Penal  Laws 
of  Louisiana,  Analytically  Arranged.  His 
Reports,  comprising  sixteen  volumes,  in 
cluding  four  that  he  edited,  were  en 
riched  with  valuable  marginal  notes.  He 
died  June  5,  1850,  in  Louisiana. 

ROBINSON,  MILTON  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  20,  1832,  in  Versailles,  Ind.  He  en 
tered  the  army  as  lieutenant-colonel;  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  brevet  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  from  1867  to  1870;  and  in  1874  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

ROBINSON,  MOSES,  state  legislator, 
governor.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  15,  1741,  in  Hardwick,  Mass.  He 
served  in  the  legislature  of  Vermont;  and 
was  governor  of  that  state  from  1789  to 
1V90.  He  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of 
the  United  States  from  Vermont  under  the 
administration  of  President  Washington 
from  1791  to  1796.  He  died  May  26,  1813. 
in  Bennington.  Vt. 

ROBINSON.  ORRIN  W.,  lumber  mer 
chant,  state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  12, 
1834,  in  Claremont,  N.  H.  In  1873  he  or 
ganized  the  Sturgeon  River  Lumber  com 
pany  of  Chassell,  Mich.,  of  which  he  is 
still  president.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  house  of  representatives  in  1896; 
and  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  in  1897-98. 

ROBINSON,  ORVILLE,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1845;  and  also  served  four  years  in 
the  assembly  of  that  state  from  Oswego 
county. 


ROBINSON,  ROWLAND  EVANS,  far 
mer,  author,  was  born  in  1833  in  Ver 
mont.  He  is  a  farmer  of  Ferrisburgh,  Vt.; 
and  the  author  of  Danvis  Folks,  a  novel; 
Vermont:  a  Study  of  Independence;  Un 
cle  'Lisha's  Shop;  and  In  New  England 
Woods  and  Fields. 

ROBINSON,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  was  bora 
Aug.  9,  1738,  in  Hardwick,  Mass.  He  was 
the  first  justice  of  the  peace  appointed 
in  town  under  the  authority  of  Vermont 
in  1778,  and  was  also  during  the  same  year 
one  of  the  judges  of  a  special  court.  He 
died  May  3,  1813,  in  Bennington,  Vt. 

ROBINSON,  SARA  TAPPAN  DOOLIT- 
TLE,  author,  was  born  July  12,  1827,  in 
Belchertown,  Mass.  She  is  the  wife  of 
the  late  ex-Governor 
Charles  Robinson, 
frequently  called  the 
war  governor  of 
Kansas.  She  received 
a  thorough  education 
in  the  classical  school 
of  her  native  city, 
now  known  as  Salem 
academy.  Mrs.  Rob 
inson  is  the  author 
of  Kansas,  its  Inter 
ior  and  Exterior  Life, 
a  book  which  was 
widely  circulated  and  had  great  influence 
in  the  Kansas  struggle.  She  is  a  pleasing 
writer,  and  has  contributed  extensively 
to  the  periodical  press.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Myron  Lawrence,  a  distin 
guished  lawyer,  who  did  his  state  great 
honor  in  various  public  capacities. 

ROBINSON,  SOLON,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1803,  near  Tolland,  Conn. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York  city 
long  known  as  an  agricultural  writer  for 
The  Tribune,  and  after  1870  a  resident 
of  Jacksonville,  Fla.  He  was  the  author 
of  Hot  Corn,  or  Life  Scenes  in  New  York, 
a  very  popular  book  for  a  short  period; 
Facts  for  Farmers,  which  was  extensive 
ly  circulated;  How  to  Live,  or  Domestic 
Economy  Illustrated;  and  Me-won-i-toc. 
He  died  Nov.  3,  1880,  in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

ROBINSON,  STILLMAN  WILLIAMS, 
educator,  civil  engineer,  author,  was  born 
March  6,  1838,  in  South  Reading,  Vt.  He 
is  a  civil  engineer,  professor  of  physics  at 
Ohio  State  university  from  1878;  and  the 
author  of  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Teeth 
of  Wheels;  Railroad  Economics;  and 
Strength  of  Wrought-Iron  Bridge  Mater 
ials. 

ROBINSON,  STUART,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1814,  in  Ireland. 
He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  prom 
inence  in  Louisville;  and  the  author  of 
Discourses  of  Redemption;  and  The 
Church  of  God.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1881,  in 
Louisville,  Ky. 

ROBINSON,  MRS.  THERESE  ALBER- 
TINE  LOUISE  [VON  JAKOB]— Talvi— 
author,  was  born  in  1797  in  Georgia.  She 
was  an  able  and  learned  author  who 
wrote  both  in  English  and  German,  using 
the  pseudonym  Talvi  in  the  latter  case. 
She  was  the  author  of  Characteristik  der 
Volkslieder  germanischen  Nationen;  Die 
Unechtheit  der  Lieder  Ossians;  Aus  der 
Geschichte  der  ersten  Ansiedelungen  in 
den  Vereinigten  Staaten;  Die  Colonisa 
tion  von  New  England;  Fifteen  Years,  a 
Picture  from  the  Last  Century;  Historical 
View  of  the  Language  and  Literature  of 
the  biavic  Nations.  She  also  wrote  a 
number  of  stories  which  her  daughter 
translated  from  the  German,  including 
Psyche;  Heloise;  Life's  Discipline;  and 
The  Exiles.  She  died  in  1869. 


798 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ROBINSON,  THOMAS,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Delaware  from  1839  to  1841.  He  died  Oct. 
28,  1843,  in  Sussex  county,  Del. 

ROBINSON,  THOMAS,  artist,  was  born 
Aug.  23,  1835,  in  Pictou,  N.  S.  He  has 
attained  a  national  reputation  throughout 
the  United  States  as  a  noted  artist.  He 
died  March  1,  1888,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

ROBINSON,  TRACY,  business  man,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
was  an  official  of  the  Panama  railway  in 
1861-74,  and  subsequently  a  resident  of 
New  York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  Soiig 
of  the  Palm,  and  Other  Poems. 

ROBINSON,  WALTER  A.,  educator, 
was  born  Dec.  15,  1854,  in  East  Orring- 
ton,  Maine.  His  work  in  Franklin  gave 
him  a  reputation  as  a  prominent  educator 
in  New  Hampshire,  and  led  to  his  being 
elected  president  of  the  State  Teachers' 
association. 

ROBINSON,  WILLIAM  ERIGENA, 
journalist,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
May  6,  1814,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  fre 
quent  writer  for  the  New  York  Herald; 
and  in  1844  became  identified  with  the 
New  York  Tribune,  signing  his  commu 
nications  Richelieu.  In  1848  and  1849  he 
became  identified  as  editor  with  a  weekly 
paper  called  The  People.  He  practiced 
law  in  New  York  from  1853  to  1862;  and 
in  1862  was  appointed  United  States  as 
sessor  of  internal  revenue  for  the  city  of 
Brooklyn.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  for 
tieth  congress;  and  was  again  a  represen 
tative  in  the  forty-seventh  and  forty- 
eighth  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  died 
Jan.  23,  1892,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

ROBINSON,  WILLIAM  STEVENS, 
— Warrington — journalist,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  7,  1818,  in  Concord,  Mass.  He 
was  a  journalist  of  Boston  long  known 
as  the  Boston  correspondent  of  the  New 
York  Tribune  and  the  Springfield  Repub 
lican.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Salary 
Grab;  Manual  of  Parliamentary  Practice; 
Warrington's  Pen  Portraits;  and  Personal 
and  Political.  He  died  March  11,  1876. 
in  Maiden,  Mass. 

ROBISON,  DAVID  F.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1855  to  1857. 

ROBISON,  JAMES  DICKEY,  surgeon, 
was  born  April  23,  1820,  in  Wooster,  Ohio. 
During  the  Mexican  war  he  was  surgeon 
ir.  the  third  regiment  Ohio  infantry;  and 
during  the  civil  war  was  commissioned 
surgeon  in  the  sixteenth  Ohio  infantry. 
He  performed  the  first  amputation  made 
during  the  civil  war.  He  died  May  10, 
1895,  in  Wooster,  Ohio. 

ROBSON,  STUART,  actor,  was  born 
March  4,  1836,  in  Annapolis,  Md.  He  has 
attained  a  national  reputation  through 
out  the  United  States  as  a  noted  actor. 

ROBYN,  ALFRED  GEORGE,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  April  29,  1860,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  is  the  author  of  the  oper 
ettas,  Beans  and  Buttons;  Court  Martial; 
Soldier  in  Petticoats;  and  A  Slim  Leg 
acy.  Among  his  popular  ballads  are:  You; 
Answer;  Yearning;  and  It  Was  a  Dream. 
ROCHE,  JAMES  JEFFREY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1847  in  Ireland.  He 
is  a  popular  Boston  journalist,  since  1890 
the  editor  of  The  Pilot;  and  the  author  of 
Songs  and  Satires;  Ballads  of  Blue  Water; 
Life  of  John  Boyle  O'Reilly;  The  Story 
of  the  Filibusters;  and  His  Majesty  the 
King. 

ROCHESTER,  NATHANIEL,  soldier, 
was  born  Feb.  21,  1752,  in  Westmoreland 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  major-general  dur 
ing  the  revolution.  In  1818  he  purchased 
large  tracts  of  land  in  the  Genesee  val 


ley  and  settled  in  Rochester,  which  has 
been  named  after  him.  He  died  May  17, 
1S31,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

ROCHESTER,  PAUL  A.,  railroad  man 
ager,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1857,  in  Roches 
ter,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  United  States  Military  academy  and 
at  the  Rochester  university.  He  has  been 
in  railroad  service  since  1878;  has  been 
in  the  engineer's  corps  of  several  rail 
roads;  and  since  1895  has  been  general 
eastern  agent  of  the  Gulf,  Colorado  and 
Santa  Fe  railway  at  New  York  city. 

ROCHESTER,  THOMAS  FORTESCUE, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1823. 
in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  prominent 
physician  of  Buffalo;  and  the  author  of 
The  Army  Surgeon;  and  Medical  Men  and 
Medical  Matters  in  1776.  He  died  May  24, 
1S87,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

ROCHESTER,  WILLIAM  BEATTY, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  in  Washington  county,  Md.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1821  to  1823.  He  sub 
sequently  held  the  office  of  circuit  judge 
in  New  York,  but  resigned  to  compete 
with  De  Witt  Clinton  for  the  office  of  gov 
ernor.  He  died  June  15,  1838,  at  sea. 

ROCHESTER,  WILLIAM  BEATTY, 
soldier,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1826,  in  Angel 
ica,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the  United  States 
service  as  major  and  additional  paymas 
ter  of  volunteers  in  1861.  He  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  permanent  establishment  as 
paymaster  in  1867,  and  in  February,  1882, 
was  appointed  paymaster-general  of  the 
army,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 
ROCKEFELLER,  JOHN  DAVISON, 
founder  of  the  Standard  Oil  company,  was 
born  July  8,  1839,  in  Richford,  N.  Y.  In 
1870  the  firm  of  Rockefeller,  Andrews 
and  Flagler  dissolved  and  organized  the 
Standard  Oil  company  of  Ohio,  with 
John  D.  Rockefeller  as  its  president  and 
William  Rockefeller  as  vice-president. 
The  Standard  Oil  companies  have  been 
able  to  reduce  the  cost  of  oil  to  con 
sumers,  and  they  now  own  thousands  of 
acres  of  oil  lands,  an  extensive  system  of 
wells,  refineries,  pipe  lines,  oil  steamships 
and  business  houses  in  all  the  principal 
cities  of  the  United  States  and  the  repre 
sentative  cities  of  nearly  every  civilized 
country  on  the  face  of  the  globe.  They 
control  the  greater  part  of  the  petroleum 
business  of  this  country  and  export  much 
of  the  oil  used  in  other  countries. 

ROCKEFELLER,  WILLIAM,  president 
of  the  Standard  Oil  company,  was  born 
May  31,  1841,  in  Tioga  county,  N.  Y.  In 
1865  he  came  to  New  York  and  estab 
lished  the  firm  of  Rockefeller  and  Com 
pany  to  sell  and  handle  in  this  market 
the  oils  of  the  two  concerns  in  Cleveland. 
In  1867  all  three  firms  were  dissolved  to 
be  succeeded  by  Rockefeller,  Andrews  and 
Flagler  of  Cleveland  and  New  York  city, 
William  Rockefeller  taking  charge  of  the 
business  in  New  York. 

ROCKEL,  WILLIAM  MAHLON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  July  18,  1855,  in 
Clark  county,  Ohio.  In  1887  he  was  ad- 

mitted   to  the     bar; 

$••^^•1  and  has  attained 
success  as  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of 
Ohio  at  Springfield. 
He  is  probate  judge 
of  Clark  county; 
and  is  prominent  in 
the  public  affairs  of 
his  city,  county  and 
state.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Questions 
Fiom  Ohio  Supreme 
Court;  Ohio  Mechan 
ic's  Lien  Law;  and  Complete  Guide  for 
Township  Officials. 


ROCKFORD,  J.  A.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  16,  1860,  in  Kankakee,  111.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer  of  North  Yakima, 
Wash.,  and  has  been  prosecuting  attor 
ney  of  his  county  for  two  terms.  He  is 
prominent  in  Masonry;  was  one  of  a  com 
mission  of  five  from  the  grand  lodge  of 
Washington  to  visit  the  World's  Masonic 
congress  held  in  Chicago  in  1893. 

ROCKHILL,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  settled  in 
Indiana;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1847 
to  1849. 

ROCKWELL,  ALPHONSO  DAVID,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  May  18,  1840,  in 
New  Canaan  county,  Conn.  He  is  a  phy 
sician  of  New  York  city;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Relation  of  Electricity  to  Medi 
cine  and  Surgery;  and  Medical  and  Surgi 
cal  Uses  of  Electricity. 

ROCKWELL,  CHARLES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1806,  in  Cole- 
brook,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  who  held  pastorates  in  the 
New  England  and  other  states;  and  the 
author  of  Sketches  of  Foreign  Travel  and 
Life  at  Sea;  and  The  Catskill  Mountains 
and  the  Region  Around.  He  died  April 
17,  1882,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

ROCKWELL,  FRANCIS  W.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  May  26,  1844,  in  Pitts- 
field,  Mass.  In  1873  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  special  justices  of  the  district  court 
of  Central  Berkshire,  Mass.;  and  held  sev 
eral  local  offices.  In  1879  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature; 
in  1881  was  elected  a  state  senator;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1882.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  forty-eighth  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as 
a  republican.  From  its  incorporation  in 
1S93  he  has  been  president  of  the  City 
Savings  bank  of  Pittsfield,  Mass. 

ROCKWELL,  HOSEA  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1840  in 
Tioga  county,  Pa.  Since  1869  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Elmira,  Pa.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Pennsylvania  assembly  in 
1877;  for  several  years  was  city  attorney 
of  Elmira;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress  as  a  democrat.  He  was 
the  only  member  from  his  state  who  voted 
in  behalf  of  the  free  coinage  of  silver.  In 
1896  he  presided  at  the  New  York  state 
democratic  convention. 

ROCKWELL,  JOEL  EDSON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  May  4,  1816,  in 
Salisbury,  Vt.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  of  Stapleton,  Staten  Island;  and 
the  author  of  Sketches  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church;  The  Young  Christian  Warned; 
Scenes  and  Impressions  Abroad;  My 
Sheet  Anchor;  and  Seed  Thoughts.  He 
died  July  29,  1882,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

ROCKWELL,  JOHN  ARNOLD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1803,  in 
Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  twice  elected  to 
the  Connecticut  state  senate;  and  was  at 
one  time  judge  of  the  county  court  for 
New  London  county.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Connecticut  from 
1845  to  1849.  He  was  the  author  of  Span 
ish  and  American  Law  in  Relation  to 
Mines  and  Titles  to  Real  Estate.  He  died 
Feb.  10,  1861,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

ROCKWELL,  JULIUS,  journalist,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  26, 
1805,  "in  Colebrook,  Conn.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1847  to  1851; 
and  was  a  United  States  senator  during 
1853-55.  He  died  May  19,  1888,  in  Lenox, 
Mass. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


799 


ROCKWOOD,  CHARLES  GREENE, 
banker,  was  born  July  19,  1814,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  For  the  past  forty  years  he  has 
been  cashier  and  then  president  of  the 
National  Newark  Banking  company  of 
Newark,  N.  J. 

ROCKWOOD, CHARLES  GREENE,  JR., 
mathematician,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1843, 
in  New  York  city.  He  has  filled  the 
chair  of  mathematics  in  Bowdoin  col 
lege,  Rutgers  college,  and  since  1877  in 
the  Princeton  university. 

ROCKWOOD,  GEORGE  GARDNER, 
journalist,  photographer,  author,  was  born 
April  12,  1832,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  was 
managing  editor  of  the  Troy  Daily  Post, 
Troy,  N.  Y.  He  became  interested  in 
photography  in  1855;  was  the  first  to 
make  the  carte  de  visite  photograph  in 
this  country.  He  is  the  author  of  the  sci 
entific  hoax,  Brain  Pictures,  which  ap 
peared  in  a  New  York  paper  in  1887. 

RODDEY,  PHILIP  DALE,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1818  in  North  Carolina.  He  or 
ganized  a  company  of  scouts  early  in  1861 
for  the  confederate  service,  and  subse 
quently  a  brigade,  and  was  commissioned 
brigadier-general  in  1863. 

RODENBOUGH,  THEOPHILUS  FRAN 
CIS,  soldier,  author,  was  born  Nov.  5, 1838, 
in  Easton,  Pa.  He  is  a  federal  army  offi 
cer,  assistant  inspector-general  of  New 
York  state  in  1880-83;  and  the  author  of 
From  Everglade  to  Canon  with  the  Sec 
ond  United  States  Cavalry;  Afghanistan 
and  the  Anglo-Russian  Dispute;  and  Un 
cle  Sam's  Medal  of  Honor. 

RODES,  ROBERT  EMMETT,  soldier, 
was  born  March  29,  1826,  in  Lynchburg, 
Va.  He  served  in  the  confederate  army 
during  the  civil  war;  attaining  the  rank 
of  major-general.  He  died  Sept.  19,  1864, 
in  Winchester,  Va. 

RODGERS,  CHRISTOPHER  RAYMOND 
PERRY,  naval  officer,  was  born  Nov. 
14,  1819,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  served 
in  the  United  States  navy;  and  in  1874 
was  commissioned  rear  admiral.  He  died 
Jan.  8,  1892,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

RODGERS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1787,  in 
Harford  county,  Md.  He  entered  the  navy 
as  midshipman  in  1804,  was  commissioned 
lieutenant  in  1810.  He  was  commissioned 
captain  in  1825;  and  at  his  death  was 
commodore  commanding  the  Brazil 
squadron.  He  died  May  21,  1832,  in  South 
America. 

RODGERS,  JOHN,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Aug.  8,  1812,  in  Harford  county,  Md. 
He  served  in  the  United  States  navy  dur 
ing  the  civil  war,  attaining  the  rank  of 
rear  admiral.  He  died  May  5,  1882,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

RODGERS,  ROBERT  L.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  July  14,  1847,  in  San- 
dersville,  Ga.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in 
the  common  schools; 
attended  Washing 
ton  institute  in  I860; 
the  Milledgeville 
academy  in  1861-62; 
in  1863  he  entered 
as  a  cadet  in  the 
Georgia  Military  in 
stitute;  and  in  May, 
1864,  entered  the 
confederate  army 
and  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war. 
During  1869-73  and  1892-94  he  was  a  jus 
tice  of  the  peace;  in  1873-75  was  master 
of  Sandersville  grange;  and  at  the  same 
time  was  district  lecturer  of  the  Patrons 
of  Husbandry.  In  1873-74  he  was  editor 


of  The  Sandersville  Herald;  in  1876  was 
county  attorney;  and  during  1877-80  he 
was  judge  of  the  county  court.  In  1876- 
78  he  was  captain  of  the  Washington 
rifles;  and  since  1888  has  been  historian 
of  Atlanta  camp  Confederate  Veterans.  He 
now  practices  law  in  Atlanta,  Ga.;  and  is 
known  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of 
the  South. 

RODGERS,  SAMUEL  ANDREW,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  March  5,  1830,  in 
Knox  county,  Tenn.  In  1878  he  was  elect 
ed  from  Loudon,  Tenn.,  judge  of  the  third 
judicial  circuit  court,  and  served  for  three 
successive  terms  of  eight  years  each. 

RODMAN,  ISAAC  PEACE,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Aug.  18,  1822,  in  South  Kingston,  R.  I. 
He  sat  in  both  houses  of  the  Rhode  Is 
land  legislature  for  several  terms.  He 
was  made  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  fourth 
Rhode  Island  volunteers  in  1861,  and  soon 
afterward  was  commissioned  as  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers. ,  He  died  Sept.  30, 
1862,  in  Sharpsburg,  Md. 

RODMAN,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  sol 
dier,  inventor,  author,  was  born  July  30, 
1815,  in  Salem,  Ind.  He  was  an  army  offi 
cer,  brevetted  brigadier-general  in  1865. 
He  invented  the  method  of  hollow  casting; 
and  was  the  author  of  Report  of  Experi 
ments  on  Metals  for  Cannon  and  Cannon 
Powder.  He  died  June  7,  1871,  in  Rock  Is 
land,  111. 

RODMAN,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  7, 
1757,  in  Bensalem,  Pa.  He  was  for  many 
years  in  the  legislature  of  his  native 
state;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1811  to  1813.  He  died  July  27, 
1824,  in  Bensalem,  Pa. 

RODNEY,  C.^SAR,  signer  of  the  decla 
ration  of  independence,  was  born  Oct.  7, 
1728,  in  Do\er,  Del.  He  was  high  sheriff, 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  a  judge  in  his  na 
tive  county;  and  in  1762  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature,  serving  several 
years,  and  as  speaker  in  1769.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  New  York  congress  in 
1765;  and  was  a  delegate  from  Delaware 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1774  to 
1778,  and  in  1783.  He  was  a  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence;  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Delaware;  also  served  for  a  time  as  gen 
eral  of  militia;  and  was  president  of  the 
state  of  Delaware.  He  died  June  29,  1784, 
in  Dover,  Del. 

RODNEY,  CAESAR  AUGUSTUS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  author,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1772,  in 
Dover,  Del.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Delaware  from  1803  to  1805. 
He  was  appointed  attorney-general  of  the 
United  States  by  President  Jefferson.  He 
was  again  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Delaware  from  1819  to  1821;  and 
was  a  senator  of  the  United  States  from 
1821  to  1823,  in  which  year  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  minister  to  Buenos 
Ayres.  He  was  the  author  of  Reports  on 
the  Present  State  of  the  United  Provinces 
of  South  America.  He  died  June  10,  1824, 
in  Buenos  Ayres. 

RODNEY,  CALEB,  governor.  He  was 
acting  governor  of  Delaware  in  1822  and 
1823  to  fill'  a  vacancy. 

RODNEY,  DANIEL,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1764  in  Delaware.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1809;  and  was  governor  of  Del 
aware  from  1814  to  1817.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  the  state  of 
Delaware  from  1822  to  1823;  and  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  1826  to  1827.  He 
died  Sept.  2,  1846,  in  Delaware. 


RODNEY,  GEORGE  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Delaware.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  his  native  state 
from  1841  to  1845;  and  was  a  delegate  in 
1861  to  the  peace  congress  of  Washington. 

RODNEY,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  June  4,  1744,  in 
Sussex  county,  Del.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  Delaware  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1781  to  1783,  and  from  17S5  to 
1787.  In  1803  he  was  appointed  United 
States  judge  for  the  territory  of  Missis 
sippi.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1811,  in  Rodney, 
Miss. 

ROE,  ALFRED  SEELYE,  educator,  leg 
islator,  author,  was  born  June  8,  1844,  in 
Rose,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  a  soldier  dur 
ing  the  civil  war;  and  during  1892-97  was 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  leg 
islature.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
books  and  pamphlets  on  educational,  mil 
itary  and  historical  subjects. 

ROE,  AZEL  STEVENS,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  16,  1798,  in  New  York  city. 
He-  was  a  once  popular  novelist  who  was 
for  many  years  a  wine  merchant  of  New 
York  city.  He  was  the  author  of  True  to 
the  Last;  A  Long  Look  Ahead;  Time  and 
Tide;  To  Love  and  To  Be  Loved;  James 
Montjoy;  True  Love  Rewarded;  How 
Could  He  Help  It?;  Looking  Around;  Wo 
man  Our  Angel;  and  The  Cloud  in  the 
Heart.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1886,  in  East 
Windsor  Hill,  Conn. 

ROE,  EDWARD  PAYSON,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  March  7,  1838,  in  New 
Windsor,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  who  retired  from  the  ministry, 
and,  living  at  Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, 
devoted  himself  to  novel-writing.  Bar 
riers  Burned  Away;  Opening  a  Chestnut 
Burr;  A  Face  Illumined;  His  Sombre 
Rivals;  What  Can  She  Do?;  Near  to  Na 
ture's  Heart;  From  Jest  to  Earnest;  A 
Knight  of  the  Nineteenth  Century;  A  Day 
of  Fate;  Without  a  Home;  A  Young  Girl's 
Wooing;  An  Original  Belle;  Driven  Back 
to  Eden;  Nature's  Serial  Story;  The 
Earth  Trembled;  Miss  Lou;  Taken  Alive, 
and  Other  Stories.  He  also  published  two 
horticultural  books,  The  Home  Acre;  and 
Success  with  Small  Fruits.  He  died  July 
19,  1888,  in  Cornwall,  N.  Y. 

ROE,  EDWARD  REYNOLDS,  author. 
He  is  a  novelist  of  Chicago;  and  ihe  au 
thor  of  Brought  to  Bay;  The  Grey  and 
the  Blue;  God  Reigns:  Lay  Sermons; 
From  the  Beaten  Path;  and  May  and 
June. 

ROE,  FRANCIS  A.,  rear-admiral,  was 
born  Oct.  4,  1823,  in  Elmira,  N.  Y.  He 
served  in  the  navy  during  the  Mexican 
and  civil  wars;  was  commander  of  several 
United  States  battleships,  and  fought  a 
fleet  of  pirate  war  junks  in  China  in  1853. 
During  his  service  in  the  United  States 
navy  he  was  promoted  from  midshipman 
to  rear-admiral. 

ROE,  HARRE  ALLAN,  poet,  was  born 
April  8,  I860,  in  Havana,  Cuba.  In  1873 
he  moved  to  Bloomington,  111.;  thence  to 
Franklin  Grove.  His  poems  have  ap 
peared  in  the  Detroit  Free  Press  and  other 
papers,  and  in  several  standard  works. 

ROE,  J.  E.,  author.  He  is  the  author 
of  Bacon's  Drama  of  the  DeFoe  Period, 
and  other  works. 

ROEBLING,  JOHN  AUGUSTUS,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  June  12,  1806, 
in  Prussia.  He  was  a  civil  engineer  of 
note  who  built  the  suspension  bridge 
across  the  Ohio  between  Cincinnati  and 
Covington,  and  was  the  designer  of  the 
Brooklyn  bridge;  and  the  author  of  Long 
and  Short  Span  Railway  Bridges.  He  died 
July  22,  1869,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


800 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


HOBBLING,  WASHINGTON  AUGUS 
TUS,  soldier,  engineer,  author,  was  born 
May  26,  1837,  in  Saxonburg,  Pa.  A  sus 
pension  bridge  was  built  over  the  Poto 
mac  at  Harper's  Ferry  by  him  and  many 
balloon  ascensions  were  made  for  recon- 
noitering  purposes  and  it  was  during  one 
of  these  that  he  became  the  first  to  dis 
cover  General  Lee's  army  in  motion  for 
the  march  into  Pennsylvania.  Resigning 
In  1865  he  took  almost  entire  charge  of 
building  the  suspension  bridge  in  Cincin 
nati.  Then  came  the  Brooklyn  bridge 
project,  greatest  work  of  all,  undertaken 
first  by  his  father.  He  is  the  author  of 
Military  Suspension  Bridges. 

ROEHR,  JULIUS  EDWARD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  In  1892  he  was  elected  a  state 
senator  for  four  years  to  the  Wisconsin 
legislature.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  and 
jurist  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

ROELKER,  BERNARD,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  April  24,  1816,  in  Germany.  In 
185G  he  remo\ed  to  the  city  of  New  York, 
and  entered  the  firm  of  Laur  and  Roelker. 
He  soon  established  a  large  practice 
among  the  Germans.  He  published  Con 
stitutions  of  France;  Argument  in  Favor 
of  the  Constitutionality  of  the  Legal-Ten 
der  Clause  in  the  Act  of  Congress,  Feb.  25, 
1862;  and  Manual  for  the  Use  of  Notaries 
Public  and  Bankers.  He  also  translated 
from  the  Swedish  The  Magic  Goblet,  a 
novel  and  made  a  German  adaptation  of 
Cushi'ng's  Manual  of  Parliamentary  Prac 
tice.  He  died  March  5,  1888,  in  New  York 
city. 

ROEMER.  JEAN,  educator,  college  pres 
ident,  author,  was  born  about  1815  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  an  educator  of  New  York 
city,  vice-president  of  the  college  of  the 
city  of  New  York  from  1869;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Dictionary  of  English-French  Id 
ioms;  Polyglot  Readers;  Cavalry;  Prin 
ciples  of  General  Grammar;  Cours  de  lec 
ture  et  de  traduction;  Origins  of  the  Kng- 
lish  People  and  Language;  and  Left  in  the 
Wilderness.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1892.  in 
Lenox,  Mass. 

ROGDE,  PETER  JACOB,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  4,  1864,  in  Lee  county,  111.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Northwest 
ern  university  at  Naperville,  111.;  the  Lu 
ther  college  of  Decorah,  Iowa;  and  the 
law  department  of  the  university  of  Iowa. 
He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Sioux  Falls, 
S.  D.;  has  been  state's  attorney  of  his 
county;  and  takes  an  active  part  in  pub 
lic  affairs. 

ROGE,  MRS.  CHARLOTTE  FISKE 
[BATES],  educator,  poet,  was  born  in 
1838  in  New  York.  She  is  an  educator  and 
\erse-writer  of  Cambridge  and  New  York 
city  who  has  written  Risk,  and  Other  Po 
ems,  and  edited  The  Cambridge  Book  of 
Poetry  and  other  works. 

ROGERS,  ANDREW  J.,  educator,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  July  1,  1828, 
in  Hamburg,  N.  J.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

ROGERS,  ANNA  M.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  In  1847  in  Canada.  She  re 
ceived  her  education  in  private  semina 
ries,  and  has  attained  success  in  educa 
tional  work.  For  many  years  she  has 
taught  French  in  the  public  schools  of 
San  Francisco;  and  is  the  author  of  a 
Volume  of  poems. 

ROGERS,  ANTHONY  A.  C.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1821,  in 
Snmner  county,  Tenn.  He  was  elected  a 
represr ntative  from  Arkansas  to  the  for 
ty-first  congress. 


ROGERS.  ASA,  soldier,  civil  engineer, 
legislator,  politician,  was  born  Aug.  20, 
1836,  in  Oakham,  Va.  He  was  a  civil  en 
gineer  up  to  April,  1861,  when  he  entered 
the  confederate  service  as  a  lieutenant  in 
the  first  Virginia  cavalry;  was  promoted 
to  captain  after  the  battles  around  Rich 
mond  in  1862;  and  served  till  the  sur 
render  at  Appomattox.  He  then  again 
took  up  engineering,  and  was  elected  rail 
road  commissioner  in  1880.  In  1884  he 
was  elected  to  the  Virginia  state  senate; 
and  in  1885  was  appointed  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue  by  President  Arthur.  For 
seventeen  years  he  has  been  secretary  of 
the  republican  state  committee  of  Vir 
ginia. 

ROGERS,  B.  F..  clergyman,  poet.  He  is 
an  eminent  clergyman  in  the  congrega 
tional  church  of  Ft.  Atkinson,  Wis.;  and 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

ROGERS,  BARTON,  educator,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  July  23,  1831,  in 
Piermont,  N.  H.  For  three  years  he  was 
chaplain  of  the  fifteenth  Illinois  infantry 
during  the  civil  war.  He  is  a  universalist 
clergyman  and  well-known  in  his  denom 
ination  as  an  organizer  and  builder  of 
churches. 

ROGERS,  CHARLES,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
sened  in  the  assembly  of  New  York  from 
Washington  county  in  1833  and  1837;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  1843 
to  1845. 

ROGERS,  DANIEL,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  years 
1797  and  1798. 

ROGERS,  DENNIS  LUCRETIUS,  law 
yer,  was  born  July  26,  1850,  in  Grand  Rap 
ids,  Mich.  He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
city;  and  attended  the  Michigan  state 
university.  He  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  in  his  native  city;  is 
captain  of  the  second  regiment  of  the 
Michigan  national  guard;  and  is  promi 
nent  in  public  affairs. 

ROGERS.  EBENEZER  PLATT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1817,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1862  he  accepted  the 
charge  of  the  South  Reformed  church  in 
New  York  city,  where  he  continued  until 
a  few  months  before  his  death.  He  was 
the  author  of  Earnest  Words  to  Young 
Men  in  a  Series  of  Discourses;  and  His 
torical  Discourse  on  the  Reformed  Pro 
testant  Dutch  Church  of  Albany.  He  died 
Oct.  23,  1881,  in  Montclair,  N.  J. 

ROGERS.  EDWARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1780  in  Con 
necticut.  He  was  for  many  years  county 
judge  of  Madison  county,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  representathe  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1843  to  1845.  He  died  May  23, 
1857,  in  Galway,  N.  Y. 

ROGERS.  FAIRMAN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1833,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  professor  of  civil  engineer 
ing  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1855-70;  and  the  author  of  The  Magnetism 
of  Iron  Vessels. 

ROGERS,  FRANKLIN  WHITING,  art 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1854,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  has  devoted  himself  especially 
to  the  painting  of  dogs.  Among  his  works 
are  The  Two  Friends;  Steady;  Resigna 
tion;  Loo;  and  Mischief. 

ROGERS,  HENRY  DARWIN,  educator, 
geologist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1808, 
iii  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  noted  geol 
ogist  who  was  professor  in  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1835-46,  and  held  the 
chiiir  of  natural  history  in  the  Scottish 
university  of  Glasgow  from  1857  till  his 
death.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Geology 


of  Pennsylvania;  and  Geological  Map  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  died  May  29,  1866,  near 
Glasgow,  Scotland. 

ROGERS,  HENRY  J..  inventor,  was 
born  in  1811  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  de 
vised  the  code  of  signals  by  means  of  flags 
that  is  known  by  his  name,  which  was. 
adopted  by  the  United  States  navy  in 
1846  and  modified  in  1861.  He  also  de 
vised  a  code  of  signals  by  means  of  col 
ored  lights,  which  was  the  first  pyrotech 
nic  system  invented.  He  died  Aug.  20, 
1879,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

ROGERS,  HENRY  WADE,  lawyer,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Oct.  10, 
1853,  in  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.  Since  1890 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Northwestern 
university  of  Evanston  and  Chicago.  He 
has  written  a  law  treatise  on  Expert  Tes 
timony;  compiled  the  Illinois  Citations; 
and  contributed  to  Forum,  the  North 
American  Review,  and  other  publications. 

ROGERS,  HORATIO,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  18,  1836,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  is  a  Providence  jurist  who 
has  published  The  Private  Libraries  of 
Providence;  Mary  Dyer  of  Rhode  Island, 
the  Quaker  Martyr;  and  edited  Hadden's. 
Journal  and  Orderly  Books. 

ROGERS,  J.  H.,  musician,  composer, 
was  born  in  Germany.  He  is  a  successful 
musician  of  Cleveland,  Ohio;  and  the 
author  of  a  number  of  songs  and  compo 
sitions. 

ROGERS,  JAMES,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  South  Carolina.  -He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1835  to  1837,  and  again  from  1839  to 
1843. 

ROGERS,  JAMES  HARRIS,  electrician, 
inventor,  was  born  July  13,  1850,  in  Frank 
lin,  Tenn.  In  1877  he  was  appointed 
electrician  at  the  United  States  capitol  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  he  continued  in 
that  office  until  1883.  He  was  the  inventor 
of  the  secret  telephone  that  was  sold  in 
New  York  for  |80,000,  also  of  the  national 
impro\ed  telephone,  and  of  the  pan-elec 
tric  system.  He  has  lately  devised  what 
he  calls  visual  synchronism. 

ROGERS,  JAMES  WEBB,  soldier,  cler 
gyman,  lawyer,  author,  poet,  was  born 
July  11,  1822,  in  Hillsborough,  N.  C.  He 
is  a  writer  who  in  early  lite  was  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  in  Tennessee,  and  during 
the  civil  war  a  confederate  officer.  He 
became  a  Roman  catholic  in  lb?8  and  set 
tled  in  Washington  as  a  lawyer.  He  is 
the  author  of  Lafitte,  or  the  Greek  Slave; 
Arlington,  and  Other  Poems;  and  Parthe 
non. 

ROGERS,  JOHN,  college  president,  was 
born  in  January  in  1631   in  England.     In  ( 
1682  he  was  elected  president  of  Harvard 
college,  resigning  in  1684.     He  died  July 
2,  1684,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

ROGERS,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  continen 
tal  congress  from  1775  to  1776;  and  was 
chancellor  of  the  state.  He  died  in  1789 
in  Annapolis,  Md. 

ROGERS,  JOHN,  merchant,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  May  9,  1813, 
in  Caldwell,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  from 
New  York  to  the  forty-second  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

ROGERS,  JOHN,  sculptor,  was  born 
Oct.  30,  1829,  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  is  mod 
eler  of  the  famed  Rogers'  groups,  which 
he  began  as  illustrations  of  the  civil  war. 

ROGERS,  JOHN  C.,  physician,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  March  26,  1835,  in  Ireland. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the 
army  as  assistant  surgeon,  and  has  prac 
ticed  medicine  in  Pembroke,  Maine,  since 
1866.  In  1890  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  of  Maine. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


801 


ROGERS,  JOHN  HENRY,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  9. 
1845,  in  Bertie  county,  N.  C.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army  from  March,  1862, 
to  the  close  of  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank 
of  first  lieutenant.  In  1877  he  was  elected 
circuit  judge,  and  was  re-elected  in  1878. 
He  resigned  in  1882,  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Arkansas  to  the  for 
ty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  and  fifty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat.  In  1896  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  western  district  of  Arkansas. 

ROGERS,  JOHN  R.,  merchant,  journal 
ist,   governor,   author,   was   born  Sept.   4, 
1838,  in  Brunswick,  Maine.     He  was  edu 
cated    in    his    native 
town,      learned     the 
drug       business       in 
Boston  and  followed 
it  for  some  years  in 
Mississippi  and 

Maine.  He  engaged 
in  farming  in  Iowa 
and  Kansas,  and 
held  several  public 
offices  in  the  latter 
state,  serving  as  a 
commissioner  of  Har 
vey  county  for  some 
years.  He  established  and  was  editor  for 
three  years  of  the  Kansas  Commoner,  now 
published  at  Wichita.  He  came  to  Wash 
ington  in  1890,  locating  at  Puyallup,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  fourth  legislature  as  a  represen 
tative  from  Pierce  county,  and  took  a  very 
active  interest  in  legislation  pertaining  to 
education,  coal  mining  and  taxation.  In 
1896  he  was  elected  governor  of  Washing 
ton.  He  was  the  author  of  the  measure 
familiarly  known  as  the  barefoot  school 
boy  law,  and  it  was  due  chiefly  to  his 
energetic  efforts  that  the  bill  was  enacted 
after  a  memorable  contest. 

ROGERS,  MINA  L.,  poet,  was  born  Sept. 
22,  1840,  in  Franklin  county,  Mo.  She  has 
written  both  prose  and  verse  for  the  pe 
riodical  press;  and  her  poems  appear  in 
Poets  of  America,  Woman  in  Sacred  Song, 
and  other  standard  works. 

ROGERS,  NATHANIEL  PEABODY, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  June  3,  1794, 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  established  at 
Concord,  N.  H.,  the  Herald  of  Freedom  in 
1838,  one  of  the  pioneer  anti-slavery  pa 
pers  in  the  United  States.  He  wrote  for 
the  New  York  Tribune  over  the  signature 
The  Old  Man  of  the  Mountains.  He  died 
Oct.  18,  1846,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

ROGERS,  NINA  MANDEVILLE,  educa 
tor,  poet,  was  born  April  17,  1842,  in  Nat 
chez,  Miss.  She  has  attained  a  favorable 
reputation  as  a  poet  of  the  south,  espec 
ially  in  the  state  of  South  Carolina.  For 
many  years  she  has  been  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work,  and  resides  in  Florence, 
S.  C.  / 

ROGERS,  ORVILLE  D.(  poet,  was  born 
in  1867  in  Marietta,  Iowa.  He  has  been 
editor  of  the  Brooklyne  Blade  of  Denver, 
Col.;  and  has  filled  several  public  posi 
tions  in  Kit  Carson  county,  Col.  He  has 
contributed  extensively  both  prose  and 
verse  to  the  periodical  press;  and  his 
poems  have  been  a  valuable  acquisition 
to  current  literature. 

ROGERS,  RANDOLPH,  sculptor,  was 
born  July  6,  1825,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  He 
opened  a  studio  in  New  York,  where  he 
remained  until  1855.  Among  his  earlier 
works  are  Ruth,  an  ideal  bust;  Nydia; 
Boy  Skating;  Isaac,  full-length;  and  the 
statue  of  John  Adams,  in  Mt.  Auburn  cem 
etery.  One  of  his  best-known  works,  the 
bas-reliefs  on  the  doors  of  the  capitol  at 
Washington,  representing  scenes  in  the 

51 


life  of  Columbus,  was  designed  in  1858, 
and  cast  in  bronze  at  Munich.  In  1861  he 
completed  the  Washington  monument  at 
Richmond,  which  had  been  left  unfinished 
by  Thomas  Crawford. 

ROGERS,  ROBERT  CAMERON,  litter 
ateur,  author,  was  born  in  1862  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  litterateur  of  Buffalo;  and 
the  author  of  The  Wind  in  the  Clearing, 
and  Other  Poems;  Will  of  the  Wasp,  a 
yarn  of  the  War  of  1812;  and  Old  Dorset, 
a  collection  of  short  stories. 

ROGERS,  ROBERT  WILLIAM,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1864  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  methodist  clergy 
man  and  educator,  professor  of  Hebrew 
in  Drew  Theological  seminary,  Madison, 
N.  J.,  from  1893;  and  the  author  of  Two 
Texts  of  Esarhaddon;  Unpublished  In 
scriptions  of  Esarhaddon;  and  The  In 
scriptions  of  Sennacherib. 

ROGERS,  SHERMAN  SKINNER,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  April  16,  1830,  in 
Bath,  N.  Y.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  where  he  has 
practiced  his  profession  since  1854.  In 
1873  he  was  a  member  of  the  constitution 
al  commission  of  New  York;  in  1875-76 
was  a  senator  in  the  New  York  state  leg 
islature;  and  during  1884-87  was  one  of 
the  first  commissioners  of  the  Niagara 
Falls  state  reservation.  Since  1881  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Reform  association 
of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.;  and  has  always  been 
acthe  in  public  affairs  pertaining  to  the 
material  interests  of  his  adopted  city. 

ROGERS,  SION  H.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1825,  in 
Wake  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  to 
the  thirty-third  congress;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature  of  North  Carolina  in 
1860.  He  served  in  the  confederate  army 
as  colonel  of  the  forty-seventh  North 
Carolina  regiment.  He  was  attorney-gen 
eral  of  North  Carolina  from  1862  to  1868; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

ROGERS,  THOMAS  J.,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  in  1781  in 
Ireland.  He  was  the  author  of  biographi 
cal  dictionaries  of  revolutionary  worthies; 
edited  a  political  paper;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1818  to  1824.  He  died  Dec.  7,  1832,  in 
New  York  city. 

ROGERS,  WILLIAM,  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  born  July  22,  1751,  in  Newport, 
R.  I.  In  1789  he  was  chosen  professor  of 
oratory  and  English  literature  in  the  col 
lege  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  1792  to  the 
same  post  in  its  successor,  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania,  which  place  he  resigned 
in  1811.  He  died  April  7,  1824,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

ROGERS,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  as 
tronomer,  educator,  was  born  Nov.  13, 
1832,  in  Waterford,  Conn.  The  observa 
tory  at  Alfred  was  built  and  equipped 
by  him.  In  1870  he  was  appointed  assis 
tant  in  the  Harvard  observatory,  and  he 
became  in  1877  assistant  professor  of  as 
tronomy.  In  1886  he  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  astronomy  and  physics  at  Colby 
university. 

ROGERS,  WILLIAM  BARTON,  scien 
tist,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  7,  1804,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
an  eminent  scientist  of  Boston,  the  found 
er  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech 
nology  in  1862,  and  its  president  in  1862- 
70,  and  again  in  1878-81.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Geology  of  the  Virginias; 
Elements  of  Mechanical  Philosophy;  and 
The  Strength  of  Materials.  He  died  May 
30,  1882,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ROGERS,  WILLIAM  F.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  1.  1820,  in 
Northampton  county,  Pa.  In  1864  he  was 


appointed  provost  marshal  of  the  thirtieth 
district  of  New  York.  He  was  elected 
comptroller  of  the  city  of  Buffalo  in  1866, 
and  mayor  in  1868.  He  was  appointed 
major-general  of  the  fourth  division  na 
tional  guard;  and  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  York  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress. 

ROHDE,  JOHN  MARTIN,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1852, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  graduated  from  the 
Central  Wesleyan 
college  of  Warren- 
ton,  Mo.,  and  imme 
diately  began  educa 
tional  work.  In  1881 
he  entered  the  St. 
Louis  German  Meth 
odist  Episcopal  con 
ference,  and  has  filled 
pastorates  in  Mount 
Vernon,  Bland,  Mor 
rison,  Pinckney,  and 
Steinhagen,  Mo.  He 
is  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  Central  Wesleyan 
college;  and  the  author  of  The  Joy  of 
Prayer,  a  work  on  de\  otion,  now  in  its 
third  edition. 

ROHE,  GEORGE  HENRY,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1851,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  is  a  successful  physician  of 
Baltimore,  Md.;  and  author  of  Textbook 
of  Hygiene;  Manual  of  Skin  Diseases; 
and  Annual,  Universal  and  Medical  Sci 
ences. 

ROHLFS,  MRS.  ANNA  KATHARINE 
[GREEN],  author,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1846, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  very  popu 
lar  novelist  of  Buffalo  whose  detective  ro 
mances  display  much  inventive  skill.  She 
is  the  author  of  The  Sword  of  Damocles; 
The  Leavenworth  Case;  A  Strange  Dis 
appearance;  Hand  and  Ring;  The  Mill 
Mystery;  Behind  Closed  Doors;  Cynthia 
Wakeham's  Money;  Marked  Personal; 
Miss  Hurd;  An  Enigma;  Dr.  Izard;  Old 
Stone  House,  and  Other  Stories;  7  to  12; 
X,  Y,  Z;  The  Doctor,  His  Wife,  and  the 
Clock;  That  Affair  Next  Door;  Risifi's 
Daughter,  a  Drama;  and  The  Defense  of 
the  Bride,  and  Other  Poems. 

ROHRBACHER,  PHILLIPP,  engineer, 
business  man,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1838,  in 
Germany.  In  1853  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  California,  and  became  chief  engineer 
of  the  Stockton  fire  department.  He  was 
the  president  of  the  United  States  Brew 
ing  company  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and 
president  of  the  Royal  Eagle  Distilleries 
company  of  San  Francisco  and  Owens- 
boro,  Ky.  He  was  supreme  arch  of  the 
United  States  United  Ancient  Order  of 
Druids  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  on  April  25,  1897,  in  San  Fran 
cisco,  Cal. 

ROLFE,  JOHN  CAREW,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1859  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  professor  of  Latin  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Michigan;  and  the  author  of  Heau- 
tcn  Timorumenos  of  Terence. 

ROLFE,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  scholar, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1827, 
in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  is  a  distin 
guished  Shakespearean  scholar  and  edu 
cator  of  Cambridge.  He  has  published 
Shakespeare  the  Boy;  two  annotated  edi 
tions  of  Shakespeare,  the  Friendly  Edi 
tion  in  twenty  volumes,  and  a' School  Edi 
tion  in  forty  volumes;  and  a  series  of 
annotated  editions  of  selections  from 
Tennyson,  Browning,  Wordsworth,  Gray, 
Goldsmith,  Scott,  and  other  English  poets. 
He  has  also  edited  Craik's  English  of 
Shakespeare;  and  is  co-author  with  J.  H. 
Hanson  of  several  classical  text-books, 
and  with  J.  A.  Gillet  of  The  Cambridge 
Physics. 


802 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ROLLINS,  MRS.  ALICE  MARLAND 
[WELLINGTON],  author,  poet,  was  born 
June  12,  1847,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  is  a 
writer  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  My  Welcome  Beyond,  and  Other  Po 
ems;  The  Ring  of  Amethyst,  and  Other 
Poems;  The  Story  of  a  Ranch;  All  Sorts 
of  Children;  The  Three  Tetons;  From 
Palm  to  Glacier;  and  Uncle  Tom's  Tene 
ment,  a  study  of  New  York  tenement- 
house  life. 

ROLLINS,  MRS.  CLARA  [SHER 
WOOD],  author,  was  born  in  1868  in  Mis 
souri.  She  is  a  Boston  writer  of  short 
stories;  and  the  author  of  A  Burne  Jones 
Head;  and  Threads  of  Life. 

ROLLINS,  DANIEL  G.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Oct.  18,  1842,  in  Great  Falls,  N.  H. 
He  was  assistant  United  States  attorney 
for  the  southern  district  of  New  York  in 
1866-69;  assistant  district  attorney  of 
New  York  county  in  1873-80;  then  dis 
trict  attorney  till  1882,  and  then  surrogate 
of  the  county  till  1888. 

ROLLINS,  EDWARD  HENRY,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1824,  in  Rollinford, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Hampshire  state  legislature  in  1855-57, 
serving  as  speaker  during  the  last  two 
years.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  Hampshire  to  the  thirty-sev 
enth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-eighth  and  thirty-ninth  congresses. 
He  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Union  Pa 
cific  Railroad  company  in  1869,  and  treas 
urer  in  1871.  He  resigned  those  positions 
when  elected  a  United  States  senator  from 
New  Hampshire  for  the  term  of  six  years 
from  March  4.  1877.  His  portrait  hangs 
in  the  new  library  building  of  the  state 
oapitol.  He  died  July  31,  1889,  on  the  Isle 
of  Shoals,  N.  H. 

ROLLINS,  MRS.  ELLEN  CHAPMAN 
[HOBBS],  author,  was  born  April  30,  1831, 
in  Wakefield,  N.  H.  She  was  a  writer  of 
Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  New 
England  Bygones;  and  Old-Time  Child- 
life.  She  died  May  29,  1881,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

ROLLINS,  FRANK  WEST,  legislator, 
was  born  Feb.  24,  1860,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 
He  served  with  distinction  in  the  New 
Hampshire  state  senate  in  1895;  and  was 
made  president  of  that  body.  He  still  re 
sides  in  the  place  of  his  nativity;  and  his 
portrait  hangs  in  the  new  library  building 
of  the  state  capitol. 

ROLLINS,  JAMES  SIDNEY,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  19,  1812,  in  Richmond,  Ky.  In  1838 
he  was  elected  to  the  Missouri  state-  leg 
islature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1840  and 
1842.  In  1846  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate,  serving  four  years;  and  in  1854 
was  again  elected  to  the  legislature.  In 
1860  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress; 
and  in  1862  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress.  He  died  Nov.  9,  1888, 
near  Columbia,  Mo. 

ROLLINS,  NATHANIEL,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  29,  1832, 
in  St.  Albans,  Maine.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  common  schools  and  at. 
Hartland  academy.  During  the  civil  war 
he  was  a  captain  in  the  second  regiment 
Wisconsin  voJunteer  infantry.  In  1885  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Colorado  legisla 
ture;  and  has  attained  prominence  in  that 
state  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Leadville.  In 
1894  he  was  elected  department  com 
mander,  department  of  Colorado  and  Wy 
oming,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  Dur 
ing  his  term  of  office  the  strike  and  serious 
riots  of  Cripple  Creek  occurred;  he  Im 
mediately  issued  a  circular  letter,  which 


was  instrumental  in  restraining  old  sol 
diers  from  taking  sides  with  the  lawless 
element;  and  his  services  called  forth  a 
letter  of  approval  from  General  Nelson  A. 
Miles. 

ROMAIN,  ARMAND,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Feb.  22,  1871,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  After  receiving  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools,  he  at 
tended  the  Tulane  university  of  Louis 
iana.  He  has  attained  success  as  an  emi 
nent  lawyer  of  his  native  city;  has  been 
the  republican  candidate  for  congress; 
and  in  1896  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate  of  Louisiana. 

ROMAN,  ALFRED,  soldier,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  author,  was  born  in  1824  in  St. 
James'  Parish,  La.  In  1880  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  criminal  court  of  New 
Orleans  for  a  term  of  eight  years.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Military  Operations  of 
General  Beauregard.  He  died  Sept.  20, 
1892,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

ROMAN,  ANDREW  BIENVENU,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  March  5,  1795,  in  Ope- 
lousas.  In  1818  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Louisiana  house  of  representatives;  was 
several  times  re-elected;  and  for  four 
years  was  speaker.  He  became  parish 
judge,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
governor  in  1831;  and  was  again  elected 
to  that  office  in  1838.  He  died  Jan.  26, 
1866,  after  ha\  ing  served  Louisiana  during 
years  of  sorrow  and  trial. 

ROMAN,  J.  DIXON,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1847  to  1849;  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  peace  congress  of  1861.  He 
died  Jan.  19,  1867,  in  Maryland. 

ROMANS,  BERNARD,  engineer,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1720  in  Holland. 
He  served  in  the  revolutionary  war  as 
engineer,  and  is  the  author  of  Concise 
Natural  History  of  East  and  West  Flori 
da;  and  also  a  Map  of  the  Seat  of  the 
War. 

ROMEIS,  JACOB,  business  man,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1835.  in  Ger 
many.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  board  of  aldermen  of  Toledo,  Ohio, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1876.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  the  board  in  1877;  and  in  1879 
was  elected  mayor  of  the  city,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1881  and  1883.  In  1884  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

ROMERO,  TRINIDAD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  June  15, 
1835,  in  Santa  Fe,  N.  M.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  territorial  legislature  in 
18U3.  He  was  elected  probate  judge  of 
San  Miguel  county  in  1867;  and  was 
elected  a  delegate  from  New  Mexico  to  the 
forty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

ROMEYN,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1797  in  Greenbush,  N.  Y.  He 
published  The  Crisis,  a  sermon;  and  a 
Plea  for  the  Evangelical  Press.  He  died 
Sept.  7,  1859,  in  New  Brunswick. 

ROMEYN,  JAMES  VAN  CAMPEN, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  14, 
1765,  in  Minisink,  N.  Y.  In  1799-1834  he 
was  pastor  of  the  united  congregations  of 
the  Dutch  reformed  church  in  Hackensack 
and  Schraalenburgh,  N.  J.  He  published 
an  Address  to  the  Students  of  the  Theo 
logical  Seminary.  He  died  June  27,  1840, 
In  Hackensack,  N.  J. 

ROMEYN,  JEREMIAH,  clergyman,  lin 
guist,  was  born  Dec.  24.  1768,  in  Wood 
stock,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  eminent  linguist, 
and  from  1797  till  his  death  was  professor 
of  Hebrew  in  the  Dutch  reformed  church. 
He  died  July  17,  1818,  in  Woodstock,  N.  Y. 


ROMEYN,  THEODORIC  (called  Dirck) 
(ro-mine),  clergyman,  was  born  June  12, 
1744,  in  Hackensack,  N.  J.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  academy  that  sub 
sequently  became  Union  college,  and  from 
1797  till  1804  was  professor  of  theology  in 
the  general  synod  of  the  reformed  Dutch 
church.  He  died  April  16,  1804,  in  Schen- 
ectady,  N.  Y. 

ROMEYN.  THEODORE  BAYARD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1827,  in 
Nassau,  N.  Y.  He  was  pastor  of  the  re 
formed  Dutch  church  in  Blawenburg,  N. 
J.,  in  1850-65,  and  from  the  latter  date 
until  his  death  of  the  first  reformed 
church  at  Hackensack.  He  published 
Historical  Discourse;  and  The  Adaptation 
of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  to 
American  Character.  He  died  Aug.  29, 
1885,  in  Hackensack,  N.  J. 

ROMNEY,  CAROLINA  WESTCOTT, 
educator,  inventor,  was  born  in  Clyde,  N. 
Y.  She  became  a  literary  editor  on  the 
Chicago  Times,  and  subsequently  was  its 
traveling  correspondent.  She  has  pub 
lished  newspapers  of  her  own,  and  a 
morning  daily  in  Durango,  Col.  As  an  in 
ventor  she  received  ten  awards  from  the 
World's  Columbian  exposition  of  Chicago 
in  1893. 

RONAYNE,  MAURICE,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1828  in  Ireland. 
He  was  a  Roman  catholic  clergyman  and 
educator  of  New  York  city;  and  professor 
of  history  at  St.  Francis  Xavier's  college 
from  1888.  He  is  the  author  of  Religion 
and  Science;  and  God  Knowable  and 
Known. 

RONDTHALER,  EDWARD,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1817,  in  York, 
Pa.  In  1853-54  he  was  president  of  Naza 
reth  Hall,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  Life  of  John  Heckewelder.  He 
died  March  5,  1855,  in  Nazareth,  Pa. 

ROOD,  OGDEN  NICHOLAS,  physicist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1831, 
in  Danbury,  Conn.  He  is  a  physicist  of 
note,  professor  of  physics  at  Columbia  col 
lege  from  1863;  and  author  of  Modern 
Chromatics. 

ROORBACK,  ORVILLE  AUGUSTUS, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1803, 
in  Red  Hook,  N.  Y.  He  published  Biblio- 
theca  Americana  from  1820  to  1861.  He 
died  June  21,  1861,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

ROOSA,  DANIEL  BENNETT  ST.  JOHN, 
physician,  educator,  author,  was  born 
April  4,  1838,  in  Bethel,  N.  Y.  He  is  a 
prominent  physician  of  New  York  city, 
and  a  professor  at  the  university  of  the 
city  of  New  York  in  1863-82.  He  is  the 
author  of  Treatise  on  the  Ear;  A  Doctor's 
Suggestion;  and  On  the  Necessity  of 
Wearing  Glasses. 

ROOSE,  F.  F.,  educator,  author,  was 
born  July  3,  1855,  in  Moline,  111.  In  1884 
he  founded  the  Lincoln  Business  college, 
Nebraska;  and  in  1891  founded  the  Lin 
coln  Normal  university,  the  construction 
of  which  cost  one  hundred  and  fifty  thou 
sand  dollars.  For  three  years  he  was 
president  and  owner  of  the  Omaha  Busi 
ness  college.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Woodmen  of  the  World;  and  he  is 
now  the  supreme  commander  of  the  Fra 
ternal  Union  of  America. 

ROOSEVELT,  HILBORNE  LEWIS, 
organ-builder,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1849.  in 
New  York  city.  He  established  factories 
in  New  York  city,  Philadelphia,  and  Bal 
timore,  and  built  some  of  the  largest  or 
gans  in  the  United  States,  including  that 
in  Garden  City  cathedral.  Long  Island, 
and  Grace  church,  New  York  city,  each  of 
which  contains  twenty  miles  of  electric 
wire.  He  died  Dec.  30,  1886,  in  New  York 
city. 


HKRRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


803 


ROOSEVELT,  JAMES  HENRY,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1800,  in  New 
York  city.  He  accumulated  the  sum  that 
he  intended  from  his  early  manhood  to 
leave  for  some  charitable  object.  By  the 
terms  of  his  will  he  left  the  principal  part 
of  his  estate  to  found  a  noble  hospital 
in  New  York  city  which  bears  his  name, 
and  was  formally  opened  in  1871.  The 
property  left  by  him  was  valued  at  about 
$1,000,000.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1863,  in  New 
York  city. 

ROOSEVELT,  JAMES  JOHN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  14,  1795,  in  New  York  city.  In 
1835  and  1840  he  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  state  legislature;  and  in  1842 
and  1843  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York  city.  He  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  state  in  1851;  was 
an  attorney  of  the  United  States;  and 
held  the  office  of  judge  eight  years.  He 
died  April  5,  1875,  in  New  York. 

ROOSEVELT,  ROBERT  B.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  7, 
1829,  in  New  York  city.  In  1868  he  was 
appointed  commissioner  of  fisheries  for 
the  state  of  New  York;  and  from  1868 
edited  The  New  York  Citizen.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  to  the  forty-sec 
ond  congress  as  a  democrat.  He  was 
United  States  minister  to  the  Netherlands 
in  1888-89.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Game  Fish  of  North  America;  Coast  and 
Game  Birds  of  the  Northern  States;  Flor 
ida  and  the  Game  Water  Birds;  Love 
and  Luck;  Progressive  Petticoats;  and 
Five  Acres  Too  Much,  a  Satire. 

ROOSEVELT,  THEODORE,  politician, 
reformer,  soldier,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
27,  1858,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  poli 
tician  and  municipal  reformer  of  New 
York  city;  and  president  of  the  board  of 
police  commissioners  of  New  York  city 
from  1895  to  1897,  when  he  resigned  that 
position  to  become  assistant  secretary  of 
the  navy.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Naval 
War  of  1812;  Hunting  Adventures  of  a 
Ranchman;  Ranch  Life  and  the  Hunt 
ing  Trail;  The  Winning  of  the  West; 
The  Wilderness  Hunter;  Essays  on  Prac 
tical  Politics;  History  of  the  City  of 
New  York;  and  Lives  of  Thomas  H. 
Benton  and  Gouverneur  Morris.  During 
the  Spanish-American  war  he  served  with 
distinction  as  colonel  of  the  Rough  Riders. 
In  November,  1898,  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  of  New  York. 

ROOT,  DAVID,  clergyman,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  in  1790  in  Pomfret,  Vt. 
He  held  pastorates  in  Guilford  and  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  till  1852,  when  he  retired. 
He  gave  $10,000  to  endow  a  professor 
ship  in  Beloit  college,  Wisconsin;  $20,000 
to  Yale  Theological  seminary,  and  $5,000 
to  the  American  Missionary  society.  He 
died  Aug.  30,  1873,  in  Chicago,  111. 

ROOT,  ELIHU,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb. 
15,  1845,  in  Clinton,  N.  Y.  He  settled  in 
New  York  city,  where  he  has  attained 
high  reputation;  and  in  1883-85  was 
United  States  district  attorney  for  the 
southern  district  of  New  York. 

ROOT,  ERASTUS,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  March  16,  1773,  in 
Hebron,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  New  York  assembly  eleven  years; 
was  speaker  of  the  house  three  years; 
and  was  state  senator  eight  years.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1803  to  1805,  and  from  1809  to  1817,  when 
he  resigned  and  was  appointed  postmaster 
at  Delhi,  N.  Y.  In  1822  he  was  chosen 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  state;  was 
again  elected  to  congress  from  1831  to 
1833.  He  died  in  1846  in  New  York  city. 

ROOT,  FREDERIC  WOODMAN,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  June  13,  1846,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  has  been  very  success 


ful  as  a  teacher  of  vocal  music,  and  has 
published  Root's  School  of  Singing.  From 
1871  till  1875  he  edited  the  Song  Mes 
senger. 

ROOT,  JESSE,  soldier,  clergyman,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
28,  1736,  in  Coventry,  Conn.  He  settled 
in  Hartford,  Conn.;  took  part  in  the 
revolutionary  war;  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1778  to 
1783.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  the  su 
perior  court  in  1779;  and  chief  justice  of 
Connecticut  from  1796  until  his  resig 
nation  in  1807.  He  died  March  29,  1822,  in 
Coventry.  Conn. 

ROOT.  JOSEPH  C.,  author,  and  founder 
of  Woodcraft,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1844,  in 
Chester,  Mass.  When  ten  years  of  age 
his  parents  removed 
to  Lyons,  Iowa.  He 
received  a  liberal  ed 
ucation;  began  busi 
ness  for  himself  in  a 
book-store;  after 
ward  operated  flour 
ing  mills  and  elevat 
ors;  and  was  United 
States  deputy  collect 
or  when  barely  of 
age.  In  1860  he 
founded  the  public 
library  of  Lyons, 
Iowa;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1879, 
and  founded  Woodcraft  and  promulgat 
ed  its  rituals  and  teachings  in  1883.  He 
has  been  twice  mayor  of  Lyons,  Iowa; 
has  been  prominently  identified  in  various 
business  enterprises;  proposed  and  agi 
tated  the  construction  of  the  Iowa  Mid 
land  railway;  and  is  the  secretary  of 
the  Chicago,  Lyons  and  Pacific  railway. 
He  established  the  first  telephone  ex 
change  west  of  the  Mississippi  river;  has 
been  editor  of  two  newspapers  of  extend 
ed  circulation;  and  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  books.  He  is  the  sovereign  com 
mander  of  the  Woodmen  of  the  World,  and 
resides  at  Omaha,  Neb.  The  entire  sys 
tem  now  embraces  half  a  million  mem 
bers,  has  disbursed  many  millions  of  dol 
lars,  and  is  increasing  rapidly. 

ROOT,  JOSEPH  M.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1817, 
in  Cayuga,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  prose 
cuting  attorney  in  Ohio;  and  in  1840  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate.  He  served  as 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1845  to 
1851. 

ROOTS,  LOGAN  H.,  soldier,  educator, 
congressman,  was  born  March  26,  1841,  in 
Perry  county,  III.  After  the  war  he  set 
tled  in  Arkansas  as  a  planter.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  that  state 
to  the  fortieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

ROOTS,  PHILANDER  KEEP,  civil  en 
gineer,  banker,  was  born  June  4,  1838,  in 
Tolland  county,  Conn.  He  is  the  son  of 
the  noted  educator, 
Prof.  B.  G.  Roots  of 
Illinois.  He  received 
his  education  in  the 
Carrollton  academy 
of  Illinois  and  the 
Wesleyan  university 
of  Bloomington.  For 
several  years  he  was 
principal  of  the  high 
school  in  DuQuoin, 
111.  He  has  been 
resident  engineer  on 
the  Mobile  and  Ohio 
railroad  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee; 
United  States  deputy  surveyor  in  Nevada; 
chief  engineer  of  the  Cairo  and  Fulton 
railroad  in  Arkansas  and  Missouri;  and 
for  over  twenty  years  has  been  engaged  in 
banking  in  Little  Rock,  Ark.  He  is  a 
prominent  Mason  and  ranks  high  in  vari 
ous  other  fraternal  orders. 


ROPES,  JOHN  CODMAN,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  28,  1836,  in  Russia. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston  well  known  as 
a  military  historian;  and  the  author  of 
The  Army  under  Pope;  The  Campaign 
of  Waterloo;  Atlas  of  Waterloo;  The 
First  Napoleon;  and  The  Story  of  the 
Civil  War. 

RORER,  SARAH  TYSON,  lecturer,  au 
thor.  She  is  a  popular  writer  and  lecturer 
on  cooking. 

ROSE,  AQUILA,  printer,  poet,  was 
born  in  1695  in  England.  He  was  a  print 
er  and  verse  writer  of  Philadelphia  whose 
Poems  on  Several  Occasions  were  collect 
ed  after  his  death.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1723, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ROSE,  CHAUNCEY,  was  born  Dec.  24, 
1794,  in  Wethersfield,  Conn.  He  organized 
the  Terre  Haute  and  Indianapolis  rail 
road  in  1847.  and 
was  the  first  presi 
dent.  It  was  his 
means  and  influence 
that  caused  the  con 
struction  of  the 
Evansville.  Terre 
Haute  and  Chicago 
railroad  He  estab 
lished  and  endowed 
the  Ladies'  Aid  so 
ciety  of  Terre  Haute. 
He  contributed  gen 
erously  to  the  sup 
port  of  Wabash  college.  To  Providence 
hospital  he  gave  a  large  sum  of  money; 
and  he  established  and  endowed  the  Rose 
Polytechnic  institute,  under  the  name  of 
the  Terre  Haute  school  of  Industrial  Sci 
ence.  He  died  Aug.  13,  1877,  in  Terre 
Haute.  Ind. 

ROSE,  DANIEL  DE  VINNE,  soldier, 
educator,  physician,  author,  was  born 
May  28,  1843,  in  Onondaga  county,  N.  Y. 
He  moved  to  Michi 
gan  with  his  par 
ents;  and  served  in 
the  civil  war  in  the 
eleventh  regiment 
Michigan  volunteer 
infantry  for  more 
than  three  years.  He 
then  became  a  stu 
dent  and  teacher, 
which  he  continued 
until  he  graduated 
with  the  degree  of 
bachelor  of  science, 
and  later  doctor  of  medicine;  since  which 
time  he  has  devoted  himself  to  his  pro 
fession  of  medicine  and  literary  work. 
He  has  become  a  prominent  physician  of 
Burlington,  Iowa;  has  been  county  phy 
sician,  coroner,  and  medical  director  of 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He  is 
the  author  of  What  Every  Woman  Should 
Know;  Physiology  of  Woman;  and  nu 
merous  other  articles  in  journals  and 
other  periodicals. 

ROSE,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer,  secretary  of 
state,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1850,  in  Pope 
county,  111.  He  was  in  1896  elected  sec 
retary  of  state  of  Illinois. 

ROSE,  ROBERT  L.,  farmer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1804,  in  Geneva, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1847  to  1851. 
ROSE.  ROBERT  S.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1772  in  Henrico  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  the 
state  of  New  York  from  1823  to  1827,  and 
again  from  1829  to  1831.  He  died  Nov  24 
1835,  in  Waterloo,  N.  Y. 

ROSE,  THOMAS  ELLWOOD,  soldier, 
was  born  March  12,  1830,  in  Bucks  coun 
ty,  Pa.  Col.  Thomas  E.  Rose,  with  one 
hundred  and  eight  other  union  officers,  by 
tunneling  from  a  cellar,  escaped  from 
Libby  prison;  and  among  all  the  thrill- 


804 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ing  incidents  in  the  history  of  Libby  pris 
on  none  exceed  in  interest  this  celebrated 
tunnel  escape  which  occurred  on  the  night 
of  Feb.  9,  1864.  Of  the  one  hundred  and 
nine  men  fifty-nine  reached  the  union 
lines,  forty-eight  were  recaptured  and  two 
drowned.  After  days  of  suffering  he  was 
again  captured  and  sent  back  to  Libby 
prison,  but  a  few  months  after  was  ex 
changed  for  a  confederate  colonel.  Col. 
Rose  since  the  war  has  served  with  the 
sixteenth  United  States  infantry,  in  which 
he  holds  a  captain's  commission. 

ROSE,  U.  M.,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  March  5,  1834,  in  Marion  county,  Ky. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Little  Rock, 
Ark.,  and  during  1860-65  was  chancellor 
of  the  state  of  Arkansas. 

ROSE,  WILLIAM  G.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Sept.  23.  1829,  in  Mercer  county, 
Pa.  This  prominent  lawyer  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  served  his  city  as  mayor  for  two 
terms;  and  was  candidate  for  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Ohio  in  1883.  Before  moving 
to  Ohio  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  state  legislature. 

ROSECRANS,  WILLIAM  STARKE,  sol 
dier,  civil  engineer,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1819,  in 
Kingston,  Ohio.  He 
graduated  from  West 
Point  in  1842.  He 
was  appointed  aid  to 
General  McClellan  in 
Ohio;  was  appointed 
colonel  and  chief  en 
gineer  of  Ohio;  and 
was  commissioned 
colonel  of  Ohio  vol 
unteers,  and  briga 
dier-general  United 
States  army.  In  1864 
he  commanded  the 
department  ot  Missouri;  was  made  brevet 
major-general  United  States  army  in 
1865;  and  resigned  in  1867.  He  was  min 
ister  to  Mexico  in  1868,  but  was  recalled 
in  a  few  months.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  California  to  the  forty- 
seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses.  In 
1885  he  was  appointed  register  of  the 
treasury  at  Washington.  He  died  in  1898. 

ROSELIUS,  CHRISTIAN,  journalist, 
lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1803,  in  Ger 
many.  In  1831  he  was  appointed  attor 
ney-general  of  Louisiana.  He  was  for 
many  years  dean  of  the  university  of 
Louisiana;  and  for  the  last  twenty-three 
years  of  his  life  was  professor  of  civil  law 
in  that  institution.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1873, 
in  New  Orleans.  La. 

ROSENBERG,  DAVID  H.,  clergyman, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  May  19,  1837, 
in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  For  twenty- 
five  years  he  has  been  a  minister  in  the 
evangelical  church;  and  is  now  a  doctor 
of  medicine  at  Mascotte.  Fla. 

ROSENFELD,  MAURICE  BERNHARD, 
musician,  composer,  was  born  Dec.  31, 
1865,  in  Austria.  He  is  a  teacher  in  the 
Chicago  Musical  college;  and  the  com 
poser  of  numerous  pieces  for  piano,  violin 
and  string  instruments. 

ROSENGARTEN.  JOSEPH  GEORGE, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  July  14,  1835,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Phila 
delphia;  and  the  author  of  The  German 
Soldier  in  the  Wars  of  the  United  States. 

ROSENKRANS,  S.  ALICE,  poet.  She 
has  contributed  both  prose  and  verse  to 
the  periodical  press;  and  some  of  her 
poems  have  appeared  in  standard  works. 

ROSENOW,  MAX  GUSTAV  GEORGE, 
engraver,  artist,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1864, 
in  Germany.  He  received  his  education 


at  the  Bohn  school  of  Berlin,  Germany; 
studied  art  under  Professor  Biihler;  and 
has  attained  success  as  a  lithographer,  en 
graver,  and  script  designer.  He  is  the 
senior  member  of  Rosenow  and  Company, 
new  process  engravers,  Chicago,  111.  He 
has  designed  numerous  book  covers  for 
the  foremost  publishing  houses  of  the 
west;  and  designed  the  cover  for  this 
volume  of  Herringshaw's  American  Bi 
ography. 

ROSENTHAL,  LEWIS,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1856,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  is  a  journalist  who  has  published 
America  and  France;  and  the  Influence 
of  the  United  States  on  France  in  the 
Eighteenth  Century. 

ROSENTHAL,  MAX,  artist,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1833,  in  Russia.  He  made  the 
chomo-lithographic  plates  for  what  is 
believed  to  be  the  first  fully  illustrated 
book  by  this  process  in  the  United  States, 
Wild  Scenes  and  Wild  Hunters.  After 
1884  he  turned  his  attention  to  etching, 
and  he  has  since  executed  one  hundred 
and  fifty  portraits  of  eminent  Americans 
and  British  officers,  together  with  numer 
ous  large  plates,  among  which  are  Storm 
Approaches;  Doris,  the  Shepherd's  Maid 
en;  and  Marguerite. 

ROSENTHAL,  TOBY  EDWARD,  artist, 
was  born  March  15,  1848,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  His  more  important  works  are 
Love's  Last  Offering;  Spring's  Joy  and 
Sorrow;  Morning  Prayers  in  Bach's  Fam 
ily,  which  was  bought  by  the  Saxon  gov 
ernment,  and  is  now  in  the  museum  of 
Leipsic;  Elaine;  Young  Monk  in  Re 
fectory;  and  Forbidden  Longings. 

ROSS,  ABEL  HASTINGS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  28,  1831,  in  Winch- 
endon,  Mass.  Since  1872  he  has  been  a 
lecturer  on  church  polity  in  the  Oberlin 
Theological  seminary  of  Ohio.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  valuable  papers 
on  religious  topics,  and  various  books  and 
pamphlets. 

ROSS,  ALEXANDER  COFFMAN,  mer 
chant,  composer,  inventor,  was  born  May 
31,  1812,  in  Zanesville,  Ohio.  From  a  boy 
he  was  interested  in  scientific  inventions, 
and  he  is  said  to  have  produced  the  first 
daguerreotype  ever  made  in  this  country. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  enterprising  busi 
ness  men  in  Zanesville,  and  accumulated  a 
large  property.  He  died  Feb.  25,  1883,  in 
Zanesville,  Ohio. 

ROSS,  CHARLES  ALEXANDER,  edu 
cator,  public  official,  was  born  May  16, 
1863,  in  Presque  Isle,  Maine.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  St.  John's  English 
and  Classical  school,  and  for  many  years 
was  engaged  in  educational  work.  He  is 
prominent  in  the  public  affairs  of  Wash 
ington,  and  since  1894  has  been  clerk  of 
Whitman  county,  state  of  Washington. 

ROSS,  CLINTON,  author,  was  born  in 
1861  in  New  York.  He  is  a  novelist  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  The 
Silent  Workman;  The  Countess  Bettina; 
The  Speculator;  Adventures  of  Three 
Worthies;  Improbable  Tales;  Two  Sol 
diers  and  a  Politician;  The  Puppet;  The 
Scarlet  Coat;  Battle  Tales;  Bobbie  Mc- 
Duff;  The  Meddling  Hussy;  and  Zuleika. 

ROSS,  DAVID,  congressman,  was  born 
about  1750  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  Maryland  to  the  continental 
congress  from  1786  to  1787. 

ROSS,  EDMUND  GIBSON,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1826,  in 
Ashland,  Ohio.  He  learned  the  art  of 
printing  at  Huron,  Ohio.  He  became  ed 
itor  of  the  Kansas  Tribune,  at  that  time 
the  only  free-state  paper  in  the  territory, 
all  others  having  been  destroyed.  He 
entered  the  union  army  as  a  private  sol 


dier,  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
major  in  the  war  for  the  suppression  of 
the  rebellion.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
United  States  senate  as  a  republican  to 
fill  a  vacancy  and  served  during  1866-71. 

ROSS,  FRANK  WARD,  physician,  sur 
geon,  lecturer,  was  born  July  10,  1859,  in 
Horseheads.  N.  Y.  He  has  been  pfesi- 
dent  of  the  Elmira  Academy  of  Medi 
cine;  professor  of  X-ray  and  medico-legal 
electricity  in  the  National  college  of  Elec 
tro-therapeutics;  and  was  formerly  lec 
turer  on  electro-therapeutics  at  the 
Niagara  university.  He  is  a  successful 
scientist  and  medical  electrician;  and  has 
contributed  many  papers  and  given  many 
lectures  to  medical  and  scientific  bodies. 

ROSS,  FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS,  cler-v 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1796,  in 
Cobham,  Va.  He  is  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  of  Huntsville,  Ala.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Slavery  as  Ordained  of  God.  He 
died  April  13,  1883,  in  Huntsville,  Ala. 

ROSS,  GEORGE,  signer  of  the  declara 
tion  of  independence,  was  born  in  1730  in 
New  Castle,  Del.  In  1768  he  was  elected 
to  the  colonial  legislature;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  continental  congress  from  1774 
to  1777;  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
declaration  of  independence.  In  1779 
he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  court  of 
admiralty  for  Pennsylvania.  He  died  in 
July,  1779,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

ROSS,  HENRY  HOWARD,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  in  Essex  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  For  fifty  years  he  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1825  to  1827;  and  was  county  judge 
of  Essex  county  in  1847  and  1848.  He  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1848,  heading  the 
state  ticket,  and  officiating  as  president 
of  the  electoral  college.  He  died  Sept.  14, 
1862,  in  Essex,  N.  Y. 

ROSS,  JAMES,  educator,  author.  He 
published  a  Greek  Grammar  in  Latin', 
translated  the  Shorter  Catechism  into 
Latin;  and  wrote  a  number  of  poems  in 
Latin.  He  died  in  September,  1786. 

ROSS,  JAMES,  lawyer,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  July  12,  1762,  in  York 
county,  Pa.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1794  to  1803.  He 
died  Nov.  27,  1847,  in  Allegheny  City,  Pa. 

ROSS,  JOHN,  merchant,  was  born  Jan. 
29,  1726,  in  Ross,  Scotland.  In  1775  he  was 
appointed  muster-master  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  navy.  In  1776  he  was  employed  by 
the  committee  of  commerce  of  congress  to 
purchase  clothes,  arms,  and  powder  for 
the  use  of  the  army.  He  died  in  March, 
1800,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ROSS,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1809  to  1811,  and  again  from 
1815  to  1818,  having  resigned. 

ROSS.  JOHN  WESLEY,  lawyer,  public 
official,  was  born  June  23,  1841,  in  Lewis- 
town,  111.  He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  private  schools;  attend 
ed  the  Lewistown, 111. .seminary  until  1856; 
the  Illinois  college  in  1856-62;  and  the 
Harvard  Law  school  in  1864-65.  The  de 
gree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  the  Georgetown  university  in  1885. 
He  was  postmaster  of  Washington,  D.  C., 
in  1888-90;  was  appointed  by  President 
Harrison  commissioner  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  in  September,  1890,  receiving 
the  reappointment  to  the  same  position 
by  President  Cleveland,  and  again  by 
President  McKinley;  and  is  president  of 
the  board  of  commissioners.  For  two 
terms  he  was  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  public  schools  of  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.;  and  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  that  city. 


HIOKIMNGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOORAPHY. 


so:, 


ROSS,  LAWRENCE  SULLIVAN,  sol 
dier,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1838,  in 
Bentonport,  Iowa.  He  became  colonel  of 
the  sixth  Texas  regiment  of  cavalry  in 
the  confederate  army  in  1862;  and  was 
made  brigadier-general  in  1863.  In  1886  he 
became  governor  of  Texas. 

ROSS.  LEONARD  FULTON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  July  18,  1823,  in  Fulton 
county,  111.  He  was  chosen  in  1861  colonel 
of  the  seventeenth  Illinois  regiment  which 
he  had  raised;  and  was  commissioned 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  April 
25,  1862.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  col 
lector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  ninth 
district  of  Illinois.  He  has  imported  fine 
stock  into  this  country,  and  has  a  large 
farm  in  Iowa. 

ROSS.  LEWIS  W.,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1812, 
in  Seneca  county,  N.  Y.  In  1840  and  1844 
he  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1848.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Illinois  to  the  thirty-eighth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  and  fortieth  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat. 

ROSS,  MILES,  merchant,  state  legislat 
or,  congressman,  was  born  April  30,  1828, 
in  Raritan  township,  N.  J.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  New  Jersey  state  legisla 
ture  for  two  years.  In  1874  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  New  Jersey  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

ROSS,  SAMUEL,  state  senator,  was 
born  July  14,  1865,  in  Patchogue,  N.  Y., 
which  is  still  his  place  of  residence.  He 
has  served  with  distinction  in  the  state 
senate;  and  filled  numerous  public  posi 
tions  of  honor  in  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

ROSS,  SOBEISKI,  civil  engineer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  16,  1828,  in 
Coudersport,  Pa.  He  was  engaged  in  set 
tling  land  in  the  northern  counties  of 
Pennsylvania;  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-third  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

ROSS,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1825  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1849  to  1853. 

ROSS,  THOMAS  R.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1789.  He  was  a  itpre- 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  sixteenth, 
seventeenth  and  eighteenth  congresses. 
He  died  June  28,  1869,  in  Lebanon,  Ohio. 

ROSS,  WILLIAM  H.,  governor,  was 
born  in  Delaware.  He  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  that  state  in  1851,  continuing  in 
office  until  1855. 

ROSS,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1834,  in  Seville, 
Ohio.  For  thirty-three  years  he  has  been 
superintendent  of  the  schools  of  Fremont, 
Ohio;  has  been  president  of  the  Ohio 
State  Teachers'  association;  president 
of  the  Tri-State  association  of  Ohio, 
Michigan  and  Indiana;  and  president  of 
the  Ohio  state  board  of  examiners. 

ROSSE,  IRVING  C.,  neurologist,  scien 
tist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1842,  in 
East  New  Market,  Md.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  St.  John's  college  of  An 
napolis;  the  United  States  Military  acad 
emy  of  West  Point;  the  university  of 
Maryland;  the  New  York  university; 
and  the  principal  clinics  in  Europe.  He 
has  been  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United 
States  army;  surgeon  to  the  revenue 
cutter  bureau;  surgeon  of  the  Soldiers' 
home  in  Milwaukee;  and  United  States 
examining  surgeon  for  the  District  of  Col 
umbia.  He  was  a  juror  to  the  Paris  ex 
position;  a  member  of  the  cholera  com 


mission  to  Europe  in  1893;  and  profes 
sor  of  the  diseases  of  the  nervous  sys 
tem  in  the  Georgetown  university.  He 
has  done  considerable  literary  work  for 
medical  journals  upon  popular  scientific 
and  geographical  subjects;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Cruise  of  the  Corwin  to 
Alaska  and  the  North  West  Arctic  Ocean; 
The  First  Landing  on  Wrangel  Island; 
and  various  other  works. 

ROSSELL,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1761  in  New  Jersey.  He  was 
for  many  years  a  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court;  and  also  a  judge  of 
the  sunreme  court  of  New  Jersey.  He 
died  June  20,  1840,  in  Mount  Holly,  N.  J. 

ROSSER.  LEONIDAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  31,  1815,  in  Peters 
burg,  Va.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman 
of  Virginia:  and  the  author  of  Baptism; 
Experimental  Religion;  Class  Meetings; 
Recognition  in  Heaven;  Open  Commun 
ion;  Initial  Life;  and  Reply  to  Howell's 
Evils  of  Baptism.  He  died  in  1892. 

ROSSER,  THOMAS  LAFAYETTE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1836,  in  Campbell 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  brigadier-general 
and  commanded  a  brigade  during  the  civil 
war  in  the  confederate  cavalry  in  Hamp 
ton's  division. 

ROSS1TER,  CLINTON  L.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1860,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  In  1895  he  became  president  of  the 
Brooklyn  Heights  railroad  at  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

ROSSITER,  THOMAS  PRICHARD,  art 
ist,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1817,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  has  painted  a  large  number  of 
historical  and  scriptural  pictures,  and  also 
numerous  portraits.  He  died  May  17, 
1871,  in  Cold  Springs,  N.  Y. 

ROSSMAN.  GEORGE  P.,  lawyer,  politi 
cian,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1859,  in  Plymouth, 
Wis.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  Ashland.  He  has  been  district  attor 
ney  for  Ashland  county;  and  city  attor 
ney  of  Ashland  for  three  terms.  He  has 
been  a  chairman  of  the  county  committee, 
a  member  of  the  state  central  committee 
for  Wisconsin;  and  a  delegate  to  the 
state  convention  three  times. 

ROTCH,  ABBOTT  LAWRENCE,  me 
teorologist,  author,  was  born  in  1861  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  meteorologist  who 
founded  the  Blue  Hill  meteorological  ob 
servatory  in  Milton,  Mass.,  in  1885,  and 
who  has  published  many  valuable  me 
teorological  papers. 

ROTH,  THEOPHILUS  B.,  educator, 
clergyman,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  9, 
1853,  in  Prospect,  Pa.  In  1893  he  be 
came  president  of  Thiel  college  of  Green- 
castle,  Pa.  He  is  the  founder  and  editor 
of  the  Young  Lutheran,  which  has  the 
largest  circulation  of  all  English  Luther 
an  papers. 

ROTHERMEL,  PETER  FREDERICK, 
artist,  was  born  July  18,  1817,  in  Nesco- 
pack,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  academy,  of  which  insti 
tution  he  had  been  director  from  1847  to 
1855.  His  best  works  are:  De  Soto  Dis 
covering  the  Mississippi;  Embarkation 
of  Columbus,  in  the  Pennsylvania  acad 
emy;  Christian  Martyrs  in  the  Colisseum; 
a  series  of  paintings  illustrative  of  Wil 
liam  H.  Prescott's  History  of  the  Con 
quest  of  Mexico. 

ROTHERT,  HENRY  W.,  merchant,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1840,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio.  He  has  been  mayor  of 
Keokuk,  Iowa;  and  for  two  terms  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate,  and  became 
lieutenant-governor  of  Iowa  by  succession 
as  president  of  the  senate.  He  has  been 
register  of  the  land  office  at  Cheyenne, 
Wyo. ;  and  is  now  superintendent  of  the 
Iowa  School  for  the  Deaf. 


ROTHROCK,  JOSEPH  TRIMBLE,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  April  9,  1839,  in 
McVeytown,  Pa.  He  is  a  professor  of 
botany  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania 
from  1877;  and  the  author  of  Botany 
of  the  Wheeler  Expedition;  Vacation 
Cruisings;  Flora  of  Alaska;  and  Revision 
of  the  North  American  Gaurinese. 

ROTHWELL,  GIDEON  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1836  in  Callaway 
county,  Mo.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-sixth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

ROUMFORT,  AUGUSTUS  LOUIS,  sol 
dier,  educator,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Dec.  10,  1796,  in  Paris,  France.  He  was 
professor  of  mathematics  at  Mount  Airy 
college  at  Germantown  during  1818-26, 
and  trom  that  time  till  1834  superintend 
ent  of  a  military  school  in  that  town.  He 
was  in  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  in 
1843-44,  and  harbor-master  of  Philadel 
phia  in  1845-48.  He  had  been  made  cap 
tain  of  Pennsylvania  militia  in  1820,  and 
in  1843  had  risen  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1878,  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pa. 

ROUND,  WILLIAM  MARSHALL  FITZ, 
author,  was  born  March  26,  1845,  in  Paw- 
tucket.  R.  I.  He  is  a  writer  active  in 
prison  reforms.  His  books  for  juvenile 
readers  include  Achsah;  Child  Marion 
Abroad;  Torn  and  Mended;  Hal;  and 
Rosecroft. 

ROUNDS,  STERLING  PARKER,  print 
er,  was  born  June  27,  1828,  in  Berkshire, 
Vt.  He  migrated  to  Chicago  in  1851;  and 
soon  afterward  opened  a  printers'  ware 
house.  In  1856  the  business  was  extended 
by  the  addition  of  the  printers'  electro 
type  foundry,  and  the  first  number  of 
Rounds'  Printers'  Cabinet,  still  in  exist 
ence,  was  issued.  He  was  appointed  pub 
lic  printer  in  1881;  but  he  removed  to 
Omaha  in  1885  and  was  identified  with  the 
Renublican  till  his  death.  He  died  Dec. 
17,  1887,  in  Omaha,  Neb. 

ROUNER,  DAVID  ARGYLE,  soldier, 
farmer,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  April 
20,  1842,  in  Sligo,  Ky.  He  served  as  a  sol 
dier  in  the  confederate  army;  was  a 
member  of  the  thirty-first  and  thirty- 
second  Missouri  general  assembly;  and 
a  member  of  the  thirty-sixth  and  thirty- 
seventh  state  senate.  He  is  the  author 
of  many  of  the  revenue  laws  of  Missouri. 

ROUQUETTE,  ADRIEN  EMMANUEL, 
educaior,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  13,  1813,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  was 
a  Roman  catholic  clergyman  and  educator 
of  New  Orleans,  known  as  the  Abbe 
Rouquette.  He  was  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  entitled  Wild  Flowers.  He  died  July 
15,  1887,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

ROUQUETTE,  FRANCOIS  DOMIN 
IQUE,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  2, 
1810,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  is  a  law 
yer  who  resided  in  France  for  the  greater 
Dart  of  his  life.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  in  French  and  English  on  the  Choc- 
taw  Indians. 

ROURKE,  PATRICK  HENRY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1854,  in  Nor- 
ristown,  Pa.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  common  schools, 
and  attended  the  Northern  Indiana  Nor 
mal  college  of  Valparaiso,  Ind.  In  1882 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Chicago, 
111.,  and  moved  the  same  year  to  the  ter 
ritory  of  Dakota.  He  took  up  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  at  Lisbon,  N.  D. ; 
has  been  city  attorney;  mayor  of  his 
city;  district  attorney;  state's  attorney; 
and  in  1892  was  the  republican  nominee 
for  attorney-general.  He  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  state  senator  in  the  North 
Dakota  state  senate;  and  has  been  United 
States  district  attorney  for  the  district  of 
North  Dakota. 


806 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


ROUSE,  HENRY  CLARK,  railroad 
president,  was  born  March  15,  1853,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  1892  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  and 
Texas  Railway  company;  and  in  1893 
was  appointed  receiver  of  the  Northern 
Pacific,  a  position  he  still  holds. 

ROUSSEAU,  LOVELL  HARRISON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  4,  1818,  in  Lincoln  county, 
Ky.  He  was  elect 
ed  for  three  years  to 
the  legislature  of  In 
diana,  and  for  three 
years  to  the  senate 
of  the  state.  He 
served  through  the 
war  with  Mexico  as 
a  captain,  and  was 
present  at  Buena 
Vista.  In  1850  he  re 
turned  to  Louisville, 
where  he  subse 
quently  resided.  In 

1860  he    was    elected,    by    both    political 
parties,   to  the   senate   of   Kentucky.     In 

1861  he   was   commissioned   a   colonel   of 
volunteers;     was   appointed   a    brigadier- 
generai;    and  in  1862  appointed  a  major- 
general.     In  1865  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative   from    Kentucky    to  the    thirty- 
ninth  congress.    In  1867  he  was  appointed 
a  brigadier-general   in  the  regular  army, 
and  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  new  ter 
ritory  of  Alaska.     He  died  Jan.   7,  1869, 
in  New  Orleans,  La. 

ROUTT,  ELIZA  FRANKLIN,  author, 
was  born  in  1842  in  Springfield,  111.  She 
is  most  noted  as  a  social  leader  and  phi 
lanthropist.  She  is  the  wife  of  Col.  Routt, 
the  first  governor  of  Colorado  in  1878, 
who  was  again  elected  to  the  high  office 
in  1891.  She  has  given  much  attention  to 
literary  work. 

ROUTT,  JOHN  L.,  governor.  He  was  a 
resident  of  Denver,  Colo.  In  1871  he  was 
appointed  second  assistant  postmaster- 
general,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until 
1875.  He  was  governor  of  Colorado  ter 
ritory  during  a  part  of  the  year  1875;  and 
in  1876  was  elected  governor  of  the  new- 
state  of  Colorado,  holding  the  office  until 
1879. 

ROWAN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  1773  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected 
from  Kentucky  a  member  of  congress 
from  1807  to  1809;  and  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  general  assembly. 
He  was  a  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  in 
1819;  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
1825  to  1^31;  and  his  last  public  position 
was  that  of  -minister  to  the  Two  Sicilies. 
He  died  July  13,  1853,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

ROWAN,  STEPHEN  CLEGG,  soldier, 
was  born  in  December,  1808,  in  Ireland. 
In  1870  he  was  vice-admiral  of  the  United 
States  navy.  He  died  March  31,  1890,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

ROWE,  CHARLES  HENRY,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1834,  in  Guilford, 
Maine.  In  1864  he  was  commissioned  a 
chaplain  in  the  United  States  army.  He 
has  filled  pastorates  in  the  baptist  church 
ever  since  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston.  For 
a  time  he  was  connected  with  the  editorial 
department  of  The  Watchman  of  Boston; 
and  he  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
poems  and  sacred  hymns. 

ROWE,  MRS.  HARRIET  GOULD,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1854  in  Maine.  Shf  is 
a  writer  of  Bangor,  Maine;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Re-told  Tales  of  the  Hills  and 
Shores  of  Maine;  and  Queenshithe. 

ROWE,  HENRY  CLARK,  was  born 
April  23,  1851,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He 
is  the  pioneer  in  deep  water  oyster  culture 
in  Long  Island  sound,  and  he  received  the 


first  grant  of  oyster  ground  outside  of 
the  harbors  in  1874.  From  1875  until  the 
present  time  he  has  secured  such  legisla 
tion  from  year  to  year  as  the  growth  of 
the  business  required.  During  1897  he 
planted  nearly  three  million  bushels  of 
shells  and  other  material  on  his  grounds, 
which  comprise  nearly  ten  thousand  acres. 
He  is  regarded  as  an  authority  on  the 
propagation  and  culture  of  oysters;  and 
is  the  author  of  The  Oyster  Industry;  and 
various  papers  read  before  the  Interna 
tional  Fisheries  congress  at  Chicago  in 
1893,  and  before  other  societies. 

ROWE,  PETER,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York"  from  1853  to  1855. 

ROWELL,  GEORGE  PRESBURY,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  July  4,  1838,  in  Concord, 
Vt.  In  1867  he  took  up  his  residence  in 
New  York,  where  he  began  the  publica 
tion  of  Rowell's  Newspaper  Directory. 

ROWELL,  JONATHAN  H.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  10. 
1833,  in  Haverhill,  N.  H.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  union  army  during  the  civil 
war  as  a  line  officer.  He  was  state's  at 
torney  of  the  eighth  judicial  district  at 
Bloomington,  111.,  from  1868  to  1872.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1880;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and 
fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

ROWLAND,  ALFRED,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  9,  1844,  in  Lumberton,  N.  C.  In  1867 
he  was  elected  by  the  county  court  reg 
ister  of  deeds  for  Robeson  county,  N.  C. ; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  general  as 
sembly  of  North  Carolina  in  1876-77,  and 
again  in  1880-81.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  dem 
ocrat. 

ROWLAND,  DAVID,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Connecticut  to  the 
colonial  congress  which  met  in  New  York 
in  1765. 

ROWLAND,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1804,  in 
Windsor,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Newark,  N.  J.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Common  Maxims  of  Infidelity; 
The  Path  of  Life;  Light  in  a  Dark  Val 
ley;  and  The  Way  of  Peace.  He  died 
Sept.  4,  1859,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ROWLAND,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  sci 
entist,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1848,  in  Hones- 
dale,  Pa.  In  1884  he  received  the  Rum- 
ford  medal  for  his  researches  in  light  and 
heat. 

ROWLAND,  WILLIAM,  ship  builder. 
was  born  April  28,  1828,  in  Monmouth 
Junction,  N.  J.  In  1894  he  built  the 
Priscilla  of  the  Fall  River  line,  which 
is  acknowledged  to  be  the  finest  vessel 
afloat.  He  also  finished  the  ships  owned 
by  the  Old  Dominion  line  of  steamers. 

ROWLEY,  ELIZA  A.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  March  1,  1834,  in  Oneida  county, 
N.  Y.  For  many  years  she  taught  school 
and  music,  sung  soprano  and  alto,  and 
served  as  organist  in  several  churches. 
She  has  filled  positions  of  honor  in  vari 
ous  societies  in  Nebraska;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems  which  have 
appeared  in  the  periodical  press. 

ROWLEY,  THOMAS  ALGEO,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1808,  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  He  was  made  brigadier-general  for 
services  at  Fredericksburg.  Va.,  in  No 
vember,  1862,  and  resigned  his  commis 
sion  Dec.  29,  1864.  From  1866  till  1870  he 
was  United  States  marshal  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  Pennsylvania,  and  he  now 
practices  law  In  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

ROWLEY,  WILLIAM  REUBEN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1824, 


in  Gouverneur.  N.  Y.  He  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  1865. 
He  then  returned  to  Galena,  111.;  was 
elected  county  judge  in  1877,  which  office 
he  held  at  his  death,  and  was  also  en 
gaged  in  real  estate  business.  He  died 
Feb.  9,  1886,  in  Chicago,  111. 

ROWSE,  SAMUEL  WORCESTER,  art 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1822,  in  Bath,  Maine. 
He  has  devoted  himself  to  drawing  in 
black  and  white,  and  his  works  in  crayon, 
chiefly  portraits  and  ideal  heads  of  chil 
dren,  are  well  known  to  the  public. 

ROWSON,  MRS.  SUSANNA  [HAS- 
WELL],  author,  was  born  in  1762  in  Eng 
land.  She  was  a  once  famous  novelist 
whose  Charlotte  Temple  was  the  most 
popular  tale  of  its  day.  In  1793  she 
came  again  to  America,  and  after  a  short 
career  as  an  actress  opened  a  school  in 
Boston,  which  was  very  successful.  Her 
writings  include  Victoria;  Mary,  or  the 
Test  of  Honour;  The  Fille  de  Chambre; 
The  Inquisitor;  The  Trials  of  the  Heart; 
Reuben  and  Rachel;  Lucy  Temple,  a 
sequel  to  Charlotte  Temple;  Miscellane 
ous  Poems;  The  Slaves  of  Algiers,  an 
opera;  The  Volunteers,  a  farce;  and  The 
French  Patriot,  a  comedy.  She  died 
March  2,  1824,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

ROYALL,  MRS.  ANNE,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  11,  1769,  in  Virginia. 
She  was  a  well-known  and  unpopular 
Washington  journalist,  editor  of  the 
Washington  Paul  Pry,  whose  literary  style 
was  quite  devoid  of  merit.  She  was  the 
author  of  The  Black  Book;  The  Tennes- 
sean,  a  novel;  Sketches  of  History,  Life, 
and  Manners  in  the  United  States;  and 
A  Southern  Tour:  Letters  from  Alabama. 
She  died  Oct.  1,  1854,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

ROYALL,  ISAAC,  soldier,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  about  1720.  Among  numer 
ous  bequests  he  left  2,000  acres  of  land  in 
Worcester  county,  Mass.,  for  the  endow 
ment  of  a  law  professorship  in  Harvard. 
This  was  established  in  1815  and  is  known 
by  his  name.  The  town  of  Royalston, 
Worcester  county,  Mass,  was  named  for 
him.  He  died  in  October,  1781,  in  Eng 
land 

ROYCE.  HOMER  ELIHU,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  14,  1820,  in  East  Berkshire,  Vt.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Vermont  state  legis 
lature  in  1846  and  1847;  and  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  the  state  in  1848.  He 
was  a  state  senator  in  1849-51;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Vermont  to 
the  thirty-fifth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

ROYCE,  JOSIAH,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  20,  1855,  in  Grass  Valley, 
Cal.  He  is  a  professor  of  the  history  of 
philosophy  at  Harvard  university;  and 
the  author  of  The  Religious  Aspect  of 
Philosophy;  California:  a  Study  of  Amer 
ican  Character;  The  Feud  of  OaknVld 
Creek,  a  novel;  Primer  of  Logical  Analy 
sis;  and  The  Spirit  of  Modern  Philos 
ophy. 

ROYCE,  STEPHEN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Aug. 
12,  1787,  in  Tinmouth,  Vt.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Vermont  legislature  in  181">  and 
1816,  from  Sheldon  county,  and  from  1822 
to  1824  from  St.  Albans  county.  He  was 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state 
in  1826  and  1827,  and  from  1829  to  1852. 
He  was  chief  justice  from  1846  to  1851; 
and  was  governor  of  Vermont  from  1854 
to  1856.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1868.  in  East 
Berkshire,  Vt. 

ROYE,  EDWARD  JAMES,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1815,  in  Newark, 
Ohio.  He  became  president  of  Liberia, 
where  he  died  Feb.  12,  1872. 


HKRKINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


807 


ROYER,  JOHN  A.,  soldier,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1840,  in  Frank 
lin  county,  Pa.  During  the  civil  war  he 
was  appointed  surgeon  In  the  depart 
ment  of  Virginia;  subsequently  raised  a 
cavalry  company,  and  was  commissioned 
first  lieutenant.  For  twenty-five  years  he 
practiced  medicine  in  Carey,  Ohio;  and 
since  1893  in  Toledo.  For  four  years  he 
was  examining  pension  agent;  and  has 
filled  numerous  other  positions  of  honor. 

ROYER,  JOHN  GROFF,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  April  22,  1838,  in 
Hartleton,  Pa.  This  well-known  educat 
or  has  been  president  of  the  Mt.  Morris 
college,  Illinois,  since  1884. 

ROYSE,  LEMUEL  W.,  lawyer,  con-, 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1848,  in 
Kosciusko  county,  Ind.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney  for  the 
thirty-third  judicial  circuit  of  Indiana, 
which  office  he  held  two  years.  He  was 
elected  mayor  of  the  city  of  Warsaw  in 
1885  and  held  this  office  until  1891.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty- 
fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

RUBLEE,  HORACE,  journalist,  state 
librarian,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1829,  in  Berk 
shire,  Vt.  In  1869  he  was  appointed 
United  States  minister  to  Switzerland,  and 
held  that  position  until  1880.  In  1881  he 
assumed  the  editorship  of  the  Milwaukee 
Republican  and  News;  and  in  1882  be 
came  editor  of  the  Milwaukee  Sentinel. 

RUCKER,  DANIEL  HENRY,  soldier, 
was  born  April  28,  1812,  in  Belleville,  N.  J. 
In  1865  he  received  the  brevets  of  major- 
general,  United  States  army,  and  major- 
general,  United  States  volunteers,  for 
faithful  and  meritorious  service  during 
the  war. 

RUCKER,  HOWARD  LEWIS,  educator, 
was  born  Jan.  12,  1852,  in  Jacksonville, 
111.  He  is  president  of  the  university  of 
Commerce  and  Finance  in  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

RUCKER,  WILLIAM  P.,  soldier,  farm 
er,  physician,  lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  9, 
1831,  in  Lynchburg,  Va.  He  received  his 
education  in  Collins  institute,  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  and  the  Jefferson 
Medical  college.  He  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  two  years  for  Greenbrier  coun 
ty,  W.  Va. ;  and  two  years  for  Pocahontas 
couniy.  During  the  war  he  served  as  a 
major  of  the  thirteenth  regiment  West 
Virginia  infantry;  was  aid-de-camp  to 
Generals  Fremont,  Siegel  and  Crook; 
commanded  for  a  short  time  the  third 
district  of  the  West  Virginia  home 
guards.  After  the  war  he  was  a  success 
ful  merchant  and  tobacconist  of  Lynch 
burg,  Va.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  the  south,  and  practices  his  pro 
fession  in  Lewisburg,  W.  Va. 

RUDDER,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1820  in  British  Guinea. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Phila 
delphia,  rector  of  St.  Stephen's  church; 
and  the  author  of  Sermons;  and  A  Ra 
tionale  of  the  Church's  Liturgic  Worship. 

RUDE,  MRS.  ELLEN  SERGEANT, 
poet,  was  born  March  17,  1838,  in  Sodus, 
N.  Y.  She  is  a  temperance  advocate  of 
St.  Augustine,  Fla.;  and  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  Magnolia 
Leaves. 

RUDEL,  CHARLES  A.,  public  official, 
was  born  Aug.  26,  1868,  in  Baden,  Ger 
many.  He  is  prominent  in  political  af 
fairs  of  Peoria,  111.,  was  town  clerk  of 
Peoria  township  in  1893;  and  since  1894 
has  served  as  county  clerk. 

RUDY,  MARTIN,  pharmacist,  was  born 
Oct.  23,  1860,  in  Oregon,  Pa.  He  is  one 
of  the  leading  registered  pharmacists  and 
manufacturing  chemists  in  Pennsylvania. 
His  name  and  his  goods  have  a  world 


wide  reputation,  and  have  done  as  much 
as  any  other  local  industry  to  make  the 
city  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  familiar  to  people 
all  over  the  civilized  world;  his  busi 
ness  extending  to  England,  Mexico,  Aus 
tralia  and  other  foreign  countries. 

RUEBSAM,  JOHN  EMIL  HERMAN,  in 
ventor,  was  born  March  19,  1841,  in  Prus 
sia.  He  was  operator  and  inventor  for 
the  movement  treatment  at  the  Union 
hospital  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1876;  and 
he  Is  the  inventor  of  various  kinds  of  ap 
paratus  for  medical  use. 

RUFFIN,  EDMUND,  soldier,  agricult 
urist,  journalist,  state  legislator,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  5,  1794,  in  Prince  George 
county,  Va.  He  served  in  the  Virginia 
legislature,  was  secretary  of  the  state 
board  of  agriculture,  agricultural  survey 
or  of  South  Carolina,  for  many  years  was 
president  of  the  Virginia  Agricultural  so 
ciety,  and  was  the  discoverer  of  the  value 
of  marl  as  a  fertilizer  of  poor  soil,  by  the 
use  of  which  millions  of  dollars  were  add 
ed  to  the  value  of  real  estate  of  eastern 
Virginia.  He  published  Essay  on  Calcare 
ous  Manures;  Essay  on  Agricultural  Ed 
ucation;  and  Anticipations  of  the  Future 
to  Serve  as  Lessons  for  the  Present  Time. 
He  died  June  15,  1865,  in  Redmoor,  Va. 

RUFFIN,  MARGARET  E.,  poet,  was 
born  Aug.  26,  1857,  in  Baldwin  county, 
Ala.  She  is  proficient  in  music,  a  linguist, 
and  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  Drifting  Leaves. 

RUFFIN,  THOMAS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Edgecombe 
county,  N.  C.  He  served  as  circuit  at 
torney  of  the  seventh  judicial  circuit  of 
the  state  of  Missouri  from  1844  to  1848. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
North  Carolina  to  the  thirty-third,  thirty- 
fourth,  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses.  He  took  part  in  the  rebellion  of 
1861  as  a  member  of  the  confederate  con 
gress,  having  previously  been  a  delegate 
to  the  peace  congress  of  1861.  He  died 
in  October,  1863,  in  Alexandria,  Va. 

RUFFIN,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  17, 
1787,  in  King  and  Queen  county,  Va.  He 
served  in  the  North  Carolina  legislature 
in  1813-16,  becoming  speaker  in  the  latter 
year;  was  judge  of  the  supreme  court  in 
1816-18,  and  elected  again  from  1825;  and 
was  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  from  1829  till  1852,  and  again  in 
1856-58,  after  which  he  served  as  presid 
ing  judge  of  the  county  court.  He  died 
Jan.  15,  1870,  in  Hillsboro,  N.  C. 

RUFFNER,  HENRY,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1789,  in 
Page  county,  Va.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Virginia;  a  noted  opponent 
of  slavery;  and  the  author  of  Fathers  of 
the  Desert:  a  History  of  Monarchism;  and 
Future  Punishment.  He  died  Dec.  17, 
1861,  in  Maiden,  Va. 

RUFFNER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1824,  in  Virginia.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Philadelphia,  and  from  1870 
state  superintendent  of  public  instruction 
in  Virginia.  He  is  the  author  of  Charity 
and  the  Clergy. 

RUGER,  THOMAS  HOWARD,  soldier, 
was  born  April  2,  1833,  in  Lima,  N.  Y. 
In  1862  he  was  commissioned  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  and  was  subse 
quently  promoted  to  major-general.  In 
1868  he  was  provisional  governor  of 
Georgia;  and  during  1871-76  was  superin 
tendent  of  the  United  States  Military 
academy. 

RUGER,  WILLIAM  CRAWFORD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1824,  in 
Bridgewater,  N.  Y.  In  1882  he  was  elect 
ed  chief  judge  of  the  New  York  court  of 
appeals. 


RUGGLES,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  21, 
1782,  in  Pomfret,  Conn.  In  1810  he  was 
elected  president  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  for  the  third  circuit  of 
Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from  Ohio,  serving  from 
1815  to  1833.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1857,  in  St. 
Clairsville,  Ohio. 

RUGGLES,  CHARLES  HERMAN,  was 
born  Feb.  10,  1789,  in  Milford,  Conn.  Re 
moving  to  New  York  he  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  legislature  in  1820.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1821  to  1823;  and  was  for 
many  years  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court. 
He  served  for  a  second  term  in  the  state 
legislature;  was  made  a  judge  of  the 
court  of  appeals  and  presiding  judge  from 
1853;  and  retired  from  the  bench  in  1855. 
He  died  June  16,  1865,  in  Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y. 

RUGGLES,  DANIEL,  soldier,  was  born 
Jan.  31,  1810,  in  Barre,  Mass.  He  joined 
the  confederate  army,  and  was  commis 
sioned  brigadier-general  in  the  same  year. 
He  became  major-general  in  1863,  and 
commanded  the  department  of  the  Mis 
sissippi. 

RUGGLES,  EMILY,  merchant,  was  born 
July  16,  1827,  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  She  is 
a  descendant  of  Peregrine  White,  the  first 
child  born  among  the  Pilgrims  of  Massa 
chusetts.  Being  deeply  interested  in  the 
reforms  of  the  day,  she  was  one  of  the 
first  women  in  Massachusetts  elected  to 
the  office  of  school  committee. 

RUGGLES,  GEORGE  DAVID,  soldier, 
was  born  Sept.  11,  1833,  in  Newburgh, 
N.  Y.  In  1855  he  graduated  from  West 
Point;  and  served 
on  the  frontier  and 
in  «be  territories  un 
til  1861.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served 
with  Patterson  in 
1861;  in  charge  of 
the  organization  of 
the  volunteer  army 
in  1861-62;  chief  of 
staff  under  Pope  in 
1862;  and  with  Sec 
retary  Stanton  in 
1863.  During  1863- 
64  he  was  in  the  conscription  bureau  and 
inspection;  and  in  1865  was  adjutant- 
general  army  of  the  Potomac  under 
Meade.  During  1868-76  he  was  in  the 
department  of  the  Platte;  and  during  the 
next  four  years  was  in  the  department  of 
the  Dakota.  He  won  many  brevets  for 
bravery  and  meritorious  services;  at 
tained  the  rank  of  adjutant-general  of  the 
army;  and  was  retired  in  1896. 

RUGGLES,  HENRY  STODDARD,  finan 
cier,  author,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1846,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  has  been  for  many- 
years  engaged  in  the 
management  of  trust 
property,  having 
charge  of  large  es 
tates  in  Boston.  His 
residence  is  in  the 
town  of  Wakefield,  a 
suburb  of  that  city. 
During  his  leisure, 
he  has  turned  his 
attention  somewhat 
towards  literature, 
writing  over  his 
own  name  as  well  as 
his  nom-de-plume  of  Henry  Stoddard. 
He  has  also  contributed  many  pa 
pers  to  historical  and  other  periodicals 
in  addition  to  several  books;  and  his 
writings  have  been  a  valuable  acquisition 
to  current  literature. 


MIS 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


RUGGLES,  JOHN,  mechanic,  lawyer, 
state  legislator.  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1789,  in  Westborough, 
Mass.  He  was  nine  times  elected  to  the 
Maine  legislature,  and  officiated  as  speak 
er  three  years.  From  1831  to  1835  he  was 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  He 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Maine 
from  1835  to  1841.  He  died  June  20,  1874, 
in  Thomaston,  Maine. 

RUGGLES,  JOSEPH  WESLEY,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1837,  in 
Milan.  Ohio.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Con 
servatory  School  of  Music  at  the  Upper 
Iowa  university  of  Fayette.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  anthems,  cantatas, 
and  Sunday  school  songs. 

RUGGLES,  NATHANIEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1761  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1813  to  1819.  He  died 
Dec.  19,  1819,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 

RUGGLES,  SAMUEL  BULKELEY, 
lawyer,  financier,  was  born  April  11,  1800, 
in  New  Milford,  Conn.  He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Erie  canal;  and 
was  a  representative  of  the  United  States 
in  the  international  monetary  conference 
at  Paris  in  1867.  He  laid  out  and  pre 
sented  Gramercy  Park  to  the  city  of  New 
York.  He  died  Aug.  28,  1881,  in  Fire 
Island,  N.  Y. 

RUGGLES,  STEPHEN  PRESTON,  in 
ventor,  was  born  July  4,  1808,  in  Wind 
sor,  Vt.  He  was  the  original  inventor  of 
the  movable  platen  in  printing  presses, 
and  of  many  other  features  which  are 
still  In  use  in  printing  presses.  He  also 
invented  types,  presses,  and  paper  f6r 
printing  for  the  blind,  which  now,  like 
his  devices  for  stereotyping,  paper-cutting 
and  ruling  and  metal  working  machinery, 
have  become  common  property.  He  died 
May  28,  1880,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

RUGGLES,  WILLIAM,  educator,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1797,  in 
Rochester,  Mass.  He  was  a  generous 
contributor  to  charitable  objects,  especial 
ly  those  of  the  baptist  denomination.  To 
Karen  Theological  school,  in  Burmah,  he 
gave  during  his  life  $15,000,  and  at  his 
death  he  left  it  a  legacy  of  $25,000.  He 
died  Sept.  10,  1877,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

RULISON,  NELSON  SOMERVILLE 
bishop,  was  born  April  24,  1842,  in  Car 
thage,  N.  Y.  In  1867  he  became  rector 
of  Zion  church  of  Morris,  N.  Y.;  and  three 
years  later  went  to  Jersey  City,  and  there 
founded  and  built  the  St.  John's  Free 
church.  He  was  subsequently  consecrat 
ed  protestant  episcopal  bishop  of  central 
Pennsylvania. 

RUMFORD,  BENJAMIN  THOMPSON, 
count,  philosopher,  statesman,  author 
was  born  in  1753  in  Maine.  He  was  a 
statesman  and  philosopher.  After  serving 
Great  Britain  in  the  war  of  the  revolution 
he  entered  the  service  of  the  elector  of 
Bavaria,  rose  to  the  position  of  minister 
of  war,  and  was  created  count  of  the  Holy 
Roman  empire,  taking  his  title  Rumford 
from  Rumford,  now  Concord,  N.  H.  He 
was  the  author  of  Essays:  Political,  Eco 
nomical,  and  Philosophical.  He  died  Aug. 
21,  1814,  near  Paris,  France. 

RUMPLE,  JETHRO,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  10.  1827,  in  Cabarrus 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  ordained  to  the 
Presbyterian  ministry  in  1857.  After  hold 
ing  pastorates  in  Mecklenburg  county,  he 
was  called  in  I860  to  Salisbury.  N.  C., 
where  he  has  since  remained.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  councils  of 
his  church,  and  published  History  of  Row 
an  County,  N.  C.;  and  History  of  the  First 
Fifty  Years  of  Davidson  College;  and 
History  of  Presbyterianism  in  North 
Carolina. 


RUMSEY,  BENJAMIN,  congressman, 
was  born  about  1730.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  Maryland  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1776  to  1778. 

RUMSEY,  DAVID,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1847 
to  1851. 

RUMSEY,  EDWARD,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1837 
to  1839. 

RUMSEY,  JOSEPH  B..  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1842,  in  Maines- 
burg,  Pa.  Since  1892  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Olean,  Oswayo  and  Eastern 
railroad. 

RUNCIE,  MRS.  CONSTANCE 
[FAUNT  LE  ROY],  author,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  15,  1836,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
She  is  a  writer 
whose  home  was 
many  years  at  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.  She  is 
the  author  of  Di 
vinely  Led;  Poems, 
Dramatic  and  Lyric; 
Woman's  Work;  Fe- 
1  i  x  Mendelssohn; 
and  Children's  Stor 
ies  and  Fables.  Be 
sides  the  publication 
of  these  works,  she 
has  contributed  both 
prose  and  verse  to  the  leading  newspapers 
and  magazines  of  the  United  States. 

RUNK,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1841;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1845  to 
1847. 

RUNKLE,  JOHN  DANIEL,  educator, 
mathematician,  author,  was  born  Oct.  11, 
1822,  in  Root,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  noted  mathe 
matician,  professor  of  mathematics  in  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  in 
1870-78;  and  the  author  of  Elements  of 
Plane  and  Solid  Analytic  Geometry. 

RUNKLE,  LUCIA  ISABELLA,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  20,  1844,  in  North  Brook- 
field,  Mass.  For  many  years  she  was  an 
editorial  writer  and  contributor  to  the 
New  York  Tribune,  in  which  she  pub 
lished  a  brilliant  series  of  articles  on 
Cooking,  treated  from  an  artistic  stand 
point,  which  attracted  much  attention. 

RUNNELS,  HARRISON  R.,  state  legis 
lator,  governor,  was  born  in  Mississippi. 
He  emigrated  to  Texas  in  1841,  served  in 
the  legislature  of  the  state  and  was  speak 
er  of  the  house;  and  in  1855  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor.  In  1857  he  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  Texas.  He  died  in  Cowie 
county,  Miss. 

RUNNELS,  HIRAM  G.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Mississippi  from  1833  to 
1835. 

RUNYAN,  JOHN  N.,  soldier,  was  born 
April  26,  1846,  in  Warsaw,  Ind.  He  left 
Warsaw  in  December,  1861,  with  a  num 
ber  of  recruits  for 
company  E,  twelfth 
Indiana  infantry.  He 
was  promoted  second 
lieutenant  in  1X63. 
At  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  the 
captain  and  first 
lieutenant  being 
wounded  early  in  the 
action,  the  command 
I  of  his  company  de- 
H  volved  upon  Lieu 
tenant  Runyan.  As 
a  drill  master  he  was  one  of  the  best.  It 
was  while  nmagi'd  jn  a  sharp  skirmish 
June  15.  1864.  at  the  foot  of  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  that  Lieutenant  Runyan  dis 
played  remarkable  bra\ery. 


RUPP,  ISAAC  DANIEL,  author,  was 
born  July  10,  1803,  in  Cumberland  county, 
Pa.  He  was  an  industrious  local  histori 
an  of  Pennsylvania,  who,  besides  writing 
histories  of  nearly  thirty  counties  in  his 
state,  published  also  Events  in  Indian 
History;  History  of  Religious  Denomina 
tions  in  the  United  States;  Early  History 
of  Western  Pennsylvania;  and  Thirty 
Thousand  Names  of  German  Emigrants 
He  died  May  31,  1878,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
RUSCHENBERGER,  WILLIAM  S.  W., 
naval  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4, 
1807,  in  Cumberland  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  noted  naval  surgeon  and  natural 
ist  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of 
Elements  of  Natural  History;  A  Voyage 
Around  the  World;  Three  Weeks  in  the 
Pacific;  Notes  and  Commentaries  Dur 
ing  Voyages  to  Brazil  and  China;  Lexi 
con  of  Natural  History  Terms;  Account 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
in  Philadelphia;  and  The  Brothers  Rog 
ers.  He  died  in  1895. 

RUSH,  BENJAMIN,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  Dec. 
24,  1745,  in  Bristol,  Pa.  He  was  an  earn 
est  advocate  of  the 
cause  of  liberty;  was 
a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  in 
1776  and  1777,  and  a 
signer  of  the  declara 
tion  of  independence. 
He  was  a  member 
of  the  convention 
called  to  ratify  the 
federal  constitution, 
and  subsequently  held 
the  post  of  cashier  of 
the  United  States 
mint.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  so 
ciety  for  the  Abolition  of  Slavery,  the 
Philadelphia  Bible  society,  the  Philadel 
phia  Medical  society,  and  the  American 
Philosophical  society.  He  was  the  author 
of  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Mind;  Es 
says,  Literary,  Moral  and  Philosophical; 
and  Sixteen  Introductory  Lectures.  He 
died  April  19,  1813,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RUSH,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  author 
was  born  Jan.  23,  1811,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  and 
the  author  of  Appeal  for  the  Union;  and 
letters  on  the  Rebellion,  1862.  He  died 
June  30,  1877,  in  Paris,  France. 

RUSH,  JACOB,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  in  1746  in  Byberry  township. 
Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  jurist,  and 
the  author  of  Charges  on  Moral  and  Reli- 
Sious  Subjects;  Character  of  Christ;  and 
Christian  Baptism.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1820, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RUSH,  JAMES,  philanthropist,  author, 
was  born  March  1,  1786,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  distinguished  Philadelphia 
citizen,  and  the  founder  of  the  Ridgeway 
library,  to  which  he  left  one  million  dol 
lars.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Philoso 
phy  of  the  Human  Voice;  Analysis  of  the 
Human  Intellect;  and  Rhymes  of  Con 
trast  on  Wisdom  and  Folly.  He  died 
May  26,  1869,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RUSH,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  orator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  29.  1780,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  In  1814  he  was  appointed  attor 
ney-general  of  the  United  States.  In 
1817  he  was  appointed  minister  to  Eng 
land,  serving  until  1825.  He  was  secre 
tary  of  the  treasury  under  President  J.  Q. 
Adams;  was  candidate  for  vice-president 
on  the  ticket  with  Adams,  and  in  1847  was 
appointed  minister  to  France,  remaining 
in  otlice  ten  years.  In  1833  he  published  A 
Residence  at  the  Court  of  St.  James;  a 
Sequel  to  it  in  1845,  and  in  1857,  Familiar 
Letters  of  Washington.  In  1860  a  volume 
of  Occasional  Productions  was  pub 
lished.  He  died  July  30,  1859,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


809 


RUSK,  HARRY  WELLES,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  17,  1852,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1872 
he  graduated  from 
the  Maryland  univer 
sity  law  school  with 
the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
For  six  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the 
Maryland  house  of 
delegates;  and  for 
four  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maryland 
senate.  He  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Baltimore 
to  the  forty-ninth 

congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second, 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses. 

RUSK,  JEREMIAH  McLAIN,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  17,  1830,  in  Morgan  county,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  Wisconsin  legis 
lature  in  1862.  He 
was  commissioned 
major  of  Wisconsin 
volunteers  in  1862, 
and  was  brevetted 
brigadier  -  general. 
He  was  elected  bank 
comptroller  of  Wis 
consin  in  1866,  and 
re-elected  for  1868. 
He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from 
Wisconsin  to  the  forty-second,  forty-third 
and  forty-fourth  congresses.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Wisconsin  in  1882, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1884  and  in  1886.  In 
1889  he  was  elected  secretary  of  agricul 
ture. 

RUSK,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  8,  1802,  in  Camden,  S.  C. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  house  of 
representatives  and  as  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court,  which  last  office  he  re 
signed  early  in  1842.  In  1845  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  convention  that  consummated 
the  annexation  of  Texas  to  the  United 
States.  Upon  the  admission  of  Texas  into 
the  Union  in  1845  he  was  elected  one  of 
the  senators  in  the  congress  of  the  United 
States,  in  which  office  he  served  two  terms 
and  was  re-elected  for  the  third  term, 
ending  in  1863.  He  died  July  29,  1856,  in 
Nacogdoches,  Texas. 

RUSS,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Ipswich,  Mass.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Connecticut  from 
1819  to  1823.  He  died  June  22,  1832,  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 

RUSSELL,  ADDISON  PEALE,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1826  in  Ohio.  He 
is  an  Ohio  journalist  and  essayist,  now 
living  in  retirement  in  Wilmington,  Ohio. 
He  is  the  author  of  Half  Tints;  Library 
Notes;  Thomas  Corwin,  a  Sketch;  Charac 
teristics;  A  Club  of  One;  In  a  Club  Cor 
ner;  and  Sub-Ccelum. 

RUSSELL,  ALFRED,  jurist,  scholar, 
orator,  was  born  March  18,  1830,  in  Ply 
mouth,  N.  H.  In  1850  he  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  college, 
and  in  1852  from  the 
Harvard  college  law 
school.  The  same 
year  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  of 
New  Hampshire;  the 
following  year  to  the 
bar  of  Michigan:  to 
the  bar  of  the  Unit 
ed  States  circuit 
court  on  June  25, 
1853,  and  to  the  bar 
of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  United  States  at  Washington  in 


1858.  He  took  part  in  the  formation  of 
the  republican  party.  In  1864  he  was 
sent  to  Montreal  and  Toronto  by  Secre 
tary  Seward  to  procure  extradition  of  the 
St.  Albans  and  Lake  Erie  raiders.  He 
was  appointed  United  States  district  at 
torney  by  President  Lincoln;  and  has 
been  professor  of  federal  jurisprudence  in 
the  Detroit  College  of  Law.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  many  patriotic  and  college  ad 
dresses,  and  has  achieved  a  national  rep 
utation  among  the  lawyers  and  scholars 
of  America. 

RUSSELL,  AMOS  B.,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  Feb.  24,1825,  in  Woodstock,  N.H. 
After  taking  a  theological  course  he  be 
came  pastor  of  the 
methodist  church  of 
Gilmanton,  N.  H.  He 
has  traveled  exten 
sively  in  Europe; 
and  now  fills  the  pas 
torate  in  East  Lemp- 
ster.  His  poems 
have  appeared  in  the 
Boston  Christian 
Witness,  and  other 
prominent  religious 
publications;  and  his 
poems  also  appeared 
in  Poets  of  America  and  other  standard 
works;  and  are  a  valuable  acquisition  to 
American  literature. 

RUSSELL,  ARCHIBALD,  philanthrop 
ist,  was  born  in  1811  in  Scotland.  He 
settled  in  New  York  city  in  1836,  where 
he  devoted  his  time  and  fortune  to  ben 
evolent  and  educational  enterprises, 
founding  the  Five  Points  mission,  of 
which  he  was,  president  for  eighteen 
years,  and  aiding  in  establishing  the  Half- 
Orphan  asylum,  of  which  he  was  a  vice- 
president.  He  died  April  12,  1871,  in  New 
York  city. 

RUSSELL,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  state  senator,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  13,  1761,  in  Boston,  Mass.  For 
twenty-four  years  he  was  a  representa 
tive  from  Boston  to  the  general  court, 
and  was  several  years  in  the  state  senate. 
For  many  years  he  was  the  editor  and 
owner  of  the  Columbian  Sentinel.  He 
died  Jan.  4,  1845,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

RUSSELL,  BENJAMIN  EDWARD,  sol 
dier,  journalist,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1845,  in  Monticello, 
Fla.  He  entered  the 
confederate  army  as 
a  drummer  boy  in 
the  first  Georgia  reg 
iment,  and  upon  the 
disbanding  of  this 
regiment  he  immedi 
ately  enlisted  in  the 
eighth  Florida  regi 
ment,  continuing 
with  it  the  last  three 
years  of  the  war  with 
the  rank  of  first  lieu 
tenant.  He  entered 
the  printing  business,  and  has  been  twen 
ty-one  years  editor  of  the  Bainbridge 
Democrat.  In  1877  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  state  constitutional  convention;  dele 
gate  to  the  national  democratic  conven 
tion  in  1880,  and  mayor  of  Bainbridge  in 
1881-82.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
legislature  1SS2-83,  and  postmaster  at 
Bainbridpre  from  1885  to  1890.  He  was 
Heeled  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

RUSSELL,  BENJAMIN  F.,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1844, 
in  Greenwood,  Maine.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  as  lieutenant  in  the  third 
regiment  Massachusetts  cavalry.  He  has 
served  as  a  representative  in  the  Missouri 
state  legislature,  and  has  been  speaker 
in  that  body. 


RUSSELL,  CHARLES  ADDISON,  sol 
dier,  merchant,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  2,  1852,  in  Worces 
ter,  Mass.  He  re 
ceived  a  public 
school  and  collegiate 
education,  and  in 
1873  graduated  from 
Yale  college  Dur 
ing  1881-82  he  was 
aide  -de  -  camp  on 
Governor  Bigelow's 
staff,  with  the  rank 
of  colonel.  In  1883 
he  was  a  member  of 
the  general  assembly 
of  Connecticut;  and 
in  1885-86  was  secretary  of  state  of  Con 
necticut.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first, 
fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and 
fifty-fifth  congresses.  He  is  a  successful 
woolen  merchant  of  Killingly,  Conn. 

RUSSELL,  DANIEL  LINDSAY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  7, 
1845,  in  Brunswick  county,  N.  C.  He 
was  elected  to  the  North  Carolina  state 
legislature  in  1864,  and  re-elected  in  1865. 
He  was  elected  judge  of  the  superior 
courts  for  the  fourth  judicial  circuit  in 
1868,  and  served  six  years;  and  was  again 
elected  to  the  legislature  in  1876.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-sixth  congress. 

RUSSELL,  DAVID,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1800 
in  Massachusetts.  He  was  in  the  legis 
lature  in  1816  and  in  1830,  subsequently 
United  States  district  attorney  for  north 
ern  New  York,  and  in  1835-41  was  a  mem 
ber  of  congress.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1862, 
in  Salem,  N.  Y. 

RUSSELL,  EMORY  POOLE,  musician, 
educator,  lecturer,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1855, 
in  New  York  city.  This  eminent  musi 
cian  was  proprietor  and  director  of  the 
Conservatory  of  Music  in  New  York 
state,  and  is  now  director  of  music  in 
Providence,  R.  I. 

RUSSELL,  FRANCIS  THAYER,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  June 
10,  1828,  in  Roxbury,  Mass.  He  is  an 
episcopal  clergyman  and  educator  of  Wat- 
erbury,  Conn.,  rector  of  St.  Margaret's 
school  there,  and  voice  instructor  in  the 
General  Theological  seminary  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Use 
of  the  Voice. 

RUSSELL,  GEORGE  H.,  scientific  tan 
ner,  was  born  April  27,  1835,  in  Laugh- 
tenstown,  Pa.  For  many  years  he  was 
superintendent  of  the  Russell  Belting  and 
Tanning  company  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  and 
New  York  city.  He  is  the  inventor  of  a 
system  of  tanning  fine  oak  harness  leath 
er,  a  process  which  makes  a  fine  grade 
out  of  a  fair  sole  leather  for  fine  work, 
nice  russet  and  belting. 

RUSSELL,  HARRY  LUMAN,  bacteriol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  March  12,  1866, 
in  Poynette,  Wis.  For  many  years  he  has 
filled  the  chair  of  bacteriology  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Wisconsin;  and  is  the  con 
sulting  bacteriologist  to  the  Wisconsin 
state  board  of  health.  He  has  made  val 
uable  researches  in  bacteriology;  and  is 
the  author  of  Russell's  Outlines  of  Dairy 
Bacteriology. 

RUSSELL,  HENRY,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  24,  1842,  in  Port  Kent,  N.  Y.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  songs.  Among 
his  best  known  are,  The  Maniac;  I'm 
Afloat;  The  Ivy  Green;  A  Life  on  the 
Green  Wave;  Woodman,  Spare  that  Tree; 
The  Old  Arm-Chair;  anu  There's  a  Good 
Time  Coming,  Boys. 

RUSSELL,  IRWIN,  author,  was  born  in 
1853.  He  is  a  southern  writer  of  dialect 
verse;  and  the  author  of  Dialect  Poems. 
He  died  in  1879. 


810 


MKKRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


RUSSELL,  ISRAEL  COOK,  educator, 
geologist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1852, 
in  Garrattsville,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  professor 
of  geology  in  the  university  of  Michigan 
from  1892,  anil  a  geologist  in  the  United 
States  geological  survey,  in  1880-92.  He 
is  the  author  of  Lakes  of  North  America; 
Lake  Lahontan;  Quarternary  History  of 
Moro  Valley;  Glaciers  of  North  America; 
Present  and  Extinct  Lakes  of  Nevada; 
and  Volcanoes  of  North  America,  and 
many  geological  reports. 

RUSSELL,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1640,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  1679,  an  assistant  in  1680-86,  and 
one  of  Gov.  Joseph  Dudley's  council.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  council  of  safety 
in  1689,  a  leader  in  the  revolutionary 
movement  of  that  day,  a  councillor  under 
the  new  charter  in  1692,  and  was  a  judge 
and  treasurer  of  Massachusetts  in  1680-86. 
He  died  April  28,  1709,  in  Charlestown, 
Mass. 

RUSSELL,  JAMES  M.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1786,  in  York,  Pa. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died 
Dec.  20,  1870,  in  Bedford,  Pa. 

RUSSELL,  JEREMIAH,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1843  to  1845. 

RUSSELL,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1805  to  1809. 

RUSSELL,  JOHN  E.,  agriculturist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1834,  in 
Greenfield,  Mass.  He  was  elected  secre 
tary  of  the  Massachusetts  state  board  of 
agriculture  in  1880,  and  was  five  times 
re-elected,  serving  until  he  was  elected 
to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

RUSSELL,  JOHN  HENRY,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  July  4,  1827,  in  Frederick 
City,  Md.  He  served  in  the  United  States 
navy  during  the  civil  war,  attaining  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-commander  in  1862; 
and  in  1886  he  was  commissioned  rear-ad 
miral. 

RUSSELL,  JONATHAN,  diplomat,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1771  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  He  was  appointed  minister  pleni 
potentiary  to  Sweden  in  1814,  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1821  to  1823.  He  died  Feb. 
19,  1832,  in  Milton,  Mass. 

RUSSELL,  JOSEPH,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1845  to  1847,  and  from 
1851  to  1853. 

RUSSELL,  L.  A.,  musician,  author,  was 
born  in  1834,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  He  is  the 
musical  director  of  the  Newark  College  of 
Music,  the  author  of  How  to  Read  Mu 
sic;  and  composer  of  several  pieces  for 
the  pianoforte,  voice,  orchestra  and  cho 
rus. 

RUSSELL,  LAWRENCE,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1855,  in  Rus- 
sellville,  Ark.  During  1891-94  he  served 
as  a  representative  in  the  Arkansas  state 
legislature.  He  is  an  able  lawyer  and 
practices  his  profession  in  Russellville, 
Ark. 

RUSSELL,  LILLIAN,  operatic  singer, 
was  born  Dec.  4,  1861,  in  Clinton,  Iowa. 
Her  father  was  Charles  E.  Leonard,  who 
died  in  1897,  and  for  many  years  prior  to 
his  death  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Knight  and  Leonard,  the  well-known 
printers  and  publishers  of  Chicago.  Her 
mother,  Cynthia  Leonard,  has  been  for 
many  years  a  prominent  advocate  of  fe 
male  suffrage  and  other  reforms.  Lillian 
made  her  debut  as  a  ballad  singer  in  New 
York  city;  went  to  Europe  in  1883,  and 
from  1885  attained  rank  as  one  of  the 


foremost  operatic  singers  of  the  century. 
Her  labors  on  the  stage  have  been  highly 
profitable,  and  she  is  now  the  possessor 
of  a  comfortable  home  in  New  York  city. 
She  has  been  married  and  has  one  daugh 
ter. 

RUSSELL,  NOADIAH,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1659  in  Middletown,  Conn.  In 
1688  he  was  ordained  minister  of  the 
church  in  Middletown,  where  he  remained 
until  his  death.  He  was  one  of  the  twelve 
founders  of  Yale,  and  a  trustee  of  that 
college.  His  Diary  is  published  in  the 
New  England  Historical  Register  for  Jan 
uary,  1853.  He  died  Dec.  3,  1V13,  in  Mid 
dletown,  Conn. 

RUSSELL,  O.  E.,  business  man,  was 
born  May  4,  1848,  in  Meigs  county,  Ohio. 
He  is  a  successful  business  man  of  Mid- 
dleport,  Ohio,  where  he  is  engaged  in 
the  stationery  and  printing  business.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  city  council; 
a  delegate  of  the  supreme  council  of  the 
A.  P.  A.  at  Washington,  and  has  filled 
various  other  public  positions  of  trust. 

RUSSELL,  RICHARD,  colonist,  was 
born  in  1612  in  England.  He  came  to  this 
country  in  1640,  was  a  representative  in 
1646,  speaker  of  the  house  in  1648-49, 
1654,  1656,  and  1658,  assistant  in  1659-76, 
and  treasurer  of  Massachusetts  from  1644 
until  his  death.  He  died  May  14,  1674,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass. 

RUSSELL,  S.  DOUGLAS,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1862,  in  Natchez, 
Miss.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Alcon  university  of  Rodney,  Miss.,  and  is 
now  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Kingfisher 
City,  O.  T.,  and  the  editor  and  owner  of 
The  Constitution  of  that  city. 

RUSSELL.  SAMUEL  L.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1853  to  1855. 

RUSSELL,  SHELDON  C.,  soldier,  law 
yer,    was   born    May  26,   1832,    in   Wayne 
county,    Pa.     He    attended    the    academy 
.  in   Coudersport,    Pa., 

•••^••••••j  where  he  also  stud- 

•  led  law.     In  1856  he 

f     j^^J|  moved     to     Kansas, 

•JKWb^  I  and  was  admitted  to 
I  the  bar  three  years 
'  later  at  Lawrence, 
where  he  has  since 
been  successfully  en 
gaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  In 
1861  he  enlisted  In 
the  eighth  regiment, 
Kansas  volunteer  in 
fantry,  as  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant; 
served  in  the  army  of  the  Cumberland; 
and  was  later  commissioned  a  major  of 
the  thirteenth  Kansas.  He  represented 
Douglas  county  in  the  state  convention 
that  nominated  Governor  S.  J.  Crawford, 
and  was  offered  the  position  of  paymaster 
in  the  regular  army  by  Abraham  Lincoln. 

RUSSELL,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1827 
to  1833,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 

RUSSELL,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1090,  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  He  declined  the  presidency 
of  Yale  college,  was  one  of  its  trustees, 
and  published  a  sermon  entitled  The  De 
cay  of  Love  to  God  in  Churches. 

RUSSELL,  WILLIAM,  elocutionist,  au 
thor,  was  J>orn  April  28,  1798,  in  Scotland. 
He  was  an  elocutionist  of  note,  widely 
known  in  his  day  as  a  teacher,  and  the 
author  of  Orthophony,  or  Vocal  Culture; 
Pulpit  Elocution;  Lessons  in  Enuncia 
tion;  and  Grammar  of  Composition.  He 
died  May  17,  1873,  in  Lancaster,  Mass. 


RUSSELL,  WILLIAM,  author,  was  borm 
Dec.  28,  1835,  in  Tennessee.  He  is  a  prac 
tical  horseshoer;  and  is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  Russell  on  Scientific  Horse 
shoeing.  He  is  conceded  to  be  the  stand 
ard  authority  on  horseshoeing;  has  over 
two  hundred  different  styles  of  horse 
shoes,  which  have  been  made  during  the 
past  half  century,  and  at  the  World's  Col 
umbian  exposition  he  received  the  first 
prize  medal  and  diploma. 

RUSSELL,  WILLIAM,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  July  16,  1842,  near 
Centerville,  Ind.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education  in  the  common  schools, 
Richmond  academy,  and  the  Illinois 
State  Normal  university.  In  1869  he  was 
superintendent  of  schools  of  Marion.  Ind., 
and  during  the  years  1877-85  was  a  teach 
er  in  the  Marion  public  schools  and  the 
Marion  Normal  school.  Since  1890  he  has 
been  connected  with  the  Southland  col 
lege,  and  since  1891  has  been  its  presi 
dent. 

RUSSELL.  WILLIAM  A.,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  22,  1831,  in  Wells  River,  Vt.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  Massachusetts 
state  legislature  in  1869,  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty- 
eighth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

RUSSELL,  WILLIAM  EUSTIS,  govern 
or,  author,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1857,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  was  mayor  of  Cam 
bridge  during  1884-88;  and  for  three  terms 
he  served  as  governor  of  Massachusetts 
(Hiring  1890-93.  He  was  the  author  of 
Speeches  and  Messages.  He  died  in  1896. 

RUSSELL,  WILLIAM  F.,  merchant, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Saugerties,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  New  York  in  1850.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York  in 
the  thirty-fifth  congress. 

RUSSELL,  WILLIAM  HOWARD,  law 
yer,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1867,  in  Livermore, 
Pa.  In  1879  he  moved  to  Kansas  with 
his  parents;  and  is  now  a  prominent  law 
yer  of  La  Crosse.  In  his  youth  he  taught 
school,  herded  cattle,  and  was  local  man 
ager  for  an  eastern  lumber  company.  He 
organized  a  camp  Sons  of  Veterans,  and 
was  subsequently  elected  commander-in- 
chiof. 

RUST,  ALBERT,  soldier,  congressman,, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  Removing  to  Ark 
ansas  he  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1855  to  1857, 
and  again  from  1859  to  1861.  He  took 
part  in  the  rebellion  of  1861,  and  was  a 
brigadier-general. 

RUST,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  L.,  author, 
was  born  in  Ellicott  City,  Md.  She  is  the 
general  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Woman's  Home  Missionary  society  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  from  its  for 
mation.  As  secretary  of  this  great  insti 
tution  she  has  written  seventeen  annual 
reports,  in  which  are  discussed  almost 
every  phase  of  home  missionary  work. 

RUST,  RICHARD  S.,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  philanthropist,  was  born 
Sept.  12,  1815,  in  Ipswich,  Mass.  As  early 
as  1837  he  was  a  lecturer  on  anti-slavery 
in  New  England.  Ho  originated  and  pub 
lished  the  American  Pulpit.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  Ellington  seminary  in  1842;  of 
the  New  Hampshire  conference  seminary 
and  Female  college  in  1850-54;  in  1858  was 
elected  the  first  president  of  Wilborforce 
college  of  Ohio,  and  in  1863  was  elected 
president  of  the  Wesleyan  college  for 
Women  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  For  twenty- 
five  years  he  was  field  and  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  Freedman's  Aid  and 
Southern  Educational  society  of  the  meth- 
odlst  episcopal  church,  of  which  he  waa 
one  of  the  founders. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


811 


RUST,  WILLIAM  APPLETON,  physi 
cian,  druggist,  legislator,  was  born  June 
22,  1823,  in  Gorham,  Maine.  He  attended 
the  Gorham  academy,  Maine  Medical 
school,  and  in  1846  graduated  at  the  New 
York  university.  He  has  been  trustee  of 
the  Maine  State  Reform  school;  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  house  of  represent 
atives,  and  a  member  of  the  Boston  school 
board.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  city 
hospital;  a  director  of  the  Metropolitan 
railroad;  for  twenty-five  years  a  director 
of  the  Blackstone  National  bank;  and 
vice-president  of  the  Penny  Savings  bank. 
For  eighteen  years  he  practiced  medicine 
with  success,  and  since  1865  has  been  a 
successful  wholesale  druggist  of  Boston. 

RUTER,  MARTIN,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  April  3,  1785, 
in  Charlton,  Mass.  When  Augusta  col 
lege,  Kentucky,  was  established  in  1828 
he  was  selected  for  the  presidency,  and  he 
held  that  office  until  he  resigned  in  order 
to  return  to  the  ministry  in  1832.  He 
preached  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  for  two  years, 
and  Then  became  president  of  Allegheny 
college.  Obtaining  the  appointment  of 
superintendent  of  the  mission  to  Texas, 
he  resigned  in  July,  1837.  Rutersville, 
Texas,  was  named  for  him,  and  the  col 
lege  there  was  founded  in  his  honor.  He 
published  a  Collection  of  Miscellaneous 
Pieces.  He  died  May  16,  1838,  in  Wash 
ington,  Texas. 

RUTGERS,  HENRY,  soldier,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1745,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly,  and  during  1802-26  was  a 
regent  in  the  New  York  State  univer 
sity.  Rutgers  college  of  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.,  was  named  in  his  honor,  he  having 
contributed  five  thousand  dollars  to  its 
funds. 

RUTHERFOORD,  JOHN,  governor,  was 
born  Dec.  6,  1792,  in  Richmond,  Va.  In 
1841  he  was  elected  governor  of  Virginia, 
serving  until  1842.  He  died  in  July,  1865. 
RUTHERFORD,  ALLAN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1839,  in  New  York 
city.  He  served  as  a  volunteer  officer 
during  the  rebellion,  and  became  a  briga 
dier-general  by  brevet.  In  1866  he  was 
appointed  a  captain  in  the  regular  army; 
and  resigned  in  1870  to  accept  the  office 
of  third  auditor  of  the  United  States  trea 
sury. 

RUTHERFORD.  GRIFFITH,  soldier, 
was  born  about  1731  in  Ireland.  In  1776 
he  was  appointed  a  brigadier-general  by 
the  provincial  congress.  In  1784  he  was  a 
state  senator  in  South  Carolina.  Ten 
years  later  he  became  president  of  the 
Tennessee  legislative  council.  A  county 
in  North  Carolina,  and  also  in  Tennessee, 
bear  his  name.  He  died  in  1794  in  Ten 
nessee. 

RUTHERFORD,  JOHN,  governor.  He 
was  a  native  of  Virginia.  He  was  govern 
or  of  that  state  in  1841  and  1842. 

RUTHERFORD,  JOHN,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  September, 
1760,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  senator 
of  the  United  States  from  New  Jersey 
from  1791  to  1798;  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1798,  1813,  and  1821,  and  was  the 
last  survivor  of  the  senators  in  congress 
during  the  administration  of  President 
Washington.  He  died  Feb.  23,  1840,  in 
Rutherford,  N.  J. 

RUTHERFORD,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  Dec.  6,  1792,  in  Richmond,  Va. 
He  was  for  many  years  president  of  the 
Virginia  Mutual  Assurance  society,  the 
first  institution  of  this  kind  in  the  state, 
and  held  that  post  until  his  death. 
He  became  lieutenant-governor  of  Vir 
ginia  in  1840.  He  died  in  July,  1866,  in 
Richmond,  Va. 


RUTHERFORD,  MILDRED  LEWIS,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  July  16,  1852,  in 
Athens,  Ga.  She  received  her  education 
in  the  Lucy  Cobb  institute  of  Athens,  Ga., 
and  during  1880-95  she  was  principal  in 
that  institution.  She  has  been  president 
of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  association  since 
1888;  president  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
Confederacy  since  its  organization;  and 
is  the  state  historian  for  Georgia  in  the 
U.  D.  C.  She  is  the  author  of  English 
Authors;  American  Authors;  Bible  Ques 
tions;  Bible  Authors;  Mannie  Brown, 
That  School  Girl;  Edward  Kennedy, 
That  College  Boy;  and  other  works. 

RUTHERFORD,  ROBERT,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Virginia  from  1793  to  1797. 

RIITHERFURD,  JOHN,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1760  in  New  York 
city.  In  1798  he  served  as  a  United 
States  senator.  He  died  Feb.  23,  1840,  in 
New  Jersey. 

RUTHRAUFF,  JOHN  M.,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1846, 
near  Canton,  Ohio.  This  eminent  clergy 
man  was  president  of  the  Rock  River  as 
sembly  during  1878-95,  and  is  now  presi 
dent  of  Carthage  college,  Illinois. 

RUTLEDGE,  EDWARD,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1749,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1774  to  1777,  and  signed  the  declara 
tion  of  independence.  He  served  in  the 
state  assembly,  and  in  1798  was  elected 
governor  of  South  Carolina.  He  died  Jan. 
23,  1800,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

RUTLEDGE,  EDWARD,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  11,  1799,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman  who  was  professor  of  moral 
philosophy  at  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  the  author  of  The  Family  Al 
tar;  and  History  of  the  Church  of  Eng 
land.  He  died  March  13,  1832,  in  Savan 
nah,  Ga. 

RUTLEDGE,  HUGH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  about  1741  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  In  1782-85  he  was  speak 
er  of  the  South  Carolina  state  house  of 
representatives.  In  1791  he  was  chosen 
by  the  legislature  one  of  the  three  judges 
of  the  court  of  equity  as  reconstituted  by 
a  lately  enacted  law,  which  office  he  filled 
till  his  death.  He  died  in  January,  1811, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

RUTLEDGE,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
in  1739  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress; 
and  in  1776  was  ap 
pointed  president  of 
South  Carolina,  and 
commander-  in- 
chief  of  that  colony, 
having  also  been  a 
member  of  the"  con 
vention  of  1774.  He 
was  governor  of  the 
state  in  1779;  was 
chancellor  of  the 
state  in  1784;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  to  frame 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and 
signed  that  instrument.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1797  to  1803. 
After  having  been  judge  of  the  court  of 
chancery,  chief  justice  of  South  Carolina, 
and  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States,  he  was  finally  promoted  to 
the  position  of  chief  justice,  but  was  not 
confirmed  by  the  senate.  He  died  in  July, 
1800,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

RUTTENBER,  EDWARD  MANNING, 
antiquarian,  author,  was  born  July  17, 
1824,  in  Bennington,  Vt.  He  is  an  anti 


quary  of  Newburg,  N.  Y.,  who  has  pub 
lished  a  History  of  Newburg;  History  of 
Orange  County;  and  History  of  the  Hud 
son  uiver  Tribes. 

RUTTER,  JAMES  H.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1836,  in  Lowell,. 
Mass.  In  1883  he  was  president  of  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad  company.  He 
died  June  27,  1885. 

RYALL,  D.  D.,  lawyer,  congressman,. 
was  born  in  Trenton,  N.  J.  He  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  Jer 
sey  from  1839  to  1841. 

RYALS,  GARLAND  MITCHELL,  farm 
er,  legislator,  was  born  May  27,  1839,  in 
Cumberland  county,  Va.  During  the  civil 
war  he  was  color  bearer  of  his  company; 
became  second  sergeant,  and  was  finally 
promoted  to  captain  and  major  of  cavalry, 
and  served  on  the  staffs  of  Lee,  Stuart  and 
Hampton.  After  the  war  he  engaged  in 
merchandising,  railroading  and  farming; 
and  in  1869  moved  to  Savannah,  Ga.  In 
1875  he  was  connected  with  a  cotton  farm, 
and  since  1880  has  pursued  truck  farming. 
In  1890  he  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Georgia  state  legislature. 
He  is  vice-president  of  the  Farmers'  Na 
tional  congress,  and  has  filled  various 
other  public  offices  of  trust. 

RYAN,  ABRAM  JOSEPH— Father  Ryan 
— clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1839, 
in  Norfolk,  Va.  He  was  a  Roman  catholic 
priest  and  verse-writer  of  the  south  whose 
verse  has  been  much  over-praised  in  some 
quarters.  He  was  the  author  of  Poems, 
Patriotic,  Religious,  and  Miscellaneous; 
The  Conquered  Banner,  and  Other  Po 
ems;  and  A  Crown  for  Our  Queen.  He 
died  April  22,  1886,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

RYAN,  EDWARD  GEORGE,  journalist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1810,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  city  attorney  of  Mil 
waukee  in  1870-72,  and  in  1874  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  of  the  state  to  fill 
a  vacancy;  and  was  elected  to  the  office 
in  the  following  April.  He  died  Oct.  19, 
1880,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

RYAN,  EMMONS  BLACKBURN,  law 
yer,  public  official,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1832, 
in  Lexington,  Ky.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Transylvania  university  of  his  native 
city.  He  moved  to  California  in  1849,  and 
subsequently  engaged  in  the  provision 
business  in  Sacramento.  For  many  years 
he  was  assessor  of  that  city,  and  was  con 
nected  with  the  paymaster's  department 
of  the  army  during  1864-66.  In  1868  he 
became  private  secretary  to  Senator  Stan 
ford,  which  confidential  position  he  filled 
until  1871.  Since  that  time  he  has  been 
general  tax  commissioner  of  San  Francis 
co,  Cal.,  and  for  twenty-six  years  tax  at 
torney  for  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad 
company  and  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail 
road  company. 

RYAN,  GEORGE  PARKER,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  May  8,  1842,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  organized  parties  for  the  ob 
servation  of  the  transit  of  Venus  in  1874, 
and  was  selected  to  take  charge  of  the 
expedition  to  Kerguelen  islands.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  one  of  the  most 
scientific  navigators  of  the  service.  He 
died  Nov.  24,  1877,  at  sea. 

RYAN,  JAMES,  Roman  catholic  bishop, 
was  born  in  1848  in  Ireland.  After  his 
ordination  he  was  on  the  Kentucky  mis 
sion  for  seven  years,  principally  at  Sf. 
Martin's,  Meade  county,  and  at  Eliza- 
bethtown,  Hardin  county.  He  moved  to 
the  Peoria  diocese  in  Illinois  in  1878,  and 
was  appointed  pastor  at  Wataga.  In 
1888  he  was  nominated  to  the  bishopric 
of  Alton. 


812 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


RYAN,  JOHN,  college  president,  was 
born  June  24,  1810,  in  Ireland.  He  was 
ordained  a  Roman  catholic  priest;  and 
in  1850  was  elected  president  of  St.  Fran 
cis  Xavier  college,  resigning  in  1856.  He 
died  in  1861,  in  New  York  city. 

RYAN,  MRS.  MARAH  ELLIS  (MAR 
TIN),  actress,  author,  was  born  in  1860 
in  Pennsylvania.  She  is  an  actress  and 
novelist  living  at  Fayette  Springs,  Pa., 
and  the  author  of  A  Pagan  of  the  Alle- 
ghanies;  Merze;  On  Love's  Domains; 
Told  in  the  Hills;  and  Squaw  Eloise. 

RYAN,  PATRICK  JOHN,  archbishop, 
was  born  Feb.  20,  1831,  in  Ireland.  Dur 
ing  the  war  he  acted  as  chaplain  to  the 
Gratiot  Street  Military  prison  and  hospi 
tal,  and  after  the  war  was  appointed 
rector  of  St.  John's  church.  In  1872  he 
was  consecrated  bishop  of  St.  Louis,  and 
subsequently  archbishop;  and  in  1884  was 
transferred  to  Philadelphia  as  its  arch 
bishop.  He  is  the  author  of  What  Cath 
olics  do  Not  Believe;  and  Some  of  the 
Causes  of  Modern  Religious  Scepticism. 

RYAN,  STEPHEN  VINCENT,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1825,  in  Ontario. 
He  was  the  Roman  catholic  bishop  of 
Buffalo  from  1860,  and  the  author  of  The 
Claims  of  a  Protestant  Episcopal  Bishop 
to  Apostolical  Succession  and  Valid  Or 
ders  Disproved. 

RYAN,  THOMAS,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1837,  in  Ox 
ford,  N.  Y.  In  1865  he  moved  to  Kansas 
and  settled  in  Topeka;  was  county  attor 
ney  for  eight  years;  and  was  assistant 
United  States  attorney  from  1873  to  1877. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Kansas  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  for- 
ty-sevenui,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth  and 
fiftieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

RYAN,  THOMAS  F.,  capitalist,  was 
born  Oct.  17.  1851.  in  Blue  Ridge,  Va.  In 
1886  he  joined  Jiands  with  William  C. 
Whitney  in  securiirg 
and  consolidating 
the  various  street 
surface  railroads  in 
New  York,  which 
now  comprise  the 
large  system  owned 
by  the  Metropolitan 
Traction  company. 
He  is  a  director  in 
the  Southern  rail 
way,  the  Hocking 

Valley,  the  Flint  and 

Pere   Marquette   and 

the  Georgia  Central  railroads,  the  Metro 
politan  Traction  company,  the  Consolidat 
ed  Traction  company,  the  Bank  of  New 
Amsterdam,  and  many  other  corpora 
tions  of  like  nature.  The  success  of  his 
business  career,  culminating  in  a  fortune 
estimated  at  several  millions,  is  obviously 
due  to  indomitable  will  power,  unrelent 
ing  perseverance  and  breadth  of  mental 
vision. 

RYAN,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1840  in  Ireland. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  state 
assembly  in  1891  and  1892,  and  was  elect 
ed  as  a  democrat  to  the  fifty-third  con 
gress. 

RYAN,  WILLIAM  REDMOND,  author, 
soldier,  was  born  in  England.  He  pub 
lished  Personal  Adventures  in  California, 
which  was  illustrated  from  his  own  draw 
ings,  and  contains  many  interesting  de 
tails  of  early  pioneer  life  in  California. 

RYDER.  ALBERT  PINKHAM,  artist, 
was  born  March  19,  1847,  in  New  Bedford. 
Among  his  works  are  Wandering  Cow; 
Curfew  Hour;  Pegasus;  Farm-Yard;  The 
Waste  of  Waters  Is  Their  Field;  Little 
Maid  of  Arcady;  Temple  of  the  Mind;  and 
Phantom  Ship. 


RYDER,  EDGAR  L.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Feb.  13,  1860,  in  Sing  Sing,  N. 
Y.  He  has  become  prominent  as  a  law 
yer,  journalist,  and  writer  on  economic 
subjects.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  New  York  state  assembly. 

RYDER,  JAMES,  educator,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Oct.  8.  1800, 
in  Ireland.  In  1839  he  became  pastor  of 
St.  Mary's  church,  Philadelphia,  and  in 
the  following  year  he  took  charge  of  a 
church  in  Frederick,  Md.,  which  he  soon 
left  to  assume  the  presidency  of  George 
town  college.  From  1843  till  1845  he  was 
superior  of  the  Jesuit  order  in  the  United 
States.  In  1846  he  became  president  of 
the  college  of  the  Holy  Cross,  which  had 
been  established  three  years  before  at 
Worcester,  Mass.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1860, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RYDER.  PLATT  POWELL,  artist,  was 
born  June  11,  1821,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Among  his  genre  paintings  are  Life's 
Evening;  Spinning;  An  Interior;  Fare 
well;  Spinning-Wheel;  Reading  the  Cup; 
Welcome  Step  (1883);  Clean  Shave; 
Washing-Day;  Bill  of  Fare;  Fireside; 
and  Watching  and  Waiting.  He  was  elect 
ed  an  associate  of  the  National  academy 
in  1868.  and  was  also  a  founder  of  the 
Brooklyn  Academy  of  Design. 

RYDER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy 
man,  was  born  July  13.  1822,  in  Province- 
town,  Mass.  He  became  pastor  of  the 
universalist  church  in  Roxbury,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  ten  years.  He  resigned 
this  post  to  accept  a  call  to  St.  Paul's 
church  of  Chicago,  in  I860.  He  bequeathed 
more  than  half  a  million  dollars  to  char 
itable,  educational  and  religious  institu 
tions.  He  died  March  8,  1888,  in  Chicago, 
111. 

RYERSON.  MARTIN,  merchant,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He 
was  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  New  Jersey,  and  in  1874  was  appointed 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  court  organ 
ized  in  Washington  for  the  purpose  of 
adjudicating  the  Alabama  claims.  He  died 
in  June,  1875,  in  Newton,  N.  J. 

RYERSON,  MARTIN,  merchant,  was 
born  Jan.  6,  1818.  In  1839  Mr.  Ryerson 
engaged  with  a  merchant  and  lumberman 
of  Muskegon,  Mich., 
continuing  with  him 
for  two  years.  Be 
ing  impressed  with 
the  timber  wealth  of 
the  country  and  its 
prospective  profit,  he 
bargained  for  his 
employer's  interest 
in  the  saw  mill  and 
engaged  in  the  man 
ufacture  of  lumber — 
at  first  upon  a  small 
scale.  The  rise  of 
western  towns  supplied  him  with  an  ex 
cellent  market,  and  he  gradually  increased 
his  facilities  until  the  business  eventually 
grew  to  be  one  of  the  largest  of  the  kind 
in  the  west.  He  erected  in  Lincoln  park, 
Chicago,  a  bronze  group  of  statuary  in 
memory  of  the  Ottawa  nation,  for  whom 
in  his  early  life  he  had  acquired  a  pro 
found  admiration.  He  died  Sept.  6.  1887, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

RYLANCE,  JOSEPH  HIKE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  June  16,  1826,  in  Eng 
land.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
New  York  city,  and  rector  of  St.  Mark's 
in  the  Bowery  from  1871,  and  prominent 
among  broad  churchmen.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Preachers  and  Preaching;  Essays 
on  Miracles;  Social  Questions:  and  Pulpit 
Talks  on  Topics  of  the  Time. 


RYLAND,  JOHN  EDWIN,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  July  8,  1830,  in  Fayette,  Mo. 
During  1862-65  he  was  circuit  attorney 
of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit  of  Missouri, 
and  subsequently  he  became  judge  of  the 
criminal  court  of  the  fifteenth  judicial 
district  of  Missouri. 

RYLAND,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  March  14,  1805.  in 
king  and  Queen  county,  Va.  In  1832  he 
took  charge  of  the  manual-labor  school  in 
Richmond,  and  when  that  school  was 
chartered  in  1844  as  Richmond  college  hfe 
was  made  its  president,  serving  until 
1866.  For  twenty-five  years  he  acted  as 
pastor  of  the  First  African  Baptist  church 
of  Richmond,  during  which  time  he  bap 
tized  into  its  fellowship  nearly  4,000  per 
sons.  In  1868  he  removed  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  work 
of  teaching  and  preaching. 

RYLAND.,  WILLIAM  SEMPLE,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  June 
4,  1836,  in  Richmond,  Va.  This  eminent 
clergyman  and  educator  has  held  chairs 
in  the  Female  institute  of  Mississippi; 
and  Lexington  Female  college  of  Ken 
tucky,  of  which  he  became  president.  He 
is  professor  of  natural  science  in  Bethel 
college  of  Russellville,  Ky.,  and  has  been 
its  president  since  1889. 

RYON,  JAMES,  lawyer,  legislator,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1831,  in  Elkland, 
Pa.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856, 
and  in  1861  was  elected  to  the  Pennsyl 
vania  state  legislature.  He  was  elected 
president  judge  of  Schuylkill  county,  and 
displayed  high  judicial  management  in  the 
affairs  of  the  bench. 

RYON,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  March  4,  1825,  in  Tioga  county. 
Pa.  He  was  district  attorney  of  his  na 
tive  county  from  1850  to  1856;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

SABIN,  ALVAH,  clergyman,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  23, 
1793,  in  Georgia,  Vt.  He  served  ten  years 
in  the  Vermont  state  legislature;  was  sec 
retary  of  state  for  Vermont  in  1841,  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1853  to  1857. 

SABIN,  CHAUNCEY  BREWER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Aug. 
6,  1824,  in  Oneonta,  N.  V.  In  1873  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Texas 
state  legislature,  and  in  1874  was  appoint 
ed  postmaster  at  Galveston,  which  office 
he  held  until  1883.  In  1884  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  eastern  district  of  Texas. 

SABIN,  DAVID  D.,  merchant,  banker, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1830,  in 
Chenango,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Iowa  state  legislature  from  the  fifty- 
ninth  district.  He  is  a  successful  mer 
chant  and  banker  of  Belvidere,  111. 

SABIN,  DWIGHT  MAY,  soldier,  manu 
facturer,  state  legislator,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  April  25,  1844,  in  Mar 
seilles,  111.  He  moved  to  Minnesota  in 
1868  and  in  1870  was  elected  a  state 
senator,  and  was  re-elected  in  1871.,  He 
served  several  terms  as  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  became  president 
of  several  large  manufacturing  companies, 
and  was  elected  a  United  States  senator 
from  Minnesota  for  six  years  from  March 
4,  1883. 

SABIN.  ELIJAH  ROBINSON,  evangel 
ist,  author,  was  born  Sept.,10,  1776,  in  Tol- 
land,  Conn.  He  was  a  methodist  evangel 
ist  of  New  England,  and  the  author  of 
The  Road  to  Happiness;  and  Charles  Ob- 
servator.  He  died  May  4,  1818,  in  Au 
gusta,  Ga. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENC  YCLOPF.DI  A    OF     A.MKItlCAX     BIOGRAPHY. 


813 


SABIN,  GEORGE  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1835,  in  Cuya- 
hoga  county,  Ohio.  He  moved  to  Nevada 
in  1868,  and  practiced  law,  and  in  1882  was 
appointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  district  of  Nevada,  residing  at  Carson 
City. 

SABIN,  JOSEPH,  publisher,  bibliophile, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1821,  in  England. 
He  was  an  English  publisher  and  bibli 
ophile  who  came  to  America  in  1848,  and 
finally  settling  in  New  York  city,  became 
widely  known  as  a  bookseller  and  collect 
or  of  rare  books.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Thirty-Nine  Articles  of  the  Church  of 
England,  with  Scriptural  Proofs;  Biblio- 
theca  Americana;  and  Bibliography  of 
Bibliographies.  He  died  June  5,  1881,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

SABINE,  LORENZO,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  28,  1803,  in  New  Lisbon,  N.  H.  He 
was  for  some  time  secretary  of  the  Bos 
ton  board  of  trade;  was  three  times  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature  of  Maine  from  East- 
port;  and  was  at  one  time  deputy  collector 
of  the  port  of  Passamaquoddy.  He  held, 
in  Massachusetts,  the  position  of  confi 
dential  agent  of  the  treasury  department, 
and  was  a  representative  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  thirty-second  congress.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  Life  of  Commodore 
Preble;  The  American  Loyalists;  Report 
on  the  American  Fisheries;  and  Notes  on 
Duels  and  Duelling.  He  died  April  14, 
1877,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SACHS,  BERNARD,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1858  in  Maryland.  He  is  a 
physician  of  New  York  city,  well  known 
as  a  neurologist,  and  the  author  of  Ner 
vous  and  Mental  Diseases  of  Childhood, 
and  many  professional  monographs. 

SACHSE,  JULIUS  FRIEDRICH,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1842  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  journalist  of  Philadel 
phia;  and  the  author  of  The  German  Pie 
tists  of  Provincial  Pennsylvania;  and 
The  Genesis  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in 
Pennsylvania. 

SACKETT,  MYRON  W.,  journalist, 
was  born  Oct.  24,  1841,  in  Southington, 
Ohio.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  and 
at  Mahoning  acade 
my  of  Canfield,  Ohio. 
His  early  life  was 
passed  in  mercantile 
pursuits  in  Mead- 
ville  and  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  In  1871  he  be 
came  identified  with 
the  Ancient  Order  of 
United  Workmen,  a 
mutual  protection 
organization;  since 
1878  he  has  devoted 
his  entire  time  to  its  interests,  and  since 
1879  has  been  its  supreme  secretary.  Its 
members  now  number  half  a  million;  and 
have  paid  out  over  eighty  million  dollars 
to  deceased  members.  For  many  years  he 
has  also  been  the  secretary-treasurer  of 
the  National  Fraternal  congress,  wherein 
is  represented  forty-two  fraternal  benefit 
orders.  For  a  number  of  years  past  he 
has  also  been  editor-in-chief  of  the  Key 
stone  Workman,  and  has  contributed 
to  periodical  literature  various  articles 
on  reform  and  kindred  subjects. 

SACKETT,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  18, 
1812,  in  Aurelius,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1849  to  1853.  He  practiced  law  in 
Saratoga  Springs. 

SADLER,  ORIN  WINSLOW,  doctor  of 
medicine,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1843,  in  Brew- 
erton,  N.  Y.  He  received  a  thorough  ed 
ucation,  and  attended  the  Michigan  uni- 


versity  and  the  medical  department  of  the 
Northwestern  university  of  Chicago.  He 
is  a  successful  oculist  and  aurist  of  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.,  and  a  member  of  the  leading 
medical  bodies  of  America  and  Europe. 

SADLER,  THOMAS  WILLIAM,  soldier, 
agriculturist,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  April  17,  1831,  near  Russellville,  Ala. 
He  was  county  superintendent  of  educa 
tion  from  1875  to  1884;  and  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1880.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Alabama  to 
the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

SADLIER,  ANNA  TERESA,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  19,  1854,  in  Montreal,  Can 
ada.  She  is  the  author  of  Seven  Years~and 
Mair;  The  King's  Page;  Ethel  Hamilton; 
Names  that  Live,  a  volume  of  biogra 
phies;  Women  of  Catholicity;  The  Silent 
Woman  of  Alood;  and  many  translations 
from  the  French,  Italian  and  German. 

SADLIER,  MRS.  MARY  ANNE  (MAD 
DEN),  author,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1820,  in 
Ireland.  She  is  a  prominent  writer  of 
Roman  catholic  Sunday-school  tales,  and 
wife  of  .1.  Sadlier,  a  New  York  publisher. 
Among  her  many  writings  are,  Alice  Rior- 
dan;  Red  Hand  of  Ulster;  The  Daughter 
of  Tyrconuell;  and  The  Old  House  by  the 
Boyne. 

SADTLER,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  Dec.  25, 
1823.  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1875  he  ac 
cepted  the  presidency  of  Muhlenberg  col 
lege,  Allentown,  Pa.  He  has  published 
numerous  baccalaureate  discourses  and 
addresses,  including  A  Rebellious  Nation 
Reproved;  and  The  Causes  and  Remedies 
of  the  Losses  of  Her  Population  by  the 
Lutheran  Church  in  America. 

SADTLER,  SAMUEL  PHILIP,  chemist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  July  18,  1847, 
in  Pine  Grove,  Pa.  He  is  a  chemist  of 
Philadelphia,  and  professor  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  from  1875.  He 
is  the  author  of  Chemical  Experimenta 
tion;  Handbook  of  Industrial  Organic 
Chemistry;  and  A  Text-Book  of  Chemis 
try. 

SAFFOLD,  REUBEN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1788,  in  Wilkes 
county,  Ga.  During  the  Indian  troubles 
he  commanded  a  volunteer  company,  and 
he  subsequently  served  several  terms  in 
the  legislature  of  Mississippi  territory. 
He  was  made  a  circuit  judge,  and  was  one 
of  the  three  judges  that  were  appointed 
to  the  supreme  bench  in  1832,  serving  as 
chief  justice  in  1835-36.  He  died  Feb.  15, 
1847,  in  Dallas  county,  Ala. 

SAFFORD,  A.  P.  K.,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  the  territory  of  Arizona  from 

1870  to  1878. 

SAFFORD,   JAMES   MERRILL,    educa 
tor,  geologist,  chemist,  was  born  Aug.  13, 
1822,  in  Putnam,  now  a  part  of  Zanesville, 
Ohio.       In     1844     he 
graduated      at      the 
Ohio  university,  and 
afterward      attended 
Yale  university,  from 
which  institution  he 
subsequently  re 

ceived  the  degree  of 
Ph.  D.  During  1848- 
72  he  was  professor 
of  natural  science  in 
Cumberland  univer 
sity;  during  1873-96 
was  professor  of 
chemistry  in  the  medical  department 
of  the  university  of  Nashville;  in 
the  medical  department  of  the  Vander- 
bilt  university  during  1873-94;  and  since 
1875  he  has  also  been  professor  of  nat 
ural  history  and  geology  in  the  Vanderbilt 


university.  In  1854-60  he  was  state  geol 
ogist  at  Tennessee,  and  since  1871  has 
filled  the  same  position.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  series  of  reports  on  the  Geology 
of  Tennessee,  and  various  other  works. 

SAFFORD,  TRUMAN  HENRY,  astrono 
mer,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  6, 
1836,  in  Royalton,  Vt.  He  is  an  astrono 
mer  of  note,  famous  in  childhood  as  a 
mathematician,  and  professor  of  astrono 
my  at  Williams  college  from  1876.  He  is 
the  author  of  Mathematical  Teaching  and 
Its  Modern  Methods. 

SAFFORD,  WILLIAM  HARRISON,  was 
born  Feb.  19,  1821,  in  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  and 
the  author  of  Life  of  Blennerhasset;  and 
The  Blennerhasset  Papers. 

SAGE,  EBENEZER,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1809  to  1815,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1820.  He  died  in  1834. 

SAGE,  GARDNER  AVERY,  surveyor, 
philanthropist,  was  born  May  3,  1813,  in 
New  York  city.  He  built  and  endowed 
the  library  of  the  Theological  seminary 
at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  which  bears  his 
name,  and  which  he  presented  to  the  gen 
eral  synod.  His  gifts  amounted  to  nearly 
$250,000.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1882,  in  Sul 
phur  Springs,  Va. 

SAGE,  GEORGE  R.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Aug.  24,  1828,  in  Erie,  Pa.  He  was 
prosecuting  attorney  three  terms  in  Leba 
non,  Ohio.  He  returned  to  Cincinnati  in 
1865,  and  practiced  law  in  the  firm  of 
Sage  and  Hinkle  until  appointed,  in  1883, 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  south 
ern  district  of  Ohio. 

SAGE,  HENRY  W.,  financier,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1813,  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  About  1854,  he  built  a  saw 
mill  at  Lake  Simcoe,  in  Canada,  and 
later  became  a  lumber  operator  in  West 
Bay  City,  Mich.,  and  one  of  the  largest 
owners  of  pine  lands  in  that  state.  He 
has  given  more  than  $1,250,000  to  Cornell 
university;  and  Sage  college  for  women, 
a  chapel,  a  library  and  other  buildings 
there  are  monuments  to  his  liberality.  In 
1847  he  was,  as  a  republican,  elected  to 
the  New  York  legislature,  and  in  1892 
was  a  candidate  for  elector. 

SAGE,  RUSSELL,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1816,  in  Oneida 
county,  N.  Y.  In  1841  he  was  elected  an 
alderman  of  the  city 
of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and 
by  annual  re-elec 
tions,  served  seven 
years  in  that  capa 
city.  He  was  treas 
urer  of  Rensselaer 
county  for  seven 
years,  in  which  office 
he  was  especially 
popular.  He  was  a 
representative  i  n 
congress  from  New 
York  from  1853  to 
1857,  and  was  the  first  man  who  advo 
cated,  on  the  floor  of  congress,  the  pur 
chase  of  Mount  Vernon  by  the  general 
government.  For  twelve  years  he  was 
president  and  vice-president  of  the  Chi 
cago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  railroad; 
and  is  director  in  many  of  the  largest 
railroads  in  America. 

SAILLY,  PETER,  public  official,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  France.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1805  to  1807.  He  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jefferson,  collector  of  customs 
for  the  district  of  Champlain,  holding  the 
office  until  his  death.  He  died  in  1826 
in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


•814 


HEKRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SAINT  GAUDENS,  AUGUSTUS,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  March  1,  1848,  in  Ireland. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Society  of 
American  Artists.  His  more  important 
wo.'ks  are  the  bas-relief  Adoration  of  the 
Cross  by  Angels,  in  St.  Thomas's  church, 
New  York;  statues  of  Admiral  David  G. 
Farragut,  in  New  York;  of  Robert  R. 
Randall,  at  Sailor's  Snug  Harbor,  Staten 
Island,  N.  Y.,  and  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  in 
Chicago. 

SAINT  GAUDENS,  LOUIS,  sculptor, 
was  born  Jan.  8,  1854,  in  New  York.  He 
has  modeled  a  Faun;  St.  John,  for  the 
Church  of  the  Incarnation,  New  York, 
and  other  statues,  and  has  assisted  his 
brother  in  most  of  his  works. 

SAJOUS,  CHARLES  EUCHARISTE, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1852, 
in  Paris,  France.  He  became  clinical  chief 
in  the  throat  department  of  Jefferson  col 
lege  hospital  of  Philadelphia,  and  finally 
lecturer  in  the  college  proper.  In  1888  he 
edited  and  brought  to  a  successful  issu* 
one  of  the  largest  medical  works  of  the 
time,  the  Annals  of  the  Universal  Medical 
Sciences. 

SALES,  FRANCIS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1771  in  France.  He  was  in 
structor  at  Harvard  in  French  and  Span 
ish  from  1816  till  1839,  and  afterward  in 
Spanish  alone  till  the  year  of  his  death. 
He  edited  and  enlarged  Augustin  E. 
..fosse's  Grammar  of  the  Spanish  Language; 
and  published  critical  and  annotated  edi 
tions  of  the  Spanish  dramatists,  Don 
Quixote,  and  other  Spanish  classics,  the 
Fables  of  Fontaine,  with  notes,  and  trea 
tises  on  the  French  and  Spanish  lan 
guages.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1854,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

SALISBURY,  EDWARD  ELBRIDGE, 
philologist,  educator,  author,  was  born 
April  6,  1814,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a 
philologist  of  distinction,  professor  of 
Arabic  at  Yale  university  in  1841-56; 
and  the  author  of  General  and  Biographi 
cal  Monographs. 

SALISBURY,  JAMES  HENRY,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1823,  in 
Scott,  N.  Y.  In  1864  he  settled  in  Cleve 
land,  Ohio,  where  he  assisted  in  establish 
ing  the  Charity  Hospital  Medical  college, 
before  which  he  lectured  till  1866  on  phy 
siology  and  histology.  He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  institute  of  Micrology  since 
1878.  Among  his  publications  are  a  prize 
essay  on  the  Anatomy  and  History  of 
Plants;  and  one  on  the  Chemical  and  Phy 
siological  Examinations  of  the  Maize 
Plant  during  the  Various  Stages  of  Its 
Growth. 

SALOMON,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  govern 
or,  was  born  in  1828  in  Prussia.  He  be 
came  a  lawyer,  was  governor  of  Wiscon 
sin  in  1862-63,  and  then  practiced  in  New 
York  city. 

SALOMON,  FREDERICK,  soldier,  sur 
veyor,  was  born  April  7,  1826,  in  Prussia. 
He  served  through  the  civil  war,  receiv 
ing  the  brevet  of  major-general  in  1865. 
He  was  subsequently  for  several  years 
surveyor-general  of  Utah  territory. 

SALSBURY,  ELIAS  I).,  lawyer,  was 
born  July  23,  1867,  in  the  village  of  Locke, 
Ind.  He  received  his  education  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan,  and  graduated  from 
the  law  department  of  that  institution. 
He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Goshen,  Ind., 
and  first  distinguished  himself  as  an  able 
lawyer  in  his  defense  of  Hendryx  in  the 
famous  Hendryx-Calklns  murder  case. 

SALT.  ENOCH,  musician,  composer, 
was  born  April  9,  1856,  in  Covington,  Ky. 
In  1876  he  was  the  organist  at  the  Centen 
nial  exhibition,  and  Is  now  an  organist  of 
Portsmouth,  Ohio.  HP  Is  the  composer  of 


several  songs,  church  music,  and  several 
sonatas  for  the  piano. 

SALTER,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  phil 
anthropist,  author,  was  born  in  1723  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  gave  to  Yale  college 
in  1781  a  farm,  which  was  sold  for  $2,000, 
for  the  purpose  of  promoting  the  study 
of  Hebrew  and  other  oriental  languages. 
He  published  an  Election  Sermon;  and 
began  a  Commentary  on  the  New  Testa 
ment.  He  died  April  14,  1789,  in  Mans 
field,  Conn. 

SALTER,  Sl'MNER,  musician,  compos 
er,  was  born  June  24,  1856,  in  Burlington, 
Iowa.  He  is  a  noted  organist  and  direct 
or,  and  the  author  of  a  number  of  songs 
and  church  music. 

SALTER,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1821,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  Since  1846  he  has  been  pastor  of 
the  congregational  church  of  Burlington, 
Iowa.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Life  of 
.tames  W.  Grimes. 

SALTER,  WILLIAM  D.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1794  in  New  York  city.  He 
entered  the  navy  as  midshipman  in  1809, 
became  lieutenant  in  1814,  was  made  mas 
ter-commandant  in  1831,  captain  in  1839," 
and  commodore  on  the  retired  list  in 
1862.  He  died  Jan.  3,  1869,  in  Elizabeth, 
N.  J. 

SALTONSTALL,  DUDLEY,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1738,  in  New  Lon 
don,  Conn.  He  was  a  commodore  in  the 
continental  navy.  He  died  in  1796,  in  the 
West  Indies. 

SALTONSTALL,  GURDON,  clergyman, 
governor,  was  born  March  27,  1666,  in 
Haverhill,  Mass.  He  was  governor  of 
Connecticut  from  1707  till  his  death,  and 
he  bequeathed  one  thousand  pounds  to 
the  university  of  Haverhill  to  educate  stu 
dents  for  the  ministry.  He  died  Oct.  1, 
1724. 

SALTONSTALL,  LEVERETT,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  June 
13,  1783,  in  Haverhill,  Mass.  He  was  a 
state  senator  in  1831,  and  was  mayor  of 
Salem,  Mass.,  from  1836  to  1838.  He  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1837,  and  fre 
quently  served  in  the  state  legislature. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1838  to  1843.  He  died  May  8,  1845,  in 
Salem,  Mass. 

SALTONSTALL,  LKVERETT,  lawyer, 
genealogist,  was  born  March  16,  1825,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  In  1885  he  was  appointed 
collector  of  customs  for  the  port  of  Bos 
ton  and  Charlestown.  He  is  an  active 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
society  and  of  other  learned  bodies,  and 
compiled  a  genealogical  history  of  his 
family. 

SALTUS,  EDGAR  EVERTSON,  author, 
was  born  in  June,  1858,  in  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  novelist  of  New  York  city, 
and  the  author  of  Balzac:  a  Study;  The 
Philosophy  of  Disenchantment;  The  Ana 
tomy  of  Negation;  Mr.  Incoul's  Misadven 
ture;  The  Truth  about  Tristram  Varick; 
Eden;  A  Transaction  in  Hearts;  When 
Dreams  Come  True;  and  The  Pace  that 
Kills. 

SALTUS,  FRANCIS  SALTUS,  poet, 
was  born  in  1849  in  New  York.  He  was 
a  poet  much  of  whose  life  was  passed 
abroad.  He  was  the  author  of  Honey  and 
Gall:  Shadows  and  Ideals:  The  Witch  of 
Endor;  Romance  of  the  Opera;  Kings  of 
Song;  The  Bayadere,  and  Other  Sonnets. 
He  died  June  25,  1889. 

SALYER,  JOHN  PRESTON,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1855,  in 
Floyd,  Ky.  In  1893  he  was  elected  from 
the  thirty-fourth  district  of  Kentucky  as 
a  member  of  the  state  senate,  for  the 
period  of  four  years. 


SALZMANN,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1819,  in 
Austria.  He  succeeded  Archbishop  Henni 
as  president  of  the  Theological  seminary 
of  St.  Francis.  He  was  one  of  the  found 
ers  of  the  Seebote,  a  German  periodical 
published  at  Milwaukee,  to  which  he  was 
a  frequent  contributor.  He  died  Jan.  17, 
1874,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

SAMFORD,  WILLIAM  J.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1844, 
in  Greenville,  Ga.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1875;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1876; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Alabama  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

SAMMONS.  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1803  to  1807,  and  again 
from  1809  to  1813. 

SAMPLE,  ROBERT  FLEMING,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1829,  in 
Corning,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  member  of  vari 
ous  church  boards,  and  a  director  of  the 
McCormick  Theological  seminary,  Chi 
cago.  111.  Besides  numerous  pamphlets 
and  sermons,  he  has  published  several 
books  for  the  young  on  Christian  experi 
ence,  and  also  a  Memoir  of  Rev.  John  C. 
Thorn. 

SAMPLE,  SAMUEL  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Indiana  from 
1843  to  1845. 

SAMPSON,  ARCHIBALD  J.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  lecturer,  was  born  in  Ohio.  In 
1873  he  moved  to  Colorado,  and  in  1876 
was  elected  attorney-general  of  that  state. 
He  subsequently  settled  in  Phoenix,  Ariz., 
and  in  1896  was  elected  department  com 
mander  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub 
lic  of  Arizona.  He  has  delivered  lectures 
upon  Mexico;  Music  of  the  War;  Music 
and  Musicians;  Lincoln;  and  other  sub 
jects. 

SAMPSON,  EZEKIEL  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  6,  1831,  in  Huron  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney  in 
1856-58,  in  Sigourney,  Iowa.  He  was  cap 
tain  in  the  fifth  Iowa  infantry  in  1861  and 
1862,  and  lieutenant-colonel  in  1863  and 
1864.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1866; 
and  was  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Iowa  from  1867  to  1875.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 
SAMPSON,  EZRA,  clergyman,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1749,  in 
Middleborough,  Mass.  He  was  a  congre 
gational  clergyman  at  Plympton,  Mass., 
in  1775-95,  and  subsequently  a  journalist 
in  Hartford.  He  was  the  author  of  Beau 
ties  of  the  Bible;  The  Historical  Diction 
ary;  The  Sham  Patriot  Unmasked;  and* 
The  Brief  Remarker  on  the  Ways  of  Men. 
He  died  Dec.  12,  1823,  in  New  \ork  city. 

SAMPSON,  JOHN  PATTERSONl  law 
yer,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  13, 
is:;7,  in  Wilmington,  N.  C.  He  is  a  cler 
gyman  of  the  African  methodist  church, 
and  prior  to  1882  a  lawyer  in  Washington. 
He  is  the  author  of  Common  Sense  Physi 
ology;  The  Disappointed  Bride;  Temper 
ament  and  Phrenology  of  Mixed  Races; 
Jolly  People;  and  Illustrations  in  Theol 
ogy. 

SAMPSON,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1764,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  famous  lawyer  of  New  York  city 
who  came  to  America  in  1798,  having  pre 
viously  been  a  barrister  in  Dublin.  He 
was  the  author  of  Sampson  Against  the 
Philistines,  or  the  Reform  of  Lawsuits; 
and  Memoir  of  William  Sampson.  He 
died  Dec.  27,  1836,  in  New  York  city. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


815 


SAMPSON,  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  naval 
•officer,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1840,  in  Palmyra, 
N.  Y.  He  came  out  of  the  naval  acad 
emy  in  1860  and 
went  into  service  on 
the  frigate  Potomac. 
He  was  made  master 
in  1861,  lieutenant  in 
1862,  and  served  on 
the  practice  ship 
John  Adams  for  one 
year.  After  that  hu 
was  a  lieutenant  on 
the  ironclad  Patup- 
sco  with  the  South 
Atlantic  blockading 
squadron.  He  es 
caped  luckily  from  that  ship  when  she 
was  destroyed  in  Charleston  harbor  on 
Jan.  15,  1865.  After  the  war  Captain 
Sampson  served  on  the  flagship  Colorado 
and  became  lieutenant-commander  in 
1866.  For  three  years,  until  1871,  he  was 
stationed  at  the  naval  academy.  He  was 
then  assigned  to  the  Congress,  served  a 
year  on  that  ship  at  the  European  station 
and  got  his  commission  as  commander  on 
Aug.  9,  1874.  He  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  third-rater  Alert,  on  which  he 
served  until  1875.  Since  then -he  has  com 
manded  the  Swatara,  has  served  at  the 
academy,  at  the  observatory,  at  the  tor 
pedo  station  and  in  other  posts.  In  1898 
he  was  made  rear-admiral  for  his  services 
during  the  Spanish-American  war. 

SAMPSON,  ZABDIEL,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Plympton,  Mass.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
his  native  state  from  1817  to  1819;  and 
in  1820  was  appointed  collector  of  cus 
toms  at  Plymouth.  He  died  July  19,  1828, 
in  Plymouth,  Mass. 

SAMSON,  CALEB,  clergyman,  was  born 
March  19,  1858,  in  South  Wales.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education;  and  since 
1884  has  been  distinguished  as  an  emi 
nent  congregational  clergyman;  and  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  Oak  Hill,  Ohio.  He  is 
prominent  among  the  Welshmen  of  this 
country;  and  was  a  candidate  for  the  con 
sulship  at  Swansea,  Wales. 

SAMSON,  DEBORAH,  patriot,  was  born 
Dec.  17,  1760,  in  Plympton,  Mass.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  revolution,  she  assumed 
male  attire  and  enlisted  in  the  army 
under  the  name  of  Robert  Shirtleff. 
Accustomed  to  out-door  labor,  she  was 
able  to  fulfill  the  duties  of  a  soldier.  She 
was  twice  wounded.  Washington,  on  be 
ing  apprised  of  her  sex,  called  her  to  him, 
and  without  speaking  to  her,  handed  her 
a  discharge.  She  afterward  married  Ben 
jamin  Gannett.  She  died  April  29,  1827, 
in  Sharon,  Mass. 

SAMSON,  GEORGE  WHITEFIELD, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  29, 
1819,  in  Harvard,  Mass.  He  was  a  bap 
tist  clergyman  and  educator  of  New  York 
city;  and  president  of  Rutgers  Female 
college  from  1871.  He  was  a  voluminous 
writer  whose  principal  works  comprise, 
Elements  of  Art  Criticism;  Physical  Me 
dia  in  Spiritual  Manifestations;  The 
Atonement;  The  Divine  Law  as  to  Wines; 
Idols  of  Fashion  and  Culture;  Tested 
Truths  as  to  Relations  of  Capital  and 
Labor;  Outlines  of  the  History  of  Ethics; 
Spiritualism  Tested,  originally  issued  as 
To  Daimonion;  Guide  to  Self-Education; 
The  Bible  Revisers'  Greek  Text;  and 
Guide  to  Bible  Interpretation.  He  died 
in  1896. 

SAMUEL,  GREEN  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1794  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  elected  from  Virginia  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1838  to 
1841,  and  was,  for  eleven  years,  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  appeals.  He  died 
Jan.  5,  1859,  in  Richmond.  Va. 


SAMUELS,  ADELAIDE  FRANCES, 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1845,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
She  is  a  writer  for  juveniles,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Dick  and  Daisy  Series;  Dick  Tra- 
vers  Abroad  Series;  and  Daisy  Travers. 

SAMUELS,  EDWARD  AUGUSTUS,  nat 
uralist,  author,  was  born  July  4,  1836,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  Boston  naturalist, 
and  the  author  of  Ornithology  and  Oology 
of  New  England;  Among  the  Birds; 
Mammalogy  of  New  England;  and  The 
Living  World. 

SAMUELS,  SAMUEL,  inventor,  author, 
was  born  March  14,  1825,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  a  noted  seaman  and  inventor 
who  organized  the  Steam  Heating  com 
pany  of  New  York  city  in  1881.  He  is  the 
author  of  From  Forecastle  to  Cabin. 

SAMUELS,  MRS.  SUSAN  BLAGGE 
(CALDWELL),  author,  was  born  Oct.  21, 
1848,  in  Dedham,  Mass.  She  is  a  popular 
writer  for  juveniles,  and  the  author  of 
The  Golden  Rule  Series. 

SANBORN,  ALVAN  FRANCIS,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1822,  in  Hampton  Falls, 
N.  H.  He  is  the  author  of  Moody's  Lodg 
ing  House,  and  Other  Tenement  Sketches; 
and  Meg  Mclntyre's  Raffle,  and  Other 
Stories. 

SANBORN,  CHARLES  HENRY,  phy 
sician,  state  legislator,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1822,  in  Hampton  Falls,  N.  H.  He 
was  active  in  the  political  revolt  of  the 
independent  democrats  of  New  Hampshire 
in  1845,  which  ended  in  detaching  the 
state  from  its  pro-slavery  position.  In 
1854-55  he  was  a  member  of  the  legislat 
ure.  He  published  The  North  and  the 
South. 

SANBORN,  EDWIN  DAVID,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  14,  1808,  in  Gil- 
manton,  N.  H.  He  was  an  educator  who 
was  professor  of  literature  at  Dartmouth 
college  in  1863-85,  and  the  author  of  a 
History  of  New  Hampshire.  He  died  Dec. 
29,  1885,  in  Hanover,  N.  H. 

SANBORN,  FRANKLIN  BENJAMIN, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1831, 
in  Hampton  Falls,  N.  H.  He  is  a  noted 
journalist  and  reformer  living  at  Concord, 
Mass.,  and  connected  with  The  Springfield 
Republican  from  1868.  He  is  the  author 
of  Life  of  Thoreau;  Life  and  Letters  of 
John  Brown;  and  Life  of  Dr.  S.  E.  Howe. 

SANBORN,  HELEN  JOSEPHINE,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1857  in  Maine.  She  is 
the  author  of  A  Winter  in  Central  Amer 
ica,  a  volume  of  travels. 

SANBORN,  KATHERINE  ABBOTT, 
educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1839 
in  Hanover,  N.  H.  She  is  a  popular  and 
versatile  writer  of  ephemeral  books,  who 
was  professor  of  English  literature  at 
Smith  college  prior  to  1886.  She  is  the 
author  of  Home  Pictures  of  English 
Poets;  Vanity  and  Insanity  of  Genius; 
Adopting  an  Abandoned  Farm;  Abandon 
ing  an  Adopted  Farm;  A  Truthful  Wo 
man  in  Southern  California;  My  Liter 
ary  Zoo;  and  a  number  of  compilations. 

SANBORN,  MRS.  MARY  [FARLEY], 
author,  was  born  in  18 — .  She  is  a  novel 
ist  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Sweet 
and  Twenty;  It  came  to  Pass;  and  Paula 
Ferris. 

SANBORN,  WALTER  HENRY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1845,  in  Epsom, 
N.  H.  In  1891  he  was  elected  from  St. 
Paul,  Minn.,  judge  of  the  United  States 
circuit  court  for  the  eighth  circuit. 

SANDEMAN.  ROBERT,  founder  of  a 
sect,  author,  was  born  in  1718  in  Perth, 
Scotland.  He  was  the  founder  of  the 
Sandemanian  sect,  who  came  to  America 
in  1764  and  gathered  a  church  at  Danbury, 
Conn.,  where  he  died.  He  was  the  author 
of  Letters  on  Theron  and  Aspasio;  and 


Thoughts  on  Christianity.     He  died  April 
2,  1771,  in  Danbury,  Conn. 

SANDERS,  BILLINGTON,  McCARTER, 
college  president,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1789, 
in  Columbia  county,  Ga.  In  1833  he  was 
elected  the  first  president  of  Mercer  uni 
versity,  serving  until  1839.  He  died  May 
12,  1852,  in  Penfield,  Ga. 

SANDERS,  BLEUFORD  B.,  soldier, 
merchant,  educator,  clergyman,  was  born 
Sept.  19,  1840,  near  Carrollton,  Ala.  In 
1861  he  enlisted  as  a 
confederate  soldier, 
and  served  four 
years;  when  he  be 
gan  educational  work 
and  taught  for  eight 
years.  He  then  en- 
t  e  r  e  d  mercantile 
business  until  1886, 
when  he  became  a 
minister  of  the  gos 
pel,  and  is  now  pas 
tor  of  the  First 
Christian  church  of 
Austin,  Tex.,  which  has  one  of  the  larg 
est  congregations  of  that  church  in  the 
state.  For  eight  years  he  was  an  evan 
gelist  and  served  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Texas  State  Missionary  board  of  the 
Christian  church. 

SANDERS,  DANIEL  CLARKE,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  May  3, 
1768,  in  Sturbridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  con 
gregational  clergyman  and  educator,  pres 
ident  of  the  university  of  Vermont  in 
1800-14,  and  subsequently  pastor  at  Med- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  the  author  of  A  His 
tory  of  the  Indian  Wars  with  the  First 
Settlers  of  the  United  States,  which  he 
published  in  1812.  He  died  Oct.  18,  1850, 
in  Medfield,  Mass. 

SANDERS,  DANIEL  JACKSON,  college 
president,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1847,  near 
Winnsboro,  S.  C.  In  1891  he  was  elected 
president  of  Biddle  university,  Charlotte, 
N.  C. 

SANDERS,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  [EL- 
KINS],  author,  was  born  in  1762  in  Salem, 
Mass.  She'was  a  writer  of  Salem,  Mass., 
and  the  author  of  Conversations,  princi 
pally  on  the  Aborigines  of  North  Amer 
ica;  First  Settlers  of  New  England;  and 
Reviews.  She  died  Aug.  10,  1851,  in  Sa 
lem,  Mass. 

SANDERS,  JAMES  T.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Oct.  6,  1868,  in  Hawkinsville,  Ga.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education  and  attended 
the  Mercer  university  of  Macon,  Ga.  He 
has  attained  prominence  as  an  able  law 
yer  of  Florida  at  Miami;  has  been  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  Brevard  and  Dade 
counties;  attorney  for  the  board  of  coun 
ty  commissioners  for  four  years;  attor 
ney  for  several  large  corporations;  and 
makes  a  specialty  of  real  estate  and  cor 
poration  law. 

SANDERS,  JOHN,  civil  engineer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1810  in  Lexington,  Ky. 
He  was  employed  in  the  improvements  on 
Delaware  bay  and  river,  and  in  construct 
ing  Fort  Delaware.  He  published  Me 
moirs  on  the  Resources  of  the  Valley  of 
the  Ohio.  He  died  July  29,  1858,  in  Fort 
Delaware,  Del. 

SANDERS,  WILBUR  F.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  May  2,  1834,  in  Leon,  N.  Y. 
He  was  the  republican  candidate  for  dele 
gate  to  congress  in  1864,  1867,  1880  and 
1886;  was  delegate  to  the  republican  na 
tional  conventions  of  1868,  1872,  1876  and 
1884;  and  was  a  member  of  the  legislative 
assembly  of  Montana  from  1872  till  1880 
inclusive.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  as  a  republican,  and  took  his 
seat  April  16,  1890. 


S16 


HKKHINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF'    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SANDERS,  WILLIAM  PRICE,  soldier, 
was  born  Aug.  12,  1833,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 
He  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Yorktown, 
Williamsburg,  Mechanicsville  and  Han 
over  Court-House  during  the  Virginia 
peninsular  campaign;  and  became  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers  in  1863.  He 
died  Nov.  18,  1863,  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

SANDERSON,  AUSTIN  A.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1848,  in  New  York 
city.  During  1891-97  he  was  judge  of  the 
superior  court  of  San  Francisco.  He  was 
one  of  the  ablest  of  San  Francisco's  many 
judges,  and  is  now  regarded  as  among  her 
foremost  lawyers. 

SANDERSON,  FREDERICK  H.,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1855,  in 
Toronto.  Canada.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  Collegiate  institute  and  theo 
logical  department  of  the  Victoria  univer 
sity  of  Coburg,  Ontario,  Canada.  In  1882 
he  moved  to  Iowa,  and  immediately  came 
into  prominence  through  his  abilities  as  a 
clergyman  and  popular  lecturer.  He  was 
chaplain  of  the  sixth  regiment  Iowa  na 
tional  guards;  president  of  the  Iowa  state 
Epworth  league;  and  was  chosen  as  one 
of  the  eminent  preachers  at  the  Iowa 
state  fair.  In  1894  he  moved  to  Omaha, 
Neb.,  where  he  is  pastor  of  the  Trinity 
Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

SANDERSON,  JOHN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1783  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was 
an  educator  of  Philadelphia,  classical  pro 
fessor  in  the  high  school  in  1836-44,  and 
of  some  note  in  his  day  as  a  humorist. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  American  in 
Paris;  The  American  in  England;  and  the 
first  two  volumes  of  the  Biography  of  the 
Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence.  He  died  April  5,  1844,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

SANDERSON,  JOHN  PHILIP,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1818,  in  Leban 
on  county,  Pa.  He  was  an  officer  in  the 
federal  army;  and  the  author  of  Views 
and  Opinions  of  American  Statesmen  on 
Foreign  Immigration;  and  Republican 
Landmarks.  He  died  Oct.  14,  1864,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

SANDERSON,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  23,  1823,  in  Ireland. 
He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  in  New 
York  and  other  localities;  and  the  author 
of  Jesus  on  the  Holy  Mount;  Memorial 
Tributes;  and  The  Bow  in  the  Cloud. 

SANDFORD,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1809,  in 
Ovid,  N.  Y.  He  began  practice  in  New 
York  city,  and  in  1842  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  criminal  court  of  that  city. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  senate 
in  1843.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1854,  at  sea. 

SANDFORD,  JOHN,  state  senator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1841  to  1843;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  senate  in  the 
extra  session  of  1851.  He  died  in  October, 
1857,  in  Amsterdam,  N.  Y. 

SANDFORD,  JONAH,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  in  1827  and  1830,  from 
the  county  of  St.  Lawrence;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1830  to 
1831. 

SANDFORD,  LEWIS  HALSEY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  June  8,  1807,  in 
Ovid,  N.  Y.  He  removed  to  New  York 
city  in  1833,  and  in  1843  was  chosen  as 
sistant  vice-chancellor  of  the  first  circuit. 
He  became  vice-chancellor  in  1846,  and 
from  1847  till  his  death  was  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  superior  court  of  New  York. 
He  published  Catalogue  of  the  New  York 
Law  Institute;  New  York  Chancery  Re 
ports;  and  New  York  Superior  Court  Re 
ports.  He  died  July  27,  1852,  in  Toledo, 
Ohio. 


SANDFORD,  THOMAS,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1762  in  West 
moreland  county,  Va.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1799;  was  several  times  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  legislature;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1803  to  1807. 
He  was  drowned  Dec.  10,  1808,  in  the  Ohio 
river. 


.  JOHN  M.,  planter,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  7, 
1817,  in  Franklin  county,  Ga.  He  served 
as  a  member  of  the  legislature  of  Louisi 
ana  from  1846  to  1855;  and  was  speaker  of 
the  house  in  the  Louisiana  legislature  in 
1854  and  1855.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 

SANDIFORD,  RALPH,  author,  was 
born  in  1693  in  England.  He  published 
A  Brief  Examination  of  the  Practice  of 
the  Times,  by  the  Foregoing  and  Present 
Dispensation.  He  died  May  28,  1733,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SANDS,  ALEXANDER  HAMILTON, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  May  2,  1828,  in 
Williamsburg,  Va.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Richmond,  Va.,  wuo  entered  the  baptist 
ministry  not  long  before  his  death.  He 
was  the  author  of  History  of  a  Suit  in 
Equity;  Recreations  of  a  Southern  Barris 
ter;  Practical  Law  Forms;  and  Sermons 
by  a  Village  Pastor.  He  died  Dec.  22, 
1887,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

SANDS,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  na 
val  officer,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1811,  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.  He  entered  the  navy  in  1828; 
served  with  distinction  in  the  Mexican 
and  civil  wars;  was  commissioned  rear- 
admiral  in  1871;  and  placed  on  the  retired 
list  three  years  later.  He  died  June  30, 
1883,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SANDS,  JOHN  D.,  clergyman,  was  born 
Feb.  8,  1815,  in  England.  He  is  an  emi 
nent  congregational  clergyman;  and  dur 
ing  the  war  was  chaplain  in  the  nine 
teenth  regiment  Iowa  volunteer  infantry. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  Essex,  Vt.; 
several  churches  in  Iowa;  and  now  fills 
the  pastorate  in  the  Congregational 
church  of  Belmond,  Iowa. 

SANDS,  JOSHUA,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1758 
in  Queens  county,  N.  Y.  During  the  war 
of  1775  he  was  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn 
home  guards;  in  1797  was  appointed  col 
lector  of  customs  for  the  port  of  New 
York;  and  was  at  one  time  a  magistrate 
in  Kings  county.  He  also  took  an  active 
part  in  the  revolutionary  war  to  its  close. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  sen 
ate  from  Kings  county  from  1792  to  1799; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1803  to  1804,  and  again  from  1825  to  1827. 
He  died  Sept.  13,  1835,  in  Queens  county, 
N.  Y. 

SANDS,  JOSHUA  RATOON,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  May  15,  1795,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  In  1812  he  became  a  midshipman; 
lieutenant  in  1818;  commander  in  1840; 
captain  in  1854;  and  commodore  on  the 
retired  list  in  1862. 

SANDS,  ROBERT  CHARLES,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  11,  1799, 
in  Flatbush,  L.  I.  He  was  a  journalist 
and  verse-writer  of  New  York  city  who 
wrote  a  Life  of  Paul  Jones;  The  Talis 
man;  and  co-author  with  Eastburn  of  the 
once  noted  poem  Yamoyden.  He  died  in 
December,  1832,  in  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

SANKORD,  DAVID,  clergyman,  was 
born  Dec.  11,  1737,  in  Milford,  Conn.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Congregation 
al  church  at  Medway,  Mass.,  where  he 
passed  the  remainder  of  his  life,  with  the 
exception  of  a  brief  period,  during  which 
he  served  as  a  chaplain  in  the  revolu 
tionary  army.  He  early  resisted  the  op 


pression  of  Great  Britain,  and  relin 
quished  his  salary  for  a  time.  He  died 
April  7,  1810,  in  Medford,  Mass. 

SANFORD,  EDWARD,  journalist,  state 
senator,  poet,  was  born  July  8,  1805,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1838  he  was  made  as 
sistant  naval  officer  at  the  port  of  New 
York,  and  also  held  the  office  of  secretary 
to  the  commission  to  restore  the  duties  on 
goods  that  had  been  destroyed  by  the 
great  fire  of  1835.  In  1843  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate.  Among  his  best- 
known  compositions,  only  a  few  of  which 
appeared  over  his  own  name,  are  a  poeti 
cal  address  to  Black  Hawk;  and  The 
Loves  of  the  Shell-Fishes.  He  died  Aug. 
28,  1876,  in  Gowanda,  N.  Y. 

SANFORD,  EZEKIEL,  author,  was 
born  in  1796  in  Ridgefield,  Conn.  He  was 
the  author  of  A  History  of  the  United 
States  Before  the  Revolution;  and  a  novel 
entitled  The  Humors  on  Utopia.  He  died 
in  1822  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

SANFORD,  HENRY  C.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1833,  in  Maine. 
This  prominent  lawyer  of  Akron,  Ohio, 
has  been  prosecuting  attorney  of  his  city 
and  county;  and  for  two  terms  has  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  legislature. 

SANFORD',    JAMES   T.,   agriculturist, 

congressman,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1823  to  1825.  Having  ac 
quired  a  large  property  in  the  pursuits  of 
agriculture,  he  appropriated  a  part  of  his 
wealth  to  the  establishment  of  Jackson 
college.  He  died  about  1880. 

SANFOHD,  JONAH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1789  in  Cornwall,  Vt.  In  1829  and  1830  he 
represented  his  county  in  the  New  York 
state  legislature;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  1830- 
31.  He  was  one  of  the  associate  judges 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  He  died 
Dec.  25,  1867,  in  Hopkinton. 

SANFORD,  LAURA  G.,  historian.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  History  of  Erie  County, 
Pennsylvania,  which  is  considered  one  of 
the  most  meritorious  local  histories  of 
that  state. 

SANFORD,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  5, 
1771,  in  Bridgehampton,  L.  I.  He  was 
United  States  commissioner  of  bankrupt 
cy  for  New  York  in  1802;  was  United 
States  district  attorney  for  New  York 
from  1803  to  1816;  and  was  speaker  of  the 
assembly  in  1811.  He  was  afterward 
state  senator;  and  was  a  United  States 
senator  from  1815  to  1821,  and  again  from 
1825  to  1831.  He  was  chancellor  of  New 
iork  from  1823  to  1825.  He  died  Oct.  17, 
1838,  in  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

SANFORD,  STEPHEN,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  26,  1826,  in 
Amsterdam,  N.  Y.  The  Amsterdam  Res 
ervoir  company,  by  which  a  thousand 
acres  have  been  flooded  with  the  waters 
of  the  Chuctanunda  creek,  supplying  an 
immense  water  power  for  his  own  and 
other  manufactories,  originated  with  him, 
and  has  been  managed  by  him  as  presi 
dent.  He  also  founded  and  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Amsterdam  city  national  bank. 
He  was  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-first  congress. 

SANFORD,  THADDEUS,  journalist, 
banker,  was  born  in  1791  in  Connecticut. 
In  1828  he  became  the  editor  and  proprie 
tor  of  the  Mobile  Register.  He  contin 
ued  to  conduct  that  journal,  with  the  ex 
ception  of  the  period  between  1837  and 
1841,  for  twenty-six  years.  In  1833  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  bank  of  Mobile, 
and  in  1853  he  was  appointed  collector  of. 
the  port,  holding  the  office  throughout 
Buchanan's  administration.  He  died  April 
30,  1867,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


817 


SANGER,  GEORGE  PARTRIDGE,  law 
yer,  journalist,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1819,  in 
Dover,  Mass.  He  was  for  many  years  the 
editor  of  The  American  Almanac,  and  also 
edited  the  Boston  Law  Reporter.  He  ed 
ited,  with  George  Minot,  the  United  States 
Statutes  at  Large,  Treaties,  Proclama 
tions,  etc.;  and  in  1862-63,  with  John  G. 
Locke,  revised  and  consolidated  the  city 
ordinances  of  Boston,  Mass.,  and  collated 
the  state  municipal  laws.  He  died  July 
3,  1890,  in  Swampscott,  Mass. 

SANGER,  JANE,  business  woman,  poet, 
was  born  in  1829  in  Nelson,  N.  Y.  She  is 
the  owner  of  a  photograph  gallery,  and 
part-owner  of  a  book  bindery  at  Fort 
Scott,  Kan.  She  is  the  author  of  a  large 
number  of  poems;  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  current  literature:  and  her  po 
litical  poems  have  attracted  much  atten 
tion. 

SANGSTER,  MRS.  MARGARET  ELIZ 
ABETH  [MUNSON],  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1838,  in  New  Ro- 
chelle,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  journalist  of  New 
York  city,  editor  of  Harper's  Bazar  from 
1889,  and  a  popular  verse-writer  whose 
domestic  poems  display  sentiment  of  a 
very  genuine  kind.  Her  writings  in  verse 
comprise,  On  the  Road  Home;  Easter 
Bells;  Poems  of  the  Household;  Home 
Fairies  and  Heart  Flowers.  She  has  also 
written  a  Manual  of  Missions  of  the  Re 
formed  Church,  and  several  books  for 
girls,  including  Hours  with  Girls;  Home 
and  Heaven;  Splendid  Times;  Five  Hap 
py  Weeks;  May  Stanhope  and  her  Friend; 
Miss  Dewbury's  School;  Little  Knights 
and  Ladies;  and  Maidie's  Problem. 

SANKEY,  IRA  DAVID,  evangelist,  vo 
calist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1840,  in 
Edinburgh,  Pa.  He  was  a  musical  evan 
gelist,  and  co-laborer  of  Dwight  L.  Moody. 
He  is  the  author  of  several  popular 
hymns,  and  is  one  of  the  compilers  of  the 
revival  hymn  book  entitled  Gospel  Songs. 

SANTAYANA,  GEORGE,  educator,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1863  in  Spain.  He 
is  an  instructor  in  philosophy  at  Harvard 
university;  and  the  author  of  Sonnets  and 
Other  Poems;  and  The  Sense  of  Beauty: 
being  the  Outlines  of  ^Esthetic  Theory. 

SAPP,  OSCAR  L.,  lawyer,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  May  5,  1869,  in  Kerners- 
ville,  N.  C.  He  has  been  mayor  of  his  na 
tive  town  and  during  1891-92  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Enfield  Collegiate  institute. 

SAPP,  WILLIAM  FLETCHER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  20,  1824,  in  Danville,  Ohio.  In 
1860  he  removed  to  Nebraska;  and  in  1861 
was  appointed  adjutant-general  of  Ne 
braska  territory,  and  subsequently  elect 
ed  to  the  territorial  legislature.  He 
served  in  the  union  army  as  lieutenant- 
colonel.  He  moved  to  Iowa;  and  was  a 
state  representative  in  1865.  He  was 
United  States  district  attorney  from  1869 
to  1873.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Iowa  to  the  forty-fifth  congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-sixth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

SAPP,  WILLIAM  R.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1853  to 
1857. 

SARGEANT,  NATHANIEL  PEASLEE, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1731,  in  Methuen, 
Mass.  He  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the 
provincial  congress  in  1775;  and  was  a 
representative  in  the  Massachusetts  legis 
lature  in  1776.  He  was  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  state;  and  became 
chief  justice  in  1789.  He  died  Oct.  12, 
1791,  in  Haverhill,  Mass. 
52 


SARGENT,  AARON  AUGUSTUS,  law 
yer,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Sept.  28,  1827,  in  Newburyport, 

Mass.      In     1861    he 

was  elected  a  repre- 
^^^^^k  sentative  from  Cali 

fornia  to  the  thirty- 
^^    \          seventh         congress, 
serving  as  a  member 
f"  of    the     select   com- 

k.  mittee  on  the  Pacific 

railroad,  to  which 
enterprise  he  was 
particularly  devoted, 
and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-first  and 
forty-second  c  o  n  - 
gresses.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  for  the  term  commencing  in  1873 
and  ending  in  1879,  serving  on  the  com 
mittees  on  naval  affairs,  mines  and  min 
ing,  and  appropriations;  and  in  1882  was 
appointed  United  States  minister  to  Ger 
many.  He  died  Aug.  14,  1887,  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

SARGENT,  CHARLES  S  P  R  A  G  U  E, 
journalist,  botanist,  educator,  author,  was 
born  April  24,  1841,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
is  a  botanist  of  eminence,  Arnold  profes 
sor  of  arboriculture  at  Harvard  university 
from  1879,  and  editor  of  Garden  and  For 
est  from  1888.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Silva  of  North  America;  Report  on  tfie 
Forests  of  North  America;  The  Woods  of 
the  United  States;  and  Notes  on  the  For 
est  Flora  of  Japan. 

SARGENT,  DUDLEY  ALLEN,  medical 
examiner,  lecturer,  inventor,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  28,  1849,  in  Belfast,  Maine.  He 
received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.,  A.  M.  and 
S.  D.  from  Bowdoiu  college;  and  the  de 
gree  of  M.  D.  from  Yale  college.  He  is 
the  director  of  the  Hemenway  gymnasium 
of  the  Harvard  university  at  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
American  association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Physical  Education;  has  invented  vari 
ous  gymnastic  appliances;  has  lectured 
extensively  on  physical  training;  and  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  works  on  these 
topics. 

SARGENT,  EPES,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1813,  in  Glouces 
ter,  Mass.  He  was  a  once  prominent  Bos 
ton  journalist  and 
poet,  who  perhaps 
will  be  longest  re 
membered  by  the  fa 
miliar  poem,  Life  on 
the  Ocean  Wave. 
His  verse  includes, 
Songs  of  the  Sea; 
Poems;  and  The  Wo 
man  who  Dared.  In 
fiction  he  published, 
Wealth  and  Worth; 
What's  to  be  Done?; 
Fleetwood;  and  Pe 
culiar,  a  tale  of  the  Great  Rebellion.  He 
wrote  tne  dramas,  Bride  of  Genoa;  Ve- 
lasco;  Change  Makes  Change;  and  The 
Priestess.  His  miscellaneous  writings 
comprise,  Life  of  Henry  Clay;  American 
Adventures  by  Land  and  Sea;  Arctic  Ad 
ventures  by  Sea  and  Land;  Original  Dia 
logues;  Planchette,  the  Despair  of  Sci 
ence;  and  Memoir  of  Franklin.  He  edited 
a  popular  series  of  school  and  critical  edi 
tions  of  many  English  poets,  aad  Harper's 
Cyclopedia  of  Poetry.  He  died  Dec.  31, 
1880,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SARGENT,  FITZWILLIAM,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  May  17,  1820, 
in  Gloucester,  Mass.  He  is  a  Philadel 
phia  surgeon  who  went  to  live  in  Switzer 
land  in  1854;  and  is  the  author  of  Ban 
daging  and  Other  Operations  of  Minor 
Surgery. 


SARGENT,  GEORGE  HENRY,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1828,  in  Wor 
cester,  Mass.  In  1853  he  joined  his  bro 
ther,  Joseph  Brad 
ford  Sargent  in  the 
manufacture  of 
hardware.  His  prin 
cipal  factories  were 
established  in  1863, 
and  being  enlarged 
from  time  to  time 
now  represent  an  in 
vestment  of  millions 
of  dollars  and  stand 
as  a  monumental  in 
stance  of  the  prog 
ress  and  growth  of- 

American   manufactures    during  the   past 
forty  years. 

SARGENT,  HENRY,  artist,  was  born 
Nov.  25,  1770,  in  Gloucester,  Mass.  He  is 
widely  known  through  his  engraving, 
The  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims.  He  died 
Feb.  21,  1845,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SARGENT,  HENRY  WINTHROP,  hor 
ticulturist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1810, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  noted  horti 
culturist  of  Fishkill,  N.  Y.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Skeleton  Routes  through  England, 
etc.;  and  Treatise  on  Landscape  Garden 
ing.  He  died  Nov.  10,  1882,  in  Hudson, 
N.  Y. 

SARGENT,  HORACE  BINNEY,  soldier, 
was  born  June  30,  1821,  in  Quincy,  Mass. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  with  dis 
tinction,  and  was  brevetted  brigadier-gen 
eral. 

SARGENT,  JAMES,  inventor,  was  born 
Dec.  1,  1824,  in  Chester,  Vt.  He  invented 
a  lock  that  was  proof  against  professional 
skill,  for  which,  in  1865,  he  received  a  pat 
ent.  He  then  established  himself  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where  he  began  its 
manufacture.  In  1873  he  invented  the 
timelocks  that  bear  his  name,  which  were 
the  first  ever  successfully  used  in  this 
country. 

SARGENT,  JOHN  OSBORNE,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1811, 
in  Gloucester,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer 
and  journalist  of  New  York  city.  He 
translated  Griin's  Last  Knight;  and  pub 
lished,  also,  Papers  for  the  Times  by  a 
Berkshire  Farmer;  a'nd  Horatian  Echoes; 
Translation  of  the  Odes  of  Horace.  He 
died  in  1891. 

SARGENT,  JOHN  SINGER,  artist,  was 
born  in  1856  in  Italy.  Among  his  figure- 
pieces  are  Fishing  for  Oysters  at  Cancale; 
and  Neapolitan  Children  Bathing.  He  is 
especially  noted  for  his  excellent  por 
traits. 

SARGENT,  LUCIUS  MANLIUS,  author, 
was  born  June  25,  1786,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  once  prominent  temperance  ad 
vocate  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Tem 
perance  Tales,  a  very  popular  work;  Deal 
ings  with  the  Dead;  The  Irrepressible 
Conflict;  Hubert  and  Ellen;  and  Other 
Poems;  and  Translations  from  the  Minor 
Latin  Poets.  He  died  June  2,  1867,  in 
West  Roxbury,  Mass. 

SARGENT,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  jurist,  author,  was  born  May  5,  1794,  in 
Pultney,  Vt.  In  1830  he  went  to  Philadel 
phia  and  established  a  whig  newspaper. 
He  subsequently  became  the  Washington 
correspondent  of  the  United  States  Ga 
zette  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  register  of 
the  treasury  from  1851  to  1853;  and  in  1861 
was  appointed  commissioner  of  customs, 
and  held  the  position  until  1871.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  president  of  the 
Washington  reform  school,  and  his  last 
literary  labor  was  the  preparation  of  a 
work  entitled  Public  Men  and  Events. 
He  also  wrote  Life  of  Henry  Clay.  He 
died  Feb.  2,  1875,  in  Washington,  D.  C 


818 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SARGENT,  WINTHROP,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  poet,  was  born  May  1,  1753,  in 
Gloucester,  Mass.  He  attained  the  rank 
of  major,  serving  during  the  entire  war. 
He  became  connected  with  the  Ohio  com 
pany,  and  in  1786  was  appointed  surveyor 
of  the  northwest  territory;  and  became  its 
secretary  in  1787.  He  was  governor  of 
the  territory  of  Mississippi  from  1798  to 
1801;  and  was  adjutant-general  of  St. 
Clair's  army  in  the  unfortunate  expedi 
tion  against  the  Indians,  in  1791,  and  was 
wounded.  He  was  adjutant-general  and 
inspector  in  Wayne's  campaign  in  1794 
and  1795.  He  was  the  author  of  Boston, 
a  Poem;  and  Papers  Relating  to  Certain 
American  Antiquities.  He  died  June  3, 
1820. 

SARGENT,  WINTHROP,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1825,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Life  of  Major 
Andi-6,  a  work  displaying  much  research. 
He  also  edited  the  History  of  Braddock's 
Expedition,  from  Original  Papers.  He 
died  May  18,  1870,  in  Paris,  France. 

SARTAIN,  EMILY,  artist,  was  born 
March  17,  1841,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She 
is  the  principal  of  the  Philadelphia  school 
of  Design  for  women.  She  gained  a 
medal  in  1876  at  the  Centennial  exhibition 
for  her  painting  entitled  Reproof. 

SARTAIN,  JOHN,  engraver,  was  born 
Oct.  24,  1808,  in  London,  England.  In 
1830  he  brought  the  art  of  mezzo  tinting 
to  the  United  States.  He  established  Sar- 
tain's  Magazine  in  New  York  city;  and 
attained  national  reputation  as  a  success 
ful  engraver.  His  most  noted  plates  are 
Christ  Rejected;  The  Ironworker;  King 
Solomon;  Civil  War  in  Missouri;  Home 
stead  of  Henry  Clay;  and  The  Battle  of 
Gettysburg.  For  sixty-seven  years  he 
lived  in  Philadelphia;  was  director  of  the 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts  for  twenty-three 
years;  was  chief  of  the  bureau  of  art  at 
the  Centennial  exposition;  and  he  has  re 
ceived  thirty  decorations  and  medals. 
His  children  inherit  their  father's  genius: 
Samuel  is  an  engraver  of  portraits;  Wil 
liam  is  a  New  York  painter  and  president 
of  the  Art  club  of  that  city,  and  His 
daughter  Emily  is  an  artist  and  art  critic 
of  note,  and  was  a  member  of  the  inter 
national  jury  of  awards  of  the  World's 
Columbian  exposition  at  Chicago.  He 
died  in  1898  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SARTAIN,  SAMUEL,  engraver,  was 
born  Oct.  8,  1830,  in  Philadelphia.  His 
prints  include  Clear  the  Track;  Christ 
blessing  Little  Children;  One  of  the 
Chosen;  Christ  stilling  the  Tempest; 
The  Song  of  the  Angels;  Evangeline;  and 
various  portraits  after  Thomas  Stilly, 
John  Neagle,  and  others. 

SARTAIN,  WILLIAM,  artist,  educator, 
was  born  Nov.  21,  1843,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  has  been  professor  in  various  art 
institutes  and  received  a  silver  medal 
from  Boston  and  from  the  Pennsylvania 
academy  of  fine  arts.  His  pictures  have  a 
place  in  several  of  the  public  art  galleries. 

SARTWELL,  HENRY  PARKER,  phy 
sician,  botanist,  author,  was  born  April  1, 
1792,  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  botan 
ist  and  physician  of  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y.,  who 
from  1840  devoted  his  attention  to  the 
genus  Carex.  His  herbarium  of  more 
than  eight  thousand  specimens  is  in  Ham 
ilton  college.  He  is  the  author  of  Carices 
Americanse  Exstccata?.  He  died  Nov.  15, 
1867,  in  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 

SASNETT,  WILLIAM  JACOB,  clergy 
man,  educator,  was  born  April  29,  1820,  in 
Hancock,  Ga.  He  was  professor  of  Eng 
lish  in  Emory  college,  Georgia,  in  1849- 
57;  president  of  Lagrange  female  college 
in  1858,  and  the  next  year  became  princi 


pal  of  East  Alabama  college  in  Auburn. 
He  died  Nov.  3,  1865,  in  Montgomery,  Ala. 

SATTERFIELD,  DAVID  JUNKIN,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  Oct.  16,  1844,  in  Pulaski,  Pa.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  Princeton  col 
lege  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Western  The 
ological  seminary  of  Allegheny,  Pa.  Dur 
ing  1873-85  he  was  pastor  of  the  pres- 
byterian  church  of  Beaver,  Pa.;  and  since 
1886  has  been  president  of  the  Scotia 
seminary  of  Concord,  N.  C. 

SATTERLEE,  FRANCIS  LE  ROY,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  June  15,  1847,  in 
New  York  city.  Since  1869  he  has  been 
professor  of  chemistry,  materia  medica 
and  therapeutics  in  the  New  York  college 
of  Dentistry,  and  is  the  author  of  The 
Treatment  of  Erysipelas;  and  a  Treatise 
on  Gout  and  Rheumatism. 

SATTERLEE,  HENRY  YATES,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1843,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  the  first  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop  of  Washington,  and  prior  to 
1896  a  prominent  clergyman  of  New  York 
city.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Creedless  Gos 
pel  and  the  Gospel  Creed. 

SATTERLEE,  RICHARD  SHERWOOD, 
soldier,  surgeon,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1798,  in 
Fairfield,  N.  Y.  He  became  United  States 
medical  purveyor  in  1853,  held  that  office 
till  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  and  in  1864 
was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel,  colonel, 
and  brigadier-general.  He  became  lieu 
tenant-colonel  and  chief  medical  purveyor 
in  1866,  and  was  retired  in  1869.  He  died 
Nov.  10,  1880,  in  New  York  city. 

SATTERLEE,  WALTER,  artist,  was 
born  Jan.  18,  1844,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In 
1886  he  gained  the  Clarke  prize  at  the 
academy.  Among  his  works  are  the  oil 
paintings,  Contemplation,  in  Smith  col 
lege,  Northampton,  Mass.;  Extremes  Meet, 
and  The  Convent  Composer;  Autumn; 
Good-bye  Summer:  and  Fortune  by  Tea 
Leaves.  His  pencil  has  been  frequently 
employed  in  book  illustration,  and  he  is 
well  known  as  a  teacher. 

SATTERTHWAIT,  JOSHUA  W.,  busi 
ness  man  legislator,  was  born  March  29, 
1835,  in  Senecaville,  Ohio.  He  is  a  success 
ful  druggist  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa;  was 
trustee  of  the  Iowa  State  Normal  school 
for  twelve  years;  and  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  thirteenth  general 
assembly  of  the  Iowa  state  legislature. 

SATTERTHWAITE,  THOMAS  E.,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  March 
26,  1843,  in  New  York  city.  He  filled  the 
chair  of  surgery  in  the  College  of  Physi 
cians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  city.  He 
is  the  author  of  A  Manual  of  Histology; 
Practical  Bacteriology;  and  numerous 
medical  papers. 

SAUERHERING,  EDWARD,  pharma 
cist,  congressman,  was  born  June  24,  1864, 
in  Mayville,  Wis.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican  from  Mayville, 
Wis. 

SAUL,  GEORGE  W.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1858,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
From  1889  to  1892  he  was  president  of  the 
Chicago  and  Eastern  Illinois  railroad; 
and  he  was  also  president  of  various  other 
railroad  corporations  at  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

SAULSBURY,  ELI,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  29,  1817,  in  Kent  county,  Del.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature  of  Dela 
ware  in  1853  and  1854;  and  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  in  1871  for  the  term 
ending  in  1877:  and  was  re-elected  in  1877 
and  again  in  1883. 

SAULSBURY,  GOVE,  governor,  was 
born  in  Delaware.  He  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Delaware  in  1865  until  1871. 


SAULSBURY,  WILLARD,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  June  2, 
1820,  in  Kent  county,  Del.  In  1850  he  was 
appointed  attorney-general  of  Delaware, 
holding  the  oflice  five  years.  In  1859  he 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  for  the 
term  ending  in  1865;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1871. 

SAUNDERS,  ALVIN,  merchant,  bank 
er,  governor,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  July  12,  1817,  in  Fleming  county, 
Ky.  He  was  postmaster  at  Mount  Pleas 
ant,  Iowa,  for  seven  years.  He  was  a 
state  senator  for  eight  years;  and  was 
one  of  the  commissioners  appointed  by 
congress  to  organize  the  Pacific  Railroad 
company.  He  was  governor  of  the  ter 
ritory  of  Nebraska  from  1861  until  it  was 
admitted  as  a  state  in  1867;  and  was 
elected  a  United  States  senator  from  Ne 
braska  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4,  1877. 

SAUNDERS,  EPHRAIM  DOD,  clergy 
man,  philanthropist,  was  born  Sept.  30, 
1808,  in  Brookside,  N.  J.  In  1871  he  gave 
the  buildings  and  grounds,  which  were 
valued  at  $100,000,  to  found,  as  a  memorial 
of  his  son,  Courtland,  the  Presbyterian 
hospital,  toward  whose  endowment  he 
raised  $100,000  more  by  his  personal  ef 
forts.  He  died  Sept.  13,  1872,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

SAUNDERS,  JAMES  NEWTON,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  April  2,  1864,  in 
Springfield,  Ky.  This  eminent  lawyer 
has  served  as  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
state  legislature;  and  for  many  years 
was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  railroad 
commission. 

SACNDERS,  FREDERICK,  librarian, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1807,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  the  librarian  of  the  Astor 
library,  New  York  city,  in  1859-96;  and 
is  the  author  of  New  York  in  a  Nut-Shell; 
Salad  for  the  Solitary  and  Salad  for  the 
Social:  Memoirs  of  the  Great  Metropolis; 
The  Story  of  Some  Famous  Books;  Story 
of  the  Discovery  of  the  New  World  by 
Columbus;  Pastime  Papers;  Stray  Leaves 
of  Literature;  and  Character  Studies. 

SAUNDERS,  ROBERT,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1805,  in  Williams- 
burg,  Va.  He  was  fourteenth  president  of 
the  William  and  Mary  college;  and  presi 
dent  of  the  York  River  railroad.  He  died 
Sept.  11,  1868. 

SAUNDERS,  ROMULUS  MITCHELL, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  3,  1791,  in  Caswell 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1821  to  1827,  and  from  1841  to  1845.  In 
1828  he  was  attorney-general  of  the  state. 
In  1835  he  was  elected  a  judge  of  the 
state  supreme  court;  and  in  1846  was  ap 
pointed  minister  to  Spain,  where  he  re 
mained  four  years.  On  his  return  was 
again  elected  to  the  legislature  of  North 
Carolina;  and  afterward  devoted  much 
attention  to  the  railroad  improvements  of 
the  state.  He  died  April  21,  1867,  in 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 

SAUNDERS,  WILLIAM  LAURENCE, 
author,  was  born  July  30,  1835,  in  Raleigh, 
N.  C.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  the  Colonial  Records  of  North  Caro 
lina.  He  died  April  2,  1891,  in  Raleigh, 
N.  C. 

SAVAGE,  EDWARD,  artist,  was  born 
Nov.  26,  1761,  in  Princeton,  Mass.  He 
produced  the  well-known  Family  Group  at 
Mount  Vernon.  This  was  for  a  long  time 
exhibited  in  the  museum  that  Savage  es 
tablished  in  New  York,  and  is  now  in  the 
Boston  museum.  His  portraits  of  Wash 
ington  and  Henry  Knox  were  frequently 
engraved  by  the  artist  himself  and  by 
others.  He  died  July  6,  1817,  in  Prince 
ton,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


819 


SAVAGE,  EDWARD  HARTWELL,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  May  18,  1812, 
in  Alstead,  N.  H.  He  was  a  Boston  police 
man  and  justice  of  the  peace;  and  the 
author  of  Boston  Police  Recollections; 
and  Five  Thousand  Boston  Events,  1630- 
1880. 

SAVAGE,  GEORGE  MARTIN,  clergy 
man,  educator,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1849,  in 
Tishomingo  county,  Miss.  This  eminent 
clergyman  has  been  president  of  the 
Southwestern  Baptist  university  of  Jack 
son,  Tenn.,  since  1890;  and  for  twenty- 
five  years  has  been  pastor  of  various 
baptist  churches. 

SAVAGE,  JAMES,  lawyer,  genealogist, 
author,  was  born  July  13,  1784,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  lawyer  eminent 
as  a  genealogist.  He  is  best  known  as  the 
author  of  a  Genealogical  Dictionary  of  the 
First  Settlers  of  New  England,  upon 
which  twenty  years  of  labor  were  expend 
ed.  He  died  March  8,  1873,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

SAVAGE,     JAMES    WOODRUFF,     sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  2, 
1826,  in  Bedford,  N.  H.    In  1847  he  gradu 
ated     from     Havard 
university    with    the 
degree  of  B.  A.;    and 
in  1850  was  admitted 
to    the   bar    in    New 
York   city.     In   1861 
he       was       commis 
sioned  captain  in  the 
regular  army  and  as 
signed      as      aid-de 
camp  to  the  staff  of 
General         Fremont. 
He  was  subsequently 
promoted    to    major, 
lieutenant-colonel  and  became  colonel  of 
the  twelfth  New  York  volunteer  cavalry. 
In  1867  he  moved  to  Omaha,  Neb.;  and  in 
1875,  was  elected  judge   of  the  third  ju 
dicial   district,  and    in   1879   received   the 
election  for   a  second  term.     In   1885  he 
was  appointed   a  government   director  of 
the  Union  Pacific  Railway  company.     He 
has  written   extensively   articles   on   his 
torical  and  law  subjects,  and  is  a   mem 
ber  of  various  historical  societies  of  New 
Hampshire,  Wisconsin  and  Missouri. 

SAVAGE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1779 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  in  1814;  and  from 
1815  to  1819  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state.  He  subsequently 
held  the  positions  of  district  attorney, 
comptroller  of  the  state,  chief  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  York,  and 
treasurer  of  the  United  States  for  New 
York.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1845.  He  died  Oct.  19,  1863,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

SAVAGE,  JOHN,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1828,  in  Ireland, 
He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York  city, 
and  subsequently  of  Washington.  He  was 
the  author  of  Poems;  Picturesque  Ire 
land;  Lays  of  the  Folkstead;  Modern 
Revolutionary  History  of  Ireland;  Our 
Living  Representative  Men;  Life  of  An 
drew  Johnson;  Fenian  Heroes  and  Mar 
tyrs;  Sibyl,  a  tragedy;  and  several  other 
plays.  He  died  Dec.  13,  1828,  in  Dublin, 
Ireland. 

SAVAGE,  JOHN  HOUSTON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  9. 
1815,  in  McMinnville  Tenn.  He  was  at 
torney-general  of  the  fourth  district  of 
Tennessee  in  1841,  and  held  the  office  until 
1847.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  in  1849;  was  re-elected  in  1851; 
and  was  again  elected  to  congress  in  1855 
and  1857. 


B 


SAVAGE,  JOHN  S.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1841,  in  Clermont 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Clinton  county,  Ohio,  in  1865;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress. 

SAVAGE,  MINOT  JUDSON,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  June  10,  1841,  in 
Norridgewock,  Maine.  He  was  educated 
principally  at  Bow- 
•f^Bffif!  doin  college;  and  in 
1864  graduated  at  the 
Bangor  Theological 
seminary.  He  has 
been  a  congregation 
al  missionary  in  Cal 
ifornia;  has  been 
pastor  of  the  several 
prominent  churches; 
and  is  now  pastor  of 
the  church  of  the 
Unity  of  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Christianity  the  Science  of  Man 
hood;  Beliefs  About  Man;  Belief  in 
God;  Life  Questions;  Poems;  The  Re 
ligion  of  Evolution;  The  Religion  of 
Morals;  Talks  About  Jesus;  The  Modern 
Sphinx;  Man,  Woman  and  Child;  Social 
Problems;  My  Creed;  Religious  Recon 
struction;  Signs  of  the  Times;  Helps  for 
Daily  Living;  Four  Great  Questions  Con 
cerning  God;  The  Evolution  of  Christian 
ity;  Is  This  a  Good  World?;  Jesus  and 
Modern  Life;  A  Man;  Light  on  the  Cloud; 
Bluff  ton,  a  novel;  and  The  Minister's 
Handbook. 

SAVAGE,  PHILIP  HENRY,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1868  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  Boston  writer;  and  the  author 
of  First  Poems  and  Fragments. 

SAVAGE,  RICHARD  HENRY,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1846  in  New  York.  He 
is  the  author  of  My  Official  Wife;  For 
Life  and  Love;  A  Daughter  of  Judas; 
The  Anarchist;  Delilah  of  Harlem;  In 
the  Old  Chateau;  The  Little  Judge  of 
Lagunitas;  The  Masked  Venus;  The  Fly 
ing  Halcyon;  Miss  Devereux  of  the  Mari- 
quita;  and  After  Many  Years,  and  Other 
Poems. 

SAVAGE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  soldier, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  27,  1833,  in  Woolwich,  Maine. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  a  captain  in 
the  seventeenth  regiment  Maine  volunteer 
infantry.  He  has  become  distinguished 
as  an  eminent  clergyman,  and  now  fills 
a  pastorate  in  Watertown,  Mass.  He  has 
published  numerous  sermons,  essays,  and 
poems. 

SAVITZ,  JEROHN  JOSEPH,  educator, 
was  born  Jan.  1,  1866,  in  Easton,  Pa.  He 
attended  the  Kutztown  Normal  school: 
Fayette  college  for  three  years;  and  took 
a  course  at  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  univer 
sity,  and  at  Wooster,  Ohio.  Since  1882  he 
has  been  engaged  in  educational  work, 
and  for  the  past  seven  years  has  been  su 
pervising  principal  of  schools  of  Slating- 
ton,  Pa.  He  received  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
from  Ursinus  university  in  1893. 

SAWTELLE,  CHARLES  GREENE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  May  10,  1834,  in  Norridge 
wock.  In  1864  he  was  in  charge  of  steam 
transportation  in  the  department  of  the 
gulf,  and  was  chief  quartermaster  in  the 
military  division  of  west  Mississippi  in 
1864-65. 

SAWTELLE,  CULLEN,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Nor 
ridgewock.  Maine.  He  served  eight  years 
as  register  of  probate;  was  a  state  sen 
ator  during  the  years  1843  and  1844;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine  from  1845  to  1847,  and  again  from 
1849  to  1851. 


SAWTELLE,  HENRY  ALLEN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1832,  in 
Sidney,  Maine.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man  of  San  Francisco  and  elsewhere;  and 
the  author  of  Open  Communion;  and 
Things  to  Think  Of.  He  died  Nov.  22, 
1885,  in  Waterville,  Maine. 

SAWTELLE,  LELIA  ROBINSON,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  July  23,  1850,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  She  was  a  successful  law 
yer  of  Boston,  Mass.,  and  author  of  Law 
Made  Easy;  and  the  Law  of  Husband  and 
Wife.  She  died  Aug.  10,  1891. 

SAWYER,  MRS.  CATHARINE  ME- 
HETABEL  [FISHER],  author,  was  born 
Dec.  8,  1812,  in  Newton,  Mass.  She  is  the 
author  of  The  Poetry  of  Hebrew  Tradi 
tion.  For  many  years  she  was  editor  of 
The  Ladies'  Repository. 

SAWYER,  CLAUDE  EPAMINONDAS, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1851, 
in  Sawyers  Mills,  S.  C.  For  four  years  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina 
legislature;  was  presidential  elector  in 
1888;  and  has  filled  various  other  public 
positions  of  honor.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  historic  Wallace  house  in  1876,  and 
took  a  prominent  part  in  behalf  of  peace 
in  quelling  the  riots  of  1876.  He  was 
subsequently  a  colonel  on  Hampton 
Wade's  staff,  and  on  the  staffs  of  several 
succeeding  governors.  While  a  member 
of  the  legislature  he  took  an  important 
part  in  the  deliberations  of  that  body. 
For  many  years  he  was  official  reporter  of 
the  second  judicial  circuit;  is  the  editor 
of  a  monthly  magazine;  and  prominent  in 
masonry  and  other  fraternal  orders  at 
Aiken,  S.  C. 

SAWYER,  ELBERT  H.,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  18,  1843,  in  Milford,  Mich. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  Fenton  seminary,  Kalamazoo  col 
lege,  the  La  Grange  college  of  Missouri, 
and  the  Theological  seminary  of  Chi 
cago.  For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century 
he  has  been  a  clergyman;  for  ten  years 
a  college  professor  and  president;  for  four 
years  was  president  of  the  Baptist  con 
vention  of  Colorado;  in  1889  was  presi 
dent  of  the  baptist  ministers'  conference 
at  St.  Louis:  and  now  resides  in  Kirk- 
wood,  Mo.  During  the  war  he  served  as 
a  private  soldier  in  the  eighth  regiment 
Michigan  volunteer  infantry;  was  wound 
ed  by  shell  in  his  right  hand  at  Antietam; 
and  was  conspicuous  in  the  charge  of  the 
slope  and  in  protecting  regimental  colors. 

SAWYER,  FREDERICK  ADOLPHUS, 
educator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  12,  1822,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1859 
he  went  to  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  had 
charge  of  the  normal  school  there  until 
1861.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  for  the  term 
ending  in  1873;  and  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  assistant  secretary  of  the  treasury. 

SAWYER,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  22,  1810,  in 
Saco,  Maine.  He  was  a  Boston  lawyer; 
and  the  author  of  Merchant's  and  Chip- 
master's  Guide;  Plea  for  Amusements; 
and  Hits  at  American  Whims.  He  died  in 
1875  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SAWYER,  GEORGE  SMALL,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1841,  in  Stand- 
ish,  Maine.  In  1862  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Maine;  in  1864  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Ormsby  county,  Nev. ; 
and  in  1870  was  made  district  attorney 
of  Lincoln  county.  During  1889-91  he 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  of  Nevada.  In  1884  he 
was  elected  superintendent  of  schools: 
and  in  1894  was  a  candidate  for  attorney- 
general  of  Nevada  on  the  populist  ticket. 


820 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    QF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SAWYER,  HORACE  BUCKLIN,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1797,  in  Bur 
lington,  Vt.  In  1856  the  legislature  of 
Vermont  gave  him  a  handsome  sword  for 
his  services  in  the  second  war  with  Great 
Britain.  He  died  Feb.  14,  1860,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

SAWYER,  JOHN  GILBERT,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June  5, 
1825,  in  Brandon,  Vt.  He  was  a  justice  of 
the  peace  in  Albion  from  1852  to  1858; 
was  district  attorney  of  Orleans  county 
from  1863  to  1866;  and  was  judge  and 
surrogate  of  Orleans  county  from  1868  to 
1884.  In  tne  latter  year  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Vermont  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

SAWYER,  LEICESTER  AMBROSE,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  July 
28,  1807,  in  Pinckney,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  pres- 
byterian  clergyman  and  educator,  after 
1860  a  resident  of  Whitesboro,  N.  Y.;  and 
the  author  of  Elements  of  Biblical  Inter 
pretation;  Mental  Philosophy;  Moral  Phi 
losophy;  A  Critical  Exposition  of  Bap 
tism;  Organic  Christianity;  and  Recon 
struction  of  Bible  Theories.  He  made  a 
translation  of  the  Scriptures,  of  which  the 
New  Testament  was  published. 

SAWYER,  LEMUEL,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
in  1777  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  in  the 
North  Carolina  state  legislature  in  1801; 
and  was  a  representative  from  North 
Carolina  to  congress  in  1807-13.  He  sub 
sequently  served  in  the  same  capacity 
from  1817  to  1823,  and  from  1825  to  1829. 
About  1850  he  moved  to  Washington,  and 
held  a  clerkship  in  one  of  the  depart 
ments.  He  published  a  Life  of  John  Ran 
dolph;  and  an  Autobiography.  He  died 
Jan.  9,  1852,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SAWYER.  LORENZO,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  May  23,  1820,  in  Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 
In  1854  he  was  elected  attorney  for  San 
Francisco;  and  was  afterward  appointed 
judge  of  the  district  court  for  the  state. 
In  1863  he  was  elected  one  of  the  justices 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state;  was 
chief  justice  from  1868  to  1870;  and  in 
the  latter  year  was  commissioned  United 
States  circuit  judge  for  the  ninth  circuit, 
residing  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

SAWYER,  LUCY  SARGENT,  mission 
ary,  was  born  April  3,  1840,  in  Belfast, 
Maine.  Her  whole  life  has  been  spent  in 
mission  work;  and  in  1882  she  was  elected 
president  of  the  Woman's  Home  Mission 
ary  society. 

SAWYER,  MOSES  HAVENS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  June  6,  1827,  in  Mystic, 
Conn.  In  1886  he  was  appointed  United 
bodies  consul  at  Trinidad  and  Tobago.  He 
is  the  author  of  Lieutenant  Colburn;  His 
tory  of  Annexation  of  Tobago;  Judica 
ture;  Mortgages;  Desertion  of  Seamen, 
Immigration  and  Ornithology. 

SAWYER,  PHILETUS,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1816,  in  Whit 
ing,  Vt.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legis 
lature  of  Wisconsin 
in  1857  and  1861;  and 
in  1863  was  elected 
ft...  I  niayor  of  Oshkosh, 
and  re-elected  in 
1864.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative 
from  Wisconsin  to 
the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress.  He  was  also 
a  delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  Loyal 
ists'  convention  of  1866;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fortieth  congress.  He  was 
also  re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding 


congresses;  and  declined  a  re-election. 
He  was  elected  a  United  States  senator, 
from  Wisconsin  for  the  term  of  six  years, 
from  March  4,  1881;  and  was  re-elected  in 
1887.  In  1896  he  was  chairman  of  the  re 
publican  convention  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  that 
nominated  William  McKinley  for  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States. 

SAWYER,  S.  T.,  journalist,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1800  in  North  Carolina. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1837  to  1839.  He  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  customs  at  Norfolk, 
Va. ;  and  was  subsequently  editor  of  the 
Norfolk  Argus.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1865,  in 
New  Jersey. 

SAWYER,  SAMUEL  L.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1813,  in 
Mount  Vernon,  N.  H.  He  moved  to  Mis 
souri  in  1838;  and  was  elected  circuit  at 
torney  in  1848,  and  re-elected  in  1852.  He 
was  elected  a  circuit  judge  in  1871,  and  re- 
elected  in  1874.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-sixth 
congress  as  an  independent  democrat. 

SAWYER,  SYLVANUS,  inventor,  was 
born  April  15,  1822,  in  Templeton,  Mass. 
His  inventions  have  entirely  revolution 
ized  the  chair-cane  business;  and  in  1853 
he  invented  improvements  in  rifle  and 
cannon  projectiles. 

SAWYER,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
9,  1804,  in  Reading,  Vt.  He  is  a  universal- 
ist  clergyman  and  educator,  and  after 
1869  a  professor  of  theology  at  Tufts  col 
lege.  He  is  the  author  of  Doctrine  of 
Eternal  Salvation;  Who  Is  God, — the  Son 
or  the  Father?;  and  Endless  Punishment 
in  the  Very  Words  of  Its  Advocates. 

SAWYER,  WILLARD  S.,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1860,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  teacher  of  the  piano 
and  violin  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  and  the 
author  of  Sawyer's  Piano  Student's  Prac 
tice  Records. 

SAWYER,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1845 
to  1849. 

SAXE,  JACOB  BRADFORD,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1819, 
in  Greenfield,  N.  Y.  Since  1843  he  has 
been  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  uni- 
versalist  church,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate 
in  Fort  Scott,  Kan.  He  is  a  constant  con 
tributor  to  various  publications;  and  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  The  Or 
ganic  Laws. 

SAXE,  JOHN  GODFREY,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  June  2,  1816,  in 
Highgate,  Vt.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  jour 
nalist  of  Vermont 
and  subsequently  of 
New  York,  widely 
known  as  a  humor 
ous  poet.  He  was 
the  author  of  Prog 
ress;  A  New  Rape 
of  the  Lock;  The 
Proud  MissMcBride; 
The  Money  King; 
CleverSongs  of  Many 
Nations;  The  Mas 
querade;  Leisure 
Day  Rhymes;  and 
Fables  and  Lyrics  in  Rhyme.  He  died 
March  31,  1887,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

SAXTON,  CHARLES  TERRY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  lieutenant-governor,  wa  i 
born  July  2,  1846,  in  Clyde,  N.  Y.  He  en 
listed  during  the  civil  war  in  the  nine 
teenth  New  York  infantry,  and  mustered 
out  as  sergeant-major;  and  has  held  high 
office  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 
In  1867  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
after  practicing  his  profession  for  awhile 
in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  he  opened  an 


office  in  his  native  tity,  where  he  has  ac 
quired  prominence  as  a  counsel  learned  in 
the  law.  In  1887-89  he  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  state  assembly;  a  state 
senator  in  1890-94;  and  was  inaugurated 
lieutenant-governor  of  his  state  on  Jan.  1, 
1895.  He  introduced  the  Australian  ballot 
system  in  New  York;  in  1894  he  appoint 
ed  the  Luxow  committee;  and  has  al 
ways  taken  an  active  part  in  reform  legis 
lation.  He  received  the  degree  of  doctor 
of  laws  from  the  Union  university,  and 
in  1892  was  elected  chancellor  of  that  in 
stitution.  He  is  a  fluent  and  forcible  writ 
er;  and  1ms  contributed  to  the  North 
American  Review  and  other  current  pub 
lications. 

SAXTON,  JOSEPH,  inventor,  was  born 
March  22,  1799,  in  Huntington  county,  Pa. 
He  made  the  clock  which  still  marks  the 
time  from  the  belfry  of  Independence  hall 
in  Philadelphia,  when  he  was  but  eight 
een,  and  subsequently  added  many  in 
genious  devices  to  science.  He  was  one  of 
the  original  ineorporators  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Science.  He  died  Oct.  26, 
1873,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SAXTON,  RUFUS,  soldier,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  1S24.  in  Greenfield,  Mass.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war,  and  in  1865  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  in  the  United  States  army.  In 
1882  he  was  promoted  to  colonel  and  as 
sistant  quartermaster-general. 

SAY,  BENJAMIN,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1756  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1808  to  1809  to  fill  a 
vacancy.  He  died  April  3,  1813,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

SAY,  THOMAS,  zoologist,  author,  was 
born  July  27,  1787,  in  Philadelphia.  He 
was  a  zoologist  who  was  the  first  curator 
of  the  Philadelphia 
Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences.  In  1825  he 
removed  to  New 
Harmony,  Ind.,  and 
was  the  agent  of  the 
Owen  socialist  col 
ony  there.  He  was 
the  author  of  Vo 
cabularies  of  Indian 
languages;  American 
Conchology;  and 
American  Entomol 
ogy.  His  Complete 
Writings  on  Conchology  have  been  ed 
ited  by  Binney,  and  those  on  Entomology 
by  Le  Conte.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1834,  in 
New  Harmony,  Ind. 

SAYERS,  JOSEPH  D.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1841,  in 
Grenada,  Miss.  He  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Texas  state  senate  in  the  session  of 
1873;  and  was  lieutenant-governor  of 
Texas  in  1879-80.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-sec 
ond,  fifty-third,  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

SAYLER,  HENRY  B.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  31,  1836,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Ohio.  He  enlisted 
in  the  army  as  lieutenant;  and  was  pro 
moted  to  major  of  the  one  hundred  and 
eighteenth  Indiana  infantry.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
forty-third  congress  as  a  republican. 

SAYLER,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1846,  in 
Farmington,  111.  He  served  during  the 
civil  war  as  a  private  soldier  in  the  sixty- 
first  and  eighty-third  regiments  Illinois 
volunteer  infantry.  He  is  an  able  law 
yer  of  Marysville,  Mo.,  of  which  city  he 
has  served  as  mayor  for  three  terms. 
He  is  now  probate  judge  of  his  county. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


821 


SAYLER,  MILTON,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  4, 
1831,  in  Lewlsburg,  Ohio.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Ohio  state  legislature  in  1862 
and  1863,  and  of  the  city  councils  in  1864 
and  1865.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-third  and 
forty-fourth  congresses;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

SAYLES,  FREDERIC  CLARK,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  July  17,  1835.  He  be 
came  the  partner  of  his  brother  in  1863, 
and  was  an  active  co-laborer  with  him  'in 
the  development  of  the  Moshassuck 
bleachery  and  nearly  all  the  other  mill 
ing  enterprises  controlled  by  the  Sayles 
family.  He  has  served  as  mayor  of  Paw- 
tucket,  in  which  city  he  lives. 

SAYLES,  JOHN,  educator,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  author,  was  born  March  9,  1825,  in 
Vernon,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  Texas  jurist,  and 
professor  in  Baylor  university  from  1880. 
He  was  the  author  of  Practice  in  the  Dis 
trict  and  Supreme  Courts  of  Texas;  Civil 
Jurisdiction  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  in 
the  State  of  Texas;  Principles  of  Pleading 
in  Civil  Actions  in  the  Courts  of  Texas; 
Probate  Laws  of  Texas;  Laws  of  Busi 
ness;  Constitution  of  Texas,  with  Notes; 
and  Notes  on  Texan  Reports. 

SAYRE,  DAVID  AUSTEN,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  March  12,  1793,  in  Bottle 
Hill,  N.  J.  He  removed  in  early  life  to 
Lexington,  where  he  became  a  success 
ful  merchant  and  banker.  Though  re 
peatedly  meeting  with  heavy  losses,  he 
gave  about  $500,000  to  benevolent  objects 
during  his  lifetime,  including  $100,000  to 
found  the  Sayre  institute.  He  died  Sept. 
11,  1870,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 

SAYRE,  EMILIUS,  KITCHELL,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  was  born  March  20,  1810,  in 
Battle  Hill,  N.  J.  He  attended  the  schools 
of  Elizabethtown,  N. 
J.;  received  the  de 
gree  of  A.  B.  from 
Amherst  college  in 
1826,  and  the  degree 
of  A.  M.  in  1831  from 
the  same  institution; 
and  the  degree  of 
LL.  B.  from  the 
Transylvania  college 
in  1833.  During  1828- 
31  he  was  a  profes 
sor  in  the  Washing 
ton  institute,  New 
York;  during  1833-52  was  a  lawyer  in 
Lexington,  Ky.;  and  since  that  time  has 
been  a  farmer  in  Missouri.  During  1861- 
63  he  was  a  member  of  the  Missouri  state 
constitutional  convention;  and  has  filled 
various  other  public  positions  of  honor 
in  Lewis  county  and  the  state  of  Missouri. 

SAYRE,  LEWIS  ALBERT,  educator, 
physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
29,  1820,  in  Bottlehill,  N.  J.  He  is  a  dis 
tinguished  surgeon  of  New  York  city,  and 
professor  of  orthopasdic  surgery  in  Belle- 
vue  Hospital  college.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  Practical  Manual  of  the  Treatment  of 
Club-Foot;  Lectures  on  Orthopaedic  Sur 
gery;  and  Spinal  Curvature  and  Its  Treat 
ment. 

SCALES,  ALFRED  MOORE,  JR.,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  govern 
or,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1827,  in  Reedsville, 
N.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the  legislature 
of  North  Carolina  in  1852  and  1856;  and 
in  1857  was  elected  a  representative  from 
his  native  state  to  the  thirty-fifth  con 
gress.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1861;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  and  forty- 


eighth  congresses.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
governor  of  North  Carolina  for  four  years. 
SCALES,  JOHN,  educator,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1835,  in  Notting 
ham,  N.  H.  He  was  fitted  for  college  at 
the  Colby  university,  and  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  college  in  1863.  He  then  en 
gaged  in  educational  work  as  principal  of 
the  Wolfeborough  and  Gilmanton  acad 
emies  till  1869;  and  during  1869-83  was 
principal  of  the  Franklin  academy  of 
Dover,  N.  H.  Since  1883  he  has  been  ed 
itor  of  the  Dover  Daily  Republican,  the 
leading  republican  journal  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  has  contributed  to  various  publica 
tions;  and  is  the  author  of  several  works. 
He  has  been  trustee  of  the  state  normal 
school;  and  is  a  member  of  the  school 
committee  of  Dover.  He  is  prominent  in 
political  affairs;  a  Knight  Templar  and 
thirty-second  degree  Mason;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  various  fraternal  orders. 

SCAMMON,  CHARLES  MELLVILLE, 
navigator,  author,  was  born  May  28,  1825, 
in  Pittston,  Maine.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  work  on  The  Marine  Mammals  of  the 
Northwestern  Coast  of  America  and  the 
American  Whale  Fishery. 

SCAMMON,  ELIAKIM  PARKER,  sol 
dier,  educator,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1816,  in 
Whitefield,  Maine.  He  was  professor  in 
Mount  St.  Mary's  college  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  in  1856-58,  and  president  of  the 
Polytechnic  college  in  that  city  from  1859- 
61.  He  became  colonel  of  the  twenty-third 
Ohio  regiment  in  1861,  served  in  western 
Virginia  and  Maryland,  and  was  promoted 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 

SCAMMON,  JAMES,  educator,  lawyer, 
litterateur,  was  born  June  10,  1844,  in 
Strathan,  N.  H.,  on  the  old  homestead  oc- 

. cupied  by  the  family 

continuously  for  two 
hundred  and  fifty 
years.  He  received 
a  thorough  educa 
tion,  graduated  from 
the  Brown  univer 
sity  in  1868,  and 
from  the  Albany 
Law  school  two 
years  later.  He  has 
been  superintendent 
of  public  schools  in 
his  native  city;  and 
principal  in  the  River  Point  Classical 
seminary,  Rhode  Island.  For  the  past 
twenty-five  years  he  has  been  a  prom 
inent  lawyer  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  has 
been  general  counsel  of  the  Kansas  City 
and  Eastern  Railway  company;  president 
of  the  Franklin  Savings  bank;  and  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the 
Jackson  County  Reform  school.  He  is 
also  president  of  the  Speery  Associate 
Electric  company;  president  and  chair 
man  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the 
Kansas  City  Humane  society;  president 
for  twenty  years  of  the  All  Souls  Unitar 
ian  Church  society;  and  for  several  year's 
president  of  the  Missouri  valley  confer 
ence  of  imitarian  churches.  He  is  a 
director  in  a  dozen  business  enterprises; 
is  best  known  as  a  lawyer  and  scholar, 
and  has  a  library  of  several  thousand  vol 
umes. 

SCAMMON,  JOHN  F.,  merchant,  bank 
er,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  24,  1786,  in  Saco,  Maine.  He  served 
in  the  Massachusetts  legislature  as  a  rep 
resentative  during  1817,  and  in  the  Maine 
legislature  in  1820  and  1821.  He  was  col 
lector  of  customs  at  Saco  from  1829  to 
1841.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Maine  from  1845  to  1847;  and  was  a 
state  senator  in  1855.  He  died  May  23, 
1858. 


SCAMMON,  JONATHAN  YOUNG,  law 
yer,  journalist,  statesman,  was  born  July 
27,  1812,  in  Whitefield,  Maine.  He  was 
one  of  the  main  organizers  and  directors 
of  the  first  railroad  west  of  Lake  Michi 
gan,  now  the  Northwestern.  He  laid  the 
foundation  of  the  first  successful  public 
school  system  in  Chicago.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Chicago  Astronom 
ical  society,  and  its  first  president.  In 
1872  he  established  the  Chicago  Inter 
Ocean  as  a  republican  paper.  He  founded 
the  Hahnemann  hospital  and  other  in 
stitutions.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Illi 
nois  state  legislature.  He  died  March  17, 
1890,  in  Chicago,  111. 

SCANLAN,  LAWRENCE,  clergyman, 
bishop,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1843,  in  Ireland. 
In  1868  he  was  ordained  a  priest  in  Dub 
lin,  and  in  1873  was  consecrated  bishop  of 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

SCANLAND,  MRS.  AGNES  LEONARD, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1842,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky.  She  is  a  writer  of  Leadville, 
Colo.;  and  the  author  of  several  works. 

SCANNELL,  RICHARD,  bishop,  was 
born  May  12,  1844,  in  Ireland.  He  is 
an  eminent  Roman  catholic  bishop  of 
Concordia,  Kan. 

SCARBOROUGH,  JOHN,  bishop  of  New 
Jersey,  was  born  April  25,  1831,  in  Ireland. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  Troy  and  New 
York  city;  and  became  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop  of  New  Jersey. 

SCARBOROUGH,  JOHN  CATRE,  sol 
dier,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Sept.  22,  1841,  in  Wake  county,  N.  C. 
During  1877-85  he  was  state  superintend 
ent  of  public  instruction  for  North  Caro 
lina,  and  again  filled  that  office  during 
1893-97.  He  is  now  president  of  the 
Chowan  Baptist  Female  institute  of  Mur- 
freesborough,  N.  C. 

SCARBOROUGH,  WILLIAM  SAUND- 
ERS,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  16, 
1852,  in  Macon,  Ga.  He  is  an  educator  of 
African  descent,  professor  of  ancient  lan 
guages  in  Wilberforce  university,  Ohio, 
from  1877;  and  the  author  of  First  Les 
sons  in  Greek;  and  Theory  and  Func 
tions  of  the  Thematic  Vowel  in  the 
Greek  Verb. 

SCARBROUGH,  WILLIAM,  planter,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1776,  in  Lower 
Three  Runs,  S.  C.  He  built  the  first  ocean 
steam  boat.  The  Savannah,  that  crossed 
the  Atlantic  in  1819.  He  died  June  11, 
1838,  in  New  York. 

SCATES,   THOMAS  A.,   educator,   law 
yer,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1859,  in  Union  City, 
Tenn.     He    received    a    thorough    educa 
tion      in      the     high 
_  schools     of     Kansas, 

^JpW*"v  and      at     Eastman's 

\  Business    college    of 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
He  taught  school  for 
several  years,  and 
for  two  years  was 
principal  of  the 
Kinsley  High  school, 
Kansas.  He  is  a 
prominent  lawyer 
of  Liberal,  Kansas; 
was  county  commis 
sioner  of  Seward  county  for  six  years; 
and  county  attorney  for  three  years.  He 
takes  a  prominent  part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state;  and 
is  a  member  of  several  fraternal  orders. 

SCHAEFFER,  CHARLES  ASHMEAD, 
chemist,  college  president,  was  born  Aug. 
14,  1843,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.  For  many 
years  he  was  professor  of  chemistry  in 
Cornell  university,  and  is  now  president 
of  the  state  university  of  Iowa. 


822 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SCHAEFFER,  CHARLES  FREDE 
RICK,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1807,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 
He  was  professor  of  systematic  theology 
in  the  Lutheran  Theological  seminary  at 
Philadelphia  in  1864-76.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  A  System  of  Lutheran  Theology, 
one  of  several  important  works,  which 
he  translated  from  the  German.  He  died 
Nov.  23,  1879,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SCHAEFFER,  CHARLES  WILLIAM, 
educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
May  5,  1813,  in  Hagerstown,  Md.  He  was 
professor  of  church  history  in  the  Phila 
delphia  Lutheran  seminary  from  1864; 
and  the  author  of  History  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  in  the  United  States;  and  Family 
Prayers. 

SCHAEFFER,  DAVID  FREDERICK, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  July  22,  1787, 
in  Carlisle,  Pa.  From  1808  until  his  death 
he  was  pastor  of  the  Lutheran  church  in 
Frederick,  Md.  He  was  the  author  of 
Historical  Address  on  the  Reformation. 
He  died  in  May,  1837,  in  Frederick,  Md. 

SCHAEFFER,  FREDERICK  CHRIS 
TIAN,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  12,  1792,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 
He  filled  pastorates  in  Harrisburg  and 
New  York  city;  and  published  Parables 
and  Parabolic  Sayings.  He  died  in  March, 
1831,  in  New  York  city. 

SCHAFF,  DAVID  T.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1852,  in  Mercers- 
burg,  Pa.  He  is  now  a  pastor  of  the  pres- 
byterian  church  in  Jacksonville,  111.  He 
was  the  co-editor  of  the  Schaff-Herzog  Re 
ligious  Encyclopedia,  a  work  of  four  vol 
umes. 

SCHALLER,  ALBERT,  lawyer,  legislat 
or,  was  born  May  20,  1856,  in  Chicago,  111. 
He  received  a  thorough  education  in  St. 
Vincent's  college  of  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.; 
in  France;  and  at  the  St.  Louis  Law 
school.  During  1880-91  he  was  county 
attorney  of  Duluth  county,  Minn.;  dur 
ing  1891-96  was  city  attorney  of  Hastings, 
Minn.;  and  also  in  1895-96  was  city  at 
torney  of  South  St.  Paul.  During  1895- 
98  he  served  with  distinction  as  a  state 
senator  in  the  Minnesota  legislature,  arid 
took  an  active  part  in  the  deliberations  of 
that  body.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  the  northwest,  and  has  a  large 
practice  in  Hastings,  Minn. 

SCHANCK,   JOHN  STILWELL,   physi 
cian,  educator,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1817.    He 
received  his  education  in  the  schools  of 
Middletown          and 
Freehold,  N.  J.;  then 
at      the      celebrated 
academy    at    Lenox, 
Mass.;     and   in    1840 
graduated      at      the 
Princeton   college  of 
New  Jersey.     In  1843 
he  received  his  medi 
cal    degree  from  the 
university    of    Penn 
sylvania,    and    prac 
ticed   medicine   from 
that  time  in  Prince 
ton,  N.  J.     For  nearly  fifty  years  he  has 
delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  anatomy, 
physiology  and  zoology  in  the  Princeton 
college;    and  from   1856-93   he  also  filled 
the  chair  of  chemistry  in  the  same  insti 
tution.    He  has  served  that  noted  college 
under  four  presidents  with  great  distinc 
tion. 

SCHARF,  JOHN  THOMAS,  author,  was 
born  May  1,  1843,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He 
is  an  historical  writer  of  Baltimore;  and 
the  author  of  Chronicles  of  Baltimore; 
History  of  Maryland;  History  of  Balti 
more;  History  of  Western  Maryland;  His 
tory  of  the  City  of  St.  Louis;  History  of 
Philadelphia;  History  of  the  Confederate 
Navy;  and  History  of  Delaware. 


SCHAUFFLER,  WILLIAM  GOTTLIEB, 
missionary,  author,  was  born  Aug.  22, 
1798,  in  Germany.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  missionary  in  Turkey  well  known 
as  a  linguist.  He  translated  the  Bible 
into  Hebrew-Spanish  and  Turkish,  and 
also  wrote  Essay  on  the  Right  Use  of 
Property;  and  Meditations  on  the  Last 
Day  of  Christ.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1883,  in 
New  York  city. 

SCHAYER,  MRS.  JULIA  [THOMP 
SON]  [VON  STORCH],  author,  was  born 
in  1840  in  Maine.  She  is  a  Washington 
writer;  and  the  author  of  The  Tiger  Lily 
and  Other  Stories. 

SCHELL,  RICHARD,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-third  congress,  to  fill 
a  vacancy. 

SCHEM,  ALEXANDER  JACOB,  statis 
tician,  author,  was  born  March  16,  1826, 
in  Prussia.  He  was  a  statistician  of  note 
who  was  assistant  superintendent  of 
schools  in  New  York  city  in  1874-81.  He 
was  the  author  of  Latin  English  Diction 
ary;  Statistics  of  the  World;  and  Cyclo 
paedia  of  Education.  He  died  May  21, 
1881,  in  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

SCHENCK,  ABRAHAM  H.,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1777. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assem 
bly  in  1804-06;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1815  to 
1817.  He  died  in  1831. 

SCHENCK,  FERDINAND  S.,  physician, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  11, 
1790,  in  Middlesex  county,  N.  J.  In  1829 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1830  and  1831.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1833  to  1837.  He  was  soon 
afterward  elected  a  justice  of  the  court  of 
errors  and  appeals,  which  he  held  for 
eight  years.  He  died  May  17,  1860,  in 
Camden,  N.  J. 

SCHENCK,  NOAH  HUNT,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  June  30,  1805, 
in  Pennington,  N.  J.  He  founded  and  ed 
ited  The  Western  Churchman  during  his 
pastorate  in  Chicago,  and  in  1867  became 
co-editor  of  The  Protestant  Churchman 
in  New  York.  He  was  the  author  of  nu 
merous  published  sermons  and  addresses, 
of  which  a  collection  has  appeared  in 
book  form.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1885,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

SCHENCK,    ROBERT    GUMMING,    sol 
dier,    lawyer,    state    legislator,    congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1809,  in  Franklin, 
Ohio.    In  1840  he  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  Ohio  leg 
islature;       was     re- 
elected  in  1842;    and 
was  a  representative 
^— v  in  congress  from  his 

*4  native      state     from 

^L^A  1843  to  1851.    In  1861 

^^^^^^^     he   served    as   briga- 
^^^AH  ^^    dier  and  major-gen- 

I   eral     in     the     union 
|    army;     and    in    1862 
was    elected    to    the 

thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first  con 
gresses.  In  1870  he  was  appointed  min 
ister  to  England;  and  on  his  return  to 
the  United  States,  settled  in  Washington 
city  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
died  March  23,  1890,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SCHENCK,  WILLIAM  EDWARD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  29,  1819, 
in  Princeton,  N.  J.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
minister  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author 
of  Children  in  Heaven;  Nearing  Home; 
and  The  Fountain  for  Sin;  Church  Ex 
tension  in  Cities. 


SCHERER,  JOHN  JACOB,  clergyman, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  Feb. 
7,  1830,  in  Wythe  county,  Va.  He  was 
president  of  Colorado  college,  Texas,  for 
twenty  years;  president  of  Marion  Fe 
male  college,  Virginia;  and  president  of 
the  general  synod  south  of  the  Lutheran 
church. 

SCHERESCHEWSKY,  SAMUEL  ISAAC 
JOSEPH,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
May  6,  1831,  in  Russia.  He  is  third  pro- 
testant  episcopal  bishop  of  the  China  mis 
sion.  He  was  consecrated  in  1877,  but  re 
signed  his  office  in  1883  and  lived  for  some 
years  in  Cambridge,  but  since  1895  has 
lived  at  Shanghai.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
translation  of  the  Bible  into  Chinese. 

SCHERMERHORN,  ABRAHAM  M.,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1849  to 
1853.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1855,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y. 

SCHERMERHORN,  SIMON  J.,  farmer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  26,  1827,  in  Rotterland,  N.  Y.  In 
1862  he  was  elected  without  opposition  to 
the  New  York  state  legislature.  He  is 
interested  in  banking,  being  a  director 
and  trustee  of  local  banks.  He  was  on 
the  Cleveland  electoral  ticket  in  1888,  rep 
resenting  the  old  twentieth  district  of  the 
state  of  New  York;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

SCHIEFFLIN,  SAMUEL  BRADHURST, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1811,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  business  man  of  New 
York  city  who  wrote  on  religious  topics. 
He  is  the  author  of  Message  to  the  Ruling 
Elders;  Foundations  of  History;  Words 
to  Christian  Teachers;  and  The  Church 
in  Ephesus  and  the  Presbyterian  and  Re 
formed  Churches. 

SCHIEREN,  CHARLES  A.,  manufact 
urer,  inventor,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1842,  in 
Germany.  In  1882  he  established  the 
present  firm  of  Chas.  A.  Schieren  and  Co. 
of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  manufacturers  of 
leather  belting.  He  was  the  inventor  of 
the  electric  belt,  consisting  of  a  coating  of 
composition  spread  over  the  belt  to  pre 
serve  the  leather. 

SCHINDLER,  SOLOMON,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1842  in  Silesia.  He  is 
a  Hebrew  clergyman  now  living  in  Cam 
bridge  but  formerly  in  charge  of  Temple 
Adath  Israel,  Boston.  He  is  the  author  of 
Young  West,  a  sequel  to  Looking  Back 
ward;  Messianic  Exhortations  and  Mod 
ern  Judaism;  and  Dissolving  Views  on 
the  History  of  Judaism. 

SCHLEICHER,  GUSTAVE,  civil  en 
gineer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  19,  1823,  in  Germany.  He  moved 
to  Texas  in  1847;  served  in  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1853  and  1854;  and  from  1859 
to  1861  served  in  the  state  senate.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Texas  to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty- 
sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  died 
Jan.  10,  1879,  in  Washington  City,  Pa. 

SCHLEY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  governor, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1786,  in  Fred 
erick,  Md.  In  1825  he  was  elected  a  judge 
of  the  superior  court  of  the  middle  dis 
trict  of  Georgia,  and  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  in  1830.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Georgia  from 
1833  to  1835;  and  during  the  two  succeed 
ing  years  was  governor  of  Georgia.  He 
published  a  Digest  of  the  English  Stat 
utes.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
president  of  the  Medical  college  of  Geor 
gia.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1858,  in  Augusta, 
Ga. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


823 


spector; 

Greely  expedition; 


SCHLEY,  WINFIELD  SCOTT,  naval 
officer,  explorer,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
9,  1839,  near  Frederick,  Md.  He  attended 
the  naval  academy 
during  1856-60;  and 
was  promoted  to 
master  in  1861.  He 
was  in  all  the  en 
gagements  which  led 
to  the  capture  of 
Port  Hudson  in  1863. 
In  1866  he  was  com 
missioned  a  lieuten 
ant-commander;  and 
commander  in  1874. 
During  1880-83  he 
was  light-house  in- 
in  1884  was  in  charge  of  the 
and  in  1885-89  was 
chief  of  the  bureau  of  equipment  and  re 
cruiting.  He  was  promoted  to  captain 
in  1888;  and  in  1898  gained  distinction 
during  the  Spanish-American  war  in  the 
destruction  and  capture  of  the  Spanish 
fleet.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Rescue  of 
Greely. 

SCHMAUK,  THEODORE  EMANUEL, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  May  30,  1860, 
in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  Pennsylvania  German  society,  and 
chancellor  of  the  Pennsylvania  Chautau- 
qua.  He  is  editor-in-chief  of  The  Luth 
eran  and  several  church  publications; 
and  the  author  of  The  Negative  Criticism; 
The  Art  of  Conversation;  The  Voice  of 
Speech  and  Song;  and  various  other 
works. 

SCHMIDT,  FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS, 
educator,  clergyman,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1837,  in  Germany.  He 
has  for  years  been  a  leader  among  the 
Norwegian  lutherans.  In  1873  he  was  sent 
as  delegate  from  the  Norwegian  synod  to 
the  general  assembly  of  the  Norwegian 
Mission  society  at  Christiania,  Norway. 
He  was  editor  of  the  Lutheran  Watchman 
in  Decorah,  Iowa,  in  1864-65. 

SCHMIDT,  HENRY  IMMANUEL,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
21,  1806,  in  Nazareth,  Pa.  He  was  a  luth 
eran  clergyman  and  educator  of  New  York 
city,  professor  of  German  in  Columbia 
college  in  1848-80,  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  Education;  The  Lutheran  Doctrine 
of  the  Lord's  Supper;  and  Course  of 
American  Geography.  He  died  Feb.  11, 
1889,  in  New  York  city. 

SCHMITZ,  JOHN  PETER,  merchant, 
physician,  surgeon,  lecturer,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  24,  1834,  in  Germany.  In  1855  he 
emigrated  to  America 
and  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits.  In 
1875  he  entered  the 
Cooper  Medical  col 
lege  of  San  Francis 
co;  and  subsequently 
attended  the  Califor- 
n*a  Medical  college, 
graduating  there- 
from  in  1881,  and  has 
since  attained  prom 
inence  as  a  success 
ful  physician  of  San 
Francisco,  and  a  noted  lecturer  and  teach 
er  of  physiology  to  medical  students,  hav 
ing  held  the  chair  of  physiology  in  the 
California  Medical  college  since  1886.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  work  on  Human  Physi 
ology,  Analysis  and  Digest,  for  the  use  of 
Medical  Students  and  Practitioners;  and 
valuable  papers  and  pamphlets  on  the 
cause  of  diphtheria  and  croup  have  ap 
peared  from  his  pen. 

SCHMUCKER,  JOHN  GEORGE,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1771, 
in  Germany.  He  was  a  frequent  contrib 
utor  to  periodicals,  and  a  poet  of  merit. 


Among  his  works  are,  Prophetic  History 
of  the  Christian  Religion,  or  Explanation 
of  the  Revelation  of  St.  John.  He  died 
Oct.  7,  1854,  in  Williamsburg,  Pa. 

SCHMUCKER,  SAMUEL  MOSHEIM, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1823,  in  New 
Market,  Va.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  au 
thor  who  was  in  the  early  part  of  his 
career  a  lutheran  minister.  He  was  the 
author  of  Errors  of  Modern  Infidelity; 
The  Spanish  Wife,  a  play;  History  of  the 
Four  Georges;  History  of  All  Religions; 
Court  and  Reign  of  Catharine  II.;  Lives  of 
Washington,  Hamilton,  Jefferson,  Web 
ster,  Clay,  Dr.  Kane,  Fremont;  Memora 
ble  Scenes  in  French  History;  History  of 
the  Modern  Jews;  History  of  Napoleon 
Third;  Arctic  Explorations;  and  History 
of  the  Civil  War  in  the  United  States.  He 
died  May  12,  1863,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SCHMUCKER,  SAMUEL  SIMON,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
28,  1799,  in  Hagerstown,  Md.  He  was  a 
lutheran  clergyman  and  educator,  and  pro 
fessor  in  the  Theological  seminary  at  Get 
tysburg  in  1826-64.  He  was  the  author 
of  Elements  of  Popular  Theology;  Psy 
chology;  Lutheran  Manual;  Lutheran 
Symbols,  or  American  Lutheranism  Vin 
dicated;  Church  of  the  Redeemer;  and 
The  Unity  of  Christ's  Church.  He  died 
July  26,  1873,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

SCHNECK,  BENJAMIN  SHRODER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  14, 
1806,  in  Upper  Bern,  Pa.  He  was  a  luth 
eran  clergyman,  pastor  at  Chambersburg 
Irom  1855,  and  the  author  of  Die  deutsche 
Kanzel;  The  Burning  of  Chambersburg; 
and  Mercersburg  Theology.  He  died  April 
19,  1874,  in  Chambersburg,  Pa. 

SCHODDE,  GEORGE  HENRY,  educat 
or,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  15, 
1854,  in  Allegheny  City,  Pa.  He  was  pro 
fessor  at  Capitol  university  from  1880; 
and  the  author  of  The  Book  of  Enoch 
translated  from  the  Ethiopic,  with  Notes; 
and  A  Day  in  Capernaum,  from  the  Ger 
man  of  Delitzsch. 

SCHOEPFLE,  HENRY,  educator,  law 
yer,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1867,  in  Sandusky, 
Ohio.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Northwestern  Normal  university  of  Adair, 
Ohio,  and  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati 
Law  school.  For  many  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work;  is  now  a 
prominent  lawyer  of  Sandusky,  Ohio;  is 
serving  as  city  solicitor,  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs. 

SCHOFIELD,  JOHN  McALLISTER,  sol 
dier.,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1831,  in  Chautau- 
qua  county,  N.  Y.     In  1853  he  graduated 
from       the       United 
States  Military  acad- 
i   emy;     was    assigned 
to  the  first  regiment 
'?m  of  artillery,  and  dur- 

|grJI  *  '•  ing  1855-60  was  pro- 
j^  |  fessor  of  natural 
philosophy.  In  1861 
WiiJfS!*  '  he  was  commissioned 
captain.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served 
as  major  of  the  first 
Missouri  volunteers; 
was  appointed  chief 
of  staff,  and  the  same  year  became  briga 
dier-general  of  the  Missouri  militia.  In 
1862  he  was  appointed  major-general  of 
volunteers,  and  in  1864,  for  his  services 
at  the  battle  of  Franklin,  he  was  made 
brigadier-general  and  brevet  major-gen 
eral  in  the  regular  army.  General  Scho- 
fleld  succeeded  Edwin  M.  Stanton  as  sec 
retary  of  war;  and  in  1869  he  was  ap 
pointed  major-general.  During  1876-81  he 
was  superintendent  of  the  United  States 
Military  academy;  and  in  1895  was  retired 
from  active  service. 


SCHOOLCRAFT,  HENRY  ROWE,  eth 
nologist,  author,  poet,  was  born  March  29, 
1793,  in  Albany  county,  N.  Y.  He  was 
an  eminent  ethnolo 
gist  and  geologist, 
thirty  years  of  whose 
life  were  spent 
among "  the  Indians, 
chiefly  at  Mackinaw. 
He  discovered  the 
source  of  the  Missis 
sippi.  Among  his 
many  works  are  in 
cluded,  View  of  the 
Lead  Mines  of  Mis 
souri;  Algic  Discov 
eries;  Historical  In 
formation  Concerning  the  Indian  Tribes; 
Narrative  of  an  Expedition  to  Itasca 
Lake;  Oneota,  reissued  as  The  Indian 
and  His  Wigwam;  The  Myth  of  Hiawa 
tha;  Personal  Memoirs  of  Thirty  Years' 
Residence  with  Indian  Tribes;  Scenes  and 
Adventures  in  the  Ozark  Mountains; 
Life  of  General  Cass,  and  several  volumes 
of  verse.  He  died  Dec.  10,  1864,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

SCHOOLCRAFT,  JOHN  L.,  merchant, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  many  years  presi 
dent  of  the  Commercial  bank  of  Albany, 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1849  to  1853.  He  died  in 
May,  1860,  in  Canada. 

SCHOOLCRAFT,  MRS.  MARY  (HOW 
ARD),  author,  was  born  in  Beaufort,  S. 
C.  She  is  the  author  of  The  Black  Gaunt 
let,  a  Tale  of  Plantation  Life. 

SCHOONMAKER,  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer, 
was  born  March  2,  1828,  in  Rochester,  N. 
Y.  In  1876-77  he  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  state  senate,  and  in  1878-79  he 
was  attorney-general  of  New  York. 

SCHOONMAKER,  CORNELIUS  C.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  June,  1745,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from  1791 
to  1793,  and  was,  for  fourteen  years,  be 
fore  and  after  the  above  term,  a  member 
of  the  New  York  assembly,  from  the  coun 
ty  of  Ulster.  He  died  in  1796,  in  Shaw- 
angunk,  N.  Y. 

SCHOONMAKER,  MARIUS,  lawyer, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  April  24, 
1811,  in  Kingston,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
to  congress  as  a  whig  and  served  from 
1851  till  1853.  In  1854  he  was  auditor  of 
the  canal  department,  and  in  1855-56  he 
served  as  superintendent  of  the  bank  de 
partment  of  the  state  of  New  York.  He 
has  published  speeches  in  congress  on 
Public  Lands;  The  Slave  Question;  and 
is  the  author  of  a  History  of  Kingston 
from  its  First  Settlement  to  1820. 

SCHOONMAKER,  MARTINUS,  clergy 
man,  was  born  in  1737  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
In  1784  he  fixed  his  residence  at  Flatbush, 
and  assumed  charge  of  the  six  congrega 
tions  in  Kings  county.  He  died  in  1824 
in  Flatbush,  N.  Y. 

SCHOTT,  CHARLES  ANTONY,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1826, 
in  Germany.  He  entered  the  service  of 
the  United  States  coast  survey,  and  is  the 
author  of  numerous  works  on  meteor 
ology. 

SCHOULER,  JAMES,  educator,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  March  20,  1839,  in  West 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  his 
torian  of  Boston,  professor  in  the  law 
school  of  Boston  university;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Law  of  Bailments;  The  Law 
of  Personal  Property;  The  Law  of  Hus 
band  and  Wife;  Law  of  Executors  and 
Administrators;  Law  of  Wills;  A  History 
of  the  United  States  under  the  Constitu 
tion;  Life  of  Thomas  Jefferson;  and  His 
torical  Briefs. 


824 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SCHOULER,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1814,  in  Scotland. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  lioston  who  pub 
lished  A  History  of  Massachusetts  during 
the  Civil  War.  He  died  Oct.  24,  1872,  in 
West  Roxbury,  Mass. 

SCHR1VER,  EDMUND,  soldier,  was 
born  Sept.  16,  1812,  in  York,  Pa.  He 
served  in  the  Florida,  Mexican  and  civil 
wars;  and  was  brevetted  major-general  of 
the  United  States  army  in  1865. 

SCHROEBACH,  JAMES,  clergyman, 
bishop,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1847,  in 
Germany.  He  came  to  America  in  1864. 
In  1892  he  was  consecrated  bishop  of  the 
diocese  of  La  Crosse,  having  for  ten 
years  previous  been  its  vicar-general. 

SCHROEDER.  CHARLES  H.,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  March  16,  1858,  in  Boeuf 
Creek,  Mo.  After  studying  the  normal 
course  at  the  university  of  Missouri  for 
three  years,  he  first  taught  school  at  New 
Haven  in  1884  as  principal;  then  at  Au 
gusta,  Mo.,  for  four  years,  and  has  since 
been  principal  of  various  schools.  He  IB 
the  author  of  a  pastoral  story  entitled 
Enos  and  Aurelia;  and  his  poems  have 
been  given  a  place  in  Poets  of  America 
and  other  standard  works. 

SCHROEDER,  FREDERICK  A.,  state 
senator,  was  born  March  9,  1833,  in  Ger 
many.  In  1871  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Brooklyn;  and  in  1879  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  from  New  York. 

SCHROEDER,  JOHN  FREDERICK,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April 
8,  1800,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  and  educator  of 
Flushing,  L.  I.,  and  the  author  of  Life 
of  Washington;  Maxims  of  Washington; 
Class  Book  of  Astronomy;  and  Sunday 
Addresses.  He  died  Feb.  26,  1857,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

SCHUETTE,  CONRAD  HERMAN 
LOUIS,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  June  17,  1843,  in  Germany.  He  was 
pastor  at  Delaware,  Ohio,  in  1865-72,  has 
been  professor  of  mathematics  and  natu 
ral  science  in  Capitol  university  since 
1872,  and  since  1881  also  professor  of  eth 
ics,  symbolics,  and  homiletics  in  the  the 
ological  department.  He  has  been  editor- 
in-chief  of  the  Columbus  Theological  Mag 
azine  since  1886,  and  has  published  The 
Church  Member's  Manual;  and  The 
State,  the  Church,  and  the  School. 

SCHULTE,  MRS.  MARY  JEMIMA 
(McCOLL),  poet,  was  born  in  1847  in  Eng 
land.  She  is  a  verse-writer  of  Jersey 
City,  and  the  author  of  Bide  a  Wee,  and 
Other  Poems. 

SCHULTZ,  EMANUEL,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  25,  1819,  in 
Berks  county,  Pa.  In  1875  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Ohio  house  of  repre 
sentatives;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
seventh  congress. 

SCHULTZ,  IRWIN  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1855,  in  Phillips- 
burg,  N.  J.  He  has  served  his  native  city 
as  mayor,  and  is  the  presiding  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  of  his  county. 

SCHULTZE,  AUGUSTUS,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1840,  in  Germany. 
For  fifteen  years  this  eminent  theologian 
and  philologist  was  professor  of  exegesis 
and  dogmatics  at  the  Moravian  college 
and  Theological  seminary  of  Bethlehem, 
Pa.,  and  since  1885  has  been  its  presi 
dent.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Mission 
Fields  of  the  Moravian  Church;  Grammar 
and  Vocabulary  of  the  Alaskan  Eskimo 
Language;  The  Theology  of  Peter  and 
Paul,  and  other  works. 

SCHULTZE,  JOHN  S.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1837,  in  Centre 
county,  Pa.  Since  1818  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Newburg,  Dutchess  and  Con 
necticut  railroad. 


SCHULZE,  JOHN  ANDREW,  governor, 
was  born  July  19,  1775,  in  Tulpehocken, 
Pa.  In  1823  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Pennsylvania,  serving  until  1829.  He  died 
Nov.  18.  1852,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

SCHUMACHER,  JAMES  MADISON, 
banker,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  18, 
1843,  in  Mohawk,  N.  Y.  For  one  term  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Florida  state  sen 
ate.  In  1890-93  he  was  president  of  the 
State  Bankers'  association;  was  president 
of  the  Jacksonville  and  Atlantic  railroad; 
and  was  vice-president  of  the  Maine 
Street  Electric  railroad. 

SCHUMAKER,  JOHN  G.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  27,  1826,  in 
Claverack,  N.  Y.  In  1856  he  was  elected 
district  attorney  for  Kings  county;  and 
in  1862  and  1864  was  elected  corpora 
tion  counsel  for  the  city  of  Brooklyn.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  forty-first  congress;  and 
was  also  elected  to  the  forty-third  and 
forty-fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

SCHUNEMAN,  MARTIN  G.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1805  to  1807. 
SCHUREMAN,  JAMES,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Feb.  12,  1756,  in  New  Brunswick,  N. 
J  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental 
congress  in  1786  and  1787;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1789  to  1791,  and  from  1797  to  1799; 
and  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  1799 
to  1801.  He  was  again  a  representative 
from  1813  to  1815;  and  was  at  one  time 
mayor  of  New  Brunswick.  He  died  Jan. 
23,  1824.  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

SCHURMAN,  JACOB  GOULD,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
May  22,  1854,  in  Prince  Edward  Island. 
For  many  years  he  was  a  successful  Ca 
nadian  educator;  and  since  1892  has  been 
president  of  Cornell  unuersity  of  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.  He  is  the  president  of  the  Associa 
tion  of  Colleges  and  Preparatory  Schools 
of  the  United  States  and  Maryland.  He 
is  the  author  of  Kantian  Ethics  and  the 
Ethics  of  Evolution;  The  Ethical  Import 
of  Darwinism;  Belief  in  God;  and  Ag 
nosticism  and  Religion. 

SCHURZ,     CARL,     soldier,     journalist, 
United  States  senator,   author,   was   born 
March    2,   1829,   near   Cologne,   Germany. 
He  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1852. 
In    1861    he   was   se 
eded    by    President 
Lincoln    as    minister 
o    Spain;     and    was 
hen     appointed    a 
jrigadier-general     of 
volunteers.      In  1865 
and    1866    he    was    a 
Washington     corres 
pondent  for  the  New 

York    Tribune,     and 

was        subsequently 

connected  with  the  press  of  Detroit  and 
St.  Louis.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Missouri  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1869  and  ending  in  1875.  In 
1876  he  became  secretary  of  the  interior 
in  the  cabinet  of  President  Hayes.  He 
afterwards  became  editor  of  the  New  York 
Evening  Post,  in  which  position  he  con 
tinued  until  1884.  He  is  the  author  of 
Speeches;  Life  of  Henry  Clay;  and  Abra 
ham  Lincoln,  an  essay. 

SCHUSSELE,  CHRISTIAN,  artist,  was 
born  April  16,  1824,  in  Alsace.  He  worked 
at  chromo-lithography,  which  he  had  also 
followed  in  France,  but  later  he  devoted 
himself  almost  entirely  to  painting.  His 
best-known  works  are  Clear  the  Track; 
Franklin  before  the  Lords  in  Council; 
Men  of  Progress,  in  Cooper  institute,  New 
York;  Zeisberger  Preaching  to  the  In 


dians;  The  Iron-Worker  and  King  Solo 
mon;  Washington  at  Valley  Forge  (1862); 
and  Home  on  Furlough,  and  McClellan  at 
Antietam.  He  died  Aug.  20,  1879,  in  Mer- 
chantville,  N.  J. 

SCHUWERK,  WILLIAM  MARTIN, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  April  12,  1856, 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  For  many  years  this 
able  lawyer  was  the  prosecuting  attorney 
for  Evansville,  111.  He  ser\ed  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  thirty-sixth  general  assembly 
of  the  Illinois  legislature. 

SCHUYLER,  AARON,  educator,  mathe 
matician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1828, 
in  New  York.  He  is  a  mathematician  who 
was  professor  in  Baldwin  university  and 
president  of  that  institution  in  1875-81, 
and  since  1885  a  professor  in  Kansas  Wes- 
leyan  university.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Human  Soul;  Higher  Arithmetic;  Prin 
ciples  of  Logic;  Surveying  and  Naviga 
tion:  Elements  of  Geometry;  and  Empi 
rical  and  Rational  Psychology. 

SCHUYLER,  ANTHONY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  July  8,  1816,  in  Geneva, 
N.  Y.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman,  rec 
tor  of  Grace  church  at  Orange,  N.  J.,  from 
1868,  and  author  of  Household  Religion. 

SCHUYLER,  GEORGE  LEE,  author, 
was  born  June  9,  1811,  in  Rhinebeck.N.  Y.; 
has  been  active  in  yachting  matters,  and 
in  1882  the  America's  cup  was  returned 
to  him,  as  its  sole  surviving  donor,  by 
the  New  York  Yacht  club.  He  has  pub 
lished  Correspondence  and  Remarks  upon 
Bancroft's  History  of  the  Northern  Cam 
paigns  in  1877;  and  the  Character  of 
Major-General  Philip  Schuyler. 

SCHUYLER,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
state  official,  author,  was  born  Feb.  2,1810, 
in  Stillwater,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  prominent 
state  official  of  New  York  for  many  years; 
and  the  author  of  Colonial  New  York; 
and  Philip  Schuyler  and  His  Family.  He 
died  Feb.  1,  1888,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

SCHUYLER,  MONTGOMERY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1814,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman  of  St.  Louis,  rector  of  Christ 
church  from  1854;  and  the  author  of  The 
Church:  its  Ministry  and  Worship;  and 
The  Pioneer  Church.  He  died  in  1896. 

SCHUYLER,  MONTGOMERY,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1843,  in 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New 
York  city  on  the  staff  of  The  Times;  and 
the  author  of  Studies  in  American  Archi 
tecture. 

SCHUYLER,  PETER,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1657,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  successful  merchant  of 
Albany,  and  its  first  mayor.  He  died  Feb. 
19,  1724,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

SCHUYLER,  PHILIP,  soldier,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov. 
22,  1733,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  ap 
pointed  major  -  gen 
eral  in  the  army  of 
the  revolution  i  n 
1775,  and  dispatched 
to  the  fortifications 
of  the  north  of  New 
York,  to  prepare  for 
the  invasion  of  Can 
ada.  He  was  a  del- 
e  g  a  t  e  to  congress 
previous  to  the  pres 
ent  constitution;  and 
was  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  by  ap 
pointment  from  1789  to  1791,  and  again 
in  1797.  He  died  Nov.  18,  1804.  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

SCHUYLER,  PHILIP  J.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1768.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from  1817 
to  1819.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1835,  in  New 
York  city. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


825 


SCHUYLER,  RICHARD,  soldier,  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  1733  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  captain  under  Sir  William  John 
son,  and  was  in  active  public  service  until 
the  revolution.  He  was  a  general  in  the 
patriot  army,  and  was  a  legislator  after 
the  war.  He  died  in  1804. 

SCHWARTS,  JOHN,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1793,  in  Berke 
county.  Pa.  He  served  as  lieutenant  in 
the  last  war  with  Great  Britain.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
died  in  July,  1860. 

SCHWARTZ,  JACOB,  librarian,  was 
born  March  13,  1846,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1863  he  entered  the  Apprentices'  li 
brary  of  New  York,  of  which  he  became 
chief  librarian  in  1871.  The  method  of 
management  that  is  followed  there  was 
devised  by  him.  He  has  contributed  to 
the  Library  Journal  and  other  periodicals. 

SCHWATKA,  FREDERICK,  naval  of 
ficer,  author.  He  was  a  naval  officer  and 
explorer;  and  the  author  of  In  the  Land 
of  Cave  and  Cliff  Dwellers;  Nimrod  in 
the  North;  Along  Alaska's  Great  River; 
and  The  Children  of  the  Cold.  He  died  in 
1892. 

SCHWEINITZ,  EDMUND  ALEXAN 
DER,  bishop,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  March  20,  1825,  in  Bethlehem, 
Pa.  He  was  a  Moravian  bishop  in  Penn 
sylvania,  president  of  the  Moravian  col 
lege  in  1867-84;  and  the  author  of  The 
Moravian  Manual;  The  Moravian  Episco 
pate;  Life  of  Zeisberger.  the  Western  Pio 
neer  and  Apostle  to  the  Indians;  Some  of 
the  Fathers  of  the  American  Moravian 
Church;  History  of  the  Church  known  as 
the  Unitas  Fratrum;  and  Systematic  Be 
nevolence.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1887,  in  Beth 
lehem,  Pa. 

SCHWEINITZ,  LEWIS  DAVID  DE, 
clergyman,  botanist,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  13,  1780,  in  Bethlehem,  Pa.  He  was 
a  Moravian  clergyman  of  Bethlehem,  Pa., 
famous  in  his  day  as  a  botanist;  and  the 
author  of  Conspectus  Fungorum  Lusatiae; 
Synopsis  Fungorum  Carolinse  Superioris; 
Synopsis  Fungorum  in  America;  and  Bo- 
reali  Media  Digentium.  He  died  Feb.  8, 
1834,  in  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

SCHWINDT,  G.  E.,  statesman.  He  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  education 
al  and  business  interests  of  Prentice,  Wis.; 
and  has  filled  numerous  public  offices  of 
trust  in  his  city,  county,  and  state. 

SCOFIELD,  CYRUS  INGERSON,  cler 
gyman,  state  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  19, 
1844,  in  Clinton,  Mich.  This  eminent  cler 
gyman  of  the  congregational  church  was 
a  pastor  for  twelve  years  in  Dallas,  Tex. 
In  1872  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Kansas  state  legislature. 

SCOFIELD,  EDWARD,  soldier,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  March  28, 
1842,  in  Oconto,  Pa.  During  the  civil  war 
he  served  with  distinction  in  the  eleventh 
Pennsylvania  reserved;  and  received  the 
brevet  of  major.  In  1886  he  was  elected 
state  senator  for  four  years;  and  in  1896 
was  elected  governor  of  Wisconsin. 

SCOFIELD,  GLENNI  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  11,  1817,  in  Chautauqua  county,  N. 
Y.  In  1850  and  1851  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  assembly,  and  from  1857 
to  1859  was  in  the  state  senate.  In  1861 
he  was  appointed  president  judge  of  the 
eighteenth  judicial  district  of  the  state.  In 
1862  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-eighth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
ninth,  fortieth,  forty-first,  forty-second, 
and  forty-third  congresses  as  a  republican. 


He  was  register  of  the  treasury  of  the 
United  States  from  1878  to  1881,  when  he 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  of  claims. 

SCOLLARD,  CLINTON,  educator,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1861,  in 
Clinton,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  educator  of  Clin 
ton,  N.  Y.,  professor  of  English  literature 
and  Anglo-Saxon  at  Hamilton  college  in 
1888-96,  and  a  well-known  poet  of  the  day. 
His  writings  in  verse  include  Pictures  in 
Song;  With  Reed  and  Lyre;  Old  and 
New  World  Lyrics;  Giovio  and  Giulia; 
Songs  of  Sunrise  Lands;  Hills  of  Song; 
Skenandoa;  and  A  Boy's  Book  of  Rhyme. 
In  prose  he  has  published  Under  Summer 
Skies;  and  On  Sunny  Shores. 

SCOTFORD,  HENRY  CLINTON,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1849,  in  Saline, 
Mich.  He  is  the  son  of  Rev.  John  Scot- 
ford,  a  congregational  minister  who  died 
in  1881,  and  was  the  author  of  several 
works.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Olivet  college,  from  which  institution  he 
received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M.; 
the  degree  of  B.  D.  was  conferred  by  the 
Yale  Theological  seminary;  and  the  de 
gree  of  D.  D.  by  the  Philander  Smith  col 
lege.  This  eminent  minister  of  the  con 
gregational  church  has  filled  pastorates  in 
Kansas,  Missouri,  Illinois,  Michigan,  and 
is  now  pastor  of  his  church  in  Nashua, 
Iowa.  While  filling  a  pastorate  in  Kan 
sas  City  he  was  the  editor  of  The  Church 
Builder  and  The  Christian  Era. 

SCOTT,  ABRAHAM  M.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Mississippi  from  1831  to 
1833. 

.  SCOTT,  ALLEN  DARLING,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1831,  in 
Springville,  N.  Y.  For  many  years  he  was 
a  lecturer  and  instructor  of  the  law  school 
of  the  Buffalo  university.  For  two  years 
he  was  surrogate  of  his  county,  and  for 
two  terms  county  judge.  He  served  as  a 
state  senator  of  the  New  York  legislature 
from  the  thirty-second  senatorial  district. 

SCOTT,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  Arkansas;  and 
in  1819  he  was  appointed  an  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  court  for  that 
territory. 

SCOTT,  AUSTIN,  educator,  college  pres 
ident,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1848,  in  Maunree, 
Ohio.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  professor 
of  history,  political  economy  and  constitu 
tional  law  of  the  Rutgers  college,  holding 
this  position  until  1890,  when  he  became 
president  of  the  same  college. 

SCOTT,  CHARLES,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  in  1733  in  Cumberland  county, 
Va.  He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the 
third  Virginia  battalion  in  1776,  and  was 
made  brigadier-general  in  1777.  He  was 
governor  of  Kentucky  from  1808  to  1812. 
He  died  Oct.  23,  1813. 

SCOTT,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  12,  1811,  in  Knoxville,  Tenn.  He 
was  a  lawyer  of  Jackson,  Miss.;  and  the 
author  of  Analogy  of  Ancient  Craft  Ma 
sonry  to  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion; 
and  The  Keystone  of  the  Masonic  Arch. 
He  died  May  30,  1861,  in  Jackson,  Miss. 

SCOTT,  CHARLES,  soldier,  lawyer, 
banker,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1847,  in  Jackson, 
Miss.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  joined  the 
confederate  army,  and  served  with  dis 
tinction.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers 
of  the  south  at  Rosedale,  Miss.;  the  pres 
ident  of  the  bank  of  Rosedale;  prominent 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state;  and  for  many  years  was  president 
of  the  Mississippi  levee  commissioners.  He 
is  possessed  of  a  constructive  talent  which 
places  him  in  the  front  rank  of  lawmak 
ers;  and  his  name  has  several  times  been 
mentioned  in  connection  with  the  sena- 
torship  of  his  state. 


SCOTT,  CHARLES  FREDERICK,  jour 
nalist,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1860, 
near  lola,  Kansas.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  native 
county,  and  at  the 
Kansas  State  univer 
sity.  Since  1892  he 
has  been  the  owner 
and  editor  of  The 
Register  of  lola,  Kan. 
In  1891  he  was  a 
member  of  the  board 
of  regents  of  the 
state  university;  was 
president  of  the  Kan 
sas  State  Editorial  association  in  1893; 
president  of  the  Kansas  State  Republican 
league  in  1895;  and  a  candidate  for  presi 
dential  elector  in  1896.  During  1892-96 
he  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  the 
Kansas  state  legislature;  and  on  several 
important  committees;  and  served  with 
distinction  in  that  body. 
-  SCOTT,  CHARLES  L.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  23, 
1827,  in  Richmond,  Va.  In  1856  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  California 
to  the  thirty-fifth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
left  his  seat  in  congress  in  March,  1861, 
and  went  to  Alabama,  where  he  enlisted 
in  the  confederate  army,  and  was  elected 
major  of  his  regiment.  In  1877  he  re 
moved  to  Monroe  county,  Ala.,  and  en 
gaged  in  planting.  In  1881  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Monroe- 
ville,  Ala.;  and  in  1885  was  appointed 
United  States  minister  to  Venezuela. 

SCOTT,  CHARLES  WINFIELD,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  in  October,  1849, 
in  Johnson,  Vt.  For  many  years  he  prac 
ticed  medicine  in  his 
n;uivo  town :  moved 
to  Hartford,  Conn., 
in  1876,  and  was  there 
elected  a  member  of 
the  court  of  common 
council  in  1881-83.  In 
1883  he  moved  to 
Kansas  City,  Mo., 
and  was  appointed 
professor  of  anatomy 
at  the  Kansas  City 
Hospital  of  Medicine; 
and  is  now  a  promi 
nent  physician  of  Boston,  Mass.  In  1863, 
when  thirteen  years  of  age,  he  enlisted 
in  the  union  army;  at  fourteen  years  of 
age  he  was  chief  bugler  and  dispatch  car 
rier  in  the  second  brigade  of  the  first  di 
vision  second  corps  army  of  the  Potomac; 
was  one  of  the  youngest  soldiers  of  the 
war,  and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Cold  Harbor,  Va.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  Key  Notes  of  Health  and 
a  Century  of  Life;  and  several  medical 
papers  on  Hygiene  and  Health. 

SCOTT,  EBEN[EZER]  GREENOUGH, 
author,  was  born  in  1836  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  writer  of  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.;  and 
the  author  of  Development  of  Constitu 
tional  Liberty  in  the  English  Colonies 
of  America;  Commentaries  upon  the  In 
terstate  System  of  Pennsylvania;  and  Re 
construction  During  the  Civil  War  in  the 
United  States  of  America. 

SCOTT,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1774  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  Ten 
nessee  lawyer,  prominent  in  the  state's 
early  history,  who  published  Laws  of  the 
State  of  Tennessee  in  1822.  He  died  in 
1852. 

SCOTT,  FREDERICK  R.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  in  1830  in  Ireland.  Since 
1873  he  has  been  president  of  Richmond 
and  Petersburg  railroad. 


826 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SCOTT.  GUSTAVUS,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Prince  William  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Maryland 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1784  to 
1785.  He  died  in  1801  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

SCOTT,  GUSTAVUS  HALL,  naval  officer, 
was  born  June  13,  1812,  in  Fairfax  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  with 
distinction,  attaining  the  rank  of  rear- 
admiral.  United  States  navy.  He  died 
March  23,  1882,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SCOTT.  HARVEY  D.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  removed  to  Indiana; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from  In 
diana  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress. 

SCOTT.   HARVEY   W.,  journalist,  was 
born   Feb.   1,   1838,   near   Peoria,   111.    He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
^^^_^_^_____  various     schools     in 
Oregon,    and    gradu 
ated  from  the  Pacific 
university.      In    1864 
he    moved    to    Port- 
<•"      '7S&  4Q         land,  Ore.,  intending 
to  follow  the  profes 
sion  of  law,  but  took 
up    writing    for    the 
press.     Since  1865  he 
has  been   the  editor 
of     The     Oregonian. 
the      leading      daily 
newspaper     of     that 

state.  To  this  publication  he  has  since 
devoted  his  attention.  He  is  a  clear  and 
forcible  writer,  and  a  man  of  executive 
ability  and  untiring  energy. 

SCOTT,  HENRY  LEE,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  1814  in  North  Carolina.  He 
was  an  army  officer  who  served  in  the 
Mexican  and  civil  wars,  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  A  Military  Dictionary.  He  died 
in  1886. 

SCOTT,  HUGH  REID,  lawyer,  banker, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1855  in  Rock- 
ingham  county,  N.  C.  In  1878  he  was 
prosecuting  attorney  of  his  native  county, 
and  during  1881-84  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  of  the  North  Carolina  legis 
lature.  In  1885  he  organized  the  Reids- 
ville  bank,  and  has  ever  since  been  its 
president. 

SCOTT,  IRVING  MURRAY,  mechanical 
engineer,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1837,  in  He 
bron  Mills,  Md.  He  has  invented  numerous 
appliances  connected  with  engines;  and 
also  in  mining  machinery.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Mechanics'  institute  and 
of  the  Art  institute  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
He  is  at  the  head  of  the  Union  Iron  works, 
and  built  the  battleship  Oregon. 

SCOTT,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist.  In  1813 
he  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  for  the  territory 
of  Indiana. 

SCOTT.  JAMES,  clergyman,  author,  po 
et,  was  born  in  1806  in  Scotland.  He  was 
pastor  at  German  Valley  and  Newark,  N. 
J.  He  published  a  dissertation  on  the  ge 
nius  of  Robert  Pollok  in  his  Life,  and  be 
fore  his  death  completed  a  narrative  poem 
called  The  Guardian  Angel.  He  died  in 
1857  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

SCOTT.  JAMES  W.,  journalist,  was 
born  June  26,  1849,  in  Walworth  county. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Chicago 
Evening  Post. 

SCOTT.  JEANNE  McCLAIN,  editor,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1849.  in  Carthage- 
on-the-Cumberland,  Tenn.  She  attended 
the  Sacred  Heart  college  of  New  Orleans, 
and  in  1863  graduated  from  the  Huntsville 
college,  Alabama.  She  is  the  editor  of  the 
Arkansas  Traveler,  and  a  contributor  to 
eastern  and  southern  magazines.  She  is  a 
successful  syndicate  writer  and  the  au 
thor  of  four  books. 


SCOTT,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1782  in  Hanover  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  congress  from  the  territory 
of  Missouri  from  1816  to  1821;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Missouri 
from  1821  to  1827.  He  died  in  1861  in  St. 
Genevieve,  Mo. 

SCOTT,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Hunting 
don  county,  Penn.,  from  1829  to  1831. 

SCOTT,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1820,  in  Washington  county, 
Pa.  He  is  a  methodist  protestant  clergy 
man  of  Cincinnati;  and  the  author  of  Pul 
pit  Echoes;  and  The  Land  of  Sojourn. 

SCOTT,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  July  14, 
1824,  in  Alexandria,  Pa.  He  was  a  prose 
cuting  attorney  from  1846  to  1849;  was  for 
ten  years  solicitor  for  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  company;  and  in  1862  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legislature.  He  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
for  the  term  commencing  in  1869  and  end 
ing  in  1875.  He  died  March  22,  1889,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa. 

SCOTT,  JOHN  G..  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1819,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Missouri  to  the  thir 
ty-eighth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

SCOTT,  JOHN  M.,  clergyman,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  in  1855  in  Westmoreland 
county.  Pa.  He  is  a  successful  educator 
and  baptist  clergyman  of  Sewickly,  Pa.; 
and  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems. 

SCOTT,  JOHN  MORIN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1730  in  New  York.  He  was 
secretary  of  the  state  of  New  York  in 
1778  and  1779;  and  was  a  delegate  from 
New  York  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1780  to  1783.  He  died  Sept.  14,  1784, 
in  New  York. 

SCOTT,  JOHN  MORIN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  horn  Oct.  25,  1789,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
Philadelphia  city  councils,  a  delegate  to 
the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1837,  and  in  1841-44  served  as  mayor. 

SCOTT,  JOHN  T.,  jurist,  was  born  May 
6,  1831,  in  Glasgow,  Ky.  He  removed  to 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.;  and  in  1868  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas,  and  was  again  elected  to  the  judge- 
ship  in  1872. 

SCOTT,  JOHN  W.,  educator,  clergyman, 
was  born  Jan.  22,  1800,  in  Beaver  county, 
Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania;  taught 
school  for  a  number 
of  years;  and  during 
1824-81  he  filled  the 
chair  of  natural  sci 
ence  and  mathemat 
ics  in  various  insti 
tutions.  In  1830  he 
was  ordained  a  cler 
gyman  in  the  pres- 
byterian  church;  and 
during  the  Harrison 
I' administration  he 
was  a  member  of  the 
president's  family  at  the  White  house.  His 
son,  John  Neal  Scott,  is  a  noted  lawyer 
of  Port  Townsend.  Wash.;  and  his  daugh 
ter  is  the  wife  of  ex-President  Benjamin 
Harrison. 

SCOTT,  JULIAN,  artist,  was  born  Feb. 
14,  1846,  in  Johnson,  Vt.  Among  his 
works,  mostly  pictures  of  army  life,  are 
Rear-Guard  at  White  Oak  Swamp,  owned 
by  the  Union  League  club;  Battle  of  Ce 
dar  Creek,  In  the  state-house  at  Montpe- 
lier,  Vt.;  Battle  of  Golding's  Farm;  The 
Recall;  On  Board  the  Hartford;  and  Old 
Records. 


SCOTT,  LAWRENCE  W.,  journalist, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  29, 
1846.  in  Monongalia  county,  Vt.  In  his 
youth  he  learned  the  printer's  trade  in 
Texas,  and  was  local  editor  of  the  Daily 
Leader  of  Covington,  Ky.  In  1866  he  en 
tered  the  ministry,  and  became  somewhat 
distinguished  as  a  theological  disputant. 
In  1872  he  returned  to  Texas,  where  he 
published  the  Olive  Branch,  which  was 
afterward  consolidated  with  the  Southern 
Christian  Weekly.  He  is  the  author  of 
Paradox,  and  Other  Poems,  and  several 
prose  works. 

SCOTT,  ORANGE,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  13,  1800,  in  Brookfleld,  Vt. 
Besides  many  contributions  to  the  press, 
he  was  the  author  of  An  Appeal  to  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  died  July 
31,  1847,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

SCOTT,  OWEN,  lawyer,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  6,  1848,  near 
Eflingham,  111.  He  was  elected  superin 
tendent  of  schools 
t'orEffingham  county, 
111.,  and  served  in 
that  capacity  eight 
years;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  by  the 
Illinois  supreme 
court  in  1874,  and 
practiced  law  for  ten 
years,  leaving  this  to 
|  engage  in  newspaper 
work.  He  published 
the  Effingham  Demo 
crat,  leaving  it  to  be 
come  proprietor  and  manager  of  the 
Bloomington  Daily  and  Weekly  Bulletin; 
and  also  publishes  monthly  the  Illinois 
Freemason.  He  was  elected  city  attorney 
and  mayor  of  Effingham;  was  deputy  col 
lector  of  internal  revenue;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

SCOTT,  ROBERT  KINGSTON,  soldier, 
physician,  governor,  was  born  July  8,  1826, 
in  Armstrong  county,  Pa.  He  was  in 
Sherman's  operations  before  Atlanta,  and 
in  the  march  to  the  sea.  He  was  assistant 
commissary  from  1865  to  1868;  and  was 
governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1868  to 
1871. 

SCOTT,  ROBERT  NICHOLSON,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1838,  in  Win 
chester  county,  Tenn.  He  was  an  army 
officer,  in  charge  of  the  publication  of  war 
records  at  Washington  in  1877-87,  who 
published  a  Digest  of  the  Military  Laws  of 
the  United  States.  He  died  March  5,  1887, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SCOTT,  RUFUS  LEONARD,  lawyer, 
was  born  March  31,  1835,  in  Lanesborough, 
Mass.  In  1861  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  has  since  con 
tinued  the  practice  of 
law  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  residing 
in  Brooklyn.  In  1877 
he  was  elected  regis 
trar  of  arrears  for 
the  city  of  Brooklyn; 
and  he  was  instru 
mental  in  having  the 
plan  of  advertising 
the  tax  sales  in  pam 
phlet  form  for  distri 
bution,  with  a  refer 
ence  notice  in  the  daily  papers,  instead  of 
advertising  in  detail  through  the  press; 
and  this  measure  subsequently  became  a 
law.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  board 
of  aldermen;  a  member  of  the  board  of 
education;  was  a  leader  in  securing  rapid 
transit  for  the  city;  one  of  the  promoters 
and  founders  of  the  Bushwick  and  East 
Brooklyn  dispensary;  and  also  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Bushwick  Savings  bank. 


HBRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


827 


SCOTT,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1789  to  1791,  and  again 
from  1793  to  1795. 

SCOTT,  THOMAS  ALEXANDER,  sol 
dier,  railroad  president,  was  born  Dec.  28, 
1824,  in  London,  Pa.  He  was  commissioned 
_  colonel  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia 
volunteers;  a  few 
weeks  later  was  ap 
pointed  in  charge  of 
all  government  rail 
ways  and  telegraphs. 
In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed  assistant 
secretary  of  war,  and 
in  1863  became  colo 
nel  and  assistant 
quartermaster  on  the 
s  t  a  ff  of  General 
Hooker.  During  1871-72  he  was  president 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  company;  in 
1872  was  elected  president  of  the  Texas 
Pacific  Railway  company;  and  in  1873  was 
elected  president  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pa 
cific  Railway  company.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  company.  He  died  May  21,  1881, 
in  Darby,  Pa. 

SCOTT,  THOMAS  FIELDING,  protest- 
ant  episcopal  bishop,  was  born  March  12, 
1807,  in  Iredell  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
elected  missionary  bishop  of  Oregon  and 
Washington  territories,  and  was  conse 
crated  in  Christ  church,  Savannah,  Ga.,  in 
1854.  He  died  July  14,  1867,  in  New  York 
city. 

SCOTT,  THOMAS  GIBNEY,  clergyman, 
home  missionary,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1824, 
in  Uniontown,  Pa.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Franklin  college  of  Ohio, 
and  the  Theological  seminary  of  New  Al 
bany,  Ind.  He  has  attained  success  as  an 
eminent  clergyman  and  home  missionary, 
and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Westfield,  Pa., 
in  Mechanicstown  and  Beech  Springs, 
Ohio;  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Cham 
paign,  111. 

SCOTT,  THOMAS  SMITH,  clergyman, 
was  born  Nov.  9,  1849,  in  Enon  Valley, 
Pa.  He  attended  the  new  Lisbon  High 
school;  the  Union  academy  of  Poland, 
Ohio,  and  the  Western  Reserve  college; 
and  subsequently  studied  in  the  Theologi 
cal  seminary  of  Auburn,  and  the  Union 
Theological  seminary  of  Schenectady.  This 
eminent  presbyterian  clergyman  has  filled 
pastorates  in  East  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Rock- 
ford,  111.;  Knoxville,  Tenn.;  Vincennes, 
Ind.;  and  Middletown,  Ohio.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  the  New  York  Ob 
server,  New  York  Independent,  and  other 
publications,  principally  on  religious  and 
educational  topics. 

SCOTT,  WALTER,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  31,  1796,  in  Scotland.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Disciples  or  Camp- 
bellites;  and  was  the  author  of  The  Gos 
pel  Restored;  and  The  Great  Demonstra 
tion  He  died  April  23,  1861,  in  May's  Lick, 
Ky. 

SCOTT,  WALTER  GAY,  journalist,  law 
yer,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1853,  in  Washing 
ton,  Pa.  He  started  in  life  as  a  printer, 
and  became  a  successful  journalist.  He 
has  attained  distinction  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  St.  Johns,  Ariz.;  has  been  court  com 
missioner;  district  attorney;  and  filled 
numerous  positions  of  honor. 

SCOTT,  WILLIAM  AMASA,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  17,  1862,  in  Clark- 
son,  N.  Y.  He  has  filled  the  chair  of  his 
tory  and  political  science  in  various  insti 
tutions,  principally  in  the  university  of 
Wisconsin.  He  is  the  author  of  Repudia 
tion  of  State  Debts;  and  various  articles 
on  economic  subjects. 


SCOTT.  WILLIAM  ANDERSON,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
31,  1813,  in  Rock  Creek,  Tenn.  He  was  a 
presbyterian  clergyman  of  San  Francisco, 
professor  in  the  Theological  seminary 
there  from  1871;  and  the  author  of  The 
Bible  and  Politics;  Strauss  and  Renan; 
Daniel:  a  Model  for  Young  Men;  Achan 
in  El  Dorado;  The  Giant  Judge;  The 
Church  in  the  Army;  The  Christ  of  the 
Apostles'  Creed;  and  Trade  and  Letters. 
He  died  Jan.  14,  1885,  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

SCOTT,  WILLIAM  COWPER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1817,  in 
Martinsburg,  Va.  He  was  pastor  of  several 
churches  in  his  native  state  till  his  death, 
except  during  two  years,  when  feeble 
health  compelled  him  to  desist  from 
preaching,  and  he  was  occupied  in  teach 
ing  and  writing  for  periodicals.  He  was 
the  author  of  a  work  on  Genius  and 
Faith,  or  Poetry  and  Religion  in  their 
Mutual  Relations.  He  died  Oct.  23,  1854, 
in  Bethesda,  Va. 

SCOTT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1840, 
in  Chauncey,  Ohio.  He  filled  the  chair  of 
Greek  in  the  Ohio  university  of  Athens 
during  1869-72,  and  was  its  president  dur 
ing  1872-83;  and  from  that  time  until 
1895  he  was  president  of  the  Ohio  state 
university,  in  which  he  now  fills  the  chair 
of  philosophy. 

SCOTT,  WILLIAM  L.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  2,  1828,  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  a  page  in 
the  national  house  of  representatives  from" 
1840  to  1846;  and  in  1848  settled  at  Erie, 
Pa.  As  president  or  director  he  was  in 
terested  in  twenty-two  thousand  miles  of 
completed  road,  probably  the  largest  mile 
age  in  the  management  of  which  one  man 
was  ever  interested.  He  was  elected  mayor 
of  Erie  in  1866,  and  again  in  1871.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-ninth  congress; 
and  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

SCOTT,  WINFIELD,  soldier,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  June  13,  1786,  in  Peters 
burg,  Va.  He  joined  the  army  in  1808; 
was  made  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  1812,  and 
passed  through  the 
war  that  ensued  with 
great  honor  to  him 
self  and  his  com 
pany.  He  was  bre- 
vetted  major-general 
in  1814,  and  was 
made  general  -  in  - 
chief  of  the  army  in 
1841.  He  was  made 
lieutenant-general  in 
1855.  He  was  voted 

a  gold  medal  for  his  service  in  the  war 
of  1812.  He  was  a  candidate  for  the  presi 
dency  in  1852.  He  was  the  author  of  Gen 
eral  Regulations  of  the  Army;  System  of 
Infantry  and  Rifle  Tactics;  and  Autobi 
ography  (1864).  He  died  May  29,  1866,  in 
West  Point,  N.  Y. 

SCOULLER,  JAMES  BROWN,  clergy 
man  author,  was  born  July  12,  1820,  near 
New'ville,  Pa.  He  is  a  prominent  united 
presbyterian  clergyman;  and  the  author 
of  Manual  of  the  United  Presbyterian 
Church;  History  of  the  United  Presbyte 
rian  Church;  and  Calvinism:  its  History 
and  Influence. 

SCOVEL,  SYLVESTER  F.,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1835, 
in  Harrison,  Ohio.  During  1857-83  he  filled 
pastorates  in  the  presbyterian  church, 
when  he  was  appointed  president  of 
Wooster  university  of  Ohio. 


SCOVILLE,  JONATHAN,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Conn. 
He  removed  to  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in  1860,  and 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  car  wheels. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
seventh  congress. 

SCOVILLE,  JOSEPH  A.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1811  in  Connecticut.  He 
was  a  journalist  of  New  York  city,  clerk 
of  the  common  council,  and  at  one  period 
private  secretary  to  Calhoun.  He  was  the 
author  of  Adventures  of  Clarence  Bolton, 
or  Life  in  New  York;  The  Old  Merchants 
of  New  York;  Vigor,  a  novel;  and  Ma 
rion.  He  died  in  1864. 

SCRANTON,  GEORGE  WHITEFIELD,' 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
May  11,  1811,  in  Madison,  Conn.  In  1858 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress.  He  died  March  24,  1861,  in 
Scranton,  Pa. 

SCRANTON,  JOSEPH  A.,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  26,  1838,  in 
Madison,  Conn.  He  was  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue  from  1862  to  1866;  and  in 
1867  founded  the  Scranton  Republican 
newspaper.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-sev 
enth  congress;  and  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth,  fifty-first,  fifty-third,  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

SCREVEN,  JAMES,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1744  in  Georgia.  He  early  espoused 
the  patriot  cause,  and  in  1774  was  one  of 
the  committee  that  drew  up  articles  of 
association  for  the  defense  of  liberty  in 
Georgia.  He  died  Nov.  24,  1778,  in  Mid 
way,  Ga. 

SCREVEN,  JAMES  PROCTOR,  state 
senator,  railroad  president,  was  born  Oct. 
11,  1799,  in  Bluffton,  S.  C.  In  1855  he  was 
elected  state  senator  from  South  Carolina 
and  in  1866  mayor  of  Savannah.  He  is  the 
president  of  the  Savannah,  Albany  and 
Gulf,  and  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  railroads. 
He  died  July  16,  1859. 

SCREVEN,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1629  in  England.  He 
came  to  this  country  about  1640,  settled 
about  sixty  miles  north  of  Charleston,  and 
was  the  original  proprietor  of  the  land  on 
which  the  town  of  Georgetown  was  built. 
He  was  the  author  of  An  Ornament  for 
Church  Members,  published  after  his 
death.  He  died  in  1713  in  Georgetown, 
S.  C. 

SCRIBNER,  CHARLES,  publisher,  was 
born  Feb.  21,  1821,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1865  he  began  the  publication  of  Hours 
at  Home  in  New  York  city,  a  monthly 
magazine,  which  in  1870  was  merged  in 
Scribner's  Monthly,  under  the  editorship 
of  Josiah  G.  Holland,  and  which  was  pub 
lished  by  a  separate  company,  Scribner 
and  Co.,  with  Dr.  Holland  and  Roswell 
Smith  as  part  owners.  He  died  Aug.  26, 
1871,  in  Switzerland. 

SCRIBNER,  EUGENE  D.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  orator,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1867,  in 
Delafield,  Wis.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Fulton  and  Sara 
toga  counties,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Northville,  N. 
Y.;  and  as  an  orator  and  journalist  is 
well  known.  He  is  president  of  the  North 
ville  Electric  Light  and  Power  company; 
and  is  interested  in  various  other  business 
enterprises.  In  1894  he  was  a  candidate 
for  member  of  the  New  York  state  assem 
bly  from  Fulton  county;  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city, 
county  and  state. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SCRIPTURE,  EDWARD  WHEELER, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  in  1864  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  is  a  scientist,  director  of 
the  physical  laboratory  of  Yale  univer 
sity;  and  the  author  of  Thinking,  Feeling. 
Doing,  a  popular  psychology;  The  New 
Psychology;  and  Studies  from  the  Yale 
Physical  Laboratory. 

SCRUGGS,  WILLIAM  L.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  public  official,  was  born  Sept.  14, 
1834.  in  Knoxville,  Tenn.  He  was  editor 
of  the  Columbus  Sun  from  1861  to  1864; 
and  in  1865  became  editor  of  the  New 
Era  of  Atlanta,  Ga.  In  1872  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  assessor  of  internal 
revenue  for  the  district  of  Georgia.  In 
1873-76  he  was  appointed  minister  of  the 
.United  States  to  the  United  States  of  Co 
lombia;  and  in  1879  was  appointed  United 
States  consul  in  China. 

SCUDDER,  ELIZA,  poet,  was  born  in 
1821  in  Massachusetts.  She  was  a  hymn- 
writer  of  Massachusetts;  and  the  author 
of  Hymns  and  Sonnets.  She  died  in  1896. 

SCUDDER,  HENRY  J.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1825  in  Northport, 
L.  I.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-third  con 
gress  as  a  republican.  He  died  Feb.  12. 
1886,  in  New  York  city. 

SCUDDER,  HENRY  MARTYN,  clergy 
man,  missionary,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
5,  1822,  in  Ceylon.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  and  missionary,  pastor  in  Chi 
cago  in  1883-87,  and  from  1887  a  mission 
ary  in  Japan.  He  published  in  the  Tamil 
language  Liturgy  of  the  Dutch  Reformed 
Church;  The  Bazaar  Book;  Sweet  Savors 
of  Divine  Truth;  and  Spiritual  Teaching. 
He  died  in  1895. 

SCUDDER,  HORACE  ELISHA,  littera 
teur,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1838,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  Boston  writer,  edi 
tor  of  The  Atlantic  Monthly  from  1890; 
and  the  author  of  Seven  Little  People  and 
Their  Friends;  Dream  Children;  Stories 
from  my  Attic;  The  Dwellers  in  Five- 
Sisters'  Court;  Stories  and  Romances; 
Boston  Town;  Life  of  Noah  Webster;  A 
History  of  the  United  States;  A  Short  His 
tory  of  the  United  States;  The  Book  of 
Fables;  The  Book  of  Folk  Stories;  Fables 
and  Folk  Stories;  George  Washington:  an 
Historical  Biography;  Men  and  Letters, 
a  volume  of  essays;  Childhood  in  Lite 
rature  and  Art;  Recollections  of  Samuel 
Breck;  and  The  Bodley  Books,  a  series  of 
popular  juveniles. 

SCUDDER,  ISAAC  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1818  in  Elizabeth, 
N.  J.  He  was  twice  prosecutor  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  for  Hudson  county; 
?nd  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  Jersey  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

SCUDDER.  JARED  WATERBURY, 
missionary,  author,  was  born  in  1830  in 
Ceylon.  He  was  ordained  a  missionary 
to  India  under  the  reformed  Dutch  church, 
and  since  1857  has  held  native  charges 
there.  He  has  published  translations  from 
the  Tamil  of  Henry  M.  Scudder's  Spiritual 
Teaching,  and  his  Bazaar  Book;  and  a 
History  of  the  Arcot  Mission. 

SCUDDER,  JOHN,  missionary,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1793,  in 
Freehold,  N.  J.  He  was  a  Dutch  reformed 
missionary  and  physician  in  Ceylon  In 
1820-39;  and  the  author  of  Letters  from 
the  East;  Letters  to  Pious  Young  Men; 
and  Promises  for  Passing  Over  Jordan. 
He  died  Jan.  13;  1855,  in  Africa. 

SCUDDER,  JOHN  A.,  physician,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  In  New 
Jersey.  He  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  assembly  of  his  native  state;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  to  fill  a  vacancy. 


SCUDDER,  JOHN  KING,  educator,  phy 
sician,  was  born  May  16,  1865,  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio.  In  1886  he  received  the  de 
gree  of  B.  A.  from  the  Cincinnati  univer 
sity,  and  subsequently  the  degree  of  M.  A. 
from  the  same  institution.  He  also  studied 
at  the  Eclectic  Medical  institute  of  Cin 
cinnati,  of  which  institution  he  has  been 
secretary  since  1887;  and  a  member  of  the 
Ohio  State  Board  of  Medical  Registration 
and  Examination  since  1896.  He  is  con 
nected  with  the  publishing  house  of  the 
Scudder  Brothers  company,  medical  pub 
lishers  and  booksellers  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  and  the  publishers  of  the  Eclectic 
Medical  Journal. 

SCUDDER,  JOHN  MILTON,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1829.  in  Harri 
son,  Ohio.  During  1839-43  he  attended 
the  Miami  university  .of  Oxford,  Ohio; 
and  subsequently  the  Eclectic  Medical  in 
stitute  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  from  which 
institution  he  received  his  medical  de 
gree.  During  18-30-94  he  was  professor  of 
medicine;  was  the  editor  of  the  Eclectic 
Medical  Journal  during  1863-94;  and  was 
the  author  of  the  following  works:  Speci 
fic  Medication;  Specific  Diagnosis;  Prin 
ciples  of  Medicine;  Practice  of  Medicine; 
Materia  Medica;  Diseases  *of  Children; 
Diseases  of  Women;  Venereal;  and  Med 
icated  Inhalations.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1894, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

SCUDDER,  MOSES  LEWIS,  broker,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1843  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  broker  of  Chicago;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Brief  Honors,  a  romance;  Almost 
an  Englishman;  National  Banking;  Con 
gested  Prices;  and  The  Labor  Value  Pro 
phecy. 

SCUDDER,  NATHANIEL,  congressman, 
was  born  May  10,  1733,  near  Huntington, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  delegate  from  New  Jersey 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1777  to 
1779;  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
articles  of  confederation.  He  died  Oct.  17 
1781,  in  Shrewsbury,  N.  J. 

SCUDDER,  SAMUEL  HUBBARD,  natu 
ralist,  author,  was  born  in  1837  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  naturalist  of  Cambridge; 
and  the  author  of  The  Butterflies  of  the 
Eastern  United  States  and  Canada;  But 
terflies,  their  Structure,  Changes,  and  Life 
Histories;  Brief  Guide  to  the  Commoner 
Butterflies;  The  Life  of  a  Butterfly;  Frail 
Children  of  the  Air;  Excursions  into  the 
World  of  Butterflies;  A  Century  of  Orthop- 
tera;  and  The  Fossil  Insects  of  North 
America. 

SCUDDER,  TREADWELL,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman.  He  was  for  six  years 
a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1817  to  1819. 

SCUDDER,  VIDA  DUTTON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1861,  in  India. 
He  is  an  educator  of  Massachusetts,  pro 
fessor  in  Wellesley  college;  and  the  au 
thor  of  How  the  Rain  Sprites  were  Freed; 
The  Life  of  the  Spirit  in  the  Modern  Eng 
lish  Poets;  The  Witness  of  Denial;  and 
The  Prometheus  Unbound  of  Shelley. 

SCUDDER,  ZENO,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  18.  1807, 
in  Barnstable,  Mass.  He  was  president  of 
the  Massachusetts  senate;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Massachu 
setts  from  1851  to  1854.  He  died  June  26, 
1857,  in  Barnstable,  Mass. 

SCULL,  EDWARD,  journalist,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1818  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.  He  published  and  edited  the 
Somerset  Herald  since  1852,  in  Somerset, 
Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  and 
fifty-first  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  republican. 


SCULLY,  JOHN,  college  president,  was 
born  Sept.  23,  1846,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
In  1888  he  was  elected  president  of  St. 
John's  college  Fordham,  N.  Y.,  resigning 
in  1891. 

SCURRY,  RICHARDSON,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Texas 
from  1851  to  1853. 

SEABROOK,  WHITEMARSH  B..  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1795 
in  South  Carolina.  He  served  in  the  state 
senate;  was  president  of  the  State  Agri 
cultural  society;  and  was  governor  of 
South  Carolina  from  1848  to  1850.  He  died 
April  16,  1855.  in  St.  Luke's  Parish,  S.  C. 
SEABURY,  GEORGE  J.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Nov.  10,  1844.  He  will  be  known 
in  history  as  the  father  and  organizer  of 
his  branch  of  phar 
maceutical  chemis 
try,  chiefly  for  his 
original  work,  inven 
tions  and  improve 
ments  on  old  meth 
ods.  His  firm  have 
invariably  received 
the  highest  awards 
over  all  American 
and  European  com 
petitors,  notably  in 

Paris,     London,     Vi 
enna,      Philadelphia, 

New  York,  Chicago,  Liverpool,  Melbourne, 
Montreal,  and  at  many  other  world's  ex 
hibitions,  forty-nine  gold  medals  and  spe 
cial  diplomas  having  been  awarded  them. 
SEABURY,  SAMUEL,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1729.  in  Groton,  Conn. 
He  was  the  first  protestant  episcopal  bish 
op  of  Connecticut.  During  the  early  days 
of  the  American  revolution  he  attracted 
much  attention  by  his  pamphlets  signed 
A.  W.  Farmer,  which  sharply  criticized 
the  actions  of  the  patriots.  They  include, 
Free  Thoughts  on  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Continental  Congress;  The  Continental 
Congress  Canvassed;  and  View  of  the 
Controversy  between  Great  Britain  and 
her  English  Colonies.  His  sermons  have 
been  issued  in  three  volumes.  He  died 
Feb.  29,  1796,  in  New  London,  Conn. 

SEABURY,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  9,  1801,  in  New  Lon 
don.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
New  York  city,  prominent  among  High 
Churchmen,  and  professor  in  the  General 
Theological  seminary.  He  was  the  author 
of  Continuity  of  the  Church  of  England; 
Mary  the  Virgin;  Historical  Sketch  of 
Augustine  of  Hippo;  Supremacy  of  Con 
science;  American  Slavery  Justified;  The 
ory  and  Use  of  the  Calendar;  and  Dis 
courses  on  the  Holy  Calendar.  He  died 
Oct.  10,  1872,  in  New  York  city. 

SEABURY,  WILLIAM  JONES,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25, 
1837,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  an  episco 
pal  clergyman  of  New  York  city,  rector  of 
the  church  of  the  Annunciation  from 
1868,  and  professor  in  the  General  semi 
nary  from  1873.  He  is  the  author  of  Sug 
gestions  in  Aid  of  Devotion:  and  Intro 
duction  to  the  Study  of  Ecclesiastical  Po 
lity. 

SEAL,  RODERICK,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Harrison  county,  Miss. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  legisla 
ture;  and  in  1875  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Mississippi  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress. 

SEALSFIELD,  CHARLES,  author,  was 
born  March  3,  1793,  in  Moravia.  He  was 
the  author  of  Tokiah,  or  the  White  Rose; 
The  Viceroy  and  the  Aristocrat;  The 
Cabin  Book,  or  Life  in  Texas;  and  Scenes 
and  Adventures  in  Central  America.  He 
died  May  26,  1864. 


HERRiNGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SEAMAN,  EZRA  CHAMPION,  comp 
troller,  author,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1805,  in 
Chatham,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  comptroller 
of  the  treasury  in  1849-53,  and  subsequent 
ly  inspector  of  the  Michigan  State  pris 
ons.  He  was  the  author  of  Essays  on  the 
Progress  of  Nations;  Commentaries  on 
the  Constitution,  Laws,  People,  and  His 
tory  of  the  United  States;  The  American 
System  of  Government;  and  Views  of  Na 
ture.  He  died  July  1,  1880,  in  Ann  Ar 
bor,  Mich. 

SEAMAN,  HENRY  J.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1845 
to  1847. 

SEAMAN,  VALENTINE,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  2,  1770,  in  Hemp- 
stead,  L.  I.  He  was  a  once  prominent  phy 
sician  of  New  York  city,  active  in  intro 
ducing  the  practice  of  vaccination.  He 
was  the  author  of  Waters  of  .Saratoga; 
Midwife's  Monitor;  and  On  Vaccination. 
He  died  July  3,  1817,  in  New  York  city. 

SEARCH,  PRESTON  WILLIS,  educa 
tor,  lecturer,  was  born  April  10,  1853,  in 
Marion,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  university  of  Wooster,  Ohio.  In 
1873-74  he  was  principal  of  Millersburg 
academy  of  Ohio;  and  has  since  been 
superintendent  of  public  schools  in  West 
Liberty  and  Sidney,  Ohio;  in  Pueblo, 
Colo.;  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal.;  and  since 
1896  in  Holyoke,  Mass.  He  is  a  noted  wri 
ter  and  lecturer  on  Individualism  in  Edu 
cation,  of  which  doctrine  he  is  the  leading 
exponent.  He  was  the  originator  of  the 
Pueblo  plan  of  individual  instruction;  and 
is  the  editor  of  The  Advance  in  Educa 
tion. 

SEARIGHT,  THOMAS  B.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1827,  in 
Fayette  county,  Pa.  In  1848  he  graduated 
from  the  Washington  college,  and  was  in 
timately  associated  with  James  G.  Elaine 
while  at  college.  He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  the  east;  has  a  large 
practice  in  Uniontown,  Pa.;  has  served 
as  a  representative  in  both  houses  of  the 
Pennsylvania  state  legislature;  and  is  the 
author  of  The  History  of  the  National 
Road;  Letters  on  States'  Rights;  and  va 
rious  other  valuable  contributions  to  his 
torical  literature. 

SEARING,  JOHN  A.,  agriculturist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  14,  1814,  in 
Queens  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  chosen  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the  thir 
ty-fifth  congress. 

SEARING.  MRS.  LAURA  CATHERINE 
[REDDEN],  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb. 
9,  1840,  in  Somerset  county,  Md.  She  is  a 
poet  and  journalist  now  living  in  Califor 
nia,  but  from  1868-76  on  the  staff  of  The 
New  York  Mail.  She  is  the  author  of 
Sounds  from  Secret  Chambers;  Poems; 
Idylls  of  Battle;  and  Brother  and  Sister. 

SEARL,  FERNANDO  C.,  lawyer,   poet, 
was  born  July  18,  1825,  in  Scioto  county, 
Ohio.      He    is    a    prominent    attorney    of 
Portsmouth,     Ohio, 
^•fcs,  where    he    has    been 

""%»  engaged  in  the  prac 

tice  of  his  profession 
for  many  years,  and 
has      filled      various 
*•>         public     positions     of 
trust.     He    has    con 
tributed     extensively 
^-.|^          both  prose  and  verse 
mm  Ifete    to      l'H>      periodical 

£_j^B       I    press,  and  his  poems 
|    have  appeared  in  the 
leading  magazines  of 

America,  and  in  Poets  of  America  and  oth 
er  standard  works.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  volume  of  Collected  Poems. 


SEARLE,  ARTHUR,  astronomer,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1837,  in 
England.  He  is  a  professor  of  astronomy 
at  Harvard  university  from  1887,  who  has 
published  Outlines  of  Astronomy. 

SEARLE,  GEORGE  MARY,  astronomer, 
educator,  author,  was  born  June  27,  1839, 
in  England.  He  weht  to  Harvard  as  as 
sistant  in  the  observatory  in  1866,  and  re 
mained  there  until  1868,  when  he  joined 
the  Paulists,  and  was  ordained  as  a  priest 
in  that  community  in  March,  1871,  having 
been  converted  to  the  Roman  catholic  faith 
in  1862.  He  has  had  charge  of  the  science 
teaching  of  the  seminary  that  forms  part 
of  the  home  in  New  York. 

SEARLE,  JAMES,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  about  1730  in  New  York 
city.  He  settled  in  Philadelphia  about 
1763.  He  signed  the  non-importation 
agreement  of  1765;  was  one  of  the  man 
agers  of  the  United  States  lottery  from 
1776  to  1778.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1778  to  1780. 
He  died  Aug.  7,  1797,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SEARLES,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  in  1837  in  Ohio. 
He  is  a  civil  engineer;  and  the  author  of 
Field  Engineering;  and  The  Railroad  Spi 
ral. 

SEARS,  BARNAS,  clergyman,  educator, 
author,  was  born 'Nov.  19,  1802,  in  San- 
disfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man  and  educator  of  prominence  in  his 
day.  He  was  professor  at  Newton  Theo 
logical  seminary  in  1836-48,  and  president 
of  Brown  university  in  1855-67.  He  is  the 
author  of  Life  of  Luther;  The  Ciceronian 
or  Prussian  Mode  of  Instruction  in  Latin; 
and  Essays  on  Classical  Literature.  He 
died  July  6,  1880,  in  Saratoga  Springs, 
N.  Y. 

SEARS,  CLINTON  BROOKS,  civil  and 
military  engineer,  was  born  June  2,  1844, 
in  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y.  He  attended  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  university, 
and  graduated  from 
the  United  States 
Military  academy  in 
1867.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  as  a 
i)  volunteer,  and  was 
in  the  battles  of 
Richmond  and  Per 
ry  ville,  Ky. ;  and 
Stone  River,  Tenn. 
He  was  color  -  ser 
geant  of  the  ninety- 
fifth  regiment  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry  in  the  Vicksburg  cam 
paign.  Since  his  graduation  in  1867  he 
has  been  in  charge  of  various  public 
works,  civil  and  military,  on  the  Atlantic 
and  Pacific  coast,  and  in  the  Mississippi 
valley.  He  is  now  major  in  the  corps  of 
engineers  of  the  United  States  army  in 
charge  of  river  and  harbor  works,  with 
head-quarters  at  Duluth,  Minn. 

SEARS,  EDMUND  HAMILTON,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1810  in 
Sandisfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  and  religious  poet,  and  pastor 
at  Weston,  Mass.,  in  1865-76.  He  wrote 
the  familiar  Christmas  hymn.  Calm  on  the 
Listening  Ear  of  Night.  Regeneration; 
Foregleams  and  Foreshadows  of  Immor 
tality,  originally  published  as  Athanasia; 
The  Fourth  Gospel  the  Heart  of  Christ; 
Christ  in  the  Life;  Sermons  and  Songs  of 
the  Christian  Life;  Pictures  of  the  Olden 
Time;  and  That  Glorious  Song  of  Old. 
He  died  Jan.  14,  1876,  in  Weston,  Mass. 

SEARS,  EDWARD  I.,  journalist,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1819  in  Ireland. 
He  was  professor  of  languages  in  Man 
hattan  college.  He  became  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the  National  Quarterly,  a 
literary  magazine,  in  1860,  and  conducted 


it  until  his  death.  He  published,  under 
the  pen-name  of  H.  E.  Chevalier,  Legends 
of  the  Sea.  He  died  Dec.  7,  1876,  in  New 
York  city. 

SEARS,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  1821  in  Massachusetts.  He  is 
a  writer  of  Wellsboro,  Pa.,  who  served  in 
the  federal  army  during  the  civil  war.  He 
is  the  author  of  Woodcraft;  and  Forest 
Runes  (\erse). 

SEARS,  ISAAC,  soldier,  congressman, 
patriot,  was  born  in  1729,  in  Norwalk, 
Conn.  On  the  passage  of  the  stamp  act 
he  ardently  engaged  in  the  patriot  cause 
and  became  an  active  member  of  the  Sons 
of  Liberty.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
provincial  congress  of  New  York  in  1783 
and  of  the  assembly  in  the  same  year. 
He  died  Oct.  28,  1786,  in  .China. 

SEARS  [JOSEPH]  HAMBLEN,  author, 
was  born  in  1865  in  Massachusetts.  He  is 
a  writer  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  The  Governments  of  the  World  To- 
Day. 

SEARS,  ROBERT,  publisher,  was  born 
June  28,  1810,  in  St.  John,  N.  B.  His 
books  were  among  the  first  of  the  now 
well-known  class  of  books  sold  exclu 
sively  by  suscription. 

SEARS,  SCHUYLER  EARL,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  April  7,  1868,  in  Sha 
ron,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the  Bald 
win  university  and  the  Drew  Theological 
seminary,  and  has  received  the  degree  of 
B.  A.  He  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  the 
methodist  episcopal  church  at  Perrysville, 
Ohio;  and  is  the  author  of  more  than  a 
hundred  poems,  which  have  appeared  in 
the  Cle\  eland  Leader,  and  other  current 
periodicals. 

SEAT,  WILLIAM  J.,  business  man,  leg 
islator,  was  born  June  14,  1866,  in  Polk 
county,  Ore.  He  is  a  successful  business 
man  of  Vollmer,  Idaho;  and  in  1896  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Idaho  state  legis 
lature. 

SEATON,  WILLIAM  WINSTON,  jour 
nalist,  public  official,  was  born  Jan.  11, 
1785,  in  King  William  county,  Va.  He 
became  connected  with  the  Register,  in 
Raleigh;  in  1812  went  to  Washington 
city  and  joined  his  brother-in-law  in  the 
management  of  the  National  Intelligencer, 
with  which  he  was  most  honorably  iden 
tified  until  his  death.  He  was  frequently 
elected  mayor;  was  a  regent  of  the  Smith 
sonian  institution;  in  conjunction  with 
Mr.  Gales,  was  one  of  the  public  printers 
for  very  many  years.  He  died  June  16, 
1866,  in  Washington,  D,  C. 

SEAVER,  EBENEZER,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1763.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  from  1794  to  Iau2; 
was  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention  of  1820;  and  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Massachusetts  in  1803- 
13.  He  died  March  1,  1844,  in  Roxbury, 
Mass. 

SEAWELL,  MOLLY  ELLIOTT,  author, 
was  born  in  18 —  in  Virginia.  She  is  a 
Washington  writer  and  newspaper  corres 
pondent;  and  the  author  of  The  Sprightly 
Romance  of  Marsac;  Hale  Weston,  a 
novel;  The  Berkeleys  and  their  Neigh 
bors;  Throckmorton;  Maid  Marian,  and 
Other  Stories;  Children  of  Destiny;  Lit 
tle  Jarvis;  Midshipman  Paulding;  Paul 
Jones;  Decatur  and  Somers;  Through 
Thick  and  Thin;  A  Strange,  Sad  Comedy; 
and  Quarterdeck  and  Fok'sle. 

SEAWELL,  WASHINGTON,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1802  in  Virginia.  He  served 
in  the  Florida,  Mexican  and  civil  wars; 
and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
in  1865. 


830 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SEAY,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  jurist,  ed 
ucator,  state  legislator,  was  born  April  19, 
1831,  near  Burkeville,  Va.  He  was  a  pro 
fessor  in  the  Louisiana  State  Military 
school;  was  an  engineer  officer  in  the 
confederate  army  under  General  Price; 
and  received  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast 
for  judge  of  the  district  court  in  1872, 
but  the  returning  board  decided  that  he 
was  not  elected.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  Louisiana  legislature  in 
1881,  and  again  in  1884.  In  1884  he  was 
appointed  commissioner  to  revise  the  stat 
ute  laws  of  the  state;  and  in  1885  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  minister  to  Bolivia. 

SEBASTIAN,  WILLIAM  KING,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1814  in  Vernon,  Tenn.  He  was  appointed 
prosecuting  attorney,  and  held  the  office 
until  1837.  He  was  circuit  judge  from  1840 
to  1842;  and  in  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed  a  state  supreme  judge.  He  was  a 
state  senator,  and  president  of  the  state 
senate  in  1846;  and  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1848.  He  was  a  United  States 
senator  from  Arkansas  from  1847  to  1853; 
and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1859,  and,  in  the  latter  year,  was  re- 
elected  for  a  term  of  six  years.  He  was 
expelled  for  disloyalty  in  1861.  He  died 
May  20,  1865,  in  Memphis,  Tenn. 

SECCOMB,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  25,  1708,  in  Medford,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  minister  at  Har 
vard,  Mass.,  in  1733-57,  and  after  1763  at 
Chester,  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  the  author 
of  Father  Abbey's  Will,  a  once  extremely 
popular  piece  of  doggerel,  which  was  fol 
lowed  by  The  Letter  to  the  Widow  Abbey, 
He  died  in  January,  1793,  in  Nova  Scotia. 

SECCOMB,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1706  in  Medford,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  minister  at 
Kingston,  N.  H.,  from  1737,  and  author  of 
A  Plain  and  Brief  Rehearsal  of  the  Oper 
ations  of  Christ  as  God.  He  died  in  1760. 

SECOR,  EUGENE,  banker,  poet,  was 
born  in  1841  in  Peekskill,  N.  Y.  He  was 
chosen  the  first  mayor  of  Forest  City, 
Iowa,  and  re-elected  three  consecutive 
times.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
meritorious  poems. 

SEDDON,  JAMES  ALEXANDER,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  July  13,  1815, 
in  Falmouth,  Va.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state 
from  1845  to  1847, 
and  again  from  1849 
to  1851.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  con 
federate  government 
as  a  representative  in 
congress  in  1861,  hav 
ing  previously  been 
a  delegate  to  the 
peace  congress  of 
that  year.  In  1862  he 
became  the  confeder 
ate  secretary  of  war.  He  died  Aug.  19, 
1S80,  in  Virginia. 

SEDGWICK,  ARTHUR  GEORGE,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1844,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Principles 
and  Practices  Governing  the  Trial  of  Ti 
tle  to  Land;  and  Elements  of  Damages. 

SEDGWICK,  C.  B.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  March,  1815,  in  Pom- 
pey,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  representa- 
the  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-sixth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thir 
ty-seventh  congress.  In  1863  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  commissioner  to  look  after  cer 
tain  naval  affairs. 


SEDGWICK,  CATHARINE  MARIA,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1789,  in  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.  She  was  a  once  famous  nov 
elist  whose  name 
was  for  a  time  the 
foremost  among 
those  of  American 
literary  women.  She 
was  the  author  of 
Hope  Leslie;  Red 
wood;  The  New  Eng 
land  Tale;  The  Trav 
eler;  Clarence;  Le 
Bossu ;  The  Lin- 
woods;  Married  or 
Single  (1857),  include 
her  novels.  Other 
works  for  older  readers  are,  Letters  from 
Abroad;  and  Historical  Sketches  of  the 
Old  Painters.  Her  juvenile  moral  tales,  of 
which  Live  and  Let  Live;  Poor  Rich  Man 
and  Rich  Poor  Man;  Means  and  Ends; 
and  Morals  and  Manners,  are  good  exam 
ples,  are  as  entertaining  as  they  were  pop 
ular.  For  a  half  century  she  was  prin 
cipal  of  a  school  for  girls  in  Stockbridge, 
Mass.,  her  native  town.  She  died  July  31, 
1867,  near  Roxbury,  Mass. 

SEDGWICK,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  BUCK- 
MINSTER  [DWIGHT],  author,  was  born 
in  1791  in  Massachusetts.  She  was  a 
teacher  for  many  years;  and  the  author  of 
Beatitudes  and  Pleasant  Sundays;  Les 
sons  Without  Books;  A  Talk  with  My 
Pupils;  and  Stories  of  the  Spanish  Con 
quest.  She  died  in  1864. 

SEDGWICK,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born 
Sept.  13,  1813,  in  Cornwall,  Conn.  In  1837 
he  graduated  from  the  United  States  Mili 
tary  academy  a  t 
W(  st  Point;  was  ap 
pointed  second  lieu 
tenant,  and  was  first 
engaged  in  the  Semi- 
nole  war.  In  1846  he 
entered  the  Mexican 
war  as  first  lieuten 
ant  of  artillery;  and 
for  his  gallantry  re 
ceived  the  brevets  of 
captain  and  of  ma 
jor.  In  1862  he  was 
made  colonel  of  the 
first  regular  cavalry;  was  commissioned 
brigadier-general  of  the  United  States 
volunteers;  and  subsequently  became 
major-general.  He  was  killed  in  1864  by 
a  bullet  from  a  sharp-shooter.  A  monu 
ment  was  erected  to  his  memory  in  1868 
upon  the  grounds  of  the  United  States  Mil 
itary  academy  at  West  Point. 

SEDGWICK,  MRS.  SUSAN  LIVING 
STON  [RIDLEY],  author,  was  born  about 
1789.  She  was  a  writer  for  young  people; 
and  the  author  of  Walter  Thornley;  The 
Morals  of  Pleasure;  The  Young  Emi 
grants;  Allen  Prescott;  and  Alida.  or 
Town  and  Country.  She  died  in  1867. 

SEDGWICK,  THEODORE,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1746,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He 
was  a  zealous  patriot 
in  the  revolutionary 
war;  was  a  member 
of  the  provincial 
congress  in  1785  and 
1786;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  con 
gress  from  Massa 
chusetts,  after  the 
adoption  of  the  con 
stitution,  from  1789 
to  1796.  He  was  a 
senator  of  the  United 
States  from  1796  to 
1798.  In  1799  he  was  again  a  member  of 
the  house,  and  was  chosen  speaker.  From 
1802  until  his  death  he  was  a  judge  of 


the  supreme  court  of  Massachusetts.  He 
died  Jan.  24,  1813,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SEDGWICK,  THEODORE,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1780,  in  Sheffield; 
Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Albany,  and 
from  1819  a  resident  of  Stockbridge,  Mass., 
and  the  author  of  Public  and  Private 
Economy;  and  Hints  to  My  Countrymen. 
He  died  Nov.  7,  1839,  in  Pittsfleld,  Mass. 

SEDGWICK,  THEODORE,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1811,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  Rules  which  Gov 
ern  the  Interpretation  and  Application  of 
Statutory  and  Court  Law;  and  Treatise  on 
the  Measure  of  Damages,  a  work  of  much 
importance.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1859,  in 
Stockbridge,  Mass. 

SEDLEY,  HENRY,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  April  4,  1835,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  engaged  in  journalism,  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  New  York  Times  and  the 
Evening  Post,  and  for  some  time  was  an 
editor  of  the  Commercial  Advertiser.  He 
is  the  author  of  Dangerfield's  Rest,  a 
Romance;  and  Marion  Rooke,  or  the 
Quest  for  Fortune. 

SEDLEY,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  actor, 
was  born  Dec.  4,  1806,  in  Wales.  His  first 
appearance  in  New  York  was  at  the  old 
Chatham  street  theater  in  1840,  when  he 
acted  Edgar  to  the  Lear  of  Junius  Brutus 
Booth.  He  also  appeared  acceptably  as 
Laertes,  Gratiano,  and  Marc  Antony.  His 
last  professional  appearance  in  New  York 
was  made  at  the  Winter  garden  in  1865. 
He  died  Jan.  17,  1872,  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

SEELEY,  ELIAS  P.,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  New  Jersey  for  a  part  of  the 
year  1833. 

SEELEY,  JOHN  E.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1810,  in  Ovid, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  county  judge  and 
surrogate  in  1851,  and  served  four  years; 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1860 
and  also  in  1864.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
sccond  congress. 

SEELY,  EDWARD  HOWARD,  author, 
was  born  in  1856,  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
writer  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of 
A  Lone  Star  Bo-peep,  and  Other  Tales  of 
Texan  Ranch  Life;  A  Ranchman's  Stories; 
A  Nymph  of  the  West;  The  Jonah  of 
Lucky  Valley,  and  Other  Stories;  and  A 
Border  Leander.  He  died  in  1894. 

SEELYE,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  [EG- 
GLESTON],  author,  was  born  in  1858.  in 
Minnesota.  She  is  a  writer  living  at  Lake 
George,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author  of  The  Story 
of  Columbus;  Montezuma;  Brandt  and 
Red  Jacket;  Pocahontas;  Tecumseh  (with 
E.  Egglcston);  and  The  Story  of  Wash 
ington. 

SEELYE,  JULIUS  HAWTRY,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1824,  in  Bethel, 
Conn.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Dutch  reformed  church  in  Schenectady, 
X.  Y.,  in  1853.  and  remained  there  until 
appointed  professor  at  Amherst  college  in 
1858;  and  was  its  president  during  18'<6- 
90.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Massachusetts  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress.  He  was  the  author  of 
Natural  Religion;  The  Way,  the  Truth, 
and  the  Life;  Christian  Missions;  and 
Duty.  He  died  in  1895. 

SEELYE,  LAUREMUS  CLARK,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Sept. 
20,  1837,  in  Bethel,  Conn.  For  eight  years 
this  eminent  clergyman  was  professor  of 
English  literature  and  rhetoric  in  Am 
herst  college;  and  since  1873  has  been 
president  of  the  Smith  College  for  Women 
of  Northampton,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


831 


SEEMULLER,  MRS.  ANNIE  MON- 
CURE  [CRANE],  author,  was  born  in 
1838,  in  Maryland.  She  is  a  novelist  of 
New  York  city,  whose  somewhat  striking 
fictions  were  popular  for  a  brief  period. 
She  was  the  author  of  Emily  Chester; 
Reginald  Archer;  and  Opportunity.  She 
died  in  1872. 

SEERLEY,  HOMER  H.,  statesman.  He 
is  prominently  identified  with  the  educa 
tional  and  public  interests  of  Cedar  Falls, 
Iowa;  and  has  filled  several  positions  of 
honor  in  his  city,  county  and  state. 

SEERLEY,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  13,  1852,  in  Toulon, 
111.  He  was  city  solicitor  of  Burlington, 
Iowa,  for  six  years;  was  the  candidate 
of  the  democratic  party  for  congress  in 
1888;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

SEGAR,  JOSEPH  E.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  June  1.  1804,  in 
King  William  county,  Va.  In  1836  he  was 
elected  to  the  house'  of  delegates  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  continued  to  serve  for  several 
years;  and  was  again  elected  to  the  same 
position  in  1848,  and  continued  to  serve 
almost  uninterruptedly  until  the  state 
rebelled  against  the  union.  After  eastern 
Virginia  was  restored  to  the  federal  au 
thority,  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Virginia  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress.  He  died  in  1855. 

SEGUIN,  EDOUARD,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  20,  1812,  in  France.  He  was 
a  French  physician  who  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1848  and  whose  specialty 
was  the  training  of  idiots.  Among  his 
many  works  on  this  and  other  profes 
sional  topics  are,  New  Facts  Concerning 
Idiocy;  Family  Thermometer;  Medical 
Thermometry;  and  Idiocy  and  Its  Treat 
ment  by  the  Physiological  Methods.  He 
died  Oct.  28,  1880,  in  New  York  city. 

SEGUR,  SETH  WILLARD,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1831,  in  Vermont. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Ohio,  and  subsequently  of  Massachusetts, 
and  was  the  author  of  Relation  and  Re 
sponsibilities  of  Pastor  and  People;  The 
True  Manhood;  The  Nation's  Hope;  and 
National  Blessings  and  Duties.  He  died 
in  1875. 

SEIDENBUSH.  RUPERT,  Roman  cath 
olic  bishop,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1830,  in 
Bavaria.  The  northern  part  of  Minne 
sota  was  erected  into  a  vicariate  apostolic 
by  a  papal  brief  on  Feb.  12,  1875,  and  he 
was  appointed  its  vicar  apostolic,  under 
the  title  of  bishop  of  Halia  in  partibus. 
SEIP,  THEODORE  LORENZO,  college 
president,  was  born  June  25,  1842,  in 
Easton,  Pa.  In  1886  he  was  elected  pres 
ident  of  the  Muhlenberg  college,  Pa., 
which  position  he  still  holds. 

SEISS,  JOSEPH  AUGUSTUS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  18,  1823. 
in  Grace>ham,  Md.  He  is  an  eminent  lu- 
theran  clergyman  of  Philadelphia,  pastor 
of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Communion, 
and  a  voluminous  writer  on  religious 
themes.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Gospel 
in  the  Stars;  The  Miracle  in  Stone,  a  re 
statement  of  Piazzi  Smyth's  famous  the 
ory  of  the  Pyramid:  Lectures  on  the  Apo 
calypse;  Lectures  on  the  Epistle  to  the 
Hebrews;  Luther  and  the  Reformation; 
The  Lutheran  Church;  Recreation  Songs; 
Life  After  Death;  Right  Life;  The  Chil 
dren  of  Silence,  the  Story  of  the  Deaf; 
Christ's  Descent  into  Hell;  The  Last 
Times;  and  Voices  from  Babylon. 

SELDEN,  DUDLEY,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the 
New  York  bar;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1833  to 
1835.  He  died  Nov.  7,  1855,  in  Paris, 
France. 


SELDEN,  HENRY  ROGERS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1805,  in 
Lyme,  Conn.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  his 
brother,  and  he  was  afterward  elected  for 
a  full  term,  but  resigned  in  1864.  He  pub 
lished  Reports,  New  York  Court  of  Ap 
peals,  1851-54,  in  six  volumes.  He  died 
Sept.  18,  1885,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

SELDEN,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  Arkansas;  and 
in  1820  was  appointed  judge  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Arkansas. 

SELDEN,  SAMUEL  LEE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Oct.  12,  1800.  in  Lyme,  Conn. 
He  began  to  practice  law  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  in  1825,  was  chancery  clerk  and 
first  judge  of  common  pleas  in  Monroe 
county  for  many  years,  and  in  1847  was 
elected  justice  of  the  supreme  court.  In 
1856  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  court  of 
appeals,  which  place  he  resigned  in  1862. 
He  died  Sept.  20,  1876,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

SELFRIDGE,  THOMAS  OLIVER,  naval 
officer,  was  born  April  24,  1804,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  became  a  rear  admiral  on  the 
retired  list  in  1870. 

SELFRIDGE,  THOMAS  OLIVER,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1837,  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.  In  1870  he  was  the  com 
mander  of  the  Darien  exploring  expedi 
tion. 

SELIGMAN,  EDWIN  ROBERT  AN 
DERSON,  educator,  author,  was  born  in 
1861,  in  New  York.  He  is  a  professor  of 
political  economy  and  finance  in  Colum 
bia  college,  and  the  author  of  Chapters  on 
Mediee\al  Guilds  in  England;  Owen  and 
the  Christian  Socialists;  Railway  Tariffs; 
Shifting  and  Incidence  of  Taxation;  Pro 
gressive  Taxation  in  Theory  and  Practice; 
and  Essays  on  Taxation. 

SELKIRK,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  13,  18U9,  in  Waterbury, 
Conn.  He  was  ordained  deacon  in  the 
protestant  episcopal  church,  and  became 
priest  in  1844.  He  was  then  rector  of 
Trinity  church,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  which 
he  continued  until  1884,  when  he  became 
rector  emeritus.  He  has  published  An 
Address  on  the  Laying  of  the  Corner- 
Stone  of  Trinity  Church;  and  History  of 
Trinity  Church. 

SELLERS,  COLEMAN,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  Jan.  28,  1827,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  In  1889  he  was  called  upon  to  advise 
as  to  the  development  of  the  water  power 
of  Niagara  Falls,  and  chiefly  upon  his 
advice  was  that  work  undertaken;  and  he 
is  now  president  and  chief  engineer  of  the 
Niagara  Falls  Power  Co.  He  has  occu 
pied  the  position  of  president  of  the 
Franklin  institute,  Pa.;  and  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Museum  and  School  of  Indus 
trial  Art. 

SELLERS,  JAMES  P.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1849,  in  Decatur 
county,  Tenn.  He  has  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Arkansas  state  legislature  for 
five  terms;  and  is  well  known  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  Perryville,  Ark. 

SELLERS,  L.  M.,  journalist,  legislator, 
was  born  July  2,  1848,  in  Franklin  county, 
Pa.  This  successful  journalist  of  Cedar 
Springs,  Mich.,  has  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Michigan  state  legislature;  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  con 
vention  in  1892. 

SELLSTEDT,  LARS  GUSTAF,  artist, 
was  born  April  30,  1819,  in  Sweden.  He 
has  devoted  himself  chiefly  to  portraiture, 
his  works  in  that  line  including  Solomon 
G.  Haven;  George  W.  Clinton;  and  Mil- 
lard  Fillmore. 


SELPH,  E.  E.,  lawyer,  public  official, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1860,  in  Salem,  Ore.  He 
is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Tilli- 
mook,  Ore.;  has  been  mayor  of  that  city; 
city  attorney;  deputy  district  attorney; 
and  is  now  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  McMinnville  college,  in  which 
institution  he  received  his  education. 

SELVAGE,  THOMAS  HENRY,  lawyer, 
orator,  was  born  April  22,  1857,  in  Orient, 
Maine.  In  1888  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  and  is  now  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Eureka,  Cal.  He  has  been  district  attor 
ney  of  Humboldt  county;  secretary  of  the 
Humboldt  chamber  of  commerce;  and 
took  an  active  part  as  a  platform  speaker 
during  the  presidential  election  of  1896 
for  McKinley  and  Hobart.  He  is  an  as 
tute  lawyer,  and  a  prominent  member  in 
various  fraternal  orders. 

SELYE,  LEWIS,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  11,  1808,  in  Chit- 
tenango,  N.  Y.  He  became  extensively  en 
gaged  in  the  manufacturing  business  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  seven  years 
the  treasurer  of  the  county;  and  in  1866 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  fortieth  congress. 

SEMLING,  C.  KNUTE,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  June  8,  1865,  in  Norway. 
He  has  been  principally  engaged  in  edu 
cational  work;  was  professor  in  Druflat 
college  of  Portland,  N.  D.;  was  editor  of 
the  Northwest  Standard  at  Grafton,  N.  D. ; 
has  been  justice  of  the  peace  of  Halsted; 
and  during  1892-94  was  proprietor  of  the 
Halsted  Reporter.  He  now  resides  in 
Gary,  Minn.,  engaged  in  journalistic  work. 

SEMMES,  ALEXANDER  JENKINS, 
clergyman,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
17,  1828,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.  He  was  a 
surgeon  in  the  confederate  navy  who  be 
came  a  Roman  catholic  clergyman,  presi 
dent  of  Pio  Nono  college,  Macon,  Ga., 
from  1886.  He  is  the  author  of  Medical 
Sketches  of  Paris;  Gunshot  Wounds;  and 
Notes  from  a  Surgical  JDiary. 

SEMMES,  BENEDICT  J.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
1,  1789,  in  Charles  county,  Md.  In  1821  he 
was  elected  to  the  Maryland  state  legisla 
ture;  was  again  elected  in  1825,  1827  and 
1828,  and  during  one  season  was  chosen 
speaker  of  the  house  of  delegates.  In  1829 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland;  and  was  re-elected 
in  1831.  He  again  served  in  the  state  leg 
islature  in  1842  and  1843. 

SEMMES,  RAPHAEL,  naval  officer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1809,  in  Charles 
county,  Md.  He  was  a  celebrated  naval 
officer  in  the  confed 
erate  service  during 
the  civil  war  as  com 
mander  of  the  Ala 
bama.  He  was  the 
author  of  Service 
Afloat  and  Ashore 
During  the  Mexican 
War;  Campaign  of 
General  Scott  in  the 
Valley  of  Mexico; 
The  Cruise  of  the 
Alabama;  and  Me 
moirs  of  Service 
Afloat  During  the  War  Between  the 
States.  He  died  Aug.  30,  1877,  in  Mobile, 
Ala. 

SEMMES,  THOMAS  JENKINS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1824,  in  George 
town,  D.  C.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of  New 
Orleans,  La.;  and  represented  his  state 
in  the  confederate  senate.  During  1873-79 
he  filled  the  chair  of  civil  law  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Indiana.  In  1887  he  was  pres 
ident  of  the  American  Bar  association. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SEMPLE.  EUGENE,  lawyer,  governor, 
was  born  June  12,  1840,  in  Bogota,  New 
Granada.  South  America.  He  graduated 
from  the  law  school  of  the  Cincinnati 
university  in  1863;  was  a  practicing  law 
yer  in  Portland,  Ore.,  in  1864;  editor  of 
the  Daily  Oregon  Herald  in  1869;  and 
state  printer  of  Oregon  in  1872.  He  was 
governor  of  Washington  territory  in  1888; 
candidate  of  the  democratic  party  for  go\- 
ernor  of  Washington  in  1889;  and  harbor 
line  commissioner  of  the  state  in  1891. 
In  1897  he  became  president  of  the  Seat 
tle  and  Lake  Washington  Waterway  Co. 

SEMPLE,  JAMES,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan_  5.  1798, 
in  Greene  county,  Ky.  He  was  colonel 
of  an  Illinois  regiment  in  the  Black  Hawk 
war;  brigadier-general  of  the  militia; 
speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives; 
attorney  general;  chief  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  and  senator  in  congress  from 
Illinois;  and  minister  to  New  Grenada 
from  the  United  States.  He  took  a  prom 
inent  part  in  the  agitation  for  settling 
and  holding  the  Oregon  country,  making 
speeches  in  that  behalf  in  the  Mississippi 
valley  in  1842,  and  introducing,  Jan.  8, 
1844,  in  the  United  States  senate,  a  reso 
lution  directing  the  president  of  the 
United  States  to  give  notice  to  his  Britan 
nic  majesty  of  the  desire  of  this  country 
to  abrogate  the  treaty  by  which  the  two 
countries  jointly  occupied  the  Pacific  coast 
of  America,  from  the  Mexican  province  of 
California  to  the  Russian  province  of 
Alaska.  He  died  Dec.  20,  1866,  in  Elsah 
Landing,  111. 

SEMPLE,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Nov.  12,  1851,  in  Wilkinson  county. 
Miss.  In  1869  he  graduated  from  the  Vir 
ginia  Military  insti 
tute  of  Lexington, 
and  receh  ed  the  de 
gree  of  bachelor  of 
law  from  Washing 
ton  college  in  1870. 
The  following  year 
he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar;  moved  to 
Louisiana,  and  began 
practice  at  New 
Rhodes,  which  has 
since  been  his  home. 
He  has  been  district 
attorney  and  district  judge;  and  has  filled 
various  other  public  offices  of  trust  and 
honor.  He  has  contributed  extensively 
both  prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical 
press;  and  while  at  college  was  assistant 
professor  of  languages  at  the  Virginia 
Military  institute  during  1869-70. 

SEMPLE,  ROBERT  BAYLOR,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1769.  in 
Virginia.  He  was  a  noted  baptist  clergy 
man  of  Virginia;  and  the  author  of  A 
History  of  the  Virginia  Baptists;  and 
other  works.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1831.  in 
Fredericksburg,  Va. 

SENEFF,  MICHAEL  BURNS  LOOR, 
educator,  clergyman,  college  president, 
was  born  Jan.  27.  1862,  in  Fayette  county, 
Pa.  Since  1895  this  eminent  clergyman 
has  been  president  of  Westfield  college, 
111. 

SENER,  JAMES  BEVERLY,  journalist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
May  18,  1837,  in  Fredericksburg,  Va.  He 
was  sergeant  of  the  city  of  Fredericksburg 
in  1863;  was  army  correspondent  of  the 
southern  associated  press  with  General 
Lee's  army  during  the  civil  war;  and  from 
18b5  was  editor  of  the  Fredericksburg 
ledger.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Virginia  to  the  forty-third  congress. 
He  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  territory  of  Wyoming 
In  1879. 


SENEY.     GEORGE    EBBERT,     lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  author,  was  born  May 
29,   1832,   in  Uniontown,   Pa.     In  1857  he 
__  was  elected  judge  of 

the  common  pleas 
court,  and  served 
five  years.  He  served 
as  a  commissioned 
officer  in  the  union 
army  during  the 
civil  war.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  dem 
ocratic  national  con 
vention  of  1870.  He 
was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio 
to  the  forty-eighth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses. 
In  1887  he  was  chairman  of  the  democratic 
state  convention  of  Ohio.  He  was  the 
author  of  Seney's  Code  of  Procedure. 

SENEY.  GEORGE  INGRAHAM,  philan 
thropist,  banker,  was  born  May  12,  1826, 
in  Astoria,  L.  I.  He  rose  from  the  post 
of  paying  teller  in  the  Metropolitan  bank. 
New  York  city,  to  the  presidency  of  that 
institution,  holding  the  latter  office  in 
1877-84.  He  founded  the  Seney  scholar 
ships  and  largely  endowed  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  and  has  contributed  to  miscel 
laneous  charities  more  than  $400.000. 

SENEY,  JOSHUA,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1750,  on  eastern  shore  of  Mary 
land.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  in  1787  and  1788;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1789  to  1792.  He  was  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1792.  He  died  in  1799,  in 
Maryland. 

SENN,  NICHOLAS,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  31,  1844,  in  Switzerland. 
In  1890  .he  was  appointed  surgeon-general 
of  Wisconsin;  and  now  holds  the  same 
position  in  Illinois.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Surgical  Bacteriology;  Intestinal  Sur 
gery;  Principles  of  Surgery;  and  Syllabus 
of  Surgery. 

SENTER,  DEWITT  C..  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Tennessee  in  1869-71. 

SENTER,  ISAAC,  physician,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  in  1755,  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  was  a  surgeon  in  the  revolu 
tionary  army,  and  accompanied  Benedict 
Arnold's  expedition  to  Quebec,  an  .inter 
esting  account  of  which  he  published  in 
the  Bulletin  of  the  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  died  Dec.  20,  1799,  in 
Newport,  R.  I. 

SENTER,  WILLIAM  T.,  congressman, 
was  bcrn  in  1802,  in  Granger  county, 
Tenn.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1843  to  1845. 
He  died  Aug.  28,  1849. 

SERFASS,  TILGHMAN  H.,  educator, 
was  born  Aug.  17,  1855,  in  Gilbert,  Pa. 
He  attended  Weaversville  academy,  Ship- 
pensburg  State  Normal  school,  and  the 
Muhlenburg  college.  For  eight  years  he 
taught  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
city,  and  for  four  years  was  vice-prin 
cipal  of  Fain  lew  academy.  Then  for 
seven  years  he  was  principal  of  Fairview 
academy;  was  elected  superintendent  of 
schools  in  1893,  and  received  the  re-elec 
tion  in  1896. 

SERGEANT,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1779.  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  elected  from  Pennsyl 
vania  a  representative  to  congress,  and 
served  from  1815  to  1823,  from  1827  to 
1829,  and  from  1837  to  1842.  He  was  es 
pecially  famous  for  his  part  in  the  great 
Missouri  compromise  in  1820.  In  1832  he 
was  the  whig  candidate  for  vice-president, 
being  upon  the  same  ticket  with  Henry 
Clay.  He  died  Nov.  25,  1852,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 


SERGEANT,  JONATHAN  DICKINSON, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1746,  in 
Newark,  N.  J.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
continental  congress  in  1776  and  1777; 
and  took  his  seat  a  few  days  after  the 
declaration  of  independence.  In  1777  he 
became  attorney-general  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  died  Oct.  8,  1793,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SERGEANT,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1782,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  jurist,  and 
the  author  of  Treatise  on  the  Law  of 
Pennsylvania  Relating  to  Proceedings  by 
Foreign  Attachment;  Constitutional  Law; 
View  of  the  Land  Laws  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  Sketch  of  the  National  Judiciary  Pow 
ers.  He  died  May  8,  1860,  in  Philadelphia. 

SERVICE,  FRANCIS  G.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  removed  to 
Ohio,  from  which  state  he  was  appointed 
an  associate  justice  for  the  territory  of 
Montana,  residing  at  Virginia  City. 

SESSION,  WALTER  L.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Bran 
don,  \t.  He  was  commissioner  of  schools 
for  several  years;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  in  1853  and  1854;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1859 
and  1865.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  forty-second 
and  forty-third  congresses;  and  in  1884 
was  elected  a  representative  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SESSUMS,  DAVIS,  bishop  of  Louisiana, 
was  born  July  7,  1858,  in  Houston,  Texas. 
He  is  an  eloquent  orator,  and  a  metaphy 
sician  of  some  note.  He  has  published 
\arious  metaphysical  theses,  together  with 
some  episcopal  addresses,  lectures  and  ser 
mons. 

SETH,  JAMES,  educator,  author,  was 
btrn  in  1860,  in  Scotland.  He  is  a  profes 
sor  of  moral  philosophy  in  Cornell  univer 
sity  from  1896,  and  the  author  of  A  Study 
of  Ethical  Principles. 

SETON,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  ANN 
[BAYLEY],  author,  was  born  Aug.  28, 
1774.  in  New  York  city.  She  was  the 
founder  and  first  superior  of  the  order  of 
Sisters  of  Charity  in  the  United  States. 
After  the  death  of  her  husband  she  be 
came  a  Roman  catholic,  took  the  veil  as 
a  sister  of  charity  in  1809,  and  in  1812 
founded  at  Emmettsburg,  Md.,  the  first 
American  house  of  the  order.  She  was  the 
author  of  a  volume  entitled  Memoirs  of 
Mrs.  Seton,  written  by  Herself:  A 
Fragment  of  Real  History,  which  was 
published  in  1817.  She  died  Jan.  4,  Io21, 
in  Emmettsburg,  Md. 

SETON,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  28,  1839,  in  Italy.  He  is 
a  Roman  catholic  clergyman  of  Jersey 
City,  dean  of  the  monsignori  in  the 
United  States,  and  the  author  of  Memoirs, 
Letters  and  Journal  of  E.  Seton;  and  Es 
says  on  Various  Subjects,  principally 
Roman. 

SETON,  WILLIAM,  naval  officer,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1835,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  naval  officer  of 
the  United  States,  and  the  author  of  Ro 
mance  of  the  Charter  Oak:  The  Pride  of 
Lexington;  Rachel's  Fate,  and  Other 
Tales;  The  Poor  Millionaire;  The  Sham 
rock  Gone  West;  Moida,  a  Tale  of  the 
Tyrol;  and  The  Pioneer,  a  poem. 

SETTLE,  EVAN  E.,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1848, 
in  Frankfort,  Ky.  He  was  elected  county 
attorney  from  Owenton.  Ky.,  in  1878,  re- 
elected  in  1882,  and  again  in  1886.  He  re 
signed  in  1887,  and  was  twice  elected  to 
the  Kentucky  legislature,  and  served  in 
that  body  in  sessions  of  1887-88  and  1889- 
90.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


833 


SETTLE,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1791, 
in  Rockingham  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  legislature  of  that 
state  in  1815,  and  in  1826-28;  at  which  last 
session  he  was  speaker  of  the  house  of 
commons.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1817  to  1821;  in  1832  was 
chosen  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  law 
and  equity,  and  held  the  office  for  twenty 
years.  He  died  Aug.  5,  1857,  in  Rocking 
ham  county,  N.  C. 

SETTLE,  THOMAS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  23,  1831,  in  Rockingham  county, 
N.  C.  In  1854  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  the  North  Carolina  legislature; 
and  was  re-elected  in  1856  and  1858,  serv 
ing  as  speaker  of  the  house  during  his  last 
term.  In  1859  and  1862  he  was  elected  so 
licitor  of  the  fourth  circuit,  holding  the 
office  until  1865.  In  the  latter  year  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention,  and  in  the  fall  of  the 
same  year  was  elected  a  state  senator. 
In  1868  he  was  elected  a  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  North  Carolina;  and  in 
1872  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  North  Carolina,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
In  1877  he  was  appointed  United  States 
district  judge  for  the  northern  district  of 
Florida. 

SETTLE,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  10,  1865,  in  Rocking 
ham  county,  N.  C.  He  was  nominated 
by  the  republican  party  a  candidate  for 
congress  in  1892,  and  elected;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  from 
Reidsville,  N.  C. 

SEVER,  ANNE  ELIZABETH  PAR 
SONS,  benefactor,  was  born  May  29,  1810, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  She  bequeathed  $100,000 
to  Harvard  to  build  a  hall  for  undergrad 
uates,  which  should  be  called  by  her 
name,  and  $20,000  for  the  purchase  of 
books  for  its  library.  She  also  willed  $10,- 
000  to  the  Boston  children's  hospital,  and 
$5,000  each  to  five  benevolent  institutions 
in  that  city,  $5,000  to  the  New  England 
historic-genealogical  society,  and  an  equal 
sum  to  the  General  Theological  library, 
to  the  Boston  training  school  for  nurses, 
and  the  Connecticut  retreat  for  the  insane. 
She  died  Dec.  15,  1879,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SEVERANCE,  LUTHER,  journalist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
28,  1797,  in  Montague,  Mass.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  Kennebec  Journal,  and  ed 
itor  from  1825  to  1849.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Maine  from 
1S43  to  1847;  and  was  frequently  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maine  legislature,  serving  five 
years  in  the  assembly  and  two  years  in 
the  senate.  He  died  Jan.  25,  1855,  in  Au 
gusta,  Maine. 

SEVERANCE,  MARK  SIBLEY,  author, 
was  born  in  1846,  in  Massachusetts.  He 
is  the  author  of  Hammersmith:  his  Har 
vard  Days,  a  novel. 

SEVERY,  MELVIN  LINWOOD,  dram 
atist,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1863,  in  Mel- 
rose,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  a  dozen 
plays  and  a  volume  entitled  Pleur-de-Lis. 
He  is  also  a  lecturer  and  instructor  of 
oratory  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SEVIER,  AMBROSE  HUNDLEY,  law 
yer,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Nov.  4,  1801,  in  Green  county. 
Tenn.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Arkansas  state  legislature;  first  in  1823 
and  again  in  1825.  From  1827  to  1836  he 
was  a  delegate  to  congress  from  Arkan 
sas;  when  the  territory  became  a  state, 
in  1836,  he  was  elected  a  senator  to 
congress.  He  died  Dec.  21,  1848,  in  Little 
Rock,  Ark. 

53 


SEVIER,  JOHN,  soldier,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  in  1744,  in  Tennessee. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  in  1790  and  1791;  from 
1796  to  1801,  and  1803  to  1809  was  gov 
ernor  of  Tennessee;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Tennessee  from  1811 
to  1815.  He  was  then  appointed  one  of 
the  commissioners  to  ascertain  the  boun 
dary  line  of  the  Creek  territory.  He  died 
Sept.  24,  1815,  in  Fort  Decatur,  I.  T. 

SEVIER,  JOHN,  pioneer,  was  born  Sept. 
23,  1745,  in  Rockingham  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  pioneer  in  North  Carolina;  and 
served  several  terms  in  the  legislature  of 
that  state  from  Wapauga.  He  was  also 
a  district  judge,  and  filled  various  other 
positions  of  honor. 

SEWALL,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Oct.  7,  1735,  in  York,  Maine.  He  was 
representative  for  York  in  1776;  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  council  of  Mas 
sachusetts;  and  was  appointed  in  1777 
a  justice  of  the  superior  court.  From  1789 
till  1818  he  was  United  States  judge  for 
the  district  of  Maine.  He  died  Oct.  22, 
1825,  in  York,  Maine. 

SEWALL,  FRANK,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1837,  in  Maine.  He  is  a 
Swedenborgian  clergyman  of  Washington, 
and  the  author  of  Moody  Mike,  or  the 
Power  of  Love;  The  Hem  of  His  Gar 
ment;  The  Pillow  of  Stones;  The  New 
Ethics;  The  New  Metaphysics;  and  An- 
gelo  and  Ariel. 

SEWALL,  MRS.  HARRIET  [WINS- 
LOW],  poet,  was  born  in  1819,  in  Maine. 
She  was  a  religious  poet  of  Boston,  some 
of  whose  lyrics  are  found  in  the  antho 
logies.  A  collection  of  her  Poems,  with 
Memoir  by  Mrs.  E.  Cheney,  appeared  in 
1889.  She  died  in  1889. 

SEWALL,  JOHN  SMITH,  clergyman, 
educator,  was  born  March  20,  1830,  in 
Newcastle,  Maine.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
congregational  church  at  Wenham,  Mass., 
till  1867,  when  he  became  professor  of 
rhetoric  and  English  literature  at  Bow- 
doin.  He  exchanged  this  chair  in  1875  for 
that  of  homiletics  at  Bangor  Theological 
seminary. 

SEWALL,  JOSEPH  ADDISON,  college 
president,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Maine. 
In  1877  he  was  elected  the  first  president 
of  the  university  of  Colorado,  serving  un 
til  1888. 

SEWALL,  JOTHAM,  clergyman,  was 
born  Jan.  1,  1760,  in  York,  Maine.  His 
ministry  extended  over  a  period  of  fifty 
years,  and  in  this  time  he  preached  four 
and  a  half  times  on  an  average  every 
week.  His  field  was  confined  chiefly  to 
Maine  and  parts  of  New  Hampshire  and 
Rhode  Island.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1850,  in 
Chesterville,  Maine. 

SEWALL,  MAY  WRIGHT,  educator, 
lecturer,  writer,  was  born  May  27,  1844, 
in  Greenfield,  Wis.  She  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  her  educa 
tion  in  the  district 
schools;  attended  the 
Tafton  academy  and 
Northwestern  uni 
versity.  She  has 
been  president  of  the 
National  Council  of 
Women  of  the 
United  States;  presi 
dent  of  the  Propy- 
laeum  association  of 
Indianapolis;  and 
president  of  the 
Ramabai  Circle  of  Indianapolis.  She  has 
contributed  to  the  press  on  historical,  lit 
erary  and  reform  subjects;  a  large  number 
of  pamphlets  and  monographs  on  educa 
tional  and  reform  topics;  and  her  public 


addresses  have  been  very  numerous.  She 
is  now  engaged  in  educational  work  in 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and  has  charge  of  the 
Girls'  Classical  school  of  that  city,  of 
which  her  husband  was  the  founder. 

SEWALL,  RUFUS  KING,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1814,  in  Edgecomb, 
Maine.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Wiscasset, 
Maine,  and  the  author  of  Lectures  on  the 
Holy  Spirit;  Sketches  of  St.  Augustine; 
and  Ancient  Dominions  of  Maine. 

SEWALL,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  28,  1652,  in  England. 
He  was  a  noted  jurist  of  Boston,  best  re 
membered  for  his  connection  with  the 
Salem  witchcraft  trials.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Selling  of  Joseph;  Answer  to 
Queries  Respecting  America;  Accomplish 
ment  of  Prophecies;  Memorial  Relating  to 
the  Kennebec  Indians;  and  Description  of 
the  New  Heaven.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1730,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

SEWALL,  SAMUEL,  civil  engineer,  in 
ventor,  was  born  in  1724,  in  York,  Maine. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  to  drive 
piles  as  a  foundation  for  bridges,  intro 
ducing  this  device  at  York  in  1761.  In 
1786  he  erected  the  Charlestown  bridge 
on  this  plan.  He  died  July  28,  1815,  in 
York,  Maine. 

SEWALL,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  1,  1785,  in  Marblehead, 
Mass.  He  was  pastor  of  the  congrega 
tional  church  at  Burlington,  Mass.,  from 
1814  till  his  death.  He  was  fond  of  anti 
quarian  studies,  and  left  a  History  of 
Woburn,  Mass.,  from  the  Grant  of  Its 
Territory  to  Charlestown  in  1640  to  1860. 
He  died  Feb.  18,  1868,  in  Burlington,  Mass. 

SEWALL,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1757,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  In  1796  he  was  elected  from 
Massachusetts  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  serving  until  i800.  In  1800  he  was 
placed  upon  the  bench  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Massachusetts,  and  in  1813  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  that  court.  He 
died  June  8,  1814,  in  Wiscasset,  Maine. 

SEWALL,  STEPHEN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Dec.  18,  1704,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
He  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Massachusetts.  In  1752  he  was 
made  chief  justice,  and  he  served  in  that 
capacity,  and  also  as  a  member  of  the 
council,  till  the  close  of  his  life.  He  died 
Sept.  10,  1760. 

SEWALL.  STEPHEN,  scholar,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  4,  1734,  in  York, 
Maine.  He  was  a  Hebrew  scholar,  pro 
fessor  of  Hebrew  at  Harvard  college  in 
1765-85,  among  wihose  writings  are,  He 
brew  Grammar;  Scripture  Account  of  the 
Shechinah;  and  Carmina  Sacra  quae  La- 
tine  Grseceque  condidit  America.  He  died 
July  23,  1804,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SEWALL,  THEODORE  LORETT,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1853,  in  German- 
town,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  classical  and  commercial  academy  of 
Wilmington,  Del.;  and  graduated  from 
Harvard  in  1874,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B. ; 
and  from  the  Harvard  Law  school  two 
years  later.  The  same  year  he  opened  the 
Boys'  Classical  school  at  Indianapolis; 
and  in  1882  founded  the  Girls'  Classical 
school  in  the  same  city,  of  which  his  wife* 
Mrs.  May  Wright  Sewall,  is  principal. 
For  ten  years  he  was  secretary  of  the  In 
dianapolis  Literary  club,  and  was  one  year 
its  president.  For  five  years  he  was  sec 
retary  of  the  Contemporary  club;  founder 
and  secretary  of  the  Indiana  Harvard; 
club;  and  is  interested  in  various  reforms* 
civil  service  reform,  higher  education, 
and  in  the  political  enfranchisement  of 
women. 


834 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SEWARD,  CLARENCE  ARMSTRONG, 
lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1828,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  judge-advocate-gen- 
eral  of  the  state  of  New  York  in  1856-60. 
After  the  attempted  assassination  of  Sec 
retary  Seward  and  his  son,  Frederick  W., 
he  was  appointed  acting  assistant  secre 
tary  of  state. 

SEWARD,  FREDERICK  A.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  New  York. 
He  was  for  several  years  an  assistant  sec 
retary  of  the  state  department;  in  1866 
was  commissioned  to  negotiate  for  the 
cession  of  Samana  Bay;  and  was  subse 
quently  elected  to  the  legislature  of  New 
York. 

SEWARD,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
journalist,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  July 
8,  1830,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  He  was  as 
sociate  editor  of  the  Albany  Evening  Jour 
nal  till  1861,  when  he  was  appointed  as 
sistant  secretary  of  state,  which  office  he 
held  for  the  eight  years  that  his  father 
was  secretary.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  legislature  in  1875.  He  was 
assistant  secretary  of  state  again  in  1877- 
81.  His  principal  publication  is  the  Life 
and  Letters  of  his  father. 

SEWARD.  GEORGE  FREDERICK,  dip 
lomat,  author,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1840,  in 
Florida,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  nephew  of  W.  H 
Seward,  and  minister  to  China  in  1876-80 
He  was  the  author  of  Chinese  Immigra 
tion  in  Its  Social  and  Economical  As 
pects. 

SEWARD,  JAMES  L.,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  In  1836  he  was  elected  to  the 
Georgia  state  legislature,  serving  several 
years.  He  entered  congress  in  1853,  as  a 
representative  from  Georgia,  and  contin 
ued  there  to  the  close  of  the  thirty-fifth 
congress. 

SEWARD,  THEODORE  FRELING- 
HUYSEN,  editor,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
25,  1897,  in  Florida,  N.  Y.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  Seward  institute  of  his 
native  city;  at  the  Normal  Musical  insti 
tute  of  New  York  city;  and  in  London, 
England.  He  was  for  many  years  the 
editor  of  the  New  York  Musical  Gazette, 
and  the  Musical  Reform;  and  for  many 
years  was  professor  of  Music  Teacher's 
college  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  School  of  Life;  Heaven  Every 
Day;  and  of  many  music  books  for  church 
and  social  use.  He  was  the  founder  of 
the  Brotherhood  of  Christian  Unity,  of 
Kast  Orange,  N.  J.:  and  is  still  its  man 
ager. 

SEWARD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  author,  was  born  May  16, 
1801.  in  Florida,  N.  Y.  In  1830  he  was 
elected  to  the  state 
senate  for  four  years. 
In  1834  he  was  an 
unsuccessful  candi 
date  for  governor  of 
the  state;  in  1838 
was  renominated 
and  was  elected  for 
two  years;  and  was 
re-elected  for  two 
years.  In  1849  he 
was  chosen  a  senator 
in  congress  from 
New  York  for  six 
years;  and  was  re-elected  in  1855,  and 
held  the  position  until  he  became  secre 
tary  of  state,  under  President  Lincoln,  in 
1861.  In  1849  published  the  Life  and  Pub 
lic  Services  of  John  Quincy  Adams;  and 
his  own  life  and  collected  speeches  were 
published  in  four  volumes,  between  1853 
and  1862.  He  was  also  the  author  of 
Orations  and  Speeches;  Diplomatic 
History  of  the  Civil  War;  and  Travels 
Around  the  World.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1872, 
in  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


SEWELL,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1735,  in  York, 
Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
legislature;  was  chosen  councilor;  and  in 
1777  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  su 
perior  court.  From  1789  to  1818  he  was 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
of  Maine.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1825,  in  York, 
Maine. 

SEWELL,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  from  Maryland  in 
the  third  session  of  the  twenty-seventh 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

SEWELL,  WILLIAM  JOYCE,  soldier, 
United  Staies  senator,  was  born  Dec.  6, 
1835.  in  Ireland.  He  served  in  the  mer- 
_  chant  marine  for  a 

^HMflB  l'<'w  years;  then  went 
1  to  Chicago,  111.,  and 
engaged  in  business. 
He  entered  the  union 
army  in  1861  as  a 
captain,  and  was 
mustered  out  of  ser 
vice  at  the  close  of 
the  war  as  a  brevet 
major  -  general.  HP 
served  in  the  state 
senate  of  New  Jer 
sey  nine  years,  three 
years  as  president  of  the  senate.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  all  the  republican  national 
conventions  from  1876  to  1896;  and  was 
elected  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  New  Jersey  for  the  term  of  six 
years  from  March  4,  1881;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1895  for  term  expiring  in  1901. 

SEXTON,  HENRY  D.,  financier,  was 
born  Nov.  18,  1854,  in  East  St.  Louis,  111. 
He  has  been  a  successful  real  estate  deal 
er,  financier,  and  insurance  broker  of  East 
St.  Louis,  111.  He  is  now  vice-president 
of  the  Workingmen's  Banking  company; 
president  of  the  Second  Mutual  Loan  as 
sociation;  president  of  the  State  Savings 
and  Loan  association;  vice-president  of 
the  East  St.  Louis  Electric  Street  Rail 
road  company;  secretary  and  treasurer  of 
the  Citizens'  Electric  Light  and  Power 
company;  and  president  of  the  Main 
Street  Safe  Deposit  company.  He  is  also 
prominent  in  various  other  business  enter 
prises,  and  takes  an  active  part  in  public 
affairs. 

SEXTON,  JAMES  A.,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1844,  in  Chicago, 
111.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  private  sol 
dier;  was  commis 
sioned  a  first  lieu 
tenant;  and  partici 
pated  in  nearly  all 
the  campaigns  of  the 
army  of  the  Tennes 
see.  After  the  war 
he  remained  two 
years  in  Alabama; 
and  in  1867  returned 
t  o  Chicago  and 
founded  the  firm  of 
J.  A  and  T.  8.  Sex 
ton,  which  after  the 

Chicago  fire  was  succeeded  by  Cribben, 
Sexton  and  Company.  This  firm  is  still 
in  the  business  as  manufacturers  of  stoves, 
hollow-ware,  and  plumbers'  supplies,  and 
has  become  widely  known  throughout  the 
United  States.  During  1889-93  he  was 
postmaster  of  Chicago.  He  has  been  a 
presidential  elector;  a  colonel  in  the  Illi 
nois  national  guard;  and  has  held  various 
other  positions  of  honor  in  his  native 
state.  In  1898  he  became  grand  com 
mander  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re 
public. 

SEXTON,  LEONIDAS,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  19,  1827,  in  Rush- 
ville,  Ind.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Indiana  state  legislature  in  1856;  lieuten 


ant-governor  from  1873  to  1877;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SEXTON,  PLINY  T.,  lawyer,  banker, 
was  born  June  12,  1840,  in  Palmyra,  N.  Y. 
He  is  president  of  the  First  National  bank 
of  Palmyra,  of  which  city  he  was  presi 
dent  for  four  years.  He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  education  for  six 
years;  and  in  1890  was  elected  regent  of 
the  university  of  the  state  of  New  York, 
which  is  a  life  position. 

SEYBERT,  ADAM,  chemist,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  May  16,  1773.  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia 
chemist;  and  a  member  of  congress  from 
1809  to  1815,  and  again  from  1817  to  1819. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Statistical  An 
nals  of  the  United  States.  1789-1818.  It  was 
in  a  notice  of  this  book  for  The  Edin 
burgh  Review  that  Sydney  Smith  made 
the  famous  query,  Who  reads  an  Ameri 
can  book?  He  died  May  2,  1825,  in  Paris, 
France. 

SEYFFARTH,  GUSTAVUS,  scientist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  July  13,  1796, 
in  Saxony.  He  was  a  German  scientist 
who  was  professor  of  oriental  archaeology 
at  Leipzig  university  in  1825-55,  and,  com 
ing  to  America  in  the  latter  year,  was 
professor  at  Concordia  seminary  in  St 
Ixniis  in  1855-71.  The  remainder  of  his 
life  was  passed  in  New  York  city.  Among 
his  voluminous  writings  are,  Rudimenta 
Hieroglyphica;  Grammatica  yTCgyptiaca; 
and  Egyptian  Theology  according  to  a 
Paris  Mummy  Coffin.  He  died  Nov.  17. 
1885,  in  New  York  city. 

SEYMOUR,  AUGUSTUS  SHERRILL. 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  30,  1836,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  moved 
to  Newberne,  N.  C..  and  was  appointed 
criminal  judge  of  that  city  in  1868.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  from  1868  to  1870;  was  a  member  of 
the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1871;  and  state  senator  from  1872  to  1874. 
He  was  judge  of  the  state  superior  court 
from  1874  to  1882;  and  in  1882  became 
United  States  district  judge. 

SEYMOUR,  CHARLES  B.,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1829  in  England.  In 
1849  he  became  connected  with  the  New 
York  Times,  serving  as  musical  and  dra 
matic  editor  until  his  death.  He  was  cor 
respondent  for  the  Times  at  the  Paris 
exposition  of  1867,  where  his  services  as 
one  of  the  American  commission  procured 
him  a  medal  from  the  emperor.  He  was 
the  author  of  Self-Made  Men.  He  died 
May  2,  1869,  in  New  York  city. 

SEYMOUR,  CHARLES  W.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  June  4,  1838,  in  Hart 
ford,  Ohio.  In  1860  he  graduated  from 

the    Ohio    Wesleyan 

university,  and  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of 
A.  B.  and  A.  M.  Dur 
ing  1862-64  he  served 
with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Ne 
braska  legislature. 
During  the  civil  war 
he  served  in  the 
union  army.  For 
twenty-five  years  he 
hag  been  master  In 
chancery,  and  United 
States  commissioner  for  the  same  number 
of  years.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  law 
yers  of  the  west  in  Nebraska  City;  has 
been  city  attorney  for  eight  years:  chair 
man  of  the  republican  state  central  com 
mittee;  a  thirty-second  degree  member  of 
the  Knight  Templars;  and  has  filled  va 
rious  high  offices  in  masonry  and  other 
fraternal  orders. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


833 


SEYMOUR,  DAVID  L.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1802  in  Connec 
ticut.  In  1836  he  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  state  legislature;  and  was  a 
master  in  chancery.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1843  to  1845,  and  from  1851  to  1853.  He 
died  Oct.  11,  1867,  in  Lanesborough,  Mass. 
SEYMOUR,  EDWARD  WOODRUFF, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  30,  1832,  in  Litchfield,  Conn 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Connecti 
cut  state  legislature  in  1859,  1860,  1870, 
.and  1871.  In  1875  he  moved  to  Bridge 
port;  and  in  1876  was  a  state  senator. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Connecticut  to  the  forty-eighth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

SEYMOUR,  GEORGE  FRANKLIN, 
clergyman,  bishop,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
5,  1829,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  the 
founder  of  St.  Stephen's  college  of  An- 
nandale,  N.  Y.  For  many  years  he  was 
dean  and  professor  of  ecclesiastical  his 
tory  in  the  General  Theological  seminary, 
New  York;  he  is  the  bishop  of  Spring 
field,  111.,  to  which  high  office  he  has  been 
elected  three  times.  He  is  the  author  of 
Modern  Romanism  Not  Catholicity. 

SEYMOUR,  HENRY,  merchant,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  30,  1780,  in  Litch 
field,  Conn.  He  served  in  both  branches 
of  the  New  York  legislature,  and  was 
mayor  of  Utica,  canal  commissioner,  and 
president  of  the  Farmers'  Loan  and  Trust 
company.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1837,  in  Utica, 
N.  Y. 

SEYMOUR,  HENRY  WILLIAM,  manu 
facturer,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1834  in  Brockport,  N.  Y. 
In  1880  he  was  elected  to  the  Michigan 
state  house  of  representatives  from  the 
Cheboygan  district;  was  elected  state  sen 
ator  in  1882  from  the  thirtieth  district; 
and  in  1886  was  re-elected  from  the  same 
district.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

SEYMOUR,  HORATIO,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  May  31,  1778,  in  Litch 
field,  Conn.  He  was  a  judge  of  probate 
and  a  member  of  the  council  of  Vermont. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Ver 
mont  from  1821  to  1833. 

SEYMOUR,  HORATIO,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  governor,  was  born  May  31, 
1810,  in  Pompey  Hill,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New 
York  state  assembly 
in  1841;  was  mayor 
of  Utica  in  1842,  and 
was  speaker  of  the 
lower  house  of  the 
legislature  in  1845. 
He  was  governor 
of  New  York  from 
1853  to  1855,  and 
from  1863  to  1865. 
In  1868  he  was  nom 
inated  for  the  presi 
dency  of  the  United 
States,  but  received  only  eighty  electoral 
votes,  and  was  defeated  by  General  Grant. 
He  died  Feb.  12,  1886,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

SEYMOUR,  JOHN,  governor.  In  1703 
he  was  appointed  governor  of  Maryland 
serving  until  1709.  He  died  July  30,  1709. 

SEYMOUR,  MRS.  MARY  (HARRISON), 
author,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1835,  in  Oxford, 
Conn.  She  is  a  writer  of  Hartford  whose 
writings  are  mainly  for  juvenile  readers. 
Among  them  are.  Mollie's  Christmas 
Stocking;  Sunshine  and  Starlight;  Rec 
ompense;  Through  the  Darkness;  and 
Ned,  Nellie,  and  Amy. 

SEYMOUR,  MOSES,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  July  23,  1742,  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  held  the  office  of  town-clerk 


of  Litchfield  for  thirty-seven  years  con 
secutively  from  1789  till  his  death,  was 
elected  annually  to  the  legislature  from 
1795  till  1811,  and  was  active  in  the  af 
fairs  of  the  protestant  episcopal  church. 
He  died  Sept.  17,  1826,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 

SEYMOUR,  ORIGEN  STORRS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  9,  1804,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 
He  served  in  the  Connecticut  state  legis 
lature,  and  was  speaker  in  1850.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1851  to  1855,  and  in  the  lat 
ter  year  was  appointed  judge  of  the  su 
perior  court,  holding  the  office  until  1863. 
In  1870  he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  errors,  and  in  1873  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  the  same.  He 
died  Aug.  12,  1881,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 

SEYMOUR,  THOMAS  DAY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1840  in  Ohio.  He  is  a 
professor  of  Greek  at  Yale  university  from 
1880,  and  the  author  of  Homeric  Vocabu 
lary;  School  Iliad;  Selected  Odes  of  Pin 
dar,  with  Notes;  Introduction  to  the  Lan 
guage  and  Verse  of  Homer;  and  Homer  s 
Iliad. 

SEYMOUR,  THOMAS  HART,  soldier, 
journalist,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  in  1808  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Connecticut  from  1843  to  1845. 
In  1846  he  went  to  Mexico  as  a  major  of 
the  New  England  regiment.  He  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  the  state  of  Connecticut 
in  1850,  and  was  three  times  re-elected. 
He  was  subsequently  appointed  minister 
to  Russia.  He  died  Sept.  3,  1868,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

SEYMOUR,  TRUMAN,  soldier,  was 
born  Sept.  25,  1824,  in  Burlington,  Vt.  He 
served  with  distinction  in  the  Mexican 
and  civil  wars,  and  attained  the  brevet 
of  major-general  in  the  United  States 
army. 

SEYMOUR,  WILLIAM,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Connecticut. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  New  York 
assembly  in  1832  and  1834;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1835  to  1837. 

SHACKELFORD,  JAMES  M.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  July  7,  1827,  in  Lincoln 
county,  Ky.  He  served  in  the  Mexican 
war  as  a  lieutenant;  and  during  the  civil 
war  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers.  Since  1865  he  has  practiced 
law  in  Evansville,  Ind.,  and  in  1880  was  a 
republican  presidential  elector. 

SHADWICK,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  from  North 
Carolina  during  the  years  1796  and  1797. 

SHAFER,  HELEN  ALMIRA,  educator, 
was  born  Sept.  23,  1839,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
In  1877  she  became  professor  of  mathe 
matics  at  Wellesley  college,  near  Boston, 
Mass.,  and  was  made  president  of  this  in 
stitution  in  1888. 

SHAFER,  JACOB  K.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1826,  in 
Rockingham  county,  Va.  In  1849  he  moved 
to  Stockton,  Cal.,  and  in  1850  was  elected 
district  attorney.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Stockton,  and  in  1853  was  judge 
of  San  Joaquin  county,  and  continued  in 
office  until  1862,  when  he  removed  to 
Washington  territory.  He  was  elected 
delegate  from  the  territory  of  Washington 
to  the  forty-first  congress  .as  a  demo 
crat. 

SHAFFNER,  TALIAFERRO  PRESTON, 
inventor,  author,  was  born  in  1818  in 
Smithfield,  Va.  He  was  an  inventor  of 
note,  and  the  author  of  The  Telegraph 
Companion;  The  Telegraph  Manual;  The 
Secession  War  in  America;  History  of 
America;  and  Odd  Fellowship.  He  died 
Dec.  11,  1881,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 


SHAFROTH,  JOHN  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  9,  1854,  in  Fay- 
ette,  Mo.  He  practiced  law  at  Fayette, 
Mo.,  until  1879,  when  he  removed  to  Den 
ver,  Col.,  where  he  has  ever  since  pur 
sued  his  profession.  In  1887  he  was  elect 
ed  city  attorney  of  Denver,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  same  position  in  1889.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as 
a  republican,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  silver  republican. 

SHAFTER,  JAMES  McMILLAN,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  was  born  May  27, 
1816,  in  Athens,  Vt.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1840,  practiced  law  in  Town- 
send  and  Burlington,  Vt.,  served  in  the 
legislature,  and  in  1842-49  was  secretary 
of  state.  Removing  to  Wisconsin  in  1849, 
he  served  in  the  legislature,  was  its  speak 
er,  and  in  1852  was  a  defeated  candidate 
for  congress.  In  1852  he  removed  to  Cal 
ifornia;  served  in  the  California  senate  in 
1861-62,  and  again  in  1863-64. 

SHAFTER,  OSCAR  LOVELL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1812,  in  Athens, 
Vt.  In  1854  he  removed  to  California, 
and  practiced  his  profession  there  until 
1864,  when  he  became  associate  justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court  for  a  term  of  ten 
years.  He  died  Jan.  23,  1873,  in  Florence, 
Italy. 

SHAFTER,  WILLIAM  R.,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1835  in  Kalamazoo  county,  Mich. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war  as  first  lieuten 
ant  of  the  seventh 
Michigan  infantry, 
and  as  major  and 
lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  nineteenth  Mich 
igan  infantry.  He 
was  engaged  in  a 
dozen  hotly  contest 
ed  battles,  and  was 
brevetted  first  as 
colonel  and  then  as 
brigadier-general  for 
gallant  and  meritori 
ous  conduct.  I  n 

1866  he  was  commissioned  lieuten 
ant-colonel  in  the  regular  army,  and 
in  1897  was  commissioned  brigadier- 
general.  During  the  Spanish-American 
war  he  was  in  full  command  of  the  United 
States  forces  in  Cuba;  and  won  interna 
tional  fame  for  his  brilliant  capture  of 
Santiago. 

SHAKESPEARE,  EDWARD  ORAM, 
physician,  was  born  May  19,  1846,  in  Do 
ver,  Del.  He  spent  six  months  in  study 
ing  cholera,  and  made  his  report  to  con 
gress.  He  is  a  member  of  several  medi 
cal  societies  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  has 
devised  for  clinical  purposes  a  new  oph 
thalmoscope  and  ophthalmometer. 

SHALER,  ALEXANDER,  soldier,  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  March  19,  1827, 
in  Haddam,  Conn.  He  was  commissioned 

brigadier-general     of 

volunteers  in  1863, 
and  brevetted  major- 
general  of  volunteers 
in  1865.  He  was 
consulting  engineer 
to  the  Chicago  board 
of  police  and  fire  in 
1874-75,  being 
charged  with  the  re 
organization  and  in 
struction  of  the  fire 

department    in    that 

city.     From  1867  till 

1886  he  was  major-general  of  the  first  div 
ision  of  the  national  guard  of  New  York, 
and  was  an  organizer  and  president  of  the 
National  Rifle  association  of  the  United 
States.  He  published  a  Manual  of  Arms 
for  Light  Infantry  Using  the  Rifle  Musket. 


836 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SHALER,  NATHANIEL  SOUTHGATE, 
geologist,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
22,  1841,  in  Newport,  Ky.  He  is  an  emi 
nent  geologist,  professor  of  paleontology 
at  Harvard  university  in  1868-87,  and  of 
geology  from  1887.  He  is  the  author  of 
Kentucky  Geological  Reports;  Kentucky, 
a  Pioneer  Commonwealth;  The  Nature  of 
Intellectual  Property  and  Its  Importance 
to  the  State;  The  Interpretation  of  Na 
ture;  The  Story  of  Our  Continent;  Illus 
trations  of  the  Earth's  Surface:  Glaciers 
(with  W.  M.  Davis);  The  United  States  of 
America:  a  study  of  the  American  Com 
monwealth;  First  Book  in  Geology;  Na 
ture  and  Man  in  America;  Sea  and  Land: 
Features  of  Coasts  and  Oceans;  Aspects 
of  the  Earth;  Fossil  Branchiopods  of  the 
Ohio  Valley;  American  Highways;  and 
Domesticated  Animals:  Their  Relation  to 
Man. 

SHALLENBERGER.  WILLIAM  S.,  sol 
dier,  merchant,  legislator,  was  born  Nov. 
24,  1839,  in  Mt.  Pleasant,  Pa.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  Mt.  Pleasant  acad 
emy  and  the  Bucknell  university.  Dur 
ing  the  war  he  served  with  distinction  as 
adjutant  in  the  one  hundred  and  fortieth 
regiment  Pennsylvania  volunteer  in 
fantry,  and  subsequently  until  1876 
was  a  successful  merchant.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth 
and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
republican.  Since  1883  he  has  been 
in  the  banking  business;  and  has  been 
treasurer  of  various  corporations;  and 
was  appointed  by  Governor  Beaver  of 
Pennsylvania  as  a  member  of  the  Lake 
Erie  and  Ohio  river  ship  canal.  He  was 
a  director  of  the  chamber  of  commerce  of 
Pittsburg;  vice-president  of  the  National 
Association  of  Manufacturers  for  Penn 
sylvania  for  the  first  years  and  president 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Mission  so 
ciety  for  several  years. 

SHANAHAN,  JEREMIAH  FRANCIS, 
bishop,  was  born  July  17,  1834,  in  Silver 
Lake,  Pa.  He  became  an  eminent  bishop 
of  the  Roman  catholic  church  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  died  Sept.  24,  1886,  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pa. 

SHANKLIN,  CHARLES  S.,  journalist, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1857,  in  Linn  county, 
Iowa.  He  attended  the  Cornell  college  of 
Mount  Vernon,  Iowa.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Iowa  bar,  being  admitted  at  the  age 
of  twenty  years.  For  four  years  he  was 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Springville 
New  Era;  for  two  years  of  the  Cedar  Rap 
ids  Standard;  is  now  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Saturday  Argus  of  Marion,  Iowa; 
and  also  editor  of  the  political  pages  of 
the  Marion  Sentinel. 

SHANKLIN,  GEORGE  S.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1864,  and 
was  elected  a  representative-  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

SHANKLIN,  JOHN  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1824,  in  Mon 
roe  county,  W.  Va.     For  many  years  he 
was  engaged  in  edu- 
— „  cational  work;  judge 

of  Grundy  county, 
and  since  1851  has 
practiced  law  in 
Trenton,  Mo.  H  e 
served  in  the  Mexi 
can  war;  and  in  1861 
was  commissioned 
division  inspector, 
with  the  rank  of  col 
onel.  He  served  in 
""'  twenty-third  reg 
iment  Missouri  vol 
unteer  infantry;  subsequently  mustered  in 
two  battalions  of  Missouri  militia,  and  in 
1862  helped  to  organize  the  third  regiment 


Missouri  state  militia.  He  was  commis 
sioned  lieutenant-colonel;  and  subse 
quently  organized  the  thirtieth  regiment 
enrolled  militia  of  Missouri;  and  was  com 
missioned  as  colonel  of  the  same.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  con 
vention  which  framed  the  existing  con 
stitution  of  Missouri.  In  1869-71  he  was 
president  of  the  Chillicothe  and  Des 
Moines  City  Railroad  company.  He  is 
president  of  the  Grundy  County  Coal  com 
pany;  president  of  the  Trenton  Handle 
Manufacturing  company;  and  for  many 
years  was  president  of  the  Trenton  Gas 
and  Electric  Light  company. 

SHANKS,  JOHN  P.  C.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  June  17, 
1826,  in  Martinsburg,  Va.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Indiana  legis 
lature  in  1853  and 
1854;  and  in  1860 
was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Indi 
ana  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress.  He 
visited  the  field  of 
Bull  Run  in  July, 

1861,  as  a  spectator, 
but  became  a  parti 
cipant.      He    was    a 
delegate  to  the  Pitts 
burgh   soldiers'   con 
vention  of  1866;  and  again  elected  to  the 
fortieth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-first,    forty-second,    and    forty-third 
congresses  as   a  republican.     In   1875   he 
was  appointed  an  Indian  agent. 

SHANKS,  WILLIAM  FRANKLIN 
GORE,  journalist,  was  born  April  20,  1837, 
in  Shelbyville,  Ky.  He  is  a  journalist  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Recol 
lections  of  Distinguished  Generals;  and 
A  Noble  Treason,  a  tragedy. 

SHANLY,  CHARLES  DAWSON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1811  in 
Ireland.  He  was  a  journalist  and  verse- 
writer  of  New  York  city.  The  Walker  in 
the  Snow  is  his  best-known  poem.  He 
was  the  author  of  A  Jolly  Bear  and  His 
Friends;  The  Monkey  of  Porto  Bello;  and 
The  Truant  Chicken.  He  died  in  1875. 

SHANNON,  JOHN  PRIMROSE,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  4,  1850,  in  Augusta,  Ga. 
He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the 
south,  and  is  prominent  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  Georgia  at  Elberton.  In  1892  he 
was  a  democratic  elector,  and  during  1894- 
96  was  grand  master  of  the  Masons  of 
Georgia. 

SHANNON,  RICHARD  CUTTS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
12,  1839,  in  New  London,  Conn.  He 
was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and 
at  Colby  university, 
from  which  he  was 
graduated  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  class  of 

1862.  He  enlisted  as 
>••  a  private  in  company 

H,  fifth  Maine  volun 
teers  in  1861,  and 
was  promoted  to  sec 
ond  sergeant,  and  in 
1861  commissioned 
first  lieutenant  of 
the  same  company. 
In  1862  he  was  com 
missioned  captain  and  assistant  adjutant- 
general  of  volunteers,  serving  continuous 
ly  till  the  end  of  the  war,  receiving  the 
brevets  of  major  and  lieutenant-colonel  of 
volunteers.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Grant  secretary  of  the  United 
States  legation  at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil, 
and  served  until  1875,  when  he  resigned. 
In  1876  he  took  charge  of  the  Botanical 
Garden  Railroad  company,  an  American 
enterprise  in  Brazil,  of  which  he  subse 
quently  became  the  vice-president  and 


general  manager,  and  finally  the  presi 
dent.  In  1891  he  was  appointed  envoy 
extraordinary  and  minister  plenipoten 
tiary  of  the  United  States  to  the  Republics 
of  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  and  Salvador, 
and  served  until  1893.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SHANNON,  ROBERT  THOMAS,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  May  5,  1860,  in  Perry 
county,  Tenn.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Cloverdale  seminary,  Vanderbilt 
university,  and  the  Cumberland  univer 
sity.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.,  and  the  author  of  The  Code 
of  Tennessee,  Annotated;  A  Code  Supple 
ment;  and  is  the  editor  of  the  fifth  edition 
of  the  Tennessee  Form  Book. 

SHANNON,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  in  1826  and  1827. 

SHANNON,  THOMAS  B.,  merchant, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1827  in  Westmoreland  county,  Pa.  From 
1854  to  1861  he  was  engaged  in  merchan 
dising  in  California.  He  served  four  ses 
sions  in  the  California  legislature,  and  in 
1863  was  elected  a  representative  from 
California  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

SHANNON,  WILSON,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1802,  in 
Belmont  county,  Ohio.  In  1835  he  was 
prosecuting  attorney  for  the  state  of 
Ohio;  was  elected  governor  of  Ohio  in 
1837,  and  again  in  1842,  and  in  1844  was 
appointed  United  States  minister  to  Mex 
ico.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Ohio  from  1853  to  1855,  and  in  1855 
was  appointed  governor  of  the  territory  of 
Kansas.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1877,  in  Law 
rence,  Kan. 

SHAPLEIGH,  FRANK  HENRY,  artist, 
was  born  March  7,  1842,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  has  spent  his  professional  life  in  his 
native  city.  His  paintings  include  Ven 
ice;  Yosemite  Valley;  Mirror  Lake;  Cath 
edral  Rocks;  Mount  Washington;  Cohas- 
set  Harbor;  Northern  Peaks;  and  The 
White  Mountains. 

SHAPLEY,  RUFUS  EDMONDS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1840,  in  Carlisle, 
Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Library  of 
Wit  and  Humor;  and  The  Overcrowding 
of  the  Learned  Professions. 

SHARKEY,  EMMA  AUGUSTA,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1858,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  successful  jour 
nalist  and  story  writer;  and  is  the  author 
of  nearly  a  hundred  serial  stories  and 
novels,  and  over  one  thousand  sketches; 
besides  numerous  poems.  Her  writings 
generally  appear  under  the  nom  de 
plume  of  E.  Burke  Collins.  Her  novels 
chiefly  represent  life  in  the  south,  more 
especially  the  pine  woods  of  Louisiana, 
her  hitherto  and  also  untrodden  field  of 
literature.  In  1884  she  married  Robert 
R.  Sharkey,  a  Mississippi  cotton  planter. 

SHARKEY,  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  in  1797  in  Mus 
sel  Shoals,  Tenn.    He  was  presiding  judge 
of  the  high  court  of 
.^KjM^n^         errors  in  Mississippi, 
and   was  provisional 
Mti     governor    of    Missis 
sippi     in     1865     and 
1866.    He  was  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers 
and    jurists    of     his 
time;     was    a    dele 
gate  to  all  the  lead 
ing  political  conven 
tions;   and  active  in 
all      public      affairs 
which  tended  tp_  the 
benefit   of   the   state   of   Mississippi.     He 
died  April  29,  1873,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


HER.RINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


837 


SHARON,  WILLIAM,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1821,  in  Smith- 
field,  Ohio.  On  removing  to  Nevada  he 
became  largely  interested  in  mining  oper 
ations;  the  only  public  position  of  a  po 
litical  character  he  ever  accepted  was 
that  of  a  senator  in  congress  from  Ne 
vada,  to  which  he  was  elected  for  the 
term  beginning  in  1875  and  ending  in  1881. 
He  was  largely  interested  in  the  financial 
affairs  of  the  Pacific  slope,  and  was  trus 
tee  of  the  Bank  of  California.  He  died 
Nov.  13,  1885,  in  Smithfield,  Ohio. 

SHARP,  JOHN  T.,  farmer,  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1852.  He  was 
mayor  of  Elm  City,  N.  C.,  for  three  years, 
and  in  1897  was  elected  a  state  senator. 

SHARP,  KATE  D.,  poet.  She  is  a 
writer  of  London,  Ohio,  and  the  author  of 
a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Eleanor's 
Courtship. 

SHARP,  ROBERT,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  24,  1852,  in  Lawrenceville, 
Va.  Since  1880  he  has  been  professor  of 
Greek  and  English  in  the  Tulane  univer 
sity  of  New  Orleans,  La.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  Treatise  on  the  Use  of  the  In 
finitive  in  Herodotus;  and  various  other 
works. 

SHARP,  SOLOMON  P.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1780 
in  Virginia.  He  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  Kentucky  state  legislature,  and 
was  attorney-general  of  the  state.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1813  to  1817.  He  fell  by 
the  hand  of  an  assassin,  while  a  member 
of  the  legislature,  in  November,  1835. 

SHARP,  SOLOMON  Z.,  college  presi 
dent,  author,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1835,  in 
Allenville,  Pa.  He  has  been  state  geol 
ogist  of  Kansas,  and  is  now  the  president 
of  McPherson  college  of  that  state.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  History 
of  the  Brethren. 

SHARPE,  GEORGE  HENRY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  26, 
1828,  in  Kingston,  N.  Y.  He  served  upon 
the  staffs  of  Generals  Hooker,  Meade  and 
Grant,  and  was  brevetted  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  1864,  and  major-general  in  1865. 
In  1870-73  he  was  United  States  marshal 
for  the  southern  district  of  New  York, 
and  took  the  census  that  demonstrated 
the  great  election  frauds  of  1868  in  New 
York  city,  which  led  to  the  enforcement 
of  the  federal  election  law  for  the  first 
time  in  1871.  He  was  surveyor  of  cus 
toms  for  New  York  from  1873  till  1878. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly  in 
1879-83,  and  in  1880-81  was  the  speaker. 

SHARPE,  HORATIO,  governor.  In 
1753  he  was  elected  proprietary  governor 
of  Maryland,  serving  until  1769. 

SHARPE,  PETER,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
New  York  legislature  from  1814  to  1820. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1821  to  1823,  and  in  1827 
was  a  member  of  the  tariff  convention. 

SHARPE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1742,  in 
Cecil  county,  Md.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  provincial  congress  in  1775  and  1776; 
was  aide-de-camp  to  General  Rutherford 
in  the  Indian  campaign  of  1776,  and  was 
one  of  the  commissioners  who  made  a 
treaty  with  them  in  1777.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1779  to  1782. 
He  died  in  July,  1818,  in  Iredell  county, 
N.  C. 

SHARPE,  WILLIAM  HAMILTON, 
orange  grower,  legislator,  was  born  May 
5,  1836,  in  Lowndes  county,  Ga.  In  1866 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  reconstruction 
convention;  was  a  member  of  the  state 


senate  of  Florida  during  1878-86;  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  interstate  agricultural 
convention  at  Atlanta,  Ga.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  chairman  of  the  board 
of  county  commissioners  of  Brevard  coun 
ty,  Fla. ;  is  a  successful  orange  grower  of 
Sharpes,  Indian  River,  Fla.;  and  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Orange  Growers'  association 
of  Indian  River,  at  City  Point,  Fla. 

SHARPS,  CHRISTIAN,  inventor,  was 
born  in  1811  in  New  Jersey.  His  princi 
pal  invention  was  the  Sharps  breech- 
loading  rifle,  and  in  1854  he  removed  to 
Hartford,  Conn.,  to  superintend  the  man 
ufacture  of  this  rifle.  He  died  March  13, 
1874,  in  Vernon,  Conn. 

SHARSWOOD,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  July  7,  1810,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  an  eminent  Philadel 
phia  jurist,  and  the  author  of  Professional 
Ethics;  Popular  Lectures  on  Common 
Law;  Lectures  on  Commercial  Law;  and 
Sharswood's  Blackstone.  He  died  May 
28,  1883,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SHARSWOOD,  WILLIAM,  author,  was 
born  in  1836  in  Philadelphia.  He  has  pub 
lished  Studia  Physica,  a  series  of  mono 
graphs;  Elenore,  a  Drama;  and  The  Mis 
cellaneous  Writings  of  William  Shars- 
wood. 

SHATTUC,  WILLIAM  B.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  June  11, 
]841,  in  North  Hector,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
commissioned  officer  in  the  union  army 
during  the  rebellion,  in  the  army  of  the 
frontier.  For  thirty  years  previous  to 
1895  he  was  an  officer  in  the  railway  traf 
fic  service,  and  is  now  retired  from  busi 
ness.  He  lives  in  Madisonville,  Ohio.  In 
1895  he  was  elected  one  of  the  state  sena 
tors  from  Hamilton  county  to  the  sev 
enty-second  general  assembly,  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican, 

SHATTUCK,  AARON  DRAPER,  artist, 
inventor,  was  born  March  9,  1832,  in 
Francestown,  N.  H.  The  first  picture  that 
he  exhibited  at  the  academy  was  a  Study 
of  Grasses  and  Flowers.  The  following 
year  he  was  elected  an  associate,  and  he 
became  an  academician  in  1861.  In  1867 
he  held  the  post  of  recording  secretary. 
He  invented  in  1883-85  a  stretcher-frame 
with  keys,  a  great  improvement  on  the 
old  methods  of  tightening  canvases. 

SHATTUCK,  GEORGE  CHEYNE,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  July  17,  1783,  in 
Templeton,  Mass.  He  contributed  largely 
to  Dartmouth  college,  and  built  its  obser 
vatory,  which  he  furnished  with  valuable 
instruments.  Shattuck  school,  at  Fari- 
bault,  Minn.,  a  collegiate  boarding-school 
under  the  auspices  of  the  protestant  epis 
copal  church,  of  which  Dr.  Shattuck  was 
a  liberal  patron,  was  named  for  him.  He 
published  two  Boylston  prize  disserta 
tions,  entitled  Structure  and  Physiology  of 
the  Skin;  and  Causes  of  Biliary  Secre 
tions;  and  Yellow  Fever  of  Gibraltar  in 
1828.  He  died  March  18,  1854,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

SHATTUCK,  MRS.  HARRIETTS  (RO 
BINSON),  author,  was  born  in  1850  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  a  writer  of  Mai 
den,  Mass.,  who  has  published  The 
Story  of  Dante's  Divine  Comedy;  Little 
Folks  East  and  West;  and  Woman's  Man 
ual  of  Parliamentary  Law. 

SHATTUCK,  JOSEPH  CUMMINGS,  ed 
ucator,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1835, 
in  Marlborough,  N.  H.  For  three  terms 
he  was  superintendent  of  public  instruc 
tion  of  Colorado;  was  professor  of  peda 
gogics  and  dean  of  the  faculty  of  the 
university  of  Denver  for  three  years; 
of  which  institution  he  is  now  the  finan 
cial  agent.  He  has  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Colorado  state  legislature. 


SHATTUCK,  LEMUEL,  state  legislator, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1793,  in  Ashby, 
Mass.  He  was  for  several  years  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  legislature.  In  1844  he 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  New 
England  Historic-Genealogical  society,  and 
he  was  its  vice-president  for  five  years. 
He  published  History  of  Concord,  Mass.; 
Vital  Statistics  of  Boston;  The  Census  of 
Boston;  Report  on  the  Sanitary  Condition 
of  Massachusetts;  and  Memorials  of  the 
Descendants  of  William  Shattuck.  He 
died  Jan.  17,  1859,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SHATTUCK,  WALTER  WHEELOCK, 
lawyer,  was  born  July  1,  1852,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace,  and  filled  various  other  public  po 
sitions  of  trust  in  Missouri.  Soon  after 
1880  he  moved  to  California;  was  editor 
of  a  paper  for  ten  years;  and  has  attained 
prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  in  that 
state  at  Kiswich.  He  is  also  prominent  in 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  other  fraternal  orders. 

SHAVER,  GEORGE  FREDERICK,  in 
ventor,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1855,  in  Ripley, 
N.  Y.  He  has  recently  been  engaged  in 
the  introduction  of  his  improved  mechan 
ical  telephone,  was  president  of  the  Con 
solidated  Telephone  company  in  1883-86, 
and  since  1887  has  been  vice-president  and 
general  manager  of  the  Shaver  corpora 
tion,  which  has  charge  of  that  and  other 
of  his  inventions. 

SHAVER,  LEONIDAS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  Utah,  and  in 
1853  was  appointed  an  associate  justice 
of  the  United  States  court  for  the  terri 
tory  of  Utah. 

SHAW,  AARON,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1811 
in  Orange  county,  N.  Y.  He  served  sev 
eral  terms  in  the  state  legislature.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Illinois 
to  the  thirty-fifth  congress,  and  served 
one  term;  was  then  elected  circuit  judge, 
and  served  six  years.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SHAW,  ALBERT,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  July  23,  1857,  in  New  London, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  American  editor  of  The  Re 
view  of  Reviews  from  1891.  He  is  the 
author  of  Icaria,  a  Chapter  in  the  His 
tory  of  Communism;  Local  Government  in 
Illinois;  Co-operation  in  a  Western  City; 
Municipal  Government  in  Great  Britain; 
and  Municipal  Government  in  Continental 
Europe. 

SHAW,  ALBERT  DUANE.  soldier, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1841,  in 
Lyme,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  thirty-fifth 
New  York  regiment  in  1861-63,  and  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  in  1867.  He  was 
appointed  United  States  consul  at  Toron 
to,  Canada,  in  1868,  and  in  1878  promoted 
to  Manchester,  England,  where  he  served 
till  1885. 

SHAW,  ANNIE  CORNELIA,  artist,  was 
born  Sept.  16,  1852,  in  West  Troy,  N.  Y. 
She  is  a  well-known  artist  of  Chicago, 
111. 

SHAW,  C.  AUSTIN,  artist,  writer,  was 
born  Oct.  24,  1840,  in  West  Milton,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  successful  landscape  painter, 
in  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  afterward  edited 
a  magazine  entitled  Language  and 
Thought.  In  1871  he  entered  the  signal 
service,  and  held  positions  in  Minnesota, 
Dakota,  Madison,  Wis.,  and  Erie,  Pa.  In 
1887  he  retired  from  public  service  and 
devoted  his  time  entirely  to  literature; 
and  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  meri 
torious  essays,  which  have  been  a  valuable 
acquisition  to  current  literature. 


838 


HERRIXGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SHAW,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1782  in  Bath,  Maine.  He  was 
a  lawyer  of  Montgomery,  Ala.,  who  pub 
lished  A  Topographical  Description  of 
Boston  from  Its  First  Settlement.  He 
died  in  1828,  in  Montgomery,  Ala. 

SHAW,  FRANK  T.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1841,  in  Woodsbor- 
ough,  Md.  In  1873  he  was  elected  clerk 
of  the  circuit  court  for  Carroll  county, 
Md.,  for  the  term  of  six  years,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1879.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
u  representative  from  Maryland  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

SHAW,  GEORGE  G.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Jan.  29,  1806,  in  Homer,  La.  After  re 
ceiving  his  education  he  taught  school  for 
a  while,  and  is  now  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Kaufman,  Texas.  He  is  prominent  in 
Masonry  and  other  fraternal  orders;  and 
in  1896  was  elected  mayor  of  Kaufman. 

SHAW,  HENRY,  lawyer,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  1788  in 
Windham  county,  Vt.  He  was  nominated 
for  congress  before  he  was  eligible,  and 
in  1816  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  sixteenth  congress. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
legislature  for  eighteen  years,  and  was 
also  a  member  of  the  governor's  council. 
In  1848  he  moved  to  New  York,  and  re 
sided  at  Fort  Washington,  on  the  Hudson. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  edu 
cation  in  New  York  city,  and  two  years 
in  the  common  council,  and  in  1853  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  New  York  assem 
bly.  He  died  Oct.  K.  1857,  in  Peekskill, 
N.  Y. 

SHAW,  HENRY,  philanthropist,  was 
born  July  24,  1800,  in  England.  In  1885 
he  gave  to  Washington  university  im 
proved  real  estate  that  yields  $r>,000  yearly 
income,  which  was  used  in  organizing  and 
maintaining  a  school  of  botany  as  a  de 
partment  of  the  university.  At  the  same 
time  the  Missouri  botanical  garden  and 
arboretum  were  placed  in  such  relation  to 
the  school  as  to  secure  their  full  uses  for 
scientific  study  and  investigation  to  the 
professor  and  students  for  all  time  to 
come.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1889,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 

SHAW,  HENRY  M.,  soldier,  physician, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
20,  1819,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  moved  to 
North  Carolina,  and  was  a  state  senator 
in  1852.  He  was  a  representative  from 
North  Carolina  to  the  thirty-third  and 
thirty-fifth  congresses.  During  the  war  of 
the  rebellion  he  served  as  a  colonel  in  the 
confederate  army.  He  died  in  February, 
1864,  in  Newberne,  N.  C. 

SHAW,  HENRY  WHEELER— Josh 
Billings — humorist,  author,  was  born 
April  21,  1818,  in  Lanesborough,  Mass. 
He  was  the  author  of  Josh  Bill- 
ings's  Sayings;  Everybody's  Friend; 
Josh  Billings's  Trump  Kards;  and  Josh 
Billings's  Spice  Box.  He  died  Oct.  14, 
1885,  in  Monterey,  Cal. 

SHAW,  JAMES  DICKSON,  soldier, 
clergyman,  journalist,  was  born  Dec.  27, 
1841.  in  Walker  county,  Texas.  He  served 
four  years  as  a  soldier  in  the  confederate 
army,  and  surrendered  at  the  close  of 
the  war  as  a  second  lieutenant.  For  twelve 
years  he  was  a  clergyman  in  the  meth- 
odist  episcopal  church  south,  and  since 
1883  has  been  editor  of  The  Independent 
Pulpit  of  Waco,  Texas. 

SHAW,  JOHN,  physician,  surgeon,  poet, 
was  born  May  4,  1778,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 
II''  was  a  contributor  to  The  Portfolio. 
His  poems,  with  a  memoir,  and  extracts 
from  his  foreign  correspondence  and  Jour 
nals,  were  published  in  1810.  He  died 
Jan.  10,  1809,  at  sea. 


SHAW,  JOHN  G.,  business  man,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1859, 
near  Fayetteville,  N.  C.  He  located  at 
Fayetteville,  N.  C.,  and  was  elected  coun 
ty  attorney  for  Cumberland  county  in 
1890,  and  held  the  position  for  four  years. 
He  was  a  democratic  candidate  for  presi 
dential  elector  in  1892  and  was  elected; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat 

SHAW,  LEMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Jan.  9,  1781,  in  Barnstable,  Mass.  He 
drafted  the  charter  of  the  city  of  Boston, 
and  for  twenty-seven  years  was  one  of  the 
corporation  of  Harvard  college.  He  died 
March  30,  1861,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SHAW,    LESLIE    MORTIMER,    lawyer, 
financier,  was  born   in   1848   in    Lamoille 
county,   Vt.     In  1869   he  moved  to  Iowa, 
taught     school     and 
attended  Cornell  col 
lege   of    Mount   Ver- 
non,   from   whch   in- 
4v  ;i  stitution    he    gradu- 

Y  J  ated.     He  graduated 

Jj   in      law      from      the 
T-  ^9  Iowa   Law  school  of 

^k  jfl    Des    Moines,   and    in 

1876  began  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Derii- 
son,  Iowa.  He  is  also 
a  successful  finan 
cier,  owns  two  banks, 
and  has  loaned  over  two  million  dollars  on 
Iowa  farms.  He  has  taken  an  active  part 
in  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his 
adopted  state,  and  in  1896  was  republican 
nominee  for  governor  of  that  state. 

SHAW,  MILTON  OILMAN,  lumberman, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1820,  in  In 
dustry,  Maine.  In  1841  he  began  life  in 
the  lumber  business  at  Greenville,  Maine, 
then  almost  in  the  heart  of  the  pinejor- 
ests  of  Maine;  and  he  now  owns  an  im 
mense  area  of  timber  lands  in  Maine,  in 
cluding  several  townships.  He  has  filled 
different  public  offices,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature  in  1859. 

SHAW,  OLIVER,  musician,  composer, 
was  born  in  1776.  He  composed  Home  of 
My  Soul,  and  other  popular  pieces  of 
music.  He  died  Dec.  31,  1848,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I. 

SHAW,  ROBERT  GOULD,  merchant, 
was  born  June  4,  1773,  in  Gouldsborough. 
Maine.  He  bequeathed  over  a  hundred 
thousand  dollars  to  philanthropic  pur 
poses.  He  died  May  3,  1853,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

SHAW.  ROBERT  GOULD,  soldier,  was 
born  Oct.  10,  1837.  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
became  colonel  of  the  fifty-fourth  Massa 
chusetts,  the  first  regiment  of  colored 
troops  from  a  free  state  that  was  mus 
tered  into  the  United  States  service.  He 
died  July  18,  1863,  in  Fort  Wagner,  S.  C. 

SHAW.  RODNEY  K.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
writer,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1829,  in  Copen 
hagen.  N.  Y.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in 
the  common  schools 
of  his  native  county; 
attended  Union  aca 
demy  of  Bellville, 
A  N.  Y.;  the  Low vi lie 
academy;  and  subse 
quently  graduated 
from  a  Chautauqua 
course.  During  the 
war  he  served  as 
captain  of  the  sixty- 
third  regiment,  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry; 

and  was  commissioner  for  relief  of  sol 
dier-comrades  of  his  county.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ohio  at  Mariet 
ta;  and  has  contributed  extensively  both 
and  verse  to  the  periodical  press. 


SHAW,  SAMUEL,  physician,  surgeon, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
hi  December,  1768,  in  Dighton,  Mass.  In 
1799  he  was  returned  as  a  member  of  the 
Vermont  legislature,  and  was  for  some 
lime  a  member  of  the  state  council.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Vermont  from  1808  to  1813.  On  his  re 
tirement  from  congress  he  was  appointed 
surgeon  in  the  army,  and  removed  to  the 
city  of  New  York.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1827, 
in  Clarendon,  Vt. 

SHAW,  THOMAS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1843  in  Ontario.  He  is  a 
Canadian  educator,  since  1893  professor 
of  animal  husbandry  at  the  Minnesota 
agricultural  experiment  station,  and  the 
author  of  The  First  Principles  of  Agricul 
ture;  and  Weeds  and  How  to  Eradicate 
Them. 

SHAW,  THOMPSON  DARRAH,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1801,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  retired  in  1862  on  his 
own  application,  after  more  than  forty 
years'  service.  He  was  continued  on  spe 
cial  duty  at  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and 
Boston  in  1863-67,  and  was  promoted  to 
commodore  on  the  retired  list  in  1867.  He 
died  July  26,  1874,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 

SHAW,  TRISTAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1787  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1839  to  1843.  He  died 
March  14,  1843,  in  Exeter,  N.  H. 

SHAW,  WILLIAM  SMITH, lawyer,  phil 
anthropist,  born  Aug.  12,  1778,  in  Haver- 
hill,  Mass.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
April,  1804.  and  in  the  same  year  became 
treasurer  of  the  Anthology  society,  the 
nucleus  of  the  Boston  Athenaeum.  He 
devoted  much  of  his  time  to  the  collec 
tion  of  its  library,  and  became  known  as 
Athenaeum  Shaw.  He  was  the  first  to 
suggest  making  the  library  public,  and 
connecting  with  it  a  reading  room.  After 
the  incorporation  of  the  institution  he 
\\iis  its  secretary  and  librarian  till  1823, 
and  its  secretary  alone  till  1824.  At  his 
decease  he  left  it  collections  of  coins, 
pamphlets  and  books  to  the  value  of  $10,- 
000.  He  died  April  25,  1826,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

SHEA,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  author, 
was  born  June  10,  1826,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  jurist  who  was  chief  justice  of  the 
city  court  of  New  York,  and  the  author 
of  Alexander  Hamilton;  a  Historical 
Study;  and  Nature  and  Form  of  the  Amer 
ican  Government. 

SHEA,  JOHN  AUGUSTUS,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  in  1802  in  Ireland.  He 
was  an  Irish  verse-writer  who  came  to 
America  in  1827,  and  was  a  journalist  in 
New  York  city.  His  writings  include. 
Adolph;  Parnassian  Wild  Flowers;  Rud- 
deki,  an  Eastern  Romance,  in  verse;  and 
Clontarf,  a  Poem.  He  died  Aug.  15,  1845, 
in  New  York. 

SHEA,  JOHN  DAWSON  GILMARY. 
journalist,  author,  was  born  July  22,  1824, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  an  historical 
writer  of  note,  for  a  number  of  years  edi 
tor  of  Frank  Leslie's  Chimney  Corner, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Catholic  Church  in  the  United  States; 
Legendary  History  of  Ireland;  History  of 
Catholic  Indian  Missions;  Discovery  and 
Exploration  of  the  Mississippi  Valley; 
Early  Voyages  Up  and  Down  the  Missis 
sippi;  Novum  Belgium,  an  Account  of 
New  Netherlands,  1633-44;  The  Operations 
of  the  French  under  De  Grasse;  Life  of 
Pius  Ninth;  The  Catholic  Church  in  Col 
onial  Days;  The  Catholic  Hierarchy  of  the 
United  States;  and  Life  and  Times  of 
Archbishop  Carroll.  He  died  in  1892. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


839 


SHEA,  JOSEPH,  college  president,  was 
born    Dec.    31,    1829,   in    Fordham,    N.    Y. 
For    six    years    he    was    president    of    St. 
John's  college,  Fordham,  N.  Y.     He  died 
Dec.  5,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

SHEAFE,  JAMES,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1755,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1799  to  1801;  and  was  a  senator  in 
congress  in  1801  and  1802,  resigning  June, 
1802.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1829,  in  Portsmouth, 
N.  H. 

SHEAFER,  PETER  WENRICK,  mining 
engineer,  was  born  March  31,  1819,  in 
Halifax,  Pa.  In  1848  he  settled  in  Potts- 
ville  and  devoted  his  attention  to  mining 
engineering,  and  he  has  been  specially 
active  in  the  development  of  the  coal  and 
iron  interests  of  that  district.  He  issued 
in  1875,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Historical  society,  a  map  of  Penn 
sylvania  as  it  was  in  1775. 

SHEAFFER,  SAMUEL  G.,  lawyer,  pub 
lic  official,  was  born  May  13,  1841,  near 
Shippensburg,  Pa.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  common  schools  and  the 
Shippensburg  academy.  He  has  been  post 
master,  justice  of  the  peace,  clerk  of  the 
courts  of  Ness  county,  police  judge  of 
Ness  city,  and  filled  various  other  public 
positions  of  honor.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  and  promoter  of  patriotic  associa 
tions  and  public  enterprises,  and  is  adju 
tant-general  battalion  of  America. 

SHEAKLEY,  JAMES,  public  official, 
"legislator,  governor,  was  born  April  24, 
1830,  in  Sheakleyville,  Pa.  When  nine 
teen  years  of  age  he  went  to  California, 
and  for  three  years  was  engaged  in  the 
mining  of  gold.  He  then  returned  to 
Sheakleyville  and  bought  the  old  home 
stead.  He  embarked  in  the  drygoods  busi 
ness  in  Greenville,  in  1860;  was  one  of 
the  pioneers  in  the  oil  excitement  in  west 
ern  Pennsylvania,  and  for  nearly  twenty- 
years  was  extensively  engaged  in  the  pro 
duction  and  shipping  of  petroleum.  He 
served  as  a  democrat  in  the  forty-fourth 
congress,  and  in  1887  was  appointed  by 
President  Cleveland  as  United  States  com 
missioner  of  Alaska,  and  the  educational 
department  made  him  superintendent  of 
schools  for  southeastern  Alaska.  In  1892 
he  was  appointed  governor  of  Alaska  by 
President  Cleveland,  and  served  in  that 
high  office  with  distinction. 

SHEARER,  JOHN  BUNYAN,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  July  19, 
1832,  in  Appomattox  county,  Va.  This  em 
inent  presbyterian  clergyman  and  pro 
fessor  of  biblical  instruction  and  moral 
philosophy  during  1870-75  was  president 
of  the  Stewart  college  of  Clarksville, 
Tenn.  For  thirteen  years  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Southwestern  Presbyterian 
university;  and  since  1888  has  been  presi 
dent  of  Davidson  college,  North  Carolina. 

SHEARMAN,  THOMAS  GASKELL, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1834,  in 
England.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  political 
economist  of  New  York  city,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Law  of  Practice  and  Pleadings; 
Law  of  Negligence;  Talks  on  Free  Trade; 
Does  Protection  Protect?  Pauper  Labor  of 
Europe;  The  Single  Tax;  National  Taxa 
tion;  Henry  George's  Mistake;  and  Crook 
ed  Taxation. 

SHEATS,  CHARLES  CHRISTOPHER, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  10,  1839,  in  Walker  county,  Ala.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Alabama  state  legisj 
lature  in  1861;  and  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1868.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Alabama  to  the  forty-third 
congress.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  sixth 
auditor  of  the  United  States  treasury. 


SHEATS,  WILLIAM  NICHOLAS,  educa 
tor,  state  superintendent  of  public  instruc 
tion,  was  born  March  5,  1851,  in  Auburn, 
Ga.  He  graduated  from  Emory  college  at 
Oxford,  Ga.,  in  1874.  He  then  taught  in  the 
Fletcher  institute  during  1873-74,  and  in 
various  other  institutions  until  1881.  In 
1880  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  pub 
lic  instruction  of  Alachun  county,  and 
filled  that  position  by  constant  re-elec 
tions  until  1892,  since  which  time  he  has 
been  state  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  of  Florida.  In  1885  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention,  and  was  the  author  of  the 
article  on  education  adopted  by  that  body, 
which  laid  the  foundation  of  the  state's 
educational  system,  and  placed  Florida 
in  the  lead  in  public  education  among  all 
of  her  southern  sisters.  His  work  as  state 
superintendent  has  been  highly  success 
ful. 

SHECUT,  JOHN  LINN^'US  EDWARD 
WHITRIDGE,  physician,  scientist,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  4,  1770,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 
He  was  a  once  eminent  physician  and  sci 
entist  of  Charleston,  and  the  author  of 
Flora  Carolinensis;  Medical  and  Philoso- 
ophical  Essays;  Elements  of  Natural  Phil 
osophy;  and  A  New  Theory  of  the  Earth. 
He  died  in  1836  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

SHEDD,  JOEL  HERBERT,  civil  engin 
eer,  author,  was  born  May  31,  1834,  in 
Pepperell,  Mass.  He  is  an  eminent  civil 
engineer  of  Providence,  whose  most  im 
portant  professional  labor  is  the  Provi 
dence  waterworks.  He  has  written  a 
work  on  Landscape  Gardening,  and  many 
important  professional  papers. 

SHEDD,  MRS.  JULIA  ANN  (CLARK), 
author,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1834,  in  Newport, 
Maine.  She  was  the  author  of  Famous 
Painters  and  Paintings;  Famous  Sculp 
tors  and  Sculpture;  The  Ghiberti  Gates; 
and  Raphael:  His  Madonnas  and  Holy 
Families. 

SHEDD,  WILLIAM  GREENOUGH 
THAYER,  educator,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  21,  1820,  in  Acton,  Mass. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  New 
York  city,  professor  in  Union  seminary  in 
186S-90,  and  a  theologian  of  a  very  conser 
vative  type.  He  is  the  author  of  History 
of  Christian  Doctrine;  Sermons  to  the 
Natural  Man;  Homiletics  and  Pastoral 
Theology;  Theological  Essays;  Sermons 
to  the  Spiritual  Man;  Endless  Punish 
ment;  Dogmatic  Theology;  The  Pro-Revi 
sion  of  the  Westminster  Standards;  Cal 
vinism  Pure  and  Mixed;  and  Literary 
Essays. 

SHEEDY,   MORGAN  M.,  priest,  writer, 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1853,  in  Ireland.    He  was 
ordained    in    the    Pittsburg   cathedral    in 
1876.  He  was  imnied- 
iately     assigned      as 
professor  of  theology 
and  history  in   Saint 
Michael's     seminary, 
where    he    continued 
until    the    closing   of 
^_^^        that   institution.     As 
>'  a    successful    pastor 

he  became  widely 
known  through  his 
work  on  educational 
lines  with  young 
men.  In  Pittsburg 
the  school,  hall  and  free  library  that  he 
established  were  centers  of  the  very  best 
influence  felt  in  the  whole  community. 
He  was  the  founder  of  the  Pittsburg 
Polytechnic  society  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Writers'  club,  the  Academy  of  Science, 
the  Western  Pennsylvania  Historical  so 
ciety,  and  other  literary  bodies.  He  has 
always  been  one  of  the  leaders  in  the 


temperance  movement  and  for  four  years 
was  the  vice-president  of  the  Catholic 
Total  Abstinence  union  of  America.  He 
is  the  author  of  Christian  Unity;  and  of 
a  work  entitled  Social  Problems. 

SHEEHAN,  WILLIAM  FRANCIS,  lieu 
tenant-governor,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1859,  in 
New  York.  In  1892  he  was  elected  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  the  state  of  New  York. 

SHEELEIGH,  MATTHIAS,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1821,  in 
Charleston,  Pa.  Since  1860  he  has  edited 
the  Lutheran  Sunday  School  Herald  of 
Fort  Washington,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of 
American  Ecclesiad;  A  Gettysburgiad; 
Luther:  a  Song  Tribute;  Brief  History  of 
Luther;  and  Outlines  of  Old  and  New 
Testament  History. 

SHEFFER,  DANIEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  to  congress  from  that  state  from 
1837  to  1839. 

SHEFFEY,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1770  in  Freder 
ick,  Md.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1809  to  1817 
He  died  Dec.  3,  1830,  in  Augusta,  Va. 

SHEFFIELD,  JOSEPH  EARLE,  mer 
chant,  philanthropist,  was  born  June  19, 
1793,  in  Southport,  Conn.  His  donations 
to  Yale  have  been  munificent.  In  1860  the 
name  of  its  scientific  department,  which 
was  reorganized  and  placed  on  a  firm 
basis  by  his  liberality,  was  changed  to 
the  Sheffield  scientific  school  in  his  honor. 
Its  two  buildings  are  called  respectively 
Sheffield  hall  and  North  Sheffield  hall.  He 
gave  to  other  colleges,  seminaries,  and 
religious  institutions,  and  his  gifts 
amounted  to  more  than  $1,000,000.  He 
died  Feb.  16,  1882,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

SHEFFIELD,  WILLIAM  PAINE,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  30,  1819,  on  Block  Island,  R.  I. 
In  1845  he  was  elected,  from  his  native 
town,  a  member  of  the  state  assembly. 
Removing  his  residence  to  Tiverton,  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  assembly  in  1849, 
where  he  continued  to  serve  until  1853, 
when  he  resigned  his  seat,  and  settled  in 
Newport,  and  represented  that  city  in  the 
assembly  from  1857  to  1861.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Rhode  Isl 
and  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress,  and 
in  1869  was  appointed  one  of  the  commis 
sioners  to  revise  the  laws  of  Rhode  Isl 
and. 

SHELBY,  ISAAC,  soldier,  surveyor, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Dec. 
11,  1750,  near  Hagerstown,  Md.  He  be 
came  a  surveyor  in 
western  Virginia.  In 
1774  he  was  lieuten 
ant  in  his  father's 
company  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Point  Pleasant, 
Va.;  was  a  captain 
in  1776;  and  was 
made  commissary  in 
1777.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legis 
lature  in  1779;  was 
commissioned  a  ma 
jor  by  Governor  Jef 
ferson,  and  in  1780  was  made  colonel,  and 
defeated  Major  Ferguson  at  the  battle  of 
King's  Mountain.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  North  Carolina  in  1781 
and  1782.  In  1788  he  settled  at  Travelers' 
Rest,  Kentucky;  was  governor  of  Ken 
tucky  from  1792  to  1796,  after  its  separa 
tion  from  Virginia,  and  in  1813  joined 
General  Harrison.  In  1818  he  was  a  com 
missioner,  with  General  Jackson,  to  treat 
with  the  Cherokee  Indians.  A  county  in 
Kentucky  and  a  college  in  Shelbyviile 
were  named  for  him.  He  died  July  18, 
1826,  in  Lincoln  county,  Ky. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SHELBY,  WILLIAM  R.,  railroad  offi 
cial,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1842,  in  Lincoln 
county,  Ky.  He  is  now  vice-president  and 
treasurer  of  the  Grand  Rapids  and  Indiana 
Railroad  company.  He  has  been  also  ex 
tensively  engaged  in  wheat  raising  in 
the  northwest,  and  since  1875  has  man 
aged  the  Cass  farm,  a  portion  of  which  is 
more  generally  known  as  the  great  Dal- 
rymple  farm. 

SHELDON,  A.  W.,  soldier,  journalist, 
Jaw.yer,  jurist,  was  born  July  18,  1842,  in 
Granville,  Ohio.  He  was  judge  advocate 
of  the  first  division  of  the  national  guard 
of  the  state  of  New  York,  with  the  rank 
of  colonel  from  1875  to  1881.  He  was 
judge  advocate  of  the  department  of  New 
York,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  in 
1877  and  1878.  In  1881  he  moved  to  Balti 
more,  and  became  editor  of  the  Baltimore 
Herald.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Ari 
zona  territory. 

SHELDON,  CARLOS  D.,  congressman. 
He  takes  an  active  part  in  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of  Houghton,  Mich.; 
and  was  elected  from  the  twelfth  district 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SHELDON,  CHARLES  H.,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1840  in  Johnson,  Vt. 
For  ten  years  he  lived  in  southern  Illi 
nois;  in  Kentucky  three  years;  and  in 
1881  moved  to  Dakota.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  territorial  council  of  1887;  and  in 
1892  was  elected  governor. 

SHELDON,  CLESSON  PARMENTER, 
clergyman,  was  born  May  9,  1813,  in  Ber- 
nardston,  Mass.  In  1845  he  graduated 
from  the  Madison  university  of  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.  He  became  an  eminent  clergyman 
of  the  baptist  church;  filled  pastorates 
in  Whitesboro,  Hamilton,  Buffalo,  and  for 
nineteen  years  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
died  Oct.  25,  1888. 

SHELDON,  DAVID  NEWTON,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
June  26,  1807,  in  Suffleld,  Conn.  He  was  a 
baptist  clergyman  who  became  a  Unitarian 
in  1856.  He  was  president  of  Colby  uni 
versity  in  1843-53;  and  the  author  of  Sin 
and  Redemption. 

SHELDON,  EDWARD  AUSTIN,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1823,  in 
Perry  Centre,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  noted  edu 
cator  of  Oswego,  principal  of  the  normal 
school  there  from  1862;  and  the  author  of 
Manual  of  Elementary  Training;  and  Les 
sons  on  Objects. 

SHELDON,  EDWARD  STEVENS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1851  in  Maine. 
He  is  a  professor  of  Romance  philology  at 
Harvard  university  from  1883;  and  the 
author  of  Short  German  Grammar  and 
monographs. 

SHELDON,  GEORGE  LAWSON,  farm 
er,  banker,  was  born  May  31,  1870,  in 
Nehawka,  Neb.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  common 
schools;  received  the  degree  of  B.  L.  from 
the  university  of  Nebraska;  and  the  de 
gree  of  B.  A.  from  Harvard  university. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  republican 
state  committee  from  the  fourth  district 
of  Nebraska;  is  the  president  of  the  Ne 
hawka  bank;  and  was  captain  of  com 
pany  A,  Nebraska  university  cadets. 

SHELDON,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1843, 
in  Summerville,  S.  C.  He  is  a  journalist 
and  art  critic  of  New  York  city,  now  in 
charge  of  the  London  office  of  D.  Appleton 
and  Company,  publishers.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  American  Painters;  The  Story  of 
the  Volunteer  Fire  Department  of  New 
York  City;  Hours  with  Art  and  Artists; 
Selections  in  Modern  Art;  and  Recent 
Ideals  of  American  Art. 


SHELDON,  HENRY  CLAY,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  12, 
3845,  in  Martinburg,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  meth- 
odist  clergyman,  professor  of  historic 
theology  in  Boston  university  from  1882. 
He  is  the  author  of  History  of  Christian 
Doctrine;  and  History  of  the  Christian 
Church. 

SHELDON,  HENRY  L.,  librarian,  was 
born  Aug.  15,  1821,  in  Middlebury,  Vt.  He 
is  the  founder  and  librarian  of  the  Shel 
don  Art  museum  of  his  native  city.  He 
was  city  clerk  for  twenty-five  years,  and 
an  expert  accountant  and  bookkeeper. 

SHELDON,  LIONEL  ALLEN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  Aug.  30,  1829,  in  Otsego,  N.  Y. 
He  served  one  term  as  judge  of  probate 
in  Lorain  county,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  en 
tered  the  volunteer  army  as  a  captain; 
was  soon  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieuten 
ant-colonel;  and  at  the  close  of  the  war 
was  brevetted  a  brigadier-general.  He 
subsequently  settled  in  New  Orleans,  La., 
and  devoted  himself  to  his  profession.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Louisiana  to  the  forty-first  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-second  and 
forty-third  congresses.  In  1881  he  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  the  territory  of  New 
Mexico. 

SHELDON,  MARY  DOWNING,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1850,  in  Os 
wego,  N.  Y.  In  1874  she  served  as  pro 
fessor  of  history  in  Wellesley  in  1876-78, 
and  subsequently  occupied  the  same  chair 
in  the  state  normal  school,  Oswego,  N.  Y. 
She  has  published  Studies  in  General  His 
tory;  and  Teacher's  Manual. 

SHELDON,  PORTER,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1831,  in  Victor, 
N.  Y.  In  1862  he  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  Illinois;  and 
in  1868  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a 
republican. 

SHELDON,  WILLIAM  EVARTS,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1832, 
in  Dorset,  Vt.  He  has  attained  success 
as  an  educator,  and  his  life  has  been  de 
voted  to  teaching,  school  supervision,  and 
educational  journalism.  In  1863-64  he  was 
president  of  the  Massachusetts  Teachers' 
association;  was  president  of  the  Ameri 
can  Institute  of  Instruction  in  1867;  presi 
dent  of  the  National  Educational  associa 
tion  in  1887;  and  since  1884  has  been  a 
member  of  the  national  council  of  educa 
tion.  He  is  the  editor  of  The  Journal  of 
Education;  Current  History;  American 
Primary  Teacher;  and  Modern  Methods; 
all  of  which  are  published  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

SHELL,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1831,  in  Laurens 
county,  S.  C.  He  entered  the  confederate 
army  in  1861,  and  remained  in  the  service 
until  the  surrender  at  Appomattox.  He 
served  as  private,  lieutenant,  and  captain. 
He  served  as  clerk  of  court  for  Laurens, 
S.  C.,  for  six  years;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

SHELLABARGER,  SAMUEL,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  10,  1817,  in  Clarke  county,  Ohio.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  first  legislature  in 
Ohio  that  met  under  the  present  constitu 
tion,  and  in  1860  was  elected  to  congress 
as  a  republican.  He  took  his  seat  in  the 
special  session  that  met  in  accordance 
with  President  Lincoln's  call  in  1861; 
and  served  in  1861-63,  in  1865-69,  and  in 
1870-73.  He  was  United  States  minister 
to  Portugal  in  1869-70,  and  in  1874-75  was 
one  of  the  civil  service  commission. 


SHELLEY,  CHARLES  M.,  soldier, 
architect,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  28, 
1833,  in  Sullivan  county,  Tenn.  He  en 
tered  the  confederate  army  in  1861,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ala 
bama  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh,  and  forty-eighth  congresses.  In 
1885  he  was  appointed  fourth  audit 
or  in  the  United  States  treasury  at  Wash 
ington. 

SHELLEY,  HARRY  ROWE,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  June  8,  1858,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  is  a  successful  organist, 
and  the  author  of  many  pieces  of  church 
music. 

SHELTON,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1814 
in  Jamaica,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman  of  Carthage  Landing,  N.  Y., 
who  wrote  in  both  prose  and  verse  a  num 
ber  of  humorous  and  satirical  books.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Trollopiad,  or  the 
Traveling  Gentleman  in  America;  The 
Rector  of  St.  Bardolph's;  Peeps  from  the 
Belfry,  or  the  Parish  Sketch-Book;  Sa- 
lander  and  the  Dragon,  a  romance;  Up 
the  River,  a  collection  of  rural  sketches; 
Chrystalline,  a  romance;  The  Gold  Mania; 
and  Use  and  Abuse  of  Reason.  He  died 
June  20,  1881,  in  Carthage  Landing,  N.  Y. 

SHELTON,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  soldier, 
artist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1840,  in 
Allen's  Hill,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  a  sol 
dier  during  the  civil  war  and  was  pro 
moted  to  lieutenant.  He  is  probably  best 
known  as  the  author  of  A  Man  Without  a 
Memory,  published  in  Scribner's.  He  is 
also  the  author  of  Capture  and  Escape, 
which  is  a  true  narrative  of  his  personal 
experiences  as  a  federal  artilleryman. 

SHEPARD,  CHARLES  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  5,  1807,  in  Newberne,  N.  C. 
He  was  elected  to  congress  from  North 
Carolina  in  1837,  where  he  continued  to 
serve  until  1841.  He  died  in  October,  1843. 

SHEPARD,  CHARLES  UPHAM,  edu 
cator,  geologist,  author,  was  born  June 
29,  1804,  in  Little  Compton,  R.  I.  He  was 
a  geologist,  professor  of  geology  at  Am- 
herst  college,  who  published  a  valuable 
Report  on  the  Geology  of  Connecticut. 
He  died  May  1,  1886,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

SHEPARD,  CHARLES  UPHAM,  chem 
ist,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1842,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  In  1887  he  presented  the  second 
cabinet  of  minerals  that  was  left  by  his 
father,  numbering  more  than  ten  thou 
sand  specimens,  to  the  collection  of  Am- 
herst;  and  his  cabinet  of  two  hundred  dif 
ferent  meteorites  has  been  deposited  in 
the  United  States  National  museum  of 
Washington,  D.  C. 

SHEPARD,  EDWARD  MORSE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1850  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Brooklyn;  and  the  au 
thor  of  a  Life  of  Martin  Van  Buren. 

SHEPARD,  ELIHU  HOTCHKISS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1795  in  Ver 
mont.  He  was  an  educator  of  St.  Louis; 
and  the  author  of  Autobiography;  and 
Early  History  of  St.  Louis  and  Missouri. 
He  died  in  1876. 

SHEPARD,  ELLIOTT  FITCH,  soldier, 
lawyer,  journalist,  was  born  July  25,  1833, 
in  Jamestown,  N.  Y.  He  was  instrument 
al  in  raising  the  fifty-first  New  York 
regiment,  which  was  named  for  him  the 
Shepard  rifles.  He  was  the  founder  of  the 
New  York  State  Bar  association  in  1876, 
which  has  formed  the  model  for  the  or 
ganization  of  similar  associations  in  other 
states.  In  1888  he  purchased  the  New 
York  Mail  and  Express. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


841. 


SHEPARD,  GEORGE  BOHAN,   lawyer, 
inventor,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1847,  in  Og- 
densburg,   N.    Y.     He   received   his   rudi 
mentary       education 
in  the  public  schools 
of  that  city,  and  the 
higher    branches    at 
fe^^  private     institutions 

there.  In  1862  he  be 
gan  the  study  of  law 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1869;  and 
since  that  time  he 
has  never  discon 
tinued  practice, 
though  his  other 
undertakings  have 
interfered  with  active  litigation.  From 
1873  he  served  two  terms  as  clerk  of  surro 
gate's  court  of  St.  Lawrence  county,  and 
on  Dec.  17,  1879,  was  appointed  United 
States  deputy  collector  of  internal  rev 
enue  for  St.  Lawrence  and  Franklin  coun 
ties,  serving  as  such  until  the  office  was 
filled  by  the  incoming  of  the  democratic 
administration.  He  introduced  the  elec 
tric  telephone  in  his  native  county,  build 
ing  several  local  exchanges  and  the  con 
necting  county  lines.  He  inherits  a  na 
tural  taste  for  mechanics,  and  is  a  direct 
lineal  descendant  from  Hezekiah  Hunting- 
ton  of  Windham,  Conn.,  who  manufac 
tured  the  first  guns  made  in  America,  and 
who  was  appointed  by  Gen.  Washington 
repairer  of  arms  for  the  continental  army. 
He  also  numbers  among  his  ancestors 
•Gov.  Bradford  of  Plymouth  colony.  Mr. 
Shepard  has  made  a  number  of  useful  in 
ventions,  including  early  improvements 
in  the  typewriter  and  copygraph;  and  he 
has  recently  perfected  a  successful  rotary 
engine.  He  is  at  present  engaged  upon 
an  improved  machine  to  furnish  stereo 
type  plates  for  printing,  which  prom 
ises  a  revolution  in  that  art;  and  still  re 
sides  in  the  place  of  his  nativity. 

SHEPARD,  IRWIN,  soldier,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  July  5,  1843, 
in  Skaneateles,  N.  Y.  He  served  three 
years  during  the  civil  war  in  the  ninth 
army  corps.  Since  1879  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  state  normal  school  of  Win- 
ona,  Minn. 

SHEPARD,  ISAAC  FITZGERALD,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  July  7,  1816,  in 
Natick,  Mass.  He  was  a  federal  officer  in 
the  civil  war  who  was  consul  at  Swatow 
and  Hankow  in  1874-80;  and  the  author 
of  Pebbles  from  Castalia;  Poetry  of  Feel 
ing;  Scenes  and  Songs  of  Social  Life; 
•and  Household  Tales.  He  died  in  1889. 

SHEPARD,  LILLIE  R.,  poet.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Melrose,  Mass.;  and  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Rays  of 
Light. 

SHEPARD,  SIDNEY,  manufacturer,  ca 
pitalist,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1814,  in 
Coblesville,  N.  Y.  In  1849  he  became  the 
proprietor  of  the 
Shepard  Iron  works; 
which  institution 
also  became  one  of 
the  largest  importers 
of  tinplate,  manufac 
turers  of  stamp  met- 
alware,  and  dealers 
in  hardware  and  tin 
ners'  supplies  in  the 
United  States.  He 
was  prominent  in 
railroad  affairs,  and 
for  many  years  a  di 
rector  in  the  Alabama  Central,  the  Mobile 
and  Ohio,  and  the  New  Jersey  Central 
railroaus.  He  steadfastly  declined  the 
candidacy  for  various  important  public 
offices.  In  1885  he  transferred  his  inter 
est  in  the  Shepard  Iron  works  to  his  son, 
C.  Sidney  Shepard  of  New  Haven,  N.  Y, 


SHEPARD,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1605,  in  England. 
He  was  a  puritan  clergyman  who  came  to 
America  in  1635,  and  from  1636  until  his 
death  was  minister  of  what  is  now  the 
Shepard  church  in  Cambridge.  He  was 
the  author  of  New  England's  Lamenta 
tions  for  Old  England's  Present  Errours; 
The  Sound  Beleever;  The  Clear  Sunshine 
of  the  Gospel;  Theses  Sabbaticae;  Sub- 
jecuon  to  Christ;  The  Parable  of  the  Ten 
Virgins  Opened  and  Applied;  and  Auto 
biography.  His  Sermons,  with  Memoir 
by  Alger,  were  printed  in  three  volumes  in 
1853.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1649,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

SHEPARD,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1737,  near  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  In  1780  he  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general  under  Gen 
eral  Lafayette;  and  after  the  war  was  a 
brigadier-general  of  militia.  In  1785  and 
1786  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature;  in  the  latter  year 
was  appointed  a  major-general,  and  in 
the  same  year  was  summoned  from  his 
farm  to  assume  command  of  the  national 
forces  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  on  the  out 
break  of  the  Shay  rebellion.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1788  and  1792;  was 
a  member  of  the  state  executive  council 
from  1792  to  1796;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  na 
tional  congress  from  1793  to  1803.  He 
died  Nov.  11,  1817,  in  Westfield,  Mass. 

SHEPARD,  WILLIAM  B.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1799 
in  Newberne,  N.  C.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1827  to  1837,  when  he  declined  a  re-elec 
tion.  In  1838  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate,  where  he  served  five  terms.  He 
died  June  20,  1852,  in  Elizabeth  City,  N.  J. 

SHEPHERD,  ALEXANDER  B.,  soldier, 
governor,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1835,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  In  1873  he  was  appointed 
the  second  governor  of  the  District  of 
Columbia;  and  remained  in  office  until 
the  form  of  government  was  again 
changed. 

SHEPHERD,  FRANK,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1853,  in 
Lenawee  county.  Mich.  Since  1879  he  has 
practiced  law  in  Cheboygan,  Mich.  In 
1880-82  he  was  prosecuting  attorney;  was 
appointed  judge  of  probate  in  1886;  and 
elected  to  the  same  office  in  1888.  In  1897 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  legislature. 

SHEPHERD,  JAMES  EDWARD,  law 
yer,  educator,  was  born  in  July,  1847,  in 
Nausemond  county,  Va.  In  1882  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  superior  court  from 
Raleigh,  N.  C.;  and  during  1888-95  was  a 
justice  of  the  supreme  court,  last  two 
years  of  which  he  served  as  chief  justice. 

SHEPHERD,  JAMES  OSGOOD,  educat 
or,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  Palmyra, 
Va.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  university 
of  Virginia;  engaged  in  educational  work, 
and  became  county  superintendent  of 
schools.  He  is  now  an  able  lawyer  of  Vir 
ginia  at  Buena  Vista;  has  been  judge  of 
the  corporation  court  of  Roanoke;  and 
judge  of  Hustings  court,  Buena  Vista. 

SHEPHERD,  NATHANIEL  GRAHAM, 
author,  was  born  in  1835  in  New  York 
city.  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war 
he  became  a  war  correspondent  for  the 
New  York  Tribune.  He  contributed  large 
ly  to  periodicals  and  journals;  and  was 
the  author  of  The  Dead  Drummer-Boy; 
The  Roll-Call;  and  A  Summer  Reminis 
cence.  He  died  May  23,  1869,  in  New 
York  city. 


SHEPHERD,  OLIVER  LATHROP,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1815,  in  Clifton, 
Pa.  He  served  in  the  Florida,  Mexican 
and  civil  wars,  and  in  1863  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general.  In  1870  he  was  retired 
from  the  army. 

SHEPHERD,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1737,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  In  1783  he  was  chosen  a  briga 
dier-general,  having  fought  in  twenty-two 
battles;  and  was  subsequently  a  major- 
general  of  militia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1797  to  1803.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1817,  in 
Westfield,  Mass. 

SHEPHERD,  WILLIAM  ROBERT,  au 
thor.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of  Pro 
prietary  Government  in  Pennsylvania. 

SHEPLEY,  ETHER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Nov.  2,  1789,  in  Groton,  Mass. 
He  was  in  the  Massachusetts  legislature 
in  1819;  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
that  framed  the  first  constitution  of  Maine 
in  1820;  and  was  for  thirteen  years  at 
torney  of  the  United  States  for  Maine. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Maine 
from  1833  to  1836.  After  leaving  the  sen 
ate  of  the  United  States  he  was  chosen 
a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Maine, 
and  subsequently  chief  justice  of  the 
same,  which  latter  position  he  held  until 
1855.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1877,  in  Portland, 
Maine. 

SHEPLEY,  GEORGE  FORSTER,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born 
Jan.  1,  1819,  in  Saco,  Maine.  He  removed 
to  Portland,  Maine;  was  appointed  by 
President  Polk  United  States  district  at 
torney,  which  position  he  held  until  1861. 
When  the  civil  war  broke  out  he  became 
colonel  of  the  twelfth  Maine  volunteers. 
He  was  made  brigadier-general;  and  was 
military  governor  of  Louisiana  from  1862 
to  1864.  He  was  military  governor  of 
Richmond  on  its  surrender  in  1865.  In 
1871  he  was  United  States  circuit  judge  of 
the  first  circuit.  He  died  July  20,  1878,  in 
Portland,  Maine. 

SHEPLOR,  MATTHIAS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1837  to  1839. 

SHEPPARD,  FRANCIS  MARION,  phy 
sician,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1868, 
in  Monticello,  Miss.  After  receiving  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  com 
mon  schools,  he  attended  the  university  of 
Louisville,  Ky.,  graduating  therefrom  in 
1893.  He  is  a  successful  physician  of 
Waynesboro,  Miss.;  and  in  1896  became  a 
representative  in  the  lower  house  of  the 
Mississippi  state  legislature,  his  term  ex 
piring  in  1900. 

SHEPPARD,  FURMAN,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  21,  1823,  in  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 
He  is  a  Philadelphia  lawyer  who  has  pub 
lished  The  Constitutional  Text-Book;  and 
other  works. 

SHEPPARD,  JOHN  HANNIBAL,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  March  17,  1789,  in 
England.  In  addition  to  several  Masonic 
and  antiquarian  addresses,  he  was  the  au 
thor  of  occasional  poems;  of  Reminis 
cences  of  the  Vaughan  Family;  and  The 
Life  of  Samuel  Tucker,  Commodore  in 
the  American  Revolution.  He  died  June 
25,  1873,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SHEPPARD,  NATHAN,  educator,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1834,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  journalist  and 
educator  who  was  a  special  correspondent 
of  The  Cincinnati  Gazette  during  the 
Franco-German  war;  and  the  author  of 
Shut  Up  in  Paris  During  the  Siege; 
Darwinism  Stated  by  Himself;  Before  an 
Audience;  and  Saratoga  Chips.  He  died 
Jan.  24,  1888,  in  New  York  city. 


842 


HERR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SHEPPERD,  AUGUSTUS  H..  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Surry  county,  N.  C.  He  served  in  the 
house  of  commons  of  North  Carolina  from 
1822  to  1826;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1829  to  1839,  from  1841 
to  1843,  and  again  from  1847  to  1851. 

SHERBURN,  JOEL  OSMAN,  clergyman, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1845,  in 
Plainfield,  Vt.  For  twenty-five  years  he 
has  been  a  clergyman  and  presiding  elder 
in  the  Vermont  conference;  now  fills  a 
pastorate  in  Williamstown,  Vt.;  and  in 
1882  he  represented  the  town  of  Rochest 
er  in  the  Vermont  state  legislature. 

SHERBURNE,  JOHN  HENRY,  author, 
was  born  in  1794  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  register  of  the  navy  in  Wash 
ington;  and  the  author  of  Osceola.  a 
tragedy;  Erratic  Poems;  Life  of  John 
Paul  Jones;  The  Tourist's  Guide  in 
Europe;  and  A  Suppressed  History  of  the 
Administration  of  John  Adams.  He  died 
in  1850  in  Europe. 

SHERBURNE,  JOHN  SAMUEL,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1757  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1793  to  1797;  and  was  United 
States  district  attorney  in  1803;  and  judge 
of  the  United  States  district  court  from 
1803  to  1830.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1830.  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

SHERBURNE.  MOSES,  lawyer,  Jurist. 
He  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Minnesota; 
and  in  1853  was  appointed  an  associate 
justice  of  the  United  States  court  for  Min 
nesota. 

SHEREDINE,  UPTON,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1791  to  1793. 

SHERIDAN,  PHILIP  HENRY,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  March  6,  1831,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  In  1853  he  graduated  from 
the  United  States 
.Military  academy. 
During  the  civil  war 
he  attained  high 
rank  as  a  soldier; 
and  for  his  gallantry 
was  made  a  major- 
general  in  the  United 
States  regular  army, 
in  President  Lin 
coln's  words:  For 
the  personal  gallant 
ry,  military  skill. 
and  just  confidence 
in  the  courage  and  gallantry  of  your 
troops,  displayed,  by  you  at  Cedar  Run. 
whereby,  under  the  blessing  of  Provi 
dence,  your  routed  army  was  reorganized, 
a  great  national  disaster  averted,  and  a 
brilliant  victory  achieved  over  the  rebels 
for  the  third  time  in  pitched  battle  with 
in  thirty  days.  In  1883  he  became  gen- 
eral-in-chief  of  the  regular  army.  He 
died  Aug.  5,  1888,  in  Nonquitt,  Mass.; 
and  the  same  year  his  Personal  Memoirs 
were  published. 

SHERIDAN,  WILLIAM  E.,  actor,  was 
born  June  1,  1839.  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
attained  a  national  reputation  through 
the  world  as  a  successful  tragedian.  He 
died  May  31.  1887. 

SHERMAN,  ADRIAN  C..  legislator, 
was  born  March  20,  1846,  in  Mt.  Pleasant, 
Iowa.  He  served  as  a  soldier  for  five 
years  during  the  civil  war;  and  for  four 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Kansas 
state  legislature. 

SHERMAN.  ANTHONY  S..  railroad 
manager,  financier,  was  born  July  1,  1852, 
in  Newport,  R.  I.  For  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  has  been  secretary  and  treas 
urer  of  the  Newport  and  Wickford  rail 
road. 


SHERMAN,  BUREN  ROBINSON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born 
May  28,  1836,  in  Phelps,  N.  Y.  He  received 
his  education  in  the 
Union  school  of  his 
native  city,  and  the 
academy  of  Elmira, 
N.  Y.  During  the 
war  he  served  as 
captain  in  the  thir- 
t  e  e  n  t  h  regiment 
Iowa  volunteer  in 
fantry,  and  was  se 
verely  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Shiloh 
on  April  6,  1862.  He 
moved  to  Iowa  in 
1855,  first  to  Tama  county,  thence  in  1859 
to  Benton,  where  he  resided  at  the  time 
of  his  election  as  governor  in  1881.  He 
served  with  distinction  as  governor  of 
Iowa;  was  re-elected  and  served  until 
1885.  For  several  years  he  was  a  clerk  of 
the  district  court  of  Benton  county;  then 
served  as  county  judge;  and  for  three 
terms  during  1875-80  he  was  auditor  of 
the  state  of  Iowa;  stepping  directly  from 
that  position  into  the  executive  chair. 
His  knowledge  of  the  law,  and  his  public 
services  to  the  state  admirably  qualified 
him  for  the  position  of  governor;  and  he 
was  always  found  to  be  equal  to  great 
emergencies. 

SHERMAN.  CHARLES  TAYLOR,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1811, 
in  Norwalk,  Conn.  In  1866  he  became  one 
of  the  first  government  directors  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  company;  and  in 
1867  was  appointed  United  States  district 
judge  for  the  northern  district  of  Ohio. 
He  died  Jan.  1.  1879,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

SHERMAN,  EDWIN  ALLEN,  lawyer, 
w:is  born  Oct.  20.  1873,  in  Seattle,  Wash. 
He  received  a  thorough  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Oakland,  Cal.;  and  in 
private  academies.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  profession  of  law;  is  legal  ad 
viser  for  numerous  corporations,  political 
combinations,  and  fraternal  organizations 
He  has  filled  various  offices  in  bar  asso 
ciations  and  clubs;  and  although  offered 
several  important  political  positions  has 
steadfastly  declined  in  order  to  give  His 
entire  time  to  his  professional  duties.  * 

SHERMAN,  ELIJAH  B.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  June  18,  1832,  in  Fair- 
field.  Vt.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  Illinois  legislature  and 
was  re-elected  in  1878;  and  in  1879  he 
\v;is  appointed  one  of  the  masters  in 
chancery  of  the  court  of  the  United  States. 

SHERMAN,  ELMER  EMMETT,  educat 
or,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Feb.  7, 
1861,  in  Fountain  Green,  111.  He  attended 
Howe's  academy  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa; 
the  Laharpe  seminary,  Illinois;  the  Col 
lege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Keo- 
kuk,  Iowa;  and  the  Illinois  Medical  col 
lege  of  Chicago.  For  many  years  he  was  a 
teacher  in  graded  and  country  schools, and 
actively  engaged  in  institute  work.  He 
has  always  taken  great  interest  in  Sunday 
school  work;  has  been  president  of  sev 
eral  religious  and  literary  societies,  and 
furnished  written  work  for  conventions. 

SHERMAN,  FRANK  DEMPSTER,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1860  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  lyrist  of  New  York 
city;  adjunct  professor  of  architecture  at 
Columbia  college;  and  the  author  of 
Madrigals  and  Catches;  Lyrics  for  a 
Lute;  Little-Folk  Lyrics;  and  New  Wag- 
gings  of  Old  Tales. 

SHERMAN,  HENRY,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  March  6,  1808,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  Hartford  lawyer,  author  of  An 
Analytical  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Marine 
Insurance  to  the  Present  Time;  The  Gov 


ernmental  History  of  the  United  States;: 
and  Slavery  in  the  United  States.  He  died 
March  28,  1879,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SHERMAN,  J.  W.,  congressman,  was. 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the- 
thirty-fifth  congress. 

SHERMAN,    JAMES     SCHOOLCRAFT,. 
lawyer,    congressman,    was    born   Oct.  24, 
1855.    in    Utica,    N.    Y.      He    received   an 
academic   and    colle- 
•  g  i  a  t  e        education, 
v    graduating  from 
•    Hamilton    college   in 
Bki        the     class     of     1878; 
••\^  and  was  admitted  to 

JfjIW  :  the  bar  in  1880,  be 
coming  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Cookin- 
ham  and  Sherman. 
He  was  elected 
_^_^^^^_^,  iiiiiyor  ill'  I'tii-ii.  X. 
'^^^^^M  Y.,  in  1884,  as  a  re 
publican,  receiving  a 
substantial  majority  in  a  democratic  city. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  republican  state 
convention  in  Saratoga  in  1895;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty- 
third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

SHERMAN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1772  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Trenton 
Falls,  N.  Y.,  where  he  conducted  an  acad 
emy.  From  1797  to  1805  he  was  a  con 
gregational  minister  at  Mansfield,  Conn., 
but  resigned  his  charge  on  account  of  his 
becoming  a  Unitarian.  He  was  the  author 
of  One  God  in  One  Person  Only,  the  first 
noteworthy  defense  of  unitarianism  in 
America;  Philosophy  of  Language  Illus 
trated;  and  A  Description  of  Trenton 
Falls.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1828,  in  Trentoa 
Falls,  N.  Y. 

SHERMAN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  statesman, 
was  born  May  10,  1823,  in  Lancaster, 
Ohio.  He  is  of  Anglo-Saxon  ancestry. 
He  received  an  aca- 
d  e  m  i  c  education; 
studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
May  11.  1844.  He 
was  a  delegate  in  the 
national  whig  con 
ventions  of  1848  and 
1852,  and  presided' 
over  the  first  re 
publican  convention 
in  Ohio  in  1855.  Ho- 
was  a  representative 
in  the  thirty-fourth, 

thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth  and  thirty-seventh 
congresses,  and  was  the  republican  candi 
date  for  speaker  in  the  winter  of  1859-60. 
He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
in  March,  1861,  and  re-elected  in  1866  and 
1872.  He  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
treasury  in  March,  1877,  and  served  as 
such  during  President  Hayes'  administra 
tion;  was  again  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1880,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1886  and  1892.  He  was  president  of 
the  senate  from  1885  till  1887;  and  re 
signed  his  seat  in  the  senate  to  accept  the 
position  of  secretary  of  state  in  President 
McKinley's  cabinet.  He  Is  the  author  of 
Recollections  of  Forty  Years  in  the  House, 
Senate  and  Cabinet;  and  Selected  Speeches 
and  Reports  on  Taxation,  1859-78. 

SHERMAN,  ROBERT  MINOT,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  May  22, 
1773,  in  Woburn,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Connecticut  general  assembly  in 
1798;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  from  1814  to  1818.  He  was  a  judge  of 
the  superior  court,  and  the  supreme  court 
of  errors  from  1840  to  1842.  He  died  Dec. 
30.  1844,  in  Fairfleld.  Conn. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     O?    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


843 


SHERMAN,  ROGER,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  April 
19,  1721,  in  Newton,  Mass.  He  was  judge 
of  the  county,  superior  and  supreme 
courts  for  a  period  of  twenty-three  years. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  first  congress  in 
1774,  and  continued  in  congress  for  many 
years.  He  signed  the  declaration  of  in 
dependence  in  1776,  and  also  the  articles 
of  confederation  and  the  constitution. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States,  in  regard  to  which  he 
took  a  prominent  part,  he  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Connecti 
cut.  He  was  chosen  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  in  1791,  continuing  in  that 
station  until  his  death.  He  died  July  23, 
1793,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

SHERMAN,  SIDNEY,  pioneer,  was  born 
in  March,  1805,  in  Massachusetts.  In  1839 
he  was  elected  major-general  of  the  Texan 
republic;  in  1842  he  served  in  its  con 
gress;  and  in  1862-63  in  the  state  legis 
lature.  He  died  in  1873  in  Galveston, 
Texas. 

SHERMAN,  SOCRATES  N.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Vermont.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 

SHERMAN,  THOMAS  WEST,  soldier, 
was  born  March  26,  1813,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 
He  served  in  the  Florida,  Mexican  and 
civil  wars;  and  attained  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  He  died  March  16, 
1879,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

SHERMAN,  WILLIAM  TECUMSEH. 
soldier,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1820,  in 
Mansfield,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
a  colonel  of  infantry 
in  the  United  States 
army  and  command 
ed  a  brigade  at  Bull 
Run.  He  was  made 
brigadier-general  of 
volunteers,  and  had 
command  of  the 
Kentucky  depart- 
ment.  He  was  made 
major-general;  and 
in  1864  made  one  of 
the  most  famous 
military  marches  of 
modern  times,  going  from  Atlanta  to 
Savannah,  with  sixty  thousand  men, 
which  great  enterprise  soon  brought  the 
war  to  a  conclusion.  He  was  made  briga 
dier-general  in  the  United  States  army  in 
1863,  major-general  in  1864,  lieutenant- 
general  in  1866,  and  general-in-chief  of 
the  army  in  1869.  In  1869  he  was  appoint 
ed  secretary  of  war.  A  Memoir  of  His  Life 
and  Campaign  has  been  published;  and 
also  his  The  Military  Lessons  of  the 
War.  He  died  in  1891. 

SHERRICK,  FANNIE  I.,  poet,  was  born 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  She  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  Star  Dust. 

SHERRILL,  ELIAKIM,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York"  from  1847  to  1849.  He  served 
as  an  officer  in  the  rebellion,  and  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg. 

SHERRILL,  JOSEPH  E.,  journalist, 
clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1852,  in  Put 
nam  county,  Ind.  Since  1886  he  has  been 
proprietor  of  the  Normal  Publishing 
house  of  Danville,  Ind.;  and  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  an  evangelist  in 
the  baptist  church. 

SHERROD,  WILLIAM  C.,  soldier, 
planter,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  17,  1835,  in  Courtland,  Ala.  He 
served  in  the  state  legislature  of  Alabama 
in  1859  and  1860;  and  was  an  officer  in 
the  confederate  army  during  the  civil 
war.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Alabama  to  the  forty-first  congress 
as  a  democrat. 


SHERWIN,  JOHN  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1838,  in 
Saint  Lawrence,  N.  Y.  He  was  twice 
elected  county  clerk  of  Kane  county,  111.; 
and  was  city  attorney  of  Aurora.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  union  army  dur 
ing  the  war  of  the  rebellion;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

SHERWIN.  THOMAS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  March  26,  1799,  in  Westmore 
land,  N.  H.  He  was  a  noted  educator  of 
Boston,  master  of  the  high  school  in  1838- 
69,  and  author  of  treatises  on  algebra. 
He  died  July  23,  1869,  in  Dedham,  Mass. 

SHERWOOD,  AD1EL,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1791,  in  Fort 
Edward,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  baptist  minister 
and  educator  of  Georgia;  and  the  author 
of  Gazetteer  of  Georgia;  Christian  and 
Jewish  Churches;  and  Notes  on  the  New 
Testament.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1879,  in 
St.  Louis.  Mo. 

SHERWOOD,  MRS.  EMILY  [LEE]: 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1843  in  In 
diana.  She  is  a  Washington  journalist 
who  has  published  Willis  Peyton,  a  novel. 

SHERWOOD,  HENRY,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1817,  in  Bridge 
port,  Conn.  He  devoted  himself  to  the 
practice  of  law  dur 
ing  twenty-four 
years;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  forty-sec 
ond  congress  as  a 
democrattrom  Wells- 
borough,  Pa.  He  has 
attained  prominence 
as  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of 
Pennsylvania;  is  also 
noted  as  an  elo 
quent  speaker;  and 
contributes  valuable 
articles  to  the  leading  newspapers  and 
magazines  of  the  United  States. 

SHERWOOD,  ISAAC  R.,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  14,  1835,  in  Stanford,  N.  Y.  He 
established  the  Wil 
liams  counvy  Ga 
zette  of  Bryan,  Ohio; 
'and  in  1859  was  elect 
ed  probate  judge  of 
Williams  county, 
which  position  he  re 
signed  to  enter  the 
army  in  1861.  He 
was  commissioned 
major  in  1863;  was 
promoted  to  lieuten 
ant-colonel  in  1864; 
and  commanded  his 
regiment  to  the  close  of  the  war,  receiving 
a  brevet  of  brigadier-general  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services.  He  edited  the 
Toledo  Commercial,  and  was  an  editorial 
writer  on  the  ^Cleveland  Leader.  He  was 
elected  secretary  of  state  for  Ohio  in  1868; 
and  re-elected  in  1870.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty- 
third  congress  as  a  republican.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  entitled  Army  Gray- 
back,  a  book  of  humorous  verse. 

SHERWOOD.  JAMES  MANNING,  cler 
gyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
29,  1814,  in  Fishkill,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman  and  editor  of  religious 
journals;  and  the  author  of  A  Plea  for 
the  Old  Foundations;  The  History  of  the 
Cross;  and  Books  and  Authors.  He  died 
Oct.  22,  1890,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

SHERWOOD.  JOHN  D.,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  15,  1818,  in  Fishkill,  N.  Y.  He 
was  the  author  of  Comic  History  of  the 
United  States;  and  The  Case  of  Cuba.  He 
died  in  1891. 


SHERWOOD,  MRS.  KATHER1NE, 
MARGARET,  journalist,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  24,  1841,  in  Poland,  Ohio.  She 
is  a  Doet  and  jour 
nalist  of  Canton, 
Ohio;  and  has  been 
especially  successful 
as  a  writer  of  army 
lyrics  and  poems  for 
military  occasions. 
She  is  the  author  of 
Camp  Fire  and  Me 
morial  Poems;  and 
Columbia.  Since  1882 
she  has  been  editor 
of  the  woman's  de 
partment  of  the  Na 
tional  Tribune,  published  at  Washington, 
D.  C.,  in  the  interest  of  the  union  soldiers. 
SHERWOOD,  MRS.  MARY  ELIZA 
BETH  [WILSON],  author,  was  born  about 
1830  in  Keene,  N.  H.  She  is  a  Washing 
ton  novelist  and  miscellaneous  writer; 
and  the  author  of  The  Sarcasm  of  Des 
tiny;  A  Transplanted  Rose;  Amenities  of 
Home;  Home  Amusements;  Manners  and 
Social  Usages;  Royal  Girls  and  Royal 
Courts;  Sweet  Brier;  Roxobel:  and  The 
Art  of  Entertaining. 

SHERWOOD,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1813  to 
1815.  He  died  in  November,  1862,  in  New 
York. 

SHERWOOD,  SAMUEL  B.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Connecti 
cut  from  1817  to  1819.  He  died  in  1833. 

SHERWOOD,  THOMAS  ADIEL,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  June  2,  1834,  in 
Eatonton,  Ga.  In  1872  he  was  elected  to 
the  bench  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state  of  Missouri,  served  two  successive 
terms  of  ten  years,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1892. 

SHERZER,  JANE  BELLE,  educator, 
was  born  Oct.  23,  1858,  in  Franklin,  Ohio. 
She  received  her  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  her  native  city,  and  studied 
four  years  at  the  university  of  Michi 
gan,  receiving  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  She 
also  studied  in  Paris,  and  has  traveled  ex 
tensively  through  the  principal  countries 
of  Europe,  and  in  Egypt  and  Palestine. 
She  is  a  successful  public  speaker,  and 
the  author  of  a  series  of  articles  on  for 
eign  travel. 

SHEW,  JOEL,  physician,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  13,  1816,  in  Providence,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  hydropathic  physician  of  New 
York  state,  among  whose  writings  are, 
Hydropathy,  or  the  Water  Cure;  Cholera 
Treated  by  Water;  and  The  Hydropathic 
Family  Physician.  He  died  Oct.  6,  1855,  in 
Oyster  Bay,  N.  Y. 

SHIEL,  GEORGE  K..  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  about  1815,  in  Ire 
land.  He  practiced  law  in  Salem,  Ore., 
during  1854-61.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Oregon  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress.  He  died  Dec.  14,  1893, 
in  Salem,  Ore. 

SHIELDS,  CHARLES  WOODRUFF,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April 
4,  1825,  in  New  Albany,  Ind.  He  is  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman,  professor  of  the 
harmony  of  science  and  revealed  religion 
at  Princeton  college  from  1865,  and  active 
in  behalf  of  church  unity.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Presbyterian  Book  of  Common 
Prayer  According  to  the  Revision  of  the 
Westminster  Divines;  Philosophia  Ulti 
ma,  or  Science  of  the  Sciences;  The  Order 
of  the  Sciences;  Religion  and  Science  in 
Their  Relations  to  Philosophy;  Essays 
on  Church  Unity;  The  Historic  Episco 
pate;  The  Question  of  Unity;  and  The 
United  Church  of  the  United  States. 


844 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SHIELDS,  EBENEZER  J., congressman, 
was  born  in  Georgia.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Tennessee 
from  1835  to  1839.  He  died  May  20,  1846. 
SHIELDS,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1829  to  1831.  He  died  in  1831 
in  Butler  county,  Ohio. 

SHIELDS,  JAMES,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  1810  in  Ire 
land.  In  1836  he  was 
elected  a  member  of 
the  Illinois  legisla 
ture;  was  elected 
auditor  of  the  state 
in  1839;  and  in  1843 
was  appointed  judge 
of  the  supreme  court 
of  Illinois.  In  1845 
he  was  appointed 
commissioner  of  the 
general  land  office  in 
the  department  of 
the  interior  at  Wash 
ington.  At  the  commencement  of  the 
Mexican  war  he  was  appointed  brigadier- 
general  in  the  United  States  army;  and 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brevet  ma 
jor-general.  In  1848  he  was  appointed 
governor  of  Oregon  territory;  and  in 
1849  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  United 
States  senate  from  the  state  of  Illinois 
for  the  term  of  six  years.  He  subsequent 
ly  took  up  his  residence  in  the  territory 
of  Minnesota;  and  in  1857  when  it  be 
came  a  state,  was  elected  to  represent  the 
same  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States, 
in  which  position  he  served  two  years. 
He  subsequently  settled  in  Missouri;  and 
was  elected  a  United  States  senator  from 
Missouri  in  1879.  He  died  June  1,  1879, 
in  Ottumwa,  Iowa. 

SHIELDS,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  jurist.  In 
1885  he  was  appointed  chief  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  territory  of  Ari 
zona  for  the  term  of  four  years;  resided 
at  Prescott,  Ariz. 

SHIELDS,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  educat- 
•or,  was  born  June  25,  1868,  in  Chester, 
Pa.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Pennsylvania  State  college  and  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania.  He  has  attained 
success  in  educational  work,  and  is  now 
professor  of  mathematics  in  the  Adelphi 
college  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Mathematical  society; 
and  is  mathematical  censor  for  several 
leading  publishers. 

SHIELDS,  MARY,  philanthropist,  was 
born  Jan.  12,  1820,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
She  was  active  in  benevolent  work,  and 
bequeathed  $1,400,000  for  charitable  pur 
poses.  She  died  Oct.  8,  1880,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

SHIELDS,  MRS.  SARAH  ANNIE 
[FROST],  author.  She  is  the  author  of 
Parlor  Charades  and  Proverbs;  Laws  and 
By-I^aws  of  American  Society;  The  Art 
of  Dressing  Well;  Almost  a  Woman;  and 
Sunshine  for  Rainy  Days. 

SHIELDS,  WILLIAM  BAYARD,  lawyer, 
jurist.  He  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Mis 
sissippi;  and  in  1818  was  appointed  dis 
trict  judge  of  tue  United  States  court  for 
the  state  of  Mississippi. 

SHIELLS,  ROBERT,  banker,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  21,  1825,  in  Edinburgh,  Scot 
land.  He  is  well  versed  in  the  Latin 
classics,  and  acquired  a  good  knowledge 
of  Latin,  French  and  Greek,  and  a  course 
in  the  higher  mathematics.  He  was 
trained  as  a  mechanical  and  civil  en 
gineer.  He  took  part  in  the  first  surveys 
of  the  Milwaukee  and  Prairie  du  Chien 
railway,  which  is  now  known  as  the  Mil 
waukee  and  St.  Paul  railway.  As  locating 
and  division  engineer  he  remained  with 


the  road  until  its  completion  to  the  Mis 
sissippi  in  1857,  and  subsequently  did  gov 
ernment  surveying  in  Wisconsin.  He  was 
also  two  years  engaged  in  railroad  work 
in  Ohio.  In  1861  he  organized  the  bank 
of  Neenah,  which  four  years  later  became 
the  National  bank  of  Neenah,  of  which 
he  is  president.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  city  public  library  since  its  com 
mencement.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Numismatic  and  Archaeological 
society,  and  also  is  a  member  of  two  his 
torical  societies.  Mr.  Shiells  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume,  The  Story  of  the  Token 
as  Belonging  to  the  Sacrament  of  the 
Lord's  Supper. 

SHILLABER,  BENJAMIN  PENHAL- 
LOW,  journalist,  author,  was  born  July 
12,  1814,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  was  a 
journalist  of  Boston, 
once  widely  known 
as  a  humorist,  whose 
latest  years  were 
spent  in  Chelsea, 
Mass.  He  was  the 
author  of  Life  and 
Sayings  of  Mrs. 
Partington;  Parting- 
Ionian  Patchwork; 
Mrs.  Partington's 
Mother  Goose;  Ike 
Partington  Stories; 
Lines  in  Pleasant 
Places;  Wide  Swath,  a  volume  of  col 
lected  verse;  Rhymes  with  Reason; 
Cruises  with  Captain  Bob;  and  The 
Double-Runner  Club.  He  died  Nov.  25, 
1890,  in  Chelsea,  Mass. 

SHIMEALL,  RICHARD  CUNNING 
HAM,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1803  in  New  York  city.  He  was  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  who  adopted  reformed 
Dutch  tenets  in  1834,  and  subsequently  be 
came  a  presbyterian.  He  was  a  noted 
biblical  scholar  of  millenarian  views.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  End  of  Prelacy; 
Christ's  Second  Coming;  Prophetic  Ca 
reer  and  Destiny  of  Napoleon  III;  Unseen 
World:  and  Political  Economy  of 
Prophecy.  He  died  March  19,  1874,  in 
New  York  city. 

SHIMER,  FRANCES  A.  WOOD,  college 
president,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1826,  in  Mil 
ton,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  founder  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Mount  Carroll  seminary  and 
Conservatory  of  Music  of  Mount  Carroll, 
111.,  which  institution  she  founded  in 
1852. 

SHINDLER,  MRS.  MARY  STANLEY 
BUNCE  [PALMER]  [DANA],  poet,  was 
born  Feb.  15,  1810,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 
She  was  a  once  popular  South  Carolina 
verse-writer  whose  home  was  at  Nacog- 
doches,  Texas,  after  1869.  In  1844  she  be 
came  a  Unitarian,  and  published  the  next 
year  Letters  on  the  Trinity.  In  1848  she 
married  her  second  husband,  an  episcopal 
clergyman,  and  was  received  into  his 
church.  She  was  the  author  of  The 
Northern  Harp;  The  Southern  Harp; 
The  Parted  Family,  and  Other  Poems; 
The  Temperance  Lyre;  and  several  prose 
works,  including  Charles  Martin,  or  the 
Young  Patriot;  The  Young  Sailor;  Fore 
castle  Tom;  and  A  Southerner  Among  the 
Spirits.  She  died  in  1883. 

SHINE,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  8,  1864,  in  Middleton  Center,  On 
tario,  Canada.  When  about  a  year  old 
his  parents  moved  to  Austin  Port,  Mich.; 
and  he  is  now  one  of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  that  state  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie; 
and  for  two  terms  has  served  as  its  city 
attorney. 

SHINN,  ASA,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  May  3,  1781,  in  New  Jersey.  He 
was  a  methodist  protestant  minister  in 


Ohio;  and  the  author  of  Essay  on  the 
Plan  of  Salvation;  and  Benevolence  and 
Rectitude  of  the  Supreme  Being.  He  died 
in  February,  1853,  in  Brattleboro,  Vt. 

SHINN,  CHARLES  HOWARD,  author, 
was  born  in  1852  in  Texas.  He  is  a 
California  writer  who  has  published  Min 
ing  Camps,  a  Study  in  American  Frontier 
Government;  and  The  Story  of  the  Mine. 

SHINN,  EARL,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  in  ]837  in. Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
New  York  journalist,  at  one  period  art 
critic  of  The  Nation;  and  the  author  of 
The  New  Hyperion:  from  Paris  to  Marly 
by  Way  of  the  Rhine;  and  Studies  in 
Modern  French  Art. 

SHINN,  GEORGE  WOLFE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1839,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergy 
man,  rector  of  Grace  church,  Newton, 
Mass.,  from  1875;  and  the  author  of 
Friendly  Talks  About  Marriage;  Manual 
of  the  Prayer  Book;  Manual  of  Church 
History;  Questions  about  Our  Church; 
Questions  that  Trouble  Beginners  in  Re 
ligion;  Stories  for  Christmas  Time;  and 
Some  Modern  Substitutes  for  Christianity. 

SHINN,  WILLIAM  N.,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  Jersey. '  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1833  to  1837. 

SHIPHERD,  JOHN  J.,  founder,  was 
born  March  28,  1802,  in  West  Granville, 
N.  Y.  He  was  the  founder  of  Oberlin 
college.  He  died  in  1844. 

SHIPHERD,  ZEBULON  R.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York  from  1813  to  1815.  He 
died  in  Moriah,  N.  Y. 

SHIPMAN,  GEORGE  ELIAS,  physician, 
journalist,  was  born  March  4,  1820,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1846  he  removed  to  Chicago, 
where  he  soon  had  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice.  In  1865  he  became  editor  of  the 
United  States  Medical  and  Surgical  Jour 
nal,  and  the  next  year  published  The 
Homoeopathic  Guide. 

SHIPMAN,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  22, 
1828,  in  Southbury,  Conn.  In  1851  he  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Hart 
ford,  Conn.;  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1857;  and  was  execu 
tive  secretary  of  Governor  William  A. 
Buckingham  from  1858  to  1862.  In  1873 
he  was  appointed  United  States  district 
judge  for  the  district  of  Connecticut. 

SHIPP,  ALBERT  MICAJAH,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  15, 
1819,  in  Stokes  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a 
methodist  clergyman  and  educator,  pro 
fessor  of  theology  in  Vanderbilt  univer 
sity  from  1874,  and  the  author  of  The  His 
tory  of  Methodism  in  South  Carolina.  He 
died  in  1887. 

SHIPP,  BERNARD,  poet,  was  born 
April  30,  1813,  near  Natchez,  Miss.  He  is 
a  poet  of  Natchez,  and  subsequently  of 
Louisville;  and  the  author  of  Fame,  and 
Other  Poems;  and  Progress  of  Freedom, 
and  Other  Poems. 

SH1PPEN,  EDWARD,  merchant,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  July  9,  1703,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  In  1744  he  was  elected  mayor 
of  Boston.  In  1745,  and  for  several  years 
thereafter,  he  was  one  of  the  judges  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas.  In  1752  he 
moved  to  Lancaster,  where  he  was  ap 
pointed  prothonotary,  and  continued  such 
until  1778.  He  was  a  county  judge  under 
both  the  provincial  and  state  govern 
ments.  In  early  life  he  laid  out  and 
founded  Shippensburg,  Pa.  In  1746-48  he 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  college  of 
New  Jersey.  He  died  Sept.  25,  1781,  in 
Lancaster,  Pa. 


HEKRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


845 


SHIPPEN,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  16,  1729,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  judge  of  the  admiralty  court 
for  the  province;  in  1791  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and  in  1799 
became  chief  justice.  He  died  April  16, 
1806,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SHIPPEN,  RUSH  RHEES,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1828,  in 
Meadville,  Pa.  He  attended  the  Alle 
gheny  college  and  the  Theological  school 
of  Meadville,  Pa.;  and  for  a  while  was 
engaged  in  educational  work.  During 
1849-57  he  was  pastor  of  the  First  Unitar 
ian  church  of  Chicago,  111.;  and  during 
1858-71  of  the  Unity  church  of  Worcest 
er,  Mass.  Then  for  ten  years  he  was 
secretary  of  the  American  Unitarian  asso 
ciation.  During  1881-95  he  was  a  pastor 
of  All  Souls  church  of  Washington,  D.  C.; 
and  since  November,  1895,  has  been  pas 
tor  of  the  Unity  church  of  Brockton, 
Mass. 

SHIPPEN,  WILLIAM,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1712,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
junto,  and  aided  in  founding  the  Penn 
sylvania  hospital,  of  which  he  was  the 
physician  from  1753  till  1778,  the  Public 
academy,  and  its  successor,  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania,  being  chosen  in  1749  one 
of  the  first  trustees  of  the  academy.  In 
1778  he  was  chosen  by  the  assembly  of 
Pennsylvania  to  the  continental  congress, 
and  he  was  re-elected  in  1779.  He  died 
Nov.  4,  1801,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 

SHIPPEN,  WILLIAM,  physician,  lec 
turer,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1736,  in  Phila 
delphia.  In  1762  he  entered  on  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
anu  in  the  same  year  began  the  first 
course  of  lectures  on  anatomy  that  was 
ever  delivered  in  this  country.  He  died 
July  11,  1808,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 

SHIRAS,  ALEXANDER  EAKIN,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1812,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  A  large  share  of  the  credit  for 
the  manner  in  which  the  national  armies 
were  supplied  during  the  civil  war  is  due 
to  him.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  and  major- 
general,  United  States  army.  He  /died 
April  14,  1875,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SHIRAS,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  26,  1832,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
He  practiced  law  successfully  in  Pitts- 
burg  till  his  appointment  in  1892  as  an 
associate  justice  of  the  United  States  su 
preme  court. 

SHIRAS,  OLIVER  P.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1833,  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.  He  removed  to  Dubuque,  Iowa, 
and  was  there  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856. 
He  was  aid-de-camp  and  judge  advocate 
on  the  staff  of  General  Herron  in  the 
army  of  the  frontier  during  1862  and 
1863;  and  in  1882  was  appointed  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  northern  dis 
trict  of  Iowa. 

SHIRK,  DAVID  FRANKLIN,  educator, 
was  born  July  10,  1859,  in  Carroll  county, 
111.  This  popular  educator  has  been  prin 
cipal  of  several  large  schools;  county 
superintendent  of  public  instruction  of 
Dickinson  county,  Kan.,  and  has  contrib 
uted  extensively  to  current  literature  on 
educational  topics. 

SHIRK,  MILTON  SMITH,  educator, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Nov.  29,  1818,  in  Butler  county,  Ohio. 
For  sixty  years  he  has  been  successfully 
engaged  as  a  teacher  in  the  various  grades 
of  school,  and  for  fifty  years  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  ministry  in  various  cities, 
and  at  the  Coliseum  Place  Baptist  church 
of  New  Orleans,  La.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  Miami  university  and  the 
Granville  college,  Ohio;  and  was  a  gradu 


ate  of  the  Madison  university  of  Hamil 
ton,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Pearl  River  institute,  president  of  the 
Amite  Female  seminary,  Mississippi,  and 
the  Shreveport  university,  Louisiana. 

SHIRLAW,  WALTER,  artist,  was  born 
Aug.  6,  1838,  in  Scotland.  He  first  ex 
hibited  at  the  National  academy  in  1861, 
and  subsequently  decided  to  devote  him 
self  altogether  to  art.  He  was  elected  an 
academician  of  the  Chicago  Academy  of 
Design  in  1868. 

SHIRLEY,  JOHN  MILTON,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1831,  in  San- 
bornton,  N.  H.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Ando- 
ver,  N.  H.,  and  the  author  of  The  Early 
Jurisprudence  of  New  Hampshire;  Com 
plete  History  of  the  Dartmouth  College 
Case;  and  Reports  of  Cases  in  Supreme 
Judicial  Court.  He  died  May  21,  1887,  in 
Andover,  N.  H. 

SHIRLEY,  MOSES  GAGE,  farmer,  poet, 
was  born  May  15,  1865,  in  Goffstown,  N.  H. 
He  is  a  farmer  in  the  place  of  his  nativity; 
and  the  author  of  A  Book  of  Poems. 

SHIRLEY,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  govern 
or,  author,  was  born  in  1693  in  England. 
He  was  a  noted  colonial  soldier  who 
planned  the  conquest  of  Cape  Breton,  and 
was  governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1741-45. 
He  was  the  author  of  Electra,  a  tragedy; 
The  Birth  of  Hercules,  a  masque;  Letter 
to  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  with  Journal  of 
the  Siege  of  Louisburg;  and  The  Conduct 
of  General  Shirley  Briefly  Stated.  He  died 
March  24,  1771,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 

SHIVELY,  BENJAMIN  F.,  educator, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  March  20, 
1857,  in  St.  Joseph  county,  Ind.  During 
1874-80  he  taught 
school;  and  then  en 
gaged  in  journalism. 
He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-eighth  c  o  n  - 
gress  to  fill  a  va 
cancy.  He  graduat 
ed  in  law  from  the 
Ann  Arbor  univer 
sity  with  the  class 
of  1886,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  and  fifty- 
first  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress  as  a  democrat.  In  1896 
he  was  the  democratic  nominee  for  gov 
ernor  of  Indiana. 

SHOBER,    FRANCIS    E.,  lawyer,  state 
senator   congressman,  was  born  March  12, 
1831    in  Salem,  N.  C.     In  1853  he  located 
in  Salisbury,  N.  C.    In  1862  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  assembly  as  a  conservative, 
and  continued  in  that  position  until  the 
close  of  the  war.    He  subsequently  served 
one  session  in  the  state  senate,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  North  Caro 
lina    to    the    forty-first   and    forty-second 
congresses.     He   was  acting  secretary   of 
the  United  States  senate  from  1881  to  1883. 
SHOCK,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  naval  offi 
cer    was  born  June  15,  1821,  in  Baltimore, 
Md'      In    January,    1845,    he    entered    the 
United    States   naval 
service.      He    served 
under        Commodore 
Perry      during      the 
Mexican     war;     and 
under   Admiral    Far- 
ragut  during  the  civ- 
i    11   war.     In    1877   he 
i^^      was  appointed  engin- 
JfiL  ^fe    eer-in-chief     of     the 

I    United   States  navy; 
L^^fj         I   and  retired  in  June, 
B^^Jfl    1883  (age  limit  under 
the   law)    with   rank 

of  commodore.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the 
United  States;  National  Geographical  so- 


* 


ciety,  American  Society  of  Naval  Engin 
eers,  Society  of  Naval  Architects  and 
Marine  Engineers,  and  the  Philosophical 
society  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is  the 
author  of  Steam  Boilers,  Their  Design, 
Construction  and  Management. 

SHOEMAKER,  GEORGE  WASHING 
TON,  inventor,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1861, 
near  Williamsport,  Pa.  Having  mechan 
ical  ability,  he  made  various  improve 
ments  in  liis  father's  woolen  mill,  and  in, 
1886  invented  a  ring-machine,  by  which 
wool-spinning  may  be  carried  on  continu 
ously. 

SHOEMAKER,     HENRY     F.,     banker, 
railroad   president,   born   March   28,   1845, 
in  Pennsylvania.     In  1887  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Min 
eral  Range  railroad, 
and      in      1888      he 
bought  a  large  inter 
est  in  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton    and    Day 
ton  railroad,  and  lat 
er,   with   others,    be 
came  one  of  the  dom 
inant   spirits   in   the 
company     and     was 
_^^  ^^     made  chairman  of  its 
I   executive  committee. 
He     has     been    suc 
cessful     in     his     undertakings     and     is 
now      president     of     the     Dayton     and 
Union    and    the  Cincinnati,  Dayton    and 
Ironton   railroads.     He   was   also  at   one 
time  engaged  in  the  mining  of  bituminous 
coal  in  the  Kanawha  valley,  W.  Va. 

SHOEMAKER,  JACOB  W.,  educator,  in 
ventor,  artist,  author,  was  born  April  18, 
1842,  in  West  Overton,  Pa.  He  was  the 
founder  and  president  of  the  National 
School  of  Elocution  and  Oratory  of  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.,  and  died  May  15,  1880. 

SHOEMAKER,  MRS.  JACOB  W.,  elo 
cutionist,  author.  She  is  the  wife  of  the 
late  Jacob  W.  Shoemaker,  the  founder  and 
president  of  the  National  School  of  Elo 
cution  and  Oratory  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
and  since  the  death  of  her  husband  in 
1880  she  has  continued  the  management 
of  that  institution. 

SHOEMAKER,  JOHN  CHAPMAN,  state 
senator,  was  born  April  8,  1826,  in  Perry 
county,  Ind.  In  1868  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  In 
diana  legislature,  in  which  body  he  again 
brought  into  prominence  the  same  prac 
tical  views  of  legislation  that  so  eminently 
distinguished  him  while  a  member  of  the 
senate. 

SHOEMAKER,    LAZARUS    D.,  lawyer, 

state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 

5,  1819,  in  Kingston,  Pa.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in 
1840,  studied  and 
practiced  law  in 
Wilkesbarre,  Pa.  He 
was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  in  1866- 
68,  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-second  and  for 
ty-third  congresses 
as  a  republican, 
serving  as  chairman 
of  the  committee  on 

revolutionary    pensions,    and    on   that    of 

claims. 

SHOEMAKER,  MICHAEL  MYERS,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1853  in  Kentucky.  He  is 
a  writer  of  travels,  and  the  author  of 
Eastward  to  the  Land  of  Morning;  The 
Kingdom  of  the  White  Woman,  a  volume 
of  Mexican  travel;  and  Trans-Caspia:  the 
Sealed  Provinces  of  the  Czar. 


vt., 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SHOEMAKER,  WILLIAM  LUKEN. 
physician,  philologist,  poet,  was  born  July 
19,  1823,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.  His  poems, 
bird  songs,  translations  from  the  German 
of  Heine  and  others,  are  distinguished  by 
rare  perfection  of  form  and  melody.  He 
is  best  known  for  his  Sweetheart  Bird 
Song,  set  to  music  by  Balfe,  the  English 
composer.  As  a  linguist  and  poet  he 
holds  a  masterly  rank. 

SHOLES,  CHARLES  CLARK,  journal 
ist,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1816, 
in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  settled  in  Kenosha. 
Wis.,  in  1847,  of  which  place  he  was  sev 
eral  times  mayor,  frequently  represented 
Kenosha  county  both  in  the  assembly  and 
senate  of  the  state,  and  in  one  session 
was  chosen  speaker  of  the  former  body. 
He  died  Oct.  5,  1867,  in  Kenosha,  \vis. 

SHOL^o,  CHRISTOPHER  LATHAM, 
journalist,  inventor,  was  born  Feb.  14, 
1819,  in  Mooresburg,  Pa.  In  addition  to 
his  work  as  a  journalist,  which  has  been 
his  profession  when  not  holding  office,  he 
has  interested  himself  in  inventions,  the 
most  important  of  which  is  the  typewrit 
ing  machine  that  was  introduced  through 
the  firm  of  E.  Remington  and  Sons.  In 
1873  this  invention  passed  into  the  hands 
of  the  Remingtons  for  manufacture,  since 
which  time  many  minor  improvements 
have  been  added  to  it,  increasing  its  use 
fulness. 

SHONK,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  26,  1850,  in  -Ply 
mouth,  Pa.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Luzerne  county,  Pa.,  in  1876,  and  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  at  Wilkesbarre  since. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

SHORT,  ALFRED,  manufacturer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1847,  in  Sharon, 
Pa.  He  attended  the  Richburg  academy, 
the  Friendship  acad 
emy,  and  the  Alfred 
academy,  in  the 
state  of  New  York. 
He  is  a  successful 
manufacturer  o  f 
North  East,  Pa.;  has 
been  mayor  of  his 
city,  and  president  of 
the  school  board.  In 
1878-79  he  served 
with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  state 
assembly  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  In  1888  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
democratic  national  convention  at  St. 
Louis;  and  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  political  affairs.  He  is  president 
of  the  People's  Savings  institution  of 
Erie  county,  and  president  of  the  Eureka 
Tempered  Copper  works  of  North  East. 
Pa. 

SHORT,  CHARLES,  college  president, 
author,  was  born  May  28,  1821,  in  Haver- 
hill,  Mass.  In  1863  he  became  seventh 
president  of  the  Kenyon  college,  and  is 
the  author  of  On  the  Order  of  Words  in 
Attic-Greek  Prose;  and  Mitchell's  Ancient 
Geography.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1886,  in 
New  York  city. 

SHORT.  CHARLES  WILKINS,  botan 
ist,  was  Dorn  Oct.  6,  1794,  in  Woodford 
county,  Ky.  In  1838  he  moved  to  Louis 
ville.  Ky.,  where  he  was  associated  with 
several  others  in  founding  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  Louisville, 
and  continued  to  hold  a  chair  in  that 
institution  until  1849.  when  he  retired.  He 
then  devoted  himself  to  the  collection  of 
plants  and  flowers,  and,  with  Dr.  Robert 
Peter  and  Henry  A.  Griswold,  prepared 
Plants  of  Kentucky.  He  died  March  7. 
1863,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

SHORTALL.  JOHN  GEORGE,  humani 
tarian,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1838,  in  Ireland. 


He  entered  upon  the  business  of  making 
records  of  abstracts  of  title  to  lands  in 
Cook  county.  111.  He  did  great  service  in 
the  collection  and  preservation  of  his  val 
uable  abstracts  of  title.  He  is  president 
of  the  Illinois  Humane  society,  and  is  as 
sociated  with  the  National  and  State  Hu 
mane  associations. 

SHORTER.  ELI  S..  lawyer,  planter, 
congressman,  was  born  March  15,  1823,  in 
Monticello,  Ga.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Alabama  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 

SHORTER,  JAMES  ALEXANDER, 
bishop,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1817,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  He  was  elected  bishop  of  the 
African-American  methodist  episcopal 
church  in  1868,  and  sent  more  fully  to 
organize  the  church  in  the  extreme  south 
west,  Arkansas,  Louisiana,  and  Texas. 
As  president  of  the  Missionary  society  of 
his  church,  he  has  succeeded  in  opening 
the  work  in  Hayti  and  Africa,  whither 
missionaries  have  been  sent. 

SHORTER.  JOHN  GILL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  in  1818  in  Jasper  county,  Ga. 
He  was  for  several  years  a  state  senator 
from  Alabama.  From  1855  to  1861  was 
circuit  judge  for  his  district.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  confederate  congress,  and 
was  governor  of  Alabama  from  1861  to 
1863.  He  died  May  29,  1872,  in  Eufaula, 
Ala. 

SHOTWELL,  AMBROSE  MILTON,  ge 
nealogist,  educator,  author,  was  born  May 
30,  1853,  in  Elba,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  a 
successful  teacher  in  schools  for  the  blind, 
and  is  now  embosser  of  literature  in  the 
Michigan  School  for  the  Blind  of  Lan 
sing.  He  is  the  author  of  Annals  of  Our 
Colonial  Ancestors  and  Their  Descend 
ants;  and  other  works. 

SHOUP,  FRANCIS  ASBIIRY,  soldier, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  born  March 
22,  1834,  in  Laurel,  Ind.  He  was  an  episco 
pal  clergyman  and  educator  of  Sewanee, 
Tenn.,  professor  of  metaphysics  in  the 
university  of  the  South,  and  a  confederate 
officer  In  the  civil  war.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Infantry  Tactics;  Artillery  Div 
ision  Drill;  and  Elements  of  Algebra.  He 
died  in  1896. 

SHOUP,  GEORGE  L.,  soldier,  merchant, 
governor.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
June  15,  1836,  in  Kittanning,  Pa.     He  en 
listed      in      Captain 
"    Backus's      independ 
ent       company       of 
scouts,  and  was  soon 
thereafter      commis 
sioned    second    lieu 
tenant,       and       was 
commissioned       col 
onel     of     the     third 
Colorado   cavalry   in 
1864.     He  engaged  in 
the  mercantile   busi 
ness       in       Virginia 
City,  Mont.,  in   1866, 
and   during  the  same  year  established   a 
business  at  Salmon  City,  Idaho;  and  since 
1866   has  been  engaged   in  mining,  stock 
raising,  mercantile,  and  other  business  in 
Idaho.      He   was  a   member  of   the  terri 
torial   legislature   during   the   eighth   and 
tenth    sessions.      He    was    Ignited    States 
commissioner    for   Idaho   at   the    World's 
Cotton  Centennial  exposition  at  New  Or 
leans,    La.,    in    1884-85,    and     was    again 
placed   on    the   republican   national   com 
mittee  in  1888,  re-elected  in  1892  and  again 
in  1896.     He  was  appointed   governor  of 
Idaho    territory    in    1889,    which    position 
he    held    until    elected    governor    of    the 
state  of  Idaho  in  1890.    He  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate  as  a  republican 


in  1890,  and  was  re-elected  in  1895.     His 
term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1901. 

SHOWALTER,  JOSEPH  B.,  educator, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1851,  near  Smithfield, 
Pa.  He  taught  school  in  Pennsylvania, 
West  Virginia,  Indiana,  and  Illinois.  He 
has  filled  numerous  local  offices  in  Chi- 
cora,  Pa.,  and  in  his  county  and  state. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

SHOWER,  JACOB,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1853  to  1855. 

SHRADY.  JOHN,  physician,  author. 
was  born  March  13,  1830,  in  New  York 
city,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
New  York  city,  and  is  the  author  of  Tran 
sactions;  The  Psychical  Aspects  of  In 
sanity;  The  Shadow  Line  of  Insanity; 
Signs  of  the  Moribund  Condition;  and 
Two  Hundred  Years  of  Medicine. 

SHREVE,  HENRY  MILLER,  inventor, 
born  Oct.  21,  1785,  in  Burlington  county, 
N.  J.  In  1815  he  ascended  the  Mississippi 
to  Louisville  in  the 
Enterprise,  the  first 
steam  vessel  that 
ever  performed  that 
voyage,  and  subse 
quently  he  built  the 
Washington  on  a 
plan  of  his  own  in 
vention,  with  im 
provements  that 
made  it  superior  to 
Robert  Fulton's  boat. 
In  1817  his  vessel 
made  its  first  trip 
laden  with  passengers  and  freight,  and 
demonstrated  its  superiority.  When  its 
success  was  thoroughly  shown,  Fulton  and 
his  associates,  having  the  exclusive  right 
to  navigate  all  vessels  propelled  by  fire 
and  steam  in  the  rivers  of  said  territory, 
entered  suit  against  him  and  seized  his 
boats;  but  the  case  was  decided  in  his 
favor.  In  1826  he  was  appointed  superin 
tendent  of  western  river  improvements, 
which  place  he  held  until  1841.  He  died 
March  6,  1854,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

SHREVE,  SAMUEL  HENRY,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1829,  in 
Trenton,  N.  J.  He  was  a  civil  engineer 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  The 
Strength  of  Bridges  and  Roofs.  He  died 
Nov.  27,  1884,  in  New  York  city. 

SHREVE,  THOMAS  H.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1808,  in  Alexan 
dria,  Va.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Louis 
ville,  and  the  author  of  Drayton,  an  Amer 
ican  Tale;  and  Poems.  He  died  Dec.  23, 
1853,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

SHRIVER.  ALFRED  JENKINS,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1867  in  Baltimore, 
Md..  where  he  has  attained  prominence 
as  a  successful  lawyer.  He  received  the 
degree  of  A.  B.  from  the  Johns  Hopkins 
university,  and  LL.  B.  from  the  law 
school  of  the  university  of  Maryland.  He 
is  the  author  of  several  monographs  on 
legal  subjects,  which  have  attracted  fa 
vorable  attention. 

SHUBRICK,  WILLIAM  BRADFORD, 
nai,a\  officer,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1790.  on 
Bull's  Island,  S.  C.  He  served  through 
the  Mexican  and  civil  wars,  attaining  for 
meritorious  sen  ices  the  rank  of  rear- 
admiral.  He  died  May  27,  1874,  in  Wash 
ington. 

SHUCK.  MRS.  HENRIETTA  [HALL], 
author,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1817,  in  Kilmar- 
nock,  Va.  She  was  the  wife  of  a  mission 
ary  in  China;  and  the  author  of  Scenes 
in  China.  She  died  Nov.  27.  1844.  in  Hong 
Kong,  China. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


847 


SHUCK,  WILLIAM  ROBERT,  lawyer. 
politician,  was  born  July  15,  1864,  in  Ar 
kansas.  He  studied  law  in  the  St.  Louis 
Law  school;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Houston,  and  has  attained  success  in  his 
profession  at  Eminence,  Mo.  He  has  been 
commissioner  of  his  county;  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  in  1896;  is  a  promi 
nent  democrat  in  politics;  and  has  served 
two  terms  on  the  staff  of  the  secretary  of 
.the  Missouri  senate. 

SHUEY,  MRS.  LILLIAN  HINNMAN, 
.author,  poet,  was  born  March  22,  1853,  in 
Toulon,  111.  She  is  a  writer  of  Lorin, 
Cal.;  the  author  of  two  prose  works  en 
titled  Hilda,  and  Don  Louis'  Wife;  and  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  California  Sun 
shine. 

SHUEY,  WILLIAM  JOHN,  journalist. 
was  born  Feb.  9.  1827,  in  Miamisburg, 
Ohio.  In  1866  he  became  sole  agent,  which 
position  he  has  since  occupied,  of  the 
United  Brethren  Publishing  house  of  Day 
ton,  Ohio. 

SHUFELDT,  ROBERT  WILSON,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1832,  in  Red 
Hook,  N.  Y.  He  became  a  midshipman 
in  1839;  served  in  the  Mexican  and  civil 
wars;  was  promoted  to  rear-admiral  in 
1883;  and  retired  the  following  year. 

SHUFORD,  ALONZO  CRAIG,  agricul 
turist,  congressman,  was  born  March  1, 
1858,  in  Catawba  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
made  county  lecturer  and  later  district 
lecturer  of  the  alliance;  was  elected  del 
egate  to  the  labor  conference  in  St.  Louis 
in  1892;  and  also  delegate  for  the  state 
at  large  to  the  populist  convention  in 
•Omaha  in  the  same  year.  He  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  state  alliance  in  1894; 
and  was  elected  from  North  Carolina  to 
the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  populist. 

SHULTZ,  EMANUEL,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
July  25,  1819,  in  Berks  county,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  in  1875  a  member  of  the  Ohio 
state  legislature  and  served  two  years; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-seventh  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

SHULTZ,  JAMES,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  July,  1848,  in  Van  Buren  county,  Iowa. 
He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of 
Kansas  at  Eureka;  and  prominent  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 
SHULTZ,  JOSEPH  S.,  educator,  author, 
poet,  was  born  March  13,  1863,  in  De 
•Graff,  Ohio.  For  many  years  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  and  English  liter 
ature  in  Wilder  college.  He  is  the  author 
•of  Observations  in  the  Northwest;  Look 
ing  Upward;  and  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems. 

SHULTZ,  THEODORE,  missionary, 
translator,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1770,  in  Ger 
many.  He  entered  the  foreign  mission 
field  of  the  Moravian  church  in  1799,  and 
was  sent  to  Surinam,  South  America, 
where  he  served  seven  years.  He  revised 
and  improved  a  Dictionary,  and  trans 
lated  a  Harmony  of  the  Gospels  into  the 
Arrawak  language.  He  died  Aug.  4,  1850. 
in  Salem,  N.  C. 

SHULZE,  JOHN  ANDREW,  state  legis 
lator,  governor,  was  born  July  19,  1775, 
in  Tulpehocken,  Pa.  He  represented  Leb 
anon  county  for  several  years  in  the  state 
legislature;  and  was  governor  of  Penn 
sylvania  from  1823  to  1829.  He  died  Nov. 
19,  1852,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

SHUMWAY.  FRANK  L.,  was  born  Jan. 
25,  1878,  in  Richmondville,  N.  Y.  He  has 
attained  success  as  an  educator;  and  re 
sides  in  Normal  Circle,  Oneonta,  N.  Y. 

SHUMWAY,  HENRY  COTTON,  soldier, 
artist,  was  born  July  4,  1807,  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  For  many  years  he  followed 


his  profession  as  a  miniature-painter  suc 
cessfully  in  New  York  and  other  cities. 
Among  the  numerous  eminent  men  that 
sat  to  him  were  Henry  Clay,  Daniel  Web 
ster,  and  Prince  Napoleon,  whose  por 
traits  he  painted  in  1838.  He  died  May  6. 
1884,  in  New  York. 

SHUNK,  FRANCIS  RAWN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1778, 
in  Trappe,  Pa.  He  established  himself  for 
the  practice  of  law  in  Pittsburg;  and  was 
governor  of  Pennsylvania  from  1845  to 
1848.  He  died  July  30,  1848,  in  Harrisburg. 
SHUPE,  HENRY  FOX,  journalist,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  March  18,  1860,  in  Scott- 
dale,  Pa.  In  1893  he  was  elected  editor 
of  The  Watchword  in  Dayton,  Ohio.  He 
has  been  one  of  the  most  earnest  advo 
cates  of  the  Christian  Endeavor  movement, 
and  for  several  years  served  the  cause  as 
one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  union. 

SHURTLEFF,  BENJAMIN,  physician, 
philanthropist.  He  donated  ten  thousand 
dollars  to  the  Baptist  college  of  Upper 
Alton,  111.  The  name  of  this  institution 
was  changed  in  1836  to  Shurtleff  college 
in  his  honor. 

SHURTLEFF,  ERNEST  WARBURTON, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  April 
4,  1862,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  congre 
gational  clergyman  and  verse-writer  of 
Plymouth,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Po 
ems;  Easter  Gleams;  Song  of  Hope; 
When  I  was  a  Child;  and  New  Year's 
Peace. 

SHURTLEFF,  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1819, 
in  Carver,  Mass.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  State  Medical  society  of 
California,  holding  this  position  until  1883. 
He  is  the  author  of  Medical  Jurisprudence 
of  Insanity;  The  Obscure  Forms  of  Epi 
lepsy  and  the  Responsibilities  of  Epilep 
tics;  and  Suicide. 

SHURTLEFF,  NATHANIEL  BRAD- 
STREET,  antiquarian,  author,  was  born 
June  29,  1810,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
an  antiquarian  of  Boston;  and  the  author 
of  Elements  of  Phrenology;  A  Perpetual 
Calendar  of  Old  and  New  Style;  Topo 
graphical  Description  of  Boston;  and  Pas 
sengers  of  the  Mayflower  in  1620.  With 
D.  Pulsifer  he  edited  The  Records  of  the 
Colony  of  New  Plymouth,  in  twelve  vol 
umes.  He  died  Oct.  17,  1874,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

SHURTLEFF,  ROSWELL  MORSE,  art 
ist,  was  born  June  14,  1838,  in  Rindge. 
N.  H.  His  animal  paintings  first  gained 
him  distinction,  and  of  these  the  best 
known  are  The  Wolf  at  the  Door,  and  A 
Race  for  Life.  Among  his  later  works  in 
oil,  most  of  which  are  scenes  in  the  Adi- 
rondacks,  are  On  the  Alert;  Autumn  Gold; 
Gleams  of  Sunshine  (1881);  and  A  Song 
of  Summer  Woods. 

SHUTE,  SAMUEL,  governor,  was  born 
in  1653  in  England.  During  1716-23  he 
was  governor  of  Massachusetts.  He  died 
April  15,  1742,  in  England. 

SHUTE,  SAMUEL  MOORE,  clergyman, 
educator  author,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1823, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1859  he  became 
professor  of  the  English  language  and 
literature  in  Columbian  university,  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  He  is  the  author  of  a  Man 
ual  of  Anglo-Saxon. 

SHUTTER,  MARION  DANIEL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1863,  in 
New  Philadelphia,  Ohio.  He  has  been  pas 
tor  of  the  Olivet  Baptist  church  of  Min 
neapolis,  Minn.,  and  is  now  pastor  of  the 
First  Universalist  church  of  that  city.  He 
is  the  author  of  Wit  and  Humor  of  the 
Bible;  Justice  and  Mercy;  and  Child  of 
Nature. 


SIBBET,  S.  D.,  physician,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  Northampton,  Pa.  For  a 
quarter  of  a  century  he  has  divided  his 
time  between  the  practice  of  medicine  and 
scientific  researches  in  Beaver  Falls,  Pa. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  medical 
books,  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

SIBLER,  WILHELM.  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1801  in  Prussia.  He 
was  a  Lutheran  clergyman  of  Missouri; 
and  the  author  of  Sermons  on  the  Epistles 
and  Gcspels  of  the  Christian  Year. 

SIBLER,  WILLIAM  BIENHAUSER, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1826, 
in  New  York  city.  In  1870-71  he  was  pres 
ident  of  Albion  college.  New  York  city. 
He  is  the  author  of  Progressive  Lessons  in 
Greek;  Elementary  Latin  Grammar;  A 
History  of  St.  James  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  at  Harlem,  New  York  city;  and 
Parallel  Classics. 

SIBLEY,  FRANK  J.,  lecturer,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1847,  in 
Royalton,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education 
at  Lockport  acad 
emy,  and  has  attain 
ed  success  as  a  tem 
perance  lecturer  and 
(I  author.  In  1877  he 
,»  KV)t  w  was  secretary  of  the 
prohibition  New 
York  state  central 
committee,  and  of 
Kansas  in  1880.  Dur 
ing  1882-85  he  was 
grand  chief  templar 
of  Good  Templars  of 
Nebraska;  and  since 
1893  has  filled  the  same  office  for  Georgia. 
During  1889-93  he  organized  a  company 
and  built  the  town  of  Demorest,  Ga.  He 
has  founded  various  newspapers,  and  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  works  on  Tem 
perance. 

SIBLEY,  HENRY  HASTINGS,  soldier, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1811,  in  Detroit,  Mich.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  congress  from  Minnesota  territory  from 
1849  to  1853.  In  1857  he  was  elected  its 
first  governor;  and  was  a  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers  during  the  rebellion. 
He  commanded  an  expedition  against  the 
Minnesota  Indians  in  1863;  and  was  sub 
sequently  brevetted  a  major-general  of 
volunteers.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1891,  i:i  St 
Paul,  Minn. 

SIBLEY,  HIRAM,  financier,  was  oorn 
Feb.  6,  1807,  in  North  Adams,  Mass.  He 
was  instrumental  in  obtaining  from  con 
gress  an  appropriation  in  aid  of  Morse's 
experiments  and  interested  himself  in  tel 
egraphy  from  the  beginning.  His  tele 
graphs  eventually  extended  over  thirteen 
states;  were  consolidated  under  the  name 
of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  company, 
of  which  he  was  president  for  seventeen 
years.  He  became  the  largest  owner  of 
improved  lands  in  the  United  States,  own 
ing  the  Burr  Oaks  farm  of  nearly  forty 
thousand  acres  in  Illinois;  and  the  How- 
land'  Island  farm  of  Cayuga,  N.  Y.  He 
gave  a  one  hundred  thousand  dollar  build 
ing  to  hold  a  public  library  and  the  col 
lections  of  the  Rochester  university;  and 
various  other  sums  were  donated  by  him. 
He  died  July  12,  1888,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

SIBLEY,  HIRAM  LUTHER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  May  4,  1836,  in 
Gustavus,  Ohio.  For  fourteen  years  he 
was  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
of  the  seventh  district  of  Ohio;  and  in 
1897  became  circuit  judge  of  the  fourth 
Ohio  circuit  for  a  term  of  six  years.  He 
has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  M.  and 
LL.  D.,  and  is  noted  as  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  Ohio  at  Marietta. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SIBLEY,  JOHN  LANGDON,  librarian, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1804,  in  Union, 
Maine.  He  was  the  librarian  of  Harvard 
university  in  1841-77;  and  the  author  of 
History  of  the  Town  of  Union,  Maine; 
and  Biographical  Sketches  of  Harvard 
University  Graduates.  He  died  Dec.  9, 
1885,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

SIBLEY,  JONAS,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  17,  1762,  in 
Sutton,  Mass.  From  1806  to  1823  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  legisla 
ture;  was  an  elector  for  president  in  1820; 
and  served  again  in  both  houses  of  the 
legislature.  He  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  Worcester  county  from  1823 
to  1825.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1834,  in  Sutton, 
Mass. 

SIBLEY,  JOSEPH  C.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1850,  in 
Friendship,  N.  Y.  He  is  extensively  en 
gaged  in  farming  and 
stock  raising;  is  a 
manufacturer  of  lu 
bricating  and  signal 
oils,  and  interested 
in  various  other  man 
ufacturing  and  busi 
ness  enterprises  He 
has  been  mayor  of 
Franklin,  Pa.;  and 
president  of  the 
Pennsylvania  State 
Dairymen's  associa 
tion.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
fifty-third  congress;  and  in  1896  his  name 
was  put  forward  for  the  presidency  of  the 
United  States  by  the  silver  party  of  the 
east. 

SIBLEY,  MARK  HOPKINS,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1796  in  Great  Barrington,  Mass.  •  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly 
in  1834  and  1835.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1837  to  1839;  and 
was  subsequently  a  state  senator;  and  in 
1846  a  county  judge.  He  died  Sept.  8,  1852, 
In  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 

SIBLEY.  SOLOMON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  7,  1769,  in  Sutton,  Mass.  He  moved 
to  Detroit,  Mich.,  in  1797;  and  in  1799 
was  elected  to  the  first  territorial  legisla 
ture  of  the  North-western  territory.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  congress  from  the  terri 
tory  of  Michigan  from  1820  to  1823;  and 
in  1824  was  appointed  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Michigan,  and  held  the 
office  until  1836.  He  died  April  4,  1846,  in 
Detroit,  Mich. 

SICKEL,  HORATIO  GATES,  soldier, 
was  born  April  2,  1817,  in  Belmont,  Pa. 
He  entered  the  United  States  service  in 
1861  as  colonel  of  the  third  regiment  of 
the  Pennsylvania  resene  corps,  and  suc 
ceeded  General  George  G.  Meade  in  the 
command  of  the  brigade.  He  died  April 
18,  1896,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SICKLES,  DANIEL  EDGAR,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  20,  1823,  in  New  York  city.  In 
1847  he  was  elected 
to  the  assembly  of 
New  York,  and  in 
1856  to  the  state  sen 
ate.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress  He  served  in 
the  union  army  dur 
ing  the  rebellion; 
lost  a  leg  in  battle, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  major-general  of 
volunteers.  In  1866  he  was  appointed 
minister  resident  to  the  Netherlands,  but 


declined.  He  was  subsequently  appointed 
a  colonel  in  the  regular  army;  and  in 
1867  was  brevetted  a  major-general  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  Get 
tysburg.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

SICKLES,  NICHOLAS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1835  to 
1837.  He  died  May  13,  1845,  in  Kingston, 
N.  Y. 

SIDELL,  WILL  TECUMSEH,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1865,  in  Monroe 
county,  Ohio.  For  many  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educational  work;  and  became 
superintendent  of  schools  for  Wetzel  coun 
ty,  W.  Va.  He  was  also  editor  of  the  Wet 
zel  Democrat  for  several  years.  He  is 
now  a  prominent  lawyer  of  New  Martins- 
\ille,  W.  Va.;  has  been  twice  mayor  of 
that  city;  and  has  been  connected  with  a 
number  of  building  and  loan  associations, 
and  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

SIDWELL.  MILTON  CRAVEN,  educa 
tor,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1855, 
in  Overton  county,  Tenn.  He  has  held  the 
office  of  county  surveyor  of  Clay  county, 
Tenn.;  was  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  for  four  years  of  Pickett  county, 
and  four  years  held  the  same  position  in 
Clay  county,  Tenn.;  and  attained  success 
as  an  educator.  He  is  a  prominent  law 
yer  of  Celina,  Tenn.;  has  held  the  posi 
tion  of  special  judge  in  five  courts;  has 
been  attorney  general  pro  tempore;  ami 
has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  politics. 
He  stands  high  in  Masonry;  and  is  a 
member  of  several  fraternal  orders. 

SIGEL,  FRANZ,  soldier,  was  born  Nov. 
18,  1824,  in  Germany.  He  served  with  dis 
tinction  through  the  civil  war,  attaining 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 

SIGOURNEY,  MRS.  LYDIA  HOWARD 
[HUNTLY],  author,  poet,  was  born  Sept. 
1,  1791,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  She  was  one 
of  the  most  popular 
of  the  earlier  Ameri 
can  writers.  She  was 
nearly  all  her  life  a 
resident  of  Hartford. 
Among  her  prose 
writings  are  Myrtis; 
Post  Meridian;  Let 
ters  to  My  Pupils; 
Letters  to  Young  La 
dies;  Traits  of  the 
Aborigines  in  Ameri 
ca;  and  Letters  of 
Life.  Other  Works 

are  Pocahontas;  Moral  Pieces  in  Prose 
and  Verse;  Poetry  for  Children;  and  Zin- 
zendorf,  and  Other  Poems.  She  died  June 
10,  1865,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

SIGSBEE,  CHARLES  D.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  the  state  of  New  York.  Dur 
ing  1859-63  he  attended  the  naval  academy 
and  served  in  the 
civil  war  in  the  west 
gulf  squadron.  He 
was  in  the  battle  of 
Mobile  bay,  and  at 
both  attacks  at  Fort 
Fisher;  and  in  the 
final  assault  on  same. 
In  1867  he  was  com 
missioned  lieutenant, 
and  lieutenant-com 
mander  in  1868.  Dur 
ing  1869-71  he  was 
on  duty  at  the  naval 

academy;  and  was  promoted  to  command 
er  In  1882.  He  was  in  command  of  the 
warship  Maine,  which  was  destroyed  by 
a  sub-marine  mine  in  Havana  harbor.  He 
rendered  important  service  during  the 
Spanish-American  war. 


SIKES,  MRS.  OLIVE  [LOGAN],  actress,, 
author,  was  born  in  1841  in  New  York.  She- 
is  an  actress  and  author,  popular  at  one 
period  as  a  lecturer;  and  the  author  of 
Photographs  of  Paris  Life;  Chateau 
Frissac,  or  Home  Scenes  in  France;  John 
Morris's  Money;  Somebody's  Stockings; 
Apropos  of  Women  and  Theaters;  Before 
the  Footlights  and  Behind  the  Scenes; 
The  Mimic  World;  Get  Thee  Behind  Me, 
Satan;  and  They  Met  by  Chance,  a  novel. 
SIKES,  WILLIAM  WIRT,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1836  in  Watertown, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city  who  was  consul  at  Cardiff,  Wales,  in 
1876-83;  and  the  author  of  British  Gob 
lins;  Welsh  Folk-Lore;  One  Poor  Girl; 
Rambles  and  Studies  in  Old  South  Wales; 
and  Studies  of  Assassination.  He  died 
Aug.  19.  1883,  in  London,  England. 

SILKMAN,  THEODORE  HANNIBAL, 
lawyer,  public  official,  was  born  March  25, 
1858,  in  New  York  city.  He  received  his 
education  in  Hooper's  academy  of  Yonk- 
t>is.  N.  Y.  In  1879  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  has  since  practiced  law  con 
tinuously  in  New  York  city.  He  has  been 
United  States  commissioner  for  the  city 
of  Yonkers;  police  commissioner  for  six 
years;  and  is  now  president  of  the  board. 
He  began  a  term  of  six  years  as  surrogate 
of  West  Chester  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1895. 
SILL,  EDWARD  ROWLAND,  educator, 
poet,  was  born  April  29,  1841,  in  Windsor, 
Conn.  He  was  a  poet  and  educator  of 
Cuyahoga  Falls,  Ohio,  and  professor  in  the 
unhersity  of  California  in  1874-82.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Hermitage,  and  Later 
Poems;  and  Poems.  He  died  Feb.  27, 
1887.  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

SILL.  JOHN  MAHELON  BERRY,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1831,  in 
Black  Rot'k,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  Michigan  edu 
cator  of  prominence,  principal  of  the  State 
Normal  school;  and  the  author  of  Syn 
thesis  of  the  English  Sentence;  and  Prac 
tical  Lessons  in  English. 

SILL,  JOSHUA  WOODROW,  soldier, 
was  born  Dec.  6,  1831,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  in  April 
he  at  once  offered  his  services  to  the 
governor  of  Ohio,  and  was  commissioned 
assistant  adjutant-general  of  that  state. 
He  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  thir 
ty-third  Ohio  volunteers,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  He  died  Dec. 
31,  1862,  in  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

SILL,  THOMAS  H.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  In  1826 
he  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was 
again  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1829  to  1831. 

SILLIMAN,  AUGUSTUS  ELY,  financier, 
author,  was  born  April  11,  1807,  in  New 
port,  R.  I.  He  was  a  banker  of  New  York 
city  who  published  A  Gallop  Among 
American  Scenery.  He  died  May  30,  1884, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

SILLIMAN,  BENJAMIN,  educator,  nat 
uralist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1779,  in 
North  Stratford,  Conn.  He  was  a  chemist 
of  distinction,  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry 
at  Yale  university  in 
1802-55;  and  the 
founder  in  1818  of 
Silliman's  Journal  of 
Science  and  Art.  He 
was  the  author  of 
Journal  of  Travels 
in  England;  Narra 
tive  of  a  Visit  to 
Europe  (1853);  Ele 
ments  of  Chemistry; 
and  Consistency  of 

Modern  Geology  with  Sacred  History.    He 
died  Nov.  24,  1864,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


849 


SILLIMAN,  BENJAMIN,  chemist,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  4,  1816,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  was  a  professor  of  chemistry 
at  Yale  university  from  1846  until  his 
death,  and  editor  of  Silliman's  Journal. 
He  was  the  author  of  First  Principles  of 
Chemistry;  American  Contributions  to 
Chemistry;  and  Principles  of  Physics.  He 
died  Jan.  14,  1885,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

SILLIMAN,  BENJAMIN  DOUGLAS, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Sept. 
14,  1805,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  elected 
to  the  New  York  legislature  in  1838.  In 
1865  he  was  appointed  United  States  at 
torney  for  the  eastern  district  of  New 
York. 

SILLIMAN,  GOLD  SELLECK,  soldier, 
was  born  May  7,  1732,  in  Fairfleld,  Conn. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  revolutionary  war 
he  was  colonel  of  cavalry  in  -the  local 
militia.  During  the  greater  part  of  the 
war  he  held  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
and  was  charged  with  the  defense  of  the 
southwestern  frontier  of  Connecticut, 
which,  owing  to  the  long  occupation  of 
New  York  city  by  the  British,  was  a  duty 
that  required  much  vigilance.  He  died 
July  31,  1790,  in  Fairfield,  Conn. 

SILLOWAY,  THOMAS  WILLIAM,  arch 
itect,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  7, 
1828,  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  is  a  Bos 
ton  architect  who  became  a  universalist 
minister  in  1862;  and  the  author  of  Theo- 
gonis;  Text-Book  of  Modern  Carpentry; 
Warming  and  Ventilation;  and  Cathedral 
Towns  of  England. 

SILSBEE,  MRS.  MARIANNE  CABOT 
[DEVEREUX],  author,  was  born  in  1812. 
She  was  a  Boston  writer  who  published  A 
Half  Century  in  Salem,  and  several  com 
pilations  of  poems.  .She  died  in  1889. 

SILSBEE,  NATHANIEL,  merchant, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  in  1773  in  Essex  county,  Mass.  He 
was  frequently  elected  to  the  Massachu 
setts  state  legislature;  and  was  for  three 
years  president  of  the  state  senate.  He 
served  as  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1816  to  1820;  and  was  a  senator  of 
the  United  States  from  1826  to  1835.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1837.  He  died 
July  1,  1850,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

SILSBY,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  farmer, 
was  born  Aug.  31,  1832,  in  Union  county, 
Pa.  He  served  with  distinction  during 
the  civil  war  in  the 
union  army.  He  was 
first  lieutenant  of 
company  I,  and  cap 
tain  of  company  A, 
in  the  tenth  regi 
ment  Iowa  volunteer 
infantry;  and  was 
promoted  to  lieuten 
ant  and  colonel  of 
his  regiment.  He  is 
now  a  successful 
farmer  of  Ashland, 
Oregon. 

SILVER,  THOMAS,  civil  engineer,  in 
ventor,  author,  was  born  June  17,  1830,  in 
Greenwich,  N.  J.  He  was  a  civil  engineer 
well  known  as  an  inventor;  and  the  au 
thor  of  A  Trip  to  the  North  Pole,  or  The 
ory  of  the  Origin  of  Icebergs.  He  died 
April  12,  1888,  in  New  York  city. 

SILVESTER,  PETER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
New  York.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Al 
bany  committee  of  safety  in  1774;  and  of 
the  New  York  provincial  congress.  He 
was  a  judge  of  the  common  pleas  in  1776; 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  first  con 
gress  under  the  federal  constitution.  He 
was  subsequently  a  state  senator.  He  died 
Jan.  30,  1845,  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 
54 


SILVESTER,  PETER  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1807,  in  Kin 
derhook,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1847 
to  1851. 

SILVESTER,  RICHARD  WILLIAM, 
educator,  agriculturist,  was  born  Sept.  16, 
1857,  in  Norfolk,  Va.  In  1877  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  Virginia  Military  institute. 
The  same  year  he  was  elected  professor 
of  mathematics  and  military  tactics  at  the 
Charlotte  academy;  in  1886  the  chair  of 
German  was  added  to  his  duties;  and  in 
1889  he  was  elected  principal  of  the  same 
institution.  In  1890  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  Maryland  Agricultural  col 
lege,  and  has  since  filled  that  position 
with  distinction. 

SIMKINS,  ARTHUR,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  about  1750  in 
Virginia.  At  the  beginning  of  the  revolu 
tionary  war  he  took  sides  with  the  pa 
triots,  and  his  place,  known  as  Cedar 
Fields,  was  burned  by  the  tories.  After  the 
war  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  gen 
eral  assembly,  and  retained  his  seat  for 
nearly  twenty  years.  He  died  in  1826  in 
Edgefield,  S.  C. 

SIMKINS,  ELDRED,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29, 
1779,  in  Edgefield,  S.  C.  He  served  fre 
quently  in  the  legislature;  was  lieutenant- 
governor  of  South  Carolina  in  1812;  and 
was  a  general  of  militia.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  South  Caro 
lina  from  1817  to  1821.  He  died  in  1832  in 
Edgefield,  S.  C. 

SIMMONS,  F.  M.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  20,  1854,  in  Jones  county, 
S.  C.  In  1876  he  moved  to  New  Berne,  N. 
C.,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  prac 
ticed  his  profession.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

SIMMONS,  GEORGE  A.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1771  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  assembly  of  New  Hampshire;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  thirty-third  and  thirty- 
fourth  congresses.  He  died  Oct.  27,  1857, 
in  Keesville,  N.  Y. 

SIMMONS,  GEORGE  FREDERICK, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  24, 
1814,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  well- 
known  clergyman  of  Massachusetts,  and 
the  state  of  New  York;  and  published  a 
number  of  sermons  and  religious  works. 
He  died  Sept.  5,  1855,  in  Concord,  Mass. 

SIMMONS,  GUSTAVUS  LINCOLN,  sur 
geon,  physician,  author,  was  born  March 
13,  1832,  in  Hingham,  Mass.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  physician  and  surgeon  of  Sacra 
mento,  Cal.;  and  is  the  author  of  The 
Feigned  Insanity  of  the  Public  Adminis 
trator  and  Murderer  Troy  Dye. 

SIMMONS,  JAMES,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  11,  1821,  in  Middle- 
bury,  Vt.  Besides  filling  several  minor  of 
fices  he  was  clerk  of  the  county  circuit 
court  of  Wisconsin  from  1861  till  1871.  He 
has  published  Simmons's  Wisconsin  Di 
gest;  Supplements  to  the  same;  Supple 
ment  to  Wait's  Digest,  New  York  Re 
ports;  and  Simmons's  New  Wisconsin  Di 
gest. 

SIMMONS,  JAMES  FOWLER,  farmer, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1795,  in  Little 
Compton,  R.  I.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
general  assembly  of  Rhode  Island  from 
1828  to  1841.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1841  for  six  years  to 
March  3,  1847;  and  was  again  chosen  sen 
ator  for  the  term  beginning  March  4, 
1857.  He  died  July  10,  1864,  in  Johnson, 
R.  I. 


SIMMONS,  JAMES  WRIGHT,  poet,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  published 
Blue  Beard,  a  Poem;  and  The  Greek  Girl. 
A  series  of  metrical  tales,  Wood  Notes 
from  the  West,  remain  in  manuscript. 
Verses  by  both  brothers  may  be  found 
in  Duyckinck's  Cyclopaedia  of  American 
Literature. 

SIMMONS,  P.  R.,  business  man,  was 
born  April  14,  1874,  in  Yankton,  S.  D.  For 
many  years  he  has  been  identified  with  the 
lumber  business,  and  is  prominent  in  the 
public  affairs  of  Madison,  Wis. 

SIMMONS,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  25,  1837,  in 
Crawford  county,  Ga.  In  1871  and  1875 
he  was  elected  state  senator  from  Geor 
gia;  in  1878  judge  of  the  superior 
court;  and  in  1887  chief  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court. 

SIMMONS,  WILLIAM  HAYNE,  poet, 
was  born  about  1875  in  South  Carolina. 
While  in  Charleston  he  published  anony 
mously  an  Indian  poem  entitled  Onea.  He 
is  also  the  author  of  A  History  of  the 
Seminoles. 

SIMMONS,  WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  29,  1849, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  is  a  baptist  min 
ister  of  African  birth  who  has  published 
Men  of  Mark. 

SIMMS,  JEPTHA  ROOT,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  31,  1807,  in  Canterbury,  Conn. 
In  1829  he  began  the  retail  dry  goods  bus 
iness  in  New  York 
city;  and  three  years 
later  continued  the 
business  in  Schoha- 
rie  county,  N.  Y. 
After  1842  he  filled 
the  office  of  toll  col- 

^^  lector,   and   for  nine 

^      I    years       was       ticket 
jdj^^igf^HL     I    agent.        His     spare 
^^i     hours  were  employed 
I    in   collecting  an   as- 
V^HHM    sortment    of    fossils, 
which    he    sold    for 

five  thousand  dollars  to  the  state  of  New 
York  for  the  Geological  museum  of  Al 
bany.  He  was  a  rapid  writer  and  a  vol 
uminous  contributor  to  current  literature. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  History  of  Scho- 
harie  County;  The  American  Spy,  Nathan 
Hale;  Trappers  of  New  York;  The  Fron 
tiersmen;  and  numerous  lectures  and  po 
ems.  He  died  May  31,  1883,  in  Fort  Plain, 
N.  Y. 

SIMMS,  JOSEPH,  physiognomist,  lectur 
er,  author,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1833,  in  Plain- 
field  Center,  N.  Y.     He  received  his  edu 
cation   at    the   acad- 
!   emy    of    West    Win- 
'  field,  N.  Y.;  and  has 
,  attained  success  and 
^^£      a  world-wide  reputa- 
4^P        \  tion  as  a  lecturer  on 
physiognomy.  During 
1854-84   he   delivered 
lectures  in   all   parts 
of     the     world,     his. 
principal   lecture  be 
ing  How  to  Rise  in 
the  World.  He  taught 
school  in  New  York, 

New  Jersey,  Wisconsin,  and  Illinois,  later 
studied  medicine  and  surgery,  and  prac 
ticed  his  profession  for  a  short  time.  Dur 
ing  1854-84  he  lectured  on  physiognomy 
and  physiology  with  marked  success  in 
all  parts  of  the  world.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  Physiognomical  Chart;  Nature's  Rev 
elations  of  Character;  Book  of  Scientific 
Lectures;  Health  and  Character;  Practi 
cal  and  Scientific  Physiognomy;  and  other 
works. 


850 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    FIOGRAPH ':'. 


SIMMS,  WILLIAM  E.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the  thir 
ty-sixth  congress. 

SIMMS,  WILLIAM  G1LMORE,  author, 
poet,  was  born  April  17,  1806,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  was  a  voluminous  romancer 
and  verse-writer  of  Charleston.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Partisan;  The  Yemas- 
see;  Guy  Rivers;  Martin  Faber;  Border 
Beagles;  Beauchampe;  and  twelve  vol 
umes  of  verse:  Atlantis;  Lays  of  the  Pal 
metto;  and  Areytos,  or  Songs  and  Ballads 
of  the  South.  Other  works  of  his  include 
A  History  of  South  Carolina;  and  Lives  of 
Marion,  General  Greene,  Captain  John 
Smith,  and  Chevalier  Bayard.  He  died 
June  11,  1870,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

SIMONDS,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1822,  in  Charles 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  journalist 
who  was  a  very  popular  writer  for  young 
people;  and  the  author  of  The  Aimwell 
Stories;  The  Boys'  Own  Guide;  and  Boys' 
Book  of  Morals  and  Manners.  He  died  July 
7,  1859,  in  Winchester,  Mass. 

SIMONDS,  WILLIAM  EDGAR,  soldier, 
lecturer,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  25,  1841,  in  Collinsville,  Conn.  Since 
^^^^^^^^^^^  1865  he  has  practiced 
law  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  During  1884- 
93  he  filled  the  lec 
tureship  on  patent 
law  in  the  Yale  Law 
school;  and  for  three 
years  in  1891-93  filled 
the  same  chair  in  the 
Columbia  university 
of  Washington,  D.  C. 
In  1882  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the 
Connecticut  state  leg 
islature;  and  in  1885  received  the  re 
election  and  was  made  speaker.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-first  congress  in 
1889-91 ;  and  was  United  States  commis 
sioner  of  patents  in  1891-93.  He  is  the 
author  of  Design  Patents;  Digest  of  Pat 
ent  Office  Decisions;  Digest  of  Patent 
Cases;  and  Summary  of  Patent  Law. 

SIMONS,  MICHAEL  LAIRD,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1843,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  edited  Stodart's  Review; 
condensed  D'Aubigne's  History  of  the  Re 
formation;  published  Half-Hours  with  the 
Best  Preachers;  and  continued  Duyck- 
inck's  Cyclopaedia  of  American  Literature, 
adding  about  one  hundred  new  names 
down  to  1873.  His  last  work  is  an  extensive 
History  of  the  World.  He  died  Nov.  17, 
1880,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SIMONS,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1792.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Connecticut  from  1843  to 
1845.  He'died  Jan.  13,  1847,  in  Bridgeport, 
Conn. 

SIMONS.  THOMAS,  lawyer,  was  born 
Dec.  17,  1834,  in  Burmah.  In  1865  he 
moved  to  New  York  city,  and  became  as 
sistant  United  States  attorney,  serving  un 
til  1875,  when  he  was  appointed  an  assis 
tant  attorney-general  of  the  United  States, 
residing  at  Washington. 

SIMONS,  THOMAS  YOUNG,  soldier, 
journalist,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  was 
born  Oct.  1,  1828,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In 
1854-60  he  was  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  legislature,  and  in  the  latter  year 
a  presidential  elector.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  that  passed  the  or 
dinance  of  secession  in  December,  1860, 
and  In  the  civil  war  he  served  as  captain 
of  the  twenty-seventh  South  Carolina  reg 
iment,  and  later  as  judge-advocate.  He 
died  April  30,  1878,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 


SIMONSON,  JOHN  SMITH,  soldier, 
was  born  June  2,  1796,  in  Uniontown,  Pa. 
At  the  opening  of  the  civil  war  he  was 
made  superintendent  of  the  volunteer  re 
cruiting  service  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and 
he  continued  on  active  military  duty  till 
1869.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  United  States  army  for  long  and 
faithful  service.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1881,  in 
New  Albany,  Ind. 

SIMONTON.  CHARLES  BRYSON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
8,  1838,  in  Tipton  county,  Tenn.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  state  house  of  represen 
tatives  in  1877  and  1878;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Tennessee  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses. 

SIMONTON,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1839  to  1843.  He  died  May 
18,  1846,  in  Hanover,  Pa. 

SIMPKINS,  JOHN,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  27,  1862,  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass.  He  served  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  state  senate  in  1890  and  1891; 
and  was  a  presidential  elector  for  Harri 
son  and  Reid  in  1892.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses. 

SIMPSON,  CHARLES  WESLEY,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1857,  in  De  Witt 
county,  Tex.  In  1885  he  graduated  from 
the  Southwestern  university  of  George 
town,  Tex.,  and  received  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the 
Spokesman  of  Colorado,  Tex.  He  has  been 
county  treasurer,  postmaster,  census  enu 
merator,  and  filled  various  other  public 
positions  of  trust. 

SIMPSON,  EDWARD,  naval  officer,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  3,  1824,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  naval  officer  of  promi 
nence,  rear-admiral  from  1884;  and  the 
author  of  Ordnance  and  Naval  Gunnery; 
The  Naval  Mission  to  Europe;  and  Re 
port  of  the  Gun  Foundry  Board.  He  died 
Dec.  2,  1888.  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SIMPSON,  GEORGE  SEMMES,  pioneer, 
was  born  May  7,  1818,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
After  various  experiences  in  Wyoming. 
Colorado,  and  New  Mexico  he  built  the 
old  fort  in  1842  where  the  city  of  Pueblo 
now  stands.  He  died  Sept.  4,  1885,  in  Trin 
idad,  Colo.,  and  was  buried  in  a  tomb 
( ut  out  of  the  solid  rock  on  the  summit  of 
a  mountain  known  as  Simpson's  Nest, 
where  he  had  once  found  shelter  from  the 
Indians.  A  monument  marks  the  spot. 

SIMPSON,  HARVEY  S..  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  1854  in  Laurens,  S.  C. 
Since  1891  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Glenn  Springs  railroad,  South  Carolina. 

SIMPSON,  HENRY,  author,  was  born  in 
1790  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  Philadel 
phia  author  who  published  Lives  of  Emi 
nent  Philadelphians.  He  died  March  25, 
1868,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SIMPSON,  JAMES  HERVEY,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  March  9,  1813,  in  New 
Jersey.  He  was  a  colonel  of  engineers  and 
brevet  brigadier-general  in  the  United 
States  army.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Shortest  Route  to  California;  and  Coron- 
ado's  March  in  Search  of  the  Seven  Cities 
of  Cibola.  He  died  March  2,  1883,  in  St. 
Paul,  Minn. 

SIMPSON,  JERRY,  sailor,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  31,  1842,  in 
New  Brunswick.  In  1878  he  drifted  to 
Kansas  and  is  now  living  six  miles  from 
Medicine  Lodge,  Barber  county,  where  he 
is  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  farmers'  alli 
ance  candidate;  and  was  nominated  for 
the  fifty-fourth  congress,  but  was  defeated 
at  the  election;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  demo-populist. 


SIMPSON,  JOSIAH,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  In  1812  he  was 
appointed  United  States  judge  for  the  ter 
ritory  of  Mississippi. 

SIMPSON,  MARCUS  DE  LAFAYETTE, 
soldier,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1824,  in  Es- 
perance,  N.  Y.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  the  commissary-general's  office, 
and  he  was  brevetted  colonel,  brigadier- 
general,  and  major-general  in  1865. 

SIMPSON,  MATTHEW,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  June  20,  1811,  in  Cadiz,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  methodist  bishop  famous  as  a 
pulpit  orator;  and 
the  author  of  Lec 
tures  on  Preaching; 
A  Hundred  Years  of 
Methodism;  S  e  r- 
mons;  and  Cyclo 
paedia  of  Methodism. 
During  1839-49  he 
was  president  of  the 
Indiana  Asbury  uni 
versity,  now  called 
the  De  Pauw  univer 
sity.  He  rendered 
vast  services  to  the 
country  during  the  civil  war;  was  often 
sent  for  to  visit  Washington;  and  as 
early  as  1861  he  had  suggested  the  neces 
sity  of  an  emancipation  proclamation.  He 
died  June  18,  1884,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SIMPSON,  RICHARD  P.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  South  Carolina. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  his  na 
tive  state;  and  was  a  representative  In 
congress  from  South  Carolina  in  1843-47. 

SIMPSON,  W.  D.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  June  11,  1803,  in  Brunswick  county, 
Va.  In  1856  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  the  South  Carolina  state  legisla 
ture;  and  was  re-elected.  He  was  elected 
a  state  senator  in  1860.  He  entered  the 
confederate  army  as  lieutenant-colonel  on 
staff  duty;  and  was  afterward  major  and 
lieutenant-colonel  in  the  line.  In  1863  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  con 
federate  congress;  and  in  1868  was  elected 
a  representative  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  forty-first  congress.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  South  Car 
olina;  and  was  re-elected  in  1878.  In  1879 
he  became  governor  of  the  state  by  the 
election  of  Governor  Hampton  to  the 
United  States  senate;  and  in  that  year 
was  elected  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state  for  the  term  of  six 
years  from  1880. 

SIMPSON,  WILLIAM  ALEXANDER, 
lawyer,  scientist,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
24,  1836,  in  Knox  county,  Tenn.  He  has 
been  county  surveyor  of  Roane  and  Lou- 
don  counties,  Tenn.;  for  sixteen  years 
a  member  of  the  magistrate's  court  of 
London  county;  and  for  twenty-three 
years  postmaster  of  Stockton.  He  is  a 
noted  scientist,  and  the  author  of  A  Com 
mon  Sense  Commentary  on  the  Bible. 

SIMS,  ALEXANDER  DROMGOOLE, 
educator,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
June  11,  1803,  in  Brunswick  county,  Va. 
He  served  in  the  South  Carolina  state  leg 
islature  in  1840  and  1842;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  from  South  Carolina  from 
1845  to  1848.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1848,  in 
Kingstree,  S.  C. 

SIMS,  CHARLES  N.,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  May  18,  1835. 
in  Union  county,  Ind.  In  1860  he  became 
president  of  Valparaiso  college,  Indiana; 
and  in  1862  was  appointed  to  a  pastoral 
charge  in  Richmond,  Ind.  Since  1880  he 
has  been  chancellor  of  Syracuse  univer 
sity.  In  1882  and  1883  he  was  appointed 
commissioner  to  the  Onondaga  Indian  na 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  a  Life  of  Thomas 
M.  Eddy. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


851 


SIMS,  CLIFFORD  STANLEY,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1839,  in  Dau 
phin  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Ar 
kansas,  and  latterly  of  New  Jersey,  whose 
principal  work  is  The  Origin  and  Signifi 
cation  of  Scottish  Surnames.  He  died  in 
1896. 

SIMS,  HARRY  MARION,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1851, 
in  Montgomery,  Ala.  He  established  him 
self  in  New  York  city,  giving  much  atten 
tion  to  gynecology,  on  which  subject  he 
has  lectured  for  several  years  before  the 
New  York  polyclinic.  He  has  prepared  an 
American  edition  of  Dr.  Grailly  Hewitt's 
work  on  Diseases  of  Women,  with  addi 
tions  showing  the  later  improvements  in 
gynecology  in  this  country. 

SIMS,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  architect, 
was  born  Dec.  22,  1832,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  long  the  secretary  for  foreign 
correspondence  of  the  American  Institute 
of  Architects.  He  designed  many  city  and 
country  residences  and,  among  other  pub 
lic  buildings,  the  Columbia  Avenue  and 
Second  Presbyterian  churches  in  Philadel 
phia,  the  chapel  at  Mercersburg,  Pa.,  the 
court-house  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  and  the 
almshouse  of  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  He 
died  July  10,  1875,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SIMS,  JAMES  MARION,  physician,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1813,  in 
Lancaster  county,  S.  C.  He  was  a  cele 
brated  surgeon  of  New  York  city  to  whose 
influence  is  due  the  establishment  of 
gynaecology  as  a  department  of  medicine; 
and  the  author  of  Clinical  Notes  on  Uter 
ine  Surgery;  Ovariotomy;  and  The  Story 
of  My  Life.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1883,  in 
New  York  city. 

SIMS,  JAMES  PEACOCK,  architect, 
was  born  Nov.  15,  1849,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  designed,  besides  many  private 
residences,  the  building  of  the  Royal  In 
surance  company,  Christ  church  and  Holy 
Trinity  Memorial  chapels,  Philadelphia, 
and  Christ  church  in  Germantown.  He 
died  May  20,  1882,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SIMS,  LEONARD  H.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Missouri 
from  1845  to  1847. 

SIMS,  THETUS  WILLRETTE,  educa 
tor,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April 
25,  1852,  in  Wayne  county,  Tenn.  He  was 
elected  county  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  for  Perry  county,  Tenn.,  in 
1882,  and  held  that  office  for  two  years. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

SIMS,  WINFIELD  SCOTT,  inventor, 
was  born  April  6,  1844,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  the  first  to  apply  electricity  for 
the  propulsion  and  guidance  of  movable 
torpedoes  for  harbor  and  coast  defense. 
His  torpedo  is  a  submarine  boat,  with  a 
cylindrical  hull  of  copper  and  conical  ends, 
supplied  with  a  screw  propeller  and  rud 
der. 

SINCLAIR,  BREVARD  D.,  lawyer, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1859, 
in  Charlotte.  N.  C.  He  graduated  from 
the  Mantua  academy  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
the  Princeton  university,  and  the  Prince 
ton  Theological  seminary.  During  1877-84 
he  was  a  member  of  the  bar  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Ohio,  North  Carolina,  and 
the  United  States  supreme  court  at  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  He  then  became  a  clergy 
man  of  the  presbyterian  church,  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in  Fowlerville,  N.  Y. ; 
Newburyport,  Mass.;  Seattle,  Wash.; 
and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  St.  Mark's 
church  of  Yreka,  Cal.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Crowning  Sin  of  the  Age,  and  other 
works. 


SINCLAIR,  CARRIE  BELL,  poet,  was 
born  May  23,  1839,  in  Milledgeville,  Ga. 
She  is  a  verse  writer  of  Philadelphia;  and 
the  author  of  Poems;  and  Heart  Whispers, 
or  Echoes  of  Song. 

SINCLAIR,  CHARLES  E.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  ap 
pointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Utah. 

SINCLAIR,  DANIEL,  journalist,  was 
born  Jan.  12,  1833,  in  Scotland.  For  twen 
ty  years  he  was  pastor  of  Winona,  Minn, 
where  he  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the 
Daily  Republican. 

SINCLAIR,  EDGAR  LAFAYETTE, 
educator,  clergyman,  was  born  Oct.  21, 
1851,  in  Branch  county,  Mich.  He  at 
tended  the  Leoni  College  of  the  United 
Brethren;  the  Olivet  college;  the  Ohio 
Normal  university,  from  which  institution 
he  graduated  in  1874.  For  many  years 
he  was  engaged  in  educational  work,  and 
became  superintendent  of  schools.  During 
1879-81  he  attended  Albion  college;  has 
attained  prominence  as  one  of  the  leading 
clergymen  in  the  methodist  episcopal 
church  of  Michigan,  and  now  fills  a  pas 
torate  at  Shelby. 

SINCLAIR,  JOSEPH  F.,  manufacturer, 
was  born  May  28,  1847.  in  Nova  Scotia. 
In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  United  States 
marine  corps,  and  was  honorably  dis 
charged  from  the  Naval  hospital  of  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.,  in  May,  1865.  In  1879  he  moved 
to  Washington  territory;  built  the  first 
saw-mill  in  Ballard,  and  in  1888  was  pres 
ident  and  manager  of  the  same.  In  1892 
he  became  interested  in  the  West  Coast 
Mining  and  Iron  company,  of  which  he  is 
still  vice-president.  In  1893  he  was  elected 
department  commander  of  Washington 
and  Alaska  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 
He  has  filled  various  public  offices  in  the 
gift  of  the  people  of  Yakima  City,  Wash., 
and  takes  an  active  part  in  public  affairs. 

SINGER,  ISAAC  MERRITT,  inventor, 
was  born  Oct.  27,  1811,  in  Oswego,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  machinist,  and  devoted  himself 
entirely  to  the  study  of  improving  sew 
ing-machines.  After  years  of  close  appli 
cation  he  succeeded  in  completing  a  sin 
gle-thread,  chain-stitch  machine,  for 
which  he  received  a  patent.  He  died  July 
23,  1875,  in  England. 

SINGER,  OTTO,  musician,  composer, 
was  born  July  26,  1833,  in  Germany.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Landing  of  the  Pil 
grim  Fathers;  Festival  Ode;  and  has 
contributed  to  periodicals  articles  on  his 
torical  and  assthetical  subjects.  He  died 
in  January,  1894,  in  New  York  city. 

SINGERLY,  WILLIAM  MISKEY,  pro 
prietor  of  The  Philadelphia  Record,  was 
born  Dec.  27,  1832,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
In  1877  he  bought  The  Philadelphia  Re 
cord;  and  he  brought  the  daily  sales  from 
5,000  to  more  than  100,000  copies,  and 
made  the  enterprise  profitable.  He  died  in 
1898. 

SINGISER,  THEODORE  F.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  March  15, 
1845,  in  Churchtown,  Pa.  He  was  employed 
in  the  United  States  treasury  at  Washing 
ton  from  1875  to  1879,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  receiver  of  public  moneys  at  Ox 
ford,  Idaho.  In  1880  he  was  appointed 
secretary  of  Idaho  territory;  was  acting 
governor  of  the  territory  during  the  win 
ter  of  1881-82;  and  was  elected  the  dele 
gate  from  Idaho  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

SINGLETON,  JAMES  W.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  23, 
1811,  in  Paxton,  Va.  He  served  six  terms 
in  the  Illinois  state  legislature;  and  was 
elected  a  brigadier-general  of  state  mili 
tia.  He  was  president  of  the  Quincy  and 


Toledo,  and  Quincy,  Alton  and  St.  Louis 
railroads.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty- 
seventh  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

SINGLETON,  OTHO  R.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  14,  1814,  in  Jessamine  county,  Ky. 
He  was  two  years  in  the  lower  house  of 
the  Mississippi  legislature;  and  served 
six  years  in  the  state  senate.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1852;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Mississippi 
to  the  thirty-third  congress.  He  was  also 
elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth 
congresses.  He  joined  the  great  rebellion 
in  1861,  and  served  as  a  representative  in 
the  confederate  congress  from  1861  to 
1865.  In  1875  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth, 
forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  and  forty- 
ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

SINGLETON,  THOMAS  D.,  congress 
man.  He  was  elected  to  congress  from 
South  Carolina  in  1833,  and,  while  on  his 
way  to  Washington  to  take  his  seat  in 
December,  died  at  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

S1NNICKSON,  CLEMENT  H.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  16, 
1834,  in  Salem,  N.  J.  In  1861  he  raised  a 
company  of  volunteers,  and  enlisted  as 
captain  in  the  fourth  regiment  of  New  Jer 
sey  volunteers.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SINNICKSON,  THOMAS,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1745 
in  Salem  county,  N.  J.  He  served  in  the 
revolutionary  war  at  the  battles  of  Tren 
ton  and  Princeton  in  the  capacity  of  cap 
tain;  and  was  for  many  years  a  member 
of  the  council  and  assembly  of  New  Jer 
sey,  and  the  presiding  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  first  congress,  after  the  adop 
tion  of  the  constitution,  from  1789  to  1/91; 
and  was  again  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1797  to  1799.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1801.  He  died  May  15, 
1817,  in  Salem,  N.  J. 

SINNICKSON,  THOMAS,  merchant, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1786,  in  Salem, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  for  twenty  years;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  legislature; 
and  judge  of  the  court  of  errors  and  ap 
peals.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  Jersey  during  the  years  1828 
and  1829. 

SIPE,  WILLIAM  ALLEN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  1,  1844,  in  Har- 
risonville,  Pa.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  elected  as  a  demo 
crat  to  the  fifty-second  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  and  also  elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress. 

SISSON,  ABNER,  poet.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Com 
mon  Sense  Rhymes. 

SITGREAVES,  CHARLES,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  22,  1803,  in  Easton,  Pa.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  assembly  in 
1831  and  1833;  in  1834  was  a  member  of 
the  legislative  council;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  and  president  of  the  same  in  1835.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  from 
1852  to  1854.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress.  He  was  mayor  of 
Philipsburg  in  1861,  declining  a  re-elec 
tion;  was  president  of  the  Belvidere  and 
Delaware  Railroad  company;  and  was 
president  of  the  bank  at  Philipsburg.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 


852 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SITGREAVES,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  about  1740 
in  New  Berne,  N.  C.  He  was  an  officer  in 
the  war  of  the  revolution;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1784  to  1785;  and  in  1790 
was  appointed  attorney-general  for  that 
state.  He  soon  afterwards  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
for  the  district  of  North  Carolina.  He  died 
March  4,  1802.  in  Halifax,  N.  C. 

SITGREAVES,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  16,  1764,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  representa- 
the  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1795  to  1798;  and  was  then  appointed 
commissioner  to  treat  with  Great  Britain. 
He  died  April  4,  1824,  in  Easton,  Pa. 

SIVARTHA,  ALESHA,  author,  was 
born  May  16,  1834,  in  England.  During 
1859-78  he  made  discoveries  of  certain 
great  laws  in  the  constitution  of  man: 
That  the  thirty-six  faculties  are  in  twelve 
groups;  that  the  institutions  of  society 
are  a  direct  outgrowth  of  the  mental 
faculties;  and  that  each  faculty  creates 
wants  of  its  own  kind.  He  has  also  in 
vented  a  universal  language,  the  Visona, 
based  upon  the  natural  laws  of  sound,  of 
thought  and  expression.  These  discoveries 
are  embodied  in  The  Book  of  Life,  The 
Visona,  and  in  The  Historic  Growth  of 
Man. 

SIVER,  DATUS  E.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Oct.  15,  1840,  in  Milford,  N.  Y. 
Since  1888  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Cooperstown  and  Charlotte  Valley  rail 
road  at  Cooperstown,  N.  Y. 

SIZER,  NELSON,  phrenologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  21,  1812,  in  Chester, 
Mass.  He  has  been  associate  editor  and  ed 
itor  of  the  Phrenological  Journal,  vice- 
president  of  the  firm,  and  president  of  and 
teacher  in  the  American  Institute  of  Phre 
nology.  As  an  author  he  has  published 
books  of  great  value,  such  as  Forty  Years 
in  Phrenology;  Choice  of  Pursuits;  and 
How  to  Teach. 

SKAGGS,  ANDREW  E.,  physician,  po 
et,  was  born  April  31,  1862,  in  New  Cas 
tle  county,  Del.  He  attended  the  Balti 
more  Medical  college,  and  the  Veterinary 
Surgeon  college.  He  has  filled  various 
public  positions  of  trust  in  his  native 
county;  and  is  a  prominent  physician  of 
Townsend.  He  has  contributed  many  po 
ems  to  the  periodical  press;  and  is  widely 
known  as  the  Poet  of  Delaware. 

SKELTON,  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1851  to  1855. 

SKENE,  ALEXANDER  JOHNSTON 
CHALMERS,  physician,  author,  was  born 
June  17,  1837.  in  Scotland.  He  is  a  Brook 
lyn  physician,  professor  of  gynaecology  in 
Long  Island  College  hospital  from  1884; 
and  the  author  of  Diseases  of  the  Bladder 
in  Women;  and  Diseases  of  Women  from 
the  Standpoint  of  the  Physician. 

SKIDDY,  WILLIAM,  wheelwright,  man 
ufacturer,  banker,  was  born  in  1845,  in 
New  York  city.  He  went  to  Russell's 
Military  school  in  New  Haven,  Conn.;  and 
at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  was  de 
tailed  to  assist  in  drilling  three  months' 
volunteers.  In  1865  he  graduated  from 
Yale  college.  He  subsequently  started  in 
business,  became  interested  in  mining, 
and  in  1875  became  connected  with  The 
Stamford  Manufacturing  company,  one  of 
the  oldest  concerns  in  the  United  States, 
being  established  in  1796,  and  of  which 
corporation  he  is  president.  He  is  a  di 
rector  in  several  banks,  and  active  in 
various  organizations  connected  with  Yale 
university.  He  was  commissary-general 


of  the  state  of  Connecticut  at  one  time; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic 
conventions  of  1884  and  1892;  and  has 
held  various  positions  of  honor  in  Stam 
ford,  Conn.  He  is  a  prominent  member 
of  the  protestant  episcopal  church;  and 
has  been  a  delegate  to  the  general  conven 
tions  of  that  church  held  at  Chicago,  New 
York,  Baltimore  and  Minneapolis. 

SKILTON,  JULIUS  AUGUSTUS,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  June  29, 
1833,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  New 
York  city  during  the  draft  riots,  and  was 
medical  director  of  cavalry  department 
of  the  southwest  in  1864-65.  In  1869  he 
was  appointed  United  States  consul  at  the 
city  of  Mexico,  and  in  1872  he  was  pro 
moted  to  be  consul-general,  holding  the 
office  until  1878.  Besides  his  annual  re 
ports  he  has  published  Mining  Districts 
of  Parhuca,  Real  del  Monte,  El  Chico,  and 
Star  Rosa,  State  of  Hidalgo,  Republic  of 
Mexico. 

SKINNER,  CHARLES  MONTGOMERY, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1852  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  journalist  of  Brook 
lyn,  associate  editor  of  The  Eagle;  and 
the  author  of  Villon  the  Vagabond,  and 
other  plays;  Myths  and  Legends  of  Our 
Own  Land;  and  Nature  in  a  City  Yard. 

SKINNER,  CHARLES  RUFUS,  journal 
ist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  4,  1844,  in  Union  Square,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  educa 
tion  of  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  from  1875  to 
1883;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  house 
of  representatives  from  1877  to  1881.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-se\enth  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  for 
ty-eighth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SKINNER,  FREDERICK  GUSTAVUS, 
soldier,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
March  11,  1814,  in  Annapolis,  Md.  He 
joined  the  staff  of  the  Turf,  Field  and 
Farm  in  New  York,  and,  as  field  editor 
of  that  journal,  was  instrumental  in 
bringing  about  the  first  field  trial,  the 
first  bench-show  of  dogs,  and  the  first  in 
ternational  gun-trial  that  was  ever  held  in 
the  United  States. 

SKINNER,  HALCYON,  inventor,  was 
born  March  6,  1824,  in  Mantua,  Ohio.  In 
1874  he  invented  a  power-loom  for  weav 
ing  moquette  carpets,  which  had  up  to 
this  date  been  woven  entirely  by  hand. 

SKINNER,  HARRY,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  25,  _1855,  in  Perqui- 
mans  county,  N.  C.  In  1890  he  was  elected 
to  the  lower  house  of 
the  North  Carolina 
legislature.  He  has 
served  as  chairman 
of  the  democratic 
executive  committee 
of  his  county,  chair 
man  of  the  demo 
cratic  executive  com 
mittee  of  the  first 
congressional  dis 
trict,  and  on  the 
state  central  com 
mittee.  He  is  chair 
man  of  the  populist  executive  commit 
tee  of  his  county  and  on  the  state  cen 
tral  committee;  and  is  a  trustee  of  the 
state  university.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
populist. 

SKINNER,  HENRY,  surgeon,  entomolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  March  27,  1861,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  elected  asso 
ciate  state  entomologist  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1894;  and  since  1896  has  been  profes 
sor  of  entomology  in  the  Academy  of  Nat 
ural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is 
editor  of  the  Entomological  News,  and  has 
lectured  extensively  on  that  subject. 


SKINNER,  JOHN  STUART,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1788,  in  Mary 
land.  He  was  the  author  of  Nautical  Edu 
cation;  Christmas  Gift  to  Young  Agricul 
turist;  Agricultural  Chemistry;  and  You- 
att  on  the  House.  He  died  March  21,  1851, 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

SKINNER,  OTIS  AINSWORTH.  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  3.  1807,  in 
Royalton,  Vt.  He  was  a  universalist  min 
ister  of  Boston  and  elsewhere;  and  the 
author  of  Family  Prayer  Book;  Sermons 
on  Doctrinal  Subjects;  Universalism  De 
fended;  Letters  on  Revivals;  and  Moral 
Duties  of  Parents.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1861, 
in  Lapierville.  111. 

SKINNER,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
May  30,  1778,  in  Litchfield,  Conn.  He 
moved  ^o  Manchester,  Vt. ;  he  served  in 
congress  from  1813  to  1815;  was  elected  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Vermont  in 
1816;  and  became  chief  justice  of  that 
court  in  1817.  In  1818  .he  was  elected  to 
the  lower  branch  of  the  legislature,  and 
was  speaker.  He  was  governor  of  Ver 
mont  in  1820,  1821  and  1822;  and  was  re- 
appointed  chief  justice  in  1824.  He  died 
May  23,  1833,  in  Manchester,  Vt. 

SKINNER,  THOMAS  GREGORY,  far 
mer,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  21,  1842,  in  Perquimans  county, 
N.  C.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  North  Carolina  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  and  fitly-first  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat. 

SKINNER,  THOMAS  HARVEY,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  March 
7,  1791,  in  Harvey's  Neck,  N.  C.  He  was 
a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  New  York 
city,  professor  of  sacred  rhetoric  in  Union 
seminary  in  1848-71;  and  the  author  of  Re 
ligion  of  the  Bible;  Aids  to  Preaching  and 
Hearing;  Discussions  in  Theology;  and 
Thoughts  on  Evangelizing  the  World.  He 
died  Feb.  1,  1871,  in  New  York  city. 

SKINNER,  THOMAS  J.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1796  to  1799,  and 
again  from  1803  to  1804. 

SKINNER,  WELLS  HAWKS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1856,  in  Jeffer 
son  county,  W.  Va.  He  has  been  super 
intendent  of  city  schools  in  various 
cities;  and  in  1895  was  president  of  the 
Nebraska  State  Teachers'  association.  He 
is  the  author  of  Studies  in  Literature  and 
Composition,  and  other  works. 

SLACK,  JAMES  RICHARD,  educator, 
soldier,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Sept. 
28,  1818,  in  Bucks  county.  Pa.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  acad 
emy  of  Newton,  Pa., 
and  in  1837  moved 
with  his  parents  to 
Delaware  county, 
Ind.  He  next  entered 
educational  work, 
and  subsequently 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  practiced 
his  profession  in 
Huntington.  During 
1842-51  he  filled  the 
office  of  county  audi 
tor;  and  for  two  terms  was  a  member  of 
the  Indiana  state  senate.  In  1858  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  state  senate  and 
served  four  successive  terms  until  1861. 
He  served  In  the  civil  war  in  the  forty- 
seventh  regiment  of  the  Indiana  volunteer 
infantry;  was  made  brigadier-general  in 
1864;  and  major-general  by  brevet  in  1866. 
In  1872  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  twen 
ty-eighth  judicial  circuit  of  Indiana,  and 
served  in  that  office  until  his  death  on 
July  28,  1881. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


853 


SLADE,  CHARLES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Illinois  from  1833  to  1834.  He  died  in 
July,  1834,  in  Knox  county,  Ind. 

SLADE,  DANIEL  DENISON,  physician, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  May  10,  1823, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  attended  the  Bos 
ton  Latin  school  and 
graduated  from  the 
Harvard  university. 
He  was  a  physician 
and  scientist,  and 
professor  of  zoology 
'••«'  *•  .  at  Harvard  univer 
sity  from  1871.  He 
was  the  author  of 
Diphtheria:  its  Na 
ture  and  Treatment; 
Twelve  Days  in  the 
Saddle,  a  Journey  in 
New  England  in 

1883;  and  Evolution  of  Horticulture  in 
New  England.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1896,  in 
Chestnut  Hill,  Mass. 

SLADE,  EMMA  M.  R.  H.,  was  born  Jan. 
11,  1847,  in  Lowell,  Mass.  She  is  the 
founder  and  organizer  and  first  president 
of  the  National  Society  of  New  England 
Women;  the  president  of  the  United 
States  Daughters  of  1812  for  New  York, 
New  Jersey  and  New  England;  and  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Daughters  of 
the  Revolution. 

SLADE,  JAMES  P.,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1837,  in  West- 
erlo,  N.  Y.  This  eminent  educator  is  the 
state  superintendent  of  public  instruction 
of  Illinois,  and  president  of  the  Almira 
college. 

SLADE,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  lawyer, 
Jurist,  congressman,  governor,  author,  was 
born  May  9,  1786,  in  Cornwall,  Vt.  In  1815 
he  was  elected  secretary  of  state  of  Ver 
mont,  which  office  he  held  eight  years, 
during  six  of  which  he  officiated  as  judge 
of  the  Addison  county  court.  He  was  sub 
sequently  state's  attorney  for  the  same 
county.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Vermont  from  1831  to  1843; 
and  on  his  retirement  from  congress  was 
elected  reporter  of  the  decisions  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Vermont.  In  1844  he  was 
chosen  governor  of  Vermont;  and  was 
subsequently  made  secretary  of  the  na 
tional  board  of  popular  education.  In  1823 
he  published  the  Vermont  State  Papers; 
in  1825  the  Statutes  of  Vermont;  and  in 
1S44  a  volume  of  Vermont  Reports.  He 
died  Jan.  18,  1859,  in  Middlebury,  Vt. 

SLAFTER,  CARLOS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  July  21,  1825,  in  Thetford,  Vt. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Thetford 
academy,  and  in  1849  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  college.  He  taught  one  year  in 
the  Framingham  academy;  and  for  forty 
years,  during  1852-92,  was  principal  of  the 
Dedham  High  school,  Mass.  In  1865  he 
was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  in  the 
episcopal  church;  and  for  three  years  was 
chaplain  of  the  county  prison  at  Dedham. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  Compendium  of  Eng 
lish  Grammar,  several  novels,  and  various 
addresses  on  patriotic,  educational  and 
historical  subjects. 

SLAFTER,  EDMUND  FARWELL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  May  30,  1816,  in 
Norwich,  Vt.  For  twenty  years  he  was 
superintendent  for  the  protestant  episco 
pal  church  and  the  American  Bible  socie 
ty;  and  since  1877  has  devoted  his  time 
to  historical  studies.  He  is  most  noted 
for  his  Memorial  of  John  Slafter,  with 
genealogical  account  of  his  descendants. 

SLAGLE,  CHARLES  W.,  merchant,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  March  11,  1828,  in 
Hanover,  Pa.  He  is  distinguished  as 
a  successful  merchant  and  philanthropist 
of  Baltimore,  Md. 


SLATER,  JAMES  HARVEY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1826,  in  Sangamon 
county,  111.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Oregon  territorial  assembly  in  1857  and 
1858,  and  of  the  state  assembly  immedi 
ately  after  the  admission  of  Oregon  as  a 
state.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  in 
1866;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1868.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Oregon  to  the  forty-second  congress; 
and  was  elected  a  United  States  senator 
from  Oregon  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4,  1879.  In  1887  he  was  appointed 
railroad  commissioner  for  Oregon. 

SLATER,  JOHN  FOX,  philanthropist, 
was  born  March  4,  1815,  in  Slaterville,  R. 
I.  He  was  early  interested  in  the  cause 
of  education,  and  gave  liberally  for  the 
establishment  of  the  Norwich  free  acad 
emy  and  other  objects.  In  1882  he  placed 
in  the  hands  of  trustees  $1,000,000,  the 
interest  of  which  is  to  be  used  for  the 
education  of  freedmen  in  the  south.  He 
died  May  7,  1884,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 

SLATER,  WILLIAM  ALBERT,  philan 
thropist.  In  1886  he  transferred  to  the 
Norwich  free  academy  a  building  cost 
ing  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dol 
lars,  which  he  erected  in  memory  of  his 
father,  John  Fox  Slater. 

SLAUGHTER,  GABRIEL,  soldier,  far 
mer,  state  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
in  1767  in  Virginia.  He  was  frequently  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  state  legisla 
ture.  At  the  battle  of  New  Orleans  he  was 
chosen  colonel  of  a  Kentucky  regiment, 
and  received  the  thanks  of  the  legisla 
ture.  He  was  chosen  lieutenant-governor, 
and,  after  the  death  of  Governor  Madi 
son,  was  governor  from  1816  to  1820.  He 
died  Sept.  9,  1830,  in  Mercer  county,  Ky. 

SLAUGHTER,  GUILFORD  H.,  farmer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1828,  in 
Hopkinsville,  Ky.  He  was  postmaster  for 
twenty-five  years;  and  for  the  same  period 
was  a  justice  of  the  peace.  For  two 
terms  he  served  as  a  state  senator. 

SLAUGHTER,  LINDA  W.,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1850,  in  Harrison 
county,  Ohio.  She  is  a  writer  of  Bismarck, 
N.  D. ;  and  has  been'  vice-president  of  the 
Woman's  National  Press  association  at 
Washington,  D.  C.  She  is  the  author  of 
several  prose  works;  and  a  volume  of  po 
ems  entitled  Early  Efforts. 

SLAUGHTER,  PHILIP,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1808,  in  Springfield, 
Va.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Virginia,  historiographer  of  the  diocese; 
and  the  author  of  The  Colonial  Church  in 
Virginia;  and  Man  and  Woman. 

SLAUGHTER,  WILLIAM  BANK,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  April  10,  1798,  in 
Culpeper  county,  Va.  He  was  a  Wisconsin 
lawyer  of  note  who  published  Reminis 
cences  of  Distinguished  People  I  Have 
Met.  He  died  July  21,  1879,  in  Madison, 
Wis. 

SLAUGHTER,  WILLIAM  MONTGOM- 
RIE,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born 
July  25,  1833,  near  Waverly,  Ohio.  He 
received  a  liberal  education  at  the  public 
schools,  and  at  Otterbein  university,  Ohio. 
In  1856  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Ne 
braska  legislature;  and  in  1859  was  a 
representative  in  the  legislature  of  Jef 
ferson  Territory,  now  Colorado.  In 
1859-60  he  was  judge  of  appellate 
court,  people's  government  of  Denver.  He 
also  served  with  distinction  in  the  Colo 
rado  legislature  of  1862,  and  1867-68.  In 
1870  he  was  chief  clerk  of  the  house  of 
representatives,  and  has  filled  various 
other  positions  of  honor.  Since  1866  he 


has  been  continuously  in  the  practice  of 
law,  and  now  resides  at  Loveland,  Colo. 

SLAYDEN,  JAMES  L.,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  June  1, 
1853,  in  Graves  county,  Ky.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  twenty-third  legislature  of 
Texas  in  1892;  declined  re-election;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat.  He  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
various  debates  on  bills  that  affect  the 
welfare  of  his  state;  and  has  served  on 
numerous  important  committees.  He  is  a 
successful  cotton  merchant  of  San  An 
tonio,  Texas. 

SLAYMAKER,  AMOS,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  11,  1755,  in 
London  Lands,  Pa.  He  served  as  a  soldier 
in  the  revolutionary  army.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
during  a  part  of  the  thirteenth  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy.  He  died  June  12,  1837,  in 
Salisbury,  Pa. 

SLEAT,  JOHN  DRAKE,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1780,  in  New  York  city.  In 
1800  he  entered  the  navy  as  sailing  mas 
ter,  passed  through  all  grades,  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  rear  admiral.  He  died 
Nov.  28,  1867,  in  New  Brighton,  N.  Y. 

SLEEPER,  DAVID  L.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  June  15,  1856,  in  Iowa. 
During  1885-91  he  was  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Athens  county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
as  a  republican  to  the  seventy-first  gen 
eral  assembly  of  Ohio;  and  re-elected  to 
the  seventy-second  general  assembly;  and 
served  as  speaker  of  the  house. 

SLEEPER,  JOHN  SHERBURNE,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1794,  in 
Tyngsboro,  Mass.  He  was  a  shipmaster 
and  subsequently  a  journalist  of  Boston, 
editor  of  The  Journal  in  1834-54;  and  the 
author  of  Tales  of  the  Ocean;  Salt-Water 
Bubbles;  Jack  in  the  Forecastle;  and 
Mark  Rowland,  a  Tale  of  the  Sea.  He 
died  Nov.  14,  1878,  in  Boston  Highlands, 
Mass. 

SLEEPER,  WILLIAM  TRUE,  clergy 
man,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1819,  in  Dan- 
bury,  N.  H.  He  received  his  education  in 
Exeter,  N.  H.;  grad 
uated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Vermont 
in  1850;  and  three 
years  later  from  the 
Andover  Theological 
seminary.  For  four 
years  he  was  chap 
lain  of  the  reform 
school  at  Westboro, 
Mass.;  and  has  filled 
pastorates  at  Patten, 
Sherman  and  Fort 
Fairfield,  Maine;  and 
for  nineteen  years  at  Worcester,  Mass. 
He  was  supervisor  of  schools  in  Aroostook 
county,  Maine,  during  1870-72;  was  editor 
and  founder  of  the  North  Star  of  Caribou, 
Maine;  and  the  projector  and  president 
of  the  Aroostook  River  railroad.  Since 
1853  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  ministry, 
and  has  built  five  churches.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems;  and  has 
contributed  extensively  to  current  liter 
ature. 

SLEETH,  JAMES  M.,  jurist,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  24,  1817,  in  Clarks 
burg,  Va.  He  was  nominated  and  elected 
state  senator  from  Shelbyville,  Ind.,  and 
served  one  long  term  of  three  sessions. 
He  was  chosen  for  the  second  time  in 
1851.  In  1853  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas,  which  position  he 
creditably  filled  for  eight  years.  In  1869 
he  was  again  sent  to  the  legislature,  to 
represent  the  counties  of  Bartholomew 
and  Shelby. 


S54 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SLEMMER,  ADAM  J.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1828,  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  In 
1850  he  graduated  from  West  Point; 
served  in  the  Semi- 
nole,  Mexican  and 
civil  wars.  He  at 
tained  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  1862; 
and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  battle  of 
Murfreesboro.  From 
1863  to  the  close  of 
the  war  he  served  on 
an  examining  board 
as  its  president.  He 
won  the  brevets  of 
colonel  and  brigadier-general  in  the 
United  States  army  in  1865;  and  spent  the 
balance  of  his  life  in  command  at  Fort 
Laramie,  Kas.,  where  he  died  Oct.  7,  1868. 

SLEMONS,  WILLIAM  F.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  15, 
1830,  in  Weakly  county,  Tenn.  He  en 
tered  the  southern  army  in  1861,  and  re 
mained  in  service  until  its  close;  and 
rose  from  lieutenant  to  brigadier-general, 
and  commanded  a  division.  After  the 
war  he  was  district  attorney;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Arkansas 
to  the  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth  and  forty- 
sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

SLENKER,  MRS.  EMMA  IDRAKE], 
author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1827,  in  La 
Grange,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  writer  living  at 
Snowville,  Va.;  and  the  author  of  Study 
ing  the  Bible;  John's  Way;  The  Darwins; 
Mary  Jones;  and  Little  Lessons  for  Little 
Folks. 

SLEYSTER,  AARON  L.,  photographer, 
poet,  was  born  March  11,  1856,  in  Waupun, 
Wis.  He  is  a  successful  photographer  of 
Preston,  Minn.;  and  the  author  of  How 
ard  Gray  and  Other  Poems;  and  Hours  of 
Pleasure,  illustrated. 

SLICER,  HENRY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1801  in  Annapolis,  Md.  He 
was  a  methodist  clergyman,  eight  times 
chaplain  of  the  United  States  senate;  and 
the  author  of  Appeal  on  Christian  Bap 
tism;  and  Discourse  on  Duelling.  He  died 
April  23,  1874,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

SLIDELL,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  about  1793  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  appointed  United  States  district  at 
torney;  and  was  frequently  elected  to  the 
legislature  of  Louisiana.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1843  to  1845; 
and  while  in  congress  was  appointed  min 
ister  to  Mexico.  In  1853  he  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  Senator  Soule;  and 
was  re-elected  for  six  years.  He  died  July 
29,  1871,  in  London,  England. 

SLIGH,  JAMES  ELISON,  clergyman, 
journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  July  31,  1841, 
in  Minden,  La.  He  attended  the  Minden 
academy,  and  received  a  liberal  education. 
He  has  been  a  successful  clergyman,  and 
pastor  of  churches  in  Greenville,  Texas, 
and  White  Oaks,  N.  M.  While  in  New 
Mexico  he  was  an  assayer  in  a  mining 
camp,  and  subsequently  studied  law. 
Since  1890  he  has  practiced  law  in  Shel- 
ton,  Wash.;  has  been  postmaster  of  his 
city  for  three  years;  and  was  the  founder 
and  editor  of  the  Sentinel  of  that  city. 

SLINGERLAND,  JOHN  I.,  agriculturist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  1,  1804,  in  Albany  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  legisla 
ture  In  1843;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1847  to 
1849.  He  died  Oct.  26,  1861,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 


SLOAN,  A.  SCOTT,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1820 
in  Morrisville,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Wis 
consin  in  1854;  was  elected  to  the  Wiscon 
sin  legislature  in  1856;  was  appointed  a 
circuit  judge  in  1858;  and  in  1860  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Wisconsin 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 

SLOAN,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  10,  1845,  in  McDon- 
ough,  Ga.  He  moved  to  Savannah,  and 
was  appointed  deputy  collector  of  cus 
toms.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
district  attorney,  and  held  the  position 
until  1872.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Georgia  to  the  forty- 
third  congress. 

SLOAN,  CLAY,  planter,  state  senator, 
was  born  Aug.  20,  1861,  in  Smithville, 
Ark.  He  has  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  Arkansas  state  senate; 
and  has  filled  the  office  of  auditor  of  state. 

SLOAN,  GEORGE  BEALE,  merchant, 
state  senator,  was  born  June  20,  1831,  in 
Oswego,  N.  Y.  He  strongly  supported  the 
cause  of  the  union  during  the  civil  war, 
and  was  four  times  elected  to  represent 
his  district  in  the  state  assembly,  namely, 
in  1874,  1876,  1877  and  1879,  and  was, 
during  two  terms,  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  on  ways  and  means,  and  one  term 
speaker  of  the  assembly.  He  was  also 
three  times  elected  to  the  state  senate 
and  served  continuously  from  1886  to  1891. 

SLOAN,  ITHAMAR  C.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Madison  county, 
N.  Y.  He  removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1854; 
and  in  1858  and  1860  was  chosen  district 
attorney  of  Rock  county.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Wisconsin 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

SLOAN,  JAMES,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1803  to  1809.  He  died  in  No 
vember,  1811,  in  New  Jersey. 

SLOAN,  JOHN  A.,  soldier,  autnor,  was 
born  July  20,  1839,  in  Greensboro,  N.  C. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war,  attaining  the 
rank  of  colonel.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
History  of  North  Carolina  in  the  War  Be 
tween  the  States.  He  died  in  November, 
1886,  near  Baltimore. 

SLOAN,  SAMUEL,  architect,  was  born 
March  7,  1815,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He 
was  an  architect  of  Philadelphia;  and  the 
author  of  City  and  Suburban  Architect 
ure;  Constructive  Architecture;  The  Mod 
el  Architect;  and  Homestead  Architect 
ure.  He  died  July  19,  1884,  in  Raleigh, 
N.  C. 

SLOAN,  SAMUEL,  railroad  president, 
state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1819,  in 
Ireland.  He  has  served  in  the  senate  of 
the  New  York  state  legislature.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Hudson  River  rail 
road,  Michigan  Central  railroad,  and  vari 
ous  other  railroads. 

SLOAN,  SAMUEL  G.,  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  born  July  12,  1864,  in  Fulton 
county,  111.  For  many  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work  as  a  teacher  in 
the  public  schools  and  as  a  college  pro 
fessor.  He  has  attained  success  as  a 
clergyman  in  the  baptist  church,  and  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  Pratt,  Kas. 

SLOANE,  JAMES  RENWICK  WILSON, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  May 
29,  1823,  in  Topsham,  Vt.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  Richmond  college,  Ohio,  in  1848- 
50;  of  Geneva  college,  in  the  same  state, 
in  1851-56;  and  professor  of  systematic 
theology  and  homiletics  in  Alleghany  The 
ological  seminary  from  1868  till  his  death. 
He  died  March  6,  1886,  in  Alleghany  City, 
Pa. 


SLOANE,  JOHN,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1779  in  York,  Pa. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Ohio 
general  assembly  in  1804  and  1805,  and 
1805  was  speaker.  He  was  a  receiver  of 
public  moneys  at  Canton,  Ohio,  from  1808 
to  1816;  and  was  afterward  at  Wooster 
until  1819.  He  was  a  colonel  of  militia 
during  the  war  of  1812.  In  1819  he  was 
elected  to  congress  as  a  representative 
from  Ohio,  continuing  a  member  until 
1829.  He  was  secretary  of  state  for  three 
years;  and  was  treasurer  of  the  United 
States  under  President  Fillmore.  He  died 
May  15,  1856,  in  Wooster,  Ohio. 

SLOANE,  JONATHAN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  settled  in 
Ohio;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1833  to  1837. 

SLOANE,  RUSH  RICHARD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  financier,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1828, 
in  Sandusky,  Ohio.  He  was  twice  elected 
probate  judge  of  Sandusky,  Ohio.  In  1879 
the  city  of  Sandusky  made  him  mayor  for 
a  two  years'  term.  Judge  Sloane  has  been 
a  promoter  of  railroad  building  in  Ohio, 
and  actually  built  the  line  between  Colum 
bus  and  Springfield. 

SLOANE,  THOMAS  O'CONOR,  chem 
ist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1851,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  chemist  of  New  York 
city,  on  the  editorial  staff  of  The  Scientific 
American;  and  the  author  of  Home  Ex 
periments  in  Science;  and  Standard  Elec 
trical  Dictionary. 

SLOANE,  WILLIAM  MILLIGAN,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1850,  in 
Richmond.  Ohio.  He  is  a  professor  of 
history  at  Columbia  college;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  French  War  and  the  Revolu 
tion;  Life  of  James  M'Cosh;  and  Life  of 
Napoleon  Bonaparte. 

SLOAT,  JOHN  DRAKE,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  1780,  in  New  York  city.  He 
served  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  the  Mexi 
can  and  civil  wars;  attaining  for  meri 
torious  services  the  rank  of  rear  admiral. 
He  died  Nov.  28,  1867,  in  New  Brighton, 
N.  Y. 

SLOCUM,  ELLIOTT  TRUAX,  legislator, 
capitalist,  was  born  May  15,  1839,  in  Tren 
ton,  Mich.  In  1869  he  was  elected  a  state 
senator  to  the  Michigan  legislature.  He 
is  now  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Union 
Trust  company  of  Detroit. 

SLOCUM,  HENRY  WARNER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  24,  1827,  in  New  York.  In  1859 
he  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature;  and 
from  1859  to  1861 
was  instructor  of 
artillery  in  the  New 
York  militia.  When 
the  rebellion  broke 
out  he  was  chosen 
colonel  of  the  twen 
ty-seventh  regiment 
of  New  York  volun 
teers:  and  before  the 
close  of  1861  was 
made  brigadier-gen- 
In  1862  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  major-general.  In  1868  he  was 
chosen  a  presidential  elector.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-first  and  forty-second  con 
gresses;  and  was  also  elected  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress. 

SLOCUM,  JANE  M.',  educator,  lecturer, 
was  born  May  1,  1842,  in  Slocumville,  N. 
Y.  She  has  attained  success  in  educational 
work;  and  has  lectured  extensively  on  so 
cial  economics,  social  ethics,  science  of 
government,  and  current  topics. 


eral   of  volunteers. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


855 


SLOCUM,  JESSE,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1817  to  1820.  He  died  Dec. 
20,  1820,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SLOCUM,  WILLIAM  P.,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  July  29,  1851,  in 
Grafton,  Mass.  This  eminent  congrega 
tional  clergyman  has  been  professor  of 
philosophy  and  president  of  Colorado  col 
lege  since  1888. 

SLOSS,  JOSEPH  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  12,  1826,  in  Somerville,  Ala.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Illinois  legislature  in 
1858.  He  returned  to  Alabama,  and  joined 
the  confederate  army,  in  which  he  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  elected 
mayor  of  Tuscumbia  after  the  war,  and 
continued  in  that  office  until  1870.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ala 
bama  to  the  forty-second  and  forty-third 
congresses. 

SLOSSON,  MRS.  ANNIE  [TRUM- 
BULL],  author,  was  born  in  Connecticut. 
She  is  known  as  an  entomologist  whose 
specialty  is  the  study  of  moths.  She  is  the 
author  of  Aunt  Liefy;  Fishin'  Jimmy; 
Seven  Dreamers;  The  Heresy  of  Meheta- 
bel  Clark;  Anna  Malann;  and  The  China 
Hunter's  Club. 

SLOUGH,  JOHN  P.,  soldier,  state  leg 
islator,  author,  was  born  In  1829  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Ohio  state  legislature,  from  which  he  was 
expelled  for  striking  a  member  during  de 
bate.  In  1852  he  was  chosen  secretary 
of  the  central  democratic  committee.  He 
soon  after  went  to  Kansas;  and  in  1860 
removed  to  Denver  city,  Colo.  On  the 
breaking  out  of  the  civil  war  he  served 
with  credit  on  the  southwestern  frontiers; 
and  was  made  a  brigadier-general  and 
military  governor  at  Alexandria,  in  Vir 
ginia.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  the  territory  of 
New  Mexico.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1867,  in 
Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 

SLUTER,  GEORGE  LUDEWIG,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  May  5,  1837,  in 
Germany.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergyman, 
pastor  at  Arlington,  N.  J.,  from  1881;  and 
the  author  of  History  of  Our  Beloved 
Church;  Life  of  Tiberius;  and  The  Re 
ligion  of  Politics. 

SMAIL,  MARION,  soldier,  educator,  po 
et,  was  born  July  8,  1846,  in  Whetstone, 
Ohio.  He  attended  the  Wesleyan  univer 
sity  of  Bloomington,  111.;  served  as  a  sol 
dier  in  the  civil  war;  has  been  a  success 
ful  teacher;  has  traveled  extensively 
throughout  the  United  States;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  meritorious  po 
ems.  He  is  a  manufacturer  of  medical  ar 
ticles  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

SMALL,  ALVIN  EDMOND,  physician, 
educator,  was  born  March  4, 1811,  in  Maine. 
In  1856  he  removed  to  Chicago  and  en 
tered  at  once  into  an  extensive  practice, 
which  he  continued  till  his  death.  Soon 
after  his  arrival  in  that  city  he  was  called 
to  the  chair  of  theory  and  practice  in 
Hahnemann  college,  which  he  held  for 
life.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1866,  in  Chicago. 

SMALL,  ELWOOD  ELDENNE,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  July  22,  18G9,  in  Mar 
shall,  Mich.  He  is  a  journalist  of  Val 
paraiso,  Ind.;  and  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  entitled  Rhymes  with  Reas 
on  and  Without. 

SMALL,  MICHAEL  PETER,  soldier, 
was  born  Aug.  9,  1831,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
He  became  brevet  colonel  of  United  States 
volunteers,  and  brevet  brigadier-general 
In  1865,  for  meritorious  services  in  the 
subsistence  department  during  the  war. 
Since  1884  he  has  been  purchasing  and  de 
pot  commissary  at  Baltimore,  Md. 


SMALL,  WILLIAM  B.,  congressman. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

SMALLEY,  DAVID  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  6,  1809,  in 
Middlebury,  Vt.  In  1842  he  was  elected 
from  Vermont  a  state  senator,  and  de 
clined  a  re-election.  In  1853  he  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  customs  for  Vermont; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Cincinnati  conven 
tion  of  1857;  and  in  that  year  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  district  of  Vermont. 

SMALLEY,  EUGENE  VIRGIL,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  July  18,  1841,  in 
Randolph.  Ohio.  He  is  a  journalist  of  St. 
Paul;  and  the  author  of  History  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad;  and  History  of 
the  Republican  Party. 

SMALLEY,  FRANK,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  10,  18io,  in 
Towanda,  Pa.  He  has  filled  the  chairs  of 
geology,  zoology  and  botany  in  the  Syra 
cuse  university;  and  since  1881  has  filled 
the  chair  of  Latin  language  and  literature 
in  the  same  institution.  He  is  the  author 
of  Latin  Analysis;  Latin  Verse;  Latin 
Etymology;  Latin  Hymns;  and  other 
works  and  translations. 

SMALLEY,  GEORGE  WASHBURN, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  June  2,  1833, 
in  Franklin,  Mass.  He  is  a  noted  jour 
nalist  who  was  the  London  correspondent 
of  the  New  York  Tribune  in  1867-95,  and 
from  1895  American  correspondent  of  the 
London  Times.  He  is  the  author  of  Lon 
don  Letters,  and  Some  Others;  and  Stud 
ies  of  Men. 

SMALLEY,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  4,  1734,  in  Lebanon  (now 
Columbia),  Conn.  He  was  a  congregation 
al  clergyman,  pastor  at  New  Britain  from 
1758  till  his  death;  and  the  author  of  Na 
tional  and  Moral  Inability;  and  Universal 
Salvation.  He  died  June  1,  1820,  in  New 
Britain,  Conn. 

SMALLS,  ROBERT,  naval  officer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  April  5, 
1829,  in  Beaufort.  S.  C.  In  1868  he  was 
a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  house  of 
representatives;  and  he  also  filled  the 
unexpired  term  in  the  state  senate  for 
two  years.  In  1872  he  was  re-elected  to 
that  position;  and  was  made  brigadier- 
general  and  afterwards  major-general  of 
state  troops.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  South  Carolina  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

SMART,  AMANDA  J..  poet,  was  horn 
in  1830,  in  Thornton,  N.  H.  She  has  writ 
ten  both  prose  and  verse  for  the  periodi 
cal  press;  and  her  poems  have  been  given 
a  place  in  Poets  of  America  and  other 
standard  works. 

SMART,  EPHRAIM  K.,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1813  in  Prospect  (now  Searsport), 
Maine.  In  1841  he  was  elected  state  sena 
tor  from  Maine;  in  1842  was  aid  to  the 
governor,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-col 
onel;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  senate  the 
same  year.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Maine  from  1847  to  1849, 
and  from  1851  to  1853.  From  1853  to  1858 
he  was  collector  of  customs  at  Belfast, 
Maine.  In  1854  he  established  the  Maine 
Free  Press,  and  was  its  editor  for  three 
years;  and  in  1858  was  again  elected  to 
the  legislature. 

SMART,  MRS.  HELEN  HAMILTON 
[GARDENER],  author,  was  born  in  1853 
in  Virginia.  She  is  a  Boston  novelist 
whose  writings  are  mainly  concerned  with 


the  furtherance  of  social  reforms.  She  is 
the  author  of  An  Unofficial  Patriot;  Is 
This  Your  Son,  My  Lord?;  Facts  and  Fic 
tions  of  Life;  Pray  You,  Sir,  Whose 
Daughter?;  Pushed  by  Unseen  Hands;  A 
Thoughtless  Yes;  and  The  Fortunes  of 
Margaret  Weld. 

SMART,  JAMES  HENRY,  educator,  au 
thor,  college  president,  was  born  Jan.  30, 
1841,  in  Center  Harbor,  N.  H.  For  thirty 
years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  state 
board  of  education  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.; 
was  thrice  elected  state  superintendent  of 
public  instruction;  and  became  president 
of  Purdue  university  in  1883.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Indiana  Schools  and  the 
Men  who  Work  in  Them;  a  History  of  In 
stitutes  in  the  United  States;  and  a  se 
ries  of  valuable  Indiana  state  educational 
reports. 

SMART,  JAMES  S.,  soldier,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  June  14,  1842,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  In  1865  he  took  charge  of 
the  Washington  County  Post,  published  at 
Cambridge,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
third  congress  as  a  republican. 

SMEAD,  ISAAC  DAVID,  manufacturer, 
inventor,  was  born  July  31,  1849,  in  Cole- 
raine,  Mass.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  district  schools,  and  in  1867  com 
menced  the  manufacture  of  heating  and 
ventilating  apparatus  in  Toledo,  Ohio;  has 
since  continued  in  the  business  with  great 
success;  and  is  the  president  and  superin 
tendent  of  the  Smead  Furnace  and  Foun 
dry  company.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  managers  of  the  Ohio  peniten 
tiary  for  four  years,  and  was  reappointed 
to  that  position  for  five  years.  He  was 
commissioner  of  mechanics  and  machin 
ery  for  the  Ohio  centennial  exposition; 
and  has  served  as  colonel  on  the  staff  of 
Governor  J.  B.  Foraker. 

SMEAD,  WESLEY,  physician,  philan 
thropist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1800, 
in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y.  He  founded 
in  1850  the  Widows'  home  in  Cincinnati, 
to  which  he  gave  $37,000,  and  gave  liber 
ally  to  every  public  charity  that  came 
to  his  notice.  Besides  essays  on  banking, 
he  published  Guide  to  Wealth,  or  Path 
way  to  Health,  Peace  and  Competence.  He 
died  Jan.  6,  1871,  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

SMEDES,  MRS.  SUSAN  [DABNEY], 
author,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1840,  in  Ray 
mond,  Miss.  She  is  a  Mississippi  writer 
now  living  in  Washington,  whose  Me 
morials  of  a  Southern  Planter  is  much 
valued  as  an  accurate  picture  of  south 
ern  life. 

SMEDLEY,  SAMUEL  LIGHTFOOT, 
contractor,  author,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1832, 
in  Edgmont,  Pa.  In  1856  he  plotted  a 
district  of  West  Philadelphia  into  streets, 
and  soon  after  published  the  first  complete 
atlas  of  Philadelphia,  which  became  the 
standard  authority  for  many  years. 

SMELT,  DENNIS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representathe  in  congress  from 
Georgia  from  1806  to  1811. 

SMET,  PETER  JOHN  DE,  missionary, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1801,  in  Bel 
gium.  He  was  the  author  of  Oregon  Mis 
sions  and  Travels;  Western  Missions  and 
Missionaries;  and  the  New  Indian 
Sketches.  He  died  Aug.  1,  1838,  in  New 
ton,  Conn. 

SMILIE,  JOHN,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1741  in  Ireland.  He 
served  in  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania, 
his  adopted  state.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1793  to  1795,  and  again  from  1799  to  1813. 
In  1797  he  was  a  presidential  elector.  Ha 
died  Dec.  30,  1813,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


856 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SMILLIE,  GEORGE  HENRY,  artist, 
was  born  Dec.  29,  1840,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  elected  an  associate  of  the  Nation 
al  academy  in  1864,  and  an  academician 
in  1882,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Water-color  society.  Among  his  works 
in  oil  are  A  Lake  in  the  Woods;  A  Flori 
da  Lagoon;  A  Goat  Pasture;  Merrimack 
River;  On  the  Massachusetts  Coast;  Sum 
mer  Morning  on  Long  Island;  and  Light 
and  Shadow  along  Shore. 

SMILLIE,  JAMES,  engraver,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1807,  in  Edinburgh.  Among  his 
most  noted  works  are  copies  of  T.  Cole's 
four  pictures:  The  Voyage  of  Life;  Dream 
of  Arcadia;  Harvesting;  Mount  Washing 
ton;  and  Rocky  Mountains.  He  died  Dec. 
4,  1885,  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

SMILLIE,  JAMES  DAVID,  artist,  was 
born  Jan.  16,  1833,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  American 
Water-color  society,  and  for  five  years  its 
president;  also  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
New  York  Etching  club,  of  which  he  sub 
sequently  became  president. 

SMILLIE,  NELLIE  SHELDON  JAC 
OBS,  artist,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1854,  in 
New  York.  Her  works  include  Grand 
mother's  Old  Love  Letters;  When  the 
Dew  is  on  the  Grass,  in  oil;  Priscilla; 
Forgotten  Strain;  and  Family  Choir,  in 
water-colors. 

SMILLIE,  WILLIAM  CUNNING,  en 
graver,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1813,  in  Eng 
land.  He  devoted  himself  to  banknote  en 
graving,  and  was  connected  with  several 
firms  which  were  ultimately  merged  in 
the  American  Bank  Note  company. 

SMISER,  BUTLER,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  July  6,  1862,  in  Oldham 
county,  Ky.  He  is  editor  and  owner  of 
The  Indian  Citizen  of  Atoka,  I.  T.;  and 
has  contributed  both  prose  and  verse  to 
current  literature. 

SMITH,  A.  HERR,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  7,  1815.  in  Lancas 
ter  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  house 
of  representatives  of  Pennsylvania  in  1843 
and  1844;  and  in  1845  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty- 
third,  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth, 
forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

SMITH,  ABNER,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Aug.  4,  1843,  in  Orange,  Mass.  He  is 
a  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Cook  coun 
ty,  111.,  and  a  man 
whose  high  attain- 
nii'iits  have  pliiccd 
••  him  in  the  front  rank 
^•K.  I  of  the  representa- 

I  tives  of  the  legal 
profession.  His  an 
cestors  on  both  sides 
of  the  house  figure 
prominently  in  the 
early  history  of  this 
country.  On  grad 
uating  from  Middle- 
bury  college  in  1866 
he  became  principal  of  Newton  academy 
of  Vermont,  but  resigned  in  1868,  when  he 
came  to  Chicago  to  take  up  the  study  of 
his  chosen  profession.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1868  at  Chicago,  where  he 
still  resides,  and  enjoyed  a  large  practice 
in  the  state  and  supreme  courts  till  the 
fall  of  1893,  when  he  was  nominated  by 
the  republican  party  for  the  circuit  court 
judgeship  and  elected  by  an  overwhelm 
ing  majority.  On  the  bench  as  well  as  at 
the  bar  he  has  made  a  record  that  will 
long  command  the  respect  of  the  people  of 
Illinois.  He  also  possesses  great  literary 
ability. 


SMITH,  ABNER  C.,  lawyer,  journalist, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  14, 
1814,  in  Vermont.  In  1839  he  moved  to 
Michigan;  was  judge  of  the  county  court; 
judge  of  probate;  and  a  state  senator  from 
Macomb  county  in  1845-46.  He  was  the 
editor  and  publisher  of  the  Macomb  Coun 
ty  Gazette;  and  also  of  the  Ancient  Land 
mark.  He  died  Sept.  20,  1880,  in  Litch- 
field,  Minn. 


ALAN  PENNEMAN,  physi- 
born  Feb.  3,  1840,  in  Baltimore, 
is  connected  with  nearly  all  the 
of  Baltimore  as  consulting  phy- 
surgeon.  and  has  performed  the 
of  lithotomy  more  than  one 
times,  successfully  in  every  in- 


SMITH 
cian,  was 
Md.     He 
hospitals 
slcian  or 
operation 
hundred 
stance. 

SMITH,  ALBERT,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  ?,,  1793,  in  Hanover, 
Mass.  He  was  sent  to  the  general  court 
of  Massachusetts  in  1820.  From  1830  to 
1838  he  was  marshal  of  the  United  States 
for  Maine.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Maine  from  1839  to  1841; 
and  in  1842  was  appointed  United  States 
commissioner  to  settle  the  northeastern 
boundary,  under  the  Ashburton  treaty, 
which  business  was  completed  in  1847.  He 
died  May  29,  1867,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SMITH,  ALBERT,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly  from 
Genesee  county  in  1842;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1843  to  1847. 

SMITH.  ALFRED  BAKER,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1825,  in  Massena, 
N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
St.  Lawrence  academy  and  Union  college 
of  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  During  the  civil 
war  he  was  a  major  in  the  one  hundred 
and  fiftieth  regiment  New  York  volun 
teer  infantry;  was  promoted  to  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  colonel  of  same;  and  brevet- 
ted  brigadier-general  by  President  Lin 
coln  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
in  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas.  He  took  part 
with  his  regiment  in  Gettysburg,  and  on 
every  march  and  fight  it  was  in;  and  com 
manded  the  regiment  on  its  march  to  the 
sea.  He  has  since  become  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of  the  east  at  Poughkeep 
sie,  N.  Y. ;  has  been  its  postmaster  for 
eight  years;  and  for  thirty-eight  years  a 
member  of  the  board  of  education. 

SMITH,  ALCOCK  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  moved  to  Washing 
ton  territory,  from  which  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  justice  of  the  United  States  court  for 
the  territory  of  Idaho. 

SMITH,  ANDREW  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1818,  in  Chillicothe, 
Ohio.  In  1875-76  he  was  attorney  gen 
eral  of  Michigan;  in  1878  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  second  circuit  to  fill  a  vacan 
cy  from  Cassopolis;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  same  office  in  1881  for  six  years. 

SMITH,  ANDREW  JACKSON,  soldier, 
was  born  April  28,  1815,  in  Bucks  county, 
Pa.  In  1838  he  graduated  from  West 
Point;  served  with  distinction  in  the  Mex 
ican  and  civil  wars;  and  attained  the  bre 
vet  of  major-general  in  the  United  States 
army. 

SMITH,  ANDREW  ROBINSON  GID- 
DINGE,  physician,  surgeon,  state  senator, 
was  born  in  May,  1841,  in  Bridgton,  Maine. 
He  entered  military  service  as  hospital 
steward;  was  promoted  assistant  surgeon; 
and  has  since  been  United  States  examin 
ing  surgeon  in  Whitefleld,  Maine.  He  has 
represented  his  town  in  the  state  legisla 
ture;  and  his  district  in  the  state  senate 
for  two  sessions. 


SMITH,  ARTHUR,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1785,  in  Isle 
of  Wight  county,  Va.  He  served  with 
credit  at  the  head  of  a  militia  force  at 
Norfolk  in  1812;  was  a  member  of  the 
privy  council  of  Virginia,  and  subsequent 
ly  a  member  of  the  state  legislature.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  1821 
to  1825.  He  died  March  30,  1853,  in  Vir 
ginia. 

SMITH,  ARTHUR  DONALDSON,  ex 
plorer,  author,  was  born  in  1864  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  an  African  explorer;  and 
the  author  of  Through  Unknown  African 
Countries. 

SMITH,  ARTHUR  E.,  poet,  was  born 
June  15,  1865,  in  Granville,  N.  Y.  He  is 
a  writer  of  Belcher,  N.  Y.;  and  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poemfc  entitled  Rural  Leg 
ends  and  Lyrics. 

SMITH,  ASA  DODGE,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  Sept.  21, 
1804,  in  Amherst,  N.  H.  He  was  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman;  and  was  president  of 
Dartmouth  college  during  1863-77.  He 
published  several  addresses  and  sermons. 
He  died  Aug.  16,  1877,  in  Hanover,  N.  H. 

SMITH,  ASHBEL,  physician,  diplomat, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1805,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  He  was  a  Texas  politician 
and  physician;  and  the  author  of  Account 
of  the  Geography  of  Texas;  and  Perma 
nent  Identity  of  the  Human  Race.  He 
died  Jan.  21,  1886,  in  Harris  county, 
Texas. 

SMITH,  ASHLEY  AUBURN,  clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  May  28,  1871,  in 
Auburn,  Maine.  He  graduated  from  Tufts 
college;  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Glou 
cester,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  entitled  Noble  Thoughts  for  Noble 
Living. 

SMITH,  AUGUSTUS  LEDYARD,  busi 
ness  man,  legislator,  was  born  April  5, 
1833,  in  Middletown,  Conn.  He  graduated 
from  the  university 
of  Middletown,  and 
subsequently  took  a 
position  as  tutor  in 
the  vmiversity  of 
Wisconsin  at  Madi 
son.  In  1856  he  be 
came  connected  with 
the  office  of  school 
lands  in  Wisconsin, 
and  with  the  Fox 
and  Wisconsin  Im 
provement  company, 
and  became  its  sec 
retary  and  treasurer.  In  1861  he  accepted 
the  professorship  in  the  United  States 
Naval  academy  of  Annapolis,  and  was  sub 
sequently  assigned  to  duty  on  the  steam 
frigate  Constitution.  After  the  war  he 
resumed  his  duties  with  the  Fox  and  Wis 
consin  Improvement  company,  which  was 
subsequently  merged  into  the  Green  Bay 
and  Mississippi  Canal  company;  and  was 
continuously  with  that  company  until 
1872.  In  1870  Mr.  Smith  organized  the 
First  National  bank  of  Appleton,  and  was 
its  president  for  more  than  twenty  years. 
In  1881  he  was  the  leading  spirit  of  the 
Appleton  Edison  Light  company;  and  in 
1894  was  elected  vice-president  of  the  Na 
tional  Association  of  the  Edison  Illumi 
nating  companies.  In  1866-67  he  served  as 
state  senator  in  the  Wisconsin  legislature; 
and  in  1870  was  elected  mayor  of  Appleton. 
Among  the  important  measures  in  which 
he  took  a  leading  part  was  the  reorganiza 
tion  of  the  State  university;  and  while  a 
member  of  the  senate  Governor  Fairchild 
appointed  him  regent,  which  position  he 
held  for  six  successive  years.  In  1884  he 
received  the  nomination  to  congress;  and 
was  president  of  the  Wisconsin  board  of 
World's  Fair  managers  in  1891. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


857 


SMITH,  AUGUSTUS  WILLIAM,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1802,  in 
Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  an  educator  who 
was  professor  of  mathematics  at  Wesley- 
an  university  in  1831-51:  and  president  of 
that  institution  from  1851.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Elementary  Treatise  on  Mechan 
ics.  He  died  March  26,  1866,  in  Annapo 
lis,  Md. 

SMITH.  AZARIAH  LAWRENCE,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  18, 
1837,  in  Tompkins  county,  N.  Y.  For  thir 
ty  years  he  was  engaged  in  educational 
work  as  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  several 
churches  in  Missouri,  and  for  many  years 
was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Mattock,  Iowa.  He  has  contributed  both 
prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical  press, 
and  some  of  his  poems  have  been  given  a 
place  in  standard  works. 

SMITH,  BALLARD,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1815  to  1821. 

SMITH,  BENJAMIN,  state  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  in  1750  in  Brunswick 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
North  Carolina  state  legislature  in  1792; 
was  a  general  of  militia:  and  was  govern 
or  of  the  state  from  1810  to  1811.  His 
life  was  one  of  many  difficulties;  was  en 
gaged  in  many  duels;  but  is  kindly  re 
membered  because  of  his  donation  of 
twenty  thousand  acres  of  land  to  the  State 
university  in  1789.  He  died  Feb.  10,  1829, 
in  Smithville,  N.  C. 

SMITH,  BENJAMIN  BOSWORTH,  bish 
op,  was  born  June  13,  1794,  in  Bristol,  R. 
I.  In  1832  he  became  a  protestant  episco 
pal  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Kentucky. 
His  earliest  work  in  the  ministry  was  in 
Marblehead  for  two  years,  after  which  he 
became  rector  of  St.  George's  church,  Ac- 
comack  county,  Va.,  and  two  years  later 
rector  of  Zion  church,  Charlestown,  with 
charge  of  the  church  in  Shepherdstown. 
He  died  May  31,  1884,  in  New  York  city. 

SMITH,  BENJAMIN  WILSON,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.  19,  1830,  in  Harrison  county,  Va.  He 
is  the  senior  member  of  a  school  supply 
firm  of  La  Fayette,  Ind.;  and  has  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Indiana  state  legisla 
ture  for  three  terms. 

SMITH,  BERNARD,  public  official,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1776  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.  He  was  sent  as  a  special 
bearer  of  dispatches  to  Europe;  and  was 
subsequently  collector  and  postmaster  at 
New  Brunswick.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1819 
to  1821;  and  during  the  latter  year  was 
appointed  register  of  the  land  office  in  Ar 
kansas,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death.  He  died  July  16,  1835,  in  Little 
Rock,  Ark. 

SMITH,  BOARDMAN  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1826,  in 
Whitingham,  Vt.  He  settled  in  New  York; 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  Chemung 
county  courts  in  1859,  and  elected  to  the 
same  office  in  that  year.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-second  and  forty-third  congresses. 

SMITH.  BUCKINGHAM,  lawyer,  diplo 
mat,  antiquarian,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
31,  1810,  in  Cumberland  Island,  Ga.  He 
was  a  Spanish-American  scholar  and  anti 
quary  of  note;  twice  secretary  of  the 
United  States  legation  at  Mexico;  and 
after  1859  a  lawyer  in  Florida.  Among 
his  many  publications  are  Grammatical 
Sketch  of  the  Heve  Language;  Grammar 
of  the  Pima,  or  Nevome;  and  Narratives 
of  the  Career  of  Hernando  de  Soto  in  the 
Conquest  of  Florida.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1871, 
in  New  York  city. 


SMITH,  CALEB  BLOOD,  congressman, 
cabinet  officer,  was  born  April  16,  1808, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1832  he  established 
and  edited  a  whig 
journal  called  the 
Indiana  Sentinel.  In 
1833  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legisla 
ture;  and  also  in 
1834-36.  He  was  a 
representative  in 
congress  from  Indi 
ana  from  1843  to 
1849;  and  was  a  pres 
idential  elector  in 
1840  and  1856.  Aft 
er  leaving  congress 
in  1849  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  mem 
bers  of  the  board  for  investigating  the 
claims  of  American  citizens  against  Mex 
ico;  and  subsequently  practiced  his  pro 
fession  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1861  he 
was  appointed  secretary  of  the  interior 
department.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
peace  congress  held  in  Washington  in 
1861;  and  in  1862  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  for  the 
district  of  Indiana.  He  died  Jan.  8,  1864, 
in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

SMITH,  CARL,  journalist,  poet.  He  was 
a  successful  journalist  and  on  the  staff  of 
the  Chicago  Record.  He  was  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Where  the 
Sun  Goes  Down.  He  was  drowned  in 
September,  1898. 

SMITH,  CARROLL  EARLL,  journalist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1832, 
in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  He  was  associate  edi 
tor  on  the  staff  of  the  Syracuse  Chronicle. 
In  1888  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
legislature;  and  in  1889-93  was  postmaster 
of  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

SMITH,  CHARLES,  bookseller,  was 
born  in  1768  in  New  York.  He  was  a  book 
seller  in  New  York  city;  translated  plays 
for  the  stage  from  the  German  of  Kotze- 
bue  and  Schiller;  and  edited  the  Month 
ly  Military  Repository  in  1796-97.  He  also 
published  a  Political  Pocket  Almanac  in 
1797.  He  died  in  1808  in  New  York  city. 

SMITH,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  4,  1765,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  became  president  judge  in 
1819  of  the  judicial  district  composed  of 
the  counties  of  Cumberland,  Franklin  and 
Adams;  and  in  1820  of  the  newly  formed 
district  court  of  Lancaster  city  and  coun 
ty.  His  later  life  was  spent  in  Philadel 
phia.  He  was  appointed  by  the  legislature 
in  1810  to  revise  the  laws  of  the  state,  and 
to  frame  a  compilation  of  them,  which  he 
published  with  a  Treatise  on  the  Land 
Laws  of  Pennsylvania,  in  five  volumes. 
He  died  March  18,  1836,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

SMITH,  CHARLES  ADAM,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1809,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  lutheran  clergyman 
of  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.,  and  elsewhere.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Catechumen's 
Guide;  Men  of  the  Olden  Time;  Before 
the  Flood  and  After;  Among  the  Lilies; 
Inlets  and  Outlets;  Stoneridge,  pastoral 
sketches;  and  Popular  Exposition  of  the 
Gospels.  He  died  Feb.  15,  1879,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

SMITH,  CHARLES  BROOKS,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1844,  in 
Wood  county,  W.  Va.  He  enlisted  in  the 
union  army  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years, 
and  was  mustered  out  in  1865.  He  was 
twice  elected  mayor  of  the  city  of  Parkers- 
burg;  and  in  1880  was  elected  sheriff  and 
treasurer  of  the  county  of  Wood,  and 
served  a  term  of  four  years;  was  delegate 
at  large  to  the  national  republican  conven 
tion  at  Chicago  in  1888;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 


SMITH,  CHARLES  EMORY,  journalist, 
was  born  Feb.  18,  1842,  in  Mansfield,  Conn. 
He  became  editor  of  the  Albany  Express 
in  1865,  and  of  the  Albany  Journal  in 
1870,  and  since  1880  has  conducted  the 
Philadelphia  Press.  He  was  president  of 
the  New  York  State  Press  association  in 
1874,  and  delivered  the  annual  address  at 
its  meeting.  He  was  a  regent  of  the  uni 
versity  of  the  state  of  New  York  in  1879- 
80;  and  a  delegate  to  the  national  republi 
can  conventions  in  1876  and  in  1888. 

SMITH,  CHARLES  FERGUSON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  April  24,  1807,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  served  at  the  military 
academy  from  1829  till  1842  as  assistant 
instructor  of  infantry  tactics,  adjutant, 
and  as  commandant  of  cadets  and  instruc 
tor  of  infantry  tactics.  He  was  with  the 
army  of  General  Zachary  Taylor  in  the 
military  occupation  of  Texas  in  1845-46, 
and  was  placed  in  command  of  four  com 
panies  of  artillery,  acting  as  infantry, 
which  throughout  the  war  that  followed 
was  famous  as  Smith's  light  battalion. 
He  died  April  25,  1862,  in  Savannah,  Tenn. 

SMITH,  CHARLES  FORSTER,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  June  30,  1852,  in 
Abbeville  county,  S.  C.  He  graduated  from 
the  Watford  college,  Harvard  university, 
and  Leipsic  university.  He  has  filled  the 
chair  of  Greek  in  various  institutions,  and 
now  fills  that  chair  in  the  university  of 
Wisconsin.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
books,  and  a  number  of  philological  and 
literary  articles. 

SMITH,  CHARLES  HENRY  (Bill  Arp), 
lawyer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  June 
15,  1826,  in  Lawrenceville,  Ga.  He  is  a 
lawyer  and  journalist  of  Rome,  Ga.,  and 
well-known  as  a  humorous  contributor  to 
The  Atlanta  Constitution.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Bill  Arp's  Letters;  Bill  Arp's 
Scrap  Book;  The  Farm  and  the  Fireside; 
A  Side  Show  of  the  Southern  Side  of  the 
War;  and  Georgia  as  a  Colony  and  State 
in  1733-1893. 

SMITH,  CHARLES  HENRY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  1, 
1827,  in  Hollis,  Maine.  He  has  been  suc 
cessively  lawyer,  soldier,  state  senator, 
and  army  officer,  and  is  now  on  the  retired 
list  of  the  United  States  army  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

SMITH,  CHARLES  P.,  merchant,  bank 
er,  state  legislator,  was  born  March  4, 
1847,  in  Canada.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Burlington;  is  president 
of  the  Burlington  Savings  bank;  and  in 
1894  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Vermont 
house  of  representatives. 

SMITH,  CHARLES  PERRIN,  genealo 
gist,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1819,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  On  attaining  his  majority  he 
became  proprietor  and  editor  of  The  Na 
tional  Standard  of  Salem,  N.  J.,  and  con 
ducted  it  for  eleven  years.  He  served  in 
the  legislature  of  1852,  and  filled  nu 
merous  public  positions.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  genealogy.  He  died  Jan.  27, 
1883,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

SMITH,  CHARLES  SHALER,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1836,  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.  He  constructed  the  confed 
erate  states  powder  works,  one  of  the 
largest  that  had  then  been  built.  In  1866 
he  organized  the  engineering  firm  which 
subsequently  became  the  Baltimore  Bridge 
company,  of  which  he  was  president  and 
chief  engineer.  He  died  Dec.  19,  1886,  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

SMITH,  CHESTER  G.,  lawyer,  orator, 
was  born  Dec.  31,  1870,  in  Frankfort, 
Mich.  He  received  a  thorough  education 
in  the  graded  and  normal  schools;  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Utica, 
N.  Y.  He  has  a  successful  practice  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


858 


HERRINGSHAWS     KNCYCt,OPKD[A     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SMITH,  DABNEY  HOWARD,  state  aud 
itor,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1821,  near  George 
town,  Ky.  In  1849  he  was  elected  to  the 
Kentucky  state  legislature,  and  in  1853 
he  was  elected  state  senator,  without  op 
position,  from  the  district  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Scott  and  Fayette,  the  latter 
being  the  home  of  Henry  Clay. 

SMITH,  DANIEL,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  about  1740  in  Pauquier 
county,  Va.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest 
emigrants  to  Tennessee,  and  was  a  gen 
eral  of  militia.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Tennessee  during  the  year 
1798,  and  was  again  a  senator  from  1805 
to  1809.  He  died  in  July,  1818. 

SMITH,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  16, 1806,  in  Salisbury,  Conn. 
He  was  a  methodist  clergyman  of  New 
York  state,  and  very  active  in  the  tem 
perance  cause.  He  was  the  author  of  Wis 
dom  in  Miniature;  Gems  of  Female  Biog 
raphy;  Anecdotes  for  the  Young;  Teach 
ers'  Assistant;  Lectures  to  Young  Men; 
Book  of  Manners;  and  Anecdotes  of  the 
Christian  Ministry.  He  died  June  23,  1852, 
in  Kingston,  N.  Y. 

SMITH,  DAVID  HIGHBAUGH,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  19,  1854,  in  Hart  county,  Ky.  He 
has  been  practicing  law  since  1876,  and 
was  elected  county  attorney  for  Larue 
county  in  1878,  for  the  term  of  four  years. 
He  was  elected  superintendent  of  common 
schools  for  Larue  county  in  1878.  In  1881 
he  was  elected  to  represent  Larue  county 
in  the  house  of  representatives  of  the 
general  assembly  for  two  years,  and  in 
1885  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  for 
the  term  of  four  years,  and  re-elected 
in  1889.  At  the  first  meeting  of  the 
senate  he  was  elected  for  the  term 
of  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which  term  he 
was  again  elected  for  a  second  term  of 
two  years,  and  was  president  of  the  sen 
ate.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

SMITH,  DAVID  M.,  inventor,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  in  1809,  in  Hartland, 
Vt.  The  awl-haft  as  manufactured  by 
him  was  similar  if  not  identical  with  the 
one  now  known  as  the  Aiken  awl.  In  1840- 
41  he  represented  the  town  of  Gilsum  in 
the  New  Hampshire  legislature,  after 
which  he  removed  to  Springfield,  Vt.  He 
patented  a  combination-lock  in  1849,  of 
which  an  English  expert  named  Hobbs, 
who  had  opened  all  the  locks  that  were 
brought  to  him  in  London,  said,  It  cannot 
be  picked.  He  died  Nov.  10,  1881,  in 
Springfield,  Vt. 

SMliri.  DELAZON,  journalist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1816,  in 
New  Berlin,  N.  Y.  He  studied  law,  be 
came  a  writer  for  the 
press,  and  was  asso 
ciated  with  the 
Rochester  True  Jef- 
fersonian  and  the 
Western  Empire  of 
Dayton,  Ohio.  In 
1846  he  removed  to 
Iowa  territory,  whore 
he  remained  until 
1852,  when  he  moved 
to  Oregon  territory. 
In  1854  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  assembly 

of  Oregon,  and  was  re-elected  in  1855  and 
1856.  In  1857  he  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  which  framed  a  state  consti 
tution,  and  in  IXfiS  was  chosen  one  of  the 
senators  in  congress  for  the  prospective 
state,  and  took  his  seat  as  such  in  1859. 
He  was  also  the  editor  of  the  Oregon 
Democrat.  He  died  Nov.  17,  1860,  in  Port 
land,  Ore. 


SMITH,  DEXTER,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1842  in  Salem,  Mass.  More  than 
one  thousand  poems  from  the  pen  of  this 
poet  have  been  set  to  music,  and  some  of  his 
songs  have  attained  circulations  running 
well  into  millions  of  copies,  notably  the 
lyrics,  Ring  the  Bell  Softly,  There's  Crape 
on  the  Door;  Cross  and  Crown;  Put  Me 
in  My  Little  Bed;  Darling  Minnie  Lee; 
and  others.  Ring  the  Bell  Softly  has 
been  translated  into  several  foreign  lan 
guages.  Since  1865  he  has  edited  contin 
uously  various  musical  journals,  among 
them  the  Orpheus  and  the  Boston  Musical 
Record,  which  he  now  conducts.  A  vol 
ume  of  his  poems  appeared  in  1867. 

SMITH,  DIETRICH  C.,  soldier,  manu 
facturer,  banker,  congressman,  was  born 
April  4,  1840,  in  Hanover.  He  entered  the 
union  army  in  1861,  and  served  through 
out  the  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  cap 
tain.  He  engaged  in  banking  and  manu 
facturing  in  Pekin,  111.;  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  legislature  of  Illinois,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  forty-seventh  congress. 

SMITH,  EDWARD  DELAFIELD,  law 
yer,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  8,  1826, 
in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Avidae, 
a  poem;  Destiny,  a  poem;  Oratory,  a 
poem;  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  New  York 
Court  of  Common  Pleas;  and  Addresses 
to  Juries  in  Slave  Trade  Trials.  He  died 
April  13,  1878,  in  Shrewsbury,  N.  J. 

SMITH,  EDWARD  HENRY,  farmer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1809,  in  Smith- 
town,  N.  Y.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the  thir 
ty-seventh  congress. 

SMITH,  EDWARD  M.,  lawyer,  legislat 
or,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1838,  in  Alstead,  N. 
H.  He  received  a  thorough  education,  at 
tended  the  academy 
of  Alstead;  and  in 
1860  graduated  from 
the  Albany  Law 
school,  New  York. 
He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  profes 
sion  of  law;  is  one 
of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  New  Eng 
land,  and  still  prac 
tices  in  the  city  of 
his  nativity.  He  has 
served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire 
state  legislature;  was  superintendent  of 
the  school  committee  for  twelve  years; 
has  been  tax  collector  for  eleven  years; 
and  is  moderator  of  Alstead,  N.  H.  He 
is  prominent  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state;  and  an  active 
member  in  several  fraternal  orders. 

SMITH,  EDWARD  M..  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1854,  in  St.  Albans, 
Vt.  Since  1896  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Central  Vermont  railroad. 

SMITH,  EDWARD  PARMELEE,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  June  3, 
1827,  in  South  Britain,  Conn.  In  1871  he 
was  appointed  an  Indian  agent  among 
the  Chippewas  in  Minnesota;  in  1873  he 
was  appointed  commissioner  of  Indian 
affairs,  and  in  1875  was  appointed  presi 
dent  of  Howard  university.  He  died  June 
15,  1876,  in  Africa. 

SMITH,  EDWIN  BRADBURY,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  October,  1832, 
in  Kennobunkport,  Maine.  He  practiced 
law  in  Saco,  Maine;  frequently  served  in 
the  state  legislature,  and  was  chosen 
speaker  in  1871.  He  was  subsequently  the 
official  reporter  of  the  supreme  court,  and 
in  1875  was  appointed  first  assistant  in  the 
office  of  the  attorney-general  of  the  Unit 
ed  States. 


SMITH,  ELDRIDGE,  soldier,  poet.  He 
served  with  distinction  as  a  colonel  in  the 
United  States  army  during  the  civil  war; 
and  took  part  in  the  defence  of  Balti 
more  during  the  raid  of  General  Early  in 
1864.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  Songs  of  the  Morning. 
His  wife  is  also  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
poems  entitled  Beautiful  Builders. 

SMITH,  ELI,  missionary,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  13,  1801,  in  Northfield,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  missionary  at 
Beirut,  and  the  author  of  Missionary  Re 
searches  in  Armenia;  and  an  Arabic  trans 
lation  of  the  Bible.  He  died  Jan.  11,  1857, 
in  Syria. 

SMITH,  ELI  N.,  lawyer,  was  born  April 
24,  1844,  in  Woodsfield,  Ohio.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education,  and  has  at 
tained  eminence  as  a  successful  criminal 
lawyer  of  El  Dorado,  Kan.  He  has  been 
prosecuting  attorney,  mayor  of  his  city, 
and  takes  a  prominent  part  in  public 
affairs. 

SMITH,  EL1AS,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  June  17,  1769,  in  Lyme,  Conn.  He 
was  a  congregational  clergyman  of  Massa 
chusetts,  and  the  author  of  The  Clergy 
man's  Looking-Glass;  History  of  Anti- 
Christ;  and  Sermons  on  the  Prophecies. 
He  died  June  29,  1846,  in  Lynn,  Mass. 

SMITH,  ELIHU  HUBBARD,  physician, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1771,  in 
Litchfield,  Conn.  He  was  a  physician  and 
poet  of  New  York  city.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Edwin  and  Angelina,  an  opera; 
and  American  Poems,  Original  and  Se 
lected.  He  died  Dec.  19,  1798,  in  New  York 
city. 

SMITH,  ELIJAH,  railroad  president, 
was  born  April  23,  1840,  in  Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y.  Since  1895  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Oregon  Improvement  company;  and 
has  also  been  president  of  the  Detroit, 
Hillsdale  and  South-Western  railroad. 

SMITH,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  OAKES, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1806,  in 
North  Yarmouth,  Maine.  She  was  a  prom 
inent  writer  of  prose  and  poetry,  and 
was  the  first  woman  lecturer  in  America. 
Her  later  years  were  passed  in  Hollywood, 
S.  C.  Among  her  many  works  are,  Tile 
Sinless  Child,  and  Other  Poems;  The 
Newsboy,  which  first  directed  public  at 
tention  to  a  hitherto  neglected  class; 
Riches  Without  Wings;  Old  New  York,  or 
Jacob  Leisler,  a  tragedy;  Woman  and  Her 
Needs;  Bertha  and  Lily;  and  The  West 
ern  Captive.  She  died  in  1893. 

SMITH,  EMMETT  WERTER,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1866,  in  Sexton, 
Texas.  In  1888  he  graduated  with  honors 
from  the  Southwestern  university;  was 
principal  of  the  high  school  in  East  Texas 
for  three  years,  and  in  1892  graduated 
vfrom  the  law  department  of  the  university 
of  Texas.  He  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of  Nacogdoches,  Texas, 
where  he  is  also  associate  editor  of  The 
Star-News.  He  is  the  author  of  a  num 
ber  of  articles  on  various  topics,  which 
have  appeared  in  current  literature. 

SMITH,  ERASMUS  DARWIN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1806,  in  De  Ruy- 
ter,  N.  Y.  He  became  a  master  in  chan 
cery  in  1832,  and  was  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  New  York  from  1855 
till  1877,  when  he  was  retired  on  account 
of  age.  He  served  on  the  court  of  ap 
peals  in  1862  and  1870,  and  was  general 
term  justice  in  1872-77.  He  died  Nov.  11, 
1883,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

SMITH,  ERASMUS  PESHINE,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  March  2,  1814,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  jurist  and  po 
litical  economist;  and  the  author  of  Man 
ual  of  Political  Economy.  He  died  Oct. 
21,  1882,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


859 


SMITH,  MRS.  ERMINNIE  ADELLE, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1836, 
in  Marcellus,  N.  Y.  She  was  an  ethnol 
ogist  who  published  an  Iroquois-English 
dictionary.  Sne  died  June  9,  1886,  in 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

SMITH,  ETHAN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1762,  in  Belchertown, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  and  city  missionary  of  Boston  in 
lb32-49.  He  was  the  author  of  A  View  of 
the  Trinity;  and  A  View  of  the  Hebrews, 
in  which  the  origin  of  the  American  In 
dians  was  traced  to  the  ten  tribes  of 
Israel.  He  died  Aug.  29,  1849,  in  Pompey, 
N.  Y. 

SMITH,  EUGENE  ALLEN,  educator, 
geologist,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1841,  in  Ala 
bama.  He  has  attained  eminence  as  a 
noted  geologist;  and  is  connected  with 
the  university  of  Alabama. 

SMITH,  MRS.  EUGENIA  M.,  author, 
was  born  in  1852  in  Vermont.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  the  author 
of  Winsome  but  Wicked;  The  Parson's 
Sin;  and  Our  Money-Makers,  a  poultry 
book. 

SMITH,  MRS.  EVA  MUNSON,  compos 
er,  poet,  author,  was  born  July  12,  1843, 
in  Monkton,   Vt.      She   is   the  author   of 
Woman     in     Sacred 
Song,    a    representa 
tive    work    of    what 
woman  has   done   in 
hymnology.      She    is 
the     author     of     a 
large       number       of 
temperance        songs 
and      other      works, 
which   have    become 
very    popular.      Her 
poems      appear      in 
Poets     of     America 
and    other    standard 
works;     Her  best  known  productions  are, 
Woodland     Warblings;     American     Rifle 
Team  March;   and  I  Will  Not  Leave  You 
Comfortless. 

SMITH,  FLORENCE,  poet,  was  born  in 
1845  in  New  York  city.  She  was  a  poet  of 
New  York  city;  and  published  Piero's 
Painting,  and  Other  Poems.  She  died  in 
1871  in  New  York  city. 

SMITH,  FRANCIS  GURNEY,  physician, 
author,  was  born  March  8,  1818,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  During  the  civil  war  he 
was  physician  in  charge  of  a  military  hos 
pital.  He  founded  and  established  the 
first  laboratory  in  which  physiology  was 
taught  experimentally  and  by  demonstra 
tion  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  the  first  president  of  the  Philadel 
phia  Obstetrical  society,  and  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  American  Medical  association 
in  1870.  For  nine  years  he  was  an  editor 
of  the  Philadelphia  Medical  Examiner.  He 
contributed  frequently  to  medical  litera 
ture;  translated  and  edited  Barth  and 
Roger's  Manual  of  Auscultation  and  Per 
cussion;  edited  Daniel  Drake's  System 
atic  Treatise;  and  was  the  author  of  Do 
mestic  Medicine,  Surgery,  and  Materia 
Medica.  He  died  April  6,  1878,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

SMITH,  FRANCIS  HENNEY,  soldier, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1812, 
in  Norfolk,  Va.  He  was  a  confederate 
officer  who  was  professor  of  mathematics 
at  Hampden  Sidney  college  in  1837-39,  and 
superintendent  of  the  Virginia  Military 
institute  in  1839-61,  and  1865-90.  He  was 
the  author  of  Best  Methods  of  Conducting 
Common  Schools;  College  Reform;  and  a 
series  of  algebras.  He  died  March  21, 
1890,  in  Lexington,  Va. 

SMITH,  FRANCIS  HOPKINSON,  artist, 
civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  23, 
1838,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  is  the  au 


thor  of  Well-Worn  Roads  of  Spain,  Hol 
land  and  Italy;  Old  Lines  in  New  Black 
and  White;  A  White  Umbrella  in  Mexico; 
Colonel  Carter  of  Cartersville,  a  novel; 
A  Day  at  Laguerre's,  and  Other  Days; 
American  Illustrators;  Venice  of  To-Day; 
A  Gentleman  Vagabond,  and  Some 
Others;  and  Tom  Grogan. 

SMITH,  FRANCIS  OSMOND  JON,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1806,  in  Brentwood,  N.  H.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
assembly  of  Maine 
in  1831;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  state  sen 
ate  in  1833,  and  was 
a  representative  in 
congress  from  Maine 
from  1833  to  1839. 
He  was  a  brilliant 
orator  and  parlia 
mentarian;  and 
while  in  congress 
served  on  a  number 
of  important  com 
mittees.  He  died  Oct.  14,  1876,  in  Deering, 
Maine. 

SMITH,  FRANK  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  6,  1861,  near  Leavenworth, 
Kan.  He  held  the  office  of  state's  attor 
ney  for  six  years,  and  that  of  county 
judge  for  two  years.  He  is  now  circuit 
judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  circuit  of 
South  Dakota. 

SMITH,  FRANK  H.,  physician,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  1855  in  Jackson 
ville,  Pa.  He  has  been  mayor  of  Good- 
land,  Kan.,  where  he  is  a  successful  phy 
sician.  In  1896  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Kansas  state  legislature. 

SMITH,  FRANK  HILL,  artist,  was  born 
Oct.  15,  1842,  in  Boston,  Mass.  His  work 
in  oil  includes  portraits,  figure-pieces  and 
landscapes.  Some  of  his  Venetian  pictures 
belong  to  the  Somerset  club,  Boston.  He 
has  decorated  the  Windsor  hotel  and  the 
opera-house  at  Holyoke,  Mass.,  and  nu 
merous  public  and  private  buildings  in 
Boston,  Cambridge  and  other  cities. 

SMITH,  FRANK  L.,  portrait  painter, 
was  born  Dec.  21,  1860,  in  Ripon,  Wis. 
Early  in  life  he  had  a  penchant  for  art; 
studied  under  the  best  masters,  and  has 
attained  a  national  reputation  as  an  emi 
nent  portrait  painter. 

SMITH,  FRANK  SULLIVAN,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  14,  1851,  in  Short  Tract, 
N.  Y.  He  received  a  thorough  education; 
attended  Angelica  academy;  and  in  1872 
graduated  from  Yale  college.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as  a  lawyer,  and  is  one  of 
the  foremost  in  his  profession,  with  offices 
in  New  York  city  and  Angelica.  He  has 
had  much  important  and  successful  liti 
gation,  notably  in  relation  to  Eastern  and 
Northern  railroad  of  Alabama;  Schuyler 
Electric  company  of  Allegheny;  and  the 
Kinzua  Railroad  company.  He  has  been 
supervisor  of  Allegheny  county,  was  a 
delegate  to  the  republican  national  con 
vention  in  1884,  has  been  school  commis 
sioner,  and  was  secretary  of  the  repub 
lican  state  committee  during  1887-91.  He 
was  general  counsel  of  the  Sciota  Val 
ley  and  N.  E.  railroad.  He  is  president 
of  the  Allegheny  Central  Railroad  com 
pany,  and  vice-president  and  counsel 
of  the  C.,  N.  Y.  and  W.;  and  general  coun 
sel  of  the  P.  S.  and  L.  E.;  and  the  Michi 
gan  Gas  company. 

SMITH,  GENIE  M.,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1852,  in  Vermont. 
She  is  the  author  of  three  novels,  one 
book  of  poems,  and  numerous  serials, 
short  stories,  sketches  and  other  articles. 
She  has  been  the  editor  of  the  Minnesota 
Housekeeper,  Iowa  Mid-Continent,  and 
various  other  publications. 


SMITH,  GEORGE,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1809  to  1813. 

SMITH,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1804, 
in  Delaware  county,  Pa.  He  served  in 
the  state  senate  in  1832-36.  He  was  an 
associate  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  of  Delaware  county  from  the  latter 
date  till  1857,  and  was  re-elected  in  1861 
for  a  term  of  five  years.  He  was  chosen 
the  first  superintendent  of  the  Delaware 
county  common  schools  in  1854,  and  for 
the  subsequent  twenty-five  years  was 
president  of  the  school  board  of  Upper 
Darby  school  district.  He  also  devoted 
much  attention  to  scientific  pursuits,  es 
pecially  to  geology.  He  was  a  founder  of 
the  Delaware  county  institute  of  science, 
and  its  president  from  1833  until  his  death, 
presenting  it  with  his  valuable  herbarium 
about  1875.  He  published  several  essays 
and  A  History  of  Delaware  County,  Pa., 
from  the  Discovery  of  the  Territory  In 
cluded  Within  Its  Limits  to  the  Present 
Time.  He  died  March  10,  1882,  in  Upper 
Darby,  Pa. 

SMITH,  GEORGE  CARSON,  railroad 
president,  was  born  March  4,  1855,  in 
Granville,  Wash.  Since  1894  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Atlanta  and  West  Point 
railroad,  and  also  of  the  Western  railway 
of  Alabama. 

SMITH,  GEORGE  HANDY,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  July  21,  1836,  In 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1871  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  leg 
islature,  and  was  twice  re-elected.  In 
1875  he  was  elected  a  state  senator,  and 
in  1877  a  United  States  senator.  In  1885 
and  again  in  1887  he  was  chosen  president 
pro  tern,  of  the  senate. 

SMITH,  GEORGE  L.,  soldier,  merchant, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  11,  1840,  in  Hillsborough  coun 
ty,  N.  H.  He  served  in  the  army; 
settled  in  Louisiana  at  the  close  of 
the  civil  war  and  engaged  in  mercantile 
business,  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  assembly  in  1870  and  1872.  He  was 
proprietor  of  the  Shreveport  Southwest 
ern  Telegram;  and  was  president  of  a  sav 
ings  bank  and  trust  company.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Louisiana 
to  the  forty-third  congress  to  fill  a  va 
cancy. 

SMITH,  GEORGE  W.,  physician,  mer 
chant,  banker,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1846, 
in  Hillsdale  county,  Mich.  In  1867  he 
moved  to  Owosso,  Mich.,  engaged  in  the 
drug  business,  and  there  studied  medi 
cine.  He  practiced  that  profession  for  a 
while,  and  then  engaged  in  the  wholesale 
and  retail  grocery  business.  In  1878  he 
moved  to  Geneva,  Neb.,  and  a  year  later 
organized  the  Geneva  Exchange  bank,  of 
which  he  was  president.  In  1879  the 
bank's  name  was  changed  to  the  First 
National  bank  of  Geneva,  of  which  he  is 
still  president.  He  has  traveled  exten 
sively  in  Europe,  and  on  his  return  was 
elected  mayor  of  his  city  in  1890.  He 
has  also  organized  several  other  banks 
in  Nebraska,  and  has  made  generous  con 
tributions  to  churches  and  educational 
institutions. 

SMITH,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1846,  in  Put 
nam  county,  Ohio.  In  1870  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  practice  of  law  by  the  supreme 
court  of  Illinois,  since  which  time  he  has 
resided  in  Murphysboro.  In  1880  he  was 
the  republican  elector  for  his  congression 
al  district,  and  cast  the  vote  of  the  district 
for  Garfield  and  Arthur.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third, 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 


sen 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SMITH,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1800,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  founder  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Historical  society;  for  many 
years  one  of  its  councillors,  and  at  his 
death  senior  vice-president.  He  possessed 
a  large  estate,  of  which  he  gave  liberally 
to  benevolent  objects.  He  published 
Facts  and  Arguments  in  Favor  of  Adopt 
ing  Railroads  in  Preference  to  Canals; 
Defence  of  the  Pennsylvania  System  in 
Favor  of  Solitary  Confinement  of  Pris 
oners;  and  edited  Nicholas  Wood's  trea 
tise  on  Railroads.  He  died  April  22, 
1876,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SMITH,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  governor. 
He  was  governor  of  Virginia  from  1811  to 
1812,  and  lost  his  life  at  the  burning  of 
the  Richmond  theater,  Dec.  26,  1811. 

SMITH,  GEORGE  WILLIAMSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1836,  in 
Catskill,  N.  Y.  He  was  ordained  deacon 
in  1860,  and  priest  in  1864,  in  the  protes- 
tant  episcopal  church,  and  was  an  assist 
ant  at  various  churches  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  He  was  acting  professor  of  math 
ematics  in  the  United  States  naval  acad 
emy  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  in  1864-t>5,  chap 
lain  at  the  Annapolis  academy  in  1865-68, 
and  chaplain  on  the  United  States  steam 
ship  Franklin  in  1868-71.  He  was  rector 
of  Grace  church,  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  in  1872- 
81,  of  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer,  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.,  in  1880-83,  and  since  the  latter 
date  has  been  president  of  Trinity  col 
lege.  He  has  published  occasional  ser 
mons,  and  is  the  author  of  a  Memoir  of 
Rev.  John  H.  Van  Ingen. 

SMITH,  GERRIT,  philanthropist,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  March  6, 
1797,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  He  was  one  of  the 
leaders  of  the  Anti-Slavery  society,  and 
was  noted  for  his  philanthropy.  Having 
inherited  one  of  the  largest  landed  es 
tates  in  the  country,  he  distributed  nearly 
two  hundred  thousand  acres  of  it  among 
the  poor.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1853  to 
1855.  He  was  the  author  of  Speeches  in 
Congress;  Sermons  and  Speeches;  The  Re 
ligion  of  Reason;  The  Theologies;  and 
Nature  the  Basts  of  a  Free  Theology.  He 
died  Dec.  28,  1874,  in  New  York  city. 

SMITH,  GERTRUDE,  author,  was  born 
in  1860  in  California.  She  is  a  Boston 
writer,  whose  early  life  was  spent  in  the 
west.  She  is  the  author  of  The  Rousing 
of  Mrs.  Potter,  and  Other  Stories;  The 
Arabella  and  Araminta  Stories;  and  De- 
dora  Heywood. 

SMITH,  GILES  ALEXANDER,  soldier, 
was  born  Sept.  29,  1829,  in  Jefferson  coun 
ty,  N.  Y.  He  became  captain  in  the 
eighth  Missouri  volunteers  in  1861,  and  in 
1863  was  promoted  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers.  He  died  Nov.  8,  1876,  in 
Bloomington,  111. 

SMITH,  GREEN  CLAY,  soldier,  cler 
gyman,  congressman,  was  born  July  2, 
1830,  in  Richmond,  Ky.  He  was  a  school 
commissioner  from  1853  to  1857,  estab 
lishing  a  great  number  of  schools.  He 
served  as  second  lieutenant  in  the  Mexi 
can  war,  and  after  the  breaking  out  of 
the  rebellion  in  1861  had  command  of  the1 
fourth  Kentucky  cavalry.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature;  was  appointed 
a  brigadier-general  in  1862;  was  subse 
quently  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major- 
general;  and  was  present  at  the  battle 
of  Ball's  Bluff  and  about  fifty  other  en 
gagements.  In  1863  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress.  In  1866,  while 
still  in  congress  he  was  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  Montana.  He  subsequently  be 


came  a  preacher  in  the  baptist  church  In 
Frankfort,  Ky.  In  1876  he  was  the  candi 
date  of  the  prohibition  party  for  the  presi 
dency  of  the  United  States. 

SMITH,  GUSTAVUS  WOODSON,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1822,  in 
Scott  county,  Ky.  He  was  a  confederate 
general  who  lived  in  New  York  city  from 
1876.  He  was  the  author  of  Notes  on  Life 
Insurance;  and  Confederate  War  Papers. 
He  died  in  1896. 

SMITH,  H.  BOARDMAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1826,  in 
Whitingham,  Vt.  He  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  Chemung  county  courts  in 
1859,  and  was  elected  to  the  same  office. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
third  congress  as  a  republican. 

SMITH,  HAMILTON  LANPHERE,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1819,  in 
New  London,  Conn.  He  is  an  educator 
who  has  been  professor  of  natural  phil 
osophy  at  Hobart  college  since  1868.  He 
is  the  author  of  Natural  Philosophy;  and 
First  Lessons  in  Astronomy  and  Geol 
ogy. 

SMITH,  HARRY  H.,  public  official,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  31,  1842,  in  Fairport, 
N.  Y.  In  1870  he  was  special  marshal 
of  the  Michigan  census.  He  has  been 
United  States  national  bank  examiner. 
He  is  the  author  and  compiler  of  a  Digest 
and  Manual;  and  is  a  parliamentary  au 
thor,  writer  and  expert;  bank  and  tariff 
statistical  expert,  and  magazine  writer. 
He  prepared  a  codification  of  the  rules  of 
the  senate,  which  code  was  substantially 
adopted,  and  Senate  Manual,  as  revised  by 
him  was  printed.  Mr.  Smith  made  two  oth 
er  revisions  of  the  house  rules  in  the  forty- 
ninth  and  fifty-first  congresses,  in  the 
latter  eliminating  all  filibustering  mo 
tion,  thus  permitting  a  majority  to  rule. 
That  code,  so  prepared  by  him,  was  sub 
stantially  adopted,  and  became  known 
as  the  Reed  rules.  He  has  prepared  the 
parliamentary  history  of  congress,  the 
manuscript  of  which  will  be  purchased 
by  congress,  in  accordance  with  unani 
mous  recommendations  of  committees  of 
both  houses  of  congress. 

SMITH,  HENRY,  millwright,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  22,  1838,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  The  year  of  his  birth  he  re 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Massillon,  Ohio, 
and  moved  to  Milwaukee  in  1844,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  common  council  of  Milwaukee  from 
1868  till  1872;  was  a  member  of  the  Wis 
consin  legislature  in  1878;  and  was  again 
a  member  of  the  common  council  from 
1880  till  1882.  He  was  city  comptroller 
from  1882  till  1884,  and  from  that  date 
a  member  of  the  common  council  until 
1887,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth 
congress  as  the  people's  party  candidate. 

SMITH,  HENRY,  educator,  missionary. 
For  several  years  after  graduation  from 
Bowdoin  college,  he  taught  in  the  Ports- 
.    mouth  academy.    Af 
ter    three    years    at 
Andover  he  became  a 
successful      mission 
ary  in  western  New 
York.       For     eleven 
years  he  filled  a  pas 
torate  in  the  presby- 
terian      church       of 
Ciinidcn,   N.    V.     The 
+•  <&.. .    j^L          Theological  school  of 
£          ^fl^^k      Auburn,   N.   Y..   was 
^       .^•••l    lately   benefited   >>y 
the   funds   which   he 

raised  for  it.  He  was  also  noted  for  his 
great  philanthropy  and  kindness  to  the 
poor.  He  died  in  July,  1826. 


SMITH,  HENRY  BERNARD,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1848,  in  Marietta, 
Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the  Marietta 
college,  and  has  at 
tained  distinction  as 
one  of  the  foremost 
clergymen  in  the 
United  States.  For 
sixteen  years  he  was 
pastor  of  a  large 
church  in  Nashua,  N. 
H.,  and  since  1894 
has  filled  a  pastorate 

in  Troy'  N-  Y-  For 

eight  years  he  was 
chaplain  of  the  sec 
ond  regiment  na 
tional  guard  of  New  Hampshire;  and  is  a 
prominent  Mason. 

SMITH,  HENRY  BOYNTON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1815,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  eminence  as  a  theologian, 
and  professor  of  systematic  theology  in 
Union  seminary  of  New  York  city  in  1854- 
74.  He  was  the  author  of  Faith  and  Phil 
osophy;  Apologetics;  Chronological  His 
tory  of  the  Church  of  Christ;  Introduction 
to  Christian  Theology;  and  System  of 
Christian  Theology.  He  died  Feb.  7,  1876, 
in  New  York  city. 

SMITH,  HENRY  HOLLINGSWORTH, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1815, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  surgeon 
of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  Minor 
Surgery;  System  of  Operative  Surgery; 
Practice  of  Surgery;  and  Professional  Vis 
it  to  London  and  Paris.  He  died  April  11, 
1890,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SMITH,  HENRY  MAYBELL,  educator, 
clergyman,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1853,  in 
Athens,  Ga.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools  of  his  native  city, 
and  graduated  from  the  Atlanta  univer 
sity.  For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in 
educational  work;  is  an  eminent  cler 
gyman  of  the  baptist  church,  and  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  Crawford,  Ga. 

SMITH,  HERBERT  HUNTINGTON, 
scientist,  author,  was  born  in  1851  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  scientist  who  has  been 
engaged  upon  geological  surveys  in  Ohio, 
New  York  and  Brazil.  He  is  the  author 
of  Brazil,  the  Amazons  and  the  Coast. 

SMITH,  HEZEKIAH  BRADLEY,  in 
ventor,  congressman,  was  born  July  24, 
1816,  in  Bridgewater,  Vt.  He  learned  the 
trade  of  a  cabinet-maker,  and  became  an 
inventor  and  manufacturer  of  wood  ma 
chinery.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  Jersey  to  the  forty-sixth  con 
gress.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1887,  in  Smith- 
villo,  N.  J. 

SMITH,  HEZEKIAH  WRIGHT,  en 
graver,  was  born  in  1828  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland.  His  most  important  plates  are 
a  full-length  of  Daniel  Webster,  after 
Chester  Harding;  a  three-quarter  length 
Edward  Everett,  after  Moses  Wright;  and 
Washington. 

SMITH,  HIRAM  Y.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  March  22, 
1843,  in  Piqua,  Ohio.  He  was  district  at 
torney  of  the  fifth  judicial  district  of 
Iowa  from  1875  to  1879,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  from  Des  Moines  of  the  state  senate 
of  Iowa  from  1882  to  1884.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

SMITH,  HOKE,  journalist,  cabinet  of 
ficer,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1855,  in  Newton, 
N.  C.  In  1887  he  purchased  the  Atlanta 
Journal.  Much  of  the  credit  for  Cleve 
land's  victory  in  Georgia  in  1892  was  at 
tributed  to  the  Atlanta  Journal  and  the 
personal  efforts  of  its  proprietor,  and  in 
1893  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
interior  in  President  Cleveland's  cabinet. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


861 


SMITH,  HOMER  J.,  educator,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1846, 
in  Fayette  county,  Pa.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools,  and  graduated 
from  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of 
Pittsburg,  Pa.;  from  Mount  Union  col 
lege  of  Alliance,  Ohio;  from  the  Illinois 
Wesleyan  university  of  Bloomington,  and 
has  received  the  degrees  of  B.  A.,  M.  A., 
D  D  Ph.  D.  Since  1870  he  has  been  a 
clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church,  and  was  a  successful  educator,  and 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Ohio  Anti-Sa 
loon  league.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lecturers  on  scientific  and  general  topics, 
and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Zanesville, 
Ohio. 

SMITH  HORACE  WEMYSS,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1825,  in  Phila 
delphia  county,  Pa.  He  is  a  Philadelphia 
journalist  whose  principal  works  include: 
Nuts  for  Future  Historians  to  Crack; 
Yorktown  Orderly  Book;  and  Life  of 
Reverend  William  Smith. 

SMITH  HUBBARD  M.,  physician,  poet, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1820,  in  Winchester,  Ky. 
Since  1844  he  has  been  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  medicine, 
and  since  1849  in 
Vincennes,  Ind.,  with 
the  exception  of 
about  ten  years,  in 
which  he  was  en 
gaged  either  in  edit 
ing  and  publishing 
the  Vincennes  Ga 
zette  or  acting  as 
postmaster.  For 
twelve  years  he  was 
United  States  pen 
sion  surgeon;  was 
one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  West 
ern  Writers'  association  of  Indiana,  and 
is  a  member  of  several  medical  bodies. 
He  has  contributed  valuable  articles  to  the 
medical  press,  and  his  poems  have  been 
given  a  place  in  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works. 

SMITH,  ISAAC,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1736  in  Trenton,  N. 
J.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  Jersey  from  1795  to  1797,  and 
was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  treat 
with  the  Seneca  Indians.  He  was  a  judge 
of  the  superior  court  of  New  Jersey.  He 
died  Aug.  29,  1807,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

SMITH,  ISAAC,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  in  1813-15. 
SMITH,  ISRAEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  April  4,  1759,  in 
Suoeld,  Conn.  He  was  sent  to  the  Ver 
mont  state  legislature  from  Rutland,  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1791  to  1797,  and  again  in  1800.  He  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Vermont  in  1797.  He  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  during  the  years  1801 
and  1802,  and  from  1803  to  1807,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  governor  of  Vermont 
in  1807.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1810,  in  Rutland, 
Vt. 

SMITH,  JACKSON  L.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Callaway  county,  Mo.  In 
1877  he  was  elected  attorney-general;  was 
appointed  fish  commissioner  in  1885,  and 
again  in  1889.  In  1888  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Kansas  City  court  of  appeals, 
and  in  1892  was  re-elected  for  a  full  term. 
SMITH,  JAMES,  signer  of  the  declara 
tion  of  independence,  was  born  about  1720 
in  Ireland.  On  the  approach  of  war  he 
took  an  active  part  in  public  affairs; 
raised  a  company  and  commanded  it  in 
the  field;  was  made  a  colonel,  and  also 
took  an  active  part  in  raising  additional 
troops.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congre'ss  from  1776  to  1778;  was  a 


signer  of  the  declaration  of  independence, 
and  in  1780  entered  the  state  legislature. 
He  wrote  The  Constitutional  Power  of 
Great  Britain  over  the  Colonies  in  Amer 
ica,  which  materially  aided  the  cause  of 
the  patriots.  He  died  July  11,  1806,  in 
York,  Pa, 

SMITH,  JAMES,  pioneer,  author,  was 
born  in  1737  in  Franklin  county,  Pa.  He 
was  a  noted  Kentucky  pioneer,  and  the 
author  of  Shakerism  Developed;  Shaker- 
ism  Detected;  Remarkable  Adventures  in 
the  Life  of  Colonel  James  Smith;  and 
Mode  and  Manner  of  Indian  War.  He 
died  in  1812  in  Washington  county,  Ky. 
SMITH,  JAMES,  manufacturer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  June  12,  1851,  in 
Newark,  N.  J.  He  was  nominated  for 
mayor  of  his  native  city  but  declined, 
and  has  been  tendered  nearly  every  office 
in  the  gift  of  his  party  in  the  state,  but 
has  always  refused  office.  He  is  a  manu 
facturer  of  patent  and  enameled  leather  in 
Newark,  and  conducts  the  largest  business 
of  the  kind  in  the  country.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a  demo 
crat,  and  took  his  seat  in  1893. 

SMITH,  JAMES  JACKSON  MANNING, 
soldier,  architect,  builder,  poet,  was  born 
Nov.  4,  1839,  in  Oxford,  Ga.  During  the 
war  he  served  with  distinction  in  the 
confederate  service.  For  many  years  he 
has  resided  in  Burnet,  Texas,  engaged  as 
an  architect  and  builder.  He  has  contrib 
uted  both  prose  and  verse  to  the  periodi 
cal  press,  and  takes  a  prominent  part  in 
public  affairs. 

SMITH,  JAMES  M.  W.,  journalist,  was 
born  in  1855,  in  Celina,  Tenn.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education,  and  attended 
Mt.  Vale  academy.  He  is  the  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Spy  of  Tompkinsville,  Ky.; 
has  been  city  marshal,  and  filled  various 
other  public  positions  of  trust. 

SMITH,  JAMES  MILTON,  soldier,  law 
yer,  governor,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1823,  in 
Twiggs  county,  Ga.  He  entered  the  con 
federate  army  in  1861  as  major  in  the 
thirteenth  Georgia  regiment,  became 
colonel  in  1862,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
confederate  congress  from  that  year  un 
til  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  He  served 
in  the  legislature  in  1871-72;  was  speaker, 
and  in  1872  was  chosen  governor  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  which  office  he  held  by  re-elec 
tion  till  1874. 

SMITH,  JAMES  S.,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Orange  county,  N.  C.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1817  to  1821;  and 
served  in  the  legislature  of  North  Carolina 
in  1821. 

SMITH,  JAMES  THOMAS,  soldier, 
journalist,  was  born  May  4,  1847,  in  Ire 
land.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
preparatory  schools  of  Connecticut.  Dur 
ing  1861-65  he  was  a  lieutenant  in 
the  union  forces,  and  up  to  1870 
served  in  the  regular  army.  He  has  been 
city  clerk  and  city  auditor  of  Denver, 
Col.,  and  since  1876  has  been  secretary 
and  director  of  the  state  school  of  mines. 
He  has  also  been  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Rocky  Mountain  News  since  1878. 
SMITH,  JAMES  TINKER,  poet,  was 
born  in  1816,  in  St.  Mary's  Parish,  La. 
He  translated  into  English  the  Medita 
tions  of  Lamartine;  and  also  published  a 
volume  of  poems.  He  died  Aug.  10,  1854, 
in  Franklin,  La. 

SMITH,  JAMES  WHEATON,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  26,  1823,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  In  1853  he  became  pas 
tor  of  the  Spruce  street  baptist  church  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  he  continued  in 
this  relation  until  1870.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  Life  of  John  P.  Croser. 


SMITH,  JAMES  YOUNGS,  manufactu 
rer,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1809,  in 
Groton,  Conn.  In  1838  he  was  a  cotton 
manufacturer  in  Willimantic,  Conn.,  and 
at  Woonsocket,  R.  I.  He  was  afterward 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  Rhode 
Island  for  several  years.  He  was  mayor 
of  Providence  in  1855  and  1857;  and  was 
governor  of  the  state  from  1863  to  1865. 
He  died  March  26,  1876,  in  Providence, 
R.  I. 

SMITH,  JANE  LUELLA  DOWD,  edu 
cator,  author,  poet,  was  born  June  6, 
1847  in  Sheffield,  Mass.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  she  gradu 
ated  from  the  West- 
field  Normal  school. 
After  teaching  school 
for  a  year,  she  en 
tered  the  Ladies' 
seminary  of  North 
Granville,  New  York, 
where  she  graduated 
valedictorian  of  the 
class  in  1868.  She  at 
tained  success  in  ed 
ucational  work;  was 
principal  of  the 
South  Hampton  High  school,  Sheffield 
High  school,  Stamford  High  school,  and 
the  South  Egremont  academy.  In  1875 
she  was  married  to  Dr.  Henry  H.  Smith 
of  Hudson,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of 
three  volumes  of  verse,  entitled  Wayside 
Leaves;  Wind  Flowers;  and  Flowers  from 
Foreign  Fields. 

SMITH,  MRS.  JEANIE  OLIVER,  poet, 
was  born  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  writer 
of  Johnstown,  N.  Y.,  and  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  Day  Lilies. 

SMITH,  JEDEDIAH  K.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1770.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1807  to  1809,  and 
from  1822  to  1825.  He  held  the  office  of 
judge  and  chief  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  for  Hillsborough  county 
from  1810  to  1814,  and  was  also  a  state 
councilor.  He  died  in  1828. 

SMITH,  JEREMIAH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1759,  in 
Peterborough,  N.  H.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Hampshire  in 
1791,  and  continued  there  till  1797,  being 
one  of  the  last  survivors  of  the  distin 
guished  men  who  participated  with  Wash 
ington  in  the  administration  of  the  gov 
ernment.  He  was  chosen  governor  of  New 
Hampshire  in  1809;  served  as  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1809,  and  was  for  several 
years  chief  justice  of  the  superior  court 
of  the  state.  He  died  Sept.  21,  1842,  in 
Dover,  N.  H. 

SMITH,  JEROME  VAN  CROWNIN- 
SHIELD,  physician,  author,  was  born 
July  20,  1800,  in  Conway,  N.  H.  He  was 
a  physician  of  Boston,  where  he  was 
mayor  in  1854,  and  subsequently  of  New 
York  city.  He  was  the  author  of  Class 
Book  of  Anatomy;  Life  of  Andrew  Jack 
son;  Natural  History  of  the  Fishes  of 
Massachusetts;  Pilgrimage  to  Palestine; 
Turkey  and  the  Turks;  and  The  Ways  of 
Women.  He  died  Aug.  21,  1879,  in  New 
York  city. 

SMITH,  JESSE  C.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  was  born  July  18,  1808, 
in  Butternuts,  N.  Y.  He  was  surrogate 
of  Kings  county  in  1850-55,  and  state  sen 
ator  in  1862.  At  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war  he  was  instrumental  in  the  reorgan 
ization  of  the  national  guard,  and  in 
forming  the  one  hundred  and  thirty-ninth 
regiment  of  New  York  volunteers.  He 
commanded  the  eleventh  brigade  of  the 
national  guard  at  the  battle  of  Gettys 
burg.  After  the  war  he  practiced  law  in 
Brooklyn. 


862 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SMITH,  JOB  LEWIS,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  15,  1827,  in  Spafford,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  physician  of  New  York  city  who 
has  written  a  Treatise  on  Diseases  of 
Children. 

SMITH,  JOHN,  one  of  the  founders  of 
Virginia,  was  born  in  1579  in  England. 
He  was  a  celebrated  sea  captain  and  ad 
venturer  who  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
Virginia,  and  of  the  company  which  set 
tled  at  Jamestown  in  1607.  He  was  a 
forcible,  vigorous  writer,  much  given  to 
magnifying  his  own  exploits,  and  not  al 
ways  to  be  trusted  in  the  absence  of  other 
testimony.  He  was  the  author  of  A  True 
Relation  of  Virginia;  The  Generall  His- 
torie  of  Virginia,  which  is  partly  original 
and  partly  compiled;  A  Map  of  Virginia, 
with  a  Description  of  the  Country;  A 
Description  of  New  England;  An  Acci 
dence,  or  Pathway  to  Experience;  A  Sea 
Grammar;  and  The  True  Travels  of  Cap 
tain  John  Smith.  He  died  in  1631. 

SMITH,  JOHN,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1735  in  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1803  to  1808,  when  he  resigned. 
He  was  a  warm  personal  friend  of  Aaron 
Burr,  and  though  for  a  time  suspected, 
was  in  reality  innocent  of  treasonable  de 
signs.  He  died  June  10,  1816,  in  Hamilton 
county,  Ohio. 

SMITH,  JOHN,  congressman,  United 
States  "senator,  was  born  Feb.  12.  1752, 
near  Brookhaven,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  general 
of  militia  in  New  York.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature  from  1784  to 
1799;  and  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
which  adopted  the  constitution.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1799  to  1804.  From  1804  to  1813  he 
was  a  senator  in  congress,  and  in  the  lat 
ter  year  was  appointed  United  States  mar 
shal  for  New  York. 

SMITH,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  21,  1752,  in  Newbury,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  minister  and  ed 
ucator  and  professor  of  languages  at 
Dartmouth  college  and  college  pastor  in 
1778-1809,  as  well  as  librarian  of  the  col 
lege  for  some  thirty  years.  He  was  the 
author  of  Hebrew,  Greek  and  Latin  Gram 
mars,  as  well  as  some  minor  publications. 
He  died  April  30,  1809,  in  Hanover,  N.  H. 

SMITH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1789,  In 
Barre,  Mass.  He  moved  in  early  life  to  St. 
Albans,  Vt. ;  represented  St.  Albans  in 
the  legislature  for  nine  successive  years, 
and  was  elected  state's  attorney  of  Frank 
lin  county  in  1826,  and  served  six  years. 
In  1831-33  he  was  speaker  in  the  general 
assembly.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Vermont  from  1839  to 
1841.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1858,  in  St.  Al 
bans,  Vt. 

SMITH,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1801  to  1815. 

SMITH,  JOHN  A.,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  23, 
1814,  in  Hillsborough,  Ohio.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1841 
and  1842,  and  was  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention  of  1851.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-first  and  forty-second  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

SMITH,  JOHN  AMBLER,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  23, 
1847,  near  Dlnwiddie  Court  House.  Va. 
In  1868  he  was  appointed  commissioner  in 
chancery  of  the  courts  of  Richmond;  was 
state  attorney  of  Charles  City  and  New 
Kent  counties  for  one  year,  and  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1869.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Virginia 
to  the  forty-third  congress. 


SMITH,  JOHN  AUGUSTINE,  physician, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  in 
1782,  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  physician  of 
New  York  city,  previously  president  of 
William  and  M'ary  college  in  1814-26.  He 
was  the  author  of  Mutations  of  the  Earth; 
Moral  and  Physical  Science;  and  Func 
tions  of  the  Nervous  System.  •  He  died 
Feb.  9,  1865,  in  New  York  city. 

SMITH,  JOHN  B.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Louisiana  from  1853  to  1855. 

SMITH,  JOHN  BEYES,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  June  7,  1815,  in  Sullivan 
county,  N.  Y.  In  1886  he  was  elected  pres 
ident  of  the  Erie  and  Wyoming  Valley 
railroad,  which  position  he  still  holds. 

SMITH,  JOHN  BLAIR,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  June  12,  1756,  in 
Pequea,  Pa.  He  was  called  to  the  Third 
Presbyterian  church  of  Philadelphia  in 
1791,  and  thence  to  the  presidency  of 
Union  college  upon  its  foundation  in  1795, 
but  in  1799  returned  to  his  former  charge 
in  Philadelphia.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1799, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SMITH,  JOHN  BUTLER,  manufacturer, 
governor,  was  born  April  12,  1838,  at  Sax- 
ton's  River,  Vt.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education,  and  attended  the  Fran- 
cistown  academy,  New  Hampshire.  He  is 
a  successful  woolen  manufacturer  of  Hills- 
boro,  N.  H. ;  was  presidential  elector  in 
1884;  councillor  of  the  state  in  1887-89; 
and  during  1893-95  served  with  distinction 
as  governor  of  the  state  of  New  Hamp 
shire. 

SMITH,  JOHN  CORSON,  soldier,  public 
official,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1832,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  served  with  distinction 
during  the  civil  war  from  private  soldier 
to  brigadier-general.  He  was  United 
States  assessor  at  Galena,  111.;  has  been 
chief  grain  inspector  of  Chicago;  state 
treasurer  of  Illinois,  and  filled  with  dis 
tinction  the  high  office  of  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  the  state  of  Illinois.  He 
is  prominent  in  fraternal  orders.  He 
left  Chicago  Nov.  26,  1894,  and 
sailed  from  San  Francisco  to  Hon 
olulu.  He  has  made  three  trips  around 
the  world;  and  the  last  and  most 
memorable  one  was  in  1894-95;  and  at 
every  point  in  the  world  he  touched  he 
met  brothers  of  the  Masonic  order.  He  is 
the  past  grand  master  and  past  grand 
commander,  Illinois,  and  honorary  grand 
master  of  Egypt. 

SMITH,  JOHN  COTTON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born  Feb. 
12,  1765,  in  Sharon,  Conn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate  in  1793,  and 
from  1796  to  1800  he  was  a  member  of 
the  lower  house.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Connecticut  from 
1800  to  1806.  He  was  a  presidential  elect 
or  in  1809;  was  again  a  member  of  the 
legislature  until  1809;  and  was  governor 
of  Connecticut  from  1812  to  1817.  He 
was  also  lieutenant-governor,  and  judge 
of  the  superior  court.  He  died  Nov.  7, 
1845,  in  Sharon,  Conn. 

SMITH,  JOHN  COTTON,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1826,  in  Andover, 
Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
New  York  city;  and  rector  of  the  Church 
of  the  Ascension  in  1860-82.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Church's  Law  of  Develop 
ment;  Certain  Aspects  of  the  Church; 
Miscellanies;  Old  and  New;  and  The  Lit 
urgy  as  a  Basis  of  Union.  He  died  in 

ISX2. 

SMITH,  JOHN  E.,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
was  born  Aug.  4,  1843,  in  Nelson,  N.  Y. 
He  has  been  district  attorney  and  assist 
ant  United  States  attorney  of  northern 
district  of  New  York;  and  for  two  terms 


was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  the 
New  York  legislature. 

SMITH,  JOHN  EUGENE,  soldier,  was 
born  Aug.  3,  1816,  in  Switzerland.  In  1862 
he  became  a  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers;  subsequently  served  in  the  United 
States  army  as  major-general;  and  in  1881 
was  retired. 

SMITH,  JOHN  GREGORY,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  July  22,  1818, 
in  St.  Albans,  Vt.  In  1838  he  graduated 
from  the  university 
of  Vermont;  and 
subsequently  from 
the  New  Haven  Law 
school.  He  succeed 
ed  his  brother  as 
chancellor  in  1858; 
was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  in  1858- 
59;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1860- 
62.  He  was  govern 
or  of  Vermont  dur 
ing  1863-65;  and  was  an  active  supporter 
of  the  union  cause  during  the  civil  war. 
In  1866  he  was  made  president  of  the 
North  Pacific  railroad. 

SMITH,  JOHN  HENRY,  state  legislator, 
was  born  Sept.  18,  1848,  in  Corbunca, 
Iowa;  and  is  the  son  of  Apostle  George 
A.  Smith,  who  was 
the  first  councillor  to 
Brigham  Young.  In 
1882  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature, 
and  in  1895  was 
elected  a  member  of 
the  constitutional 
convention,  of  which 
body  he  was  unani 
mously  elected  presi 
dent.  He  has  con 
tributed  a  number  of 
valuable  economic 
articles  to  the  periodical  press. 

SMITH,  JOHN  HYATT,  clergyman,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  April  10, 
1824,  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  prom 
inent  baptist  clergyman  of  Brooklyn,  and 
a  member  of  the  forty-second  congress 
in  1880-82.  He  was  the  author  of  Gilead; 
and  The  Open  Door.  He  died  Dec.  7, 
1886,. in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

SMITH,  JOHN  JAY,  librarian,  author, 
was  born  June  16,  1798,  in  Burlington 
county,  N.  J.  He  was  a  librarian  of  Phil 
adelphia  who  edited  many  works,  and 
was  author  of  Notes  for  a  History  of  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia;  A  Sum 
mer's  Jaunt  Across  the  Water;  and  His 
torical  and  Literary  Curiosities.  He  died 
Sept.  23,  1881,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SMITH,  JOHN  LAWRENCE,  chemist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1818,  near 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  chemist  of 
note  who  was  professor  of  chemistry  in 
the  university  of  Louisville.  He  was  the 
author  of  Mineralogy  and  Chemistry, 
original  researches.  He  died  Oct.  12, 
1883,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

SMITH,  JOHN  LYMAN.  farmer,  cler 
gyman,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1855, 
in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  He  was  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  southern  Idaho,  and 
served  an  honorable  term  in  the  third  ses 
sion  of  the  Idaho  legislature  during  1894- 
95.  He  was  successful  in  carrying 
through  a  bill  providing  an  appropriation 
for  an  eastern  portion  of  the  State  Nor 
mal,  which  is  now  one  of  the  finest 
buildings  in  eastern  Idaho.  He  was  the 
means  of  having  an  academy  in  Oakley; 
is  now  superintending  the  building  of  a 
tabernacle;  and  is  an  acting  bishop  in  the 
mormon  church. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


863 


SMITH,  JOHN  MONTGOMERY,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb. 
26,  1834,  in  Bedford  Springs,  Pa.  In  1838 
he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Wisconsin, 
settling  in  Mineral  Point.  He  there  re 
ceived  his  education,  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1862.  In  1864  he 
was  superintendent  of  schools,  district  at 
torney  of  Iowa  county  in  1868-70;  mayor 
of  Mineral  Point  in  1879,  1880  and  1885. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic  na 
tional  conventions  of  1880  and  1888;  was 
city  attorney  in  1891-92;  a  member  of  the 
county  board  in  1892;  presidential  elector 
in  the  same  year,  and  was  also  elected  a 
member  of  the  assembly  of  the  Wisconsin 
state  legislature  in  1892. 

SMITH,  JOHN  Cj.,  farmer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1824, 
in  Warren  county,  Ohio.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Ohio  state  senate  in  1860  and 
1872;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  house 
of  representatives  in  1862  and  1863.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  forty-third  congress  as  a  republican; 
in  1875  was  appointed  commissioner  of 
Indian  affairs. 

•SMITH,  JOHN  SPEED,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  July  31, 
1792,  in  Jessamine  county,  Ky.  He  served 
as  a  soldier  under  General  Harrison;  was 
at  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe;  and  was  aide- 
de-camp  to  the  same  general  at  the  bat 
tle  of  the  Thames  in  1813.  In  1819  he-was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  Kentucky.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1821  to  1823;  and  in  1827 
was  again  elected  to  the  state  legislature, 
and  was  made  speaker  of  the  house.  He 
subsequently  served  several  terms  both  in 
the  house  and  senate,  and  was  appointed 
United  States  attorney  for  the  district  of 
Kentucky.  He  was  superintendent  of  pub 
lic  works  in  Kentucky  for  several  years. 
He  died  June  6,  1854,  in  Madison  county, 
Ky. 

SMITH.  JOHN  STILMAN,  clergyman, 
was  born  Feb.  9,  1832,  in  Charlotte, 
Maine.  He  is  a  successful  clergyman  of 
the  Christian  church,  and  in  1881  became 
assistant  to  the  Rev.  Edward  Everett  Hale 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  one  of  the  in- 
corporators  of  the  Society  of  Ten  Times 
One,  and  was  made  its  treasurer. 

SMITH.  JOHN  T.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1843  to  1845. 

SMITH,  JOHN  TALBOT,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1855,  in  Sara 
toga,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  Roman  catholic  cler 
gyman  in  the  diocese  of  Ogdensburg,  and 
the  author  of  History  of  Ogdensburg  Dio 
cese;  A  Woman  of  Culture,  a  novel;  Soli 
tary  Island,  a  novel;  Prairie  Boy,  a  juve 
nile  tale;  and  Our  Seminaries,  an  essay  on 
Clerical  Training. 

SMITH,  JONATHAN  BAYARD,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1742,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  continental  congress 
from  1777  to  1778;  and  was  a  signer  of 
the  articles  of  confederation.  He  died 
June  16,  1812,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SMITH,  JOSEPH,  naval  officer,  was 
born  March  30,  1790,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war;  and  in  1862  at 
tained  the  rank  of  rear-admiral.  He  died 
Jan.  17,  1877,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SMITH,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  15,  1796,  in  Westmoreland 
county,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman,  once  prominent  in  western  Penn 
sylvania;  and  the  author  of  History  of 
Jefferson  College;  and  Old  Redstone,  or 
Historical  Sketches  of  Western  Presby- 
terianism.  He  died  Dec.  4,  1868,  in 
Greensburg,  Pa. 


SMITH,  JOSEPH,  founder  of  the  mor 
mon  sect,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1805,  in  Sna- 
ron,  Vt.  After  failing  to  start  a  colony 
of  his  sect  in  Ohio  and  Missouri,  he  at 
last  settled  in  Nauvoo,  111.  But  this  failed 
as  all  others  had,  on  account  of  the  op 
position  of  the  people  to  the  peculiar  doc 
trines  of  the  mormons.  Joseph  and  his 
brother  being  confined  in  jail,  were  sur 
rounded  by  a  mob  and  both  killed  June 
27,  1844,  in  Carthage,  111. 

SMITH,  JOSEPH,  founder  of  a  religious 
sect,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1832,  in  Kirkland, 
Ohio.  After  the  death  of  his  father  in 
1844  he  remained  in  Nauvoo  with  his 
mother,  who  would  not  acknowledge  the 
authority  of  Brigham  Young.  He  went 
abroad  and  preached  frequently  for  about 
fifteen  years,  and  then  removed  to  Da- 
morii,  Iowa,  the  acknowledged  head  of  the 
reorganized  church  of  Jesus  Christ  of 
Latter-Day  Saints,  a  strong  opponent  to 
the  doctrine  and  practices  of  the  polyga- 
mists  of  Utah. 

SMITH,  JOSEPH  EDWARD  ADAMS, 
— Godfrey  Greylock — author,  was  born  in 
1822.  He  was  a  writer  of  Pittsfield, 
Mass.,  and  the  author  of  Taghconic, 
the  Romance  and  Beauty  of  the  Hills;  and 
A  History  of  Paper. 

SMITH,  JOSEPH  FIELDING,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1838,  in  Far 
West,  Mo.  In  1882  he  was  a  member  and 
president  of  the  council  of  the  Utah 
legislature,  and  the  same  year  was  elected 
president  of  the  Utah  constitutional  con 
vention.  In  1889  he  was  elected  second 
counselor  in  the  presidency  of  the  mor 
mon  church  of  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

SMITH,  JOSEPH  LEE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  May  28,  1776,  in  New  Britain, 
Conn.  Having  become  a  resident  of 
Florida,  he  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  that  territory,  serving  as  such 
until  1832.  He  died  May  27,  1846,  in  St. 
Augustine,  Fla. 

SMITH,  JOSEPH  MATHER,  physician, 
author,  was  born  March  14,  1789,  in  New 
Rochelle,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  physician  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Ele 
ments  of  the  Etiology  and  Philosophy  of 
Epidemics;  and  Illustrations  of  Medical 
Phenomena  in  Public  Life.  He  died  April 
22,  1866,  in  New  York  city. 

SMITH,  JOSEPH  ROWE,  soldier,  was 
born  Sept.  8,  1802,  in  Stillwater,  N.  Y. 
During  the  Mexican  war  he  was  brevetted 
major  and  lieutenant-colonel.  He  became 
chief  mustering  officer  of  Michigan  in 

1862,  military  commissary  of  musters  in 

1863,  and  in  1865  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general,  United  States  army,  for  long  and 
honorable  service.     He  died  Sept.  3,  1868, 
in  Monroe,  Mich. 

SMITH,  JOSEPH  S.,  lawyer,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  June  20, 
1824,  in  Fayette  county,  Pa.  He  moved 
to  Oregon,  and  then  to  Washington  ter 
ritory;  was  made  prosecuting  attorney; 
and  was  elected  to  the  territorial  legisla 
ture,  and  made  speaker  in  1857.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Oregon  to 
the  forty-first  congress. 

SMITH,  JOSIAH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1745  in  Pembroke,  Mass.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1801  to  1803.  He  died  in 
March,  1803,  of  smallpox. 

SMITH,  JUDSON,  clergyman,  educator, 
author,  was  born  June  28,  1837,  in  Middle- 
field,  Mass.  He  is  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  and  educator;  secretary  of  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions  from  1884;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Lectures  in  Church  History;  and 
Lectures  on  Modern  History. 


SMITH,  JUSTIN  ALMERIN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1819,  in 
Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  baptist 
clergyman  o€  Chicago,  editor  of  The 
Standard  from  1853;  and  the  author  of  The 
Martyr  of  Vilvorde;  Sinclair  Thompson, 
the  Shetland  Apostle;  The  Spirit  in  the 
Word;  Modern  Church  History;  and 
Patmos.  He  died  in  1896. 

SMITH,  LEWIS  W.,  educator,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  22,  1866,  in  Malta,  111.  After 
spending  a  term  in  Beloit  college,  he  later 
attended  the  college  of  Fairfield,  Neb., 
from  which  institution  he  graduated  in 
1889.  He  has  attained  success  as  an  edu 
cator  in  Nebraska;  and  his  poems  have 
appeared  in  current  literature. 

SMITH,  LLOYD  PEARSALL,  librarian, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1822,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  became  hereditary  as 
sistant  and  treasurer  in  the  Philadelphia 
and  Loganian  library,  and  in  1851  suc 
ceeded  his  father  as  librarian.  He  edited 
Lippincott's  Magazine  in  1868-70;  and 
was  the  author  of  Report  to  the  Contrib 
utors  of  the  Pennsylvania  Relief  Associa 
tion  for  East  Tennessee  of  a  Commission 
of  the  Executive  Committee  Sent  to  Ex 
amine  that  Region;  Remarks  on  the  Ex 
isting  Materials  for  Forming  a  Just  Es 
timate  of  Napoleon  I;  Remarks  on  the 
Apology  for  Imperial  Usurpation  Con 
tained  in  Napoleon's  Life  of  Caesar;  Ad 
dress  Delivered  at  Haverford  College 
Before  the  Alumni;  and  Symbolism  and 
Science.  He  died  July  2,  1886,  in  Ger- 
mantown,  Pa. 

SMITH,  LUCAS  F.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1844,  in  Wells  coun 
ty,  Ind.  He  graduated  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Michigan,  and  soon  attained  suc 
cess  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of 
the  west.  During  the  civil  war  he  served 
as  a  private  in  the  union  army;  and  was 
captain  of  a  company  of  rangers  in  the 
Indian  war  of  1875.  He  has  served  as 
county  attorney  of  Fannin  county,  Texas; 
was  district  attorney  of  the  eleventh  ju 
dicial  district  of  Texas,  and  served  with 
distinction  as  United  States  district  at 
torney  of  New  Mexico.  He  is  now  su 
perior  judge  of  Santa  Cruz  county,  Cal. 

SMITH,  LUCIUS  EDWIN,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1822,  in  Williams- 
town,  Mass.  From  1868  till  1875  he  was 
literary  editor  of  the  New  York  Examin 
er.  In  1877  he  became  editor  of  the 
Watchman,  Bosion,  of  which  journal  since 
1881  he  has  remained  associate  editor. 
Besides  contributing  numerous  articles 
to  periodicals  he  has  edited  Heroes  and 
Martyrs  of  the  Modern  Missionary  En 
terprise. 

SMITH,  MRS.  LURA  EUGENIE,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1864  in  New 
York.  She  is  a  journalist  of  Little  Rock; 
and  the  author  of  On  the  Track  and  Off 
the  Train. 

SMITH,  LYMAN  CORNELIUS,  manu 
facturer,  inventor,  was  born  March  31, 
1850,  in  Torrington,  Conn.  He  developed 
a  new  typewriter,  to 
which  he  gave  the 
now  w  e  1 1-k  n  o  w  n 
name  of  The  Smith 
Premier.  In  1893  his 
business  was  incor 
porated  under  the 
name  of  The  Smith 
Premier  Typewriter 
Co.,  Mr.  Smith  being 
the  president;  and 
this  industry  now 
gives  employment  to 
five  hundred  skilled 
mechanics  in  the  factory  and  to  two  hun 
dred  people  in  connection  with  the  sales 
department  in  the  various  branch  offices 
in  this  country  and  in  Europe. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SMITH,  MARCUS  A.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1852,  near  Cynthi- 
ana,  Ky.  He  moved  to  Arizona  in  1881, 
and  the  following  year  was  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  his  district.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-sec 
ond,  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat;  refused  to  run  for  the  fifty-fourth 
congress;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

SMITH,  MRS.  MARGARET  BAYARD, 
author,  was  born  in  1778  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  She  was  a  social  leader  in  Washing 
ton;  and  the  author  of  A  Winter  in 
Washington,  in  two  volumes;  and  What 
Is  Gentility?  She  died  in  1844  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

SMITH,  MARTIN  LUTHER,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1819  in  New  York  city.  He 
entered  the  confederate  service,  became  a 
brigadier-general,  commanded  a  brigade 
in  defence  of  New  Orleans,  was  at  the 
head  of  the  engineer  corps  of  the  army, 
and  planned  and  constructed  the  defences 
of  Vicksburg,  where  he  wag  taken  pris 
oner.  He  subsequently  attained  the  rank 
of  major-general.  After  the  war  he  be 
came  chief  engineer  of  the  Selma,  Rome 
and  Dayton  railroad.  He  died  July  29, 
1866,  in  Rome,  Ga. 

SMITH,  MARTIN  SNYDER,  public  of 
ficial,  railroad  president,  was  born  Nov. 
12,  1834,  in  Lima,  N.  \.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  schools 
of  Pontiac,  Mich.  He  has  been  vice-presi 
dent  and  treasurer  of  the  Alger-Smith 
company  and  the  Manistique  Lumbering 
company;  president  of  the  Manistique 
Railway  company;  president  of  the  Amer 
ican  Exchange  National  bank;  president 
of  the  Michigan  Condensed  Milk  com 
pany;  and  in  1872-88  was  police  commis 
sioner. 

SMITH,  MARY,  artist,  was  born  in  1842 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  became  remark 
able  for  her  paintings  of  little  chickens 
and  small  animals  of  the  woods.  She  left 
a  volume  of  one  hundred  finely  drawn 
and  colored  insects  of  eastern  Pennsyl 
vania.  She  also  gave  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts  a  perpetual  gift 
for  an  animal  prize  to  ladies  for  the  best 
painting,  which  has  done  much  good  dur 
ing  the  past  twenty  years.  She  died  in 
1878. 

SMITH,  MRS.  MARY  LOUISE  RILEY. 
author,  poet,  was  born  May  27,  1842,  in 
Brighton,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  popular  poet 
of  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of 
Sometime,  and  Other  Poems;  The  Inn  of 
Rest;  A  Gift  of  Gentians,  and  Other 
Verses;  and  Cradle  and  Armchair. 

SMITH,  MRS.  MARY  PRUDENCE,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  30,  1840,  in  Attica, 
N.  Y.  She  is  a  Cincinnati  writer  for 
young  people;  and  the  author  of  The 
Browns;  Child  Life  on  a  Farm;  Jolly 
Good  Times  at  School;  Jolly  Good  Times 
at  Hackmatack;  More  Good  Times  at 
Hackmatack;  and  Miss  Ellis's  Mission. 

SMITH,  MRS.  MARY  Si  UART,  author, 
was  born  in  1834  in  Pennsylvania.  She 
has  made  many  translations  from  the 
German  and  French,  and  has  also  pub 
lished  Heirs  of  the  Kingdom;  and  Vir 
ginia  Cookery  Book. 

SMITH,  MATTHEW  HALE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1816  in  Portland, 
Maine.  He  was  a  clergyman  of  the  univer- 
salist  and  subsequently  of  the  presbyterian 
and  other  faiths,  and  was  also  a  lawyer 
and  brilliant  journalist,  known  as  Bur- 
leigh.  He  was  the  author  of  Universalism 
Examined,  Renounced,  and  Exposed;  Uni 
versalism  Not  of  God;  Sabbath  Evenings; 
Mount  Calvary;  Sunshine  and  Shadow  in 
New  York;  Bulls  and  Bears  of  Wall 
Street,  which  include  his  chief  works. 
He  died  Nov.  7,  1879,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


SMITH,  MELANCTHON,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1724  in  Jamaica,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  New  York  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1785  to  1788.  He 
died  July  29,  1798,  in  New  York  city. 

SMITH,  MELANCTHON,  naval  officer, 
was  born  May  24,  1810,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1826  he  entered  the  navy  as  a  mid 
shipman,  passed  through  all  the  grades; 
and  was  commissioned  rear-admiral  in 
1870.  He  was  subsequently  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  the  naval  asylum  at  Philadelphia. 

SMITH,  MERIWETHER,  state  legislat 
or,  congressman,  was  born  in  1730  in 
Essex  county,  Va.  He  was  long  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of  burgesses;  was  a 
member  of  all  the  Virginia  conventions 
in  1775  and  1776;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  federal  convention  of  Virginia.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1778  to  1782.  He  died  Jan.  25, 
1790,  in  Virginia. 

SMITH,  MILO  ROBERTS,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  July  1,  1830,  in  Logans- 
port,  Ind.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Rochester,  Ind.;  was  county  recorder  for 
two  terms  of  Fulton  county;  and  served 
with  distinction  as  a  state  senator  in  the 
Indiana  legislature. 

SMITH,  MINNA  CAROLINE,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1860  in  California. 
She  is  a  journalist  of  Boston;  and  the 
author  of  The  Boys  of  Gary  Farm,  a 
juvenile  tale;  and  Trilby,  the  Fairy  of 
Argyle,  from  the  French  of  Nodier. 

SMITH,  MILTON  H.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  in  Chautauqua  county,  N.  Y. 
Since  1891  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Louisville  and  Nashville  railroad. 

SMITH,  MOSES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  16,  1830,  in  Hebron,  Conn. 
He  first  engaged  in  educational  work  as 
instructor  in  the 
Westneld  academy; 
and  in  1855  entered 
Andover  Theological 
seminary,  from 
which  institution  he 
graduated  in  1859. 
He  was  ordained  the 
same  year  and  be- 
came  pastor  of 
the  congregational 
church  of  Plainville, 
Conn.  During  the 
war  he  served  in 
company  A,  eighth  regiment  Connecti 
cut  volunteer  infantry,  and  was  unani 
mously  elected  chaplain  of  the  regiment. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  Chicago,  Jack 
son  and  Detroit,  Mich.;  and  since  1888 
has  been  pastor  of  the  congregational 
church  at  Glencoe,  111.  He  is  the  author 
of  Questions  of  the  Ages,  which  discusses 
certain  of  the  deep  things  of  the  gospel. 

SMITH,  NATHAN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  13,  1762,  in  Rehoboth, 
Mass.  He  was  a  physician  who  was  a 
medical  professor  in  Dartmouth  college 
in  1798-1813.  He  was  the  author  of  Prac 
tical  Essays  on  Typhus  Fever;  and  Medi 
cal  and  Surgical  Memoirs.  He  died  July 
26,  1828,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

SMITH,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1769,  in 
Woodbury,  Conn.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  that  framed  the  state  con 
stitution;  and  was  for  many  years  state's 
attorney  for  the  county  of  New  HaVen. 
He  frequently  served  in  the  state  legis 
lature ;  and  was  for  several  years  United 
States  attorney  for  the  district  of  Con 
necticut.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Hart 
ford  convention  in  1814;  and  represented 
his  native  state  in  the  senate  of  the 
United  States  from  1833  to  1835.  He  died 
Dec.  6,  1835,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


SMITH,  NATHAN  RYNO,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  21,  1797,  in  Concord, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  professor  of  surgery  in 
the  university  of  Maryland  in  1840-70; 
and  the  author  of  Surgical  Anatomy  of 
the  Arteries;  and  Legends  of  the  South. 
He  died  July  3,  1877,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

SMITH,  NATHANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1762,  in 
Woodbury,  Conn.  He  was  for  many  years 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature,  serv 
ing  in  both  houses.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Connecticut  from 
17b5  to  1799;  and  in  1806  was  elected 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state, 
and  held  the  office  until  1819.  He  died 
March  9,  1822,  in  Woodbury,  Conn. 

SMITH,  OLIVER,  philanthropist,  was 
born  in  January,  1766,  in  Hatfield,.  Mass. 
He  was  a  magistrate  for  forty  years;  twice 
a  representative  to  the  state  legislature; 
and  in  1820  was  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention.  He  acquired 
large  wealth  by  stock-raising;  which  he 
bequeathed  to  establish  the  Smith  chari 
ties,  a  unique  system  of  benevolence,  now 
holding  one  million  dollars,  the  interest 
of  which  is  extended  in  marriage  portions 
to  poor  and  worthy  young  couples.  He 
died  Lee.  22,  1845,  in  Hatfield,  Mass. 

SMITH,  OLIVER  HAMPTON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1794,  near  Trenton, 
N.  J.  In  1824  he  was  prosecuting  attor 
ney  for  the  third  district  of  Indiana;  and 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  in 
1822.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Indiana  from  1827  to  1829; 
and  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  1837 
to  1848.  He  was  the  author  of  a  work 
giving  his  Recollections  of  Congressional 
Life;  and  Early  Indian  Trials.  He  died 
March  19,  1859,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

SMITH,  ORLAND,  railroad  president, 
was  born  May  2,  1825,  in  Lewiston,  Maine. 
Since  1884  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Columbus  and  Midland  railroad  at  Balti 
more,  Md. 

SMITH,  OTIS  DAVID,  educator,  lec 
turer,  was  born  June  27,  1831,  in  New 
Haven,  Vt.  For  fifty  years  he  has  beeft 
identified  with  the  educational  interests 
of  Alabama  and  the  south;  and  has  lec 
tured  before  schools,  colleges,  and  liter 
ary  institutions. 

SMITH,  PERRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  May  12,  1783,  in 
Woodbury,  Conn.  He  settled  in  New 
Milford  in  1807;  was  a  state  representa 
tive  for  four  years;  and  was  a  judge  of 
probate  for  two  years.  He  was  a  senator 
in  congress  from  1837  to  1843.  He  died 
June  8,  1852,  in  Milford,  Conn. 

SMITH,  PERSIFER  FRAZER,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1808  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia; 
and  the  author  of  Forms  of  Procedure  in 
Pennsylvania  Courts;  and  Pennsylvania 
Supreme  Court  Reports,  in  thirty-two  vol 
umes.  He  died  May  17,  1882,  in  West- 
chester,  Pa. 

SMITH,  REUBEN  S.,  educator,  writer, 
lawyer,  politician,  was  born  April  1,  1854, 
in  Marianna,  Fla.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  city,  and  graduated 
from  the  Howard  university,  from  which 
institution  he  received  the  degree  of 
LL.  B.  He  taught  school  for  awhile, 
and  for  several  years  was  the  Washing 
ton  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Globe. 
He  has  filled  numerous  offices  of  trust 
in  the  United  States  government;  was  a 
delegate  to  the  national  republican  con- 
ventjon  in  1880;  and  is  now  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of  Washington,  D.  C., 
practices  in  all  the  courts  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  and  before  the  government 
departments. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


865 


SMITH,  RICHARD,  congressman,  was 
born  March  22,  1735,  in  Burlington,  N.  J. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1774  to  1776. 
He  died  in  1803  near  Natchez,  Miss.,  while 
on  a  journey  through  the  southern  states. 

SMITH,  RICHARD  PBNN,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  13,  1799,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  drama 
tist  of  Philadelphia,  fifteen  of  whose  plays 
were  placed  on  the  stage,  and  were  once 
popular,  Caius  Marius  being  one  of  the 
best.  He  wrote  also  The  Forsaken,  a 
novel;  The  Actress  of  Padua,  and  Other 
Tales;  and  Lives  of  Crockett  and  Martin 
Van  Buren.  His  complete  works  in  four 
volumes  were  issued  in  1888.  He  died 
Aug.  12,  1854,  in  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Pa. 

SMITH,  RICHARD  SOMERS,  soldier, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1813, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  soldier  and 
educator;  president  of  Girard  college  in 
1863-68;  and  for  the  last  seven  years  of 
his  life  in  charge  of  the  department  of 
drawing  at  the  United  States  Naval  acad 
emy.  He  was  the  author  of  Manual  of 
Topograpnical  Drawing;  and  Manual  of 
Linear  Perspective.  He  died  Jan.  23, 
1877,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 

SMITH,  RICHMOND  MAYO,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1854  in  Ohio.  He  is 
a  professor  of  political  economy  at  Col 
umbia  college  from  1883;  and  the  author 
of  Statistics  and  Economics;  Emigration 
and  Immigration;  and  Statistics  and 
Sociology. 

SMITH,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  educator, 
was  born  in  1723  in  Ireland.  From  1751 
till  his  death  was  pastor  of  the  presby- 
terian  church  at  Pequea,  Pa.,  a  part  of 
the  time  supplying  the  church  at.Leacock. 
Shortly  after  his  settlement  in  Pequea  he 
founded  a  classical  and  theological  sem 
inary,  which  enjoyed  a  high  reputation. 
He  died  April  15,  1793,  in  Rockville,  Pa. 

•  SMITH,  ROBERT,  protestant  episcopal 
bishop,  was  born  June  25,  1732,  in  Eng 
land.  In  1783  he  opened  an  academy, 
which  was  chartered  in  1786  as  the  South 
Carolina  college.  Of  this  institution  he 
was  president  until  1798.  He  was  unani 
mously  elected  in  1795  to  be  the  first 
bishop  of  the  protestant  episcopal  church 
in  South  Carolina.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1801, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

SMITH,  ROBERT,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  cabinet  officer,  was  born  in  Novem 
ber,  1757,  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  served  as 
a  volunteer  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and 
was  present  at  the  battle  of  Brandywine. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  Maryland 
legislature;  was  secretary  of  the  navy 
from  1802  to  1805;  and  was  secretary  of 
the  navy  under  President  Madison.  He 
died  Nov.  26,  1842,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

SMITH,  ROBERT,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  12,  1802,  in 
Petersborough,  N.  H.  He  removed  to  Il 
linois  in  1832;  served  in  the  Illinois  legis 
lature  from  1836  to  1840;  and  was  enroll 
ing  and  engrossing  clerk  of  the  house  of 
representatives  of  Illinois  from  1840  to 
1843.  He  was  then  elected  to  congress, 
and  served  until  1849;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-fifth  congress.  He  died  in 
December,  1867,  in  Alton,  111. 

SMITH,  ROBERT  A.,  lawyer,  banker, 
legislator,  was  born  June  13,  1827,  in 
Booneville,  Ind.  He  received  a  thorough 
education  and  attended  the  Indiana  uni 
versity  of  Bloomington.  He  has  lead  a 
life  of  an  active  business  man,  banker, 
lawyer,  and  statesman.  He  was  elected 
auditor  of  Warren  county,  Ind.;  and  in 
1853  moved  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.  He  prac 
ticed  law,  and  was  appointed  secretary 
to  Governor  Gorman,  and  acted  as  ter 
ritorial  librarian  up  to  1856;  and  for  the 

55 


twelve  succeeding  years  was  treasurer  of 
Ramsey  county.  In  1868  he  was  elect 
ed  alderman  of  St.  Paul,  and  for 
three  years  was  president  of  the 
common  council.  He  served  two  years 
in  the  legislature;  then  became  mayor 
of  St.  Paul,  and  was  elected  a  state 
senator — serving  eight  years  as  mayor 
and  four  years  as  state  senator.  He  has 
been  postmaster  of  St.  Paul,  and  for 
nearly  fifty  years  has  been  engaged  in 
official  life. 

SMITH,  ROBERT  BUnNS,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1854, 
in  Hickman  county,  Ky.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  and  at  the  academy  of  Milburn, 
Ky.  For  four  years  he  was  engaged  in 
educational  work;  and  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1877.  In  1884 
he  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention  of  Montana;  United  States 
district  attorney  for  Montana  during  1885- 
89;  was  corporation  counsel  for  the  city 
of  Helena  in  1891;  and  in  1894  was  a 
candidate  for  congress  on  the  people's 
party  ticket.  In  1897  he  was  elected  to 
fill  the  high  office  of  governor  of  Mon 
tana  for  four  years.  He  is  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  the  west;  and  is  re 
garded  as  the  best  political  debater  in  the 
state  of  Montana. 

SMITH,  ROBERT  DAVIS,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  Oct.  9, 
1842,  in  Columbia,  Tenn.  His  father,  Rev. 
Franklin  G.  Smith,  founded  the  Columbian 
Athenaeum,  of  which  Robert,  his  eldest 
son,  became  president.  He  also  served 
four  years  in  the  confederate  army  as 
captain. 

SMITH,  ROBERT  FREDERICK,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1806,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  saw  much  active  service, 
and  commanded  a  brigade  in  Sherman's 
march  from  Atlanta  to  the  sea  and  thence 
to  Washington.  Before  the  regiment  was 
mustered  out  of  service  in  1865  he  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general.  He  died 
April  23,  1893,  in  Hamilton,  111. 

SMITH,  ROSWELL,  publisher,  was  born 
March  30,  1829,  in  Lebanon,  Conn.  He 
moved  in  1870  to  New  York  city,  where, 
in  connection  with  Dr.  Josiah  G.  Holland 
and  Charles  Scribner,  he  established 
Scribner's  Monthly,  now  the  Century 
Magazine.  In  1873  he  began  the  publica 
tion  of  St.  Nicholas,  a  magazine  for  chil 
dren.  The  first  organization  was  under 
the  firm  name  of  Scribner  and  Co.,  which 
subsequently  became  the  Century  com 
pany,  with  Mr.  Smith  as  president. 

SMITH,  RUSSELL,  artist,  was  born 
April  26,  1812,  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  When 
seven  years  of  age  he  came  to  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  in  1835  settled  in  Philadelphia, 
and  has  become  a  distinguished  scene  and 
landscape  painter.  His  Chocorua  Peak, 
and  Cave  at  Chelton  Hills  were  exhibited 
in  1876  at  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  ex 
hibition. 

SMITH,  SADIE  ADAMS,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  23,  1845,  in  Lancaster,  N.  H. 
She  is  the  historian  general  of  the  Daugh> 
ters  of  the  Revolution;  secretary  general 
and  historian  of  United  States  Daughters 
of  1812;  and  the  first  treasurer  of  the 
National  Society  of  New  England  Women 
In  1865  she  was  married  to  Captain 
Le  Roy  Sunderland  Smith.  She  excels  as 
a  writer,  and  has  contributed  extensively 
to  periodical  literature. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL,  financier,  author, 
was  born  in  1720  in  Burlington,  N.  J.  He 
was  a  colonial  treasurer  of  the  province 
of  West  Jersey;  and  published  a  History 
jf  Nova  Caesarea,  or  New  Jersey,  from  Its 
Settlement  to  1721.  He  died  in  1776,  in 
Burlington,  N.  J. 


SMITH,  SAMUEL,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1805  to  1809. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  merchant, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  July  27,  1752,  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He 
was  a  distinguished  merchant  of  Balti 
more,  of  which  city  he  was  mayor.  He  rose 
from  the  rank  of  captain  to  that  of  briga 
dier-general  in  the  revolutionary  war.  In 
1776  he  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
for  framing  the  constitution  of  Maryland; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1793  to  1803,  and  again 
from  1816  to  1822,  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  1803  to  1815,  and  again 
from  1822  to  1833.  He  died  April  22,  1839, 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1767  in  Peter 
borough,  N.  H.  He  held  many  public  po 
sitions;  and  was  for  many  years  a  manu 
facturer  of  paper.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1813  to  1815.  He  died  in  1842. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL  A.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Bucks  county 
from  1829  to  18d3. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL  A.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  26,  1822,  in  Monroe 
county,  Tenn.  In  1845  he  was  elected  at 
torney-general  for  the  third  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Tennessee,  which  office  he  held 
until  1848.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Na 
tional  convention  of  that  year  held  at 
Baltimore;  and  was  soon  afterward  elect 
ed  a  presidential  elector.  He  was  again 
chosen  a  presidential  elector  in  1852;  and 
in  1850  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  affairs 
of  me  East  Tennessee  and  Georgia  rail 
road.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  thirty-third  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses.  In 
1859  he  was  appointed  commissioner  of  the 
general  land  office. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL  EMERSON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  governor,  was 
born  March  12,  1788,  in  Hollis,  N. 
H.  In  1812  he  settled  in  Wiscasset, 
Maine;  was  a  representative  in  the 
legislature  in  1819  and  1820;  and  was 
chief  justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
of  Maine  in  1821.  He  was  justice  of  the 
state  court  of  common  pleas  from  1822 
to  1830;  was  governor  of  Maine  from  1831 
to  1834;  and  was  again  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  from  1835  to  1837.  In 
the  latter  year  he  was  a  commissioner  to 
revise  the  public  statutes  of  Maine.  He 
died  March  4,  1860,  in  Wiscasset,  Maine. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL  FINLEY,  educator, 
journalist,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1855,  in 
Dexter,  Ohio.  He  began  teaching  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  years, 
earned  all  the  money 
necessary  to  com 
plete  his  education, 
won  two  of  the  three 
class  honors,  and  in 
1884  graduated  with 
credit  from  the  Na 
tional  Normal  uni 
versity  at  Lebanon, 
Ohio.  He  taught 
successfully  as  prin 
cipal  of  Chester 
academy  and  the  Ra 
cine  public  schools,  both  in  his  native 
county.  He  was  elected  clerk  of  courts 
of  Meigs  county  in  1894,  a  position  he 
still  holds.  He  is  also  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  The  Pomeroy  Leader,  one  of 
the  best  local  newspapers  published  in 
the  state. 


sin; 


HKRRINGSHAVV'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SMITH,    SAMUEL    FRANCIS,    clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1808, 
in  Boston,  Mass.     He  received  his  educa 
tion    in    the    Boston 
Latin  school,  and  be 
came     a     successful 
clergyman    and    au- 

thor.    In  1834  he  was 

jr  «•!  ordained     a     clergy- 

'<  man  of  the  baptist 
church;  filled  a  pas 
torate  in  Waterville 
for  two  years;  and 
during  1842-54  filled 
a  pastorate  in  New 
ton,  Mass.  He  has 
been  editor  of  the 
various  publications  of  the  Baptist  Mis 
sionary  union  during  1864-69;  and  he 
twice  visited  the  chief  missionary  sta 
tions  in  Europe  and  Asia.  Dr.  Smith  did 
a  large  amount  of  literary  work,  mainly 
in  the  line  of  hymnology,  his  most  noted 
compositions  being  the  national  hymn, 
My  Country, 'Tis  of  Thee,  and  the  mission 
ary  hymn  entitled  The  Morning  Light  is 
Breaking.  'His  original  hymns  and  poetry 
have  been  published  under  the  titles  of 
Lyric  Gems;  The  Psalmist;  Rock  of 
Ages;  and  he  was  also  the  author  of 
Missionary  Sketches  and  other  works.  He 
died  in  1896. 

SMITH,    SAMUEL   G.,   clergyman,    lec 
turer,  author,  was  born   in   1852.     He   is 
a   congregational    clergyman;     and   since 
1888  has  been  pastor 
_^^^^  of        the        People's 

^JL  church   of    St.   Paul, 

Minn.    He  graduated 
in  1872  from  Cornell 
'    college,      Iowa.      He 
has  been  seven  years 
,  JK       ;i     member     of     the 
L    state   board    of    cor- 
4m  rections    and    chari- 

^^^*  '    ties     of     Minnesota; 

H^^^^^Hh^   three    years  member 
M^^H^HHI   of  the  St.  Paul  board 
of     education;      and 

five  years  president  of  the  associated  char 
ities;  besides  occupying  other  public  po 
sitions.  He  has  been  for  five  years  lectur 
er  in  sociology  in  the  state  university. 
He  is  in  constant  demand  as  a  platform 
lecturer,  and  has  written  extensively  for 
newspapers  and  magazines. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL  HARRISON,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1772  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  edited  the  New  World  in 
1796-1800,  and  on  the  removal  of  the  seat 
of  government  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  on 
Oct.  31  of  the  latter  year,  founded  the 
National  Intelligencer,  which  he  edited 
till  1818.  He  was  commissioner  of  rev 
enue  from  1813  till  the  office  was  abol 
ished.  He  published  Remarks  on  Educa 
tion;  and  Trial  of  Samuel  Chase,  Im 
peached  Before  the  United  States  Senate, 
in  two  volumes.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1845, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL  JOSEPH,  poet,  was 
born  in  1771  in  Moorestown,  N.  J.  He 
lived  on  his  estate,  dividing  his  time  be 
tween  his  farm,  literature,  and  public 
benefactions.  Two  of  his  lyrics  are  in 
Lyra  Sacra  Americana,  and  his  Miscel 
lanies,  with  a  memoir,  were  published  in 
1836.  He  died  Nov.  14,  1835,  near  Bur 
lington,  N.  J. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL  STANHOPE,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
March  16,  1750,  in  Pequea,  Pa.  He  was  a 
presbyterlan  clergyman;  and  president 
of  Princeton  college  in  1794-1812.  He  was 
the  author  of  Lectures  on  the  Evidences 
of  the  Christian  Religion;  Moral  and  Po 
litical  Philosophy;  Sermons;  Compre 
hensive  View  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Re- 


ligion;  and  On  the  Variety  of  Complexion 
and  Figure  of  the  Human  Species.  He 
died  Aug.  21,  1819,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL  W..  educator,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  23,  1852,  in  Independence,  Mich.  He 
commenced  to  care  for  himself  at  the 
early  age  of  twelve  years;  and  engaged 
in  teaching  school  at  sixteen  years  of  age, 
and  for  the  last  eighteen  years  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Pontiac.  Mich.  In  1880  he 
was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  Oak 
land  county,  and  re-elected  in  1882.  In 
1884  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

SMITH,  MRS.  SARAH  LOUISA  HICK- 
MAN,  poet,  was  born  June  30,  1811,  in 
Detroit,  Mich.  She  was  a  Cincinnati  poet 
whose  poems  appeared  in  1829.  She  died 
Feb.  12,  1832,  in  New  York  city. 

SMITH,  SEBA— Jack  Downing— journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1792.  in 
Buckfield,  Maine.  He  was  a  journalist 
of  Portland,  Maine;  and  after  1842  of 
New  York  city.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Letters  of  Major  Jack  Downing; 
Powhatan,  a  metrical  romance;  New  Ele 
ments  of  Geometry;  Way  Down  East,  or 
Portraitures  of  Yankee  Life;  My  Thirty 
Years  Out  of  the  Senate;  and  Dew-Drops 
of  the  Nineteenth  Century.  He  died  July 
29,  1868,  in  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

SMITH,  SEBASTIAN  BACH,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1845.  He  was  a 
Roman  catholic  clergyman  of  Paterson, 
N.  J.;  and  the  author  of  Elements  of 
Ecclesiastical  Law;  and  New  Procedure 
in  Criminal  and  Disciplinary  Causes  of 
Ecclesiastics  in  the  United  States.  He 
died  in  1895. 

SMITH,  SIDNEY  IRVING,  biologist, 
was  born  Feb.  18,  1843,  in  Norway,  Maine. 
He  had  charge  of  the  deep-water  dredg 
ing  that  was  carried  on  in  Lake  Superior 
by  the  United  States  lake  survey  in  18/1; 
by  the  United  States  coast  survey  in  the 
region  of  St.  George's  banks  in  1872.  His 
papers  have  been  published  in  the  Re 
ports  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commis 
sion;  Reports  of  Progress  of  the  Geo 
logical  Survey  of  Canada;  and  other  gov 
ernment  reports. 

SMITH,  SOLOMON  FRANKLIN,  actor, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  20,  1801, 
in  Norwich,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  popular  co 
median  who  left  the  stage  in  1853,  and 
was  afterward  a  noted  lawyer  of  St.  Louis. 
He  was  the  author  of  Theatrical  Appren 
ticeship;  Theatrical  Journey  Work;  and 
Autobiography.  He  died  April  20,  1869, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

SMITH,  SOPHIA,  philanthropist,  was 
born  Aug.  27,  1796,  in  Hatfleld,  Mass. 
She  founded  Smith  college  of  Northamp 
ton,  Mass.,  for  the  education  of  women, 
which  she  endowed  with  nearly  a  half 
million  dollars.  She  also  bequeathed 
seventy-five  thousand  dollars  to  the  town 
of  Hatfleld  for  the  endowment  of  a  school 
preparatory  to  Smith  college.  She  died 
June  12,  1870,  in  Hatfield,  Mass. 

SMITH,  STEPHEN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  19,  1823,  in  Onondaga 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  New  York  sur 
geon;  and  professor  of  clinical  surgery 
in  the  university  of  the  city  of  New  York 
from  1874.  He  is  the  author  of  Hand 
book  of  Surgical  Operations;  and  Prin 
ciples  of  Operative  Surgery. 

SMITH,  THEOPHILUS  WASHING 
TON,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  was 
born  Sept.  28,  1784,  in  New  York  city. 
After  serving  in  the  United  States  navy 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  his  native 
city  in  1805,  having  been  a  law-student  in 
the  office  of  Aaron  Burr,  and  a  fellow- 
student  with  Washington  Irving.  In  1816 


he  visited  the  west  in  the  interest  of  his 
father-in-law,  who  had  a  large  estate  in 
Ohio,  and  proceeding  as  far  as  Edwards- 
ville,  111.,  settled  there.  In  1823  he  was 
elected  state  senator,  and  filled  other  im 
portant  offices.  He  died  May  6,  1846,  in 
Chicago,  111. 

SMITH,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1745  in  Scotland. 
In  1769  he  was  appointed  deputy-surveyor, 
and  settled  in  Bedford,  Pa.  He  was  col 
onel  of  militia  during  the  revolution;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  con 
vention  in  1776.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1780  to  1782; 
and  was  president  judge  from  1791  to  1794. 
He  was  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
Pennsylvania  from  1794  to  1809.  He  died 
June  16,  1809,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SMITH,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1815  to  1817. 

SMITH,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Indiana  from 
1839  to  1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1847. 

SMITH,  THOMAS,  state  legislator,  was 
born  Jan.  18,  1835,  in  England.  In  1890-92 
he  was  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  state 
legislature;  and  in  1891  he  was  appointed 
commissioner  for  the  World's  Fair  at 
Chicago. 

SMITH,  THOMAS  CHURCH  HAS- 
KKLL,  lawyer,  soldier,  was  born  March 
24,  1819,  in  Acushnet,  Mass.  He  engaged 
in  the  establishment  of  the  Morse  tele 
graph  system  in  the  west  and  south,  and 
was  president  of  the  New  Orleans  and 
Ohio  Telegraph  company.  At  the  begin 
ning  of  the  civil  war  he  became  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  the  first  Ohio  cavalry, 
served  under  Gen.  John  Pope  in  Virginia, 
and  became  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  in  1862.  He  was  mustered  out  of 
the  volunteer  service  in  1866;  in  1878' 
entered  the  regular  army  as  major  and 
paymaster;  and  in  1883  was  retired. 

SMITH,  THOMAS  KILBY,  soldier,  law 
yer,  diplomat,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1820,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted 
major-general  of  volunteers;  and  the 
following  year  was  appointed  United 
States  consul  at  Panama.  He  died  Dec. 
14,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

SMITH.  THOMAS  LOCHLAN,  artist, 
was  born  Dec.  2,  1835,  in  Glasgow,  Scot 
land.  He  removed  to  New  York,  and  in 
1869  was  elected  an  associate  of  the  Na 
tional  academy.  He  devoted  himself 
chiefly  to  painting  winter  scenes.  His 
Deserted  House  and  Eve  of  St.  Agnes 
were  at  the  Centennial  exhibition  at  Phil 
adelphia  in  1876.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1884,  in 
New  \ork  city. 

SMITH,  TRUMAN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  27,  1791,  in  Rocksbury,  Conn.  He 
^^^^^^^^^^^^  was  elected  to  the 
^""•^  -  state  legislature  in 
1831,  and  re-elected 
in  1832  and  1834.  In 
1839  he  was  elected 
a  representative  in 
congress;  and  was 

re-elected  in  1841.  He 

I  was  a  presidential 
I  elector  in  1844;  in 
1845  he  was  again 
elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  in 

1847.  In  1849  he  took  his  seat  in  the 
United  States  senate  for  a  full  term  of  six 
years.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
court  of  arbitration  in  New  York,  under 
the  treaty  of  1862  with  Great  Britain.  He 
died  May  3,  1884,  in  Stamford,  Conn. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


867 


SMITH,  URIAH,  author,  poet,  was  born 
in  1832  in  New  Hampshire.  He  is  a 
seventh  day  adventist  writer  of  Battle 
Creek,  Mich.;  and  the  author  of  Looking 
Unto  Jesus;  Here  and  Hereafter;  The 
Destiny  of  the  Wicked;  Nature  and  Des 
tiny  of  Man;  A  Word  for  the  Sabbath,  in 
verse;  The  United  States  in  the  Light 
of  Prophecy;  Daniel  and  the  Revelation; 
The  Sure  Foundation;  and  Scripture 
Pathways  Cleared  of  Stumbling  Stones. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1721  in  Scotland.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  of  Philadelphia  who 
came  to  America  from  Scotland  in  1751, 
and  in  1754  was  made  first  provost  of  the 
university  of  Pennsylvania.  A  General 
Idea  of  the  College  of  Mirania  first 
brought  him  to  the  knowledge  of  Frank 
lin,  who  was  then  laying  plans  for  the 
university.  He  was  author,  also,  of  Brief 
Account  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania; 
Sermons;  ana  Discourses  on  Public  Oc 
casions.  He  died  May  14,  1803,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  28,  1728,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  jurist  of  New  York  city; 
was  a  loyalist  during  the  revolution;  and 
in  1786  was  appointed  chief  justice  of 
Canada.  He  was  the  author  of  History 
of  the  Province  of  New  York  from  Its  Dis 
covery  to  1732.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1793,  in 
Quebec,  Canada. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1730  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
from  Maryland  from  1777  to  1778;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
l'<»9  to  1791.  He  was  then  appointed 
auditor  of  the  treasury.  He  died  March 
27,  1814,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM,  educator,  author. 
In  1754  he  was  elected  the  first  provost 
of  the  college  of  Philadelphia,  serving 
until  1779.  He  was  the  author  of  A  Brief 
Account  of  Philadelphia;  Discourses  on 
Puolic  Occasions;  and  a  collection  of 
sermons. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  in  1754  in  Scotland. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  New 
port,  R.  I.,  and  elsewhere;  and  of  some 
note  as  an  educator  in  his  day.  He  was 
the  author  of  Essays  on  the  Christian 
Ministry.  He  died  in  1821. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  1762  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  South  Carolina 
from  1816  to  1823,  and  again  from  1826  to 
1831,  officiating  on  two  occasions  as  presi 
dent  pro  tern,  of  the  senate.  In  1837  he 
received  the  electoral  vote  of  Virginia 
for  vice-president  of  the  United  States. 
He  served  in  the  legislature  of  South 
Carolina;  was  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  that  state;  and  was  a  distinguished 
supporter  of  the  doctrine  of  state  rights. 
He  died  June  10,  1840,  in  Huntsville,  Ala. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1789  to  1799;  and 
resigned  to  become  United  States  minis 
ter  to  Portugal. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Chesterfield,  Va.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  that  state  to  the  nine 
teenth  congress. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM,  historian,  states 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1769,  in 
New  York.  He  became  successively  clerk 
of  the  provincial  parliament,  master  in 
chancery,  and  in  1814  secretary  of  state 
for  the  colonies  and  a  member  of  the  ex 
ecutive  council.  He  published  a  History 
of  Canada  from  Its  Discovery,  in  two  vol 
umes.  He  died  Dec.  17,  1847,  in  Canada. 


SMITH,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Sept.  6,  1797,  in  Virginia.  In  1836  he 
was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature;  and 
was  re-elected  in 
1840.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  con 
gress  during  the 
term  of  1842  and 
1843;  and  in  1845  he 
was  elected  govern 
or  of  Virginia  for 
three  years.  In  1853 
he  was  again  elected 
a  representative  in 
congress,  in  which 

position  he  continued  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  rebellion  in  1861.  He  subse 
quently  served  as  a  brigadier-general  in 
the  Virginia  army,  and  was  wounded  at 
Antietam.  He  died  May  18,  1887,  in  War- 
renton,  Va. 

SMITH.  WILLIAM,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Jan.  9,  1803,  in  Washington,  Ky. 
He  entered  the  United  States  navy  as 
a  midshipman  in  1823;  served  in  Com 
modore  David  Porter's  squadron  against 
the  West  Indian  pirates;  and  became 
lieutenant  in  1831.  During  the  civil  war 
he  was  in  the  frigate  Congress  when  she 
was  sunk  by  the  Merrimac;  became  com 
modore  in  1862;  and  was  subsequently  in 
command  of  the  Pensacola  naval  station 
till  1865,  when  he  was  retired.  He  died 
May  1,  1873,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Oct.  8,  1697,  in  England.  He  gradu 
ated  from  Yale  in  1719,  served  as  tutor 
there  for  five  years,  and  in  1724  returned 
to  New  York  city  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  His  eloquence  and  address  soon 
brought  him  into  notice.  He  died  Nov.  22, 
1769,  in  New  York  city. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  ALDEN,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  12,  1859,  in 
Dowagiac,  Mich.  He  was  appointed  page 
in  the  Michigan  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1879;  and  was  assistant  secretary 
of  the  Michigan  state  senate  in  1882.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  republican  state 
central  committee  in  1888,  1890,  and  1892. 
He  was  the  republican  candidate  for  con 
gress  in  the  fifth  congressional  district  in 
1894  and  elected,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  ALEXANDER,  agri 
culturist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  9,  1828,  in  North  Carolina.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  secession  convention 
of  North  Carolina  in  1861.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature  iu 
1864;  was  a  member  of  the  constitution 
al  convention  in  1865;  and  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  in  1870.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  North  Carolina  railroad,  and 
of  the  Yadkin  River  railroad;  and  was 
a  representative  from  Nortn  Carolina  to 
the  forty-third  congress  as  a  republican. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  ANDREW,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1802,  in 
Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman  of  Vir 
ginia  whose  Lectures 
on  the  Philosophy 
and  Practice  of  Slav 
ery  are  considered 
the  ablest  presenta 
tion  of  the  pro-slav 
ery  side  of  the  ques 
tion.  He  took  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  abo 
litionist  movementf 
and  contributed  val 
uable  articles  on  that 
question  to  the  lead 
ing  newspapers  of  the  United  States.  He 
died  March  1,  1870,  in  Richmond,  Va. 


SMITH,  WILLIAM  E.,  state  legislator, 
governor,  was  born  in  1824,  in  Scotland. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Wiscon 
sin  legislature  in  1851  and  re-elected  in 
1871,  when  he  was  made  speaker  of  the 
house.  Besides  holding  many  other  of 
fices,  he  has  been  twice  elected  governor 
of  Wisconsin,  in  1877  and  1879. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  E.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  14,  1829, 
in  Augusta,  Ga.  In  1850  he  was  made 
solicitor-general  for  the  southwestern 
circuit.  In  1861  he  entered  the  confeder 
ate  army  in  the  fourth  Georgia  regiment 
as  first  lieutenant;  was  elected  captain 
in  1862;  and  lost  a  leg  in  front  of  Rich 
mond.  In  1863  he  was  elected  to  the 
confederate  house  of  representatives,  and 
continued  in  that  office  during  its  exist 
ence.  He  then  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits  and  cotton  planting;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Georgia  to 
the  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth  and  forty- 
sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  FARRAR.  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1824,  in  St. 
Albans,  Vt.  He  was  a  brevet  major-geil- 
eral  in  the  United 
States  army;  and  re 
signed  in  1867.  He 
is  the  author  of 
From  Chattanooga 
to  Petersburg  under 
Generals  Grant  and 
Butler;  and  several 
other  works.-  He  has 
always  been  promi- 
n  e  n  1 1  y  identified 
with  army  affairs; 
has  filled  numerous 
public  positions  of 
honor  in  Wilmington,  Del.;  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  the  leading  news 
papers  and  magazines  of  the  United 
States. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  April 
9,  1826,  in  Georgia.  He  moved  to  Ala 
bama;  and  was  twice  elected  to  the  leg 
islature.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1856;  was  appointed  a  circuit  judge  of 
the  state;  and  in  1868  was  elected  govern 
or  of  Alabama  for  the  term  of  two  years. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  HARRISON,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  May  10,  1848,  in 
Furnace,  Va.  He  is  president  of  the  Vir 
ginia  Polytechnic  institute  of  New  Mar 
ket,  Va. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1833  in  Ohio.  He  was 
a  journalist  of  Cincinnati;  and  subse 
quently  collector  of  Chicago.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  St.  Clair  Papers;  and  Po 
litical  History  of  the  United  States.  He 
died  in  1896. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  J.,  soldier,  agricult 
urist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  24,  1823,  in  Birmingham,  Eng 
land.  He  devoted 
himself  to  agricult 
ural  pursuits;  and 
during  the  rebellion 
was  persecuted  and 
arrested  on  account 
of  his  devotion  to  the 
union  cause.  He  en 
listed  in  the  volun 
teer  army  as  a  pri 
vate,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  brevet  brig 
adier-general.  H  e 
was  a  member  of  the 

convention  to  reorganize  the  state  govern 
ment  iu  Tennessee;  was  subsequently 
elected  to  the  state  legislature;  and  in 

1867  was  elected  to  the  state  senate.     In 

1868  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  forty-first  congress. 


868 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPKDIA    OF    AMKRICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SMITH,  WILLIAM  L.  G.,  author,  was 
born  in  1814  in  Vermont.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin  as  It  Is. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  LOUGHTON,  diplo 
mat,  congressman,  author,  was  born  in 
1758  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  South  Carolina  from  1789 
to  1799;  and  resigned  in  1797  to  become 
minister  to  Portugal;  and  was  minister 
to  Spain  in  1800-01.  He  was  an  active 
federalist  politician.  He  was  the  author 
of  Speeches;  Comparative  View  of  the 
Constitutions  of  the  States;  and  Ameri 
can  Arguments  for  British  Rights.  He 
died  in  1812  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  NATHAN  HAR- 
RELL  lawyer,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1812,  in  Murfrees- 
borough,  N.  C.  In  1840  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  state  house  of  commons; 
and  in  1848  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate.  He  was  solicitor  of  the  first  judicial 
district  for  eight  years.  In  1858  he  Was 
again  elected  to  the  house  of  commons, 
but  resigned  his  seat;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  He  took  part  in 
the  rebellion  of  1861  as  a  member  of  the 
so-called  confederate  congress;  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  national 
union  convention  of  1866,  and  the  New 
York  convention  of  1868.  He  died  Nov. 
14,  1889,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

SMITH  WILLIAM  RUDOLPH,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1787,  in  La 
Trappe,  Pa.  He  was  a  Wisconsin  lawyer; 
and  the  author  of  Observations  on  Wis 
consin  Territory,  1831;  and  History  of 
Wisconsin.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1868,  in 
Quincy,  111. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  RUSSELL,  lawyer, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  8, 
1813,  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  He  is  a  lawyer 
of  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  and  was  a  congress 
man  in  1851-55;  and  during  that  period 
sat  in  the  confederate  congress.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Alabama  Justice;  The 
Uses  of  Solitude,  a  poem;  As  It  Is,  a 
novel;  and  Condensed  Alabama  Reports. 

SMITH  WILLIAM  SOOY,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  July  22,  1830,  in  Tarlton,  Ohio. 
In  1853  he  graduated  from  the  United 
States  Military  academy.  In  1857  he  made 
the  first  surveys  for  the  international 
bridge  across  Niagara  river;  and  con 
structed  an  iron  bridge  across  Savannah 
river  He  was  active  in  the  civil  war, 
and  was  promoted  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  1862.  He  has  built  numer 
ous  steel  bridges;  has  served  on  numer 
ous  engineering  expeditions;  and  in  1880 
was  president  of  the  civil  engineers  club 
of  the  northwest. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  STEPHENS,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1755  in  New  York  city.  He  was  aid  to 
General  Sullivan  in  1776;  was  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  thirteenth  Massachusetts 
regiment  from  1778  to  1779;  and  was  sev 
eral  times  wounded.  He  was  then,  for 
a  short  time,  attached  to  the  staff  of  Steu- 
ben  but  left  in  1781  to  become  aid-de- 
cam'p  to  Washington.  He  was  secretary 
of  legation  under  John  Adams  in  Eng 
land  in  1785;  w.as  surveyor  of  the  port 
of  New  York;  and  served  three  years  as  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly.  He 
was  president  of  the  New  York  Cincinnati 
society  in  1804;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1813  to  1816.  He  died 
June  10,  1816,  in  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  THEODORE,  jour 
nalist,  state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  7, 
1860,  in  Monticello,  Ark.  He  is  the  editor 
and  owner  of  the  Chronicle  of  Stuttgart, 
Ark.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Arkansas  state  senate. 


SMITH,  WILLIAM  WAUGH,  soldier, 
educator,  author,  was  born  March  12,  1845, 
in  Warrenton,  Va.  He  entered  the  con 
federate  service  at  seventeen  years  of  age, 
fought  through  the  war  in  the  ranks, 
twice  refusing  commissions,  and  was 
wounded  at  the  battles  of  Fair  Oaks  and 
Gettysburg.  He  was  principal  of  Bethel 
academy  in  1871-78,  when  he  became 
professor  of  languages  in  Randolph  Ma- 
con,  held  office  till  1886,  and  since  that 
time  has  been  president  of  that  college. 
He  has  published  Outlines  of  Psychology; 
and  Chart  of  Comparative  Syntax  of 
Latin,  Greek,  French,  German,  and  En 
glish. 

SMITH,  WINFIELD,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Aug.  16,  1827,  in  Fort  Howard, 
Wis.  He  is  president  of  the  Milwaukee 
and  Superior  railway. 

SMITH,  WORTHINGTON,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1795  in  Hadley,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Vermont,  pastor  at  St.  Albans  in  1823-49, 
and  president  of  the  university  of  Ver 
mont  in  1849-56.  He  was  the  author  of 
Select  Sermons.  He  died  Feb.  13,  1856, 
in  St.  Albans,  Vt. 

SMITH,  WORTHINGTON  C.,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  23,  1823,  in  St.  Albans,  Vt.  He 
became  an  iron  merchant  and  manufac 
turer.  In  1863  he  was  chosen  to  the  leg 
islature  of  the  state,  and  in  1864  and  1865 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  officiating 
during  the  last  session  as  president  of  the 
senate.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Vermont  to  the  fortieth,  forty- 
first  and  forty-second  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

SMITH,  XANTHUS,  soldier,  artist,  was 
born  Feb.  26,  1839,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  known  as  a  marine  and  landscape 
painter.  He  served  during  the  civil  war 
under  Admiral  Samuel  F.  DuPont,  and  has 
painted  many  of  the  naval  engagements  of 
the  war. 

SMITH,  ZACHARIAH  FREDERICK, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1827, 
in  Henry  county,  Ky.  He  was  super 
intendent  of  public  instruction  in  Ken 
tucky  for  four  years;  and  is  the  author 
of  a  History  of  Kentucky. 

SMITHDEAL,  GEORGE  MICHAfciL, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1855, 
near  Salisbury,  N.  C.  He  taught  school 
and  attended  col 
lege  alternately  for 
several  years,  and 
subsequently  became 
a  successful  Spence- 
rian  penman.  In 
1883  he  opened  the 
Smithdeal  Business 
college  in  Greensbo 
ro,  N.  C.,  which  in 
stitution  he  subse 
quently  moved  to 
Richmond,  Va.  He 
has  gradually  built 
one  of  the  finest  institutions  of  the  kind 
in  the  country,  buying  and  uniting  several 
other  schools  of  similar  character  with 
the  Smithdeal  college,  of  which  he  is 
president.  He  is  the  author  of  Smithdeal's 
Bookkeeping,  and  other  works. 

SMITHERS,  NATHANIEL  B.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1818,  in 
Dover,  Del.  He  was  clerk  of  the  Delaware 
house  of  representatives  in  1845  and  1847. 
In  1863  he  was  appointed  secretary  of 
state  for  Delaware.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Delaware  to  the  thir 
ty-eighth  congress. 

SMITHSON,  JAMES,  scientist,  philan 
thropist.  The  Smithsonian  institution  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  was  founded  by  con 
gress  in  1846,  in  accordance  with  the  will 


of  James  Smithson,  who  bequeathed  for 
its  establishment  over  half  a  million  dol 
lars,  and  the  institution  was  named  in  his 
honor. 

SMOCK,  JOHN  CONOVER,  geologist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1842,  in  Holm- 
del,  N.  J.  He  is  a  geologist,  assistant  in 
charge  of  the  New  York  State  Museum 
from  1885,  and  the  author  of  Report  on 
Clay  Deposits;  and  On  Building-Stones 
in  New  York. 

SMOKE,  ELMYRA  J.,  poet,  was  born  in 
1832,  in  Clinton  county,  Ohio.  Her  poems 
have  principally  appeared  in  the  leading 
publications  of  the  Pacific  coast,  and  sev 
eral  have  been  given  a  place  in  standard 
collections.  Mrs.  Smoke  now  resides  in 
Wichita,  Kan. 

SMOOT,  MARTHA  ADALINE,  educator, 
litterateur,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1829,  in 
Buckholts,  Liberty  county,  Miss.  She 
received  her  education  at  the  Monticello 
seminary,  Illinois,  and  in  Mobile,  Ala. 
For  many  years  she  was  principal  of  lit 
erary  and  musical  schools  in  Galveston 
and  Bryan,  Texas.  In  1892-93  she  was 
chairman  of  the  Texas  advisory  music 
committee  for  the  world's  fair.  She  is 
now  a  widow,  and  her  son  is  president 
of  the  National  bank  of  Colorado,  Texas. 
She  has  contributed  extensively  to  cur 
rent  literature. 

SMYSER,  MARTIN  LUTHER,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  3,  1851,  In 
Plaine  township,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Wayne  county, 
Ohio,  in  1872,  and  served  one  term,  and 
has  practiced  law  continuously  since.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
republican. 

SMYTH,  ALBERT  HENRY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  June  18,  1863,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  attended  the  Central 
High  school  of  his  native  city,  and  the 
Johns  Hopkins  university.  During  1885- 
86  he  was  assistant  librarian  of  the  Johns 
Hopkins  university;  and  since  1886  has 
been  professor  of  English  language  and 
literature  in  the  Central  High  school  of 
Philadelphia.  He  was  the  founder  and 
editor  of  Shakesperiana,  the  first  maga 
zine  ever  devoted  to  the  study  of  a  single 
author.  He  is  the  author  of  American 
Literature,  published  in  1889;  Life  of 
Bayard  Taylor;  and  of  various  articles 
and  original  investigations  in  the  maga 
zines  and  in  the  proceedings  of  learned 
societies. 

SMYTH,  ALEXANDER,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  author,  born  in 
1765,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  legislature.  He  was  appointed  a 
colonel  of  rifles  in  1808,  and  was  appointed 
acting  inspector-general,  with  rank  of 
brigadier-general  in  1812.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1817  to  1825,  and  from  1827  to  1830. 
He  published  Regulations  for  United 
States  Infantry,  in  1812,  and  a  pamphlet 
on  the  Apocalypse.  He  died  April  26, 
1830,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SMYTH,  DAVID  McCONNELL,  invent 
or,  was  born  July  3,  1833,  in  Ireland.  He 
is  the  inventor  of  a  method  for  shaving 
veneer  wood,  a  machine  for  cutting  wood 
en  toothpicks,  and  the  adjustable  mitre- 
box,  now  in  universal  use. 

SMYTH,  EGBERT  COFFIN,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1829, 
in  Brunswick,  Maine.  He  is  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  prominent  among  lib 
eral  thinkers  in  his  denomination,  and 
professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  at  An- 
dover  seminary  from  1863.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Value  of  the  Study  of  Church 
History  in  Ministerial  Education;  and 
translation  of  Uhlhorn's  Conflict  of  Chris 
tianity  and  Heathenism. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


869 


SMYTH,  FREDERICK,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  New  Hampshire  for  two 
years,  from  1865  to  1867. 

SMYTH,  GEORGE  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Texas  from  1853  to  1855. 

SMYTH,  HERBERT  WEIR,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1857,  in  Wil 
mington,  Del.  He  is  a  professor  of  Greek 
in  Bryn  Mawr  college  from  1888,  and  the' 
author  of  Sounds  anu  Inflections  of  the 
Greek  Dialects. 

SMYTH,  JULIAN  KENNEDY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1856  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  Sweclenborgian  clergyman 
of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  Footprints 
of  the  Saviour;  and  Holy  Names  as  In 
terpretations  of  the  Story  of  the  Manger 
and  the  Cross. 


(SAMUEL),  NEWMAN  (PHIL 
LIPS),  clergyman,  author,  was  born  June 
25,  1843,  in  Maine.  He  is  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  prominence  and  of  liberal 
theology,  and  pastor  of  the  First  church 
at  New  Haven  from  1882.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Old  Faiths  in  New.  Light;  The 
Orthodox  Theology  of  To-Day;  The  Re 
ligious  Feeling;  The  Morality  of  the  Old 
Testament;  Personal  Creeds;  Christian 
Ethics;  Dorner  on  the  Future  State;  and 
The  Reality  of  Faith. 

SMYTH,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  14,  1808,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Charles 
ton,  pastor  of  the  Second  church  in  1832- 
73,  and  very  active  as  a  controversialist, 
among  whose  many  writings  are:  Lec 
tures  on  the  Prelatical  Doctrine  of  the 
Apostolical  Succession;  History  of  the 
Westminster  Assembly;  Why  Do  I  Live? 
Solace  for  Bereaved  Parents;  Calvin  and 
His  Enemies;  and  Ecclesiastical  Repub 
licanism.  He  died  Aug.  20,  1873,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

SMYTH,  THOMAS  A.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Ireland.  He  served  through  the  civil 
war,  and  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser 
vices  received  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  died  April  6,  1865,  in  Farmville, 
Va. 

SMYTH,  WILLIAM,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1797  in  Pittston,  Maine.  He 
is  an  educator  who  was  professor  of 
mathematics  at  Bow- 
doin  college  from 
1825,  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  Elements  of 
Algebra;  Treatise  on 
Algebra;  Trigonome 
try,  Surveying,  and 
Navigation;  E  1  e  - 
ments  of  Analytical 
Geometry;  Elements 
of  the  Differential 
and  Integral  Calcu 
lus;  and  Lectures  on 
Modern  History.  He 
died  April  3,  1868,  in  Brunswick,  Maine. 

SMYTH,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1824,  in  Ire 
land.  In  1848-53  he  was  attorney  for 
Linn  county,  Iowa;  was  judge  of  the  same 
from  1854  to  1857;  and  in  1858  was  ap 
pointed  a  commissioner  to  codify  the 
state  laws.  He  was  a  colonel  of  Iowa 
volunteers  from  1862  to  1864,  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
forty-first  congress. 

SNAPP,  H.,  lawyer,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  30,  1822,  in 
Livingston  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Illinois  state  senate  in  1869,  and 
served  until  elected  to  the  forty-second 
congress  as  a  republican. 


SNEAD,  THOMAS  LOWNDES,  soldier, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1828,  in 
Henrico  county,  Va.  He  was  a  St.  Louis 
lawyer  who  served  in  the  confederate 
army,  and  after  1865  resumed  his  profes 
sion  in  New  York  city.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Fight  for  Missouri  in  1861. 
He  died  Oct.  17,  1890,  in  New  York  city. 

SNEED.  JOHN  LOUIS  TAYLOR,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  12,  1820,  in  Raleigh, 
N.  C.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Tennessee 
legislature  in  1845;  and  was  captain  of 
a  Tennessee  company  in  the  Mexican  war 
in  1846-47.  He  was  judge  of  the  state 
supreme  court  in  1870-78,  and  of  the 
court  of  arbitration  in  1879,  and  judge 
of  the  state  court  of  referees  in  1883-84. 
In  1888  he  was  chosen  president  of  the 
Memphis  School  of  Law.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Reports  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Tennessee,  1854-59. 

SNEED,  WILLIAM  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1855  to  1857. 

SNELLING,  HENRY  HUNT,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  8,  1817,  in  Plattsburg,  N. 
Y.  He  is  a  writer  living  at  Cornwall, 
N.  Y.,  from  1871,  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  and  Practice  of  Photography;  and 
Dictionary  of  the  Photographic  Art. 

SNELLING,  JOSIAH,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  in  1782,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  distinguished  in  the  battle  of  Tip- 
pecanoe  in  1811;  and  attained  the  rank  of 
colonel.  He  was  the  author  of  Remarks 
on  General  Hull's  Memoirs.  He  died  Aug. 
20,  1829,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SNELLING,  WILLIAM  JOSEPH,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1804,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Bos 
ton;  and  the  author  of  The  Polar  Regions 
of  the  Western  Continent  Explored; 
Truth:  a  Satirical  Poem;  and  Six  Months 
in  a  House  of  Correction.  He  died  Dec. 
24,  1848,  in  Chelsea,  Mass. 

SNETHEN,  NICHOLAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1769,  in  Glen  Cove, 
L.  I.  He  was  a  methodist  itinerant  preach 
er,  active  in  the  formation  of  the  meth 
odist  protestant  denomination;  and  the 
author  of  Preaching  the  Gospel;  Lay  Rep 
resentation;  and  Lectures  on  Biblical  Sub 
jects.  He  died  May  30,  1845,  in  Princeton, 
Ind. 

SNIDER,  DENTON  JAQUES,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1841,  in  Mt.  Gil- 
ead,  Ohio.  He  is  a  literary  lecturer  of  St. 
Louis;  and  the  author  of  System  of 
Shakespeare's  Dramas;  A  Walk  in  Hel 
las;  Delphic  Days,  an  idyl  in  the  elegiac 
distich;  Agamemnon's  Daughter,  a  classic 
romantic  poem;  An  Epigrammatic  Voy 
age;  Goethe's  Faust:  a  Commentary;  and 
The  Shakespearean  Drama. 

SNIDER,  SAMUEL  PRATHER,  soldier, 
agriculturist,  manufacturer,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1845, 
in  Mt.  Gilead,  Ohio. 
He  enlisted  as  a  pri 
vate  soldier  in  the 
sixty-fifth  Ohio  vol 
unteer  infantry; 
served  with  his  regi 
ment  in  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  Georgia, 
Alabama, and  Missis 
sippi;  and  was 
wounded  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Stone  River, 
and  severely  wound 
ed  and  taken  prison 
er  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  He  serv 
ed  in  West  Tennessee  as  captain  in  the 
thirteenth  United  States  colored  infantry. 
He  moved  to  Minnesota  in  1876;  or 
ganized  and  built  the  Midland  railway; 


and  is  engaged  in  farming,  mining,  and 
manufacturing  in  Minneapolis.  He  served 
in  the  Minnesota  legislature  from  1884  to 
1888;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican. 

SNIVELY,  WILLIAM  ANDREW,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1833  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman 
of  Louisville;  and  the  author  of  Family 
Prayers  for  the  Christian  Year;  Testi 
monies  to  the  Supernatural;  Parish  Lec 
tures  on  the  Prayer  Book;  Esthetics  in 
Worship;  and  The  Oberammergau  Pas 
sion  Play. 

SNODGRASS,  HENRY  C.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  in  1848  in  White  county, 
Tenn.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  law 
in  Sparta,  Tenn.,  which  he  still  continues. 
He  was  attorney-general  of  the  fifth  ju 
dicial  circuit  for  eight  years;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second  and  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

SNODGRASS,  JOHN  FRYALL,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  2,  1804,  in 
Berkeley  county,  Va.  He  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  and  practiced  in  Parkersburg, 
Va.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Virginia  from  1853  to  1854.  He  died 
June  5,  1854,  in  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 

SNOVER,  HORACE  G.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1847,  in 
Romeo,  Mich.  He  was  probate  judge  of 
Huron  county,  Mich.,  from  1881  to  1885; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

SNOW,   ALVIN   LINCOLN,   clergyman, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  29,   1862,   in 
Ellison,  111.    He  has  attained  success  as  a 
,    clergyman,    and    has 
filled     pastorates    in 
'    various    churches    in 
the    western    states. 
He   is  the  author  of 
Songs   of   the   White 
VT     "  Mountains  and  Other 

w  .  Poems,  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively 
to  current  literature. 
He  now  fills  a  pasto 
rate  in  his  church  at 
Lenox, Iowa;  and  has 
filled  many  of  the 
most  important  offices  in  the  gift  of  his 
denomination. 

SNOW,  ANNA  LE  CONTE  BROOKS, 
president  of  Daughters  of  the  Revolution, 
was  born  Sept.  25,  1855,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  She  is  a  graduate  of  Vassar  col 
lege,  and  the  honored  president  of  the 
Daughters  of  the  Revolution. 

SNOW,  ARTHUR  H.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  in  1841  in  Clinton,  Mich. 
He  has  been  county  attorney  of  Winona 
county,  Minn.;  mayor  of  Winona;  and 
president  of  the  board  of  education.  In 
1896  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Min 
nesota  state  legislature. 

SNOW,  CALEB  HOPKINS,  physician, 
author,  was  born  April  1,  1796,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  physician  who 
published  A  History  of  Boston;  and  Ge 
ography  of  Boston  and  Adjacent  Towns. 
He  died  July  6,  1835,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SNOW,  ELBRIDGE  GERRY,  under 
writer,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1841,  in  Water- 
bury,  Conn.  He  read  law  in  an  office  in 
his  native  city;  and  in  1862  entered  the 
New  York  office  of  the  Home  Insurance 
company,  of  which  he  became  the  Massa 
chusetts  general  agent  in  1873.  In  1885 
he  was  appointed  assistant  secretary  in 
the  New  York  office;  and  three  years  later 
was  elected  a  director  and  vice-president 
of  the  company,  which  positions  he  still 
fills.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Geological  society,  and  various  other  or 
ganizations. 


870 


HERR1NGSHAWS     EN'C  YCLOPED1A     OP     AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SNOW,  FRANCIS  HUNTINGTON,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  scientist,  was 
born  June  29,  1840,  in  Fitchburg.  Mass. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Williams 
college,  Ando\er  Theological  seminary, 
and  the  Agassiz  School  of  Natural  His 
tory,  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  Ph. 
D.  and  LL.  D.  He  has  been  principal  of 
the  high  school  of  Fitchburg,  Mass.;  in 
1866-70  was  professor  of  mathematics  and 
natural  science  in  the  university  of  Kan 
sas;  and  professor  of  natural  history  in 
the  same  institution  during  1870-89.  Since 
that  time  he  has  been  professor  of  botany 
and  entomology  in  the  university  of  Kan 
sas,  and  president  and  chancellor  of  that 
institution  since  1890.  He  is  eminently 
successful  as  a  lecturer,  and  a  thorough 
believer  in  the  doctrines  of  evolution.  He 
has  been  an  enthusiastic  scientist;  has 
made  frequent  excursions  upon  the  plains 
and  into  the  mountains  of  Colorado  and 
New  Mexico,  which  have  resulted  in  valu 
able  additions  to  the  Zoological,  Botanical, 
Entomological,  and  Paleontological  mu 
seums.  He  has  discovered  many  new  spe 
cies  of  insects,  a  score  of  which  have  been 
named  in  his  honor. 

SNOW,  HERMAN  W.,  lawyer,  educator, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
July  3,  1836,  in  La  Porte  county,  Ind.  He 
Eerved  in  most  of  the  southern  states,  and 
was  provost-marshal-general  of  Georgia 
on  Major-General  Steedman's  staff.  At 
the  expiration  of  service  he  resumed 
teaching  in  the  Chicago  High  school  for 
three  years.  He  was  elected  to  the  Illi 
nois  legislature;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

SNOW,  JOHN  F.,  educator,  orator,  was 
born  June  17,  1854,  in  Portland,  Ind.  After 
ten  years  devoted  to  the  work  of  student 
and  teacher  in  the 
various  school  grades 
he  attained  the  de 
gree  of  bachelor  of 
science.  In  1883  he 
was  chosen  county 
superintendent  o  f 
Adams  county,  Ind., 
and  has  since  been 
I  five  times  re-elected 
|  to  the  same  position. 
As  a  member  of  the 
Indiana  County  Su 
perintendents'  asso 
ciation  he  has  served  on  various  educa 
tional  committees,  and  in  1890  was  chosen 
president  of  the  association.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature 
on  educational  topics;  and  is  the  author 
of  a  biographical  work. 

SNOW,  LORENZO,  was  born  April  3, 
1814,  in  Mantua,  Ohio.  In  1893  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  twelve  apostles 
of  the  Mormon  church.  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah,  which  office  he  still  holds. 

SNOW,  MARSHALL  SOLOMON,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1842,  in 
Hyannis,  Mass.  He  is  a  professor  of  his 
tory  in  Washington  university;  and  the 
author  of  The  City  Government  of  St. 
l^ouis. 

SNOW,  WILLIAM  DUNHAM,  soldier, 
lawyer,  poet,  inventor,  was  born  Feb.  2, 
1832,  in  Webster,  Mass.  Since  his  gradu 
ation  at  Columbia  Law  school  in  1876  he 
has  practiced  in  New  York  city  and  in  the 
federal  courts.  He  has  invented  a  success 
ful  carburettor,  a  gas-regulator,  a  thermo- 
static  apparatus  for  the  maintenance  of 
equal  heat  for  furnaces  and  steam  appara 
tus,  and  a  system  for  fac-simile  telegraphy. 
He  is  the  author  of  several  anti-slavery 
poems,  and  has  contributed  to  magazines. 

SNOW,  WILLIAM  W.,  congressman, 
\vas  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  removed 


to  New  York;  and  was  elected  a  represen- 
tathe  from  that  state  to  the  thirty-second 
congress. 

SNOW.  ZERUBBABEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  the  territory  of 
Utah;  and  in  1850  was  appointed  a  judge 
of  the  United  States  court  for  that  dis 
trict. 

SNOWDEN,  ARCHIBALD  LOUDON, 
inventor,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1837,  in  Cum 
berland  county.  Pa.  He  was  made  register 
of  the  United  States  mint  on  May  7,  1857; 
became  chief  coiner  on  Oct.  1,  1866,  and  in 
1877-79  was  postmaster  of  Philadelphia. 
In  1879-85  he  was  superintendent  of  the 
mint,  and  in  1878  he  declined  the  office  of 
general  director  of  all  the  mints  in  the 
United  States. 

SNOWDEN,  DAVID  HAROLD,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
April  25,  1842,  in  Fairview  C.  H.,  W.  Va. 
He  has  attained  emi 
nence  as  a  clergy 
man  of  the  congrega 
tional  church;  has 
filled  pastorates  in 
various  cities,  and 
now  fills  a  pastorate 
in  Nickerson,  Kan. 
He  has  received  the 
degrees  of  M.  D.,  Ph. 
D.,D.  D..LL.  D.,  F.R. 
S.,  and  is  a  member  of 
many  learned  bodies. 
For  many  years  he 

taught  Hebrew  and  Greek;  is  a  brilliant 
lecturer;  and  the  author  of  Is  Man  a 
Creation;  The  Seven  Most  Prominent  of 
the  Twenty-Five  Bibles  of  the  World; 
God's  Hand  in  American  History,  and 
other  works.  In  1898  he  was  appointed  as 
sistant  surgeon-general  of  the  western  de 
partment,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  in  the 
regular  army. 

SNOWDEN, JAMES  ROSS,  numismatist, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  in  1810  in 
Chester,  Pa.  He  was  speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of  Pennsylvania  from 
1842  to  1844.  He  was  state  treasurer  from 
1845  to  1847;  was  treasurer  of  the  United 
States  mint  from  1847  to  1850,  and  director 
of  the  same  from  1853  to  1861.  He  pub 
lished  Descriptions  of  Coins  in  the  United 
States  Mint;  Description  of  Medals  in 
the  United  States  Mint;  The  Mint  at 
Philadelphia;  Coins  of  the  Bible;  and 
The  Corn  Planter  Memorial.  He  was  also 
the  author  of  the  Articles  on  Coins  of  the 
I'nited  States  in  the  National  Almanac  of 
1873,  and  many  pamphlets  on  the  subject. 
He  died  March  21,  1878,  in  HulmeUlle,  Pa. 
SNYDER,  ADAM  CLARK,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  March  26,  1834,  in  High 
land  county,  Va.  For  nine  years  he  was 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  West  Vir 
ginia. 

SNYDER,  ADAM  W.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1801.  He  fre 
quently  served  in  the  state  legislature  of 
Illinois;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1837  to  1839. 
He  died  May  14,  1842,  in  Belleville,  111. 

SNYDER,  CHARLES  PHILIP,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  9,  1847,  near 
Charleston,  W.  Va.  He  was  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Kanawha  county,  W. 
Va.,  in  1876;  was  re-elected  in  1880,  and 
continued  to  serve  until  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  West  Virginia  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

SNYDER,  ELMORE  WILLIAM,  banker, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Nov.  23.  1850, 
in  Wayne  county,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Manufacturers'  National  bank 
of  Lea^enworth,  Kan.;  and  president  of 
the  Leavenworth  Terminal  railway. 


SNYDER,  GREELEY  B.,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  May  8,  1860,  in  Henry 
county.  111.  He  studied  medicine  in  the 
medical  department  of  the  university  of 
Michigan,  and  at  the  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  college  of  New  York  city,  from 
which  institution  he  graduated  in  1885. 
He  has  attained  success  in  his  profession, 
and  is  one  of  the  leading  physicians  and 
surgeons  of  Iowa  at  Rock  Valley. 

SNYDER,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  a 
tepresentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1841  to  1843. 

SNYDER,  MARTIN  L.,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  3,  1858,  near  Sunbury,  Pa.  He 
attended  the  university  of  Selin's  Grove, 
Pa.;  then  took  a  scientific  course  at  the 
State  Normal  school  at  Bloomsburg,  Pa., 
finishing  his  education  at  the  Princeton 
college  of  New  Jersey.  For  several  years 
he  was  connected  with  the  Augusta  bank 
of  his  nathe  city,  and  is  now  a  prominent 
attorney  and  real  estate  dealer. 

SNYDER,  OLIVER  P.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1833,  in 
Missouri.  He  was  a  member  of  the  gen 
eral  assembly  of  Arkansas  in  1864  and 
1865;  and  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention  in  1867.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1868;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  state  senate  for 
four  years;  and  was  appointed  one  of  the 
three  commissioners  to  revise  and  rear 
range  the  statutes  of  Arkansas.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Arkansas  to 
the  forty-second  and  forty-third  con 
gresses;  and  in  1875  was  appointed  post 
master  of  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 

SNYDER,  SIMON,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  5, 
1759,  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  several 
years  speaker  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives  of  Pennsyhania;  and  in  1818  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate.  He  was 
governor  of  Pennsylvania  from  1808  to 
1817.  He  died  Nov.  9,  1819,  in  Selin's 
Grove,  Pa. 

SNYDER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  artist, 
was  born  Feb.  28,  1830,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
He  studied  in  Paris;  has  attained  promi 
nence  as  a  painter;  and  is  curator  of  the 
Brooklyn  Art  school. 

SNYDER.  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  June  29,  1858,  in 
Belleville,  111.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  city,  and  attended  Washington 
university  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  an 
able  lawyer  of  Belleville,  111.;  has  been 
city  attorney;  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
of  the  thirty-eighth  and  thirty-ninth  Illi 
nois  general  assemblies.  He  is  now  mas 
ter  in  chancery  of  his  county;  secretary 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Illinois 
Historical  library;  and  is  prominent  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

SOLEY.  JAMES  RUSSELL,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1850,  in  Roxbury, 
Mass.  He  is  an  educator,  professor  at  the 
Naval  academy  in  1871-82,  and  lecturer  on 
international  law  at  Newport  Naval  col 
lege  from  1885.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Rescue  of  Greeley;  Foreign  Systems  of 
Education;  The  Blockade  and  the  Cruis 
ers;  The  Boys  of  1812  and  Other  Naval 
Heroes;  History  of  the  Naval  Academy; 
and  The  Sailor  Boys  of  '61. 

SOLLERS,  AUGUSTUS  R..  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
his  nathe  state  from  1841  to  1843,  and 
again  from  1853  to  1855.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1856. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPEIY. 


871 


SOLOMON,  EDWARD,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Wisconsin  from  1861  to 
1863. 

SOMERBY,  FREDERIC  THOMAS,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1814,  in  Newbury- 
port.  He  was  for  many  years  a  corres 
pondent  of  the  Boston  Post  and  the  Spirit 
of  the  Times,  and  published,  under  the 
name  of  Cymon,  Hits  and  Dashes,  or  a 
Medley  of  Sketches  and  Scraps  touching 
People  and  Things.  He  died  Jan.  18,  1871, 
in  Worcester,  Mass. 

SOMERBY.  HORATIO  GATES,  genealo 
gist,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1805,  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
England  Historic-Genealogical  society,  to 
whose-  publications  he  contributed  valua 
ble  papers,  and  a  large  quantity  of  his 
unpublished  material  is  in  possession  of 
the  Massachusetts  Historical  society,  with 
which  he  had  been  connected  since  1859. 
He  died  Nov.  14,  1872,  in  London,  Eng 
land. 

SOMERS,  PETER  J.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  12,  1850,  in  Menomi- 
nee,  Wis.  In  1882  he  was  elected  attorney 
of  the  city  of  Milwaukee,  and  served  two 
years;  and  in  1890  was  elected  to  the 
common  council,  and  upon  its  organiza 
tion  was  elected  president.  He  was  ap 
pointed  trustee  of  the  Public  library;  and 
in  1890  was  elected  mayor  of  the  city  of 
Milwaukee,  and  was  re-elected  in  1892.  At 
the  special  election  held  in  1893  to  fill  a 
vacancy  he  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

SOMERVILLE,  HENDERSON  MIDDLE- 
TON,  journalist,  jurist,  was  born  March  23, 
1837,  in  Madison  county,  Va.  In  1860  he 
became  editor  of  the  Memphis  Appeal; 
and  in  1880  he  was  appointed  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Alabama, 
serving  for  twelve  years,  and  in  1890  he 
was  appointed  United  States  general  ap 
praiser. 

SOMERVILLE,  WILLIAM  CLARKE, 
public  official,  author,  was  born  March  25, 
1790,  in  St.  Mary's  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
writer  who  was  appointed  minister  to 
Sweden,  but  died  before  reaching  there 
and  was  buried  at  the  Marquis  Lafay 
ette's  home  at  Lagrange.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Letters  from  Paris  on  the  Causes 
of  the  French  Revolution.  He  died  Jan. 
5,  1826,  in  France. 

SOMES,  DANIEL  E.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  from  Maine  in  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  From  1855  to  1857 
he  was  mayor  of  Biddeford,  Maine;  and 
from  1856  to  1858  was  president  of  the  City 
bank  of  that  city.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  peace  congress  of  1861;  and  subse 
quently  settled  in  Washington  as  a  claim 
agent. 

SOMMERS,  CHARLES  GEORGE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  4,  1793, 
in  England.  After  a  six  years'  pastorate 
in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  he  was  called  to  the  charge 
of  the  South  Baptist  church  in  New  York 
city,  where  he  remained  till  his  retirement 
in  1856.  He  published  numerous  contro 
versial  articles  in  defense  of  baptist  doc 
trines,  edited  a  volume  of  Psalms  and 
Hymns,  and  The  Baptist  Library;  and  was 
the  author  of  a  Memoir  of  John  Stanford, 
D.  D.,  with  Selections  from  his  Corres 
pondence.  He  died  Dec.  19,  1868,  in  New 
York  city. 

SONGER,  ABRAM  W.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1832,  near  Xenia, 
111.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  as  second 
and  first  lieutenant  of  the  twenty-first' 
regiment  Illinois  volunteer  infantry  from 
May  10,  1861,  to  May  15,  1865.  He  is  a 
successful  miller  and  grain  dealer  of  Kin- 
mundy,  111.;  has  served  as  city  alderman 


for  several  terms;  has  been  a  member  of 
the  board  of  education;  and  is  now  pres 
ident  of  the  board  of  education  and  Kin- 
mundy  graded  schools. 

SONNTAG,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1786  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  went  to 
Russia  in  1815,  entered  the  military  ser 
vice,  and  with  the  allied  army  entered 
Paris.  He  became  a  general  in  the  Rus 
sian  army  and  an  admiral  in  the  navy. 
He  died  March  23,  1841,  in  Russia. 

SONNTAG,  WILLIAM  LOUIS,  artist, 
was'born  March  2,  1822,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
In  1823  his  parents  moved  to  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  and  he  receiv 
ed  a  thorough  edu 
cation  in  the  Kin- 
mont  school  in  that 
city.  In  1848  he 
opened  a  studio  in 
Cincinnati,  and  was 
entirely  a  self-taught 
artist.  In  1853  he 
made  his  first  visit 
to  Europe;  and  has 
since  spent  two  years 
in  Florence  studying 
art.  In  1854  he  moved 
to  New  York  city,  where  he  has  attained 
success  as  an  eminent  landscape  painter. 
Since  1S61  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
National  Academy  of  Design;  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Water-Color  society; 
the  Artist  Fund  society,  and  various  other 
institutions.  His  most  notable  pictures 
are  Progress  of  Civilization;  Spirit  of 
Solitude;  E\angeline;  and  A  Dream  of 
Italy. 

SOPER,  ERASTUS  BURROWS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  business  man,  was  born  Sept.  15, 
1841,  in  Pitcher.  N.  Y.  During  1857-61  he 
attended  the  Western 
college;  Cornell  col 
lege  during  1865-68, 
and  subsequently  re 
ceived  from  the  lat 
ter  institution  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he 
served  as  private, 
sergeant,  second  lieu 
tenant,  first  lieuten 
ant,  and  captain  in 
the  first  and  twelfth 
regiments  Iowa  vol 
unteer  infantry.  He  has  resided  in  Iowa 
since  1847,  and  is  an  able  lawyer  and  busi 
ness  man  of  Emmetsburg.  He  has  been  di 
rector,  vice-president  and  president  of  a 
large  number  of  banking  and  other  corpo 
rations;  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Iowa 
Society  Sons  of  the  American  Revolu 
tion;  is  prominent  in  fraternal  orders; 
and  for  twenty  years  has  been  an  active 
and  influential  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  Cornell  college. 

SOPHOCLES,  EVANGELINUS  APOS- 
TOLIDES,  scholar,  educator,  auiuor,  was 
born  March  8,  1807,  in  Greece.  He  was  a 
Greek  scholar  of  distinction,  and  professor 
at  Harvard  unhersity  in  1849-83.  His  chief 
work  is  a  Greek  Lexicon  of  the  Roman 
and  Byzantine  Periods;  and  among  his 
other  publications  are  Greek  Grammar  for 
Learners;  and  History  of  the  Greek  Al 
phabet.  He  died  Dec.  17,  1883,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

SOPRIS,  WILLIAM  ROBERT,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1869,  in 
Trinidad,  Colo.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Denver  university,  and  graduated 
from  the  Columbia  Law  school  of  New 
York.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  his 
native  city,  and  served  with  distinction 
as  a  member  of  the  Colorado  legislature 
tn  1895-97.  He  was  the  youngest  member 
of  the  house,  and  served  on  several  im 
portant  committees. 


SORG,  PAUL  J.,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1840,  in 
Wheeling,  W.  Va.  He  began  the  manu 
facture  of  tobacco 
on  a  small  scale  in 
Cincinnati,  and  his 
manufactory,  now  lo 
cated  at  Middletown, 
Ohio,  is  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  world 
and  employs  more 
than  a  thousand  men. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-third  con 
gress  as  a  democrat 
at  a  special  election 
held  in  1894  to  fill  a 
\acancy.  At  the  November  (1894)  elec 
tion  he  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  being 
one  of  the  two  democratic  representatives 
elected  from  Ohio,  being  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

SOR1N,      EDWARD,     clergyman,      was 
born  in  1814  in  France.     He  was  the  first 
president  of  Notre  Dame  college,  and  con 
tinued  in  office  until 
1865.       One      of      its 
beautiful  halls  which 
is    adorned     with    a 
life-sized   portrait  of 
Washington         was 
named  and  dedicated 
•   in      his      honor      by 
^^        Father      Sorin,      and 
H|   Washington's    birth- 
I   day  is  always  a  gala 
I   day   at   Notre   Dame. 

•V  .it  MM  The  Avo  Maria.  :i 
widely  known  religi 
ous  journal,  was  started  by  Father  Sorin, 
who  was  its  editor  for  a  number  of  years; 
and  he  has  contributed  extensively  to 
catholic  publications. 

SOSSO.  LORENZO,  merchant,  poet,  was 
born  March  2,  1867,  in  Italy.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  merchant  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.; 
and  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  A  New  Poet. 

SOTHERAN,  ALICE  HYNEMAN,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1840,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  She  has  attained  promi 
nence  as  a  constant  contributor  of  prose 
and  verse  to  current  magazines  and  news 
papers,  including  the  North  American  Re 
view,  the  Forum,  and  the  Popular  Science 
Monthly.  She  is  the  author  of  Woman  in 
Industry;  and  also  a  work  entitled  Nia 
gara,  a  finely  illustrated  and  popular 
work.  She  first  married  Mr.  Henry  Rhine, 
and  is  now  the  wife  of  Charles  Sotheran, 
the  eminent  journalist  and  bibliographer 
of  New  York  city. 

SOTHERAN,  CHARLES,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  8,  1847,  in  Surrey, 
England.  In  1876  he  began  his  first  active 
work  on  the  Metropolitan  Daily  Press; 
first  on  the  New  York  World;  then  the 
New  York  Sun,  and  subsequently  became 
associate  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  New 
York  Echo.  He  has  been  literary  editor  of 
the  New  York  Recorder  and  New  York 
Star;  Export  and  Finance,  Sunny  side 
Press,  Nym  Crinkle's  Feuilleton,  Advo 
cate,  Dramatic  World,  etc.:  and  the  au 
thor  of  Horace  Greeley  and  Other  Pio 
neers  of  American  Socialism;  The  Thea 
ters  of  New  York;  Percy  Bysshe  Shelley 
as  a  Philosopher  and  Reformer,  and  other 
works. 

SOUDER,  CASPER,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  8,  1819,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
In  1853  he  became  associated  with  the 
Evening  Bulletin  of  Philadelphia, of  which 
he  was  afterward  an  editor  and  part  pro 
prietor  till  his  death.  His  History  of 
Chestnut  Street,  which  was  published  se 
rially,  has  been  praised  for  trustworthi 
ness  and  originality  of  treatment.  He  died 
Oct.  21,  1868,  in  Philadelphia. 


872 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SOULE,  MRS.  CAROLINE  AUGUSTA 
[WHITE],  missionary,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  3.  1824,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  She  is  the 
widow  of  a  universalist  minister;  she  en 
tered  the  ministry  herself,  was  the  first 
foreign  missionary  of  that  denomination, 
and  in  1888  was  in  charge  of  a  congrega 
tion  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  She  is  the 
author  of  House  Life;  The  Pet  of  the 
Settlement;  and  Wine  or  Water. 

SOULE,  GEORGE,  educator,  author, 
president  of  Soule's  college,  was  born  May 
14,  1834,  in  Barrington,  N.  Y.  He  received 
his  education  at  the 
Sycamore  academy, 
Illinois,  and  the  Med 
ical,  Law  and  Com 
mercial  schools  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  In  1856 
he  established  Soule's 
Commercial  College 
and  Literary  insti 
tute  of  New  Orleans. 
La.,  which  has  grown 
to  he  one  of  the  lead 
ing  educational  In 
stitutions  in  the 
state.  During  the  forty  years  the  Soule 
college  has  been  in  existence,  over  ten 
thousand  pupils  have  been  taught  within 
its  walls.  In  1862  he  entered  the  military 
service  of  the  confederate  states  as  cap 
tain  of  company  A,  Crescent  regiment 
Louisiana  volunteers  of  New  Orleans,  and 
served  through  the  war.  As  a  lecturer  on 
commercial  sciences  and  sociology,  Pro 
fessor  Soule  is  well  known  to  every  young 
man  in  New  Orleans,  and  to  educators 
north  and  south.  He  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  works  on  practical  mathematics  and 
accounting.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
International  Business  College  associa 
tion  and  Business  Educators'  association 
of  America;  and  is  prominent  in,  various 
social,  scientific  and  educational  organiza 
tions. 

SOULE,  HARRISON,  soldier,  financier, 
was  born  Aug.  4,  1832,  in  Orleans  county, 
N.  Y.  He  served  with  distinction  through 
the  war,  and  was  promoted  major.  For 
sixteen  years  he  has  been  ticket  agent  for 
the  Michigan  Central  railroad;  and  is  the 
treasurer  of  the  university  of  Michigan. 

SOULE,  JOSHUA,  bishop,  was  born  Aug. 
1,  1781,  in  Bristol,  Maine.  In  1824  he  was 
elected  methodist  episcopal  bishop  in  New 
York  and  then  in  Baltimore.  He  died 
March  6,  1867.  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

SOULE,  NATHAN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1831  to  1833;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  state  assembly  from  Onon- 
daga  In  1837. 

SOULE,  PIERRE,  journalist,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  Sep 
tember,  1802,  in  France.  He  was  a  dis 
tinguished  lawyer  of  New  Orleans,  La.; 
in  1845  was  elected  to  the  state  senate;  in 
1847  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
United  States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
two  years  later  was  elected  for  a  full  term. 
He  died  March  26.  1870,  in  New  Orleans, 
La. 

SOULE,  RICHARD,  lexicographer,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  8,  1812,  in  Danbury, 
Mass.  He  was  a  lexicographer  of  Boston; 
and  the  author  of  Manual  of  English  Pro 
nunciation;  Dictionary  of  English  Syn 
onyms;  and  Pronouncing  Handbook.  He 
died  Dec.  25,  1877,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

SOUTH,  JERRY  CURTIS,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  lieutenant-governor,  was  born 
March  24,  1866,  in  Arkansas.  He  attended 
the  Kentucky  Military  institute,  the  uni 
versity  of  Louisville,  and  the  university 
of  Virginia.  He  has  served  three  times 
as  a  member  of  the  house  of  representa 


tives  of  Arkansas;  has  been  a  member  of 
the  state  senate,  and  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  lieutenant-governor.  In  1892  and 
in  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
democratic  convention;  and  has  filled  va 
rious  other  public  positions  of  honor.  He 
is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Arkan 
sas  at  Mountain  Home.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  genealogical  work  on  the  South  fam 
ily. 

SOUTHARD,  HENRY,  soldier,  agricul 
turist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
bcrn  in  October,  1749,  in  Long  Island,  N. 
Y.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war;  and  after  the  adoption  of 
the  constitution  served  nine  years  in  the 
state  legislature.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1801  to 
1811,  and  from  1815  to  1821.  He  died  June 
2,  1842,  in  Baskinridge,  N.  J. 

SOUTHARD,  ISAAC,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1831  to  1833.  He  died 
Sept.  18,  1850. 

SOUTHARD,  JAMES  HARDiNG,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1851, 
in  Lucas  county,  Ohio.  In  1882  he  was 
appointed  assistant 
prosecuting  .attorney 
of  Lucas  county;  and 
afterward  was  twice 
elected  prosecuting 
attorney  of  said 
county  and  served  in 
that  office  six  years. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth,  and 
re-elected  to  the  fif 
ty-fifth  congress  as  a 

republican.     He   has 

attained    success    as 

one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ohio  at 
Toledo,  where  he  is  also  prominent  in 
public  affairs. 

SOUTHARD,  MILTON  ISAIAH,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1836,  in 
Licking  county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
attorney  for  Muskingum  county,  Ohio,  in 
1867,  1869,  and  1871.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-third 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fourth  and  forty-fifth  congresses  as  a  dem 
ocrat. 

SOUTHARD,  SAMUEL  LEWIS,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  governor,  was  born 
June  9,  1787,  in  Baskinridge,  N.  J.  In 
1815  he  was  elected  to  the  New  Jersey 
legislature,  and  in  a  week  after  taking  his 
seat  was  placed  on  the  bench  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  New  Jersey.  In  1820  he 
was  a  presidential  elector;  and  in  1821 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress.  In  1823 
he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  navy. 
In  1830  he  was  elected  attorney-general  of 
New  Jersey;  and  in  1832  was  governor  of 
the  state.  In  1833  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate,  and  served 
until  1842;  and  on  the  death  of  President 
Harrison  became  the  president  of  the  sen 
ate.  He  died  June  26,  1842,  in  Fredericks- 
burg,  Va. 

SOUTHGATE,  HORATIO,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  5,  1812,  in  Portland 
Maine.  He  was  the  first  and  only  pro- 
testant  episcopal  bishop  of  Constantinople. 
He  was  consecrated  in  1844,  but  resigned 
his  office  in  1850,  and  held  various  rector 
ships  subsequently,  including  that  of  Zion 
church.  New  York  city,  in  1859-72,  in 
which  latter  year  he  retired  from  active 
duties.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Cross 
Above  the  Crescent;  Parochial  Sermons; 
Narrative  of  a  Tour  Through  Armenia, 
etc.;  The  War  in  the  East;  and  Practical 
Directions  for  the  Observance  of  Lent.  He 
died  in  1894. 

SOUTHGATE,  WILLIAM  W.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a 


representative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1837  to  1839;  and  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1840  and  1844. 

SOUTHWICK,  GEORGE  N.,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  March  7,  1863,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  made  editor  of 
the  Albany  Evening  Journal  in  1889.  He 
was  elected  from  New  York  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

SOUTHWORTH,  MRS.  EMMA  DORO 
THY  ELIZA  [NEVITTE].  author,  was 
born  Dee.  26,  1819,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
She  is  a  voluminous  writer  of  sensational 
romances,  mainly  of  southern  life  and 
some  sixty  in  number,  for  many  years  a 
resident  of  Washington,  but  since  1876  of 
Yonkers,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of  Ish- 
mael;  The  Widow's  Son;  Retribution; 
and  The  Family  Doom. 

SOUTH-WORTH,  MRS.  GRACIA,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  6,  1833,  in  Worcester  coun 
ty,  Mass.  She  has  contributed  extensively 
both  prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical 
press  of  Michigan. 

SOUTHWORTH,  NATHANIEL,  artist, 
was  born  in  1806  in  Scituate,  Mass.  He 
took  a  high  rank  in  Boston,  where  he  es 
tablished  himself  as  a  miniature-painter, 
his  portraits  being  characterized  by  accu 
rate  drawing  and  very  delicate  execution. 
In  1848  he  visited  Europe,  and  after  his  re 
turn  practiced  his  profession  in  New  York 
and  Philadelphia.  He  died  April  25,  1858, 
in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

SOUTHWORTH,  ROYAL  A.,  farmer, 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1845,  in 
Litchfield,  Mich.  For  many  years  he  was 
a  member  of  the  general  assembly  of  Colo- 
redo;  and  for  twelve  years  was  a  member 
of  the  state  board  of  agriculture.  In  1888 
he  was  a  nominee  of  the  union  labor  party 
for  congress. 

SOUVIELLE,  MRS.  E.  M.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  central  New  York.     She  has 
traveled   extensively  in  Europe  and  is  a 
close  student.    Under 
the  nom  de  plume  of 
Eben    Malcolm    Sut- 
cliffe    she    published 
a   work   entitled   Se 
quel    to    the    Parlia 
ment     of    Religions. 
She  is  a  poet  of  rare 
genius,   and    the  au 
thor  of  The  Ulyssiad, 
an    American     Epic. 
Her   last   work   is   a 
book      upon      Cuba, 
*   written  originally  in 
for  her  purpose,  and  of 
which  she  is  the  English  editor  and  trans 
lator.     She   is   the   wife   of   Dr.    Mathieu 
Souvielle,  an  eminent  surgeon  and  scient 
ist  of  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

SOUVIELLE,  MATHIEU,  physician, 
surgeon,  scientist,  was  born  in  1851  in 
Paris,  France.  He  received  his  education 
in  Paris  and  Berlin. 
For  many  years  he 
was  a  surgeon  in  the 
French  army,  and  he 
was  thanked  by  the 
French  government 
for  his  services  dur 
ing  the  Prussian  war. 
He  then  became  a 
'  demonstrator  o  f 
anatomy  in  London, 
England.  He  is  now 
vice-president  of  a 
large  syndicate  for 
the  mining  and  manufacture  of  aluminum, 
with  headquarters  at  Jacksonville,  Fla.  He 
speaks  six  languages;  and  is  very  greatly 
interested  in  literary  work,  having  con 
tributed  a  number  of  articles  to  medical 
and  scientific  journals. 


Spanish 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


873 


SOWDEN,  W.  H.,  congressman.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-ninth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

SOWER,  CHRISTOPHER,  physician, 
printer,  was  born  in  1693  in  Germany.  In 
1738  he  issued  a  German  almanac  in  Ger- 
n:antown,  Pa.,  which  was  continued  by  his 
descendants  until  1798.  In  1739  he  began 
the  publication  of  a  religious  and  secular 
journal;  and  in  1743  published  a  quarto 
edition  of  the  Biljle  in  German.  He  died 
Sept.  25,  175?,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 

SPAETH,  ADOLPH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  29,  1839,  in  Germany.  He 
is  a  prominent  Lutheran  clergyman  of 
Philadelphia,  pastor  of  St.  John's  church 
from  1867;  and  the  author  of  Die  Evan- 
gelien  des  Kirchenjahrs;  Brosamen  von 
des  Herrn  Tische;  Saarkbrner;  Luther  in 
Lied  seiner  Zeitgenossen;  Phoebe  the  Dea 
coness;  Liederlust;  Faith  and  Life  Repre 
sented  by  Luther;  and  Annotations  on  the 
Gospel  according  to  St.  John. 

SPAHR,  CHARLES  BARZILLAI,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1860  in  Ohio. 
He  is  a  political  economist,  associate  edi 
tor  of  The  Outlook  from  1886 ;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Distribution  of  American 
Wealth. 

SPAIGHT,  RICHARD  D.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  March  25, 
1758,  in  New  Berne,  N.  C.  In  1781  he 
•entered  the  house  of  commons  of  North 
•Carolina;  from  1782  to  1874  was  a  member 
•of  the  continental  congress,  and  also  dur 
ing  the  years  1785  and  1786.  He  was  one 
of  the  delegates  to  form  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States,  to  which  his  name 
is  appended.  He  was  a  presidential  elect 
or  in  1797;  and  in  1792  was  again  elected 
to  the  local  legislature.  He  was  the  same 
•year  elected  governor  of  North  Carolina; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1798  to  1801,  after  which  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  seriate.  He  died  Sept.  6,  1802, 
in  New  Berne,  N.  C. 

SPAIGHT,  RICHARD  DOBBS,  JR.,  agri- 
•culturist,  state  senator,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1796  in  New  Berne, 
N.  C.  He  served  four  years  in  the  North 
Carolina  state  legislature;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1823  to  1825. 
He  subsequently  served  ten  years  in  the 
state  senate.  He  was  governor  of  North 
Carolina  in  1835  and  1836.  He  died  in 
November,  1850,  in  New  Berne,  N.  C. 

SPALDING,       ALBERT       GOODWILL, 
merchant,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1850,  in  By 
ron,  111.     He  is  the  senior  partner  in  the 
house  of  A.  G.  Spald- 

Qing  and  Brothers, 
which  corporation 
has  a  paid-up  capital 
of  three  million  dol 
lars,  with  branch 
I  houses  in  New  York, 

Philadelphia,  and 
other  cities;  in  all 
fourteen  different 
branches.  In  1895  he 
was  elected  president 
of  the  national  board 
of  trade  of  cycle 

manufacturers.  He  owns  a  subdivision 
of  nearly  one  thousand  acres  just  south  of 
the  city  of  Chicago.  He  is  best  known 
as  the  American  baseball  magnate. 

SPALDING,  BENEDICT  JOSEPH,  cler 
gyman,  bishop,  was  born  April  15,  1812,  in 
Marion  county,  Ky.  In  1847  he  was  called 
to  the  charge  of  the  Cathedral  church  in 
Louisville,  and  was  appointed  vicar-gen 
eral  of  the  diocese.  He  died  Aug.  4,  1868, 
an  Louisville,  Ky. 


SPALDING,  BURLEIGH  FOLSOM,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1853,  in 
Craftsbury,  Vt.    He  received  his  education 
at  the  Lyndon  Liter- 
-     '    ary  institute.  ;nnl  the 
Norwich     university. 
if  In  1882-84  he  was  su- 

f  perintendent  of  pub- 
-±  r,^  \  lie  instruction;  and 
in  1883-87  was  a 
member  of  the  capi 
tal  commission  of 
Dakota  territory  to 
select  a  location  for 
the  capital  and  con 
struct  buildings.  In 
1889  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
North  Dakota,  and  served  on  many  im 
portant  committees.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  joint  commission  of  North  and 
South  Dakota  as  provided  for  by  congress 
to  divide  property  and  archives  of  terri 
tory  of  Dakota  between  the  two  new 
states.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
formation  and  organization  of  the  new 
state;  and  has  always  been  active  in  all 
matters  of  public  interest  and  pertaining 
to  public  welfare.  Since  1880  he  has 
practiced  law  in  Fargo,  N.  D.,  and  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  south.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-sixth  congress. 

SPALDING,  CATHERINE,  first  superior 
of  the  Sisters  of  Charity  of  Nazareth,  was 
born  Dec.  23,  1793,  in  Charles  county,  Md. 
In  1819  she  sent  a  colony  of  sisters  to 
Bardstown,  who  established  the  Bethle 
hem  Day  school,  and  in  1820  St.  Vincent 
convent  was  founded  in  Union  county. 
She  opened  St.  Catherine's  school  in  Scott 
county  in  1823.  It  was  afterward  removed 
to  Lexington,  where  it  still  exists,  and  is 
regarded  as  one  of  the  community's  most 
flourishing  establishments.  The  Academy 
of  the  Presentation  was  opened  in  Louis 
ville  in  1831,  of  which  Mother  Spalding 
took  personal  charge.  She  died  March  20, 
1858,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

SPALDING,  CHARLES  WARREN,  civil 
engineer,  genealogist,  was  born  June  11, 
1843,  in  Nashua,  N.  H.  For  eleven  years 
he  was  connected  with  the  Chicago,  Bur 
lington  and  Quincy  railroad  as  civil  engi 
neer,  land  agent  and  secretary  of  the  land 
department.  He  has  been  identified  with 
various  business  enterprises;  and  he  or 
ganized  the  firm  of  Spalding,  Mitchell  and 
Company,  wholesale  coal  dealers,  of  which 
his  son  is  now  the  senior  member;  and  for 
many  years  he  was  president  of  a  large 
banking  institution.  He  was  actively  in 
terested  in  the  development  of  a  large  ir 
rigation  enterprise  in  Idaho,  which  com 
pany  has  constructed  and  is  now  operat 
ing  one  of  the  most  complete  and  exten 
sive  systems  of  irrigating  canals  in  the 
United  States.  In  1897  he  published  the 
Spalding  Memorial. 

SPALDING,  EUGENE  C.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1862.  In  1889  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  International 
Association  of  Accountants. 

SPALDING,  GEORGE,  soldier,  educa 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  1837  in 
Scotland.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
promoted  to  brevet  brigadier-general.  He 
was  postmaster  of  Monroe  from  1866  to 
1870;  special  agent  of  the  treasury  depart 
ment  from  1871  to  1875;  and  elected  mayor 
of  Monroe,  Mich.,  in  1876,  and  prpsident  of 
the  board  of  education.  In  1876  and  in 
1892  he  was  elected  president.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SPALDING,  GEORGE  BURLEY,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1835,  in 
Montpelier,  Vt.  Since  1885  he  has  been 
pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  of 


Syracuse,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  New  Hamp 
shire  in  1877;  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature,  and  chaplain  of  that  body  in 
1877.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
works,  and  has  contributed  extensively  to 
periodical  literature. 

SPALDING,  HARRIET  MABEL,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  10,  1862,  in  Gloversville,  N. 
Y.  In  1877  she  graduated  from  the  Albany 
Female  academy,  and  won  six  gold  medals 
in  various  branches  of  composition.  She 
is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems,  and 
contributes  both  prose  and  verse  to  cur 
rent  publications. 

SPALDING,  HENRY  HARMON,  clergy 
man,  missionary,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1803, 
in  Bath,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  missionary  to  the 
Indians  for  forty  years  in  Oregon  and  Ida 
ho.  He  crossed  the  Rocky  mountains  in 
1836,  the  trail  that  Fremont  followed  six 
years  later.  He  died  Aug.  3,  1874,  in 
Idaho. 

SPALDING,  JAMES  A.,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1846,  in  Portland, 
Maine.  In  1870  he  graduated  from  the 
medical  department  of  Harvard  univer 
sity,  and  has  practiced  medicine  in  Port 
land  ever  since.  He  has  made  three  voy 
ages  of  study  to  Europe,  and  contributed 
valuable  papers  to  medical  publications. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  standard  work  en 
titled  The  Sympathetic  Diseases  of  the 
Eye. 

SPALDING,  JAMES  REED,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1821,  in  Mont 
pelier,  Vt.  He  established  the  New  York 
World  in  1860.  As  a  journalist  his  vigor 
and  elegance  have  never  been  excelled  by 
a  writer  on  the  city  press.  His  published 
addresses  are  Spiritual  Philosophy  and 
Material  Politics;  and  The  True  Idea  of 
Female  Education.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1872, 
in  Dover,  N.  H. 

SPALDING,  JAMES  WALTER,  was 
born  July  28,  1856,  in  Byron,  111.  In  1876 
he  established  the  well-known  mercantile 
house  of  A.  G.  Spalding  and  Brothers  of 
Chicago,  New  York,  and  Philadelphia, 
manufacturers  and  dealers  in  sporting 
goods. 

SPALDING,  JESSE,  lumber  merchant, 
was  born  April  15,  1833,  in  Athens,  Pa. 
His  purchase  of  timber  lands  in  Wisconsin 
and  Michigan  to  supply  his  mills  have  ag 
gregated  three  hundred  thousand  acres; 
and  he  is  considered  one  of  the  greatest 
lumber  merchants  in  America.  He  built 
and  equipped  the  barracks  of  Camp  Doug 
las  during  the  war;  was  a  personal  friend 
of  Grant  and  gave  counsel  in  many  grave 
exigencies;  and  he  presided  at  the  un 
veiling  of  the  Grant  monument  at  Lincoln 
park,  Chicago.  He  is  a  director  in  many 
large  corporations  of  Chicago;  was  three 
years  in  the  city  council;  and  in  1881  was 
appointed  collector  of  the  port  of  Chicago. 

SPALDING,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  clergy 
man,   bishop,  author,   was  born  Aug.   25, 
1828,  in  Belgrade,  Maine.    In  1858  he  was 
ordained  priest,   and 
in    1873    was    conse 
crated  bishop  of  Col 
orado.     He   is  presi 
dent  of  the  college  of 
St.  John  the  Evange 
list,  which  embraces 
the  Denver  Theologi 
cal      school.      Wolfe 
Hall  School  for  Girls, 
and      Jarvis      Hall 
School  for  Boys.    He 
is  the  author  of  The 
Church  and  its  Apos 
tolic  Ministry;    Jesus  Christ  the  Proof  of 
Christianity;     Manual    of   Prayers;     The 
Threefold  Ministry;    and  other  works. 


874 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SPALDING,  JOHN  LANCASTER,  bish 
op,  author,  poet,  was  born  June  2,  1840,  in 
Lebanon,  Ky.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  Mt.  St.  Mary's 
college  and  the  uni 
versity  of  Louvain, 
Belgium.  In  18b3  he 
was  ordained  and  at 
tached  to  the  cathe 
dral  in  Louisville  as 
assistant.  In  1869  he 
organized  a  congre 
gation  of  colored 
People  and  built  for 
their  use  the  church 
of  St.  Augustine,  of 
which  he  was  ap 
pointed  pastor.  He  was  soon  after  made 
chancellor  of  the  diocese  and  secretary  to 
the  bishop.  In  1873  he  commenced  mis 
sionary  work  in  the  parish  of  St.  Mich 
ael's  in  New  York  city,  and  became  noted 
as  an  eloquent  preacher  and  lecturer. 
When  the  diocese  of  Peoria  was  created 
in  1887  he  was  consecrated  bishop,  and  his 
administration  has  been  marked  by  energy 
and  signal  success.  He  is  the  author  of 
Life  of  Archbishop  Spalding;  Essays  and 
Reviews;  Religious  Mission  of  the  Irish 
People;  and  Lectures  and  Discourses.  He 
is  also  a  poet  of  rare  genius;  and  the  au 
thor  of  America,  and  Other  Poems;  The 
•Poet's  Praise;  Education  and  the  Higher 
Life;  Means  and  Ends  of  Education; 
Things  of  the  Mind;  and  Songs,  chiefly 
from  the  German. 

SPALDING,  LYMAN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  June  5,  1775,  in  Cornish,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  physician  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H., 
subsequently  of  New  York  city;  and  was 
one  of  the  early  advocates  of  vaccination. 
He  was  the  author  of  Reflections  on  Fe 
ver;  and  Reflections  on  Yellow  Fever  Pe 
riods.  He  died  Oct.  31,  1821,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H. 

SPALDING.  MARTIN  JOHN,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  May'  23,  1810,  in  Leba 
non,  Ky.  He  was  a  Roman  catholic  arch- 

. ,  bishop   of   Baltimore 

during  1864-72,  and 
active  as  a  contro 
versialist.  He  was 
the  author  of  Review 
of  D'Aubigne's  His 
tory  of  the  Reforma 
tion;  Modern  Civili 
zation;  Evidences  of 
Catholicity;  Life  of 
Bishop  Flaget;  Early 
Catholic  Missions  in 
Kentucky;  and  Mis 
cellanea.  His  nephew, 
John  Lancaster  Spalding,  wrote  The  Life 
of  Martin  John  Spalding.  He  died  in  1872 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

SPALDING.  RUFUS  PAINE,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  May  3, 
1797,  in  West  Tisbury,  Mass.  In  1839  he 
was  elected  to  the  Ohio  legislature;  was 
re-elected  in  1841,  and  was  speaker  of  the 
house.  In  1849  he  was  elected  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  congresses  as  a 
republican.  He  died  Aug.  27,  1886,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

SPALDING,  SrMON,  soldier,  was  born 
Jan.  16,  1742,  in  Plainfleld,  Conn.  He  was 
a  soldier  in  the  revolutionary  army,  be 
coming  a  lieutenant  in  1776,  and  being 
promoted  to  captain  in  1778.  In  1783  he 
moved  to  Shesequin,  Bradford  county, 
Pa.,  the  upper  part  ot  the  Wyoming  set 
tlement,  where  he  rose  through  the  vari 
ous  gradea  to  general  of  militia.  He  died 
Jan.  24,  1814. 


SPALDING,  MRS.  SUSAN  MARR.  poet, 
was  born  in  18 — ,  in  Maine.  She  is  a  poet 
of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  The 
Wings  of  Icarus,  and  Other  Poems. 

SPALDING,  THOMAS,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representathe  in  congress  from 
Georgia  from  1805  to  1806. 

SPALDING,  VOLNEY  MORGAN,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1849,  in 
East  Bloomfield,  N.  Y.  In  1873  he  graduat 
ed  from  the  unixersity  of  Michigan,  in 
which  institution  he  fills  the  chair  of  bot 
any.  He  is  the  author  of  An  Introduction 
to  Botany,  and  various  papers  on  Plant 
Physiology,  Forestry,  and  kindred  sub 
jects. 

SPALDING,  ZEPHANIAH  SWIFT,  sol 
dier,  sugar  manufacturer,  was  born  Sept. 
2,  1837,  at  Warren,  Ohio.  He  is  the  sec 
ond  son  of  the  late  Hon.  Rufus  Paine 
Spaiding,  a  learned  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Ohio.  He  served  as  a  union  sol 
dier  during  the  civil  war,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  lieutenant-colonel.  He  has  held 
various  government  positions  and  received 
from  the  French  government  the  order  of 
the  Legion  d'Honneur.  He  has  large  sugar 
interests  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands:  and  In 
1896  was  granted  by  the  United  States 
go\ernment  a  subsidy  toward  building 
;iiul  maintaining  a  cable  from  the  Ha 
waiian  Islands  to  the  United  States. 

SPANGLER,  DAVID,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1833  to  1837;  and  in  1844  was 
nominated  by  the  whig  party  for  govern 
or  of  the  state,  but  declined  the  nomina 
tion..  He  died  Oct.  18.  1856,  in  Coshocton, 
Ohio. 

SPANGLER,  HENRY  T.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1853,  in 
Myerstown,  Pa.  In  1873  he  graduated 
from  the  Ursinus  college,  of  which  insti 
tution  he  became  professor  of  psychol 
ogy  in  1891,  and  president  since  1893. 

SPANGLER,  JACOB,  congressman,  was 
1  orn  in  1768.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  in  1813;  and 
was  again  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1816  to  1818.  He  was  subsequently 
surveyor-general  of  the  state.  He  died 
June  17,  1843,  in  York,  Pa. 

SPARHAWK,  FRANCES  CAMPBELL, 
author,  philanthropist,  was  born  in  1847  in 
Maine.  She  is  a  novelist  and  philanthro 
pist  of  Newton,  Mass.;  and  has  written 
much  in  behalf  of  the  Indian  cause.  She 
is  the  author  of  A  Chronicle  of  Conquest, 
;i  romance  of  the  Indian  school  at  Car 
lisle;  Little  Polly  Blatchley;  Miss  West's 
Class  in  Geography;  Elizabeth,  a  colonial 
romance;  The  Query  Club;  A  Lazy  Man's 
Work;  Onoqua,  an  Indian  Story;  and  Sen 
ator  Intrigue  and  Inspector  Nosely. 

SPARKMAN,  STEPHEN  MEi.rt.NC- 
THON,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  July 
29,  1849,  in  Hernando  county,  Fla.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Flori 
da,  and  taught  school  for  about  three 
years  for  the  purpose  of  assisting  in  his 
education.  He  read  law  under  H.  L. 
Mitchell,  now  governor  of  Florida,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice'  in  1872;  and  has 
since  practiced  in  the  courts  of  the  state 
and  the  United  States.  He  was  state  at 
torney  for  the  sixth  judicial  circuit  for 
nine  years,  from  1878  to  1887;  was  a 
member  of  the  state  and  congressional 
committees  from  1890  to  1892,  when  he 
was  elected  chairman,  which  posu.on  he 
now  holds.  He  was  tendered  the  circuit 
juclgeship  for  the  sixth  judicial  circuit  of 
Florida  by  Governor  Perry  in  1888,  and 
the  position  of  associate  judge  on  the  su 
preme  court  bench  in  1891  by  Governor 
Fleming,  both  of  which  were  declined.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 


SPARKS,  ANDREW  J.,  educator,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1848,  in  La- 
layette  county.  Mo.  In  1887  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar;  and  is  the  editor  and 
owner  of  the  American  School  News  of 
Higginsville,  Mo. 

SPARKS,  JARED,  clergyman,  educator,, 
author,  was  born  May  10,  1789,  in  Wil- 
lington,  Conn.  He  was  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman,  pastor  at  Baltimore  in  1819-23, 
professor  of  history  at  Harvard  university 
in  1839-49,  and  president  of  Harvard  uni 
versity  in  1849-53.  He  is  best  known  by 
the  American  Biography  which  he  edited, 
and  of  which  he  was  in  part  the  author. 
It  includes  sixty  lues,  of  which  he  wrote 
those  of  Ethan  Allen;  Benedict  Arnold; 
Marquette;  La  Salle;  Pulaski;  Ribault; 
Charles  Lee;  Ledyard.  He  was  also  au 
thor  of  a  Life  of  Gouverneur  Morris.  He 
published  editions  of  the  works  of  Frank 
lin  and  Washington,  with  notes  and  life 
of  each;  and  also  Correspondence  of  the 
American  Revolution.  He  died  March  14, 
1866,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

SPARKS,  WILLIAM  A.  J.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  19, 
U.28,  near  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Illinpis  state  legislature  in  1857 
and  1858;  and  was  a  state  senator  in  1863 
and  1864.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  na 
tional  democratic  convention  at  New  York 
in  1868.  He  was  elected  a  representative- 
from  Illinois  to  the  forty-fourth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth,  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

SPARKS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1800,  on  St.  Si 
mon's  Island,  Ga.  He  was  a  Mississippi 
planter;  after  1850  a  lawyer  of  New  Or 
leans;  and  published  Memories  of  Fifty 
Years.  He  was  also  a  popular  poet,  his. 
best  known  poems  being  Somebody's  Dar 
ling;  and  The  Dying  Year.  He  died  Jan. 
13,  1882,  in  Marietta,  Ga. 

SPAULDING,  CHESTER  WARD,  far 
mer,  state  legislator,  was  born  May  14, 
1859,  in  Panton,  Vt.  In  1896  he  repre 
sented  his  native  city  in  the  Vermont 
state  legislature. 

SPAULDING.  EDWARD,  inventor,  waa 
born  Sept.  3,  1824,  in  Milford,  N.  H.  He 
has  taken  out  about  ten  patents,  the  most 
notable  of  which  is  a  magnetic  and  elec 
tric  ear  telephone  for  enabling  the  deaf  to- 
hear.  Among  his  other  inventions  is  a 
process  for  keeping  cider  sweet  in  any  cli 
mate. 

SPAULDING,  ELBRIDGE  GERRY, 
financier,  legislator,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
24,  1809,  in  Summer  Hill,  N.  Y.  In  1834  he 
moved  to  Buffalo,  N. 
Y.,  and  was  mayor 
of  that  city  in  1847. 
In  1848  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the 
New  York  legisla 
ture;  and  the  follow 
ing  year  was  made  a 
member  of  congress, 
and  served  that  body 
six  years.  For  four 
years  he  was  on  the 
committee  of  ways 
and  means;  and  was 

the  author  of  the  legal  tender  act.  In  1853 
he  was  elected  treasurer  of  the  state  of 
New  York.  In  1852  he  engaged  in  bank 
ing;  and  in  1864  organized  the  Farmers* 
and  Mechanics'  National  bank  of  Buffalo, 
of  which  he  was  president  until  his  death. 
He  took  a  great  interest  in  genealogical 
history  pertaining  to  the  Spalding  family, 
and  erected  a  monument  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
in  honor  of  the  nine  Spaldings  who  fought 
in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  He  died  in 
1897  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


875 


SPAULDING,  ERASTUS,  physician, 
state  legislator,  was  born  July  1,  1818,  in 
Tompkins  county,  N.  Y.  In  1845  he  moved 
to  Michigan;  for  a  quarter  of  a  century 
practiced  medicine  in  Oakland  county; 
and  in  1867  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature.  Since  1879  he  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  Grand  Rapids. 

SPAULDING,  HENRY  FOSTER,  mer 
chant,  was  born  April  26,  1816,  in  Bran 
don,  Vt.  He  was  engaged  in  the  commis 
sion  business  under  the  style  of  Spaulding, 
Swift  and  Company;  and  for  eight  years 
was  president  of  the  Central  Trust  com 
pany.  He  died  July  17,  1893,  in  Riverdale- 
on-the-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

SPAULDING,  HENRY  GEORGE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1837  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man  of  Massachusetts,  among  whose  writ 
ings  are,  The  Teachings  of  Jesus;  Later 
Heroes  of  Israel;  and  Forty  Hymns  and 
their  Authors. 

SPAULDING,  JUSTIN,  missionary,  was 
born  in  1802  in  Moretown,  Vt.  After  fill 
ing  a  number  of  appointments,  he  was  se 
lected  in  1836  as  missionary  to  Brazil, 
where  he  labored  as  superintendent  of 
the  mission  until  1841,  when  on  his  re 
turn  he  was  transferred  to  the  New  Hamp 
shire  conference.  He  died  in  1865  in 
Moretown,  Vt. 

SPAULDING,  LEVI,  missionary,  was 
born  Aug.  22,  1791,  in  Jaffrey,  N.  H.  He 
was  ordained  at  Salem,  Mass.  In  1820  he 
arrived  as  a  missionary  of  the  American 
board  at  Jaffna,  Ceylon;  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  the  oldest  missionary 
of  the  American  board.  He  died  June  18, 
1873,  in  Ceylon. 

SPAULDING,  NATHAN  WESTON, 
manufacturer,  inventor,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1829,  in  North  Anson. 
Maine.  He  went  to  California  in  1851,  and 
ten  years  later  established  a  saw  manu 
factory  in  San  Francisco,  in  which  busi 
ness  he  is  still  engaged.  He  has  taken 
out  several  United  States  patents  on  saws, 
saw-teeth  and  machines,  which  have  com 
pletely  revolutionized  the  circular  saw 
business.  In  1871  he  was  elected  mayor 
of  Oakland,  received  the  re-election  with 
out  opposition,  declined  the  nomination 
for  a  third  term,  and  donated  the  salary 
of  his  office  to  the  Oakland  Benevolent  so 
ciety.  He  served  four  years  as  United 
States  assistant  treasurer  of  San  Fran 
cisco;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Me 
chanics'  institute  of  San  Francisco;  and 
was  selected  by  the  late  Hon.  Leland 
Stanford  as  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Le 
land  Stanford,  Jr.,  university.  He  stands 
high  in  Masonic  circles;  and  is  a  leader 
in  various  philanthropic  movements. 

SPAULDING,  OLIVER  LYMAN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  2, 
1833,  in  Jaffrey,  N.  H.  In  1862  he  entered 
the  United  States 
service  as  captain  in 
the  twenty-third  reg 
iment  Michigan  in 
fantry,  and  was  rap 
idly  promoted  to 
jrevet  brigadier-gen 
eral.  During  1866-72 
he  was  secretary  of 
state  of  Michigan; 
and  in  1880  was 
elected  a  member  of 
congress.  During 

1889-93  he  was  as 
sistant  secretary  of  the  treasury:  and  in 
1896  was  a  delegate  from  Michigan  to  tne 
national  republican  convention  at  St. 
Louis.  In  1897  he  was  again  appointed 
assistant  secretary  of  the  treasury  at 
Washington,  D.  C. 


SPAULDING,  SOLOMON,  lawyer,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1/61,  in 
Ashford,  Conn.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Dartmouth  college,  and  wrote  a  remark 
able  story  of  fiction,  entitled  Manuscript 
Found,  which  is  now  generally  regarded 
as  the  basis  of  the  Mormon  Bible.  He 
died  Sept.  10,  1816,  in  Amity,  Pa. 

SPAULDING,  WESLEY  J.,  clergyman, 
educator,  college  president,  was  born 
April  18,  1827,  in  Newark,  N.  Y.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  Indiana  Asbury  university, 
and  received  from  that  institution  the  de 
gree  of  Ph.  D.  In  1855  he  became  •profes 
sor  of  Greek  in  the  Iowa  Wesleyan  univer 
sity  of  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa;  and  in 
1876  became  president  of  that  institution. 
He  has  been  pastor  in  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church,  and  contributes  extensively 
to  current  literature. 

SPEAR,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  1,  1801,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  universalist  minister  of  Boston 
active  in  prison  reform;  and  the  author  of 
Names  and  Titles  of  Christ;  Essays  on  the 
Punishment  of  Death;  Plea  for  Discharged 
Convicts;  and  Voices  from  Prison.  He 
died  April  18,  1863,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SPEAR,  DAVID  DANA,  physician,  sur 
geon,  poet,  was  born  May  26,  1839,  in  Yar 
mouth,  Maine.  In  1864  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  and  surgery  in  Ken- 
nebunk,  Maine;  and  is  now  located  at 
Freeport.  He  has  contributed  a  number  of 
poems  to  Christian  publications. 

SPEAR,  ELLIS,  lawyer,  commissioner 
of  patents,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1834,  in  War 
ren,  Maine.  He  was  a  citizen  of  Maine; 
f^nd  was  commissioner  of  patents  in  the 
department  of  the  interior  from  1877  to 
1878.  He  settled  in  Washington  city  in 
the  practice  of  law. 

SPEAR,  SAMUEL  P.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1815  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  commanded 
•se^eral  expeditions  during  the  civil  war; 
and  in  1865  was  brevetted  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  died  May  5,  1875,  in  New  York 
city. 

SPEAR,  SAMUEL  THAYER,  journalist, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  4, 
1812,  in  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  of  Brooklyn,  ed 
itor  of  The  New  York  Independent  from 
1871;  and  the  author  of  Family  Power; 
Religion  and  the  State;  Constitutionality 
of  the  Legal  Tender  Act;  The  Law  of  the 
Federal  Judiciary;  The  Law  of  Extradi 
tion;  and  The  Bible  Heaven.  He  died  in 
1891. 

SPEARS,  JOHN  RANDOLPH,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1850  in  Ohio.  He 
is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  The  Gold  Diggings  of  Cape 
Horn;  and  The  Port  of  Missing  Ships, 
and  Other  Stories  of  the  Sea. 

SPEARS,  WILLIAM  T.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1854,  in 
Morgan  county,  Ga.  For  several  years  he 

was  engaged  in  edu- 

.•  in  ii'llil!  cational  work;  then 
took  up  the  study  of 
medicine,  and  is  now 
one  of  the  leading 
•T-.  .  .  physicians  and  sur- 
I  geons  of  the  south  at 
Rutledge,  Ga.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poems  en 
titled  Sentiments  of 
Leisure  Hours,  which 
contains  a  number 
of  poems  of  acknowl 
edged  merit;  and  his  poems  have  been 
given  a  place  in  several  standard  collec 
tions. 


SPEECE,  CONRAD,  clergyman,  author,, 
poet,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1776,  in  New  Lon 
don,  Va.  He  was  a  noted  baptist  clergy 
man  of  Virginia;  and  the  author  of  The 
Mountaineer;  and  a  number  of  meritori 
ous  poems.  He  died  Feb.  15,  1836,  in 
Stauntcn,  Va. 

SPEED,  FREDERICK,  soldier,  jurist. 
was  born  Sept.  22,  1841.  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
He  served  as  a  private  soldier  during  the 
war,  and  became  lieutenant.  In  1865  he 
settled  in  Vicksl.urg,  Miss.,  and  during 
18G9-70  was  judge  of  the  criminal  court  of 
Wai  ren  county. 

SPEED,  JAMES,  lawyer,  educator,  state 
senator,  was  born  March  11,  1812,  in  Far- 
mington,  Ky.  He  settled  in  the  practice 
of  law  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1853;  in  1847 
•was  elected  to  the  state  legislature;  and 
in  1861  was  elected  to  the  state  senate.  In 

1864  he  was  appointed  attorney  general  of 
the  United  States.     In  1872  he  became  a 
professor   in    the    Louisville    Law   school. 
He  died  June  25,  1887,  in  Jefferson  countyr 
Ky. 

SPEED,  JOHN,  soldier,  jurist,  was  born 
May  17,  1772,  in  Virginia.  He  served  with 
the  volunteer  forces  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States  against  the  Indians  in  1791; 
and  was  a  judge  of  the  quarter  sessions 
court.  In  1828  he  wrote  a  series  of  ar 
ticles  upon  the  political  topics  of  the  day. 
He  died  March  30,  1840,  in  Farmington, 
Ky. 

SPEED,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer,  was 
bcrn  in  1842  in  Louisville,  Ky.  He  served 
in  the  union  army  during  the  civil  war 
in  the  ninth  Kentucky  cavalry,  and  was 
promoted  assistant  adjutant-general.  In 

1865  he    was    made   paymaster   with   the 
rank  of  major.    He  is  now  one  of  the  most 
successful  practitioners  at  the  Louisville 
bar. 

SPEED,  JOHN  GILMER,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1852  in  Kentucky.  He 
is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Life  of  Keats. 

SPEED,  JOHN  JAMES,  soldier,  inven 
tor,  was  born  in  1803  in  Mecklenburg 
county,  Va.  He  was  an  efficient  co-worker 
of  Prof.  Morse  in  introducing  and  perfect 
ing  magnetic  telegraph  apparatus,  and 
was  president  of  the  Western  Telegraph 
company  in  Detroit,  and  at  Portland, 
Maine,  established  the  independent  line  to 
Washington.  He  died  in  1867  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

SPEED,  JOHN  JAMES,  physician,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Oct.  31.  1816,  in  Bards- 
town,  Ky.  In  1850  he  moved  to  Louis 
ville,  Ky.  In  1861  he  was  made  postmas 
ter,  which  position  he  filled  for  eight 
years.  In  1874  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
and  was  also  professor  in  the  Hospital 
College  of  Medicine. 

SPEED,  JOHN  JAMES,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1839,  in 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  During  1873-74  he  was  a 
representative  in  the  Michigan  state  leg 
islature  from  Detroit.  In  1881  he  became 
judge  of  the  third  circuit  court,  and 
is  now  counselor  of  the  city  of  Detroit. 

SPEED,  JOHN  K.,  merchant,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  March  21,  1848,  in  Louis- 
•Ulle,  Ky.  He  helped  to  organize  the 
board  of  trade  of  Memphis,  and  was  its 
first  president.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
originators  of  the  Merchants'  exchange, 
and  was  its  first  president. 

SPEED,  PHILIP,  soldier,  was  born 
April  12,  1819,  in  Farmington,  Ky.  In  the 
latter  part  of  the  war  period  he  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  internal  revenue.  He 
was  a  model  officer,  giving  entire  satis 
faction  to  the  government.  He  died  Nov. 
1,  1882. 


876 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SPEED,  THOMAS,  soldier,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1768,  in 
Virginia.  He  moved  to  Kentucky  in  1782, 
and  participated  in  the  war  of  1812.  In 
1817  he  was  elected  to  congress,  and  in 
1821,  1822  and  1840  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Kentucky  legislature.  He  died  Feb. 
20,  1842,  at  his  home,  near  Bardstown,  Ky. 

SPEED,  THOMAS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
genealogist,  historian,  was  born  Nov.  26, 
1841,  in  Bardstown,  Ky.  He  attended  Cen 
tre  and  Hanover  colleges.  In  1862  he 
joined  the  union  army  as  a  private;  was 
made  first  lieutenant  and  then  adjutant  of 
the  regiment,  twelfth  Kentucky  veteran 
infantry;  and  also  served  on  brigade  staff. 
He  was  in  the  siege  of  Knoxville,  Bean's 
Station,  the  various  battles  of  the  Atlan 
ta  campaign,  Columbia,  Franklin,  Nash 
ville,  an,d  the  taking  of  Fort  Anderson, 
and  Wilmington,  N.  C.  After  the  war  he 
studied  law  at  the  Michigan  university, 
and  has  ever  since  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Louisville,  Ky.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Wilderness  Road;  The  Political 
Club;  History  of  the  Union  Regiments  of 
Kentucky;  The  Speed  Family;  and  other 
works. 

SPEER,  ALFRED,  merchant,  was  born 
Nov.  2,  1823,  near  Belleville,  N.  J.  He 
is  president  of  the  Speer  New  Jersey 
Wine  company  of  Passaic,  N.  J.  He  was 
the  first  mayor  of  his  village;  and  was  an 
enrolling  officer  during  the  civil  war.  He 
was  also  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  first 
newspaper  published  in  Passaic  in  1870; 
and  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Weekly 
Item  of  that  city,  which  he  has  published 
for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He  has 
been  a  director  of  the  People's  bank  since 
Its  existence;  and  still  takes  a  promi 
nent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city, 
county  and  state. 

SPEER,  DAVID  R.,  lawyer,  politician, 
was  born  June  26,  1849,  in  Greenville,  S. 
C.  In  1872  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
which  profession  he  still  practices  in  the 
place  of  his  nativity.  He  has  written  ex 
tensively  for  the  periodical  press;  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  public  affairs. 

SPEER,  EMORY,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1848,  in 
Culloden,  Ga.  In  1873  he  was  appointed 
solicitor-general  for  the  western  judicial 
circuit  Of  Georgia,  and  held  the  office 
three  years.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Georgia  to  the' forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses;  and  in  1885  was 
appointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  southern  district  of  Georgia. 

SPEER,  JOHN,  journalist,  state  senator 
was  born  Dec.  27,  1817,  in  Kittanning,  Pa. 
In  1863  until  1871  he  conducted  the  Kan 
sas  City  Tribune;  in  1864  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate;  and  from  1862-66  was 
United  States  collector  of  Kansas. 

SPEER.  OCIE,  lawyer,  author,  was  born 
April  1.  1869,  in  Tarrant  county,  Texas.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1889;  and 
practices  in  Bowie,  Texas;  .was  elected 
county  attorney  in  1890;  and  is  the  author 
of  a  treatise  entitled  The  Law  of  Married 
Women. 

SPEER,  ROBERT  MILTON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1838,  in 
Cassville,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-sec 
ond  and  forty-third  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat. 

SPEER,  WILLIAM,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  April  24,  1822,  in  New  Alexan 
dria.  Pa.  He  is  a  presbyterian  missionary 
in  China;  and  the  author  of  China  and 
the  United  States;  The  Great  Revival  of 
1800;  and  God's  Rule  for  Christian  Giving. 

SPEIGHT,  JESSE,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 


born  Sept.  22,  1795,  in  Greene  county,  N.  C. 
In  1822  he  was  a  member  of  the  house  of 
commons  of  North  Carolina;  and  in  1823 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate,  where 
he  continued  until  1827,  officiating  sev 
eral  years  as  speaker.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  North  Caro 
lina  from  1829  to  1837.  He  moved  to  Mis 
sissippi;  and  was  elected  to  the  legisla 
ture  there,  and  made  speaker.  From  1845 
to  1847  he  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
his  adopted  state.  He  died  May  1,  1847, 
in  Columbus,  Miss. 

SPELLMEYER,  HENRY,  clergyman, 
was  born  Nov.  25,  1847,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  New 
York  university  and  the  Union  Theolog 
ical  seminary,  and  since  1869  has  been  a 
clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church.  In  1896  he  was  a  member  of  the 
general  conference.  He  has  been  a  trus 
tee  of  the  Drew  Theological  seminary  of 
Madison,  N.  J.;  a  trustee  of  the  Syracuse 
university,  and  of  the  Hackettstown  Col 
legiate  institute.  In  1896  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  book  committee  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church  for  four  years. 

SPENCE,  JOHN  FLETCHER,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1828,  in 
Greenfield,  Ohio.  In  1853  he  graduated 
from  the  Ohio  Wes- 
leyan  university,  and 
the  same  year  joined 
the  Cincinnati  con 
ference  of  the  meth 
odist  episcopal 
church.  In  1862  he 
entered  the  union 
army  as  chaplain, 
and  served  till  the 
close  of  the  war, 
when  he  settled  In 
Knoxville,  Tenn.  For 
three  years  he  was 
president  of  the  Knoxville  Female  col 
lege;  and  since  1875  has  been  chancellor 
of  the  Grant  university.  When  Doctor 
Spence  took  charge  of  the  university,  the 
property  was  in  imminent  danger  of  be 
ing  sold  for  debt.  He  has  secured  a  lib 
eral  endowment  and  a  largely  increased 
patronage;  in  1889  brought  about  the  an 
nexation  of  Chattanooga  university;  and 
the  institution  is  now  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  universities  in  the  south. 

SPENCE,  JOHN  SELBY,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  29, 
1788,  near  Snow  Hill,  Md.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1823  to  1825,  and  from  1831  to  1833; 
and  was  United  States  senator  from  1837 
to  1840.  He  died  Oct.  29,  1840,  near  Ber 
lin,  Md. 

SPENCE,  THOMAS  ADAM,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1810,  in 
Accomac  county,  Va.  He  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1840;  and  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1843  to  1845.  He  died  Nov.  10,  1877, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SPENCE,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  finan 
cier,  philanthropist,  was  born  in  1815  in 
Scotland.  He  has  been  a  finance  commis 
sioner  of  the  city  of  Baltimore,  N.  Y.  In 
1890  he  presented  the  city  of  Baltimore 
a  $50,000  statue  of  Sir  William  Wallace, 
from  whom  he  descends,  and  the  monu 
ment  was  placed  on  a  site  in  Druid  Hill 
park. 

SPENCER,  AMBROSE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1765,  in 
Salisbury,  Conn.  He  settled  in  Hudson, 
N.  Y.;  and  was  elected  to  the  assembly 
in  1793;  and  in  1795  to  the  state  senate, 
serving  until  1798,  when  he  was  re-elected 
for  four  years.  In  1804  he  became  a  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York. 
He  died  March  13,  1848,  in  Lyons,  N.  Y. 


SPENCER,  MRS.  BELLA  ZILFA,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  1,  1843,  in  England. 
She  was  the  author  of  Ora,  the  Lost  Wife; 
Tried  and  True;  and  Surface  and  Depth. 
She  died  Aug.  1,  1867,  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 

SPENCER,  MRS.  CORNELIA  [PHIL 
LIPS],  author,  was  born  March  20,  1825,  in 
Harlem,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  North  Carolina 
writer  who  published  The  Last  Ninety 
Days  of  the  War  in  North  Carolina;  and 
History  of  North  Carolina. 

SPENCER,  FRANCIS  ELIAS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  April  25, 
1834,  in  Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.  In  1861  lie 
was  elected  district  attorney  of  Santa 
Clara  county,  Cal.,  which  office  he  filled 
until  1866.  In  1871  he  was  elected  to  the 
lower  branch  of  the  legislature  as  a  re 
publican.  In  1879  he  was  elevated  to  the 
bench  of  the  superior  court  of  Santa  Clara 
county. 

SPENCER,  GEORGE  ELIPHAZ,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Nov.  1,  1836,  in  Jefferson  county,  N. 
Y.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Iowa  senate 
in  1858.  He  entered  the  army  as  a  cap 
tain  in  1862;  and  was  brevetted  a  briga 
dier-general  for  gallantry  in  the  field.  He 
settled  in  Alabama;  and  in  1867  was  ap 
pointed  a  register  in  bankruptcy  for  the 
fourth  district  of  Alabama.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
that  state  for  the  term  ending  in  1873; 
and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1879. 

SPENCER,  HIRAM  LADD,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1829  in  Castleton,  Vt. 
He  is  the  author  of  Summer  Saunterings 
Away  Down  East;  and  a  volume  of  po 
ems. 

SPENCER,  ICHABOD  SMITH,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1798,  in 
Rupert,  Vt.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  prominent  in  Brooklyn  for  many 
years;  and  the  author  of  A  Pastor's 
Sketches;  Sermons;  Sacramental  Dis 
courses;  and  Evidences  of  Divine  Revela 
tion.  He  died  Nov.  23,  1854,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

SPENCER,  JAMES  BRADLEY,  soldier, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  April  26,  1781,  in  Salisbury,  Conn. 
He  served  as  a  captain  in  the  war  of  1812. 
He  was  in  the  legislature  of  New  York  in 
1831  and  1832;  -and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1837  to 
1839.  He  subsequently  held  the  various 
positions  of  elector,  magistrate,  county 
judge,  collector  and  Indian  agent.  He 
died  March  26  1848,  in  Fort  Covington, 
N.  Y. 

SPENCER,  JAMES  CLARK,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  29,  1826,  in  Fort 
Covington,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  educa- 
tion  in  the  Fort  Cov 
ington  academy;  and 
commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  1850 
in  his  native  county. 
Four  years  later  he 
moved  to  Ogdens- 
burg;  in  1857  he  was 
appointed  United 
States  district  attor 
ney  for  the  northern 
district  of  New 
York;  and  after  the 
expiration  of  his 
term  moved  to  New  York  city,  where  he 
has  since  practiced  his  profession  with 
success.  He  served  with  distinction  as 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  New  York; 
in  1875  he  was  appointed  a  referee  in  the 
case  of  the  receiver  of  the  Erie  Railway 
company;  and  in  1883  he  was  one  of  the 
commissioners  for  building  a  new  aque 
duct  for  the  city  of  New  York. 


X 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


877 


SPENCER,  JAMES  GRAFTON,  farmer, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  13, 
1844,  near  Port  Gibson,  Miss.  He  entered 
Oakland  college  in  1861  and  after  passing 
the  freshman  class  entered  the  confeder 
ate  army  as  private  in  Cowan's  battery  of 
light  artillery,  serving  until  the  close  of 
the  war  in  the  army  of  Mississippi  and 
Tennessee.  He  returned  to  his  ancestral 
home  and  began  farming,  which  he  has 
followed  since,  living  in  the  house  in 
which  he  was  born.  In  1892  he  was  sent 
as  representative  to  the  state  legislature, 
serving  two  sessions;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

SPENCER,  JAMES  R.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  10,  1844,  in  Courdand 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  Binghamton,  N.  Y.;  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1872.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer  of  Waukesha,  Wis.;  has 
been  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  past  six 
teen  years;  and  has  taken  an  active  part 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county 
and  state. 

SPENCER,  JESSE  AMES,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  June  17,  1816, 
in  Hyde  Park,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  episcopal 
clergyman  and  educator,  professor  in  the 
College  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1869- 
83,  and  editor  of  many  valuable  classical 
text-books.  His  other  works  include,  His 
tory  of  the  English  Reformation;  History 
of  the  United  States,  a  very  popular  work; 
Sermons;  Discourses;  The  East:  Sketches 
of  Travel  in  Egypt  and  the  Holy  Land; 
Greek  Praxis;  Five  Last  Things;  Stuuies 
in  Eschatology;  Papalism  vs.  Catholic 
Truth;  and  Memorabilia  of  Sixty-Five 
Years,  1820-86. 

SPENCER,  JOHN  CANFIELD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1787, 
in  New  York.  In  1816  he  was  elected  to 
congress  from  Canandaigua;  in  1820  was 
elected  to  the  state  assembly;  and  in  1824 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  for  four 
years.  In  1832  he  was  again  elected  to 
the  state  assembly;  and  in  1839  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  state.  In  1841  he 
was  made  secretary  of  war.  He  was  a 
successful  lawyer,  and  achieved  his  high 
est  fame  from  his  connection  with  the  re 
vision  of  the  statutes  of  New  York.  He' 
died  May  18,  1855,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

SPENCER,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1714  in 
East  Haddam,  Conn.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  council  in  1766;  was  ap 
pointed  brigadier-general  in  the  continen 
tal  army  in  1775;  became  major-general 
in  1776;  was  in  the  expedition  against 
Rhode  Island  in  1778;  and  assisted  in  Sul 
livan's  retreat.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1778  and  1779;  and 
in  1780  was  again  elected  to  the  council, 
and  was  annually  re-elected  until  his 
death.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1789,  in  East 
Haddam,  Conn. 

SPENCER,  MORTON  W.,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1836,  in  Gil 
bert's  Mills,  N.  Y.  This  eminent  minister 
of  the  free  baptist  church  is  the  author  of 
The  Missing  Link,  which  is  a  history  of 
cur  Saxon  race,  containing  one  thousand 
historical  and  prophetic  proofs  of  our  He 
brew  and  Saxon  ancestry. 

SPENCER,  PLATT  ROGERS,  the 
originator  of  the  Spencerian  method  of 
penmanship,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1800,  in 
East  Fishkill,  N.  Y.  He  had  given  pen 
manship  much  attention  from  early  youth, 
and  was  led  to  perfect  his  semi-angular 
system  by  seeing  the  necessity  of  a  more 
.  rapid  execution  than  the  old  round  Ro 
man  method,  and  a  more  legible  hand 
than  the  angular  or  German  system.  He 
died  May  16,  1864,  in  Geneva,  Ohio. 


SPENCER,  ROSWELL  T..  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1850,  in  Bluff- 
c'ale,  111.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of 
the  Illinois  State  Center  of  Illiopolis;  has 
been  the  vice  president  of  the  Illinois 
State  Press  association,  and  is  a  promi 
nent  member  of  the  Masonic  lodge. 

SPENCER,  SAMUEL,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  March  2,  1847,  in  Colum 
bus,  Ga.  He  is  president  of  the  Ala 
bama  Great  Southern  railroad;  and  of  the 
Elgin,  Joliet  and  Eastern  railway;  and  is 
also  president  of  numerous  other  corpo 
rations  in  New  York  city. 

SPENCER,  MRS.  SARA  [ANDREWS], 
author,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1837,  in  Savona, 
N.  Y.  She  is  a  prominent  woman  suff 
ragist  of  Washington;  and  proprietor  of 
the  Spencerian  Business  college.  She  is 
the  author  of  Problems  on  the  Woman 
Question;  and  Lessons  in  the  English 
Language. 

SPENCER,  SELDEN  P.,  legislator,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1862,  in  Erie,  Pa. 
In  1895  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Mis 
souri  state  legislature  from  St.  Louis; 
and  in  1897  became  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  St.  Louis  for  a  term  of  six  years. 

SPENCER,  THOMAS,  physician,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1793  in  Great 
Harrington,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician 
who  was  medical  professor  at  Hobart  col 
lege  in  1835-57;  and  was  the  author  of 
Lectures  on  Vital  Chemistry;  and  Practi 
cal  Observations  on  Epidemic  Diarrhoea 
known  as  Cholera.  He  died  May  30,  1857, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SPENCER,  WILLIAM  B.,  congressman. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Lou 
isiana  to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

SPENCER,  MRS.  WILLIAM  LORING 
[NUNEZ],  was  born  in  18—,  in  St.  Au 
gustine,  Fla.  She  is  the  author  of  Salt 
Lake  Fruit;  The  Story  of  Mary,  repub- 
lished  as  Dennis  Day;  A  Plucky  One;  and 
Calamity  Jane. 

SPERRY,  LEWIS,  lawyer,  congressman, 

was  born  Jan.  23,  1848,  in  South  Windsor, 

Conn.      In   1869    he    graduated    from    the 

Monson        academy; 

,  — -  ™    and  from     the    Am- 

herst  college  in  1873. 
In  1875  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar, 
and  practices  law  in 
Hartford.  In  1876  he 
represented  his  na 
tive  town  in  the 
Connecticut  state 
legislature;  and  was 
coroner  for  Hartford 
county  during  1883- 
91.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat,  and  served  during 
1891-95.  In  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Indianapolis  sound  money  convention. 

SPERRY,  NEHEMIAH  D.,  was  born 
July  10,  1827,  in  Woodbridge,  Conn.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  common 
council  in  1853;  in 
1854  was  elected  an 
alderman  of  the  city; 
and  was  elected  se 
lectman  of  the  town 
of  New  Haven  in 
1853.  He  was  elected 
secretary  of  state  in 
1855;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1856.  He 
was  nominated  post 
master  in  1861  and 
continued  in  office 
until  the  first  elec 
tion  of  Grover  Cleveland.  He  was  nomi 
nated  for  postmaster  and  served  until  the 
re-election  of  President  Cleveland,  mak 


ing  in  all  twenty-eight  years  and  two 
months.  He  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  commission  to  visit  England,  Ger  • 
many,  and  France  to  look  into  their  sys 
tem  of  postofflces,  but  declined  service. 
He  was  president  of  the  chamber  of  com 
merce  of  New  Haven;  was  bandsman  for 
building  the  Monitor;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SPICER,  WILLIAM  FRANCIS,  naval 
officer,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1820,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  made  commodore 
in  1877,  and  was  commandant  of  the  Bos 
ton  navy-yard  until  his  death.  He  was 
well  known  as  a  poet  and  musician,  and 
was  the  author  of  several  popular  ballads, 
among  which  are  Absent  Friends  and  You, 
Mary. 

SPIEKER,  GEORGE  FREDERICK, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  17,  1844,  in  Elk  Ridge,  Md.  Since 
1883  he  has  been  pastor  of  St.  Michael's 
Lutheran  congregation,  Allentown,  Pa.  He 
has  been  professor  of  Hebrew  in  Muhlen- 
berg  college,  Allentown,  since  1887;  pres 
ident  of  its  board  of  trustees  since  1886; 
and  examiner  in  doctrinal  theology  of  the 
ministerium  of  Pennsylvania  since  1882.  He 
has  published  Hutter's  Compend  of  Luth 
eran  Theology,  translated,  with  Dr.  Hen 
ry  E.  Jacobs;  and  Wildenhahn's  Martin 
Luther,  translated  from  the  German. 

SPILMAN,  ISAAC  R.,  civil  engineer, 
lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1856,  in  Toulon, 
111.  He  received  his  education  at  the  Ew- 
ing  college,  from  w.hich  institution  he 
graduated  in  1880.  He  has  been  county 
surveyor  and  city  attorney  of  DuQuoin, 
111.,  where  he  has  attained  prominence  as 
an  able  lawyer. 

SPINK,  S.  L.,  journalist,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
20,  1831,  in  Whitehall,  N.  Y.  In  1860  he 
moved  to  Illinois,  and  conducted  the  Prai 
rie  Beacon  of  Paris.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  legislature  in  1864;  was  appoint 
ed  secretary  of  Dakota  territory;  and  con 
tinued  in  office  until  1869,  when  he  was 
elected  the  delegate  from  Dakota  to  the 
forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

SPINNER,  FRANCIS  ELIAS.  soldier, 
financier,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  21, 
1802,  in  Mohawk,  N.  Y.  He  held  all  the 
commissions,  from  the  governors  of  New 
York,  from  a  lieutenant  to  a  major-gen 
eral  of  the  state  artillery.  He  was  coun 
ty  sheriff,  and  commissioner  for  build 
ing  the  state  lunatic  asylum;  and  from 
1845  to  1849  was  auditor  in  the  naval  of 
fice  at  New  York.  In  1854  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  United 
States  treasurer,  and  continued  in  the  po 
sition  until  1875.  He  died  Dec.  31,  1890, 
in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

SPINOLA,  FRANCIS  B.,  soldier,  manu 
facturer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  19,  1821,  in  Stony  Brook,  N. 
Y.  He  served  six  years  as  member  of  the 
assembly  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and 
four  years  as  a  senator.  He  was  appoint 
ed  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  1862, 
for  meritorious  conduct  in  recruiting  and 
organizing  a  brigade  of  four  regiments 
and  accompanying  them  to  the  field.  He 
was  elected  from  New  York  to  the  fiftieth 
and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 
He  died  April  12,  1891,  in  Washington. 

SPITZKA,  EDWARD  CHARLES,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1852,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  physician  of  New 
York  city  eminent  as  a  neurologist;  and 
the  author  of  Insanity,  its  Classification. 
Diagnosis  and  Treatment. 


:878 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SPOFFORD,  AINSWORTH  RAND,  li 
brarian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1825, 
in  Gilmanton,  N.  H.  He  was  the  librar 
ian  of  congress,  and  editor  of  The  Ameri- 
•can  Almanac  and  Treasury  of  Facts.  He 
is  the  author  of  Library  of  Choice  Liter 
ature;  and  Library  of  Historical  Charac 
ters. 

SPOFFORD,  MRS.  HARRIET  ELIZA 
BETH  IPRESCOTT],  author,  poet,  was 
born  April  3,  1835,  in  Calais,  Maine.  She 
is  a  novelist  and  poet  of  Newburyport. 
She  is  the  author  of  Azarian;  Sir  Rohan's 
Ghost;  The  Amber  Gods,  and  Other  Stor 
ies;  New  England  Legends;  The  Thief  in 
the  Night;  The  Marquis  of  Carabas,  a  ro 
mance;  A  Lost  Jewel;  Hester  Stanley  at 
St.  Mark's,  a  story  for  girls;  The  Scarlet 
Poppy,  and  Other  Stories;  Art  Decoration 
Applied  to  Furniture;  Home  and  Hearth; 
Essays  on  the  Domestic  Relations;  Three 
Heroines  of  New  England;  The  Servant 
Girl  Question;  A  Master  Spirit:  Ballads 
About  Authors;  Poems;  and  In  Titans' 
•Garden,  and  Other  Poems. 

SPOFFORD,  HENRY  MARTYN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1821, 
in  Gilmanton,  N.  H.  In  1877  he  was  elect- 
•  ed  United  States  senator  from  Louisiana 
by  the  Nicholls  legislature,  but  the  senate 
admitted  William  P.  Kellogg,  who  had 
been  chosen  by  the  rival,  or  Packard 
legislature.  He  was  co-author  of  The 
•Louisiana  Magistrate  and  Parish  Official 
•Guide.  He  died  Aug.  20.  1880,  in  Red  Sul 
phur  Springs,  W.  Va. 

SPOONER,     ALDEN    JEREMIAH,    au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1810,  in  Sag  Har 
bor,  N.  Y.     He  was  the  originator  in  1863 
of  the  Long  Island  Historical  society,  and 
gave  more  than  one  thousand  books  and 
pamphlets   as   a   nucleus   for   its   library. 
He  edited,  with  notes  and  memoirs  of  the 
authors,    Gabriel    Furman's    Notes,    Geo 
graphical  and  Historical,  Relating  to  the 
Town    of    Brooklyn;    and    Silas     Wood's 
Sketch  of  the  First  Settlement  of  the  Sev 
eral    Towns    on    Long    Island.      He    died 
Aug.  2,   1881,   in   Hempstead,   L.   I.,   N.  Y. 
SPOONER,  BENJAMIN  F.,  soldier,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1828,  in  Mansfield,  Ohio.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  he  became 
lieutenant-colonel    of 
the  seventh   Indiana 
regiment,  with  which 
he  fought  at  Philippi 
and  Laurel  Hill,  and 
he     afterward     held 
the  same  commission 
in   the  fifty-first   In 
diana,  with  which  he 
was  present    at  Shi- 
loh  and  the  siege  of 
Corinth.       He     then 
resigned  and  returned 
home,  but  was    soon 
made  colonel  of  the  eighty-third  Indiana. 
In   1865   he  was   breve'tted  brigadier-gen 
eral  and  major-general  of  volunteers.  He 
died  April  3,  1881,  in  Lawrenceburg,  Ind. 
SPOONER,  CLAPP,  financier,  was  born 
June  11,  1824,  in  Fitzwilliam,  N.  H.    When 
the  Harnden  Express  company,  with  oth- 
c  's.      among        ibcin 
I  hillips     and     Com- 
>''''*ii«^  pany'g     express,     of 

which  he  was  then 
part  owner,  deter 
mined  to  combine 
and  incorporate  the 
great  system  of  the 
Adams  Express  com 
pany,  he  was  one  of 
the  nine  organizers 
of  that  company  and 
lias  been  identified 
with  it  ever  since. 
For  many  years  one  of  its  managers  and 
superintendent  of  the  New  England  di 


vision,  he  held  the  office  of  vice-president 
from  1887  until  1891,  when  he  retired  from 
active  commercial  life.  He  now  devotes 
all  of  his  time  'to  the  supervision,  im 
provement  and  building  up  of  his  large 
tract  of  land,  called  Brooklawn  park,  the 
finest  suburb  of  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

SPOONER,  HENRY  J.,  soldier,    lawyer, 
state    legislator,    congressman,   was   born 
Aug.    6,    1839,    in    Providence,    R.    I.      He 
served  in  the    union 
army     as  a  commis 
sioned   officer     from 
1862  to  1865.    He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  the     latter     year, 
and  engaged  in     the 
practice  of     law     in 
his   native    city.    He 
was  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  repre 
sentatives  from  1875 
to  1881,     serving    as 
speaker  the  last  two 
years.    He  was  elect 
ed  as  a  representative  to  the  forty-seventh 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;    and  was  re- 
elected    to    the   forty-eighth,    forty-ninth, 
fiftieth  and   fifty-first  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

SPOONER,  JOHN  COIT,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Jan.  6,  1843,  in  Lawrenceburg,  Ind. 
He  was  military  and  private  secretary 
to  Governor  Lucius  Fairchild,  of  Wiscon 
sin.  He  served  as  assistant  attorney-gen 
eral  of  Wisconsin  from  1867  to  1870.  In 
1872  he  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
Wisconsin  legislature.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  Wisconsin 
university;  and  was  elected  United  States 
senator  from  Wisconsin  for  the  term  of 
six  years  from  March  4.  1885.  In  1893  he 
moved  to  Madison.  He  received  the  elec 
tion  to  the  United  States  senate  again  in 
1897. 

SPOONER,  LYSANDER,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1808,  in  Athel, 
Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Boston  promi 
nent  as  an  abolitionist;  and  the  author  of 
Our  Finances;  The  Deist's  Reply  to  the 
Alleged  Supernatural  Evidences  of  Chris 
tianity;  A  Defense  for  Fugitive  Slaves; 
Unconstitutionality  of  Slavery;  The  Law 
of  Prices;  and  Poverty:  Causes  and  Cure. 
He  died  May  14,  1887,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SPOONER,  SHEARJASHUB,  dentist, 
author,  was  born  in  1809  in  Brandon,  Vt. 
He  was  a  dentist  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  Guide  to  Sound  Teeth;  Sur 
gical  and  Mechanical  Dentistry;  Bio 
graphical  and  Critical  Dictionary  of  Paint 
ers,  Engravers,  Sculptors,  and  Architects; 
and  Anecdotes  of  Painters.  He  died  in 
March,  1859,  in  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

SPOONTS,  MORRIS  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
orator,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1857,  in  Bell 
county,  Texas.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  state;  has 
become  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of 
Texas;  and  has  a  large  practice  in  Fort 
Worth.  He  has  been  prosecuting  attor 
ney;  judge  of  his  county;  president  of  the 
city  council;  and  filled  various  other  pub 
lic  positions  of  honor.  For  many  years 
he  has  been  attorney  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railway  company,  and  the  Fort  Worth 
and  Denver  City  Railroad  company.  He 
is  prominent  in  public  affairs  and  in 
politics,  and  has  attained  prominence  as 
a  brilliant  orator. 

SPOTTS,  JAMES  HANNA,  naval  officer, 
was  born  March  11,  1822,  in  Fort  John 
son,  N.  C.  In  1881  he  was  promoted  to 
rear  admiral.  He  died  March  8,  1882,  in 
the  Falkland  Islands. 

SPRAGUE,  ALFRED  WHITE,  chemist, 
author,  was  born  June  17,  1821,  in  the 


Sandwich  Islands.  He  is  a  Boston  chem 
ist  who  published  Chemical  Experiments; 
and  Elements  of  Natural  Philosophy. 

SPRAGUE.    CHARLES,    financier,    au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1791,  in  Bos 
ton.  Mass.     He  was  a  cashier  of  the  Globe 
bank,       Boston,       in 
,  1825-65;      and      well 
known     in   his     life 
time  as  a  poet,  and 
still     pleasantly     re- 
j  membered     for     the 
J  genuine  sentiment  in 
I  such  poems  as     The 
I   Family  Meeting  and 
I  The     Winged     Wor- 
I   shippers,    though   an 
I  Ode   to    Shakespeare 
HHHI^^^^^^I  was       once        much 
praised.     His   poems 

first  appeared  in  1841,  the  latest  edition 
being  that  of  1876.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1875, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

SPRAGUE,  CHARLES  EZRA,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1842,  in  Nassau,  N.  Y. 
He  is  the  secretary  of  the  Dime  Savings 
institution  in  New  York  city  from  1878; 
and  the  author  of  Logical  Symbolism; 
and  Handbook  of  Volapiik. 

SPRAGUE,  CHARLES  FRANKLIN, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  10,  1857,  in- Boston,  Mass.  In 
1891  and  1892  he  was  in  the  Massachu 
setts  house  of  representatives.  In  1893 
and  1894  he  was  a  member  of,  and  latter 
ly  chairman  of,  the  board  of  park  com 
missioners  of  the  city  of  Boston.  In  1895 
and  1896  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  senate;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SPRAGUE,  CHARLES  JAMES,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  16,  1823,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
For  many  years  he  was  curator  of  bot 
any  in  the  Boston  society  of  Natural  His 
tory,  and  he  is  known  among  cryptog- 
amists  for  his  collection  of  lichens.  He 
has  contributed  poems  to  journals  and 
magazines,  and  has  written  articles  for 
scientific  papers. 

SPRAGUE,  FRANK  JULIAN,  inventor, 
was  born  July  25,  1857,  in  Milford,  Conn. 
He  is  the  inventor  of  the  Sprague  elec 
tric  motors. 

SPRAGUE,  HOMER  BAXTER,  educa 
tor,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  19, 
1829,  in  Sutton,  Mass.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  author,  commentator,  teach 
er,  editor,  lecturer,  and  soldier.  He  en 
tered  educational  work  early  in  life,  be 
came  head  master  of  the  Girls'  High 
school  of  Boston,  Mass.;  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  representative  in  the  Con 
necticut  legislature;  and  was  commis 
sioned  captain,  major,  lieutenant  and 
colonel  in  the  volunteer  army.  He  was 
wounded  in  battle  and  brevetted  for  gal 
lantry  at  Port  Hudson,  La.  He  then  be 
came  professor  in  Cornell  university; 
has  been  president  of  Mills  college;  presi 
dent  of  the  unhersity  of  North  Dakota; 
and  professor  at  the  Drew  Theological 
feminary  of  Madison,  N.  J.  He  has  been 
annotator  and  editor  of  the  masterpieces 
of  the  leading  poets;  and  a  successful  lec 
turer  on  Shakespeare,  Milton,  Goldsmith 
and  others.  He  is  the  author  of  the  His 
tory  of  the  Thirteenth  Connecticut  Vol 
unteers;  of  various  addresses;  and  the 
founder  of  Martha's  Vineyard  Summer  in 
stitute. 

SPRAGUE,  JOHN  TITCOMB,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  July  3,  1810,  in  Newbury 
port,  Mass.  He  was  an  officer  of  the 
United  States  army  who  was  military 
governor  of  Florida  in  1865;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Origin,  etc.,  of  the  Florida  War. 
He  died  Sept.  6,  1878,  in  New  York  city. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


879 


SPRAGUE,  JOHN  WILSON,  soldier, 
merchant,  banker,  was  born  April  4,  1817, 
In  White  Creek,  N.  Y.  He  was  made  'a 
captain  in  the  seventh  Ohio  volunteers  at 
the  beginning  of  the  civil  war,  and  was 
appointed  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
in  1864,  receiving  the  brevet  of  major- 
general  United  States  volunteers  in  1865. 
He  was  engaged  in  various  enterprises, 
and  was  for  five  years  president  of  the 
National  bank  in  Tacoma,  Washington 
territory. 

SPRAGUE.  LEVI  L.,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  .23,  1844,  in  Beekman,  N.  Y. 
He  is  the  author  of  Theoretical  and  Prac 
tical  Bookkeeping;  and  A  Practical 
'Speller. 

SPRAGUE,  MARY  APLIN,  author,  was 
born  in  1849  in  Ohio.  She  is  a  novelist  of 
Newark,  Ohio;  and  the  author  of  An 
Earnest  Trifler. 

SPRAGUE,  NATHAN  TURNER,  ban- 
Tier,  state  senator,  was  born  June  22,  1828, 
in  Mount  Holly,  Vt.  In  1883  he  estab 
lished  the  Sprague  National  bank  of 
Brooklyn,  of  which  he  is  president,  and 
in  1886  the  City  Savings  bank  of  Brook 
lyn.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Ver 
mont  legislature  for  several  terms,  was 
elected  a  state  senator  in  1872,  and  has 
been  a  colonel  on  the  Vermont  military 
staff. 

SPRAGUE,  PELEG,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1756.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1797  to  1799.  He  died  in 
1800. 

SPRAGUE,  PELEG,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman.  United  States  senator,  author, 
was  born  April  27,  1793,  in  Duxbury, 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
legislature  in  1821  and  1822;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Maine 
from  1825  to  1829.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  182£  to  1835.  In  1841  he 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  district  court 
of  the  United  States  for  Massachusetts; 
and  in  1841  was  also  a  presidential  elec 
tor.  He  was  the  author  of  Speeches  and 
Addresses;  and  Decisions  in  Admiralty 
and  Maritime  Cases.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1880, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

SPRAGUE,  WILLIAM,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  governor,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1799,  in  Providence, 
R.  1.  He  was  elected 
to  the  general  as 
sembly;  and  in  1832 
was  chosen  speaker 
of  the  house.  In  1835 
he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  con 
gress  from  Rhode  Is 
land.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Rhode  Is 
land  in  1838  and 
1839;  and  in  1842 
was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate, 

serving  two  years.  In  1849  he  was  a  presi 
dential  elector;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
state  assembly  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  died  Oct.  19,  1856,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

SPRAGUE,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Rhode  Island.  He  moved  to 
Michigan,  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  ±849  to 
1851.  He  died  about  1853. 

SPRAGUE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  manu 
facturer,  banker,  governor,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  12, 
1830,  in  Cranston,  R.  I.  In  1861  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Rhode  Island.  In 
1862  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Rhode  Island  for  the  term  ending  in 
1869.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  senate  in 
1868. 


SPRAGUE,  WILLIAM  BUELL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1795,  in 
Andover,  Conn.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Albany  whose  Annals  of  the 
American  Pulpit  in  ten  glumes  is  the 
work  by  which  he  is  best  known.  Other 
works  of  his  include,  Letters  to  a  Daugh 
ter;  The  Daughter's  Own  Book;  Letters 
from  Europe;  Letters  on  Revivals;  True 
Christianity,  and  Other  Systems;  Life  of 
Edward  Dorr  Griffin;  Letters  to 
Young  Men;  Women  of  the  Bible;  Visits 
to  European  Celebrities:  Life  of  Jedediah 
Morse;  and  Aids  to  Early  Religion.  He 
died  May  7,  1876,  in  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

SPRAGUE,  WILLIAM  P.,  merchant, 
banker,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  21,  1827,  in  Morgan  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  president  of  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  McConnellsville,  Ohio;  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  Ohio  in 
1860  and  1862;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-second 
and  forty-third  congresses  as  a  repuo- 
lican. 

SPREAD,  HENRY  FENTON,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  21,  1844.  in  Ireland.  He  was 
elected  an  academician  of  the  Chicago 
Academy  of  Design  in  1871.  and  became 
its  professor  of  drawing  and  painting.  He 
left  the  institute  to  make  a  two  years' 
tour  in  Italy,  and  on  his  return  founded 
Spread's  Art  academy.  Among  his  works 
are  Chicago  Rising  from  Her  Ashes;  and 
Sad  News. 

SPRECHER,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  Dec.  28, 
1810,  in  Hagerstown,  Md.  He  is  a  luth- 
eran  clergyman,  president  of  Wurtemburg 
seminary  at  Springfield,  Ohio,  in  1849-74, 
and  author  of  The  Groundwork  of  a  Sys 
tem  of  Lutheran  Theology. 

SPRECKELS,  JOHN  DIEDRICH,  mer 
chant,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1853,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  In  1880  he  founded  the  house 
now  known  as  the  J.  D.  Spreckels  and 
Brothers  company,  capital  $2,000,000,  to 
engage  in  trade  with  the  Hawaiian  Is 
lands,  beginning  operations  with  the  little 
two  hundred  ton  schooner  Rosario.  In 
1887  he  established  the  Spreckels  Broth 
ers  Commercial  company  at  San  Diego, 
and  built  one  of  the  finest  wharves,  coal 
depots  and  warehouses  there  on  the  Pa 
cific  coast.  He  is  president  of  the  com 
pany. 

SPRENG,  SAMUEL  P.,  clergyman,  edi 
tor,  author,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1853,  in 
Wayne  county,  Ohio.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  North 
western  college  of 
Naperville,  111.  In 
1876  he  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  the 
Evangelical  associa 
tion;  and  in  1883  was 
elected  presiding  el 
der  and  fraternal 
delegate  to  the  gen 
eral  conference  of 
the  united  brethren 
church.  Since  1887 
he  has  been  editor  of 
The  Evangelical  Messenger  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio;  and  was  one  of  the  editors  of  The 
Standard  Dictionary.  In  1893-95  he  was 
the  president  of  the  Missionary  society; 
and  since  1895  has  been  president  of  the 
Young  People's  alliance.  He  is  the  author 
of  the  History  of  the  Evangelical  Associa 
tion;  Rays  of  Light;  Life  of  Bishop  John 
Seybert,  and  other  works. 

SPRIGG,  JAMES  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1841  to  1843. 


SPRIGG,  MICHAEL  C.,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  frequently  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maryland  legislature;  and  was 
at  one  time  president  of  the  Chesapeake 
and  Ohio  canal.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1820;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1827  to  1831.  He  died 
in  December,  1845,  in  Cumberland,  Md. 

SPRIGG,  RICHARD,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1796  to  1799,  and  from  1801 
to  1802. 

SPRIGG,  SAMUEL,  governor,  was  born 
in  Maryland.  He  was  elected  governor 
of  that  state  in  1819,  remaining  in  office 
until  1822. 

SPRIGG,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1793  to  1796. 

SPRIGG,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  territory  of 
Michigan;  and  in  1806  was  transferred  to 
the  same  position  in  Orleans.  In  1812  he 
was  transferred  to  Louisiana;  and  in  1813 
to  the  territory  of  Illinois.  On  the  admis 
sion  of  Missouri  into  the  union  as  a  state 
he  received  the  appointment  of  district 
judge  for  that  state. 

SPRIGGS,  JOHN  THOMAS,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  5,  1826,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  of 
New  York  in  1853;  and  county  treasurer 
in  1856.  Ho  was  elected  mayor  of  the 
city  of  Utica  in  1868,  and  again  in  1880. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  forty-eighth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

SPRING,  EDWARD  ADOLPHUS,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1837,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1868  he  discovered  at  Eagles- 
wood,  N.  J.,  a  fine  modeling  clay,  pecul 
iarly  suited  to  terra-cotta  work,  and  in 
1877  he  established  at  Perth  Amboy  the 
Eagleswood  Art  Pottery.  At  the  National 
academy  he  exhibited  a  bust  of  Giuseppe 
Mazzini  in  1873,  and  several  terra-cotta 
pieces  in  1878.  Since  1880  he  has  been 
director  of  the  Chautauqua  school  of 
sculpture. 

SPRING,  GARDINER,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1785,  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman,  long  prominent  in  New  York  city 
as  pastor  of  the  Brick  church  in  1810-73; 
and  the  author  of  Power  of  the  Pulpit; 
The  Church  in  the  Wilderness;  Sermons; 
The  Mercy  Seat.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1873, 
in  New  York  city. 

SPRING,  LEVERETT  WILSON,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1840 
in  Vermont.  He  is  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  and  educator,  professor  of  English 
literature  at  the  university  of  Kansas  in 
1881-86,  and  professor  of  rhetoric  at  Wil 
liams  college  from  1886.  He  is  the  author 
of  History  of  Kansas;  and  Mark  Hopkins: 
Teacher. 

SPRING,  LOUIS  GARDINER,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1858,  in  Weathers- 
field,  111.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
York  college  of  Nebraska,  and  at  the  Mac- 
lay  College  of  Theology.  He  has  attained 
success  as  an  eminent  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church,  and  now  fills 
a  pastorate  at  Garden  Grove,  Cal. 

SPRING,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  10,  1746,  in  Northbridge, 
Mass.  In  1775  he  became  a  chaplain  in  the 
army.  In  1799  he  aided  in  founding  the 
Massachusetts  Missionary  society,  of 
which  he  was  president.  He  published 
twenty-five  miscellaneous  discourses;  and 
a  number  of  controversial  works.  He  died 
March  4,  1819,  in  Newburyport,  Mass. 


880 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SPRINGER,  CHARLES  CHESLEY, 
educator,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  was 
born  Nov.  4,  1852,  in  Livermore,  Maine. 
In  1879-80  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Maine  house  of  representatives  from  the 
town  of  Yarmouth. 

SPRINGER,  REBECCA  RUTER.  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1832,  in  In 
dianapolis,  Ind.  She  is  the  author  of  two 
novels  entitled  Beechwood;  and  Self; 
and  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Songs  of 
the  Sea. 

SPRINGER,  REUBEN  RUNYAN,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1800,  in 
Frankfort,  Ky.  He  gave  to  the  Music  hall, 
the  Exposition  building,  the  Odeon  thea 
ter,  and  the  Art  museum  in  Cincinnati,  in 
all  $420,000;  to  private  charities  of  the 
Roman  catholic  church,  of  which  he  was 
a  member,  more  than  $100,000,  and  at 
least  $30,000  annually  in  the  way  of  be 
nevolence,  besides  contributing  liberally 
and  regularly  to  various  charities  and 
public  enterprises.  He  left  about  $3,000,- 
000  to  his  nearest  of  kin,  having  no  child 
ren;  also  annuities  to  the  college  of  Mu 
sic,  the  Music  hall  and  the  Art  museum, 
and  nearly  $400,000  to  \arious  Roman 
catholic  charitable  institutions,  among 
these,  S40.000  to  the  Cathedral  schools, 
$50,000  to  St.  Peter's  Benevolent  society, 
and  $100.000  for  the  education  of  priests. 
He  died  Dec.  10,  1884,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

SPRINGER,  WILLIAM  McKENDREE, 
lawyer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born  May 
30,  1836,  in  Sullivan  county,  Ind.  In  1870- 
72  he  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state 
legislature;  and  for  twenty  years  during 
1875-95  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
the  Springfield  district.  In  1895  he  became 
judge  of  the  United  States  court,  and  chief 
justice  of  the  United  States  court  of  ap 
peals  for  the  Indian  territory,  for  term 
expiring  Dec.  12,  1899. 

SPROAT,  EBENEZER,  soldier,  civil 
engineer,  was  born  in  1752  in  Middlebor- 
ough,  Mass.  In  1775  he  entered  the  army 
as  a  captain,  and  became  a  lieutenant- 
colonel.  He  was  subsequently  a  surveyor 
of  Providence,  R.  I.  He  died  in  Febru 
ary,  1805,  in  Marietta,  Ohio. 

SPRONG,  WILLIAM  ALBERT,  educa 
tor,  lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1859,  in 
Raleigh,  Ind.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Raleigh  academy,  and  the  Adrian 
college,  Michigan.  He  became  principal 
of  the  Elwood  graded  schools;  studied 
law;  and  is  now  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Anderson,  Ind.  He  has  been  reading  clerk 
in  the  Indiana  house  of  representatives; 
deputy  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  fiftieth 
judicial  circuit  of  Indiana;  is  prominent 
in  several  fraternal  orders;  and  takes  a 
prominent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state.  He  has  contributed 
both  prose  and  \erse  to  the  periodical 
press. 

SPROULL,  THOMAS,  reformer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  15,  1803,  near  Freeport,  Pa. 
He  was  a  reformed  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  Pittsburg,  who  published  Prelec 
tions  on  Theology. 

SPRUANCE,  PRESLEY,  merchant, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1785 
in  Delaware.  He  served  in  the  Delaware 
state  senate  and  was  president  of  that 
body.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from. 
Delaware  from  1847  to  1853.  He  died  Feb. 
13,  1863,  in  Smyrna,  Del. 

SPURGEON,  JAMES  ARBUTHNOT,  ed 
ucator,  lawyer,  was  born  in  1868  in  Brown 
county,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  Missouri  Normal  school  of  Kirks- 
ville,  Mo.  He  then  entered  educational 
work;  studied  law;  and  is  now  one  of 
the  leading  lawyers  of  his  native  state  at 
Joplin. 


SQUIER,  EPHRAIM  GEORGE,  arch 
aeologist,  author,  was  born  June  17,  1821, 
in  Bethlehem,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  archaeolo 
gist  and  diplomatist,  consul  to  Peru  in 
1863-65,  and  consul-general  of  Honduras 
at  New  York  in  1868.  He  was  the  author 
of  Nicaragua:  Mexican  Hieroglyphics; 
Ancient  Monuments  of  the  Mississippi 
Valley  (with  E.  H.  Davis);  Antiquities  of 
the  State  of  New  York;  Waikna,  or  Ad 
ventures  on  the  Mosquito  Coast;  The 
States  of  Central  America;  Serpent  Sym 
bols;  and  Peru.  He  died  April  17,  1888, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

SQUIER.  KITTIE  ESTELLA,  artist, 
poet,  was  born  June  10,  1862,  in  William 
son,  N.  Y.  After  receiving  her  education 
she  began  educational  work;  has  been  a 
book-keeper,  and  has  acquired  success  as 
an  artist,  having  taken  se\eral  prizes  for 
pencil  drawing,  pen  and  ink  illustrations 
and  designs;  and  two  of  her  pictures  ex 
hibited  at  the  World's  Columbian  exposi 
tion  were  favorably  reported.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems, 
some  of  which  have  been  given  a  place  in 
Poets  of  America  and  other  standard 
works. 

SQUIRE,  WATSON  CARVOSSO,  soldier, 
financier,  congressman,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  May  18,  1838,  in 
Cape  Vincent,  N.  Y. 
In  1862  he  received 
commission  from  the 
governor  of  Ohio  to 
raise  the  seventh  in 
dependent  company 
of  sharpshooters,  of 
which  he  was  com 
missioned  .captain. 
He  served  with  the 
I  army  of  the  Cumber- 
I  land,  and  command- 
I  ed  the  battalion  of 
'  Ohio  sharpshooters 
in  1863.  His  company  was  selected  by 
General  Sherman  as  his  sole  headquarters 
escort  and  body  guard  in  the  march  to  the 
sea.  He  was  appointed  judge  advocate  of 
the  district  of  Tennessee,  on  the  staff  of 
Major-General  Rousseau;  served  on  the 
staff  of  General  Thomas  in  the  battle  of 
Nashville;  was  brevetted  major,  lieuten 
ant-colonel,  and  colonel;  and  was  mus 
tered  out  of  the  service  in  August,  1865. 
He  was  engaged  in  business  in  the  city  of 
New  York  and  at  Ilion,  N.  Y.,  in  the  man 
ufacture  and  sale  of  Remington  breech- 
loading  arms  and  ammunition  for  years; 
and  \isited  European  countries  and  Mexi 
co  for  this  purpose.  After  disposing  of 
his  interest  in  this  business  he  became  in 
terested  in  the  territory,  now  state  of 
Washington,  where  he  has  engaged  in 
farming  and  other  business  since  the  year 
1879.  He  was  governor  of  the  territory  in 
1884-87;  and  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1889,  and  re-elected  in 
1891. 

STACY,  EDWIN  CLARK,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1814,  in 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  Hamilton 
academy  of  his  na 
tive  city,  and  the 
Erie  academy,  Penn 
sylvania.  In  1836  he 
moved  to  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich.;  there  studied 
law,  and  was  admitt 
ed  to  the  bar  in  1840 
at  Tecumseh,  Mich. 
In  1856  he  moved 
west,  located  a  gov 
ernment  claim  at  the 
head  of  Geneva  lake, 
in  the  then  wilds  of  Minnesota.  In  1856  he 
was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  organize 
Freeborn  county;  and  in  1857  he  was 


elected  to  the  constitutional  comention 
which  framed  the  organic  law  of  the  state, 
and  served  in  that  body  with  marked 
ability.  In  1859  he  moved  to  Albert  Lee; 
was  elected  three  terms  as  county  audi 
tor;  served  as  judge  of  probate;  and 
one  term  as  superintendent  of  schools. 
He  was  city  justice  from  1875  until  his. 
death,  which  occurred  on  Sept.  5,  1896. 

STACY.  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  2,  1830,  in  Liberty  county, 
Ga.  In  1757  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Newnan,  Ga.,  presbyterian  church. 
He  is  president  of  the  board  of  directors 
of  the  Theological  seminary  at  Colum 
bia,  S.  C.  He  has  published  a  prize  essay 
on  the  Holy  Sabbath;  Water  Baptism; 
and  Day  of  Rest. 

STAFFORD,  CHARLES  LEWIS,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Sept.  26, 
1844,  in  Miami  county,  Ohio.  Since  1891 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Iowa  Wes- 
leyan  university. 

STAGER,  ANSON,  soldier,  was  bora 
April  20,  1825,  in  Ontario  county,  N.  Y. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war,  attaining  for 
meritorious  services  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general. 

STAHEL,    JULIUS,    soldier,    journalist, 
was  born  Nov.   4,   1825.  in   Hungary.     la 
1863  he  was  commissioned  major-general. 
He  resigned  from  the 
army  in  1865.  In  186ft 
he  was  made  United 
States  consul  at  Yo 
kohama,   Japan,    but 
after  three  years'  res 
idence  there  he  was 
compelled   to    return 
on    account    of    im 
paired     health.       He 
was  engaged  in  min 
ing     from     1870     till 
1877,    when    he    was 
again  appointed  con 
sul   to  Japan.     There  he  remained   until 
March,  1884.  when   he  was  made   United 
States  consul-general  at  Shanghai. 

STAHLE,  JAMES  A.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1830,  in  West 
Chester,  Pa.  He  enlisted  in  1861  as  cap 
tain  of  company  A,  eighty-seventh  Penn 
sylvania  volunteers,  and  was  promoted 
major  and  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was, 
deputy  collector  of  internal  revenue  at 
York  for  more  than  fifteen  years.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

STAHLNECKER,  WILLIAM  G.,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  June  20, 
1849,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
mayor  of  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  in  1884,  for  a 
term  of  two  years.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  and  fifty-second 
congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  served  on 
several  important  committees  while  a 
member  of  congress. 

STAHR,  JOHN  S.,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1841,  in  Bucks 
county,  Pa.  He  was  professor  of  German 
and  history  during  1867-72  in  Franklin 
and  Marshall  college;  professor  of  natu 
ral  science  from  1872-90;  and  since  that 
time  has  been  its  president. 

STAIGG,  RICHARD  MORRELL,  artist, 
was  born  Sept.  7,  1817,  in  England.  Some 
of  his  miniatures  were  exhibited  at  the 
Royal  academy,  and  received  warm  praise. 
The  last  twenty  years  of  his  life  were  de 
voted  to  painting  life-size  portraits  in  oil, 
as  well  as  genre  pieces  and  landscapes. 
He  died  Oct.  11,  1881,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 


HEIRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


881 


STAKEBAKE,  ANDREW  J.,  soldier, 
educator,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born 
March  16,  1843,  in  Preble  county,  Ohio. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  three  years 
as  a  soldier  in  company  E,  thirty-fifth 
Ohio  volunteer  infantry;  and  was  totally 
disabled  in  the  left  arm  by  a  gunshot  at 
Missionary  Ridge  Nov.  25,  1863.  For  many 
years  he  was  engaged  in  missionary 
work;  was  county  school  superintendent; 
president  of  the  city  school  board  of  Win 
chester.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  law 
yers  of  Indiana  at  Winchester;  has  serv 
ed  two  terms  as  deputy  prosecuting  attor 
ney;  one  term  as  deputy  county  treas 
urer;  and  two  terms  during  1893-95  as 
representative  in  the  Indiana  state  legis 
lature. 

STALEY,  CADY,  civil  engineer,  college 
presidtnt,  author,  was  born  in  1840  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  civil  engineer,  presi 
dent  of  the  Case  School  of  Applied  Sci 
ence  at  Cleveland;  and  author  of  The  Sep 
arate  System  of  Sewerage. 

STALEY,  ERASTUS  H.,  journalist,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1830,  in 
Tippecance  county,  Ind.  In  1862  he  was 
made  president  of  the  Male  and  Female 
college  at  Valparaiso,  Ind.,  where  he  re 
mained  nearly  three  years.  In  1872  he 
closed  his  career  as  a  teacher,  and  he 
at  once  assumed  the  editorial  control 
and  management  of  the  Frankfort  Cres 
cent  in  Frankfort,  Ind. 

STALL,  SYLVANUS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  18,  1847,  in  Elizaville,  N. 
Y.  Since  1890  he  has  been  associate  editor 
of  the  Lutheran  Ob 
server  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  the 
author  of  Pastor's 
Pocket  Record;  Min 
ister's  Handbook  to 
Lutheran  Hymns  in 
the  Book  of  Wor 
ship;  How  to  Pay 
Church  Debts  and 
How  to  Keep 
Churches  Out  of 
Debt;  Methods  of 
Church  Work;  and 
other  works  on  religious  subjects. 

STALLINGS,  JESSE  F.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April  4, 
1856,  in  Manningham,  Ala.  In  1877  he 
graduated  from  the 
university  of  Alaba 
ma,  and  studied  law 
at  the  same  institu 
tion.  Since  1879  he 
has  practiced  law  in 
Greenville;  was 

elected  solicitor  for 
the  second  judicial 
circuit  in  1886  for  a 
term  of  six  years; 
and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  dem 
ocratic  convention 
in  1888.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third, 
fifty-fourth,  and  fifty-fifth  congresses. 

STALLO,  JOHN  BERNHARD,  lawyer, 
diplomat,  author,  was  born  March  16,  1823, 
in  Germany.  He  is  a  Cincinnati  lawyer, 
and  was  minister  to  Italy  in  1885.  He 
is  the  author  of  Concepts  and  Theories  of 
Modern  Physics;  and  General  Principles 
of  the  Philosophy  of  Nature. 

STALLWORTH,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  7,  1822,  in  Conecuh  county,  Ala.  He 
served  in  the  Alabama  legislature  during 
the  years  1845-48;  and  was  twice  elected 
solicitor  for  his  district.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Alabama  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-sixth  congress,  but  withdrew 
in  1861  to  take  part  in  the  rebellion. 
56 


STANARD,  EDWIN  O.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1832,  in  New 
port,  N.  H.  He  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Missouri  in  1868;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  forty-third  congress. 

STANBERRY,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Essex  county,  N.  J.  He  re 
sided  in  Licking  county;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1827  to  1833. 

STANBERY,  HENRY,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  20,  1803,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  elected  by  the  assembly  of  Ohio  the 
first  attorney-general  of  that  state  in 
1846;  and  in  1866  was  appointed  attorney- 
general  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
June  26,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

STANCHrlELD,  HOLLIS  J.,  educator, 
was  born  Feb.  19,  1847,  in  Eastport,  Maine. 
He  recened  his  education  in  the  Oskaloo- 
sa  college,  Iowa;  and  has  been  engaged 
in  educational  work  for  more  than  a  quar 
ter  of  a  century.  He  has  been  county  su 
perintendent  of  schools;  and  filled  va 
rious  other  public  positions  of  trust  in 
Rushville,  Neb. 

STANCHFIELD,  MATTIE  CRESS,  poet. 
She  has  contributed  both  prose  and  verse 
extensively  to  the  periodical  press;  and 
some  of  her  poems  have  been  given  a 
place  in  Poets  of  America,  and  other 
standard  works. 

STANDEFORD,  ELISHA  D..  manufac 
turer,  banker,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1831,  in  Jefferson  coun 
ty,  Ky.  He  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate  in  1868  and  1871  from  Louisville;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

STANDIFER,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1823  to  1825,  and  again 
from  1829  to  1837.  He  died  Aug.  24,  1836, 
in  Kingston,  Tenn. 

STANDISH.  JOHN  V.  N.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1825,  in 
Woodstock,  Vt.  For  forty  years  he  was 
the  honored  president  of  the  Lombard 
university  of  Galesburg,  111. 

STANDLEE,  E.  LEE,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1864,  in  Amity, 
Ark.  He  graduated  from  the  American 

Medical  college  of  St. 

Louis,  Mo.,  and  since 
1885  has  practiced 
medicine  and  sur 
gery  in  that  city. 
He  has  since  also 
filled  the  chair  as 
professor  of  general 
pathological  and  sur 
gical  anatomy  in  the 
;  American  Medical 
college.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  St. 
Louis  Eclectic  Med 
ical  society;  president  of  the  Missouri 
Eclectic  Medical  society;  vice-president  of 
the  state  board  of  health  of  Missouri,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical  so 
cieties. 

STANDRIDGE,  HOWELL  COBB,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1851, 
in  White  county,  Ga.  In  1873  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  but  did  not  follow  that 
profession  very  long.  He  has  been  prin 
cipally  engaged  as  an  educator  in  the 
first  free  schools  of  Georgia,  and  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Young  Harris  col 
lege  and  the  Hiawassee  High  school,  of 
which  latter  institution  he  was  offered 
the  presidency.  He  is  a  successful  clergy 
man  of  Hiawassee,  Ga.,  and  has  filled  nu 
merous  positions  of  honor. 


STANFORD,  LELAND,  merchant,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  9,  1824,  in  Watervliet,  N.  Y.  In 
1856  he  ,  moved  to 
San  Francisco  to  en 
gage  in  mercantile 
pursuits  on  a  large 
scale.  He  was  a  del 
egate  to  the  republi 
can  national  conven 
tion  in  1860,  and  in 
1861-63  was  governor 
of  California.  As 
president  of  the  Cen 
tral  Pacific  Railroad 
company  he  superin 
tended  its  construc 
tion  over  the  mountains,  building  530 
miles  of  it  in  293  days.  He  became  inter 
ested  in  other  railroads  on  the  Pacific 
slope,  in  agriculture,  and  in  manufactures. 
In  1885  he  was  elected  United  States 
senator  from  California  for  the  term  of 
six  years  from  March  4,  1886;  and  re 
ceived  the  re-election  in  1890.  He  died 
June  21,  1893,  in  Palo  Alto,  Cal. 

STANFORD,  RICHARD,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1769.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1797  to  1816.  He  died  April  9,  1816,  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C. 

STANLEY,  ANTHONY  DUMOND, 
mathematician,  author,  was  born  April  2, 
1810,  in  East  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was 
an  educator  who  was  a  professor  of  math 
ematics  at  Yale  university  in  1836-53,  and 
the  author  of  Elementary  Treatise  of 
Spherical  Geometry  and  Trigonometry; 
and  Tables  of  Logarithms.  He  died  March 
16,  1853,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

STANLEY,  DAVID  SLOAN,  soldier,  was 
born  June  1,  1828,  in  Cedar  Valley,  Ohio. 
During  1855-61  he  took  part  in  the  In 
dian  wars;  and  in  1861  was  appointed 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He  sub 
sequently  won  the  title  of  brevet  major- 
general  at  the  battle  of  Franklin,  where 
he  defeated  Hood.  He  is  on  the  retired 
list,  and  is  the  commander  of  the  Sol 
diers'  home  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

STANLEY,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  about  1811  in  New  Berne, 
N.  C.  He  served  three  years  in  the  house 
of  commons  of  North  Carolina,  and  was 
speaker  of  that  body.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
twenty-fifth,  twenty-sixth,  twenty-sev 
enth,  thirtieth,  thirty-first  and  thirty- 
second  congresses.  He  moved  to  Califor 
nia,  where  he  devoted  himself  to  the  prac 
tice  of  law,  and  was  recalled  from  there  by 
President  Lincoln  in  1862  to  assume  the 
duties  of  military  governor  of  North  Car 
olina.  He  died  July  12,  1872,  in  San 
Francisco.  Cal. 

STANLEY,  HENRY  MORTON,  explor 
er,  author,  was  born  in  1840  near  Den 
bigh,  Wales.  He  is  a  celebrated  African 
explorer.  In  1855  he  was  adopted  by  a 
New  Orleans  merchant,  whose  name  he 
took.  He  was  sent  by  the  New  York 
Herald  in  search  of  Livingstone  in  1870, 
and  was  again  sent  to  Africa  by  the  Her 
ald  in  1874.  In  1879  he  accompanied  an 
African  expedition  sent  by  the  king  of  the 
Belgians,  which  resulted  in  the  establish 
ment  of  the  Congo  Free  State.  He  is  the 
author  of  How  I  Found  Livingstone;  My 
Kalulu,  Prince,  King  and  Slave,  a  study 
of  Central  Africa;  Coomassie  and  Mag- 
dala;  Through  the  Dark  Continent;  The 
Congo  and  the  Founding  of  Its  Free 
State;  In  Darkest  Africa;  My  Dark  Com 
panions;  My  Early  Travels  in  America 
and  Asia;  and  Slavery  and  the  Slave 
Trade  in  India. 


882 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


STANLEY,  JOHN,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  North  Carolina. 
He  was  a  distinguished  member  of  the 
legislature  of  North  Carolina,  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1801  to  1803,  and  again  from  1809  to 
1811.  He  died  Aug.  3,  1834,  in  New  Berne, 
N.  C. 

STANLY,  FABIUS,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Dec.  15,  1815,  in  New  Berne,  N.  C. 
He  served  In  the  Mexican  and  civil  wars, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  rear-admiral. 
He  died  Sept.  5,  1882,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

STANSBURY,  ARTHUR  J.,  author,  was 
born  in  1781  in  New  York  city.  Besides 
contributing  to  periodicals,  he  published 
several  sermons  and  addresses,  and  was 
the  author  of  Elementary  Catechism  on 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States;  and 
a  Report  of  the  Trial  of  Judge  James  H. 
Peck,  or  an  Impeachment  by  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  about  1848. 

STANSBURY.  HOWARD,  explorer, 
civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8, 
1806,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  an  ex 
plorer  who  was  a  topographical  engineer 
in  the  United  States  army,  and  published 
An  Expedition  to  Great  Salt  Lake.  He 
died  April  17,  1863,  in  Madison,  Wis. 

STANSBURY,  PHILIP,  traveler,  au 
thor,  was  born  about  1802.  He  was  the 
author  of  A  Pedestrian  Tour  of  Two 
Thousand  Three  Hundred  Miles  in  North 
America,  to  the  Lakes,  the  Canadas,  and 
the  New  England  States,  Performed  in 
the  autumn  of  1821.  He  died  about  1870. 

STANSEL,  MARTIN  L.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  April  23,  1824, 
in  Savannah,  Ga.  In  1844  he  graduated 
from  the  university  of  Alabama;  has 
been  judge  of  the  circuit  court,  and  dur 
ing  1861-65  he  served  as  colonel  of  the 
forty-first  regiment  confederate  states  vol 
unteers.  In  1865  he  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Alabama  state  constitutional  con 
vention;  and  for  many  years  has  served 
with  distinction  as  representative  and 
state  senator  of  the  Alabama  state  legis 
lature.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  the  south  at  Carrollton,  Ala. 

STANTON,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  June  4, 
1809,  in  Mount  Pleasant,  Ohio.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  state  senate  in  1841; 
resigned  in  1842,  but  was  re-elected  the 
same  year.  In  October,  1850,  he  was 
elected  to  the  house  of  representatives  of 
the  thirty-second  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-fourth,  thirty-fifth 
and  thirty-sixth  congresses.  In  1862  he 
was  lieutenant-governor  of  Ohio. 

STANTON,  EDWIN  McMASTERS, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  19,  1814,  in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  In 
1842  he  was  elected 
reporter  of  the  deci 
sions  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Ohio,  and  in 
1848  formed  a  law 
partnership  at  Pitts- 
burg.  He  soon  after 
wards  began  to  be 
much  employed  in 
the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States 
which  compelled  him 
to  remove  to  Wash 
ington  in  1857.  In 
1858  he  was  sent,  by  the  government,  to 
California  to  defend  its  interests  in  cer 
tain  important  land  cases  in  that  state, 
and  in  1860  went  into  President  Buchan 
an's  cabinet  as  attorney-general.  In  1862 
he  was  appointed  secretary  of  war.  In 
1869  he  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
died  Dec.  24,  1869,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


STANTON,  ELIZABETH  CADY,  suffra 
gist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  12,  '1815,  in 
Johnstown,  N.  Y.  In  1848,  chiefly  through 
her  efforts,  the  first  woman's  rights  con 
vention  was  formed  and  held  in  Seneca 
Falls,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  author  of  a  His 
tory  of  the  Woman  Suffrage  Movement. 

STANTON,  FRANK  LEBBY,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  in  1858  in  Georgia. 
He  is  a  journalist  and  popular  verse-wri 
ter  of  Atlanta,  and  the  author  of  Songs 
of  the  Soil. 

STANTON,  FREDERICK  PERRY, 
business  man,  lawyer,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1814,  in  Alex 
andria,  Va.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Tennessee  from  1845 
to  1855;  and  was  appointed  governor  of 
the  territory  of  Kansas  in  1858. 

STANTON,  HENRY,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1796  in  Vermont.  He  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  for  meritorious  conduct 
in  the  Mexican  war  in  1847.  He  died  Aug. 
1,  1856,  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

STANTON,  HENRY  BREWSTER,  jour 
nalist,  reformer,  author,  was  born  June 
29,  1805,  in  Griswolcl,  Conn.  He  was  a 
journalist  and  reformer  of  New  York  city, 
and  the  author  of  Sketches  of  Reforms 
and  Reformers  in  Great  Britain  and  Ire 
land;  and  Random  Recollections.  He  died 
Jan.  14,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

STANTON,  HENRY  THOMPSON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  journalist,  poet,  was  born 
June  30,  1834,  in  Alexandria,  Va.  He  is 
an  officer  in  the  United  States  army,  and 
an  Indian  commissioner.  He  has  written 
much  humorous  verse.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Moneyless  Man,  and  Other  Poems; 
and  Jacob  Brown,  and  Other  Poems. 

STANTON,  JOSEPH,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  July  19, 
1739,  in  Charleston,  R.  I.  He  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  Rhode  Island  from 
1790  to  1793;  and  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1801  to  1807.  He  died  about 
1807  in  Charleston,  R.  1. 

STANTON,  OSCAR  FITZALAN,  naval 
officer,  was  born  July  18,  1834,  in  Sag 
Harbor,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the  navy  as 
acting  midshipman  in  1849,  and  was  grad 
uated  from  the  United  States  naval  acad 
emy  at  Annapolis  in  1855,  promoted  to 
master  in  1855;  commissioned  lieuten 
ant  in  1856,  and  became  a  commodore. 

STANTON,  RICHARD  HENRY,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1812,  in  Alexan 
dria,  Va.  Being  elected  from  Kentucky 
to  congress  as  a  democrat,  he  served  from 
1849  till  1855,  and  was  presidential  elector 
on  the  Buchanan  ticket  in  1856;  state  at 
torney  for  his  judicial  district  in  1858; 
a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic  con 
vention  in  1868,  and  district  judge  in 
1868-74.  He  edited  the  Maysville  Moni 
tor  and  the  Maysville  Express,  and  pub 
lished  a  Code  of  Practice  in  Civil  and 
Criminal  Cases  in  Kentucky;  Practical 
Treatises  for  Justices  of  the  Peace,  etc., 
of  Kentucky;  and  a  Practical  Manual  for 
Executors  in  Kentucky. 

STANTON,  STILES  TRUMBULL,  jour 
nalist,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  10, 
1849,  in  Stonington,  Conn.  He  was  ex 
ecutive  secretary  of  state  in  Connecticut 
in  1879-80,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  representatives  in  1881-82,  and 
served  in  the  state  senate  in  1884-86,  being 
president  pro  tempore  in  1885-86.  Early 
in  life  he  devoted  himself  to  journalism, 
and  became  connected  with  the  Norwich, 
Conn.,  Bulletin  and  the  Worcester,  Mass., 
Press,  achieving  a  reputation  as  a  humor 
ist.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1888,  in  New  York 
city. 


bTANTON,  THEODORE,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1851,  in  Seneca 
Falls,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  journalist  living  in 
Paris,  and  the  author  of  The  Woman 
Question  in  Europe. 

STANTON,  WILLIAM  A.,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  March  5,  1854,  in  Law- 
renceville,  Pa.  He  has  filled  pastorates 
in  various  churches  of  the  baptist  denom 
ination.  He  is  the  author  of  the  Stanton 
Genealogy;  and  A  History  of  the  First 
Baptist  Church  of  Rockford,  111. 

STANTON,  WILLIAM  H.,  congressman. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

STANWOOD,  EDWARD,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1841  in  Maine.  He  is  a 
Boston  journalist,  managing  editor  of  The 
Youth's  Companion,  and  the  author  of  A 
History  of  Presidential  Elections;  and 
History  of  Cotton  Manufacture  in  New 
England. 

STAPLES,  ERNEST  LINWOOD,  law 
yer,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  10, 
1856,  in  Monroe,  Conn.  He  received  a 
thorough  education  under  private  tutors, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Connecti 
cut  in  1883;  and  practiced  his  profession 
in  Shelton  since  1886.  In  1896  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  Unitarian  ministry  at  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Man  of 
Destiny,  an  epic  having  Abraham  Lincoln 
for  its  subject;  and  also  the  author  of 
Our  Ulysses,  and  Other  Poems. 

STAPLES,  WILLIAM  READ,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1798,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  associate  judge 
of  the  Rhode  Island  supreme  court  from 
1835  till  1854;  and  was  chief  justice  of 
that  court  in  1854-56.  He  edited  the  second 
volume  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  so 
ciety's  collections,  and  Samuel  Gorton's 
Simplicities'  Defence  Against  Seven-Head 
ed  Policy  (Providence);  and  issued  Docu 
mentary  History  of  the  Destruction  of  the 
Gaspe  (1845);  Proceedings  of  the  First 
General  Assembly  for  the  Incorporation 
of  Providence  Plantations  in  1647;  and 
Rhode  Island  Form-Book.  He  died  Oct. 
19,  1868,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

STARBUCK,  CALVIN  WASHBURN, 
journalist,  was  born  April  20,  1822,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  established  the  Cin 
cinnati  Times,  an  afternoon  newspaper. 
To  his  exertions  and  generosity  are  main 
ly  due  the  Relief  union,  the  Home  of  the 
Friendless,  and  other  charitable  insti 
tutions  of  Cincinnati,  while  his  private 
gifts  were  many  and  constant.  He  died 
Nov.  15,  1870,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

STARIN,  JOHN  H.,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  27,  1827,  in  Sammonsville,  N.  Y. 
He  received  an  academic  education;  com- 

menced  the  study  of 

medicine  in  1842, 
and  established  and 
conducted  the  drug 
and  medicine  busi- 
^  ^^  ness  at  Fultonville 

from  1845  to  1858. 
/A.  JWM  From  1848  to  1852  he 
••-~\  was  postmaster  at 

Fultonville, and  from 
1856  to  the  present 
time  has  been  large 
ly  engaged  in  the 
transportation  busi 
ness  through  the  city,  river  and  harbor 
and  waters  of  Long  Island  Sound,  and  its 
accessories  of  vessel  building.  He  is  at 
present  a  director  of  the  North  River 
bank,  New  York  city,  and  the  Mohawk 
River  National  bank,  and  is  greatly  and 
personally  interested  in  agriculture  and 
stocking.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-sixth  congress  as  a  republican. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


883 


STARK,  BENJAMIN,  merchant,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
torn  June  26,  1820,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 
In  1845  he  settled  in  Oregon,  and  estab 
lished  commercial  relations  with  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  and  with  California, 
then  a  Mexican  province.  In  1852  he  was 
a  member  of  the  territorial  legislature 
at  Oregon,  and  in  1860  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  of  that  state.  He 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Oregon 
.during  parts  of  the  years  1861  and  1862, 
in  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 

STARK,  CALEB,  lawyer,  state  legislat 
or,  author,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1804,  in 
Dunbarton,  N.  H.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  Hampshire  legislature,  and  was 
the  author  of  Reminiscences  of  the  French 
War,  containing  Rogers's  Expeditions 
with  the  New  England  Rangers,  and  an 
Account  of  the  Life  and  Military  Service 
of  John  Stark;  Memoir  and  Official  Cor 
respondence  of  Gen.  John  Stark,  with  No 
tices  of  other  Officers  of  the  Revolution; 
#nd  a  History  of  Dunbarton,  N.  H.,  from 
the  Grant  by  Mason's  Assigns  in  1751  to 
1860.  He  died  Feb.  1,  1864,  in  Dunbarton, 
N.  H. 

STARK,  CHARLES  B.,  lawyer,  author, 
son  of  Hon.  Joseph  C.  Stark  of  Tennessee. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  and  the  author  of  Stark's  Missouri 
Digest  in  three  volumes. 

STARK,  HENRY  M.,  statistician,  was 
born  April  14,  1845,  in  Flanders,  N.  J. 
He  received  a  thorough  education  in  the 
public  schools;  and  has  principally  been 
engaged  in  railroad  positions.  During 
1889-91  he  was  commissioner  of  labor  and 
industrial  statistics  of  the  state  of  Wis 
consin.  He  has  contributed  extensively  to 
the  periodical  press;  and  takes  an  active 
part  in  the  public  affairs  of  South  Supe 
rior,  Wis. 

STARK,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  Aug. 
28,  1728,  in  Londonderry,  N.  H.  He  was 
a  brigadier-general,  and  is  a  conspicuous 
figure  in  American  history,  by  his  vic 
tory  over  the  British  at  Bennington,  Aug. 
16,  1777,  and  by  his  words  before  going 
into  battle:  There  are  the  red-coats;  we 
must  beat  them  to-day,  or  Molly  Stark  is 
a  widow!  He  dted  May  8,  1832,  in  Man 
chester,  N.  H. 

STARK,  JOSEPH  CARTER,  state  sena 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1817,  in 
Sumner  county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  Ten 
nessee  state  senator,  and  judge  of  the 
tenth  judicial  circuit  court  of  Tennessee. 
He  died  March  6,  1890. 

STARK,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  poet,  was 
born  about  1820  in  Manchester,  N.  H.  He 
devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits  and 
to  the  care  of  a  large  collection  of  rare 
birds  and  animals.  His  park  in  Man 
chester,  N.  H.,  which  was  open  to  the 
public,  was  widely  known.  He  wrote 
several  poems,  and  frequently  lectured. 
He  died  Oct.  29,  1873,  jn  Somerville,  Mass. 

STARK,  WILLIAM  LEDYARD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  July  29, 
1853,  in  Mystic,  Conn.  He  was  commis 
sioned  major  and  judge-advocate-general 
of  the  Nebraska  national  guard,  and  was 
nominated  for  congress  by  the  populists 
and  afterwards  by  the  democrats,  and 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

STARKEY,  THOMAS  ALFRED,  bishop 
of  Newark,  N.  J.,  was  born  in  1824  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  elected  bishop 
of  northern  New  Jersey  in  1879,  and  was 
consecrated  on  Jan.  8,  1880.  The  name  of 
his  diocese  was  changed  to  Newark  in 
1886,  and  about  the  same  time  the  bishop 
removed  his  resid«nce  to  East  Orange. 


STARKWEATHER,  AMELIA  MINER 
VA,  educator,  poet,  was  born  in  Stark- 
ville,  N.  Y.  She  received  her  education 
at  the  Gary  collegi 
ate  seminary  of  Oak- 
field,  N.  Y.  She  has 
principally  been  en 
gaged  in  educational 
work;  for  four  years 
was  traveling  finan 
cial  agent  for  the  Or 
phans'  home  of  Ran 
dolph,  N.  Y.  She  en 
tered  the  Deaconess 
home  at  Buffalo,  and 
six  months  later 
went  as  superintend 
ent  of  the  Deaconess  home  of  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  For  three  years  she  was  president 
of  the  Woman's  Missionary  society;  has 
lectured  extensively,  and  given  numerous 
public  readings.  She  has  written  both 
prose  and  verse  for  the  periodical  press, 
and  many  of  her  poems  have  been  given  a 
place  in  standard  works. 

STARKWEATHER,  DAVID  A.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Connecticut. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1839  to  1841,  and 
again  from  1845  to  1847.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1848,  and  was  minister 
to  Chili  from  1854  to  1857. 

STARKWEATHER,  GEORGE  A.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1847  to  1849. 

STARKWEATHER,  GEORGE  B.,  cler 
gyman,  inventor,  translator,  author.  He 
has  been  a  missionary  for  twenty  years; 
has  been  a  translator  in  five  different 
languages,  and  is  the  author  of  half  a 
dozen  books. 

STARKWEATHER,  HENRY  HOW 
ARD,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  29,  1826,  in  Preston, 
Conn.  He  served  in  the  Connecticut  state 
legislature,  and  in  1861  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Norwich.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Connecti 
cut  to  the  fortieth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-first,  forty-second, 
forty-third  and  forty-fourth  congresses  as 
a  republican.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1876,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

STARKWEATHER,  JOHN  CONVERSE, 
soldier,  congressman,  was  born  May  11, 
1830,  in  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
colonel  in  the  New  York  twelfth  artillery. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  congress  dur 
ing  1847-49.  He  died  Nov.  15,  1890,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

STARKWEATHER,  JOHN  L.,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  4,  1844,  in  Romeo,  Mich.  He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city; 
attended  Eastman's  Business  college  of 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.;  and  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  Michigan. 
He  commenced  life  as  a  school  teacher, 
and  all  his  life  has  been  prominently 
identified  with  temperance  movements 
and  societies.  He  has  attained  success 
as  an  able  lawyer,  his  specialties  being 
patents  and  pensions.  Since  1891  he  has 
been  a  prominent  Forester,  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  various  other  fraternal  orders  in 
his  native  city. 

STARKWEATHER,  PERRY,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1844,  in 
Oakland  county,  Mich.  During  the  war 
he  served  in  the  union  army  for  over  four 
years  in  company  I,  ninth  regiment,  Mich 
igan  volunteer  infantry,  and  is  prominent 
in  the  affairs  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic  of  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  where  he 
is  a  successful  manufacturer  of  knit 
goods. 


STARR,  CHARLES  RICHARD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  15,  1824,  in  Nova 
Scotia.  He  moved  to  Illinois  in  1842,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849.  For 
four  years  he  was  county  judge,  and  for 
the  past  sixteen  years  has  been  judge  of 
the  circuit  court. 

STARR,  ELIZA  ALLEN,  lecturer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1824,  in  Deer- 
field,  Mass.  She  is  an  art  lecturer  in  Chi 
cago,  and  the  author  of  Patron  Saints; 
Pilgrims  and  Shrines;  and  Songs  of  a 
Lifetime. 

STARR,  FREDERIC  RATCHFORD, 
farmer,  author,  was  born  June  18,  1821, 
in  Nova  Scotia.  He  is  a  noted  dairy 
farmer  of  Litchfield,  Conn.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Didley  Dumps,  the  Newsboy;  May 
I  Not?  What  Can  I  Do?  Farm  Echoes; 
and  From  Shore  to  Shore. 

STARR,  JOHN  F.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1818  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1863 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress. 

STARR,  MOSES  ALLEN,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1854  in  New  York.  He 
is  a  physician  of  New  York  city,  promi 
nent  as  a  neurologist,  and  the  author  of 
Familiar  Forms  of  Nervous  Diseases; 
Lectures  on  Insanity;  and  Brain  Surgery. 
He  also  is  a  constant  contributor  to  medi 
cal  literature. 

STARR,  WILLIAM  GABRIEL,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Sept. 
26,  1840,  in  Rappahannock  county,  Va. 
He  entered  the  ministry  in  1860,  and  has 
since  filled  the  leading  stations  in  tBe 
Virginia  annual  conference  of  the  method- 
ist  episcopal  church  south.  For  five  years 
he  was  president  of  the  Wesleyan  Fe 
male  college  of  Murfreesboro,  N.  C. 

STARRS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1807,  in  Ireland.  In  1853  he  was 
appointed  rector  of  St.  Patrick's  cathedral 
and  vicar-general  of  the  archdiocese  of 
New  York,  and  in  1864  he  was  administra 
tor  of  the  diocese  until  the  succeeding 
bishop  was  appointed.  He  died  Feb.  6, 
1873,  in  New  York  city. 

START,  HENRY  R.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  28, 
1845,  in  Bakersfield,  Vt.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Bakersfield 
and  Barre  academy. 
During  the  civil  war 
he  was  a  member  of 
company  A,  third 
regiment  Vermont 
volunteer  infantry. 
He  is  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of 
New  England  at 
Bakersfield;  has  held 
the  office  of  state's 
attorney;  was  state 
senator  in  1880,  and 
was  a  representative  in  the  Vermont  state 
legislature  in  1890,  and  speaker  of  the 
house.  In  1880  he  was  a  presidential  elect 
or,  and  in  1890  was  elected  a  juuge  of  the 
supreme  court. 

SiAUFFER,  FRANCIS  HENRY,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1832  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  sensational  novelist  of  Philadel 
phia,  long  a  contributor  to  the  Saturday 
Night.  Among  his  serials  published  in  that 
paper  are  Ruth  Brandon;  Lucy  Darrel; 
and  Devona  the  Dauntless. 

STAUNTON,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1803  in  England.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  New  York 
city  who  published  an  Ecclesiastical  Dic 
tionary,  and  wrote  much  on  musical  top 
ics.  He  died  Sept.  20,  1889. 


884 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


STAVELEY,  ROBERT  MILTON,  cler 
gyman,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1859,  in 
England.  At  nine  years  of  age  he  came 
to  America  with  his 
parents,  attended  the 
Dakota  university 
for  two  years,  and 
the  Garrett  Biblical 
institute  for  two 
years.  Since  1894 
he  has  been  engaged 
in  ministerial  work 
in  South  Dakota; 
has  written  exten 
sively  for  the  period 
ical  press,  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number 
of  meritorious  poems.  Some  of  his  poems 
have  been  given  a  place  in  several  stand 
ard  collections. 

ST.  CLA1R,  ARTHUR,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  governor,  author,  was  born  in 
1734  in  Scotland.  In  1764  he  settled  in 
Pennsylvania,  where 
he  erected  mills.  In 
1770  he  was  made  a 
district  surveyor  and 
justice  of  common 
yleas  In  1776  he 
was  ordered  to  Can- 
I  ada;  acquitted  him- 
I  self  with  great  abil 
ity,  rose  to  the  rank 
of  major-general.  He 
joined  General  Wash 
ington;  took  a  lead 
ing  part  in  battles  of 
Princeton,  Ticonderoga,  and  Brandywine; 
assisted  Sullivan  against  the  Six  Na 
tions  and  was  a  commissioner  to  arrange 
a  cartel  with  the  British  in  1780.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  congress  in  1785,  and 
was  chosen  president  of  the  same  in  1787. 
He  was  appointed  governor  of  the  north 
west  territory  in  1788;  made  an  Indian 
treaty  in  1789,  and  located*  the  city  of 
Cincinnati,  and  gave  it  its  name.  He 
was  appointed  general-in-chief  of  the 
army  in  1791.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1818,  in 
Greensburg,  Pa. 

STEARNS.  ASHAEL,  lawyer,  educator, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  in  1774 
in  Massachusetts.  He  was  several  years 
county  attorney  for  Middlesex  county; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1815  to  1817. 
He  was  appointed  professor  of  law  at 
Cambridge  in  1817,  and  continued  in  the 
office  until  1829.  In  1824  he  published  a 
volume  on  Real  Actions.  He  died  Feb. 
5,  1839,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

STEARNS,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  July  19,  1753,  in  Leo- 
minster,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman,  pastor  at  Lincoln,  Mass.,  from 
1785  till  his  death,  arid  the  author  of  The 
Ladies'  Philosophy  of  Love,  a  Poem; 
and  Principles  of  Morality  and  Religion. 
He  died  July  26,  1826,  in  Lincoln,  Mass. 

STEARNS,  CHARLES  WOODWARD, 
physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  in 
1818  in  Springfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  phy 
sician  and  surgeon  of  note  as  a  Shakes 
pearean  scholar,  and  the  author  of  Shake 
speare's  Medical  Knowledge;  Shakespeare 
Treasury  of  Wisdom  and  Knowledge; 
Concordance  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States;  and  The  Black  Men  and 
the  South  and  the  Rebels.  He  died  Sept. 
8,  1887,  in  Long  Meadow,  Mass. 

STEARNS,  EBEN  SPERRY,  educator, 
was  born  in  1821  In  Bedford,  Mass.  He 
was  master  of  the  Normal  school  at  Fra- 
mingham,  Mass.,  of  the  Albany  Female 
academy,  and  in  1875  became  chancellor 
of  Nashville  university.  He  died  in  1887 
in  Nashville,  Tenn. 


STEARNS,  EDWARD  JOSIAH,  was 
born  Feb.  24,  1810,  in  Bedford,  Mass.  He 
was  an  episcopal  clergyman  and  educator 
in  Maryland;  and  the  author  of  A  Plat 
form  for  All  Parties;  Notes  on  Uncle 
Tom's  Cabin;  Practical  Guide  to  English 
Pronunciation;  The  Faith  of  Our  Fore 
fathers,  an  Examination  of  Archbishop 
Gibbons's  Faith  of  Our  Fathers;  and  The 
Archbishop's  Champion  Brought  to  Book. 
He  died  in  1890. 

STEARNS,  EZRA  SCOLLAY,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  1,  1838,  in  Rindge,  N.  H. 
He  is  the  author  of  History  of  Rindge; 
and  History  of  Ashburnham,  N.  H. 

STEARNS,  FRANK  PRESTON,  author, 
was  born  in  1846  in  Massachusetts.  He 
is  a  Boston  writer  upon  art,  literature  and 
history,  and  the  author  of  The  Real  and 
Ideal  in  Literature;  Life  of  Tintoretto; 
The  Midsummer  of  Italian  Art;  Sketches 
from  Concord  and  Appledore;  Modern 
English  Prose;  and  Summer  Travel  in 
Europe.  ' 

STEARNS,  JOHN  GLAZIER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1795, 
in  Ackworth,  N.  H.  He  was  a  baptist 
Clergyman  prominent  in  central  New 
York,  and  the  author  of  The  Primitive 
Church;  Letters  on  Freemasonry;  The 
Sovereignty  of  God  and  Free  Agency; 
and  The  Influence  of  the  Spirit  and  the 
Word  in  Regeneration.  He  died  Jan.  16, 
1874>  in  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

STEARNS,  JOHN  NEWTON,  temper 
ance  reformer,  author,  was  born  May  24, 
1829,  in  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Temperance  Chimes;  The 
Temperance  Speaker;  The  Centennial 
Songster;  One  Hundred  Years  of  Temper 
ance;  and  Temperance  in  All  Nations. 

STEARNS,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1840  in  Sturbridge, 
Mass.  He  is  a  professor  in  the  university 
of  Wisconsin  from  1884,  and  the  author  of 
The  History  of  Education  in  Wisconsin. 

STEARNS,  JONATHAN  FRENCH, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  Septem 
ber,  1808,  in  Bedford,  Mass.  In  1849  he 
became  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
church  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  which  connec 
tion  continued  about  thirty  years.  He 
published  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Dan 
iel  Webster;  and  Historical  Discourses 
Relating  to  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 
in  Newark. 

STEARNS,  JUNIUS  BRUTUS,  artist, 
was  born  July  2,  1810,  in  Arlington, 
Vt.  His  work  was  mainly  in  portraiture, 
but  he  painted  also  numerous  historical 
subjects.  Of  these  the  best  known  are 
the  Washington  Series,  five  paintings  rep 
resenting  Washington  as  a  citizen,  farm 
er,  soldier,  statesman,  and  Christian.  His 
Millennium  is  in  the  Academy  of  Design, 
New  York.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1885,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y". 

STEARNS,  LEWIS  FRENCH,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1847 
in  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  and  professor  of  systematic 
theology  in  Bangor  Theological  seminary 
in  1880-92.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Evi 
dence  of  Christian  Experience;  Present 
Day  Theology,  with  Biographical  Sketch 
by  G.  L.  Prentiss;  and  Life  of  Henry 
Boynton  Smith.  He  died  in  1892. 

STEARNS,  MARCELLUS  L.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  governor,  was 
born  April  29,  1839,  in  Lovell,  Maine. 
He  entered  the  union  army  as  a  private, 
and  rose  to  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant. 
He  settled  in  Florida  immediately  after 
the  close  of  the  civil  war;  and  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  surveyor-general  of 
Florida.  He  was  twice  elected  a  repre 


sentative  to  the  legislature,  and  speaker 
of  the  house.  He  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Florida,  and  was  governor  of 
the  state  from  1874  to  1877. 

STEARNS,  OAKMAN  SPRAGUE,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
20,  1817,  in  Bath,  Maine.  He  was  a  Bap 
tist  clergyman  of  Massachusetts,  and  pro 
fessor  of  biblical  interpretation  at  New 
ton  Theological  seminary  from  1868.  He 
was  the  author  of  A  Syllabus  of  Messianic 
Passages  in  the  Old  Testament;  and  In 
troduction  to  the  Books  of  the  Old  Testa 
ment.  He  died  in  1893. 

STEARNS,  ONSLOW,  governor,  was 
born  in  New  Hampshire.  In  1869  he  was 
elected  governor  of  New  Hampshire;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1870.  He  died  Dec.  28, 
1878,  in  New  Hampshire. 

STEARNS,  OZORA  PIERSON.  soldier, 
lawyer.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1831,  in  De  Kalb,  N.  Y.  He  was 
elected  county  attorney  of  Olmstead  coun 
ty,  Minn.,  in  1861.  He  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  as  a  republican  to 
fill  a  vacancy  and  took  his  seat  Jan.  23, 
1871. 

STEARNS,  ROBERT  E.  C.,  scientist, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1827,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  connected  with  the 
scientific  depart 
ments  of  the  Smith 
sonian  institution, 
and  the  United  States 
geological  survey  at 
Washington,  D.  C. 
He  has  published 
numerous  scientific 
papers;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number 
of  meritorious  poems 
which  have  appeared 
in  the  leading  news 
papers  and  maga 
zines  of  the  United  States. 

STEARNS,  SAMUEL,  physician,  as 
tronomer,  author,  was  born  in  1747  in 
Bolton,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician  and 
astronomer  of  Worcester,  New  York  city, 
and  lastly  of  Brattleboro,  Vt.  He  was  the 
author  of  Tour  to  London  and  Paris; 
Mystery  of  Animal  Magnetism;  American 
Oracle;  and  The  American  Herbal  or  Ma- 
teria  Medica.  He  died  Aug.  8,  1819,  in 
Brattleboro,  Vt. 

STEARNS,  MRS.  SARAH  BURGER, 
reformer,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1836,  in  New 
York  city.  For  many  years  she  has  been 
vice-president  for  Minnesota  of  the  Na 
tional  Woman  Suffrage  association.  She 
is  president  of  the  Duluth  Home  society, 
and  was  instrumental  in  establishing  a 
temporary  home  for  needy  women  and 
children  in  that  city. 

STEARNS,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  March  17, 
1805,  in  Bedford,  Mass.  He  was  a  congre 
gational  clergyman,  president  of  Amherst 
college  in  1854-76,  and  the  author  of  In 
fant  Church  Membership;  and  A  Plea  for 
the  Nation.  He  died  June  8,  1876,  in  Am 
herst,  Mass. 

STEARNS,  WINFRID  ALDEN,  author, 
was  born  in  185 — .  He  is  the  author  of 
Labrador:  a  Sketch  of  Its  Peoples,  etc.; 
Wrecked  on  Labrador;  and  New  England 
Bird  Life. 

STEBBENS,  SARAH  BRIDGES,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She 
is  the  author  of  several  volumes  of  poems, 
the  most  notable  of  which  are  Marble  Isle 
Legends  of  the  Round  Table;  and  Gal- 
gano's  Wooing,  and  Other  Poems.  She 
is  also  the  author  of  a  prose  work  en 
titled  Annals  of  a  Baby;  and  also  a  ro 
mance  entitled  He  and  I. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


885 


STEBBINS,  EMMA,  was  born  Sept.  1, 
1815,  in  New  York  city.  She  was  a  sculp 
tress  who  lived  many  years  in  Rome, 
where  she  formed  a  friendship  with  Char 
lotte  Cushman.  She  was  the  author  of 
Charlotte  Cushman:  Her  Letters  and 
Memories  of  Her  Life.  She  died  Oct.  25, 
1882,  in  New  York  city. 

STEBBINS,  GILES  BADGER,  author. 
He  is  the  author  of  After  Dogmatic  The 
ology,  What?  The  American  Protection 
ist's  Manual;  Chapters  from  the  Bible  of 
the  Ages;  Facts  and  Opinions  Touching 
the  American  Colonization  Society;  and 
Progress  from  Poverty. 

STEBBINS,  HENRY  G.,  banker,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1812  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  one  of  the  originators,  and 
president  of  the  Dramatic  Fund  associa 
tion,  and  an  active  manager  of  the  New 
York  Academy  of  Music.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

STEBBINS,  MRS.  MARY  ELIZABETH 
(MOORE)  (HEWITT),  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1818  in  Massachusetts.  She  is  the 
author  of  Songs  of  Our  Lord;  Heroines 
of  History;  and  Poems:  Sacred,  Passion 
ate,  and  Legendary. 

STEBBINS,  RUFUS  PHINEAS,  clergy 
man,  author,  wa^  born  in  1810  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman 
of  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  and  subsequently  of 
Newton  Centre,  Mass.  He  was  the  author 
of  A  Study  of  the  Pentateuch;  and  A 
Common  Sense  View  of  the  Books  of  the 
Old  Testament.  He  died  in  1885. 

STEDMAN,  EDMUND  CLARENCE,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1833,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  He  is  a  poet  and  literary 
critic  of  New  York  city,  for  many  years  a 
member  of  the  Stock  exchange  there.  His 
volumes  of  verse  include,  Poems:  Lyric 
and  Idyllic;  The  Prince's  Ball;  The  Battle 
of  Bull  Run;  Alice  of  Monmouth;  Idyl  of 
the  Great  War,  and  Other  Poems;  The 
Blameless  Prince;  Hawthorne,  and  Other 
Poems;  Lyrics  and  Idyls;  Poems,  House 
hold  Edition;  and  The  Star  Bearer.  His 
other  works  comprise,  Octavius  Brooks 
Frothingham  and  the  New  Faith;  Vic 
torian  Poets;  Poets  of  America;  and  The 
Nature  and  Elements  of  Poetry.  His  most 
important  labors  as  editor  have  been,  A 
Library  of  American  Literature;  The 
Works  of  Poe;  and  A  Victorian  Anthol 
ogy. 

STEDMAN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1765 
in  Massachusetts.  In  1802  he  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1803  to  1810.  He 
died  in  1831  in  Newburyport,  Mass. 

STEEDMAN,  CHARLES,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1811,  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.  In  1828  he  was  appointed  a  midship 
man;  passed  through  all  the  grades,  and 
attained  the  rank  of  rear-admiral. 

STEEDMAN,  JAMES  BARRETT,  sol 
dier,  state  legislator,  was  born  July  30, 
1818,  in  Northumberland  county,  Pa.  In 
1843  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state 
legislature.  In  1849  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  California;  returned  the  following 
year,  and  during  President  Buchanan's 
administration  was  printer  to  congress. 
He  served  with  distinction  through  the 
civil  war,  and  attained  the  rank  of  ma 
jor-general. 

STEEL,  HARRY  GIVIN,  journalist,  was 
born  Dec.  6,  1868,  in  Ashland,  Pa.  He 
has  been  editor  and  business- manager  of 
the  Shamokin  Daily  Dispatch,  and  other 
prominent  papers;  and  is  now  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Daily  Herald  of  Shamokin, 
Pa. 


STEEL,  GEORGE  ALEXANDER,  busi 
ness  man,  legislator,  was  born  April  22, 
1846,  in  Stafford,  Ohio.  He  is  the  son  of 
William  Steel,  a  prominent  abolitionist 
of  Ohio,  and  cousin  of  Hon.  William  E. 
Gladstone.  On  April  2,  1863,  he  started 
for  Portland,  Ore.,  going  by  the  way  of 
New  York,  Aspinwall,  Panama  and  San 
Francisco,  arriving  there  on  May  25,  1864. 
He  has  been  county  treasurer,  state  sen 
ator,  postmaster  of  Portland  for  two 
terms,  special  agent  of  the  postoffice  de 
partment,  and  has  filled  various  other  of 
fices  of  trust.  He  is  widely  and  favorably 
known  throughout  Oregon;  is  largely  in 
terested  in  street  railways  in  Portland 
and  vicinity,  and  is  now  president  and 
superintendent  of  the  East  Side  Railway 
company,  one  of  the  longest  and  most  suc 
cessful  electric  railways  in  the  United 
States. 

STEELE,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1824  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  methodist  clergyman  and 
educator  of  note,  and  the  author  of  Com 
mentary  on  Joshua;  Love  Enthroned; 
Milestone  Papers;  Antinomianism  Re 
vived;  Commentary  on  Leviticus  and 
Numbers;  Bible  Readings;  and  Sermons 
and  Essays. 

STEELE,  DAVID,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1827  in  Ireland.  He  is  a 
reformed  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Pnil- 
adelphia  from  1861,  and  the  author  of 
The  Times  in  Which  We  Live,  and  the 
Ministry  They  Require;  and  The  Apolo 
getics  of  History. 

STEELE,  FREDERICK,  soldier,  was 
born  Jan.  14,  1819,  in  Delhi,  N.  Y.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war,  and  attained  the  rank  of  major-gen 
eral.  He  died  Jan.  12,  1868,  in  San  Mateo, 
Cal. 

STEELE,  GEORGE  McKENDREE,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1823 
in  New  York.  He  is  a  methodist  clergy 
man  and  educator;  and  principal  of  Wil- 
braham  academy,  Massachusetts.  He  is 
the  author  of  Outline  Study  of  Political 
Economy. 

STEELE,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  soldier, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1839,  in  Fayette  county,  Ind.  He  served  in 
the  civil  war  and  attained  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  In  1882  he  established 
the  First  National  bank  of  Marion,  Ind., 
and  became  its  president.  He  was  the 
first  governor  of  Oklahoma,  and  resigned 
after  serving  twenty  months.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican.  • 
STEELE,  ISAAC  NEVETT,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  25,  1809,  in  Cambridge,  Md. 
He  received  a  thorough  education  in  the 
public  academy  of 
Cambridge;  S  t . 

John's  college  of 
Annapolis,  and  at 
Trinity  college  o  f 
Hartford,  Conn.  In 
1830  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar;  and  at 
tained  prominence  as 
one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  in  America, 
and  a  leader  of  the 
Maryland  bar.  He 
contributed  valuable 
articles  to  current  literature.  He  died 
April  11,  1891,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

STEELE,  JAMES,  soldier,  manufactu 
rer,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1765,  in  Lancaster 
county,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  war  of 
1812-14,  and  for  meritorious  conduct  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
of  militia.  He  died  Sept.  30,  1845,  in  Har- 
risburg,  Pa. 


STEELE,  JOEL  DORMAN,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  14,  1836,  in  Lima, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  prominent  educator  of 
Elmira,  N.  Y.,  who  published  Barnes's 
History  of  the  United  States  and  a  se 
ries  of  text-books  on  the  sciences,  each 
intended  for  a  course  of  study  of  four 
teen  weeks,  including  Natural  Philosophy; 
Geology;  Human  Physiology;  Zoology; 
and  Chemistry.  He  died  May  25,  1886,  in 
Elmira,  N.  Y. 

STEELE,  JOHN,  soldier,  state  senator, 
was  born  Aug.  15,  1758,  in  Lancaster 
county,  Pa.  In  1801  he  was  elected  state 
senator,  but,  as  he  held  a  United  States 
appointment,  his  seat  was  declared  va 
cant.  In  1804  he  was  elected  state  senator 
and  in  1805  became  speaker  of  that  body. 
He  also  held  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
in  the  Pennsylvania  militia. 

STEELE,  JOHN,  agriculturist,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  1, 
1764,  in  Salisbury,  N.  C.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  North  Carolina 
state  legislature,  part  of  the  time  as 
speaker,  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1790  to 
1793.  In  1806  he  was  a  commissioner  to 
adjust  the  boundaries  between  the  states 
of  North  and  South  Carolina.  He  was 
a  general  of  the  militia;  held  the  office  of 
first  comptroller  of  the  treasury  under 
Presidents  Washington  and  Adams,  and 
in  1814  was  again  elected  to  the  legis 
lature.  He  died  Aug.  14,  1815,  in  Salis 
bury,  N.  C. 

STEELE,  JOHN  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  28,  1814,  in 
Delhi,  N.  Y.  In  1841  he  was  appointed 
district  attorney  for  Otsego  county,  N.  Y. 
In  1847  he  moved  to  Kingston,  and  in  1850 
he  was  elected  special  judge  of  that  coun 
ty.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-sev 
enth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was  accident 
ally  killed  Sept.  24,  1866,  in  Kingston, 
N.  Y. 

STEELE,  JOHN  H.,  governor,  was  born 
in  1792  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1844  to 
1846.  He  died  July  3,  1865,  in  Peterbor 
ough,  N.  H. 

STEELE,  JOHN  N.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1832,  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Maryland  from  1835  to 
1837. 

STEELE,  THOMAS  SEDGWICK,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1845  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  the  author  of  Canoe  and  Camera: 
a  Tour  Through  the  Maine  Forests;  Pad 
dle  and  Portage  from  Moosehead  Lake  to 
the  Aroostook  River;  and  A  Voyage  to 
Vikingland. 

STEELE,  WALTER  LEAK,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  18,  1823,  in  Steele's  Mills  (now  Lit 
tle's  Mills),  N.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the 
North  Carolina  state  house  of  commons 
in  1846,  1848,  1850  and  1854,  and  to  the 
state  senate  in  1852  and  1858.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat,  and  declined  a 
renomination. 

STEELE,  WILLIAM  G.,  merchant, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  17, 
1820,  in  Somerset  county,  N.  J.  He  was 
for  several  years  a  state  director  for  the 
Delaware  and  Raritan  canal,  and  the 
Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  company. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-eighth  con 
gress. 


886 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


STEELE,  WILLIAM  R.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  24,  1824,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  elected  to  the 
legislative  council  of  Wyoming  territory 
in  1871,  was  elected  to  the  forty-third 
congress  as  the  delegate  from  the  territory 
of  Wyoming,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

STEENDAM,  JACOB,  poet,  was  born  in 
1616  in  Holland.  He  is  the  earliest  poet 
of  New  York.  He  was  in  the  employ  of 
the  Dutch  West  India  company,  and  lived 
in  New  Amsterdam,  now  New  York, 
from  1650  to  1663,  about  which  time  he 
returned  to  Holland.  The  place  and  date 
of  his  death  are  unknown.  His  four  small 
volumes  of  verse  include:  The  Thistle 
Finch;  The  Complaint  of  New  Amster 
dam;  The  Praise  of  New  Netherland;  and 
Spurring  Verses. 

STEENERSON,  HALVOR,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  June  30,  1852,  in  Dane 
county,  Wis.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Crookston,  Minn.;  has  been  county  at 
torney;  city  attorney  and  a  member  of 
the  board  of  education.  He  served  with 
distinction  as  a  state  senator  in  the  Min 
nesota  legislature. 

STEENROD,  LEWIS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Virginia, 
serving  from  1839  to  1845. 

STEENSTRA,  PETER  HENRY,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  24, 
1833,  in  Netherlands.  He  is  an  episcopal 
clergyman  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  pro 
fessor  of  Old  Testament  criticism  and  in 
terpretation  in  the  Episcopal  Theological 
school  from  1867.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Being  of  God  as  Unity  and  Trinity. 

STEERE,  WARREN  BURLINGHAM, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1832, 
in  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools;  attend 
ed  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the 
Michigan  university; 
the  Eclectic  Medical 
college  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  the  Col 
lege  of  Physicians 
anil  Surgeons  of 
Keokuk,  Iowa.  For 
fourteen  years  he 
was  United  States 
examining  surgeon; 
was  professor  of  obstetrics  in  the  medi 
cal  department  of  the  Drake  university, 
and  for  six  years  was  professor  of  materia 
medica  and  therapeutics  in  the  Iowa  Ec 
lectic  Medical  college.  He  is  one  of  the 
foremost  physicians  and  surgeons  of  Iowa 
at  Des  Moines. 

STEIGER,  ERNST,  bibliographer,  pub 
lisher,  author,  was  born  in  1832  in  Sax 
ony.  He  is  a  bibliographer  and  publisher 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Der 
Nachdruck  in  Nordamerika;  Das  Copy 
right  Law  in  den  Vereinigten  Staaten; 
and  Periodical  Literature,  a  bibliography. 
STEINBACH,  JOHN  A.,  soldier,  con 
tractor,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1847,  in  Bethel, 
Mo.  He  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  civil 
war  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant 
United  States  volunteers.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  contractor  and  business  man,  and 
has  been  mayor  of  Quincy,  111. 

STEINER,  LEWIS  H.,  physician,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  May  4,  1827,  in 
Frederick,  Md.  He  was  chief  inspector  in 
the  army  of  the  Potomac,  of  United  States 
sanitary  commission;  and  was  the  state 
senator  for  twelve  years  from  Frederick 
county,  Md.  He  was  the  first  librarian 
of  the  Enoch  Pratt  free  library  of  Balti 
more,  and  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
scientific  and  religious  works. 


STEINWAY,  ALBERT,  was  born  June 
10,  1840,  in  Germany.  Early  in  the  civil 
war  he  was  advanced  to  the  colonelcy  of 
the  sixth  regiment  of  New  York  volun 
teers,  and  later  became  brigadier-general. 
He  died  May  14,  1877,  in  New  York  city. 

STEINWAY,  C.  F.  THEODORE,  piano 
manufacturer,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1825,  in 
Germany.  He  came  to  America  in  1849 
with  his  father,  Henry  E.  Steinway,  and 
was  associated  with  his  father  in  the  great 
manufacturing  house  of  Steinway  and 
Sons,  until  his  death. 

STEINWAY,  HENRY  ENGELHARD, 
founder  of  the  great  piano  manufacturing 
house  of  Steinway  and  Sons,  was  born 
Feb.  15,  1797,  in  North  Germany.  He 
came  to  America  in  1849,  and  in  1853 
founded  the  house  of  Steinway  and  Sons 
in  New  York  city.  They  also  own  large 
warerooms,  and  in  1866  built  Steinway 
Hall.  He  died  Feb.  7,  1871,  in  New  York 
city. 

STEINWAY,  WILLIAM,  piano  manu 
facturer,  and  president  of  Steinway  and 
Sons,  was  born  March  5,  1836,  near  the 
city  of  Brunswick, 
Germany.  In  1853 
he  joined  his  father 
and  his  brothers  In 
the  founding  of  the 
house  of  Steinway 
and  Sons.  With  four 
or  five  workmen,  the 
Steinways  built  one 
square  piano  a  week, 
and  to-day  they  own 
and  operate  the  larg 
est  piano  factory  in 
the  world,  having 
manufactured  over  one  hundred  thousand 
pianos  since  they  first  entered  the  busi 
ness  in  America.  William  Steinway  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs 
of  New  York  city;  was  a  democratic  elect 
or  in  1892;  and  the  following  year  was 
unanimously  elected  president  of  the  elec 
toral  college.  As  rapid  transit  commis 
sioner  of  the  city  of  New  York  he  became 
very  popular. 

STELLHORN,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  in 
1841  in  Germany.  He  is  a  lutheran  cler 
gyman  of  Ohio,  professor  of  theology  in 
Capitol  university,  and  has  published  a 
Lexicon  of  New  Testament  Greek;  Anno 
tations  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles;  and 
Annotations  on  the  Gospels. 

STEMBEL,  ROGER  NELSON,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1810,  in  Middle- 
town,  Md.  He  co-operated  with  the  army 
in  suppressing  the 
rising  of  the  Semi- 
nole  Indians  in  Flo 
rida  in  1836;  and 
did  brilliant  service 
in  the  Mexican  war 
of  1846.  In  the  civil 
war  he  was  instru 
mental  in  organizing 
the  union  gunboat 
flotilla  on  the  west 
ern  waters,  and  was 
in  command  of  the 
gunboat  Lexington 

at  the  battle  of  Belmont.  He  assisted 
in  the  capture  of  Fort  Henry,  command 
ing  the  gunboat  Cincinnati,  where  he  had 
the  honor  of  receiving  the  surrender  of 
the  fort,  and  of  hoisting  Old  Glory  for 
the  first  time  over  southern  territory.  He 
was  in  command  of  the  same  gunboat  dur 
ing  the  protracted  bombardment  and  final 
capture  of  island  No.  10  on  the  Mississippi 
river,  and  while  still  in  command  of  the 
Cincinnati  he  was  seriously  and  almost 
mortally  wounded  by  a  rifle  ball  passing 
through  his  throat  during  the  bombard 
ment  of  Fort  Pillow.  This  wound  in 


valided  him  for  nearly  two  years,  when  he 
again  was  connected  with  the  western 
gunboat  flotilla  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  is  now  on  the  retired  list  as  rear-ad 
miral  United  States  navy. 

STENGER,  WILLIAM  S.,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  13, 
1840,  in  London,  Pa.  He  served  as  dis 
trict  attorney  for  Franklin  county,  Pa., 
and  in  1874  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

STEPHEN,  ADAM,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1730  in  Virginia.  He  was  made  a 
brigadier-general  in  1776,  and  in  1777  was. 
promoted  major-general. 

STEPHEN,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  (WILL- 
ISDN),  author,  was  born  in  1856  in  Ala 
bama.  She  is  the  wife  of  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  in  Rockport,  111.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Confessions  of  Two,  a  novel. 

STEPHEN,  HARLAN  E.,  poet.  He  is  a 
successful  writer  of  Iowa,  and  the  author 
of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems.  He 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  his  county  and  state,  and  has 
filled  a  number  of  local  offices  in  Glen- 
wood. 

STEPHENS,  ABRAHAM  P.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1851  to  1853. 

STEPHENS,  ALEXANDER  HAMIL 
TON,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1812,  in 
Crawfordsville,  Ga.  In  1836  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  lower  house  of  the  Georgia  state 
legislature,  where  he  served  five  years; 
and  in  1842  was  elected  to  the  senate  of 
his  state.  In  1843  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Georgia,  to. 
which  position  he  was  regularly  re-elected 
to  the  close  of  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 
He  became  identified  with  the  rebellion  of 
1861,  and  was  chosen  vice-president  and 
member  of  congress  of  the  so-called 
southern  confederacy.  In  1866  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress,  but  was 
not  admitted,  a,nd  was  subsequently  elect 
ed  a  representative  to  the  forty-third, 
forty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses.  In  1882  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Georgia.  He  was  the 
author  of  School  History  of  the  United 
States;  History  of  the  War  Between  the 
States;  and  Compendium  of  United  States 
History.  He  died  March  4,  1883,  in  At 
lanta,  Ga. 

STEPHENS,  ALICE  BARKER,  artist,, 
was  born  in  1858,  in  New  Jersey.  For 
many  years  she  was  engaged  in  wood 
engraving  and  as  an  illustrator  for  Har 
per's,  Century  and  other  leading  maga 
zines.  For  three  years  she  taught  por 
trait  and  life  classes  in  the  Philadelphia 
School  of  Design  for  Women. 

STEPHENS,  MRS.  ANN  SOPHIA 
(WINTERBOTHAM),  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  1813  in  Derby,  Conn.  She  was  a 
novelist  of  New  York  city  whose  books 
were  at  one  time  much  read.  Among 
them  are,  Fashion  and  Famine,  her  best 
work;  A  Story  of  Western  Life;  The  Old 
Homestead;  Myra,  the  Child  of  Adoption; 
The  Heiress;  Wives  and  Widows;  The 
Curse  of  Gold;  and  A  Popular  History  of 
the  United  States.  She  wrote  not  a  little- 
verse,  her  best  known  poem  being  the 
familiar  Polish  Boy.  She  died  Aug.  20,. 
1886,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

STEPHENS,  HARRIET  MARION,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1823.  She  was  the  au 
thor  of  Home  Scenes  and  Home  Sounds; 
and  Hagar  the  Martyr,  a  novel.  She  died 
in  1858  in  East  Hampden,  Maine. 


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887 


STEPHENS,  HENRY  LOUIS,  book-il 
lustrator,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1824,  in  Phil 
adelphia.  He  was  well  known  as  a  cari 
caturist,  excelling  especially  in  the  hu 
morous  delineation  of  animals,  and  drew 
cartoons  and  sketches  for  Vanity  Fair; 
Mrs.  Grundy;  Punchinello;  and  other 
periodicals.  He  died  Dec.  13,  1882,  in 
Bayonne,  N.  J. 

STEPHENS,  JAMES  ATTISON,  lawyer, 
business  man,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1869,  near 
Buchanan,  Texas.  He  has  had  a  very 
varied  career,  and  is  now  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Benjamin,  Texas,  where  he  is 
also  engaged  in  real  estate,  and  is  prom 
inent  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  cily, 
county  and  state. 

STEPHENS,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Shel 
by  county,  Texas.  He  graduated  from  the 
law  department  of 
Cumberland  univer 
sity  of  Lebanon, 
Tenn.,  in  1872.  and 
has  practiced  law 
since  at  Montague, 
Montague  county, 
and  Vernon.  Wil- 
barger  county,  Tex. 
He  served  as  state 
senator  in  the  twen 
ty-first  and  twenty- 
second  legislatures 
of  Texas,  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

STEPHENS,  JOHN  PHARES,  farmer, 
clergyman,  legislator,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  28,  1836,  near  Manilla,  Ind.  In 
1860  he  was  ordained  a  pastor  of  the  bap 
tist  church,  and  has  since  filled  import 
ant  pastorates  in  Ohio  and  Kansas;  and 
is  now  filling  a  pastorate  in  the  baptist 
church  at  Wellsville,  Kan.  In  1891  he 
served  with  distinction  as  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Kansas  state  legislature;  is 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Farmers' 
Alliance,  and  is  the  author  of  several 
works. 

STEPHENS,  LINTON,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  July  1, 
1823,  in  Crawfordsville,  Ga.  He  repre 
sented  the  counties  of  Taliaferro  and  Han 
cock  in  the  legislature  for  several  years. 
In  1858  he  was  appointed  to  a  vacancy 
in  the  supreme  court  of  Georgia,  and  his 
decisions,  contained  in  three  volumes  01 
the  Georgia  Reports,  are  characterized  by 
their  precision,  perspicuity,  and  power  of 
logic.  He  died  July  14,  1872,  in  Sparta, 
Ga. 

STEPHENS,  PHILANDER,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1829  to  1833.  He  died  July 
8,  1842,  in  Springfield,  Pa. 

STEPHENS,  THOMAS,  author.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Castle  Builder,  or  the 
History  of  William  Stephens,  of  the  Isle 
of  Wight. 

STEPHENS,  URIAH  S.,  was  born  Aug. 
3,  1821,  near  Cape  May,  N.  J.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  order  of  the 
Knights  of  Labor.  He  died  Feb.  13,  1882. 

STEPHENS,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was 
born  Jan.  22,  1671,  in  England.  He  was 
a  colonial  governor  of  Georgia  in  1743-50, 
who  published  a  Journal  of  the  Proceed 
ings  in  Georgia.  He  died  in  August,  1753, 
in  Georgia. 

STEPHENS,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  a  citizen  of  Georgia.  In  1801  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  United  States  dis 
trict  court  for  the  district  of  Georgia. 

STEPHENSON,  BENJAMIN,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  in  congress  from 
Illinois  territory  from  1814  to  1816,  when 
he  was  appointed  receiver  of  public  mon 
eys  at  Edwardsville,  111. 


STEPHENSON,  ISAAC,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  June 
18,  1826,  near  Frederickton,  N.  B.  In  1845 
he  moved  to  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  in 
1858  removed  to  Marinette.  He  held  vari 
ous  local  offices,  and  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  in  1866  and  1868. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Wisconsin  to  the  forty-eighth  congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  and  fif 
tieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

STEPHENSON,  JAMES,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
20,  1764,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  command 
ed  a  company  in  the  campaign  of  General 
St.  Clair;  was  present  at  the  quelling  of 
the  whisky  insurrection  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  office  of  brigade 
inspector.  He  served  for  many  years  as 
a  delegate  to  the  Virginia  assembly;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1803  to  1805,  from  1809 
to  1811,  and  again  from  1822  to  1825.  He 
died  in  August,  1833. 

STEPHENSON,  JAMES  S.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  York  county,  Pa.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1829.  He  died 
Oct.  17,  1831,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

STEPHENSON,  LUTHER,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  25,  1830,  in  Hing- 
ham,  Mass.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  at 
taining  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel; 
and  is  also  author  and  composer  of  a 
number  of  patriotic  songs. 

STEPHENSON,  SAMUEL  M.,  agricult 
urist,  merchant,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1831  in  New  Brunswick. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  super 
visors  of  Menominee  county  for  several 
years;  was  a  representative  in  the  Mich 
igan  state  legislature  in  1877-78,  and  a 
member  of  the  senate  in  1879-80  and  1885- 
86.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second,  and  fifty-third  congresses  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

bTEPHENSON,  WILLIAM  WORTH, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1857, 
in  Madison  county,  N.  Y.  He  received  a 
thorough  education 
in  the  Daughters  col 
lege,  Kentucky  uni 
versity  and  the 
Bethany  college  of 
West  Virginia,  from 
which  latter  institu 
tion  he  received  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.  and 
A.  M.  In  1879-80  he 
was  principal  of  the 
Harrodsburg  acad- 

emy.    In  1881  he  was 

admitted  to  the  bar; 

and  has  given  his  chief  attention  to  the 
practice  of  law,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  the  south  at  Harrods 
burg.  In  1889  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Kentucky  state  legislature;  re- 
elected  in  1891  and  served  in  the  long 
session  of  1891-93  as  a  member  of  the 
judiciary  and  other  committees.  In  1893 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  and 
served  in  the  sessions  of  1894,  1896  and 
1897,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  de 
liberations  of  those  assemblies.  In  1896 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  of 
national  democrats  at  Indianapolis;  and 
has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  po 
litical  affairs. 

STERIGERE,  JOHN  B.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Montgomery  county,  Pa.,  from  1827  to 
1831. 

STERLING,  ANSEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  London  county,  Conn.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1821  to  1825. 


STERLING,  MICAH,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1781  in  Lyme, 
Conn.  He  was  for  some  years  a  member 
of  the  New  York  legislature;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1821 
to  1823.  He  died  April  10,  1844,  in  Water- 
town,  N.  Y. 

STERLING,  RICHARD,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1812  in  Ireland.  He 
prepared  a  series  of  school-readers  and 
spelling-books  that  came  into  general 
use  throughout  the  southern  and  south 
western  states.  In  1873  he  opened  a 
boarding-school  in  Evansville,  Ind.,  and 
in  1875  removed  to  Mocksville,  N.  C., 
where  he  kept  a  similar  school  till  1880, 
when  he  was  elected  superintendent  of 
the  public  schools  of  the  county.  He  died 
Oct.  3,  1883,  in  Mocksville,  N.  C. 

STERN,  SIMON  ADLER,  author,  was 
born  in  1838  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  the 
author  of  Florentine  Nights;  Excerpts; 
and  Jottings  of  Travel  in  uhina  and 
Japan. 

STERNBERG,  GEORGE  MILLER,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  June  8,  1838,  in  Ot- 
sego  county,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed  assistant-surgeon  in  the  United 
States  army;  captain  and  assistant-sur 
geon  in  1866;  major  and  surgeon  in 
1875;  lieutenant-colonel  and  deputy  sur 
geon-general  in  1891;  and  brigadier-gen 
eral  and  surgeon-general  in  1893.  He  is 
the  author  of  Photo-Micrographs;  Ma 
laria  and  Malarial  Diseases;  Bacteria, 
from  the  French  of  Maguin;  Immunity: 
Protective  Inoculations  in  Infectious  Di 
seases;  and  Manual  of  Bacteriology. 

STERNE,  SIMON,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  July  23,  1839,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  studied  at  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  also  at 
the  university  of 
Heidelberg,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Philadelphia  in 
1859,  and  to  the  bar 
at  New  York  in  1860, 
at  which  latter  place 
he  has  since  been 
practicing  his  pro 
fession.  He  deliv 
ered  many  addresses 
on  politico-econom 
ical  subjects.  In  1870 
wrote  Representative  Government,  and  in 
1881  Constitutional  Development  and  Po 
litical  History  of  the  United  States,  and 
contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  La- 
lor's  Cyclopaedia  of  Political  Science  and 
United  States  History.  He  was  appoint 
ed  by  Gov.  Tilden  in  1875  on  the  com 
mission  to  devise  a  plan  for  the  govern 
ment  of  the  cities  of  New  York,  and  in 
1884  was  commissioned  by  President 
Cleveland  to  report  on  the  relation  of  the 
railways  of  western  Europe  to  their  gov 
ernments.  In  1895  he  was  appointed  by 
Gov.  Morton  as  one  of  a  commission  to 
recommend  changes  in  methods  of  legis 
lation.  He  has  been  counsel  for  many 
prominent  bankers,  private  corporations 
and  railway  companies,  and  is  regarded 
as  one  of  the  leading  corporation  lawyers 
in  New  York.  On  June  8,  1870,  he  mar 
ried  Mathilde  Elsberg,  sister  of  the  late 
Prof.  Louis  Elsberg,  the  celebrated 
laryngologist,  and  has  one  child,  Alice  L. 
Sterne. 

STERRETT,  JOHN  ROBERT  SITLING- 
TON,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1851 
in  Virginia.  He  is  a  professor  of  Greek 
at  Amherst  college  from  1892;  and  the 
author  of  Qua  in  re  Hymni  Homerici 
quinque  majores  inter  se  differunt;  In 
scriptions  of  Assos;  Epigraphical  Jour 
ney  in  Asia  Minor;  and  The  Wolfe  Expe 
dition  to  Asia  Minor. 


88S 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


STERRETT,  SAMUEL,  congressman. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  the  United  States  from 
Maryland  from  1791  to  1793.  «e  died 
July  12,  1833,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

STETEFELDT,  CARL  AUGUST,  civil 
engineer,  inventor,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
28,  1838,  in  Germany.  He  is  widely  Known 
through  the  mining  districts  by  his  in 
vention  of  the  Stetefeldt  furnace,  which 
is  extensively  used  in  the  west  for  the 
roasting  of  silver  ores  preparatory  to  the 
extraction  of  the  metal  by  either  amalga 
mation  or  lixiviation.  Besides  technical 
papers  he  has  written  The  Lixiviation  of 
Silver  Ores  with  Hyposulphite  Solutions. 

STETSON,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1801,  in 
New  Ipswich,  N.  H.  In  1834  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  municipal  court  of 
Bangor,  Maine.  In  1845  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  executive  council  of  the 
state;  and  re-elected  three  years  in  suc 
cession.  In  1848  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Maine  to  the  thirty-first 
congress.  He  died  March  27,  1883,  in 
Bangor,  Maine. 

STETSON,  JAMES  BURGESS,  mer 
chant,  railroad  president,  was  born  March 
27,  1831,  in  Kingston,  Mass.  He  is  presi 
dent  and  general  manager  of  The  North 
Pacific  Coast  railroad  and  The  California 
Street  Cable  railroad  in  San  Francisco 
and  has  banking  and  industrial  interests. 
He  has  been  supervisor  for  two  years  in 
San  Francisco. 

STETSON,  JOHN  BATTERSON,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  May  5,  1830,  in  Orange, 
N.  J.  He  is  president  of  the  John  B.  Stet 
son  company,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
An  interesting  feature  of  the  Stetson 
factories  is  the  amount  of  space  set 
apart  for  the  entertainment  of  op 
eratives.  There  are  reading  rooms,  a 
parlor,  a  hall  which  will  seat  two  thou 
sand  persons,  a  library,  a  dispensary,  and 
an  armory,  and  he  has  also  promoted  the 
formation  of  a  Sunday  school  and  vari 
ous  literary  and  other  societies. 

STETSON.  LEMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman.  He  served 
three  years  in  the  assembly  of  New  York; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1843  to  1845.  He  was  county  judge  of 
Clinton  county  from  1847  to  1851. 

STEUART,  GEORGE  H.,  soldier,  was 
born  Aug.  24,  1828,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In 
1862  he  became  brigadier-general.  He 
defended  the  bloody  angle  at  the  battle  of 
the  Wilderness  against  Hancock's  corps, 
and  was  taken  prisoner,  but  exchanged  in 
the  winter  of  1864-65.  Since  the  war  he 
has  resided  in  Baltimore. 

STEUART,  JAMES  ALOYSIUS,  physi 
cian,  was  born  April  3,  1828,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  established  himself  in 
practice  in  Baltimore,  and  became  phy 
sician  to  the  city  general  dispensary,  and 
assistant  physician  to  the  Maryland  hos 
pital  for  the  insane.  Since  1875  he  has 
been  health  commissioner,  registrar  of 
vital  statistics,  and  president  of  the  city 
board  of  health. 

STEUART,  RICHARD  SPRIGG,  physi 
cian,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1797,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  Beginning  practice  in  Baltimore,  he 
was  elected  in  1828  president  of  the  Mary 
land  hospital  for  the  insane,  which  he  re 
organized,  and  of  which  he  was  presi 
dent  till  his  death.  He  died  July  13,  1876, 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

STEVENS,  AARON  FLETCHER,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1819,  in  Derry, 
N.  H.  In  1849  he  was  elected  to  the  New 
Hampshire  state  legislature;  was  re- 
elected,  and  served  five  years  as  a  state 
solicitor.  In  1861  he  entered  the  volun 


teer  army  as  major  in  the  first  New 
Hampshire  infantry,  and  for  his  gallantry 
was  brevetted  a  brigadier-general.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first 
congresses  as  a  republican.  He  died  May 
10,  1887,  in  Nashua,  N.  H. 

STEVENS,  ABEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  19,  1815,  in  Philadelphia. 
He  is  a  methodist  clergyman  of  New  York 
city  of  prominence  as  a  writer,  and  long 
connected  with  the  Methodist  Book  Con 
cern.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United 
States;  History  of  Methodism;  Life  of 
Madame  de  Stael;  Life  of  Nathan  Bangs; 
Character  Sketches;  Women  of  Method 
ism;  Christian  Work  and  Consolation; 
Church  Polity;  and  Tales  from  the  Par 
sonage. 

STEVENS,  ALEXANDER  HODGDON, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1789. 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  surgeon  of 
New  York  city,  whose  chief  works  are, 
Inflammation  of  the  Eye;  Lectures  on 
Lithotomy;  and  First  Lines  of  Surgery. 
He  died  March  30,  1869,  in  New  York 
city. 

STEVENS,  AUGUSTA  DE  GRASSE,  art 
critic,  author,  was  born  in  186 —  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  novelist  and  art  critic 
who  has  lived  in  London  for  many  years; 
and  is  the  author  of  Distance,  a  novelette; 
Old  Boston,  an  American  Historical  Ro 
mance;  Weighed  in  the  Balance;  The 
Lost  Dauphin;  Miss  Hildreth;  The  Sen 
sation  of  the  Season;  and  A  Romantic 
Inheritance. 

STEVENS,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
bibliographer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  19, 
1833,  in  Barnet,  Vt.  He  is  a  bibliographer 
who  has  edited  Campaign  in  Virginia  in 
1781;  and  Facsimiles  of  Manuscripts  in 
European  Archives  Relating  to  America, 
1773-83. 

STEVENS,  BRADFORD  N.,  educator, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1813,  in 
Boscawen,  N.  H.  He  was  elected  a  repre: 
sentative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-second 
congress  as  an  independent  democrat. 

STEVENS,  CHARLES  ASBURY,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  October,  1845,  in  Nor 
way.  Since  1870  he  has  devoted  himself 
to  literary  labor,  contributing  to  the  peri 
odical  press  and  to  the  preparation  of 
books  for  youthful  readers,  with  the  titles 
Camping  Out;  Left  on  Labrador;  Off  to 
the  Geysers;  On  the  Amazon;  Lynx 
Hunting;  Fox  Hunting;  and  The  Moose 
Hunters.  He  is  one  of  the  editors  of 
the  Youth's  Companion. 

Si  EVENS,  CHARLES  ELLIS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  5,  1853,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
The  Sources  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  in  Relation  to  Colonial  and 
English  History. 

STEVENS.  CHARLES  FORD,  railroad 
president,  was  born  June  21,  1850,  in 
Geneva,  N.  Y.  He  is  president  of  the 
Central  railway  of  New  Brunswick  at 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

STEVENS.  EDWARD,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1745,  in  Culpeper  county,  Va.  He 
served  through  the  revolutionary  war, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1820,  in  Culpeper 
county,  Va. 

STEVENS,  FREDERICK  CLEMENT, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  1,  1861,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1884,  and  com 
menced  practice  in  St.  Paul.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature  of  Min 
nesota  in  sessions  of  1888-89  and  1890-91; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 


STEVENS,  GEORGE  BARKER,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  July 
13,  1854,  in  Spencer,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  congre 
gational  clergyman  and  educator  of  New 
Haven,  and  professor  in  Yale  Divinity 
school  from  1886.  He  is  the  author  of 
Commentary  on  Galatians;  The  Pauline 
Theology;  The  Johannine  Theology;  and 
Doctrine  and  Life. 

STEVENS,  H.  S.,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1832  in  Weston,  Vt. 
In  1856  he  located  in  that  portion  now 
Arizona;  and  was  a  representative  in 
the  territorial  legislature  of  Arizona  from 
1868  to  1873.  He  was  elected  a  delegate 
from  Arizona  to  the  forty-fourth  and 
forty-fifth  congresses. 

STEVENS,  HENRY,  antiquary,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1791,  in  Bar- 
net,  Vt.  He  was  the  founder  and  first 
president  of  the  Vermont  Historical  so 
ciety.  The  most  valuable  part  of  his  col 
lection  was  placed  for  safe-keeping  in  the 
state  house  at  Montpelier,  where  in  1857 
it  was  burned.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  for  two  terms.  He  died  July 
30,  1867,  in  Barnet,  Vt. 

STEVENS,  HENRY,  bibliographer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1819,  in  Barnet, 
Vt.  He  was  a  bibliographer  of  prom 
inence,  who  lived  in  London  after  1845; 
and  the  author  of  Historical  Nuggets; 
Historical  Collections;  Recollections  of 
James  Lenox;  The  Tehuantepec  Railway; 
Historical  and  Geographical  Notes;  The 
Bibles  in  the  Caxton  Exhibition;  Cata 
logue  of  the  American  Books  in  the  Brit 
ish  Museum;  and  indexes  to  state  papers 
in  London  relating  to  Virginia,  Maryland, 
Rhode  Island,  and  New  Jersey.  He  died 
Feb.  24,  1886,  in  England. 

STEVENS,  HESTOR  L.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  October,  1803,  in 
Lima,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Michigan;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1853  to  1855.  He 
died  May  7,  1864,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

STEVENS,  ISAAC  INGALLS.  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  governor,  was  born  March 
28,  1818,  in  Andover,  Mass.  He  was  at 
the  siege  of  Vera 
Cruz  under  General 
Scott;  fought  in 
several  subsequent 
battles;  and  was 
twice  brevetted  for 
gallant  services.  He 
served  for  a  time  as 
an  assistant  in  the 
coast  survey  office  in 
Washington  city; 
and  in  1853  was  ap- 
pointed  governor 
and  superintendent 

of  Indian  affairs  for  the  territory  of 
Washington.  In  1857  he  was  elected  a 
delegate  to  congress  from  Washington 
territory,  where  he  continued  to  serve 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion. 
When  governor  of  Washington  territory 
he  traveled  throughout  its  whole  extent; 
and  as  commissioner  made  many  treaties 
with  the  Indian  tribes.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  a  brigadier-general  in  the  vol 
unteer  service.  He  was  killed  in  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run  Sept.  1,  1862,  near 
Chantilly,  Va. 

STEVENS,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1768  in  Fairfield,  Conn.  He 
served  in  congress  as  a  representative 
from  Connecticut  from  1819  to  1821,  vot 
ing  with  the  south  on  the  Missouri  com 
promise.  In  1822  he  was  appointed  post 
master  of  Stamford.  He  died  in  April, 
1835,  in  Stamford,  Conn. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


889 


STEVENS,  JAMES  ALEXANDER,  law 
yer,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1790,  in  New  York 
city.  In  connection  with  Thomas  Gib 
bons,  he  established  the  Union  steamboat 
line  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia, 
which  led  to  the  suit  of  Ogden  vs.  Gib 
bons,  memorable  for  the  decision  that 
placed  all  the  navigable  waters  of  the 
United  States  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  general  government.  He  died  Oct.  7, 
1873,  in  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

STEVENS,  JOHN,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  in  1749  in  New  York  city.  In  1776- 
79  he  was  treasurer  of  New  Jersey.  In 
1804  he  built  a  vessel  propelled  by  twin 
screws  that  navigated  the  Hudson;  and 
the  engine  and  boiler  of  this  steamboat 
are  preserved  in  the  Stevens  institute  of 
Hoboken,  N.  J. 

STEVENS,  JOHN  AUSTIN,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  21,  1827,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  an  author  of  New  York  city,  and 
later  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  who  founded  the 
(Magazine  of  American  History;  The 
Valley  of  the  Rio  Grande;  The  Expedi 
tion  of  Lafayette  against  Arnold;  and 
Life  of  Albert  Gallatin. 

STEVENS,  JOHN  COX,  was  born  Sept. 
24,  1785.  He  was  from  his  youth  a  de 
voted  yachtsman.  He  organized  the  New 
York  Yacht  club,  was  its  first  commo 
dore,  and  commanded  the  America  in  the 
memorable  race  in  England  in  1851.  He 
died  June  13,  1857,  in  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

STEVENS,  JOHN  LEAVITT,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  state  senator,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  1,  1820,  in  Mt.  Vernon,  Maine. 
He  became  associated  with  James  G. 
Elaine  in  the  ownership  and  management 
of  the  Kennebec  Journal  newspaper  of 
Augusta,  Maine,  in  which  he  continued 
for  thirteen  years  as  editor-in-chief.  He 
served  five  years  in  the  state  legislature, 
three  years  in  the  lower  house,  and  two 
years  in  the  senate.  He  was  United  States 
minister  to  Uruguay  and  Paraguay  from 
1870  to  1873.  In  1877  he  was  appointed 
United  States  minister  to  Sweden  and 
Norway,  which  post  he  resigned  in  1883. 
He  was  the  author  of  History  of  Gustavus 
Adolphus.  He  died  in  1895. 

STEVENS,  LILLIAN  M.  N.,  educator, 
reformer,  was  born  in  1844  in  Maine. 
In  1898  she  became  president  of  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  union. 

STEVENS,  MOSES  T..  manufacturer, 
banker,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  10,  1825,  in  North  Andover, 
Mass.  Since  1843  he  has  been  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  woolen  goods 
in  North  Andover.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1861;  and  of  the  senate  in  1868. 
He  is  president  of  Andover  National 
bank;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

STEVENS,  ROBERT  LIVINGSTON, 
builder,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1787,  in  Ho 
boken,  N.  J.  In  1842  he  built  the  first 
ironclad  steamboat.  He  died  April  20, 
1856,  in  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

STEVENS,  ROBERT  S.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  27,  1824,  in 
Attica,  N.  Y.  He  removed  to  Missouri  in 
1870,  and  engaged  in  the  construction  and 
management  of  railroads.  In  1879  he  re 
turned  to  his  native  place  and  settled 
there;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat.  He  served  on  nu 
merous  important  committees  while  a 
member  of  congress. 

STEVENS,  SAMUEL,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Maryland  from  1822  to 
1826. 


STEVENS,  THADDEUS,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April 
4,  1792,  in  Danville,  Vt.  In  1833  he  was 
elected  to  the  Penn 
sylvania  state  legis 
lature,  and  was 
again  elected  in  1834, 
1835,  1837,  and  1841. 
In  1836  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the 
convention  to  revise 
the  state  constitu 
tion;  and  in  1838 
was  appointed  a  ca 
nal  commissioner. 
In  1842  he  moved  to 
Lancaster,  Pa.;  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  thirty-first,  thirty-sec 
ond,  thirty-sixth,  thirty-seventh,  thirty- 
eighth,  thirty-ninth,  and  fortieth  con 
gresses.  He  was  also  one  of  the  man 
agers  in  the  impeachment  trial  of  Presi 
dent  Andrew  Johnson.  He  died  Aug.  11, 
1868,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

STEVENS,  THADDEUS  MORRELL, 
journalist,  physician,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  29,  1830,  in  Indianapolis, 
Ind.  He  was  professor  of  medical  juris 
prudence  and  toxicology  in  the  Indiana 
Medical  college  and  in  the  college  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  Indianapolis. 
His  publications  include  brochures  on 
Expert  Testimony;  State  Boards  of 
Health;  and  Automatic  Filtration.  He 
died  Nov.  8,  1885,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

STEVENS,  THOMAS,  cyclist,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  24,  1855,  in  England.  He  is 
a  noted  cyclist  who  has  published  Scout 
ing  for  Stanley  in  East  Africa;  Around 
the  World  on  a  Bicycle:  From  San  Fran 
cisco  to  Teheran,  From  Teheran  to  Yoko 
hama;  and  Through  Russia  on  a  Mus 
tang. 

STEVENS,  THOMAS  HOLDUP,  naval 
officer,  was  born  May  27,  1819,  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  In  1836  he  was  appointed 
a  midshipman;  and  served  with  distinc 
tion  through  the  civil  war. 

STE\ENS,  WALTER  HUSTED,  sol 
dier,  civil  engineer,  was  born  Aug.  24, 
1827,  in  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he 
attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  Bragg.  He  was  subse 
quently  chief  engineer  of  the  railroad 
from  Vera  Cruz  to  Mexico.  He  died  in 
December,  1867,  in  Iberville,  La. 

STEVENS,  WALTER  LE  CONTE,  phy 
sicist,  educator,  inventor,  author,  was 
born  June  17,  1847,  in  Gordon  county, 
Ga.  He  was  called  in  1882  to  the  chair 
of  mathematics  and  physics  in  Packer 
Collegiate  institute  in  Brooklyn.  In  con 
nection  with  his  class-work  he  has  in 
vented  various  improved  forms  of  physic 
al  apparatus,  of  which  his  organ-pipe 
sonometer  and  reversible  stereoscope  are 
the  best  known,  descriptions  of  which 
have  been  published  in  the  American 
Journal  of  Science. 

STEVENS,  WILLIAM  BACON,  bishop, 
was  born  July  13,  1815,  in  Bath,  Maine. 
He  was  the  fourth  protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Pennsylvania,  consecrated  in 
1862;  and  the  author  of  History  of 
Georgia;  The  Bow  in  the  Cloud;  Ser 
mons;  Sabbaths  of  Our  Lord;  Parables 
of  the  New  Testament  Unfolded;  History 
of  Silk  Culture  in  Georgia;  and  The  Sun 
day  at  Home.  He  died  June  11,  1887,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

STEVENSON,  ADLAI  E.,  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  Oct. 
23,  1835,  in  Christian  county,  Ky.  He 
moved  in  1869  to  Bloomington,  111.,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  forty-fourth  and  forty-sixth  con 
gresses.  He  was  first  assistant  post 
master-general  from  1885  to  1889.  He 


was  nominated  for  vice-president  by  the 
democratic  national  convention  in  1892; 
and  was  duly  elected,  and  took  the  oath 
of  office  on  March  4.  1893. 

STEVENSON,  ANDREW,  agriculturist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1784  in  Culpeper  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  state  legislature 
where  for  several  sessions  he  was  elected 
speaker  of  the  house.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1821  to  1834;  and  during  the  twentieth, 
twenty-first,  and  twenty-second  con 
gresses  from  1828  to  1834  was  speaker  of 
the  house.  In  1836  he  was  appointed 
minister  to  Great  Britain,  and  remained 
there  until  1841.  He  died  Jan.  25,  1857, 
in  Blenheim,  Va. 

STEVENSON,  CHARLES  COBURN,  ed 
ucator,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born 
Nov.  29,  1862,  in  Red  Bluff,  Cal.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  California  and  Idaho;  attended 
St.  Matthew's  Hall  Military  academy  of 
San  Mateo;  Sockett's  school  of  Oakland; 
and  the  university  of  Michigan.  He  has 
been  county  superintendent  of  schools  ahd 
county  attorney  for  Ada  county,  Idaho; 
territorial  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  of  Idaho;  and  city  attorney  of 
Boise,  Idaho,  where  he  is  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law.  He  has  been  chief 
clerk  in  the  United  States  surveyor-gen 
eral's  office  for  Idaho;  is  prominent  in 
several  fraternal  orders;  and  historian 
of  the  Idaho  Historical  society  of  Pi 
oneers. 

STEVENSON,  EDWARD  A.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  June  14,  1831,  in  Low- 
ville,  N.  Y.  In  1853  he  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  California  legisla 
ture;  and  was  the  only  one  of  eight  rep 
resentatives  from  the  same  county  who 
was  re-elected  in  1854.  In  1859  he  was 
again  elected  a  representative  in  the  leg 
islature,  and  at  the  session  of  1860  was 
elected  speaker  pro  tern,  of  the  house. 
In  1863  he  removed  to  Boise  county, 
Idaho.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  justice 
of  the  peace;  and  in  1866  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  territorial  council  of  Idaho. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
territorial  assembly,  and  was  unanimous 
ly  elected  speaker  of  the  assembly.  In 
1876  he  was  again  elected  to  the  terri 
torial  council  for  two  years;  and  in  1885 
was  appointed  governor  of  the  territory 
of  Idaho. 

STEVENSON,  E[DWARD]  IREN^ETJS, 
litterateur,  author,  was  born  in  1858  in 
New  Jersey.  He  is  a  writer  of  New  York 
city,  since  1881  the  editor  of  The  New 
York  Independent,  and  for  many  years  an 
editor  of  Harper's  Weekly.  He  has  been 
the  musical  editor  of  several  journals  for 
a  number  of  years.  He  is  the  author  of 
White  Cockades,  an  Incident  of  the  Forty- 
five;  Janus,  reissued  as  A  Matter  of  Tem 
perament,  a  musical  novel;  Left  to  Them 
selves,  reissued  as  Philip  and  Gerald; 
Mrs.  Dee's  Encore;  and  A  Square  of 
Sevens. 

STEVENSON,  JOB  E.,^  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  10, 
1831,  in  Ross  county,  Ohio.  He  was  so 
licitor  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  from  1859  to 
1862;  and  was  a  state  senator  from  1863 
to  1865,  when  he  removed  to  Cincinnati. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-first  and  forty- 
second  congresses  as  a  republican. 

STEVENSON,  JOHN  D.,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  was  born  June  8,  1821,  in 
Staunton.  Va.  He  was  a  member  for  sev 
eral  terms  in  the  Missouri  state  legisla 
ture  from  St.  Louis.  In  1861  he  raised 
the  seventh  Missouri  regiment;  and  the 
following  year  was  made  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers. 


890 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


SiEVENSON,  JOHN  WHITE,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
May  4,  1812,  in  Richmond,  Va.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Kentucky  legislature  ID 
1845,  1846,  and  1847.  He  was  one  of  the 
three  commissioners  appointed  to  revise 
the  civil  and  criminal  code  of  Kentucky. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress  from  that  state;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress.  In  1867  he  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Kentucky,  and  acted  as  gov 
ernor.  In  1871  he  entered  the  United 
States  senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1877. 
He  died  Aug.  10,  1886,  in  Covington,  Ky. 

STEVENSON,  SARAH  HACKETT, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1843, 
in  Buffalo  Grove,  111.  In  1876  she  was  a 
delegate  from  the  Illinois  State  Medical 
society  to  the  American  Medical  associa 
tion  at  Philadelphia,  and  was  the  first 
woman  physician  to  be  elected  a  member 
of  that  body.  She  was  one  of  the  pro 
moters  of  the  Home  for  Incurables  and 
Training  School  for  Nurses  in  Chicago, 
and  outside  of  her  large  practice  has 
found  time  to  publish  works  on  Biology, 
in  two  volumes;  and  Physiology. 

STEVENSON,  THOMAS  GREELY,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1836,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  successfully  defended  Wash 
ington,  N.  C.,  against  a  superior  force; 
and  became  a  brigadier-general.  He  was 
killed  at  the  head  of  his  troops  in  the 
battle  of  Spottsylvania.  A  memoir  of 
Gen.  Stevenson  was  printed  privately 
after  his  death.  He  died  May  10,  1864, 
near  Spottsylvania,  Va. 

STEVENSON,  WILLIAM  C.,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1864,  in  Vernon 
county,  Wis.  He  is  a  successful  educator, 
and  since  1890  has  been  professor  of 
bookkeeping  and  penmanship  in  the  Kan 
sas  State  Normal  school  of  Emporia,  the 
largest  normal  school  in  the  world.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  text-book  on  Book 
keeping,  which  has  been  adopted  for  use 
in  all  the  schools  of  Kansas. 

STEVENSON,  WILLIAM  E.,  governor. 
He  was  governor  of  West  Virginia  from 
1869  to  1871. 

STEVENSON,  WILLIAM  H..  railroad 
president,  was  born  in  1847  in  Bridge 
port,  Conn.  In  1887  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  New  York,  Rutland  and  Mon 
treal  railroad  and  director  and  trustee 
of  numerous  other  corporations. 

STEWARD,  LEWIS,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1824,  in 
Wayne  county,  Pa.  He  has  been  engaged 
in  farming  and  manufacturing  in  Piano, 
111.;  and  was  democratic  candidate  for 
governor  in  1876.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat  He 
died  Aug.  27,  1896,  in  Piano,  111. 

STEWART,  ALEXANDER,  lawyer,  jur 
ist.  He  was  judge  of  the  United  States 
for  the  territory  of  Illinois,  and  held  the 
position  until  the  organization  of  the 
state  government  in  1818. 

STEWART,  ALEXANDER,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1829,  In 
Canada.  In  1849  he  moved  to  where  the 
city  of  Wausau  is  now  located,  engaging 
in  the  lumber  business,  which  occupation 
he  has  ever  since  followed.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

STEWART,  ALEXANDER  PETER, 
soldier,  educator,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1821,  in 
Rogersville,  Tenn.  He  became  brigadier- 
general  in  the  confederate  army  in  1861, 
major-general  in  1863.  and  lieutenant- 
general  in  1864.  In  1868  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  and  natural  phi 
losophy  in  the  university  of  Mississippi, 
and  chancellor  of  the  university. 


STEWART,  ALEXANDER  TURNEY, 
merchant,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1802,  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  considered  the  greatest 
merchant  in  the  world.  He  is  said  to 
have  made  his  immense  fortune  by  at- 
tenuing  to  details,  and  following  closely 
the  one  priced  system  of  merchandising 
of  which  he  was  the  father.  He  died 
April  10,  1876,  in  New  York  city. 

STEWART,  ALVAN,  reformer,  was 
born  Sept.  1,  1790,  in  South  Granville, 
N.  Y.  He  removed  to  Utica,  N.  Y.  His 
life  was  mainly  given  to  the  temperance 
and  the  anti-slavery  causes.  A  volume  of 
his  speeches  was  published  in  1860.  He 
died  May  1,  1849,  in  New  York  city. 

STEWART,  ANDREW,  agriculturist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
June,  1792,  in  Fayette  county,  Pa.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Pennsylvania  state  legisla 
ture,  and  served  three  years;  and  was 
appointed  by  President  Monroe  district 
attorney  for  western  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1821  to  1829,  from  1831  to  1835,  and  from 
1843  to  1847.'  He  died  July  16,  1872,  in 
Uniontown,  Pa. 

STEWART,  ARCHIBALD,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  delegate  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  continental  congress  in  1784 
and  1785  to  fill  a  temporary  vacancy. 

STEWART,  AUSTIN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  about  1793  in  Prince  William 
county,  Va.  He  was  an  author  and  edu 
cator  of  African  descent  who  published 
Twenty-Two  Years  a  Slave  and  Forty 
Years  a  Freeman.  He  died  about  1860. 

STEWART,  CHARLES,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1729  in  Ireland. 
He  became  a  deputy  surveyor-general  of 
the  province  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1777  he 
was  appointed  by  congress  commissary- 
general  of  issues  in  the  continental  army, 
serving  as  such  on  Washington's  staff 
till  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1784-85  he 
was  a  representative  from  New  Jersey  in 
congress.  He  died  July  24,  1800,  in  Flem- 
ington,  N.  J. 

STEWART,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  May  30, 
1836,  in  Memphis,  Tenn.  In  1866  he 
moved  to  Houston,  Texas;  was  city  at 
torney  in  1872;  and  served  two  terms  as 
a  state  senator.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Texas  to  the  forty-eighth, 
forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first  and  fifty- 
second  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

STEWART,  CHARLES  SAMUEL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1795,  in 
Flemington,  N.  J.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  chaplain  in  the  navy;  and  the 
author  of  Residence  at  the  Sandwich 
Islands  in  1822-23;  Visit  to  the  South 
Seas  in  the  Ship  Vincennes;  Sketches  of 
Society  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  in 
1832;  Brazil  and  La  Plata  in  1850-63;  and 
Personal  Record  of  a  Cruise.  He  died 
Dec.  15,  1870,  in  Cooperstown,  N.  Y. 

STEWART,  CHARLES  SEAFORTH, 
soldier,  was  born  April  11,  1823,  at  sea. 
He  served  during  the  civil  war  in  the 
corps  of  engineers,  was  made  major  in 
1863,  and  was  chief  engineer  of  the  mid 
dle  military  division  in  1864-65.  He  was 
made  lieutenant-colonel  in  1867,  colonel 
in  1882,  and  was  retired  in  1886. 

STEWART,  CHASE,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Oct.  26,  1856,  in  Yellow  Springs, 
Ohio.  He  is  an  able  lawyer  of  Springfield, 
Ohio;  and  for  six  years  was  prosecuting 
attorney  of  his  county.  In  1895  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Ohio  house  of 
representatives;  and  re-elected  in  1897. 

STEWART,  DAVID,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1800,  in 
Baltimore,  Md:  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1849  to  1850  by 
executive  appointment  to  fill  a  vacancy. 


He  was  commissioner  of  public  buildings- 
for  the  District  of  Columbia.  He  died  Jan. 
5,  1858,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

STEWART,  DAVID,  clergyman,  was 
born  May  16,  1809,  in  Warren  county, 
Ohio.  In  the  civil  war  he  was  identified 
with  the  various, 
measures  for  the 
support  and  comfort 
of  the  soldiers. 
While  he  was  on  a 
mission  of  that  kind 
to  the  army  at 
Vicksburg,  the  citi 
zens  of  Rush  county 
nominated  him, 
without  his  knowl 
edge,  to  represent 
them  in  the  legisla 
ture.  Thus  pressed 
into  the  political  field  he  made  the  can 
vass,  was  elected  in  1864,  and  re-elected  in 
1866  and  1S68. 

STEWART,  ELIZA  D.,  philanthropist, 
was  born  April  26,  1816,  in  Piketon,  Ohio. 
She  organized  the  first  Woman's  union 
in  the  great  temperance  cause;  and  is 
the  author  of  Memories  of  the  Crusade; 
and  The  Crusader  in  Great  Britain. 

STEWART,  FERDINAND  CAMPBELL, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1815, 
in  Williamsburg,  Va.  He  is  a  physician 
of  New  York  city  who  removed  to  Eng 
land  in  1855;  and  is  the  author  of  Hos 
pitals  and  Surgeons  of  Paris. 

STEWART,  GEORGE  H.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1858,  in. 
Fayette  county,  Ind.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education  in  the  normal  schools,  and 
graduated  in  law  and  the  scientific  course. 
For  four  years  he  was  prosecuting  attor 
ney  of  Frontier  county,  Neb.;  was  state 
senator  from  Ada  county  in  the  second 
session  of  the  Idaho  state  legislature  for 
two  years.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  the 
state  normal  school  of  Albion,  Idaho; 
a  member  of  the  board  of  education  of 
Boise  City;  and  since  1894  has  been 
judge  of  the  district  court  for  a  term  of 
six  years. 

STEWART,  GIDEON  TABOR,  lawyer, 
journalist,  prohibitionist,  was  born  Aug. 
7,  1824,  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y.  In  1861  he 
moved  to  Iowa,  where  he  edited  and  pub 
lished  the  Dubuque  Daily  Times  during 
the  civil  war.  He  has  been  elected  three 
times  grand  worthy  chief  Templar  by  the 
Good  Templars  of  Iowa,  and  has  been 
their  nominee  three  times  for  governor, 
seven  times  for  supreme  judge,  once  for 
congress,  and  once  for  vice-president  of 
the  United  States. 

STEWART,  HARLON  LINCOLN,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1861,  in  Nor- 
walk,  Ohio.  He  is  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  Norwalk  Daily  News  in  Norwalk, 
Ohio. 

STEWART,  ISAAC  A.,  lawyer,  jurist,, 
was  born  Jan.  10,  1854,  in  Knox  county, 
Ky.  Since  1891  he  has  been  judge  of 
the  criminal  court  at  De  Land,  Fla.  He 
is  one  of  the  largest  orange  growers  in 
his  section. 

STEWART,  JACOB  HENRY,  surgeon, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1829,  in 
Clermont,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Minnesota  state  senate  in  1858  and 
1859;  and  was  surgeon-general  of  the- 
state  from  1857  to  1863.  He  was  appoint 
ed  surgeon  of  the  first  Minnesota  volun 
teer  infantry  in  1861.  He  was  surgeon  of 
the  board  of  enrollment  in  1864  and  1865. 
He  was  postmaster  of  St.  Paul  from  1865 
to  1870;  and  mayor  of  St.  Paul  in  1864, 
1866,  1872,  1873  and  1874.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Minnesota  to  the 
forty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican.  He 
died  Aug.  25,  1844,  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


891 


STEWART,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1770.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  North  Carolina  during  the 
years  1818  and  1819.  He  died  in  Feb 
ruary,  1822,  in  North  Carolina. 

STEWART,  JAMES,  physician,  author, 
was  born  April  7,  1799,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  physician  of  New  York  city; 
and  the  author  of  Diseases  of  Children; 
and  The  Lungs.  He  died  Sept.  12,  1864,  in 
Rye,  N.  Y. 

STEWART,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  24,  1808,  in  Dorchester  county,  Md. 
He  served  in  the  state  legislature;  and 
was  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Mary 
land.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Maryland  to  the  thirty-fourth  and 
thirty-fifth  congresses,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

STEWART,  JAMES  FLEMING,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  15,  1851,  in 
Paterson,  N.  J.  He  graduated  at  the  Law 
school  of  the  uni 
versity  of  New  York 
in  1870,  taking  the 
first  prize  for  best 
examination.  H  e 
practiced  law  in  New 
York  city  until  1875, 
since  which  time  he 
has  followed  his  pro 
fession  in  his  native 
city.  He  was  three 
times  appointed  re 
corder  of  Paterson, 
the  criminal  magis 
trate  of  the  city,  which  office  he  occupied 
at  the  time  of  his  election  to  congress. 
He  was  elected  to  the  flfty-fourth  and 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

STEWART,  JAMES  JONES,  lawyer, 
was  born  April  22,  1868.  in  Montgomery, 
Ala.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
university  of  Alabama,  and  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  years  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  the  supreme  court  of  Alabama.  He  has 
attained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Braidentown,  Fla. ;  and  for  three  years 
was  captain  of  company  G,  first  regiment 
Alabama  state  troops. 

STEWART,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1800  to  1801  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
seventh  and  eighth  congresses. 

STEWART,  JOHN,  agriculturist,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1795  in  Chatham.  He  served 
many  years  in  the  Connecticut  legisla 
ture;  and  was  judge  of  Middlesex  county 
court.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Connecticut  from  1843  to  1845. 
He  died  Sept.  16,  1860,  in  Chatham,  Conn. 

STEWART,  JOHN  D.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  clergyman,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  2,  1833,  in  Fayette  county,  Ga.  He 
was  elected  probate  judge,  and  served  as 
such  five  years;  and  was  lieutenant  and 
captain  in  the  thirteenth  Georgia  regi 
ment  during  the  civil  war.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Georgia  legislature  in  1865- 
67.  He  was  ordained  a  minister  of  tne 
baptist  church  in  1871;  and  was  mayor  of 
Griffin,  Ga.,  in  1875-76.  He  was  judge  of 
the  superior  court  from  1879  until  1886; 
and  was  twice  elected  judge  by  the  legis 
lature  without  opposition.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fiftieth  congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

STEWART,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
in  1825  in  Middlebury,  Vt.  He  was  state's 
attorney  for  his  native  county  from  1852 
to  1855.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1856  and  1857;  was  a 
state  senator  in  1862  and  1863;  and  was 


again  in  the  assembly  in  1864,  1865,  1866, 
and  1867.  He  was  governor  of  the  state 
from  1870  to  1872;  and  was  again  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  legislature  in  1876  and 
1877.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Vermont  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

STEWART,  MARCUS  A.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Sept.  21,  1852,  in  Madison,  Wis. 
He  is  a  writer  of  San  Jose,  Cal.;  and  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Rosita. 

STEWART,  ORRVILLE  H.,  journalist, 
poet,  author,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1876,  in 
Adams,  Ind.  He  is  the  city  editor  of  the 
Daily  New  Era  of  Greensburg,  Ind.;  staff 
correspondent  of  several  metropolitan 
dailies,  and  a  regular  contributor  to  the 
Louisville  Courier-Journal,  the  Chicago 
Chronicle,  Indianapolis  Journal,  and  the 
Cincinnati  Commercial  Gazette.  His  best- 
known  poem  is  Down  on  the  Farm,  and 
his  Hoosier  Stories  have  been  widely  cop 
ied  in  the  periodical  press. 

STEWART,  PHILO  PENFIELD,  found 
er,  was  born  in  July,  1798,  in  Sherman, 
Conn.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
Oberlin  college.  He  died  Dec.  13,  1868. 

STEWART,  ROBERT  ADGER,  lawyer, 
orator,  was  born  March  6,  1862,  in  Abbe 
ville,  S.  C.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  South  Carolina  college  and  the  Hamp 
ton  institute,  Virginia.  He  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  law  and  secretary  of  the  law 
faculty  of  Allen  university,  South  Caro 
lina;  and  in  1886  was  elected  dean  of  the 
law  department,  which  he  declined.  In 
1884  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  is  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  south  at 
Manning,  S.  C.;  and  is  well  known  as  the 
silver-tongued  orator  of  the  south.  He 
has  received  the  degree  of  LL.  B.,  and 
contributes  extensively  to  law  literature. 

STEWART,  ROBERT  MERCELLUS, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  March 
12,  1815,  in  Truxton,  N.  Y.  In  1845  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention,  and  for  ten  years  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate.  He  was  elected 
governor  of  Missouri  in  1857.  He  died 
Sept.  21,  1871,  in  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

STEWART,  THOMAS  E.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
22,  1824,  in  New  York  city.  In  1854  he  was 
elected  a  commissioner  of  common 
schools;  and  in  1864  and  1865  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  New  York  state  assem 
bly.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress. 

STEWART,  THOMAS  McCANTS,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1854, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  has  been 
professor  of  mathematics  in  the  State 
Agricultural  college  of  South  Caro 
lina;  and  since  1886  has  practiced  law 
in  New  York  city.  He  ranks  high  as 
an  orator  and  as  an  author,  his  best- 
known  book  being  Liberia:  The  Amer- 
ico-African  Republic.  During  1891-95  he 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  education 
of  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  and  served  on  sev 
eral  important  committees. 

STEWART,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
16,  1811,  in  Mercer,  Pa.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate  of  Pennsylvania 
for  three  years.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress. 

STEWART,  WILLIAM  BELL,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1818,  in  Butler 
county,  Pa.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Washington  college,  Pennsylvania; 


and  has  attained  success  as  a  clergyman 
of  the  presbyterian  church.  He  has  been 
pastor  and,  principal  of  several  colleges; 
and  secretary  of  the  American  Tract  so 
ciety. 

STEWART,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1838,  in 
Deep  Creek,  Va.  Since  1873  he  has  been 
successfully  engaged 
in  the  practice  of 
law  in  Virginia.  For 
two  terms  of  four 
years  each  he  was 
commonwealth's  at 
torney  for  the  coun 
ty  of  Norfolk;  dur 
ing  1887-94  was  vice- 
president  and  direc 
tor  of  the  Ports 
mouth  Street  Rail 
way  company;  was 
a  director  in  the  Su 
burban  Railway  company  of  Norfolk,  Va. ; 
and  is  now  president  of  the  Port  Norfolk 
Electric  railway,  which  runs  from  Ports 
mouth  to  Port  Norfolk,  of  which  latter  city 
he  was  the  founder.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Battle  of  the  Crater, and  other  works; 
and  a  number  of  articles  contributed  to. 
current  literature.  He  served  as  second 
lieutenant  of  the  Wise  light  dragoons, 
state  volunteers;  and  subsequently  the 
Jackson  Grays,  confederate  army.  He, 
fought  gallantly  throughout  the  war;  and 
was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel. 

STEWART,  WILLIAM  M.,  educator,, 
was  born  Sept.  5,  1859,  in  Draper,  Utah. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools,  and  graduated 
from  the  state  university  of  Utah,  subse 
quently  receiving  the  degree  of  master  of 
didactics.  He  then  began  educational 
work,  and  was  elected  superintendent  ot 
schools  in  Salt  Lake  county  in  1885,  re 
ceiving  the  re-election  twice.  He  has 
served  as  regent  of  the  university  for 
three  terms;  and  is  now  principal  of  the 
state  normal  school  and  professor  of  ped 
agogy  in  the  state  university.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  educational  affairs, 
and  in  1887  attended  the  National  Educa 
tional  association  held  in  Chicago,  and 
was  elected  director  of  the  Educational 
association  for  Utah;  and  the  following 
year  attended  the  convention  of  the  Na 
tional  Educational  association  in  San 
Francisco. 

STEWART,  WILLIAM  MORRIS,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug. 
9,  1827,  in  Lyons,  N.  Y.  In  1860  he  re 
moved  to  Virginia  City,  Nev.,  where  he 
was  largely  engaged  in  early  mining  liti 
gation  and  in  the  development  of  the 
Comstock  lode.  He  was  elected  United 
States  senator  in  1864  and  re-elected  in 
1869;  in  1875  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
law  in  Nevada,  California,  and  the  Pa 
cific  coast  generally,  and  was  thus  en 
gaged  when  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate,  as  a  republican. 

STICKLER,  JOSEPH  WILLIAM,  scien 
tist,  was  born  June  26,  1854.  Much  or 
iginal  work  has  been  performed  by  him 
in  attempting  to  dis 
cover  a  disease  in 
the  lower  animals, 
which  will  furnish 
virus,  which,  when 
introduced  into  the 
human  tissues,  will 
render  them  proof 
against  the  con 
tagion  of  scarlet 
fever.  He  has  done 
much  to  secure  such 
legislative  action  as 
will  probably  result 
in  the  eradication  of  bovine  tuberculosis 
from  the  state  of  New  Jersey, 


892 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


STICKNEY,  ALBERT,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1839,  in  Massachusetts.  He 
is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  The  Lawyer  and  His  Clients; 
A  True  Republic;  Democratic  Govern 
ment:  a  Study  of  Politics;  and  The  Po 
litical  Problem. 

STICKNEY,  ALPHEUS  BEEDE,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  June  27,  1840,  In 
Wilton,  Maine.  Since  1894  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Chicago  and  Great  Wesf- 
ern  railway  at  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

STICKNEY,  HORACE  A.,  merchant, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1846,  in  Harrison, 
Iowa.  For  many  years  he  studied  medi 
cine;  was  for  several  years  engaged  in 
railroad  work,  then  followed  mercantile 
pursuits;  and  is  now  the  proprietor  of 
property  interests  and  a  large  hotel  in 
Steele,  N.  D.  He  has  contributed  both 
prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical  press. 

STICKNEY,  JOHN,  musician,  was  born 
in  1742  in  Stoughton,  Mass.  He  traveled 
extensively  through  the  New  England 
states,  and  acquired  reputation  as  a  teach 
er  and  composer,  but  finally  settled  in 
South  Hadley,  where  he  continued  his 
teaching.  He  published  The  Gentlemen 
and  Ladies'  Musical  Companion,  a  valu 
able  collection  of  psalms  and  anthems,  to 
gether  with  explanatory  rules  for  learning 
to  sing.  He  died  in  1826  in  South  Had 
ley,  Mass. 

STICKNEY,  MRS.  JULIA  GRANBY 
[NOYES],  poet,  was  born  July  5,  1830,  in 
West  Newbury,  Mass.  She  is  a  poet  of 
Groveland,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of 
Poems  on  Lake  Winnepesaukee. 

STIFFER,  J.  ML,,  educator,  clergyman, 
theologian,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1839,  in  Al- 
toona,  Pa.  During  1871-75  he  filled  the 
chair  of  Bible  exegesis  in  Shurtleff  col 
lege;  and  in  1882  was  called  to  the  same 
chair  in  the  Crozer  Theological  seminary. 
He  has  published  a  number  of  sermons 
and  religious  works. 

STILES,  CHARLES  WARDELL,  zool 
ogist,  was  born  May  15,  1867,  in  Spring 
Valley,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  professor  of 
zoology  in  the  Georgetown  university; 
and  zoologist  in  the  bureau  of  animal  in 
dustry  of  the  United  States  department 
of  agriculture.  His  publications  have 
been  chiefly  on  medical  zoology. 

STILES,  EDWARD  H.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Oct.  8,  1836,  in  Granby,  Conn.  In 
1892  he*  was  appointed  master  in  chancery 
of  the  United  States  circuit  court  for  the 
western  district  of  Missouri. 

STILES,  EZRA,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  29,  1727,  in  North  Haven,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman,  fa 
mous  in  colonial  days,  who  was  president 
of  Yale  college  in  1778-95.  He  was  the 
author  of  Account  of  the  Settlement  of 
Bristol,  R.  I.;  and  History  of  Three  of 
the  Judges  of  Charles  the  First,  Whalley, 
Goffe,  and  Dixwell.  He  died  May  12,  1795, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

STILES,  GEORGE  P.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  New  York;  and  removed  to 
Iowa.  In  1854  he  was  appointed  an  asso 
ciate  judge  of  the  United  States  court  for 
the  territory  of  Utah. 

STILES,  HENRY  REED,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  10,  1832,  in  Nerw 
York  city.  He  is  a  prominent  physician 
of  Brooklyn;  and  the  author  of  History 
and  Genealogies  of  Ancient  Windsor,  Con 
necticut;  History  of  Brooklyn,  Long  Is 
land;  and  The  Wallaboiit  Prison  Ship. 

STILES,  ISRAEL  NEWTON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  July  16,  1833. 
in  Suffleld,  Conn.  He  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  two  years  and  a  member  of  the 
Indiana  legislature,  and  became  active  as 
an  anti-slavery  orator  during  the  Fremont 


canvass,  delivering  more  than  sixty 
speeches.  He  was  subsequently  major, 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  colonel  of  the  six 
ty-third  Indiana,  and  finally  brevet  brig 
adier-general,  his  commission  being  dated 
Jan.  31,  1865.  He  removed  to  Chicago, 
where  he  has  earned  a  high  reputation  as 
a  lawyer. 

STILES.  JOHN  D.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1823,  in  Lu- 
zerne  county.  Pa.  In  1853  he  was  elected 
district  attorney  for 
Lehigh  county,  and 
held  the  office  three 
years.  In  1856  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  na 
tional  convention 
which  nominated  Mr. 
Buchanan  for  presi 
dent.  He  was  elected 
to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress  to  fill  a  va 
cancy;  and  in  1862 
was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty  -  eighth  con 
gress.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago 
convention  of  1864;  to  the  Philadelphia 
national  union  convention  of  1866;  and  to 
the  New  York  democratic  convention  of 
1868.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  and 
forty-first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

STILES,  JOSEPH  CLAY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1795,  in  Savan 
nah,  Ga.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man,  after  1860  an  evangelist  in  the  south; 
and  was  the  author  of  Modern  Reform 
Examined,  or  the  Union  of  North  and 
South  on  Slavery;  and  The  National  Con 
troversy.  He  died  March  27,  1875,  in  Sa 
vannah,  Ga. 

STILES,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  in  Janu 
ary,  1808,  in  Savannah,  Ga.  In  1833  he ' 
was  elected  solicitor-general  of  the  east 
ern  district  of  Georgia,  which  office  he 
resigned  in  1836.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Georgia  from  1843  to 
1845;  and  was  appointed  by  President 
Polk  charge  d'  affaires  to  Austria.  He 
served  as  a  colonel  in  the  great  rebellion. 
He  published  a  History  of  Austria.  He 
died  Dec.  20,  1865,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

STILL.  WILLIAM,  philanthropist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1821,  in  Shamony, 
N.  J.  He  is  a  noted  Philadelphia  philan 
thropist  of  African  descent;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Underground  Railroad;  Vot 
ing  and  Laboring;  and  Struggle  for  the 
Rights  of  Colored  People  in  Philadelphia. 

STILLE,  ALFRED,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  30,  1813,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  a  physician  of  Philadelphia; 
find  the  author  of  Elements  of  General 
Pathology;  The  Unity  of  Medicine;  Hum- 
boldt's  Life  and  Character;  Was  as  an 
Element  of  Civilization;  Othello  and  Des- 
demona:  their  Characters;  The  National 
Dispensatory  (with  Maisch);  Therapeu 
tics  and  Materia  Medica;  Epidemic  Men 
ingitis;  and  Epidemic  or  Malignant  Chol 
era. 

STILLE,  CHARLES  JANEWAY,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1819,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Philadelphia 
educator,  and  provost  of  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1868-80.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Historical  Development  of  Ameri 
can  Civilization;  Studies  in  Medijeval  Ci 
vilization;  Beaumarchais  and  the  Lost 
Million,  a  chapter  of  the  Secret  History  of 
the  American  Revolution;  History  of  the 
United  States  Sanitary  Commission;  How 
a  Free  People  Conduct  a  Long  War; 
Northern  Interest  and  Southern  Indepen 
dence;  Life  and  Times  of  John  Dickin 
son;  and  General  Anthony  Wayne  and  the 
Pennsylvania  Line. 


in  Bethel,  Ohio. 


STILLE,  GEORGE  NELSON,  journal 
ist,  public  official,  was  born  April  26,  1857, 
He  learned  the  printing 
business,  and  is  now 
the  editor  and  part 
owner  of  The  Repub 
lican  of  Unionville, 
Mo.  He  has  been 
sheriff  of  Putnam 
county  fortwoterms; 
postmaster  of  his 
city;  and  in  1896  was 
nominee  for  railroad 
and  warehouse  com 
missioner  of  the 
state  of  Missouri.  He 
has  served  on  coun 
ty,  congressional  and  state  committees; 
has  been  a  delegate  to  two  national  re 
publican  conventions,  and  several  state 
and  congressional  conventions.  He  is 
prominent  in  fraternal  orders,  and  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 
STILLE,  MORETON.  physician,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  27,  1822,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.'  He  was  a  Philadelphia  physician; 
and  the  author  of  a  Treatise  on  Medical 
Jurisprudence.  He  died  Aug.  20,  1855,  in 
Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. 

STILLMAN,  JAMES  W.,  lawyer,  mer 
chant,  legislator,  author,  poet,  was  born 
in  1840  in  Unadilla  Forks,  N.  Y.  In  1868- 
69  he  was  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island 
state  legislature,  where  he  distinguished 
himself  by  espousing  the  cause  of  wo 
man  suffrage.  Since  1880  he  has  been 
a  merchant  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the 
author  of  Woman  Suffrage;  The  Mormon 
Question;  The  Unknown  God;  God  and 
the  Universe;  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

STILLMAN,  THOMAS  BLISS,  civil  en 
gineer,  banker,  inventor,  was  born  Aug. 
30,  1806,  in  Westerly,  R.  I.  During  the 
civil  war  he  was  United  States  inspector 
of  steam  vessels  for  the  New  York  dis 
trict,  and  superintendent  of  construction 
of  revenue  cutters.  For  nearly  twenty 
years  he  was  a  trustee  of  the  New  York 
hospital,  and  he  was  long  president  of 
the  Metropolitan  Savings  bank.  He  in 
vented  improved  forms  of  machinery  that 
have  come  into  use.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1866, 
in  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

STILLMAN,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  littera 
teur,  artist,  author,  was  born  June  1,  1828, 
in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  writer  and 
artist  who  was  consul  at  Rome  in  1861-65, 
and  in  Crete  in  1865-69.  He  has  lived  at 
Rome  from  1886  as  the  correspondent  of 
The  London  Times  for  Italy  and  Greece. 
He  is  the  author  of  History  of  the  Cretan 
Insurrection;  Poetic  Localities  of  Cam 
bridge;  Herzegovina  and  the  Late  Upris 
ing;  Turkish  Rule  and  Warfare;  On  the 
Track  of  Ulysses;  and  Manual  of  Photo 
graphy. 

STILLMAN,  WILLIAM  OLIN,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1856,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  He  resides  in  Albany,  N. 
Y.,  where  he  is  actively  and  very  success 
fully  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine. 
He  is  the  author  of  Two  Vaginal  Specu- 
lums;  Cholera  and  Prevention;  and  Pop 
ular  Sanitation. 

STILWELL,  JOHN  B.,  soldier,  educa 
tor,  was  born  June  23,  1843,  in  Scipio.Mich. 
He  received  a  thorough  education  in  his 
native  state.  He  served  as  a  soldier  dur 
ing  the  civil  war  as  a  private  in  company 
M,  fifth  regiment  Michigan  cavalry.  He 
enlisted  Sept.  23,  1862;  was  captured  on 
March  2,  1864;  was  in  Libby  prison  and 
Andersonville  until  Nov.  21,  when  he  was 
exchanged  at  Savannah,  Ga.  He  served 
with  distinction  and  was  honorably  dis 
charged  July  5.  1865.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  educational  work,  and  is  now  su 
perintendent  of  schools  of  McMinnville, 
Mich. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


S9Z 


STILWELL,  SILAS  MOORE,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  June  6,  1800,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1814  he  engaged  in 
surveying  in  the  west,  and  then  settled  in 
Tennessee,  where  in  1822  he  was  in  the 
legislature.  He  died  May  16,  1881,  in  New 
York  city. 

STILWELL,  THOMAS  L.,  lawyer,  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1830. 
in  Stilwell,  Ohio.  In  1856  he  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  of  Indiana.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  'Indiana 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress;  and  in  1867 
was  appointed  minister  resident  to  Vene 
zuela.  He  was  killed  Jan.  14,  1874,  in  An 
derson,  Ind. 

STIMMEL,  SMITH,  soldier,  lawyer,  was 
born  Dec.  17,  1842,  in  Franklin  county, 
Ohio.  He  served  as  a  soldier  during  the 
civ  il  war,  and  was  on  President  Lincoln's 
body  guard  from  January,  1864,  till  date 
of  his  assassination.  He  removed  to  Par- 
go,  N.  D.,  and  in  1889  was  made  presi 
dent  of  the  Dakota  council  (senate). 

STIMPSON,  WILLIAM,  naturalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1832,  in  Roxbury, 
Mass.  He  was  a  naturalist  of  eminence: 
and  the  author  of  Descriptiones  Animali- 
um  Evertebratorum;  Notes  on  North 
American  Crustacea;  and  Crustacea 
Dredged  in  the  Gulf  Stream.  He  died  May 
26,  1872,  in  Ilchester  Mills,  Md. 

ST1MSON,  ALEXANDER  LOVETT, 
lawyer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
14,  1816,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  law 
yer  and  journalist;  and  the  author  of 
History  of  the  Express  Companies;  New 
England  Boys;  and  Waifwood,  a  novel. 

STIMSON,  FREDERICK  JESUP,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  July  20,  1855,  in 
Dedham,  Mass.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  pop 
ular  novelist  of  Boston;  and  the  author 
of  Labor  in  its  Relations  to  Law;  Hand 
book  of  the  Labor  Law  of  the  United 
States;  American  Statute  Law;  Glossary 
of  Technical  Terms  of  the  Common  Law; 
Uniform  State  Legislation.  In  fiction  he 
has  published  Guerndale;  The  Crime  of 
Henry  Vane;  The  King's  Men;  The  Resi 
duary  Legatee;  The  Sentimental  Calen 
dar;  In  the  Three  Zones;  First  Harvests; 
Pirate  Gold;  King  Noanett;  and  Rollo's 
Journey  to  Cambridge. 

STIMSON,  JOHN  WARD,  artist,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  16,  1850,  in  Paterson,  N.  J. 
He  is  an  artist  of  New  York  city,  four 
years  superintendent  of  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  Art  schools;  and  the  author  of 
The  Law  of  Three  Primaries. 

STIMSON,  LEWIS  ATTERBURY,  phy 
sician,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1844 
in  New  Jersey.  He  is  a  physician  of 
New  York  city,  professor  of  surgery  in  the 
university  of  the  city  of  New  York;  and 
the  author  of  Manual  of  Operative  Sur 
gery;  Practical  Treatise  on  Fractures; 
and  Treatise  on  Dislocations. 

STINELL,  JOHN  HENRY,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1840,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war,  and  was  second  lieutenant  of  the 
second  regiment  New  York  artillery.  He 
is  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Rhode 
Island;  and  president  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Historical  society. 

STITH,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1689  in  Virginia.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  of  Virginia,  and  pres 
ident  of  William  and  Mary  college  in 
1752-55.  He  wrote  a  History  of  Virginia. 
He  died  Sept.  27,  1755,  in  Williamsburg, 
Va. 

STIVER,  SAMUEL  L.,  educator,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  1, 
1848.  in  Potter's  Mills,  Pa.  In  1874  he 
graduated  with  first  honors  from  the  La 
Fayette  college,  after  taking  the  junior 


prize  in  mathematics  and  senior  prize  in 
astronomy.  In  1878  he  graduated  from 
Union  Theological  seminary  of  New  York 
city;  the  same  year  he  was  licensed  as  a 
clergyman,  and  the  following  year  was 
ordained  in  the  High  Street  Presbyterian 
church.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  va 
rious  churches;  and  since  1881  has  been 
proprietor  and  superintendent  of  the  Bun 
ker  Hill  Military  academy,  Illinois.  He 
has  been  editor  of  various  publications, 
and  has  contributed  extensively  to  cur 
rent  literature;  and  is  the  author  of  sev 
eral  educational  works.  He  is  a  brilliant 
lecturer  and  educator;  and  is  prominent 
in  the  political  affairs  of  Macoupin  coun 
ty,  111. 

STIVERS,  EMMONS  B.,  lawyer,  educa 
tor,  state  legislator,  author.  For  a  num 
ber  of  years  he  was  actively  engaged  in 
school  work,  either  as  teacher,  principal 
or  superintendent.  He  is  the  author  of 
Outlines  of  United  States  History;  and 
Recreations  in  School  Studies.  He  was 
elected  as  a  democrat  from  Brown  county, 
Ohio,  to  the  seventy-second  general  as 
sembly  of  Ohio. 

STIVERS,  HENRY  C.,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  30, 1848. 
in  Pomeroy,  Ohio.  He  is  the  editor  and 
cwner  of  the  Journal  of  Brainerd,  Minn., 
of  which  city  he  was  mayor  in  1890.  The 
following  year  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Minnesota  state  legislature. 

STIVERS,  MOSES  DUNNING,  manu 
facturer,  journalist,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  30,  1828,  near  Beemerville,  N.  J. 
In  1869  he  became  collector  of  United 
States  internal  revenue  for  the  eleventh 
district  of  New  York,  which  office  he  held 
fourteen  years.  In  1868  he  became  pro 
prietor  of  the  Orange  County  Press,  then 
a  weekly,  and  now  a  semi-weekly.  He  is 
also  one  of  the  proprietors  and  editors  of 
the  Miduletown  Daily  Press.  He  was  pres 
ident  of  the  New  York  State  Press  associ 
ation  in  1887.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress" as  a  republican, 

ST.  JOHN,  CHARLES,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1818,  in  Orange 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  merchant  and 
lumberman  of  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y. ;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-second  and  forty-third  con 
gresses. 

ST.  JOHN,  DANIEL  B.,  merchant,  bank 
er,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  8,  1808,  in  Sharon,  Conn.  In  1839  he 
was  elected  to  the  New  York  state  legis 
lature.  He  was  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  thirtieth  congress;  and 
from  1849  until  1855  had  charge  of  the 
bank  department  of  New  York. 

ST.  JOHN,  EVERITTE,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1844,  in  Connecti 
cut.  He  is  the  vice-president  and  general 
manager  of  the  Seaboard  Airline  of  Nor 
folk,  Va.;  and  is  one  of  the  most  noted 
railroad  men  in  America.  In  1862  he  en 
tered  railroad  service  as  a  clerk;  and  in 
1863  became  connected  with  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  and  Pacific  railway,  of  which 
he  eventually  became  general  manager. 
In  1891  he  reorganized  the  General  Mana 
gers'  association  of  Chicago,  and  was  its 
permanent  chairman  until  Jan.  1,  1895, 
when  he  took  the  office  of  vice-president 
of  the  Seaboard  line;  and  since  his  con 
nection  with  that  company  he  has  made 
it  one  of  the  leading  railroads  of  the 
south. 

ST.  JOHN,  HENRY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1843  to 
1847. 

ST.  JOHN,  ISAAC  MUNROE,  civil  engi 
neer,  soldier,  journalist,  was  born  Nov. 
19,  1827,  in  Augusta,  Ga.  He  entered  the 


engineer  corps  of  the  confederate  army  at 
Richmond,  Va.,and  was  promoted  through 
the  various  grades  to  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general.  He  was  city  engineer  of 
Louisville  in  1870-71,  made  the  first  topo 
graphical  map  of  that  city,  and  estab 
lished  its  system  of  sewerage.  From  1871 
until  his  death  he  was  consulting  engi 
neer  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  rail 
road,  and  chief  engineer  of  the  Lexington 
and  Big  Sandy  railroad.  He  died  April  7, 
1880,  in  Sulphur  Springs,  W.  Va. 

ST.  JOHN,  JASON  EDGAR,  educator, 
was  born  May  30,  1848,  in  Clinton,  Mich. 
For  the  past  quarter  of  a  century  he  has 
been  connected  with  the  Industrial  School 
for  Boys  of  Lansing,  Mich.,  of  which  in 
stitution  he  is  superintendent. 

ST.  JOHN,  JOHN  PIERCE,  governor, 
was  born  Feb.  25,  1833,  in  Franklin  coun 
ty,  Ind.  He  removed  to  Olathe,  Kan.,  in 
1869,  served  in  the  state  senate  in  1873-74, 
and  was  elected  governor  of  Kansas  as  a 
republican  in  1878,  serving  until  1882. 

ST.  MARTIN,  LOUIS,  merchant,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1820  in  Saint  Charles  Parish,  La.  He  was 
appointed  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  New 
Orleans  post-offlce;  and  was  elected  in 
1846  to  the  legislature  of  Louisiana.  He 
was  appointed  the  same  year  register  of 
the  United  States  land  office  for  the  south 
eastern  district  of  Louisiana  by  President 
Polk;  and  was  elected  a  second  time  to 
the  legislature.  After  two  years'  service 
he  was  elected  to  the  thirty-second  con 
gress  from  the  first  district  of  Louisiana. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

STOCKARD,  HENRY  JEROME,  A.  M., 
educator,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1858,  In 
Chatham  county,  N.  C.  He  is  professor 
of  English  in  the  university  of  North  Car 
olina.  His  contributions  to  literature  have 
appeared  in  the  Century,  Youth's  Com 
panion,  and  other  publications. 

STOCKARD,  MRS.  V.  A.  C.,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  March  27,  1848, 
in  Knox  county,  Mo.  She  received  a  thor 
ough  education,  and  for  many  years  was 
engaged  as  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools. 
Her  principal  primary  work  was  in  the 
Richmond  college,  Missouri.  For  eight 
years  she  taught  mathematics  and  French 
in  the  Central  Female  college  of  Lexing 
ton,  Mo.;  and  since  1884  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Cottey  college  of  Nevada,  Mo. 

STOCKBRIDGE,  FRANCIS  BROWN, 
merchant,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  1826  in  Bath,  Maine.  In  1850  he  settled 
at  Saugatuck,  Mich.  He  served  as  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Michigan  legislature  in 
1869;  and  was  a  state  senator  in  1871.  In 
1874  he  moved  to  Kalamazoo.  In  1887  he 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for 
term  expiring  in  1893. 

STOCKBRIDGE,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
18,  1856,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1887  he 
became  one  of  the 
editorial  staff  of  the 
Baltimore  American, 
with  which  paper  he 
is  still  connected.  In 
1882  he  was  appoint 
ed  an  examiner  in 
equity  by  the  su 
preme  bench  of  Bal 
timore  City.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress  as  a  re 
publican.  During 
1887-89  he  was  on 

the  editorial  staff  of  the  Baltimore  Amer 
ican.  In  1891  he  was  appointed  commis 
sioner  of  emigration  at  the  port  of  Balti 
more;  and  in  1896  was  elected  associate 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Baltimore 
City. 


-'.•I 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


STOCKBRIDGE,  LEVI,  agriculturist, 
was  born  March  13,  1820,  in  North  Had- 
ley,  Mass.  For  twelve  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  state  board  of  agriculture 
of  Massachusetts;  in  1867  he  was  called 
to  a  chair  in  the  Massachusetts  Agricul 
tural  college  of  Amherst,  of  which  he  was 
president  in  1880-82.  He  has  conducted  a 
series  of  investigations  on  the  fertiliza 
tion  of  crops;  and  his  researches  have 
chiefly  appeared  in  the  Annual  Reports 
of  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  College. 

STOCKDALE,  JOHN  LARK,  educator, 
soldier,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Aug. 
12,  1831,  in  Edgefield.  S.  C.  During  1845- 

49    he    attended    the 

'  Talladega  Male  High 
school;  from  1851-54 
he  attended  the  Med 
ical  college  of  South 
Carolina;  and  subse 
quently  attended  the 
Augusta  Medical  col 
lege  and  the  univer 
sity  of  Nashville, 
Tennessee.  For  many 
years  he  taught  in 
the  Talladega  Male 
High  school;  and 
during  1861-65  was  a  surgeon  in  the  con 
federate  states  army,  with  rank  of  ma 
jor.  He  has  been  registrar  and  master 
in  chancery  of  the  fourteenth  district  N. 
E.  chancery  division;  president  of  the 
"Clay  county  Medical  society;  and  is  prom 
inent  in  various  other  medical  bodies. 

STOCKDALE,  THOMAS  RINGLAND, 
soldier,  educator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  from 
Mississippi  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second,  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a 
•democrat. 

STOCKHAM,  ALICE  BUNKER,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  in  1833  in  Ohio. 
She  is  a  prominent  physician  and  author 
•of  the  well-known  work  entitled  Toko 
logy,  which  has  been  translated  into  sev- 
•eral  languages. 

STOCKLEY,  CHARLES  C.,  banker, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  6, 
1S19,  in  Georgetown,  Del.  In  1873  he  was 
elected  a  state  senator  for  the  term  of 
four  years,  and  at  the  second  session  of 
that  body  was  elected  speaker.  He  was 
president  of  the  Breakwater  and  Frank- 
ford  railroad,  and  president  of  the  Farm 
ers'  bank  of  the  state  of  Delaware.  In 
1882  he  was  elected  governor  of  Delaware. 

STOCKLY,    GEORGE    WASHINGTON, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1843,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.    In  1876  he  called  the  at- 
tenl  Ion  of  Charles  !•" 
Brush  to  the  subject 
(^?  of    illumination    and 

,''**  subsequently  arrang- 

•    £s          yy       ed   with   him   to  un- 
ff     j    dertake   the   produc- 
^Kc'  j    tion  of  a  system  of 

'^f  electric  arc  lighting. 
The  first  Brush  plant 
was  made  and  tested 
in  the  factory  and  at 
the  expense  of  the 
Telegraph  Supply 
company,  and  an  ar 
rangement  was  made  whereby  the  com 
pany  took  active  control  of  the  business 
under  the  Brush  patents,  paying  Mr. 
Brush  a  royalty.  During  the  next  four 
teen  years  the  Brush  Electric  company, 
which  succeeded  the  Telegraph  Supply 
company,  with  Mr.  Stockly  as  president 
and  manager,  achieved  immense  success 
as  pioneers  of  public  electric  lighting.  He 
introduced  the  telephone  in  Ohio  and  built 
and  operated  the  first  telephone  exchange 
In  the  country. 


STOCKSLAGER,  STROTHER  M.,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  Journalist,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  May  7,  1842,  in 
Mauckport.  Ind.  He  served  in  the  union 
aimy  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  He 
was  a  state  senator  from  1874  to  1878.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Indiana 
to  the  forty-seventh  congress;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a 
democrat.  Since  1878  he  has  been  the  edi 
tor  of  the  Corydon  Democrat. 

STOCKTON,  FRANCIS  RICHARD,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  5,  1834,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  a  widely  popular  humor 
ist  and  novel-writer  who  first  attracted 
general  notice  by  his  now  famous  Rudder 
Grange,  a  thoroughly  original  piece  of 
humor.  In  the  same  vein  are  The  Rudder 
Grangers  Abroad,  and  Other  Stories;  Po 
mona's  Travels;  and  The  Casting  Away 
of  Mrs.  Leeks  and  Mrs.  Aleshine.  His 
other  works,  which  all  display  original 
inventive  humor,  are.  Tales  Out  of  School: 
The  Ting-a-Ling  Stories;  Roundabout 
Rambles;  What  Might  Have  Been  Expect 
ed;  A  Jolly  Fellowship;  The  Floating 
Prince;  The  Story  of  Viteau;  The  Late 
Mrs.  Null;  The  Lady  or  the  Tiger?,  his 
most  celebrated  work;  The  Christmas 
Wreck,  and  Other  Stories;  The  Hun 
dredth  Man;  The  Bee  Man  of  Orn;  The 
Dusantes;  Amos  Kilbright;  Ardis  Cla- 
verden;  The  Great  War  Syndicate;  The 
Stories  of  the  Three  Burglars;  The  Mer 
ry  Chanter;  The  House  of  Martha;  Ko- 
bel  Land;  The  Clocks  of  Rondaine;  The 
Watchmaker's  Wife;  The  Adventures  of 
Captain  Horn;  A  Chosen  Few;  Personal 
ly  Conducted;  A  Story-Teller's  Pack,  a 
\olume  of  short  stories;  Stories  of  New 
Jersey;  and  Captain  Chap,  or  the  Rolling 
Stones. 

STOCKTON,  JOHN  DREAN,  journalist, 
was  born  April  26,  1836,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  From  1873  till  his  death  he  was  dra 
matic  and  musical  critic  of  the  New  York 
Herald.  He  wrote  Fox  and  Geese,  a  com 
edy  which  ran  one  hundred  nights  in  New 
York  and  'other  cities,  and  more  than 
three  hundred  in  London.  He  died  Nov. 
3,  1877,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

STOCKTON,  JOHN  N.  C.,  legislator, 
banker,  was  born  in  1860  in  Gadsden  coun 
ty,  Fla.  For  many  years  he  has  been 
the  president  of  the  National  bank  of 
Tampa,  and  the  National  bank  of  Florida. 
In  1897  he  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Florida  state  legislature. 

STOCKTON,  JOHN  POTTER,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1826,  in 
Princeton,  N.  J.  During  President  Bu 
chanan's  administration  he  was  United 
States  minister  to  Rome.  He  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  in  1865,  but 
only  served  one  year  of  the  term  on  ac 
count  of  informality  in  the  election.  He 
received  the  re-election  in  1869,  and  serv 
ed  with  distinction  the  full  term  of  six 
years.  In  1877  General  Stockton  was  ap 
pointed  attorney-general  of  the  state  of 
New  Jersey,  and  has  received  the  reap- 
pointment  at  the  expiration  of  every  term. 

STOCKTON,  RICHARD,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born  Oct. 
1,  1730,  near  Princeton,  N.  J.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge,  both  under  the  provincial 
government  and  after  the  adoption  of  the 
constitution.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1776  and  1777;  and 
signed  the  declaration  of  independence. 
He  died  Feb.  28,  1781,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

STOCKTON,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
April  17,  1764,  near  Princeton,  N.  J.  In 
1792  and  1800  he  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor;  was  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  1796  to  1799;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1813  to  1815.  He 
died  March  7,  1828,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 


STOCKTON,  ROBERT  FIELD,  naval 
officer.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Aug.  20,  1795,  in  Princeton,  N.  J.  He  com 
manded  the  Ameri 
can  squadron  on  the 
coast  of  Africa,  and 
was  one  of  the  found 
ers  of  the  colony  of 
Liberia.  He  was  one 
of  the  first  of  our 
commanders  to  in 
troduce  and  apply 
steam  to  naval  pur 
poses  —  the  famous 
sloop-of-war  Prince 
ton  having  been  built 
under  his  supervis 
ion;  when  war  was  declared  with  Mexico 
he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  United 
States  fleet  in  the  Pacific,  and  performed 
the  duties  of  commodore,  general,  and 
governor.  He  was  elected  United  States 
senator  for  the  term  from  1851  to  1857. 
He  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  peace 
congress  in  1861;  and  was  president  of 
the  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal  company 
from  the  time  he  left  the  senate  until  his 
death.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1866,  in  Princeton. 
STOCKTON.  THOMAS,  soldier,  govern 
or.  He  was  a  captain  in  the  third  artil 
lery  in  1812;  was  major  of  the  forty- 
second  infantry  in  1814;  and  was  govern 
or  of  Delaware  from  1844  to  1846.  He  died 
March  2,  1846,  in  New  Castle,  Del. 

STOCKTON,      THOMAS      HEWLINGS, 

clergyman,  author,  was  born  June  4,  1808, 

in  Mt.  Holly,  N.  J.     He  was  a  methodist 

preacher     of     Balti- 

inurr     iiiid     1'hihnlcl- 

*'.  phia,      chaplain      to 

I  both   houses  of   con- 

4>fe  gjgA    w  gress       successively, 

I  and    famous    for    his 

•  eloquence.      He    was 

I  the  author  of  Float- 

^l^J  I  ing   Flowers   from   a 

^gj^k^j  I  Hidden    Brook;     Po- 

•^^^  cms;     Stand    Up    for 

I  JPHUS.  and  Other  Po- 

^HHV^^HB  ems;    and  The  Book 

Above  All.     He  also 

contributed   to  current  publications.     He 
died  Oct.  9,  1868,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

STOCKTON,  THOMAS  TELFAIR, 
journalist,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1853,  in  Quin- 
cy,  Fla.  He  is  general  manager  of  the 
Times  Union,  one  of  the  leading  journals 
of  Florida  at  Jacksonville. 

STOCKWELL,  WILLIAM  WATSON, 
farmer,  lecturer,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  7, 
1829,  in  Northampton,  Mass.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  farmer  of 
Mead,  Ind.,  where  he 
has  been  township 
librarian  and  trus 
tee,  and  filled  various 
other  public  posi 
tions  of  trust.  He  is 
the  author  of  Inci 
dents  in  the  Life  of 
George  W.  Murray, 
treating  of  events  of 
the  civil  war  and 
Libby  prison.  He  has 
attained  success  as  a 
lecturer;  has  contributed  extensively  to 
the  periodical  press:  and  is  the  author  of 
a  volume  of  Songs  and  Poems. 

STODDARD,  A.  H.,  farmer,  poet.  He  is 
a  successful  farmer  of  Kalamazoo,  Mich.; 
and  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  Mis 
cellaneous  Poems. 

STODDARD,  AMOS,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  26,  1762,  In  Woodbury,  Conn. 
He  was  a  soldier  of  note  in  the  early  days 
of  the  republic;  and  the  author  of 
Sketches  of  Louisiana;  and  The  Political 
Crisis.  He  died  May  11,  1813,  in  Fort 
Meigs,  Ohio. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


895 


STODDARD,  ANTHONY,  clergyman, 
:author,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1678,  in  North 
ampton,  Mass.  He  was  minister  at  Wood- 
bury,  Conn.,  from  1702  till  his  death.  He 
was  clerk  of  probate  forty  years;  was  the 
lawyer  and  physician  of  his  people,  and 
one  of  the  most  extensne  farmers  in  the 
town.  He  published  an  Election  Sermon. 
He  died  Sept.  6,  1760,  in  Woodbury,  Conn. 

STODDARD,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS, 
clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
in  1833  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman  of  New  York  city,  edi 
tor  of  The  Observer  from  1885;  and  the 
author  of  Across  Russia;  Spanish  Cities; 
Beyond  the  Rockies;  and  Cruising  Among 
the  Caribbees. 

STODDARD,  CHARLES  WARREN, 
lecturer,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  7, 
1843,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  In  1864  he  made 
a  voyage  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  where 
he  passed  much  time;  and  was  correspond 
ent  for  the  San  Francisco  Chronicle.  He 
is  now  lecturer  upon  English  literature  in 
the  Catholic  university  of  Washington, 
D  C.  He  is  the  author  of  South  Sea  Idyls; 
Mashallah.  a  Flight  into  Egypt;  The  Lep 
ers  of  Molokai;  and  other  works. 

STODDARD,  EBENEZER,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May  6, 
1786,  in  West  Woodstock,  Conn.  He  was 
for  several  years  a  member  of  the  Connec 
ticut  state  legislature;  was  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  state  for  one  year;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  1821 
to  1825.  He  died  in  August,  1848,  in 
Woodstock,  Conn. 

STODDARD,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  DREW 
[BARSTOW],  author,  poet,  was  born  May 
•6,  1823,  in  Mattapoisett,  Mass.  She  is  a 
novelist  and  poet  whose  work  in  verse 
;and  fiction  shows  much  individuality.  She 
is  the  author  of  The  Morgesons;  Temple 
House;  Two  Men;  Lolly  Dinks's  Doings, 
:a  juvenile  tale;  and  Poems. 

STODDARD,  JOHN,  jurist,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  11,  1681.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  council  of  Massa 
chusetts;  chief  justice  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas,  and  colonel  of  militia.  • 
~His  Journal  of  an  Expedition  to  Canada, 
1713-14  was  printed  in  the  Genealogical 
Register  in  1851.  He  died  June  19,  1748, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

STODDARD,  JOHN  F".,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  20,  1825,  in  Green 
field,  N.  Y.  He  was  eminently  successful 
as  an  instructor  of  mathematics  and  in 
his  efforts  to  promote  normal  schools,  and 
left  a  fund  to  Rochester  university  for  a 
gold  medal  to  be  awarded  to  the  best  stu 
dent  in  mathematics.  His  principal  pub 
lished  works  are  Practical  Arithmetic; 
Philosophical  Arithmetic;  University  Al 
gebra  (1857);  and  School  Arithmetic.  He 
died  Aug.  6,  1873,  in  Kearney,  N.  J. 

STODDARD,  JOHN  LAWSON,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  in  1850  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  a  popular  stereopticon  lectur 
er;  and  the  author  of  Red  Letter  Days 
Abroad;  and  Napoleon  from  Corsica  to 
St.  Helena. 

STODDARD,  JOHN  POTTER,  lawyer, 
diplomat,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Aug.  2,  1826,  in  Princeton,  N.  J.  In  1857- 
'61  he  was  United  States  minister  to  Rome, 
Italy.  In  1865  he  was  chosen  United 
States  senator  from  New  Jersey;  was  sub 
sequently  unseated;  and  in  1869  was  elect 
ed  for  term  ending  in  1875.  In  1877  he 
was  appointed  attorney-general  of  New 
Jersey,  and  was  chosen  again  in  1882  and 
in  1887. 

STODDARD,  JOSHUA  C.,  inventor,  was 
born  Aug.  26,  1814,  in  Pawlet,  Vt.  He 
turned  his  attention  to  inventing,  and  in 
1856  devised  the  steam-calliope,  which  is 


used  on  Mississippi  steamers.  He  also 
invented  the  Stoddard  horse-rake  and 
hay-tedder. 

STODDARD,  RICHARD  HENRY,  jour 
nalist,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  2,  1825, 
in  Hingham,  Mass.  He  is  a  critic  of 
New  York  city,  and 
literary  editor  of  The 
Mail  and  Express 
from  1880.  He  has 
edited  the  Bric-a- 
Brac  Series  and  oth 
er  volumes,  while  his 
own  writings  include 
Poems;  Adventures 
in  Fairy  Land;  Foot- 
pjints;  Life  of  Hum- 
boldt;  Songs  of  Sum 
mer;  The  King's 
Bell;  The  Book  of 
the  East;  Abraham  Lincoln:  a  Horatian 
Ode;  Putnam  the  Brave;  A  Century  Af 
ter;  Life  of  Washington  Irving;  The  Li 
on's  Cub,  with  Other  Verse;  and  Under 
the  Evening  Lamp,  a  collection  of  essays 
on  literary  topics. 

STODDARD,  SOLOMON,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1643  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman,  and 
pastor  at  Northampton,  Mass.,  from  1669 
until  his  death.  He  was  the  author  of  Ap 
peal  to  the  Learned;  Guide  to  Christ; 
Safety  in  the  Righteousness  of  Christ; 
and  Doctrine  of  Instituted  Churches  Ex 
plained,  a  reply  to  Increase  Mather's  Or 
der  of  the  Gospel,  and  one  which  occa 
sioned  much  exciting  controversy.  He 
died  Feb.  11,  1729,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 

STODDARD,  SOLOMON,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1800  in  Northampton. 
He  became  professor  of  languages  at  Mid- 
dlebury  college,  Vermont.  He  was  co 
author  with  Ethan  Allen  Andrews  of  a 
Grammar  of  the  Latin  Language,  which 
was  at  one  time  almost  universally  used 
in  this  country,  and  had  passed  through 
sixty-five  editions.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1847, 
in  Northampton. 

STODDARD,  WALTER  P.,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  July  4,  1852,  in  New  York 
city.  He  received  a  thorough  education 
in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  city, 
!  and  attended  the 
Wesleyan  university 
of  Middletown,  Conn. 
He  has  attained  suc- 
|  cess  as  a  clergyman 
'  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church.  He 
preached  in  New 
England  until  1891, 
when  he  served  three 
years  in  Oskaloosa, 
Iowa;  and  now  fills 
a  pastorate  in  Mt.  Peasant,  Iowa.  He  has 
traveled  extensively  in  Europe;  has  lec 
tured  in  many  places  in  his  adopted  state; 
and  is  the  author  of  various  papers  con 
tributed  to  current  literature;  and  his 
poems  have  appeared  in  several  standard 
works. 

STODDARD,  WILLIAM  OSBORN,  jour 
nalist,  inventor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  24, 
1835,  in  Homer  N.  Y.  He  is  a  journalist 
and  imentor  whose  writings  have  been 
largely  though  not  entirely  for  juvenile 
readers,  and  have  been  very  popular.  He 
is  the  author  of  Little  Smoke;  The  Wind 
fall;  Esau  Hardery;  Dab  Kinzer;  Saltil- 
lo  Boys;  Wrecked;  Verses  of  Many  Days; 
The  Heart  of  It;  The  White  Cave,  an 
Australian  Story;  The  Red  Mustang;  Two 
Arrows;  Among  the  Lakes;  The  Quartet; 
Winter  Fun;  Men  of  Business;  The  Talk 
ing  Leaves;  The  Volcano  Under  the  City, 
a  story  of  the  draft  riots  in  New  York; 


Lives    of    the    Presidents;    Gid    Granger; 
and  Chuck  Purdy. 

STODDART,  JOHN  T.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1833  to  1835. 

STODDERT,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  cabinet  officer,  was  born  in  1751  in 
Charles  county,  Md.  He  served  as  a  ma 
jor  during  the  re\olution;  and  was  for 
many  years  extensively  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.  In 
1798  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
navy,  and  was  the  first  man  who  served 
in  that  capacity.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1813,  in 
Bladensburg,  Md. 

STOECKEL,  GUSTAVE  JACOB,  musi 
cian,  educator,  composer,  was  born  Nov.  9, 
1819,  in  Germany.  Since  1849  he  has  been 
instructor  in  music  at  Yale,  and  organist 
of  the  college  chapel.  He  has  published 
a  collection  of  sacred  music  for  mixed 
voices,  and  College  Hymn-Book  for  male 
voices,  besides  compositions  for  the  piano, 
songs  and  overtures  and  symphonies  for 
orchestra. 

STOEVER,  MARTIN  LUTHER,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1820,  in 
Germantown,  Pa.  He  was  a  Pennsylvania 
educator,  a  professor  in  the  college  at 
Gettysburg  in  1840-70;  and  the  author  of 
Brief  Sketch  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in 
the  United  States;  and  Life  and  Times  of 
Henry  Muhlenberg.  He  died  July  22,  1870, 
in  Germantown,  Pa. 

STOKELY,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman.  He  sened  in  the 
Ohio  state  legislature;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1841 
to  1843. 

STOKES,  J.  WILLIAM,  agriculturist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1853  in  Orange- 
burg  county,  S.  C.  He  was  brought  up  to 
farm  life,  attending  the  ordinary  schools 
of  his  county  and  town  until  he  was  nine 
teen  years  of  age;  graduated  from  Wash 
ington  and  Lee  university,  Virginia,  in 
1876,  and  taught  school  for  twelve  years, 
graduating  meantime  in  medicine  from 
Vanderbilt  university,  Tennessee;  in  1889 
he  returned  to  the  farm,  assisted  in  ar- 
ganizing  the  farmers,  and  was  president 
of  the  State  Farmers'  alliance  two  terms; 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1890; 
was  a  delegate  at  large  to  tne  national 
democratic  convention  at  Chicago  in  1892, 
and  was  presidential  elector  on  the  demo 
cratic  ticket  the  same  year;  in  1894  was 
nominated  without  opposition  in  the  dem 
ocratic  primaries  in  the  new  seventh  con 
gressional  district.  He  received  the  certi 
ficate  of  election  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress,  but  the  seat  was  declared  vacant. 
At  th'e  election  on  Nov.  3,  1896,  he  was 
elected  to  the  short  term  of  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat,  receiv 
ing  8,065  votes  against  1,342  votes  for 
T.  B.  Johnson,  regular  republican. 

STOKES,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  a  native  of  North  Carolina.  He  serv 
ed  as  a  colonel  in  the  revolution;  and  in 
1790  was  appointed  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  North  Carolina. 
He  died  in  October,  1790,  in  Lafayette- 
ville,  N.  C. 

STOKES,  MONTFORD,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  1760  in  WiiKes 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate,  which  honor  he  de 
clined;  and  in  1816  was  again  elected 
United  States  senator,  and  served  until 
1823.  In  1826  he  went  into  the  general 
assembly  of  North  Carolina  as  senator; 
and  in  1829  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
commons.  In  1830  he  was  again  elected  to 
the  commons,  and  in  the  same  year  was 
elected  governor  of  the  state. 


896 


HEKRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


STOKES,  WILLIAM  B.,  soldier,  agri 
culturist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  9,  1814,  in  Chatham  county,  N. 
C.  He  served  three  sessions  in  the  legis 
lature  of  Tennessee — twice  as  a  represen 
tative  and  once  as  a  senator.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Tennessee 
to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  During  the 
rebellion  of  1861  he  served  as  a  colonel  in 
the  union  army.  In  1865  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Tennessee  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses 
as  a  union  republican. 

STOLBERG,  PETER  H.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Dec.  7,  1848,  in  Sweden.  In  1868  he 
emigrated  to  America,  and  has  since  at 
tained  success  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Har 
ris,  Minn.  He  has  served  as  receiver  in 
the  United  States  land  office  of  Taylor's 
Kails,  Minn.;  and  has  been  county  attor 
ney  for  eight  years. 

STOLBRAND,  CARLOS  JOHN  MEUL- 
LER,  soldier,  imentor,  was  born  May  11. 
1821,  in  Sweden.  He  participated  in  the 
campaign  of  Atlanta  and  the  march  to  the 
sea,  and  in  1865  was  promoted  to  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers.  He  has  made 
various  improvements  in  steam  engines 
and  steam  boilers,  and  now  resides  at 
Fort  Collins,  Colo. 

STOLL,  FREDERICK  F.,  organizer, 
was  born  in  1865  in  Chicago,  111.  He  first 
entered  the  employ  of  the  American  Ex 
press  company;  and 
in  1890  entered  the 
real  estate  and  fire 
insurance  business 
on  his  own  account. 
In  1894  he  became 
superintendent  of 
"•M  carriers  of  the  Chi- 
I  cago  postoflice,  and 
^H  was  promoted  to  gen- 
"""w  ^  ^flj  I  eral  superintendent 
^•>~  .^H  I  of  city  delivery.  He 
introduced  the  use 
of  bicycles  by  the 
cairiers;  and  tin1  postal  cars  on  the  street 
railway  lines  were  also  one  of  the  in 
structions.  He  received  an  offer  from  the 
Chinese  government  to  go  there  and  or 
ganize  the  free  delivery  system,  which 
he  declined.  He  is  a  prominent  memb<  r 
of  various  fraternal  orders;  was  the  or 
ganizer  of  the  Chicago  Postofflce  Em 
ployes  Mutual  Aid  association,  and  was 
twice  elected  its  president. 

STONE,  ALFRED,  architect,  was  born 
July  29,  1834,  in  East  Machias,  Maine. 
He  has  designed  many  of  the  most  im 
portant  public  buildings,  business  blocks 
and  prhate  residences  of  Providence, 
R  I. 

STONE,  ALFRED  P.,  merchant,  con 
gressman.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  state 
of  Ohio;  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Ohio  from  1844  to  1845;  and  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Lincoln  a  collector 
of  internal  revenue.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1865, 
in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

STONE,  AMASA,  philanthropist,  was 
born  April  27,  1818,  in  Charlton,  Mass. 
He  gave  large  sums  in  charity  to  the  city 
of  Cleveland.  He  built  and  endowed  the 
Home  for  Aged  Wcmen  and  the  Indus 
trial  School  for  Children,  and  gave  $600,- 
000  to  Adelbert  college  of  Western  Re 
serve  university.  He  died  May  11,  1883, 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

STONE,  ANDREW  LEETE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1815,  in  Ox 
ford,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational 
elergyman  in  San  Francisco  from  1866; 
and  the  author  of  Service  the  End  of  Liv 
ing;  Ashton's  Mothers;  Memorial  Dis 
courses;  and  Leaves  from  a  Finished  Pas 
torate.  He  died  in  1892. 


STONE,  ASAHEL,  •state  senator,  was 
born  June  29,  1817,  in  Washington  county, 
Ohio.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  quarter 
master-general  of  the  state,  and  was  sta 
tioned  at  Indianapolis.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Indiana  legisla 
ture  on  the  whig  ticket,  defeating  the 
democratic  and  anti-slavery  candidate. 
In  1860  he  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate  by  a  large  majority,  and  also  served 
as  senator  during  the  extra  sessions 
called  by  Governor  Morton  in  1861.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  house  in  1873. 

STONE,  CHARLES  W.,  agriculturist, 
merchant,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  June  29,  1843.  in  Groton.  Mass. 
He  was  appointed  county  superintendent 
of  schools  of  Warren  county,  Pa.,  in  1865; 
was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  house 
of  representatives  in  1870-71;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Pennsyhania  senate  in 
1877-78.  He  was  lieutenant-governor  of 
that  state  from  1879  to  1883;  and  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  the  commonwealth 
in  1887.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-second  congress.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

STONE,  COLLINS,  clergyman  and  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1812,  in  Guil- 
ford,  Conn.  In  1852  he  was  called  as 
principal  to  the  Ohio  state  asylum  for 
the  deaf  and  dumb  at  Columbus,  but  he 
returned  in  1863  to  take  charge  of  the 
asylum  at  Hartford,  where  he  remained 
until  his  death.  He  died  Dec.  23,  1870, 
in  Hartford,  Conn. 

STONE,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  governor,  was  born  Feb. 
17,  1770,  in  Hope,  N.  C.  He  was  for  four 
years  in  the  state  legislature;  and  was  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  North  Caro 
lina  from  1795  to  1798.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1799  to  1801; 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  1801  to 
1807;  and  was  governor  of  North  Caro 
lina  in  1808.  He  served  a  second  time  as 
United  States  senator  from  1813  to  1814. 
He  died  Oct.  7,  1818,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

STONE.  DAVID  MARVIN,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1817,  in  Oxford, 
Conn.  He  was  a  noted  journalist  of  New 
York  city,  and  editor  of  The  Journal  of 
Commerce  in  1849-93.  He  published  Frank 
Forrest  (1850),  a  work  that  passed  into 
twenty  editions.  He  died  in  1895. 

STONE,  EBEN  F.,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1822 
in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  served  terms 
in  each  branch  of  the  state  legislature; 
and  served  in  the  union  army  during  the 
war  of  the  rebellion,  in  command  of  a 
regiment.  He  was  elected  a  representa- 
ti\e  from  Massachusetts  to  the  forty- 
seventh,  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

STONE,  EBENEZER  WHITTEN,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  June  10,  1801,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  an  adjutant-gen 
eral  of  the  Massachusetts  militia  from 
1851 ;  and  the  author  of  Digest  of  Massa 
chusetts  Militia  Laws;  Compend  of  In 
structions  in  Military  Tactics;  and  Man 
ual  of  Percussion  Aim.  He  died  April  18, 
1880,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 

STONE,  EDWIN  MARTIN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  29,  1805,  in  Fram- 
ingham,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Providence;  and  the  author 
of  Life  of  Elhanan  Winchester;  History 
of  Barre,  Massachusetts,  1630-1842;  The 
Invasion  of  Canada  in  1775;  and  Our 
French  Allies  in  the  Revolution.  He 
died  Dec.  15,  1883,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 


STONE,  EDWIN  WINCHESTER,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  in  1835  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  fed 
eral  army  during  the  civil  war.  He  was 
the  war  correspondent  of  The  Providence 
Journal  and  author  of  Rhode  Island  in 
the  Rebellion.  He  died  in  1878. 

STONE,  FREDERICK,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
7,  1820,  in  Virginia.  In  1855  and  1856  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  state  leg 
islature.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Maryland  to  the  fortieth  and  forty- 
first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

STONE,  GEORGE  ROYAL,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  was  born  May  16,  1843,  in  Ando- 
ver,  N.  H.  He  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of  Franklin  Falls,  N.  H., 
where  he  was  twice,  nominated  by  the 
democrats  a  representative  to  the  state 
legislature. 

STONE,  HERBERT  STUART,  journal 
ist,  was  born  May  29,  1870,  in  Chicago,  111. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Chap 
Book;  and  was  the  founder  of  the  pub 
lishing  house  of  Herbert  S.  Stone  and 
Company  of  Chicago. 

STONE,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1843  to  1845. 

STONE,  JAMES  KENT,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1840  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  a  Roman  catholic  clergyman  of  the 
order  of  Passionists,  and  known  as  Father 
Fidelis.  He  was  formerly  an  episcopal 
clergyman  and  president  of  Hobart  col 
lege. 

STONE,  JAMES  SAMUEL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  27.  1852,  in  Eng 
land.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
Chicago;  and  the  author  of  Simple  Ser 
mons  on  Simple  Subjects;  The  Heart  of 
Merrie  England;  Readings  in  Church  His 
tory;  and  Woods  and  Dales  of  Derbyshire. 

STONE,  JAMES  W.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1813  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1843  to  1845.  and  again  from  1851  to 
1852.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1854. 

STONE,  JOHN  AUGUSTUS,  dramatist, 
actor,  author,  was  born  in  1801  in  Con 
cord,  Mass.  He  is  a  dramatist  and  actor. 
He  is  best  remembered  by  Metamora,  a 
play  written  for  Edwin  Forrest,  for 
whom  he  also  wrote  The  Ancient  Briton; 
and  Fauntleroy.  Other  dramas  by  him 
are,  Tancred;  The  Demoniac;  and  La 
Roque.  He  died  June  1,  1834,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

STONE,  JOHN  HOSKINS,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1745  in  Charles  coun 
ty,  Md.  He  was  governor  of  Maryland 
from  1794  to  1797.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1804,  in 
Annapolis,  Md. 

STONE,  JOHN  MARSHALL,  farmer, 
soldier,  legislator,  go\ernor,  was  born 
April  30,  1830,  in  Gibson  county,  Tenn. 
He  received  a 
thorough  education 
in  the  country 
schools;  and  during 
the  civil  war  com 
manded  a  regiment 
of  infantry  in  the 
confederate  army, 
and  served  four 
years  in  the  army  of 
Northern  Virginia. 
During  1870-1876  he 
served  as  a  state  sen 
ator  in  the  Missis 
sippi  legislature.  During  1876-1881  he 
served  with  distinction  as  governor  of  the 
state  of  Mississippi;  and  during  1890-96 
again  filled  the  high  office  of  governor  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  people  of  that  state. 
In  1884-85  he  was  railroad  commissioner. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


897 


STONE,  JOHN  SEELY,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1795,  in  Great  Har 
rington,  Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Cambridge,  dean  of  the  Epis 
copal  Theological  school  there  in  1867-72, 
and  prominent  among  the  low  churchmen 
of  his  day.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Living  Temple;  The  Christian  Sacra 
ments;  Sermons;  Memoir  of  Bishop  Gris- 
wold;  The  Christian  Sabbath;  and  The 
Contrast,  or  the  E\  angelical  and  Trac- 
tarian  Systems  Compared.  He  died  Jan. 
13,  1882,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

STONE,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  18,  1838,  in 
Wadsworth,  Ohio.  He  moved  to  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.,  where  he  practiced  law.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Michi 
gan  to  the  forty-fifth  congress;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

STONE,  JOSEPH  C.,  soldier,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  July  30,  1829,  in 
Westport,  N.  Y.  He  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  the  first  Iowa  cavalry  in  1861,  and  be 
came  an  assistant  adjutant-general,  serv 
ing  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  medicine  after  the 
war  in  Burlington,  Iowa;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress. 

STONE,  LUCY,  reformer,  was  born  in 
1818.  In  1847  she  graduated  from  Ober- 
lin  college,  and  the  same  year  began  the 
modern  woman's  rights  movement  by  a 
series  of  lectures,  beginning  with  one  giv 
en  in  'her  brother's  church  in  Gardner, 
Mass.  In  1858  she  married  for  her  sec 
ond  husband  Mr.  Henry  B.  Blackwell  of 
Boston,  Mass.  She  died  Oct.  18,  1893. 

STONE,  MELVILLE  ELIJAH,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1848,  in  Hudson, 
111.  He  published  the  first  number  of 
The  Daily  News  on  Christmas  day  of  1875, 
in  Chicago,  111.  This  publication,  under 
his  able  management,  has  become  one  of 
the  foremost  newspapers  in  America.  He 
is  also  connected  with  a  banking  institu 
tion  and  other  corporations  of  Chicago. 

STONE,  MICHAEL  JENIFER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  about  1750 
in  Charles  county,  Md.  He  was  a  repre- 
sentath  e  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  from  1789  to  1791.  He  was  subse 
quently  for  many  years  judge  of  the 
Charles  county  court.  He  died  in  1812  in 
Charles  county,  Md. 

STONE,  ORMOND,  astronomer,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1847,  in 
Pekin,  111.  In  1882  he  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  practical  astronomy  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  with  care  of  the  Le- 
ander  McCormick  observatory.  Since  1883 
he  has  edited  The  Annals  of  Mathematics 
at  the  university  of  Virginia. 

STONE,  R.  FOSTER,  clergyman,  lec 
turer,  was  born  in  Bedford.  He  has  lec 
tured  extensively  in  the  principal  states 
of  the  union,  under  the  auspices  of  the  I. 
O.  G.  T.,  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  ministerial 
associations.  He  is  a  prominent  clergy 
man  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church, 
.and  fills  a  pastorate  in  Mendota,  Mo. 

STONE,  THOMAS,  signer  of  the  decla 
ration  of  independence,  was  born  in  1743 
in  Charles  county,  Md.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1775  to 
1779,  and  in  1784  and  1785.  He  was  a  sign 
er  of  the  declaration  of  independence;  and 
in  1778  was  chosen  to  the  Maryland  leg 
islature.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1787,  in  Alex 
andria.  Va. 

STONE,  THOMAS  TREADWELL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1801,  in 
Waterford,  Maine.  He  was  a  Unitarian 


clergyman  of  Bolton,  Mass.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Sermons  on  War;  Sermons;  The 
Rod  and  Staff;  and  Sketches  of  Oxford 
County,  Maine.  He  died  in  1895. 

STONE,  WARREN,  physician,  was  born 
in  February,  1808,  in  St.  Albans,  Vt.  He 
began  teaching  anatomy  in  1836,  in  1837 
was  appointed  professor  of  that  branch 
in  the  university  of  Louisiana,  and  aft 
erward  accepted  the  chair  of  surgery, 
which  he  held  till  his  death.  He  died  Dec. 
6,  1872,  in  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

STONE.  WARREN,  soldier,  physician, 
was  born  in  1843  in  New  Orleans,  La.  In 
1873  he  made  what  is  thought  to  be  the 
first  recorded  cure  of  traumatic  aneurism 
of  the  subclavian  artery  by  digital  pres 
sure.  He  gave  his  services  to  the  people 
of  Brunswick,  Ga.,  during  the  prevalence 
of  yellow  fever  in  1874  and  in  1878.  He 
died  Jan.  3,  1883,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

STONE.  WILBUR  FISK,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  December,  1833,  in  Litchfield, 
Conn.  For  many  years  he  taught  school 
in  Indiana;  studied 
law;  and  for  a  year 
was  the  editor-in- 
chief  of  the  Daily 
Enquirer  of  Evans- 
ville,  Ind.  In  1859 
he  moved  to  Omaha; 
in  1860  to  Denver; 
and  in  1861  was  chos 
en  a  representative 
from  Park  county  to 
the  legislature.  Dur 
ing  1862-66  he  was 
assistant  United 
States  district  attorney;  and  in  1877  was 
elected  to  the  supreme  bench  of  Colorado. 
He  has  contributed  valuable  articles  to 
current  literature. 

STONE,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was  born 
in  1603  in  England.  In  1648  he  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  Maryland,  and  served 
until  1653.  He  died  about  1695  in  Charles 
county,  Md. 

STONE,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1838  to  1839. 

STONE,  WILLIAM  ALEXIS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April  18, 
1846,  in  Delmar  township,  Pa.  He  has 
practiced  law  at  Wellsboro  and  Pittsburg 
since  his  admission  to  the  bar;  and  has 
been  district  attorney  of  Tioga  county 
and  United  States  attorney  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third  and 
fifty-fourth  congresses;  and  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

STONE,  WILLIAM  DESSAN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1843,  in  Dade- 
ville,  Fla.  He  has  been  judge  of  theForsyth 
city  court,  Ga.;  and  takes  an  active  part  in 
political  affairs.  He  has  served  as  excel 
lent  warden  of  the  grand  commandery  of 
the  Knight  Templars  in  Georgia;  and 
stands  high  in  several  fraternal  orders. 

STONE,  WILLIAM  H.,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1828,  in 
Shawangunk,  N.  Y.  He  was  president  of 
the  St.  Louis  Hot-pressed  Nut  and  Bolt 
company.  He  was  a  member  of  the  as 
sembly,  and  of  the  St.  Louis  board  of 
water  commissioners.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Missouri  to  the  foity- 
third  and  forty-fourth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

STONE.  WILLIAM  J.,  farmer,  lawyer, 
legislator,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  May  7,  1848,  in  Madison  county,  Ky. 
He  was  educated  at  the  university  of  Mis 
souri;  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Ver- 
non  county  from  1873  to  1874;  and  was 
elector  on  the  Tilden  and  Hendricks  tick 


et  in  1876.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses,  and  was  ri-.- 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
democrat.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  the  west,  at  Jefferson  City, 
Mo.,  and  has  practiced  his  profession  for 
over  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He  served 
with  distinction  as  governor  of  the  state 
of  Missouri  during  1892-1896. 

STONE,  WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  26,  1841,  in  Caldwell  (now  Lyon) 
county,  Ky.  In  1867  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Kentucky  state  legis 
lature;  was  again  elected  to  the  assembly 
in  1875,  and  was  chosen  speaker  of  tne 
house.  In  1883  he  was  for  the  third  time 
elected  a  member  of  the  legislature.  In 
1884  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  forty-ninth  congress. 

STONE,  WILLIAM  LEETE,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  April  20,  1792,  in  New 
Paltz,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
prominence  in  New  York  city,  and  the 
first  superintendent  of  public  schools 
there.  He  was  the  author  of  History  of 
the  Albany  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1821;  Tales  and  Sketches;  Matthias  and  his 
Impostures;  Maria  Monk  and  the  Nun 
nery  of  the  Hotel  Dieu;  Ups  and  Downs 
of  a  Distressed  Gentleman,  a  social  satire; 
Letters  on  Animal  Magnetism;  Poetry 
and  History  of  Wyoming;  Lives  of  Brant, 
Red  Jacket;  and  Letters  on  Masonry.  He 
died  Aug.  15,  1844,  in  Saratoga  Springs, 
N.  Y. 

STONE,  WILLIAM  LEETE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  April  4,  1835,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  historical 
writer  of  Jersey  City;  and  the  author  of 
History  of  New  York  City;  Life  of  Sir 
William  Johnson;  Burgoyne's  Campaigns; 
Life  and  Military  Journals  of  General  Rie- 
desel;  Reminiscences  of  Saratoga  and 
Ballston;  Life  of  William  Leete  Stone; 
and  Visits  to  Saratoga  Battle  Grounds. 

STONE,  WILLIAM  M.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Iowa  from  1864  to  1868. 

STONE,  WILLIAM  MURRAY,  bishop, 
was  born  June  1,  1779,  in  Somerset  coun 
ty,  Md.  In  1830  he  was  elected  the  third 
protestant  episcopal  bishop  of  Maryland. 
He  died  Feb.  26,  1838. 

STONE,  WILLIAM  OLIVER,  artist,  was 
born  Sept.  26,  1830,  in  Derby,  Conn.  He 
gained  distinction  in  portraiture,  and  de 
voted  himself  entirely  to  that  branch  of 
art.  Among  his  numerous  portraits  are 
those  of  Bishops  Williams  of  Connecticut; 
Littlejohn  of  Rhode  Island;  and  Kip  of 
California;  John  W.  Ehninger  (1859), 
owned  by  the  National  academy;  Rev. 
Henry  Anthon;  Cyrus  W.  Field;  and 
James  Gordon  Bennett.  He  died  Sept.  15, 
1875,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

STONEMAN,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was 
born  Aug.  8,  1822,  in  Busti,  N.  Y.  In  1846 
he  graduated  from  the  United  States  Mil 
itary  academy,  and 
was  brevetted  ma 
jor-general,  and  re 
tired  from  the  army 
in  1871.  He  has  since 
lived  in  California, 
of  which  state  he 
was  governor  during 
1883-87.  During  his 
administration  the 
California  state  tax 
rate  was  lower  than 
it  had  ever  been  in 
the  history  of  that 
state.  He  is  a  brilliant  orator;  and  has 
filled  all  the  local  offices  in  the  gift  of 
his  state. 


898 


HERKINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


STOKER,  BELLAMY,  lawyer,  jurist,  ed 
ucator,  congressman,  was  born  March  9, 
1798,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He  was  a  rep- 
resentatue  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1835  to  1837;  and  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  in  3844.  He  served  three  terms  as  a 
judge  of  the  superior  court  in  the  district 
of  Cincinnati;  and  was  a  professor  in  the 
Cincinnati  Law  school.  He  died  June  1, 
1875,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

STOKER,  BELLAMY,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1847,  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  from  Ohio  to 
the  fifty-second  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  as  a  republican. 

STORER,  CLEMENT,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1760  in  Kennebunk, 
Maine.  He  was  a  United  States  senator 
from  New  Hampshire  from  1817  to  1819. 
He  died  Nov.  22,  1830,  in  Portsmouth, 
N.  H. 

STORER.   DAVID   HUMPHREYS,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  in  1804. 
In  1822  he  graduated  from  Bowdoin  col- 
,__^__  _          lege;     studied  medi 
cine     and   became  a 
,  ^l^'  successful    physician 

and  surgeon  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  In  1837 
he  originated  the 
Tremont  Street  Med 
ical  school,  and  in 
1854  was  called  to 
the  chair  of  obstet 
rics  and  medical  jur 
isprudence  in  the 
medical  department 
of  Harvard  univer 
sity,  of  which  institution  he  was  also 
dean  of  the  faculty.  He  has  contributed 
valuable  papers  to  various  publications  on 
zoology  and  herpetology;  and  was  the 
author  of  Ichthyology  and  Herpetology  of 
Massachusetts;  Synopsis  of  North  Ameri 
can  Fishes;  and  History  of  the  Fishes  of 
Massachusetts. 

STORER,  FRANCIS  HUMPHREYS,  ed 
ucator,  chemist,  author,  was  born  March 
27,  1832,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  an  emi 
nent  chemist,  professor  of  agricultural 
chemistry  at  Harvard  university  from 
1870,  dean  of  the  Bussey  institute.  He  is 
the  author  of  Alloys  of  Copper  and  Zinc; 
Manufacture  of  Paraffin  Oils;  First  Out 
lines  of  a  Dictionary  of  the  Solubilities 
of  Chemical  Substances;  Manual  of  Inor 
ganic  Chemistry;  Manual  of  Qualitative 
Chemical  Analysis;  and  Agriculture  in 
Seme  of  its  Relations  with  Chemistry. 

STORER.  HORATIO  ROBINSON,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Feb.  27, 
1830,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  surgeon  of 
note;  and  the  author  of  Why  Not?  a 
Book  for  Every  Woman;  Is  It  I?  a  Book 
for  Every  Man;  Nurses  and  Nursing; 
and  Criminal  Abortion. 

STOREY.  MOORFIELD,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1845,  in  Massachusetts.  He 
is  a  Boston  lawyer  living  in  Brookline. 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Life  of  Charles 
Sumner. 

STORK,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1838, 
near  Frederick  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
lutheran  clergyman,  professor  of  theol 
ogy  at  Gettysburg  in  1881-83;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Light  on  the  Pilgrim's  Way.  He 
died  Dec.  17,  1883,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

STORK,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS  GOTT 
LIEB,  clergyman,  was  born  June  16,  1764, 
in  Germany.  In  1788  he  accepted  a  call 
as  pastor  and  missionary  among  lutherans 
in  North  Carolina.  When  in  1803  the 
synod  of  North  Carolina  was  organized 
he  was  elected  the  first  president,  and  he 
was  annually  re-elected  whenever  he 
cculd  be  present.  He  died  March  27.  1831, 
in  Salisbury,  N.  C. 


STORK,  THEOPHILUS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  August,  1814,  near  Salis 
bury,  N.  C.  He  was  a  lutheran  clergy 
man  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
Life  of  Luther;  Luther's  Christmas  Tree; 
Luther  and  the  Bible;  Afternoon;  Home 
Scenes  in  the  New  Testament;  and  The 
Unseen  World.  He  died  March  28,  1874, 
in  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

STORM.  JOHN  B.,  educator,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1838.  in 
Monroe  county.  Pa.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-second,  forty-third,  forty-eighth  and 
forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

STORM,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  was  born 
March  6,  1866,  in  New  England.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools,  and  grad 
uated  from  the  Mis 
souri  state  univer 
sity.  He  has  gained 
distinction  as  an 
able  lawyer  of  Kirks- 
\ille.Mo.;  has  served 
as  city  attorney;  and 
takes  a  prominent 
part  in  public  affairs. 
He  is  also  a  constant 
contributor  to  many 
of  the  leading  news 
papers  and  maga 
zines  of  the  United  States. 

STORRS,  CHARLES  BACKUS,  clergy 
man,  abolitionist,  college  president,  was 
born  May  15,  1794,  in  Long  Meadow,  Mass. 
In  1831  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
Western  Reserve  college.  He  died  Sept. 
15,  1833,  in  Braintree,  Mass.  His  death 
was  the  subject  of  one  of  Whittier's  most 
stirring  anti-slavery  poems. 

STORRS,  HENRY  RANDOLPH,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1787,  in 
Middletown,  Conn.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from  1819 
to  1821,  and  from  1823  to  1831.  He  died 
July  29,  1837.  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

STORRS.  RICHARD  SALTER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  21.  1821,  in 
Braintree,  Mass.  He  was  a  distinguished 
congregational  cler 
gyman  of  Brooklyn, 
pastor  of  the  Church 
of  the  Pilgrims  from 
1846;  and  the  author 
of  The  Constitution 
of  the  Human  Soul; 
Historical  Address 
es;  Divine  Origin  of 
Christianity;  Condi 
tions  of  Success  in 
Preaching  without 
Notes;  John  Wy- 
cliffe  and  the  First 

English  Bible;  Manliness  in  the  Scholar; 
Love  to  Christ;  Recognition  of  the  Super 
natural;  Bernard  of  Clairvaux;  and  Forty 
Years  of  Pastoral  Life.  He  died  Aug.  11, 
1873,  in  Braintree,  Mass. 

STORRS,  WILLIAM  LUCIUS,  educator, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
March  25,  1795,  in  Middletown,  Conn.  He 
was  a  representathe  in  congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1829  to  1833,  and  again 
from  1839  to  1841.  He  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Connecticut  from  1840 
to  1856;  and  was  chief  justice  of  that 
court  from  1856  until  his  death.  He  was 
also  professor  of  law  in  Yale  college  in 
1846  and  1847.  He  died  June  25,  1861,  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 

STORTS,  JEFFERSON  DAVIS,  journal 
ist,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  March  18, 
1858,  in  Lawrence  county,  Ark.  During 
1S77-84  he  was  engaged  in  journalism;  and 
since  that  time  has  practiced  law,  and  is 
now  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Mis 
souri  at  St.  Louis.  For  two  years  he  was 


prosecuting  attorney  of  Shannon  county; 
and  in  1883-85  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  Missouri  state  legisla 
ture.  He  has  also  been  a  nominee  for 
congressman  on  the  democratic  ticket. 

STORY,  GEORGE  HENRY,  artist,  was 
born  Jan.  22,  1835,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  artist;  and 
is  curator  in  the  department  of  painting 
in  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  New 
York  city.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Artist's  Fund  society;  vice-president  of 
the  Lotos  club;  an  associate  of  the  Na 
tional  Academy  of  Design;  and  is  a  prom 
inent  member  of  various  other  societies. 

STORY,  ISAAC,  lawyer,  poet,  was  born 
Aug.  25,  1774,  in  Marblehead,  Mass.  He 
was  a  lawyer  and  verse  writer  of  Castine, 
Maine;  and  the  author  of  An  Epistle  from 
Tarico  to  Inkle;  Consolatory  Odes;  and  A 
Parnassian  Shop.  He  died  July  19,  1803. 
in  Marblehead,  Mass. 

STORY.  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  18,  1779,  in  Marblehead,  Mass.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state 
legislature  in  1805,  and  was  elected  speak 
er.  During  the  years  1808  and  1809  he 
was  a  representative  in  congress;  and  in 
1811  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States,  which  office  he 
held  until  his  death.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Power  of  Solitude,  with  Fugitive  Po 
ems,  a  somewhat  callow  performance;  and 
his  first  legal  production,  which  appeared 
in  1805,  was  a  Selection  of  Pleadings  in 
Civil  Actions.  His  subsequent  works  in 
clude,  Commentaries  on  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States;  The  Conflict  of 
Laws,  his  most  able  effort;  Equity  Juris 
prudence;  The  Law  of  Agency;  Law  of 
Bailments;  Equity  Pleadings;  Law  of 
Partnership;  Law  of  Promissory  Notes; 
and  Miscellaneous  Writings.  He  died 
Sept.  10,  1845,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

STORY,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  April  4,  1843,  in  Waukesha,  Wis.  He 
attended  the  Salem  Classical  and  High 
schools,  Mass.;  and  graduated  from  the 
law  department  of  the  Michigan  univer 
sity.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  the  West  at  Ouray,  Colo.  In  1867-68  he 
was  judge  of  the  eighth  circuit  of  Arkan 
sas;  during  1868-73  was  judge  of  the  sec 
ond  circuit  of  Arkansas;  and  in  1869  was 
special  chief  justice  of  Arkansas.  During 
1871-74  he  was  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court,  western  district  of  Arkan 
sas;  and  in  1891-92  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  lieutenant-governor  of  Colo 
rado. 

STORY.  WILLIAM  WETMORE,  lawyer, 
sculptor,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  12, 
1819,  in  Salem,  Mass.  His  prose  writings 
include.  The  Law  of  Contracts;  The  Law 
of  Sales;  Life  of  Joseph  Story;  Propor 
tions  of  the  Human  Figure;  Roba  di  Ro 
ma;  The  American  Question;  Fiammetta, 
a  novel;  Conversations  in  a  Studio;  and 
Excursions  in  Art  and  Letters.  The  Cas 
tle  of  St.  Angelo;  A  Roman  Lawyer  in 
Jerusalem;  Nero,  an  Historical  Play;  and 
a  two-volume  edition  of  Poems,  com 
prise  his  verse.  He  and  She:  a  Poet's- 
Portfolio;  and  A  Poet's  Portfolio:  Later 
Readings,  contain  both  poetry  and  prose. 
He  died  in  1895. 

STOTT,  CHARLES  ADAMS,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug. 
18,  1835.  in  Lowell,  Mass.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  as  major  of  the  sixth 
regiment  Massachusetts  \olunteer  infant 
ry.  In  1867  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  state  legislature;  and 
during  1875-76  was  mayor  of  Lowell, 
Mass. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


899 


STOUGHTON,  EDWIN  HENRY,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  June  28,  1838,  in 
Springfield,  Vt.  His  services  in  the  civil 
•war  gained  for'  him  promotion  to  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  1862 
He  died  Dec.  25,  1868,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

STOUGHTON,  WILLIAM, 'governor,  was 
torn  May  30,  1632,  in  England.  He  was 
lieutenant-governor  of  Massachusetts; 
and  in  1699  was  acting  governor.  He  died 
July  7,  1701,  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

STOUGHTON,  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
March  20,  1827,  in  Bangor,  N.  Y.  From 
1856  to  1860  he  was  prosecuting  attorney; 
and  in  1861  was  appointed  United  States 
district  attorney  for  Michigan.  He  en 
tered  the  volunteer  army  as  lieutenant- 
colonel;  and  was  bre\etted  a  brigadier- 
general  for  gallantry  on  the  field,  and 
after  the  war  was  brevetted  a  major-gen 
eral.  In  1866  he  was  elected  attorney-gen 
eral  of  Michigan.  In  1868  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  that  state  to  the 
forty-first  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-second  congress  as  a  repub 
lican.  He  died  June  6,  1888,  in  Sturgis, 
Mich. 

STOUT,  ADELAIDE,  poet.  Her  poems, 
Little  One,  Gathering  Mint,  Sweet  Brier, 
Consider,  Pets,  are  among  her  recent  pro 
ductions  which  have  elicited  much  com 
ment,  ghing  her  the  reputation  of  being 
one  of  the  ablest  writers  in  the  western 
part  of  New  York. 

STOUT,  BRYON  GRAY,  agriculturist, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  in  1829 
near  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  In  1854  he  was 
elected  to  the  Mich 
igan  state  legisla 
ture;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1856,  and 
chosen  speaker  of 
the  house.  He  was 
state  senator  in  1860; 
and  was  president 
pro  tempore  of  the 
senate.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Phil 
adelphia  convention 
of  1866;  and  also  of 
the  national  demo 
cratic  conventions  of  1868,  1880  and  1888. 
He  was  engaged  in  private  banking  prior 
to  1869,  and  from  that  time  in  agricul 
ture.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
congress  as  a  democrat.  He  died  June  19, 
1896,  in  Pontiac,  Mich. 

STOUT,  JACOB,  governor.  While  hold 
ing  the  position  of  lieutenant-governor  of 
Delaware  in  1820  he  was  acting-governor 
of  that  state,  serving  one  year. 

STOUT,  LANSING,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  27,  1828,  in  Pamelia,  N.  Y.  In 
1856  he  was  elected  to  the  California  leg 
islature.  In  1857  he  w«nt  to  Oregon  and 
turned  his  attention  to  the  practice  of 
law;  and  in  1858  was  elected  judge  of 
Multnomah  county.  Before  the  close  of 
that  year  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Oregon  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress;  and  subsequently  served  in  the 
state  legislature.  He  died  in  1870. 

STOVER,  ELIAS  S.,  merchant,  mining 
operator,  state  senator,  was  born  Nov. 
22,  1836,  in  Rockland",  Maine.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  house  and  senate  of 
the  Kansas  legislature,  of  which  state  he 
was  lieutenant-governor.  He  is  a  promi 
nent  merchant  and  mining  operator  of  Al 
buquerque,  N.  M.;  and  is  a  member  of  the 
senate  in  the  legislature  of  that  state.  He 
has  also  contributed  valuable  articles  on 
current  topics  to  the  periodical  press. 


STOVER,  JOHN  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  24.  1833,  in 
Aaronsburg,  Pa.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
volunteer  army  as  a 
private;  was  at  once 
made  a  captain; 
served  as  major  of 
the  one  hundred  and 
sixth  regiment  of 
Pennsylvania  volun 
teers  until  1864;  and 
was  then  colonel  of 
the  one  hundred  and 
eighty-fourth  regi 
ment  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  par 
ticipated  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Yorktown,  the  seven  days'  battles, 
and  those  of  Fredericksburg,  Antietam, 
Chancellorsville,  and  Gettysburg,  and  was 
present  at  the  final  surrender  of  the  con 
federate  forces.  He  moved  to  Missouri; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
that  state  to  the  fortieth  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy., 

STOW,  BARON,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  June  16,  1801,  in  Croydori,  N.  H..  He 
was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Boston,  of 
much  prominence  in  his  day,  among 
whose  writings  are,  Helen's  Pilgrimage; 
History  of  the  English  Baptist  Mission 
to  India;  Christian  Brotherhood;  and 
First  Things.  He  died  Dec.  27,  1869,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

STOW,  SILAS,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1811  to  1813. 

STOWE,     CALVIN     ELLIS,     educator, 
clergyman,   author,    was    born     April      6, 
1802,  in  Natick,  Mass.     In  1824  he  grad 
uated  from  Bowdoin 
.^^  college;      and      then 

entered  educational 
work.  In  1830  he  had 
the  editorial  charge 
of  the  Boston  Re 
corder;  and  during 
'^jjf^'t  1831-33  was  in  the 

chair  of  languages 
at  Hanover.  He  then 
filled  the  chair  of 
biblical  literature  in 
the  Lane  seminary 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
where  he  remained  for  seventeen  years. 
He  was  the  author  of  an  Introduction  to 
the  Study  of  the  Bible;  and  has  also  made 
numerous  and  valuable  contributions  to 
literary  and  religious  periodicals.  His 
other  works  are,  Origin  and  History  of 
the  Books  of  the  Bible;  Elementary  In 
struction  in  Europe;  and  Lectures  on  the 
Sacred  Poetry  of  the  Hebrews.  He  was 
the  husband  of  the  noted  Harriet  Beecher 
Stowe.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1886,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

STOWE,  MRS.  HARRIET  ELIZABETH 
[BEECHER],  author,  poet,  was  born  Jan. 
14,  1812,  in  Litchfield,  Conn.  In  1850  she 
removed  to  Bruns- 
•  wick,  Maine,  and, 
having  by  this  time 
become  deeply  im 
pressed  with  the 
wrong  of  slavery, 
l  she  wrote  Uncle 
Tom's  Cabin  for  The 
j  National  Era  at 
Washington,  in  which 
paper  it  appeared 
serially  from  June, 
1851,  till  April,  1852. 
The  Minister's  Woo 
ing,  a  novel  of  the  early  days  of  the  re 
public,  must  rank  as  her  finest  work.  The 
quality  of  her  other  work  is  uneven,  its 
highest  level  being  represented  by  Old- 
town  Folks;  The  Pearl  of  Orr's  Island; 


Dred;  The  Chimney  Corner;  and  Relig 
ious  Poems,  among  which  is  the  well 
known  hymn,  Still,  Still  with  Thee.  Her 
lesser  works  comprise,  My  Wife  and  I; 
Sam  Lawson's  Fireside  Stories;  We  and 
Our  Neighbors;  Little  Foxes;  The  May 
flower,  and  Other  Sketches;  Sunny  Mem 
ories  of  Foreign  Lands;  Our  Charley;  Ag 
nes  of  Sorrento,  an  Italian  novel;  House 
and  Home  Papers;  Stories  about  Our 
Dogs;  Queer  Little  People;  Daisy's  tirst 
Winter;  Men  of  Our  Times,  biographical 
sketches;  The  American  Woman's  Home 
(with  Catherine  Beecher);  Little  Pussy 
Willow;  Pink  and  White  Tyranny;  Pal 
metto  Leaves;  Betty's  Bright  Idea;  Foot 
steps  of  the  Master;  Bible  Heroines; 
Poganuc  People;  and  A  Dog's  Mission. 
She  died  in  1896. 

STOWELL,  CHARLES  HENRY,  micro- 
scopist,  author,  was  born  in  1850  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  microscopist,  professor  of 
histology  in  the  university  of  Michigan; 
and  the  author  of  Students'  Manual  of 
Microscopy;  Physiology  and  Hygiene; 
The  Microscopical  Structure  of  the  Human 
Tooth;  A  Primer  of  Health;  A  Healthy 
Body;  and  Essentials  of  Health. 

STOWELL,  JOHN  M.,  manufacturer, 
journalist,  was  born  in  1824  in  New  York. 
In  1856  he  moved  to  Milwaukee,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  journalistic  work,  and 
served  that  city  as  mayor. 

STOWELL,  MRS.  LOUISA  MARIA 
[REED],  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
23,  1850,  in  Grand  Blanc,  Mich.  She  is  an 
instructor  in  microscopical  botany  at  the 
university  of  Michigan  for  twelve  years; 
and  the  author  of  Microscopical  Structure 
of  Wheat;  and  Microscopic  Diagnosis. 

STOWELL,  WILLIAM  H.  H.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  July  26,  1840,  in 
Windsor,  Vt.  He  settled  in  Virginia  in 
1865;  and  was  appointed  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue  for  the  fourth  district  in 
1869.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Virginia  to  the  forty-second,  forty- 
third  and  forty-fourth  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

STOWER,  JOHN  G.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1827  to 
1829;  and  was  a  state  senator  from  Madi 
son  county  in  1833  and  1834. 

STRACHEY,  WILLIAM,  colonist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1585  in  England.  He 
was  the  first  secretary  of  the  Virginia 
colony.  He  was  the  author  of  A  True  Re 
pertory  of  the  Wracke  and  Redemption 
of  Sir  Thomas  Gates  upon  and  from  the 
Islands  of  the  Bermudas,  supposed  to 
have  been  the  inspiration  of  Shake 
speare's  Tempest;  Historic  of  Travaile 
into  Virginia  Britannia;  and  For  the  Col 
ony  in  Virginia  Britannia:  Lawes  Divine, 
Morall  and  Martiall.  He  died  about  1640. 

STRADER,  OTTO,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  Louisiana;  and 
in  1806  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  court  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Louisiana. 

STRADER,  P.  W.,  engineer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1818,  in  Warren, 
N.  J.  In  1868  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress. 

STRAIN,  WILLIAM,  agriculturist,  legis 
lator,  was  born  July  10,  1860,  in  Bolinas. 
Cal.  He  is  a  successful  agriculturist  of 
Crescent  City,  Cal.;  and  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  thirty-sec 
ond  session  of  the  California  state  legis 
lature. 


900 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


STRAIT,  HORACE  B.,  soldier,  manu 
facturer,  banker,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  26,  1835,  in  Potter  county,  Pa.  He 
was  elected  mayor  of  Shakopee,  Minn.,  in 
1870,  and  re-elected  in  1871  and  1872.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third,  forty- 
fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses. 

STRAIT,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  sol 
dier,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1846,  in  Chester,  S.  C.  He  was 
elected  state  senator  from  South  Carolina 
in  1890;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses,  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress. 

STRANAHAN,  MRS.  CLARA  HARRI 
SON,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  Westfield. 
Mass.  She  received  her  education  in 
northern  Ohio,  and 
subsequently  attend 
ed  the  Mount  Holy- 
oke  seminary  and 
the  Troy  Female 
seminary.  Her  best 
known  work  is  A 
History  of  French 
Painting  from  Its 
Earliest  to  Its  Lat 
est  Practice.  She  is 
also  the  author  of  a 
large  number  of  fu 
gitive  articles  and 
poems,  which  have  been  a  valuable  acqui 
sition  to  current  literature.  In  1870  she 
became  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  J.  S.  T.  Stran- 
ahan,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  a  member  of  the 
United  States  congress,  who  is  known 
as  the  first  citizen  of  Brooklyn. 

STRANAHAN,  JAMES  SAMUEL 
THOMAS,  capitalist,  congressman,  was 
born  April  25,  1806,  in  Peterboro,  N.  Y. 
He  settled  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.,  in  1844. 
In  1854  he  was  sent 
as  a  whig  to  con 
gress,  and  served 
from  1855  till  1857. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  first  Metropoli 
tan  police  commis 
sion  in  1858,  and 
delegate  to  the  re 
publican  national 
conventions  in  1860 
and  1864.  Brooklyn 
in  indebted  to  him  more  than  any  other 
man  for  Prospect  park,  the  Ocean  park 
way,  Eastern  parkway,  and  the  city's 
beautiful  system  of  boulevards.  He  died 
in  1896. 

STRANGE,  JOHN  TEDRICK,  farmer, 
lawyer,  was  born  April  7,  1850,  in  Arcana, 
Ind.  He  received  a  thorough  education, 
and  after  five  years  at  Wabash  college 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  1877. 
He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Marion,  Ind.; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  convention 
of  1896  held  at  Chicago;  and  takes  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city, 
county  and  state. 

STRANGE.  ROBERT,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator.  United  States  senator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1796,  in  Virginia. 
He  served  a  number 
of  years  in  the  North 
Carolina  state  legis 
lature;  in  1826  was 
elected  a  judge  of 
the  superior  court; 
and  held  the  office 
until  elected  a  sena 
tor  of  the  United 
States  in  1835.  He 
was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  solicitor  for 
the  fifth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  the  state.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  novel  entitled  Eone- 
guski;  or.  the  Cherokee  Chief.  He  died 
Feb.  19,  1854,  in  Fayetteville,  N.  C. 


. 


STRANGE,  WILLOUGHBY  TEMPLE, 
lawyer,  politician,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1860, 
in  Charlottes\  ille,  Va.  He  is  a  son  of  the 
confederate  states 
general,  John  B. 
Strange  of  Virginia, 
who  was  killed  in 
the  battle  of  Sharps- 
burg  in  1862.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
at  the  William  and 
Mary  college  of  Wil- 
liamsburg,  Va.;  at 
the  Richmond  col 
lege;  and  at  the  uni- 

versity    of    Virginia. 

He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  Texas,  and  a  leading 
politician  of  Dallas,  where  he  takes  an 
active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state.  In  1897  he  was 
made  chairman  of  the  congressional  cam 
paign  committee  of  the  sixth  district  of 
Texas. 

STRATTAN,  OLIVER  H.,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  14,  1827,  in  Jen 
nings  county,  Ind.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools,  at  the  Han 
over  college,  and  from  private  tutors  in 
Carrollton,  La  Grange,  and  Versailles,  Ky. 
In  1864  he  was  admitted  to  the  Kentucky 
bar;  and  has  attained  success  in  his  pro 
fession  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  where  he  has 
continuously  lived  since  1849.  During 
1851-58  he  was  clerk  of  the  board  of  al 
dermen;  and  the  four  succeeding  years 
was  a  clerk  in  one  of  the  local  courts  of 
Louisville.  He  has  contributed  extensive 
ly  to  the  periodical  press;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  Industrial  Economy,  and  various 
other  works. 

STRATTON,  CHARLES  C.,  state  legis 
lator,  governor,  was  born  in  1796  in  New 
Jersey.  He  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  state  legislature;  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from 
1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 
He  was  governor  of  New  Jersey  from  1844 
to  1848.  He  died  March  30,  1859,  in  Glou 
cester  county,  N.  J. 

STRATTON,  CHARLES  CARROLL, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Jan.  4,  1833,  in  Mansfield,  Pa.  In  1887  he 
accepted  the  presidency  of  Mills  college, 
Oakland,  Cal.  He  was  a  delegate  to  tne 
general  conference  of  the  methodist 
church  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in  1872,  and 
to  that  in  Cincinnati  in  1880. 

STRATTON,  CHARLES  SHERWOOD, 
dwarf,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1838,  in  Bridge 
port,  Conn.  He  was  known  by  the  name 
of  Gen.  Tom  Thumb.  When  first  exhibited 
by  Barnum  he  was  not  more  than  two 
feet  high,  and  weighed  less  than  sixteen 
pounds;  but  as  he  grew  older  his  height 
increased  to  forty  inches.  In  1863  he  mar 
ried  Lavinia  Warren,  also  a  dwarf  forty 
inches  in  height  and  fifty  pounds  in 
weight.  They  were  the  wonders  of  the 
world.  He  died  July  15,  1883,  in  Middle- 
borough,  Mass.,  and  was  buried  in  Bridge 
port,  where  a  marble  shaft  forty  feet  in 
height  was  raised  to  his  memory. 

STRATTON,  HENRY  DWIGHT,  educa 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1824,  in  Amherst, 
Ohio.  With  Henry  B.  Bryant  he  estab 
lished  the  Bryant  and  Stratton  business 
colleges,  which  at  the  time  of  his  death 
numbered  more  than  fifty,  located  in  the 
principal  cities  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1867,  in  New 
York  city. 

STRATTON.  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1801  to  1803. 


STRATTON,  JOHN  L.  N.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1817  in  Mount  Hol 
ly,  N.  J.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress. 

STRATTON,  NATHAN  T.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a 
representath  e  in  congress  from  tha,.  state 
from  1851  to  1855. 

STRAUB,  CHRISTIAN  M.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1853  to  1855. 

STRAUS,  ISIDOR,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1845,  in  Bavaria. 
In  1865  he  moved  to  New  York  city,  where 
____^___^_  his  father  founded 
the  mercantile  firm 
of  Straus  and  Sons  in 
1866.  He  has  been 
'  ^^t—  -— .  '  -  connected  with  the 
various  tariff  and 
currency  reform 
movements,  and  is 
New  York  city's  rep 
resentative  on  the 
New  York  and  New 
Jersey  bridge  com 
mission.  He  was 
elected  at  a  special 
election  as  a  representative  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

STRAUSS,  OSCAR  SOLOMON,  mer 
chant,  diplomat,  author,  was  born  Dec.  23, 
1S50,  in  Bavaria.  He  is  a  municipal  re 
former  of  New  York  city,  minister  to  Tur 
key  in  1887;  and  the  author  of  The  Orig 
in  of  Republican  Government  in  the 
United  States;  and  Roger  Williams,  the 
Pioneer  of  Religious  Liberty. 

STRAWBRIDGE,  JAMES  D.,  soldier, 
physician,  congressman,  was  born  in  1824 
in  Montour  county,  Pa.  He  entered  the 
army  as  a  brigade-surgeon  of  volunteers, 
and  served  throughout  the  war.  He  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  medicine  after  the 
close  of  the  war,  in  Danville,  Pa.;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a 
republican. 

STRAYHORN,  ROBERT  JASPER,  far 
mer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1835,  in  Hay- 
wood  county,  Tenn.  He  is  a  successful 
farmer  and  ranchman  of  Snyder,  Texas. 
He  has  been  county  commissioner,  county 
judge;  and  filled  various  other  public  po 
sitions  of  trust. 

STREATOR,  WORTHY  STEVENS, 
railroad  president,  state  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  16,  1816,  in  Hamilton,  N.  V.  In  1870 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Cleveland, 
Lorain  and  Wheeling  railroad;  but  in  1878 
he  took  the  vice-presidency,  which  posi 
tion  he  has  since  retained.  He  was  a 
state  senator  in  1868-72,  and,  under  the 
appointment  of  President  Hayes,  internal 
revenue  collector  at  Cleveland  in  1879-85. 

STREET,  ALFRED  BILLINGS,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1811,  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  poet  of  Albany, 
and  state  librarian  of  New  York  from 
1848.  His  writings  include,  Frontenac; 
Woods  and  Waters;  Forest  Pictures;  The 
Burning  of  Schenectady,  and  Other  Po 
ems;  Drawings  and  Tintings;  Fugitive  Po 
ems;  and  Digest  of  Taxation  in  the  United 
States.  He  died  June  2,  1881,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

STREET,  AUGUSTUS  RUSSELL,  don 
or,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1791,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  presented  to  Yale  its  school 
of  the  fine  arts,  one  of  its  finest  buildings, 
Titus  Street  professorship  in  the  theolog 
ical  department.  He  died  June  12,  1866, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


901 


STREET,  RANDALL  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1780  in  Cats- 
kill,  N.  Y.  In  1810  he  was  appointed  dis 
trict  attorney  for  New  York,  and  was  re- 
appointed  in  1813.  Soon  afterwards,  as 
major  and  lieutenant-colonel,  he  served  in 
the  army  during  the  war  with  England. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1819  to  1821.  He  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  general  of  the  mi 
litia.  He  died  in  1841,  in  Monticello,  N.  Y. 

STREET,  THOMAS,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Nov.  29,  1821,  in  Gunthorp,  Ohio.  He 
has  contributed  extensively  to  the  peri 
odical  press;  and  his  poems  have  ap 
peared  in  Poets  of  America  and  other 
standard  works.  He  is  a  prominent  citi 
zen  of  Vineland,  N.  J. 

STREET,  WHITING,  philanthropist, 
was  born  March  25,  1790,  in  Wallingford, 
Conn.  He  accumulated  a  large  fortune, 
and  at  his  death  left  $106,000  to  the  city 
of  Holyoke  and  twenty-one  adjacent 
towns,  to  be  used  for  the  benefit  of  the 
worthy  poor  that  should  not  be  already 
in  charge  of  the  public.  He  died  July  31, 
1878,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 

STRIBLING,  CORNELIUS  KINCHI- 
LOW,  naval  officer,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1796 
in  Pendleton,  S.  C.  He  served  in  the 
United  States  navy  during  the  civil  war; 
and  in  1865  served  as  commander-in-chief 
of  the  east  gulf  squadron,  and  in  1867  was 
created  rear  admiral. 

STRICKLAND,  O.  P.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  Utah;  and  was 
appointed  associate  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  that  territory. 

STRICKLAND,  RANDOLPH,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb 
4,  1823,  in  Danville,  N.  Y.  He  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  Clinton  county,  Mich., 
during  1852-62;  and  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  in  1861  and  1862.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Michigan 
to  the  forty-first  congress. 

STRICKLAND,  THERON  C.,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  24.  1859,  in  New  York  state. 
He  is  prominent  as  a  teacher  in  commer 
cial  schools  and  colleges;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Twentieth  Century  Short 
hand. 

STRICKLAND,  WILLIAM,  architect, 
author,  was  born  in  1787  in  Philadelphia. 
He  was  a  Philadelphia  architect  whose 
chief  professional  work  was  the  capitol 
at  Nashville,  Tenn.;  and  the  author  of 
Triangulation  of  the  Entrance  into  Dela 
ware  Bay;  Report  on  Canals  and  Rail 
ways;  and  Public  Works  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  April  7,  1854,  in  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

STRICKLAND,  WILLIAM  PETER, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1809. 
in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman,  pastor  of  a  presbyterian 
church  at  Bridgehampton,  L:  I.,  in  ISbo- 
77,  whose  principal  writings  comprise 
Pioneers  of  the  West:  History  01  the 
American  Bible  Society;  The  Genius  of 
Methodism;  Light  of  the  Temple;  Old 
Mackinaw,  or  the  Fortress  of  the  Lakes; 
Christianity  Demonstrated  by  Facts;  and 
The  Astrologer  of  Chaldea,  or  the  Life 
of  Faith.  He  died  July  15,  1884,  in  Ocean 
Grove,  N.  J. 

STRICKLER,  MINNIE  MAY,  writer, 
poet,  was  born  July  4,  1869,  in  Neosho 
Rapids,  Kan.  She  has  contributed  both 
stories  and  verse  to  the  periodical  press; 
and  her  poems  have  been  a  valuable  ac 
quisition  to  current  literature. 

STRINGER,  SAMUEL,  physician,  was 
born  in  1734  in  Maryland.  He  settled  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1775  was  appointed 
director  and  physician  of  the  hospitals  of 


the  northern  department,  and  authorized 
to  appoint  a  surgeon  for  the  fleet  that  was 
then  fitting  out  upon  the  lakes.  He  died 
July  11,  1817,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

STRINGHAM,  JAMES  S.,  physician, 
lecturer,  was  born  in  1775  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  professor  of  chemistry  in 
Columbia  in  1802-13,  and  of  medical  juris 
prudence  in  the  college  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  from  1813  till  his  death.  He  was 
the  first  to  lecture  here  on  the  latter  sci 
ence,  and  may  be  regarded  as  its  founder 
in  the  United  States.  He  died  June  28, 
1817,  in  St.  Croix,  W.  I. 

STRINGHAM,  SILAS  HORTON,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1798,  in  Middle- 
town,  N.  Y.  In  1809  he  became  a  midship 
man  in  the  United  States  navy.  He  passed 
through  all  the  grades,  and  was  made  a 
rear-admiral  on  the  retired  list  in  1862. 

STRODE,  JESSE  B.,  soldier,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1845, 
in  Fulton  county,  111.  He  was  made  prin 
cipal  of  the  graded  schools  of  Abingdon, 
111.,  which  position  he  continued  to  occu 
py  for  about  eight  years;  and  was  twice 
elected  mayor  and  six  times  councilman  of 
the  city  of  Abingdon.  He  moved  to  Platts- 
mouth.  Neb.;  was  elected  district  attor 
ney  in  1882,  and  served  two  terms.  He  re 
moved  to  Lincoln  in  1887  and  practiced 
law  there  until  November,  1892,  when  he 
was  elected  judge  of  the  district  court, 
which  position  he  resigned  in  1895,  having 
been  elected  a  representative  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress. 

STRODE,  JOSEPH,  public  official,  was 
born  in  1815.  He  is  the  oldest  postmaster 
in  continual  service  in  the  United  States; 
and  since  1845  has  been  postmaster  of 
Strode's  Mills,  Pa. 

STROHM,  GERTRUDE,  author,  was 
born  in  1843  in  Ohio.  She  is  a  writer  living 
near  Dayton,  Ohio;  and  the  author  of 
Word  Pictures;  Universal  Cookery  Book; 
F'lower  Idyls;  and  The  Young  Scholar's 
Companion. 

STROHM.  JOHN,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1793,  in  Lan 
caster  county,  Pa.  In  1831  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  his  native 
state,  serving  three  sessions  in  the  house 
and  eight  in  the  senate,  during  one  term 
as  speaker.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1845  to  1847,  and  for  a  sec 
ond  term  ending  in  1849. 

STROMQUIST,  CHARLES  J.,  farmer, 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1842,  in  Swe 
den.  He  emigrated  to  the  United  States 
in  1867,  and  is  now  a  successful  farmer 
and  stock  raiser  of  Fremont,  Kan.  He  has 
been  assessor,  justice  of  the  peace,  county 
commissioner,  and  served  with  distinction 
in  the  Kansas  state  legislature  for  two 
terms,  during  1893-95,  declining  to  be  a 
candidate  for  a  third  term.  He  was  the 
originator  of  the  Swedish-American  In 
surance  company  of  Kansas,  and  was  its 
president  for  ten  years.  Since  1880  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors 
of  Bethany  college  of  Lindsborg,  Kan. 

STRONG,  AUGUSTUS  HOPKINS,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  3,  1826,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  is  a 
baptist  clergyman  of  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
president  of  the  Rochester  Theological 
seminary  from  1872;  and  the  author  of 
Systematic  Theology;  and  Philosophy  and 
Religion. 

STRONG,  ABIGAIL  SPURR,  reformer, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1811,  in  Annapolis,  N. 
S.  Her  whole  life  was  spent  in  religious 
and  reformatory  work  in  Brooklyn,  Bos 
ton,  and  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  where  she  now 
resides. 


STRONG,  CALEB,  lawyer,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  9, 
1745,  in  Northampton,  Mass.  In  1780  he 
was  chosen  one  of  the  council  of  Massa 
chusetts.  In  1779  he  assisted  in  framing 
the  constitution  of  that  state;  and  in 
1787  also  assisted  in  framing  the  constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States,  but  did  not  sign 
that  instrument.  From  1789  to  1797  he 
vas  a  senator  in  congress;  and  from  1800 
to  1807  was  governor  of  the  state;  also 
from  1812  to  1816.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1809.  He  died  Nov.  7,  1819,  in 
Northampton,  Mass. 

STRONG,  DANIEL  GATES,  educator, 
college  president,  clergyman,  prohibition 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1838,  in  Kenton, 
Ohio.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  chap 
lain  in  me  fourth  regiment  Ohio  volunteer 
infantry;  has  been  president  of  the  Wil 
bur  Collegiate  college  of  Lewiston,  Idaho; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  general  conference 
of  1880;  and  in  1892  was  a  candidate  on 
the  prohibition  ticket  for  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  the  state  of  Washington. 

STRONG,  GEORGE  CROCKETT,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1832,  in 
Stockbridge,  Vt.  He  was  a  general  in 
the  federal  army  during  the  civil  war  who 
fell  in  the  assault  on  Fort  Wagner;  and 
the  author  of  Cadet  Life  at  West  Point. 
He  died  July  30,  1863,  in  New  York  city. 

STRONG,  GEORGE  TEMPLETON,  law 
yer,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1820,  in  New  York 
city.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  treas 
urer  and  one  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  United  States  sanitary  commission, 
in  which  capacity  he  rendered  valuable 
service.  He  died  July  21,  1875,  in  New 
York  city. 

STRONG.  HENRY,  lawyer,  financier, 
railroad  president,  was  born  in  1829  In 
Scotland.  He  soon  became  widely  known 
as  a  lawyer  and  financier,  through  his 
connection  with  \  arious  railroad  corpora 
tions  as  general  or  consulting  attorney, 
including  the  Chicago,  Burlington  and 
Quincy,  the  Des  Moines  Valley,  the  Union 
Pacific,  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  San 
ta  F6,  of  which  last  named  company  he 
was  president. 

STRONG,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1783  in  Windham,  Conn.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1819  to  1821,  and  again  from 
1823  to  1831.  He  died  Aug.  8,  1847  in 
Chester,  N.  J. 

STRONG,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1822  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
methodist  clergyman  and  educator  of  emi 
nence,  and  professor  in  Drew  seminary  at 
Madison,  N.  J.,  from  1868.  His  writings 
include  English  Harmony  of  the  Gospels; 
Greek  Harmony  of  the  Gospels;  Irenics; 
The  Tabernacle  of  Israel;  Sacred  Idyls; 
Future  Life;  Jewish  Life;  Our  Lord's 
Life;  Commentary  on  Ecclesiastes;  and 
Concordance  of  the  Bible.  He  died  in 
1894. 

STRONG,  JAMES  HOOKER,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  April  26,  1814,  in  Canan- 
daigua,  N.  Y.  He  was  commissioned  com 
modore  in  1870;  and  in  1873  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  rear-admiral,  and  placed  on 
the  retired  list  three  years  later.  He 
died  Nov.  23,  1882,  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

STRONG,  JAMES  WOODWARD,  clergy 
man,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Sept.  29,  1833,  in  Brownington,  Vt.  Since 
1870  he  has  been  president  of  the  Carleton 
college  of  Northfield,  Minn. 

STRONG,  JAMIN,  physician,  lecturer, 
was  born  Nov.  27,  1825.  near  Rochester, 
N.  Y.  For  twenty  years  he  practiced  med 
icine  in  Elyria,  Ohio,  and  in  1869  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature.  In  1891 
he  was  appointed  health  officer  of  Cleve 
land,  where  he  died  Jan.  29,  1895. 


902 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


STRONG,  JEDEDIAH,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1738,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Connecticut  to 
the  continental  congress  from  1782  to 
1784.  He  died  June  21,  1802,  in  Litchfield, 
Conn. 

STRONG,  JOHN,  pioneer,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1738, 
in  Coventry,  Conn.  He  represented  Dor 
set  in  the  Vermont  legislature  in  1779-82, 
and  served  as  assistant  judge  of  Benning- 
ton  county  in  1781-82.  He  returned  to  his 
old  home  in  Addison,  Vt.,  in  1783;  sat 
again  in  the  legislature  in  1784-86;  was 
first  judge  of  the  county  court  in  1785- 
1801,  and  judge  of  probate  in  1786-lsOl. 
He  died  June  16,  1816,  in  Addison,  N.  Y. 

STRONG,  JOSIA'H,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  19,  1847,  in  Naperville,  111. 
Since  1886  he  has  been  general  secretary 
of  the  Evangelical  alliance  for  the  United 
States.  He  is  the  author  of  Our  Country, 
of  which  nearly  two  hundred  thousand 
copies  in  English  have  been  sold.  He  is 
also  author  of  The  New  Era  of  the  Com 
ing  Kingdom;  and  other  works. 

STRONG,  JULIUS  L.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  8, 
1828,  in  Bolton,  Conn.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Connecticut  legislature  for  two 
years.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Connecticut  to  the  forty-first 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
second  congress  as  a  republican.  He  died 
Sept.  7,  1872,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

STRONG,  LATHAM  CORNELL,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  June  12,  1845  in 
Troy,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  journalist  and 
verse-writer  of  Troy,  N.  Y.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Castle  Windows;  Pots  of  Gold; 
Poke  o'  Moon&hine;  and  Midsummer 
Dreams.  He  died  Dec.  17,  1879,  in  Tarry- 
town,  N.  Y. 

STRONG,  LUTHER  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June  23, 
1838,  near  Tiffin,  Ohio.  He  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  forty- 
ninth  Ohio  volunteer 
infantry  early  in 
1861,  and  was  elected 
captain  of  company 
G  and  promoted  to 
OW  major  andllcutenant- 
f  colonel.  He  was  sen 
ior  officer  of  the  reg 
iment  anil  in  com 
mand  thereof  from 
about  the  time  of  the 
fall  of  Atlanta  until 
after  the  battle  of 
Nashville;  and  resigned  March  13,  1865, 
on  account  of  a  wound.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Kenton,  Ohio;  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  education  for  many  years; 
and  was  elected  to  the  senate  of  the  state 
of  Ohio  in  1879  and  re-elected  in  1881.  He 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  court  of  com- 
n.on  pleas  by  Governor  Charles  Foster  to 
fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

STRONG,  NATHAN,  was  born  Oct.  16, 
1745,  in  Coventry,  Conn.  He  was  a  con 
gregational  clergyman  of  Hartford;  and 
the  author  of  Sermons;  The  Doctrine  of 
Eternal  Misery  Consistent  with  the  Infin 
ite  Benevolence  of  God.  He  died  Dec  25 
I  Mi:,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

STRONG,  NEHEMIAH,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1730,  in 
Northampton,  Mass.  In  1770  he  became 
i  he  first  professor  of  mathematics  and 
natural  philosophy  at  Yale,  which  chair 
he  held  till  1781.  He  published  Astronomy 
Improved.  He  died  Aug.  12,  1807,  in 
.Bridgeport,  Conn. 


STRONG.  SELAH  BREWSTER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  May  11,  1792,  in 
Brookhaven,  Mass.  He  sen  ed  in  the  war 
of  1812  and  was  made  captain  of  his  regi 
ment  in  1815.  He  took  his  seat  in  con 
gress  in  1843,  and  in  1846  was  elected 
judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and  served  un 
til  1860.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1872,  in  Setau- 
ket,  N.  Y. 

STRONG,  SIMEON,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  6,  1736,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  general 
court  of  Massachusetts  in  1767-69;  a  state 
senator  in  1793,  and  a  judge  of  the  state 
supreme  court  in  1800-05.  He  died  Dec. 
14,  1805,  in  Amherst,  Mass. 

STRONG,  SOLOMON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1815  to  1819;  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature  in  1812,  1813,  1843, 
and  1844;  and  was  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  from  1818  to  1842.  He  died 
Sept.  6,  1850. 

STRONG,  STEPHEN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1845  to  1847. 

STRONG,  THEODORE,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  26,  1790,  in  South  Had- 
ley,  Mass.  He  was  a  professor  of  mathe 
matics  at  Rutgers  college  in  1827-63;  and 
the  author  of  Treatise  on  Elementary  Al 
gebra;  and  On  Differential  and  Integral 
Calculus.  He  died  Feb.  1,  1869,  in  New 
Brunswick. 

STRONG,  THERON  RUDD,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1802, 
in  Salisbury.  Conn.  He  served  in  the  as 
sembly  of  New  York  from  Wayne  county 
in  1842;  and  was  a  representathe  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1839  to  1841. 
He  died  May  15,  1873,  in  New  York  city. 

STRONG,  THOMAS  MORRIS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  20,  1797,  in 
Cooperstown,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  pastor  of 
the  Dutch  reformed  church  in  Flatbush, 
L.  I.,  from  1822  till  his  death.  He  pub 
lished  a  History  of  the  Town  of  Flatbush. 
He  died  June  14,  1861,  in  Flatbush,  L.  I. 

STRONG,  TITUS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  26,  1787,  in  Brighton,  Mass. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Green 
field,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Tears  of 
Columbia,  a  Political  Poem;  Candid  Ex 
amination  of  the  Episcopal  Church;  The 
Deerfield  Captive;  and  The  Young  Scho 
lar's  Manual.  He  died  in  June,  1855,  in 
Greenfield,  Mass. 

STRONG,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  May  6,  1808,  in 
Somers,  Conn.  He  was  elected  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  thirtieth  and  thirty-first 
congresses.  In  1857  he  was  elected  a  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania  for 
fifteen  years;  and  resigned  that  position 
in  1868  and  returned  to  the  bar.  In  1870 
he  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 

STRONG.  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Vermont.  He  was  an  early  emi 
grant  to  the  territory  of  Washington;  and 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
United  States  for  that  territory. 

STRONG.  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Windham  county,  Conn.  He  was  a  repre- 
sentathe  in  congress  from  Vermont  from 
1811  U»  1815,  and  again  from  1819  to  1821. 
He  WJMS  for  eight  years  sheriff  of  Hart 
ford  county;  and  was  judge  of  the  same 
county.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  for  eight  years. 

STRONG.  WILLIAM  EMERSON,  sol 
dier,  merchant,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1840, 
in  Granville,  N.  Y.  In  1865  he  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He 


was  inspector-general'  of  the  FYeedmen's 
bureau  from  1865  till  1866,  and  from  1867 
till  1873  was  secretary  of  the  Peshtigo 
Lumber  company  in  Chicago,  111.,  of  which, 
he  has  been  president  since  the  latter  year. 

STROTHER,  DAVID  HUNTER— Porte 
Crayon — soldier,  artist,  author,  was  bora 
Sept.  16,  1816.  in  Martinsburg,  Va.  (now 
W.  Va.).  He  was  an  artist  of  Berkeley 
Springs,  W.  Va.,  once  popular  as  a  maga- 
zinist.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  a, 
colonel  in  the  union  army,  and  in  1865  he 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Blackwater  Chronicle; 
and  Virginia  Illustrated.  He  died  March 
8,  1888,  in  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

STROTHER,  GEORGE  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Culpeper  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Virginia  from  1817  to  1820,  when  he- 
was  appointed  receiver  of  public  moneys 
at  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

STROTHER,  JAMES  F.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  4, 
1811,  in  Culpeper  county,  Va.  He  served 
ten  years  in  the  legislature  of  Virginia, 
and  was  speaker  during  the  sessions  of 
1847  and  1848.  In  1850  he  was  a  member 
of  the  convention  which  framed  the  pres 
ent  constitution  of  the  state;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1851  to> 
1853.  He  died  Sept.  20,  1860,  in  Culpeper 
county,  Va. 

STROUD,  GEORGE  McDOWELL,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1795,  in 
Stroudsburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia 
jurist  who  published  Sketch  of  Laws  Re 
lating  to  Slavery  in  the  Several  States. 
He  died  June  29,  1875,  in  Germantown,  Pa, 

STROUP,  CHARLES  ADDISOiN,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  was  born  July  31,  1872,  ii* 
Southington,  Ohio.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  clergyman  and  lecturer,  and  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  the  First  Congregation 
al  church  of  Mesopotamia,  Ohio. 

STROUSE,  MYER,  lawyer,  journalist, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1825,  in 
Germany.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress. 

STROUT.  SEWALL  CUSING,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1827,  in  Wales, 
Maine.  He  is  one  of  Maine's  oldest  and 
successful  lawyers;  and  is  now  associ 
ate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Maine. 

STROWU,  WILLIAM  F.,  farmer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1832,  in  Orange 
county.  N.  C.  He  is  a  farmer  of  Pitts- 
boro,  N.  C.  He  was  nominated  by  the 
populists  for  congress  in  1892  in  the  fourth 
congressional  district;  and  was  again 
nominated  by  the  populists  in  1894,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty- 
fifth  congresses  as  a  populist. 

STRUBLE,  GEORGE  R.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  July  25,  1836,  in 
Sussex  county,  N.  J.  He  has  been  cir- 
^^^_^^^^^^^^^  cult  judge  of  the 
eighth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Iowa;  and  iE 
one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  that  state 
at  Toledo.  He  served 
with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  eigh 
teenth  and  nine 
teenth  general  as 
semblies  of  Iowa; 
and  was  speaker  dur-, 
ing  his  second  term. 
In  1896  he  was  a  del 
egate  to  the  republican  national  conven 
tion,  held  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  and  for  the 
past  quarter  of  a  century  has  been  prom 
inently  identified  with  the  political  af 
fairs  of  Iowa. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


903 


STRUBLE,  ISAAC  H.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1843,  near 
Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  throughout  the  war  of  the 
rebellion.  In  1872  he  moved  to  Le  Mars, 
Iowa,  and  continued  the  practice  of  law. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Iowa 
to  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth, 
and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republican 
STRUDWICK,  WILLIAM  E.,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Maryland  from  1796  to  1797. 

STRYKER,  MELANCHTHON  WOOL- 
SEY.  educator,  college  president,  author 
was  born  in  1851  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  and  educator, 
president  of  Hamilton  college  from  1892; 
Beside  several  hymnals,  he  has  published 
Miriam,  and  Other  Verse;  Hamilton,  Lin 
coln,  and  Other  Addresses;  and  The  Let 
ter  of  James  the  Just. 

STRYKER,  PETER,  clergyman,  lectur 
er,  author,  poet,  was  born  April  8,  1826, 
in  Pairfield,  N.  J.  He  is  an  eminent  cler 
gyman  of  the  reformed  church,  and  now 
fills  a  pastorate  in  Asbury  Park,  N.  J. 
In  1895  he  became  president  of  the  general 
synod  of  the  reformed  church  of  Ameri 
ca;  and  has  been  manager  of  the  Nation 
al  Temperance  society  since  its  organiza 
tion  in  1866.  In  1883  he  was  president  of 
the  New  York  State  Temperance  society. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  popular 
works,  the  most  notable  of  which  are 
Three  Little  Graves;  Gems  for  the  Sa 
vior's  Crown;  and  a  collection  of  poems 
entitled  Words  of  Comfort 

STRYKER,  WILLIAM  SCUDDER,  sol 
dier,  banker,  author,  was  born  June  6, 
1838,  in  Trenton,  N.  J.  In  the  beginning 
of  the  civil  war  he  assisted  in  organizing 
the  fourteenth  New  Jersey  volunteers.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866,  and  for 
some  time  was  president  of  the  Trenton 
Banking  company  in  New  Jersey.  He  has 
published  many  monographs  relating  to 
the  history  of  New  Jersey,  among  these 
being  The  Reed  Controversy;  New  Jersey 
Continental  Line  in  the  Virginia  Cam 
paign  of  1781;  New  Jersey  Continental 
Line  in  the  Indian  Campaign  of  1779 
(1885);  and  The  New  Jersey  Volunteers 
in  the  Revolutionary  War. 

STUART,  ALEXANDER,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  for  the  territory 
of  Illinois  in  1809;  and  in  1814  was  trans 
ferred  to  a  similar  position  in  the  terri 
tory  of  Missouri. 

STUART,  ALEXANDER  HUGH  H., 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  April  2,  1807,  in  Staunton,  Va.  In 

1836  he   was   elected 
a     member     of     the 
house  of  delegates  of 
Virginia     from     the 
county    of    Augusta, 
and  was  re-elected  in 

1837  and  1838.  In  1841 
he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative    in     con 
gress  from   Virginia, 
and  served  until  1843. 
He   was   a  presiden 
tial   elector  in   1848; 
and   in  1850  was   in 
vited  by  President  Fillmore  to  fill  the  of 
fice  of  secretary  of  the  interior,  which  he 
held  until  1853,  and  then  returned  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Staunton.  In 
1856  he  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
which    nominated    Mr.    Fillmore   for    the 
presidency;    and  in  1857  was  elected  to  the 
state   senate   of  Virginia   for  four  years. 
He  died  Feb.  13,  1891,  in  Staunton,  Va. 

STUART,  ANDREW,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1853  to  1855. 


STUART,  AMBROSE  PASCAL  SEVI- 
LON,  educator,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1820,  in 
Sterling,  Mass.  In  1868  he  accepted  the 
chair  of  chemistry  in  Illinois  Industrial 
university,  where  he  remained  until  1874. 
His  chemical  researches  have  been  pub 
lished  in  the  transactions  of  societies. 

STUART,  ARCHIBALD,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1837  to  1839. 

STUART,  CHARLES  BEEBE,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  June  4,  1814  in 
Chittenango  Springs,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  mil 
itary  engineer  in  government  service;  and 
the  author  of  Naval  Dry  Docks  of  the 
United  States;  Water  Works  of  the  United 
States;  and  Civil  and  Military  Engineers 
of  the  United  States.  He  died  Jan.  4  1881 
in  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

STUART,  CHARLES  E.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1810,  in 
Columbia  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Michigan  legislature  in  1842;  and 
was-  a  representative  in  the  thirtieth  and 
thirty-second  congresses.  In  1853  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  for  six  years 
He  died  in  1887  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

STUART,  DAVID,  congressman,  was 
born  March  12,  1816,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Michigan  from  1853  to  1855.  He  died  Sept 
19,  1868,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

STUART,  GEORGE,  educator,  author, 
was  bcrn  about  1834  in  Saratoga  county, 
N.  Y.  As  co-editor  of  the  Chase  and  Stu 
art  Classical  Series  he  has  published,  with 
Professor  Thomas  Chase,  elementary  Lat 
in  books  and  school  editions  of  Casar's 
Gallic  War;  Cicero's  Select  Orations;  and 
works  of  Sallust,  Cornelius  Nepos,  Taci 
tus,  Virgil,  and  Ovid.  He  is  also  the  au 
thor  of  an  educational  tract  on  The  Rai- 
son  d'etre  of  the  Public  High  School. 

STUART,  HAMILTON,  journalist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1813,  in  Jef 
ferson  county,  Ky.  In  1838  he  removed  to 
Texas,  where  he  established  the  Civilian, 
an  independent  democratic  iourcal,  which 
he  continued  for  nearly  forty  years.  He 
has  resided  in  Galveston  since  its  founda 
tion;  was  its  mayor  in  1848-52,  and  served 
as  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1847-48. 
He  subsequently  became  one  of  the  edi 
tors  of  the  Galveston  News. 

STUART,  ISAAC  WILLIAM,  educator, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  in  1809 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  thrice 
elected  to  the  Connecticut  state  senate. 
While  professor  at  South  Carolina  college 
he  produced  an  annotated  edition  of  the 
CEdipus  Tyrannus  of  Sophocles.  In  later 
life  he  gave  much  attention  to  American 
history  and  antiquities.  He  died  Oct  2, 
1861,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

STUART,  JAMES  EWELL  BROWN, 
soldier,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1833,  in  Patrick 
county,  Va.  He  commanded  all  the  con 
federate  cavalry  at  Bull  Run;  was  made 
brigadier-general  in  1861;  and  major-gen 
eral  in  1862.  He  was  killed  in  battle  May 
11,  1864,  near  Richmond.  Va. 

STUART,  JANE,  artist,  author,  was 
born  about  1810.  For  many  years  she  fol 
lowed  the  profession  of  portrait-painting. 
She  contemplated  writing  a  life  of  her 
father,  and  published  several  papers  in 
Scribner's  Monthly  in  1877.  The  work 
was  subsequently  written,  at  her  request, 
by  George  Champlin  Mason.  She  died 
April  28,  1888,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

STUART,  JOHN  TODD,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  10 
1807,  near  Lexington,  Ky.  In  1832  and 
1834  he  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
legislature.  He  was  elected  a  representa 


tive  from  Illinois  to  the  twenty-sixth  and 
twenty-seventh  congresses.  In  1848  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate,  serving  four 
years.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  represen- 
tathe  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  He 
died  Nov.  28,  1885,  in  Springfield,  111. 

STUART,  MARY  McCREA,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  in  1810  in  New  York  city. 
She  was  known  through  New  York  as  one 
of  the  most  philanthropic  women  there, 
donating  large  sums  of  money  to  various 
institutions,  the  principal  one  being  the 
Princeton  Theological  seminary.  She  died 
Dec.  30,  1891,  in  New  York  city 

STUART,  MOSES,  clergyman!  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  26,  1780,  in  Wil 
ton,  Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  and  educator  of  Massachusetts; 
and  professor  of  sacred  literature  at  An- 
dover  seminary  in  1809-48.  Among  his 
writings  are  Commentaries  on  the  Epistles 
to  the  Romans  and  the  Hebrews;  Hints 
on  the  Prophecies;  Conscience  and  the 
Constitution;  and  Critical  History  and 
Defense  of  the  Old  Testament  Canon.  He 
died  Jan.  4,  1852,  in  Andover,  Mass. 

STUART,  PHILIP,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1760  in  Maryland.  He 
was  elected  as  a  federalist  to  congress 
from  Maryland,  and  served  with  re-elec 
tions  from  1811  till  1819.  During  the  war 
of  1812  he  was  an  officer  in  the  Maryland 
volunteers  at  the  time  of  the  British  in 
vasion.  He  died  Aug.  14,  1830  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

STUART,  ROBERT,  explorer,  was  born 
Feb.  19,  1785,  in  Scotland.  In  1810  he  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  Astoria,  Ore.  In 
1812,  with  a  party  of  six,  he  traveled  over 
land  from  Astoria  to  New  York;  and  the 
story  of  the  journey  is  given  at  length 
by  Washington  Irving  in  his  Astoria.  He 
was  subsequently  commissioner  for  all 
the  Indian  tribes  in  the  northwest;  and 
in  1834  became  treasurer  of  Michigan  at 
Detroit.  He  died-  Oct.  28,  1848,  in  Chi 
cago,  111. 

STUART,  ROBERT  LEIGHTON,  mer 
chant,  philanthropist,  was  born  July  21, 
1806,  in  New  York  dty.  In  1880  he  gave 
$55,000  to  the  Presbyterian  hospital,  New 
York  city;  $100,000  to  Princeton  Theo 
logical  seminary;  $100,000  to  Princeton 
college;  and  $50,000  to  the  San  Francisco 
Theological  seminary.  Mr.  Stuart's  chari 
ties  are  continued  by  his  widow,  whose 
New  York  residence  is  among  the  finest 
in  the  country.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1882,  in 
New  York  city. 

STUART,  MRS.  RUTH  McENERY,  was 
born  in  18 —  in  Louisiana.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  Golden  Wedding,  and  Other 
Tales;  Carlotta's  Intended,  and  Other 
Stories;  The  Story  of  Babette;  Sonny; 
and  Solomon  Crow's  Christmas  Pockets. 

STUBBLEFIELD,  OLIVE,  educator, 
lecturer,  was  born  in  Olathe,  Kan.  She 
received  a  thorough  education  in  the 
Southwest  Kansas  college  and  the  Kan 
sas  State  university.  She  has  attained 
success  in  educational  work;  has  been 
county  superintendent  of  schools  of  Lin 
coln  county,  Okla. ;  and  is  a  successful 
lecturer  upon  temperance  and  kindred 
subjects. 

STIIBBS,  PHILIP  H.,  lawyer,  legislat 
or,  was  born  April  7,  1838,  in  Strong, 
Maine.  He  soon  attained  prominence  as 
an  able  lawyer.  He  has  served  as  state 
senator  of  the  Maine  legislature. 

STUCKART,  MARY  COLEMAN,  phil 
anthropist,  was  born  in  1854  in  Canada. 
She  is  a  philanthropist  of  Denver,  Col., 
and  designed  a  plan  for  a  co-operative 
home,  which  should  give  to  each  family 
their  own  private  and  separate  house 
and  grounds;  with  a  central  building  for 
their  common  use. 


904 


HERRINGSHAWS    KNCYCLOPEDIA    OF     AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


STUCKENBERG,  JOHN  HENRY  WIL- 
BURN,  clergyman,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  6,  1835,  in  Germany.  He  is  a 
lutheran  clergyman,  professor  of  theology 
at  Wittenberg  college,  Springfield,  Ohio, 
in  1873-80,  and  minister  in  charge  of  the 
American  chapel  at  Berlin  from  1880.  He 
is  the  author  of  Christian  Sociology;  Life 
of  Kant;  and  Introduction  to  the  Study 
of  Philosophy. 

STUDEBAKER,  CLEMENT,  railroad 
president,  was  born  March  12,  1831,  in 
Adams  county,  Pa.  In  1892  he  was  made 
president  of  the  Chicago  and  South  Bend 
railway  at  South  Bend,  Ind. 

STUDEBAKER,  JOHN,  merchant,  bank 
er,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1817,  in  Darke  coun 
ty,  Ohio.    He  began  his  mercantile  opera- 
--^^^^^^-          tions  in  a  log  cabin 
in      Bluff  ton,      Ind.; 
was  the  agent  of  the 
American    Fur    com- 
>^      £.  pany,  and  did  a  large 

business    among   the 
„  .  Indians.     In  1856  he 

I    entered   the  banking 
\    business,   and   estab- 
I    lished  the  Exchange 
bank,  which  Institu- 

_  ,'"•  tion     in     1863     was 

m,  4HM     iiH'i-ged  into  thoFirst 

National     bank,     of 

which  he  was  president.  Since  1868  he 
has  been  president  of  the  Exchange  bank 
of  John  Studebaker  and  Company,  which 
s  now  known  as  the  Studebaker  bank. 
He  has  been  a  candidate  for  congress,  and 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

STUDEBAKER,  JOHN  MOHLER,  man 
ufacturer,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1833,  in  Lan 
caster,  Pa.  For  five  years  he  built  wag 
ons  in  California,  and  with  his  savings 
then  returned  to  South  Bend  and  became 
the  partner  of  his  brothers.  When  the 
company  was  organized  in  1868,  the  broth 
ers  made  the  subject  of  this  sketch  first 
vice-president,  and  that  position  he  yet 
holds,  devoting  his  attention  mainly  to 
the  mechanical  department. 

STUDEBAKER,  PETER  E.,  manufac 
turer,  Chicago,  111.,  was  born  April  1, 
1836,  in  Ashland  county,  Ohio.  The  firm 
of  Studebaker  Brothers  took  him  into 
partnership  and  sent  him  to  St.  Joseph, 
Mo.,  to  establish  a  depot,  where  he  built 
up  a  handsome  trade  with  the  plains.  In 
1884,  the  growing  manufacture  of  fine  car 
riages  compelled  Mr.  Studebaker  to  re 
move  to  Chicago.  Mr.  Studebaker  is  now 
treasurer  of  the  concern. 

STUHR,  WILLIAM  SEBASTIAN,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1859, 
In  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Hudson  county,  N.  J.,  where 
he  has  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  In 
1890  he  was  elected  to  the  senate. 

STUMP,  HERMAN,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1837, 
in  Harford  county,  Md.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Maryland  state  senate  in  1878,  and 
was  made  president  of  that  body  in  1880. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty- 
second  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

STURGEON,  DA  Ml-:  I,,  physician,  state 
legislator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  27,  i'loit,  in  Adams  county,  Pa.  In 
1818  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  house  of  representatives,  serv 
ing  three  terms;  and  in  1825  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate,  being  speaker 
of  that  body  the  last  three  years  of  his 
term.  In  1830  he  was  appointed  auditor- 
general  of  the  state,  which  office  he  filled 
six  years:  and  in  1838  and  1839  he  was 
state  treasurer  and  ended  the  buckshot 
war  by  refusing  to  honor  Governor  Rit- 
ner's  warrant  for  payment  of  the  troops. 


He  was  elected  United  States  senator  as 
a  democrat  for  the  term  that  began  March 
4,  1839,  and  was  re-elected  to  that  body, 
his  last  term  expiring  March  3,  1851.  In 
1853  President  Polk  appointed  him  treas 
urer  of  the  United  States  mint  at  Phila 
delphia,  which  post  he  held  until  1858. 
He  died  July  2,  1878,  in  Uniontown,  Pa. 

ST  URGES,  JONATHAN,  merchant,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  March  24,  1802,  in 
Southport,  Conn.  He  was  distinguished 
for  philanthropy,  and  was  liberal  as  a 
founder  or  supporter  of  many  charities 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  at  one  time 
vice-president  of  the  New  York  chamber 
of  commerce,  an  active  member  of  the 
Century  club,  and  a  generous  patron  of 
art.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1874,  in  New  York 
city. 

STURGES,  MARY  UPSHUR,  author, 
poet,  was  born  April  7,  1828,  in  Accomac 
county,  Va.  She  is  a  successful  writer 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Con 
federate  Notes,  a  novel;  and  a  volume  of 
Poems. 

STURGES,  SAMUEL  DAVIS,  soldier, 
was  born  June  11,  1822,  in  Shippensburg, 
Pa.  He  served  in  the  Mexican  and  In 
dian  wars.  He  resigned  and  joined  the 
southern  confederacy  in  1861,  and  in  its 
service  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general. 

STURGIS.  FREDERICK  RUSSELL, 
physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  July 
7,  1844,  in  the  Philippine  islands.  He  is 
a  prominent  physician  and  surgeon  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Human 
Cestoids;  and  Students'  Manual  of  Ven 
ereal  Diseases. 

STURGIS,  JOHN  F.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Nov.  27,  1861,  in  East  Spring 
field,  Ohio.  This  prominent  lawyer  was 
a  member  of  congress  from  the  fifteenth 
district  of  Missouri,  and  took  a  promi 
nent  part  in  the  deliberations  of  that 
body. 

STURGIS,  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1740,  In 
Fairfield,  Conn.  In  1775  he  was  chosen 
a  delegate  to  congress;  espoused  and  sup 
ported  the  cause  of  independence,  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  1789 
to  1793,  when  he  was  appointed  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Connecticut.  He 
continued  in  that  office  until  1805  and  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1797  and  1805.  He 
died  Oct.  4,  1819,  in  Fairfield,  Conn. 

STURGIS,  LEWIS  BURR,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1762  in  Fairfield,  Conn.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1805  to  1817.  He  died 
March  30,  1844,  in  Norwalk,  Ohio. 

STURGIS,  ORIN  JONES,  educator, 
journalist,  was  born  June  12,  1853,  in 
Fayette  county,  Pa.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools;  attended  the  George  Creek  acad 
emy  at  Smithfield,  the  Bucknell  univer 
sity,  and  in  1879  graduated  from  the 
Brown  university.  For  several  years  he 
taught  in  the  public  schools;  was  post 
master  of  Uniontown  in  1884-85,  and  dur 
ing  1881-91  was  editor  and  part  owner  of 
the  Republican  Standard  of  Uniontown, 
Pa.  In  1891-92  he  was  on  the  editorial 
staff  of  the  Pittsburg  Commercial  Gazette, 
and  since  1893  has  been  managing  editor 
and  part  owner  of  the  Uniontown  News 
Standard. 

STURGIS,  RUSSELL,  architect,  author, 
was  born  in  1836  in  Maryland.  He  is 
an  architect  of  New  York  city,  a  valued 
authority  upon  art,  architecture,  and 
archipology,  and  the  author  of  European 
Architecture. 

STURGIS,  RUSSELL,  merchant,  was 
born  Aug.  3,  1831,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  United  States  consul  at  Canton,  but 


returned  to  Boston,  and  became  a  mer 
chant  in  that  city.  In  1862-63  he  served 
as  captain  and  major  In  the  forty-fifth 
Massachusetts  regiment.  He  has  been 
actively  associated  with  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  association  since  1858,  as  presi 
dent  of  the  Boston  association. 

STURGISS,  GEORGE  C.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1842,  in  Poland, 
Ohio.  Since  1895  he  has  been  president 
of  the  West  Virginia  Northern  railroad  at 
Morgantown,  W.  Va. 

STURTEVANT,  EDWARD  LEWIS,  ag 
riculturist,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  23,  1842,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1881 
he  was  called  to  the  charge  of  the  New 
York  agricultural  station  at  Geneva, 
where  he  remained  for  six  years.  Be 
sides  making  large  contributions  to  agri 
cultural  papers,  he  edited  the  Scientific 
Farmer  in  1876-79,  the  North  American 
Ayrshire  Register  and  the  annual  Reports 
of  the  New  York  Agricultural  Experi 
ment  Station,  and  with  Joseph  N.  Stur- 
tevant,  published  The  Dairy  Cow. 

STURTEVANT,  JOHN  C.,  manufactur 
er,  banker,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
20,  1835,  in  Spring  Township,  Pa.  In 
1861,  1862  and  1864  he  was  an  officer  In 
the  house  of  representatives  at  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.,  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  house  of  representatives  for  the  ses 
sion  of  1865;  and  re-elected  for  the  ses 
sion  of  1866.  He  removed  to  Conneaut- 
ville  in  1867,  and  was  engaged  in  manu 
facturing  and  milling  until  1888.  In  1874 
he  was  appointed  cashier  of  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  Conneautville,  and  in  1875 
was  elected  president  of  the  same  bank. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

STURTEVANT,  JULIAN  MONSON,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  July  26,  1805,  In 
Warren,  Conn.  He  was  a  prominent  ed 
ucator  of  Jacksonville,  111.,  professor  in 
Illinois  college  in  1830-86,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Economics,  or  the  Science  of 
Wealth;  and  Keys  of  Sect.  He  died  Feb. 
11,  1886,  in  Jacksonville,  111. 

STUTZMAN,  FRANK  ROSS,  clergyman, 
writer,  was  born  July  7,  1866,  in  Somerset, 
Pa.  He  is  a  successful  clergyman,  and 
has  presided  over  several  of  the  greatest 
conventions  held  by  the  disciples  in  Mis 
souri.  He  has  held  pastorates  in  Missouri 
and  Illinois,  and  filled  various  official  po 
sitions  with  the  organizations  of  the 
Christian  church;  and  is  now  state  super 
intendent  of  Christian  Endeavor  for  the 
Disciples.  He  has  filled  editorial  posi 
tions  with  Kansas  City  papers,  and  with 
the  Christian  Publishing  company  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  is  the  author  of  consid 
erable  Endeavor  literature,  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  the  periodical 
press. 

STUYVESANT,  PETER,  governor,  was 
born  in  1602,  in  Holland.  He  received 
an  academic  education;  entered  the 
__^^___^_  Dutch  military  ser 
vice,  and  was  made 
governor  of  a  col 
ony  on  the  island  of 
Curacoa.  In  1847  he 
became  •  governor  of 
the  colony  of  New 
Netherlands,  now 
New  York.  When  the 
English  fleet  reached 
his  territory  in  1664, 
he  was  obliged  to 
surrender,  and  was 
the  last  Dutch  gov 
ernor  of  the  Island  of  Manhattan.  His 
title  was  captain,  general  and  governor- 
in-chief  of  Amsterdam  in  New  Netherland 
and  the  Dutch  West  India  Islands.  He 
died  in  1672  in  New  York  city. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


905 


SUCKLEY,  GEORGE,  soldier,  physi- 
cian,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  in  1830 
in  New  York  city.  He  became  brigade 
surgeon  in  1861,  and  was  staff  surgeon, 
United  States  volunteers,  in  1862-65.  He 
became  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  and  col 
onel,  United  States  volunteers,  Aug.  15, 
1865.  He  has  published  Reports  on  the 
Natural  History,  Climate,  and  Physical 
Geography  of  Minnesota,  Nebraska, 
Washington  and  Oregon  Territories.  He 
died  July  30,  1869,  in  New  York  city. 

SUDDARDS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
journalist,  was  born  in  1805  in  England. 
In  1834  he  assumed  the  rectorship  of 
Grace  church,  Philadelphia.  He  was  for 
fifteen  years  either  associate  or  sole  edi 
tor  of  The  Episcopal  Recorder;  and  ed 
ited  The  British  Pulpit. 

SUDDATH,  JAMES  WALKER,  lawyer, 
politician,  was  born  May  12,  1857,  in  Jack 
son  county,  Mo.  He  is  a  prominent  at 
torney  of  Warrensburg,  Mo.;  has  been 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Johnson  county 
for  two  terms;  and  in  1892  was  elected  a 
democratic  presidential  elector.  In  1894 
he  was  a  member  of  the  resolution  on 
platform  committee  of  the  Missouri  dem 
ocratic  state  convention;  and  takes  a 
prominent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of 
his  city,  county  and  state. 

SUDDICK,  MRS.  LOUISE  F.,  poet,  was 
born  Oct.  21,  1856,  in  Farmington,  Mo. 
She  is  a  writer  of  Cuba,  Mo.,  her  poems 
appearing  in  the  periodical  press  gen 
erally. 

SUDDS,  WILLIAM  F.,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  March  5,  1843,  in  Eng 
land.  His  compositions  comprise  both 
vocal  and  instrumental  music,  and  some 
of  his  pieces  have  become  very  popular. 
He  has  also  published  National  School  for 
the  Piano-Forte;  and  several  collections 
of  music  in  book-form,  including  Anthem 
Gems;  and  Modern  Sacred  Duets. 

SUDDUTH,  WILLIAM  XAVIER,  physi 
cian,  lecturer,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1853,  in 
Springfield,  111.  He  prepared  for  college 
at  the  Illinois  State 
Normal  university, 
and  graduated  from 
the  Illinois  Wesleyan 
university  with  the 
degree  of  Ph.  B., 
subsequently  receiv 
ing  the  degree  of  A. 
M.  from  the  same  in 
stitution.  He  grad 
uated  in  1881  at  the 
Philadelphia  Dental 
college,  and  in  1885 
from  the  college  of 
Physicians  and  Sur 
geons  of  New  York  city.  He  then  studied 
in  the  universities  of  Berlin,  Heidelberg 
and  Vienna.  He  was  a  special  lecturer  on 
biology  in  the  university  of  Iowa,  1888-89, 
in  the  university  of  California,  1891-92, 
and  in  the  Minneapolis  academy,  1893-95; 
and  university  extension  lecturer  on  biol 
ogy  and  psycho-physics,  in  the  university 
of  Minnesota,  1893-95;  and  is  now  profes 
sor  of  morbid  psychology  and  psycho- 
therapeutics  and  director  of  the  psycho- 
physical  laboratory  of  the  Post-Graduate 
Medical  school  of  Chicago;  also  national 
lecturer  on  narcotics  for  the  W.  C.  T.  U., 
1896. 

SULLIVAN,  ALEXANDER,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  9,  1847,  in  Waterville, 
Maine.  In  1883  he  was  chosen  first  presi 
dent  of  the  Irish  National  league  of  Am 
erica,  whose  object  is  to  promote  home 
rule  in  Ireland.  This  place  he  resigned  in 
1884,  and  now  devotes  his  entire  time  to 
his  profession  of  law  in  Chicago,  111. 

SULLIVAN,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29, 


1771,  in  Durham,  N.  H.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  general  court  of  New 
Hampshire  in  1805  and  1813.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  in  1811  and 
1812;  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate 
in  1814  and  1815,  and  was  twenty-one 
years  attorney-general  of  the  state,  which 
office  he  resigned  in  1836.  He  died  June 
14,  1838,  in  Exeter,  N.  H. 

SULLIVAN,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  April  22. 
1744,  in  Berwick,  Maine.  In  1775  he  was  a 
member  of  the  provincial  congress.  In 
1776  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  supe 
rior  court;  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  in  1782;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  executive  council  and 
judge  of  probate.  In  1790  was  appointed 
attorney-general,  which  office  he  retained 
till  1807,  when  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Massachusetts.  He  was  the  author  of 
History  of  Land  Titles  of  Massachusetts; 
Observations  on  the  Government  of  the 
United  States;  The  Path  to  Riches,  or  a 
Dissertation  on  Banks;  The  Altar  of  Baal 
Thrown  Down,  or  the  French  Nation  De 
fended;  and  Impartial  Review  of  Causes 
of  the  French  Revolution.  He  died  Dec. 
10,  1808,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SULLIVAN,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1848  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city,  editor  of  social  reform  journals  in 
1893-96,  and  the  author  of  Tenement  Tales 
of  New  York;  So  the  World  Goes;  and 
Direct  Legislation  through  the  Initiative 
and  Referendum. 

SULLIVAN,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1740, 
in  Brunswick,  Maine.  He  attained  the 
rank  of  major-general  in  the  revolution 
ary  army.  He  was  a  delegate  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  continental  congress  in 
1774  and  1775,  and  again  in  1780  and 
1781.  He  was  for  three  years  president 
of  New  Hampshire.  In  1789  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  district  court, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  death.  He 
died  Jan.  23,  1795,  in  Durham,  N.  H. 

SULLIVAN,  JOHN  LANGDON,  civil 
engineer,  physician,  was  born  April  9, 
1777,  in  Saco,  Maine.  He  was  appointed 
engineer  of  the  first  canal  in  the  United 
States,  between  Boston  harbor  and  the 
Merrimac  river,  and  in  1814  received  a 
patent  for  the  first  steam  tow-boat.  He 
died  Feb.  9,  1865,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SULLIVAN,  JOHN  TURNER  SAR 
GENT,  lawyer,  author,  poet,  was  born  in 
1813  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  wrote  several 
well-known  songs,  and,  besides  the  mem 
oir  of  his  father,  published  translations  of 
stories  from  the  German.  He  died  Dec. 
30,  1838,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SULLIVAN,  MARGARET  FRANCES, 
journalist,  author.  She  is  literary  and 
art  editor  of  the  Chicago  Tribune  and  an 
editorial  contributor  to  the  press  of  New 
York.  She  is  author  of  Ireland  of  To-Day; 
and  Mexico,  Picturesque,  Political  and 
Progressive. 

SULLIVAN,  THOMAS  RUSSELL,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1799  in  Brookline,  Mass.  He  was  a  uni- 
tarian  clergyman  of  Keene,  N.  H.,  in 
1825-35,  and  from  1835  till  his  death  an 
educator  in  Boston.  He  was  the  author  of 
Letters  Against  the  Immediate  Abolition 
of  Slavery;  and  Limits  of  Responsibility 
in  Reforms.  He  died  Dec.  23.  1862,  in 
Somerville,  Mass. 

SULLIVAN,  THOMAS  RUSSELL,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1849  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  novelist  of  Boston,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Tom  Sylvester;  Roses  of  Shadow; 
Day  and  Night  Stories;  and  several  plays. 


SULLIVAN,  WILL  VAN  AMBERG, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  18, 
1857,  near  Winona,  Miss.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  democrat 
ic  national  conven 
tion  in  1892,  and  was 
by  the  national  dem 
ocratic  convention  of 
1896,  at  the  request 
of  the  state  of  Mis 
sissippi,  elected  a 
member  for  Missis 
sippi  of  the  natibnal 
democratic  executive 
committee,  which 
position  he  now 
holds.  He  was  nom 
inated  for  congress,  though  not  a  candi 
date  for  the  position,  but  a  deadlock  be 
tween  the  four  aspirants  having  contin 
ued  for  several  days,  the  nomination  was 
tendered  to  and  accepted  by  him,  and  he 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

SULLIVAN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1774,  in  Saco,  Maine. 
He  was  a  lawyer  of  Boston,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Familiar  Letters  on  Public  Men 
of  the  Revolution;  Historical  Causes  and 
Effects;  and  Sea  Life.  He  died  Sept.  3, 
1839,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SULLIVANT,  WILLIAM  STARLING, 
botanist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1803, 
near  Franklinton,  Ohio.  He  was  a  bot 
anist  of  Ohio,  and  the  author  of  Musci  Al- 
leghanienses;  Musci  Cubenses;  Icones 
Muscorum;  and  Musci  and  Hepaticse  of 
the  United  States  East  of  the  Mississippi. 
He  died  April  30,  1873,  near  Columbus, 
Ohio. 

SULLOWAY,  CYRUS  ADAMS,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  8,  1839,  in  Grafton,  N.  H.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Hampshire  house  of 
representatives  in  1872-73,  and  from  1887 
to  1893,  inclusive.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

SULLY,  ALFRED,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1821,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  served  with 
distinction  through  the  Mexican  and  civil 
wars;  and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  died  April  17,  1879,  in  Fort 
Vancouver,  Wash. 

SULLY,  THOMAS,  was  born  June  8, 
1783,  in  England.  He  was  a  distinguished 
portrait  painter  of  Philadelphia,  and  the 
author  of  Hints  to  Young  Painters.  He 
died  Nov.  5,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SULZER,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  March  18,  1863,  in 
Elizabeth,  N.  J.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools,  stud 
ied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1884,  and  is  a  well- 
known  lawyer  of  New 
York  city.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legis 
lature  in  1889,  1890, 
1891,  1892,  1893  and 
1894;  in  1892  he  was 
the  leader  of  the  ma 
jority  of  the  assem 
bly,  and  in  1893  he 
was  speaker  of  the 
assembly.  In  1894  he  was  the  leader  of  the 
minority  of  the  assembly.  He  was  elect- 
ted  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat.  As  a  lawyer  he 
has  won  considerable  fame  and  reputa 
tion,  and  has  been  identified  with  some  of 
the  most  important  cases  tried  in  New 
York  city.  He  has  introduced  and  passed 
some  of  the  best  laws  for  the  people  in 
recent  years. 


906 


HKKRINtJSHAWS     KNO  VC1.(  >PKI  )I  A     OF    AMERICAN     HIOCHAPHY. 


SUMERVILLE,  ALEXANDER,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1820  in  Maryland.  In  1839 
he  was  appointed  brigadier-general,  com 
manded  an  unsuccessful  expedition  to 
Mexico  in  1842;  and  in  the  latter  part  of 
that  year  was  collector  of  customs  for  the 
district  of  Matagorda  until  1845.  He  died 
in  1854. 

SUMMERBELL,  JOSEPH  JAMES,  cler 
gyman,  editor,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1844,  in 
Milford.  N.  J.  He  is  an  eminent  clergy 
man,  and  the  present  editor  of  The  Her 
ald  of  Gospel  Liberty.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  mission  board  and  a  trustee  of  the 
Christian  Biblical  institute. 

SUMMERBELL,  MARTYN,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1847, 
in  Naples,  N.  Y.  He  has  filled  important 
pastorates  in  Brooklyn  and  New  York 
city;  and  since  1888  has  been  pastor  of  the 
College  church  of  Bates  college  of  Lewis- 
ton,  Maine.  Since  1896  he  has  been  a 
lecturer  on  church  history  in  the  Divinity 
school  of  Lewiston.  He  has  published  a 
Minister's  Hand-Book,  and  has  been  a 
frequent  contributor  to  the  religious 
press.  He  is  also  a  noted  lecturer  on 
oriental  religions. 

SUMMERFIELD,  JOHN,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1798,  in  England. 
He  was  a  methodist  clergyman,  renowned 
for  eloquence  in  his 
day;  and  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Am 
erican  Tract  society. 
He  was  a  constant 
contributor  to  relig 
ious  literature.  He 
i  s  the  author  of 
Sermons  and  Sketch 
es  of  Sermons,  which 
were  posthumously 
published.  He  died 
June  13,  1825,  in 
New  York  city. 

SCMMKUHKLI).  MARCUS,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  horn  Aug.  15,  1842,  in  Prus 
sia.  He  received  his  education  in  Ger 
many;  from  prhate  tutors  in  the  United 
States;  and  in  1864  graduated  in  medi 
cine  from  the  medical  colleges  of  Cincin 
nati  and  New  York  city.  Five  years  later 
he  was  admitted  to-  the  bar;  and  for  ten 
years  he  was  professor  of  law  in  the 
Law  school,  university  of  Kansas;  in 
which  state  he  practices  his  profession  at 
Lawrence. 

SUMMEHLIN,  ADOLPH,  journalist, 
was  born  Aug.  24.  1857,  in  Keosauqua, 
Iowa.  For  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has 
been  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Com 
mercial  of  Mattoon,  111.;  has  been  a  can 
didate  for  county  judge  and  also  for  rep 
resentative  of  the  legislature. 

SUMMERS,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  near  Alexandria,  Va.  In  1830  he 
was  electeu  a  member  of  the  house  of 
delegates,  and  continued  to  represent  Ka- 
nawha  county  in  the  legislature  lor  sev 
eral  years.  He  was  elected  to  the  nation 
al  house  of  representatives  in  1841,  and 
re-elected  in  1843,  serving  throughout  the 
twenty-seventh  and  twenty-eighth  con 
gresses.  In  1851  he  was  unanimously 
nominated  as  the  whig  candidate  for  gov 
ernor  at  the  first  election  of  the  governor 
by  the  people.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  eighteenth  judicial  circuit  in 
Virginia,  and  served  in  that  capacity  for 
six  years.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  peace 
congress  of  1861. 

SUMMERS,  THOMAS  OSMOND,  was 
born  Oct.  11,  1812,  in  England.  He  was 
a  methodist  clergyman  of  Nashville,  and 
the  author  of  Commentary  on  the  Gos 
pels,  Acts,  and  Ritual  of  the  Methodist 


Church  South;  Treatise  on  Baptism;  On 
Holiness;  and  Talks  Pleasant  and  Profit 
able.  He  died  in  1882. 

SUMMERS,  WILLIAM  DOUGLAS,  law 
yer,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1862,  in  Kentucky. 
He  taught  school  for  a  while,  and  in  1882 
moved  to  Harrisville,  Mo.,  and  two  years 
later  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  is 
now  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  learned 
lawyers  of  Missouri;  takes  a  prominent 
part  an  political  affairs,  and  ranks  high 
in  various  fraternal  orders. 

SUMMEY,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  June  3,  1853,  in  Ashe- 
ville,  N.  C.  This  eminent  presbyterian 
clergyman  since  1892  has  been  chancellor 
of  the  Southwestern  Presbyterian  univer 
sity  of  Clarksville,  Tenn.,  and  since  1887 
has  been  editor  of  the  Presbyterian  Quar 
terly. 

SUMNER.  CHARLES,  journalist,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  6.  1811.  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  distinguished 
.Massachusetts  states- 
m  a  n  who  succeed 
ed  Daniel  Webster 
in  1851  in  the  senate 
of  the  United  States. 
He  was  a  fearless 
opponent  of  slavery, 
and,  in  consequence 
of  this  attitude  of 
his,  was  assaulted  in 
the  senate  chamber 
by  Preston  Brooks, 
of  South  Carolina,  in 
1856,  and  severely  injured.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  True  Grandeur  of  Nations; 
and  Prophetic  Voices  Concerning  Amer 
ica.  His  complete  works,  including  his 
many  orations  and  speeches,  have  been 
issued  in  fifteen  volumes.  He  died  March 
11,  1874,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SUMNER,  CHARLES  ALLEN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1835,  in  Great 
Harrington,  Mass.  During  the  war  he 
served  as  a  captain  in  the  second  Mas 
sachusetts  volunteer  infantry;  and  was 
colonel  of  the  first  Nevada  infantry.  He 
was  congressman-at-large  for  California 
in  the  forty-eighth  congress.  Prior  to  his 
term  of  service  in  congress  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Nevada  state  senate  during 
1864-68,  the  latter  year  as  president  of  the 
senate.  He  is  a  stenographer  of  San 
Francisco;  and  the  author  of  Shorthand 
and  Reporting;  Golden  Gate  Sketches; 
Travels  in  Southern  Europe;  and  a  vol 
ume  of  Poems. 

SUMNER,  CHARLES  FLETCHER,  phy 
sician,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  March 
28.  1817.  in  Hebron,  Conn.  For  three 
terms  this  eminent  physician  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Connecticut  state  legislature, 
and  probate  judge  for  two  terms.  He  is 
a  genealogist  and  the  author  of  Bolton 
Town  History;  and  other  historical  works. 

SUMNER,  CHARLES  PINCKNEY,  law 
yer,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1766  in 
Massachusetts.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Bos 
ton,  high  sheriff  of  Suffolk  county  from 
1825  till  his  death,  and  the  author  of  Eu 
logy  on  Washington;  The  Compass;  and 
letters  on  Speculative  Masonry.  He  died 
in  1839. 

SUMNER,  DANIEL  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1837,  in  Ma- 
lone,  N.  Y.  In  1871  he  settled  at  Wau- 
kesha,  \vis.,  and  in  1875  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  and  served  two  years.  He 
was  unanimously  renominated,  but  de 
clined  further  service.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  for 
ty-eighth  congress. 


SUMNER,  EDWIN  VOSE,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1797,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  major  in  the  Mexican 
war;  was  governor 
of  New  Mexico  in 
1851-53;  and  in  1861 
was  appointed  a  bri 
gadier-general  in  the 
regular  army;  and 
served  with  distinc 
tion  in  a  score  of 
battles  and  engage 
ments.  He  was  made 
a  major-general  in 
the  regular  army  for 
services  before  Rich 
mond.  He  died 
March  21,  1863,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

SUMNER,  GEORGE,  educator,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1793.  in 
Pomfret,  Conn.  He  was  a  Hartford  phy 
sician,  professor  of  botany  at  Trinity  col 
lege  in  1824-55,  and  the  author  of  Com 
pendium  of  Physiological  and  Systematic 
Botany.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1855,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

SUMNER,  GEORGE,  political  econo 
mist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1817,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  lectured  extensively  on 
philanthropic  subjects,  and  contributed  to 
the  North  American  and  the  Democratic- 
reviews  and  to  French  and  German  peri 
odicals.  His  advocacy  of  the  system  of 
solitary  confinement  in  Drisous  led  to. 
its  adoption  in  French  penitentiaries, 
which  furnished  the  subject  for  a  pam 
phlet  entitled  The  Pennsylvania  System  of 
Prison  Discipline  Triumphant  in  France: 
He  died  Oct.  6,  1863,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

SUMNER,  INCREASE,  lawyer,  jurist,, 
state  senator,  governor^  was  born  Nov. 
27,  1746,  in  Roxbury,  Mass.  He  was  a; 
state  representative  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1776  to  1780,  and  a  state  senator 
from  1780  to  1782.  He  was  an  associate- 
judge  of  the  supreme  judicial  court  from 
1782  to  1797.  He  was  governor  of  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1797  to  1799.  He  died 
June  7,  1799,  in  Roxbury.  Mass. 

SUMNER,  JETHRO,  soldier,  was  born, 
in  1730  in  Virginia.  He  served  throughout 
the  revolutionary  war,  attaining  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general.  He  died  in  1790,  in 
Warren  county,  N.  C. 

SUMNER,  WILLIAM  GRAHAM,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1840,  in 
Paterson,  N.  J.  He  is  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman,  prominent  as  a  political  econo 
mist,  professor  of  political  and  social- sci 
ence  at  Yale  university  from  1872,  and  the- 
author  of  A  History  of  American  Curren 
cy;  What  Social  Classes  Owe  to  Each 
Other;  Problems  in  Political  Economy;. 
Collected  Essays  in  Political  and  Social 
Science;  Protectionism;  Lives  of  Andrew 
Jackson,  Alexander  Hamilton,  Robert 
Morris;  and  The  Financier  and  the  Fi 
nances  of  the  Revolution,  a  more  extend 
ed  life  of  Robert  Morris.  He  is  also  a 
constant  contributor  to  the  leading  relig 
ious  periodicals  of  the  United  States. 

STMNER,  WILLIAM  HYSLOP,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  author,  was  born 
July  4,  1780,  in  Roxbury.  He  was  one 
of  the  original  members  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Horticultural  society.  His  works 
include  An  Inquiry  into  the  Importance  of 
the  Militia;  Observations  on  National  De 
fence;  Reminiscences  (1854);  Memoir  of 
Increase  Sumner,  Governor  of  Massachu 
setts;  Reminiscences  of  General  Warren 
and  Bunker  Hill;  History  of  East  Boston; 
and  Reminiscences  of  Lafayette's  Visit  to 
Boston.  He  died  Oct.  24.  1861,  in  Jamaica 
Plains,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


907 


SUMTER,  THOMAS,  soldier,  diplomat, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  July  14, 
1736,  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  distinguished 
soldier  of  the  Ameri 
can  revolution,  and 
was  a  citizen  of 
South  Carolina.  He 
was  promoted,  i  n 
1780,  from  the  office 
of  colonel  to  that  of 
brigadier  -  general. 
For  his  services  he 
received  the  thanks 
of  congress  and  the 
applause  of  his  coun- 

f  i    .       :iaa  try.     He  was  a  rep 

resentative  in  con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1789  to 
1793.  In  1801  he  was  elected  a  senator  in 
congress,  serving  until  1809,  when  he  was 
appointed  minister  to  Brazil.  After  spend 
ing  two  years  abroad,  he  returned  home 
and  was  again  elected  to  the  senate  He 
died  June  1,  1832,  near  Camden,  S.  C. 

SUMTER,  THOMAS  D.,  congressman 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1840  to  1843. 

SUNDERLAND,  JABEZ  THOMAS,  cler 
gyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
11,  1842,  in  England.  He  is  a  distinguished 
clergyman  of  the  Unitarian  church;  the 
founder  and  editor  of  the  Unitarian 
Monthly,  and  the  author  of  A  Rational 
Faith;  What  Is  the  Bible?  The  Liberal 
Christian  Ministry;  Home  Travel  in  Bible 
Lands;  The  Bible:  Its  Origin  and  Place 
Among  the  Sacred  Books  of  the  World- 
and  Orthodoxy  and  Revivalism. 

SUNDERLAND,  LA  ROY,  author  was 
born  May  18,  1802,  in  Exeter,  R.  I.  He 
was  a  writer  who  in  early  life  was  a 
zealous  methodist  preacher,  and  after  1845 
an  equally  zealous  opponent  of  Christian 
ity,  slavery,  spiritualism,  and  mormonism 
Among  his  wriungs  are:  History  of  South 
America;  Book  of  Human  Nature;  Book 
of  Psychology;  The  Trance,  and  How  In 
troduced;  Anti-Slavery  Manual,  and  Mor 
monism  Exposed.  He  died  May  15,  1885, 
in  Quincy,  Mass. 

SUNDERLAND,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  in  1821  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
After  securing  a  large  fortune,  he  en-  • 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
and  became  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  California.  He  died  Oct.  9,  1886, 
in  New  York  city. 

SUPER,  CHARLES  W.,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  author.  He  has  attained 
success  in  educational  work,  and  is  now 
president  of  the  Ohio  university  of  Ath 
ens.  He  is  the  author  of  A  History  of 
the  German  Language  from  the  Earliest 
Times  to  the  Present  Day;  and  other 
works. 

SUPLEE,  THOMAS  DANLY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  April  17,  1846,  in  Phil 
adelphia.  He  is  an  educator  of  New  Jer 
sey,  and  the  author  of  Frank  Muller,  or 
Labor  and  Its  Fruits;  Pebbles  from  the 
Fountain  of  Castalia;  Poems;  Plain 
Talks;  Riverside,  a  romance;  and  Civil 
Government  under  the  United  States  Con 
stitution. 

SUTHERLAND,  GEORGE  E..  soldier, 
jurist,  lecturer.  For  three  years  he  served 
as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil  war, 
and  was  promoted  to  major.  In  1886  he 
moved  to  Milwaukee,  where  he  was 
elected  superior  judge. 

SUTHERLAND,  JABEZ  G.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Oct.  6,  1825,  in  Onondaga  county,  N. 
Y.  In  1849  he  settled  in  Saginaw  City, 
Mich.,  and  was  made  prosecuting  attor 
ney  for  that  county,  and  in  1853  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  legislature.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  circuit  judge  of  the  tenth  circuit, 


and  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position 
in  1869  without  opposition.  In  1870  he 
was  elected  to  the  forty-second  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

SUTHERLAND,  JOEL  B.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1791  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Philadelphia  coun 
ty,  Pa.,  from  1827  to  1837.  He  died  Nov 
15,  1861,  in  Philadelphia. 

SUTHERLAND,  JOSIAH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty-second  congress,  and 
was  subsequently  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state. 

SUTHERLAND,  RODERICK  DHU, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April  27, 
1862,  in  Scotch  Grove,  Iowa.  He  was 
elected  county  at 
torney  in  Nebraska 
in  1890;  and  re-elect 
ed  in  1892  and  1894. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  populist. 
He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  Ne 
braska  at  Nelson; 
and  while  in  con 
gress  served  on  a 
number  of  important 
committees. 

SUTHERLAND,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer 
was  born  May  30,  1849,  in  Hopewell,  N.  Y. 
He  was  counsel  for  the  republican  state 
committee  in  the  celebrated  senatorial 
election  cases  in  1891,  and  in  the  contest 
against  the  re-appointment  of  1892.  In 
1894  he  was  one  of  the  counsel  in  the 
Lexow  committee  of  the  state  senate 
which  investigated  the  affairs  of  New 
York  city.  This  successful  lawyer  is 
prominent  in  political  affairs,  and  prac 
tices  law  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

SUTLIFFE,  ALBERT,  poet,  was  born 
about  1830  in  Meriden,  Conn.  He  first 
became  known  as  a  writer  of  verse  for  the 
National  Era,  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  in 
1854  was  a  contributor  to  the  Genius  of 
the  West,  at  Cincinnati.  He  published  a 
volume  of  poems  in  1859. 

SUTRO,  ADOLPH  HEINRICH  JOSEPH, 
mining  engineer,  was  born  April  29,  1830, 
in  Germany.  In  1860  he  planned  the  now 
famous  Sutro  tunnel  through  the  heart 
of  the  mountain  in  Nevada,  where  lay 
the  Comstock  lode;  and  in  1879  the  great 
tunnel  was  finished  and  its  projector  be 
came  a  millionaire  many  times  over.  He 
was  mayor  of  San  Francisco,  and  has 
filled  numerous  public  positions  of  honor. 

SUTRO,  OTTO,  merchant,  musician, 
was  born  Feb.  24,  1833,  in  Prussia.  In 
1868  he  decided  to  engage  in  the  piano, 
organ  and  music  and  musical  merchan 
dise  business  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  which 
business  he  is  still  connected  with. 

SUTRO/.  THEODORE,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  March  14,  1845,  in  Prussia.  From 
1875  to  1880  he  was  employed  as  attor 
ney  for  the  Sutro  Tunnel  company  of 
Nevada;  and  published  a  book  entitled 
The  Sutro  Tunnel  Company  and  the  Sutro 
Tunnel. 

SUTTER,  DANIEL,  merchant,  was  born 
Dec.  16,  1830,  in  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.  For 
forty-five  years  he  was  identified  with 
the  business  interests  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
and  for  thirty-two  years  was  the  senior 
member  of  the  firm  of  Sutter  and  Miller, 
rubber  merchants,  retiring  from  active 
business  in  1896,  and  has  since  resided  in 
the  place  of  his  nativity.  For  twenty-five 
years  he  has  been  a  bank  director,  and 
still  continues  in  that  capacity;  also  re 


taining  an  interest  in  various  other  cor 
porations  as  director,  treasurer  and  stock 
holder.  He  stands  high  in  Masonry  is  a 
thirty-second  degree  Scottish  Rite,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Histori 
cal  society,  and  the  Horticultural,  Colon 
ial  and  Genealogical  societies  of  that 
state;  and  also  a  member  of  the  Union 
league,  Trades  league  and  other  asso 
ciations  in  Philadelphia. 

SUTTER,  JOHN  AUGUSTUS,  pioneer 
was  born  Feb.  15,  1803,  in  Baden.  In 
1834  he  settled  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  in 
1838  crossed  the  Rocky  Mountains.  He 
subsequently  went  to  Sitka,  Alaska,  and 
in  1839  founded  the  first  white  settlement 
on  the  site  of  Sacramento.  He  received  a 
large  tract  of  land  from  the  Mexican  gov 
ernment,  and  in  1841  built  a  fort,  and 
was  appointed  governor  of  the  northern 
frontier  country.  He  died  June  17.  1880, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SUTTON,  A.  LINCOLN,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  June  21,  1866,  in  Oregon, 
Wis.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  the  west,  and  resides  in  South  Omaha, 
Neb.  He  has  been  justice  of  the  peace; 
served  two  terms  in  the  Nebraska  state 
legislature  with  distinction;  has  been 
county  commissioner,  Omaha,  and  filled 
various  other  public  positions  of  trust. 

SUTTON,  CICERO  HOLT,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  in  Batesville,  Ga.  In  1843 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  was  justice 
of  the  inferior  court  in  1846,  and  re 
ceived  the  re-election  in  1848,  and  since 
1847  has  lived  in  Clarkesville,  Ga.  Dur 
ing  1851-55  he  served  two  terms  as  pro 
bate  judge  of  his  county,  and  in  1865  was 
elected  judge  of  the  county  court;  and  in 
1876  and  again  in  1880  was  appointed  to 
that  position  by  the  governor.  He  has 
won  distinction  as  an  able  lawyer  and 
jurist. 

SUTTON,  JAY  W.,  lawyer,  business 
man,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1858,  in  Romeo, 
Mich.  In  1881  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  He  has  been  secretary  of  the  Soo. 
Mutual  Building  and  Loan  association 
since  its  organization  in  1888;  and  in 
1897  was  elected  state  banker  for  two 
years  by  the  Modern  Woodmen  of  Amer 
ica.  He  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the 
public  affairs  of  Michigan  at  Sault  Ste. 
Marie;  and  is  prominent  in  various  fra 
ternal  orders. 

SUTTON,  WILLIAM  BELL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1849, 
in  Indiana,  Pa.  He  was  judge  of  Oneida 
county,  N.  Y.  He  subsequently  moved  to 
Kansas  where  he  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer,  and  member  of  the 
Kansas  house  of  representatives. 

SUTTON,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1835,  in 
Haddonfield,  N.  J.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Dickinson  college  of  Car 
lisle,  Pa.;  the  Wesleyan  university  of 
Middletown,  Conn.;  and  the  Albany  Law 
school.  He  has  been  school  director  and 
a  state  senator  in  the  Pennsylvania  leg 
islature;  and  was  instrumental  in  intro 
ducing  and  passing  many  improvements 
in  statutory  law.  He  has  declined  nom 
inations  for  judge  of  court  of  common 
pleas  and  for  congress,  preferring  the 
practice  of  law,  in  which  he  has  been 
eminently  successful,  both  in  criminal 
and  common  law.  He  is  a  ready  speaker, 
but  as  a  brilliant  lawyer  of  Philadelphia: 
he  is  most  distinguished, 

SUYDAM,  JAMES  AUGUSTUS,  artist, 
was  born  March  27,  1819,  in  New  York. 
His  best  known  work  is  a  characteristic 
landscape  painting  known  as  Long  Island 
Shore.  He  died  Sept.  15,  1865,  in  North 
Conway,  N.  H. 


•90S 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SUYDAM,  JOHN  HOWARD,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1832,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  He  Is  a  Dutch  reformed  cler 
gyman  of  Jersey  City  from  1869,  and  the 
author  of  The  Cruger  Family;  Cruel  Jim; 
and  The  Wreckmaster. 

SWAIM,  DAVID  GASKILL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1834,  in  Salem, 
Ohio.  He  served  with  distinction  through 
out  the  civil  war  in  the  United  States 
army,  and  attained  the  rank  of  colonel. 
He  became  judge  advocate  general  of  the 
army  in  1881,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general. 

SWAIN,    ADELINE    MORRISON,    edu 
cator,  suffragist,   was  born  May  25,  1820, 
in  Bath,  N.  H.     She  received  her  educa- 
^  tion     in    the    public 

schools,  Newbury 
seminary,  Vermont, 
and  the  Troy  Con 
ference  academy  of 
West  Poultney.  For 
<-  many  years  she  was 

preceptress     of     the 
*  Troy       Conference 

seminary,  and  a 
teacher  of  French, 
Spanish  and  Italian. 
She  subsequently 
held  the  same  po 
sition  in  Nunda  Literary  institute; 
and  taught  drawing  and  painting  in 
both  institutions.  In  1883  she  was 
a  candidate  for  state  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  of  Iowa;  and  in  1884 
was  state  delegate  at  large  to  the  presi 
dential  convention  held  at  Indianapolis. 
She  has  contributed  extensively  to  cur 
rent  literature  on  different  topics  and 
suffrage  work. 

SWAIN,  DAVID  LOWRY,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  college  president,  governor,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  4,  1801,  near  Asheville,  N. 
C.  In  1824  he  was  elected  to  represent 
Buncombe  county,  N.  C.,  in  the  house  of 
commons  of  the  state.  In  1831  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  supreme  court;  from 
1832  to  1835  was  governor  of  the  state. 
From  that  time  until  his  death  he  was 
president  of  the  university  of  North  Car 
olina.  He  published  British  Invasion  of 
North  Carolina;  and  other  works.  He 
<iied  Sept.  3,  1868,  in  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 

SWAIN,  JAMES  BARRETT,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  July  30,  1820,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New 
York  city,  postofflce  inspector  in  1881-85, 
and  the  author  of  Life  and  Speeches  of 
Henry  Clay;  Historical  Notes  to  Speeches 
•of  Henry  Clay;  and  A  Military  History  of 
New  York  State.  He  died  in  1895. 

SWAIN,  JOHN  R.,  lawyer,  writer,  was 
born  Aug.  9,  1863,  in  Detroit,  Mich.  In 
1868  he  moved  west  with  his  parents,  first 
to  Mapleton,  Iowa,  and  then  to  Southland, 
where  he  received  his  early  education; 
subsequently  graduating  from  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  state  university  of  Iowa. 
He  has  attained  success  in  the  profession 
•of  law  at  Greeley,  Neb.;  was  city  attor 
ney  in  1892-93,  and  county  attorney  in 
1893-94.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
city  council  for  several  years,  and  chair 
man  of  the  school  board.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  the  periodical 
press,  and  in  1895  was  editor  of  the  Gree 
ley  Herald. 

SWAIN,  JOSEPH,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  June  16,  1857,  In  Pen- 
dleton,  Ind.  In  1893  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  university  of  Indiana,  which 
position  he  still  holds. 

SWAN,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  delegate  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1787  to  1788. 

SWAN,  JOSIAH  ROCKWELL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1802,  in 


Westernville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  prominent 
jurist  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  the  author 
of  Treatise  on  Justices  of  the  Peace  and 
Constables  in  Ohio;  Manual  for  Executors 
and  Administrators;  Pleading  and  Prac 
tice;  and  Commentaries  on  Pleadings  un 
der  the  Ohio  Code.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1884, 
in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

SWAN,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1771  in  Somerset  county,  N.  J. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1821  to  1831.  He  died 
Aug.  24,  1844,  in  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

SWAN,  TIMOTHY,  musician,  compos 
er,  was  born  July  23,  1758,  in  Worcester, 
Mass.  He  settled  at  Northfleld,  Mass., 
where  he  resided  until  his  death.  Some  of 
his  psalm-tunes,  among  them  China,  Pow- 
nal,  and  Poland,  became  very  popular, 
and  are  still  to  be  found  in  collections 
of  church  music.  He  died  July  23,  1842, 
in  Northfield,  Mass. 

SWAN,  WILLIAM  B.,  physician,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1864,  in  Paterson, 
N.  J.  In  1892  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Kansas  house  of  representatives 
from  the  Topeka  City  district. 

SWAN,  WILLIAM  DRAPER,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1809,  in  Dor 
chester,  Mass.  He  was  an  educator  and 
bookseller  of  Boston.  He  published  a 
popular  series  of  school  readers;  and  a 
series  of  widely  used  arithmetics.  He 
died  Nov.  2,  1864,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

SWANGER,  FRANCIS  ASBURY,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  May 
3,  1859,  in  Milroy,  Pa.  He  attended  the 
State  Normal  school  of  Kirksville,  Mo., 
and  the  State  university  of  Columbia; 
and  has  had  the  degrees  of  M.  S.  D.  and 
A.  M.  conferred  upon  him.  For  many 
years  he  taught  in  the  district  schools  of 
Sullivan  county,  Mo.,  and  has  been  prin 
cipal  of  schools  in  Greencastle,  Carroll- 
ton,  Lancaster  and  Kirksville.  He  taught 
physics  and  language  in  the  State  Normal 
school  of  Kirksville,  Mo.,  during  1889-91; 
then  taught  mathematics  until  1894;  since 
which  time  he  has  been  president  of  that 
institution  of  learning. 

SWANGER,  JOHN  E.,  lawyer,  educat 
or,  legislator,  was  born  June  22,  1864,  in 
Milan,  Mo.  For  a  number  of  years  he 
taught  school,  was  a  superintendent  of 
public  schools  for  three  years,  and  is  now 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Milan, 
Mo.  In  1892  he  was  elected  to  the  Mis 
souri  state  legislature  and  received  the 
re-election  in  1894. 

SWANK,  JAMES  MOORE,  author,  was 
born  July  12,  1832,  in  Loyalhanna,  Pa. 
He  is  the  general  manager  of  the  Ameri 
can  Iron  and  Steel  association  since  1885, 
and  the  author  of  History  of  the  Depart 
ment  of  Agriculture;  Iron  Making  and 
Coal  Mining  in  Pennsylvania;  and  Iron 
Manufacture  in  All  Ages. 

SWANN,     THOMAS,     lawyer,     banker, 
governor.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in    1805  in  Alexandria,  Va.     He.  was  ap 
pointed   secretary  of 
the  Neapolitan   com- 
jfil^^^  mission,  and  in  1834 

settled  in  Baltimore, 
"    -»•»  Md.  Two  years  after 

ward  he  was  chosen 
*•  a  director  of  the  Bal 

timore  and  Ohio 
Railroad  company, 
I  and  in  1847  was  cho- 
I  sen  president  of  the 
•  same,  which  office  he 
resigned  in  1853.  He 
was  also  president  of 
the  Northwestern  Virginia  Railroad  com 
pany,  disbursing  in  behalf  of  the  two 
roads  about  thirteen  million  dollars.  In 
1856  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Baltimore; 


was  re-elected  in  1858.  He  was  the  orig 
inator  of  the  Druid  Hill  park  in  that 
city.  He  emancipated  his  slaves  before 
the  rebellion,  and  continued  a  union  man 
during  the  war.  In  1863  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  First  National  bank  of 
Baltimore.  In  1864  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Maryland.  In  1866  he  was  elect 
ed  a  senator  in  congress,  but  declined  to 
leave  the  executive  chair.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Mary 
land  to  the  forty-first  congress,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-second,  forty-third, 
forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth  congresses  as 
a  democrat.  He  died  July  24,  1883,  in 
Leesburg,  Va. 

SWANSON,  CLAUDE  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  31,  1862,  in 
Swansonville,  Va.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  national  democratic  convention  of 
1896.  He  was  elected  from  Virginia  to 
the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

SWANW1CK,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
i-ennsylvania  from  1795  to  1798,  but  re 
signed  before  the  expiration  of  his  sec 
ond  term. 

SWART,  PETER,  state  senator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1807  to 
1809;  and  was  a  state  senator  from  1817 
to  1820. 

SWARTHOUT,  SAMUEL,  naval  officer, 
was  born  May  10,  1804,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1820  he  entered  the  navy  as  a 
midshipman;  was  promoted  to  command 
er  in  1855;  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
civil  war.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1867,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

SWARTZ,  JOEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  18,  1827,  in  Shenandoah, 
Va.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergyman,  pastor 
at  Gettysburg  from  1881,  and  the  author 
of  Dreamings  of  the  Waking,  with  Other 
Poems;  and  Lyra  Lutherana. 

SWAYNE,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  10,  1842,  in  New  Castle 
county,  Del.  He  has  served  as  United 
States  district  judge  of  the  northern  dis 
trict  of  Florida,  with  headquarters  at  St. 
Augustine. 

SWAYNE,  NOAH  HAYNES,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  7, 
1804,  in  Culpeper  county,  Va.  In  1829 
he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  Ohio, 
and  in  1830  was  appointed  United  States 
district  attorney  for  Ohio,  holding  that 
position  nine  years,  and  residing  in  Co 
lumbus.  In  1834  he  was  chosen  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas,  but  declined 
the  office,  and  in  1836  was  again  elected 
to  the  state  legislature.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  United  States.  He  died  June  8, 
1884,  in  New  York  city. 

SWAYNE,  WAGER,  soldier,  lawyer, 
was  born  Nov.  10,  1834,  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 
In  1865  he  was  brevetted  a  brigadier-gen 
eral.  He  was  a  successful  lawyer  of  New 
York  city,  and  subsequently  of  Chicago. 

SWEARINGEN,  HENRY,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1839  to  1841. 

SWEARINGEN,  THOMAS  V.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  elected  a  representative  In 
congress  from  Virginia  from  1819  to  1822, 
when  he  died  in  Virginia. 

SWEAT,  LORENZO  I).  M.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  May  26, 
1818,  in  Parsonville,  Maine.  In  1856  and 
1860  he  was  a  city  solicitor  in  Portland, 
Maine;  and  in  1862  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Maine  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    C  F    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


909 


SWEAT,  MRS.  MARGARET  JANE 
(MUZZEY),  author,  was  born  Nov.  28, 
1823,  in  Portland,  Maine.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  Ethel's  Love  Life;  and  Highways 
of  Travel,  or  a  Summer  in  Europe. 

SWEENEY,  W.  N.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  5,  1832,  in  Kentucky. 
In  1868  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  forty-first  congre.ss. 
SWEENEY,  ZACHARY  TAYLOR,  cler 
gyman,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
10,  1849,  in  Liberty,  Ky.  He  received'  his 
=M=^^^^^t^_^  education  in  the  Eu 
reka  and  the  De 
Pauw  universities. 
P  o  r  twenty-four 
years  he  was  pastor 
of  one  of  the  largest 
churches  amoni;  iliv 
religious  people  of 
his  choice,  and  edi 
torially  connected 
with  several  of  his 
denominational  jour 
nals.  He  has  been 
connected  with  But 
ler  university  in  the  capacity  of  chancel 
lor.  He  is  the  author  of  a  book  of  tra 
vel;  has  been  president  of  the  Indiana 
Christian  Sunday-school  convention; 
president  of  the  Indiana  Anti-Liquor 
league;  was  United  States  consul-general 
to  the  Ottoman  Empire  from  1889  to  1891, 
and  was  imperial  Ottoman  commissioner 
to  the  World's  Columbian  exposition. 
He  was  decorated  by  the  Sultan  of  Turkey 
with  the  order  of  the  Osmanieh. 

SWEENY,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1839  to  1843. 

SWEET,  ALEXANDER  EDWIN,  sol 
dier,  journalist,  author,  was  born  March 
28,  1841,  in  St.  John,  N.  B.  He  is  a 
Texas  journalist  who  served  in  the  con 
federate  army,  and  is  the  author  of  Three 
Dozen  Good  Stories  from  Texas  Sittings. 

SWEET,  BENJAMIN  JEFFREY,  sol 
dier,  was  born  April  24,  1832,  in  Kirk- 
land,  N.  Y.  He  served  with  distinction 
through  the  civil  war,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general  He  died  Jan. 
1,  1874,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

SWEET,  ELNATHAN,  civil  engineer, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1837,  in  Chesh 
ire,  Mass.  In  1876-80  he  was  division  en 
gineer  of  New  York  state  canals,  and  he 
was  elected  state  engineer  in  1883,  which 
office  he  held  for  four  years  from  Jan.  1, 
1884.  His  writings  include  annual  re 
ports  that  he  issued  from  Albany  during 
the  years  he  held  office,  and  various  tech 
nical  papers. 

SWEET,  HOMER  DE  LOIS,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1826,  in 
Pompey,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  civil  engineer  of 
Syracuse,  and  the  author  of  The  Averys 
of  Groton,  a  genealogy;  and  Twilight 
Hours  in  the  Adirondacks. 

SWEET,  JOHN  EDSON,  inventor,  me 
chanical  engineer,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1832, 
in  Pompey,  N.  Y.  This  successful  invent 
or  and  manufacturer  is  president  of  the 
American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engin 
eers.  For  many  years  he  was  professor 
of  practical  mechanics  in  Cornell  univer 
sity. 

SWEET,  SYLVESTER  JAMES  PERRY, 
educator,  author,  was  born  April  30,  1853, 
near  Waupun,  Wis.  Since  1891  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Santa  Rosa  Business 
college,  California.  He  is  the  author  of 
Sweet's  Short  Methods  in  Arithmetic; 
Sweet's  Bookkeeping;  Elements  of  Geom 
etry;  Sweet's  System  of  Practical  Pen 
manship;  and  other  works. 

SWEET,  WILLIS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1856,  in  Al- 


burg  Springs,  Vt.  He  was  appointed 
United  States  attorney  for  Idaho  in  1888, 
and  was  appointed  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Idaho  in  1889,  which 
position  he  held  until  the  admission  of 
Idaho  into  the  union.  He  was  elected  to 
the  unexpired  term  of  the  fifty-first  con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  republican. 
SWEETSER,  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Vermont.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Ohio,  from 
1849  to  1853. 

SWEETSER,  CHARLES  HUMPHREYS, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1841, 
in  Athol,  Mass.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
New  York  city  and  subsequently  of  Chi 
cago.  He  was  the  author  of  Songs  of 
Amherst;  History  of  Amherst  College; 
and  Tourist's  and  Invalid's  Guide  to  the 
Northwest.  He  died  Jan.  1,  1871,  in  Palat- 
ka,  Fla. 

SWEETSER,  HENRY  EDWARD,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1837,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1860  he  was  made  night 
editor  of  the  World,  and  in  1863  he  found 
ed,  with  his  brother,  Charles  H.  Sweet- 
ser,  the  Round  Table,  from  which  he 
withdrew  in  1866,  and,  after  a  short  visit 
to  Europe,  returned  to  New  York  and  en 
gaged  in  editorial  work  until  his  death. 
He  died  Feb.  17,  1870,  in  New  York  city. 
SWEETSER,  MOSES  FOSTER,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  22,  1848,  in  Newburyport, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  writer  who  has 
published  Europe  for  Two  Dollars  a  Day; 
Artist  Biographies;  Summer  Days  Down 
East;  Guide-Books  to  New  England,  the 
Middle  States,  the  White  Mountains,  and 
the  Maritime  Provinces;  and  In  Distance 
and  in  Dream,  a  story.  He  died  in  1897. 
SWEETSER,  WILLIAM,  physician,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1797,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  physician  who 
was  professor  of  medicine  at  Bowdoin  col 
lege  in  1845-61,  and  the  author  of  Trea 
tise  on  Consumption;  Digestion  and  Its 
Disorders;  Mental  Hygiene;  and  Human 
Life.  He  died  Oct.  14,  1875,  in  New  York 
city. 

SWENEY,  JOHN  ROBSON,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1837.  in  West 
Chester,  Pa.  He  has  charge  of  the  music 
in  Bethany  Presbyterian  church,  Philadel 
phia.  His  publications  are:  Gems  of 
Praise;  The  Garner;  Joy  to  the  World; 
The  Quiver;  The  Wells  of  Salvation; 
Anthems  and  Voluntaries;  Songs  of  Re 
deeming  Love;  Songs  of  Triumph;  Our 
Sabbath  Home;  Melodious  Sonnets; 
Songs  of  Joy  and  Gladness;  Joyful  Wing; 
Infant  Praises:  Banner  Anthem  Book; 
Glad  Hallelujahs;  and  Showers  of  Bless 
ing. 

SWENEY,    JOSEPH    HENRY,    soldier, 
lawyer,   state   senator,  congressman,   was 
born  Oct.  2,  1845,  in  Warren  county,  Pa. 
He  was  a  sergeant  in 
company  K    twenty- 
seventh         regiment 
Iowa      infantry,      in 
which     company     he 

^BT^^^BW--  ' 

years.  He  was  col 
onel  of  the  sixth  reg 
iment  national  guard 
of  Iowa,  for  four 
years;  and  brigadier 
and  inspector-gene 
ral  of  the  state,  re 
signing  after  his 
election  to  congress.  In  1883  he  was  elect 
ed  state  senator,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1887.  In  1886  he  was,  by  unanimous  votes 
of  republican  and  democratic  senators, 
elected  president  pro  tempore,  and  pre 
sided  over  the  joint  convention  at  the  in 
auguration  of  Governor  Larrabee  and 
Lieutenant-Governor  Hull.  He  was  elect- 


ed  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  republi 
can.  He  now  practices  law  in  Osage, 
Iowa. 

SWENSBERG,  C.  G.,  educator,  soldier, 
journalist,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1835,  in  Ger 
many.  In  1866  he  opened  the  Grand 
Kapids  Commercial  college,  Mich.  He  is 
the  president  of  the  Telegram  Publishing 
company,  and  is  president  of  the  board 
of  public  works  of  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

SWENSSON,  CARL  A.,  clergyman,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  June  25,  1857.  in 
Sugar  Grove,  Pa.  He  has  received  a  thor 
ough  education  in 
the  universities  of 
America  and  Eu 
rope;  and  has  had 
conferred  upon  him 
the  degrees  of  A.  B., 
A.  M.  and  Ph.  D.  In 
1885  he  was  secre 
tary  of  the  general 
council  of  the  evan- 
g  e 1 i  c  a  1  lutheran 
church;  and  presi 
dent  of  the  same  in 
1893-94.  In  1888-89 
he  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  Kansas  state  legislature,  and  since 
1891  has  been  pastor  of  the  Bethany  luth 
eran  church  of  Lindsborg,  Kan.  He  was 
the  founder  of  Bethany  college,  and  pres 
ident  of  that  institution  since  1891.  He 
is  a  distinguished  lecturer;  the  author  of 
.  several  Swedish  works,  and  for  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  century  has  contributed 
to  the  periodical  press. 

SWETT,  JOHN  APPLETON,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1808,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  Diseases  of  the 
Chest.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1854,  in  New 
York  city. 

SWETT,  JOSIAH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  4,  1814,  in  Claremont,  N. 
H.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  long 
prominent  in  Vermont,  and  the  author  of 
English  Grammar;  Pastoral  Visiting; 
Family  Prayer;  and  The  Firmament  in  the 
Midst  of  the  Waters.  He  died  in  1890. 

SWETT,  LEONARD,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1825,  near  Turn 
er,  Maine.  In  1865  he  removed  to  Chica 
go.  In  1852-61  he  took  an  active  part  in 
politics,  canvassing  the  state  several  times 
and  in  1858,  at  the  special  request  of  Mr. 
Lincoln,  was  a  candidate  for  the  leg 
islature  on  the  republican  ticket,  and  was 
elected  by  a  large  majority.  He  delivered 
the  oration  at  the  unveiling  of  the  statue 
of  Abraham  Lincoln  in  Chicago,  111.,  Oct. 
22,  1887.  He  died  June  8,  1889,  in  Chica 
go,  111. 

SWETT,  SAMUEL,  author,  was  born 
June  9,  1782,  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He 
was  a  prominent  citizen  of  Boston  who 
during  the  war  of  1812  served  in  the 
American  army  as  a  topographical  en 
gineer.  He  was  the  author  of  History  and 
Topographical  Sketch  of  Bunker  Hill  Bat 
tle;  Who  was  Commander  at  Bunker  Hill? 
and  Sketches  of  Distinguished  Men  of 
Newbury  and  Newburyport.  He  died  Oct. 
28,  1866,  in  Newburyport,  Mass. 

SWETT,  SOPHIA  MIRIAM,  author, 
was  born  in  186-  in  Maine.  She  is  a  writer 
of  short  stories  and  juvenile  books,  living 
at  Arlington,  Mass.  She  is  the  author  of 
Pennyroyal  and  Mint;  The  Lollipops' 
Vacation:  Captain  Polly;  Flying  Hill 
Farm;  The  Mate  of  the  Mary  Ann;  Cap'n 
Thistletop;  and  The  Ponkaty  Branch 
Road. 

SWETT,  SUSAN  HARTLEY,  author, 
was  born  in  186-  in  Maine.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Arlington,  Mass.,  and  the  author 
of  Field  Clover  and  Beach  Grass,  a  vol 
ume  of  short  stories. 


-910 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


SWETTING,  ERNEST  VOLNEY,  edu- 
•  eator,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1858,  in 
Berlin,  Wis.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city; 
was  engaged  in  educational  work  for  a 
number  of  years;  and  is  now  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  Iowa  of  Algona. 

SWIFT,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
April  5,  1781,  in  Amenia,  N.  Y.  In  1813, 
1814,  1825  and  1826  he  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  general  assembly.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Vermont 
from  1827  to  1831.  In  1833  he  was  elected 
to  the  senate  of  the  United  States  for  six 
years.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1847,  in  St.  Al- 
bans,  Vt. 

SWIFT,  EBENEZER,  soldier,  surgeon, 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1819,  in  Wareham,  Mass. 
In  1865  he  held  the  office  of  medical  di 
rector  with  the  ranks  of  lieutenant-col 
onel  and  colonel.  In  1869  he  received  the 
additional  brevet  of  brigadier-general  for 
meritorious  services  voluntarily  rendered 
during  the  prevalence  of  cholera  at  Fort 
Harker,  Kan.  In  1874  he  became  medical 
-director  of  the  department  of  the  south, 
and  thereafter,  until  his  retirement  on 
Oct.  8,  1883,  he  was  assistant  medical  pur 
veyor  in  New  York  city. 

SWIFT,  GUSTAVUS  FRANKLIN,  pack 
er,  merchant,  was  born  June  24,  1839,  in 
Cape  Cod,  Mass.  Embarking  in  the  busi 
ness  of  packing  in  his  own  name,  he  met 
with  excellent  success,  and  then  em 
barked  in  the  work  of  shipping  fresh 
meats  directly  from  Chicago  to  all  parts 

•  of  the  United  States  and  to  Europe.    The 
firm  of   Swift  and   Company,  now  a  cor 
poration,  organized  in  1885  with  a  capital 

.  of  1300,000,  now  115,000,000. 

SWIFT,  JOHN  LINDSAY,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1828  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  Boston  lawyer  and 
journalist,  deputy  collector  of  the  port 

•  of   Boston  from   1890.      He   is   the   author 
«of  About  Grant. 

SWIFT,  JONATHAN  WILLIAMS,  naval 
officer,  was  born  March  30,  1808,  in  Taun- 
ton,  Mass.  He  entered  the  navy  as  mid 
shipman  in  1823.  He  was  promoted  to 
commodore  on  the  retired  list  in  1867.  He 
died  July  30,  1877,  in  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

SWIFT.  LEWIS,  astronomer,  was  born 
Feb.  29,  1820,  in  Clarkson,  N.  Y.  In  1880 
he  found  a  comet  with  a  period  of  five 
and  a  half  years,  and  in  1881  he  discovered 
two  others.  For  the  former  he  received 
.  a  special  prize  of  $500  from  Mr.  Warner, 
which  is  the  largest  sum  ever  awarded 
for  the  discovery  of  any  heavenly  body. 

SWIFT,  LOUIS  FRANKLIN,  packer, 
was  born  in  1860  in  Cape  Cod,  Mass.  He 
identified  himself  with  the  packing  busi 
ness,  in  which  the  family  have  become 
famous,  and  has  spent  a  portion  of  his 
business  career  in  England  in  the  inter 
est  of  Swift  and  Company. 

SWIFT,  LUCIAN,  journalist,  was  born 
July  14,  1848.  in  Akron,  Ohio.  In  1885  he 
became  manager,  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  Minneapolis  Journal,  which  posi 
tion  he  still  holds. 

SWIFT,  ROBERT,  conchologist,  was 
born  in  1799  in  Philadelphia.  His  col 
lection  of  shells,  said  to  be  the  finest  in 
the  West  Indies,  was  arranged  in  Den 
mark,  and  presented  to  the  Smithsonian 
institution  at  Washington,  D.  C.  The 
collection  was  valued  at  $30,000.  He  died 
May  6,  1872,  in  St.  Thomas,  W.  I. 

SWIFT,    SAMUEL,   lawyer,  Jurist,   au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1782,  in  Amenia, 
'  N.  Y.     He  was  secretary  of  state  of  Ver- 
:mont;  judge  of  probate:  of  'Addison  coun 


ty  from  1819  till  1841;  and  a  judge  of  the 
county  court  in  1855-57.  He  published 
History  of  the  Town  of  Middlebury; 
Statistical  and  Historical  Account  of  the 
County  of  Addison,  Vermont;  and  ad 
dresses.  He  died  in  1875  in  Middlebury, 
Vt. 

SWIFT,  ZEPHANIAH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  in  Feb 
ruary,  1759,  in  Wareham,  Mass.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Connec 
ticut  from  1793  to  1797.  He  was  placed 
on  the  bench  of  the  superior  court  of  the 
state,  where  he  continued  eighteen  years, 
during  the  last  five  years  of  which  he  was 
chief  justice.  He  was  afterward  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature,  and  was  one  of  the 
committee  to  revise  the  statute  laws 
of  the  state.  He  published  several  works; 
among  them  was  a  Digest  of  the  Laws  of 
Connecticut,  on  the  model  of  Blackstone. 
He  died  Sept.  27,  1823,  in  Warren,  Ohio. 

SWIGERT,  PHILIP,  banker,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1798,  in  Fayette 
county,  Ky.  He  was  chiefly  instrumental 
in  the  establishment  of  the  Deposit  bank 
of  Frankfort,  and  upon  its  organization 
he  was  elected  president.  In  1861  he  was 
elected  by  the  Kentucky  legislature,  chair 
man  of  the  state  board  of  internal  im 
provement.  In  1864  he  was  elected  to 
represent  the  counties  of  Franklin,  Wood- 
ford  and  Anderson  in  the  state  senate. 

SWILER,  JOHN  W.,  educator,  was  born 
Dec.  14,  1844,  in  Hoguestown,  Pa.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  Monmouth  col 
lege,  and  the  Bry- 
•  ant  and  Stratton 
Commercial  college, 
from  both  of  which 
institutions  he  grad 
uated  with  honor. 
For  thirteen  years  he 
was  a  teacher  in  the 
Illinois  institution 
for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb;  and  since 
1880  has  been  super 
intendent  of  the 
State  school  for  the 
Deaf  of  Delavan,  Wis.  He  has  contrib 
uted  valuable  articles  to  several  educa 
tional  publications. 

SWINBURNE,  JOHN,  surgeon,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  30,  1820,  in  Deer 
River,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed  surgeon 
by  the  surgeon-general  of  the  United 
States,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  Savage's 
Station.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  health 
officer  of  the  port  of  New  York,  and  was 
reappointed  in  1866.  In  1882  he  was 
elected  mayor  of  Albany,  and  in  1884  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress.  He  died 
March  28,  1889,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

SWINBURNE,  LOUIS  JUDSON,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1855,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  Colorado  writer  who  was  in 
Paris  during  the  siege  of  1871,  and  pub 
lished  a  volume  of  observations  on  the 
subject  entitled  Paris  Sketches.  He  died 
Dec.  9,  1887,  in  Colorado  Springs,  Col. 

SWING,  DAVID,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1830,  in  Cincinnati. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Chi 
cago,  tried  for  heresy  in  1874,  and  ac 
quitted,  subsequently  pastor  of  the  Cen 
tral  church  there  until  his  death.  He 
was  the  author  of  Sermons;  Club  Essays; 
Truths  for  To-Day;  Motives  of  Life;  and 
Old  Pictures  of  Life,  a  collection  of 
essays.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1894,  in  Chicago 
111. 

SWING,  PHILIP  B..  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  'Ohio.  He  resided  at  Batavia, 


Ohio,  whence  he  was,  in  1871,  appointed 
United  States  judge  for  the  southern  dis 
trict  of  Ohio. 

SW1NK,  GEORGE  W.,  farmer,  state 
senator,  was  born  June  1,  1836,  in  Breck- 
inridge  county,  Ky.  During  1875-84  he 
was  postmaster  at  Rocky  Ford,  Col.;  was 
elected  to  the  Colorado  state  senate  in 
1892,  and  received  the  re-election  in  1896. 
He  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  or 
ganization  of  several  irrigating  companies 
and  helped  to  build  several  large  canals 
in  the  interests  of  his  county. 

SWINTON,  JOHN,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  12,  1830,  in  Scotland.  He 
is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city  whose 
principal  work  is  John  Swinton's  Travels. 

SWINTON,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  April  23,  1833,  in 
Scotland.  He  was  a  journalist  and  edu 
cator,  long  prominent  in  New  York  city, 
and  was  the  author  of  Rambles  Among 
Words;  Twelve  Decisive  Battles  of  the 
War;  Campaigns  of  the  Army  of  the  Po 
tomac;  The  Times's  Review  of  McClel- 
lan;  History  of  the  New  York  Seventh 
Regiment;  Word  Analysis;  Bible  Word 
Book;  and  Studies  in  English  Literature. 
He  died  Oct.  24,  1892,  in  New  York. 

SWISHER,  MRS.  BELLA  (FRENCH), 
was  born  in  1837  in  Georgia.  She  was  a 
writer  who  resided  in  Texas  from  1877, 
and  the  author  of  Struggling  up  to  the 
Light,  a  novel;  Rocks  and  Shoals;  Flo- 
recita,  a  romance;  History  of  Brown 
County,  Wisconsin;  Cassie;  Homeless 
Though  at  Home;  and  The  Story  of  a  Wo 
man's  Love.  She  died  in  1894. 

SWISSHELM,  MRS.  JANE  GRAY 
(CANNON),  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  6,  1815,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  She  was 
a  journalist  of  Pittsburg,  and  subsequent 
ly  of  at.  Cloud,  Minn.,  prominent  as  an 
abolitionist.  She  was  the  author  of  Let 
ters  to  Country  Girls;  and  Half  a  Cen 
tury,  an  autobiography.  She  died  July 
22,  1884,  in  Swissvale,  Pa. 

SWITZER,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
clergyman,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1854,  in  Tip- 
pecanoe  county,  Ind.  He  graduated  from 
the  De  Pauw  university  of  Greencastle, 
Ind.;  and  has  gained  distinction  as  one 
of  the  leading  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church.  In  1881  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  international  Young  Men's 
Christian  association  held  in  London, 
England;  and  in  1897  was  vice-president 
of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  association 
of  Indiana.  He  is  a  popular  clergyman  of 
Indiana,  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Craw- 
fordsville,  Brazil  and  West  Lafayette,  in 
that  state. 

SWITZER,    LUCY    ROBINS    MESSER, 
temperance  worker,  was  born   March  28, 
1844,   in   Lowell,  Mass.     She  has  become 
prominent       as        a 
worker  in  the  Wom 
an's     Foreign     Mis 
sionary    society    and 
the  Woman's  Chris- 
«. '  t  i  a  n       Temperance 

union,  and  has  writ 
ten  extensively  on 
those  subjects.  She 
has  traveled  thou 
sands  of  miles  in  the 
work,  and  has  at 
tended  national  con 
ventions  in  Detroit, 
Philadelphia,  Minneapolis,  Nashville,  New 
York,  Chicago,  Boston,  and  Washington, 
D.  C.  For  ten  years  she  has  been  ter 
ritorial  and  state  president  of  the  Wom 
an's  Christian  Temperance  union  at 
Cheney,  Wash. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


911 


SWITZLER,  WILLIAM  F.,  journalist, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  March  16, 
1819,  in  Fayette  county,  Ky.  He  has  been 
a  representative  sev 
eral  times  in  the 
Missouri  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  two 
conventions  of  1865 
and  1875  to  form  the 
constitutions  of  the 
state.  He  was  chief 
of  the  bureau  of  sta 
tistics,  treasury  de 
partment,  during 
President  Cleve 
land's  first  term.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-first  congress.  In 
1841  he  began  editorial  work,  and  in  1843 
established  the  Missouri  Statesman,  which 
he  published  and  edited  for  forty-two 
years;  and  in  1893  became  the  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Democrat  of  Boonville.  He 
is  the  author  of  Switzler's  Illustrated  His 
tory  of  Missouri;  is  a  political  speaker  of 
wide  reputation;  and  a  magazine  writer 
of  national  fame. 

SWOOPE,  JACOB,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1809  to  1811. 

SWOPE,  JOHN  A.,  merchant,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1827,  in 
Gettysburg,  Pa.  In  1882  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

SWORD,  JAMES  BRADE,  painter,  was 
born  Oct.  11,  1839,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Philadelphia 
Society  of  Artists  since  1878,  and  di 
rector  of  the  Art  club  since  1887. 

SWROPE,  SAMUEL  F.,  congressman, 
•was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1855  to  1857. 

SYKES,  EDWARD  TURNER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  March  15, 
1839,  in  Decatur,  Ala.  In  1858  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  university  of  North  Caro 
lina;  and  in  law  from  the  university  of 
Mississippi  in  1860.  In  1861-62  he  was  ad 
jutant  of  and  captain  in  the  tenth  Mis 
sissippi  infantry  regiment,  confederate 
service.  In  1862-64  he  was  A.  A.  general  of 
Wathall's  brigade  of  infantry;  and  in 
1864-65  filled  the  same  position  in  Jack 
son's  cavalry  division.  During  1884-88  he 
served  with  distinction  as  a  state  senator 
in  the  Mississippi  legislature.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  south  at 
Columbus,  Miss.,  where  he  has  held  high 
positions  of  honor  in  the  United  Confed 
erate  Veterans,  and  since  1894  has  been 
adjutant-general  and  chief  of  staff,  with 
rank  of  brigadier-general,  department 
east  of  the  Mississippi,  United  Confed 
erate  Veterans. 

SYKES,  GEORGE,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  9,  1822,  in  Dover,  Del.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1843  to 
1847.  He  was  a  suc 
cessful  speaker;  and 
while  in  congress 
took  an  active  part 
in  various  debates. 
He  also  served  on  a 
number  of  the  most 
important  commit 
tees;  and  was  an 
ardent  supporter  of 
all  measures  that 
tended  to  the  ad 
vancement  of  the  in 
dustrial  progress  of  his  state.  He  also 
contributed  valuable  articles  to  the  lead 
ing  newspapers  and  magazines.  He  died 
Feb.  9,  188ft,  in  Brownsville,  Texas. 


SYKES,  HENRY  B.,  merchant,  public 
official,  was  born  March  18,  1844,  in  Dor 
set,  Vt.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Burr  and  Burton  seminary  of  Man- 
cuester,  Vt. ;  and  at  Eastman  s  business 
college  of  foughkeepsie,  N.  X.  for  two 
years  he  was  assistant  cashier  of  the 
First  National  bank  of  Belvidere,  lu.; 
tor  sixteen  years  was  a  member  of  ihe 
ury  goods  firm  of  Sabme  and  sykes  of 
Beividere,  111.;  and  for  fourteen  years 
has  been  principal  owner  of  the  dry  goods 
nrm  of  H.  B.  SyKes  and  Company  ot  EIK- 
tiart,  ind.  In  1S94  he  was  elected  mayor 
of  naKhart,  Ind.;  and  has  tilled  numer 
ous  ocher  public  positions  of  honor. 

SYKES,  JAMES,  physician,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  27,  1761,  in  Dover, 
Del.  tie  was  a  delegate  from  Delaware 
10  the  continental  congress  from  1777  to 
1T<«.  He  died  Oct.  Is,  1822,  in  Dover,  Del. 

SYLVESTER,  HERBERT  MIL'iON, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1849,  in 
Lowell,  Mass.  He  is  a  Boston  lawyer 
who  has  published  two  volumes  of  sym 
pathetic  nature  studies;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  Prose  Pastorals;  and  Homestead 
Highways. 

SILVESTER,  NATwANIEL  BART- 
LETT,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22, 
1825,  in  Denmark,  N.  V.  He  is  a  lawyer 
of  Troy,  N.  y.;  and  the  author  of  Histor 
ical  Sketches  of  Northern  New  York;  His 
tory  of  the  Connecticut  Valley  of  Massa 
chusetts;  Indian  Legends  of  Saratoga; 
Historical  Narratives  of  the  Upper  Hud 
son;  and  Histories  of  Saratoga,  Kens- 
selaer,  and  Ulster  Counties,  N.  Y. 

SYMES,  GEORGE  G.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  April  28, 
184U,  in  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  in  1862 
he  raised  a  volunteer  company  and  re- 
entered  the  service  as  adjutant  of  the 
twenty-fifth  regiment  of  Wisconsin  vol 
unteers.  He  was  promoted  colonel  of  the 
forty-fourth  Wisconsin  regiment.  In  1869 
he  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Montana.  In  1874 
he  moved  to  Denver,  Colo.,  where  he  con 
tinued  to  practice  law;  and  in  1884  was 
elected  the  representative  from  Colorado 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

SYMMES,  JOHN  CLEVES,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  July  21,  1742, 
in  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  from  Dela 
ware  in  1785  and  1786;  was  a  judge  of 
the  superior  court  of  New  Jersey;  and 
was  afterward  chief  justice  of  New  Jer 
sey.  In  1788  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  northwest  territory,  and  was  founder 
oi  the  settlements  in  the  Miami  country. 
He  died  Feb.  26,  1814,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

SYMMES,  JOHN  CLEVES,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1780  in  New  Jersey. 
He  was  a  soldier  of  Newport,  Ky.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  Theory  of  Concentric 
Spheres,  an  attempt  to  prove  that  the 
earth  is  hollow,  open  at  the  poles,  and 
habitable  in  the  interior.  He  died  May  28, 
1829,  in  Hamilton,  Ohio. 

SYMONDS,  JOSEPH  WHITE,  .lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Sept.  1841,  in  Portland. 
He  has  been  city  solicitor,  judge  of  the 
superior  court  of  Portland,  Maine;  and 
is  now  one  of  the  justices  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Maine. 

SYPHER,  J.  HALE,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  22,  1837,  in 
Perry  county,  Pa.  He  received  a  liberal 
education,  graduated  from  the  Alfred  uni 
versity  in  1859,  and  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  soldier  in  the  first  regiment  Ohio 
Light  artillery  and  served  through  the 


war.  He  was  promoted  to  first  lieuten 
ant,  captain  and  colonel,  and  brevetted 
brigadier-general  of  the  United  States  vol 
unteers  for  faithful  and  meritorious  ser 
vices  during  the  war.  He  served  eight 
years  as  a  representative  in  congress  in 
the  fortieth,  forty-first,  forty-second  and 
forty-third  congresses;  and  advocated 
amnesty,  internal  improvements  and  pro 
tection.  He  has  a  large  practice  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

SYPHER,  JOSIAH  R.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  was  born  April  12,  1832,  in  Liverpool, 
Pa.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools;  attend 
ed  the  Alfred  academy;  and  in  1858  grad 
uated  from  Union  college.  He  was  war 
correspondent  of  the  New  York  Tribune, 
and  for  several  years  associate  editor  of 
that  publication;  was  editor  of  the  State 
Journal  of  Harrisburg,  Pa.;  and  is  now 
a  prominent  lawyer  of  Philadelphia.  He 
is  the  author  of  History  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Reserve  Corps;  School  History  of 
Pennsylvania;  The  Art  of  Teaching 
School;  and  School  History  of  New  Jer 
sey. 

SZABAD,  EMERIC,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  in  1822  in  Hungary.  He  was  a  soldier 
under  Garibaldi  who  came  to  America  in 
1861,  and  served  in  the  federal  army.  He 
is  the  author  of  Hungary  Past  and  Pres 
ent;  State  Policy  of  Modern  Europe;  and 
Modern  War:  Its  Theory  and  Practice. 

TAbB,  JOHN  BANISTER,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1845  in 
Maryland.  He  is  a  Roman  catholic  cler 
gyman  and-  educator;  and  professor  of 
English  literature  in  St.  Charles'  college 
of  Ellicott  City,  Md.  He  is  the  author  of 
Poems;  Lyrics;  and  An  Octave  to  Mary. 

TABER,  CHARLES  A.  M.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  April  3,  1824,  in  Rochester, 
Mass.  He  has  published  Essays  on  Pre 
vailing  Winds,  Ocean  Currents,  and  Frigid 
Periods.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  poems  entitled  Rhymes  from  a  Sailor's 
Journal. 

TABER,  STEPHEN,  farmer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Dover, 
N.  Y.  In  1860  and  1861  he  was  elected 
to  the  New  York  state  legislature.  In 
1864  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth 
congress. 

TABER,  THOMAS,  agriculturist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May 
19,  1785,  in  New  York.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  legislature  in  1826; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1827  to  1829.  He  died 
March  21,  1862. 

TABOR,  CHARLES  FRANKLIN,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  June  28,  1841, 
in  St.  Joseph  county,  Mich.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools;  at  Clar 
ence  academy  of  Erie 
county,  N.  Y. ;  and 
the  Lima  seminary 
of  Genesee  county, 
N.  Y.  In  1863  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
where  he  has  at 
tained  an  enviable 
reputation  as  one  of 
the  leading  lawyers 
of  that  state.  In  1876-77  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  New  York 
state  assembly;  and  during  1888-91  was 
attorney-general  for  the  state  of  New 
York.  He  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  public  affairs;  and  is  a  prominent 
member  of  various  fraternal  orders. 


912 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


TABOR,  HORACE  AUSTIN  WARNER, 
miner,  merchant,  lieutenant-governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  26, 
1830,  in  Orleans 
county,  Vt.  In  1857 
he  became  a  member 
of  the  Topeka  legis 
lature,  Kan.;  and  in 
1859  moved  to  Den 
ver,  Colo.,  and  a 
year  later  to  Lead- 
vine.  He  was  there 
engaged  in  mining 
until  1865,  and  dur 
ing  1865-78  was  also 
engaged  in  mercan 
tile  life.  He  was 
postmaster  of  that  city;  twice  its  mayor; 
was  president  of  the  Leadville  Improve 
ment  company;  established  and  man 
aged  the  Leadville  bank;  and  became 
lieutenant-governor  of  Colorado.  In  1883 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
for  the  short  term  and  has  filled  many  po 
sitions  of  honor  in  the  republican  party; 
and  is  the  permanent  chairman  of  that 
party.  In  1897  he  was  appointed  post 
master  of  Denver. 

TABOR,  STEPHEN  J.  W.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  5, 
1815,  in  Corinth,  Vt.  He  moved  to  Iowa, 
and  published  a  paper  called  the  Civilian. 
He  served  several  years  as  a  county  judge, 
and  also  as  county  treasurer  and  re 
corder.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  fourth 
auditor  of  the  treasury. 

TAFEL,     GUSTAV,    soldier,     educator, 

journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  in  Germany. 

He  served  with  distinction  throughout  the 
civil  war.  For  many 
years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  journalistic 
work;  became  a 
noted  lawyer  of  Cin 
cinnati;  and  mayor 
of  that  city.  He  has 
contributed  a  num 
ber  of  valuable  arti 
cles  on  economical 
questions  and  edu 
cational  matters  to 
the  leading  newspa- 
ers  and  magazines  of 

the  United  States;    and  various  articles  to 

law  literature. 

TAFEL,  JOHANN  FRIEDRICH  LEON- 
HARD,  educator,  author.  He  is  a  Ger 
man  educator  who  removed  to  the  United 
States  in  1853,  and  lived  in  St.  Louis.  He 
was  the  author  of  Staat  und  Christen- 
thum;  Der  Christ  und  der  Atheist;  and 
A  German-English  aud  English-German 
Pocket  Dictionary. 

TAFEL,  RUDOLPH  LEONHARD,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
24,  1831,  in  Germany.  He  was  formerly  an 
educator  of  St.  Louis,  but  since  1868  a 
Swedenborgian  minister  in  London,  Eng 
land.  He  is  the  author  of  Emanuel  Swe- 
denborg  as  Philosopher  and  Man;  Our 
Heavenward  Journey;  Authority  in  the 
New  Cnurch;  The  Preaching  Gift;  and 
Investigation  as  to  the  Laws  of  English 
Pronunciation  and  Prosody. 

TAFFE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legislat 
or,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1827, 
in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  was  elected  to 
the  territorial  legislature  in  1858  and 
1859.  In  1860  he  was  elected  to  the  coun 
cil;  and  in  the  winter  of  1861  was  made 
president  of  that  body.  In  1862  he  raised 
a  regiment  of  cavalry  for  service  against 
the  Indians,  and  was  made  a  major.  In 
1866  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
the  new  state  of  Nebraska  to  the  fortieth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
first  and  forty-second  congresses  as  a  re 
publican.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  secre 
tary  of  Colorado. 


f  AFT,  ALPHONSO,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Nov.  5,  1810,  in  Townsend,  Vt.  In 
1866  he  was  appointed  to  fill  a  vacancy 
on  the  bench  of  the  superior  court  of 
Cincinnati;  was  elected  to  that  position, 
and  was  re-elected  by  the  unanimous  vote 
of  both  political  parties.  In  1876  he  was 
appointed  secretary  of  war;  and  in  the 
same  year  became  attorney-general  of 
the  United  States.  In  1882  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  minister  to  Austria. 
He  died  May  21,  1891,  in  San  Diego,  Cal. 

TAFT,  CHARLES  P.,  journalist,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  21,  1843,  in  Cincinnati.  He 
graduated  from  the 
Columbia  College 
Law  school  of  New 
York  in  the  spring 
of  1866;  in  the  fall 
of  1866  he  went  to 
Germany,  and  took  a 
degree  at  the  univer 
sity  of  Heidelberg  in 
the  spring  of  1868. 
In  1871  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the 
house  of  representa 
tives  of  the  general 
assembly  of  Ohio.  Since  1879  he  has  been 
in  the  newspaper  business  and  is  the 
editor  of  the  Cincinnati  Times-Star.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  board  of  sinking-fund 
trustees  of  the  city  of  Cincinnati,  rie  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

TAFT,  LORADO,  sculptor,  educator, 
was  born  April  29,  1860,  in  Elmwood,  111. 
He  has  executed  several  busts  and  me 
dallions,  a  statue  of  Schuyler  Colfax, 
which  was  unveiled  in  Indianapolis  in 
1888,  and  reliefs  for  Michigan  regimental 
monuments  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 
He  is  instructor  in  sculpture  at  the  Chi 
cago  Art  institute. 

TAFT,  RUSSELL  SMITH,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28, 
1835,  in  Williston,  Vt.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Burling 
ton,  Vt.;  and  has 
filled  numerous  mu 
nicipal  positions  of 
honor.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the 
Vermont  house  of 
representatives  and 
also  of  the  state  sen 
ate;  and  was  presid 
ing  officer  in  both 
houses.  He  has  been 
city  and  state's  at 
torney,  and  filled  the 
office  of  lieutenant-governor  of  Vermont. 
Since  1880  he  has  been  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Vermont.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  sketch  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Vermont,  and  a  Judicial  History  of  Ver 
mont. 

TAGGART,  DAVID  ARTHUR,  legislat 
or,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1852,  in  Goffstown, 
N.  H.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  New  Hampshire  state  sen 
ate  in  1889,  and  was  made  president  of 
that  booy. 

TAUGART,  MOSES,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Aug.  21,  1799,  in  Colerain,  Mass.  He 
practiced  law  for  fifty-five  years,  principal 
ly  in  Batavia,  N.  Y.  He  held  the  office  of 
county  judge  and  surrogate,  district  at 
torney,  and  was  a  justice  of  the  supreme 
court;  and  by  virtue  of  his  position  held 
a  place  in  the  court  of  appeals  for  several 
years.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1883. 

TAGGART,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  24,  1754,  in 
Ixmdonderry,  N.  H.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts,  serving  from  1803  to  1817.  He 
died  April  25,  1825,  in  Colerain,  Mass. 


'1AGGART,  WILLIAM  MARCUS,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1852,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  the  owner  and  editor  of 
the  Taggart  Times.  It  is  the  only  paper 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  which  has  remained 
in  the  same  family  for  three  generations. 

TAGLIABUE,  GIUSEPPE,  instrument- 
maker,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1812,  in  Italy. 
He  settled  in  New  York  in  1833,  and  soon 
acquired  the  reputation  of  being  one  of 
the  most  competent  instrument-makers  in 
this  country.  His  hydrometer  for  the 
proving  of  whisky  was  adopted  by  the 
Uniteu  States  internal  revenue  depart 
ment  in  preference  to  all  others,  and  he 
made  instruments  for  the  United  States 
coast  survey.  He  died  May  7,  1878,  in 
Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

TAINTER,  ANDREW,  lumberman,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  July  6,  1823,  in 
Salina,  N.  Y.  In  1832  he  moved  west  to 
Prairie  du  Chien, 
Wis.;  and  in  1895 
moved  to  Chippewa 
Falls,  Wis.  He  has 
attained  success  in 
the  lumber  business; 
and  commanded  the 
first  steam  bo  at 
which  was  used  by 
his  firm  on  the  Chip 
pewa  river.  He  pre 
sented  to  the  city  of 
Menominee  a  public 
library  and  Memori 
al  hall,  which  is  the  chief  ornament  of 
that  city.  Commencing  fifty  years  ago 
with  no  capital,  he  now  owns  controlling 
interests  in  the  largest  lumber  mills  of 
Wisconsin,  and  is  the  wealthiest  man  in 
the  Chippewa  valley. 

TAIT,  ARTHUR  FITZWILLIAM,  art 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1819,  in  England.  He 
was  elected  in  1859  to  the  National  acad 
emy.  He  has  gained  a  national  reputation 
as  an  artist  and  always  paints  from  na 
ture.  Many  of  his  works  have  been  litho 
graphed  or  engraved. 

TAIT,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  1768  in  Louisa 
county,  Va.  He  was  for  several  years  a 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Georgia; 
and  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1809  to  1819.  In  1819  he  moved 
to  Alabama;  and  was  appointed  a  judge  of 
the  district  court.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1835,  in 
vvilcox  county,  Ala. 

TAIT,  JOHN  ROBINSON,  artist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1834,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio.  For  awhile  he  edited  The 
Stylus  of  Bethany,  Va.  He  is  the  author 
of  Life,  Legend  and  Landscape;  and  a 
volume  of  Poems. 

TALBERT,  W.  JASPER,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1846 
in  Edgefield  county,  S.  C.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  to  the  South  Carolina  legislature, 
and  re-elected  in  1882;  and  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate  in  1884.  He  was  chosen 
superintendent  of  the  state  penitentiary, 
which  position  he  held  when  elected  to 
congress.  He  has  held  various  positions 
in  the  Farmers'  Alliance  and  helped 
formulate  the  Ocala  demands.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and 
fifty-fifth  congresses. 

TALBOT,  CHARLES  REMINGTON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1851.  He 
was  a  writer  of  juvenile  books  who  was 
an  episcopal  clergyman  at  Wrentham, 
Mass.  He  was  the  author  of  Honor 
Bright;  Miltiades  Peterkin  Paul:  Royal 
Louise;  Romulus  and  Remus,  a  dog  story; 
A  Midshipman  at  Large;  The  Imposter; 
and  A  Romance  of  the  Revolution.  He 
died  in  1891. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


913 


TALBOT,  ETHELBERT,  bishop  of 
Wyoming  and  Idaho,  was  born  Oct.  9, 
1848,  in  Fayette,  Mo.  He  was  consecrated 
on  May  27,  1887,  missionary  bishop  of 
Wyoming  and  Idaho. 

TALBOT,  FREEMAN,  public  official, 
legislator,  poet,  was  born  April  5,  1811,  in 
Ireland.  He  has  filled  numerous  public 
positions  of  trust;  during  1871-72  he 
served  with  distinction  in  the  Minnesota 
state  legislature  as  a  senator  from  Le 
Sueur  county,  and  for  five  years  after 
ward  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  in 
sane.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
poems  which  have  appeared  in  the  period 
ical  press;  and  some  of  his  productions 
have  been  given  a  place  in  Poets  of  Amer 
ica  and  other  standard  works. 

TALBOT,  HENRY  PAUL,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1864  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  an  associate  professor  of  analytical 
chemistry  in  the  Massachusetts  institute 
of  Technology;  and  the  author  of  An 
Introductory  Course  of  Quantitative 
Chemical  analysis. 

TALBOT,  ISHAM,  lawyer,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1773  in  Bedford 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  senate  from  1812  to  1815.  From 
1815  to  1819  he  was  a  member  of  the 
United  States  senate;  and  for  a  second 
term  from  1820  to  1825.  He  died  Sept.  27, 
1837,  near  Frankfort,  Ky. 

TALBOT,  J.  FRED  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  July  29,  1843,  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  Baltimore  county,  Md.,  from 
1871  to  1875.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Maryland  to  the  forty-sixth, 
forty-seventh,  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses. 

TALBOT,  JOSEPH  CRUIKSHANK, 
bishop,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1816,  in  Alex 
andria,  Va.  In  1853  he  became  rector  of 
Christ  church  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  which 
post  he  held  until  he  was  elected  to  the 
episcopate.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1883,  in 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 

TALBOT,  MATHEW,  state  senator, 
governor,  was  born  in  1767  in  Virginia. 
He  frequently  served  in  the  Georgia  state 
legislature;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
constitutional  convention  of  Georgia. 
He  was  for  many  years  in  the  state  sen 
ate,  and  officiated  as  president  of  that 
body;  and  was  acting  governor  of  the 
state  in  1819.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1827,  in 
Wilkes  county,  Va. 

TALBOT,  SAMSON,  college  president, 
was  born  June  28,  1828,  in  Urbana,  Ohio. 
In  1863  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
Denison  university,  resigning  in  1873.  He 
died  June  10,  1873. 

TALBOT,  SILAS,  naval  officer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  in  1751  in  Dighton, 
Mass.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1793  to  1794, 
when  he  was  appointed  captain  in  the 
navy.  He  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  state  assembly  from  Montgomery 
county.  He  died  June  30,  1813,  in  New 
York  city. 

TALBOT,  THOMAS,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  governor,  was  born  Sept. 
7,  1818,  in  Cambridge,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  Massachusetts  leg 
islature  for  a  number  of  years;  and  was 
a  member  of  the  governor's  council  for 
five  years.  In  1872  he  was  elected  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Massachusetts;  and 
in  1878  was  elected  governor  of  Massa 
chusetts.  He  died  Oct.  6,  1886,  in  Lowell, 
Mass. 

TALBOTT,  ALBERT  G.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  to  the 
thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  congresses. 

58 


TALBOTT,  J.  FREDERICK  C.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  July  29, 
1843,  in  Lutherville,  Md.  He  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Baltimore  county 
in  1871  for  the  term  of  four  years;  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses.  He 
was  appointed  insurance  commissioner  of 
the  state  of  Maryland  in  1889,  and  resigned 
the  position  in  1893,  having  been  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

TALCOTT,  JOHN  BUTLER,  manufac 
turer,  banker,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1824,  in 
Enfield,  Conn.  For  two  terms  he  was 
mayor  of  New  Britain,  Conn.;  and  is  now 
president  of  the  Mechanics'  National 
bank;  president  American  Hosiery  com 
pany;  and  president  of  the  New  Britain 
Knitting  company. 

TALCOTT,  JOSEPH,  governor,  was 
born  Nov.  16,  1669,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  In 
1724  he  was  made  governor  of  Connecti 
cut,  serving  until  his  death,  and  he  was 
the  first  native  of  Connecticut  to  hold 
this  office.  He  died  Oct.  11,  1741,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn. 

TALCOTT,  SEBASTIAN  VISSCHER, 
civil  engineer,  surveyor,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  24,  1812,  in  New  York  city,  N.  Y. 
On  the  election  of 'Horatio  Seymour  as 
governor  of  New  York  in  1862,  Talcott 
was  appointed  by  him  quartermaster-gen 
eral  of  the  state,  with  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general,  and  served  through  the  ad 
ministration.  He  compiled  and  published 
The  Talcott  Pedigree;  and  Genealogical 
Notes  of  New  York  and  New  England 
Families. 

TALIAFERRO,  BENJAMIN,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1750  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Georgia  from  1799  to  1802.  He  died  Sept. 
3,  1821,  in  Wilkes  county,  Ga. 

TALIAFERRO,  JOHN,  librarian,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1768  in  Spottsyl- 
vania,  Va.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Virginia  from  1801  to  1803, 
from  1811  to  1813,  from  1824  to  1831,  and 
from  1835  to  1843.  In  1805  and  1821  he  was 
a  presidential  elector;  and  for  three  years 
before  his  death  was  librarian  of  the 
treasury  department  in  Washington.  He 
died  Aug.  12,  1853,  in  Hagley,  Va. 

TALLMADGE,  BENJAMIN,  soldier, 
merchant,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
25,  175*,  in  Brookhaven,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  Washington's  military  family, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  general.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1801  to  1817.  He  died 
March  7,  1835,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 

TALLMADGE,  FREDERICK  AUGUS 
TUS,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 
29,  1792.  In  1836  he  was  elected  an  alder 
man  of  New  York  city,  and  also  a  state 
senator;  and  was  subsequently  for  five 
years  recorder  of  the  city.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  in  the  thir 
tieth  congress;  was  again  recorder  for 
three  years;  and  in  1857  was  appointed 
general  superintendent  of  the  metropoli 
tan  police. 

TALLMADGE,  JAMES,  soldier,  bank 
er,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
28,  1778,  in  Stanford,  N.  Y.  From  1817  to 
1819  he  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York;  and  in  1823  was  elected 
to  the  assembly  from  Dutchess  county. 
From  1825  to  1828  he  was  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  under  General  Clinton.  During  the 
last  twenty  years  of  his  life  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  American  institute  in  New 
York.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
university  of  New  York,  and  was  presi 
dent  of  the  council.  He  died  Sept.  29, 
1853,  in  New  York  city. 


TALLMADGE,  MATTHIAS  BURNET, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1774  in  New 
York.  In  1805  he  was  appointed  United 
States  judge  for  the  northern  district  of 
New  York.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1819,  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y. 

TALLMADGE,  NATHANIEL  PITCH 
ER,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  governor, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Feb.  8,  1795,  in  Chatham,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of 
New  York  in  1828;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  from  1830  to  1833.  He 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1833  to  1844;  and  was  subsequently 
appointed  territorial  governor  of  Wiscon 
sin.  He  died  Nov.  2,  1864,  in  Battle  Creek, 
Mich. 

TALLMAN,  PELEG,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  24,  1764,  in 
Tiverton,  R.  I.  He  became  commander  of 
a  merchant  vessel;  and  after  following 
a  seafaring  life  for  many  years,  devoted 
himself  to  the  business  of  a  merchant, 
and  acquired  a  large  fortune.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1811  to  1813.  He  died 
March  12,  1840,  in  Bath,  Maine. 

TALMAGE,  JAMES  EDWARD,  educat 
or,  college  president,  geologist,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  21,  1862,  in  Hungerford, 
Berkshire,  England. 
He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  English 
national  schools;  at 
tended  the  Brigham 
Young  academy  dur 
ing  1876-82;  the  Le- 
high  university  in 
1882-83;  and  the 
Johns  Hopkins  uni 
versity  in  1883-84.  In 
1882-84  he  was  an  in 
structor  in  the  Brig- 
ham  Young  academy;  and  during  1884-88 
was  professor  of  natural  science  in  the 
same  institution.  During  1888-92  he  was 
principal  of  the  Latter-Day  Saints  col 
lege  of  Salt  Lake  City;  and  since  1890  has 
been  curator  of  the  Deseret  museum.  In 
1892-93  he  was  professor  of  biology  in 
the  university  of  Utah;  and  since  1893 
has  been  professor  of  geology  and  presi 
dent  of  that  institution.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  two  text  books  entitled  First  Book 
of  Nature,  and  Domestic  Science,  both  of 
which  have  been  adopted  in  the  public 
schools  of  Utah;  and  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  periodical  literature. 

TALMAGE,  JOHN  VAN  NEST,  mis 
sionary,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1819,  in  Somer- 
ville,  N.  J.  Since  1846  he  has  been  a  mis 
sionary  of  the  reformed  church  in  China. 
He  has  translated  several  books  of  the 
Bible  into  the  Amoy  colloquial  dialect, 
and  is  the  author  of  a  Chinese-English 
Dictionary. 

TALMAGE,  SAMUEL  KENNEDY,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1798  in  Somer- 
ville,  N.  J.  From  1838  till  1841  he  was 
professor  of  ancient  languages  at  Ogle- 
thorpe  university,  of  which  he  was  presi 
dent  from  1841  until  his  death.  He  con 
tributed  to  the  Southern  Presbyterian 
Review,  and  published  several  sermons 
and  addresses.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1865,  in 
Midway,  Ga. 

TALMAGE,  THOMAS  DE  WITT,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1832,  in 
Bound  Brook,  N.  J.  He  was  a  presbyteri- 
an  clergyman  of  Brooklyn  in  1869-94,  and 
subsequently  of  New  York,  widely  known 
as  a  preacher.  He  is  the  author  of 
Crumbs  Swept  Up;  Sermons;  From 
Manger  to  Throne;  Sports  that  Kill;  So 
cial  Dynamite;  The  Pathway  of  Life; 
The  Marriage  Ring;  Old  Wells  Dug  Out; 
Everyday  Religion;  Sundown;  and  Fish 
ing  Too  Near  Shore. 


814 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


TALMAN,  JOHN,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  July  30,  1851,  in  Perinton,  N.  Y.  He 
is  a  successful  journalist  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.;  where  he  is  on  the  editorial  staff 
of  the  St.  Paul  Pioneer  Press.  He  has 
contributed  extensively  to  current  litera 
ture;  and  is  the  author  of  a  number 
of  meritorious  poems. 

TANEY,  ROGER  BROOKE,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  was  born  March  17,  1777, 
in  Calvert  county,  Md.  In  1801  he  was 
elected  to  the  Mary- 
~  land  state  assembly 
and  settled  in  Fred 
erick;  and  subse 
quently  served  four 
years  in  the  state 
senate.  He  removed 
to  Baltimore  in  1822; 
in  1827  was  chosen 
attorney-general  of 
Maryland;  and  in 
1831  was  appointed 
attorney-general  o  t 
the  United  States  in 
President  Jackson's  cabinet.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States,  but  was  again  rejected 
by  the  senate;  and  in  1836  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  Oct.  12,  1864,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

TANEYHILL,  RICHARD  HENRY,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  June  30, 
1822,  in  Calvert  county,  Md.  He  is  a 
prominent  lawyer  of  Barnesville,  Ohio, 
where  he  has  been  mayor  and  justice  of 
the  peace  for  two  terms.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  work  entitled  Leatherwood  God; 
Life  of  Logan,  the  Mingo  Chief;  and 
other  works. 

TANNEHILL,  ADAMSON,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1752  in  Frederick 
county,  Md.  In  181z  he  was  brigadier- 
general  of  Pennsylvania  volunteers.  He 
was  then  elected  to  congress  as  a  demo 
crat,  and  served  from  1813  till  1815.  He 
died  July  7,  1817,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

TANNEHILL,  J.  L.,  poet.  He  has  filled 
numerous  positions  of  trust  in  the  state 
of  Ohio;  and  has  contributed  both  prose 
and  verse  to  the  periodical  press  which 
have  attracted  favorable  attention. 

TANNEHILL,  WILKINS,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  March  4,  1787,  in  Pttts- 
burg,  Pa.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Nash 
ville;  and  the  author  of  Freemasons'  Man 
ual;  Sketches  of  the  History  of  Litera 
ture;  and  Sketches  of  the  History  of 
Roman  Literature.  He  died  June  2,  1858, 
in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

TANNER,  ADOLPHUS  H.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  23,  1833,  in 
Granville,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he  entered  the 
volunteer  army  as  a  captain;  and  as  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  one  hundred  and 
twenty-third  regiment  of  infantry  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 
TANNER,  ALVA  AMASA,  farmer, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1849,  in  South  Cot- 
tonwood.  Utah.  In  1882  he  moved  to 
Idaho;  has  been 
1£SSBH^  Justice  of  the  peace; 
deputy  sheriff;  and 
twice  a  candidate  for 
the  Idaho  legislature 
on  the  populist  tick 
et.  He  is  also  a  pro 
fessional  phrenolo 
gist,  and  has  trav 
eled  extensively  lec 
turing  on  that  sub 
ject  He  has  writ 
ten  extensively  for 
the  periodical  press, 
and  his  poems  have  been  given  a  place  in 
several  standard  collections. 


TANNER,  BENJAMIN  TUCKER,  bish 
op,  author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1835,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  bishop  of  the 
African  methodist  church;  and  the  author 
of  Paul  vs.  Pius  Ninth;  The  Negro's  Ori 
gin,  and  Is  the  Negro  Cursed?;  and  Out 
line  of  the  History  and  Government  of 
the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

TANNER,  GEORGE  CLINTON,  educat- 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  21, 
1834,  in  West  Greenwich,  R.  I.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Plainfield 
academy  and  the  Brown  university,  from 
which  latter  institution  he  graduated  in 
1857.  In  1857-58  he  was  principal  of  grad 
ed  schools  in  Winona,  Minn.;  in  1858-67 
he  was  instructor  in  classics  in  the  schools 
of  the  Bishop  Seabury  mission,  and  head 
master;  and  in  1867-87  he  was  rector  of 
St.  Paul's  church  of  Owatana.  In  1872-87 
he  was  superintendent  of  schools  for 
Steele  county;  and  since  1887  has  been 
chaplain  at  the  Shattuck  school  of  Fari- 
bault,  Minn.  During  these  thirty  years 
he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  laying  the 
foundations  of  church  and  educational 
work.  He  is  the  author  of  the  History  of 
the  Episcopal  Church  in  Minnesota;  and 
registrar  and  historian  of  the  diocese  of 
Minnesota. 

TANNER,  HENRY  .S.,  geographer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1786  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  geographer  of  Philadelphia;  and 
the  author  of  Memoir  on  the  Recent  Sur 
veys  in  the  United  States;  View  of  the 
Valley  of  the  Mississippi;  American  Trav 
eler;  Central  Traveler;  New  Picture  of 
Philadelphia;  and  Description  of  Canals 
and  Railways  in  the  United  States.  He 
died  in  1858  in  New  York  city. 

TANNER,  HERBERT  BATTLES,  phy 
sician,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1859,  in  White 
water,  Wis.  He  was  city  physician  of 
Kaukauna,  Wis.,  during  1886-93;  mayor 
of  the  city  for  two  terms  in  1895-96;  and 
president  of  the  Fox  River  Medical  so 
ciety  in  1897. 

TANNER,  JOHN,  captive,  author,  was 
born  about  1780  in  Kentucky.  He  wrote  a 
Narrative  of  the  Captivity  and  Adven 
tures  of  John  Tanner  during  Thirty 
Years'  Residence  Among  the  Indians.  He 
died  in  1847. 

TANNER,  JOHN  RILEY,  soldier,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  April  4,  1844, 
in  Warrick  county,  Ind.  In  1863  he  en 
tered  company  A,  ninety-eighth  Illinois 
infantry,  and  served  until  1865  in  Ken 
tucky,  Tennessee,  Alabama,  and  Georgia. 
After  the  war  he  returned  to  Illinois,  and 
purchased  sixty  acres  of  land  in  Clay 
county,  which  he  occupied  until  1870, 
when  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Clay  coun 
ty.  In  1880  he  was  elected  to  the  Illinois 
state  senate;  was  elected  state  treas 
urer  in  1886;  and  subsequently  was 
United  States  marshal  for  the  southern 
district  of  Illinois.  In  1896  he  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  the  state  of  Illinois. 

TANNER,  RICHARD  ROBERT,  lawyer, 
was  born  March  30,  1858,  in  San  Juan, 
Cal.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  as 
sistant  postmaster  of  San  Buena  Ventura; 
and  in  1885  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Santa  Monica,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
leading  members  of  the  legal  profession 
in  Los  Angeles  county.  For  two  years  he 
was  deputy  district  attorney  of  his  coun 
ty,  and  for  eight  years  filled  with  distinc 
tion  the  office  of  city  attorney. 

TAPPAN,  ARTHUR,  merchant,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  May  22,  1786,  in  North- 
hampton,  Mass.  He  was  one  of  the  found 
ers  of  the  American  Tract  society;  New 
York  Journal  of  Commerce;  and  of  Ober- 
lin  college,  Ohio;  and  first  president  of 
the  American  Anti-Slavery  society  at 
Philadelphia.  He  died  July  23,  1865,  in- 
New  Haven,  Conn. 


TAPPAN,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  engrav 
er,  lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  May  25,  1773,  in  Northampton, 
Mass.  In  1799  he  emigrated  to  Ohio,  and 
was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  there. 
In  1803  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature 
of  the  new  state;  served  in  the  war  of 
1812  as  aid-de-camp  to  General  Wads- 
worth;  and  was  for  seven  years  president 
judge  of  the  fifth  Ohio  circuit.  In  1833  he 
was  appointed  United  States  judge  for 
the  district  of  Ohio.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  Ohio  from  1839  to  1845.  He 
died  April  12,  1857,  in  Steubenville,  Ohio. 

TAPPAN,  DAVID,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  21,  1752,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man,  pastor  at  Newbury,  Mass.,  in  1774- 
92,  and  Hollis  professor  of  divinity  at 
Harvard  university  from  1792  until  his 
death.  He  was  the  author  of  Sermons  on 
Important  Subjects;  and  Lectures  on 
Jewish  Antiquities.  He  died  April  27, 
1803,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

TAPPAiN,  ELI  TODD,  educator,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  April  30,  1824, 
in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  In  1844-45  he  was 
mayor  of  Steubenville,  and  he  was  super 
intendent  of  the  public  schools  there  in 
1858-89.  From  1868  till  1875  he  was  presi 
dent  of  Kenyon  college,  Gambler,  Ohio, 
where  he  was  professor  of  mathematics 
from  1875  till  1887.  In  1887  he  was  ap 
pointed  state  commissioner  of  common 
schools  of  Ohio,  which  post  he  now  holds. 
He  has  published  a  Treatise  on  Plane  and 
Solid  Geometry;  a  Treatise  on  Geom 
etry  and  Trigonometry;  Notes  and  Exer 
cises  on  Surveying  for  the  Use  of  Stu 
dents  in  Kenyon  College;  and  Elements 
of  Geometry. 

TAPPAN,  HENRY  PHILIP,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  23,  1805,  in  Rhine- 
beck,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  Dutch  reformed 
chancellor  of  the  university  of  Michigan, 
university  of  the  city  of  New  York;  and 
clergyman,  professor  of  philosophy  in  the 
1852-63.  He  was  the  author  of  Elements 
of  Logic;  Treatise  on  Universal  Educa 
tion;  Review  of  Edwards's  Inquiry  Into 
the  Freedom  of  the  Will;  The  Doctrine 
of  the  Freedom  of  the  Will  Determined 
by  an  Appeal  to  Consciousness;  The  Doc 
trine  of  the  Freedom  of  the  Will  Applied 
to  Moral  Agency;  A  Step  from  the  Old 
World  to  the  New  and  Back  Again;  and 
Introductions  to  Illustrious  Personages  of 
the  Nineteenth  Century.  He  died  Nov.  15, 
1881,  in  Switzerland. 

TAPPAN,  JAMES  CAMP,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born  in  Frank 
lin,  Tenn.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Helena,  Ark.;  was  a  brigadier-general  in 
the  confederate  army;  has  twice  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Arkansas  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  speaker  of  the  thirty- 
first  session  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives.  He  has  been  judge  of  the  circuit 
court,  and  receiver  of  the  United  States 
land  office  at  Helena,  Ark. 

TAPPAN,  LEWIS,  merchant,  abolition 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  23,  1788,  in 
Northampton,  Mass.  He  was  a  merchant 
of  New  York  city,  proprietor  of  The  Jour 
nal  of  Commerce,  and  active  as  an  aboli 
tionist;  and  the  author  of  Life  of  Arthur 
Tappan,  by  his  brother,  a  valuable  con 
tribution  to  anti-slavery  literature.  He 
died  June  21,  1873,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

TAPPAN,  MASON  WEARE,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  20,  1817,  in  Newport,  N.  H.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire  state 
legislature  in  1853-55.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  Hampshire  in  the 
thirty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses.  He  died  Oct.  24.  1886,  in  Brad 
ford,  N.  H. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


915 


TAPPAN,  WILLIAM  BINGHAM,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1794,  in 
Beverly,  Mass.  He  was  a  verse-writer 
and  educator  of  Philadelphia  and  Boston; 
and  the  author  of  Poetry  of  the  Heart; 
Poetry  of  Life;  New  England,  and  Oiaer 
Poems;  Songs  of  Judah;  Lyrics;  Sacred 
and  Miscellaneous  Poems;  The  Sunday 
School,  and  Other  Poems;  and  Early  and 
Late  Poems.  He  died  June  18,  1849,  in 
West  Needham,  Mass. 

TARBELL,  FRANK  BIGELOW,  educat- 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1853  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  professor  of  Greek  in 
the  university  of  Chicago  from  1892;  and 
the  author  of  A  History  of  Greek  Art; 
and  The  Philippics  of  Demosthenes,  with 
introduction  and  Notes. 

TARBELL,  IDA  M.,  author.  -  She  is  the 
author  of  Early  Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln. 

TARBELL,  JOHN  ADAMS,  physician, 
author,  was  born  March  31,  1810,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  homoeopathic  phy 
sician  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of 
Sources  of  Health;  and  Homo3opathy 
Simplified.  He  died  Jan.  21,  1864,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

TARBOX,  INCREASE  NILES,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1815,  in 
East  Windsor,  Conn.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  who  was  secretary  of 
the  American  College  and  Education 
society  in  1851-84.  He  was  the  author  of 
Winnie  and  Walter  Stories;  When  I  Was 
a  Boy;  Nineveh,  or  the  Buried  City; 
Uncle  George's  Stories;  Journeys  and 
Labors  of  St.  Paul;  Life  of  General  Israel 
Putnam;  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  His  Col 
ony  in  America;  and  Songs  and  Hymns 
for  Common  Life.  He  died  May  3,  1880, 
in  West  Newton,  Mass. 

TARBOX,  JOHN  KEMBLE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  6, 
1838,  in  Methuen,  Mass.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  in  the  fourth  regiment  of 
Massachusetts  volunteers.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Massachu 
setts  in  1868,  1870,  and  1871,  and  of  the 
state  senate  in  1872.  He  was  mayor  of  the 
city  of  Lawrence  in  1873  and  1874.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress  from  Massachusetts  as  a 
democrat. 

TARR,  CHRISTIAN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1817  to  1819,  and  again  from  1820 
to  1821. 

TARR,  RALPH  STOCKMAN,  geologist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1864  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  geologist,  assis 
tant  professor  of  geology  at  Cornell  uni- 
\ersity  in  1892-97,  and  professor  of  dyna 
mic  geology  and  physical  geography  there 
from  1897.  He  is  the  author  of  Elemen 
tary  Geology;  Economic  Geology  of  the 
United  States;  and  Elementary  Physical 
Geography. 

TARSNEY,  JOHN  C.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1845,  in 
Lenawee  county,  Mich.  He  was  city  attor 
ney  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  in  1874  and  1875, 
since  which  time  he  has  followed  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first,  fifty-second,  and  fifty-third  con 
gresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

TARSNEY,  TIMOTHY  E.,  civil  engineer, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
4,  1849,  in  Ransom,  Mich.  He  was  a  jus 
tice  of  the  peace  in  1873  and  1874;  and 
was  city  attorney  of  East  Saginaw,  Mich., 
from  1875  to  1878,  when  he  resigned.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Michi 
gan  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  in  1884; 
and  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress. 


TARVER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  educa 
tor,  business  man,  was  born  in  Hawkins- 
ville,  Ga.  For  many  years  he  was  engaged 
in  educational  work,  and  is  now  the  pro 
prietor  of  a  book  store  and  circulating  li 
brary  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

TASCHER,  ELBE  M.  M.,  artist,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  21,  1843,  in  Winterport, 
Maine.  She  is  the  author  of  Arbutus  and 
Dandelions.  She  is  also  an  artist  in  port 
rait  and  figure  painting. 

TASISTRO,  LOUIS  FITZGERALD,  act 
or,  journalist,  author,  was  born  about  1808 
in  Ireland.  He  was  the  author  of  Travels 
ir.  the  Southern  States;  Random  Shots 
and  Southern  Breezes.  He  died  about 
1868. 

TATE,  FARISH  CARTER,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  20, 
1856,  in  Jasper,  Ga.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  general  assembly  of  Georgia  for  six 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

TATE,  JAMES  BUTTS,  educator,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1852,  in 
Andrew  county,  Mo.  In  1896  he  was  ap 
pointed  president  of  Baird  college  of  Clin- 
*on,  Mo. 

TATE,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  treasurer  of 
Kentucky,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1831,  in  Frank 
lin  county,  Ky.  In  1867  he  was  nominated 
for  treasurer  of  Kentucky  on  the  demo 
cratic  state  ticket.  Since  that  time  he  has 
been  successively  re-elected  by  popular 
majorities. 

TATE,  MAGNUS,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1815  to  1817. 

TATHAM.  WILLIAM,  civil  engineer, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1752  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  an  engineer  and  lawyer  of 
Virginia  who  served  in  the  American  ar 
my  during  the  revolution.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  An  Analysis  of  the  State  of  Vir 
ginia;  Remarks  on  Inland  Canals;  and 
National  Irrigation.  He  died  Feb.  22. 
1819,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

TATNALL,  EDWARD  F.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1821  to  1827. 

TATNALL,  HENRY  LEA,  artist,  was 
born  Dec.  31,  1829,  in  Brandywine  village, 
Del.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Wilmington 
and  began  the  lumber  business,  and  at  the 
same  time  cultivated  his  musical  and  ar 
tistic  talent,  which  showed  itself  in  early 
life.  He  could  play  on  almost  every  in 
strument,  and  composed  and  set  to  music 
many  popular  songs.  He  died  Sept.  26. 
1885,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

TATNALL.  JOSIAH,  soldier,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  Bonaventure, 
Ga.,  in  1762.  In  1793  he  was  appointed 
colonel  of  a  Georgia  regiment,  and  in  1800 
a  brigadier-general,  participating  exten 
sively  in  the  military  affairs  of  the  state, 
and  serving  occasionally  in  the  legislature. 
He  also  served  in  1796  at  Louisville  in  the 
general  assembly  that  rescinded  the  Ya- 
zoo  act  of  1795.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1796  to  1799.  He 
died  June  6,  1803,  in  the  West  Indies. 

TATUM,  ABSALOM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
North  Carolina  during  the  years  1795. and 
1796. 

TATUM,  JOHN  EATON,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  April  25,  1862,  in  Green 
wood,  Ark.  He  has  served  as  special  coun 
ty  and  probate  judge;  and  in  1896  was 
elected  a  representative  of  the  general  as 
sembly  of  Arkansas. 

TAUL,  MICAH,  congressman.  He  Was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1815  to  1817. 


TAULBEE,  WILLIAM  PRESTON,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1851, 
in  Morgan  county,  Ky.  In  1878  he  was 
elected  clerk  of  the  county  court  of  Mag- 
offin  county,  Ky.,  was  re-elected  in  1882, 
and  in  1884  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress;  and  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

TAUNEHILL,  ADAMSON,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1752 
in  Frederick  county,  Md.  He  moved  to 
Pennsylvania  and  settled  on  a  small  farm 
adjoining  Pittsburg.  He  was  a  justice  of 
the  peace  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  whis 
ky  insurrection,  and  firmly  opposed  that 
outbreak.  He  served  as  a  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  the  war  of  1812.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1812  to  1815. 
He  died  in  1817  in  Grant's  Hill,  Pa. 

TAUSSIG,  FRANK  WILLIAM,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1859  in  Missouri. 
He  is  a  professor  of  political  economy  at 
Harvard  university;  and  the  author  of 
Protection  to  Young  Industries  as  Applied 
in  the  United  States;  The  History  of  the 
Present  Tariff,  1860-83;  The  Tariff  His 
tory  of  the  United  States;  The  Silver 
Situation  in  the  United  States;  and  Wages 
and  Capital. 

TAWNEY,  JAMES  A.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1855, 
near  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate  of  Minnesota  in  1890;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

TAYLER,  JOHN,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  4,  1742,  in  New  York. 
He  became  a  merchant  at  Albany,  N.  Y., 
in  1773;  superintended  the  commissary 
department  on  the  expedition  to  Canada 
in  1775;  and  was  a  member  of  the  pro 
vincial  congress.  He  was  for  nearly  forty 
years  a  member  of  the  legislature  of  New 
York;  and  was  lieutenant-governor  of  the 
state  from  1813  to  1822.  He  died  March 
19;  1829,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

TAYLER,  ROBERT  WALKER,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1»12,  in 
Harrisburg,  Pa.  In  1851  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Youngstown,  Ohio;  and  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1855  and 
1857.  He  was  auditor  of  the  state  from 
1860  to  1863;  and  in  the  latter  year  was 
appointed  first  comptroller  of  the  United 
States  treasury.  He  died  Feb.  25,  1878. 

TAYLOR,  ABNER,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Maine.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Illinois  state  legislature  for  one 
term;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-second 
congress  as  a  republican. 

TAYLOR.  ALBERT  REYNOLDS,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  16,  1846,  near  Magnolia,  111.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
in  the  public  schools, 
the  Wenona  semi 
nary,  the  Illinois 
State  Normal  univer 
sity,  Knox  college; 
and  in  1872  gradu 
ated  from  the  Lin 
coln  university,  Illi 
nois,  in  which  latter 
institution  he  was 
professor  of  natural 
science  for  ten  years. 
Since  1882  he  has 
been  president  of  the  State  Normal  school 
of  Emporia,  Kan.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Church  at  Work  in  the  Sunday 
School,  and  other  works;  has  contributed 
extensively  to  periodical  literature;  and 
is  a  successful  lecturer  on  educational  and 
popular  themes. 


916 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


TAYLOR,  ALBERT  VINCENT,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  6,  1845,  in  Bedford.  He  en 
listed  in  company 
rjBto^  •'.  H,  one  'hundred  and 
|^^  '  fiftieth  Ohio  volun- 
B  .  teer  infantry,  and 
]  subsequently  in  com- 
EV  jiiiny  H,  one  hundred 
^S  and  seventy-seventh 
I  Ohio  volunteer  in- 
|  fantry,  and  served  in 
that  regiment  until 
the  close  of  the  war, 
when  he  began  busi 
ness  as  a  manufac 
turer,  and  has  been 
so  engaged  up  to  the  present  time.  He 
served  two  years,  1888  and  1889,  in  the 
Ohio  senate;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress  as  a  republican.  He  is 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ohio  at 
Cleveland. 

TAYLOR,  ALEXANDER  SMITH,  eth 
nologist,  author,  was  born  April  16,  1817, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  published  a  trans 
lation  of  the  diary  of  Juan  Rodriguez  Ca- 
brillo,  under  the  title  of  The  First  Voyage 
to  the  Coast  of  California;  a  History  of 
Grasshoppers  and  Locusts  of  America  in 
the  report  of  the  Smithsonian  institution 
for  1858;  The  Indianology  of  California 
in  the  California  Farmer;  and  Biblio- 
graphia  Californica  in  the  Sacramento  Un 
ion.  He  died  July  27,  1876,  in  Santa  Bar 
bara,  Cal. 

TAYLOR,  ALEXANDER  WILSON,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  22,  1815,  in  Indiana  county, 
Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
legislature  in  1859  and  1860;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

TAYLOR,  ALFRED,  naval  officer,  was 
born  May  23,  1810,  in  Fairfax  county,  Va. 
He  entered  the  navy  as  a  midshipman  in 
1826,  and  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant 
in  1837.  He  was  promoted  to  rear-admiral 
in  1872,  and  was  retired  by  operation  of 
law.  He  died  April  19,  1891,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

TAYLOR,  ALFRED,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1831  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Philadel 
phia;  and  the  author  of  Peeps  at  Our 
Sunday  Schools;  Sunday  School  Photo 
graphs;  and  Hints  about  Sunday  School 
Work. 

TAYLOR,  ALFRED  ALEXANDER, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1849 
near  Elizabethton,  Tenn.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Tennessee  legislature  in  1875  from 
Carter  and  Johnson  counties.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  republican. 

TAYLOR,  ARCHIBALD  ALEXANDER 
EDWARD,  journalist,  educator,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1834, 
in  Springfield,  Ohio.  From  1873  till  1883 
he  was  president  of  Wooster  university, 
Ohio.  He  continued  to  be  connected  with 
the  institution  as  professor  of  logic  and 
political  economy  and  dean  of  the  post 
graduate  department  for  five  years  longer. 
He  then  became  editor  of  The  Mid-Conti 
nent,  the  organ  of  the  presbyterian  church 
in  the  southwest,  published  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 

-TAYLOR,  ARTHUR  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  29,  1852,  in  Cale 
donia  Springs,  Canada.  In  1880  and  again 
in  1882  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attor 
ney  for  the  eleventh  judicial  circuit  of  In 
diana;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

TAYLOR,  ASHER,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  from  New  York  to 
the  twenty-eighth  congress. 


TAYLOR,  BARNARD  C.,  theologian, 
author,  was  born  May  20,  1850,  in  Holm- 
del,  N.  J.  For  many  years  he  has  filled 
the  chair  of  old  testament  exegesis  in  the 
Crozer  Theological  seminary  of  Chester, 
Pa.  He  has  done  considerable  editorial 
work  on  Sunday  school  periodicals  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  society; 
and  is  the  author  of  two  books  on  biblical 
subjects. 

TAYLOR,  BAYARD,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  11,  1825,  in  Kennett  square, 
Pa.  In  1846  he  published  a  book  contain 
ing  the  experiences 
of  his  journey  ings; 
^^^  edited  a  newspaper 
9B|  at  Phcenixville,  Pa., 
v— u  UK>  1'01'  a  vear>  then  went 
to  New  York  city  and 
engaged  in  editorial 
work.  In  1851  he  set 
out  on  a  protracted 
|Fk  tour  in  the  east, 
^^^^^  which  occupied  sev- 
•*  I  eral  years;  and  in 
Jl  \  1862  and  1863  was 
secretary  of  the 
United  States  legation  at  St.  Petersburg, 
Russia,  and  part  of  the  time  acting  charge 
d'  affaires.  In  1874  he  revisited  Egypt, 
and  attended  the  millennial  celebration  in 
Ireland.  In  1878  he  was  appointed  United 
States  minister  to  Germany.  He  died  Dec. 
19,  1878,  in  Berlin,  Prussia. 

TAYLOR,  BENJAMIN  COOK,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1801,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  From  1828  till  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  pastor  of  the  reformed 
church  of  Bergen,  the  two  hundredth  an 
niversary  of  which  he  commemorated  in 
a  sermon  in  1861.  Besides  this  and  other 
discourses,  he  published  Annals  of  the 
Classis  and  Township  of  Bergen.  He  died 
Feb.  2,  1881,  in  Bergen,  N.  J. 

TAYLOR,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  July  19,  1819,  in 
Lowville,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  popular  poet  of 
Chicago;  and  the  author  of  Songs  of  Yes 
terday;  Old  Time  Pictures,  and  Sheaves 
of  Rhyme;  Dulce  Domum;  Between  the 
Gates;  Summer  Savory;  The  River  of 
Time;  Pictures  of  Life  in  Camp  and  Field; 
Complete  Poems;  and  Theophilus  Trent, 
a  novel.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1887,  in  Cleve 
land,  Ohio. 

TAYLOR,  CALEB  N.,  agriculturist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1819  in  Sunbury, 
Pa.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  fortieth 
and  forty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

TAYLOR,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1819,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  a  methodist  clergyman  who 
was  a  missionary  to  China  in  1848-54;  and 
the  author  of  Five  Years  in  China;  and 
Baptism  in  a  Nutshell. 

TAYLOR,  CHARLES  ELISHA,  college 
president,  educator,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1842, 
in  Richmond,  Va.  For  fourteen  years  he 
was  professor  of  Latin  in  the  Wake  Forest 
college,  North  Carolina,  of  which  institu 
tion  he  has  been  president  since  1884. 

TAYLOR,  CHARLES  FAYETTE,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  April  25,  1827,  in 
Willistown,  Vt.  He  is  a  surgeon  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Theory 
and  Practice  of  the  Movement  Cure;  Spi 
nal  Irritation;  Sensation  and  Pain;  Me 
chanical  Treatment  of  Angular  Curvature 
of  the  Spine;  Treatment  of  Disease  of  the 
Hip  Joint;  and  Infantile  Paralysis. 

TAYLOR,  E.  J.,  educator,  was  born  Oct. 
22,  1869,  in  Waddington,  N.  Y.  He  has 
attained  success  in  educational  work,  and 
is  now  county  superintendent  of  public 
education  at  Ellisville,  Miss. 


TAYLOR,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1642  in  England.  He 
left  several  manuscript  volumes,  including 
a  Commentary  on  the  Four  Gospels; 
Christograjjhia,  or  a  Discourse  on  the  Vir 
tues  and  Character  of  Christ;  and  poems 
in  English  and  in  Latin.  He  died  June 
29,  1729,  in  Westfield,  Mass. 

TAYLOR,  DANIEL  T.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  March  20,  1823,  in 
Rouse's  Point,  N.  Y.  Since  1846  he  has 
been  in  the  ministry,  and  now  fills  a  pas 
torate  in  Hyde  Park,  Mass.  He  is  the 
author  of  Numerous  pamphlets  and  tracts; 
and  a  volume  entitled  the  Reign  of  Christ. 

TAYLOR,  EZRA  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  a,  1823,  in 
Nelson,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  moved  to  War 
ren,  Ohio;  and  was  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  for  the  ninth  judicial  dis 
trict  from  1877  to  1880.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was. 
re-elected  to  the  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  and 
fifty-second  congresses  as  a  republican. 

TAYLOR,  FITCH  WATERMAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1803,  in 
Middle  Haddam.  He  was  an  episcopal 
chaplain  in  the  United  States  navy;  and 
the  author  of  The  Flag  Ship,  or  a  Voyage 
Around  the  World;  and  The  Broad  Pen 
nant.  He  died  July  23,  1865,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE,  signer  of  the  decla 
ration  of  independence,  was  born  in  1716 
in  Ireland.  In  1764  he  was  elected  to 
the  provincial  assembly  at  Philadelphia, 
serving  six  years.  He  was  again  elected 
to  the  assembly  in  1775;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress  in  1776  and 
1777;  and  was  a  signer  of  the  declaration 
of  independence.  He  died  Feb.  23,  1781, 
in  Easton,  Pa. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1820,  in 
Wheeling,  W.  Va.  In  1856  he  was  elected 
from  Alabama  a  representative  to  the 
thirty-fifth  congress.  As  an  author,  writ 
ing  upon  topics  connected  with  the  natu 
ral  sciences,  he  was  successful;  a  work 
published  in  1851  and  entitled  Indications 
of  the  Creator  has  passed  through  four 
editions,  and  been  highly  applauded  by 
the  critics  of  England  and  France. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE  BOARDMAN,  mis 
sionary,  author,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1832,  in 
Richmond,  Va.  He  is  a  baptist  missionary 
in  Rome  since  1873;  and  the  author  of 
Oakland  Stories;  Costar  Grew;  Roger 
Bemant,  the  Pastor's  Son;  Walter  Ennis, 
a  tale  of  the  Early  Virginia  Baptists;  and 
Life  of  J.  B.  Taylor. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE  DRAPER,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1859,  in  Luzerne  coun 
ty,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Wyoming  seminary  of  Kingston,  Pa.,  and 
has  attained  prominence  as  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of  his  native  state  at 
Scranton. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE  EDWIN,  journalist, 
was  born  Aug.  4,  1857,  in  Little  Rock, 
Ark.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the 
Solicitor,  a  national  journal  published  at 
Oskaloosa,  Iowa.  He  has  attained  success 
as  a  speaker;  takes  a  prominent  part  in 
political  affairs;  and  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Chicago  democratic  national  conven 
tion  in  1896. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE  HENRY,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1821  in  Willistown, 
Vt.  He  is  a  physician  of  New  York  city, 
among  whose  writings  are  Exposition  of 
the  Swedish  Movement  Cure;  Health  for 
Women;  Massage;  and  Pelvic  and  Her- 
nial  Therapeutics. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


917 


TAYLOR,  GEORGE  HERBERT,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  May  10,  1853,  in  Berk 
shire,  Vt.  He  is  the  author  of  Fifteen 
Years  a  Mystery;  Erastus  Corning;  An 
Agreement  and  What  Came  of  It;  Wil 
liam  Livingston;  Trout  Fishing  in  Wis- 
•consin;  A  Bear  Hunt  in  Vermont;  and 
Hunting  in  Minnesota. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE  K.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
In  1801  he  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  for  the  fourth 
circuit. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE  LANSING,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1835,  in 
Skaneateles,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  methodist 
•clergyman  of  eastern  New  York;  and  the 
author  of  Elijah  the  Reformer,  a  Ballad 
Epic;  Grant:  an  Elegy,  and  Other  Po 
ems;  What  Shall  we  Do  with  the  Sunday 
School?;  and  The  New  Africa. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE  W.,  lumber  mer- 
•chant,  state  legislator,  was  born  March  31, 
1855,  in  Wenham,  Mass.  He  is  a  success 
ful  lumber  merchant  of  Marinette,  Wis. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Wisconsin  state  legislature,  and  received 
the  re-election  in  1896. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
•soldier,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1849,  in  Mont- 
.gomery  county,  Ala.  He  enlisted  as  a  pri 
vate  in  company  D,  first  regiment  South 
Carolina  cavalry,  and  served  as  a  courier 
till  the  end  of  the  war.  He  was  elected  to 
the  lower  house  of  the  general  assembly 
-of  Alabama  in  1878,  and  served  one  term 
as  a  member  from  Choctaw  county.  In 
1880  he  was  elected  state  solicitor  for  the 
first  judicial  circuit  of  Alabama,  and  was 
Te-elected  in  1886.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  of  the  United  States 
as  a  democrat. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  soldier, 
was  born  Nov.  22,  1808,  in  Hunterdon 
•county,  N.  J.  When  the  civil  war  began 
he  was  made  colonel  of  the  third  New 
Jersey  infantry.  He  received  his  com 
mission  as  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
in  1862.  He  died  in  September,  1862,  in 
Alexandria,  Va. 

TAYLOR,  HANNIS,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  1851  in  North  Carolina.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  Mobile,  minister  to  Spain  in 
1893-97;  and  the  author  of  The  Origin 
and  Growth  of  the  English  Constitution. 

TAYLOR,  HENRY  OSBORN,  author, 
was  born  in  1856  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
legal  writer  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Private 
Corporations,  a  standard  work  much  used 
as  a  text-book  in  law  schools;  and  An 
cient  Ideals. 

TAYLOR,  IDA  SCOTT,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  Springfield,  111.  With  Martha 
C.  Oliver  she  has  written  three  juvenile 
books  in  verse  entitled  The  Story  of  Co 
lumbus;  In  Slavery  Days;  and  The  Far 
West. 

TAYLOR,  ISAAC  EBENEZER,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  April  25,  1812,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1861  the  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  college  was  incorporated 
and  went  into  operation,  and  he  became 
its  president  and  treasurer.  He  was  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  New  York  Medi 
cal  Journal,  and  president  of  its  associa 
tion  in  1869-70. 

TAYLOR,  ISAAC  HAMILTON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  April  18,  1840. 
near  New  Harrisburg,  Ohio.  He  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Carrollton, 
Ohio,  in  his  native  county;  and  was  clerk 
of  the  courts  of  Carroll  county  from  1870 
to  1877.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-ninth  con- 
,gress  as  a  republican. 


TAYLOR,  JAMES  BARNETT,  mission 
ary,  author,  was  born  March  19,  1819,  in 
England.  He  was  a  baptist  missionary 
in  Virginia;  and  the  author  of  Life  of  Lot 
Gary;  and  Lives  of  Virginia  Baptist  Min 
isters.  He  died  Dec.  22,  1871,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va. 

TAYLOR,  [JAMES]  BAYARD,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1825  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  an  author  well  known  as  poet, 
novelist,  translator,  and  traveler.  His 
volumes  of  verse  comprise  Ximena,  and 
Other  Poems;  Rhymes  of  Travel;  Poems 
and  Ballads;  Poems  of  Home  and  Travel; 
Poems  of  the  Orient,  his  most  original 
work;  The  Picture  of  St.  John;  The  Po 
et's  Journal;  Lars;  The  Masque  of  the 
Gods;  Home  Pastorals;  Prince  Deukali- 
on;  The  Prophet,  a  tragedy;  and  Centen 
nial  Ode.  In  fiction  he  published  Beauty 
and  the  Beast;  Hannah  Thurston;  The 
Story  of  Kennett;  John  Godfrey's  For 
tune;  Joseph  and  His  Friend.  His  trav 
els  include  Views  Afoot;  Eldorado;  By 
ways  of  Europe;  Central  Africa;  Egypt 
and  Iceland;  Greece  and  Russia;  At 
Home  and  Abroad;  India,  China,  and  Ja 
pan;  The  Lands  of  the  Saracen;  and  Col 
orado.  The  translation  of  Faust  is  his 
greatest  work,  and  the  one  on  which  his 
fame  will  most  securely  rest.  Other  works 
of  his  are  School  History  of  Germany; 
Literary  Essays  and  Notes;  Studies  in 
German  Literature;  and  The  Echo  Club, 
and  Other  Literary  Diversions.  He  died 
in  1878. 

TAYLOR,  JAMES  MONROE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1848,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  president  of  Vas- 
sar  college  from  1886;  and  is  the  author 
of  Psychology. 

TAYLOR,  JAMES  WICKES,  public  of 
ficial,  author,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1819,  in 
Starkey,  Yates  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
United  States  consul  at  Winnipeg,  Mani 
toba,  from  1870;  and  the  author  of  The 
Victim  of  Intrigue,  a  Tale  of  Burr's  Con 
spiracy;  History  of  Ohio,  First  Period: 
1620-1787;  Manual  of  Ohio  School  Sys 
tem;  Forest  and  Fruit  Culture  in  Manito 
ba;  and  Mineral  Resources  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  in  1893. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN,  United  States  senator, 
author,  was  born  in  1750  in  Orange  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  a  politician  of  prominence 
in  his  day  as  a  United  States  senator  from 
Virginia  in  1792-94,  and  also  in  1803-09, 
and  1822-24.  He  was  the  author  of  Inquiry 
into  the  Principles  and  Polity  of  the 
United  States  Government;  Agricultural 
Essays;  Construction  Construed;  Tyran 
ny  Unmasked;  and  New  Views  of  the 
United  States  Constitution.  He  died  Aug. 
20,  1824,  in  Caroline  county,  Va. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  in  1752  in  Fauquier  county,  Va. 
He  published  an  account  of  his  religious 
labors  and  of  the  churches  that  he  had 
aided  in  founding,  under  the  title  of  A 
History  of  Ten  Baptist  Missions.  He  died 
in  1833  in  Forks  of  Elkhorn,  Ky. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  governor,  was  born 
May  4,  1770,  in  Columbia,  S.  C.  He  served 
in  the  South  Carolina  state  legislature  a 
number  of  years;  was  a  presidential  elect 
or  in  1797;  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1807  to 
1809.  and  also  from  1817  to  1821.  He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  1810  to  1816;  was 
a  trustee  of  the  South  Carolina  college  in 
1806;  a  state  senator  in  1810  and  1822;  and 
was  governor  of  the  state  from  1826  to 
1828.  He  was  also  at  one  time  receiver  of 
public  moneys  in  Mississippi  territory.  He 
died  April  16,  1832,  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 


TAYLOR,  JOHN  J.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Massachusetts.  He  settled  in  New 
York;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1853  to 
1855. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN  L.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  7,  1805,  in  Stafford 
county,  Va.  He  settled  in  Chillicothe, 
Ohio,  in  1829;  and  was  for  six  years  ma 
jor-general  of  the  Ohio  militia.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ohio 
from  1847  to  1855;  and  in  1870  was  ap 
pointed  a  clerk  in  the  interior  department. 
He  died  Sept.  6,  1870,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN  LOUIS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  March  1,  1769,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  former  chief  justice  of 
North  Carolina  in  1810-29;  and  the  author 
of  Superior  Court  Cases  in  Law  and  Equi 
ty;  The  North  Carolina  Law  Repository; 
Term  Reports;  and  Duties  of  Executors 
and  Administrators.  He  died  Jan.  29, 
1829,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN  MAY,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  18,  1838,  in 
Lexington,  Tenn.  He  entered  the  confed 
erate  army  in  1861;  was  elected  lieuten 
ant;  and  was  subsequently  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  major.  In  1869  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Lexington,  Tenn.;  and  was  attor 
ney-general  of  the  eleventh  judicial  cir 
cuit  from  1870  to  1878.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  house  of  representatives  in  the 
called  sessions  of  1881  and  1882.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Tennessee 
to  the  forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN  NEILSON,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  24,  1805,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.  rie  was  a  lawyer  of 
Brooklyn;  '  and  the  author  of  American 
Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenant;  and  The 
Law  of  Executors  and  Administrators  in 
New  York  State.  He  died  Feb.  6,  1878,  in 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN  ORVILLE,  reformer, 
author,  was  born  May  14,  1807,  in  Charl- 
ton,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  educational  writer 
and  reformer  long  prominent  in  New 
York  state,  and  after  1879  a  resident  of 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  District  School,  or  Popular  Educa 
tion.  He  died  Jan.  18,  1890,  in  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.  J. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN  VINCENT,  soldier,  po 
et,  was  born  in  1834  in  Bristol,  England. 
In  1862  'he  moved  to  New  York,  making 
a  name  for  himself 
by  his  contributions 
to  the  Christian  In- 
telligencer,  at  the 
B  outbreak  of  the  civil 
war,  upon  the  lead 
ing  topics  of  that 
time.  Eventually  he 
volunteered  and  join 
ed  the  second  New 
York  state  militia, 
eighty-second  regi 
ment  for  three  years 
for  the  war,  having 
the  good  fortune  in  his  first  battle  at  the 
Wilderness  to  rescue  and  bring  the  stars 
and  stripes  from  the  field  where  they  had 
been  left  by  the  color-sergeant,  who  was 
shot.  In  1872  he  sailed  for  Australia,  and 
was  known  among  Australian  journalists 
as  That  Young  Man  from  America.  He 
became  connected  with  the  United  States 
Sewing  Machine  Times;  at  the  same  time 
contributed  to  the  Age  of  Steel,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  as  well  as  supplying  New  York  let 
ters  to  various  American  and  European 
publications. 


91k 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


TAYLOR.  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  March  26. 
1784,  in  Charlton,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to 
the  New  York  state  legislature  in  1811, 
and  while  in  that  body  was  elected  to  con 
gress,  where  he  served  from  1813  to  1833; 
and  was  speaker  of  the  house  for  the  sec 
ond  session  of  the  sixteenth  congress, 
during  the  passage  of  the  Missouri  com 
promise.  He  was  also  speaker  of  the  nine 
teenth  congress;  and  was  a  state  senator 
in  1841  and  1842.  He  died  Sept.  8,  1854,  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

TAYLOR,  JONATHAN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  removed  to 
Ohio;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1839  to 
1841. 

TAYLOR,  JOSEPH  DANNER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  7, 
H30,  in  Belmont  county,  Ohio.  He  served 
in  the  union  army  as  a  commissioned  of 
ficer  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  He 
was  twice  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of 
Ohio;  and  was  president  of  the  city  school 
board  for  seven  years.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-sev 
enth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-eighth,  fiftieth,  fif 
ty-first,  and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

TAYLOR,  JOSEPH  HANCOCK,  soldier, 
was  born  Jan.  26,  1836,  in  Kentucky.  In 
1863  he  was  assigned  to  duty  as  assistant 
adjutant-general  of  the  department  at 
Washington.  He  was  appointed  a  major 
on  the  staff  in  1866;  and  was  brevetted 
colonel  for  faithful  services  during  the 
war.  He  died  March  13.  1885,  in  Omaha, 
Neb. 

TAYLOR,  JOSEPH  PANNEL,  soldier, 
was  born  May  4,  1796,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 
He  entered  the  army  in  1813;  passed 
through  all  grades;  and  was  commissioned 
a  brigadier-general  in  1863.  He  died  June 
29,  1864,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

TAYLOR,  MRS.  MARIE  HANSEN, 
translator,  was  born  June  2,  1829,  in  Ger 
many.  She  zealously  promoted  her  hus 
band's.  Bayard  Taylor,  literary  career,  and 
translated  into  German  his  Greece;  Han 
nah  Thurston  (Hamburg);  Story  of  Ken- 
nett  (Gotha,  1868);  Tales  of  Home;  ana 
Studies  in  German  Literature. 

TAYLOR,  MARSHALL  WILLIAM,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  July  1,  1846,  in 
Lexington,  Ky.  He  was  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  of  African  descent  in  Kentucky; 
and  the  author  of  Handbook  for  Schools; 
and  The  Negro  in  Methodism.  He  died 
Sept.  11,  1887,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

TAYLOR,  MILES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  thirty- 
fourth,  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses;  and  withdrew  in  February,  1861. 

TAYLOR,  MOSES,  merchant,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1806,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  one  of  the  originators 
of  submarine  telegraphy,  and  has  been  an 
active  promoter  of  important  railway 
lines.  Among  his  charitable  gifts  was  one 
of  $250,000  in  1882  for  a  hospital  for  em 
ployes  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and 
Western  railroad,  and  coal  and  iron  com- 
piinies  at  Scranton,  Pa. 

TAYLOR.  NATHANIEL  O.,  lawyer, 
clergyman,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
29,  1819,  in  Carter  county,  Tenn.  He  was 
a  representative  In  congress  from  Ten- 
iii  ssee  from  1854  to  1855;  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1853  and  1860;  and  was 
for  several  years  a  minister  in  the  meth 
odist  episcopal  church  south.  In  1865  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Tennes 
see  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  In  1867 
he  was  appointed  commissioner  of  Indian 
affaire. 


TAYLOR,  NATHANIEL  WILLIAM, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  June  23,  1786, 
in  New  Milford,  Conn.  He  was  a  congre 
gational  clergyman  prominent  in  his  day 
as  the  exponent  of  the  New  Haven  type 
of  theology;  and  was  Dwight  professor 
at  Yale  university  in  1822-38.  He  was 
the  author  of  Practical  Sermons;  Moral 
Government  of  God;  and  Essays,  etc.. 
upon  Select  Topics  in  Revealed  Theology. 
He  died  March  10,  1858,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn. 

TAYLOR,  NELSON,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  June  8,  1821, 
in  South  Norwalk,  Conn.  In  1849  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  of  California. 
In  1861  he  was  mustered  into  military 
service  as  colonel  of  the  seventy-second 
regiment  of  New  York  volunteers;  and 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general  in  1862.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-ninth  congress. 

TAYLOR,  OLIVER  ALDEN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1801,  in  Yar 
mouth.  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Manchester,  Mass.;  and  the 
author  of  Brief  Views  of  the  Savior;  and 
Life  of  Jesus.  He  died  Dec.  18.  1851,  in 
Manchester,  Mass. 

TAYLOR.  RICHARD,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  27,  1826,  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  He  was  a  confederate  officer;  and 
the  author  of  Destruction  and  Recon 
struction.  He  died  April  12,  1879,  in  New 
York  city. 

TAYLOR,  RICHARD  COWLING,  geolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1789,  in 
England.  He  was  an  English  geologist 
who  came  to  America  in  1830,  among 
whose  publications  are.  Geology  and  Nat 
ural  History  of  the  Northeast  Extremity 
of  the  Alleghany  Mountains;  History  and 
Description  of  Fossil  Fuel;  and  Statistics 
of  Coal.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1851,  in  Eng 
land. 

TAYLOR,  ROBERT,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Virginia  from  1825 
to  1827. 

TAYLOR,  ROBERT  BARRAUD,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  March  24,  1774, 
in  Norfolk,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  assembly  in  1798-99.  As  a  briga 
dier-general  of  Virginia  militia  he  served 
in  the  defense  of  Norfolk  in  1813-14.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention  of  1829-30,  and  judge  of  the 
general  court  of  Virginia  from  1831  till 
his  death.  He  died  April  13.  1834,  in 
Norfolk,  Va. 

TAYLOR,  ROBERT  L.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  31,  1850,  in  Hap 
py  Valley,  Tenn.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Tennessee  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

TAYLOR,  ROBERT  S.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  May  22, 
1838,  in  Ross  county,  Ohio.  He  has  at- 

.  tained  success  at  the 

bar  in  Fort  Wayne, 
Ind.;  has  served 
with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  In 
diana  state  legisla 
ture;  and  also  served 
one  term  on  the 
bench.  In  1881  he 
was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  river  com 
mission  by  President 
Garfleld  to  succeed 
Harrison.  He  is  regarded  as 
an  authority  on  Mississippi  river  ques 
tions;  and  has  published  many  addresses 
and  papers  on  that  subject.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  monetary  commission  ap 


pointed  under  the  auspices  of  the  Indian 
apolis  convention  of  1897;  and  during 
1873-96  has  published  discussions  of  the 
money  question  covering  all  its  various 
phases. 

TAYLOR,  ROBERT  W.,  educator,  law 
yer,  journalist,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  26,  1852,  in  Youngstown,  Ohio.  In 
1872  he  commenced  teaching  in  the  high 
school  in  Lisbon.  Ohio,  and  was  elected 
superintendent  of  schools  in  1873  and  re- 
elected  in  1874.  From  1875  to  1876  he 
was  editor  of  the  Buckeye  State  newspa 
per  at  Lisbon;  was  elected  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  Columbiana  county  in  1880;  and 
re-elected  in  1882,  and  served  until  Jan 
uary,  1896.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

TAYLOR,  ROBERT  WILLIAM,  physi 
cian,  educator,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1842,  in 
England.  He  is  one  of  the  surgeons  of 
the  venereal  department  of  the  Charity 
hospital,  and  physician  to  the  department 
of  skin  diseases  in  Bellevue  hospital  dis 
pensary,  and  for  six  years  he  was  surgeon 
to  the  department  of  venereal  and  skin 
diseases  of  the  New  York  dispensary. 

TAYLOR.  RUFUS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  24,  1811.  in  Hanley,  Mass. 
He  is  a  congregational  minister  of  Massa 
chusetts,  whose  home  was  at  Beverly,  N. 
.1.,  after  1878.  He  is  the  author  of  Union 
to  Christ;  Love  to  God;  Thoughts  on 
Prayer;  and  Cottage  Piety  Exemplified. 

TAYLOR.  SAMUEL  HARVEY,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Oct.  3.  1807,  in  Der- 
ry,  N.  H.  He  was  an  educator  long  promi 
nent  in  Massachusetts;  and  principal  of 
Phillips  academy,  Andover,  in  1837-71.  He 
was  the  author  of  Method  of  Classical 
Study.  He  died  Jan.  29,  1871,  in  Andover, 
Mass. 

TAYLOR,  SAMUEL  M.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  was  born  April  19,  1831,  in 
Wayne  county,  Ind.  He  entered  the  army 
in  the  late  rebellion,  and  served  with  the 
one  hundred  and  first  regiment  Indiana 
volunteers  during  the  war.  In  1876  he 
was  honored  by  an  election  to  the  sena 
torial  branch  of  the  Indiana  state  legis 
lature. 

TAYLOR,  STEPHEN  WILLIAM,  col- 
l(  ge  president,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1791,  in 
Adams,  Mass.  In  1851  he  was  elected 
president  of  Colgate  university,  holding 
that  position  until  1855,  when  he  resigned. 
He  difd  Jan.  6,  1856. 

TAYLOR,  THOMAS  HOUSE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1799,  in  George 
town,  S.  C.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman,  prominent  in  New  York  city  as 
the  rector  of  Grace  church  in  1834-67.  and 
active  as  a  low  church  controversialist.  He 
was  the  author  of  Sermons  Preached  in 
Grace  Church.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1867,  in 
West  Parke,  N.  Y. 

TAYLOR,  ln,AVIS,  educator,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  2,  1853.  in  Fairview,  111. 
For  ten  years  he  lived  in  Lincoln  coun 
ty,  Ky.,  and  in  1868  moved  to  Howell 
county.  Mo.  For  many  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work,  and  is  now  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Missouri  at 
Willow  Springs. 

TAYLOR,  VIRGIL  CORYDON,  musi 
cian,  was  born  in  1817  in  Barkhamstead, 
Conn.  He  endeavored  to  introduce  in 
musical  notation  an  index-staff  in  which 
the  key-note  occupies  a  heavier  line  or  a 
wider  space.  He  published  collections  of 
sacred  and  secular  songs,  containing  many 
compositions  by  himself.  Their  titles  are 
Sacred  Minstrel;  The  Lute,  or  Musical 
Instructor;  Choral  Anthems;  The  Golden 
Lyre;  Concordia:  The  Chime;  The  Celes- 
tlna;  The  Song  Festival;  The  Enchanter; 
The  Concertina;  and  The  Praise  Offering. 


HERRIXGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


919 


TAYLOR,  WALTER,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  1786  in  Lunenburg  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  judge  of  the  territory  of  Indiana  in 
1806.  He  was  aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  Har 
rison  at  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe;  and  was 
United  States  senator  from  Indiana  from 
1816  to  1825.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1826,  in 
Lunenburg,  Va. 

TAYLOR,  WALTER  HERRON,  soldier, 
banker,  author,  was  born  June  13,  1838, 
in  Norfolk,  Va.  He  was  a  confederate 
officer  (Hiring  the  civil  war,  and  subse 
quently  a  banker  in  Norfolk.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Book  of  Travels  of  a  Doc 
tor  of  Physic;  and  Four  Years  with  Gen 
eral  Lee. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1833  to 
1835. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Alexandria,  D.  C.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Virginia,  and  served  from  1843  to 
1846.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1846,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM,  physician,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1793, 
in  Connecticut.  He  was  president  of  the 
New  York  Medical  society;  and  was  a 
practicing  physician  for  fifty  years.  He 
was  for  many  years  president  of  the  board 
of  supervisors  of  the  state  of  New  York. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
in  1841,  1842,  1852  and  1853,  in  the  two 
latter  years  representing  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1833  to  1839.  He  died 
Sept.  6,  1865,  in  Manlius,  N.  Y. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  2,  1821,  in  Rockbridge 
county,  Va.  He  is  a  noted  methodist 
missionary  and  evangelist,  appointed 
bishop  in  Africa  in  1884,  among  whose 
writings  are,  California  Life  Illustrated; 
Se\  en  Years'  Street  Preaching  in  San 
Francisco;  Pauline  Methods  of  Missionary 
Work;  The  Model  Preacher;  Reconcilia 
tion;  The  Election  of  Grace;  Christian 
Adventures  in  South  Africa;  and  Our 
South  American  Cousins. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM  A.,  journalist,  po 
et,  lawyer,  politician,  was  born  April  25, 
1837,  in  Perry  county,  Ohio.  Commenc 
ing  to  write  prose 
and  verse  at  the  age 
of  fifteen,  he  taught 
school  at  intervals 
for  the  following  six 
years,  at  the  same 
time  being  editor 
and  part  proprietor 
of  Perry  County 
Democrat.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-one 
he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  practiced 
law  for  four  years  in 
connection  with  editorial  work,  and  was 
also  state's  attorney  a  part  of  the  same 
time.  He  then  became  one  of  the  editorial 
writers  of  the  Cincinnati  Enquirer.  He 
served  in  the  army  of  the  Potomac  dur 
ing  the  war,  after  the  close  of  which  he 
resumed  editorial  work  on  the  Enquirer. 
He  was  chief  editorial  writer  of  the  Pitts- 
burg  Post  for  eight  years  subsequent  to 
1868.  He  next  was  employed  successively 
on  the  New  York  Sun  for  two  years;  then 
on  the  New  York  World  for  a  period; 
next  was  managing  editor  of  the  Pitts- 
burg  Telegraph  for  nearly  two  years;  and 
then  became  editorial  manager  of  Colum 
bus  Democrat  and  Times  for  several  years. 
He  is  now  again  with  the  Cincinnati  En 
quirer  as  staff  correspondent  and  general 
political  writer. 


TAYLOR,  WILLIAM  BOWER,  lawyer, 
physicist,  journalist,  was  born  May  23, 
1821,  in  Philadelphia.  In  1854  he  was 
made  an  examiner  in  the  United  States 
patent  office  in  Washington,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1877.  He  was  appointed  ed 
itor  of  the  publications  of  the  Smithson 
ian  institution  in  1878. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM  H.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  2,  1862,  in  Arctic,  R. 
I.  He  is  the  editor  and  business  man 
ager  of  the  Shore  Line  Times  of  New 
Haven,  Conn.;  and  is  part  owner  of  the 
Windham  County  Standard  of  Putnam, 
Conn.  He  was  a  messenger  in  the  Con 
necticut  house  of  representatives  in  1884; 
doorkeeper  in  1889;  and  is  the  author  of 
Taylor's  Souvenir  of  the  Capitol.  1877-98, 
the  best  of  the  kind  ever  published  in  any 
state. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM  JAMES  ROMEYN, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  July  31,  1823, 
in  Schodack,  N.  Y.  In  1869  he  had  charge 
of  a  church  in  Newark,  N.  J.  He  presided 
over  the  general  synod  in  1871.  From 
1872  till  1876  he  edited  the  Christian  In 
telligencer,  and  attended  the  presbyterian 
councils  held  in  Philadelphia,  Belfast,  and 
London.  He  has  published  hymns,  ad 
dresses,  sermons,  and  tracts.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Louisa,  a  Pastor's  Memorial  (Phil 
adelphia)  ;  The  Bible  in  the  Last  Hundred 
Years;  Church  Extension  in  Large  Cities; 
and  On  Co-operation  in  Foreign  Missions. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM  MACKERGO, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1829, 
in  Scotland.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  of  eminence.  He  came  from  Scot 
land  to  New  York  city  in  1871,  and  was 
pastor  of  the  Broadway  Tabernacle  in 
1871-83.  He  was  the  author  of  Contrary 
Winds;  The  Limitations  of  Life;  The  Lost 
Found;  The  Gospel  Miracles;  Prayer  and 
Business;  Life  Truths;  John  Knox;  Jo 
seph  the  Prime  Minister;  Ruth  the  Glean 
er  and  Esther  the  Queen;  David,  King  of 
Israel;  Elijah  the  Prophet;  Peter  the 
Apostle;  Daniel  the  Beloved;  Moses  the 
Law-Giver;  Paul  the  Missionary;  and  The 
Scottish  Pulpit  from  the  Reformation.  He 
died  in  1895. 

TAYLOR.  WILLIAM  R.,  agriculturist, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  in  1820 
in  Connecticut.  He  moved  to  Wisconsin 
in  1848,  and  turned  his  attention  to  farm 
ing;  and  held  various  county  offices.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature,  both 
house  and  senate;  and  in  1873  was  elected 
governor  of  Wisconsin. 

TAYLOR,  ZACHARY,  twelfth  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  Sept. 
24,  1784,  in  Orange  county,  Va.  He  re 
ceived  a  very  limited 
common  school  edu 
cation.  In  1808  he 
was  appointed  lieu 
tenant  in  the  United 
States  infantry.  Mr. 
Taylor  was  married 
in  1810.  He  was  pro 
moted  from  time  to 
time,  and  in  1840  at 
tained  the  rank  of 
brigadier  -  general. 
About  this  time  he 
purchased  a  large  es 
tate  in  Louisiana.  In  1845  he  was  ordered 
to  Mexico,  and  commanded  at  the  battles 
of  Palo  Alto,  Matamoras.  Monterey  and 
Buena  Vista.  June  7,  1848,  the  whig  na 
tional  convention  met  at  Philadelphia. 
June  8  the  balloting  commenced.  On  the 
first  ballot  Zachary  Taylor  received  111 
votes;  Henry  Clay,  97;  Winfield  Scott,  46; 
Daniel  Webster,  21,  and  John  McLean,  2. 
After  another  unsuccessful  ballot  the  con 
vention  adjourned.  On  the  first  ballot. 
June  9,  Taylor  received  133  votes;  Clay, 


74;  Scott,  53;  Webster,  16,  and  John  M. 
Clayton,  1.  The  second  ballot  resulted  in 
a  choice,  Taylor  having  received  171  votes; 
Scott,  63;  Clay,  30;  Webster,  12.  Millard 
Fillmore  was  nominated  for  vice-president, 
Messrs.  Taylor  and  Fillmore  were  elected 
the  coming  fall,  and  took  the  oath  of  of 
fice  March  5,  1849,  the  fourth  of  March  oc 
curring  on  Sunday  (inauguration  day)  the 
second  time,  and  occurred  again  in  1877. 
Mr.  Taylor  died  July  9,  1850.  Taylor 
never  held  a  political  office  or  cast  a  vote 
until  he  was  elected  to  the  presidency. 
He  left  an  estate  worth  about  one  hun 
dred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars. 

TAYLOR,  ZACHARY,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  May  9,  1849, 
in  Haywood  county,  Tenn.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  the  forty-second  gen 
eral  assembly  of  Tennessee;  and  was 
postmaster  at  Covington  from  1883  to  1885. 
In  1884  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

TAZEWELL,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1753  in  Brunswick  county,  Va. 
In  1775  he  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
house  of  burgesses,  and  in  the  convention 
of  1776.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house 
of  delegates  for  many  years;  was  elected 
judge  in  1785;  and  of  the  first  court  of  ap 
peals  in  1793.  From  1794  to  1799  he  was 
United  States  senator  from  Virginia.  He 
died  Jan.  24,  1799,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TAZEWELL,  LITTLETON  WALLER, 
lawyer,  congressman,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1774,  in 
Williamsburg,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  legislature  in  1798.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1799  to  1801;  and  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  1824  to  1832.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Virginia  from  1834  to  1836.  He 
died  May  6,  1860,  in  Norfolk,  Va. 

TEAGER,  MICHAEL  MOORES,  soldier, 
lawyer,  poet,  was  born  May  1,  1833,  in 
Bath  county,  Ky.  In  1880  he  was  elected 
county  and  prosecuting  attorney  in  Ken 
tucky,  and  subsequently  was  appointed 
master  in  chancery.  He  has  been  editor 
of  several  newspapers;  and  is  the  author 
of  a  number  of  poems,  and  a  volume  in 
blank  verse  entitled  Marian. 

TEALL,  FRANCIS  AUGUSTUS,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1822,  in  Fort 
Anne,  N.  Y.  He  assisted  Ephraim  G. 
Squier  in  preparing  his  Ancient  Monu 
ments  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  John 
R.  Bartlett  in  the  first  edition  of  his  Dic 
tionary  of  Americanisms,  and  made  the 
analytical  index  to  the  American  edition 
of  Napier's  Peninsular  War.  In  1853  he 
became  editor  of  a  newspaper  at  Hunt- 
ington,  L.  I. 

TEESE,  FREDERICK  H.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1823, 
in  Newark,  N.  J.  In  1860  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Jersey  general  assembly: 
and  was  re-elected  in  1861,  and  made 
speaker.  He  was  appointed  presiding 
judge  of  the  Essex  court  of  common  pleas 
in  1864;  and  was  reappointed  in  1869.  He 
was  elected  a  representathe  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  forty-fourth  congress. 

TEFFT,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1813  in  Floyd, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  methodist  clergyman  of 
Maine;  and  the  author  of  The  Shoulder- 
Knot,  a  Story  of  the  Seventeenth  Century; 
Memorials  of  Prison  Life;  Methodism  Suc 
cessful;  Our  Political  Parties;  Evolution 
and  Christianity;  Hungary  and  Kossuth; 
and  Life  of  Daniel  Webster.  He  died  Sept. 
16,  1885,  in  Brewer,  Maine. 


920 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


TEFFT,  LYMAN  B.,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  was  born  July  15, 
1833,  in  Exeter  township,  R.  I.  He  has 
been  professor  in  Roger  Williams  univer 
sity,  Tenn.;  and  is  now  president  of  the 
Hartshorn  Memorial  college,  Va. 

TELPAIR,  EDWARD,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1735  in  Scotland. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Savannah,  Ga.,  to 
the  old  congress  in  1778,  and  from  1780  to 
1783.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1807,  in  Savannah 
Ga. 

TELFAIR,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Georgia  from  1813  to  1817.  He  died  in 
April,  1818,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

TELLER,  HENRY  MOORE,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  23, 
1830,  in  Granger,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  Illi 
nois  in  1858,  and  from  there  to  Colorado 
in  1861.  He  never  held  office  until  he  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  on 
the  admission  of  Colorado  as  a  state,  and 
took  his  seat  in  1876;  and  was  re-elected 
in  1876.  He  served  until  April  17,  1882, 
when  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
interior;  and  served  until  March  3,  1885. 
He  was  again  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  as  a  republican  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
and  took  his  seat  March  4,  1885;  and  was 
re-elected  in  1890  and  in  1897. 

TELLER,  ISAAC,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1798  in  New  York.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-third  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He 
died  April  30,  1868,  in  Matteawan,  N.  J. 

TEMPLE,  DANIEL,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1798,  in  Reading, 
Mass.  He  was  ordained  as  an  evangelist 
in  1821,  and  went  to  Malta  as  a  mission 
ary  in  1822,  where  he  labored  till  his  re 
turn  to  this  country  in  September,  1828. 
He  published  many  works  in  modern 
Greek,  Italian  and  Armenian,  including 
several  biographies  of  Bible  characters, 
and  edited  a  monthly  magazine  in  Greek. 
He  died  Aug.  9,  1851,  in  Reading,  Mass. 

TEMPLE,  EDWARD  LOWE,  banker, 
author,  was  born  May  12,  1844  in  Fort 
Winnebago,  Wis.  Since  1883  he  has  been 
manager  of  the  Marble  Savings  bank;  and 
in  1893  he  published  a  volume  entitled  The 
Church  in  the  Prayer  Book;  Shakespeare: 
the  Man  and  his  Art;  and  the  Testimony 
of  the  Scriptures. 

TEMPLE,  JACKSON,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Aug.  11,  1827,  in  Heath,  Mass. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  bench  of  the 
California  state  supreme  court  to  fill  a 
vacancy  in  1887.  and  then  continued  in  his 
seat  by  re-election.  He  has  also  served  as 
district  judge  and  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Sonoma  county. 

TEMPLE,  OLIVER  P.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1820.  in  Greene 
county,  Tenn.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of 
Knoxville,  Tenn.;  and  during  1866-78  was 
chancellor  of  the  second  chancery  division 
of  Tennessee.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Covenanter;  The  Cavalier;  and  The  Puri 
tan. 

TEMPLE,  WILLIAM,  merchant,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1815, 
in  Queen  Anne  county,  Md.  In  1844  he 
was  elected  to  the  Delaware  state  legis 
lature,  and  was  speaker  of  the  house.  The 
governor  of  the  state  and  president  of  the 
senate  having  died,  he  became  acting-gov 
ernor  for  the  remainder  of  the  term.  Dur 
ing  the  next  ten  years  he  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate,  and  declined  a  re 
election  in  1854.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Delaware  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress.  He  died  in  1863  in  Smyr 
na,  Del. 

TEMPLE,  WILLIAM  GRANVILLE,  na 
val  officer,  was  born  March  23,  1824,  in 


Rutland,  Vt.  He  served  with  distinction 
through  the  Mexican  and  civil  wars;  and 
became  a  rear  admiral  in  1884. 

TEMPLER,  JAMES  N.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  8,  1836,  in  Xenia,  Ohio.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  the 
thirteenth  judicial  circuit  of  Indiana,  and 
held  the  office  three  consecutive  terms 
of  two  years  each. 

TEN  BROECK,  ABRAHAM,  soldier, 
banker,  jurist,  state  senator,  was  born 
May  13,  1734,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was 
made  a  colonel  of  militia  early  in  the 
revolution,  and  in  1778  became  brigadier- 
general  of  militia.  He  was  mayor  of  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.,  in  1779-83;  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  in  1780-83,  and  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  in  1781-84.  He  died 
Jan.  19,  1810,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

TEN  EYCK,  EGBERT,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  18,  1779,  in  Rensselaer  county,  N. 
Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
assembly  in  1812  and  1813,  and  speaker. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1823  to  1825.  He  also  held 
the  offices  of  judge  of  the  Jefferson  county 
court,  and  president  of  a  county  agricul 
tural  society.  He  died  April  11,  1844,  in 
Watertown,  N.  Y. 

TEN  EYCK,  HENRY  JAMES,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  July  25,  1856,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  occasional  con 
tributor  to  the  magazines,  more  particu 
larly  the  Century  and  the  Popular  Science 
Monthly,  an  article  from  his  pen  in  the 
latter  magazine  in  1886  on  Some  Tenden 
cies  in  Taxation  having  attracted  much  at 
tention.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1887,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y. 

TEN  EYCK,  JOHN  CONOVER,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  March  21, 
1814,  in  Freehold,  N.  J.  In  1839  he  was 
appointed  prosecutor  of  the  pleas  for  Bur 
lington  county,  N.  J.,  holding  the  posi 
tion  for  ten  years;  and  was  elected  a 
senator  in  congress  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1859  and  ending  in  1865.  He 
died  Aug.  24,  1879,  in  Mount  Holly,  N.  J. 

TENNANT,  ALBERT  C.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  11,  1846,  in  Willet,  N.  Y. 
In  1873  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Albany,  N.  Y.;  was  elected  surrogate  in 
1883,  and  so  ably  and  satisfactorily  dis 
charged  his  duties  that  in  1889  he  re 
ceived  the  re-election  to  the  same  office. 

TENNENT,  GILBERT,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1703  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Philadel 
phia,  active  in  his  day  as  a  controver 
sialist;  and  the  author  of  XXIII  Ser 
mons;  Discourses  on  Several  Subjects; 
and  Sermons  on  Important  Subjects.  He 
died  July  23,  1764,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TENNEY,  MRS.  ABBY  AMY  GOVE,  au 
thor.  She  is  the  author  of  Pictures  and 
Stories  of  Animals  for  the  Little  Ones  at 
Home;  and  a  New  Game  of  Natural  His 
tory.  She  also  contributed  to  scientific 
journals. 

TENNEY.  CHARLES  HENRY,  mer 
chant,  was  born  July  9,  1842,  in  Salem,  N. 
H.  While  owning  an  interest  in  the  hat  in 
dustry,  he  is  pre 
eminently  a  commis 
sion  merchant;  and 
In  this  capacity  he 
now  represents  up 
ward  of  forty  hat 
«  manufacturing  con- 

;  cerns,  among  them 
the  largest  not  only 
in  the  United  States 
but  in  the  world. 
Prominent  in  the 
town  of  Methuen,  N. 
Y.,  is  a  shaft  in 
granite  and  bronze,  erected  by  him  at  a 


cost  of  $20,000,  to  commemorate  the  mem 
ory  of  the  men  of  Methuen  who  fell  on 
southern  battlefields.  The  town  supplied 
a  company  of  the  sixth  Massachusetts  in 
fantry,  the  first  regiment  to  pass  through 
Baltimore  for  the  defense  of  Washington 
upon  the  outbreak  of  the  war. 

TENNEY.  EDWARD  PAYSON,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
in  1835.  He  is  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  New  England,  at  one  time  presi 
dent  of  Colorado  college;  and  the  author 
of  Agamenticus;  and  Constance  of  Aca- 
dia,  a  novel. 

TENNEY,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  physician, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  27,  1748,  in  Byfield,  Mass.  He  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill, 
where  he  was  employed  in  attending  upon 
the  wounded.  He  was  attached  to  the 
Rhode  Island  line  of  the  provincial  army, 
and  served  during  the  whole  war.  For 
many  years  he  was  judge  of  probate  in 
Exeter,  N.  H.  In  1800  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  that  state  in  the  con 
gress  of  the  United  States.  He  died  Feb. 
6,  1816,  in  Exeter,  N.  H. 

TENNEY,  SANBORN,  naturalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1827,  in  Stoddard, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  naturalist  who  was  pro 
fessor  of  natural  history  at  Williams  col 
lege  from  1868;  and  the  author  of  Ele 
ments  of  Zoology;  Manual  of  Zoology;  and 
Geology  for  Teachers.  He  died  July  9, 
1877,  in  Buchanan,  Mich. 

TENNEY,  MRS.  SARAH  [BROWN- 
SON],  author,  was  born  June  7,  1839,  in 
Chelsea,  Mass.  She  was  the  author  of 
Marion  Elwood,  or  How  Girls  Live;  At 
Anchor;  and  Life  of  Demetrius  Gallitzin, 
Prince  and  Priest.  She  died  Oct.  30,  1876, 
in  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

TENNEY,  MRS.  TABITHA  [OILMAN], 
author,  was  born  in  1762  in  Exeter,  N.  H. 
She  wrote  Female  Quixotism,  an  amusing 
satirical  novel,  which  was  long  popular. 
She  died  May  2,  1837,  in  Exeter,  N.  H. 

TENNEY,  WILLIAM  JEWETT,  author, 
was  born  in  1814  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He 
was  a  writer  who  lived  at  Elizabeth,  N.  J., 
for  many  years.  He  edited  Appleton's 
Annual  Cyclopedia  in  1861-82,  and  wrote 
a  Military  and  Naval  History  of  the  Re 
bellion.  He  died  Sept.  20,  1883,  in  New 
ark,  N.  J. 

TERHUNE,  ALBERT  PAYSON,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1825  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  is  the  author  of 
Syria  from  the  Saddle,  a  volume  of  trav 
els;  Columbia  Stories,  a  collection  of 
sketches;  and  The  Great  Cedarhurst  Mys 
tery. 

TERHUNE,  MRS.  MARY  VIRGINIA 
[HA WES],  author,  was  born  in  1830  in 
Amelia  county,  Va.  She  is  a  popular  nov 
elist,  lecturer,  and  writer  on  domestic  top 
ics,  and  the  wife  of  a  Dutch  reformed 
clergyman  of  New  York  city.  Her  work 
in  fiction  includes,  Alone;  Moss-Side; 
Beechdale;  Judith;  The  Hidden  Path; 
Handicapped;  Nemesis;  At  Last;  Helen 
Gardner's  Wedding-Day;  Jessamine;  With 
the  Best  Intentions;  True  as  Steel;  Sun- 
nybank;  From  My  Youth  Up;  My  Lit 
tle  Love;  A  Gallant  Fight;  The  Royal 
Road;  His  Great  Self;  Mr.  Wayt's  Wife's 
Sister;  Eve's  Daughters;  and  Marion. 
Other  works  of  hers  are,  Common  Sense 
in  the  Household,  a  widely  known  manual 
of  housewifery;  Common  Sense  in  the 
Nursery;  The  Cottage  Kitchen;  The  Din 
ner  Year-Book;  Breakfast,  Luncheon,  and 
Tea;  The  Story  of  Mary  Washington;  and 
Loitering  in  Pleasant  Paths. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


921 


TERRAL,  JOHN  H.  D.,  clergyman,  mis 
sionary,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1858,  in  Pauld- 
ing,  Miss.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  Summerville  institute  of  Gholson, 
Miss.;  was  mayor  of  Spanish  Fork,  Texas, 
in  1885;  and  since  that  time  has  been  a 
missionary,  and  identified  with  the  meth- 
odist  episcopal  church  south.  He  founded 
the  town  of  Terral,  I.  T.,  where  he  is 
also  a  successful  merchant,  and  promi 
nent  in  public  affairs. 

TERRELL,  JOHN  A.,  physician,  public 
official,  was  born  in  1850  in  Auburn  Mills, 
Va.  He  received  his  education  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Maryland;  and  graduated  in 
medicine  from  the  Baltimore  Medical  col 
lege.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  physicians 
of  the  south,  and  has  a  large  practice  in 
his  native  city;  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace,  postmaster,  and  filled  various  other 
public  positions  of  trust. 

TERRELL,  WILLIAM,  agriculturist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1778  in  Fairfax  county,  Va.  He  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  the  Georgia  legisla 
ture;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1817  to  io21.  In 
1853  he  made  a  donation  of  twenty  thou 
sand  dollars  for  the  establishment  of  an 
agricultural  professorship  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Georgia,  which  professorship  bears 
his  name.  He  died  July  4  1855,  in  Sparta, 
<Ja. 

TERRILL,  WILLIAM  RUFUS,  soldier, 
•was  born  April  21,  1834,  in  Covington,  Va. 
He  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  1862,  and  was  killed  in  the 
battle  of  Perryville  in  the  same  year.  He 
died  Oct.  8,  1862,  near  Perryville,  Ky. 

TERRY,  ADRIAN  RUSSELL,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1808, 
in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  a  physician 
and  educator  who  was  for  some  years  pro 
fessor  in  Bristol  college,  Pa.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Travels  in  the  Equatorial  Regions 
of  South  America  in  1832.  He  died  Dec. 
3,  1864,  in  Chicago,  111. 

TERRY,  ALFRED  HOWE,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1827,  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  served  with  distinction  through 
the  civil  war,  and  was  promoted  to  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers  in  1862.  He 
died  Dec.  16,  1890,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

TERRY,  ELI,  clock-maker,  was  born 
April  13,  1772,  in  East  Windsor,  Conn.  In 
1792  he  made  his  first  wooden  clock,  which 
is  still  preserved  in  the  family,  and  is  one 
of  the  first  that  was  made  in  this  coun 
try.  A  year  later  he  settled  in  Plymouth, 
Conn.,  and  there  began  the  manufacture 
of  wooden  and  brass  clocks.  He  died  Feb. 
24,  1852,  in  Terryville,  Conn. 

TERRY,  LUTHER,  painter,  was  born 
July  18,  1813,  in  Enfield,  Conn.  The  first 
important  work  from  his  easel  was  one 
that  had  for  its  subject  Christ  Disputing 
with  the  Doctors  in  the  Temple,  which  is 
now  in  the  Wadsworth  athengeum,  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  Other  paintings  by  Mr.  Terry 
are  The  Loves  of  the  Angels,  from  By 
ron's  Heaven  and  Earth;  Columbus  before 
Ferdinand  and  Isabella;  and  Jacob's 
Dream,  several  times  repeated. 

TERRY,  MILTON  SPENCER,  educator, 
•clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1840, 
in  Albany  county,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  metho- 
dist  clergyman  and  educator;  and  since 
1884  a  professor  in  Garrett  Biblical  in 
stitute  of  Evanston,  111.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Commentary  on  Judges,  Ruth  and 
Samuel;  Commentary  on  Kings,  Chron 
icles,  Ezra,  and  Nehemiah;  Commentary 
on  Genesis  and  Exodus;  Biblical  Her- 
meneutics;  Sibylline  Oracles;  The  Song 
of  Songs;  Prophecies  of  Daniel  Expound- 
«d;  and  Rambles  in  the  Old  World. 


TERRY,  NATHANIEL,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1786  in  Enfield,  Conn.  He 
resided  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  held  vari 
ous  offices  in  his  native  state.  From  1817 
to  1819  was  a  representative  in  congress. 
He  died  June  14,  1844,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn. 

TERRY,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  journalist, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  14, 
1824,  in  Amherst  county,  Va.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army,  and  became  a 
general.  He  was  elected  from  Virginia  a 
representative  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress;  and  in  1874  was  elected  to  the  for 
ty-fourth  congress.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1888, 
near  Wytheville,  Va. 

TERRY,  WILLIAM  LEAKE,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  27, 
1850,  in  Anson  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
elected  to  the  city  council  of  Little  Rock, 
Ark.,  in  1877;  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  -in  1878,  and  was  elected  president 
of  the  senate  at  the  close  of  the  session  in 
1879.  He  served  eight  terms  as  city  at 
torney  of  Little  Rock;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth 
and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

TERRY,  WILLIAM  RICHARD,  soldier, 
state  senator,  was  born  March  12,  1827,  in 
Liberty,  Va.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  war  he  entered  the  confederate  serv 
ice  as  captain  of  Virginia  cavalry,  and  was 
soon  promoted  and  given  command  of  the 
twenty-fourth  Virginia  regiment.  In  1864 
'he  was  made  brigadier-general.  After  the 
war  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Vir 
ginia  senate  for  eight  years,  and  for  some 
time  was  superintendent  of  the  peniten 
tiary  in  Richmond.  He  then  became  su 
perintendent  of  the  Lee  Camp  Soldiers' 
home  in  Richmond. 

TESCHEMACHER,  JAMES  ENGLE- 
BERT,  merchant,  scientist,  author,  was 
born  June  11,  1790,  in  England.  Besides 
several  addresses,  he  published  Concise 
Application  of  the  Principles  of  Struc 
tural  Botany  to  Horticulture;  Essay  on 
Guano  (1845);  and  a  translation  of  Julius 
A.  Stockhardt's  Chemical  Field  Lectures. 
He  died  Nov.  9,  1853,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

TESLA,  NIKOLA,  electrician,  was 
born  in  1857.  He  is  the  inventor  of  the 
mechanical  and  electrical  oscillator. 

TEST,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Salem,  N.  J.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1823  to  1827,  and  from  18^  to  1831. 
He  was  presiding  judge  of  one  of  the  cir 
cuit  courts  of  Indiana.  He  died  Oct.  9, 
1849,  near  Cambridge  City,  Ind. 

TETLOW,  JOHN,  college  president,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  1,  1843,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  became  headmaster  of  the 
Boston  Girls'  High  and  Latin  schools,  and 
president  of  the  New  England  Association 
of  Colleges  and  Preparatory  Schools.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  series  of  elementary 
Latin  and  Greek  classics. 

TEUFFEL,  MRS.  BLANCHE  WILLIS 
[HOWARD]  VON,  author,  was  born  in 
1847  in  Maine.  She  is  a  novelist  who  has 
lived  in  Stuttgart,  Germany,  since  1875; 
and  is  the  author  of  One  Summer;  Aul- 
nay  Tower;  Aunt  Serena;  Guenn;  The 
Open  Door;  No  Heroes,  a  Story  for  Boys; 
A  Fellowe  and  His  Wife;  Seven  on  the 
Highway,  short  stories;  and  One  Year 
Abroad:  European  Travel  Sketches. 

THACHER,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  12,  1754,  in  Yarmouth,  Maine.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  old  congress;  and 
on  the  adoption  of  the  constitution  he 
served  as  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1789  to  1801.  In 
1792  he  was  elected  a  district  judge  in 
Maine,  serving  until  1800,  when  he  was 


chosen  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  in 
Massachusetts;  and  held  the  latter  office 
until  1824.  He  died  April  6,  1824,  in  Bidde- 
ford,  Maine. 

THACHER,  JAMES,  physician,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1754,  in  Barnstable, 
Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  prominent  in  his  youth  as  a  mili 
tary  surgeon  in  the  battles  of  the  Ameri 
can  revolution;  and  the  author  of  Ameri 
can  Medical  Biography;  History  of  Ply 
mouth;  Essay  on  Demonology;  American 
New  Dispensatory;  Observations  on  Hy 
drophobia;  A  Military  Journal  During  the 
American  Revolution,  a  work  of  great 
value;  The  Management  of  Bees;  Ameri 
can  Orchardist;  and  Observations  Relat 
ing  to  the  Execution  of  Major  Andre.  He 
died  May  26,  1844,  in  Plymouth,  Mass. 

THACHER,  JOHN  BOYD,  bibliograph 
er,  author,  was  born  in  1847  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  critical  scholar  and  bibliographer 
of  Albany,  mayor  of  that  city  in  1897;  and 
the  author  of  Charlecote,  a  drama;  The 
Continent  of  America,  its  Discovery  and 
its  Baptism;  and  Little  Speeches. 

THACHER,  JOHN  MARSHALL,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born  July 
1,  1836,  in  Barre,  Vt.  He  served  as  a  vol 
unteer  officer  during  the  war  of  the  union. 
In  1864  he  was  appointed  assistant  exam 
iner  in  the  patent  office;  and  rose  by  regu 
lar  promotion  to  the  rank  of  commis 
sioner  in  1874. 

THACHER,  OXENBRIDGE,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1720  in  Milton,  Mass. 
He  was  successful  at  the  bar,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  opposition  to  the  Eng 
lish  government  during  the  early  stages 
of  the  revolution,  being  at  that  time  one 
of  the  four  representatives  of  Boston  in 
the  general  court.  He  published  Consid 
erations  upon  Reducing  the  Value  of  the 
Gold  Coins  Within  the  Province;  and  Sen 
timents  of  a  British-American,  occasioned 
by  an  Act  to  Lay  Certain  Dunes  in  the 
British  Colonies  and  Plantations.  He  died 
July  8,  1765,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

THACHER,  PETER,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1651  in  Sdlem,  Mass.  He  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Milton, 
Mass.,  in  1681,  and  labored  there  for  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  He  published  Un 
belief  Detected  and  Condemned,  to  which 
is  added  the  Treasures  of  the  Fathers  In 
heritable  by  their  Posterity;  Election  Ser 
mon;  Christ's  Forgiveness  a  Pattern:  A 
Sermon;  A  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Sam 
uel  Man;  A  Divine  Riddle:  He  that  is 
Weak  is  Strong;  and  The  Perpetual  Cov 
enant.  He  died  Dec.  17,  1725,  in  Milton, 
Mass. 

THACHER,  PETER,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  21,  1752,  in  Milton,  Mass. 
He  published  a  Narrative  of  the  Battle  of 
Bunker  Hill.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1802,  in 
Savannah,  Ga. 

THACHER,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  July  1, 
1776,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Massachu 
setts  from  1802  to  1805;  and  served  eleven 
years  in  the  Massachusetts  legislature.  He 
was  sheriff  of  Lincoln  county  from  1814 
to  1821.  He  died  July  19,  1872,  in  Bangor, 
Maine. 

THACHER,  SAMUEL  COOPER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1785,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman  of  Boston,  pastor  of  the  New 
South  church  in  1811-15;  and  the  author 
of  An  Apology  for  Rational  and  Evangeli 
cal  Christianity;  The  Unity  of  God;  Ser 
mons;  and  Evidences  Necessary  to  Es 
tablish  the  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  He 
died  Jan.  2,  1818,  in  France. 


922 


HERRINOSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


THACHER,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  1,  1620,  in  England. 
He  was  a  Puritan  clergyman,  pastor  and 
physician  at  Weymouth,  Mass.,  in  1644- 
66,  and  pastor  of  the  Old  South  church  in 
Boston  from  1666.  He  published,  in  1677, 
A  Brief  Rule  to  Guide  the  Common  Peo 
ple  of  New  England  How  to  Order  Them 
selves  and  Theirs  in  the  Small  Pocks  or 
Measels,  supposed  to  be  the  first  medi 
cal  work  published  in  New  England.  He 
died  Oct.  15,  1678,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

THARIN,  ROBERT  SEYMOUR  SYM- 
MES,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  10, 
1S30,  near  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  Alabama  who  was  prominent 
as  a  unionist  during  the  civil  war,  and 
has  since  been  employed  in  the  auditor's 
office  in  Washington.  He  is  the  author  of 
Arbitrary  Arrests  in  the  South;  and  Let 
ters  on  the  Political  Situation. 

THATCHER,  BENJAMIN  BUSSEY, 
lawyer,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  8, 
1809,  in  Warren,  Maine.  He  was  the  son 
of  Col.  Samuel  Thatcher,  a  noted  lawyer, 
and  a  member  of  congress.  He  became 
an  eminent  lawyer  of  Boston,  Mass.  He 
edited  a  volume  of  Mrs.  Hemans's  Poems; 
contributed  Lives  of  the  Indians  to  Har 
per's  Family  Library;  and  for  their  Juve 
nile  Series  a  work  called  Indian  Traits.  He 
traveled  extenshely;  and  contributed 
sketches  of  his  travels  to  the  leading  jour 
nals  of  America.  He  died  July  14,  1840, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

THATCHER,  HENRY  KNOX,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  bcrn  May  26,  1806,  in  Thomas- 
ton.  Maine.  In  1823  he  was  a  midship 
man;  passed  through  all  the  grades;  and 
was  appointed  rear-admiral  in  1866.  He 
died  April  5,  1880,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

THATCHER,  MOSES,  mormon  apostle, 
was  born  Feb.  2,  1842,  in  Sangamon  coun 
ty,  111.  He  is  now  vice-president  of  Zion's 
Co-operative  Mtrcantile  institution  of  Salt 
Lake  City,  and  of  the  Deseret  National 
and  Deseret  Savings  banks. 

THATCHER,  OLIVER  JOSEPH,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  about 
1850  in  Ohio.  He  is  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman,  assistant  professor  of  mediaeval 
and  English  history  in  the  university  of 
Chicago  from  1893;  and  the  author  of  A 
Sketch  of  the  History  of  the  Apostolic 
Church;  Europe  in  the  Middle  Age;  and 
A  Short  History  of  Medireval  Europe. 

THAXTER,  ADAM  WALLACE,  dram 
atist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1832,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  dramatist  of  Bos 
ton  among  whose  plays  are,  The  Sculptor; 
Olympia;  Mary  Tudor;  and  The  Painter 
of  Naples.  He  published,  also.  The  Grotto 
Nymph.  He  died  June  8,  1864,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

THAXTER.  MRS.  CELIA  [LAIGH- 
TON],  poet,  was  born  June  24,  1836,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  She  was  a  poet  whose 
childhood  and  much 
I  of  her  later  life 
J  was  spent  in  the 
'  Isles  of  Shoals.  Her 
1  verse  is  distinctly 
,  original  and  is  large- 
I  ly  the  poetry  of  the 
shore,  such  poems  as 
!  The  Sandpiper; 
,  Courage;  K  i  1 1  e  r  y 
:  Church-Yard;  The 
•  Spaniards'  Graves; 
i  and  The  Watch  of 
Boon  Island,  being 
characteristic  of  her  work  in  verse.  Her 
volumes  of  verse  comprise.  Drift- Weed; 
The  Cruise  of  the  Mystery;  Idyls  and  Pas 
torals;  Verses;  Poems  for  Children;  and 
Poems,  Appledore  Edition.  She  wrote, 
also  An  Island  Garden;  and  Among  the 
Isles  of  Shoals.  She  died  in  1K!»4. 


THAYER,  ABBOTT  HENDERSON,  ar 
tist,  was  born  Aug.  12.  1849,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  painted  chiefly  animals  until 
he  had  been  two  years  abroad.  Since  that 
time  he  has  de\oted  himself  principally  to 
figure-painting.  He  has  also  essayed  land 
scapes  with  success.  At  the  Paris  salon 
of  1877  he  exhibited  Le  sommeil;  and  in 
the  following  year  he  sent  a  portrait. 

THAYER,  ALEXANDER  WHEELOCK, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1817,  in  South 
Natick.  Mass.  He  is  a  writer  whose  later 
life  has  been  spent  abroad,  and  who  was 
consul  at  Trieste  in  1859-82.  His  most 
important  work,  a  Life  of  Beethoven,  the 
third  volume  of  which  was  published  in 
Berlin  in  1887,  has  not  been  printed  in 
English.  It  is  still  unfinished.  The  He 
brews  and  the  Red  Sea;  and  Signior  Ma- 
soni  and  Other  Papers  by  the  late  I. 
Brown. 

THAYER,  AMOS  M..  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1841,  in  Mina,  N. 
Y.  During  the  war  lie  was  first  lieu 
tenant  and  brevet  major  in  the  United 
States  signal  corps  In  1865  he  moved  to 
Missouri,  and  became  a  noted  lawyer  of 
St.  Louis.  In  1876  he  was  elected  judge 
of  the  eighth  judicial  circuit  court;  was 
re-elected  in  1882;  and  subsequently  was 
appointed  one  of  the  circuit  judges. 

THAYKR,  CHARLES  PAINE,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1843,  in 
West  Randolph,  Vt.  He  filled  the  chair 
of  anatomy  in  the  university  of  Vermont: 
and  was  professor  of  anatomy  in  Tufts 
college.  He  is  president  of  the  Vermont 
Veteran  association  of  Boston,  Mass. 

THAYER,  ELI,  educator,  congressman, 
author,  was  born  June  11.  1819,  in  Men- 
don,  Mafs.  He  served  as  alderman  of  the 
city  of  Worcester  in  1853;  and  was  a  rep- 
resentatii  e  in  the  Massachusetts  legisla 
ture  during  the  years  1853  and  1854.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress  from  that  state;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He 
is  the  author  of  A  History  of  the  Kansas 
Crusade — its  Friends  and  its  Foes. 

THAYER,  MRS.  EMMA  HOMAN,  au 
thor,  artist,  was  born  Feb.  13.  1842,  in 
New  York  city.  She  is  the  author  of  Wild 
Flowers  of  Colorado;  Wild  Flowers  of 
the  Pacific  Coast;  and  a  novel  entitled  An 
English-American.  She  is  also  a  success 
ful  artist  of  Salida,  Colo. 

THAYER,  JAMES  BRADLEY,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1831  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  professor  in  the  Har 
vard  Law  school  at  Cambridge;  and  the 
author  of  A  Western  Journey  with  Mr. 
Emerson;  Cases  on  Constitutional  Law; 
and  A  Preliminary  Treatise  on  Evidence 
at  the  Common  Law. 

THAYER,  JOHN  MILTON,  soldier,  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1823, 
in  Bellingham,  Mass.  He  graduated  from 

Brown       university; 

•  settled  in  Nebraska 
in  1854:  and  was 
elected  brigadier- 
general  and  then  ma 
jor-general  in  de 
fense  of  the  frontier 
against  hostile  In 
dians.  He  was  thus 
engaged  till  the  war 
for  the  defense  of 
the  union.  He  en 
tered  the  army  as 
colonel  of  the  first 
regiment  Nebraska  infantry;  was  com 
mander  of  a  brigade  at  Fort  Donelson  and 
Shiloh;  and  w4s  made  a  brigadier-gen 
eral  for  gallant  conduct  on  those  fields. 
He  led  a  storming  column  at  Chickasaw 
bayou;  and  his  horse  was  shot  from  under 
him  at  Arkansas  post.  He  commanded  a 


brigade  and  division  through  the  siege' 
of  Vicksburg,  after  which  he  was  made 
commander  of  the  district  and  army  of 
the  frontier.  On  admission  of  Nebraska 
as  a  state  he  was  elected  United  States, 
senator.  Afterward  he  was  made  govern 
or  of  Wyoming,  and  three  times  governor 
of  Nebraska. 

THAYER,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1828, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  congregational 
clergyman,  professor  of  New  Testament 
criticism  and  interpretation  in  the  Divin 
ity  school  of  Harvard  university  from 
1884;  and  the  author  of  Books  and  Their 
Use;  The  Change  of  Attitude  Toward  the- 
Bible;  and  A  Greek-English  Lexicon  or 
the  New  Testament. 

THAYER,  MARTIN  RUSSELL,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
27,  1819,  in  Petersburg,  Va.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  After 
leaving  congress  in  1859  he  became  dis 
trict  judge  for  Philadelphia.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Duties  of  Citizenship;  The 
Great  Victory:  its  Cost  and  Value;  The 
Law  as  a  Progressive  Science;  On  Librar 
ies;  Life  and  Works  of  Francis  Lieber; 
and  The  Battle  of  Germantown. 

THAYER,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman, 
was  born  July  11,  1769,  in  Hampton,  N.  H. 
In  1795  he  was  installed  over  the  Unitar 
ian  society  at  Lancaster,  Mass.,  where  he 
remained  for  nearly  fifty  years.  He  pub 
lished  twenty-three  occasional  sermons 
in  1795-1821.  He  died  June  23,  1840,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 

THAYER,  NATHANIEL,  capitalist, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1808, 
in  Lancaster,  Mass.  He  contributed  to- 
a  commons  hall,  erected  Thayer  hall  in 
1S70  as  a  memorial  of  his  father  and 
brother,  bore  the  expenses  of  Prof.  Louis 
Agassiz's  expedition  to  South  America, 
which  was  known  as  the  Thayer  expedi 
tion,  built  a  fire-proof  herbarium  at  the 
Botanic  garden,  and  gave  much  in  aid  of 
poor  students  of  the  college.  He  died 
March  7,  1883,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

THAYER,  SIMEON,  soldier,  journalist, 
was  born  April  30,  1737,  in  Mendon,  Mass. 
In  1775  he  was  appointed  captain  by  the 
Rhode  Island  assembly,  and  accompanied 
Benedict  Arnold's  expedition  against  Que 
bec.  He  was  promoted  major  in  1777,  and 
served  with  great  credit  in  the  defense  of 
Red  Bank  and  at  Fort  Mifflin,  receiving 
for  the  latter  a  sword  from  the  Rhode  Is 
land  assembly  in  July.  His  Journal  of 
the  Invasion  of  Canada  in  1775  has  been 
edited  by  Edwin  M.  Stone.  He  died  Oct. 
14,  1800,  in  Cumberland,  Pa. 

THAYER,  STEPHEN  HENRY,  banker, 
author,  was  born  in  1839  in  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  is  a  banker  of  New  York  city 
living  at  Tarrytown,  N.  Y..  who  has  pub 
lished  Songs  of  Sleepy  Hollow. 

THAYER,  SYLVANUS,  soldier,  civil  en 
gineer,  author.  He  was  a  military  en 
gineer  of  distinction,  superintendent  of 
West  Point  academy  in  1817-33.  and  from 
1836-68  in  charge  of  the  military  defenses 
of  Boston.  He  was  the  author  of  Papers 
on  Practical  Engineering.  He  died  Sept. 
7,  1872,  in  South  Braintree,  Mass. 

THAYER,  THOMAS  BALDWIN,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1812, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  universalist 
clergyman  of  Lowell:  and  the  author  of 
Over  the  River;  Christianity  vs.  Infidel 
ity;  Historical  Doctrine  of  Endless  Pun 
ishment;  Bible  Class  Assistant;  and  The 
ology  of  Universalism.  He  died  Feb.  12, 
1^86.  in  Iloxbury,  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


THAYER,  W.  W.,  lawyer,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  July  15,  1827,  in  Lima, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Idaho  territorial  legislature  in  1866;  and 
in  that  year  was  elected  district  attorney. 
In  1867  he  moved  to  Portland,  Oregon; 
and  in  1878  was  elected  governor  of  Ore 
gon,  and  served  four  years. 

THAYER.  WILLIAM  MAKEPEACE, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1820, 
in  Franklin,  Mass.  He  is  a  congregation 
al  clergyman  who  retired  from  the  minis 
try,  and  living  at  Franklin,  Mass.,  devoted 
himself  to  authorship.  His  books,  which 
have  been  extraordinarily  popular,  ars 
mainly  intended  for  juvenile  reading. 
Among  them  are,  Youths'  History  of  the 
Rebellion;  The  Bobbin  Boy;  The  Pioneer 
Boy;  The  Printer  Boy;  The  Poor  Boy  and 
the  Merchant  Prince;  Turning  Points  in 
Successful  Careers;  Marvels  of  the  New 
West;  The  White  House  Series;  Aim 
High:  Hints  for  Young  Men;  Life  of  Gar- 
field;  Men  Who  Win;  and  Women  Who 
Win. 

THAYER,  WILLIAM  ROSCOE,  educa 
tor,  poet,  was  born  in  1857  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  formerly  an  instructor  at 
Harvard  university.  His  writings  in  verse 
include,  The  Confessions  of  Hermes;  Hes- 
per;  Poems,  New  and  Old.  He  has  pub 
lished,  also,  The  Dawn  of  Italian  Indepen 
dence;  and  The  Best  Elizabethan  Plays. 

THEAKER,  THOMAS  CLARKE,  ma 
chinist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  1, 
1812,  in  York  county,  Pa.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  representatne  from  Ohio  to  the  thir 
ty-sixth  congress;  and  was  subsequently 
appointed  one  of  a  board  of  commission 
ers  to  examine  into  the  affairs  of  the  pat 
ent  office.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  com 
missioner  of  patents.  He  died  July  16, 
1883,  in  Oakland,  Md. 

THEBAUD,  AUGUSTINE  J.,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1807  in  France. 
He  was  a  Roman  catholic  clergyman  and 
educator  of  New  York  city;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Irish  Race  in  the  Past  and 
Present;  Louisa  Kirkbride,  a  tale  of  New 
York;  The  Church  and  the  Moral  World; 
and  The  Twit-Twats,  a  bird  allegory.  He 
died  Dec.  17,  1890,  in  Fordham,  N.  Y. 

THELLER,  EDWARD  ALEXANDER, 
physician,  journalist,  was  born  about  1810 
in  East  Canada.  He  was  a  Canadian  phy 
sician  who,  for  his  activity  in  the  Ca 
nadian  rebellion  of  1837,  was  imprisoned 
and  sentenced  to  death.  He  escaped  to  the 
United  States,  and  was  subsequently  a 
journalist  in  California  and  superinten 
dent  of  schools  in  San  Francisco.  He  was 
the  author  of  Canada  in  1837-38.  He 
died  in  1859,  in  Honitas,  Cal. 

THIBODEAUX,  B.  G.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Louisiana.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Louisiana  from  1845 
to  1847,  and  for  a  second  term  ending  in 
1849.  He  died  in  March,  1866,  in  Terre- 
bonne,  La. 

THIBODEAUX,  HENRY  SCHUYLER, 
•governor,  was  born  in  1769  in  Albany,  N. 
Y.  His  early  days  were  passed  in  Scot 
land,  coming  to  Louisiana  in  1794.  In  1805 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  territorial 
legislature,  and  became  a  justice  of  the 
peace  in  1808.  He  was  three  times  elect 
ed  senator  of  the  general  assembly.  In 
1824  he  completed,  as  acting  governor,  the 
unexpired  term  of  Governor  Robertson. 
The  town  of  Thibodeauville,  La.,  was 
named  in  his  honor. 

THICKSTUN,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  po 
et,  was  born  July  3,  1824,  in  Cassewago, 
Pa.  He  is  an  eminent  baptist  clergyman 
of  Iowa;  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  the  bap 
tist  church  of  Council  Bluffs,  of  which 
church  he  was  the  principal  founder.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems. 


THIEBLIN,  NICOLAS  LEON,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1834  in  Italy.  He 
was  a  journalist  of  London,  and  after  1874 
of  New  York  city.  He  was  Spanish  corre 
spondent  of  The  Herald  in  the  Carlist 
war;  and  the  author  of  A  Little  Book 
About  Great  Britain;  and  Spain  and  the 
Spaniards.  He  died  in  1889. 

THIENPONT,  EMANUEL,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  1803  in  Belgium.  He  was 
the  pioneer  secular  priest  of  Ohio,  and 
was  the  first  to  build  Roman  catholic 
churches  in  Dayton,  Portsmouth,  Steuben- 
\ille  and  other  places  in  the  state.  He 
died  Oct.  19,  1873,  in  Logan,  Ohio. 

THOBURN,  JAMES  MILLS,  missionary, 
bishop,  author,  was  born  March  7,  1836, 
in  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio.  He  is  a  metho- 
dist  missionary,  bishop  in  India  and  Ma 
laysia  since  1888;  and  the  author  of  Mis 
sionary  Addresses;  My  Missionary  Ap 
prenticeship  in  New  York;  India  and  Ma 
laysia;  Light  in  the  East;  The  Lleacon- 
ess  and  Her  Vocation;  and  Christless  Na 
tions! 

THOM,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was  born  Feb. 
21.  1819.  in  Derry,  N.  H.  He  became 
colonel  of  engineers  in  1880,  and  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  United  States 
army,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  serv 
ices  during  the  rebellion. 

THOM,  JAMES  CRAWFORD,  artist, 
was  born  March  22,  1835,  in  New  York. 
Since  his  return  to  the  United  States  in 
1872  many  of  his  pictures  have  found 
their  way  into  private  galleries  in  this 
country.  Among  the  paintings  that  he 
executed  while  abroad  are  By  the  River 
side;  Returning  from  the  Wood;  Tired 
of  Waiting;  Going  to  School;  and  The 
Monk's  Walk. 

~THOMAS,  ABEL  CHARLES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  June  11,  1807,  in  Exeter, 
Pa.  He  was  a  universalist  clergyman  of 
Philadelphia,  and  for  a  short  time  in 
Lowell,  where  he  established  the  Lowell 
Offering,  a  periodical  written  by  the  fac 
tory  operathes.  He  was  the  author  of 
Allegories  and  Divers  Day  Dreams;  Cen 
tenary  of  Universalism;  Discussions  on 
Universalism;  The  Christian  Helper;  and 
Autobiography.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1880. 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

THOMAS,  ALBERT  D..  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1841,  in  Williamsport, 
Ind.  He  has  served  as  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas,  and  during  1873-79  was 
judge  of  circuit  court  at  Crawfordsville, 
Ind. 

THOMAS,  ALLEN  CLAPP,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  26,  1846.  He  is  librarian  and 
professor  of  history  in  Haverford  college, 
Pa.,  and  the  author  of  a  History  of  the 
United  States. 

THOMAS,  AMOS  RUSSELL,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1826,  in  Water- 
town,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  phy 
sician,  dean  of  Hahnemann  Medical  col 
lege;  and  the  author  of  Post  Mortem 
Examinations  and  Morbid  Anatomy. 

THOMAS,  ARTHUR  L.,  governor,  was 
born  Aug.  22,  1851,  in  Chicago,  111.  In 
1879  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
territory  of  Utah,  residing  at  Salt  Lake 
City.  In  1880  he  was  appointed  United 
States  supen  isor  of  the  census  for  the 
district  of  Utah.  He  was  acting  governor 
of  the  territory  during  the  legislative  ses 
sion  of  1879-80,  during  a  part  of  the  ses 
sion  of  1881-82,  for  three  months  in  1881, 
and  again  in  1883;  and  in  the  latter  year 
was  reappointed  secretary  for  a  second 
term.  During  1889-93  he  was  governor  of 
Utah. 

THOMAS,  BENJAMIN,  railroad  presi 
dent.  In  1891  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  Chicago  and  Western  Indiana  rail 
road  and  Belt  railway  of  Chicago. 


THOMAS,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  12, 
1813,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  jurist  of 
Worcester,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Di 
gest  of  Laws  of  Massachusetts  in  Relation 
to  Powers,  Duties  and  Liabilities  of  Towns 
and  Town  Officers;  and  Life  of  Isaiah- 
Thomas.  He  died  Sept.  27,  1878,  in  Salem, 
Mass. 

THOMAS,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  was  born  March  16, 
1S49,  in  Mifflin,  Pa.  For  many  years  h& 
was  engaged  in  educational  work;  and 
was  admitted  to  the  St.  Louis  conference 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church  in  1881. 
He  served  sfx  years  on  circuits  in  south 
eastern  Missouri;  five  years  in  the  city  of 
St.  Louis;  two  years  on  Lebanon  Station; 
and  since  1892  has  been  presiding  elder  of 
the  Rollo  district. 

THOMAS,  BENJAMIN  S.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  12,  1813,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  legislature' 
in  1842;  and  was  appointed  judge  of  pro 
bate  for  the  county  of  Worcester  in  1844. 
In  1853  he  was  appointed  to  the  bench  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Massachusetts.  In 
1861  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress. 

THOMAS,  CHARLES  CLOPTON,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  July  4,  1873,  in 
Waycross,  Ga.  This  rising  young  lawyer 
was  a  member  of  the  house  of  represen 
tatives  of  Georgia  in  1896-97. 

THOMAS,  CHARLES  R.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1827,  in 
Carteret  county,  N.  C.  He  was  electee! 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  superior  court  of 
North  Carolina  in  1868;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-second  and  forty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

THOMAS,  CHRISTOPHER  Y..  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  24,  1818,  in  Pittsylvania,  Va.  In 
1859  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  for 
four  years;  and  in  1869  was  again  elected' 
to  the  legislature.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Virginia  to  the  forty- 
third  congress. 

THOMAS,  CYRUS,  ethnologist,  author, 
was  born  July  27,  1825.  in  Kingsport,. 
Tenn.  He  was  a  noted  ethnologist  and  en 
tomologist  in  the  government  service;  and 
the  author  of  Actididre  of  North  Ameri 
ca;  Noxious  and  Beneficial  Insects  of  Illi 
nois;  Study  of  the  Manuscript  Troano; 
Notes  on  Certain  Maya  and  Mexican  Man 
uscripts;  Aids  to  the  Study  of  the  Maya 
Chronicles;  The  Cherokees  and  the  Shaw- 
rices  in  Pre-Columbian  Times;  Catalogue 
of  Prehistoric  Works  East  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains;  and  Mound  Exploration  of  the 
Bureau  of  Ethnology. 

THOMAS,  D.  B.,  congressman.  In  1865 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Ten 
nessee  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress,  but 
was  not  declared  entitled  to  his  seat  until 
near  the  end  of  the  first  session  of  that 
congress. 

THOMAS,  DAVID,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  11.  1762,  in  Pelham, 
Mass.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1801  to  1808 
from  Salem;  ser\ed  four  years  in  the 
assembly  of  that  state;  and  also  held  the 
position  of  state  treasurer.  He  was  also 
major-general  of  the  state  militia.  He 
died  Nov.  26,  1831,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

THOMAS,  DAVID,  pomologist,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  in  1776  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  pomologist 
and  engineer,  once  prominent  in  western 
New  York;  and  the  author  of  Travels  in 
the  West.  He  died  in  1859,  in  New  York. 


924 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


THOMAS,  DAVID,  merchant,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1794,  in  South 
Wales.  He  founded  the  anthracite  iron 
industry  in  the  United  States.  He  died 
June  20,  1882,  in  Catasauqua,  Pa. 

THOMAS,  DAVID,  clergyman,  was  born 
Feb.  28,  1818,  in  Adams  county,  Ohio.  He 
has  attained  eminence  as  a  clergyman  and 
evangelist,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in 
Winfield,  Kas. 

THOMAS,  E.  B.,  railroad  president.  In 
1894-95  he  was  president  of  the  New 
York,  Lake  Erie  and  Western  railway; 
and  since  1895  has  been  president  of  the 
Erie  railroad. 

THOMAS,  EBENEZER  SMITH,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  June,  1780,  in 
Lancaster,  Mass.  He  was  a  Cincinnati 
journalist  who  published  Reminiscences 
•of  the  Last  Sixty-five  Years;  and  Remin 
iscences  of  South  Carolina.  He  died  in 
August,  1844,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

THOMAS,  MRS.  EDITH  [CARPEN 
TER],  author,  was  born  in  18 —  in  New 
Hampshire.  She  is  a  writer  of  Millville, 
N.  J.;  and  the  anther  of  Lorenzo  Di  Medi 
ci:  an  Historical  Portrait;  and  Your 
Money  or  Your  Life,  a  novel. 

THOMAS,  EDITH  MATILDA,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1854,  in  Chatham, 
Ohio.  She  is  a  poet  and  prose-writer,  for 
merly  of  Geneva,  Ohio,  but  since  1888  of 
New  York  city  and  its  vicinity.  Beside 
a  volume  of  prose  papers,  The  Round 
Year,  she  has  published  in  verse  A  New 
Year's  Masque;  A  Winter  Swallow,  with 
•Other  Verse;  Fair  Shadow  Land;  Lyrics 
and  Sonnets;  The  Inverted  Torch;  In 
Sunshine  Land;  and  In  the  Young  World. 

THOMAS,  ELISHA  SMITH,  clergyman, 
bishop,  was  born  March  1,  1834,  in  Wick- 
ford,  R.  I.  He  graduated  from  Yale  col 
lege  and  Berkeley 
Divinity  school;  and 
served  as  rector  in 
Seabury  Divinity 
school  of  Faribault, 
Minn.  He  was  sec 
ond  protestant  epis 
copal  bishop  of  Kan 
sas  in  1887;  and 
bishop  in  1889.  He 
contributed  valuable 
articles  to  current 
literature;  and  he 
was  also  the  author 

of  several  religious  works.  He  died  March 
9,  1895,  in  Topeka,  Kan. 

THOMAS,  FRANCIS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
'congressman,  governor,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  3,  1799,  in  Frederick  county,  Md. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  dele 
gates  in  1822,  1827,  and  1829,  when  he 
•was  chosen  speaker.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Maryland  from 
1831  to  1841;  and  in  1839  was  president  of 
the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal.  From 
1841  to  1844  he  was  governor  of  Mary 
land;  and  was  for  the  sixth  time  elected 
a.  representative  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  thlrty- 
-eighth,  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  congress 
es;  and  in  1872was  appointed  UnitedStates 
minister  to  Peru.  He  was  killed  in  a  rail 
road  accident  Jan.  22,  1876,  in  Frank- 
ville,  Md. 

THOMAS,  FREDERICK  WILLIAM, 
•clergyman,  journalist,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1811  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Emigrant,  a  Poem; 
The  Heechen  Tree,  and  Other  Poems; 
Sketches  of  Character;  Randolph  of  Roa- 
noke.  His  novels  include  Clinton  Brad- 
shaw;  East  and  West;  and  Howard 
Pinckney.  He  died  Sept.  30,  1866.  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 


THOMAS,  GABRIEL,  author.  He  re 
sided  in  Pennsylvania  and  western  New 
Jersey  from  1682  till  1697.  He  wrote  An 
Historical  and  Geographical  Account  of 
the  Province  and  County  of  Pennsylvania 
and  of  West  New  Jersey. 

THOMAS,  GEORGE  HENRY,  soldier, 
was  born  July  31,  1816.  in  Southampton 
county,  Va.  He  was  the  slow  but  sure 
general  of  the  Amer 
ican  civil  war.  His 
wonderful  skill  exer 
cised  at  the  battle 
of  Chickamauga  fur 
nishes  one  of  the 
most  remarkable 
pages  in  the  history 
of  the  war,  and  won 
for  him  the  title  of 
The  Rock  of  Chicka 
mauga.  He  became 
a  brigadier-general. 
He  died  March  28, 
1870,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

THOMAS,  GEORGE  M.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1828,  in  Lewis  county,  Ky.  He 
was  elected  county  attorney  of  Lewis 
county,  Ky.,  in  1854,  and  served  four 
years.  He  was  elected  to  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1859,  and  re-elected  in  1861.  He 
was  elected  commonwealth  attorney  for 
the  tentli  judicial  district,  and  served  six 
years;  and  also  in  1868  and  1872.  He  was 
elected  county  judge  in  1868;  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  in  1872,  and  re-elected 
in  1873.  He  was  elected  circuit  judge  in 
the  fourteenth  judicial  district  in  1874, 
and  served  six  years;  and  was  appointed 
United  States  district  attorney  in  May, 
1S81,  and  served  four  years.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  republican. 
THOMAS,  GEORGE  PRENTICE,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  April  19,  1869, 
in  Trigg  county,  Ky.  In  1889  he  gradu 
ated  from  Bethel  college  of  Russellville, 
Ky.,  with  the  degree  of  B.  S.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Kentucky  at 
Cadiz.  He  sened  with  distinction  as  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  state  legislature 
in  1896-97;  and  was  the  republican  can 
didate  for  congress  in  1896. 

THOMAS,    HENRY    F.,   soldier,    physi 
cian,    state    senator,     congressman,    was 
born   Dec.    17,    1843,   in   Tompkins   town 
ship.    Midi,      lie   en- 
^s  listed  in  the  seventh 

Michigan   cavalry  as 
•        a  private;    was  pres 
ent  with  his  company 
S|      in  nearly  all   of  the 
Hi      memorable        c  a  m  - 
paigns    in    which    it 
^f*'  was     engaged,     and 

Hv        was    honorably    dis- 
•r^k      charged   in   1865.     In 
.^^^^^^•B    1S73  and  1874  he  was 
•9Bt       ^^flHH    elected  a  member  of 
the     Michigan    state 

house  of  representatives  from  Allegan.  He 
has  been  president  of  Allegan  village,  and 
in  1884  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican 
national  convention  from  the  fifth  dis 
trict;  has  been  president  of  the  West 
Michigan  Medical  society.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

THOMAS,  HENRY  GODDARD,  soldier, 
was  born  April  5,  1837,  in  Portland,  Maine. 
He  was  honorably  mustered  out  of  the 
volunteer  service  in  1866,  but  remained  in 
the  United  States  army,  and  is  now  pay 
master,  with  the  rank  of  major. 

THOMAS.  HENRY  WIRTZ,  legislator, 
was  born  Oct.  20,  1812,  in  Frederick  coun 
ty,  Md.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
state  legislature,  judge,  and  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Virginia.  He  died  June  20, 
1890,  in  Fairfax,  Va. 


THOMAS,  ISAAC,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1735  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Tennessee 
from  1815  to  1817.  He  died  in  1819  in 
Sevierville,  Tenn. 

THOMAS.  ISAIAH,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  19,  1749,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  noted  printer  of  Worcester, 
Mass.,  who  was  the  founder  of  the  Ameri 
can  Antiquarian  society  at  Worcester.  He 
published  The  Massachusetts  Spy  till  1801; 
The  New  England  Almanac;  and  wrote 
a  valuable  History  of  Printing.  He  died 
April  4,  1831,  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

THOMAS,  JAMES,  governor,  was  born 
March  11,  1785,  in  St.  Mary's  county,  Md. 
He  was  governor  of  Maryland  from  1833 
to  1836.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1845,  in  St. 
Mary's  county,  Md. 

THOMAS,  JAMES  C.,  educator,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1870,  in  Gibson 
county,  Ind.  For  many  years  he  taught 
school,  and  is  now  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  in  Union,  Ind.  His  poems  have 
appeared  quite  extensively  in  current  lit 
erature. 

THOMAS,  JAMES  HOUSTON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1808,  in 
Iredell  county,  N.  C.  In  1836  he  was 
elected  attorney-general  for  the  state  of 
Tennessee,  holding  the  office  six  years.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1847  to  1851;  and  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1846.  In  1859  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Tennes 
see  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

THOMAS,  JAMES  R.,  college  president, 
was  born  May  12,  1812,  in  Hancock  county, 
Ga.  In  1855  he  was  elected  president  of 
Emory  college,  resigning  in  1867. 

THOMAS,  JESSE  BURGESS,  lawyer, 
jurist.  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1777  in  Shepardstown,  Va.  He  was  a  del 
egate  to  congress  from  the  territory  of 
Indiana  from  1808  to  1809;  and  the  latter 
year  was  appointed  United  States  judge  of 
Illinois  territory.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
senators  in  congress  from  Illinois,  hold 
ing  the  position  from  1818  to  1829.  He 
was  the  author  of  the  Missouri  Compro 
mise.  He  died  May  3,  1855,  in  Mount  Ver- 
non,  Ohio. 

THOMAS,  JESSE  BURGESS,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  July  29,  1832, 
in  Edwardsville,  111.  He  is  a  baptist  cler 
gyman,  and  professor  in  the  Theological 
seminary  at  Newton,  Mass.,  from  1887.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Old  Bible  and  the 
New  Science;  The  Mould  of  Doctrine; 
and  Significance  of  the  Historical  Element 
in  Scripture. 

THOMAS,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1725  in  Marshfield,  Mass.  He  took  an  act 
ive  part  in  the  revolutionary  war;  and  be 
came  a  major-general.  He  died  June  2, 
1776,  in  Canada. 

THOMAS,  JOHN  ADDISON,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1811  in  Tennessee.  He  be 
came  a  resident  of  Washington  city;  and 
in  1855  was  appointed  assistant  secretary 
of  state.  He  died  March  26,  1858,  in  Paris, 
France. 

THOMAS,  JOHN  CHEW,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1764,  in  Cecil 
county,  Md.  He  became  a  prominent  law 
yer  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  served  as  a 
member  of  congress  in  1799-1801,  from 
Maryland.  He  died  May  10,  1836,  in  Rid 
ley,  Pa. 

THOMAS,  JOHN  E.,  journalist,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1862,  in  Belleville, 
111.  He  is  a  successful  journalist  of  Belle 
ville,  111.  He  served  with  distinction  as 
a  member  of  the  fortieth  general  assembly 
of  the  Illinois  state  legislature. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


925 


THOMAS,  JOHN  J.,  agriculturist,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  8, 1810,  in  Au 
rora,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  agricultural  writer 
of  Albany,  long  on  the  editorial  staff  of 
The  Country  Gentleman.  He  edited  Rural 
Affairs,  and  was  author  of  The  American 
Fruit  Culturist;  Farm  Implements:  their 
Construction  and  Use;  and  Farm  Imple 
ments  and  Farm  Machinery.  He  died  in 
1895. 

THOMAS,  JOHN  L.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  20,  1835,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  solicitor  of 
the  city  of  Baltimore;  and  in  1863  was 
elected  state  attorney  for  Maryland.  In 
1865  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Maryland  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy. 

THOMAS,  JOHN  R.,  vocalist,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  in  1830  in  South 
Wales.  For  many  years  he  was  a  success 
ful  concert  singer  and  also  connected  with 
the  Sequin  English  Opera  company,  fin 
ally  settling  in  New  York  city.  His  best 
known  songs  are  The  Cottage  by  the  Sea; 
Happy  be  Thy  Dreams;  Some  One  to 
Loie;  and  'Tis  But  a  Little  Faded  Flow 
er.  He  has  also  written  Church  Music. 

THOMAS,  JOHN  R.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1846,  in 
Mt.  Vernon,  111.  He  served  in  the  union 
army  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion, 
rising  from  the  ranks  to  a  captaincy.  He 
was  state's  attorney  from  1872  to  1876.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Illinois 
to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
eighth,  forty-ninth,  and  fiftieth  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

THOMAS,  JOHN  R.,  farmer,  educator, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1862,  in  Brig- 
ham  City,  Utah.  He  received  a  collegiate 
education  and  for  several  years  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  education  of  Malad 
City,  Idaho;  and  in  1897  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  Idaho  state 
legislature. 

THOMAS,  JOHN  W.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1830,  in  Nashville, Tenn. 
Since  1884  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  and  St.  Louis  rail 
road. 

THOMAS,  JOSEPH,  lexicographer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1811,  in  Cayuga 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  eminent  lexico 
grapher  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author 
of  A  Pronouncing  Gazetteer  and  Dictionary 
of  the  World;  Gazetteer  of  the  United 
States;  Medical  Dictionary;  Universal 
Pronouncing  Dictionary  of  Biography  and 
Mythology;  First  Book  of  Etymology; 
and  Travels  in  Egypt  and  Palestine.  He 
died  in  1891. 

THOMAS,  JOSEPH  DIO,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  8,  1843,  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  He  occupies  the  chair  of  genito-uri- 
nary  and  venereal  diseases  in  the  medical 
department  of  the  Western  university; 
and  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  A 
Souvenir  of  Europe. 

THOMAS,  LAWRENCE  BUCKLEY, 
clergyman,  genealogist,  was  born  Dec.  6, 
1848,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  This  eminent 
clergyman  has  been  rector  of  parishes  of 
the  episcopate  in  the  dioceses  of  New 
York,  Rhode  Island,  Pennsylvania,  and 
New  Jersey.  He  is  the  author  of  a  Gen 
ealogy  of  the  Thomas  Family. 

THOMAS,  LEWIS  FOULKE,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  in  1815  in  Baltimore  coun 
ty,  Md.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  verse-writer 
of  Washington;  and  the  author  of  India, 
and  Other  Poems;  Cortez  the  Conqueror, 
a  drama;  Osceola,  a  drama;  and  Rhymes 
of  the  Routes.  He  died  May  26,  1868,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 


THOMAS,  MARTHA  CAREY,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1857, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  She  was  the  first  wo 
man  who  ever  received  from  Zurich  the 
highest  degree  given  by  the  university  of 
Zurich.  During  1885-94  she  was  dean  of 
the  faculty  of  Bryn  Mawr  college,  and 
professor  of  English;  and  since  1894  has 
been  president  of  that  institution.  In  1895 
she  became  a  trustee  of  Cornell  univer 
sity;  and  is  a  noted  writer  and  speaker 
on  subjects  affecting  the  higher  education 
of  women. 

THOMAS,  MARTHA  McCANNON,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1823,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  She  is  the  author  of  Life's  Lessons, 
a  Tale;  and  Captain  Phil,  a  story  of  the 
civil  war. 

THOMAS,  MARY  VON  ERDEN,  com 
puter,  author,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1825,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  She  is  a  computer  in  the 
coast  survey  office  at  Washington  from 
1854;  and  the  author  of  Winning  the  Bat 
tle,  a  novel. 

THOMAS,  ORMSBY  B.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 
21,  1832,  in  Sandgate,  Vt.  He  was  district 
attorney  of  Crawford  county,  Wis.,  several 
terms;  and  was  a  representative  in  the 
Wisconsin  legislature  in  1862,  1865,  and 
1867.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin 
state  senate  in  1880  and  1881;  and  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1872.  He  served 
as  captain  of  company  D,  thirty-first  reg 
iment  Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry  in  the 
union  army.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  for 
ty-ninth  congress;  and  re-elected  to  the 
fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  re 
publican. 

THOMAS,  PHILEMON,  soldier,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1764 
in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  Kentucky.  He  after 
ward  removed  to  Louisiana;  and  in  1810 
and  1811  headed  the  insurrection  of  Baton 
Rouge,  which  threw  off  the  yoke  of  Spain 
from  West  Florida.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Louisiana  from  1831 
to  1835.  He  died  Nov.  18,  1847,  in  Baton 
Rouge,  La. 

THOMAS,  PHILIP  EVAN,  college  pres 
ident,  philanthropist,  ,was  born  Nov.  11, 
1776,  in  Montgomery  county,  Md.  He  was 
the  father  of  the  railroad  system  of  the 
United  States.  He  was  the  founder  and 
first  president  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad  company.  He  died  Sept.  1,  1861, 
in  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

THOMAS,  PHILIP  FRANCIS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  United  States  sena 
tor,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1810,  in 
Easton,  Md  In  1836 
he  was  a  member  of 
the  state  constitu 
tional  convention; 
and  in  1838  was 
elected  to  the  Mary 
land  state  legislature. 
He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress 
from  1839  to  1841.  He 
was  subsequently 
judge  of  the  land  of 
fice  court  of  the  east 
ern  shore  of  Mary 
land.  In  1843  and  1845  he  was  elected  to 
the  house  of  delegates;  and  in  1847  was 
elected  governor  of  Maryland.  In  1860  he 
was  appointed  commissioner  of  the  patent 
office;  and  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
treasury  in  Mr.  Buchanan's  cabinet.  In 
1867  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress 
for  the  term  ending  in  1873,  but  was  re 
jected;  and  was  subsequently  elected  a 
representative  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1890,  in  Baltimore, 
Md 


THOMAS,  REUEN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1840  in  England.  He  is  a 
congregational  clergyman,  pastor  of  the 
Harvard  church  at  Brookline,  Mass.,  from 
1875;  and  the  author  of  Through  Death 
to  Life;  Divine  Sovereignty;  Grafenburg 
People;  and  Leaders  of  Thought  in  the 
Modern  Church. 

THOMAS,  RICHARD,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  in.  1745.  He  was  a  soldier 
in  the  revolutionary  war;  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1795  to  1801.  He  died  in  1832  in 
Philadelphia. 

THOMAS,  ROBERT  BAILY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  April  24,  1766,  in  West 
Boylston,  Mass.  He  was  an  editor  for 
fifty-three  years  of  The  Farmer's  Alma 
nack,  which  he  first  published  in  1793  and 
which  is  still  issued  yearly.  He  died  May 
19,  1846,  in  West  Boylston,  Mass. 

THOMAS,  ROBERT  HARPER,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1834,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  In  1870  he  purchased  the  Val 
ley  Democrat  of  Mechanicsburg,  changing 
the  name  to  the  Independent  Journal,  and 
subsequently  to  the  Farmer's  Friend  and 
Grange  Advocate.  He  was  commissioner 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  World's  Indus 
trial  and  Cotton  Centennial  exhibition  at 
New  Orleans  in  1884-85,  and  also  to  the 
American  exposition  at  London  in  1887. 

THOMAS,  ROBERT  WILLIAM  STEPH- 
ENSON,  educator,  clergyman,  was  born 
April  9,  1870,  in  Antigua,  British  West  In 
dies.  He  graduated  from  the  Shaw  uni 
versity  of  Raleigh,  N.  C.,  and  has  filled 
several  important  pastorates  in  the  meth- 
odist  episcopal  church.  He  also  fills  the 
chair  of  sciences  in  the  Bennett  college  of 
Greensboro,  N.  C.;  is  third  vice-president 
of  the  North  Carolina  Epworth  league; 
and  secretary  of  the  North  Carolina  con 
ference  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church. 

THOMAS,  SETH,  clock  manufacturer, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1816,  in  'ihomaston, 
Conn.  The  Seth  Thomas  Clock  Co.  was 
organized  in  1853  in  Thomaston,  Conn. 
When  the  company  was  incorporated, 
Seth  became  its  secretary,  eventually  ris 
ing  to  be  president.  The  clock  works  are 
yet  the  principal  industry  of  the  village. 
He  died  April  28,  1888,  in  Thomaston, 
Conn. 

THOMAS,  STEPHEN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  6, 
1809,  in  Bethel,  Vt.  He  served  in  the  Ver 
mont  legislature  in  1838-39,  1845-46;  was 
state  senator  in  1848-49;  register  of  the 
probate  court  of  Orange  county  in  1842- 
46;  and  judge  of  the  same  in  1847- 
49.  He  was  appointed  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers;  and  in  1867-68  was  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Vermont.  From  1870 
till  1877  he  was  United  States  pension 
agent,  and  since  then  has  engaged  in 
farming  in  Vermont. 

THOMAS.  THEODORE  GAILLARD, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1831, 
in  Edisto  Island,  S.  C.  He  is  an  eminent 
physician  of  New  York  city  who  has  pub 
lished  Diseases  of  Women;  and  Abortion 
and  Its  Treatment. 

THOMAS,  THOMAS,  college  president, 
was  born  Dec.  23,  1812,  in  England.  In 
1849  he  was  elected  president  of  Hanover 
college,  serving  until  1855.  He  died  Feb. 
3,  1875,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

THOMAS,  TRAVERS,  legislator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1799.  He  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Maryland  state  legis 
lature;  was  governor  of  the  state;  mem 
ber  of  congress;  and  United  States  min 
ister  to  Peru.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1876,  In 
Frederick  county,  Md. 


:926 


HERRIXGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


THOMAS,  WALTON  TRUE,  educator, 
was  born  April  25,  1860,  in  Edina,  Mo. 
Jn  1891  this  prominent  educator  founded 
the  Joplin  Business  college,  Missouri, 
which  has  become  under  his  able  manage 
ment  one  of  the  leading  commercial  col 
leges  of  the  state. 

THOMAS,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  5,  1824,  in  Port 
land,  Maine.  He  was  a  journalist  and 
traveler:  and  the  author  of  Life  in  the 
East  Indies;  A  Whaleman's  Adventures; 
A  Slaver's  Adventures;  Running  the 
Blockade;  The  Belle  of  Australia;  On 
I>and  and  Sea;  Lewey  and  I;  and  Ocean 
Rovers.  He  died  in  1895. 

THOMAS,  WILLIAM  WIDGERY,  state 
senator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1839,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  representatives  of  the  Maine 
legislature  in  1873-75,  and  its  speaker  in 
1874-75;  became  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  in  1879;  and  was  United  States 
minister  to  Sweden  and  Norway  in  1883- 
85.  He  has  published  The  Last  Athenian; 
and  Sweden  and  the  Swedes. 

THOMASSON,  WILLIAM  P.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in  Henry 
•county,  Ky.  He  was  elected  to  the  In 
diana  state  legislature  from  Corydon.  He 
moved  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  about  the  year 
1841;  and  was  chosen  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Kentucky  from  1843  to 
1847.  He  afterward  went  to  Chicago,  111., 
•where  he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  until  the  breaking  out  of 
the  rebellion,  when  he  served  in  the 
union  army  as  a  colonel  of  volunteers. 

THOMPSON,  ALBERT,  artist,  author, 
was  born  March  18,  1853,  in  Woburn, 
Mass.  Among  his  works,  mainly  land 
scapes  and  cattle-pieces,  are  After  the 
Shower;  Clearing  Up;  More  Wind  than 
Rain,  in  Woburn  public  library;  Chang 
ing  Pasture;  and  An  October  After 
noon.  He  is  the  author  of  Principles  of 
Perspective. 

THOMPSON,  ALBERT  CLIFTON,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  23,  1842,  in  Brookville,  Pa.  He 
served  in  the  union  army,  rising  from  the 
rank  of  sergeant  to  that  of  captain.  He 
moved  to  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  in  1865;  was 
probate  judge  of  Scioto  county  from  1869 
to  1872;  and  in  1882  was  elected  judge  of 
the  common  pleas  for  the  second  subdi 
vision  of  the  seventh  judicial  district  of 
Ohio.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress;  and  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  and 
fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

THOMPSON,  ALEXANDER  RAMSAY, 
•clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1822, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Now  York  city  who  pub 
lished  Christianity  and  Patriotism;  Cast 
ing  Down  Imaginations,  and  was  the  au 
thor  of  many  hymns.  He  died  in  1895. 

THOMPSON,  ALFRED  WORDS 
WORTH,  artist,  was  born  May  27,  1840, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  has  traveled  at 
various  times  in  all  parts  of  Europe,  Asia 
Minor,  and  northern  Africa,  and  his  pic 
tures  cover  a  wide  range  of  subjects, 
oriental  and  American,  including  land 
scapes,  genre  pieces  and  military  scenes. 
They  include  Desolation;  Lost  in  the 
Forest;  Annapolis  in  1776,  owned  by  the 
Buffalo  Fine  Arts  academy;  A  Twi 
light  in  Corsica;  The  Market-Place  in 
Biskra;  The  Hour  of  Prayer;  Returning 
from  a  Boar  Hunt,  Tangier;  The  Ad 
vance  of  the  Enemy;  and  The  Departure 
for  the  War,  1776. 

THOMPSON,  AUGUSTUS  CHARLES, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  30, 
1812,  in  Goshen,  Conn.  He  is  a  congre 


gational  clergyman,  and  pastor  of  the 
Eliot  church  at  Roxbury,  Mass.,  from  1842. 
He  is  the  author  of  Lyra  Crelestis,  or 
Hymns  on  Heaven;  Christian's  Consola 
tion;  Songs  in  the  Night;  The  Mercy 
Seat;  Foreign  Missions;  Moravian  Mis- 
^ions;  Future  Probation  and  Foreign  Mis 
sions;  Our  Birthdays;  and  Protestant  Mis 
sions. 

THOMPSON,  BENJAMIN,  philosopher, 
economist,  was  born  March  26,  1753,  in 
Woburn,  Mass.  He  gave  to  science  many 
endowments,  both  in  discoveries  and 
wealth;  and  it  is  a  matter  of  national 
pride  that  the  two  men,  Benjamin  Frank 
lin  and  Benjamin  Thompson,  who  first 
demonstrated  the  capital  propositions  of 
pure  science,  in  regard  to  lightning  and 
electricity,  were  Americans  by  birth  and 
by  education.  He  died  Aug.  21,  1814. 

THOMPSON,  BENJAMIN,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1798  in 
Massachusetts.  He  was  several  times  a 
representative  in  the  Massachusetts  state 
legislature.  He  was  twice  elected  to  con 
gress  from  the  fourth  district  of  Massa- 
t  chusetts,  serving  from  1845  to  1847,  and 
again  from  1851  until  his  death.  He  died 
Sept.  24,  1852,  in  Charlestown,  Mass. 

THOMPSON,  CEPHAS,  artist,  was  born 
July  1,  1775,  in  Middleborough,  Mass.  His 
profession  was  that  of  a  portrait-painter, 
ana  he  made  yearly  tours  in  the  south, 
painting  in  all  the  cities  from  Philadel 
phia  to  New  Orleans.  Among  his  por 
traits  were  those  of  John  Marshall,  Ste 
phen  Decatur,  David  Ramsay  of  South 
Carolina.  .John  Howard  Payne,  and 
George  Washington  Parke  Custis,  who 
was  his  pupil.  He  died  Nov.  6,  1856,  in 
Middleborough.  Mass. 

THOMPSON,  CEPHAS  GIOVANNI,  art 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1809,  in  Middle- 
borough,  Mass.  Besides  many  portraits 
and  copies  from  the  old  masters,  he  has 
painted  Angel  of  Truth;  Guardian  An 
gels  of  Infancy:  Brigand's  Daughter;  and 
Mother's  Prayer.  He  practices  his  profes 
sion  in  New  York  city. 

THOMPSON,  CHARLES  C.  B.,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  in  1786  in  Virginia.  Dur- 
the  war  of  1812  he  rendered  distinguished 
service  in  the  defence  of  New  Orleans. 
He  was  promoted  captain  in  1825,  and 
commanded  the  Pacific  squadron  in  1828- 
31.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1832,  in  Hot  Springs, 
Va. 

THOMPSON,  CHARLES  LEMUEL, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  18, 
1839,  in  Cooperstown,  Pa.  He  is  a  pres 
byterian  clergyman  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  Times  of  Refreshing:  A 
History  of  American  Revivals;  and  Etch 
ings  in  Verse. 

THOMPSON,  CHARLES  MINER,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1864  in  Ver 
mont.  He  is  a  Boston  writer  on  the  ed 
itorial  staff  of  The  Youth's  Companion, 
and  the  author  of  The  Nimble  Dollar,  with 
Other  Stories;  and  Life  of  Ethan  Allen. 

THOMPSON,  CHARLES  P.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
July  30,  1827,  in  Braintree,  Mass.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  leg 
islature  in  1871  and  1872,  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

THOMPSON,  CHARLES  RUSSELL,  ed 
ucator,  public  official,  was  born  Aug.  23, 
1863,  in  Spanish  Ranch,  Cal.  He  received 
a  thorough  education  in  the  public  schools 
and  at  the  university  of  California.  He 
has  attained  success  as  an  educator;  has 
been  president  of  the  county  board  of 
education;  county  supervisor;  and  has 
filled  various  other  public  positions  of 
trust. 


THOMPSON,  CHARLES  WINSTON, 
banker,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1860,  in  Macon 
county,  Ala.  In  1890  he  was  county  su 
perintendent  of  instruction;  is  a  member 
of  Governor  Johnston's  staff,  and  has  been 
president  of  the  Bank  of  Tuskegee,  Ala., 
since  its  organization. 

THOMPSON,  CLEVELAND  C.,  public 
official.  He  has  filled  numerous  public 
offices  in  the  city  of  Plattsburg  and  the 
state  of  Missouri,  and  is  now  clerk  of  the 
Clinton  county  circuit  court. 

THOMPSON,  DANIEL  GREENLEAF, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1850  in  Ver 
mont.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city, 
and  the  author  of  First  Book  in  Latin; 
A  System  of  Psychology;  The  Problem 
of  Evil;  The  Religious  Sentiments  of  the 
Human  Mind;  Social  Progress;  Philoso 
phy  of  Fiction  in  Literature;  Politics  in 
a  Democracy;  and  Woman's  New  Oppor 
tunity. 

THOMPSON,  DANIEL  PIERCE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1795,  in  Charles- 
town  (now  a  part  of  Boston),  Mass.  He 
was  a  lawyer  of  Montpelier,  Vt.,  and  the 
author  of  Gaut  Gurley;  May  Martin; 
Green  Mountain  Boys;  Locke  Amsden; 
Lucy  Hosmer;  The  Doomed  Chief;  The 
Rangers;  Tales  of  the  Green  Mountains; 
Centeola,  and  Other  Tales;  and  History 
of  Montpelier.  He  died  June  6,  1868,  in 
Montpelier,  Vt. 

THOMPSON,  DAVID  P.,  state  senator, 
governor,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1834,  in  Cadiz, 
Ohio.  He  was  elected  state  senator  from 
Oregon,  serving  from  1866-72.  In  1878  he 
served  in  the  lower  house  of  the  state 
legislature,  and  in  1874-76  he  was  gover 
nor  of  Idaho. 

THOMPSON,  EDWARD  R.,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  about  1808  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  entered  the  navy  as  a  midshipman  in 
1826,  became  a  lieutenant  in  1837,  served 
during  the  Mexican  war.  In  1867  his 
rank  was  raised  to  that  of  commodore. 
He  died  Feb.  12,  1879,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

THOMPSON,  ELIZA,  was  born  Aug.  24, 
1816,  in  Hillsboro,  Ohio.  She  was  the 
leader  of  the  first  woman's  crusade  band 
in  the  temperance  cause  in  Hillsboro, 
Ohio,  Dec.  24,  1873. 

THOMPSON,  ELIZABETH,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1821,  in  Lyndon, 
Vt.  Some  years  ago  she  bought  three 
thousand  acres  at  the  foot  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  near  Denver,  where,  by  erect 
ing  public  buildings,  she  formed  a  nucleus 
for  a  flourishing  settlement.  It  is  said 
that  she  has  given  more  than  fifteen 
farms  to  persons  worthy  of  her  gifts, 
for  with  philanthropy  she  also  possesses 
that  discrimination  which  is  the  needed 
balance. 

THOMPSON,  EMMA,  author,  poet.  She 
is  the  daughter  of  Edward  Davison,  a 
prominent  merchant  in  Buenos  Ayres,  and 
also  at  one  time 
American  minister 
to  what  is  now  the 
Argentine  Republic. 
She  lived  many 
years  in  Buenos 
Ayres,  and  has  trav 
eled  extensively  in 
Europe,  residing  in 
Brittany  for  the  pur 
pose  of  studying  the 
people  and  legends, 
resulting  in  the  au 
thorship  of  a  volume 
on  Brittany,  beautifully  illustrated.  She 
is  the  author  of  numerous  stories,  prose 
articles,  and  many  beautiful  poems.  She 
edited  and  compiled  Wit  and  Wisdom  of 
Don  Quixote,  including  the  life  of  Cer 
vantes;  and  also  Wit  and  Wisdom  of 
Charles  Dickens. 


HBRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


THOMPSON,  ERNEST  MEREDETH, 
lawyer,  lecturer,  was  born  July  25,  1854,  in 

Crystal  Lake,  111.  In  1884  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar,  and  is  now  a  prominent 

lawyer   of   Independence,    Iowa.      He    has 

held  high  positions  in  religious,  social 
.and  literary  societies;  is  field  secretary 
•of  The  National  Christian  Citizenship 

league;  and  has  attained  prominence  as  a 
.lecturer. 

THOMPSON,  FRANCIS  M.,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  antiquarian,  was  born  Oct.  16, 
1833,  in  Colerain,  Mass.  He  received  a 
thorough  education  in  the  common  and 
select  schools  and  at  the  Williston  sem 
inary.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
•  of  New  England  at  Greenfield,  Mass.,  has 
been  town  clerk,  town  treasurer,  assessor, 
selectman,  and  was  a  member  of  the  first 
legislature  of  Montana.  Since  1870  he  has 
been  register  of  probate  of  Franklin  coun 
ty,  Mass.  He  has  contributed  extensively 
to  current  literature;  is  a  noted  antiquar 
ian;  and  the  author  of  valuable  historical 
papers  and  addresses. 

THOMPSON,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
lawyer,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
May  14,  1806,  in  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio.  He 
was  United  States  district  attorney  for 
Virginia  in  1849;  was  elected  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  that  state  in  1851 
and  1852;  left  congress  for  the  bench.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Living  Forces  of 
the  Universe,  in  1866;  Address  on  the 
Common  Schools,  1841;  Right  of  Virginia 
to  the  Northwest  Territory;  and  Life  of 
Linn  Boyd.  He  died  Feb.  24,  1888,  in 
Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

THOMPSON,  HEDGE,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  during  the  years  1827  and 
1828.  He  died  July  20,  1828,  in  Salem. 

THOMPSON,  HUGH  MILLER,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  June  5,  1830,  in  Ireland. 
He  is  the  second  protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  Mississippi,  and  the  author  of 
Unity  and  Its  Restoration;  Copy,  a  col 
lection  of  essays;  Sin  and  Its  Penalty; 
First  Principles;  The  World  and  the  Lo 
gos;  The  World  and  the  Kingdom;  The 
World  and  the  Man;  The  World  and  the 
Wrestlers;  and  Absolution. 

THOMPSON,  HUGH  S.,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1836, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  served  in  the 
confederate  army  as  an  officer  of  the  corps 
of  cadets,  and  in  1865  was  elected  princi 
pal  of  the  Columbia  Male  academy,  which, 
under  his  charge1,  acquired  a  high  reputa 
tion  as  a  classical  school.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  state  superintendent  of  education, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1878  and  1880.  In 
1882  he  was  elected  governor  of  South 
Carolina  for  the  term  of  two  years,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1884. 

THOMPSON,  JACOB,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  May  15,  1810,  in 
Caswell,  N.  C.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  university 
of  Chapel  Hill;  stud 
ied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1834,  and  during  the 
succeeding  year  re 
moved  to  the  state  of 
Mississippi.  He  was 
elected  to  congress 
as  a  representative 
from  Mississippi  in 
1839,  and  continued 
to  serve  in  that  ca 
pacity  until  1851.  He 
was  appointed  in  1857  secretary  of  the  in 
terior;  that  position  he  resigned  in  1861, 
and,  joining  the  rebellion,  served  as  gov 
ernor  of  Mississippi,  and  in  the  insurgent 
army.  He  died  March  24,  1885,  in  Mem 
phis,  Tenn. 


THOMPSON,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1806,  in 
Middlesex,  Pa.  He  was  elected  to  the  as 
sembly  of  his  native  state  in  1832,  1833, 
and  1834,  presiding  during  the  last  ses 
sion  as  speaker.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1845  to  1851.  In  1847  he 
was  elected  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Pennsylvania  for  fifteen  years;  and  in 
1866  was  made  chief  justice.  He  died  in 
1879,  in  Petersburg,  Va. 

THOMPSON,  JAMES  FRANKLIN,  jour 
nalist,  legislator,  was  born  May  29,  1844, 
in  Union  City,  Pa.  He  attended  Alle 
gheny  college  and  the  Tafton  Collegiate 
seminary.  He  taught  school  in  Wisconsin 
and  Iowa;  was  superintendent  of  schools 
of  Clayton  county  during  1882-87;  and 
principal  of  Elkader  school  in  1880.  In 
1881-85  he  was  clerk  of  courts;  and  in 
1886-90  was  a  representative  in  the  Iowa 
state  legislature.  He  entered  journalism 
in  1880  and  in  1890  became  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Daily  Humboldt  Standard 
of  Eureka,  Cal.  Since  1894  he  has  been 
receiver  of  the  United  States  land  office, 
and  is  prominent  in  political  affairs,  and 
several  fraternal  orders. 

THOMPSON,  JAMES  K.  P.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  banker,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1845, 
in  Carey,  Ohio.  He  served  three  years  in 
the  civil  war,  was  in  seven  battles,  and 
severely  wounded  at  Vicksburg.  He  was 
the  prime  mover  and  one  of  the  incorpo- 
rator.s  of  the  Vicksburg  National  bank. 
He  is  now  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Rock 
Rapids,  Iowa,  and  part  owner  of  the  Lyon 
County  bank  of  that  city.  He  has  been 
trustee  of  the  Iowa  college;  colonel  in  the 
Iowa  state  militia:  commander  depart 
ment  of  Iowa,  Grand  Army  of  the  Re 
public;  and  ranks  high  in  several  frater 
nal  orders. 

THOMPSON,  JEROME,  artist,  was  born 
Jan.  30,  1814,  in  Middleborough,  Mass.  He 
painted  both  landscapes  and  figures  with 
success,  his  best-known  works  being  Rem 
iniscences  of  Mount  Mansfield;  The  Old 
Oaken  Bucket;  Home,  Sweet  Home;  and 
Woodman,  Spare  That  Tree.  He  died  May 
1,  1886,  in  Glen  Gardner,  N.  J. 

THOMPSON,  JOEL,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York,  from  1813  to 
1815,  having  previously  served  one  year 
in  the  state  assembly  from  Albany,  and 
two  years  from  Chenango  county. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  from  Albany  in  1788 
and  1789,  in  1827  from  Delaware  county, 
and  in  1802  and  1841  from  Dutchess  coun 
ty.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  New  York,  from  1799  to  1801,  and 
again  from  1807  to  1811. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  a  citizen  of  the  territory  of  Orleans. 
In  1808  he  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  the  territory  of  Orleans. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN,  political  writer, 
was  born  in  1777.  He  was  the  author 
of  articles  signed  Casca  and  Gracchus  in 
the  Petersburg  Gazette,  in  which  he  at 
tacked  John  Adams's  administration,  and 
also  of  letters  signed  Curtius,  addressed 
to  Chief-Justice  John  Marshall  in  1798, 
which  were  issued  in  book-form.  He  died 
in  1799,  in  Petersburg,  Va. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  4,  1809,  in  Rhinebeck, 
N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  to  the  thirty  • 
fifth  congress. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN  BURTON,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  14,  1810,  in  Harrodsburg,  Ky.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 


that  state  from  1840  to  1843,  and  again 
from  1847  to  1851.  In  1853  he  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  for  the  long  term. 
He  died  Jan.  7,  1874,  in  Harrodsburg,  Ky. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN  GILBERT,  edu 
cator,  was  born  June  23,  1862,  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass.  In  1886  he  graduated 
from  Dartmouth  college,  and  has  since 
attained  eminence  as  a  successful  edu 
cator.  He  has  been  superintendent  of 
schools,  and  is  now  principal  of  the  State 
Normal  school  of  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN  M.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  4,  1829,  in  Butler  county,  Pa.  He 
served  two  terms  as  a  representative  in 
the  Pennsylvania  legislature,  the  last 
term  as  speaker.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty- 
third  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN  REUBEN,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1823, 
in  Richmond,  Va.  He  was  a  journalist 
and  lawyer  of  Richmond,  Va.,  editor  of 
the  Southern  Literary  Messenger  in  1847- 
59,  and  very  popular  in  the  south  as  a 
lyrist.  He  died  April  30,  1873,  in  New 
York  city. 

THOMPSON,  JONATHAN,  merchant, 
banker,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1773,  in  Sagtikos 
Manor,  L.  I.  He  was  collector  of  direct 
taxes  and  internal  revenue  for  the  state 
of  New  York  during  the  war  of  1812-15, 
and  afterward,  when  that  office  was  abol 
ished,  was  appointed  collector  of  customs 
of  the  port  of  New  York,  and  served  from 
1820  to  1829.  He  died  Dec.  30,  1846,  in 
New  York  city. 

THOMPSON,  JOSEPH  PARRISH,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1819,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  an  eminent 
congregational  clergyman  of  New  York 
city,  pastor  of  the  Broadway  Tabernacle 
in  1845-71,  and  from  1872  a  resident  in 
Berlin,  Germany.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  Theology  of  Christ;  Man  in  Gen 
esis  and  Geology;  Lectures  to  Young 
Men;  Church  and  State  in  the  United 
States;  The  United  States  as  a  Nation; 
Egypt  Past  and  Present;  The  Workman: 
His  False  Friends  and  His  True  Friends; 
Life  of  Christ;  American  Comments  on 
European  Questions;  Christianity  and 
Emancipation;  and  The  Holy  Comforter. 
He  died  Sept.  20,  1879,  in  Berlin,  Germany. 

THOMPSON,  LAUNT,  sculptor,  was 
born  Feb.  8,  1833,  in  Ireland.  He  worked 
in  Palmer's  studio  for  nine  years,  produc 
ing  several  portrait-busts  and  ideal  heads 
of  some  merit,  and  in  1858  removed  to 
New  York.  His  works  are  portrait-busts 
of  William  C.  Bryant,  in  the  Metropolitan 
museum,  New  York;  James  Gordon  Ben 
nett,  the  elder;  Robert  B.  Minturn;  Capt. 
Charles  H.  Marshall;  Edwin  Booth  as 
Hamlet;  Stephen  H.  Tyng;  and  Charles  L. 
Elliott  and  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse. 

THOMPSON,  LEWIS  C.,  clergyman, 
was  born  Sept.  13,  1857,  in  Nelson,  Ohio. 
He  has  attained  prominence  as  an  emi 
nent  clergyman  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate 
in  Hyattville,  Wyo. 

THOMPSON,  LEWIS  0.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  13,  1839,  in  Norway. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Peo- 
ria.  111.,  and  the  author  of  The  Presidents 
and  their  Administrations;  Nothing  Lost; 
How  to  Conduct  Prayer  Meetings;  The 
Prayer  Meeting  and  its  Improvement;  and 
Nineteen  Christian  Centuries  in  Outline. 
He.  died  July  16,  1887,  in  Henry,  111. 

THOMPSON.  MARK,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1795  to  1799. 


928 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


THOMPSON,  MAURICE,  soldier,  geol 
ogist,  state  legislator,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  9,  1844,  in  Fairfleld,  Ind.  He 
is  a  writer  of  Crawfordsville,  Ind.,  who 
was  a  confederate  soldier  during  the  civil 
war,  and  state  geologist  of  Indiana,  1885- 
89,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
state  legislature.  His  work  in  fiction 
includes,  A  Tallahassee  Girl;  His  Second 
Campaign;  At  Love's  Extremes;  A  Fort 
night  of  Folly;  The  Ocala  Boy;  and  King 
of  Honey  Island.  Other  works  are,  Hoo- 
sier  Mosaics,  a  volume  of  sketches;  The 
Witchery  of  Archery;  Songs  of  Fair  Wea 
ther;  Byways  and  Bird  Notes;  Sylvan 
Secrets;  The  Story  of  Louisiana;  Poems 
(1892);  and  Lincoln's  Grave,  a  Poem. 

THOMPSON,  MERRIWETHER  JEFF, 
soldier,  civil  engineer,  inventor,  was  born 
Jan.  22,  1826,  in  Harper's  Ferry,  Va.  He 
was  appointed  brigadier-general  in  the 
Missouri  state  guards  early  in  1861,  and 
in  the  confederate  army  in  October  of  that 
year.  He  was  the  inventor  of  a  hemp- 
break,  which  is  now  in  general  use,  and 
an  improved  pistol-lock.  He  died  in  July, 
1876,  in  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

THOMPSON,  MORTIMER,  lecturer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1830.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Doesticks;  What  He  Says;  Plu- 
Ri-Bus-Tah,  a  travesty  of  Hiawatha;  The 
Witches  of  New  York;  Nothing  to  Say; 
and  History  and  Records  of  the  Elephant 
Club.  He  died  in  1875. 

THOMPSON,  MOTHER,  founder  of  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  union, 
was  the  daughter  of  Governor  Trimble  of 
Ohio.  She  attended  the  first  national  tem 
perance  convention,  which  was  held  in 
the  Independence  hall  in  1883.  On  her 
return  home  to  Hillsboro,  Ohio,  she  or 
ganized  a  small  society  of  women  and 
started  a  crusade  against  the  saloons  in 
the  town.  Her  work  soon  spread  over  the 
country,  and  the  movement  became  pop 
ular,  and  has  since  developed  into  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  union. 

THOMPSON,  PHILIP,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky  from 
1823  to  1825. 

THOMPSON,  PHILIP  B.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1845,  in  Har- 
rodsburg,  Ky.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con- 
.  gresses  as  a  democrat. 

THOMPSON,  PHILIP  R.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1801  to  1807.  He  died  July 
22,  1837,  in  Virginia. 

THOMPSON,  RALPH  S.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  lecturer,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1847,  in 
Albion,  111.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  New  Era,  me  organ  of  the  na 
tional  party.  He  is  the  author  of  Science 
in  Farming,  which  has  been  used  as  a 
text-book  in  many  agricultural  colleges. 

THOMPSON,  RICHARD  E.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1856,  in  Fill- 
more  county,  Minn.  He  is  a  noted  law 
yer  of  Preston,  Minn.;  was  a  member  of 
the  Minnesota  state  legislature  in  1883 
and  1885;  and  in  1894  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  for  four  years. 

THOMPSON,  RICHARD  WIGGINTON, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  9,  1809,  in  Culpeper  county, 
Va.  He  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  legis 
lature  and  was  re-elected  in  1835.  In 
1836  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate, 
served  two  years,  and  was,  for  a  time, 
president  pro  tern,  of  the  senate,  and 
acting  lieutenant-governor.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1840.  In  1841  he 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
for  the  term  ending  in  1843,  and  in  1844 
was  again  chosen  a  presidential  elector. 


He  was  again  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Indiana  from  1847  to  1849,  when  he 
declined  a  re-election.  He  was  secretary 
of  the  navy,  in  the  cabinet  of  President 
Hayes,  from  1877  to  1881,  and  resigned  to 
become  vice-president  of  the  Panama 
Canal  company.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Papacy  and  the  Civil  Power;  Foot 
prints  of  the  Jesuits;  and  History  of 
Protective  Tariff  Laws. 

THOMPSON,  ROBERT  A.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1847  to  1849. 

THOMPSON,  ROBERT  ELLIS,  journal 
ist,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1844  In 
Ireland.  He  is  a  political  economist  "of 
Philadelphia.  He  was  editor  of  The  Penn 
Monthly,  1870-80;  professor  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania,  1870-92;  and 
president  of  the  Central  High  school  from 
1894.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of  the 
Presbyterian  Churches  in  the  United 
States;  Elements  of  Political  Economy; 
Social  Science  and  National  Economy; 
Hard  Times  and  What  to  Learn  from 
Them;  Protection  to  Home  Industry;  and 
De  Civitate  Dei. 

THOMPSON,  ROBERT  HARVEY,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1847,  in 
Copiah  county,  Miss.  He  served  as  a  con 
federate  soldier  in  the  civil  war.  During 
1876-80  he  was  state  senator  in  the  Mis 
sissippi  legislature;  code  commissioner  in 
1891-92;  and  trustee  of  the  university  of 
Mississippi  in  1890-96. 

THOMPSON,  SEYMOUR  DWIGHT,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  18 — .  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  St.  Louis,  and  the  author  of 
On  the  Liability  of  Stockholders  in  Cor 
porations;  Charging  the  Jury;  The  Law 
of  Carriers  of  Passengers;  The  Law  of 
Negligence  in  Relations  not  resting  in 
Contract;  and  Liabilities  of  Directors. 

THOMPSON,  SMITH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1768,  in  Stanford,  N.  Y. 
In  1801  he  was  district  attorney  in  the 
middle  district  of  New  York;  was  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  York  from  1802 
to  1814;  and  was  chief  justice  from  1814  to 
1818.  He  was  secretary  of  the  navy  from 
1818  to  1823;  and  was  an  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  supreme  court 
from  1823  until  his  death.  He  died  Dec. 
18,  1843,  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

THOMPSON,  THOMAS  L.,  publisher, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  May  31, 
1838,  in  Charleston,  Va.  He  has  been  for 
thirty-two  years  a  printer,  editor,  and 
publisher,  and  in  I860  he  purchased  the 
Sonoma  Democrat  in  Santa  Rosa,  Cal.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic  national 
convention  at  Cincinnati  in  1880,  and  was 
elected  secretary  of  state  in  1882.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress. 

THOMPSON,  THOMAS  OLIVER,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  Woodstock,  111.  He 
moved  to  Chicago  in  1871  and  became 
connected  with  the  Chicago  Times,  with 
which  he  was  connected  for  eight  years. 
He  resigned  the  editorial  chair  to  become 
private  secretary  of  the  elder  Carter  H. 
Harrison,  which  he  filled  during  1879-85. 
He  next  served  as  a  member  of  the  Cook 
county  board  of  education  for  three  years, 
being  president  of  that  body  during  the 
last  year  of  his  term.  He  has  written  sev 
eral  works;  Food  Frauds;  The  Tariff;  and 
Anarchy  and  Anarchist.  He  now  edits  and 
manages  two  trade  papers. 

THOMPSON,  THOMAS  W.,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  15,  1766,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1805  to  1807;  was  state 
treasurer  in  1809,  and  was  a  United  States 
senator  from  1814  to  1817.  He  died  Oct. 
1,  1821,  In  Concord. 


THOMPSON,  WADDY,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  8, 
1798,  in  Pickensville,  S.  C.  He  served  in 
the  legislature  of  his  native  state,  and 
was  at  one  time  solicitor  for  the  western 
circuit  of  South  Carolina.  He  was  chosen 
a  presidential  elector;  attained  the  mili 
tary  title  of  brigadier-general,  and  in  1842 
was  appointed  minister  plenipotentiary  to 
Mexico,  about  which  country  he  published 
an  interesting  work.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  congress  from  1835  to  1841.  He 
died  Nov.  23,  1868,  in  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

THOMPSON,  WILEY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Amelia  county,  Va.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1821  to  1833. 

THOMPSON,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  con 
gressman.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Iowa  from  1847  to 
1851.  He  served  through  the  war  of  the 
rebellion,  upwards  of  four  years,  as  cap 
tain,  major,  and  colonel  in  the  first  Iowa 
cavalry,  and  as  brevet  brigadier-general, 
had  command  of  a  brigade.  He  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  a  captain  of  cavalry 
in  the  regular  army. 

THOMPSON,  WILLIAM  G.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1830,  in  Butler  county, 
Pa.  In  1854  he  was  elected  prosecuting 
attorney  for  two  years;  in  1856  was  elect 
ed  a  state  senator  for  four  years.  He  en 
tered  the  union  army  in  1862  as  a  major, 
and  served  until  1864.  He  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1864,  and  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  eighth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Iowa,  and  served  seven  years.  He 
was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  terri 
tory  of  Idaho  in  January,  1879.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

THOMPSON,  WILLIAM  JACKSON, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1835, 
in  Rappahannock  county,  Va.  Since  1892 
he  has  been  president  of  the  White  and 
Black  River  Valley  railway  at  Little 
Rock,  Ark. 

THOMPSON,  WILLIAM  OXLEY,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  Nov. 
5,  1855,  in  Cambridge,  Ohio.  This  eminent 
Presbyterian  clergyman  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Miami  university  of  Oxford, 
Ohio,  since  1891. 

THOMPSON,  WILLIAM  P.,  manufac 
turer,  financier,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1837,  in 
Wheeling,  W.  Va.  In  1882  he  became  sec 
retary,  and  in  1884 
j  succeeded  Oliver  H. 
'  Payne  as  vice-presi- 
|  dent  of  the  Standard 
-1  Oil  company,  having 
.'  general  charge  of  the 
i  affairs  of  the  com 
pany  throughout  the 
states  west  of  Buf- 
.  falo.  The  growing 
business  of  the  cor 
poration  compelled 
his  removal  to  New 
York  city  in  1887, 
and  when  the  Standard  Oil  Trust  was 
formed  by  a  union  of  a  number  of  sep 
arate  companies,  he  became  chairman  of 
the  domestic  committee,  having  charge  of 
its  internal  affairs. 

THOMPSON,  WILLIAM  TAPPAN,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1812,  in  Ravenna, 
Ohio.  He  was  a  prominent  journalist  of 
Savannah,  the  rough,  extravagant  humor 
of  whose  studies  of  Georgia  life  was  once 
popular.  He  was  the  author  of  Major 
Jones's  Courtship;  Major  Jones's  Sketches 
of  Travel;  Major  Jones's  Characters  of 
Pineville;  The  Live  Indian,  a  Farce;  and 
John's  Alive.  He  died  March  24,  1882,  in 
Savannah,  Ga. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


THOMPSON,  WiNFIELD  SCOTT,  law 
yer,  business  man,  was  born  June  23,  1842, 
in  Penn  Grove,  N.  J.  He  received  a 
thorough  education;  attended  Pennington 
seminary;  and  in  1865  graduated  from  the 
Albany  Law  School.  The  same  year  he 
moved  to  Missouri,  and  has  ever  since 
been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  that  state,  making  a  specialty 
of  land  and  real  estate  titles. 

THOMPSON,  ZADOCK,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  Dorn  May  23,  1796,  in 
Bridgewater.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman,  professor  of  natural  history  in 
the  university  of  Vermont,  and  state  geol 
ogist  in  1815-48.  He  was  the  author  of 
History  of  Vermont,  Natural,  Civil,  and 
Statistical;  Gazetteer  of  Vermont;  Geog 
raphy  and  Geology  of  Vermont;  and 
Guide  to  Lake  George.  He  died  Jan.  19, 
1856,  in  Burlington,  Vt. 

THOMSON,  ALEXANDER,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1788,  in  Franklin 
county,  Pa.  He  was  'a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1824  to 
1826.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1848,  in  Chambers- 
burg,  Pa. 

THOMSON,  CHARLES,  patriot,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  29,  1729,  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  writer  of  Lower  Merion,  Pa.,  who 
was  secretary  of  the  first  continental  con 
gress  during  1774-89.  He  published  Inquiry 
Into  the  Causes  of  the  Alienation  of 
the  Delaware  and  Shawanese  Indians; 
Synopsis  of  the  Four  Evangelists;  and  a 
noted  translation  of  the  Bible,  that  of 
the  Old  Testament  being  the  earliest  Eng 
lish  version  of  the  Septuagint.  He  died 
Aug.  16,  1824,  in  Lower  Merion,  Pa. 

THOMSON,  CHARLES  WEST,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1798,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  at  York,  Pa.,  in  1849-66,  who 
wrote  The  Limner,  in  prose;  and  in  verse, 
The  Phantom  Barge;  The  Sylph;  Elinor; 
and  The  Love  of  Home.  He  died  April  17, 
1879,  in  York,  Pa. 

THOMSON,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  Oct.  12, 
1810,  in  England.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman,  president  of  Ohio  Wesleyan 
university  in  1846-60,  and  the  author  of 
Evidences  of  Revealed  Religion;  Our  Ori 
ental  Missions;  Educational  Essays; 
Moral  and  Religious  Essays;  Biographical 
Sketches;  Letters  from  Europe;  and  Let 
ters  from  India.  He  died  March  21,  1870, 
in  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

THOMSON,  EDWARD  WILLIAM,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  in  1849  in 
Ontario.  He  is.  a  civil  engineer  of  Boston 
who  was  for  some  years  editor-in-chief 
of  The  Toronto  Globe.  He  is  the  author 
of  Old  Man  Savarin,  and  Other  Stories, 
a  striking  collection  of  short  stories;  Wal 
ter  Gibbs,  a  book  for  boys;  and  the  me 
trical  portions  of  M.  S.  Henry's  version 
of  Aucassin  and  Nicolette. 

THOMSON,  ELIHU,  electrician,  invent 
or,  was  born  March  29,  1853,  in  England. 
In  1876  he  became  professor  of  chemistry 
and  physics.  To  aid  in  the  delivery  of 
lectures  at  the  Franklin  institute  in  1876- 
77,  he  made  a  practical  dynamo  and  in 
vented  a  number  of  ingenious  machines, 
and,  in  1878-79,  obtained  several  patents 
for  electric  lighting  apparatus. 

THOMSON,  FREDERICK  BORDINE, 
missionary,  author,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1809, 
in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  published  a 
Dyak  Hymn-Book,  the  first  printed  book 
in  that  language;  and  Brown's  Catechism 
in  Dyak;  and  translated  into  the  same 
tongue  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  and  the 
first  twenty  chapters  of  Genesis.  He  left 
an  unfinished  work  on  The  Economy  of 
Missions.  He  died  March  3,  1847,  in  Swit 
zerland. 

59 


THOMSON,  JAMES  BATES,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  21,  1808,  in  Spring 
field,  Vt.  He  was  an  educator  of  Brooklyn 
who  was  a  mathematician  and  concholo- 
gist.  He  published  a  School  Algebra;  and 
Arithmetical  Analysis,  and  a  popular 
series  of  arithmetics.  He  died  June  22, 
1883,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

THOMSON,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1777  in  Franklin  county,  Pa.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1825  to  1827,  and  again  from 
1829  to  1837.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1852,  in 
New  Lisbon,  Ohio. 

THOMSON,  JOHN  EDGAR,  civil  en 
gineer,  railroad  president,  was  born  Feb. 
10,  1808,  in  Springfield,  Pa.  In  1847  he 
became  chief  engineer  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  railroad,  and  in  1852  he  was  made 
its  president,  which  office  he  held  until 
his  death.  He  died  May  27,  1874,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. 

THOMSON,  JOHN  I.,  manufacturer, 
banker,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1850,  in  Lancas 
ter,  Pa.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
city  council  of  Spartansburg,  Pa.,  and  for 
twenty-one  years  has  been  secretary  of 
the  board  of  education.  He  is  the  pro 
prietor  of  the  Spartansburg  Flouring 
mills;  president  of  the  Spartansburg  bank, 
and  takes  a  prominent  part  in  public  af 
fairs. 

THOMSON,  JOHN  RENSHAW,  mer 
chant,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  25,  1800,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In 
1820  he  established  himself  as  a  merchant 
in  Canton,  China.  He  was  appointed  con 
sul  of  the  United  States  at  that  port  in 
1823,  and  remained  there  until  1825.  After 
the  year  1830  he  engaged  in  the  manage 
ment  of  several  railways  and  of  the  New 
Jersey  canal.  He  was  United  States  sen 
ator  from  New  Jersey  from  1853  to  1857; 
and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1863.  He  died  Sept.  13,  1862,  in  Trenton, 
N.  J. 

THOMSON,  SAMUEL,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1769,  in  Alstead, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  physician  of  Boston  who 
originated  the  Thomsonian  school  of 
medicine,  so  called,  and  the  author  of 
Materia  Medica  and  Family  Physician; 
New  Guide  to  Health;  and  Life  and  Medi 
cal  Discoveries.  He  died  in  1843  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

THOMSON,  SAMUEL  HARRISON,  ed 
ucator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
26,  1813,  in  Nicholas  county,  Ky.  He  was 
a  presbyterian  clergyman  and  educator, 
and  the  author  of  The  Mosaic  Account  of 
the  Creation;  and  Geology  an  Interpreter 
of  Scripture.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1882,  in 
Pasadena,  Cal. 

THOMSON,  WILLIAM,  surgeon,  was 
born  Jan.  28,  1833,  in  Chambersburg,  Pa. 
He  was  with  the  army  of  the  Potomac 
throughout  the  civil  war,  either  in  the 
field  or  at  Washington.  He  was  raised  to 
the  post  of  medical  inspector  of  the  de 
partment  of  Washington  in  1864,  received 
two  brevets,  and  after  the  war  was  sent 
to  Louisiana,  but  he  resigned  from  the 
army  in  1866. 

THOMSON,  WILLIAM  HANNA,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  in  1833  in  Syria. 
He  is  a  physician  of  New  York  city,  and 
the  author  of  The  Great  Argument,  or 
Jesus  Christ  in  the  Old  Testament;  The 
Parables  and  Their  Home;  and  Material 
ism  and  Modern  Physiology  of  the  Ner 
vous  System. 

THOMSON,  WILLIAM  McCLURE,  mis 
sionary,  author,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1806, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  a  presbyte 
rian  missionary  in  Beyrout  in  1833-76, 
widely  known  as  the  author  of  The  Land 
and  the  Book.  He  wrote  also  The  Land  of 
Promise. 


THORBURN,  GRANT,  merchant,  au- ' 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1773,  in  Scotland. 
He  was  a  Scottish  nail-maker  who  came 
to  America  in  1794,  and  subsequently  es 
tablished  himself  in  New  York  city  as  a 
seedsman.  He  was  a  noted  figure  in  his 
day,  not  only  as  the  hero  of  Gait's  novel, 
Lawrie  Todd,  but  because  of  his  eccentri 
cities.  He  was  the  author  of  Lawrie 
Todd's  Notes  on  Virginia;  Fifty  Years' 
Reminiscences  of  New  York;  Men  and 
Manners  in  Great  Britain;  Hints  to  Mer 
chants,  Married  Men,  and  Bachelors;  and 
Forty  Years'  Residence  in  America.  He 
died  Jan.  21,  1863,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

THOREAU,  HENRY  DAVID,  author, 
poet,  was  born  July  12,  1817,  in  Concord, 
Mass.  He  was  all  his  life  a  resident  of 
Concord,  Mass.  A  Week  on  the  Concord 
and  Merrimac  Rivers,  and  Walden  were 
the  only  works  by  him  which  were  pub 
lished  in  his  lifetime.  Those  since  issued 
include,  Excursions;  Maine  Woods;  Cape 
Cod;  A  Yankee  in  Canada.  Early  Spring 
in  Massachusetts;  Summer;  Autumn; 
Winter,  are  selections  from  Thoreau's 
Journal,  edited  by  H.  G.  0.  Blake.  Still 
other  works  are,  Miscellanies;  Letters  to 
Various  Persons;  Familiar  Letters;  and 
Poems  of  Nature.  He  died  May  6,  1862, 
in  Concord,  Mass. 

THORINGTON,  JAMES,  congressman, 
was  born  in  North  Carolina.  Removing 
to  Iowa,  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  that  state  to  the  thirty-fourth  con 
gress. 

THORINGTON,  WILLIAM  SEWELL, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  July  30, 
1847,  in  Montgomery,  Ala.  In  1867  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar; 
has  been  city  attor 
ney  of  Montgomery, 
and  judge  advocate- 
general  for  four 
years.  He  has  been 
judge  of  the  city 
court  of  Montgomery 
(law  and  equity 
court) ;  associate 
justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Ala- 
fa  a  m  a  (appellate 
court),  and  declined 
re-election  in  1892.  He  was  appointed 
trustee  of  the  State  university  of  Alaba 
ma  to  succeed  Hon.  H.  A.  Herbert,  and 
still  fills  that  position.  During  1864-65  he 
was  in  the  confederate  service  with  the 
Alabama  corps  of  cadets,  of  which  he  was 
adjutant  in  1865.  This  able  lawyer  and 
jurist  has  always  been  a  resident  in  the 
place  of  his  nativity.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  several  works.  In  1897  he  was 
elected  dean  of  the  law  faculty  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Alabama. 

THORN,  FRANK  MANLY,  superintend 
ent  of  the  coast  survey,  journalist,  public 
official,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1836,  in  Collins, 
N.  Y.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  chief 
clerk  in  the  bureau  of  internal  revenue  in 
Washington,  and  a  few  weeks  later  was 
made  superintendent  of  the  United  States 
coast  and  geodetic  survey,  which  office  he 
still  fills. 

THORNBURGH,  JACOB  M.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  July  3, 
1837,  in  Newmarket.  Tenn.  In  1862  he 
joined  the  federal  army  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  promoted  until  he  became  colonel  of 
the  fourth  Tennessee  cavalry  in  1863.  In 
1867  he  moved  to  Knoxville,  and  was  ap 
pointed  attorney-general  of  the  third  dis 
trict  of  Tennessee,  and  was  elected  to  the 
same  position  in  1869  and  1870.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fourth  and 
forty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 


930 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


THORNBURY,  FRANK  J.,  physician, 
author.  This  eminent  lecturer  on  medical 
topics  fills  the  chair  of  bacteriology  in 
the  university  of  Buffalo,  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  numerous  books,  pamphlets  and 
treatises,  which  have  made  his  name  fa 
mous  in  the  medical  world. 

THORNDIKE,  GEORGE  QUINCY,  art 
ist,  was  born  about  1825  in  Boston,  Mass. 
His  landscapes  showed  many  of  the  char 
acteristics  of  the  French  school.  His 
better  known  works  include  The  Wayside 
Inn;  Swans  in  Central  Park;  and  The  Lily 
Pond.  He  died  in  December,  1886,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

THORNDIKE,  ISRAEL,  merchant, 
philanthropist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
in  1757  in  Beverly,  Mass.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Massachusetts  convention  that  rati 
fied  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
and  for  many  years  sat  in  the  Massachu 
setts  legislature.  He  settled  in  Boston  in 
1810,  and  in  1818  purchased  for  the  use  of 
Harvard  the  library  of  Prof.  Christoph 
Daniel  Ebeling  of  Hamburg,  which  con 
sists  of  4,000  volumes,  and  is  remarkably 
rich  in  works  on  American  history  and 
antiquities.  He  died  May  10,  1832,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

THORNE,  EDITH  H.,  poet.  She  is  the 
author  of  numerous  meritorious  poems, 
which  have  appeared  principally  in  Mis 
souri  publications,  and  in  several  standard 
collections. 

THORNE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  England.  He  is 
an  aggressive  essayist  and  critic,  and  ed 
itor  of  The  Globe  Review  from  1889.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  from  England 
in  1855,  and  after  some  years  spent  in  the 
Presbyterian  ministry  became  a  Roman 
catholic  layman.  He  is  the  author  of 
Modern  Idols;  Studies  in  Biography  and 
Criticism;  and  Quintets,  and  Other  Verses. 

THORNTON,  ANTHONY,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1814,  in  Bour 
bon  county,  Ky.  In  1847  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
constitution  of  Illinois,  and  in  1850  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature.  In  1864 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Illi 
nois  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress. 

THORNTON,  ELIZA  B.,  poet,  was  born 
July  23,  1795,  in  North  Hampton,  N.  H. 
She  was  for  many  years  a  contributor  of 
poetry  to  the  Southern  Literary  Messen 
ger,  the  Christian  Mirror,  and  other  peri 
odicals.  Her  best  known  piece  is  The 
Mayflower.  She  died  July  27,  1854,  in 
Saco,  Maine. 

THORNTON,  GUSTAVUS  BROWN, 
sanitarian,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1835, 
in  Bowling  Green,  Va.  In  addition  to  his 
official  reports  as  president  of  the  Mem 
phis  board  of  health,  he  has  contributed 
numerous  memoirs  on  sanitary  subjects  to 
the  Proceedings  of  the  American  Public 
Health  Association,  and  to  the  transac 
tions  of  other  societies  of  which  he  is  a 
member.  These  include  Yellow  Fever, 
Pathology  and  Treatment;  Memphis  San 
itation  and  Quarantine  in  1879  and  1880; 
and  Sanitation  of  the  Mississippi  Valley. 

THORNTON,  JAMES  B.,  state  legis 
lator,  author,  was  born  in  Merrimack,  N. 
H.  He  was  speaker  of  the  New  Hamp 
shire  state  legislature  in  1829  and  1830. 
He  was  the  author  of  Digest  of  the  Con 
veyancing,  Testamentary,  and  Registry 
Laws  of  the  United  States  in  1837.  He 
was  charge  d'affaires  to  Peru  in  1836.  He 
died  Jan.  25,  1838,  in  Callao,  N.  H. 

THORNTON,  JAMES  BANKHEAD, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1806,  in 
Mount  Zephyr,  Va.  He  represented  his 
district  in  the  Virginia  senate  in  1838-40, 
and  was  one  of  the  prime  movers  in  the 


establishment  of  the  Military  institute 
at  Lexington,  Va.  He  was  the  author  of 
a  Digest  of  the  Conveyancing,  Testament 
ary,  and  Registry  Laws  of  the  States  of 
the  Union.  He  died  Oct.  12,  1867,  in  Mem 
phis,  Tenn. 

THORNTON,  JAMES  SHEPARD,  naval 
officer,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1826,  in  Merri 
mack,  N.  H.  He  was  on  the  Kearsarge  in 
its  fight  with  the  Alabama,  and  attained 
the  rank  of  captain  in  1872.  He  died  May 
14,  1875,  in  Germantown,  Pa.;  and  his 
portrait  hangs  in  the  new  library  build 
ing  of  the  New  Hampshire  state  capitol. 

THORNTON,  JESSY  QUINN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1810,  near 
Point  Pleasant,  W.  Va.  He  was  an  Oregon 
jurist  of  note,  and  the  author  of  Oregon 
and  California  in  1848;  History  of  the 
Provisional  Government  of  Oregon;  and 
The  Gold  Mines  of  California.  He  died 
Feb.  5,  1888,  in  Salem,  Ore. 

THORNTON,  JOHN  WINGATE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1714  in  Ireland.  He 
is  a  Boston  lawyer  of  genealogical  tastes, 
and  the  author  of  Colonial  Schemes  of 
Popham  and  Gorges;  The  Landing  at 
Cape  Anne;  First  Records  of  Anglo-Am 
erican  Civilization;  The  Pulpit  of  the 
American  Revolution;  and  Historical  Re 
lation  of  New  England  to  the  English 
Commonwealth. 

THORNTON,  MATTHEW,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born  in 
1714  in  Ireland.  He  was  appointed  a  sur 
geon  in  the  army  from  New  Hampshire, 
and  commanded  a  regiment  of  militia  in 
the  revolutionary  war.  He  was,  for  six 
years,  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  chief  justice  of  the  com 
mon  pleas.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1776  to  1778, 
and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  declara 
tion  of  independence.  He  also  served,  for 
several  years,  in  the  general  court  and  in 
the  state  senate,  and  was  appointed  jus 
tice  of  the  peace  and  quorum  throughout 
the  state.  He  died  June  24,  1803,  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass. 

THORNTON,  THOMAS  C.,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1794,  in  Dum 
fries,  Va.  He  was  the  author  of  Inquiry 
Into  the  History  of  Slavery  in  the  United 
States,  and  other  works.  He  died  March 
23,  1860,  in  Mississippi. 

THORNTON,  WILLIAM.  physician, 
architect,  author,  was  born  in  West  In 
dies.  He  was  a  physician  and  architect  of 
Philadelphia  who  removed  to  Washing 
ton,  where  he  drew  the  plans  of  the  first 
capitol  building,  and  was  at  the  head  of 
the  patent  office  in  1802-27.  He  was  the 
author  of  Cadmus,  or  the  Elements  of 
Written  Language.  He  died  in  1827,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

THORNTON,  WILLIAM,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1846  in  England.  He  is 
a  physician  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of 
The  Origin,  Purpose,  and  Destiny  of  Man. 

THORNTON,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  au 
thor.  This  prolific  writer  is  the  author  of 
several  valuable  legal  reference  books,  the 
most  important  of  which  are:  Universal 
Encyclopedia  of  Law;  Statutory  Con 
structions;  Practice  Code;  Municipal  Law; 
and  Lost  Wills. 

THORNWELL,  JAMES  HENLEY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1812  in  Marl- 
borough,  S.  C.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  professor  in  the  theological 
seminary  at  Columbia,  S.  C.,  prominent 
alike  for  his  rigid  Calvinism  and  his  ex 
treme  pro-slavery  opinions.  He  was  the 
author  of  Arguments  of  Romanists  Dis 
cussed  and  Refuted;  Discourses  on  Truth; 
Rights  and  Duties  of  Masters;  and  The 
State  of  the  Country.  He  died  Aug.  1, 
1862,  in  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


THORP,  ROBERT  T.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  12,  1850,  in  Gran- 
ville  county,  N.  C.  In  1877  he  was  ap 
pointed  commonwealth  attorney  for  Meck 
lenburg  county,  Va.,  to  fill  an  unexpired 
term;  and  was  elected  to  the  same  posi 
tion  for  four  successive  terms,  serving  in 
that  office  for  eighteen  years.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

THORP,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Delaware.  He  was  elected  govern 
or  of  that  state  in  1846,  remaining  in 
office  until  1851. 

THORPE.  FRANCIS  NEWTON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1857  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  and  the 
author  of  The  Government  of  the  People 
of  the  United  States;  and  The  Story  of  the 
Constitution. 

THORPE,  MRS.  ROSA  (HARTWICK), 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1850,  in  Misha- 
Ind.  She  is  a  poet  chiefly  known 
as  the  author  of  Cur 
few  Must  Not  Ring 
To-Night.  Temper 
ance  Poems;  Ring 
ing  Ballads;  and  sev 
eral  juvenile  prose 
works,  including  The, 
Year's  Best  Days; 
The  Chester  Girls; 
Fred's  Dark  Days; 
The  Fenton  Fam 
ily;  and  Minna 
Bruce.  Her  poems 
have  also  been  in 
cluded  in  a  number  of  standard  col 
lections. 

THORPE,  THOMAS  BANGS,  artist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  1,  1815,  in  West- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  an  artist  and  author 
of  New  Orleans  in 
1836-53,  and  in  later 
life  of  New  York 
city.  Niagara  as  It 
Is  is  his  finest  paint 
ing.  His  writings  in 
clude  The  Hive  of 
the  Bee  Hunter; 
Tom  Owen  the  Bee 
Hunter;  Mysteries 
of  the  Backwoods; 
Our  Army  of  the  Rio 
Grande;  Our  Army 
at  Monterey;  A 
Voice  to  America;  Scenes  in  Arkansas; 
and  Lynde  Weirs,  an  Autobiography.  He 
died  in  October,  1878,  in  New  York  city. 

THRELKELD,  ISAAC  N.,  lawyer,  was 
born  March  14,  1870,  near  Benton,  111. 
He  received  a  thorough  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  county  and  at 
Ewing  college.  He  studied  law,  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  attained  prom 
inence  as  one  of  the  leading  corporation 
and  criminal  lawyers  of  Illinois  at  Belle 
ville. 

THROCKMORTON,  JAMES  WEBB, 
soldier,  state  senator,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1825,  in  Sparta, 
Tenn.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Texas  leg 
islature  in  1851;  and  served  in  that  body 
until  the  civil  war  in  1861.  In  1861  he 
entered  i-e  confederate  service,  and  con 
tinued  actively  engaged  until  1863.  In  that 
year  he  was  elected  state  senator;  was 
appointed  brigadier-general  of  state 
troops,  and  sent  to  command  the  north 
west  border  of  the  state.  He  was  elected 
governor  of  Texas  in  1866,  and  was  re 
moved  under  the  reconstruction  acts  of 
1869.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Texas  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


331 


THKOOP,  ENDS  THOMPSON,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Aug.  21,  1784,  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  during 
the  years  1815  and  1816,  and  in  1823  was 
elected  circuit  judge.  In  1829  he  became 
lieutenant-governor  of  New  York,  and 
in  1831  was  governor  of  that  state.  In 
1838  he  was  appointed  charge  d'affaires 
to  the  two  Sicilies.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1874, 
near  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

THROOP,  MONTGOMERY  HUNT,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1827.  He 
is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Future:  a  Political  Essay; 
Validity  of  Verbal  Agreements;  Annotat 
ed  Code  of  Civil  Procedure;  The  New 
York  Justices'  Manual;  Digest  of  Massa 
chusetts  Supreme  Judicial  Court  Deci 
sions;  and  Revised  Statutes  of  the  State 
of  New  York. 

THRUSTON,  BUCKNER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1763  in  Win 
chester,  Va.  He  was  appointed  federal 
judge  in  the  territory  of  Orleans  in  1805, 
and  was,  the  same  year,  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  linited  States  senate  from  Ken 
tucky  for  six  years.  He  resigned  in  1809, 
on  being  appointed  by  President  Madison 
judge  of  the  United  States  circuit  court 
of  the  District  of  Columbia,  which  office 
he  held  until  his  death.  He  died  Aug.  30, 
1845,  in  Washington. 

THRUSTON,  CHARLES  MYNN,  soldier, 
jurist,  legislator,  was  born  in  1738  in 
Gloucester  county,  Va.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  revolution  he  raised  a  company, 
was  commissioned  as  captain,  and  badly 
wounded  at  Trenton.  On  his  recovery  he 
was  appointed  colonel,  being  known  as  the 
Warrior  Parson.  After  the  war  he  was 
judge  and  a  member  of  the  legislature, 
and  in  1808  removed  to  Louisiana.  He 
died  in  1812  near  New  Orleans,  La. 

THRUSTON,  CHARLES  MYNN,  sol 
dier,  banker,  was  born  Feb.  22, 1789,  in  Lex 
ington,  Ky.  In  1814  he  was  commissioned 
as  lieutenant  of  artillery,  and  assigned 
to  duty  on  Governor's  Island,  New  York 
harbor.  He  became  adjutant  of  his  regi 
ment  in  1821,  and  during  the  Florida  war 
in  1835-36  was  acting  adjutant-general  of 
the  Florida  army.  Resigning  in  1836,  he 
settled  on  a  farm  at  Cumberland,  Md. 
He  became  president  of  a  bank  in  1838, 
and  mayor  in  1861.  He  died  in  February, 
1873,  in  Cumberland,  Md. 

THRUSTON,  GATES  PHILLIPS,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  June  11,  1835,  in 
Dayton,  Ohio.  He  was  promoted  major 
and  assistant  adjutant-general  in  1863, 
and  was  brevetted  colonel  and  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  for  gallantry.  Since 
the  war  he  has  followed  his  profession  at 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

THUMMELL,  GEORGE  HAMILTON, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1848, 
in  Palmyra,  111.  He  began  the  practice  of 
law  in  Grand  Island,  Neb.  In  1871  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Nebraska  constitutional 
convention;  and  six  years  later  was  elect 
ed  state  senator. 

THURBER,  CHARLES  HERBERT,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  In  1864  in  New 
York.  He  is  an  educator  of  Chicago,  a 
professor  in  the  university  of  Chicago 
from  1895,  and  the  author  of  In  and  Out 
of  Ithaca;  and  The  Higher  Schools  of 
Prussia. 

THURBER,  GEORGE,  botanist,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1821  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  a  botanist  who  edited 
The  American  Agriculturist  in  1863-90.  He 
published  American  Weeds  and  Useful 
Plants,  a  revision  of  Darlington's  Agricul 
tural  Botany.  He  died  in  1890. 


THURMAN,  ALLEN  GRANBERRY, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1813,  in  Lynch- 
burg,  Va.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  twenty-ninth  congress,  and 
was  elected  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Ohio  in  1851.  He  was  chief  justice  of 
the  same  from  1854  to  1856.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
that  state  for  the  term  commencing  in 
1869  and  ending  in  1875,  and  was  re-elect 
ed  for  the  term  ending  in  1881. 

THURMAN,  JOHN  R.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1849  to  1851.  He  died 
July  25,  1854,  in  New  York. 

THURSBY,  EMMA  CECILIA,  vocalist, 
was  born  Feb.  21,  1857,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
She  was  a  choir  singer  in  Beecher's  Ply 
mouth  church  and  elsewhere.  Mr.  Stra- 
kosch  in  1879  introduced  her  to  the  con 
cert  stage,  where  her  remarkable  talents 
were  recognized  both  in  Europe  and 
America. 

THURSTON.  BENJAMIN  B.,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
June  29,  1804,  in  nopkinton,  R.  I.  He  was 
elected  fourteen  years  in  succession  .to 
the  assembly  of  his  native  state.  He  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1836,  and  in  1838 
was  lieutenant-governor.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Rhode  Island 
from  1847  to  1849,  and  again  from  1851  to 
1857.  He  was  subsequently  elected  a 
member  of  the  senate  of  Rhode  Island. 
He  died  May  17,  1886,  in  New  London, 
Conn. 

THURSTON,  BROWN,  publisher,  gene 
alogist,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1814,  in  Win- 
throp,  Maine.  He  was  the  first  job  printer 
to  introduce  the  power-press  in  Portland, 
Maine,  and  subsequently  introduced  ste 
reotyping,  electrotyping  and  wood  en 
graving.  In  1880  he  compiled  and  pub 
lished  the  first  edition  of  the  Thurston 
Genealogy;  and  in  1892  issued  a  second 
edition.  He  is  president  of  the  Brown- 
Thurston  Publishing  company  of  Portland, 
Maine. 

THURSTON,     CHARLES     BALDWIN, 
railroad    president,    was    born    April    2, 
1832,  in  New  York  city.    He  is  president  of 
the  Jersey  City  and 
-  Bergen      Railroad 

company;  treasurer 
and  manager  of  the 
Jersey  associates  of 
Jersey  City,  which 
own  nearly  all  the 
water  front  and  fer 
ry  rights;  has  charge 
as  president  of 
the  toll  roads  be 
tween  Jersey  City 
and  Newark;  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of 
park  commissioners  of  the  Hudson  com 
pany,  and  holds  other  positions  of  trust 
and  responsibility. 

THURSTON,  JOHN  MELLEN,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Aug.  21,  1847,  in  Montpelier,  Vt. 
He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Oma 
ha  city  council  in 
1872;  city  attorney 
of  Omaha  in  1874, 
and  a  member  of  the 
Nebraska  legislature 
in  1875.  He  was 
president  of  the  Re 
publican  league  of 
the  United  States  in 
1889  to  1891.  In  1877 
he  became  assistant 
attorney  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railway  company,  and  in 


1888  was  appointed  general  solicitor  of  the 
Union  Pacific  system,  and  held  that  posi 
tion  at  the  time  of  his  election  to  the 
senate.  In  1895  he  was  tendered  in  writ 
ing  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  entire  re 
publican  membership  in  the  legislature, 
and  was  elected  for  the  term  commencing 
March  4,  1895.  His  term  of  office  will  ex 
pire  March  3,  1901.  He  was  permanent 
chairman  of  the  republican  national  con 
vention  of  1896  which  nominated  Presi 
dent  McKinley.  He  is  a  constant  con 
tributor  to  current  publications;  and  an 
able  orator. 

THURSTON,  ROBERT  HENRY,  was 
born  Oct.  25,  1839,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
He  was  trained  in  the  workshops  of  his 
father, Robert  Lawton 
Thurston,  and  grad 
uated  from  Brown 
university  in  1859.  In 
1861  he  entered  the 
navy  as  an  officer  of 
engineers  and  served 
during  the  civil  war 
on  various  vessels. 
In  1865  he  was  de 
tailed  as  assistant 
professor  of  natural 
and  experimental 
philosophy  at  the 
United  States  naval  academy  of  Annap 
olis,  where  he  also  acted  as  lecturer  of 
chemistry  and  physics.  In  1870  he  visited 
Europe  for  the  purpose  of  studying  the 
British  iron  manufacturing  districts,  and 
in  1871  was  appointed  professor  of  me 
chanical  engineering  at  the  Stevens  in 
stitute  of  Technology;  and  has  written 
numerous  papers  on  technical  subjects, 
which  have  appeared  in  scientific  jour 
nals  in  Europe  and  America.  In  1878  he 
was  made  vice-president  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  and  is  at 
present  director  of  the  Sibley  college, 
Cornell  university,  dean  of  the  faculty  and 
professor  of  mechanical  engineering.  He 
is  the  author  of  Friction  and  Lubrication; 
Manual  of  the  Steam  Engine;  Manual  of 
Steam  Boilers;  Engine  and  Boiler  Trials; 
History  of  the  Growth  of  the  Steam  En 
gine;  Materials  of  Engineering;  Friction 
and  Lost  Work;  Steam-Boiler  Explosions 
in  Theory  and  Practice;  Heat  as  a  Form 
of  Energy;  and  Robert  Fulton,  His  Life 
and  Its  Results. 

THURSTON,  ROBERT  LAWTON,  man 
ufacturer,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1800,  in 
Portsmouth,  R.  I.  He  developed  an  ex 
traordinary  talent  as  a  mechanic,  and  in 
conjunction  with  John  Babcock,  complet 
ed  an  experimental  steam  engine.  In  , 
1830  he  moved  to  Providence,  and  four 
years  later  commenced  business  with  Mr. 
Babcock,  starting  the  first  steam  engine 
building  establishment  in  New  England, 
known  as  the  Providence  Steam  Engine 
company,  which  subsequently  became 
Thurston,  Greene  and  Company.  He  died 
Jan.  13,  1874,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

THURSTON,  SAMUEL  R.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1816  in  Monmouth, 
Maine.  He  was  a  delegate  in  congress 
from  the  territory  of  Oregon  from  1849  to 
1851.  He  died  April  9,  1851,  at  sea. 

THWAITES,  REUBEN  GOLD,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  May  15,  1853,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  an  antiquarian  wri 
ter  of  Wisconsin,  and  secretary  of  the 
State  Historical  society,  and  the  author 
of  Historic  Waterways;  Six  Hundred 
Miles  of  Canoeing  Down  the  Rock,  Fox 
and  Wisconsin  Rivers;  The  Story  of  Wis 
consin;  Our  Cycling  Tour  in  England; 
and  The  Colonies,  1492-1750.  He  is  also 
the  editor  of  the  Jesuit  Relations  and  Al 
lied  Documents. 


932 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


THWING,  CHARLES  FRANKLIN, 
clergyman,  educator,  college  president,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1853,  in  New  Sha 
ron,  Maine.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
at  Phillips  academy 
of  Andover,  Mass.; 
at  the  Harvard  col 
lege,  and  the  Theo 
logical  seminary.  He 
has  filled  pastorates 
in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
i  n  Minneapolis, 

Minn.,  and  since  1890 
has  been  president 
of  the  Western  Re 
serve  university, 
Adelbert  college  of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He 
is  the  author  of  American  Colleges;  The 
Reading  of  Books;  The  Working  Church; 
The  Family:  an  Historical  and  Social 
Study;  and  The  College  Woman.  In  con 
junction  with  his  wife,  Mrs.  Carrie  F. 
Butler  Thwing,  he  has  published  a  gene 
alogical  work  on  the  family. 

THWING,  EDWARD  PAYSON,  educat 
or,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1830 
in  Missouri.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  and  professor  of  vocal  culture, 
and  the  author  of  The  Preacher's  Cabinet; 
Out-Door  Life  in  Europe;  Windows  of 
Character;  The  King  in  His  Beauty;  Ex- 
Oriente;  and  Drill  Book  in  Vocal  Culture. 
He  died  in  1893. 

TIBBATTS,  JOHN  W.,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1843  to  1847,  and  also  served  as 
a  colonel  in  the  Mexican  war.  He  died 
July  12,  1852,  in  Newton,  Ky. 

TIBBETTS,  GEORGE,  state  legislator, 
state  senator,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  14,  1763,  in  Warwick,  R.  I.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1803  to  1805.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  assembly  from  Rens- 
selaer  county  in  1802  and  1820,  and  of 
the  state  senate  from  1815  to  1818.  He 
published  several  works.  He  died  July  19, 
1849,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

TIDBITS,  WILLIAM  BADGER,  soldier, 
manufacturer,  was  born  March  31,  1837, 
in  Hoosick,  N.  Y.  He  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  1864. 
He  died  Feb.  10,  1880,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

TICHENOR,  ISAAC,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  governor, 
was  born  Feb.  8,  1754,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
He  was  an  officer  of  the  revolution;  and 
was  a  judge  and  chief  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Vermont.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature,  and 
was  a  senator  in  congress  during  the  ses 
sions  of  1796  and  1797.  He  was  governor 
of  Vermont  from  1798  to  1800,  and  was 
again  in  the  senate  from  1815  to  1821.  He 
died  Dec.  11,  1838,  in  Bennington,  Vt. 

TICKER,  WILLIAM  JEWETT,  ninth 
president  of  Dartmouth  college,  was  born 
in  1839  in  Griswold,  Conn.  In  1880-92  he 
filled  the  chair  of  homiletics  at  Andover, 
and  attained  a  world-wide  reputation  as 
a  theologian.  In  1892  he  was  inaugu 
rated  president  of  Dartmouth  collej-e, 
which  position  he  still  fills.  As  editor  of 
the  Andover  Review,  as  a  pulpit  orator  of 
wonderful  ability,  and  as  the  originator 
of  the  famous  Andover  House  in  Boston, 
he  has  become  a  recognized  leader  of  the 
ethical  forces  of  the  day. 

TICKNOR,  CALEB  B.,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1805  in  Salisbury,  Conn. 
He  was  a  homeopathic  physician  of  New 
York  city,  and  the  author  of  Medical  Phil 
osophy;  and  Guide  to  Mothers  and  Nurses. 
He  died  Sept.  19,  1840,  in  New  York  city. 


TICKNOR,  CAROLINE,  author,  was 
born  in  1866  in  Massachusetts.  Sne  was 
a  Boston  writer  of  short  stories,  and  the 
author  of  A  Hypocritical  Romance,  and 
Other  Stories;  and  Miss  Belladonna,  a 
story  for  children. 

TICKNOR,  ELISHA,  educator,  was  born 
March  25,  1757,  in  Lebanon,  Conn.  In 
1788  he  became  head  master  of  Franklin 
grammar  school  of  Boston.  He  made  one 
of  the  earliest  efforts  to  improve  femaie 
education  in  Massachusetts,  and  originat 
ed  the  scheme  for  primary  schools  in 
Boston,  proposing  them  at  a  town  meet 
ing  in  1818.  He  died  June  22,  1821,  in 
Hanover,  N.  H. 

TICKNOu,  GEORGE,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1791,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  noted  Boston  historian  who  was 
professor  of  modern  languages  at  Har 
vard  university  in  1820-35.  A  History  of 
Spanish  Literature,  the  fruit  of  many 
years'  study  and  research,  is  his  princi 
pal  work.  Other  works  by  him  are,  Life 
of  W.  H.  Prescott;  and  Life  of  Lafayette. 
He  died  Jan.  26,  1871,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

TICKNOR,  WILLIAM  DAVIS,  publisher, 
was  born  Aug.  6,  1810,  in  Lebanon,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Ticknor 
and  t  lelds,  publishers  of  Atlantic  Month 
ly  and  North  American  Review.  He  died 
April  10,  1864,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TIDBALL,  JOHN  CALDWELL,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1825,  in  Ohio 
county,  Va.  (now  W.  Va.)  He  was  a  fed 
eral  officer  during  the  civil  war  who  has 
published  a  Manual  of  Heavy  Artillery 
Service. 

TIDBALL,  LEWIS  CASS,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  June  25,  1849,  near  Zanes- 
ville,  Ohio.  He  received  a  thorough  ed 
ucation,  and  attended  the  Illinois  State 
Normal  college.  He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  Wyoming  at  Sheridan. 
During  1893-95  he  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  Wyoming  leg 
islature;  was  elected  speaker,  and  re 
ceived  the  re-election  in  1897.  In  1895 
he  was  a  candidate  for  governor  on  the 
populist  ticket.  He  is  vice-president  of 
the  Direct  Legislation  league,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  people's  party  national  execu 
tive  committee. 

TIDBALL,  MRS.  MARY  LANGDON,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  18 — .  She  is  a  novelist 
of  Virginia,  and  the  author  of  Barbara's 
Vagaries. 

TIDBALL,  THOMAS  ALLEN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1847  in  Virginia. 
He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Philadel 
phia,  rector  of  the  Church  of  the  Epipha 
ny,  and  the  author  of  Christ  in  the  New 
Testament;  The  Character  of  Christ  its 
Own  Witness;  and  The  Holy  Spirit  as 
Energizing  the  Sacrament. 

TIEBOUT,  CORNELIUS,  engraver,  was 
born  in  1777  in  New  York.  He  worked 
in  the  stipple  or  chalk  manner,  and  was 
an  artist  of  no  mean  merit.  Among  his 
folio  plates  are  portraits  of  Washington, 
Gen.  Horatio  Gates,  John  Jay,  and  Bish 
op  White,  after  Gilbert  Stuart;  and  Thom 
as  Jefferson,  after  Rembrandt  Peale.  He 
died  about  1830  in  Kentucky. 

TIEDEMAN,  CHRISTOPHER  GUSTA- 
VUS,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1857 
in  South  Carolina.  He  is  a  legal  writer, 
professor  of  law  in  the  university  of  Mis 
souri  in  1881-91,  and  from  1891  professor 
of  constitutional  law  in  the  university  of 
the  City  of  New  York.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Law  of  Real  Property;  Limitations 
of  the  Police  Power;  Commercial  Paper; 
The  Unwritten  Constitution  of  the  United 
States;  Law  of  Sales;  and  Law  of  Muni 
cipal  Corporations. 


T1ERNAN,  MRS.  FRANCES  (FISHER), 
author,  was  born  in  Salisbury,  N.  C.  She 
is  a  popular  novelist  whose  writings  in 
clude:  Valerie  Aylmer;  Mabel  Lee;  Mor 
ton  House;  A  Daughter  of  Bohemia;  Miss 
Churchill;  Bonny  Kate;  Ebb  Tide;  Nina's 
Atonement,  and  Other  Stories;  After 
Many  Days;  Heart  of  Steel;  Hearts  and 
Hands;  A  Question  of  Honor;  A  Summer 
Idyl;  A  Gentle  Belle;  Roslyn's  Fortune; 
A  Comedy  of  Elopement;  The  Picture  of 
Las  Cruces;  The  Land  of  the  Sun;  and  A 
Woman  of  Fortune. 

TIEKNAN,  LUKE,  merchant,  was  born 
in  1757  in  Ireland.  In  1826-27  he  was  one 
of  a  committee  to  urge  upon  the  legisla 
ture  of  Maryland  the  incorporation  of  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  company, 
the  first  railroad  company  incorporated  in 
this  country.  He  died  Nov.  10,  1839,  in 
Haltimore,  Md. 

TIERNAN,  MRS.  MARY  SPEAR 
(NICHOLAS),  author,  was  born  in  1836. 
She  was  a  Georgia  novelist  and  the  au 
thor  of  Homoselle;  Suzette;  and  Jack 
Homer.  She  died  in  1891. 

TIFERRO,  EMIL.  teacher  of  art  sing 
ing  and  director  of  the  Denver  Opera  club, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1858,  in  Germany.  He 
received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  conserva 
tories  of  Munich  and 
Vienna,  and  subse 
quently  studied  in 
Italy.  For  a  number 
of  years  he  held  the 
position  of  first  ten 
or  on  the  Italian 
stage,  and  has  been 
engaged  in  Berlin, 
Amsterdam,  London, 
New  York  city,  Bos 
ton,  the  World's  Fair 
grand  concerts  at  Chicago,  and  the  lead 
ing  cities  of  Europe  and  America.  He  is 
tue  founder  and  director  of  the  Denver 
Opera  club,  where  he  gives  concerts,  reci 
tals,  and  lectures  upon  musical  subjects, 
and  produces  operas  in  costume. 

TIFFANY,  ALEXANDER  RALSTON, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16, 
1796,  in  Niagara,  Upper  Canada.  He  was 
a  jurist  of  Palmyra,  Mich.,  and  the  author 
of  The  Justices'  Guide;  Criminal  Law; 
and  Form  Book  for  Michigan  Attorneys. 
He  died  Jan.  14,  1868,  in  Upper  Canada. 

TIFFANY,  CHARLES  COMFORT,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1829  in  Mary 
land.  He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of 
New  York  city,  but  prior  to  1866  a  con 
gregational  clergyman.  He  is  the  author 
of  Expression  in  Church  Architecture; 
and  History  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  in  the  United  States. 

TIFFANY,  CHARLES  LEWIS,  founder 
of  the  firm  of  Tiffany  and  Company,  was 
born  Feb.  15,  1812,  in  New  York.  He  is 
a  founder  of  the  New 
York  Society  of  Fine 
Arts  and  of  the 
Union  League  club. 
He  has  also  been  a 
patron  of  the  Metro 
politan  Museum  of 
Art  and  a  trustee  of 
the  American  Muse"- 
um  of  Natural  His 
tory  He  is  a  prom 
inent  representative 
of  the  sixth  genera 
tion  of  descent  from 
Squire  Humphrey  Tiffany  of  England. 
The  family  lived  for  several  generations 
in  Massachusetts.  In  1867  he  established 
the  present  house  of  Tiffany  and  Company 
of  New  York  city,  which  is  to-day  the 
leading  jewelry  house  in  America. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


933 


TIFFANY,  FRANCIS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1827  in  Maryland.  He 
is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  living  in  Cam 
bridge,  pastor  at  West  Newton,  Mass., 
in  1865-82,  and  the  author  of  Life  of  Doro 
thea  Lynde  Dix;  Bird  Bolts;  Life  of 
Charles  Francis  Barnard;  and  This  Good 
ly  Frame,  the  Earth,  a  volume  of  travels 
in  America,  Japan,  Egypt,  Palestine,  and 
•Greece. 

TIFFANY,  JOEL,  author.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Treatise  on  Government  and  Con 
stitutional  Law;  Man  and  His  Destiny; 
Reports  of  Cases  Argued  and  Determined 
in  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  the  State  of 
New  York;  The  Book  of  Forms;  Laws  of 
Trusts  and  Trustees;  and  Treatise  on 
Practice  and  Pleadings  in  the  Courts  of 
Record. 

TIFFANY,  OSMOND,  author,  was  born 
July  16,  1823,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  is 
SL  custom-house  clerk  in  Baltimore  since 
1869,  and  the  author  of  The  Canton  Chi 
nese;  Brandon,  a  Tale  of  the  American 
Revolution;  and  Life  of  General  Otho 
Williams. 

TIFFIN,  EDWARD,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  June  19,  1766,  in 
England.  He  was  speaker  of  the  Ohio 
territorial  legislature  in  1799.  He  was 
•elected  first  governor  of  the  state  from 
1803  to  1807,  and  was  United  States  sen 
ator  from  Ohio  from  1807  to  1809.  He  was 
appointed  commissioner  of  the  general 
land  office  in  1812,  and  resigned  in  1815, 
when  appointed  surveyor-general  of  the 
northwest,  which  he  held  until  his  death. 
He  died  Aug.  9,  1829,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

TIFT,  NELSON,  congressman.  He  was 
-elected  a  representative  from  Georgia  to 
the  fortieth  congress. 

TIGERT,  JOHN  JAMES,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1856,  in 
Louisville,  Ky.  He  is  a  methodist  clergy 
man  and  educator  in  Nashville,  and  the 
author  of  Handbook  of  Logic;  The 
Preacher  Himself;  A  Voice  from  the 
South;  and  Constitutional  History  of 
American  Episcopal  Methodism. 

TILDEN,  DANIEL  R.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  Having  settled 
in  Ohio,  he  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1843  to 
1847. 

TILDEN,  HERBERT,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  June  18,  1850,  in  Ches- 
tervtlle,  Maine.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  Nichols  Latin  school  of  Lewis- 
ton,  Maine;  and  in  1875  graduated  from 
the  Colby  university,  from  which  institu 
tion  lie  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  In 
1875-76  he  was  principal  of  the  Black 
River  academy  of  Ludlow,  Vt.;  has  been 
pastor  of  Maine  churches  at  Lamoine, 
Bararloa.  Sedgwick,  Old  Lowell,  and 
Farmington;  and  since  1892  has  been  pas 
tor  of  the  Fifth  Baptist  church  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  Iowa. 

TILDEN,  SAMUEL  JONES,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1814, 
in  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.  In  1846  he  was 
elected  to  the  New 
York  state  legislat 
ure,  and  was  again 
elected  to  the  state 
legislature  in  1870. 
In  1874  he  was  elect 
ed  governor  of  New 
5fork.  A  volume  of 
his  Writings  and 
Speeches  was  edit 
ed  and  published  in 
1893.  He  was  an  un 
successful  candidate 
for  the  presidency  of 
the  United  States.  He  died  Aug.  4,  1886, 
in  Greystone,  N.  Y. 


TILDEN,  WILLIAM  PHILLIPS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1811  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergy 
man  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  The 
Work  of  the  Ministry;  and  Buds  for  the 
Bridal  Wreath.  He  died  in  1890. 

TILFORD,  FRANK,  merchant,  banker, 
was  born  July  22,  1852,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1876,  he  joined  the  Real  Estate  ex 
change,  and,  from 
that  time  to  the 
present  has  been  an 
extensive  operator  in 
real  estate,  both  in 
Harlem  and  on  the 
west  side  above  59th 
street.  In  1885  he 
was  elected  a  trustee 
of  the  North  River 
Savings  bank.  Dur 
ing  the  same  year, 
Park  and  Tilford 
opened  a  branch 
store  at  Fifty-ninth  street  and  Fifth 
avenue,  and  Mr.  Tilford  was  placed  in 
charge  of  this  establishment.  Even 
this  additional  increase  of  labors  was 
not  sufficient  to  employ  all  of  his 
active  energies;  and  in  1889,  together 
with  George  G.  Haven,  he  organized 
the  Bank  of  New  Amsterdam,  of  which 
Thomas  C.  Acton  is  president.  Mr.  Til- 
ford  has  been  vice-president  of  the  bank 
from  the  day  it  opened. 

TILGHMAN,  LLOYD,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1816  in  Talbot  county,  Md.  He  joined 
the  confederate  army  in  1861,  was  com 
missioned  brigadier-general  in  1862.  He 
died  May  16,  1863,  near  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

TILGHMAN,  MATTHEW,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  17.  1718,  in  Hermitage,  Md. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1774  to  1777. 
He  died  May  4,  1790,  in  Hermitage,  Md. 

TILGHMAN,  TENCH,  soldier,  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1744,.  in  Talbot  county,  Md.  On 
the  surrender  of  Cornwallis  he  was  se 
lected  by  Washington  to  bear  his  des 
patch  to  congress  announcing  that  event. 
He  was  voted  the  thanks  of  congress,  a 
sword,  and  a  horse  with  accoutrements, 
for  this  service.  After  the  war  he  be 
came  a  merchant  in  Baltimore.  He  died 
April  18,  1786,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

TILGHMAN,  TENCH,  soldier,  public 
official,  was  born  March  25,  1810,  in  Plim- 
himmon,  Md.  He  was  brigadier-general 
of  Maryland  militia  in  1837-60;  and  major- 
general  in  1860-61,  state  commissioner  of 
public  works  in  1841-51;  and  superintend 
ent  of  the  military  department  of  tjie 
Maryland  military  academy  of  Oxford  in 
1847-57.  In  1849-50  he  was  United  States 
consul  at  Mayaguez,  Porto  Rico.  From 
1857  till  1860  he  was  collector  of  customs 
for  the  port  of  Oxford,  Md.  He  died  Dec. 
22,  1874,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

TILGHMAN,  WILLIAM,  .lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1756, 
in  Talbot  county,  Md.  He  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
in  1806.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  legislature  for  several  years, 
from  1788.  He  was  president  of  the  Phil 
osophical  society  in  1824,  and  in  1809  pre 
pared  a  report  of  the  English  statutes  in 
force  within  the  state.  He  died  April 
30,  1827,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TILLETT,  WILBUR  FISK,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1854. 
in  Henderson,  N.  C.  He  is  a  methodist 
clergyman  and  educator,  and  vice-chancel 
lor  of  Vanderbilt  university,  Nashville,  in 
1882-95.  He  is  the  author  of  Our  Hymns 
and  Their  Authors;  and  Discussions  in 
Theology. 


TILLINGHAST,  JOSEPH  LEONARD, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1790  in  Taunton,  Mass.  In  1833 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  Brown  university.  He  wa's  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Rhode 
Island  from  1837  to  1843,  and  was,  for 
many  years,  a  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature,  and  was  elected  speaker  on  sev 
eral  occasions.  To  him  was  awarded  the 
authorship  of  the  free  schools,  and  im 
proved  judiciary  system  of  his  native 
state.  He  died  Dec.  30,  1844,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I. 

TILLINGHAST,  NICHOLAS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1804,  in  Taun 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  Massachusetts  ed 
ucator,  principal  of 
the  Normal  school  at 
Bridgewater  in  1840- 
53,  and  the  author  of 
Elements  of  Plane 
Geometry;  and  Pray 
ers  for  Schools.  He 
was  one  of  the  fore 
most  educators  of 
New  England;  and 
besides  his  published 
works  contributed 
valuable  articles  to 
current  publications. 

He   died   April   10,   1856,   in   Bridgewater, 
Mass. 

TILLINGHAST,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1742, 
in  East  Greenwich,  L.  I.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Rhode  Island;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1797 
to  1799,  and  again  from  1801  to  1803.  He 
died  Aug.  26,  1821,  in  East  Greenwich, 
N.  Y. 

TILLMAN,  BENJAMIN  RYAN,  legislat 
or,  governor,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  11,  1847,  in  Edgefield  county, 
S.  C.  He  followed 
farming  as  a  pursuit 
and  took  no  active 
part  in  politics  till 
he  began  the  agita 
tion  in  1886  for  in 
dustrial  and  technic 
al  education  which 
culminated  in  the  es 
tablishment  of  the 
„  Clemson  Agricult- 
i  ural  and  Mechanical 
college  at  Calhoun's 
old  home,  Fort  Hill, 
educational  reform 
demand  for  other 
changes  in  state  affairs,  and  he  was  put 
forward  by  the  farmers  as  a  candidate  for 
governor  in  1890,  and  was  elected  in  No 
vember  following.  This  was  his  first  po 
litical  office,  and  he  was  re-elected  in  1892 
by  an  overwhelming  vote.  His  term  as 
governor  was  signalized  by  the  passage  of 
the  dispensary  law  for  the  control  of  the 
liquor  traffic  by  the  state  and  by  the  estab 
lishment  of  another  college,  the  Winthrop 
Normal  and  Industrial  college  for  Wom 
en,  at  Rock  Hill.  He  was  elected  as  a 
democrat  to  the  United  States  senate.  His 
term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1901. 

TILLMAN,  GEORGE  D.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
•Aug.  21,1826,  in  Edgefield  county,  S.  C.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  state 
house  of  representatives  in  1854  and  1855, 
and  again  in  1864.  He  served  in  the  con 
federate  army  from  1862  to  1865.  He  was 
a  state  senator  in  1865;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  forty-sixth  congress;  and  was  again 
elected  to  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth, 
fiftieth,  fifty-first  and  fifty-second,  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 


The     demand      for 
broadened     into     a 


934 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


and    ( •  1 1 


TILLMAN,  JAMES  HAMMOND,  lawyer, 
legislator,  the  son  of  Hon.  George  G.  Till- 
man,  a  one  time  member  of  congress,  was 
born  June  27,  1869, 
in  Edgefield  county, 
S.  C.  He  received 
his  education  in  the 
Curry  ton  academy; 
the  Virginia  Military 
institute;  the  Emer 
son  institute  of 
Washington,  D.  C.; 
and  the  Georgetown 
University  Law 
school.  He  is  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers 
of  South  Carolina; 
has  served  with  distinction  as  state  sen 
ator  in  the  South  Carolina  legislature;  is 
brigadier-general  of  the  South  Carolina 
volunteer  troops;  and  takes  a  prominent 
part  in  public  affairs. 

TILLMAN,  LEWIS,  agriculturist,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1816, 
in  Bedford  county,  Tenn.  He  was  clerk 
of  the  circuit  court  from  1852  to  1860;  of 
the  chancery  court  from  1865  to  1868;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Tennes 
see  to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  repub 
lican. 

TILLMAN,  SAMUEL  ESCUE,  soldier, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1847  in 
Tennessee.  He  is  a  soldier  and  educator, 
professor  of  chemistry  at  West  Point 
from  1880;  and  the  author  of  Elementary 
Lessons  in  Heat;  and  Essential  Principles 
of  Chemistry. 

TILLOTSON,  MARY  ELLA,  author, 
poet,  teacher  of  hygienic  law  in  diet 
111;,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1816,  in 
^^^^^  central  New  York. 
]  She  has  been  a  suc 
cessful  teacher  of 
i  select  schools,  secre 
tary  of  many  socie 
ties  and  a  lecturer 
and  writer  for  the 
liberal  and  radical 
press.  Her  whole 
life  has  been  devot 
ed  to  science,  litera 
ture,  and  universal 
reform.  In  1850  she 
was  married  to  Mr. 
C.  B.  Tillotson,  a  distant  relative  of  the 
same  name  as  her  own.  She  studied 
diseases  and  remedies,  but  instead  of 
practicing  cures,  taught  preventives.  She 
has  traveled,  lectured,  formed  societies, 
made  six  anti-fashions  conventions,  and 
gave  to  women  a  moral  plan  of  teaching 
children.  Although  nearly  fourscore 
years  of  age  she  made  a  speech  at  the 
World's  Columbian  exposition  entitled 
Light  of  the  World.  She  is  the  author  of 
two  works  on  Effects  of  Press  on  Health; 
and  a  History  of  the  Dress  Movement 
from  1850  to  1885.  She  is  also  the  author 
of  a  poetic  volume  entitled  Love  and 
Transition;  and  a  volume  of  Miscellane 
ous  Poems. 

TILLOTSON,  THOMAS  C.,  stockman, 
jurist,  was  born  March  11,  1853,  in  Boone 
county,  111.  During  1870-75  he  was  en 
gaged  in  the  hard 
ware  business  in 
Chicago,  111.;  and 
was  an  eye-witness 
of  the  great  confla 
gration  of  Oct.  9, 
1871.  He  has  been 
postmaster  of  Lin 
coln,  N.  M.;  pro 
bate  clerk  and  regis 
ter  of  deeds,  and 
judge  of  the  probate 
court.  In  1890  he 
was  the  nominee 
of  the  republican  convention  for  the 
legislative  assembly  in  his  district.  He 


was  a  Star  Route  mail  contractor,  and 
operated  a  line  or  route  of  one  hundred 
and  thirty-six  miles  in  length;  and  for 
four  years  was  receiver  of  the  court  in  a 
very  important  cattle  suit.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  rancher  and  stockraiser  of  Lin 
coln  county,  N.  M.;  and  takes  a  promi 
nent  part  in  all  public  affairs. 

TILLSON,  DAVIS,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  April  14,  1830,  in  Rock- 
land,  Maine.  In  1857  he  was  elected  to 
the  Maine  state  legislature;  and  in  1887 
became  adjutant-general  of  the  state.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  civil 
war  in  the  artillery,  and  in  1865  had  com 
mand  of  the  district  of  east  Tennessee. 

TILTON,  BENJAMIN  TROWBRIDGE, 
physician,  author,  was  born  in  1868  in 
Rhode  Island.  He  is  a  physician  of  New 
York  city  who  has  translated  Die  Specielle 
Chirurgie,  in  two  volumes;  and  Allge- 
meine  Chirurgie  from  the  German  of 
Tillmanns. 

TILTON,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  appointed  in  1798  United  States  judge 
for  the  territory  of  Mississippi. 

TILTON,  JAMES,  physician,  surgeon, 
congressman,  was  born  June  1,  1745,  in 
Kent  county,  Del.  He  became  disting 
uished  as  a  surgeon  during  the  revolu 
tionary  war;  and  from  1777  to  the  close 
of  the  war  acted  as  hospital  surgeon,  and 
introduced  the  use  of  hospital  huts.  He 
was  a  delegate  in  the  continental  congress 
from  1783  to  1785;  and  in  1785  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  of  loans.  In  1S12 
he  was  appointed  surgeon-general  of  the 
United  States  army.  He  published  Ob 
servations  on  Military  Hospitals;  and 
some  papers  on  agriculture.  He  died  May 
14,  1822,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

TILTON,  THEODORE,  journalist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1835,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  journalist  and 
verse-writer  who  was  editor  of  The  New 
York  Independent  in  1863-72,  and  since 
1883  has  lived  in  Europe.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  American  Board  and  Slavery; 
The  King's  Ring;  Sanctum  Sanctorum  or 
an  Editor's  Proof  Sheets;  Life  of  Vic 
toria  Woodhull;  Tempest-Tossed,  a  novel; 
Swabian  Stories;  The  Sexton's  Tale,  and 
Other  Poems;  and  Thou  and  I,  a  volume 
of  verse. 

TILTON,  WILLIAM  FREDERIC,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1867  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  an  historical  writer;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Die  Spanische  Armada;  and  The 
Life  of  Philip  the  Second. 

TIMAYENIS,TELEMACHUS  THOMAS, 
author,  was  born  in  1853  in  Asia  Minor. 
He  is  a  writer  of  New  York  city  of  Greek 
parentage,  and  resident  in  the  United 
States  from  1870.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Modern  Greek,  Its  Pronunciation  and  Re 
lations  to  Ancient  Greek;  A  History  of 
Greece;  Greece  in  the  Times  of  Homer; 
Contes  Tires  de  Shakespeare;  Talks  with 
-•Tii'sop;  and  In  Search  of  Happiness,  a 
play. 

TIMBERLAKE,  CHARLES  B.,  educat 
or,  business  man,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1854, 
in  Wilmington,  Ohio.  He  has  attained 
SHOCKS  as  an  educator,  and  was  principal 
and  f.tuierintendent  of  schools  in  Ohio, 
Indiana  and  Colorado.  He  was  county  su 
perintendent  of  schools  in  Colorado  for 
six  years;  and  in  1892  was  a  candidate 
for  state  superintendent  of  public  instruc 
tion  for  Colorado  on  the  republican  ticket. 
Since  1895  he  has  been  county  clerk  of 
Phillips  county,  Colo.;  was  mayor  of 
Holyoke  in  1891;  a  member  of  the  city 
council  for  four  years;  and  is  a  success 
ful  business  man,  and  prominent  in  pub 
lic  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 


TIMROD,  HENRY,  journalist,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  8,  1829,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
He  was  a  poet  and  journalist  of  Charles 
ton,  and,  in  his  last  years,  of  Columbia, 
S.  C.,  whose  verse  has  very  real  merit. 
Spring  in  Carolina  is  one  of  his  best 
poems.  He  died  Oct.  6,  1867,  in  Columbia, 
S.  C. 

TIMROD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  author, 
was  born  in  1792  in  South  Carolina.  He 
was  a  bookbinder  of  Charleston  who  pub 
lished  a  volume  of  Lyrics.  He  died  in 
1838. 

TINCKER,  MARY  AGNES,  author,  was 
born  July  18,  1833,  in  Ellsworth,  Maine. 
She  is  a  popular  novelist  who  lived  in 
Italy  in  1873-87,  and  subsequently  in  Bos 
ton.  She  is  the  author  of  Signer  Monal- 
dini's  Niece;  The  Jewel  in  the  Lotus; 
Aurora;  Two  Coronets;  By  the  Tiber; 
The  House  of  Yorke;  A  Winged  Word; 
Grapes  and  Thorns;  Six  Sunny  Months; 
and  San  Salvador. 

TINNIN,  WILEY  JAMES,  lawyer,  mer 
chant,  banker,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  7, 
1829,  near  Jackson,  Miss.  In  1850  he 
moved  to  San  Francisco;  followed  min 
ing  in  Sacramento,  Placer,  Nevada  and 
Trinity  counties  for  three  years.  He  then 
engaged  in  merchandise  and  banking  in 
Weaverville;  and  also  practiced  law. 
During  1871-74  he  was  a  representative  in 
the  assembly  of  the  California  state  leg 
islature;  and  then  served  a  term  in  the 
state  senate.  In  1879  he  served  as  a  dele 
gate  to  the  state  constitutional  convention. 
In  1885  he  was  appointed  surveyor  of  the 
port  of  San  Francisco,  and  filled  that 
office  for  four  years.  In  1891  he  moved 
to  Fresno,  where  he  has  since  been  ac 
tively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
and  in  dealing  in  mines.  He  stands  high 
in  fraternal  orders,  and  in  1880  served 
as  grand  high  priest  of  the  Royal  Arch 
Masons  of  California. 

TIPTON,  JOHN,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Aug.  14,  1786,  in  Sevier  county, 
Tenn.  He  moved  to  Indiana  in  1806;  and 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Indiana 
from  1831  to  1839.  He  died  April  5,  1830, 
in  Logansport,  Ind. 

TIPTON,  THOMAS  F.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1833  in 
Franklin  county,  Ohio.  He  was  state's 
attorney  for  the  eighth  judicial  district  in 
1867  and  1868  in  McLean  county,  111.;  was 
elected  judge  of  the  eighth  judicial  circuit 
in  1870,  and  under  the  reorganization  of 
circuits  was  elected  judge  of  the  four 
teenth  judicial  circuit.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

TIPTON,  THOMAS  W.,  clergyman,  law 
yer.  United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug. 
5,  1817,  in  Cadiz.  Ohio.  In  1845  he  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio 
legislature;  and  was 
for  three  years  at 
the  head  of  a  divis 
ion  of  the  general 
land  office  in  Wash 
ington.  He  moved 
to  Nebraska  terri 
tory,  and  was  chosen 
a  delegate  to  the 
constitutional  con 
vention.  In  1860  he 
was  a  councilman  in 
the  territorial  legis 
lature.  He  served  during  the  rebellion  as 
chaplain  of  the  first  regiment  of  Nebraska 
infantry.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in 
congress  from  the  new  state  of  Nebraska 
for  the  term  commencing  in  1867  and  end 
ing  in  1869;  and  was  re-elected  for  term 
expiring  in  1875. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


935 


TITCHENER,  EDWARD  BRADFORD, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1867  in  Eng 
land.  He  is  a  professor  of  psychology  at 
Cornell  university  from  1892,  and  Sage 
professor  of  psychology  there  from  1895; 
the  American  editor  of  Mind,  and  co-ed 
itor  of  The  American  Journal  of  Psychol 
ogy.  Beside  translating  Knelpe's  Outlines 
of  Psychology  and  other  German  works, 
he  has  published  An  Outline  of  Psy 
chology. 

TITCOMB,  JONATHAN,  soldier,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1728  in  Newbury, 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  commit 
tee  of  safety,  and  of  the  provincial  con 
gress  in  1774  and  1775.  He  was  a  briga 
dier-general  of  militia;  and  was  naval 
officer  of  Newburyport  from  1789  to  1812. 
He  died  in  1817  in  Newbury,  Mass. 

TITCOMB,  SARAH  ELIZABETH,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1841  in  Massachusetts. 
She  is  a  Boston  writer  who  published 
Early  New  England  People;  Mind-Cure 
on  a  Material  Basis;  and  Aryan  Sun 
Myths  the  Origin  of  Religions.  She  died 
in  1895. 

TITUS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed  from 
Pennsylvania  an  associate  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Arizona;  and  was  subsequently  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  same  court  for  the 
territory  of  Utah,  presiding  at  Salt  Lake 
City. 

TITUS,  LORENZO  UDOLPHUS  CAM 
ERON,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb. 
27,  1854,  in  South  Norwich,  Ontario,  Can 
ada.  He  received  a 
thorough  education, 
and  received  the  de 
gree  of  LL.  B.  from 
the  Albert  univer 
sity  of  Ontario.  He 
served  two  terms  as 
a  member  of  the 
lower  council  of 
Trenton,  Ontario,  in 
which  city  he  prac 
ticed  law  with  suc 
cess  until  he  moved 
to  Minnesota.  He 
practiced  in  Dtiluth,  then  Grand  Marais; 
and  in  189G  was  elected  county  attorney  of 
Cook  county.  He  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  law  literature,  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs. 

TITUS,  OBEDIAH,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1837  to  1839. 

TITUS,  ROBERT  CYRUS,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1839,  in  Eden,  N.  Y. 
For  thirty  years  he  has  practiced  law  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  was  district  attorney 
of  Erie  county  for  three  years;  state 
senator  in  the  New  York  legislature  for 
four  years;  and  has  filled  the  positions 
of  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Buffalo 
and  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New 
York. 

TOASPERN,  OTTO,  artist,  was  born 
in  1863  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  This  noted  art 
ist  has  been  instructor  in  the  National 
academy  of  Design  of  New  York  city.  He 
is  best  known  as  an  illustrator  for  Life, 
Century,  Harper's  and  The  Ladies'  Home 
Journal. 

TOBEY,  FRANK  BASSETT,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1833,  in  Dennis, 
Mass.  In  1882  with  his  brothers  he  or 
ganized  the  Tobey  Furniture  company,  of 
Chicago,  111.,  of  which  he  is  president. 

TOBEY,  SILAS  B.,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  10,  1861,  in  Champaign, 
111.  He  has  contributed  extensively  to  ed 
ucational  journals  and  is  the  author  of  A 
Topical  Reference  Book  in  United  States 
History, 


TOBIN,  JOHN,  accountant,  financier, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1868,  in  Elm 
Grove,  111.  He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Il 
linois;  then  went 
west  and  attended 
the  Colfax  college, 
Washington;  and 
completed  his  educa 
tion  in  the  Peoria 
Business  college,  Illi 
nois,  from  which 
institution  he  gradu 
ated  in  1892.  He  has 
attained  success  as 
an  accountant  and 
writer  on  financial  topics;  has  filled  im 
portant  county  offices  in  Whitman  county, 
Wash.;  was  elected  auditor  of  that  coun 
ty  in  1894  and  again  in  1896.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  pamphlets  and 
articles  which  treat  of  legal  and  finan 
cial  subjects  as  applied  to  municipal  gov 
ernment. 

TOD,  DAVID,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
governor,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1805,  in 
Youngstown,  Ohio.  In  1838  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  state  senate.  He  was 
minister  to  Brazil  from  1847  to  1852.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  Ohio  in  1862,  and 
gave  his  support  to  the  government  dur- 
ring  his  term  of  two  years.  He  died  Nov. 
13,  1868,  in  Youngstown,  Ohio. 

TOD,  GEORGE,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1773,  in 
Suffield,  Conn.  He  settled  in  Georgetown, 
Ohio,  in  1800.  He  was  elected  state  sen 
ator  in  1804;  served  as  judge  of  the  state 
supreme  court  from  1806  till  1809;  was 
presiding  judge  of  the  third  judicial  cir 
cuit  of  Ohio  from  1815  till  1834;  and  was 
afterward  prosecuting  attorney  for  War 
ren  county.  He  was  appointed  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  war  of  1812.  He  died  April 
11,  1841,  in  Warren  county,  Ohio. 

TODD,  ALBERT,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  in  1854  in  Rhode  Island.  He  is  a 
lieutenant  in  the  United  States  army  who 
has  published  The  Campaigns  of  the  Re 
bellion. 

TODU,  ALBERT  M.,  chemist,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  3,  1850,  near  Nottawa, 
Mich.  He  has  been  elected  a  member  of 
a  number  of  scientific  associations,  among 
them  the  American  association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science;  the  American 
Chemical  society;  the  Society  of  Chemical 
Industry,  international;  and  the  American 
Pharmaceutical  association.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  by  a  union 
of  the  democratic,  union  silver,  people's, 
and  national  parties. 

TODD,  CHARLES  BURR,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  9,  1849,  in  Redding,  Conn.  He 
is  a  magazinist  of  Redding,  Conn.;  and 
the  author  of  Life  and  Letters  of  Joel 
Barlow;  General  History  of  the  Burr 
Family;  History  of  Redding,  Conn.;  Story 
of  the  City  of  New  York;  and  The  Story 
of  the  City  of  Washington. 

TODD,  CHARLES  SCOTT,  soldier,  law 
yer,  journalist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.  22,  1791,  in  Danville,  Ky.  He  entered 
the  army  in  1812  as  acting  quartermaster 
of  the  northwestern  division;  and  in  1815 
was  inspector-general  with  rank  of  brevet 
colonel  of  cavalry.  He  was  secretary  of 
state  under  Madison  in  1816;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  legislature  in  1817  and  1818; 
and  was  charge  d'affaires  to  Colombia 
from  1818  to  1823.'  He  prepared  sketches 
of  the  life  of  Harrison  in  1840;  edited  the 
Cincinnati  Republican;  and  accompanied 
General  Harrison  to  Washington  in  1841. 
He  was  selected  minister  to  St.  Petersburg 
by  President  Tyler  in  1841,  and  held  the 
position  until  1845.  He  died  May  14,  1871, 
in  Baton  Rouge,  La. 


TODD,  DAVID  PECK,  educator,  author, 
was  born  March  19,  1855,  in  Lake  Ridge, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  professor  of  astronomy  at 
Amherst  college  from  1881;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Stars  and  Telescopes;  and  As 
tronomy  for  Beginners. 

TODD,  ELI,  physician,  was  born  July 
23,  1769,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was 
principally  instrumental  in  founding  the 
Retreat  for  the  Insane  at  Hartford,  Conn., 
one  of  the  earliest  of  the  kind,  was  elected 
its  superintendent,  and  presided  over  it 
till  his  death.  He  died  Nov.  17,  1833,  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 

TODD,  JACOB  JEFFERSON,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  March  12,  1843,  in 
Beaver  county,  Pa.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  In 
diana  and  in  Roa- 
noke  seminary  and 
Fort  Wayne  college, 
and  for  several  terms 
he  was  engaged  in 
educational  work. 
During  the  civil  war 
he  served  as  a  sol 
dier  in  company  D, 
one  hundred  and 
thirty-seventh  regi 
ment  Indiana  volun 
teer  infantry.  On  his  return  from  the  ser 
vice  he  began  the  study  of  law;  in  1896 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  two  years 
later  opened  a  law  office  in  Bluffton,  Ind., 
where  he  has  since  resided  and  is  known 
as  a  prominent  member  of  the  legal  fra 
ternity.  In  1880  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Chicago  convention  and  took  an  active 
part  in  securing  the  nomination  of  Gen 
eral  Garfield  for  president.  In  1886  his 
party  tendered  his  name  as  a  candidate 
for  lieutenant-governor  but  he  declined 
the  use  of  his  name.  In  1894  he  was  the 
nominee  for  judge  of  the  twenty-eighth 
judicial  circuit  and  in  1896  his  name 
was  put  forward  as  a  candidate  for  gov 
ernor.  In  1890  he  was  appointed  one  of 
the  commissioners  to  construct  and  fur 
nish  the  hospitals  for  the  insane  at  Lo- 
gansport,  Richmond,  and  Evansville.  In 
1895  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  hospital  for  the 
insane  at  Logansport,  and  was  elected 
president  of  the  board.  He  has  filled  nu 
merous  public  positions  of  honor;  and 
was  grand  master  of  Masons  for  Indiana 
in  1890-91. 

TODD,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  May  29,  1851,  in  Scotland.  He  was 
commissioned  as  a  missionary  to  Mani 
toba  in  1880  by  the  colonial  commit 
tee  of  the  presbyterian  church  of 
Scotland;  reached  there  in  October 
of  that  year;  and  moved  to  Wiscon 
sin  in  1888.  He  has  been  synodical 
missionary  of  home  missions,  presbyteri 
an  church  of  Wisconsin;  secretary  of 
Gale  college,  Wisconsin;  and  now  fills  a 
pastorate  in  Escanaba,  Mich.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Relation  Between  Educa 
tion  and  Morality;  Hand  Book  for  Pres 
byterians;  When,  How  and  By  Whom 
Was  the  Bible  Written;  and  numerous 
pamphlets  and  contributions  to  current 
literature. 

TODD,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  president  of 
Kentucky,  was  born  March  25,  1834,  in 
Winchester,  Va.  He  removed  to  Shelby- 
ville,  Ky.,  about  the  year  1855,  and  estab 
lished  the  Shelbyville  High  school.  In 
1872  he  accepted  the  presidency  of  the 
Kentucky  High  school,  now  known  as  the 
Kentucky  Eclectic  institute. 

TODD,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
at  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1821  to  1824. 


936 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


TODD,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born  in  1750 
in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  He  was  an 
aide  to  General  Andrew  Lewis  in  the 
battle  of  Point  Pleasant.  He  succeeded 
General  George  Rogers  Clarke  in  com 
mand  at  Kaskaskia  in  1778,  and  was  sev 
eral  years  civil  governor  and  colonel  of 
the  county  of  Illinois.  He  was  command 
ant  of  the  Kentucky  forces  at  the  battle  of 
Blue  Licks,  Aug.  18,  1782,  and  was  killed 
in  this  battle. 

TODD,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  9,  1800,  in  Rutland,  Vt.  He  was 
a  congregational  clergyman,  and  pastor  of 
the  First  church  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  in 
1842-72.  Among  his  many  popular  works 
are  included  Lectures  to  Children;  Stu 
dent's  Manual;  Truth  Made  Simple;  Hints 
to  Young  Men;  The  Daughter  at  School; 
Mountain  Gems;  Woman's  Rights;  Sun 
set  Land;  Old-Fashioned  Lives;  and 
Future  Punishment.  He  died  Aug.  24, 
1873,  in  Pittsfield,  Mass. 

TODD,  JOHN  BLAIR  SMITH,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  April  4,  1814,  in 
Lexington,  Ky.  In  1861  he  was  elected  a 
delegate  to  congress  from  Dakota.  When 
the  rebellion  commenced  he  was  appointed 
a  brigadier-general,  and  commanded  a 
division  in  the  army  of  Tennessee.  He 
was  re-elected  a  .  delegate  to  congress, 
where  he  served  until  1865.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  Yankton,  and  claimed 
as  the  leading  citizen  of  Dakota  in  his 
time.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1872,  in  Yankton, 
N.  D. 

TODD,  LEMUEL,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  29,  1817,  in  Car 
lisle,  Pa.  He  was  elected  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress.  He 
served  in  the  rebellion  as  major  of  the 
first  regiment  Pennsylvania  volunteer  re 
serve  corps,  and  afterward  as  inspector- 
general  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress. 

TODD,  LEVI,  soldier,  surveyor,  was 
born  in  1756  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  ma 
jor,  colonel,  brigadier  and  major-general 
of  the  Kentucky  forces  until  his  death  in 
1807. 

TODD,  MRS.  MABEL  [LOOMIS],  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1858.  She  has  ed 
ited  The  Poems  and  Letters  of  Emily 
Dickinson;  A  Cycle  of  Sonnets:  and  is 
the  author  of  a  work  on  Total  Eclipses  of 
the  Sun. 

TODD,  MRS.  MARION,  lawyer,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  in  1841  in  New  York 
city.  She  is  a  lawyer  and  lecturer  of 
Eaton  Rapids.  Mich.;  and  the  author  of 
Railways  of  Europe  and  America,  or  Gov 
ernment  Ownership;  and  Protective  Tariff 
Delusion. 

TODD,  MARY  IVES,  author,  poet,  was 
born  in  Dec.  23,  1848,  in  Eddyville,  Iowa. 
She  is  the  daughter  of  Homer  De  Grasse 
Ives,  a  lawyer  of 
ability.  She  is  the 
author  of  The  New 
Adam  and  Eve;  and 
a  novel  entitled 
Little  Ruth.  She  re 
ceived  a  thorough 
education  in  the 
public  schools  of  her 
native  city,  and  in  a 
private  seminary  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 
She  has  contributed 
stories.  newspaper 
articles  and  poems  to  the  periodical  press; 
and  her  poems  have  been  incorporated  in 
Poets  of  America  and  other  standard 
works.  At  the  age  of  twenty  years  she 
was  married  to  Dr.  B.  Todd,  and  resides 
in  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

TODD,  ROBERT  A.,  was  born  April  18, 
1861.  in  Blair  county.  Pa.  For  many 


years  he  was  assistant  general  manager  of 
the  Pittsburg  company  of  Ellwood  City, 
Pa.;  and  now  manages  the  real  estate  in 
terests  of  that  company.  He  is  promi 
nent  in  public  fraternal  orders,  and  takes 
an  active  part  in  public  affairs. 

TODD,  ROBERT  BURR,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1825,  in 
Howard  county,  Mo.  In  1843  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  university  of  Missouri;  and 
is  noted  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  the  south  at  New  Iberia,  La.  He  has 
served  with  distinction  as  a  state  senator; 
has  been  a  delegate  to  three  constitution 
al  conventions;  and  for  nine  years  was 
judge  of  the  supreme  court. 

TODD,  ROBERT  S.,  legislator,  was  born 
Feb.  25,  179],  near  Lexington,  Ky.  When 
about  thirty  years  old  he  was  elected 
clerk  of  the  Kentucky  house  of  repre 
sentatives,  and  by  successive  elections 
held  the  position  for  twenty  years.  He 
was  then  three  times  elected  representa 
tive  from  Fayette  county;  in  1845  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate;  and  was  a 
candidate  for  re-election  when  he  died. 

TODD,  SERENO  EDWARDS,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1820  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city,  at 
one  period  agricultural  editor  of  The 
Times,  now  living  at  Orange,  N.  J.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Apple  Culturist; 
Young  Farmer's  Manual;  The  American 
Wheat  Culturist;  Country  Homes;  and 
Rural  Poetry  and  Country  Lyrics. 

TODD,  THOMAS,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1765,  in  Virginia.  He 
emigrated  to  Kentucky  in  1786,  and  began 
to  practice  law  at  Danville.  He  was  judge 
of  the  court  of  appeals  in  1801-06;  was 
chief  justice  of  Kentucky  in  1806  and  1807; 
and  associate  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
from  1807.  He  died  Feb.  7,  1826,  in  Frank 
fort,  Ky. 

TOEBBE,  AUGUSTUS  MARY,  Roman 
catholic  bishop,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1829, 
in  Hanover.  He  was  consecrated  bishop 
of  Covington,  Ky.,  in  1870.  He  died  May 
2,  1884,  in  Covington,  Ky. 

TOLAND,  GEORGE  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1837  to  1843. 

TOLAND,  MRS.  MARY  B.,  poet.  She 
has  written  and  published  nine  beautiful 
poetical  books,  from  the  press  of  Lip- 
pincott  and  Co.,  which  are  magnificently 
illustrated,  and  are  veritable  works  of  art, 
and  are  the  finest  ever  published  in 
America:  Stella,  or  How  I  Tamed  a  Wild 
Indian;  Sir  Rae;  Iris,  the  Romance  of 
an  Opal  Ring;  Onti  Ora,  a  metrical  ro 
mance;  The  Inca  Princess,  an  Historical 
Romance;  AL'g\e  and  the  Elf;  Eudora,  a 
Tale  of  Love;  Legend  Laymore;  Tisayac 
of  the  Yosemite;  and  Atlina,  the  Queen 
of  the  Floating  Isle. 

TOLBERT.  ROBERT  REO,  cotton 
planter,  merchant,  politician,  was  born 
May  10,  1863,  near  Greenwood,  S.  C.  He  is 
a  successful  cotton  planter  and  merchant 
of  Abbeville,  S.  C.;  and  prominent  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 
He  has  been  the  republican  county  chair 
man  of  Abbeville  county;  and  in  1897 
was  elected  republican  state  chairman  of 
South  Carolina  for  four  years. 

TOLL,  CHARLES  HANSEN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  April  26,  1850,  in  Mem 
phis.  N.  Y.  He  has  served  one  term  as 
judge  of  Rio  Grande  county,  Colo.  In 
1880  he  became  attorney-general  of  Colo 
rado. 

TOM,  BLIND,  musician,  was  born  May 
25,  1849,  near  Columbus,  Ga.,  of  African 
descent.  He  was  born  blind,  and  the  only 
sign  of  intelligence  he  gave  in  infancy 
was  the  interest  he  showed  in  sounds. 


When  he  was  four  years  old  a  piano  was 
brought  to  his  master's  house  for  the  use 
of  the  family,  and  one  night  they  were 
awakened  by  hearing  him  play  one  of 
their  pieces.  In  1861  he  made  his  first 
appearance  in  New  York  city,  and  since 
that  time  his  musical  feats  have  aston 
ished  the  world. 

TOMBAUGH,  JAMES  M.,  clergyman, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1857, 
in  Washington  county,  Pa.  This  eminent 
clergyman  is  the  president  of  Ashland  col 
lege,  Ohio. 

TOMES,  ROBERT,  physician,  author, 
was  born  March  27,  1817,  in  New  YorK 
city.  He  was  the  author  of  Panama  In 
1855;  Bourbon  Prince;  My  College  Days; 
Richard  the  Lion-Hearted;  Oliver  Crom 
well;  The  Americans  in  Japan;  Battles 
of  America  by  Sea  and  Land;  The  War 
with  the  South;  and  The  Champagne 
Country.  He  died  Aug.  28,  1882,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

TOMKINS,  CALEB,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Westchester 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  assembly  from  that  county 
from  1804  to  1806;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1817  to  1821. 

TOMKINS,  CHRISTOPHER,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1831  to  1835.  He 
died  in  1845  in  Glasgow,  Ky. 

TOMKINS,  CYDNOR  B.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1810,  in  Bel- 
mont,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-fifth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress. 

TOMKINS,  DANIEL  D.,  vice-president 
of  the  United  States,  was  born  June  21, 
i774,  in  New  York.  He  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  1797. 
He  served  in  the  state  legislature.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1805  to  1807;  and  resigned  to  accept  an 
appointment  as  an  associate  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  state.  In  1807 
he  was  elected  governor  of  the  state, 
and  held  that  office  two  years.  In  1817  he 
resigned  the  office  of  governor;  was  elect 
ed  vice-president  of  the  United  States; 
and  served  two  years.  He  died  June  11, 
1825,  on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

TOMLINSON,  EVERETT  TITSWORTH, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1859  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman  of 
Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  popular  as  a  writer  of 
juvenile  tales,  among  which  are,  The 
Search  for  Andrew  Field;  The  Boy  Sol 
diers  of  1812;  The  Boy  Officers  of  1812; 
Three  Colonial  Boys;  Tecumseh's  Young 
Braves;  and  Three  Young  Continentals. 

TOMLINSON,  GIDEON,  lawyer,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  31,  1780,  in  Stratford,  Conn.  In  1818 
he  was  chosen  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  in  which  office  he  was  continued  till 
1827.  In  that  year  he  was  chosen  gov 
ernor  of  Connecticut,  and  remained  in 
that  station  until  1831,  when,  on  being 
elected  a  senator  of  the  United  States,  he 
resigned  his  office  as  governor.  He  died 
Oct.  8,  1854,  in  Fairfield,  Conn. 

TOMLINSON,  THOMAS  A.,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  New 
York.  He  served  in  the  New  York  state 
assembly  from  Essex  county  in  1835  and 
1836;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1841  to  1843. 

TOMPKINS,  CHARLES  H.,  soldier,  was 
born  Sept.  12,  1830,  in  Fort  Monroe,  Va. 
In  1856  he  entered  the  United  States  ser 
vice  in  the  dragoons;  served  with  distinc 
tion  through  the  civil  war;  and  attained 
the  rank  of  colonel  and  brigadier-general 
in  1865. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


93  1 


TOMPK1NS,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
•was  born  in  1780.  He  was  an  early  set 
tler  of  Missouri.  He  was  a  judge  of  the 
state  supreme  court  from  1828  to  1840; 
and  was  its  chief  justice  from  1840  to  1846. 
He  died  April  7,  1846,  near  Jefferson  City, 
Mo. 

TOMPKINS,  PATRICK  W.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  settled 
in  Mississippi;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1847  to  1849. 

TOMPSON.  BENJAMIN,  educator,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  July  14,  1642,  in 
Braintree,  Mass.  He  was  a  colonial  edu 
cator,  the  master  of  a  preparatory  school 
in  Cambridge  for  nearly  forty  years  from 
1670,  and  a  satirical  poet  of  some  merit. 
He  was  the  author  of  New  England's  Cri 
sis,  a  poem  on  King  Philip's  War.  He 
•died  April  13,  1714. 

TOMPSON,  EDWARD,  clergyman,  was 
born  April  20,  1665,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
taught  for  several  years  at  Newbury,  and 
from  1696  until  his  death  was  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Marshfield,  Mass.  His  last 
sermons,  entitled  Heaven  the  Best  Coun 
try,  were  published  in  1712.  He  died 
March  10,  1715,  in  Marshfield,  Mass. 

TONE,  WILLIAM  THEOBALD  WOLFE, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  April  29,  1791, 
in  Ireland.  After  serving  in  the  French 
army  he  came  to  America  in  1816  and  was 
in  the  artillery  service  of  the  United 
States  for  ten  years.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1828, 
in  New  York  city. 

TONER,  JOSEPH  MEREDITH,  physi 
cian,  philanthropist,  was  born  April  30, 
1825,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  is  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Columbian  Historical  society 
of  Washington,  D.  C.;  and  he  gave  a  col 
lection  of  twenty-eight  thousand  books 
and  eighteen  thousand  pamphlets  to  the 
congressional  library,  known  as  the  Toner 
collection,  and  regarded  as  a  most  im 
portant  and  valuable  acquisition.  He 
founded  the  Toner  lectures  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Smithsonian  institution. 
He  is  the  author  of  Abortion  in  Its  Medi 
cal  and  Moral  Aspects;  Maternal  Instinct; 
and  Medical  Men  of  the  Revolution. 

TONGUE,  THOMAS  H.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  June  23,  1844,  in  Lincoln 
shire,  England.  He  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Washing 
ton  county,  Ore., 
Nov.  23,  1859,  where 
he  has  since  resided. 
He  was  educated  at 
Pacific  university, 
Forestgrove,  Wash 
ington  county,  Ore., 
and  graduated  in 
June,  1868.  In  1888 
he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  state 
senate,  serving  a 
term  of  four  years. 

In  1890  he  was  the  permanent  chairman  of 
the  state  republican  convention;  and  in 
February,  1892,  was  elected  president  of 
the  state  organization  of  republican  clubs 
and  served  for  a  term  of  two  years.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  republican 
convention  at  Minneapolis  in  1892,  and 
was  the  Oregon  vice-president  of  that  con 
vention.  In  1894  he  was  again  the  perma 
nent  chairman  of  the  state  republican  con 
vention;  and  has  been  a  member  of  the 
state  central  committee  continuously  since 
1866.  He  has  been  the  chairman  of  the 
congressional  committee  of  the  first  con 
gressional  district  of  Oregon  from  the 
time  of  its  organization  until  1896.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

TOOLE,  JOSEPH  KEMP,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  May  12,  1851, 
in  Savannah,  Mo.  In  1872  he  was  elected 


district  attorney  of  the  third  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Montana;  and  was  re-elected  in 
1874  without  opposition.  In  1881  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  council  of  the 
twelfth  legislative  assembly  of  Montana, 
and  was  chosen  president  of  the  council. 
In  1884  he  was  elected  the  delegate  from 
Montana  to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

TOOMBS,     ROBERT,     soldier,     lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  July  2,  1810,  in  Wilkes  county,  Ga. 
^^^^^^^^^_^   In  1837  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  legislature 
^^rititi^^  from  his  native  coun- 

^•i       r|  ty,  and,  with  the  ex- 
/.  ception  of  1841,  con- 

f  ijfc  idr  I  t'nue'i  a  member  of 
I  the  lower  branch  un 
til  his  election  to  the 
federal  house  of  rep 
resentatives,  where 
he  served  during  the 
twenty-ninth,  thir 
tieth,  thirty-first,  and 
thirty-second  con 
gresses.  He  entered  the  senate  during  the 
thirty-third  congress  for  six  years,  and 
was  re-elected  for  a  second  term  ending 
March  4,  1865.  He  was  expelled  in  1861, 
and  became  secretary  of  state  in  the  con 
federate  government.  He  was  also  a 
brigadier-general  in  the  great  rebellion. 
He  died  Dec.  14,  1885,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

TOOMER,  JOHN  DE  ROSSETT,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  March  13,  1784,  in 
Wilmington,  N.  C.  In  1831  and  1832  he 
represented  Cumberland  county  in  the 
North  Carolina  state  senate;  and  in  1836 
was  elected  judge  of  the  superior  court, 
and  served  until  1840  when  he  continued 
the  practice  of  law  in  Pittsboro,  N.  C.  He 
died  Oct.  27,  1856,  in  Pittsboro,  N.  C. 

TOPPAN,  ROBERT  NOXON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1836,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Cambridge, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Historical  Sum 
mary  of  Metallic  Money;  and  Biographical 
Sketches  of  Old  Newbury. 

TORBERT,  ALFRED  THOMAS  ARCH 
IMEDES,  soldier,  was  born  July  1,  1833, 
in  Georgetown,  Del.  He  served  with  dis 
tinction  through  the  civil  war,  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  brevet  major-general 
of  volunteers  in  1865.  He  died  Sept.  30, 
1880,  at  sea. 

TORNOS.  MANUEL  ALBERTO,  public 
official,  author,  was  born  June  2,  1862,  in 
New  York  city.  Since  1881  he  has  been 
secretary  of  the  Spanish  consulate-general 
in  New  York  city.  He  has  published 
Spanish  Tariffs,  with  Extracts  from  the 
Custom-House  Regulations. 

TORRENCE,      JOSEPH      THATCHER, 
soldier,  lawyer,  mechanical  engineer,  was 
15.    1843,    in    Mercer   county, 

Pa.     He  served  with 

distinction  through 
the  civil  war,  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  In 
1869  he  moved  to 
Chicago  as  manager 
of  the  Chicago  Iron 
works,  now  the  Un 
ion  Works  of  the  Il 
linois  Steel  company. 
He  organized  the 
Standard  Steel  and 
Iron  company,  and 
u's-o  the  Calumet  Canal  Improvement  com 
pany.  He  was  prominent  in  the  develop 
ment  of  terminal  railroad  facilities  in  Chi 
cago  and  the  west;  and  was  known  as 
the  father  of  track  elevation.  He  died 
Oct.  31,  1896. 


TORREY,  BRADFORD,  essayist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1843,  in  Weymouth, 
Mass.  He  is  an  essayist  of  Boston,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  editorial  staff  of  The  Youth's 
Companion;  and  the  author  of  Birds  in 
the  Bush;  The  Foot-Path  Way;  A  Ram 
bler's  Lease;  A  Florida  Sketch-Book;  and 
Spring  Notes  from  Tennessee. 

TORREY,  CHARLES  TURNER,  reform 
er,  author,  was  born  in  1813  in  Scituate, 
Mass.  He  was  an  anti-slavery  reformer 
who  was  imprisoned  in  Baltimore  for  aid 
ing  in  the  escape  of  slaves,  and  died  in 
imprisonment.  He  was  the  author  of  Me 
moir  of  William  Saxton;  and  Home,  or 
the  Pilgrim's  Faith  Reward.  He  died  May 
9,  1846,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

TORREY,  JOHN,  botanist,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1796,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  distinguished  botan 
ist  and  physician  of  New  York  city,  pro 
fessor  in  the  college  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  in  1827-55;  and  United  States 
assayer  in  1853-73.  He  was  the  author  of 
Catalogue  of  Plants  GrowingSpontaneous- 
ly  Within  Thirty  Miles  of  New  York; 
Flora  of  the  Northern  and  Middle  States; 
and  Flora  of  New  York  State.  He  died 
March  10,  1873,  in  New  York  city. 

TORREY,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1797,  in  Row 
ley,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  and  educator,  and  professor  in  the 
university  of  Vermont  in  1827-67.  He  was 
the  author  of  A  Theory  of  Art,  transla 
tion  of  Neander's  History  of  the  Christian 
Religion.  He  died  Nov.  26,  1867,  in  Bur 
lington,  Vt. 

TORREY,  MARY  CUTLER,  author,  was 
born  May  28,  1831,  in  Burlington,  Vt.  She 
is  the  author  of  America,  a  dramatic  po 
em;  and  has  edited  Joseph  Torrey's  The 
ory  of  Fine  Art;  and  has  revised  edi 
tion  of  Neander's  Church  History,  herself 
preparing  the  index  volume. 

TORREY,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1631  in  England.  In  1856  he  be 
came  pastor  of  the  church  at  Weymouth. 
which  post  he  held  for  fifty-one  years.  He 
preached  the  election  sermon  in  1674,  1683, 
and  1689,  and  was  a  person  of  such  deep 
and  extensive  views  that  the  governor  and 
council  would  send  for  him  to  come  fifteen 
miles  to  aid  them  with  his  advice  and 
wise  observations.  He  died  April  10,  1707, 
in  Weymouth,  Mass. 

TOTTEN,  BENJAMIN  J.,  naval  officer, 
anther,  was  born  in  1806  in  West  Indies. 
He  is  a  naval  officer  of  New  Bedford;  and 
the  author  of  Totten's  Naval  Text-Book. 
He  died  May  9,  1877,  in  New  Bedford, 
Mass. 

TOTTEN,  CHARLES  ADELLE  LEWIS, 
inventor,  author,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1851, 
in  New  London,  Conn.  He  is  a  military 
inventor;  and  the  author  of  Strategos, 
the  American  War  Game;  Yale  Military 
Lectures;  and  Nativity:  its  Facts  and 
Fancies. 

TOTTEN,  GEORGE  MUIRSON,  civil 
engineer,  was  born  May  28,  1809.  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  was  appointed  in  1850 
engineer-in-chief  of  the  Panama  railroad, 
and  spent  twenty-five  years  among  dif 
ficulties  of  every  sort  in  the  completion 
of  this  arduous  task.  He  died  June  8, 
1884,  in  New  York  city. 

TOTTEN,  JOSEPH  GILBERT,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  23.  1788,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a  military  en 
gineer  cf  distinction,  brevetted  major-gen 
eral  in  1864;  and  the  author  of  Essays  on 
Hydraulic  and  Other  Cements.  He  died 
April  22,  1864,  in  Washington.  D,  C, 


938 


HERRJNGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA    OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


TOTTEN,  SILAS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  March  26,  1804,  in  Schoharie 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman,  president  of  Trinity  college  in 
1837-48;  and  the  author  of  New  Intro 
duction  to  Algebra;  and  The  Analogy  of 
Truth.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1873,  in  Lexing 
ton,  Ky. 

TOUCEY,  ISAAC,  lawyer,  congressman, 
governor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  5,  1796,  in  Newton,  Conn.  He  was  a 
representative  in 
congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1835  to 
1839;  and  was  gov 
ernor  of  the  state 
from  1846  to  1847.  He 
was  appointed  attor 
ney-general  of  the 
United  States  by 
President  Polk.  He 
was  a  state  senator 
in  1850;  and  was  a 
senator  in  congress 
from  1852  to  1857.  In 
March  of  the  latter  year  he  went  into 
President  Buchanan's  cabinet  as  secretary 
of  the  navy,  sen  ing  as  such  until  1861. 
He  subsequently  founded  two  scholarships 
in  Trinity  college.  He  died  July  30,  1869, 
in  Hartford,  Conn. 

TOUCHARD,  LOUIS  CHARLES,  naval 
officer,  was  born  in  1741  in  New  Orleans, 
La.  In  1782  he  was  attacked  by  two  Eng 
lish  men  of  war;  he  captured  one,  but 
was  killed  in  the  moment  of  victory.  He 
died  April  12,  1782,  at  sea;  and  was  bu 
ried  with  honors  in  Martinique. 

TOULMIN,  HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1767  in  England.  He 
was  a  jurist  who  was  a  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  court  in  1804;  and 
was  the  Kentucky  secretary  of  state  in 
1796-1804,  and  president  of  Transylvania 
university,  and  subsequently  lived  in  Ala 
bama.  He  was  the  author  of  A  Description 
of  Kentucky;  Magistrate's  Assistant;  Col 
lection  of  the  Acts  of  Kentucky;  Review 
of  the  Criminal  Law  of  Kentucky;  and 
Digest  of  the  Territorial  Laws  of  Alaba 
ma.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1823,  in  Washington 
county,  Ala. 

TOURGEE.  ALBION  WIMEGAR,  law 
yer,  jurist,  diplomat,  author,  was  born 
May  2,  1838,  in  Williamsfield,  Ohio.  He 
received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Kings- 
ville  academy  and 
the  Rochester  uni 
versity.  During  the 
civil  war  he  was 
first  lieutenant  in 
the  one  hundred  and 
fifth  regiment  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry. 
During  1868-76  he 
was  judge  of  the  su 
perior  court  of  the 
seventh  district  of 
North  Carolina;  has  been  code  commis 
sioner;  and  was  a  member  of  the  consti 
tutional  conventions  of  North  Carolina  in 
1868  and  in  1874.  In  1897  he  was  appoint 
ed  by  President  McKinley  as  minister  to 
— .  He  is  the  author  of  A  Fool's 
Errand,  his  most  noted  work,  and  the  fol 
lowing  books:  A  Royal  Gentleman;  Figs 
and  Thistles;  Bricks  Without  Straw; 
John  Eax;  Hot  Plowshares;  Black  Ice; 
Button's  Inn;  Pactolus  Prime;  Murvale 
Eastman;  With  Gauge  and  Swallow;  A 
Son  of  Old  Harry;  Out  of  the  Sunset  Sea; 
The  Mortgage  on  the  Hip-Roof  House;  An 
Outing  with  the  Queen  of  Hearts;  An  Ap 
peal  to  Caesar;  The  Veteran  and  His  Pipe; 
The  Man  of  Destiny;  Letters  to  a  King; 
The  Story  of  a  Thousand;  The  War  of  the 
Standards;  The  Code  with  Notes;  Digest 


of  Cited  Cases;  and  The  Bystander,  in  the 
Chicago  Inter  Ocean  since  1886. 

TOURGEE,  EBEN,  musician,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  June  1,  1834,  in  War 
wick,  R.  I.  In  1859  he  founded  a  musical 
conservatory  at  East  Greenwich,  and  in 
1864  he  projected  a  larger  institution  at 
Providence,  which  was  removed  to  Bos 
ton  in  1867,  and  incorporated  in  1870.  He 
died  April  12,  1891,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

TOUSEY,  SINCLAIR,  president  of  the 
American  News  company,  was  born  July 
18,  1818,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  In  1864 
he  helped  form  the  American  News  com 
pany  in  New  York  city,  which  bought  the 
trade  of  himself  and  several  other  whole 
sale  dealers.  He  was  elected  president  of 
the  new  company,  and  occupied  the  office 
until  his  death.  He  died  June  16,  1887,  in 
New  York  city. 

TOWER,  CHARLEMAGNE,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  17,  1848,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  has  a  large 
and  lucrative  practice;  and  is  the  author 
of  a  work  entitled  The  Marquis  de  La 
Kayette  in  the  American  Revolution. 

TOWER,  FAYETTE  BARTHOLOMEW, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1817,  in 
Waterville,  N.  Y.  He  made  Waterville, 
N.  Y.,  his  residence,  and  at  that  time  pre 
pared  his  Illustrations  of  the  Croton  Aque 
duct,  consisting  of  a  series  of  twenty-one 
plates,  with  text.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1857, 
in  Waterville,  N.  Y. 

TOWER,  ZEALOUS  BATES,  soldier, 
was  born  Jan.  12,  1819,  in  Cohasset,  Mass. 
After  forty  years  of  active  service  he  was 
retired.  He  received  eight  brevets  up  to 
major-general.  He  founded  the  City  of 
Mexico  in  1847. 

TOWLE,  AMOS,  educator,  was  born  Ju 
ly  23,  1823,  in  Exeter,  N.  H.  He  received 
a  thorough  education  and  attended  the 
Phillips  Exeter  academy.  He  attained 
success  in  educational  work,  and  taught 
i  wo  years  in  the  Bristol  academy  of  Taun- 
ton,  Mass.,  before  he  moved  in  1844  to 
Mobile,  Ala.  He  then  taught  in  private 
schools  until  1853,  when  he  engaged  in 
building  up  the  public  schools  until  1860. 
He  then  entered  the  Mobile  college  for 
eight  years;  then  established  Towle's  in 
stitute  for  Boys,  which  flourished  until 
he  ceased  to  teach,  after  fifty-three  years 
of  active  service  in  the  cause  of  civiliza 
tion. 

TOWLE,  GEORGE  MAKEPEACE,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1841,  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  the  author  of 
History  of  Henry  V.;  Glimpses  of  His 
tory;  Modern  France;  Certain  Men  of 
Mark;  American  Society;  Beaconsfield; 
England  and  Russia  in  Asia;  England  in 
Egypt;  Young  People's  History  of  Eng 
land;  Young  People's  History  of  Ireland; 
The  Nation  in  a  Nutshell;  Heroes  of  His 
tory;  The  Literature  of  the  English  Lan 
guage;  and  Heroes  and  Martyrs  of  Inven 
tion.  He  died  Aug.  10,  1893,  in  Brookline, 
Mass. 

TOWLER,  JOHN,  educator,  author,  was 
born  June  20,  1811,  in  England.  He  is  an 
English  educator  who  settled  in  America 
in  1850,  was  a  professor  in  Hobart  college, 
Geneva,  N.  Y.,  in  1853-82,  and  subsequent 
ly  lived  at  Orange,  N.  J.  Beside  publishing 
a  number  of  works  on  photography,  he 
was  co-editor  of  Hilpert's  German  and 
English  Dictionary. 

TOWLES,  MRS.  CATHERINE  WEBB, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1823,  in 
Charlemont,  Mass.  She  has  received  hon 
orary  degrees  from  southern  colleges.  She 
has  published  Tales  for  the  Freemason's 
Fireside;  The  Three  Golden  Links;  and 
Poor  Claire,  or  Life  Among  the  Queer, 


TOWN,  SALEM,  educator,  author,  was. 
born  March  5,  1779,  in  Belchertown, 
Mass.  He  was  a  once  noted  educator  of 
New  York  and  Indiana;  and  the  author 
of  System  of  Speculative  Masonry;  An 
alysis  of  English  Derivatives;  and,  with 
N.  Holbrook,  a  popular  series  of  readers. 
He  died  Feb.  24,  1864,  in  Greencastle,  Ind. 

TOWNE,  CHARLES  ARNETTE,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1858, 
in  Oakland  county,  Mich.  He  is  one  of  the- 
foremost  lawyers  of  the  west,  and  has  a 
large  practice  in  Duluth,  Minn.  He  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress,  and  since  1897  has  been 
chairman  of  the  national  committee  of  the 
silver  republican  party. 

TOWNE,  EDWARD  CORNELIUS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1834  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  New  Haven;  and  the  author  of 
The  Question  of  Hell;  and  Electricity 
and  Life. 

TOWNE,  HENRY  ROBINSON,  manu 
facturer,  was  born  Aug.  28.  1844,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  The  Yale  and  Towne  Man 
ufacturing  company,  whose  works  are  yet 
located  in  Stamford,  with  others  in  Bran- 
ford,  Conn.,  was  practically  founded  and 
has  been  entirely  developed  by  him. 

TOWNS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
journalist,  lawyer,  legislator,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  May  4,  1801,  in 
Wilkes  county,  Ga.  He  served  for  sev 
eral  years  in  the  Georgia  legislature.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1835  to  1839,  and  was  again  elected  in 
1846.  His  last  public  position  was  that  of 
governor  of  Georgia,  to  which  office  he 
was  elected  in  1847;  and  was  re-elected  in 
1849.  He  died  July  15,  1854,  in  Macon. 

TOWNSEND,  AMOS,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1831  in  Fayette 
county.  Pa.  He  served  in  the  Cleveland 
city  council  for  ten  years,  seven  years  as 
president  of  the  council;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

TOWNSEND,  CALVIN,  author,  was 
born  in  18 — .  He  is  the  author  of  Ana 
lysis  of  the  United  States  Constitution; 
Compendium  of  Commercial  Law;  Ana 
lysis  of  Letter-Writing;  and  Shorter 
Course  in  Civil  Government. 

TOWNSEND,  CHARLES,  author.  He 
is  the  author  of  Essays  on  Mind,  Matter, 
Force,  etc.;  and  Primordial  Principles  of 
the  Universe. 

TOWNSEND,  CHARLES  CHAMPLIN, 
soldier,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  24,  1841,  in  Allegheny  City,  Pa. 
He  served  two  years  in  the  army  during 
the  rebellion  as  a  private  in  company  A, 
ninth  regiment  Pennsylvania  reserve  vol 
unteer  corps,  and  afterwards  as  adjutant 
of  the  first  Pennsylvania  cavalry.  He  was 
elected  from  New  Brighton,  Pa.,  to  the 
fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

TOWNSEND,  DWIGHT.  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1826  in  New  York 
city.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  also 
elected  to  the  forty-second  congress. 

TOWNSEND,  EDWARD  DAVIS,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1817,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  an  adjutant-gen 
eral  of  the  United  States  army,  at  the 
time  of  his  death  on  the  retired  list  as 
brigadier-general.  He  was  chief  executive 
officer  of  the  war  department  in  Washing 
ton  during  the  civil  war.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Catechism  of  the  Bible;  and  Anec 
dotes  of  the  Civil  War  in  the  United 
States.  He  died  May  11,  1893,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 


HBRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


TOWNSEND,  EDWARD  WATERMAN, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1855  in 
Ohio.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city  whose  studies  of  Bowery  life  and 
dialect  have  been  widely  popular.  He  is 
the  author  of  Chimmie  Fadden,  Major 
Max,  and  Other  Stories;  Chimmie  Fadden 
Explains,  Major  Max  Expounds;  A  Daugh 
ter  of  the  Tenements,  a  novel;  Near  a 
Whole  City  Full,  a  collection  of  short  dra 
matic  stories.  In  collaboration  he  has 
written  several  plays,  including  Chimmie 
Fadden;  A  Daughter  of  the  Tenements; 
and  The  Marquis  of  Michigan. 

TOWNSEND,  ELIZA,  poet,  was  born  in 
1789  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  was  a  verse- 
writer  of  Boston  whose  collected  Poems 
and  Miscellanies  appeared  in  1856.  She 
died  Jan.  12,  1854,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

TOWNSEND,  FREDERICK,  soldier, 
was  born  Sept.  21,  1825,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
In  1856  he  became  adjutant-general  of  the 
state.  He  served  in  various  capacities 
during  the  civil  war  as  major;  and  in 
1S78  was  appointed  a  brigadier-general  In 
the  state  militia,  and  afterward  became 
adjutant-general. 

TOWNSEND,  GEORGE,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1815  to  1819. 

TOWNSEND,  GEORGE  ALFRED— 
Gath— journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
30,  1841,  in  Georgetown,  Del.  He  is  a 
journalist  of  New  York  city  and  Chicago 
famous  as  a  war  correspondent,  among 
whose  writings  are  Washington  Outside 
and  Inside;  Tales  of  the  Chesapeake;  Bo 
hemian  Days;  Campaigns  of  a  Non-Com- 
batant;  The  Entailed  Hat,  a  novel;  Po 
ems;  Life  of  Garibaldi;  The  Real  Life 
of  Abraham  Lincoln;  Katy  of  Catoctin, 
a  National  Romance;  and  Mrs.  Reynolds 
and  Hamilton. 

TOWNSEND,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
merchant,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
1,  1839,  in  West  Chester,  Pa.  He  received 
his  education  in  the 
public  and  classical 
schools  of  Philadel 
phia.  For  ten  years 
he  was  a  successful 
merchant,  and  in  1874 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  several  re 
ligious  and  secular 
works,  and  has  given 
much  time  and  study 
to  solving  the  educa 
tional  problem  How 
to  Educate.  His  method  of  education  em 
bodied  in  The  Wherewithal  trains  the 
senses  and  teaches  how  to  think.  He  has 
filled  high  official  Masonic  positions,  and 
has  lectured  extensively  on  educational 
topics. 

TOWNSEND,   HOSEA,   soldier,   lawyer, 
jurist,   congressman,    was    born   June    16, 
1840,  in  Greenwich,  O'hio.     He  enlisted  in 
the  second  Ohio  cav- 
•  airy  in  1861;  and  was 
:',   promoted  to  lieuten- 
I  ant,  and  resigned  in 
I  1863    on    account    of 
jfV  Vfe   V'ji  disability.      He    was 
|  admitted   to  the  bar 
at    Cleveland,    Ohio, 
and   commenced    the 
practice    of    law    in 
Memphis,    Tenn.,    in 
1865.  He  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  of 
that  state  in  1869  as 
a  republican,  and  served  one  term.  He  re 
moved  to  Colorado  in  1879;    was  elected 
to  the  fifty-first  congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  republi 
can.    In   1897  he  was  appointed  judge   of 


the  United  States  supreme  court  for  the 
southern  district  of  the  Indian  territory. 

TOWNSEND,  HOWARD,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1823,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  physician  of  Albany;  and 
the  author  of  The  Sunbeam  and  the  Spec 
troscope;  Food  and  its  Digestion;  and 
Sinai  Bible.  He  died  Jan.  16,  1867,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

TOWNSEND,  JAMES,  congressman.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  second  congress.  He  died  in 
May,  1791. 

TOWNSEND,  JAMES  MULFORD,  capi 
talist,  philanthropist,  was  born  Jan.  20, 
1825,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  The  Townsend 
prize  fund,  amounting  to  one  hundred  dol 
lars,  was  his  gift  to  the  Yale  Law  school, 
and  is  offered  the  student  who  shall  write 
and  deliver  the  best  oration  in  the  best 
manner  on  graduation  day. 

TOWNSEND,  JOHN  KIRK,  naturalist, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1809,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  naturalist  of  Wash 
ington;  and  the  author  of  Journey  to  the 
Columbia  River,  republished  in  London 
as  Sporting  Adventures  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1851,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

TOWNSEND,  LINUS,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  25,  1819,  near  Apollo,  Pa.  For 
half  a  century  he  has  contributed  to  the 
periodical  press;  is  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  entitled  Miscellaneous  Poems,  a  work 
of  over  three  hundred  pages;  and  a  Pio 
neer  History,  containing  historical  notes 
of  a  district  in  West  Pennsylvania.  His 
poems  also  appear  in  Poets  of  America, 
and  other  standard  works. 

TOWNSEND,  LUTHER  TRACY,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
27,  1838,  in  Orono,  Maine.  He  is  a  metho- 
dist  clergyman  and  educator  of  promi 
nence,  professor  in  Boston  university  in 
1873-93;  a  pastor  in  Baltimore  from  1893; 
and  subsequently  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
is  the  author  of  God-Man;  Credo;  The 
Fate  of  Republics;  Outlines  of  Christian 
Theology;  Sword  and  Garment;  The  Are 
na  and  the  Throne;  The  Intermediate 
World;  Search  and  Manifestations;  The 
Mosaic  Record  and  Modern  Science;  Bible 
Miracles  and  Modern  Thought;  Outlines 
of  Theology;  The  Supernatural  Factor  in 
Religious  Revivals;  Real  and  Pretended 
Christianity;  The  Bible  and  Other  An 
cient  Literature  in  the  Nineteenth  Cen 
tury;  The  Chinese  Problem;  The  Inter 
mediate  World;  and  The  Art  of  Speech. 

TOWNSEND,  MARTIN  INGHAM,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1810, 
in  Hancock,  Mass.  In  1842-45  'he  was  dis 
trict  attorney  for  Rensselaer  county,  N. 
Y. ;  attorney  for  the  northern  district  of 
New  York  during  1879-87;  and  a  member 
of  the  constitutional  commission  of  1890. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

TOWNSEND,  MRS.  MARY  ASHLEY 
[VAN  VOORHEES],  author,  poet,  was 
born  about  1836  in  Lyons,  N.  Y.  She  is  a 
popular  poet  of  New  Orleans;  and  the 
author  of  Xariffa's  Poems;  Down  the  Ba 
you,  and  Other  Poems;  Distaff  and  Spin 
dle;  The  Captain's  Story,  a  Poem;  and 
The  Brother  Clerks. 

TOWNSEND,  N.  S.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  England.  He  settled  in  Ohio;  and 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  that  state  from  1851  to  1853. 

TOWNSEND,  SMITH  J.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1869,  in  Geneva, 
111.  He  received  his  degree  of  medicine 
from  the  medical  department  of  the  West 
ern  Reserve  university  of  Cleveland,  Ohio; 


and  has  since  attained  success  in  his  pro 
fession  at  Paton,  Iowa.  He  has  been 
health  commissioner;  medical  examiner 
of  various  large  life  insurance  companies, 
and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  leading 
medical  bodies. 

TOWNSEND,  THOMAS  S.,  compiler, 
was  born  Aug.  27,  1829,  in  New  York  city. 
In  1860  he  determined  to  form  a  chrono 
logical  history  of  every  important  occur 
rence  in  connection  with  the  impending 
civil  war.  This  journalistic  record  com 
prises  about  one  hundred  and  twenty  vol 
umes  containing  sixty  thousand  pages. 
This  collection  is  now  in  Columbia  col 
lege  library,  New  York  city. 

TOWNSEND,  VIRGINIA  FRANCES, 
author,  was  born  in  1836  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  She  is  the  author  of  A  Woman's 
Word;  One  Woman's  Two  Lovers;  Lenox 
Dare;  Protestant  Queen  of  Navarre;  Only 
Girls;  Sirs,  Only  Seventeen;  A  Boston 
Girl's  Ambition;  Six  in  All;  But  a  Philis 
tine;  and  That  Queer  Girl. 

TOWNSEND,  WASHINGTON,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1813  in  West- 
chester,  Pa.  In  1832  he  became  a  teller 
in  the  bank  of  Ches 
ter  county,  during 
which  service  he  stu 
died  law,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1844. 
He  served  two  terms 
as  deputy  state's  at 
torney  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  was  a  del 
egate  to  the  Balti 
more  national  con 
vention  of  1852,  and 
also  to  the  Chicago- 
convention  of  1860. 
In  1868  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
second,  forty-third,  and  forty-fourth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

TOWNSEND,  WILLIAM  KNEELAND, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  12,  1849,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer 
of  New  Haven,  Conn.;  has  been  corpora 
tion  counsel;  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court;  and  professor  of  law  in  the 
Yale  university. 

TOWNSHEND,  RICHARD  WELLING 
TON,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
April  30,  1840,  in  Prince  George  county, 
Md.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney  for  the 
twelfth  judicial  circuit  of  Illinois  from 
1868  to  1872.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth, 
forty-ninth,  and  fiftieth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

TOWNSLEY,  FRANCES  ELEANOfl, 
educator,  clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Sept. 
13,  1849,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  She  is  now 
pastor  of  the  baptist  church  of  Ashland, 
Neb.  She  is  the  author  of  numerous  po 
ems  of  merit,  which  have  appeared  in 
Harper's  Weekly,  Poets  of  America,  and 
other  standard  works. 

TOY,  CRAWFORD  HOWELL,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  March 
23,  1836,  in  Norfolk,  Va.  He  is  a  Unitarian 
clergyman,  and  professor  of  Hebrew  in 
Harvard  University  Divinity  school.  He 
is  the  author  of  Quotations  in  the  New 
Testament;  History  of  the  Religion  of 
Israel;  and  Judaism  and  Christianity,  the 
Progress  of  Thought  from  the  Old  Testa 
ment  to  the  New. 

TRACEWELL,  ROBERT  J.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  7,  1852,  in 
Warren  county,  Va.  He  entered  his  fath 
er's  law  office  at  Corydon,  Ind.,  and  has 
since  remained  at  Corydon  in  the  prac 
tice  of  the  law.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 


940 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


TRACEY.  CHARLES,  congressman, 
was  born  May  27,  1847,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  appointed  aide-de-camp  to  Gov 
ernor  Tilden  of  New  York  in  1875;  and 
was  appointed  commissary-general  of  sub 
sistence  of  New  York  state  in  1877.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-first;  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-sec 
ond  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat. 

TRACEY,  JOHN  P.,  soldier,  journalist, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  18, 
1836,  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio.  He  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  the 
'  union  army  in  1862, 
and  was  mustered 
p  out  with  the  rank  of 
first  lieutenant  in 
1865;  and  was  com 
missioned  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  enroll 
ed  militia  in  1865.  He 
settled  in  Stockton 
and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law;  re 
moved  to  Springfield 
in  1874  and  engaged 
in  journalism  as  the  editor  of  a  republi 
can  newspaper.  He  was  on  the  Grant 
electoral  ticket  in  1868;  republican  candi 
date  for  railroad  commissioner  in  1878; 
and  candidate  for  elector  at  large  on  the 
Garfield  ticket  in  1880.  He  was  commis 
sioned  United  States  marshal  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  Missouri  in  1890,  and  served 
until  1894.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican.  He  se 
cured  the  adoption  of  a  reform  in  the  ju 
diciary  department,  substituting  stated 
salaries  instead  of  fees  to  attorneys  and 
marshals  of  the  United  States  courts. 

TRACY,  ALBERT  HALLER.  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  June 
17,  1793,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  served 
three  terms  in  congress  from  1819  to  1825 
as  a  representative  from  a  district  com 
prising  almost  the  whole  of  that  part  of 
New  York  west  of  Seneca  lake.  In  1829 
he  was  elected  to  the  senate  of  New  York 
for  four  years;  and  was  re-elected  for  a 
second  term  of  four  years.  He  died  Sept. 
19,  1859,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

TRACY,  ANDREW,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Vermont.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Vermont  from  1853  to  1855.  He  served  ten 
years  in  the  state  legislature,  a  part  of  the 
time  in  each  house,  and  was  speaker  from 
1842  to  1845.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1868.  in 
Woodstock,  Vt. 

TRACY.  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  cabinet  officer,  was 
born  April  26,  1830,  in  Owego,  N.  Y.  In 
1853  and  1856  he  was 
elected  district  at 
torney  of  Tioga 
county;  and  was 
successively  elected 
and  re  -  elected  a 
member  of  the  state 
legislature.  He  serv 
ed  in  the  civil  war, 
and  at  its  close  was 
made  a  brigadier- 
general.  During  1866- 
73  he  was  United 
States  district  attor 
ney  for  the  eastern  district  of  New  York; 
and  during  1881-83  was  an  associate  judge 
of  the  court  of  appeals.  In  1888  he  was 
chosen  by  President  Harrison  to  be  sec 
retary  of  the  na\y,  and  his  record  in  the 
creation  of  the  new  navy  is  a  mailer  of 
history.  He  drafted  the  new  charter  for 
the  greater  city  of  New  York;  and  in 
1897  was  a  candidate  for  the  mayoralty  of 
that  city 


TRACY,  CHARLES  CHAPIN,  mission 
ary,  author,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1838,  in 
East  Smithfield,  Pa.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
foreign  missionary;  and  the  author  of 
Letters  to  Members  of  Oriental  Families; 
and  Myra,  or  a  Child's  Story  of  Missionary 
Life. 

TRACY,  H.  W.,  merchant,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1807, 
in  Luzerne  county,  Pa.  In  1861  and  1862 
he  was  elected  to  the  Pennsylvania  state 
legislature;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress. 

TRACY.  IRA,  missionary,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  15,  1806,  in  Hartford,  Vt.  He 
was  a  congregational  missionary  in  the 
East  Indies;  and  the  author  of  Duty  to 
the  Heathen.  He  died  Nov.  10,  1875,  in 
Bloomington,  Wis. 

TRACY,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1794,  in  Hartford,  Vt. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman,  sec 
retary  of  the  Massachusetts  Colonization 
society;  and  the  author  of  Three  Last 
Things;  and  The  Great  Awakening,  a 
History  of  the  Revival  of  Religion  in  the 
Time  of  Edwards  and  Whitefield.  He 
died  March  24,  1874.  in  Beverly,  Mass. 

TRACY,  PHINEAS  LYMAN,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1786,  in  Norwich, 
Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Genesee  county,  N.  Y.,  from  1827  to 
1833.  He  died  Dec.  23,  1876,  in  Batavia, 
N.  Y. 

TRACY.  ROGER  SHERMAN,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1841,  in 
Windsor.  Vt.  He  is  a  physician  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Handbook 
of  Sanitary  Information  for  Household 
ers;  Essentials  of  Anatomy;  Physiology 
and  Hygiene;  and  The  New  Liber  Pri 
mus. 

TRACY,  URI,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Franklin,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1805  to 
1807,  and  again  from  1809  to  1813.  He 
died  in  1813. 

TRACY,  URIAH,  lawyer,  congressman. 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  2, 
1755,  in  Franklin,  Conn.  He  was  often 
chosen  a  state  representative  from  Con 
necticut,  and  in  1793  was  speaker  of  the 
house.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1793  to  1796,  and  from  1796  to 
1807  was  a  senator  of  the  United  States. 
He  was  also  a  major-general  of  militia. 
He  died  July  19,  1807,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

TRAFTON,  MARK,  clergyman,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1810, 
in  Bangor,  Maine.  He  is  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  of  prominence,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  thirty-fourth  congress  in  i855-57, 
from  Massachusetts.  He  is  the  author  of 
Rambles  in  Europe;  Safe  Investment; 
Baptism:  its  Subjects  and  Mode;  and 
Scenes  in  My  Life. 

TRAIN,  ARTHUR  SAVAGE,  clergy 
man,  educator,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1812,  in 
Framingham,  Mass.  He  was  ordained  to 
the  ministry  in  1836,  as  pastor  of  the  bap 
tist  church  in  Haverhill,  Mass.,  and  he 
continued  in  that  relation  for  twenty- 
three  years,  resigning  his  pastorate  to 
accept  the  professorship  of  sacred  rhetoric 
and  pastoral  duties  in  Newton  Theologi 
cal  seminary.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1872,  in 
Framingham,  Mass. 

TRAIN,  CHARLES  RUSSELL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1817,  in  Framing- 
ham,  Mass.  He  was  elected  to  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature  in  1847;  and  from 
1X48  to  1851  he  was  district  attorney  for 
northern  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  second 
time  appointed  district  attorney;  and  in 


1857  and  1858  served  as  a  member  of  the 
state  council.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  In  1875  he  was 
elected  attorney-general  of  Massachusetts. 

TRAIN,  ELIZABETH  PHIPPS,  author, 
was  born  in  1857  in  Massachusetts.  She 
is  a  novelist  of  Duxbury,  Mass.;  and  the 
author  of  Dr.  Lamar;  Autobiography  of  a 
Professional  Beauty;  A  Social  Highway 
man;  A  Marital  Liability.  Her  transla 
tions  from  the  French  include  The  Apos 
tate;  The  Shadow  of  Dr.  Laroque;  and 
Recollections  of  the  Court  of  the  Tuileries. 

TRAIN,  GEORGE  FRANCIS,  lecturer, 
author,  was  born  March  24,  1829,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  a  lecturer  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  an  American  Mer 
chant  in  Europe;  Young, America  Abroad; 
Young  America  in  Wall  Street;  Spread 
Eagleism;  Union  Speeches;  and  Irish  In 
dependency. 

TRALL,  RUSSELL  THACHER,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1812,  in 
Vernon,  Conn.  He  was  a  homoeopathic 
physician  of  New  York  city,  and  subse 
quently  of  Florence,  N.  J.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Bath:  the  History  and  Uses 
of,  in  Health  and  Disease;  Digestion  and 
Dyspepsia;  The  Mother's  Hygienic  Hand 
book;  The  Human  Voice;  Popular  Physi 
ology;  The  True  Temperance  Platform; 
Encyclopedia  of  Hydropathy;  and  Uter 
ine  Diseases.  He  died  Sept.  23,  Ioi7,  in 
Florence,  N.  J. 

TRAMMELL,  LEANDER  NEWTON, 
state  senator,  was  born  June  5,  1830,  in 
Habersham  county,  Ga.  In  1861  and  1863 
he  was  a  representative  in  the  Georgia 
legislature;  and  in  1870  was  president  of 
the  senate. 

TRAPIER,  PAUL,  congressman.  He  was 
a  delegate  from  South  Carolina  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1777  to  1778. 

TRASK,  JABEZ  NELSON,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1831, 
in  Freedom,  Maine.  In  1863  he  was  em 
ployed  by  the  New  England  Educational 
commission  as  superintendent  of  aban 
doned  plantations  on  Port  Royal  island, 
S.  C.  In  1871-72  he  was  United  States  In 
dian  agent  among  the  Utahs  in  southwest 
ern  Colorado.  In  1894  he  published  a  work 
entitled  Adjusted  Constitution  of  Massa 
chusetts.  Since  1868  he  has  been  a  cler 
gyman,  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  va 
rious  cities  throughout  the  United  States. 

TRASK,  WILLIAM  BLAKE,  author, 
genealogist,  was  born  Nov.  25.  1812,  in 
He  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  the  His 
torical  and  Genealo 
gical  Register  of 
Boston,  Mass.  He 
copied  the  ancient 
town  records  of  Bos 
ton,  and  made  fac 
similes  ofautographs 
for  Samuel  G. 
Drake's  history  of 
that  city;  and  con 
tributed  extensively 
to  the  New  England 
Historical  and  Gene 
alogical  Register,  and  various  other  pub 
lications. 

TRAUTWINE,  JOHN  CRESSON,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  March  30, 
1810,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  civil 
engineer  of  eminence;  and  the  author  of 
Method  of  Calculating  Cubic  Contents  of 
Excavations  and  Embankments:  Field 
Practice  of  Laying  out  Railroad  Curves; 
and  Civil  Engineer's  Pocket-Book.  He 
died  Sept.  14,  1883,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Dorchester.  Mass. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


941 


TRAVERS,  LEVI  DOVE,  jurist,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1828,  in  Taylor's 
Island,  Md.  In  1878  he  was  chaplain  of 
the  state  senate  of  the  legislature  of  Mary 
land;  and  for  the  past  twelve  years  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Maryland  state 
legislature. 

TRAVIS,  WILLIAM  BARRETT,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1811  in  Conecuh  county, 
Ala.  At  the  commencement  of  the  Texan 
struggle  for  independence  he  drew  his 
sword  in  that  cause  and  fell  bravely  fight 
ing  a  vastly  superior  force  of  Mexicans. 
He  was  killed  March  1,  1836,  at  the  Alamo, 
and  he  is  known  in  history  as  the  hero 
of  the  Alamo. 

TRAYNOR,  W.  J.  H.,  journalist,  was 
born  July  4,  1845,  in  Canada.  He  is  the 
founder,  editor  and  owner  of  The  Patri 
otic  American;  and  he  is  the  supreme 
president  of  the  American  Protective  as 
sociation,  with  headquarters  at  Detroit, 
Mich. 

TREADWELL,  DANIEL,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1791,  in  Ipswich, 
Mass.  He  was  the  inventor  of  the  power- 
press  for  spinning  hemp  for  cordage;  and 
also  a  cannon  which  bears  his  name.  He 
was  Rumford  professor  at  Harvard  uni 
versity  in  1834-45;  and  the  author  of  The 
Relations  of  Science  to  the  Useful  Arts; 
The  Practicability  of  Constructing  Cannon 
of  Great  Calibre;  and  Construction  of 
Hooped  Cannon.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1872, 
in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

TREADWELL,  JOHN,'  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  23, 
1745,  in  Farmington,  Conn.  He  filled  the 
offices  of  judge  of  probate,  and  of  other 
courts.  From  1785  to  1786  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  continental  congress.  In  1809 
he  was  elected  governor  of  Connecticut, 
and  served  two  years.  He  died  Aug.  19, 
1823.  in  Farmington,  Conn. 

TREADWELL,  SEYMOUR  BOUGH- 
TON,  politician,  author,  was  born  June  1, 
1795,  in  Bridgeport,  Conn.  He  was  a 
politician  of  Jackson,  Mich.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  American  Liberties  and  American 
Slavery  Politically  Illustrated.  He  died 
June  9,  1867,  in  Jackson,  Mich. 

TREADWELL,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  ju 
rist  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  6,  1743,  in  Smithtown,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  provincial  congress  of 
the  colony  of  New  York  in  1775  and  1776; 
and  was  also  a  member  of  the  convention 
of  representatives  of  the  state  of  New 
York  in  1776  and  1777,  by  which  the  first 
constitution  of  the  state  of  New  York  was 
adopted.  From  1777  to  1783  he  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly;  and 
from  1786  to  1789  of  the  state  senate  from 
the  same  county.  He  was  the  first  judge 
of  the  court  of  probate  of  the  state,  serv 
ing  from  1778  to  1787;  and  was  subse 
quently  surrogate  of  Suffolk  county  from 
1787  to  1791.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  his  native  district  from  1791  to  1795; 
and  was  one  of  the  original  proprietors 
of  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  again  elect 
ed  to  the  state  senate,  and  served  from 
1803  to  1807.  He  was  appointed  surrogate 
of  Clinton  county  in  1807,  and  held  that 
office  until  1831,  making  an  almost  con 
tinuous  term  of  public  service  of  fifty-six 
years.  He  died  Jan.  30,  1832,  in  Platts 
burg,  N.  Y. 

TREAT,  JOHN  HARVEY,  author,  was 
born  July  23,  1839,  in  Pittsfield,  N.  H.  He 
received  his  education  at  Phillips  Andover 
academy,  and  in  1862  graduated  from  Har 
vard  college.  After  graduating  he  engaged 
In  business  with  his  father  in  Lawrence, 
Mass.;  and  has  traveled  extensively  in 
Europe  and  the  east;  and  is  a  member 
of  the  various  historical  societies  in 
America  and  in  England.  In  1888  he  pre 


sented  to  Harvard  a  large  collection  of 
rare  books;  and  to  its  museum  of  com 
parative  zoology  he  gave  his  large  collec 
tion  of  entomological  specimens.  He  is 
the  author  of  Notes  on  the  Rubrics;  Tru- 
ro  Baptism;  The  Catholic  Faith;  A  Gen 
ealogy  of  the  Treat  Family;  and  other 
works.  In  addition  to  which  he  has  pri 
vately  printed  pamphlets  on  theological 
and  archaeological  subjects. 

TREAT,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  8,  1775,  in  Bangor,  Maine.  He 
became  brigadier-general  in  the  Maine 
state  militia.  He  published  a  pamphlet 
entitled  The  Vindication  of  Captain  Jos 
eph  Treat,  late  of  the  twenty-first  United 
States  Infantry,  against  the  Atrocious  Ca 
lumnies  Comprehended  in  Major-General 
Brown's  Official  Report  of  the  Battle  of 
Chippeway  (1815).  He  died  Feb.  27,  1853, 
in  Bangor,  Maine. 

TREAT,  MRS.  MARY  LUA  ADELIA 
[DAVIS]  [ALLEN],  naturalist,  author, 
was  born  in  18 — .  She  is  a  naturalist  of 
Vineland,  N.  J.;  and  the  author  of  Chap 
ters  on  Ants;  Injurious  Insects  of  the 
Farm  and  Garden;  Home  Studies  in  Na 
ture;  and  My  Garden  Pets. 

TREAT,  ROBERT,  governor,  was  born 
in  1622  in  England.  In  1676  he  was  elected 
deputy  governor  of  Connecticut,  and  sub 
sequently  served  as  governor.  He  died 
July  12,  1710,  in  Milford,  Conn. 

TREAT,  SAMUEL,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  journalist,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1815, 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  became  assistant 
editor  of  the  Missouri  Reporter  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  subsequently  editor-in- 
chief  of  the  St.  Louis  Union,  practicing  law 
in  addition  to  his  editorial  duties.  In  1849 
he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  of  St.  Louis;  and  in  1851 
was  elected  to  that  position.  While  holding 
that  office  in  1857  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  eastern  dis 
trict  of  Missouri. 

TREAT,  SAMUEL  HUBBEL,  lawyer, 
author,  jurist,  was  born  June  21,  1811,  in 
Plainfield,  N.  Y.  In  1855  he  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  office  of  United  States  judge 
for  the  southern  district  of  Illinois,  which 
post  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  compiled,  with  notes,  Illinois  Law  Stat 
utes,  embracing  all  of  the  general  laws 
in  force,  in  two  volumes.  He  died  March 
27,  1887,  in  Springfield,  111. 

TREDWAY,  WILLIAM  M.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1845  to  1847. 

TREE,  LAMBERT,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1832,  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  In  1855  he  moved  to 
Chicago  and  practiced  law.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Chicago  Law 
institute.  In  1870  he  was  elected  one  of 
the  circuit  judges  at  Chicago  to  fill  an  un- 
expired  term,  and  was  re-elected  for  a 
full  term;  and  in  1885  was  the  candidate 
of  the  democrats  In  the  state  legislature 
for  United  States  senator,  but  was  de 
feated  by  Gen.  John  A.  Logan  by  one  vote. 
In  1885  he  was  appointed  United  States 
minister  to  Belgium. 

TREGO,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  express 
man,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1837,  in  Middle- 
burg,  Md.  In  1856  he  became  the  super 
intendent  of  the  Adams  Express  com 
pany  at  Baltimore,  and  during  the  civil 
war  had  charge  of  the  transportation  of 
express  matter  for  troops  in  the  southern 
states.  In  1877  he  projected  and  organ 
ized  the  first  trunk  railway  express  in  the 
United  States;  and  in  1887  organized  the 
railway  express  over  the  Erie  system. 


TREICHLER,  MARY  EMMA  DANA, 
poet,  was  born  July  12,  1851,  in  Kenton, 
Ohio.  Her  poems  have  appeared  in  the 
National  Tribune  of  Washington,  D.  C., 
and  other  prominent  publications,  and  In 
several  standard  collections.  Her  po 
em  entitled  Springtime  Song  is  quite  a 
favorite,  and  is  often  sung  with  Root's  fa 
mous  Brooklet  Chords. 

TRELOAR,  WILLIAM  W.,  educator, 
composer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  21, 
1850,  near  Linden,  Wis.  In  1872  he  moved 
to  Huntsville,  and  in 
1875  to  Mexico,  Mo.; 
and  has  always  been 
actively  engaged  in 
educational  work.  In 
1894  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from 
Missouri  in  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress  and 
served  with  distinc 
tion  in  that  body.  He 
is  an  accomplished 
musician;  and  has 
composed  and  pub 
lished  a  hundred  piano  pieces  and  several 
booklets.  The  most  notable  of  his  com 
positions  are  The  Sleigh  Ride  Galop;  The 
Tambourine  March;  and  The  Railroad 
Galop.  Nearly  a  hundred  thousand  copies 
of  each  of  these  pieces  have  been  pub 
lished. 

TREMAIN,  GEORGE  L.,  banker,  was 
born  June  4,  1833,  in  Laona,  N.  Y.  He  is 
prominent  in  the  business  and  public  af 
fairs  of  Humboldt.  Iowa,  and  the  presi 
dent  of  The  People's  bank  of  that  city. 

TREMAIN,  HENRY  EDWIN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1840,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New 
York  city  who  was  an  officer  in  the  fed 
eral  army  during  the  civil  war;  and  is 
the  author  of  Sailor's  Creek  to  Appo- 
mattox  Court  House,  or  The  Last  Hours 
of  Sheridan's  Cavalry. 

TREMAIN,  LYMAN,  lawyer,  jurist,  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  June  14, 
1S19,  in  Durham,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected 
county  judge  and  surrogate  in  1846;  and 
was  elected  attorney  general  of  the  state 
of  New  York  in  1858.  In  1866  he  was  a 
member  of  the  assembly  from  the  city  of 
Albany,  and  was  speaker  in  1868.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a 
republican.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1878,  in 
New  York  city. 

TRENCHARD,  EDWARD,  artist,  was 
born  Aug.  17,  1850,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
His  works  include  The  Passing  Shower; 
The  Old  Wreck;  and  Sea,  Sand  and  Soli 
tude,  all  exhibited  at  the  Academy  of  De 
sign;  The  Breaking  Waves  Dashed  High; 
A  Tropic  Beach;  and  The  Surf. 

TRENCHARD,  STEPHEN  DECATUR, 
naval  officer,  was  born  July  10,  1818,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In  1834  he  became  a 
midshipman  in  the  United  States  navy; 
and  a  commodore  in  1871. 

TRENHOLM,  WILLIAM  LEE,  soldier, 
merchant,  public  official,  was  born  Feb.  3, 
1836,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  army  throughout  the  war 
of  the  rebellion;  and  in  1865  resumed 
business  in  Charleston.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  commissioners  of  the 
civil  service  of  the  United  States;  and 
in  1886  was  appointed  comptroller  of  the 
currency  in  the  department  of  the  treas 
ury. 

TRENT,  WILLIAM  PETERFIELD,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  in  1862  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  is  a  professor  of  English  and 
history  at  the  university  of  the  South, 
Sewanee,  Tenn.,  from  1888;  and  the  au 
thor  of  English  Culture  in  Virginia;  Life 
of  William  Gilmore  Simms;  and  South 
ern  Statesmen  of  the  Old  Regime. 


•i»42 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


TRESCOT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1822,  In  Char 
leston,  S.  C.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  diplo 
matist  of  Washington;  and  the  author 
•of  Diplomacy  of  the  Revolution;  and 
Diplomatic  History  of  the  Administra 
tions  of  Washington  and  Adams. 

TRESSLER,  DAVID  LOY,  soldier,  law 
yer,  college  president,  clergyman,  was 
born  Feb.  5,  1839,  in  Loysville,  Pa.  In 
1872  he  became  professor  of  ancient  lan 
guages  in  Carthage  college,  111.,  and  its 
treasurer.  In  the  following  year  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  college,  which 
post  he  occupied  until  his  death.  He  died 
Feb.  20,  1880,  in  Carthage,  111. 

TRETBAR,  HELEN  D.,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  She  is 
a  well  known  contributor  to  leading  musi 
cal  journals;  and  a  translator  of  songs 
from  German,  French  and  Italian. 

TREUTLEN,  JOHN  ADAM,  governor. 
In  1777  he  was  elected  governor  of  Geor 
gia.  He  died  in  Orangeburg,  S.  C. 

TREVETT,  RUSSELL,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1817,  in  Mar- 
blehead.  Mass.  He  was  professor  of  clas 
sics  and  history  at  St.  James's  college, 
Md.,  in  1844-55,  and  of  ancient  languages 
at  St.  John's  college,  Annapolis.  Md.,  in 
1855-61,  and  was  rector  of  St.  James's 
church,  North  Salem,  N.  Y.,  from  1861  till 
his  death.  He  died  March  8,  1865,  in 
North  Salem,  N.  Y. 

TREVETT,  SAMUEL  RUSSELL,  sur 
geon,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1783,  in  Marble- 
head,  Mass.  After  the  war  he  was  ap 
pointed  surgeon  of  the  navy  yard  at  Char 
leston,  and  in  1822  he  was  detailed  as  sur 
geon  on  board  the  sloop-of-war  Peacock. 
For  some  time  previous  to  his  death  he 
had  been  engaged  in  collecting  materials 
for  a  biography  of  American  physicians. 
He  died  Nov.  4,  1822,  in  Norfolk,  Va. 

TREZVANT,  JAMES,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  Sussex 
county,  Va.  He  was  attorney  for  the  state 
of  Virginia;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  and  of  the  constitutional 
convention  of  1830.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Virginia  from 
1825  to  1831.  He  died  in  1838. 

TRIGG,  ABRAM,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
in  1797  to  1809. 

TRIGG,  CONNALLY  F.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  In  1862  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  judge  for  the  east 
ern  district  of  Tennessee. 

TRIGG,  CONNALLY  F.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born"  Sept.  18,  1847,  in  Ab- 
ingdon,  Va.  In  1872  he  was  elected  com 
monwealth  attorney  for  Washington 
county;  and  held  the  position  by  success 
ive  re-elections  until  1884,  when  he  re 
signed,  having  been  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Virginia  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

TRIGG.  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1797  to  1804. 

TRIMBLE,  ALLEN,  state  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1783,  in  Augusta 
county,  Va.  In  1816  he  was  a  state  rep- 
rtsentative  from  Virginia;  and  from  1817 
to  1826  state  senator,  and  speaker  from 
1819  to  1826.  He  was  acting  governor  in 
1£21  and  1822;  and  was  governor  from  1826 
to  1830.  He  was  president  of  the  first 
state  board  of  agriculture  from  1846  to 
1848.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1870,  in  Hillsboro. 

TRIMBLE,  GARY  A.,  agriculturist,  ed 
ucator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  13, 
1813,  in  Hillsborough,  Ohio.  In  1837  he 
was  appointed  demonstrator  of  anatomy 
in  his  Alma  Mater,  which  position  he  held 
until  1841,  when  he  settled  in  Chillicothe. 


He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress;  and 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress. 

TRIMBLE,  DAVID,  agriculturist,  manu 
facturer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1782 
in  Frederick  county,  Va.  He  was  en 
gaged  in  the  war  of  1812,  serving  two 
campaigns  under  Gen.  Harrison.  In  1817 
he  was  chosen  a  member  of  congress  from 
Kentucky,  and  served  without  interrup 
tion  until  1827.  He  died  Oct.  26,  1842,  in 
Trimble's  Furnace,  Ky. 

TRIMBLE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1812,  in 
Roane  county,  Tenn.  From  1836  to  1841 
he  was  attorney  general  of  the  state  for 
the  Nashville  district.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  assembly  from  1843  to  1845; 
of  the  state  senate  from  1845  to  1847,  and 
again  from  1859  to  1861.  In  1862  he  was 
appointed  district  attorney  of  the  United 
States  for  middle  Tennessee,  which  office 
he  resigned  in  1864.  He  was  again  in 
the  state  senate  from  1865  to  1867,  when 
he  resigned.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Tennessee  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-first 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

TRIMBLE,  LAWRENCE  S.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  railroad  president,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  26,  1825,  in  Fleming,  Ky.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  legislature 
in  1851  and  1852;  and  was  judge  of  the 
equity  and  criminal  court  of  the  first 
judicial  district  of  the  state  from  1856  to 
1860.  From  I860  to  1865  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  New  Orleans  and  Ohio  Rail 
road  company.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Kentucky  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress;  and  re-elected  to  the  fortieth 
and  forty-first  congresses. 

TRIMBLE,  ROBERT.  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  1777  in  Ber 
keley  county,  Va.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Kentucky  state  legislature;  and  in  1808 
was  chosen  judge  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals,  but  soon  resigned  the  position.  In 
1810  he  was  made  chief  justice  of  the 
state;  in  1813  became  district  attorney  for 
the  state;  and  in  1816  was  appointed  fed 
eral  judge  of  Kentucky.  In  1826  he  was 
appointed  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  United  States.  He  died  Aug.  25, 
1828. 

TRIMBLE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist. 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  an  early 
emigrant  to  the  territory  of  Arkansas, 
where  he  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  that  territory,  remaining  in  of 
fice  until  1832. 

TRIMBLE,  WILLIAM  A.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  April 
4.  1786,  in  Woodford,  Ky.  He  was  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  Ohio  first  infantry 
from  1814  to  1819.  He  was  United  States 
senator  from  Ohio  from  1819  to  1821;  and 
was  commissioner  with  Gen.  Cass  to  treat 
with  the  northwestern  Indians  at  Green 
Bay.  He  died  Dec.  13,  1821,  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

TRIPLETT,  PHILIP,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Kentucky  from  1839 
to  1843. 

TRIPP,  BARTLETT,  lawyer,  jurist, 
public  official,  was  born  July  15,  1839,  in 
Harmony,  Maine.  In  1869  he  moved  to 
Yankton,  S.  D.;  and  in  1883  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  first  constitutional  convention 
of  the  territory,  and  was  elected  president 
of  that  body.  In  1883  he  was  elected  pres 
ident  of  the  Bar  association  of  the  sec 
ond  judicial  district;  and  in  1885  was 
elected  first  president  of  the  Senatorial 
Bar  association.  In  1885  he  was  appoint 
ed  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Dakota  territory. 


TRIPP.  HOWARD  C.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  4,  1861,  in 
Piano,  111.  He  has  filled  the  editorial 
chair  on  several  prominent  publications, 
and  is  now  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Times  of  Kingsley,  Iowa.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Legends  of  Lemars;  Ballad  Blos 
soms;  Around  the  Fireside  and  Other  Po 
ems;  and  other  works. 

TRIPP,  ROBERT  P.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Georgia.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Georgia  to 
the  thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  con 
gresses. 

TRIST,  NICHOLAS  PHILIP,  lawyer,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  June  2,  1800,  in  Char- 
lottesville,  Va.  He  was  first  clerk  in  the 
United  States  treasury  department  in  1828, 
private  secretary  to  President  Jackson 
in  1829,  and  United  States  consul  at  Ha 
vana  in  1834-36.  He  became  assistant  sec 
retary  of  state  in  1845,  and  in  1848  was 
sent  as  peace  commissioner  to  Mexico, 
where  he  negotiated  and  signed  the  treaty 
of  Guadalupe  Hidalgo.  In  1870  he  was 
appointed  postmaster  at  Alexandria,  Va. 
He  translated  a  treatise  on  Milch  Cows 
from  the  French  of  M.  F.  Guenon.  He 
died  Feb.  11,  1874,  in  Alexandria,  Va. 

TRITLE,  FREDERICK  A.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1833, 
in  Franklin  county,  Pa.  In  1859  he  emi 
grated  to  the  Pacific  coast,  settling  at 
Carson  City,  Nev.,  in  1860.  In  1863  he 
moved  to  Virginia  City,  Nev.,  and  became 
president  of  the  Belcher  Mining  company, 
which  position  he  filled  until  1868.  In 
1866  he  was  elected  state  senator  to  fill 
a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  for  a  full 
term  in  1868.  In  1881  he  removed  to 
Arizona;  and  in  1882  was  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  the  territory  of  Arizona  for  the 
term  of  four  years. 

TROOST,  GERARD,  mineralogist,  was 
born  March  15,  1776,  in  Holland.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  History  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.; 
and  its  first  president  in  1812-17.  From 
1827  until  his  death  he  was  professor  of 
chemistry,  mineralogy  and  geology  in  the 
university  of  Nashville.  He  died  Aug.  14, 
1850,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

TROTT,  NICHOLAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1663  in  England.  He 
was  a  Charleston  jurist,  very  eminent  in 
the  Carolinas  in  his  day;  and  the  author 
of  Laws  of  South  Carolina  (1734) ;  Clav- 
is  Linguse  Sanctse;  and  Laws  Relating  to 
the  Church  and  Clergy  in  America.  He 
died  in  1740  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

TROTTER,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1779,  in  Virginia.  He  became  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  Kentucky  volunteers  in 
1813,  and  led  a  brigade  from  his  state  with 
rank  of  brigadier-general,  at  the  battle  of 
the  Thames  in  1813.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1815, 
in  Lexington,  Ky. 

TROTTER,  JAMES  FISHER,  educator, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1802,  in 
Brunswick  county,  Va.  He  settled  in 
Hamilton,  Monroe  county,  Miss.,  in  1823, 
and  soon  established  a  reputation  as  a 
constitutional  lawyer.  After  serving  sev 
eral  terms  in  the  legislature,  he  was  chos 
en,  in  1837,  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court 
of  his  district,  and  in  1838  succeeded 
Judge  John  Black  in  the  United  States 
senate,  having  been  chosen  as  a  demo 
crat.  After  serving  from  February  to  De 
cember  of  that  year,  he  resigned  to  ac 
cept  a  seat  in  the  court  of  appeals  of 
Mississippi,  which  he  held  till  1840.  He 
then  resumed  his  profession,  and  was 
vice-chancellor  of  the  northern  district  of 
the  state  in  1855-57.  and  professor  of  law 
in  the  university  of  Mississippi  in  1860-62. 
He  died  March  9,  1866,  in  Holly  Springs, 
Miss. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


943 


TROTTER,  NEWBOLD  HOUGH,  artist, 
-was  born  Jan.  4,  1827,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  has  devoted  himself  principally 
to  painting  pictures  of  animal  life.  His 
more  important  works  of  this  class  in- 
•clude  They  Knew  not  the  Voice  of  Stran 
gers;  They  Only  Knew  the  Voice  of 
Strangers;  The  Range  of  the  Bison;  After 
the  Combat;  Grizzly  Bears;  The  Last 
Stand;  El-Mahdi;  and  In  the  Soudan. 

TROUBAT,  FRANCIS  JOSEPH,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1802  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia; 
and  the  author  of  Practice  in  Civil  Ac 
tions  in  Pennsylvania  Supreme  Court 
(with  W.  Haley);  The  Law  of  Limited 
Partnership  in  the  United  States;  and 
Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Partnerships.  He 
died  Oct.  8,  1868,  in  Paris,  France. 

TROUBETZKOY,  MRS.  AMELIE 
[RIVES]  [CHANLER],  author,  was  born 
in  1863  in  Virginia.  She  is  a  novelist 
whose  second  husband  is  a  Russian  prince. 
She  is  the  author  of  The  Quick  or  the 
Dead;  A  Brother  to  Dragons;  Virginia  of 
Virginia;  Barbara  Dering;  The  Witness 
of  the  Sun;  Athelwold,  a  tragedy;  and 
Herod  and  Marianne,  a  drama. 

TROUP,  GEORGE  McINTOSH,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1780,  on  the  Tom- 
bigbee  river,  Ga.  In 
1800  he  was  elected 
to  the  legislature  of 
Georgia;  and  was 
three  times  re-elect 
ed.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress 
from  Georgia  from 
1807  to  1835;  and  was 
a  United  States  sen 
ator  from  1816  to 
1818,  and  from  1829 
to  1834.  From  1823  to 
1827  he  was  govern 
or  of  Georgia.  He  died  May  3,  1856,  in 
Laurens  county,  Ga. 

TROUP,  ROBERT,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  author,  was  born  in 
1757  in  New  York  city.  He  was  appoint 
ed  by  congress  in  1778  secretary  of  the 
board  of  war;  in  1779  went  to  New  Jer 
sey,  and  completed  his  law  studies.  After 
the  close  of  the  war  he  became  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  of  New 
York,  and  held  that  office  many  years. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature. 
He  published  a  letter  on  the  lake  canal 
policy  of  New  York;  Vindication  of  the 
Claim  of  Elkanah  Watson;  and  Remarks 
on  Trinity  Chnrch  Bill.  He  died  Jan. 
14,  1832,  in  New  York  city. 

TROUSDALE,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  1790  in  Sumner  coun 
ty,  Tenn.  He  was  made  brevet  briga 
dier-general  in  1848,  for  gallant  and  meri 
torious  conduct  at  Chapultepec,  where 
he  was  severely  wounded.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Tennessee  from  1841  to  1851; 
and  was  minister  plenipotentiary  to  Brazil 
in  1853.  He  died  in  March,  1872,  in  Nash 
ville,  Tenn. 

TROUT,  MICHAEL  C.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1853  to  1855. 

TROUT,  PHILIP,  educator,  clergyman, 
was  born  April  5,  1852,  in  Clarke  county, 
Ohio.  For  seven  years  he  taught  in  the 
public  schools  of  Ohio,  and  for  two  years 
was  superintendent  of  the  Children's 
home  of  Springfield,  Ohio.  He  attend 
ed  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university  of  Dela 
ware,  and  since  1888  has  teen  a  clergy 
man  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church. 
He  has  served  important  charges  in  the 
Cincinnati  conference,  and  has  been  emi 
nently  successful  in  his  work. 


TROW,  JOHN  FOWLER,  printer,  was 
born  Jan.  29,  1810,  in  Andover,  Mass.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  to  introduce  electro- 
typing  into  the  printing  business,  and 
adopted  many  inventions  to  facilitate 
typesetting  and  the  manufacture  of  books. 
In  1855  he  published  a  specimen-book  of 
the  typographic  art,  for  which  the  uni 
versity  of  New  York  conferred  on  him  the 
title  of  university  printer.  He  died  Aug. 
8,  1886,  in  Orange,  N.  J. 

TROWBR1DGE,  CATHERINE  MARIA, 
author,  was  born  in  1818  in  Connecticut. 
She  is  a  writer  of  South  Manchester, 
Conn.,  who  has  made  many  contributions 
to  juvenile  literature,  a  few  among  them 
being,  Christian  Heroism;  Victory  at 
Last;  Will  and  Will  Not;  Snares  and 
Safeguards;  and  Changing  Paths. 

TROWBRIDGE,  EDMUND,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  1709  in  Newton,  Mass.  He  be 
came  attorney  general  of  Massachusetts  in 
1749;  and  was  elevated  to  the  supreme 
bench  of  Massachusetts  the  next  year.  He 
died  April  2,  1792,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

TROWBRIDGE,  MARY  ELIZABETH 
DAY,  journalist,  was  born  in  Michigan, 
the  daughter  of  the  Rev.  G.  B.  and  Eliza 
beth  Day,  who  set 
tled  in  Sturgis  in 
1836.  She  pursued  a 
course  of  study  in 
the  Kalamazoo  col 
lege,  and  studied  mu 
sic  in  New  York  city. 
She  taught  sciences 
and  music,  and  in 
1860  was  married  to 
Rev.  L.  H.  Trow- 
bridge.  In  1869  she 
was  called  to  the 
chair  of  music  of 
Kalamazoo  college,  which  position  she 
filled  for  four  years,  resigning  to  devote  her 
entire  time  to  literary  work  in  connection 
with  the  Christian  Herald,  of  which  pub 
lication  she  became  engaged  on  the  edi 
torial  staff  in  1870.  For  over  a  quarter  of 
a  century  she  has  been  actively  engaged 
in  journalism  on  the  Christian  Herald, 
side  by  side  with  her  husband.  Since 
1872  she  has  been  actively  identified  with 
the  interest  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science;  and  has 
served  as  examiner  of  schools  of  higher 
education.  She  has  prepared  papers  for 
public  meetings  of  the  state  board  of 
health,  and  is  the  author  of  several  bro 
chures  issued  by  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  society  of  Philadelphia,  no 
tably  The  Way  of  Light;  Pioneer  Days; 
Vacation  Notes;  and  a  series  of  Euro 
pean  letters. 

TROWBRIDGE,  JOHN,  physicist,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1843,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  physicist  of  note, 
professor  at  Harvard  university  from 
]880,  and  Rumford  professor  of  the  appli 
cation  of  science  to  the  useful  arts  there 
from  1888.  He  is  the  author  of  What  is 
Electricity?;  The  New  Physics;  Three 
Boys  on  an  Electrical  Boat;  and  The  Elec 
trical  Boy. 

TROWBRIDGE,  JOHN  TOWNSEND, 
author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1827,  in 
Ogden,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  popular  writer  of 
Arlington,  Mass.,  whose  work  in  verse 
and  prose  reaches  a  high  grade  of  excel 
lence.  His  novel,  Neighbor  Jackwood, 
when  first  issued  in  1857,  was  a  strong 
moral  agent  in  stimulating  anti-slavery 
sentiment.  His  other  fictions  include, 
Lucy  Arlyn;  Coupon  Bonds,  and  Other 
Stories;  Farnell's  Folly;  Neighbors' 
Wives;  Martin  Merrivale.  Among  his 
very  many  juvenile  tales  are,  Cudjo's 
Cave;  Three  Scouts;  The  Drummer  Boy; 
The  Prize  Cup;  The  Lottery  Ticket;  The 
Tide-Mill  Stories;  The  Toby  Trafford 


Series;  The  Little  Master;  Jack  Hazard 
Series.  His  published  volumes  of  verse 
include,  The  Vagabonds  (his  best  known 
poem),  and  Other  Poems;  The  Emigrant's 
Story,  and  Other  Poems;  A  Home  Idyl, 
and  Other  Poems;  The  Lost  Earl;  and 
The  Book  of  Gold,  and  Other  Poems.  At 
Sea  and  Midsummer  are  two  of  his  finest 
poems. 

TROWBRIDGE,  ROWLAND  E.,  agri 
culturist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  18,  1821,  in  Elmira,  N.  Y.  He 
was  elected  to  the  senate  of  Michigan  in 
1856  and  1858.  In  1860  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Michigan  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress;  and  was  also 
elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth 
congresses  as  a  republican.  He  died  April 
3,  1883,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

TROWBRIDGE,  WILLIAM  PETIT,  civ 
il  engineer,  scientist,  author,  was  born 
May  25,  1828,  in  Oakland  county,  Mich. 
He  was  an  engineer  and  scientist  in 
charge  of  the  engineering  department  of 
the  School  of  Mines,  Columbia  college,  in 
1877-92.  He  was  the  author  of  Steam 
Generator;  Heat  as  a  Source  of  Power; 
Turbine  Wheels;  and  Stationary  Steam 
Engines.  He  died  Aug.  12,  1892,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

TROXELL,  MILLARD  FRANCIS,  cler 
gyman,  lecturer,  journalist,  was  born  Oct. 
25,  1857,  in  Cumberland,  Md.  This  emi 
nent  pastor  of  the  Grace  Lutheran  church 
of  Springfield,  111.,  has  been  president  of 
two  lutheran  synods;  chaplain  of  the  state 
senate  of  the  Illinois  assembly;  and  for 
two  years  was  vice-president  of  the  Illi 
nois  Christian  Endeavor  union. 

TRUE,  CHARLES  KITTRIDGE.  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
14,  1809,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He  was  a 
methodist  clergyman  and  educator,  pro 
fessor  at  Wesleyan  university  in  1849-60; 
and  the  author  of  Elements  of  Logic; 
Shawmut,  or  the  Settlement  of  Boston; 
John  Winthrop  and  the  Great  Colony; 
Lives  of  Raleigh,  John  Knox,  John  Har 
vard,  Captain  John  Smith;  The  Thirty 
Years'  War;  and  Heroes  of  Holland.  He 
died  June  20,  1878,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

TRUE,  HENRY  CLAY,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1867,  in  Cross 
Plains,  Tenn.  He  is  one  of  the  leading 
lawyers  of  his  native  state  at  Springfield; 
during  1891-93  he  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  Tennessee  state 
legislature;  has  served  as  judge  of  the 
city  court;  and  is  prominent  in  public  af 
fairs. 

TRUE,  JOHN  PRESTON,  author,  was 
born  in  1859  in  Maine.  He  is  a  Boston 
writer;  and  the  author  of  Their  Club  and 
Ours,  a  popular  juvenile  tale;  and  Shoul 
der  Arms,  a  tale  of  life  in  a  military 
school. 

TRUELL,  EDWIN  M.,  soldier,  was  born 
Aug.  19,  1841,  in  Lowell,  Mass.  He  served 
as  a  union  soldier  for  three  years  during 
the  civil  war.  He  was  a  member  of  com 
pany  E,  twelfth  Wisconsin  volunteer  in 
fantry;  was  commissioned  first  lieuten 
ant  by  brevet,  and  received  congressional 
medal  of  honor  for  gallantry  in  action  at 
Atlanta,  Ga. 

TRUELSEN,  HENRY,  merchant,  pub 
lic  official,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1844,  in  Ger 
many.  In  1859  he  entered  the  grocery 
business,  and  continued  until  elected  sher 
iff  in  1886.  In  1869  he  moved  to  Duluth, 
Minn.,  from  the  copper  regions  of  Michi 
gan;  was  eight  years  alderman  of  the  city 
of  Duluth;  sheriff  of  St.  Louis  county  in 
1886-87;  president  of  the  board  of  pub 
lic  works  during  1891-93;  and  mayor  of 
the  city  of  Duluth  in  1896-98. 


944 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


TRUETT,  GEORGE,  governor,  was  born 
in  1756.  He  was  governor  of  Delaware 
from  1808  to  1811.  He  died  Oct.  8,  1818, 
in  Camden,  Del. 

TRUMAN,  BENJAMIN  CUMMINGS, 
governor,  author,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1835, 
in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  is  a  California 
writer,  military  governor  of  Tennessee 
(luring  the  civil  war;  and  the  author  of 
The  South  During  the  War;  Semi-Tropic 
al  California;  Occidental  Sketches;  Win 
ter  Resorts  of  California;  From  the  Cres 
cent  City  to  the  Golden  Gate;  Homes  and 
Happiness  in  the  Golden  Gate;  and  The 
Field  of  Honor. 

TRUMAN,  IRWIN  JOSEPH,  farmer, 
merchant,  banker,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1840, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  president 
of  the  Columbian  Banking  company  of 
San  Francisco,  Cal..  for  four  years.  He 
is  also  a  successful  farmer;  and  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state. 

TRUMBO,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1799,  in  Mont 
gomery  county  (now  Bath),  Ky.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  twenty-ninth  con 
gress;  and  was  one  o£  the  presidential 
electors  of  Kentucky  in  1848. 

TRUMBO,  DAVID  SARENCY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  farmer,  was  born  June  6,  1828, 
near  Owingsville,  Ky.  During  1853-57  h<- 
was  sheriff  of  his  native  county;  and  dur 
ing  1862-65  was  lieutenant  and  quarter 
master  of  the  twenty-fourth  regiment 
Kentucky  volunteers.  He  has  attained 
prominence  in  his  state  as  a  successful 
farmer  and  lawyer. 

TRUMBULL,  BENJAMIN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1735,  in  Hebron, 
Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man,  pastor  at  North  Haven,  Conn.,  for 
sixty  years;  and  the  author  of  Plea  in 
Vindication  of  the  Connecticut  Title  to  the 
Contested  (Western)  Lands;  Divine  Orig 
in  of  the  Holy  Scriptures;  General  His 
tory  of  the  United  States  (1810);  and  A 
Complete  History  of  Connecticut,  1630- 
1764.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1820,  in  North 
Haven,  Conn. 

TRUMBULL,  GURDON,  artist,  was  born 
May  5,  1841,  in  Stonington,  Conn.  He 
has  attained  eminence  as  one  of  the  fore 
most  artists  in  America. 

TRUMBULL,  HENRY  CLAY,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  June  8, 
1831,  in  Stonington,  Conn.  He  is  a  con 
gregational  clergyman  of  Philadelphia; 
editor  of  the  Sunday-School  Times;  and 
the  author  of  A  Model  Superintendent; 
The  Threshold  Covenant;  The  Knightly 
Soldier;  Kadesh-Barnea;  Teaching  and 
Teachers;  The  Blood  Covenant,  a  Primi 
tive  Rite;  The  Sunday-School,  its  Origin, 
Methods  and  Auxiliaries;  Children  in  the 
Temple;  Some  Army  Sermons;  The  Worth 
of  an  Historic  Consciousness;  Principles 
and  Practice;  Friendship  the  Master 
Passion;  and  Studies  in  Oriental  Social 
Life. 

TRUMBULL,  JAMES  HAMMOND,  phil 
ologist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1821,  In 
Stonington,  Conn.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Composition  of  Indian  Geographical 
Names;  Best  Method  of  Studying  the  In 
dian  Languages;  Indian  Names  of  Places; 
On  the  Algonkin  Verb;  The  True  Blue- 
Laws  of  Connecticut.  He  has  edited  The 
Colonial  Records  of  Connecticut;  and 
Roger  Williams's  Key  to  the  Languages 
of  North  America. 

TRUMBULL,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  24,  1750,  in  West- 
bury,  Conn.  He  was  a  noted  jurist  of 
Hartford,  famous  in  his  day  as  a  satirical 
poet.  With  Barlow  and  others  he  pub 
lished  The  Anarchiad,  a  series  of  satirical 


essays,  and  he  was  the  author  of  The 
Progress  of  Dulness;  but  MacFingal,  a 
Hudibrastic  poem,  the  first  canto  of 
which  appeared  in  1775,  is  his  best  title 
to  remembrance.  He  died  May  10,  1831, 
in  Detroit,  Mich. 

TRUMBULL.    JOHN,    artist,    was   born 
April  6,  1756,  in  Lebanon,  Conn.     He  was 
a  son  of  Jonathan  Trumbull,  colonial  gov 
ernor    of     Connecti 
cut.     His     Battle    of 
Bunker      Hill,      and 
Death  of    Montgom 
ery     before     Quebec, 
are       well       known 
through    engravings. 
Four  of  the    colossal 
pictures    in    the    ro 
tunda  of  the  capitol 
at  Washington,  viz., 
Surrender  of     Corn- 
wallis;     Resignation 
of  Washington;  Dec 
laration  of  Independence;   and  Surrender 
of   Burgoyne,  are  his.     He   died   in   1843 
in  New  York  city. 

TRUMBULL,  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
Oct.  12,  1710,  in  Lebanon,  Conn.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  as 
sembly  at  the  age  of 
twenty-three;  and 
was  chosen  lieuten 
ant-governor  in  3766, 
and  chief  justice  of 
the  superior  court. 
He  refused  to  take 
the  oath  enjoined  on 
royal  officers.  He 
was  made  governor 
from  1769  to  1783; 
and  was  the  only  co 
lonial  governor  who 
took  side  with  the  people.  He  was  a  whig 
leader  and  was  relied  on  by  Washington 
as  one  of  his  firm  supporters.  The  phrase 
sometimes  used  by  Washington,  Let  us 
see  what  Brother  Jonathan  says,  is  sup 
posed  to  have  originated  the  term  fre 
quently  applied  to  the  United  States.  He 
died  Aug.  17,  1785. 

TRUMBULL,  JONATHAN,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  governor,  was 
born  March  26,  1740,  in  Lebanon,  Conn. 
He  was  for  several  years  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  of  Connecticut,  and 
speaker  of  the  house.  He  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  in  1797,  1801  and  1805;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1789  to  1795.  He  was 
elected  speaker  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1791,  and  continued  in  that  sta 
tion  until  transferred  to  the  United  States 
senate  in  1795,  where  he  served  only  one 
year.  He  was  elected  lieutenant-governor 
of  Connecticut,  and  resigned  the  senator- 
ship;  and  in  1798  was  elected  governor. 
He  died  Aug.  7,  1809,  in  Lebanon,  Conn. 

TRUMBULL,  JOSEPH,  congressman, 
was  born  March  11,  1737,  in  Lebanon, 
Conn.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  conti 
nental  congress  in  1774  and  1775;  was  a 
commissioner  for  the  board  of  war  in 
1777;  and  was  commissary-general  in  the 
revolutionary  army  from  1775  to  1777.  He 
died  July  23,  1778,  in  Lebanon,  Conn. 

TRUMBULL,  JOSEPH,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1782,  in  Leb 
anon,  Conn.  He  was  president  of  the 
Hartford  bank  for  eleven  years;  served 
in  the  general  assembly  in  1832,  1848  and 
1851;  and  was  president  of  a  railroad  com 
pany.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Connecticut  in  1834  to  fill  a  va 
cancy,  and  from  1839  to  1843.  In  1849  he 
was  elected  governor  of  Connecticut.  He 
died  Aug.  4,  1861,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 


TRUMBULL,  LYMAN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  12,  1813,  in  Colchester,  Ohio.  He 
became  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
Illinois  in  1840;  was  secretary  of  the  state 
of  Illinois  in  1841  and  1842;  and  was  a 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Illinois 
from  1848  to  1853.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Illinois  to  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress;  and  was  elected  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  for  the  term  commencing 
in  1855  and  ending  in  1861.  He  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1867.  In 
1867  he  was  re-elected  to  the  senate  for 
the  term  ending  in  1873. 

TRUSLER,  NELSON,  lawyer,  was  born 
Dec.  11,  1823,  in  Franklin  county,  Ind.  He 
had  a  lucrative  practice  in  the  courts  of 

the  counties  of  Fay- 

ette,  Franklin,  Union 
and  Rush,  and  he 
soon  took  position  in 
the  front  rank  of  the 
bar.  While  thus  en 
gaged  in  the  practice 
of  law,  he  was  elect 
ed  as  representative 
to  the  general  assem 
bly  of  his  state,  after 
a  bitter  political  con 
test,  his  political  op 
ponent  being  the 
noted  baptist  preacher,  the  Rev.  Wilson 
W.  Thompson,  candidate  of  the  democrat 
ic  party  for  that  position. 

TRUXTON,  WILLIAM  TALBOT,  naval 
officer,  was  born  March  11,  1824,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  In  1841  he  entered  the  navy 
as  a  midshipman;  became  a  commodore 
in  1882;  and  was  promoted  to  rear  admiral 
by  seniority  in  1886.  He  died  Feb.  25, 
1887,  in  Norfolk,  Va. 

TRYON.  DWIGHT  WILLIAM,  artist, 
educator,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1849,  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  At  the  salon  of  1881  he  ex 
hibited  Harvest  Time 
TH  in  Normandy;  and 
I  On  the  Maas.  Among 
a  his  other  works  are 
A  New  England  Vil- 
•  :  lage;  A  November 
I  Day;  Evening  in  Au- 
i  tumn;  Evening  in  a 
1  New  England  Vil- 
I  lage;  Starlight;  and 
Night.  He  was 
awarded  gold  medals 
at  the  American  Art 
association  for  his 
Daybreak  in  1886,  and  Moonlight  in  1887. 
He  has  been  professor  of  art  at  Smith  col 
lege,  and  director  of  the  Hartford  school 
of  Arts  since  1885. 

TRYON,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  con- 
chologist,  author,  was  born  May  20,  1838, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  concholo- 
gist  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of 
I^and  and  Fresh-Water  Shells  of  North 
America;  Marine  Conchology;  Structural 
and  Systematic  Conchology;  and  Manual 
of  Conchology.  He  died  Feb.  5,  1888,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TRYON,  WILLIAM,  governor,  was  born 
about  1725  in  Ireland.  In  1764  he  was  ap 
pointed  lieutenant-governor  of  North 
Carolina;  and  in  1771  was  appointed  gov 
ernor  of  New  York.  He  died  Feb.  27, 
1788,  in  England. 

TUBMAN,  HARRIET,  abolitionist,  was 
born  in  1821  in  Cambridge,  Md.  She  was 
active  in  the  cause  of  emancipation. 

TUCK,  AMOS,  educator,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maine.  Removing  to  New 
Hampshire  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1847 
to  1853;  and  was  a  member  of  the  peace 
congress  of  1861. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


945 


9  A 


TUCKER,  BEVERLY,  journalist,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  identified  with 
the  newspaper  business  in  Washington; 
was  chosen  superintendent  of  public 
printing  in  1853;  and  during  the  rebellion 
participated  with  zeal  in  the  cause  of  the 
southern  states. 

TUCKER,  EBENEZER,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1758  in 
New  Jersey.  He  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1825  to  1829; 
and  also  held  the  offices  of  judge  of  the 
common  pleas,  justice  of  the  court  of 
quarter  sessions,  and  judge  of  the  or 
phans'  court.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1845,  in 
Tuckerton,  N.  J. 

TUCKER,  EPHRAIM,  genealogist,  was 
born  Oct.  14,  1821,  in  Oxford,  Mass.  He 
received  a  thorough  education  and  at- 

tended  the  Wesleyan 

academy  of  Wilbra- 
ham,  Mass.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  genea 
logical  work  on  the 
Tucker  family,  and 
has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  current 
literature  numerous 
articles  on  genealog 
ical  and  historical 
subjects,  which  have 
been  incorporated  in 
several  standard 

works.  He  still  contributes  to  many  of 
the  leading  newspapers  and  magazines  of 
the  United  States. 

TUCKER,  EUGENE  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  May  13,  1856,  in  Cortland,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Humboldt, 
Neb.;  and  has  been  police  judge,  city  at 
torney  and  county  attorney. 

TUCKER,  GEORGE,  educator,  state 
legislator,  author,  was  born  in  1775  in 
Bermuda.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Vir 
ginia  legislature;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Virginia  from  1819 
to  1845.  He  was  professor  of  moral  philos 
ophy  and  political  economy  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia.  He  was  the  author 
of  Life  of  Jefferson;  Political  History  of 
the  United  States;  Essays  Moral  and 
Philosophical;  Theory  of  Money  and 
Banks;  Essays  on  Subjects  of  Taste; 
Principles  of  Rent,  Wages  and  Profits; 
The  Valley  of  the  Shenandoah,  a  novel; 
and  A  Voyage  to  the  Moon,  a  satirical  ro 
mance.  He  died  April  10,  1861,  in  Sher 
wood,  Va. 

TUCKER,  GEORGE  FOX,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1852  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  Bedford,  Mass.; 
and  the  author  of  Manual  of  Wills;  Man 
ual  of  Business  Corporations;  Manual  of 
the  Constitution  of  Massachusetts,  the  In 
terpretation  of  Statutes,  Special  Writs, 
and  Motions  for  New  Trials;  The  Mon 
roe  Doctrine;  Notes  on  the  United  States 
Revised  Statutes;  A  Quaker  Home,  a  nov 
el;  Uncle  Calup's  Christmas  Dinner;  and 
Your  Will:  How  to  Make  it. 

TUCKER,  GIDEON  J.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  in  1827  in  New  York 
city.  In  1848  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  was  elected  secretary  of  the  state 
of  New  York  in  1857;  and  in  1866  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  as 
sembly  of  the  New  York  state  legisla 
ture.  During  1862-70  he  served  as  sur 
rogate  of  New  York  city  and  county. 

TUCKER,  HENRY  HOLCOMBE,  edu 
cator,  clergyman, 'journalist,  author,  was 
born  May  10,  1819,  in  Warren  county,  Ga. 
He  was  the  author  of  Religious  Liberty; 
The  Gospel  in  Enoch;  and  The  Old  The 
ology  Restated  in  Sermons.  The  Posi 
tion  of  Baptism  in  the  Christian  System  is 
a  noted  sermon  by  him. 

60 


TUCKER,  HENRY  ST.  GEORGE,  edu 
cator,  lawyer,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  29,  1780,  in  Williamsburg,  Va. 
He  was  at  one  time  president  of  the  court 
of  appeals;  and  was  also  professor  of  law 
in  the  university  of  Virginia.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Virginia 
from  1815  to  1819.  He  was  the  author  of 
Lectures  on  Natural  Law  and  Govern 
ment;  Lectures  on  Constitutional  Law; 
and  Commentaries  on  the  Law  of  Virgi 
nia.  He  died  Aug.  28,  1848,  in  Winchester, 
Va. 

TUCKER,  HENRY  ST.  GEORGE,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  in  1826  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  a  lieutenant-colonel  in 
the  confederate  army;  and  the  author  of 
Hansford,  a  Tale  of  Bacon's  Rebellion; 
and  The  Southern  Crop.  He  died  in  1863. 
TUCKER,  HENRY  ST.  GEORGE,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  April  5,  1853, 
in  Winchester,  Va.  Since  1876  he  has 
practiced  law  in 
Staunton,  Va.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first,  fifty-sec 
ond,  fifty-third  and 
fifty-fourth  congress 
es  as  a  democrat.  He 
was  the  author  of 
the  amendment  to 
the  constitution  pro 
viding  for  the  elec 
tion  of  United  States 
senators  by  the  peo 
ple,  which  passed  the 
house  in  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third 
congresses.  On  the  death  of  his  father, 
John  Randolph  Tucker,  he  was  elected  to 
fill  the  chair  of  constitutional  law  and 
equity  made  vacant  by  his  death  in  the 
Washington  and  Lee  university.  He  thus 
became  the  fourth  member  of  his  family, 
in  direct  lineal  succession,  who  has  oc 
cupied  that  position. 

TUCKER,  JOHN,  cabinet  officer.  He 
was  a  citizen  of  New  York;  and  held  the 
position  of  assistant  secretary  of  war  dur 
ing  a  part  of  the  rebellion,  receiving  the 
appointment  in  1862. 

TUCKER,  JOHN  RANDOLPH,  soldier, 
educator,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  24,  1823,  in  Winchester,  Va.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1852  and 
1856;  and  in  1857  was  elected  attorney- 
general  of  Virginia,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1859  and  1863.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
professor  of  equity  and  law  in  Washing 
ton  college.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Virginia  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses. 

TUCKER,  JOSEPH  T.,  soldier,  lawyer, 

legislator,    was    born    Aug.    31,    1833,    In 

Boston,  Mass.     He  was  educated  at  Yale 

_  ^^^^^          college.     During  the 

_^HMBAw.      war  ne  was  'n  the 

confederate  service 
as  lieutenant-colonel 
in  the  seventh  Ken 
tucky  cavalry,  John 
Morgan's  brigade; 
and  was  captured 
and  confined  in  sev 
eral  prisons.  He  has 
attained  success  as 
an  able  lawyer  of 
Winchester,  Ky.; 
has  been  prosecuting 

attorney;  city  attorney;  and  has  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  state  legislature  for  two  sessions. 
TUCKER,  JOSHUA  THOMAS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1812,  in 
Milton,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of 
The  Sinless  One,  a  life  of  Christ;  and 
Christ's  Infant  Kingdom.  He  died  in  1897. 


TUCKER,  MRS.  MARGARETTA 
[AMES],  poet.  She  is  a  verse- writer  of 
Boston;  and  the  author  of  For  My  Friend, 
a  collection  of  verses;  and  Driftwood, 
and  Other  Poems. 

TUCKER,  NATHANIEL  BEVERLY, 
educator,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  6,  1786,  in  Williamsburg,  Va.  He 
was  a  Virginia  jurist,  professor  of  law  at 
William  and  Mary  college  in  1834-51; 
and  the  author  of  The  Partisan  Leader; 
George  Balcombe,  a  novel;  and  Principles 
of  Pleading.  He  died  Aug.  26,  1851,  in 
Winchester,  Va. 

TUCKER,  NATHANIEL,  BEVERLEY, 
journalist,  was  born  June  8,  1820,  in  Win 
chester,  Va.  He  founded  the  Sentinel  in 
1853,  was  elected  printer  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  December  of  that  year; 
and  in  1857  was  appointed  consul  to  Liver 
pool,  remaining  till  1861.  He  died  July  4 
1890,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

TUCKER,  POMEROY.  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1802,  in  Palmyra, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  Canandaigua  journalist 
who  published  a  work  on  The  Origin  of 
Mormonism.  He  died  June  30  1870,  in 
Palmyra,  N.  Y. 

TUCKER,  MRS.  SARAH,  Quaker  preach 
er,  born  in  1779  in  Portsmouth,  R.  I.  She 
was  a  minister  of  the  Society  of  Friends 
for  thirty-seven  years.  Her  autobiography 
was  published  under  the  title  of  Memoirs 
of  the  Life  and  Religious  Experience  of 
Sarah  Tucker.  She  died  in  1840. 

TUCKER,  ST.  GEORGE,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  author,  was 
born  July  10,  1752,  in  Bermuda.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  legislature;  and 
was  one  of  the  committee  to  revise  the 
laws  of  Virginia.  He  was  a  professor  in 
William  and  Mary  college.  He  was  judge 
in  the  state  courts  nearly  fifty  years;  was 
a  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  from  1803 
to  1811;  and  was  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  in  1813.  He  was 
called  The  American  Blackstone.  He  was 
the  author  of  Letters  on  the  Alien  and 
Sedition  Laws;  The  Probationary  Odes  of 
Jonathan  Pindar,  a  collection  of  political 
satires;  and  an  annotated  Blackstone;  but 
is  known  to  general  literature  only  by  the 
lyric  beginning  Days  of  My  Youth,  ye 
have  Glided  Away.  He  died  Nov.  10,  1828, 
in  Warminster,  Va. 

TUCKER,  STARLING,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Halifax  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  the 
Laurens  district  of  South  Carolina  from 
1817  to  1831.  He  died  Feb.  4,  1834. 

TUCKER,  THOMAS  TUDOR,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1745  in  Bermuda.  He 
was  a  patriot  of  the  revolution;  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress  in 
1787  and  1788.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1789 
to  1793;  and  was  United  States  treasurer 
from  1794  to  his  death.  He  died  May  2, 
1828,  in  Washington. 

TUCKER,  TILGHMAN  M.,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  in  North  Caro 
lina.  He  was  governor  of  Mississippi  from 
1841  to  1843;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Mississippi  from  1841  to 
1845.  He  died  April  30,  1859,  in  Alabama. 
TUCKER,  WILLIS  GAYLORD,  educa 
tor,  journalist,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1849,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1881  he  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Albany  College  of  Phar 
macy,  and  became  professor  of  chemistry, 
in  addition  to  which,  since  1883,  he  has 
been  its  president.  He  was  appointed 
analyst  to  the  state  board  of  health  in 
1881;  and  he  has  been  registrar  of  the 
Albany  Medical  college  since  1882,  and 
secretary  of  its  Alumni  association  since 
its  organization  in  1874.  He  was  editor  of 
the  Albany  Medical  Annals  in  1882-87. 


946 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


TUCKER,  WILLIAM  JEWETT,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
July  12,  1839,  in  Griswold,  Conn.  He  was 
professor  in  Andover  Theological  semi 
nary  in  1879-93,  and  has  been  president  of 
Dartmouth  college  from  1893.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  New  Movement  in  Hu 
manity. 

TUCKERMAN,  ARTHUR  LYMAN, 
architect,  author,  was  born  in  1861  in  New 
York.  He  is  an  architect  of  New  York 
city,  superintendent  of  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  Art  schools  in  1888;  and  the  au 
thor  of  A  Short  History  of  Architecture. 
He  died  in  1892. 

TUCKERMAN,  BAYARD,  author,  was 
born  July  2,  1855,  in  New  York.  He  is  a 
writer  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  History  of  English  Prose  Fiction;  Life 
of  -Lafayette;  Life  of  William  Jay;  and 
Life  of  Peter  Stuyvesant. 

TUCKERMAN,  CHARLES  KEATING, 
diplomat,  author,  was  born  March  11,  1821, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  diplomat  who 
was  minister  to  Greece  in  1868-72,  and 
lived  in  Europe  subsequently.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Greeks  of  To-Day;  Poems; 
and  Personal  Recollections  of  Notable 
People.  He  died  in  1896. 

TUCKERMAN,  EDWARD,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1817,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  professor  of  botany  at 
Amherst  college  in  1858-86;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Genera  Lichenum;  Synopsis  of  the 
North  American  Lichens;  and  Catalogue 
of  Plants  Growing  Wild  within  Thirty 
Miles  of  Amherst.  He  died  March  15,  1886, 
in  Amherst,  Mass. 

TUCKERMAN,  FREDERICK  GOD- 
DARD,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  16. 
1821,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer 
and  writer  of  Boston  whose  only  pub 
lished  book  was  a  volume  of  poems.  He 
died  May  14,  1877,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

TUCKERMAN,  HENRY  THEODORE, 
author,  poet,  was  born  April  21,  1813,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  Much  of  his  life  was  spent 
abroad,  largely  in 
Italy,  his  intimate 
acquaintance  with 
Italian  affairs  ap 
pearing  in  his  ear 
liest  works,  The  Ital 
ian  Sketch  -  Book; 
and  Isabel,  or  Sicily, 
a  Pilgrimage,  repub- 
lished  as  Sicily  and 
Pilgrimage  (1852). 
His  subsequent  writ- 
ings  include 
Thoughts  on  the  Po 
ets;  The  Book  of  the  Artists;  Essays  Bi 
ographical  and  Critical;  Artist  Life;  Ram 
bles  and  Reveries;  Characteristics  of  Lit 
erature;  The  Criterion;  Maga  Papers 
about  Paris;  Leaves  from  the  Diary  of  a 
Dreamer;  Life  of  J.  P.  Kennedy;  Ameri 
ca  and  Her  Commentators;  The  Optimist, 
a  series  of  essays;  A  Sheaf  of  Verse;  Po 
ems;  Mental  Portraits;  and  The  Collect 
or,  a  volume  of  essays.  He  died  Dec.  17, 
1871,  in  New  York  city. 

TUCKERMAN,  JOSEPH,  clergyman, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1778,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  cler 
gyman,  minister  at  Chelsea,  Mass.,  in 
1801-28,  long  eminent  as  a  philanthropist. 
He  was  the  author  of  Gleams  of  Truth; 
and  Principles  and  Results  of  the  Ministry 
at  Large  in  Boston.  Elevation  of  the 
Poor  is  a  collection  of  his  most  important 
writings.  He  died  April  20,  1840,  in  Ha 
vana,  Cuba. 

TUCKERMAN,  STEPHEN  SALISBURY, 
artist,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1830,  in  Boston. 
Mass.  Since  1872  he  has  worked  chiefly 
abroad,  and  he  has  exhibited  in  London, 
Paris,  and  in  Holland,  as  well  as  in  his 


native  country.  He  is  noted  especially  for 
his  marine  views,  among  which  are  Beach 
at  Hastings;  U.  S.  Frigate  Constitution  Es 
caping  from  the  British  Fleet  in  1812, 
which  is  in  the  Boston  Museum  of  Fine 
Arts;  and  Dutch  Fishing-Boats  Beaching 
in  a  Gale. 

TUDOR,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  March  28,  1750,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  attached  to  General  Wash 
ington's  staff  in  1775-78  as  judge-advocate 
with  the  rank  of  colonel;  was  a  member 
of  both  houses  of  the  Massachusetts  leg 
islature;  and  in  1809-10  served  as  secre 
tary  of  state.  He  died  July  8,  1819,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

TUDOR,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  legisla 
tor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1779,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  legislature;  inaugurated 
the  ice  traffic  with  tropical  climes  in  1805; 
and  was  afterwards  engaged  in  other  com 
mercial  transactions  in  Europe.  In  1823 
he  was  appointed  consul  at  Lima,  Peru; 
and  in  1827  charge  d'affaires  to  Brazil. 
He  published  Letters  on  the  Eastern 
States;  Miscellanies;  Life  of  James  Otis; 
and  Gebel  Teir.  He  died  March  9,  1830,  in 
Rio  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

TUFTS,  ARTHUR  WEBSTER,  mer 
chant,  state  senator,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1828,  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  legislature 
in  1879,1880  and  1881, 
and  of  the  senate  in 
1882  and  1883.  In 
politics  he  was  origi 
nally  a  whig,  and  in 
1860  joined  the  re 
publican  party,  be 
coming  presidential 
elector  in  1884,  and, 
in  1888,  delegate  to 
the  Chicago  conven 
tion  which  nominat 
ed  Benjamin  Harrison.  In  1889  he  accepted 
appointment  to  the  governor's  council, 
serving  three  years.  He  was  director  in 
various  corporations,  including  the  Com 
monwealth  Insurance  company  of  Boston, 
and  the  Warren  Institution  for  Savings 
in  Charlestown,  and  was  president  of  the 
Institution  for  Savings  in  Roxbury. 

TUFTS,  CHARLES,  philanthropist,  was 
born  July  11,  1781,  in  Medford,  Mass.  He 
was  a  liberal  friend  of  education,  and  gave 
the  site  and  seventy  acres  of  land  to  found 
a  college  at  Milford  Hill,  near  Medford, 
Mass.  It  was  founded  in  1853,  and  was 
named  Tufts  college  in  his  honor.  He 
died  Dec.  24,  1876,  in  Somerville,  Mass. 

TUFTS,  COTTON,  physician,  was  born 
May  30,  1734,  in  Medford,  Mass.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  of  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  society,  of  which 
he  was  president  for  some  time.  He  died 
Dec.  8,  1815,  in  Weymouth,  Mass. 

TUFTS,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  May  5,  1689,  in  Medford,  Mass.  He 
published  Introduction  to  the  Singing  of 
Psalm-Tunes,  with  a  Collection  of  Tunes 
in  Three  Parts;  and  a  sermon.  Humble 
Call  to  Archippus.  He  died  in  August, 
1750,  in  Amesbury,  Mass. 

TUFTS,  JOHN  QUINCY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
July  12,  1840,  in  Aurora,  Ind.  He  held 
the  position  of  clerk,  trustee,  and  justice; 
and  was  elected  to  the  Iowa  legislature 
in  1869;  and  re-elected  in  1871  and  1873. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Iowa  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  as 
a  republican. 


TUFTS,  QUINCY,  philanthropist,  Was 
born  July  4,  1791,  in  Weymouth,  Mass. 
He  left  by  his  will  $10,000  to  Harvard  for 
the  education  of  indigent  students,  $2,000 
each  to  Amherst  college  and  Atkinson 
academy,  New  Hampshire,  for  a  like  pur 
pose;  $10,000  to  the  town  of  Weymouth 
for  a  free  library;  $10,000  to  the  Massachu 
setts  General  hospital  for  free  beds;  and 
about  $40,000  to  be  distributed  among  the 
charitable  institutions  of  the  city.  He  died 
April  18,  1872,  in  Weymouth,  Mass. 

TUGWELL.  A.  P..  journalist,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1860  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Sun 
of  Tacoma,  Wash.;  and  has  served  his 
state  as  judge. 

TULLY,  JOHN,  astrologer,  was  born 
Sept.  9,  1638,  in  England.  For  twenty 
years,  from  1681  till  the  time  of  his  death, 
he  was  engaged  in  compiling  almanacs, 
and  was  popularly  known  as  the  New 
England  astrologer.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1701, 
in  Middletown,  Conn. 

TULLY,  PLEASANT  B.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  bom  March  21,  1829,  in 
Pleasant  Exchange,  Tenn.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1861;  commenced 
practice  at  Gilroy,  Cal.;  and  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  1879.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  California  to  the  forty-eighth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

TULLY,  WILLIAM,  physician,  botanist, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1785, 
in  Saybrook,  Conn.  He  was  a  noted  New 
England  botanist  and  physician,  and  med 
ical  professor  at  Yale  university  in  1829- 
42.  He  was  the  author  of  Essays  upon 
Fever;  Matcria  Medica,  or  Pharmacology; 
and  Therapeutics.  He  died  Feb.  28,  1859, 
in  Springfield,  Mass. 

TUNIS,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1858  in  New  York.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman  of  Millbrook,  N.  J., 
but  prior  to  1892  in  the  Unitarian  ministry. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Faith  by  Which 
We  Stand.  He  died  in  1896. 

TUNNICLIFF,  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  public 
official,  was  born  March  17,  1841,  in  Penn 
Yan,  N.  Y.  In  1863  he  graduated  from  the 
Hamilton  college, 
Clinton,  N.  Y.,  and 
the  following  year 
from  the  Albany 
I  Law  school.  Since 
|pL-  I  1865  he  has  practiced 

1  law  in  Galesburg. 
111.;  was  five  times 
elected  state's  attor 
ney  of  Knox  county, 
and  held  the  office 
during  1872-92;  and 
in  1895  he  was  elect 
ed  mayor  of  the  city 
of  Galesburg.  While  he  held  the  office  of 
state's  attorney  he  prosecuted  many  im 
portant  criminal  cases,  and  convicted 
Frank  Rande  who  had  committed  mur 
ders  in  various  states;  and  nearly  all  of 
his  cases,  when  taken  to  the  supreme 
court,  were  generally  sustained,  and  many 
important  questions  in  criminal  practice 
settled. 

TUOMY.  MICHAEL,  geologist,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1808,  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  a  professor  of  geology  in 
the  university  of  Alabama  in  1847-57,  state 
geologist  of  South  Carolina  from  1844,  and 
of  Alabama  from  1848.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Geological  and  Agricultural  Sur 
vey  of  South  Carolina;  Report  on  the 
Geology  of  South  Carolina;  Fossils  of 
South  Carolina  (with  F.  Holmes);  and 
First  and  Second  Biennial  Reports  on  the 
Geology  of  Alabama.  He  died  March  30, 
1857,  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


947 


TUPPER,  BENJAMIN,  soldier,  jurist, 
was  born  in  August,  1738,  in  Stoughton, 
Mass.  He  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general  for  services  in  the  revolutionary 
war.  He  was  a  surveyor  of  Ohio  lands  in 
1785;  distinguished  himself  in  suppressing 
Shay's  insurrection;  and  became  a  judge 
of  Ohio  in  1788. 

TUPPER,  FREDERIC  ALLISON,  edu 
cator,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1860,  in 
Holliston,  Mass.  He  graduated  from  the 

Roxbury  Law  school 

and  from  Harvard 
college.  Since  grad 
uation  he  has  taught 
school  in  Worcester, 
New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.;  and  then  was 
principal  of  Arms 
academy  of  Shelburn 
Falls,  Mass.;  and  is 
now  in  Quincy.  He 
is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  en 
titled  Echoes  from 
Dreamland;  and  his  poems  and  sketches 
have  appeared  in  current  literature,  Poets 
of  America,  and  other  standard  works.  He 
is  also  a  brilliant  orator  and  has  delivered 
addresses  on  public  occasions. 

TUPPER,  HENRY  ALLEN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  29,  1828,  in  Char 
leston,  S.  C.  He  received  a  thorough  aca 
demic  education;  and 
attained  eminence  as 
a  successful  clergy 
man  of  the  baptist 
church.  He  was  pas 
tor  of  the  Washing 
ton,  Ga.,  Baptist 
church  during  1853- 
72;  was  secretary  of 
the  foreign  mission 
board  of  the  south 
ern  baptist  conven 
tion  during  1872-93; 
has  been  trustee  of 
several  colleges;  is  now  trustee  of  Rich 
mond  college;  and  president  and  trustee 
of  the  Woman's  college  of  Richmond,  Va. 
During  the  war  he  was  chaplain  of  the 
ninth  Georgia  regiment.  He  is  the  author 
of  Foreign  Missions  of  Southern  Baptist 
Convention;  A  Decade  of  Foreign  Mis 
sions;  Truth  in  Romance;  The  Carpen 
ter's  Son;  First  Century  of  First  Baptist 
Church  of  Richmond,  Va.;  First  Church 
of  South  Carolina;  American  Baptist 
Missions  in  Africa;  and  numerous  pam 
phlets;  and  contributed  to  current  litera 
ture.  In  1893  he  presented  a  paper  at  the 
World's  Congress  of  Religions  at  Chicago, 
on  African  Missions. 

TUPPER,  HENRY  MARTYN,  educator, 
missionary,  was  born  April  11,  1831,  in 
Monson,  Mass.  In  1859  he  graduated  from 
Amherst  college,  and  three  years  later 
from  the  Newton  Theological  seminary. 
He  served  in  the  union  army  during  the 
civil  war  chiefly  in  Virginia  and  Missis 
sippi,  fighting  many  battles  and  doing 
much  chaplain  work.  After  the  war  he 
became  a  missionary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Missionary  society;  began 
work  among  the  colored  people  at  Ral 
eigh,  N.  C.,  and  laid  the  basis  of  the  Shaw 
university. 

TURCHIN,  JOHN  BASIL,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1822,  in  Russia. 
He  was  a  Russian  soldier  who  came  to 
America  in  1856,  served  in  the  federal 
army  during  the  civil  war,  and  in  1873 
established  the  Polish  colony  of  Radon  in 
Illinois.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Cam 
paign  and  Battle  of  Chickamauga. 

TURELL,  EBENEZER,  clergyman,  was 
born  Feb.  5,  1702,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 


was  minister  of  Medford,  Mass.,  from  1724 
till  his  death.  He  collected  and  published 
poems  by  his  wife,  with  a  memoir  of  her. 
A  tract  of  his  on  Witchcraft  is  in  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Collections.  He 
died  Dec.  8,  1778,  in  Medford,  Mass. 

TURELL,  MRS.  JANE,  poet,  was  born 
Feb.  25,  1708,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  wrote 
eulogies  on  Sir  Richard  Blackmore's 
works,  and  on  The  Incomparable  Mr. 
Waller;  An  Invitation  into  the  Country 
in  Imitation  of  Horace;  and  some  prose 
articles.  Her  poems  were  collected  and 
published  by  her  husband,  with  a  memoir 
of  her  life.  She  died  March  26,  1735,  in 
Medford,  Mass. 

TURINI,  GIOVANNI,  sculptor,  was 
born  May  23,  1841,  in  Italy.  In  1867  he 
exhibited  a  group  of  statuary  entitled  An 
gelica  and  Medora  at  the  World's  fair  in 
Paris,  and  in  1882  he  made  a  bust  of  Leo 
XIII.  for  the  Vatican  in  Rome.  The  statue 
of  Garibaldi  erected  in  Washington  square 
by  the  Italians  of  New  York  city  was  de 
signed  by  him. 

TURNBULL,  CHARLES  NESBIT,  sol 
dier,  civil  engineer,  was  born  Aug.  14, 
1832,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  at  first  on  the  staff 
of  General  Benjamin  F.  Butler  and  in  the 
department  of  the  gulf,  after  which,  in 
1863-64,  he  was  with  the  army  of  the  Po 
tomac.  He  received  his  promotion  as  cap 
tain  of  topographical  engineers  in  1862, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  corps  of  engi 
neers  in  1863.  He  received  the  brevets  of 
major,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  colonel  for 
his  services,  and  after  the  war  served  on 
the  repairs  of  Fort  Hamilton.  He  died 
Dec.  2,  1874,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

TURNBULL,  LAURENCE,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1821,  in  Scot 
land.  He  is  an  eminent  physician  of  Bal 
timore;  and  the  author  of  Hints  and  Ob 
servations  on  Military  Hygiene;  Imper 
fect  Hearing;  Clinical  Manual  of  Diseases 
of  the  Ear;  Advantages  and  Disadvantages 
of  Artificial  Anaesthesia ;  and  The  Electro- 
Magnetic  Telegraph. 

TURNBULL,  NEEDHAM  S.,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  June  10,  1856,  in  Law- 
renceville,  Va.  This  eminent  lawyer  has 
been  judge  of  Brunswick  county;  and  in 
1892  became  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
state  legislature. 

TURNBULL,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1809,  in  Scotland. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of  Hartford 
in  1845-69;  and  the  author  of  The  Thea 
ter;  Olympia  Morata;  The  Genius  of  Scot 
land;  The  Genius  of  Italy;  Pulpit  Ora 
tors  of  France  and  Switzerland;  The  Stu 
dent  Preacher;  Theophany;  The  World 
We  Live  In;  Life  Pictures;  and  Christ 
in  History.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1877,  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 

TURNBULL,  ROBERT  JAMES,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  January,  1775,  in  New 
Smyrna,  Fla.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  po 
litical  writer  of  Charleston;  and  the  au 
thor  of  A  Visit  to  the  Philadelphia  Peni 
tentiary,  much  noticed  at  the  time  of  its 
appearance  in  1797;  The  Crisis,  a  work  on 
nullification;  and  The  Principle  of  Der 
nier  Ressort.  He  died  June  15,  1833,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

TURNBULL,  WILLIAM,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1800,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
From  1832  till  1843  he  was  superintending 
topographical  engineer  of  the  construction 
of  the  Potomac  aqueduct.  He  died  Dec. 
9,  1857,  in  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

TURNBULL,  WILLIAM  PATERSON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  June  20,  1830, 
in  Scotland.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  orni 


thologist;  and  the  author  of  Birds  of 
East  Lothian;  and  Birds  of  East  Penn 
sylvania  and  New  Jersey.  He  died  July  5, 
1871,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TURNER,  ALBERT,  educator,  journal 
ist,  was  born  July  22,  1842,  in  Fair  Ha 
ven,  N.  J.  He  is  now  the  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  Health  Culture,  published  in 
New  York  city. 

TURNER,  ALICE,  educator,  physician, 
writer,  was  born  March  13,  1859,  near 
Greencastle,  Iowa.  She  received  her  edu 
cation  at  the  Mitchell  seminary,  Simpson 
college,  Lincoln  university,  and  the  college 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Keokuk, 
Iowa.  She  has  attained  success  as  an  edu 
cator  and  physician  of  Colfax,  Iowa,  and 
is  the  wife  of  Dr.  Turner  of  that  city.  She 
was  the  founder  of  the  Colfax  library; 
has  been  health  officer;  and  has  contribu 
ted  valuable  papers  to  current  literature 
on  Hygiene,  and  other  topics. 

TURNER,  ARCHELAUS  EWING,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  was  born  April 
27,  1861,  near  Greenville,  111.  He  was 
professor  of  natural  sciences  in  the  Lin 
coln  university  for  four  years;  and  in  1888 
became  its  president. 

TURNER,  BENJAMIN  STERLING, 
merchant,  congressman,  was  born  March 
17,  1825,  in  Halifax  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-second  congress  as 
representative  from  Alabama  as  a  republi 
can. 

TURNER,  CHARLES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1750.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Massachusetts, 
serving  from  1809  to  1813;  and  was  at 
one  time  master  of  the  Marine  hospital 
at  Chelsea.  He  died  in  1816. 

TURNER,  CHARLES  H.,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  May  26,  1861,  in 
Wentworth,  N.  H.  He  moved  to  New 
York  in  1879;  engaged  in  the  ice  business 
in  New  York  city,  and  continued  therein 
till  he  became  a  candidate  in  1888  for 
state  senator.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

TURNER,  CHARLES  YARDLEY,  art 
ist,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1850,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  gained  the  Hallgarten  prize  by 
the  Courtship  of  Miles  Standish  in  1883; 
was  also  elected  an  associate  of  the  acad 
emy,  and  in  1886  was  made  an  acade 
mician.  His  works  in  oil  include  The 
Grand  Canal  at  Dordrecht;  The  Days  that 
are  No  More;  Afternoon  Tea;  Doro 
thy  Fox;  and  Preparing  for  Yearly  Meet 
ing. 

TURNER,  DANIEL,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1794  in  Richmond,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  commodore  of  the  Brazil  squadron  in 
1843-46;  and  during  1846-49  had  charge 
of  the  Portsmouth  navy  yard.  He  died 
Feb.  4,  1850,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TURNER,  DANIEL,  soldier,  educator, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  26,  1796,  in  Warren  county,  N.  C. 
In  1814  he  was  appointed  a  lieutenant  of 
artillery,  and  as  such  served  at  Brooklyn 
Heights  and  at  Plattsburg.  From  1819  to 
1823  he  served  in  the  legislature  of  North 
Carolina;  and  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  1827  to  1829.  He  subsequently  had 
charge  of  the  Warrenton  Female  semi 
nary.  He  died  July  21,  1860,  on  Mare  Is 
land,  Cal. 

TURNER,  DOUGLAS  KELLOGG,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1823,  in 
Stockbridge,  Mass.  In  1873  he  became  cor 
responding  secretary  and  librarian  of  the 
Presbyterian  Historical  society.  He  has 
published  The  History  of  the  Neshaminy 
Church  from  1726  to  1876. 


948 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


TURNER,  E.  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  May  24,  1825,  in  Putney,  Vt.  In  1853 
he  moved  to  Texas;  and  in  1866  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  district  attorney 
for  the  western  district  of  Texas.  He  be 
came  attorney-general  of  the  state  under 
the  reconstruction  acts;  and  in  1871  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  thirty-second  ju 
dicial  district  of  the  state,  serving  until 
1876.  He  was  then  elected  judge  of  the 
sixteenth  judicial  district,  and  resigned  in 
1880  to  accept  the  appointment  of  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  western  dis 
trict  of  Texas. 

TURNER,  MRS.  ELIZA  [SPROAT],  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1826  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  She  is  a  poet  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  the  author  of  Out-of-Door  Rhymes. 

TURNER,  ERASTUS  J.,  soldier,  law 
yer  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Dec.  26,  1846,  in  Lockport,  Pa.  He  en 
listed  in  company  E,  thirteenth  Iowa  ID 
fantry  in  1864,  and  remained  till  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  moved  to  Kansas  in  1879' 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture  in  1881,  and  re-elected  in  1883.  He 
was  elected  secretary  of  the  Kansas  board 
of  railroad  commissioners  in  1883.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress 
as  a  republican. 

TURNER,  FREDERICK  HUGH,  mer 
chant,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  31, 
1859  in  Rock  county,  Wis.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  merchant  of  Idaho  Falls,  Idaho; 
and  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  state 
senate. 

TURNER,  GEORGE,  soldier,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1750  in  England.  He  was  a  cap 
tain,  and  commanded  in  South  Carolina; 
and  was  distinguished  at  the  battles  in 
that  state.  He  was  commissioned  judge 
of  the  Northwest  territory  in  1789.  He 
died  March  16,  1843,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TURNER,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  25, 
1850,  in  Edina,  Mo.  He  was  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  for  the  territory 
of  Washington  from  1884  till  1886;  was  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention 
which  framed  the  constitution  for  the 
state  of  Washington;  and  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate  as  a  represen 
tative  of  the  people's  party. 

TURNER,  HENRY  G.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  March  20, 
1839,  in  Franklin  county,  N.  C.  He  en 
gaged  in  practice  at  Quitman.  Ga.;  and 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1872.  He  was 
three  times  elected  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Georgia  to  the  forty-sev 
enth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

TURNER,  HENRY  McNEAL,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1833,  in  New- 
berry,  S.  C.  He  is  a  bishop  of  the  African 
methodist  church;  and  the  author  of  a 
work  on  Methodist  Polity. 

TURNER,  JAMES.soldier, United  States 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1766, 
in  Southampton,  Va.  He  served  in  the 
revolution  as  a  private  soldier;  entered 
public  life  in  1800  as  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature  of  North  Carolina;  in  1802  was 
elected  governor  of  the  state;  and  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  North  Carolina 
from  1805  to  1816.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1824, 
in  Bloomsbury. 

TURNER,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1833 
to  1837. 


TURNER,    JOHN     ORMAN,     educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1850, 
in  Greene  county,  Ala.     He  received  his  . 
education     at     the 
Howard  college,  from 
which  institution  he 
received    the    degree 
of  A.  M.;   the  univer 
sity  of  Alabama;  and 
graduated    from    the 
State  Normal  college 
of  Troy  with  the  de 
gree    of  LL.    D.     He 
I   has  been  principal  of 
1   the  Springville  High 
school;    president  of 
the  Ashville  college; 

county  superintendent  of  education;  since 
1894  has  been  state  superintendent  of  edu 
cation  for  Alabama;  and  for  nearly  a 
quarter  of  a  century  Dr.  Turner  has  been 
engaged  in  practical  educational  work. 

TURNER,  JOHN  WESLEY,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  July  19,  1833,  in 
Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  promoted 
major-general  of  volunteers  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  service  on  several  occa 
sions  before  the  enemy,  and  brigadier- 
general  and  major-general  United  States 
army  for  services  in  the  field  during  the 
rebellion.  Since  1877  he  has  been  a  street 
commissioner  and  member  of  the  board  of 
public  works  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

TURNER,  OSCAR,  agriculturist,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  3,  1825,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  In  1851 
he  was  elected  commonwealth's  attorney 
for  Kentucky,  and  served  four  years.  In 
1867  he  was  elected  state  senator,  and 
served  four  years;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  and  forty-eighth 
congresses  as  an  independent  democrat. 

TURNER,  PETER,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Feb.  17,  1803,  in  Rhode  Island.  He 
was  placed  on  the  reserved  list  in  1855, 
and  was  on  waiting  orders  until  1861, 
when  he  was  commissioned  commander, 
and  was  governor  of  the  naval  asylum  at 
Philadelphia  during  the  civil  war.  He 
was  promoted  to  commodore  in  1862.  He 
died  Feb.  17,  1871,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TURNER,  SAMUEL  EPES,  author,  was 
born  in  1846  in  Maryland.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  Sketch  of  the  Germanic  Consti 
tution  from  Early  Times  to  the  Dissolu 
tion  of  the  Empire. 

TURNER,  SAMUEL  HULBEART,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
23,  1790,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  an 
episcopal  clergyman,  professor  in  the 
General  Theological  seminary  in  New 
York  city  in  1818-61,  and  best  known  by 
his  Commentaries  on  Hebrews,  Romans, 
Ephesians,  and  Galatians.  Other  works 
by  him  are,  Companion  to  the  Book  of 
Genesis;  Thoughts  on  Scripture  Prophecy; 
Comparing  Spiritual  Things  with  Spir 
itual;  and  Biographical  Notices  of  Jew 
ish  Rabbis.  He  died  Dec.  21,  1861,  in  New 
York  city. 

TURNER,  SMITH  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  21,  1842,  in  Warren  county,  Va.  He 
taught  mathematics  in  a  female  seminary 
at  Winchester,  Va.,  for  two  years  after 
the  war;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1869.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  legislature  in  1869-1872;  was 
for  a  number  of  years  prosecuting  attor 
ney  for  Warren  county,  and  is  still  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

TURNER,  THOMAS,  naval  officer,  was 
born  Dec.  23,  1808,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  served  in  the  United  States  navy  in  the 


civil  war  attaining  the  rank  of  rear-ad 
miral.  He  died  March  24,  1883,  in  Glen 
Mills,  Pa. 

TURNER,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  10, 
1821,  in  Richmond,  Ky.  He  was  com 
monwealth  attorney  from  1846  to  1849; 
and  was  a  representative  in  the  Kentucky 
state  legislature  from  1861  to  1863.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  forty-fifth  congress;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

TURNER,  THOMAS  G.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Rhode  Island  for  one 
year,  beginning  in  1859. 

TURNER,  THOMAS  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  5,  1815,  in  Trumbull  county,  Ohio. 
He  sealed  in  Freeport,  111.;  and  was  made 
justice  of  the  peace,  which  office  he  held 
for  several  years.  In  1842  he  was  elect 
ed  probate  justice  of  the  peace;  and  in 
1844  was  appointed  postmaster.  In  1845 
he  was  chosen  state's  attorney  for  the 
sixth  judicial  district;  and  in  1846  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  thirtieth 
congress.  In  1854  he  was  a  member  of 
the  lower  house  of  the  legislature,  and 
was  chosen,  speaker. 

TUHNER,  THOMAS  SLOSS,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  July  30,  1860,  in  Wood- 
burn,  Ky.  He  is  a  Texas  journalist  and 
poet;  and  the  author  of  Life's  Brevity, 
and  Other  Poems;  Heart  Melodies;  and 
A  Dream  of  Bachelors. 

TURNER,  TURNER,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  was  appointed  from 
Ohio  chief  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Nevada,  residing 
at  Carson  City. 

TURNER,  WILLIAM  F.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  removed 
to  Iowa,  from  which  state  he  was  appoint 
ed  chief  justice  of  the  United  States  court 
for  the  territory  of  Arizona. 

TURNEY,  HOPKINS  LACEY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1797,  in  Smith  county, 
Tenn.  From  1828  to  1838  he  served  in  the 
Tennessee  legislature;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Tennessee 
from  1837  to  1843.  He  served  in  the  senate 
of  the  United  States  from  1845  to  1851.  He 
died  Aug.  1,  1857,  in  Winchester,  Tenn. 

TURNEY,  JACOB,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1825, 
in  Greensburg,  Pa.  He  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  for  Westmoreland  county  in 
1850;  and  was  re-elected  in  1853,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  office  six  years.  He  was 
state  senator  in  1858-60;  and  speaker  of 
that  body  in  1859.  In  1874  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress. 

TURPIE,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  July  8,  1829,  in 
Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  He  was  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas  in  1854,  and 
was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  in  1856,  both 
of  which  offices  he  resigned.  In  1853  and 
also  in  1858  he  was  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature  of  Indiana;  and  in  1863  was  elect 
ed  a  senator  in  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of 
representatives  of  the  general  assembly  of 
Indiana  and  served  as  speaker  of  that 
body  in  1874-75.  In  1878  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  three  commissioners  to  revise 
the  laws  of  Indiana,  serving  three  years 
as  such.  In  1886  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  for  the  state  of 
Indiana  and  served  as  such  until  1887. 
He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
as  a  democrat  in  1887:  and  was  re-elected 
in  1893.  His  term  of  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1899. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


949 


TURPIN,  LOUIS  W.,  agriculturist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1849,  in  Al- 
bemarle,  Va.  He  was  elected  to  represent 
his  district  in  the  fifty-first  congress,  but 
was  unseated  to  pave  the  way  for  the  elec 
tions  bill;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress,  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  from  the  ninth  or 
Birmingham  district  as  a  democrat. 

TURRELL,  JOEL,  state  legislator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1795  in  Vermont. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  assembly 
from  Oswego  county  in  1831;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1833  to  1837.  He  died  Dec.  26,  1859, 
in  Oswego,  N.  Y. 

TUTHILL,  JOSEPH  H.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1811,  in 
Blooming  Grove,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  mer 
chant  for  thirty-five  years;  president  of 
the  Ellenville  Glass  works;  and  was 
clerk  of  Ulster  county  for  four  years.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Ulster  county  board 
of  supervisors  ten  years;  and  was  elect 
ed  from  New  York  to  the  forty-second 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

TUTHILL,  MRS.  LOUISA  CAROLINE 
[HUGGINS],  author,  was  born  July  6, 
1798,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  Among  her 
many  publications  are,  I  Will  Be  a  Gentle 
man;  I  Will  Be  a  Lady;  Tales  for  the 
Young;  True  Manliness;  I  Will  Be  a 
Sailor;  I  Will  Be  a  Soldier;  Onward, 
Right  Onward;  Romantic  Belinda;  and 
Ancient  Architecture.  She  died  June  1, 
1879,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

TUTHILL,  SELAH,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  seven 
teenth  congress.  He  died  in  December, 
1821. 

TUTTLE,  CHARLES  RICHARD,  au 
thor,  poet.  He  is  the  author  of  General 
History  of  Michigan;  Border  Wars  of 
Two  Centuries;  History  of  Indiana;  His 
tory  of  Canada;  History  of  Wisconsin; 
and  The  Boss  Devil  of  America. 

TUTTLE.  CHARLES  WESLEY,  astron 
omer,  author,  was  born  in  November,  1829. 
in  Newfield,  Maine.  His  leisure  was  de 
voted  to  historical  and  antiquarian  re 
search,  and  he  won  a  high  reputation  as 
an  origiifal  investigator.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  monograph  on  Capt.  John 
Mason,  the  Founder  of  New  Hampshire, 
edited,  with  historical  illustrations,  by 
John  Ward  Dean,  and  published  by  the 
Prince  society.  He  died  July  17,  1881.  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

TUTTLE,  DANIEL  SYLVESTER,  low 
er  bishop  of  Missouri,  was  born  Jan.  26, 
1837,  in  Windham.  N.  Y.  For  years  he 
has  been  active  in  the  discussion  of  the 
Mormon  question  in  Utah,  where  his  in 
fluence  has  been  very  great.  He  took  up 
his  residence  at  Salt  Lake  City  in  1869. 
•On  the  death  of  Bishop  Robertson,  of  Mis 
souri,  on  May  1,  1886,  he  consented  to  be 
translated  to  the  see  of  Missouri. 

TUTTLE,  DWIGHT  W.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1846,  in  Hamden, 
Conn.  He  has  been  prosecuting  attor 
ney  of  East  Haven,  Conn.  For  three 
terms  he  was  a  member  of  the  Connecti 
cut  house  of  representatives,  and  became 
a  membsr  of  the  state  senate  in  1897. 

TUTTLE,  MRS.  EMMA  [ROOD],  lec 
turer,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  21,  1839, 
in  Braceville,  Ohio.  She  is  a  lecturer 
and  poet  of  Berlin  Heights,  Ohio; 
and  the  author  of  Blossoms  of  Our 
Spring;  Gazelle;  From  Soul  to  Soul, 
Poems:  Stories  for  Our  Children;  and 
The  Lyceum  Guide. 

TUTTLE,  HERBERT,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  29,  1849,  in  Bennington,  Vt. 
He  was  a  professor  at  Cornell  university 


in  1881-94,  occupying  the  chair  of  mod 
ern  European  history  from  1891.  He  was 
the  author  of  The  History  of  Prussia;  and 
German  Political  Leaders.  He  died  in 
1894. 

TUTTLE,  HORACE  PARNELL,  astron 
omer,  inventor,  was  born  March  24,  1839, 
in  Newfield,  Maine.  In  1861  he  devised  a 
method  of  signaling  at  long  distances  by 
using  flashes  made  by  a  Drummond  light, 
to  correspond  with  the  dots  and  dashes 
of  the  Morse  telegraph  system.  He  dis 
covered  thirteen  comets  between  1857  and 
1866,  and  in  1861-62  the  asteroids  MaVa  and 
Clytie.  At  present  he  is  assistant  com 
puter  in  the  United  States  naval  observa 
tory. 

TUTTLE,  HUDSON,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  4,  1836,  in  Berlin  Heights,  Ohio.  He 
is  a  spiritual  medium  of  Berlin  Heights, 
Ohio;  and  the  author  of  Life  in  the 
Spheres;  Arcana  of  Nature;  Career  of  the 
God  Idea;  Career  of  the  Christ  Idea; 
Career  of  Religious  Ideas;  Origin  and  De 
velopment  of  Man;  Glair,  a  Tale;  Camile, 
or  Love  and  Labor;  Heloise;  and  Love  or 
Religion. 

TUTTLE,  JAMES  MADISON,  soldier, 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1823,  in  Summerfield, 
Ohio.  At  the  opening  of  the  civil  war  he 
joined  the  second  Iowa  regiment  as  a 
captain,  and  became  successively  lieuten 
ant-colonel  and  colonel.  For  his  Services 
in  these  battles  he  was  promoted  briga 
dier-general  in  1862.  He  died  Oct.  24,  1892, 
in  Casa  Grande,  Ariz. 

TUTTLE,  JOSEPH  FARRAND,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  March  12,  1818, 
in  Bloomfield,  N.  J.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman;  and  the  author  of  Life  of 
William  Tuttle;  The  Way  Lost  and 
Found;  and  Annals  of  Morris  County, 
N.  J. 

TUTTLE,  LUCIUS,  railroad  president, 
was  born  March  11,  1846,  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  Since  1893  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Boston  and  Maine  railroad. 

TTTTLE,  THOMAS  B.,  merchant,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1844,  in  Potter 
Center,  N.  Y.  This  successful  merchant 
of  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  legislature  during  1894-95. 

TWEED.  CHARLES  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  moved  to 
California;  and  in  1870  was  appointed  an 
associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  for 
the  territory  of  Arizona,  residing  at  Yuma. 

TWEED,  WILLIAM  M.,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  3,  1823,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
an  alderman  in  New  York  city  in  1852; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  thirty-third 
congress.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
board  of  education  In  1857;  and  was  a 
supervisor  of  New  York  county  in  1858. 
He  was  a  state  senator  in  1867.  He  died 
April  12,  1878,  in  New  York  city. 

TWEEDALE.  WILLIAM,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  May  IS,  1823,  in  Scotland.  At 
the  opening  of  the  civil  war  he  raised  a 
company  for  an  engineer  regiment,  and 
was  mustered  in  as  captain.  He  was  en 
gaged  in  the  engineering  operations 
against  New  Madrid,  which  resulted  in  its 
capture,  and  cut  a  passage  for  a  fleet  of 
transports  across  the  lower  end  of  Island 
No.  8. 

TWEEDY,  JOHN  H.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  first  constitutional  convention  of  Wis 
consin  territory  in  1846;  and  was  elected 
a  delegate  to  congress  from  the  same  in 
1847. 

TWEEDY,  SAMUEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1833  to  1835. 


TWIGGS,  DAVID  EMANUEL,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1790,  in  Richmond  county,  Ga. 
He  was  a  major  at  the  close  of  the  war 
of  1812,  and  was  retained  in  the  army. 
He  was  brevetted  major-general  after  the 
battle  of  Monterey,  and  for  his  gallantry 
there  he  received  a  gift  of  a  sword  from 
congress.  He  died  Sept.  15,  1862,  in  Au 
gusta,  Ga. 

TWINING,  NATHAN  CROOK,  soldier, 
educator,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1834,  in  Bos 
ton,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  Albion  academy,  Milton  college,  Wis 
consin,  and  holds  college  diplomas  of  A. 
B.  and  A.  M.  In  1864  he  was  a  captain 
in  the  United  States  army;  and  is  a  prom 
inent  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic.  He  has  been  a  superintendent 
of  public  instruction;  and  attained  suc 
cess  as  professor  of  ancient  languages,  lit 
erature  and  mathematics. 

TWISS,  STEPHEN  P.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  May  2,  1827,  in 
Charlton,  Mass.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  Massachusetts  state  legislature  in 
1857;  and  was  city  solicitor  of  Worcester 
in  1863  and  1864.  In  1865  he  moved  to 
Kansas  City,  Mo.;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature.  He  was  city 
counselor  in  1878-79;  and  in  1880  was  ap 
pointed  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Utah. 

TWITCHELL,  ALBERT  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1840,  in  Bethel, 
Maine.  He  received  a  thorough  education 
in  the  public  schools 
and  at  Gould's  acad 
emy  of  Bethel, 
Maine.  He  served 
with  distinction  in 
the  seventh  regiment 
Maine  light  battery 
as  quartermaster  ser 
geant  during  the  civ 
il  war;  and  is  now 
one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  New  Eng 
land  at  Gorham,  N. 
H.  He  has  been 
railroad  commissioner  for  New  Hamp 
shire;  president  of  the  New  Hampshire 
Veterans'  association;  judge  advocate, 
department,  New  Hampshire  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic;  United  States  consul  at 
Santiago  de  Cuba;  and  is  now  a  member 
of  the  school  board  of  Gorham,  and  pres 
ident  of  the  Savings  bank  of  that  city. 

TWITCHELL,  DANIEL  S.,  lawyer,  pub 
lic  official,  was  born  April  11,  1834,  in  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.  He  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation  and  attended 
the  Michigan  univer 
sity.  He  has  been 
recorder  of  his  na 
tive  city;  circuit 
court  commissioner 
of  his  native  county; 
and  is  now  one  of 
the  leading  lawyers 
of  Missouri,  at  Kan 
sas  City,  where  he 
was  city  counselor 
during  1881-83.  In 
1889  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  upper 
house  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  and  in  1890 
was  a  candidate  for  congress.  He  is 
president  of  the  Early  Settlers  and  His 
torical  society  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  municipal  affairs. 
TWITCHELL,  EDGAR  A.,  journalist, 
lawyer,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
1,  1854,  in  Bethel,  Vt.  In  1877  he  grad 
uated  from  Dartmouth  college;  and  is  now 
the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Emancipator, 
of  St.  Cloud,  Minn.  He  is  also  a  success 
ful  lawyer  and  lecturer;  and  the  author 
of  several  works. 


950 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


TWITCHELL,  GINERY,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  26,  1811,  in  Athol,  Mass. 
In  1866  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
first  and  forty-second  congresses  as  a  re 
publican.  He  died  July  23,  1883,  in  Brook- 
line,  Mass. 

TWITCHELL,  JOSEPH  HOPKINS, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  183 — ,  in 
Connecticut.  He  is  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  of  Hartford  from  1865;  and  the 
author  of  Life  of  John  Winthrop;  and 
Some  Old  Puritan  Love  Letters. 

TVDINGS,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  16,  1783,  in  Anne 
Arundel  county,  Md.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Louisville  conference  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  wrote  a  work  on  Apos 
tolical  Succession.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1865, 
in  Bullitt  county,  Ky. 

TYLER,  ASHER,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  May  10,  1798,  in  Bridgewater,  N. 
Y.  He  was  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  twenty-eighth  congress.  He 
subsequently  settled  in  Elmira,  where  he 
was  extensively  identified  with  railway 
operations.  He  died  in  August,  1875,  in 
Elmira,  N.  Y. 

TYLER,  BENNET,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  10,  1783,  In  Middlebury, 
Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man;  president  of  Dartmouth  college  in 
1822-28;  and  subsequently  minister  at 
Portland,  Maine.  He  was  the  author  of 
History  of  New  Haven  Theology;  The 
Sufferings  of  Christ;  New  England  Revi 
vals;  and  Lectures  on  Christian  Nurture. 
He  died  May  14,  1858,  in  South  Windsor, 
Conn. 

TYLER,  CHARLES  HUMPHREY,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1826,  in  Virginia.  He 
entered  the  confederate  service;  became  a 
brigadier-general;  and  was  killed  in  bat 
tle  at  West  Point,  Ga.  He  died  April  17, 
1865,  in  West  Point,  Ga. 

TYLER,  CHARLES  MELLEN,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1832,  in  Maine. 
He  is  a  professor  of  the  history  and  phil 
osophy  of  religion  at  Cornell  university 
from  1891;  and  the  author  of  Bases  of  Re 
ligious  Belief,  Historic  and  Ideal. 

TYLER,  D.  GARDINER,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1846, 
in  East  Hampton,  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 
He  was  director  on  board  of  state  lunatic 
asylum  at  Williamsburg,  Va.,  from  1884 
to  1887;  was  visitor  of  William  and  Mary 
colleg'c;  and  was  presidential  elector  in 
1888  on  the  democratic  ticket.  He  was 
elected  in  1891  to  the  state  senate;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third;  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress. 

TYLER,  DANIEL,  soldier,  civil  engi 
neer,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1799,  in  Brooklyn, 
Conn.  He  became  colonel  of  the  first  reg 
iment,  Connecticut  volunteers;  was  pro 
moted  to  brigadier-general;  and  com 
manded  at  Harper's  Ferry  when  the  con 
federate  army  invaded  Pennsylvania. 

TYLER,  ERASTUS  B.,  soldier,  was 
born  April  24.  1822,  in  West  Bloomfield, 
N.  Y.  He  was  commissioned  colonel  of 
the  seventh  Ohio  volunteers  in  1861;  and 
in  1862  was  made  brigadier-general.  He 
died  Jan.  9,  1891,  in  Calverton,  Md. 

TYLER,  JAMES  M.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  27, 1835,  in  Wilming 
ton,  Vt.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Vermont  legislature  in  1863  and  1864; 
state's  attorney  in  1866  and  1867;  and  be 
came  a  trustee  in  the  state  insane  asylum 
in  1875.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Vermont  to  the  forty-sixth  and  for 
ty-seventh  congresses  as  a  republican. 

TYLER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  Jurist,  was  born 
in  Virginia.  In  1811  he  was  appointed  a 


judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
for  the  district  of  Virginia. 

TYLER,  JOHN,  tenth  president  of  the 
United  States,  was  born  March  29,  1790, 
in  Williamsburg,  Va.,  and  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  grad 
uated  at  William  and 
Mary  college.  At  the 
age  of  nineteen  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  and  at  the  age 
of  twenty-one  (1811) 
he  was  elected  to  the 
Virginia  legislature; 
and  held  the  office 
five  successive  years. 
In  1813  he  married 
Miss  Lucretia  Chris 
tian.  She  died  in 
1842;  and  in  1844  he  married  Miss  Julia 
Gardiner.  In  1816  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress;  and  served  two 
terms.  In  1823  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature;  and  in  1825  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Virginia.  He  was 
elected  United  States  senator  in  1827;  and 
re-elected  in  1833,  but  resigned  his  seat 
in  1836.  In  1838  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  state  legislature;  and  in  1840  was 
elected  vice-president  of  the  United  States. 
Upon  the  death  of  President  Harrison,  in 
accordance  with  Article  III.  of  the  con 
stitution,  he  became  president  of  the 
United  States.  Mr.  Tyler  was  at  his  res 
idence  in  Virginia  when  Mr.  Harrison 
died  (April  4),  but  reached  Washington 
and  took  the  oath  of  office  April  6,  1841. 
At  the  close  of  his  official  term  (March 
4,  1845)  he  retired  to  his  estate  near 
Williamsburg,.  and  died  Jan.  17,  1862.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  secession  congress 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  Tyler  held  office 
twenty-seven  years.  He  died  rich. 

TYLER,  JOHN  MASON,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  18 — .  He  is  a  professor 
of  biology  at  Amherst  college;  and  the 
author  of  The  Whence  and  the  Whither 
of  Man. 

TYLER,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  18 — .  He  was  a  congregation 
al  missionary  in  South  Africa  for  forty 
years;  for  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life 
a  resident  of  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  He  was 
the  author  of  Forty  Years  Among  the 
Zulus.  He  died  in  1895. 

TYLER,  LYON  GARDINER,  author, 
was  born  August,  1853,  in  Charles  City 
county,  Va.  He  has  been  president  of 
William  and  Mary  college  since  1888;  and 
is  the  author  of  The  Letters  and  Times  of 
The  Tylers;  and  Parties  and  Patronage  in 
the  United  States. 

TYLER,  MOSES  COIT,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.' 2,  1835,  in  Griswold, 
Conn.  He  is  a  professor  of  American 
history  at  Cornell  university  from  1881. 
From  1860  to  1881  he  was  a  member-  of 
the  congregational  ministry,  but  in  the 
latter  year  took  orders  in  the  episcopal 
church.  He  is  best  known  by  an  admira 
ble  History  of  American  Literature  Dur 
ing  the  Colonial  Period,  1606-1765,  which 
is  as  readable  as  it  is  scholarly,  the  style 
being  both  vigorous  and  original.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Brawnville  Papers;  Life 
of  Patrick  Henry;  Three  Men  of  Letters 
(Berkeley,  Dwight,  Joel  Barlow);  The 
Literary  History  of  the  American  Revo 
lution;  and  Manual  of  English  Literature. 

TYLER,  RANSOM  HEBBARD,  lawyer, 
banker,  author,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1813,  in 
Leyden,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  bank 
president  of  Fulton,  N.  Y. ;  and  the  author 
of  The  Bible  and  Social  Reform;  Ameri 
can  Ecclesiastical  Law;  Commentaries  on 
the  Law  of  Infancy  and  Covertures; 
Ejectment  and  Adverse  Enjoyment; 
Usury;  Pawns  and  Loans;  Fixtures;  and 


Boundaries,  Fences,  and  Window  Lights. 
He  died  Nov.  27,  1881,  in  Fulton,  N.  Y. 

TYLER,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1818,  in  New  Kent 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Phila 
delphia;  and  after  the  civil  war  a  journ 
alist  in  Montgomery,  Ala.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Ahasuerus,  a  Poem;  Death,  a 
Poem;  and  Is  Virginia  a  Repudiating 
State?  He  died  Dec.  3,  1877,  in  Mont 
gomery,  Ala. 

TYLER,  ROBERT  OGDEN,  soldier,  was 
born  Dec.  22,  1831,  in  Greene  county,  N. 
Y.  He  served  with  distinction  in  the  civ 
il  war;  and  attained  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general.  He  died  Dec.  1,  1874,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

TYLER,  ROYALL,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  18,  1757,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Vermont  jurist;  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  his  state 
from  1800;  and  the  author  of  Reports  of 
Vermont  Supreme  Court  Cases;  The  Con 
trast,  a  brilliant  comedy,  the  first  Ameri 
can  play  acted  by  regular  comedians,  and 
the  earliest  in  which  Yankee  dialect  is 
employed;  May  Day,  a  comedy;  The  Geor 
gia  Speculator,  or  Land  in  the  Moon; 
The  Algerine  Captive;  Moral  Tales  for 
American  Youths;  and  The  Yankey  in 
London.  He  died  Aug.  16,  1826,  in  Brat- 
tleooro,  Vt. 

TYLER,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1809,  in  Prince 
George  county,  Md.  He  was  a  jurist  of 
Frederick,  Md.;  and  the  author  of  The 
Progress  of  Philosophy;  Discourse  on 
the  Baconian  Philosophy;  Burns  as  a 
Poet  and  as  a  Man;  Memoir  of  Chief  Jus 
tice  Taney;  and  Commentary  on  the  Law 
of  Partnership.  He  died  Dec.  15,  1878,  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C. 

TYLER,  W.  D.,  railroad  president,  was 
born  Jan.  12,  1849,  in  Port  Huron,  Mich. 
Since  1892  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Washington  and  Columbia  River  railway, 
at  Walla  Walla,  Wash. 

TYLER,  WILLIAM,  Roman  catholic 
bishop,  was  born  June  5,  1806,  in  Derby, 
Vt.  In  1843  the  new  diocese  of  Hartford 
was  created,  and  Father  Tyler  was  conse 
crated  its  first  bishop.  He  was  conse 
crated  on  March  17,  1844,  and  went  to 
Providence,  R.  I.,  which  he  made  his 
episcopal  residence.  He  died  June  18, 
1849,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

TYLER,  WILLIAM  SEYMOUR,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  2, 
1810,  in  Hartford,  Pa.  He  is  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  and  educator;  professor 
at  Amherst  college  from  1836;  and  now 
professor  emeritus  of  the  Greek  language 
and  literature.  He  is  the  author  of  Prayer 
for  Colleges;  Theology  of  the  Greek  Poets; 
editions  of  Tacitus  and  the  Iliad  of  Ho 
mer;  and  History  of  Amherst  College. 

TYLOR,  WILSON  MOORE,  educator, 
journalist,  was  born  June  2,  1856,  near 
Denton,  Md.  Since  1885  he  has  been  the 
editor  and  proprietor  of  The  Gazette,  of 
Easton,  Md. 

TYNER,  JAMES  NOBLE,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Jan.  17,  1826,  in  Brookville,  Ind.  He  was 
secretary  of  the  Indiana  senate  for  four 
sessions  from  1857;  and  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1860.  He  was  a  special  agent 
of  the  postofflce  department  from  1861  to 
1866;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-first, 
forty-second  and  forty-third  congresses. 
Immediately  after  leaving  congress  he  was 
appointed  governor  of  Colorado.  In  1875 
he  was  appointed  second  assistant  post 
master-general,  which  position  he  held 
until  1876,  when  he  was  promoted  to  the 
post  of  first  assistant  postmaster-general, 
continuing  in  office  until  1881.  During 
1889-93  he  was  law  adviser  of  the  post 
offlce  department. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


951 


TYNG,  DUDLEY  ATKINS,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1825, 
in  Prince  George  county,  Md.  He  was 
known  as  a  lecturer  on  religious  and  sec 
ular  subjects.  He  was  the  author  of  Vi 
tal  Truth  and  Deadly  Error;  God  in  Our 
Dwelling;  and  'Our  Country's  Troubles. 
He  died  April  19,  1858,  in  Brookfield,  Pa. 

TYNG,  EDWARD,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  1683,  in  Massachusetts.  He  com 
manded  the  frigate  Massachusetts  in  the 
expedition  against  Cape  Breton  in  1745; 
and  was  made  commodore  of  the  provin 
cial  fleet.  He  died  Sept.  8,  1755,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

TYNG,  STEPHEN  HIGGINSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  1, 1800,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  an  episco 
pal  clergyman  of  New  York  city;  rector 
of  St.  George's  church  in  1844-85;  and 
long  prominent  among  low  churchmen. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Christian  Pas 
tor;  Family  Commentary  on  the  Gospels; 
Lectures  on  the  Law  and  the  Gospel;  The 
Israel  of  God;  Christ  is  All;  The  Rich 
Kinsman,  the  history  of  Ruth;  The 
Prayer  Book  Illustrated  by  Scripture; 
The  Captive  Orphan;  Esther  the  Queen  of 
Persia;  and  Forty  Years'  Experience  in 
Sunday  Schools.  He  died  Sept.  4,  1885,  in 
Irvington,  N.  Y. 

TYNG,  STEPHEN  HIGGINSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  28,  1839,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  an  episcopal 
clergyman  of  New  York  city;  for  a  num 
ber  of  years  subsequent  to  1881  the  man 
ager  of  an  insurance  company  in  Paris. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Square  of  Life; 
He  Will  Come;  and  Our  Church  Work. 

TYSON,  JACOB,  state  senator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1823  to 
1825;  and  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
senate  from  Richmond  county  in  1828. 

TYSON,  'JAMES,  physician,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1841,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  physi 
cian,  and  medical  professor  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  from  1870.  He 
is  the  author  of  Manual  of  Physical  Diag 
nosis;  The  Cell  Doctrine;  Introduction  to 
Practical  Histology;  Practical  Examina 
tion  of  the  Urine;  and  Treatise  on 
Bright's  Disease. 

TYSON,  JOB  R.,  lawyer,  legislator,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1803, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  frequently  served 
in  the  city  councils  of  Philadelphia;  and 
was  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  thirty-fourth  congress.  He  also 
served  in  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  through  his  exertions  the  archives 
of  that  state  were  first  published.  He 
was  the  author  of  Essay  on  the  Penal 
Laws  oi  Pennsylvania;  The  Lottery  Sys 
tem  of  the  United  States;  Social  and  In 
tellectual  State  of  Pennsylvania  prior  to 
1743;  and  Resources  and  Commerce  of 
Philadelphia.  He  died  June  27,  1858,  in 
Woodlawn  Hall,  Pa. 

TYSON,  PHILIP  THOMAS,  chemist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  23,  1799,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  published  Geology  and  Indus 
trial  Resources  of  California.  In  1856  he 
was  appointed  state  agricultural  chemist, 
which  place  he  held  until  1860.  He  was 
first  president  of  the  Maryland  academy 
of  sciences  and  contributed  papers  to  its 
proceedings.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1877,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

TYTLER,  JAMES,  compiler,  author, 
was  born  in  1747,  in  Scotland.  He  was  the 
author  and  compiler  of  three-fourths  of 
Elliot's  Encyclopedia  Britannica;  and 
several  works  in  Scotch  dialect.  He  died 
in  1805,  near  Salem,  Mass. 


UDALL,  DAVID  KING,  farmer,  was 
born  Sept.  7,  1851,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He 
is  a  successful  farmer  of  Springerville, 
Ariz.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Nephi,  Utah;  has  been 
bishop  of  a  ward;  and  president  of  a  stake 
in  the  church  of  the  Latter-Day  Saints. 

UDREE,  DANIEL,  manufacturer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia.  He  removed  to  Berks  county, 
Pa.,  where  he  entered  largely  in  the  man 
ufacture  of  iron.  He  was  in  the  state  legis 
lature  from  1799  to  1805.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1813  to  1815,  from  1819  to  1821,  and 
from  1823  to  1825,  to  fill  vacancies.  He 
died  July  22,  1828. 

UHLE,  ALBRECHT  BERNHARD,  ar 
tist,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1847,  in  Saxony.  He 
is  the  instructor  of  the  portrait  class  at 
the  Pennsylvania  academy,  and  has  be 
come  known  as  an  excellent  artist.  Among 
his  portraits  are  those  of  Isaac  Lea  and 
Peter  McCall;  Joseph  Leidy,  painted  for 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences;  Wayne 
McVeagh,  for  the  department  of  justice, 
Washington;  and  John  D.  Lankenau,  for 
the  German  hospital,  Philadelphia. 

UHLER,  PHILIP  REESE,  naturalist,  li 
brarian,  author,  was  born  June  3,  1835, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1876  he  became  an 
associate  in  natural  sciences  at  Johns 
Hopkins  university.  He  is  also  librarian 
of  the  Peabody  institute  in  that  city.  He 
translated  and  edited,  with  a  glossary,  Dr. 
Hermann  A.  Hagen's  Synopsis  of  Neurop- 
tera  of  North  America. 

ULAND,  LARS  A.,  farmer,  legislator, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1855,  in  Vernon  county, 
Wis.  He  settled  in  North  Dakota  in  1887, 
and  shortly  afterward  became  an  active 
member  of  the  Farmers'  Alliance.  In  1889 
he  was  elected  a  representative  to  the 
North  Dakota  legislature;  was  again 
elected  in  1892;  and  in  1894  received  the 
nomination  from  the  populist  party  for 
lieutenant-governor. 

ULLMANN,  DANIEL,  soldier,  was  born 
April  28,  1810,  in  Wilmington,  Del.  In 
1861  he  raised  the  seventy-eighth  regi 
ment  New  York  volunteers;  served  as  col 
onel;  was  promoted  brigadier  general  in 
1863;  and  became  major-general  in  1865. 
He  died  Sept.  20,  1892,  in  Nyack,  N.  Y. 

ULRICH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1857,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1882  he  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  legislature;  and  was  judge  of  the 
city  court  of  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

UNANGST,  ELIAS,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1824,  in  Lehigh  Valley, 
Pa.  In  1857  he  was  ordained  to  the  lu- 
theran  ministry.  He  is  at  the  head  of  the 
mission  stations  of  the  general  synod.  He 
has  rendered  important  service  in  the 
translation  of  the  New  Testament  into 
the  language  of  the  Telugus,  has  also 
translated  various  tracts  and  hymns  into 
the  same  language,  and  published  a  His 
torical  Sketch  of  the  American  Evangel 
ical  Lutheran  Missions  in  India. 

UNDERHILL,  EDWARD  FITCH,  sten 
ographer,  lawyer,  author,  poet,  was  born 
April  20,  1830,  in  Wolcott,  N.  Y.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  court  reporters  in  the 
United  States;  and  in  1860  procured  the 
passage  of  a  law  that  made  stenographers 
officers  of  the  courts  in  New  York  city, 
which. practice  has  since  been  adopted  by 
the  county  courts  and  by  nearly  every 
state  in  the  union.  He  has  been  official 
stenographer  of  the  legislature  for  five 
years,  of  the  constitutional  convention 
in  1867-68,  of  the  state  supreme  court  for 
eight  years,  and  of  the  surrogate's  court 
from  1872  till  the  present  time. 


UNDERHILL,  WALTER,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1851. 

UNDERWOOD,  ADIN  BALLOU,  sol 
dier,  was  born  May  19,  1828,  in  Milford, 
Mass.  In  1861  he  was  captain  of  the  sec 
ond  regiment  Massachusetts  infantry; 
•and  in  1865  was  brevetted  major-general. 

UNDERWOOD,  BENJAMIN  FRANK 
LIN,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1839. 
He  was  formerly  the  editor  of  The  Index 
in  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Influence 
of  Christianity  upon  Civilization;  and 
Essays  and  Lectures. 

UNDERWOOD,  FRANCIS  HENRY,  dip 
lomat,  author,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1825,  in 
Ehfleld,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  writer; 
and  the  organizer  of  the  Atlantic  Monthly. 
He  was  American  consul  at  Glasgow  in 
1885-89,  and  subsequently  at  Leith,  where 
he  died.  He  was  the  author  of  Hand 
books  of  English  Literature:  British  Au 
thors,  and  American  Authors;  Builders 
of  American  Literature;  biographies  of 
Lowell,  Longfellow,  and  Whittier;  The 
Poet  and  the  Man,  Recollections  of  James 
Russell  Lowell;  Cloud  Pictures;  and  the 
novels,  Lord  of  Himself;  Man  Proposes; 
Dr.  Gray's  Quest;  and  Quabbin.  He  died 
in  1894. 

UNDERWOOD,  JOHN  COX,  soldier, 
civil  engineer,  journalist,  was  born  Sept. 
12,  1840,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.  He  was  en 
gineer  in  charge  of  the  public  works  of 
Warren  county,  Ky.,  city  engineer  of  Bow 
ling  Green  in  1868-75,  and  mayor  of  that 
town  in  1870-72.  In  1876-80  he  was  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Kentucky.  In  1881 
he  removed  to  Covington,  and  organized 
a  daily  newspaper  publishing  company  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  in  1882  the  Daily 
News,  of  which  he  was  general  manager, 
began  to  be  issued. 

UNDERWOOD,  JOHN  CURTISS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1808  in  Litch- 
field,  N.  Y.  From  1861  to  1863  he  was 
fifth  auditor  of  the  treasury  in  Washing 
ton;  and  was  subsequently  United  States 
district  judge  in  the  state  of  Virginia. 
He  died  Dec.  7,  1873,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

UNDERWOOD,  JOHN  WILLIAM 
HENRY,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1816,  in 
Elbert  county,  Ga.  In  1843  he  was  elected 
solicitor-general  for  the  western  circuit, 
resigning  in  1847.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Georgia  legislature  in  1857,  and  chosen 
speaker.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a"  repre 
sentative  from  Georgia  to  the  thirty-sixth 
congress.  .He  died  July  18,  1888,  in  Rome, 
Ga. 

UNDERWOOD,  JOSEPH  ROGERS,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1791,  in 
Goochland  county, 
Va.  In  1813  he  was 
lieutenant  of  a  vol-  - 
unteer  company.  He 
was  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  legislature 
from  1816  to  1819.  In 
1823  he  removed  to 
Bowling  Green;  and 
was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  general  as 
sembly  in  1825  and 
1826.  From  1828  to 
1835  he  was  judge  of 
the  court  of  appeals.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  in  congress,  in  which  po 
sition  he  served  from  1835  t6  1843.  In 
1846  he  was  again  elected  to  the  legis 
lature  of  Kentucky,  and  was  speaker  of 
the  house.  In  1847  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  United  States  senate  for  six 
years.  He  died  Aug.  23,  1876,  near  Bow 
ling  Green,  Ky. 


952 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


UNDERWOOD,  LUCIEN  MARCUS,  edu 
cator,  botanist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  26, 
1853,  in  New  Woodstock,  N.  Y.  He  is  a 
professor  of  botany  at  Syracuse  university 
from  1883;  and  the  author  of  Systematic 
Plant  Record;  Our  Native  Ferns  and 
How  to  Study  Them;  Our  Native  Ferns 
and  Their  Allies;  and  North  American 
Hepaticae. 

UNDERWOOD,  OSCAR  W.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  6,  1862,  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of  Bir- 
i  mingham,  Ala.  He 

was  chairman  of  the. 
democratic  executive 
committee  of  the 
ninth  district  in  the 
campaign  of  1892; 
and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  and 
fifty-fifth  congresses 
as  a  democrat.  He 
is  a  member  of  sev 
eral  important  com 
mittees;  is  an  able 
speaker;  and  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  passage  of 
several  bills  of  importance  to  his  state. 

UNDERWOOD,  WARNER  I..,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  7,  1808,  in  Goochland  county,  Va.  He 
was  appointed  attorney-general  for  the 
eastern  district  of  the  republic  of  Texas, 
but  held  the  office  only  a  short  time.  In 
1848  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature;  and  in  1849  a  member 
of  the  state  senate.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  thirty-fourth  and 
thirty-fifth  congresses. 

UNDERWOOD,  WILLIAM  HENDER 
SON,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
Sept.  13,  1779,  in  Culpeper  county,  Va. 
He  was  for  several  years  judge  of  the 
western  circuit  of  Georgia,  being  elected 
to  this  post  in  1825.  He  was  the  leading 
counsel  of  the  Cherokees  during  their 
controversy  with  the  state  of  Georgia,  and 
became  famous  in  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States  for  the  ability  with 
which  he  advocated  their  cause.  He  died 
Aug.  4,  1859,  in  Marietta,  Ga. 

UNTERREINER,  CHARLES,  educator, 
was  born  March  4,  1847,  in  Alsace.  He 
received  his  education  in  the  university 
of  Strasburg;  has  taught  modern  lan 
guages  in  France;  and  for  the  past  quar 
ter  of  a  century  in  the  United  States.  He 
is  now  the  principal  of  The  Institute  of 
Peekskill,  N.  Y.,  which  he  founded  in 
1877. 

UPCHURCH,  JOHN  JORDEN,  me 
chanic,  was  born  March  26,  1822,  in  Frank 
lin,  N.  C.  In  1868  he  secured  a  situation 
in  the  machine-shops  of  the  Atlantic  and 
Great  Western  railroad  at  Meadville,  Pa. 
Here  he  prepared  the  first  ritual  and  or 
ganized  the  first  lodge  of  the  Ancient 
Order  of  United  Workmen,  to  which  his 
principal  reputation  is  due.  It  has  since 
spread  into  every  state  and  territory  of 
the  union,  has  more  than  150,000  members, 
and  pays  out  about  $2,000,000  annually  in 
benefits  to  the  families  of  deceased  mem 
bers.  He  died  Jan.  18,  1887,  in  Steelville, 
Mo. 

UPDEGRAKF,  JONATHAN  T.,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Ohio.  He 
served  as  a  surgeon  in  the  union  army 
during  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  He  was 
a  presidential  elector  of  Ohio  in  1872;  was 
a  state  seirator  in  1872  and  1873.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican.  He  died  Nov.  30,  1882. 

UPDEGRAFF.  MILTON,  educator,  as 
tronomer,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1861,  in  De- 
corah,  Iowa.  Since  1890  he  has  been  pro 


fessor  of  astronomy  and  director  of  Law's 
observatory  in  the  university  of  Missouri 
at  Columbia.  He  has  contributed  various 
articles  to  astronomical  journals. 

UPDEGRAFF,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  April  3, 
1834,  in  Tioga  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state 
house  of  representa- 
tives  of  Iowa  and- 
chairman  of  the  ju 
diciary  committee  of 
that  body  in  1878.  He 
was  elected  to  the 
forty-sixth  congress 
and  re-elected  to  the 
forty-seventh  .  con 
gress  as  a  republic 
an.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of 
education  and  city 
solicitor  of  McGregor.  Iowa,  for  many 
years;  and  was  delegate  to  the  republican 
national  convention  of  1888  and  member 
of  notification  committee.  He'  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

UPDIKE,  WILKINS,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1784,  in 
Kingston,  R.  I.  He  served  many  years 
in  the  Rhode  Island  legislature,  and  was 
the  author  of  Memoirs  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Bar;  and  a  History  of  the  Epis 
copal  Church  in  Narragansett  Pier,  R.  I. 
He  died  Jan.  14,  1867,  in  Kingston,  R.  I. 

UPFOLD,  GEORGE,  protestant  episco 
pal  bishop,  author,  was  born  May  7,  1796, 
in  England.  He  moved  to  Pennsylvania 
in  1831,  taking  the  rectorship  of  Trinity 
church,  Pittsburg,  from  which  post  he 
was  elevated  to  the  episcopate.  He  was 
consecrated  first  bishop  of  Indiana.  His 
writings  include  The  Last  Hundred  Years, 
a  lecture;  Manual  of  Devotions  for  Do 
mestic  and  Private  Use;  and  sermons, 
pastoral  letters  and  addresses.  He  died 
Aug.  26,  1872,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

UPHAM,  ALBERT  GOOKIN,  physician, 
author,  was  born  July  ]0,  1819,  in  Ro 
chester,  N.  H.  He  published  a  biograph 
ical  and  genealogical  History  of  the  Up- 
ham  Family.  He  died  June  16,  1847,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

UPHAM,  CHARLES  WENTWORTH, 
clergyman,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  May  4,  1802,  in  Canada.  In  1840, 
1849,  and  1850,  he  was  in  the  Massachu 
setts  state  legislature.  In  1851,  1857  and 
1858  he  was  president  of  the  state  senate; 
and  was  mayor  of  Salem  in  1852.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  thirtv-third  congress. 
He  was  the  author  of  Lectures  on  the 
Logos;  Prophecy  as  an  Evidence  of  Chris 
tianity;  Salem  Witchcraft  and  Cotton 
Mather;  Life  of  Timothy  Pickering;  Life 
of  Sir  Henry  Vane;  Lectures  on  Witch 
craft;  and  Principles  of  Congregational 
ism.  He  died  June  14,  1875,  in  Salem, 
Mass. 

UPHAM,  FRANCIS  WILLIAM,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1817,  in 
Rochester,  N.  H.  He  was  an  educator  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  The 
Debate  Between  the  Church  and  Science; 
The  Wise  Men:  Who  They  Were;  The 
Star  of  Our  Lord;  Thoughts  on  the  Gos 
pels;  St.  Matthew's  Witness;  and  The 
First  Words  from  God.  He  died  in  1895. 

UPHAM,  GEORGE  B.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1769.  He 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  New 
Hampshire  legislature;  and  was  speaker 
in  1809  and  1815.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1801  to  1803.  He  died  Feb.  10.  1848, 
in  Claremont,  N.  H. 


UPHAM,  MRS.  GRACE  LE  BARON 
[LOCKE],  author,  was  born  in  1845  in 
Massachusetts.  She  is  a  Boston  writer  of 
popular  juvenile  tales;  and  the  author 
of  The  Rosebud  Club;  Little  Miss  Faith; 
and  Little  Daughter. 

UPHAM,  JABEZ,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1807  to  1810,  when  he 
resigned.  He  died  in  1811. 

UPHAM,  JOSHUA,  lawyer,  jurist,  man 
ufacturer,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1741,  in 
Brookfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
Boston;  then  emigrated  to  New  Bruns 
wick,  where  he  was  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  and  member  of  the  council  during 
1784-1807.  He  is  said  to  have  introduced 
the'  salt  manufacture,  and  built  the  first 
woolen  mill  in  America.  He  died  in  1808 
while  in  London  on  public  business. 

UPHAM,  NATHANIEL,  merchant,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  June  9,  1774,  in  Deerfield,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature  of  New 
Hampshire;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
governor's  council  from  1811  to  1812.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1817  to  1823.  He 
died  in  1829. 

UPHAM,  NATHANIEL  GOOKIN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  railroad  president,  was  born 
Jan.  8,  1801,  in  Deerfield,  N.  H.  From 
1833  till  1843  he  was  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  Hampshire,  and  from  1843 
till  1863  he  was  superintendent  of  the 
Concord  railroad,  of  which  he  was  presi 
dent  in  1863-66.  He  died  Dec.  11,  1869, 
in  Concord,  N.  H. 

UPHAM,  THOMAS  COGSWELL,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1799,  in 
Deerfield,  N.  H.  He  was  a  professor  of 
philosophy  at  Bow- 
doin  college  in  1824- 
72;  and  the  author 
of  Elements  of  Moral 
Philosophy;  Treatise 
on  the  Will;  Life  of 
Madame  Guyon ; 
Principles  of  the 
Hidden  Life;  Disor 
dered  Mental  Action; 
Elements  of  Intel 
lectual  Philosophy; 
Ratio  Discipline; 
Christ  in  the  Soul; 
The  Life  of  Faith;  The  Manual  of  Peace; 
Divine  Union;  American  Cottage  Life,  a 
book  of  verse;  Life  of  Madame  Catherine 
Adorna;  and  View  of  the  Absolute  Reli 
gion.  He  died  April  2,  1872,  in  New  York 
city. 

UPHAM,  WARREN,  geologist,  author, 
was  born  March  8,  1850,  in  Amherst,  N.  H. 
In  1879  he  began  in  Minnesota  the  ex 
ploration  of  the  area  of  the  glacial  Lake 
Agassiz;  and  is  the  author  of  Geology  of 
Minnesota;  Upper  Beaches  and  Deltas 
of  Lake  Agassiz;  and  the  Glacial  Lake  of 
Agassiz. 

UPHAM,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator.  United  States  senator,  was  born 
in  August,  17i>2,  in  Leicester,  Mass.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Vermont  assembly 
in  1827,  1828,  and  1830;  and  was  state's 
attorney  for  Washington  county  in  1829. 
He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from  1843  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  died  Jan.  14, 
1853,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

UPJOHN,  RICHARD  MICHELL,  archi 
tect,  was  born  March  7,  1828,  in  England. 
He  has  made  many  independent  designs, 
among  which  are  the  churches  of  St. 
Peter,  Albany;  St.  Paul,  Brooklyn;  Cen 
tral  Congregational,  Boston;  and  the 
cathedral  at  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis. ;  also  the 
library  building  of  Hobart  college,  Ge 
neva,  N.  Y.,  the  capitol  at  Hartford,  Conn., 
and  many  other  buildings  in  various  parts 
of  the  country. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


953 


UPSHUR,  ABEL  PARKER,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  author,  was  born  June 
17,  1790,  in  Northampton  county,  Va.  In 
1826  he  was  chosen  judge  of  the  general 
•court  of  Virginia;  and  was  again  chosen 
judge,  serving  many  years.  In  1841  he 
went  into  the  cabinet  of  President  Tyler 
as  secretary  of  the  navy.  In  1843  he  was 
transferred  to  the  head  of  the  state  de 
partment.  He  was  the  author  of  Inquiry 
into  the  Nature  and  Character  of  Our  Fed- 
«ral  Government.  He  died  Feb.  28,  1844, 
near  Washington,  D.  C. 

UPSHUR,  MARY  JANE  STITH,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  7,  1828,  in  Ac- 
comae  county,  Va.  She  has  contributed 
to  southern  periodicals  both  prose  and 
poetry,  commonly  under  the  pen-name1  of 
Fanny  Fielding.  Her  principal  work  is 
Confederate  Notes,  an  historical  novel, 
which  appeared  anonymously  in  1867  In 
the  Home  Monthly,  published  at  Nash 
ville,  Tenn. 

UPSON,  ANSON  JUUD,'  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1823,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  This  eminent  presbyterian 
clergyman  has  been  professor  of  sacred 
rhetoric  in  the  Auburn  Theological  sem 
inary,  and  since  1874  has  been  connected 
with  the  university  of  New  York  as  re 
gent,  vice-chancellor  and  chancellor. 

UPSON,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  March  19, 
1821,  in  Southington,  Conn.  In  1849-50  he 
was  county  clerk  for  St.  Joseph  county, 
Mich.;  and  in  1853-54  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  the  same.  In  1855-56  he  held 
the  office  of  state  senator;  and  in  1861 
and  1862  was  attorney-general  for  Michi 
gan.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  thirty-eighth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  and  fortieth  congresses.  He  died 
Sept.  5,  1885,  in  Coldwater,  Mich. 

UPSON,  COLUMBUS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1829,  in 
Onondaga  county,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the 
confederate  army  as  a  colonel  during  the 
war  of  the  rebellion.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Texas  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-seventh  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

UPSON,  WILLIAM  h.,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  11, 
1823,  in  Worthington,  Ohio.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Ohio  state  senate  in  1854  and 
1855.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  forty-first  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

UPTON,  CHARLES  HORACE,  diplo 
mat,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1812, 
in  Salem,  Mass.  He  settled  in  Fairfax 
county,  Va.;  and  in  IsbO  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  that  state  to  congress. 
In  1863  he  was  appointed  United  States 
consul  at  Geneva,  Switzerland,  where  he 
died  in  June,  1877. 

UPTON,  EMORY,  soldier,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  27,  1839,  in  Batavia,  N.  Y.  He 
was  an  officer  with  the  rank  of  major-gen 
eral  in  the  federal  army  during  the  civil 
war;  and  the  author  of  Infantry  Tactics; 
The  Armies  of  Asia  and  Europe;  and 
Tactics  for  Non-Military  Bodies.  He  died 
March  14,  1881,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

UPTON,  FRANCIS  HENRY,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  May  25,  1814,  in  Salem, 
Mass.  He  was  an  eminent  lawyer  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Treatise  on 
the  Law  of  Trade-Marks;  and  The  Law 
of  Nations  Affecting  Commerce  During 
War.  He  died  June  25,  1876,  in  New  York 
city. 

UPTON,  FRANCIS  ROBBINS,  inventor, 
was  born  July  26,  1852.  in  Peabody,  Mass. 
He  became  associated  with  Thomas  A. 


Edison  in  the  development  of  the  elec 
tric  light  and  other  inventions,  residing 
in  Menlo  Park,  N.  J. 

UPTON,  GEORGE  PUTNAM,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1834,  in  Rox- 
bury,  Mass.  He  is  a  Chicago  journalist; 
and  the  author  of  Letters  of  Peregrine 
Pickle;  The  Great  Fire;  Woman  in 
Music;  The  Standard  Operas;  The  Stan 
dard  Oratorios;  The  Standard  Cantatas; 
The  Standard  Symphonies;  Lives  of 
Haydn,  Liszt,  and  Wagner,  from  the 
German  of  Nohl;  and  Memories,  from 
the  German  of  Max  Miiller. 

UPTON,  JACOB  KENDRICK,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1837,  in  Wilmot,  N.  H. 
He  was  the  assistant  secretary  of  the 
treasury  in  1880;  and  the  author  of  Money 
in  Politics;  and  A  Coin  Catechism. 

UPTON,  LARKIN,  educator,  business 
man,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1832,  in 
North  Reading,  Mass.  For  many  years 
he  successfully  taught  penmanship  in 
Massachusetts  and  in  the  west.  He  is  a 
successful  mason,  contractor  and  builder 
of  Clinton,  Iowa.  In  1860-61 'he  was  alder 
man  of  Clinton;  in  1878-79  was  mayor  of 
that  city;  and  served  with  distinction 
as  a  member  of  the  nineteenth  and  twen 
tieth  general  assemblies  of  Iowa. 

UPTON,  SARA  CARR,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  1,  1843.  She  is  a  frequent  contrib 
utor  to  magazines  and  has  in  press  a  vol 
ume  of  Translations  from  the  French. 

UPTON,  WHEELOCK  SAMUEL,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1811,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  was  one  of  the  com 
pilers  of  The  Louisiana  Civil  Code,  and 
published  An  Address  at  New  York.  He 
died  Oct.  18,  1860,  in  Carrollton,  La. 

UPTON,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  June  19,  1854,  in 
Weaverville,  Cal.  He  has  been  superior 
judge  at  Walla  Walla,  Wash.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Masonic  Code  of  Wash 
ington;  and  a  Genealogy  of  the  Upton 
Family. 

UPTON,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  in  July,  1817,  in  Victor,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  Michigan  state 
legislature  in  1847;  and  was  prosecuting 
attorney  at  Lansing,  Mich.,  from  1847  to 
1852.  In  the  latter  year  he  moved  to 
California;  and  was  a  representative  in 
the  California  legislature  in  1856.  He  was 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Sacramento  coun 
ty  from  1861  to  1863.  In  1864  he  moved 
to  Oregon;  and  was  an  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Oregon  from  1867 
to  1872,  and  chief  justice  of  that  court 
from  1872  to  1874.  In  1877-85  he  was  sec 
ond  comptroller  of  the  treasury  of  the 
United  States  at  Washington.  He  is  the 
author  of  Digest  of  Decisions  of  the  Sec 
ond  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  1869-84. 

UPTON,  WINSLOW,  educator,  astron 
omer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1853,  in 
Salem.  He  was  a  member  of  the  United 
States  expeditions  to  observe  eclipses  in 
1878  and  1883,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
principal  American  and  foreign  scientific 
societies,  to  whose  publications  he  has 
contributed  numerous  papers. 

URE,  WILLIAM  ANDREW,  journalist, 
philanthropist,  was  born  April  8,  1839,  in 
West  Farms,  N.  Y.  In  1873  he  bought 
the  Sunday  Call,  which  was  the  leading 
paper  of  New  Jersey.  In  1894  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Newark  board  of 
trade. 

URMY,  CLARENCE  [THOMAS],  or 
ganist,  author.  He  is  an  organist  and 
verse-writer  of  San  Jose.  Cal.;  and  the 
author  of  A  Rosary  of  Rhyme;  and  A 
Vintage  of  Verse. 


URNER,  CLARENCE  H.,  educator,  pub 
lic  official,  poet,  was  born  April  13,  1856, 
in  New  Market,  Va.  After  receiving  a 
thorough  education 
at  the  New  Market 
Polytechnic  institute 
he  began  education 
al  work,  and  for  fif 
teen  years  was  suc 
cessfully  engaged  in 
that  profession.  He 
has  been  clerk  in  the 
treasury  department 
of  Virginia,  and  is 
prominent  in  the 
public  affairs  of  that 
state.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  poems  of  merit  which 
have  appeared  in  the  leading  magazines, 
in  Poets  of  America,  and  other  standard 
works. 

URNER,  MILTON  G.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  29,  1839,  in  Frederick 
county,  Md.  He  was  elected  state's  at 
torney  for  his  native  county  in  1871,  and 
served  four  years.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Maryland  to  the  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

URQUHART,  EDMOND,  manufacturer, 
was  born  April  5,  1834,  in  Fort  Henry, 
Canada.  He  established  The  Little  Rock 
Oil  works,  becoming 
president  of  the  com 
pany  and  among  the 
pioneers  of  the  cot 
ton-seed  oil  industry 
in  Arkansas.  His  en 
ergy  produced  an  ef 
fect  almost  electrical 
in  this  old  state. 
Cotton  fields  covered 
a  large  part  of  the 
territory  of  Arkansas 
and  cotton  seed 
could  be  obtained  in 
ample  supply.  His  mill  in  Little  Rock 
provided  a  local  market  for  the  seed. 

USHER,  EDWARD  PRESTON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1851  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  a  Boston  lawyer  living  in 
Grafton,  Mass.  In  1877  he  was  president 
of  the  Grafton  and  Upton  railroad.  He  is 
the  author  of  Sales  of  Personal  Property; 
and  Protestantism,  a  Study  in  the  Direc 
tion  of  Religious  Truth. 

USHER,  JOHN,  governor,  was  born 
April  25.  1648,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a 
bookseller  and  stationer  of  Boston;  and 
treasurer  of  Massachusetts.  He  ren 
dered  important  services  to  the  province 
in  purchasing  the  district  of  Maine.  Dur 
ing  1692-97  and  1702  he  was  lieutenant- 
gove'rnor  of  New  Hampshire.  He  died 
Sept.  1,  1706,  in  Medford,  Mass. 

IJSSHER,  BRANDRAM  BOILEAU,  phy 
sician,  clergyman,  bishop,  poet,  was  born 
Aug  6  1845,  in  Dublin,  Ireland.  He  at 
tended  the  university 
of  Michigan, the  Uni 
versity  Medical  col 
lege,  Missouri,  and 
received  a  theologic 
al  training  under 
Bishop  Whiteham  of 
Chicago,  111.  He 
practiced  as  a  physi 
cian  for  several 
years  in  Aurora,  111.; 
was  a  bishop  of  Can 
ada  and  Newfound 
land  in  the  reformed 

episcopal  church;  and  is  now  bishop  of 
the  reformed  episcopal  church,  and  the 
pastor  of  Christ  church  of  Peoria,  111. 
He  is  a  poet  of  acknowledged  excellence, 
and  his  poem,  entitled  The  Veteran  of 
Beverly  Ford,  is  worthy  of  a  place  be 
side  those  of  our  national  poets. 


, 


954 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGHXPHY. 


USTICK,  JOHN  T.,  printer,  paper  mer 
chant,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1842,  near  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  is  the  son  of  Thomas 
Watts  Ustick.  For  a  quarter  of  a  cen 
tury  he  has  been  prominently  identified 
with  some  of  the  foremost  wholesale  pa 
per  establishments  of  Chicago  as  secre 
tary,  manager  and  president.  In  1897  he 
founded  the  Central  Paper  company  of 
Chicago,  and  was  its  first  president. 

USTICK,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1753,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  educated  at  the  Rhode 
Island  college,  now  the  Brown  university, 
where  he  graduated  in  1771.  In  1777  he 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  in  1782 
became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Philadelphia.  During  the  yellow  fever 
in  Philadelphia  in  1793  he  was  of  great 
service  to  his  fellowmen.  He  died  April 
18,  1803,  and  was  buried  in  the  cemetery 
at  the  rear  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  of 
which  he  had  been  pastor  for  twenty- 
one  years. 

USTICK,  THOMAS  WATTS,  printer, 
publisher,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1801,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.,  and  was  a  grandson  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Ustick,  a  noted  baptist  di 
vine.  He  learned  the  printing  business 
in  Virginia,  and  became  a  successful 
printer  and  publisher  of  Washington,  Chi 
cago  and  St.  Louis.  In  1828  he  was  the 
publisher  of  the  Washington  City  Chron 
icle.  He  was  a  devout  member  of  the 
Third  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
of  which  church  he  was  deacon.  He  died 
Aug.  15,  1866,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  leaving  a 
rich  legacy  to  his  children  in  a  name  un 
tarnished  and  an  influence  which  will 
ever  live. 

USTICK,  WILLIAM  WATTS,  printer, 
genealogist,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1816.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  printer  and  pub 
lisher  of  Dubuque,  Iowa;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  genealogical  work  entitled 
Ustick  Family  Register. 

UTTER,  MRS.  REBECCA  [PALFREY], 
poet.  She  is  the  author  of  The  King's 
Daughter,  and  Other  Poems. 

UTTLEY,  HOWELL  MOSHER,  lawyer, 
was  born  March  12,  1851,  in  South  Bristol, 
N.  Y.  He  has  attained  success  as  one  of 
the  leading  lawyers  of  Nebraska  at 
O'Neill,  where  he  takes  a  prominent  part 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county 
and  state. 

VACHELL,  HORACE  ANNESLEY,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1861  in  England.  He  is 
a  novelist  now  resident  in  California,  but 
in  1883  an  English  lieutenant  in  the  rifle 
brigade.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Ro 
mance  of  Judge  Ketchum;  The  Model  of 
Christian  Gay;  The  Quicksands  of  Pac- 
tolus;  and  An  Impending  Sword. 

VAIL,  ALFRED,  scientist,  inventor,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1807,  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.  He  was  a  scientist  who  was 
one  of  the  inventors  of  the  telegraph.  He 
published  a  work  on  The  American  Elec 
tro-Magnetic  Telegraph.  He  died  Jan.  18,- 
1859,  in  Morristown,  N.  J. 

VAIL,  EDWARD  P.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  July  30,  1849,  in  Frederick,  111.  For 
four  years  he  was  state's  attorney  of  his 
native  county;  and  for  nearly  four  years 
filled  the  same  position  in  Macon  coun 
ty.  For  the  past  ten  years  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  circuit  court  of 
Illinois. 

VAIL,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  July  21,  1809,  in  Mor 
ristown,  N.  J.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1853 
to  1857;  and  was  appointed  consul  to  Glas 
gow.  He  was  also  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
errors.  He  died  May  23,  1875,  in  Morris- 
town,  N.  J, 


VAIL,  HENRY,  congressman,  was  born 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1837  to 
1839.  He  died  June  25,  1843. 

VAIL,  STEPHEN  MONTFORD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1818,  in 
Union  Dale,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman,  at  one  time  tried  by  his  church 
for  advocating  an  educated  ministry.  He 
was  the  author  of  Outlines  of  Hebrew 
Grammar;  Education  in  the  Methodist 
Church;  and  The  Bible  Against  Slavery. 
He  died  Nov.  26,  1880,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
VAIL,  THEODORE  NEWTON,  public 
official,  was  born  July  16,  1845,  in  Car 
roll  county,  Ohio.  He  was  assigned  to 
duty  as  assistant 
general  superintend 
ent  in  the  United 
States  government 
postoffice;  and  in 
1876  was  appointed 
general  superintend 
ent  in  the  city  of  New 
York.  He  had  thus 
reached  the  highest 
grade  in  this  branch 
of  the  federal  em 
ployment.  Mr.  Vail 
was  the  youngest  of 
the  officers  of  the  railway  mail  service, 
both  in  years  and  terms  of  service. 

VAIL,  THOMAS  HUBBARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1812,  in 
Richmond,  Va.  He  was  the  first  protest- 
ant  episcopal  bishop  of  Kansas,  conse 
crated  bishop  in  1864;  and  the  author 
of  Hannah,  a  Sacred  Drama;  and  The 
Comprehensive  Church.  He  died  Oct.  6, 
1889,  in  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa. 

VAILE,  EDWIN  ORLANDO,  educator, 
journalist,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1843,  in 
Piqua,  Ohio.  During  the  war  he  served 
as  a  private  in  the  one  hundred  and  thir 
ty-first  Ohio.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner 
of  The  Intelligence,  and  The  Week's  Cur 
rent,  which  are  published  in  Oak  Park,  111. 
VAILL,  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  author, 
poet,  was  born  July  3,  1750,  in  Litch- 
field,  Conn.  He  made  two  missionary 
tours,  one  in  1792  to  Vermont,  and  another 
in  1807  10  the  Black  river  country  in  New 
York.  After  1832  he  was  given  a  col 
league.  He  contributed  to  the  Connecti 
cut  Evangelical  Magazine,  under  the  pen- 
names  of  Senex  and  Jethro,  wrote  for 
other  periodicals,  and,  besides  sermons 
published  a  narrative  poem  entitled 
Noah's  Flood,  with  some  minor  poetical 
pieces.  He  died  Nov.  21,  1838,  in  Killing- 
worth,  Conn. 

VALE,  GILBERT,  author,  was  born  in 
1788  in  England.  He  was  a  Brooklyn 
writer  prominent  as  a  free-thinker;  and 
was  the  author  of  Fanaticism;  and  Life 
of  Thomas  Paine.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1866, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

VALENTINE,  DANIEL  MULFORD, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  June 
18,  1830,  in  Shelby  county,  Ohio.  He  has 
been  county  survey 
or  and  county  at 
torney  in  Iowa  and 
is  now  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of 
the  west  at  Topeka, 
Kan.,  to  which  state 
he  moved  in  1859.  In 
1862  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of 
the  Kansas  state  leg 
islature;  and  as  state 
senator  in  1863-64. 
During  1865-69  he  was  judge  of  the  dis 
trict  court;  and  during  1869-93  served 
with  distinction  as  judge  of  the  supreme 
court,  a  position  which  he  filled  with 
honor  for  twenty-four  consecutive  years, 


VALENTINE,  DAVID  THOMAS,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1801,  in 
East  Chester,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  clerk  of 
the  New  York  common  council  in  1831-69, 
and  author  of  a  Manual  of  the  Corporation 
of  New  York  City;  and  History  of  New 
York  City.  He  died  Feb.  25,  1869,  in  New 
York  city. 

VALENTINE,  EDWARD  K.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  1,  1843,  in 
Keosauqua,  Iowa.  He  served  as  an  officer 
in  the  union  army  throughout  the  war  of 
the  rebellion.  He  located  in  Nebraska 
in  1866;  and  in  1869  was  appointed  reg 
ister  of  the  United  States  land  office  at 
Omaha,  Neb.  He  was  judge  of  the  sixth 
judicial  district  from  1875  to  1878.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ne 
braska  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh 
and  forty-eighth  congresses  as  a  repub 
lican. 

VALENTINE,  EDWARD  VIRGINIUS, 
sculptor,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1838,  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.  He  opened  a  studio  in  Rich 
mond.  He  was  given  the  commission  to- 
execute  the  marble  figure  of  Gen.  Robert 
E.  Lee  in  the  mausoleum  attached  to  the 
chapel  of  Washington  and  Lee  university 
at  Lexington,  Va.  This  is  among  the  fin 
est  pieces  of  sculpture  of  the  kind  in  the 
United  States. 

VALENTINE,  EZRA  GATES,  lawyer, 
banker,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1847,  in  Wyo 
ming  county,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  with 
the  full  classical  course  in  1869  from  the 
Beloit  college,  Wisconsin.  He  has  at 
tained  distinction  as  an  eminent  lawyer 
of  Breckenridge,  Minn.;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  republican  convention  in 
1896;  and  takes  a  prominent  part  in  pub 
lic  affairs.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
state  drainage  board  of  Minnesota;  vice- 
president  and  director  of  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  Breckenridge,  and  director 
of  other  banks.  He  has  been  mayor  of 
his  city;  is  a  thirty-two  degree  Mason, 
and  stands  high  in  several  fraternal 
orders. 

VALENTINE,  MILTON,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1825,  near 
Uniontown,  Md.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergy 
man,  and  professor  of  systematic  the 
ology  at  Gettysburg  Theological  seminary 
from  1884.  He  is  the  author  of  Natural 
Theology,  or  Rational  Theism;  The  Re 
lations  of  the  Family  to  the  Church;  The 
Dynamics  of  Success;  Knowledge  by  Ser 
vice;  Absolute  Christianity;  and  Truth's 
Testimony  to  Its  Servants:  Is  the  Lord's, 
Day  only  a  Human  Institution? 

VALK,  WILLIAM  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He  removed 
to  New  York;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  from  1855  to 
1857. 

VALLANDIGHAM,  CLEMENT  LAIRD, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  July  29,  1820,  in  New  Lisbon,  Ohio. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  Ohio  state  legis 
lature  in  1845  and 
1846;  and  was  the 
editor  of  the  Dayton 
Empire  from  1847  to 
1849.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  thirty-fifth 
and  thirty-sixth  con 
gresses;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress.  In 
1863  he  was  arrested, 
by  military  author 
ity,  for  expressing  his  opinions  against 
the  war,  and  was  banished  to  the  south 
ern  states,  and,  by  way  of  Bermuda,  went 
to  Canada.  During  his  exile  he  was  nom 
inated  for  governor  of  Ohio,  and  was  de 
feated.  He  died  June  17, 1871,  in  Lebanon, 
Ohio. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPEIY. 


955- 


VALLENTINE,  BENJAMIN  BENNA- 
TON,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1843 
in  England.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New 
York  city,  dramatic  critic  of  The  Herald; 
and  the  author  of  The  Fitznoodle  Papers; 
Fitznoodle  in  America;  and  The  Lost 
Train. 

VAN  ABRNAM,  HENRY,  surgeon,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
11,  18i9,  in  Marcellus,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the'New  York  state  legislature 
in  1858;  and  in  1862  was  appointed  sur 
geon  of  the  one  hundred  and  fifty-fourth 
New  York  volunteers,  which  position  he 
resigned  in  1864.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fortieth  congress.  He  was  commissioner  of 
pensions  at  Washington  from  1869  to  1871; 
and  was  again  a  representative  in  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

VAN  ALLEN,  GEORGE  C.,  pioneer, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  July  6,  1830,  in 
Jefferson  county,  N.  Y.  He  has  attained 
success  in  real  estate  law  at  Mt.  Pleas 
ant,  Iowa;  and  is  the  author  of  Abstracts 
of  Title  for  Henry  County. 

VAN  ALLEN,  JAMES  Q.,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  state  assembly  in  1804;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1807  to  1809. 

VAN  ALLEN,  JOHN  E.;  state  legislai- 
or,  congressman.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York  from  1793 
to  1799;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state 
assembly  from  Rensselaer  county  in  1800 
and  1801. 

VAN  ALLEN,  MARTIN,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  July  9,  1832,  in  Pillar  Point, 
N.  Y.  He  has  filled  important  positions  in 
the  engineering  corps  in  the  construction 
of  various  railroads;  in  the  United  States 
land  survey;  and  in  the  land  department 
of  the  Illinois  Central  railroad.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  to  advocate  a  system  for 
securing  pure  water  for  Chicago.  He  is 
also  a  successful  real  estate  dealer. 

VAN  ALSTYNE,  FRANCES  JANE, 
poet,  hymn  writer,  was  born  March  24, 
1820,  in  South  East,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  blind 
poet,  and  is  the  author  of  Monterey,  and 
Other  Poems;  and  Hazel  Dell;  and  some 
of  her  hymns  are  Safe  in  the  Arms  of 
Jesus;  Close  to  Thee;  and  I  Am  Thine, 
O  Lord.  Her  pen-name  is  Fanny  G. 
Crosby. 

VAN  ALSTYNE,  THOMAS  J.,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  25,  1827,  in  Richmond- 
ville,  N.  Y.  In  1849  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  For  twelve  years  he  was 
county  judge  of  Albany  county;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

VAN-ANDERSON,  MRS.  HELEN  [VAN 
METRE],  minister,  author,  was  born 
in  1859  in  Iowa.  She  is  a  minister  and 
lecturer  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of 
The  Right  Knock;  It  Is  Possible;  The 
Story  of  Teddy;  and  Journal  of  a  Live 
Woman. 

VAN  AUKEN,  DENNIS  M.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1826,  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  a  prose 
cuting  attorney  in  1855;  and  was  fre 
quently  appointed  to  the  same  office.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  fortieth  and  forty-first 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

VAN  BRUNT,  GERSHOM  JAQUES, 
naval  officer,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1798,  in 
Monmouth  county,  N.  J.  He  was  com 
missioned  as  commodore  in  1862,  and  was 
retired  because  of  his  age  in  1863.  He 
died  Dec.  17,  1863,  in  Dedham,  Mass. 


VAN  BRUNT,  HENRY,  architect,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1832,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  an  architect  of  note,  the  de 
signer  of  Memorial  hall  at  Cambridge; 
and  the  author  of  Greek  Lines,  and  Other 
Architectural  Essays. 

VAN  BUREN,  ABRAHAM,  soldier,  was 
born  Nov.  27,  1807,  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 
He  served  with  distinction  in  the  Mexican 
and  civil  wars;  and  attained  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  He  died  March  15, 
1873,  in  New  York  city. 

VAN  BUREN,  JAMES  LYMAN,  soldier, 
was  born  June  21,  1837,  in  Dunkirk,  N.  Y. 
In  1864  he  served  with  credit  in  Gen. 
Grant's  campaign  against  Richmond,  re 
ceiving  the  brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel 
for  his  bravery,  and  subsequently  that  of 
colonel  for  his  services  in  the  Knoxville 
campaign.  In  the  assault  on  the  works  at 
Petersburg  he  gained  the  brevet  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  He  died  April  13,  1866, 
in  New  York  city. 

VAN  BUREN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  He  was  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers 
of  the  Ulster  county  bar,  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1841  to  1843.  He  died  Jan.  16,  1855,  in 
Kingston,  N.  Y.  _ 

VAN  BUREN,  JOHN,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  18,  1810,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.  In  1845 
he  was  elected  attorney-general  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  serving  till  1846.  He 
died  Oct.  13,  1866,  at  sea. 

VAN  BUREN,  JOHN  DEtiH,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1838, 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  civil  engineer 
of  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of 
Investigation  of  Formulas  for  the 
Strength  of  Iron  Parts  of  Steam  Machin 
ery;  and  Quay  and  Other  Retaining 
Walls. 

VAN  BUREN,  LAWRENCE,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1783  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 
He  served  in  the  war  of  1812-15,  in  which 
he  attained  the  rank  of  major.  He  died 
July  1,  1868,  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 

VAN   BUREN,   MARTIN,   eighth  presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  Dec. 
5,  1782,  in  the  town  of  Kinderhook,  Col 
umbia  county,  N.  Y. 
He  received   a   com 
mon   English   educa 
tion,  and  at  the  age 
of  fourteen  years  be 
gan  the  study  of  law, 
and.  according  to  the 
New  York  rule,  after 
study  ing  seven  years, 
he   was   admitted   to 
the  bar.     In  1806  he 
married    Miss    Han 
nah  Hoes,  who  was  a 
distant   relative.     In 
1808  he  was  appointed  surrogate  of  Col 
umbia  county,  and  in  1812  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate,  and   re-elected  in  1816. 
In  1821  he  was  elected  United  States  sen 
ator,  and  re-elected  in  1827.     In  1828  he 
was  elected  governor  of  New  York,  and 
entered  upon  the  duties  of  that  office  the 
1st  of  January,  1829,  having  resigned  his 
seat  in  the  senate.     He  ftlled  the  guber 
natorial  chair  but  little  over  two  months, 
being  appointed  secretary  of  state  by  Mr. 
Jackson  in  March.     At  the  expiration  of 
two  years  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  cab 
inet,  and  was  appointed  minister  to  Eng 
land.   The  appointment  was  not  confirmed 
by  the  senate,  and  he  was  recalled.     He 
was  elected  vice-president  of  the  United 
States  in  1832.    Mr.  Van  Buren  was  nom 
inated  for  president  by  the  national  dem 
ocratic   convention  held   at  Baltimore  in 
February,    1836.      Being    duly    elected   he 
took   the    oath   of    office    March    4,    1837. 
He   was   the  first  president  ever  nomin 
ated    by   a   regular   national    convention. 


Prior  to  this  time  it  had  been  the  cus 
tom  of  congress  and  the  state  legislatures 
to  nominate  the  candidates  for  president 
and  vice-president.  He  was  defeated  for 
a  re-election  in  1840,  and  at  the  close  of 
his  term,  March  4,  1841,  he  returned  to 
his  estate  at  Kinderhook.  He  was  nom 
inated  by  the  free  soil  party  for  the 
presidency  in  1848,  but  did  not  receive  an 
electoral  vote.  He  died  July  24,  1862.  Van 
Buren  held  office  thirty  years.  He  was 
the  only  man  who  ever  held  the  four 
highest  political  offices  in  the  United 
States — president,  vice-president,  secre 
tary  of  state  and  United  States  senator. 
He  died  worth  some  $300,000.  It  is  said 
that  during  his  entire  administration  he 
never  drew  any  portion  of  his  salary, 
but  on  leaving  took  the  whole  $100,000  in 
a  lump.  He  wrote  An  Inquiry  into  the 
Origin  and  Causes  of  Political  Parties  in 
the  United  States,  his  only  writing  of 
importance,  except  state  papers. 

VAN  BUREN,  WILLIAM  HOLME,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  April  5,  1819,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  an  eminent 
surgeon  of  New  York  city;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Contributions  to  Practical  Sur 
gery;  Diseases  of  the  Rectum;  Diseases 
of  the  Genito-Urinary  Organs  (with 
Keyes);  and  The  Principles  of  Surgery. 
He  died  March  25,  1883,  in  New  York  city. 
VAN  BURG,  LIZZIE,  author,  poet,  wa& 
born  Sept.  29,  1859,  in  Bernadotte,  111.  She 
is  a  writer  of  Holbrook,  Neb.;  and  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems. 

VANCE,  ALANSON  A.,  journalist,  wa.3- 
born  Jan.  25,  1826,  in  Newton,  N.  J.  Since 
1852  he  has  been  editor  and  owner  of 
The  Jerseyman  of  Morristown,  N.  J.;  was 
postmaster  of  his  city  during  1861-75; 
and  was  chosen  freeholder  from  the  first 
ward  of  Morristown  in  1895.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  litera 
ture,  and  is  one  of  the  foremost  journal 
ists  of  the  east. 

VANCE,  HART,  civil  engineer,  poet, 
was  born  March  7,  1851,  in  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Since  1873  he  has  filled  many  positions 
of  trust,  as  civil  engineer  and  surveyor. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

VANCE,  JAMES  A.,  educator,  lawyer, 
was  born  Oct.  10,  1849,  in  Pontotoc,  Miss. 
He  attended  Abingdon  college,  Illinois, 
during  1866-71,  and  has  attained  success 
in  educational  work;  and  has  been  county 
examiner  for  schools  of  Perry  county, 
Ark.,  for  several  terms;  and  has  a  suc 
cessful  practice  in  Perryville.  He  has 
filled  numerous  offices  of  public  trust,  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  public  affairs.  He 
was  republican  nominee  for  state  senator 
in  1886  and  in  1890. 

VANCE,  JOHN  L.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  19,  1839,  in  Gallipolis, 
Ohio.  He  entered  the  volunteer  army  as 
a  captain  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

VANCE,  JOHN  M.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Jan.  4,  1846,  in  New  Brunswick. 
In  1892  he  became  president  of  the  Eel 
River  and  Eureka  railway  at  Eureka,  Cal. 
VANCE,  JOSEPH,  agriculturist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  March 
21,  1786,  in  Washington  county,  Pa.  He 
served  frequently  in  the  legislature  of 
Ohio.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1821  to  1835;  was  governor  of 
the  state  in  1836;  and  was  again  in  con 
gress  from  1843  to  1847.  He  died  Aug.  24, 
1851,  near  Urbana,  Ohio. 

VANCE,  ROBERT  B.,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1790  in  Buncombe, 
N.  C.  In  1822  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
eighteenth  congress.  He  died  in  October, 
1827. 


956 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


VANCE,  ROBERT  B.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1823  to  1825. 

VANCE,  ROBERT  BRANK,  soldier, 
agriculturist,  congressman,  was  born 
April  24,  1828,  in  Buncombe  county,  N.  C. 
He  was  a  captain  of  a  company  in  the 
confederate  service  in  1861;  and  was  ap 
pointed  brigadier-general  in  1863.  He  was 
•elected  a  representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  forty-third  congress;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty- 
eighth  congresses.  In  1885  he  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  commissioner  of  patents 
in  the  department  of  the  interior. 

VANCE,  ROBERT  JOHNSTON,  journal 
ist,  legislator,  was  born  March  15,  1854,  in 
New  York  city.  He  is  the  editor  of  the 
New  Britain  Herald;  has  been  city  clerk 
for  nine  years;  and  a  member  of  the  Con 
necticut  legislature  in  1886.  rie  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

VANCE,  ZEBULON  BAIRD,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  governor,  was  born  May 
13,  1830,  in  Buncombe  county,  N.  C.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature 
from  Buncombe  county,  N.  C.;  and  in 
1858  was  elected  to  the  federal  house  of 
representatives.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  He  was  elected 
governor  of  North  Carolina  in  1862,  and 
re-elected  in  1864.  He  was  elected  United 
States  senator  in  1870,  but  was  refused 
his  seat.  He  was  elected  governor  in  1876; 
and  was  elected  a  United  States  senator 
from  North  Carolina  for  the  term  of  six 
years  from  March  4,  1879;  and  in  1885  was 
re-elected;  and  again  in  1890. 

VAN  CLEAVE,  JAMES  ROBERT 
BURNS,  public  official,  was  born  Oct.  9, 
1853,  in  Knoxville,  111.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  city  and  at  Knox  college  at  Gales- 
burg,  111.  While  pursuing  his  collegiate 
course  he  acted  as  correspondent  of  the 
Chicago  papers,  and  afterward  was  trav 
eling  correspondent  for  the  New  York 
Herald  and  the  Chicago  Times  throughout 
the  south  at  the  period  of  the  Hayes- 
Tilden  electoral  contest.  He  has  been  en 
rolling  and  engrossing  clerk  of  the  Illi 
nois  state  senate;  was  secretary  of  the 
original  Elaine  club  of  Chicago;  was  chief 
clerk  of  the  custom  house  at  Chicago; 
deputy  city  clerk  for  two  terms,  and  city 
clerk  for  tnree  terms.  He  has  been  sec 
retary  of  every  republican  state  and  coun 
ty  convention  for  many  years;  and  in 
1896  was  secretary  of  the  state  central 
committee  and  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee.  He  is  a  member  of  the  gov 
ernor's  staff,  holding  the  position  of  in 
spector-general  of  the  Illinois  national 
guard.  He  is  also  the  insurance  super 
intendent  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  and  a 
prominent  member  of  various  secret  "or 
ders  and  clubs  of  Chicago,  111. 

VAN  CLEEF,  JAMES  HENRY,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  July  12,  1841,  in 
Branchville,  N.  J.  In  1877-78  he  was  city 
attorney  for  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. ;  in 
1881  was  elected  to  the  legislature;  and 
in  1889  was  elected  mayor  of  the  city  of 
New  Brunswick. 

VAN  CLEVE,  HORATIO  PHILLIPS, 
soldier,  agriculturist,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  Nov.  23,  1809,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 
He  served  under  General  George  H.  Thom 
as  at  Mill  Springs,  for  his  part  in  which 
action  he  was  promoted  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers  on  March  21,  1862. 
He  was  adjutant-general  of  Minnesota  in 
1866-70,  and  in  1876-82.  He  died  April  24, 
1891,  in  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


VAN  CORTLANDT,  PHILIP,  soldier, 
agriculturist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Sept.  1,  1749,  in  Cortlandt 
Manor.  He  served  through  the  revolu 
tionary  war  as  colonel  in  the  New  York 
line.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
assembly  from  Westchester  county  in 
1788,  1789,  and  1790;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  from  1791  to  1794.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1793  to  1809.  He  died 
Nov.  5,  1831,  in  Cortlandt,  N.  Y. 

VAN  CORTLANDT,  PIERCE,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  assembly  of  New  York  in  1777; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1811  to  1813. 

VAN  CORTLANDT,  PIERRE,  soldier, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29, 
1762,  in  Cortlandt  Manor.  He  was  a  lead 
ing  man  in  Westchester  county,  its  repre 
sentative  in  congress  in  1811-12,  and  ma 
jor-general  of  the  militia,  one  of  his  aides 
being  James  Fenimore  Cooper.  He  died 
in  July,  1848,  in  Cortlandt  Manor. 

VAN  CORTLANDT,  STEPHANUS, 
statesman,  was  born  May  4,  1643,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  the  first  and  only 
lord  of  the  manor,  and  one  of  the  most 
eminent  men  of  the  province  of  New  York 
after  it  became  an  English  colony.  He 
served  in  various  offices  and  became  gov 
ernor  of  the  colony.  He  died  Nov.  25, 
1700,  in  New  York  city. 

VAN  COTT,  CORNELIUS,  state  senator, 
was  born  Feb.  12,  1838,  in  New  York  city. 
From  1888-89  he  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  senate;  and  in  1889  was  elect 
ed  postmaster  of  New  York  city. 

VAN  COTT,  OSCAR,  educator,  was  born 
Sept.  17,  1863,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
He  graduated  from  the  university  of  Utah; 
has  attained  success  as  an  educator;  and 
during  1896-98  was  the  first  superintend 
ent  of  Salt  Lake  county  schools  under 
statehood  for  Utah. 

VANDALE,  JOHN  A.  A.,  educator,  law 
yer,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1853,  in  Boggsville. 
W.  Va.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Spencer,  W.  Va.;  was  principal  of  schools 
for  several  years,  and  a  member  of  the 
school  board  when  the  high  school  was 
built.  He  has  been  public  prosecutor  for 
eight  years;  is  a  member  and  secretary 
of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  second 
hospital  for  the  insane;  and  has  filled 
various  other  public  positions  of  honor. 

VANDENHOFF,  GEORGE,  actor,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1820,  in  England, 
rie  is  an  actor  and  elocutionist  of  note; 
and  the  author  of  Plain  System  of  Elo 
cution;  Leaves  from  an  Actor's  Note 
Book;  Dramatic  Reminiscences;  Clerical 
Assistant,  or  Elocutionary  Guide;  Com 
mon  Sense;  and  The  Art  of  Reading 
Aloud. 

VANDERBILT,  CORNELIUS,  navigator, 
railroad  president,  was  born  May  27,  1794, 
on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.     In  1862  he  pre 
sented  to  the  federal 
government    his  fin 
est    steamer,     worth 
$800,000.      He   found 
ed      the      Vanderbilt 
university   at    Nash 
ville,  Tenn.,  for  the 
education  of  youth  of 
the    methodist    epis- 
I   copal     church.       He 
^^IB|   was  president  of  the 
I    Harlem,   the  Hudson 
|  -^T^H   |    River     and     Central 
railroad       of       New 

York  up  to  his  eighty-second  year,  and 
his  enterprise,  genius  and  success,  says 
the  Merchants'  Magazine,  are  known  and 
felt  the  world  over.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1877, 
in  New  York. 


VANDERBILT,  CORNELIUS,  financier, 
was  born  Nov.  27,  1843,  on  Staten  Island, 
N.  Y.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  New  York 
and  Harlem  railroad 
from  1867  till  1877, 
then  vice-president 
till  1886,  and  since 
that  date  has  been 
its  president.  He  is 
a  director  in  thirty- 
four  different  rail 
road  companies,  and 
is  a  trustee  of  many 
of  the  charitable,  re 
ligious,  and  educa 
tional  institutions  of 
New  York  city. 
Among  his  benefactions  are  the  gift  of  a 
building  in  New  York  city  for  the  use  of 
railroad  employes,  a  contribution  of  $100,- 
000  for  the  protestant  episcopal  cathedral, 
and  a  collection  of  drawings  by  the  old 
masters  and  the  painting  of  the  Horse 
Fair,  by  Rosa  Bonheur,  to  the  Metro 
politan  museum  of  art. 

VANDERBILT,  JOHN,  state  senator, 
was  born  in  1819,  in  Flatbush,  L.  I.  He 
was  the  first  judge  of  the  court  of  com 
mon  pleas  of  Kings  county,  N.  Y.;  and  in 
1852  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 

VANDERBILT.  WILLIAM  H.,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  May  8,  1821,  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  inherited  a  large 
^^^^^^^^^^^  part  of  his  father's 
immense  fortune,  and 
was  a  successful 
manager  of  his  fath 
er's  stupendous  en- 
2  terprises.  He  added 
two  hundred  thou 
sand  dollars  to  the 
endowment  of  Van 
derbilt  university; 
and  gave  five  hun 
dred  thousand  dol 
lars  for  land  and  for 
the  erection  of  new 
buildings  for  the  college  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  New  York  city.  He  re 
moved  the  Egyptian  obelisk  to  Central 
park  of  New  York  city  at  an  expense  of 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars.  He  died 
Dec.  8,  1885,  in  New  York  city. 

VANDERBILT,  WILLIAM  KISSAM, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1849, 
on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.  In  1882  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  New  York,  Chi 
cago  anu  St.  Louis  railroad,  which  posi 
tion  he  still  holds. 


,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist.  He  was  an  early  immigrant  to  Indi 
ana.  In  1800  he  was  appointed  an  asso 
ciate  justice  for  the  territory  of  Indiana. 

VANDERBURGH,  CHARLES  EDWIN, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1829,  in 
Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Minnesota,  which  position  he 
held  for  twenty  years. 

VANDERGRIFT,  JACOB  JAY,  busi 
ness  man,  capitalist,  was  born  April  10, 
1827,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  In  1863-64  he 
formed  a  company  in 
Fittsburg  for  pro 
ducing  oil;  and  his 
next  important  en 
terprise  was  in  con 
nection  with  a  rail 
road  and  pipe  line. 
He  laid  the  Star 
Pipe  line,  which  was 
the  real  commence 
ment  of  the  gigantic 
system  which  now 
prevails  under  the 
name  of  the  Nation 
al  Transit  company;  and  of  the  United 
i-ipe  lines.  Captain  Vandergrift  has  al- 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


95T 


ways  been  president.  He  was  one  of  the 
prime  movers  in  the  organization  of  the 
Forest  Oil  company,  and  has  been  its 
president  since  its  incorporation.  He  is 
interested  in  various  fuel  gas  and  natural 
gas  companies,  president  of  several  of 
them,  and  also  president  of  the  Keystone 
bank  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

VANDERHORST,  ARNOLDUS,  govern 
or.  He  was  the  seconu  governor  of  South 
Carolina  under  the  constitution,  serving 
as  such  from  1792  to  1794. 

VAN  DERLIP,  JOHN  T.,  business  man, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1854,  in  Alba,  Pa. 
He  is  a  successful  stonemason  and  con- 

tractor     of     Carbon- 

^^^;         '    dale,  Kan.;   has  eon- 

^^Kfe>        tributed     extensively 

to      the      periodical 

j   press;  and  his  poems 

3    appear    in    Poets   of 

j    America    and    other 

i    standard  works.    He 

has  filled  several  lo- 

•    cal  offices  of  import- 

/^  ^          ;\       I    ance  in  his  city  and 

^^^^^^^    county;     and  is  also 

^k^^"^M        I    a  member  of  several 

fraternal  orders  and 

societies. 

VANDERLYN,  JOHN,  artist,  was  born 
Oct.  15,  1775,  in  Kingston,  N.  Y.  He 
painted  two  views  of  Niagara  Falls,  which 
were  engraved  and  published;  and  por 
traits  of  Burr  and  his  daughter.  He 
spent  several  years  in  England  and  Paris, 
where  he  painted  for  Joel  Barlow  the 
Death  of  Miss  McCrea.  In  1805  he  visited 
Rome,  and  there  painted,  in  1807,  his 
Marius  Amid  the  Ruins  of  Carthage.  He 
died  Sept.  24,  1852,  in  Kingston,  N.  Y. 

VANDERPOEL,  ANN  PRISCILLA,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  June  25,  1815,  in 
England.  She  founded  the  Ladies'  home 
United  States  hospital  in  1861,  and  gave 
her  gratuitous  services  for  four  years  and 
a  half  as  a  nurse  to  the  union  soldiers. 
She  has  oeen  called  the  Florence  Night 
ingale  of  New  York.  She  died  May  4, 
1870,  in  New  York  city. 

VANDERPOOL,  AARON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  5,  1799,  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 
He  served  in  the  New  York  state  legis 
lature  in  1825,  1829  and  1830.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1833  to 
1837,  and  again  from  1839  to  1841.  He  was 
appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the  superior 
court,  which  office  he  held  until  1850.  He 
died  July  18,  1870,  in  New  York. 

VANDERVEER,  ABRAHAM,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1837  to  1839.  He  died  July  20,  1839. 

VANDER  VEER,  ALBERT,  surgeon, 
was  born  July  10,  1841,  in  Root,  N.  Y.  He 
graduated  in  medicine  from  the  medical 
department  of  the  Columbia  university 
of  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  from  the  Al 
bany  Medical  college  in  1862.  He  has 
been  professor  of  surgery  in  the  Albany 
Medical  college;  became  dean  of  the  same 
institution;  and  in  1895  was  made  regent 
of  the  New  York  State  university  of  Al 
bany.  He  has  traveled  extensively  in  Eu 
rope;  and  is  a  member  of  the  leading 
medical  associations.  He  has  written  ex 
tensively  on  medical  subjects,  and  is  one 
of  the  foremost  leaders  in  his  profession. 

VAN  DEUSEN,  MRS.  MARY  (WEST- 
BROOK),  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1829 
in  New  York.  She  is  a  writer  of  Ron- 
dout,  N.  Y.,  whose  principal  works  include 
Rachel  Du  Mont;  Gertrude  Willoughby,  a 
novel;  Colonial  Dames  of  America;  and 
Voices  of  My  Heart,  a  book  of  verse. 


VAN  DEVANTER,  WILLIS,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  April  17,  1859, 
in  Marion,  Ind.  He  attended  the  De 
Pauw  university,  and  the  law  school  of 
the  Cincinnati  college.  He  has  attained 
success  in  the  profession  of  law  at  Chey 
enne,  Wyoming;  has  been  city  attorney; 
a  member  of  the  territorial  legislature, 
and  commissioner  to  revise  territorial 
laws.  He  has  served  with  distinction  as 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Wy 
oming,  which  office  he  filled  for  two  terms. 
He  has  been  chairman  of  the  republican 
state  committee;  a  member  of  the  republi 
can  national  committee;  and  is  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  public  affairs  of 
Wyoming. 

VANDEVER,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  31, 
1817,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  removed  to 
Iowa,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  that  state  to  the  thirty-sixth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirfy- 
seventh  congress.  He  served  as  a  colonel 
in  the  union  army  in  1861.  He  also  served 
in  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

VANDIVER,  WILLARD  DUNCAN,  ed 
ucator,  congressman,  was  born  March  30, 
1854,  in  Hardy  county,  Va.  He  was  elected 
professor  of  natural  science  in  Bellevue 
institute,  and  three  years  later  became 
its  president.  In  1889  he  accepted  the 
chair  of  science  in  the  State  Normal 
school  at  Cape  Girardeau,  and  in  1893  be 
came  its  president.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress. 

VAN  DORN,  EARL,  soldier,  was  born 
Sept.  17,  1820,  in  Port  Gibson,  Miss.  In 
1842  he  graduated  from  West  Point;  and 
served  with  distinc 
tion  in  the  Mexican 
and  civil  wars,  at 
taining  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  In 
1861  he  was  appoint 
ed  brigadier-general 
of  the  state  forces  by 
the  Mississippi  legis 
lature;  and  after 
ward  succeeded  Jef 
ferson  Davis  as  ma 
jor-general.  After 
gallant  service  in  the 
confederate  army  he  was  fatally  shot  by  a 
Dr.  Peters  May  8,  1863,  in  Springfield, 
Tenn. 

VAN  DUSEN,  WASHINGTON,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1857,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  poems  entitled 
Immortelles,  and 
Other  Poems;  and 
has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  the  Phil 
adelphia  daily  news 
papers,  and  promi 
nent  eastern  maga 
zines.  His  poems 
have  been  given  a 
place  in  Poets  of 
America,  and  in  sev 
eral  other  standard 
collections;  and  are 
a  valuable  acquisition  to  literature. 

VAN  DYKE,  CORNELIUS  VAN  AL 
LEN,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
13,  1818,  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.  He  su 
perintended  the  publication  of  a  version 
of  the  whole  Bible  in  1864-67  for  the 
American  Bible  society.  He  is  the  au 
thor  in  Arabic  of  a  series  of  mathemati 
cal,  chemical,  astronomical  and  hygienic 
works. 

VAN  DYKE,  HENRY  HERBERT, 
financier,  was  born  in  1809  in  Kinderhook, 
N.  Y.  He  became  superintendent  of  pub 


lic  instruction  for  the  state  of  New  York 
in  1857,  and  in  1861  superintendent  of  the 
state  banking  department,  holding  office 
till  1865,  when  he  was  chosen  assistant 
United  States  treasurer.  He  died  Jan.  22, 
1888,  in  New  York  city. 

VAN  DYKE,  HENRY  JACKSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  March  2,  1822, 
in  Abingdon,  Pa.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Brooklyn,  and  tne  author  of 
The  Lord's  Prayer;  and  The  Church:  Her 
Ministry  and  Sacraments.  He  died  May 
26,  1891,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

VAN  DYKE,  HENRY  JACKSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1852,  in 
Germantown,  Pa.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  New  York  city,  pastor  of 
the  Brick  church  from  1882,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Reality  of  Religion;  The 
Story  of  the  Psalms;  The  National  Sin  of 
Literary  Piracy;  The  Poetry  of  Tenny 
son;  Historic  Presbyterianism;  Straight 
Sermons  to  Young  Men;  The  Christ  Child 
in  Art;  Little  Rivers;  The  Story  of  the 
Other  Wise  Man;  That  Monster — the 
Higher  Critic;  God  and  Little  Children; 
The  Gospel  for  an  Age  of  Doubt;  and  The 
Builders,  and  Other  Poems. 

VAN  DYKE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  3,  1807,  in 
Lamington,  N.  J.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1847  to 
1851.  He  afterwards  became  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  state.  He  died 
Dec.  24,  1878,  in  Wabasha,  Minn. 

VAN  DYKE,  JOHN  CHARLES,  art  cri 
tic,  author,  was  born  April  zl,  1856,  in 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  is  an  art  critic 
and  librarian  of  the  Sage  library  at  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  is  the  author  of 
Books  and  How  to  Use  Them;  Principles 
of  Art;  How  to  Judge  a  Picture;  Serious 
Art  in  America;  Art  for  Art's  Sake;  His 
tory  of  Painting;  and  Old  Dutch  and  Fle 
mish  Masters. 

VAN  DYKE,  JOSEPH  SMITH,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1832,  in 
Bound  Brook,  N.  J.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  minister  at  Cranbury,  N.  J., 
from  1869,  and  the  author  of  Popery  the 
Foe  of  the  Church;  Prohibition  of  the 
Liquor  Traffic;  Through  the  Prison  to 
the  Throne;  From  Gloom  to  Gladness; 
Giving  or  Entertainment — Which?  and 
Theism  or  Evolution. 

VAN  DYKE,  NICHOLAS,  congressman, 
was  born  Sept.  25,  1738,  in  New  Castle 
county,  Del.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Del 
aware  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1777  to  1782,  and  was  a  signer  of  the  arti 
cles  of  confederation.  He  died  Feb.  19, 
1789,  in  New  Castle  county,  Del. 

VAN  DYKE,  NICHOLAS,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  20,  1769,  in  New  Castle,  Del.  He  was 
elected  in  1799  to  the  legislature  of  Del 
aware,  and  in  1807  to  congress,  serving 
until  1811.  In  1815  he  became  a  member 
of  the  senate  of  Delaware,  and  from  1817 
till  1826  he  was  a  member  of  the  United 
States  senate.  He  died  May  21,  1826,  in 
New  Castle,  Del. 

VAN  DYKE,  THEODORE  STRONG, 
was  born  July  19,  1842,  in  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.  J.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  sportsman 
of  southern  California,  and  the  author 
of  Rifle,  Rod  and  Gun  in  California; 
Southern  California;  The  Still  Hunter; 
Game  Birds  at  Home;  and  Southern  Cal 
ifornia  the  Italy  of  America. 

VANE,  HENRY,  governor,  was  born  in 
1612,  in  England.  From  1636-37  he  was 
governor  of  Massachusetts.  He  was  the 
author  of  A  Healing  Question;  A  Needful 
Corrective;  Meditations  Concerning 
Man's  Life;  Meditation  on  Death;  and 
The  Retired  Man's  Meditation.  He  died 
June  14,  1662. 


958 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


VAN  EATON,  HENRY  S.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  14,  1826,  in  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio.  In  1857  he  was  elected  district  at 
torney,  and  in  1S59  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Mississippi  state  legisla 
ture.  He  served  in  the  confederate  army 
throughout  the  civil  war.  In  1880  he  was 
appointed  chancellor  of  the  tenth  district 
of  Mississippi,  and  served  on  the  bench 
until  elected  a  representative  from  Missis 
sippi  to  the  forty-eighth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

VAN  GAASBECK,  PETER,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1793  to  1795. 

VAN  HORN,  HURT,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  28,  1823,  in  Newfane,  N.  Y.  He  was 
elected  to  the  New  York  state  legislature 
in  1858,  and  the  two  succeeding  years. 
He  was  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress,  and  in 
1864  was  elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

VAN  HORN,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1850,  in  Otsego 
county,  N.  Y.  In  1881  he  was  elected 
clerk  of  the  counly 
of  Otsego,  and  re- 
elected  In  1884;  and 
was  twice  elected  su 
pervisor  of  the  town 
of  Otsego,  and  sev 
eral  times  a  member 
and  chairman  of  the 
democratic  county 
committee.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress  as  a 
democrat.  He  has 
attained  prominence 
as  a  lawyer  of  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.,  and 
has  contributed  valuable  articles  to  sec- 
.ular  and  law  publications. 

VAN  HORN,  ROBERT  THOMPSON, 
soldier,  journalist,  legislator,  was  born 
May  19,  1824,  in  East  Mahoning,  Pa.  After 
receiving  a  thorough  education  he  became 

.a  practical  printer.  He  attended  the  or 
dinary  schools  of  that  time;  at  fifteen 
years  of  age  he  entered  the  office  of  the 
Indiana  (Pa.)  Register,  serving  four  years 

.as  an  apprentice  to  the  printing  business. 
He  moved  to  Ohio  in  1844,  and  to  his 
present  place  of  residence  in  Missouri  in 
1855,  where  he  established  the  Kansas 
City  Journal,  of  which  he  is  still  editor. 
He  was  elected  mayor  of  that  city  in  1861 

.and  again  in  1865.  He  served  during  the 
war,  first  as  major  of  Van  Horn's  battal 
ion,  United  States  reserve  corps,  taking 
part  in  the  battle  and  siege  of  Lexington, 
under  Colonel  Mulligan,  in  September, 
1861;  then  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
twenty-fifth  Missouri  infantry,  command- 

.  ing  the  regiment  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh, 
and  serving  in  the  army  of  the  Tennessee 
and  in  the  campaigns  of  southeast  Missou- 

•  ri  and  Arkansas.  While  in  the  field  he 
was  elected  to  the  Missouri  senate  in  1862, 
and  to  congress  In  1864,  also  in  1866,  1868 
and  1880,  serving  in  the  thirty-ninth,  for 
tieth,  forty-first  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses.  He  was  collector  of  internal  rev 
enue  for  the  sixth  district  of  Missouri 
from  September,  1875,  to  1881.  He  has 
been  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national 
conventions  of  1864,  1868,  1872,  1876,  1880 
and  1884,  being  twice  a  member  of  the 
national  republican  committee,  and  chair 
man  of  the  republican  state  committee  of 
Missouri;  and  was  one  of  the  306  voting 
for  General  Grant  in  the  convention  of 
1880.  He  was  elected  -to  -the  fifty-fourth 
congress. 


VAN  HORNE,  ARCHIBALD,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1807  to  1811. 

VAN  HORNE,  ESPY,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1829.  He  died 
June  25,  1829,  in  Williamsport,  Pa. 

VAN  HORNE,  ISAAC,  soldier,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  captain  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war;  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1801  to 
1805;  and  was  then  appointed  receiver  of 
public  moneys  in  Zanesville,  Ohio. 

VAN  HORNE,  THOMAS  B.,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  18 — .  He  is  a  cler 
gyman,  chaplain  in  the  federal  army  dur 
ing  the  civil  war,  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland;  and 
Life  of  Major-General  Thomas. 

VAN  HORNE,  WILLIAM  C.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  in  February,  1843,  in 
Will  county,  111.  He  became  general  man 
ager  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  railroad,  of 
which  the  section  through  the  wheat  dis 
tricts  of  Manitoba  had  just  been  complet 
ed.  He  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
company  in  1884,  and  in  1888  became  its 
president. 

VAN    HOUTEN,   GEORGE   H.,   soldier, 
journalist,    horticulturist,    lecturer,    state 
legislator,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1847,  in  Mis 
souri,  and  since  1855 
^^•^       •*•   luis  resided  in  Taylor 
•^^  county.      He    served 

nearly  two  years  in 
the  war  as  a  member 
of  the  fourth  regi 
ment  Missouri  caval- 
I  ry.  He  has  been  a 
successful  nursery 
man  and  journalist; 
is  secretary  of  the 
Iowa  State  Horticul 
tural  society,  and 
also  of  the  South 
western  Iowa  society.  He  has  lectured  on 
travels  and  for  fraternal  societies.  He 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  twenty-sixth  and  twenty-seventh 
general  assemblies  of  the  Iowa  state  leg 
islature. 

VAN  HOUTON,  ISAAC  B.,  congressman, 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1833  to  1835. 

VAN  LENNEP,  HENRY  JOHN,  was 
born  March  8,  1815,  in  Asia  Minor.  He 
was  a  congregational  missionary  in  Asia 
Minor  in  1839-69,  and  the  author  of  Ten 
Days  Among  Greek  Brigands;  Bible 
Lands;  Travels  in  Little  Known  Parts  of 
Asia  Minor;  and  The  Oriental  Album. 
He  died  Jan.  11,  1889,  in  Barrington, 
Mass. 

VAN  METRE,  JOHN  J.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1843  to  1845. 

VANN,  IRVING  GOODWIN,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1842,  in  Ulysses, 
N.  Y.  In  1863  he  received  his  education 
at  the  Trumansburg 
academy,  the  Ithaca 
academy,  graduated 
from  Yale  college  in 
1863,  and  from  the 
Albany  Law  school 
two  years  later.  In 
1879  he  served  with 
distinction  as  mayor 
of  Syracuse;  and 
during  1882-96  was 
justice  of  the  su 
preme  court.  In  1896 
he  was  appointed  by 
the  governor  as  judge  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals  for  the  state  of  New  York;  and  in 
November  of  the  same  year  was  elected 
to  that  high  office  for  a  full  term  of  four 
teen  years  by  a  majority  of  243,180. 


VAN  NESS,  CORNELIUS  PETER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  governor,  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1782,  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  legislature 
from  1818  to  1821,  and  was  a  commissioner 
to  settle  the  national  boundaries  under 
the  treaty  of  Ghent,  from  1817  to  1821. 
He  was  chief  justice  of  the  state  from 
1821  to  1823,  and  was  governor  from  1823 
to  1826.  He  was  minister  to  Spain  from 
1829  to  1839,  and  was  collector  of  the  port 
of  New  York  in  1844  and  1845.  He  died 
Dec.  15,  1852,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

VAN  NESS,  JOHN  PETER,  lawyer, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  in  1770  in 
Ghent,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1801  to  1803.  Having  taken 
up  his  residence  in  Washington  City  he 
became  the  first  president  of  the  Bank  of 
the  Metropolis  in  1814,  and  was  also 
elected  mayor  of  Washington.  He  died 
March  7,  1847,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

VAN  NESS,  MARCIA  BURNS,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  in  1782  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  On  her  death  the  people  at  Wash 
ington  held  a  large 
meeting,  at  which 
prominent  men  eulo 
gized  her  good  deeds. 
She  was  an  aboli 
tionist  known  the 
world  over:  and  con 
tributed  stirring  art 
icles  on  that  subject 
to  the  leading  news 
papers  and  m  a  g  a- 
I  zines  of  the  United 
I"  ^MB  slates,  which  materi 
ally  aided  the  cause. 
She  died  in  September,  1832,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

VAN  NESS,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1859  in  Maryland.  He 
is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Boston,  pas 
tor  of  the  Second  church,  and  the  author 
of  The  Coming  Religion;  The  Ideal  Com 
monwealth;  and  My  Visit  to  Count  Tol 
stoi. 

VAN  NESS,  WILLIAM  PETER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  in  1778  in  Ghent, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  jurist  of  New  York  city, 
and  the  author  of  Examination  of  Charges 
Against  Aaron  Burr;  Laws  of  New  York; 
and  Concise  Narrative  of  Jackson's  First 
Invasion  of  Florida.  He  died  Sept.  16, 
1826,  in  New  York  city. 

VAN  NEST,  ABRAHAM  RYNIER,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1823,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  Dutch  reformed 
clergyman  in  charge  of  American  chapels 
abroad,  and  pastor  in  Philadelphia  in 
1878-86.  He  was  the  author  of  Signs  of 
the  Times;  and  Life  of  G.  Bethune.  He 
died  June  2,  1892,  in  New  York  city. 

VAN  NORDEN,  CHARLES,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1843  in  Connecticut. 
He  is  a  congregational  clergyman  at  Suf- 
field,  Connecticut,  and  the  author  of  The 
Outermost  Rim  and  Beyond;  and  The 
Psychic  Factor. 

VAN  NORDEN,  WARNER,  president  of 
the  National  Bank  of  North  America,  was 
born  July  2,  1841,  in  New  York.  In  1891 
he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  National 
Bank  of  North  Am 
erica,  one  of  the  old 
est  financial  institu 
tions  in  the  country, 
and  has  since  re 
mained  at  its  head. 
He  is  president  of 
the  South  Yuba  Wa 
ter  company,  presi 
dent  of  the  Land  and 
River  Improvement 
company;  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Holland  Trust  company,  and  a 
director  of  the  Home  Insurance  company, 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


959 


American  Savings  bank,  the  Northern 
Trust  company,  of  Superior,  Wis.,  and  sev 
eral  other  organizations. 

VAN  NORMAN,  DANIEL  CUMMINGS, 
educator,  was  born  in  August,  1815,  in 
Nelson,  Canada  West.  He  founded  and 
became  principal  of  the  Van  Norman  in 
stitute  of  New  York  city,  a  school  for 
young  ladies,  successfully  conducting  that 
institution  until  his  death.  He  died  June 
24,  1886,  in  New  York  city. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  CORTLAND,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  May  26,  1808,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
•clergyman  who  was  secretary  of  the  pres 
byterian  board  of  education,  1846-60,  and 
the  author  of  Miscellaneous  Sermons,  Es 
says  and  Addresses;  and  Essays  and  Di's- 
•courses.  He  died  July  25,  1860,  in  Bur 
lington,  N.  J. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  HENRY,  soldier, 
•congressman,  was  born  in  1810  in  Albany, 
.N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  in 
1841-43,  and  in  1855-60  was  president  of 
mining  companies.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  civil  war  he  was  appointed  chief-of- 
staff  to  Gen.  Winfield  Scott,  with  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general,  and  he  became  in 
spector-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel 
on  the  retirement  of  General  Scott;  served 
in  the  department  of  the  Rappahannock 
in  April  and  August,  1862,  subsequently 
in  the  third  army  corps,  and  in  the  de 
partment  of  the  Ohio  until  his  death. 
He  died  March  23,  1864,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  JEREMIAH,  pat 
riot,  congressman,  was  born  in  1741  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  patriot  of.  the 
revolution.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  New  York  from  1789  to  1791;  and 
was  lieutenant-governor  of  New  York 
from  1801  to  1804;  and  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1810.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1820,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  KILLIAN,  sec 
ond  lord  of  the  manor,  was  born  in  1662, 
in  Rensselaerswick.  He  was  an  officer  of 
militia  and  a  magistrate;  represented  the 
manor  in  the  assembly  in  1693-1704,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  council  from  the  lat 
ter  date  until  his  death.  In  1705  he  con 
veyed  Claverack,  or  the  lower  manor,  to 
his  brother,  Hendrick.  He  died  in  1719  in 
Rensselaerswick. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  KILLIAN  K.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1763  in  Rensselaer 
county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1801  to  1811, 
after  which  he  retired  to  private  life.  He 
died  „  une  18,  1845,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  MRS.  MARIANA 
(GRISWuLD),  art  critic,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  23,  1851,  in  New  York  city.  She  is 
an  art  critic  of  New  York  city,  and  the 
author  of  Art  Out  of  Doors,  a  work  on 
gardening;  English  Cathedrals;  Six  Por 
traits;  Handbook  of  English  Cathedrals"; 
Henry  Hobson  Richardson;  and  One  Man 
who  was  Content,  and  Other  Stories. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  MAUNSELL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  15,  1819, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  New  York  city-  and  the  author 
of  Sister  Louise:  her  Life  Book;  and  An 
nals  of  the  Van  Rensselaers  in  the  United 
States. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  PHILIP  S.,  mayor 
of  Albany,  was  born  April  15,  1767,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y.  He  became  mayor  of  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  in  1799,  and  held  office  for  nineteen 
years,  the  longest  service  of  any  mayor  of 
that  city.  He  was  president  of  the  Albany 
Bible  society  for  many  years,  a  trustee  of 
Union  and  a  founder  of  Albany  academy. 
He  died  Sept.  25,  1824,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

VAN  RENSSELAER.  SOLOMON,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1774, 


in  Rensselaer  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  adju 
tant-general  of  New  York  from  1801  to 
1810,  and  in  1813.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1819 
to  1822,  when  he  was  appointed  postmaster 
at  Albany.  He  died  April  23,  1852,  near 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  STEPHEN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1765,  in  New  York.  He 
was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York 
senate  in  1795;  and 
was  six  years  lieu 
tenant-governor  o  f 
New  York.  He  was 
a  member  of  con 
gress  from  1822  to 
1829.  In  1810  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the 
canal  commissioners 
and  for  the  last  four 
teen  years  of  his  life 
was  president  of  the 
board.  During  the  last  war  with  England 
he  commanded  as  a  major-general  on  the 
Niagara  frontier.  He  was  distinguished 
for  his  wealth  and  munificent  charities, 
and  enjoyed  the  inherited  title  of  Patroon. 
He  died  Jan.  26,  1839,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  STEPHEN,  the 
last  patroon,  was  born  March  29,  1789,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  During  the  anti-rent  trou 
bles  in  1839  he  sold  his  townships,  and  at 
his  death  the  manor  passed  out  of  the 
hands  of  his  descendants.  He  died  May 
25,  1868,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

VAN  RIPER,  JACOB  J.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  March  8,  1838,  in  Haverstraw, 
N.  Y.  During  1881-84  he  was  attorney- 
general  of  Michigan.  In  1892  he  was  elect 
ed  judge  of  probate  for  four  years. 

VANSANT,  JOSHUA,  college  president, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maryland  from  1853  to  1855;  and  was  al 
so  for  many  years  president  of  the  Mary 
land  institute. 

VAN  SANTVOORD,  CORNELIUS,  was 
born  April  8,  1816,  in  Belleville,  N.  J.  He 
was  a  Dutch  reformed  clergyman  of  New 
York  state;  and  the  author  of  Memoir  of 
Eliphalet  Nott;  and  Limitation  of  the 
Liabilities  of  Ship  Owners  Under  United 
States  Laws.  He  died  in  1892. 

VAN  SANTVOORD,  GEORGE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1819,  in  Belle 
ville,  N.  J.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Kinder- 
hook,  N.  Y.;  and  the  author  of  Life  of 
Algernon  Sidney;  Lives  of  the  Chief  Jus 
tices  of  the  United  States;  The  Indiana 
Justice;  Principles  of  Pleading  in  Civil 
Actions;  Precedents  of  Pleading;  and 
Practice  in  Equity  Actions  in  New  York 
Supreme  Court.  He  died  March  6,  1863, 
in  East  Albany,  N.  Y. 

VAN  SANTVOORD,  HAROLD,  author, 
was  born  in  1854  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
New  York  writer;  and  the  author  of  Half 
Holidays,  a  volume  of  essays. 

VAN  SCAY,  THOMAS,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1848.  in  White 
county,  Ind.  He  has  attained  success  as  a 
professor  of  ancient  languages;  was 
president  of  the  Williamette  university, 
Oregon,  for  twelve  years;  and  dean  of  the 
Portland  university  for  six  years. 

VAN  SCHAACK,  HENRY  CRUGER, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  3,  1802,  in 
Kinderhook,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  lawyer  of 
Manlius,  N.  Y. ;  and  the  author  of  History 
of  Manlius  Village;  An  Old  Kinderhook 
Mansion;  Captain  Thomas  Morris;  and 
Life  of  Peter  Van  Schaack.  He  died  Dec. 
16,  1887,  in  Manlius,  N.  Y. 

VAN  SCHAACK,  PETER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  in  March,  1747,  in  Kin 


derhook,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  once  famous 
jurist  of  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. ;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Laws  of  the  Colony  of  New  York; 
and  Conductor  Generalis.  He  died  Sept. 
17,  1832,  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 

VAN  SCHAICK,  GOZEN,  soldier,  was 
born  in  January,  1737,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
served  with  distinction  in  the  revolution 
ary  war;  and  in  1783  was  appointed  a 
brigadier-general  by  brevet.  He  died  July 
4,  1789. 

VAN  SCHAICK,  ISAAC  W.,  manufac 
turer,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1817,  in  Coxsackie, 
N.  Y.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Wisconsin  legislature,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1874.  In  1877  he  was  elected 
to  the  Wisconsin  senate;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1879  and  1881.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Wisconsin 
to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

VAN  SICKLE,  FRANK  ALBERT,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1864,  in 
Ontario.  Canada.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Trinity  university  of  Toronto; 
and  his  degr«;  of  medicine  from  the  De 
troit  Ci'lltfe  ol  Medicine;  and  he  is  now 
one  of  the  Isading  physicians  and  surgeons 
of  Micl  igan  at  Breedsville. 

VAN  1VEENWYK,  GYSBERT,  soldier, 
legislator,  banker,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1814, 
in  Holland.  He  served  two  years  in  the 
.  army  of  the  Nether 
lands,  and  in  1849 
emigrated  to  Ameri 
ca.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  to  the  state 
assembly  of  the  Wis 
consin  state  legisla 
ture,  and  subsequent 
ly  became  bank  comp 
troller.  In  1857  he 
was  commissioned 
brigadier-general  of 
state  troops.  He  has 
been  connected  with 

the  Victor  Flouring  mill,  the  La  Crosse 
Linseed  Oil  mill,  the  Edison  Electric 
Light  and  Power  company,  the  La  Crosse 
Street  Railway  company,  and  various  oth 
er  business  enterprises'.  He  is  best  known 
as  a  banker,  and  for  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century  the  Batavian  bank,  of  which 
he  is  president,  has  been  a  pillar  of 
strength  in  his  community. 

VAN  TRUMP,  PHILADELPH,  journal 
ist,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  15,  1810,  in  Lancaster,  Ohio.  In  1862 
he  was  elected  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas,  which  position  he  resigned 
in  1866.  In  that  year  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
first  and  forty-second  congresses.  He  died 
July  31,  1874,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

VANUXEM,  LARDNER,  scientist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  23,  1792,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  scientist  who  was 
state  geologist  of  New  York  in  1836-42; 
and  the  author  of  Geology  of  New  York, 
Third  District;  and  Essay  on  the  Ulti 
mate  Principles  of  Chemistry,  Natural 
Philosophy,  and  Physiology.  He  died 
Jan.  25,  1848,  in  Bristol,  Pa. 

VAN  VALKENBURGH,  ROBERT 
BRUCE,  soldier,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1821,  In 
Steuben  county,  N.  Y.  He  served  three 
terms  in  the  state  legislature  of  New 
York.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress;  and  in  1862,  while  in  congress,  took 
command  as  colonel  of  the  one  hundred 
and  seventh  regiment  New  York  volun 
teers,  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of 


960 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


Antietam.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress.  In  1865  he  was  appointed 
acting  commissioner  of  Indian  affairs  dur 
ing  the  absence  of  the  commissioner;  and 
in  1865  was  appointed  minister  resident 
to  Japan.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1888,  in  Su- 
wanee  Springs,  Fla. 

VAN  VECHTEN,  ABRAHAM,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  5, 
1762,  in  Catskill,  N.  Y.  He  was  known  as 
the  father  of  the  New  York  bar,  being 
the  first  lawyer  admitted  to  practice  after 
the  adoption  of  the  state  constitution.  He 
was  city  recorder  in  1797-1808;  state  sen 
ator  in  1798-1805;  member  of  the  assem 
bly  in  1805-15;  attorney-general  in  1810 
and  1813-15;  and  a  member  of  the  consti 
tutional  convention  in  1821.  In  1797-1823 
he  was  a  regent  of  the  university  of  the 
state  of  New  York.  He  died  Jan.  6,  1837, 
in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

VAN  VECHTEN,  JACOB,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1788  in  Catskill,  N. 
Y.  In  1815-49  he  was  pastor  of  the  re 
formed  Dutch  church  in  Schenectady,  N. 
Y.  He  published  Memoirs  of  Dr.  John  M. 
Mason,  in  two  volumes;  and  An  Effective 
Ministry,  a  sermon.  He  died  Sept.  15, 
1871,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

VAN  VLECK,  JACOB,  Moravian  bishop, 
was  born  March  24,  1751,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1815  he  was  consecrated  to  the 
episcopacy  at  Bethlehem,  having  been  ap 
pointed  president  of  the  executive  board 
of  the  southern  province.  He  died  July  3, 
1831,  in  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

VAN  VLECK,  JOHN  MONROE,  educa 
tor  author  was  born  March  4,  1833,  in 
Stone  Ridge,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  expedition  that  was  sent  out  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Nautical  Almanac  of 
fice  to  observe  the  total  solar  eclipse  at 
Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa,  in  1869.  His  publi 
cations  include  Tables  giving  the  Posi 
tions  of  the  Moon  for  1855-56,  and  for 
1878-91,  and  similar  Tables  giving  the  Po 
sitions  of  Saturn  for  1857  to  1877,  con 
tributed  to  the  American  Nautical  Alma 
nac. 

VAN  VLECK,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  Mo 
ravian  bishop,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1790,  in 
Bethlehem,  Pa.  He  was  consecrated  to 
the  episcopacy  in  1836  at  Bethlehem,  and 
appointed  president  of  the  executive  board 
of  the  southern  province  and  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Salem.  He  died  Jan.  19, 
1853,  in  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

VAN  VLIET,  STEWART,  soldier,  was 
born  July  21,  1815,  in  Ferrisburg,  Vt.  He 
served  in  the  Seminole,  Mexican  and  civil 
wars;  and  was  brevetted  major-general 
in  the  United  States  army  in  1865. 

VAN  VOORHES,  NELSON  H.,  soldier, 
journalist,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  23,  1822,  in  Washington 
county.  Pa.  In  1850  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  state  legislature;  and 
in  1855  was  elected  probate  judge.  He  re 
signed  to  again  become  a  member  of  the 
legislature,  and  was  made  speaker;  and 
by  re-elections  was  a  member  ten  years. 
In  1861  he  entered  the  army  in  the  volun 
teer  service;  and  in  1862  was  commis 
sioned  colonel  of  the  ninety-second  regi 
ment  of  United  States  troops.  In  1871  he 
was  again  speaker  of  the  assembly;  served 
In  that  capacity  four  years.  In  1874  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

VAN  VOORHIS,  HENRY  C.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  11,  1852,  in 
Muskingum  county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
from  Zanesville,  Ohio,  to  the  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses,  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 


VAN  VOORHIS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1828,  in  De- 
catur,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Rochester  city  board  of  education  in  1857; 
city  attorney  in  1859;  and  was  appointed 
collector  of  internal  revenue  in  1862.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh 
and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  republican. 

VAN  WART,  ISAAC,  patriot,  was  born 
in  1760  in  Greenburg,N.  Y.  On  Sept.  23,  1780, 
with  John  Paulding  and  David  Williams, 
he  intercepted  Major  John  Andre  on  his 
return  from  the  American  lines.  For  this 
service  he  received  the  thanks  of  con 
gress,  a  pension  of  $200  per  annum  for 
life,  and  a  silver  medal  bearing  on  one 
side  the  word  Fidelity,  and  on  the  other 
the  legend  Vincit  Amor  Patriae.  On  June 
11,  1829,  the  citizens  of  Westchester  coun 
ty  erected  a  monument  to  his  memory. 
He  died  May  23,  1828,  in  Mount  Pleasant, 
N.  Y. 

VAN  WINKLE,  PETER  G.,  state  legis 
lator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  7,  1808,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  West  Vir 
ginia  from  its  organization  until  1863; 
and  in  November  of  that  year  was  elected 
a  senator  in  congress  from  West  Virginia 
for  the  term  ending  in  1869.  He  died 
April  15,  1872,  in  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 

VAX  WYCK,  CHARLES  HENRY,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  May  10,  1824,  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty-sixth 
congress;  and  was  also  elected  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  While  in  con 
gress  he  served  in  the  volunteer  service 
as  colonel  of  a  regiment;  and  in  1865  was 
appointed  a  brigadier-general  by  brevet. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fortieth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress.  He  removed  to  Nebraska  in  1874; 
and  was  a  state  senator  from  1876  to  1880. 
He  was  elected  United  States  senator  from 
Nebraska  for  six  years  from  March  4,  1881. 

VAN  WYCK,  SAMUEL,  insurance  pres 
ident,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1824,  in  West 
Hills,  N.  Y.  In  1887  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  La  Fayette  Fire  Insurance 
company  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  which  posi 
tion  he  still  holds. 

VAN  WYCK,  WILLIAM  W.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1821  to  1825. 

VAN  ZANDT,  CHARLES  COLLINS, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  governor,  was  born 
Aug.  10,  1830,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was 
speaker  of  the  Rhode  Island  state  house 
of  representatives  in  1858-59,  from  1866  to 
1869,  and  from  1871  to  1873;  and  was  lieu 
tenant-governor  and  ex-officio  president  of 
the  state  senate  from  1873  to  1875.  He 
was  governor  of  Rhode  Island  from  1877 
to  1880. 

VAN  ZANDT,  MARIE,  vocalist,  was 
born  Oct.  8,  1861,  in  Texas.  She  was  be 
friended  by  Adelina  Patti,  who  encour 
aged  her  to  go  on  the  stage.  She  has  un 
consciously  copied  the  style  of  that  great 
cantatrice.  Her  voice  is  clear  and  melo 
dious  and  of  astonishing  compass. 

VAN  ZILE,  EDWARD  SIMS,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1863  in  New  York. 
He  is  a  novelist  and  journalist  of  New 
York  city  on  the  staff  of  The  World;  and 
the  author  of  Wanted,  a  Sensation;  The 
Last  of  the  Van  Slacks;  A  Magnetic  Man. 
and  Other  Stories;  Don  Miguel,  and  Other 
Stories;  The  Manhattaners;  and  A  Crown 
Prince. 

VARICK,  RICHARD,  soldier,  was  born 
March  25,  1753,  in  Hackensack,  N.  J.  He 
served  with  distinction  during  the  revolu 


tionary  war;  and  was  inspector-general 
at  West  Point  after  1780.  He  died  July 
30,  1831,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

VARICK,  THEODORE  ROMEYN,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  June  24,  1825,  in 
Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  first 
to  prove  the  usefulness  of  cocaine  in  capi 
tal  amputations.  He  published  mono 
graphs  on  The  Use  of  Hot  Water  in  Sur 
gery;  The  Protective  Treatment  of  Open 
Wounds;  and  a  score  of  other  valuable 
medical  papers.  He  died  Nov.  23,  1887,  in 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

VARNEY,  MRS.  F.  G.,  poet.  She  has- 
attained  success  as  a  writer  of  Windham 
Centre,  Maine. 

VARNEY,  GEORGE  JONES,  author, 
was  born  in  1836  in  Maine.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Young  People's  History  of  Maine; 
Gazetteer  of  Maine;  A  Brief  History  of 
Maine;  and  The  Story  of  Patriot's  Day. 

VARNUM,  CHARLES  W.,  lawyer,  poli 
tician,  orator,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1862,  In 
Sanilac  county,  Mich.  He  attended  the 
Hillsdale  college; 
graduated  with  high 
est  honors  from  the 
Iowa  City  Commer 
cial  college,  and  from 
the  law  department 
of  the  state  univer 
sity  of  Iowa  with  the 
degree  of  LL.  B.  He 
has  attained  success 
in  the  profession  of 
law  at  Denver,  Colo. 
In  1891  he  organized 
the  Republican 

league  of  Colorado,  and  was  its  first  pres 
ident.  He  has  been  three  times  a  delegate 
to  the  National  League  convention,  and 
secured  the  national  convention  of  1894 
for  Denver.  In  1894  he  was  elected  state 
organizer  of  the  Republican  league  of 
Colorado,  and  in  three  months  organized 
ninety  clubs  with  over  forty  thousand 
members.  In  1897  he  was  elected  chair 
man  of  the  national  silver  party  commit 
tee  of  Denver. 

VARNUM,  JAMES  MITCHELL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1748,  in  Dracut, 
Mass.  In  1774  he  accepted  the  command 
of  a.  company  called  the  Kentish  guards; 
and  in  1777  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  In  1779  he  resigned  his 
commission  in  the  army,  and  the  legisla 
ture  appointed  him  major-general  of  mili 
tia.  From  1780  to  1782  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  continental  congress.  In  1786  he 
was  again  a  delegate  to  congress,  and 
served  one  year;  and  was  then  appointed 
judge  of  the  Northwest  territory.  He 
died  Jan.  10,  1789,  in  Marietta,  Ohio. 

VARNUM,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  1783  in  Es 
sex  county,  Mass.  He  was  frequently  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature;  and  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1825  to  1831.  He  died  July 
23,  1846,  in  Niles,  Mich. 

VARNUM,  JOSEPH  BRADLEY,  soldier, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
29,  1750,  in  Dracut,  Mass.  He  was  a  gen 
eral  in  the  revolutionary  war;  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1795  to 
1811,  being  speaker  during  the  tenth  and 
eleventh  congresses.  He  was  chosen  sena 
tor  in  1811;  served  until  1817,  and  was 
president  pro  tempore  of  the  senate.  He 
died  Sept.  21,  1821,  in  Dracut,  Mass. 

VARNUM,  JOSEPH  RRADLY,  lawyer, 
author  was  born  June  9,  1818,  in  Wash 
ington'  D.  C.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  writer 
of  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  The 
Seat  of  Government  of  the  United  States; 
and  The  Washington  Sketch-Book.  He 
died  Dec.  31,  1874,  in  Astoria,  N.  Y. 


HERRTNGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


961 


VARNUM,  LULU  LEE,  suffragist.  She 
was  the  first  woman  delegate  to  a  national 
political  convention  of  one  of  the  old  par 
ties;  and  is  well  known  in  Colorado  as 
a  state  organizer  of  women's  republican 
clubs.  She  is  the  wife  of  Charles  W. 
Varnum,  the  secretary  and  state  organizer 
of  the  Republican  league  of  Colorado,  and 
she  has  been  his  right  hand  in  the  very 
successful  work  he  has  accomplished. 

VASEY,  GEORGE,  physician,  botanist, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1822,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  physician  and  botanist 
who  was  botanist  of  the  department  of 
agriculture  at  Washington  in  1872-93.  He 
was  the  author  of  Beauties  and  Utilities 
of  a  Library;  The  Philosophy  of  Laugh 
ing  and  Smiling;  A  Descriptive  Catalogue 
of  Native  Forest  Trees  of  the  United 
States;  Grasses  of  the  United  States;  Ag 
ricultural  Grasses  of  the  United  States; 
Grasses  of  the  South;  Grasses  of  the  Arid 
Districts;  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the 
Grasses  of  the  United  States;  and  Indi 
vidual  Liberty.  He  died  in  1893. 

VASSAR,  JOHN  ELLISON,  lay  preach 
er,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1813,  in  Poughkeep- 
sie,  N.  Y.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  war 
he  visited,  in  the  service  of  the  Tract  so 
ciety,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South 
Carolina,  and  Florida.  Few  men  of  his 
day  traveled  more  extensively  or  were 
more  widely  known  than  Uncle  John  Vas- 
sar.  He  died  Dec.  6,  1878,  in  Poughkeep- 
sie,  N.  Y. 

VASSAR,  JOHN  GUY,  philanthropist, 
author,  was  born  June  15,  1811,  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  philanthropist  of 
Poughkeepsie,  nephew  of  the  founder  of 
Vassar  college;  and  the  author  of  Twenty 
Years  Around  the  World.  He  died  Oct 
27,  1888,  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

VASSAR,  MATTHEW,  philanthropist, 
was  born  April  29,  1792,  in  England.  He 
came  to  America  in  1796;  amassed  a  for 
tune  in  the  brewery 
business;  and  in  1861 
he  gave  nearly  half 
a  million  dollars  to 
found  the  Vassar  Fe 
male  college  o  f 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y., 
which  was  named  in 
his  honor.  By  his 
will  that  sum  was 
nearly  doubled;  and 
he  also  made  be 
quests  to  various 
charitable  institu 
tions.  He  died  June  23,  1868,  in  Pough 
keepsie,  N.  Y. 

VASSAR,  MATTHEW,  philanthropist, 
was  born  May  11,  1809,  in  Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y.  He  served  at  one  time  as  trustee 
of  the  village  of  Poughkeepsie  and  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  education;  held  many 
private  trusts,  and  was  one  of  the  origi 
nal  trustees  of  Vassar  college,  and  at  the 
request  of  the  founder  was  its  treasurer 
from  the  beginning  until  his  death.  His 
various  benefactions  amounted  to  half  a 
million  dollars.  He  died  Aug.  10,  1881,  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

VASSAR,  THOMAS  EDWIN, clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1834,  in  Pough 
keepsie,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  baptist  clergyman; 
and  the  author  of  Uncle  John  Vassar,  or 
The  Fight  of  Faith,  a  very  popular  work. 

VAUGHAN,  DANIEL,  scientist,  was 
born  about  1821  in  Ireland.  The  last  work 
of  his  life  was  a  series  of  astronomical  ar 
ticles  that  were  published  in  the  Popular 
Science  Monthly.  He  issued  in  book-form 
Popular  Physical  Astronomy,  or  an  Expo 
sition  of  Remarkable  Celestial  Phenome 
na.  He  died  in  April,  1879,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

61 


VAUGHAN,  ELBERT  HUNTER,  clergy 
man,  college  president,  was  born  Jan.  9, 
1849,  in  Blountville,  Tenn.  He  has  attain 
ed  eminence  as  a  minister  of  the  metho- 
dist  episcopal  church,  and  as  president  of 
Soule  college  of  Dodge  City,  Kan. 

VAUGHAN,  FRED  W.,  lawyer,  politic 
ian,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1858,  in  Wyalusing, 
Pa.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools,  at 
theSusquehanna  Col 
legiate  institute,  and 
at  the  Wyoming 
Commercial  college. 
He  is  a  successful 
lawyer  of  Fremont, 
Neb.;  secretary  of 
the  Sound  Money 
Democratic  league  of 
Nebraska,  and  a 
prominent  member 
of  various  orders.  In 
1896  he  was  a  gold 

delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention,  which  delegation  was  unseated. 
He  was  subsequently  chosen  to  a  Chicago 
conference,  which  resulted  in  the  national 
convention  at  Indianapolis,  to  which  he 
was  also  a  delegate. 

VAUGHAN,  JOHN,  physician,  author, 
was  born  June  25,  1775,  in  Uchland,  Pa. 
He  was  a  physician  of  Wilmington,  Del., 
very  eminent  in  his  day;  and  the  author 
of  Chemical  Syllabus;  and  Observations 
on  Animal  Electricity.  He  died  March  25, 
1807,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

VAUGHAN,  JOHN  B.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  16,  1860,  near  Bow 
man,  Ga.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
Sunday  School  and  Revival  Song  Books; 
and  is  also  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Music  Leader  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

VAUGHAN,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
born  Sept.  12,  1703,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
He  first  suggested  the  expedition  against 
the  French  at  Louisburg;  and  he  took  part 
as  lieutenant  in  that  successful  expedition. 
He  died  Dec.  11,  1746,  in  England. 

VAUGHAN,  WILLIAM  W.,  congress 
man.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-second 
congress  as  a  representative  from  Ten 
nessee.  He  is  an 
able  speaker;  and 
while  in  congress 
served  on  the  com 
mittee  of  territories, 
and  various  other 
important  commit 
tees.  He  also  con 
tributed  articles  on 
current  topics  to  the 
leading  newspapers 
and  magazines  of  the 
United  States;  and 
he  is  the  author  of  one  published  work. 

VAUX,  CALVERT,  architect,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  20,  1824,  in  England.  He 
was  an  English  architect  and  landscape 
gardener  who  settled  in  the  United  States 
in  1851.  With  F.  L.  Olmsted  he  designed 
Central  park  in  New  York  city,  and  he 
was  associated  with  him  in  many  similar 
works  throughout  the  country.  He  pub 
lished  Villas  and  Cottages  in  the  earlier 
part  of  his  career.  He  died  in  1895. 

VAUX,  RICHARD,  penologist,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1816, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  distin 
guished  penologist  of  Philadelphia;  mayor 
of  that  city  in  1856;  and  a  member  of  the 
fifty-first  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  His 
writings  include  every  annual  report  of 
the  Eastern  penitentiary  for  more  than 
fifty  years;  Recorders'  Decisions;  and 
many  volumes  on  the  subject  of  penology. 
He  died  in  1895. 


VAUX,  ROBERTS,  lawyer,  jurist,  pen 
ologist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1786, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  jurist  and 
penologist  of  Philadelphia,  prominent  in 
all  local  philanthropic  enterprisesthrough- 
out  his  life.  He  was  the  author  of  Me 
moirs  of  Benjamin  Lay,  Ralph  Sandiford, 
and  Anthony  Benezet;  and  Efforts  to  Im 
prove  the  Discipline  of  the  Prison  at  Phil 
adelphia.  He  died  Jan.  7,  1836,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

VAUX,  WILLIAM  SANSOM,  mineralo 
gist,  was  born  May  19,  1811,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  president  of  the  Zoo 
logical  society  of  Philadelphia,  and  from 
1864  until  his  death,  with  the  exception  of 
1874-75  was  vice-president  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  He 
was  one  of  eight  founders  of  the  Numis 
matic  and  Antiquarian  society,,  and  its 
senior  vice-president.  He  died  May  5  1882 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

VEALE,  MOSES,  soldier,  lawyer,  was 
born  Nov.  9,  1832,  in  Bridgeton,  N.  J.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war,  and  for 
meritorious  services  received  the  rank  of 
major.  In  1866  he  was  United  States  at 
torney  for  Montana. 

VEATCH,  ANDREW  A.,  clergyman,  po 
et.  He  is  a  successful  clergyman  of  Brooke- 
land,  Tex.,  and  the  author  of  a  collection 
of  sacred  poems  entitled  Over  the  Line, 
and  Other  Poems.  He  is  also  the  author 
of  several  popular  songs;  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  both  prose  and  verse 
to  the  periodical  press. 

VEATCH,  JAMES  CLIFFORD,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  19, 
1819,  near  Elizabethtown,  Ind.  He  was  in 
the  Indiana  legislature  in  1861-62;  became 
colonel  of  the  twenty-fifth  regiment  of 
Indiana  volunteers  in  1861,  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers  in  1862,  and  brevet  ma 
jor-general  in  August,  1865,  at  which  time 
he  retired  from  the  army.  He  became  ad 
jutant-general  of  Indiana  in  1869;  and 
was  collector  of  internal  revenue  from " 
1870  till  1883. 

VEAZEY,  THOMAS  W.,  governor,  was 
born  in  1780.  He  was  governor  of  Mary 
land  from  1836  to  1838;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of  delegates  and  of  the 
executive  council.  He  died  June  30,  1848, 
in  Cecil  county,  Md. 

VEDDER,  COMMODORE  PERRY,  state 
senator,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1838,  in  Elli- 
cottville,  N.  Y.  In  1875,  1876,  1877,  and 
1888  he  was  a  member  of  the  senate  from 
Tennessee. 

VEDDER,  ELIHU,  artist,  was  born  Feb. 
26,  1836,  in  New  York  city.  One  of  the 
best  known  of  his  paintings  is  the  Lair 
of  the  Sea-Serpent,  now  in  the  Boston  mu 
seum  of  Fine  Arts,  where  are  also  The 
Roc's  Egg;  Fisherman  and  Djin;  Domini 
can  Friars;  and  An  Italian  Woman. 

VEDDER,  HENRY  CLAY,  educator, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1853  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  journalist  for  many 
years,  and  subsequently  professor  of 
church  history  at  Crozer  Theological  sem 
inary.  Upland,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of 
American  Writers  of  To-Day;  and  A  Short 
History  of  the  Baptists. 

VEDDER,  PETER  VAN  DYCK,  clergy, 
man,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1854,  in  Schen 
ectady,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Union  Classical  institute;  and  since  18801 
has  been  united  with  the  Des  Moines 
methodist  episcopal  conference.  Great  re 
vivals  of  religion  have  followed  his  labors 
at  each  pastorate;  and  he  is  considered 
one  of  the  foremost  clergymen  in  the 
methodist  episcopal  church  of  Iowa.  He 
now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Clarinda. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


VEEDER,  EMILY  ELIZABETH.author. 
poet,    was    born    in    the    valley    of    Lake 
Champlain,  N.  Y.     She  was  a  student  in 
.  the  Packer   institute 

I  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.; 
I  and  has  tra\eled  ex- 
I  tensively  in  the 
I  United  States  and 
I  foreign  countries. 
I  She  belongs  to  a  tal- 
I  ented  family,  and  is 
I  the  granddaughter 
^  PMI  of  Judge  McOmber. 

^^^^  ^B    She  is  the  author  of 

^B    Her     Brother     Don- 
•H^  I    M;I  i-d:     In    the    Gar 

den,  and  Other  Po 
ems;  and  has  arranged  several  of  her 
poems  to  music  of  her  own  composition. 
During  the  author's  congress  of  the 
World's  Columbian  exposition,  Mrs.  Veed- 
er  originated  the  idea  of  an  author's  in- 
.stitute.  She  has  contributed  extensively 
to  current  literature,  and  her  most  popu 
lar  poems  are  Twilight  Hours;  In  My 
Dreams;  and  A  Voice. 

VEEDER,  WILLIAM  D.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May  19, 
1835,  in  Guilderland.  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly  in  1865 
and  1866;  and  surrogate  of  Kings  county 
from  1867  to  1877.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

VEHSLAGE,  JOHN  H.  G.,  soldier,  busi 
ness   man,   congressman,   was    born    Dec. 
20,   1842,   in   New  York  city.     In   1863  he 
joined  the  third  cav 
alry,  national  guard, 
^Mp^k  state   of    New   York, 

f*  and  was  commission 

ed    captain    by   Gov- 
'-.    „  ernor     Seymour     in 

1864.  In  1876  he  was 
appointed  inspector 
of  rifle  practice  with 
the  rank  of  captain. 

^•^j  !    and      continued      in 

^•^    service    until       1880. 
^  ^m    when    the    regiment . 

was  mustered  out  of 

service  by  Governor  Cornell;  remained  as 
supernumerary  until  1883.  He  was  elected 
and  served  as  member  of  assembly  from 
the  first  assembly  district,  New  York 
city,  in  the  year  1894;  was  at  the  demo 
cratic  state  convention  held  at  Buffalo; 
was  appointed  a  presidential  elector,  but 
resigned  on  account  of  receiving  the  nomi 
nation  for  congress.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

VENABLE,  ABRAHAM  B.,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1760  in  Prince  Edward  county,  Va.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1791  to  1799,  and  was  a  sena 
tor  of  the  United  States  from  1803  to 
1804.  He  died  Dec.  26,  1811,  in  Richmond, 
Va. 

VENABLE,  ABRAHAM  WOODSON, 
soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  17,  1799.  in  Prince  Edward  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1832  and  1836,  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1847  to  1853.  He  took  part  in  the  rebel 
lion  of  1861,  as  a  member  of  the  so- 
called  confederate  congress,  having  pre 
viously  been  elected  a  presidential  elec 
tor.  He  died  Feb.  28,  1876,  in  Oxford, 
N.  C. 

VENABLE,  CHARLES  SCOTT,  soldier, 
educator,  author,  was  born  April  19,  1827, 
in  Prince  Edward  county,  Va.  He  is  a 
Confederate  army  officer,  professor  of 
mathematics  in  the  University  of  Virginia 
from  1865,  and  author  of  a  series  of  popu 
lar  mathematical  text-books. 


VENABLE,  FRANK  PRESTON,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1856,  in 
Longwood,  Va.  He  is  a  professor  of  chem 
istry  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina 
from  1880,  and  the  author  of  A  Short 
Course  in  Qualitative  Analysis;  and  The 
Development  of  the  Periodic  Law. 

VENABLE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  educat 
or,  author,  poet,  was  born  April  29,  1836, 
in  Warren  county,  Ohio.  He  is  an  edu 
cator  and  litterateur  of  Cincinnati,  and 
the  author  or"  School  History  of  the  United 
States;  Footprints  of  the  Pioneers  in  the 
Ohio  Valley;  The  Beginnings  of  Literary 
Culture  in  the  Ohio  Valley;  Let  Him 
First  be  a  Man,  a  collection  of  essays  on 
education.  His  writings  in  verse  include, 
June  on  the  Miami,  and  Other  Poems; 
and  The  Melodies  of  the  Heart. 

VENTING,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  lecturer,  was  born  May  19,  1863,  in 
Wellington,  England.  This  eminent  cler- 

gyman  of  the  baptist 

church    now    fills    a 
pastorate  in  Denison, 
Iowa.     At  the  age  of 
fifteen  he  engaged  in 
e\angelistic    work, 
% ,          and    has    ever    since 
been       devoted       to 
Christian     labor     in 
k  England   and   in  the 

^A*  ^k  United  States.  He  is 
j^fl  ^^^^  the  author  of  several 

£^  £||B  books,  the  most  not 
ed  of  which  are  Frag 
rant  Flowers  of  Truth;  Ancient  Emblem 
of  Beauty;  and  The  Different  Aspects  of 
the  Christian  Life.  He  is  also  a  success 
ful  lecturer,  and  known  as  one  of  Iowa's 
brightest  young  divines  and  zealous  work 
ers. 

VER  BRYCK,  CORNELIUS,  artist,  was 
born  Jan.  1,  1813,  in  Yaugh  Paugh,  N.  J. 
The  New  York  Historical  society  owns  his 
The  Old  Dutch  Bible.  Among  his  por 
traits  is  one  of  William  Cullen  Bryant. 
He  died  May  31,  1844,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

VERDI,  TULLIO  SUZZARA,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1829,  in  Italy. 
He  is  a  homoeopathic  physician  practicing 
in  Washington  from  1857,  and  the  author 
of  Maternity;  Mothers  and  Daughters; 
The  Infant  Philosopher;  and  Special  Di 
agnosis  for  Popular  Use. 

VERB,  MAXIMILIAN,  scholar,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1820,  in  Sweden.  He  has 
published  Outlines  of  Comparative  Philo 
logy;  Grammar  of  the  Spanish  Language; 
Stray  Leaves  from  the  Book  of  Nature; 
Studies  in  English;  First  French  Read 
er;  Grammar  in  French  (1867);  The 
Great  Empress,  a  novel;  Wonders  of  the 
Deep;  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 
French;  Romance  of  American  History; 
Americanisms,  or  the  English  of  the 
New  World;  and  other  works. 

VERMILYE,  ASHBEL  GREEN,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1822  in  Prince 
ton,  N.  J.  Having  been  appointed  chap 
lain  of  the  Marine  hospital  Antwerp,  Bel 
gium,  he  went  to  that  country  in  March, 
1879.  Among  other  sermons  he  published 
Historical  Sermon  at  Centennial  of  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  Newburyport. 

VERNON,  JANE  MARCHANT  FISHER, 
actress,  was  born  in  1796  in  England. 
She  became  attached  to  the  Old  Chat 
ham  theater,  and  in  1830  to  the  Park, 
where  she  remained  till  1847,  and  gained 
great  popularity.  She  was  long  connected 
with  Wallack's  company,  making  her  last 
appearance  as  Mrs.  Sutcliffe  in  School  in 
1869.  She  died  June  4,  1869,  in  New  York 
city. 

VERPLANCK,  DANIEL  CROMMELIN, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1761  in  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.  He  was 


a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1802  to  1809;  and  subsequently 
served  for  many  years  as  judge  of  the 
county  court  of  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y., 
resigning  in  1828.  He  died  March  29, 
1S34,  near  Fishkill,  N.  Y. 

VERPLANCK,  GULIAN  CROMMELIN, 
state  legislator,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  6,  1786,  in  New  York  city.  In  1820 
he  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  New 
York  legislature.  He  soon  after  became 
professor  of  the  evidences  of  Christian 
ity  in  the  Theological  seminary  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  New  York. 
From  1825  to  1833  he  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  the  city  of  New  York;  and 
was  afterwards,  for  several  years,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  senate.  He  was  a 
Shakespearean  scholar  whose  carefully 
edited  Shakespeare  appeared  in  1846.  He 
was  the  author  of  Essays  on  Revealed  Re 
ligion;  Discourses  on  American  History, 
Art  and  Literature;  Discourses  and  Ad 
dresses;  Essay  on  the  Doctrine  of  Con 
trasts;  and  The  Bucktail  Bards.  He  died 
March  18,  1870,  in  New  York  city. 

VERPLANCK,  ISAAC  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1812,  in  Coeymans,  N. 
Y.  He  went  to  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in  1847,  was 
elected  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
that  city  in  1854,  and  twice  re-elected,  and 
by  the  choice  of  his  associates  was  made 
chief.  He  died  April  16,  1873,  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. 

VERREE,  JOHN  P.,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1819  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Phila 
delphia  select  council  for  six  years;  and 
four  years  the  presiding  officer  of  that 
body.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-sixth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thir 
ty-seventh  congress. 

VERREN,  ANTOINE,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1801,  in  France. 
In  1831,  by  appointment,  he  revised  and 
corrected  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 
He  died  March  17,  1874,  in  New  York  city. 

VERRILL,  ADDISON  EMORY,  educat 
or,  scientist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1839, 
in  Greenwood,  Maine.  In  1862  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  Lawrence  Scientific  school 
and  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from 
Yale  college.  For  two  years  he  remained 
at  Cambridge  as  an  assistant  of  Louis 
Agassiz;  and  since  1864  has  been  profes 
sor  of  zoology  in  Yale  university,  and 
an  instructor  in  geology  for  twenty-three 
years.  Since  its  foundation  in  1875  he 
has  also  been  curator  of  the  zoological 
department  of  the  Peabody  museum.  He 
was  special  assistant  on  United  States 
fish  commission  in  charge  of  scientific  ex 
plorations  and  marine  invertebrates  from 
1871  to  1888. 

VERTIN,  JOHN,  bishop,  was  born  July 
17,  1844,  in  Austria.  In  1863  he  emigrated 
to  the  United  States,  and  two  years  later 
was  ordained  a 
priest,  and  was 
placed  in  charge  of 
the  Mission  church 
of  Houghton,  Michi 
gan.  After  five  years 
spent  there  he  la 
bored  for  eight  years 
among  the  Catholics 
of  Negaunee.  In 
1879  he  was  conse 
crated  bishop  of 
Marquette  and  Sault 
de  Ste.  Marie,  and 
has  sixty  priests  under  his  care.  He  has 
built  St.  Peter's  cathedral  of  Marquette, 
which  is  one  of  the  finest  cathedrals  in 
America;  and  established  numerous 
churches. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


963 


VERY,  FRANK  W.,  educator,  astrono 
mer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1852,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  was  astronomer  at  the 
Allegheny  observatory  for  over  seventeen 
years;  and  is  now  professor  of  astronomy 
in  the  Brown  university  of  Providence, 
R.  I.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  as 
tronomical  works,  and  has  contributed 
valuable  articles  to  current  scientific  jour 
nals. 

VERY,  JONES,  clergyman,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  28,  1813,  in  Salem,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  living  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  who  must  be  accounted  aa 
one  of  the  most  purely  spiritual  of  Ameri 
can  poets.  His  Essays  and  Poems  ap 
peared  in  1839,  the  poems  including  fifty 
sonnets  on  the  Shakespearean  model  re 
markable  for  their  extreme  delicacy  and 
purity  of  conception.  A  fuller  edition  of 
the  Poems  alone  appeared  in  3883,  and  a 
complete  and  revised  edition  of  Poems  and 
Essays  in  1886.  He  died  May  8,  1880,  in 
Salem,  Mass. 

VERY,  LYDIA  LOUISA  ANNA,  educat 
or,  author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1823,  in 
Salem.  Mass.  She  was  for  many  years  a 
teacher  in  Salem  and  is  the  author  of 
Poems  and  Prose  Writings. 

VESSELS,  WILLIAM  GREENE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1847,  in 
Manton,  Ky.  He  is  a  successful  clergy 
man  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
of  Newtown,  Ind.  He  is  the  author  of  two 
books  entitled  Trowel  and  Sword,  a  tem 
perance  work;  and  Trio,  a  religious  work. 

VEST,  EMMONS  RUTLEDGE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  4,  1852,  in 
Holman,  Ind.  He  received  his  degrees  of 
A.  B.  and  A.  M.  from  the  De  Pauw  uni 
versity;  and  for  two  years  was  professor 
of  history  and  English  in  that  institu 
tion.  In  1883  he  entered  the  ministry  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  has 
since  filled  pastorates  in  the  Indiana  con 
ference.  He  is  the  author  of  Columbia's 
Tomorrow;  Religion  in  Civilization; 
Higher  Citizenship;  and  other  works. 

VEST,  GEORGE  GRAHAM,  lawyer, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born-  Dec.  6,  1830,  in  Frankfort,  Ky.  In 
1853  he  removed  to  Missouri  and  began 
the  practice  of  law  in  Central  Missouri. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  dem 
ocratic  ticket  in  1860;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Missouri  house  of  representa 
tives  in  3860-61.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  representatives  of  the  Con 
federate  congress  for  two  years  and  a 
member  of  the  Confederate  senate  for  one 
year.  He  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  as  a  democrat  to  fill  a  vacancy  and 
took  his  seat  March  18,  1879.  He  was 
re-elected  in  1885,  1890,  and  1897.  His 
term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1903. 

VETHAKE,  HENRY,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1792,  in  Essequilo  county,  B. 
G.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  educator  who 
was  professor  in  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania  from  1836,  and  provost  in  1854. 
He  was  the  author  of  Principles  of  Po 
litical  Economy.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1866, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

VETROMILE,  EUGENE,  missionary, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1819,  in  Italy. 
He  was  a  noted  Italian  Jesuit  missionary 
long  resident  among  the  Penobscot  In 
dians,  and  the  author  of  Travels  in  Eu 
rope,  etc.;  The  Abenaki  and  Their  His 
tory;  and  several  works  in  the  Abenaki 
language.  He  died  Aug.  21,  1880,  in  Italy. 

VEYSEY,  ARTHUR  HENRY,  author, 
was  born  in  1869  in  England.  He  is  a 
writer  of  New  York  city,  and  the  author 
of  A  Cheque  for  Three  Thousand,  a  novel. 


VEZIN,  HERMANN,  actor,  was  born 
March  29,  1829,  in  Philadelphia.  He  was 
successful  in  The  Man  o'  Airlie;  The 
Rightful  Heir;  Life  for  Life;  and  various 
comedies,  new  and  old,  and  in  1875  added 
greatly  to  his  reputation  by  his  render 
ing  of  Jacques  in  As  You  Like  It. 

VIBBARD,  CHAUNCEY,  railroad  super 
intendent,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  11, 
1811,  in  Galway,  N.  Y.  In  1848  he  became 
the  superintendent  of  the  Utica  and  Sche- 
nectady  Railway  company,  and  was  after 
wards  called  to  the  same  position  in  the 
New  York  Central  Railway  company,  in 
which  capacity  he  continued  until  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress. 

VICK,  JAMES,  horticulturist,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1818,  in  England.  In  1855  he  en 
gaged  in  the  novel  enterprise  of  retailing 
seeds  through  the  medium  of  the  U.  S. 
mails.  He  developed  new  varieties  of 
plants  by  cultivation  or  cross-fertiliza 
tion,  notably  double  phlox,  white  gladio 
lus,  and  fringed  petunia.  He  died  May 
16,  1882,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

'VICKERS,  GEORGE,  soldier,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  19, 
1801,  in  Chestertown,  Md.  In  1836  he  was 
an  elector  of  the  state  senate  of  Mary 
land;  and  in  1864  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Maryland 
state  senate  in  1866  and  1867,  and  in  1868 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Maryland,  for  the  term  ending  in  1873,  to 
fill  a  vacancy.  At  the  commencement  of 
the  rebellion  he  received  the  appointment 
of  major-general  of  the  Maryland  militia. 
He  died  Oct.  8,  1879,  in  Chestertown,  Md. 

VICKERS,  GEORGE  M.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  8,  1841,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
works;  among  his  best  known  are  Lost  in 
the  Mountains;  The  Felon's  Wife;  Rode 
rick  Lee;  The  Pilot  Bride;  and  numerous 
others.  He  has  also  written  a  number  of 
short  comedies  as  Dorothy  Clyde  and  The 
Public  Worrier. 

VICTOR,  MRS.  FRANCES  AURETTA 
[FULLER]  [BARRETT],  author,  was 
born  May  23,  1826,  in  Rome,  N.  Y.  She 
is  the  author  of  The  River  of  the  West; 
All  Over  Oregon;  The  New  Penelope,  and 
Other  Stories;  and  Atlantis  Arisen. 

VICTOR,  MRS.  METTA  VICTORIA 
[FULLER],  author,  poet,  was  born  March 
2,  1831,  near  Erie,  Pa.  She  was  a  novel 
ist  and  poet  of  New  York  city,  and  the 
author  of  Fresh  Leaves  from  Western 
Woods;  Last  Days  of  Tul,  a  Yucatan 
romance;  The  Senator's  Son,  a  plea  for 
the  Maine  Law;  Two  Mormon  Wives; 
The  Gold  Hunters;  Miss  Slimmens'  Win 
dow,  and  Other  Papers;  Uncle  Ezekiel; 
Too  True;  Alice  Wilde;  The  Backwoods 
Bride;  Maum  Guinea;  Jo  Javiess's  Client; 
The  Dead  Letter;  Figure  Eight;  Passing 
the  Portal;  Blunders  of  a  Bashful  Man; 
The  Bad  Boy's  Diary;  The  Naughty  Girl's 
Diary;  and  The  Rasher  Family.  Her  poem 
Compound  Interest  is  still  quoted.  She 
died  in  1885. 

VICTOR,  ORVILLE  JAMES,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1827,  in  San- 
dusky,  Ohio.  He  is  an  author  and  editor 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  the  Southern  Rebellion;  Incidents 
and  Anecdotes  of  the  War;  and  History 
of  American  Conspiracies. 

VIDEL,  MICHEL,  journalist,  diplomat, 
congressman,  was  born  in  France.  In 
1867  he  started,  in  Opelousas,  La.,  a  paper 
called  the  St.  Landry  Progress.  He  was 
afterwards  appointed  a  registrar  for  the 
city  of  New  Orleans.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Louisiana  to  the  for 
tieth  congress,  and  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  consul  at  Tripoli. 


VIELE,  EGBERT  LUDOVICKUS,  mili 
tary  engineer,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  June  17,  1825,  in  Waterford,  N.  Y. 
.  He  is  a  military  en 
gineer  who  served  in 
the  civil  war,  and  be 
came  park  commis 
sioner  of  New  York 
city  in  1883.  He  was 
elected  a  represen 
tative  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress.  He 
is  the  author  of 
Handbook  for  Active 
Service;  Topographi 
cal  Atlas  of  New 
York  City.  Besides 
his  published  works  he  has  been  a  regu 
lar  contributor  to  various  magazines  and 
scientific  papers  of  the  United  States. 

VIGNAUD,  JEAN  HENRY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1830,  in  New  Or 
leans,  La.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  as 
sistant  secretary  of  the  Confederate  diplo 
matic  commission  in  Paris.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  History  of  the  Formation  of 
the  American  Union;  and  a  History  of  the 
Discovery  and  Occupation  of  the  Territory 
of  the  United  States. 

VILAS,  WILLIAM  FREEMAN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  July  9,  1840,  in  Chelsea,  Mass. 
He  removed  with  his 
father's  family  to 
Wisconsin  and  set 
tled  at  Madison  June 
4,  1851.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  the  State 
University  in  1858, 
and  from  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Albany,  N. 
Y.,  in  1860.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
by  the  supreme  court 
of  New  York  and  by 
the  supreme  court  of  Wisconsin  in  the 
same  year,  and  began  the  practice  of  law 
at  Mauison  in  1860.  He  was  captain  of 
company  A,  twenty-third  regiment  Wis 
consin  infantry  volunteers,  and  after 
wards  major  and  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
regiment.  He  has  been  one  of  the  pro 
fessors  of  law  of  the  law  department  of 
the  state  university  since  1868,  omitting 
four  years,  1885  to  1889,  and  was 
one  of  the  regents  of  the  university 
from  1880  to  1885.  He  was  one  of 
three  revisers  appointed  by  the  supreme 
court  of  Wisconsin  in  1875  who  prepared 
the  existing  revised  body  of  the  statute 
law  adopted  in  1878;  and  was  a  member 
of  assembly  in  the  Wisconsin  legislature 
in  1885.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  demo 
cratic  national  conventions  of  1876,  1880 
and  1884,  and  permanent  chairman  of  the 
latter.  He  was  postmaster-general  from 
3885  to  1888,  and  secretary  of  the  interior 
from  the  latter  date  to  1889.  He  receive'd 
the  unanimous  nomination  of  the  demo 
cratic  legislative  caucus  and  was  elected 
United  States  senator  Jan.  28,  1891,  and 
took  his  seat  March  4,  1891. 

VILLARD,  HENRY,  journalist,  finan 
cier,  was  born  April  11,  1835,  in  Germany. 
He  subsequently  became  the  European 
correspondent  of  the  New  York  Tribune. 
In  1870  he  engaged  in  Germany  in  the 
negotiation  of  American  railway  securi 
ties.  Representing  clients,  he  gained  con 
trol  of  the  Oregon  Steamship  company 
and  other  transportation  routes  of  which 
he  was  made  president  in  1875. 

VILLEPIGUE,  JOHN  BORDENAVE, 
soldier,  was  born  July  2.  1830,  in  Camden, 
S.  C.  He  joined  the  Confederate  army, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  major-general. 
He  died  Nov.  9,  1862,  in  Port  Hudson,  La. 


964 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


VILLERE,  JAMES  PHILIP,  became 
governor  of  Louisiana  in  1817.  He  was  a 
soldier  and  participated  in  the  battle  of 
New  Orleans  as  major-general  of  the 
state  militia.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  of  1812  which  framed  the  first 
constitution  of  the  state  of  Louisiana. 
He  died  March  7,  1830,  on  his  plantation, 
full  of  years  and  honors. 

VILLERE,  JAQUEZ,  soldier,  governor, 
was  born  April  28,  1761,  near  New  Or 
leans,  La.  He  was  major  of  volunteers 
under  General  Jackson  in  the  battle  of 
New  Orleans  in  1814  and  1815;  and  was 
governor  of  Louisiana  from  1816  to  1820. 
He  died  in  1831,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

VINCENT,  ALBERT  OLIVER,  soldier, 
was  born  Feb.  7,  1442,  in  Cadiz,  Ohio.  He 
served  as  major  of  the  fourth  Arkansas 
cavalry  in  1864-65,  and  was  retired  from 
active  service  in  1869.  He  died  Dec.  9, 
1882,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

VINCENT  BOYD,  protestant  episcopal 
bishop  was 'born  May  18,  1845,  in  Erie, 
Pa.  He  was  elected  bishop  of  Delaware 
in  1887  by  the  clergy,  but  was  not  con 
firmed  by  the  laity,  and  in  1888  was 
chosen  assistant  bishop  of  southern  Ohio. 

VINCENT,  FRANCIS,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  17,  1822,  in  Eng 
land  He  was  a  journalist  of  Wilmington, 
Del  who  published  A  History  of  Dela 
ware.  He  died  June  23,  1884,  in  Wil 
mington,  Del. 

VINCENT,  FRANK,  traveler,  author, 
was  born  April  2,  1848,  in  Brooklyn,  N. 
Y  He  is  a  traveler  of  note,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Land  of  the  White  Elephant; 
Norsk,  Lapp,  and  Finn;  Through  and 
Through  the  Tropics;  The  Republics  of 
South  America;  Around  and  About  South 
America;  In  and  Out  of  Central  Amer 
ica;  Actual  Africa;  and  Lady  of  Cawn- 
pore,  a  novel. 

VINCENT  JOHN  HEYL,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1832,  in  Tusca- 
loosa,  Ala.  He  is  a  methodist  bishop  now 
living  at  Topeka,  of  much  prominence  as 
the  founder  of  the  celebrated  Chautauqua 
movement  in  1878.  He  is  the  author  of 
Studies  in  Young  Life;  The  Modern  Sun 
day  School;  Little  Footprints  in  Bible 
Lands;  Earthly  Footsteps  of  the  Man  of 
Galilee;  Better  Not;  The  Chautauqua 
Movement;  To  Old  Bethlehem;  Our  Own 
Church;  Outline  History  of  Greece;  and 
Outline  History  of  Rtime. 

VINCENT,  JOSHUA  WILLIAM,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  May  14,  1859,  in 
Jackson,  Miss.  He  has  been  editor  and 
owner  of  the  Reveille  of  Linn  Creek.  Mo.; 
and  for  many  years  published  the  Tribune 
and  other  newspapers.  He  has  contribu 
ted  both  prose  and  verse  extensively  to 
current  literature;  and  is  the  author  of  a 
History  of  Camden  County,  Mo. 

VINCENT,  MARVIN  RICHARDSON, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  11,  1834,  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  He 
is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  New 
York  city,  and  professor  in  Union  sem 
inary  from  1888.  He  is  the  author 
of  Faith  and  Character;  Student's 
Handbook  of  the  Topics  and  Liter 
ature  of  New  Testament  Introduction: 
Word  Studies  in  the  New  Testament; 
Stranger  and  Guest;  Gates  into  the  Psalm 
Country;  Amusement  a  Force  in  Christian 
Training;  The  Two  Prodigals;  The  Minis 
ter's  Handbook;  What  Is  It  To  Believe?; 
God  and  Bread;  The  Covenant  of  Peace; 
The  Law  of  Sowing  and  Reaping;  Bible 
Inspiration  and  Christ;  That  Monster,  the 
Higher  Critic;  Christ  as  a  Teacher;  In  the 
Shadow  of  the  Pyrenees,  from  Basque 
Land  to  Carcassonne;  and  The  Age  of 
Hildebrand. 


VINCENT,  STRONG,  soldier,  was  born 
June  17,  1837,  in  Waterford,  Pa.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war,  attaining  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general. 

VINCENT,  THOMAS  McCURDY,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1832,  in 
Cadiz,  Ohio.  He  is  an  army  officer  who 
has  published  The  Military  Power  of  the 
United  States  during  the  War  of  the  Re 
bellion. 

VINCENT,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Jan.  1,  1857,  in  Wheeling,  Va. 
He  moved  to  New  Mexico,  and  was  ap 
pointed  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  New  Mexico  by  President  Cleveland; 
subsequently  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  New  Mexico  Bar  association  and  re 
ceived  the  democratic  nomination  for  con 
gress.  He  declined  the  nomination  for 
congress,  returned  to  Springfield,  and  in 
1889  moved  to  Chicago.  He  was  attorney 
for  the  company  which  built  the  Ferris 
wheel  for  the  world's  fair;  and  was  the 
leading  counsel  for  the  defense  in  the 
famous  Luetgert  case. 

VINCENT,  WILLIAM  D.,  merchant, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  11, 
1852,  near  Dresden,  Tenn.  In  1862  he 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Kansas;  and 
received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  and  in  the  state  agricultural  col 
lege.  He  has  been  the  nominee  of  his 
party  for  lieutenant-governor,  and  also 
for  governor;  was  a  member  of  the  state 
board  of  railroad  commissioners  in  1893- 
94;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  populist. 

VINGUT,  FRANCISCO  JAVIER,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1823  in  Cuba. 
He  is  a  Cuban  educator,  after  1848  a  resi 
dent  of  New  York,  and  professor  of  Span 
ish  in  the  university  of  the  city  of  New 
York.  He  is  the  author  of  Spanish  Gram 
mar;  and  Spanish  and  English  Phrase 
Book. 

VINGUT,  MRS.  GERTRUDE,  author, 
was  born  about  1830  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Her  first  work  was  Irene,  or  the  Autobiog 
raphy  of  an  Artist's  Daughter.  She  edited 
Gems  of  Spanish  Poetry,  in  conjunction 
with  her  husband,  and  afterward  pub 
lished  two  novels  entitled  Madeline;  and 
Naomi  Torrente,  the  History  of  a  Wo 
man. 

VINING,  JOHN,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1758, 
in  Dover,  Del.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1784  to  1786; 
was  a  representative  in  congress,  from 
Delaware,  from  1789  to  1792;  and  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  1795  to  1798, 
when  he  resigned.  He  died  in  February, 
1802,  in  Dover,  Del. 

VINJE,  A.  J.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
Nov.  10,  1857,  in  Norway.  In  1891  he 
moved  to  West  Superior,  Wis.;  and  since 
1895  has  been  judge  of  the  eleventh  ju 
dicial  circuit  of  Wisconsin. 

VINTON,  ALEXANDER  HAMILTON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  May  2,  1807, 
in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  an  episco 
pal  clergyman  of 
Boston,  prominent 
as  a  low  churchman, 
and  the  author  of 
Bohlen  Lectures  for 
1877;  Sermons.  He 
declined  the  office  of 
bishop  of  Texas  in 
1857;  was  voted  for 
in  the  Pennsylvania 
convention  in  1862; 
and  was  nearly  elect 
ed  by  that  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1873.  He 
died  April  28,  1881,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


VINTON,  ARTHUR  DUDLEY,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1852,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  novelist 
of  New  York  city  and  the  author  of  The 
Pomfret  Mystery;  and  The  Unpardonable 
Sin. 

VINTON,  CALESTA  HOLMAN,  mis 
sionary,  author,  was  born  in  1809,  in 
Union,  Conn.  She  was  successful  in 
teaching  the  Karen  women,  and  was  the 
author  of  several  hymn-books  in  their 
language.  She  died  Dec.  20,  1864,  in  Bur- 
mah. 

VINTON,  DAVID  HAMMOND,  soluier, 
was  born  May  4,  1803,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
In  1864  he  was  brevetted,  for  faithful  and 
meritorious  services,  colonel  and  briga 
dier-general.  In  1866  he  became  assistant 
quartermaster-general,  and  in  the  same 
year  was  placed  upon  the  retired  list.  He 
died  Feb.  21,  J873,  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

VINTON,  FRANCIS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  29,  1809,  in  Providence,  R. 
I.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  New 
York  city,  rector  of  Trinity  church  in 
1855-72,  and  the  author  of  Arthur  Tre- 
maine,  or  Annals  of  Cadet  Life;  Evidences 
of  Christianity;  and  Manual  Commentary 
on  the  General  Canon  Law  of  the  Episco 
pal  Church.  He  died  Sept.  28,  is/2,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

VINTON,  FRANCIS  LAURENS,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  in  1835  in  Maine.  He 
was  an  officer  in  the  federal  army  during 
the  civil  war  who  rose  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general,  and  the  author  of  The 
Guardian,  a  poem;  Lectures  on  Machines; 
and  Theory  of  the  Strength  of  Materials. 
He  died  in  1879. 

VINTON,  FREDERIC,  bibliographer, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1817,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1865  he  became  first  assistant 
in  the  library  of  congress,  and  held  the 
post  eight  years.  He  there  prepared  six 
annual  supplements  to  the  Alphabetical 
Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  and 
the  Index  of  Subjects.  In  1873  he  became 
librarian  of  Princeton  college,  of  whose 
library  he  printed  the  Subject  Catalogue. 
He  died  Jan.  1,  1890,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

VINTON,  FREDERIC  PORTER,  artist, 
was  born  Jan.  29,  1846,  in  Bangor,  Maine. 
He  has  attained  eminence  as  a  portrait 
painter.  He  received  the  gold  medal  at 
the  World's  Columbian  exposition;  and  a 
gold  medal  at  the  Atlanta  exposition. 

VINTON,  JOHN  ADAMS,  clergyman, 
genealogist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1801, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregation 
al  clergyman  and  genealogist;  and  the 
author  of  The  Vinton  Memorial;  The 
Symmes  Memorial;  The  Giles  Memorial; 
and  The  Sampson  Family  in  America.  He 
died  Nov.  13,  1877,  in  Winchester,  Mass. 

VINTON,  SAMUEL  FINLEY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1792,  in 
South  Hadley,  Mass.  He  was  first  elected 
a  representative  in  congress  in  1823  from 
Ohio;  and  served  fourteen  years,  when  he 
declined  a  re-election.  He  was  again 
elected  in  1843,  and  served  eight  years  in 
succession,  when  he  again  declined  a  re 
election.  In  1840  he  was  a  presidential 
elector;  and  in  1862  was  appointed  a  com 
missioner  under  the  act  emancipating  the 
slaves  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  He 
died  May  11,  1862,  in  Washington. 

VIRGIN.  WILLIAM  WIRT,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  in  September,  1823.  in  Rum- 
ford,  Maine.  He  was  a  jurist  who  was 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Maine; 
and  the  author  of  The  Maine  Civil  Of 
ficer;  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Su- 
r/reme  Judicial  Court  of  Maine;  and  Law 
and  Equity  Reports.  He  died  in  1893. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


965 


VISSCHER,  WILLIAM  L.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Nov.  25,  1842,  in  Owingsvnle, 
Ky.  He  has  written  more  than  a  thou 
sand  poems,  and  his  masterpiece  entitled 
Black  Mammy,  a  song  of  the  sunny  south, 
appeared  in  book-form  in  1886,  together 
with  other  miscellaneous  poems  from  his 
pen. 

VITTUM,  EDMUND  MARCH,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1855, 
in  Sandwich,  N.  H.  This  eminent  congre 
gational  clergyman 
has  published  three 
books  entitled 
Church  Festival  in 
the  Meeting  House; 
Faith  on  the  Fron 
tier;  and.  Head  of 
the  Firm.  He  is  a 
noted  clergyman  of 
Grinnell,  Iowa;  and 
a  valuable  contribu 
tor  to  religious  pub 
lications.  His  poems 
have  been  a  valuable 
acquisition  to  literature,  and  have  been 
incorporated  into  several  standard  collec 
tions. 

VOGDES,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1802,  in  Phila 
delphia.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  educator 
of  Philadelphia;  and  the  author  of  United 
States  Arithmetic;  and  Elementary  Trea 
tise  on  Mensuration.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1886, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

VOGELGESANG,  JACOB  GEORGE, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  April 
3,  1853,  near  Canton,  Ohio.  He  has  held 
several  public  positions  in  Tazewell  coun 
ty,  111.;  and  is  now  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Russell,  Kan.  He  has  been  judge  of 
the  probate  court  for  five  terms;  and 
served  with  distinction  as  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Kansas  state  legislature. 

V01GHT,  EDWARD  WILLIAM,  brewer, 
capitalist,  was  born  April  5,  1844,  in  Sax 
ony.  He  retains  the  general  management 
of  the  Voight  Brewing  company,  and  is 
now  president  of  the  Michigan  Sulphite 
Fibre  company;  vice-president  of  the  Ed 
ison  Illuminating  company  of  Detroit;  and 
the  Edison  Light  company  of  Grand  Rap 
ids. 

VOLK,  LEONARD  WELLS,  sculptor. 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1828,  in  Wellstown  (now 
Wells).  N.  Y.  In  1857  he  settled  in  Chi 
cago.  His  first  sitter  for  a  portrait-bust — 
the  first  that  was  ever  modeled  in  that 
city — was  his  patron,  and  he  subsequent 
ly,  in  1858,  made  a  life-size  statue  of  Mr. 
Douglas  in  marble. 

VOLK,  STEPHEN  ARNOLD  DOUG 
LAS,  artist,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1856,  in 
Pittsfield,  Mass.  In  1875  he  exhibited  at 
the  salon  In  Brittany,  and  his  Vanity  was 
at  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  exhibition 
of  1876.  His  other  important  works  are 
In  the  Studio;  The  Puritan  Maiden;  The 
Puritan  Captives;  Accused  of  Witchcraft; 
and  The  Bride. 

VOLLMERING,  JOSEPH,  artist,  was 
born  Aug.  27,  1810,  in  Westphalia.  He 
opened  a  studio  in  New  York  and  was 
elected  an  associate  member  of  the  Na 
tional  academy  in  1853.  Among  his  works 
are  Indian  Falls,  near  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.; 
View  on  the  Hudson;  Holy  Shrine  at 
Sunset;  and  Study  of  Trees.  He  died 
Sept.  24,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

VOORHEES,  CHARLES  STEWART, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  June  4, 
1853.  in  Covington,  Ind.  He  is  a  success 
ful  lawyer  of  Colfax,  Wash.  He  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney  for  Whitman 
county  in  1882,  and  served  until  1885; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-ninth,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 


VOORHEES,  DANIEL  WOLSEY,  law 
yer,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Sept.  26,  1827,  in  Butler  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  ap 
pointed  United  States 
district  attorney  for 
Indiana  in  1858,  and 
held  that  office  until 
he  entered  congress 
in  1861.  He  was 
elected  to  the  thirty- 
seventh,  thirty- 
eighth,  thirty-ninth, 
forty-first,  and  forty- 
second  congresses. 
He  was  appointed 
United  States  sena 
tor  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  took  his  seat 
Nov.  12,  1877.  Soon  after  entering 
the  senate  he  addressed  that  body  in  favor 
of  free  coinage  of  silver  and  the  preser\a- 
tion  of  the  greenback  currency  as  full  le 
gal-tender  money;  and  in  this  speech  he 
laid  down  the  principles  on  which  as  a 
direct  issue  the  state  of  Indiana  was  car 
ried  by  the  democratic  party  the  following 
year.  He  was  re-elected  in  1885,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1891. 

VOORHEES,  JACOB,  farmer,  legislator, 
was  born  May  25,  1841,  in  Glen,  N.  Y. 
He  has  been  regent  for  Oregon  State  Nor 
mal  school  and  for  the  State  Agricultural 
college.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Oregon  state  senate. 

VOORHIES,  JOHN  STEVENS,  pub 
lisher,  was  born  May  9,  1809,  in  New  York 
city.  He  projected  and  published  Sedg- 
wick  on  Damages;  Voorhies's  Code  of 
Civil  Procedure;  Burrill's  Voluntary  As 
signments;  Greenleaf's  Overruled  Cases; 
Burrill's  Circumstantial  Evidence;  Ab 
bott's  Digest;  Cleveland's  Banking  Laws; 
and  many  other  works.  He  died  Nov.  19, 
1865,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

VOORHIS,  CHARLES  HENRY,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  March  3,  1833,  in 
Spring  Valley,  N.  J.  He  graduated  at 
Rutgers  college,  New  Jersey,  in  1853;  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  as  an  attorney 
in  1856  and  as  counsellor  at  law  in  1859. 
He  was  appointed  in  1868  presiding  judge 
for  Bergen  county,  N.  J.,  by  Governor 
Ward;  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-sixth 
congress  as  a  republican.  For  fifty  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  bar  of  New  Jer 
sey;  was  a  pleasing  and  popular  speaker; 
manifested  superior  literary  ability,  and 
contributed  valuable  historical  data  of 
Bergen  and  Hudson  counties,  N.  J.  He 
died  April  15,  1896. 

VOS,  GEERHARDUS.  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1862  in  Holland. 
He  is  a  Dutch  clergyman,  professor  of 
biblical  theology  at  Princeton  seminary 
from  1894;  and  the  author  of  The  Mosaic 
Origin  of  the  Pentateuchal  Codes;  Die 
Kampfe  und  Streitigkeiten  zwischen  den 
Banu  Umajja  und  den  Banu  Haschim; 
The  Doctrine  of  the  Covenants  in  Reform 
ed  Theology;  and  Biblical  Theology  as  a 
Science  and  as  a  Discipline. 

VOSE,  GEORGE  LEONARD,  civil  engi 
neer,  educator,  author,  was  born  April  19, 
1831,  in  Augusta,  Maine.  He  is  a  civil 
engineer,  professor  in  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology  in  1881-86;  and 
the  author  of  Orographic  Geology;  Man 
ual  for  Railway  Engineers;  Bridge  Dis 
asters  in  America;  A  Graphic  Method  for 
Solving  Algebraic  Problems;  Elementary 
Course  of  Geometric  Drawing;  and  Life 
of  G.  W.  Whistler,  Civil  Engineer. 

VOSE.  JOHN,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1766  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was 
an  educator  of  Atkinson,  N.  H.,  prominent 
in  his  day;  and  the  author  of  System  of 
Astronomy;  and  Compendium  of  Astrono 
my.  He  died  in  1840. 


VOSE,  ROGER,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man.  He  was  for  many  years  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in  New 
Hampshire;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1813  to 
1817.  He  died  April  17,  1842. 

VOTAW,  ELIHU  HILLES,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  author,  poet,  was  born  June  21, 
1839,  in  Salem,  Ohio.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Amherst  college;  then 
engaged  in  teaching  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y. ; 
and  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  1874  he  was  or 
dained  a  clergyman  of  the  congregational 
church;  and  has  since  filled  pastorates 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio;  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  Ge 
neva,  Ohio;  Princeton,  111.;  and  is  now 
filling  a  pastorate  in  Anita,  Iowa.  He  is 
the  author  of  Pillars  and  Perils  of  the 
Republic,  and  other  works.  He  is  also  a 
brilliant  lecturer,  and  a  poet  of  acknowl 
edged  excellence. 

VOUGHT,  HARRY  DYER,  journalist, 
was  born  Aug.  14,  1849,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
For  three  years  he  was  president  of  the 
Buffalo  Press  club;  and  has  been  secre 
tary,  governor  and  president  of  the  Inter 
national  League  Press  clubs.  For  over 
twenty-one  years  he  was  connected  with 
the  Buffalo  Courier. 

VREDENBURGH,  PETER,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1805,  in  Reading- 
ton,  N.  J.  In  1837-52  he  was  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Monmouth  county,  N.  J.;  and 
in  1855-69  he  was  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  New  Jersey.  He  died 
March  24,  1873,  in  St.  Augustine,  Fla. 

VROOM,  ADELAIDE,  educator,  poet. 
She  has  attained  prominence  as  a  suc 
cessful  educator  of  Missouri;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems 
which  ha\e  appeared  in  western  publica 
tions  and  several  standard  collections. 

VROOM,  GARRET  DORSET  WALL, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1843,  in 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  and  is  the  son  of  the  late 
Governor  Vroom  of  New  Jersey.  Since 
1865  he  has  practiced  law  in  his  native 
city;  was  city  solicitor  in  1866-70,  and 
again  in  1874-76.  In  1870  he  was  prosecu 
tor  of  the  pleas  of  Mercer  county,  and  in 
1873  was  appointed  reporter  of  the  su 
preme  court.  During  1881-83  he  was  may 
or  of  Trenton;  and  became  president  of 
the  board  of  public  works.  He  was  co- 
editor  of  the  Revision  of  the  Statutes  of 
New  Jersey,  and  also  of  the  General 
Statutes  of  New  Jersey. 

VROOM,  PETER  DUMONT,  congress 
man,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1791,  in 
Hillsborough  township,  N.  J.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  New  Jersey  from  1829  to  1836; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1839  to  1841.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1844;  in  1852  was  a  presidential 
elector;  in  1853  was  appointed  minister  to 
Prussia;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  peace 
congress  of  1861.  He  died  Nov.  18,  1873, 
in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

"VROOM,  PETER  DUMONT,  soldier, 
was  born  April  18,  1842,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 
He  served  in  the  civil  war,  was  promoted 
major  of  the  second  New  Jersey  cavalry 
in  1863,  and  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel 
and  colonel  of  volunteers  for  meritorious 
services  during  the  war.  He  became  first 
lieutenant  in  the  third  United  States  cav 
alry  in  1866.  • 

VROOMAN,  HARRY  CHASE,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  was  born  April  13,  1864,  in 
Port  Huron,  Mich.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Washburn  college  of  Topeka, 
Kan.,  and  graduated  from  the  Harvard 
college.  For  four  years  he  taught  school; 
and  for  several  years  was  a  reporter  on 
the  Topeka  Daily  Journal.  He  has  at 
tained  eminence  as  a  clergyman  of  the 


966 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


congregational  church;  has  lectured  from 
Maine  to  California,  and  from  the  lakes 
to  the  gulf  on  sociological  topics.  He  is 
one  of  six  brothers,  all  noted  as  socio 
logical  or  progressive  theological  clergy 
men  and  lecturers;  and  sons  of  Judge  H. 
P.  Vrooman  of  Kansas  City. 

WACKERHAGEN,  AUGUSTUS,  was 
born  May  22,  1774,  in  Germany.  He  was  a 
lutheran  clergyman  of  Columbia  county, 
N.  Y.;  and  the  author  of  Inbegriff  des 
Glaubens  und  Sittenlehre.  He  died  Nov. 
1,  1865,  in  Clermont,  N.  Y. 

WADDELL,  ALFRED  MOORE,  soldier, 
lawyer  journalist,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  16,  1834,  in  Hillsborough,  N.  C.  He 
served  in  the  confederate  army  as  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  cavalry.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-second,  forty-third,  forty-fourth, 
and  forty-fifth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

WADDELL,  HUGH,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1734  in  Ireland.  He  was  lieutenant  in 
Colonel  James  Innes's  regiment  in  the 
Virginia  campaign  of  1754,  became  captain 
in  1755,  built  Fort  Dobbs,  and  commanded 
there  in  1756-57.  He  became  colonel 
in  1759.  In  1771  he  commanded  the 
expedition  -against  the  regulators  with 
the  rank  of  major-general.  He  died  April 
9,  1773,  in  Castle  Haynes,  N.  C. 

WADDELL,  HUGH,  lawyer,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  in  1799  in  Newfields,  N.  C. 
He  represented  Orange  county  in  the  leg 
islature  in  1828;  was  speaker  of  the  North 
Carolina  state  senate  in  1836-37,  and  again 
a  member  of  that  body  in  1844-46.  He 
died  Nov.  1,  1878,  in  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

WADDELL,  JAMES,  clergyman,  was 
born  July  29,  1739.  He  was  blind,  and  the 
original  subject  of  William  Wirt's  beau 
tiful  sketch  of  The  Blind  Preacher.  He 
died  Sept.  17,  1805,  in  Virginia. 

WADDELL.  JOHN  NEWTON,  educator, 
was  born  Apru  2,  1812,  in  Willington,  S. 
C.  In  1865-74  he  was  chancellor  of  the 
university  of  Mississippi,  and  in  1879-88 
he  occupied  the  same  post  in  the  South 
western  Presbyterian  university,  Clarks- 
vllle,  Tenn.  Since  1874  he  has  been  secre 
tary  of  the  board  of  ministerial  education 
of  the  southern  presbyterian  church. 

WADDELL,  MOSES,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  July  29,  1770,  in  Ro 
wan  county,  N.  C.  In  1819-29  he  was 
president  of  the  university  of  Georgia.  He 
published  Memoirs  of  Miss  Catherine  Eli 
zabeth  Smelt.  He  died  July  21,  1840,  in 
Athens,  Ga. 

WADDELL,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1864,  in 
Crittenden  county,  Ky.  This  able  lawyer 
of  Jasper,  Tenn.,  has  been  county  attor 
ney,  and  served  two  terms  in  the  Ten 
nessee  state  legislature. 

WADDILL,  EDMUND,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
May  22,  1855,  in  Charles  City  county,  Va. 
In  1880  he  was  elected  by  the  legislature 
of  Virginia  judge  of  the  county  court  of 
Henrico,  and  resigned  this  office  in  1883  to 
accept  the  office  of  United  States  attorney 
for  the  eastern  district  of  Virginia,  which 
position  he  filled  till  1885.  He  was  elected 
in  the  latter  year  to  the  legislature,  in 
which  body  he  served  till  he  resigned  to 
take  his  seat  in  the  fifty-first  congress. 
He  was  electefl  to  the  fifty-first  congress 
as  a  republican. 

WADDILL,  JAMES  RICHARD,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  22, 
1842,  in  Springfield,  Mo.  He  served  in 
the  union  army  from  1861  to  1863,  when 
he  resigned.  He  was  elected  prosecuting 
attorney  in  1874;  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress  as  a  democrat. 


WADE,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  senator,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1800,  in  Feed 
ing  Hills  Parish,  Mass.  He  was  a  justice 
of  the  peace,  prosecuting  attorney  for 
Ashtabula  county,  state  senator,  and  pres 
ident  of  a  judicial  circuit.  In  1851  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  from  Ohio 
for  the  term  ending  in  1857;  and  was 
twice  re-elected,  his  third  term  ending  in 
1869.  At  the  meeting  of  the  fortieth  con 
gress  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  sen 
ate  pro  tempore.  In  1869  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  commissioner  for  the  Pacific  Railroad 
company.  He  died  March  2,  1878,  in  Jef 
ferson,  Ohio. 

WADE,  DECIUS  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1835,  in  An- 
dover,  Ohio.  In  1860  he  was  appointed 
county  judge  of  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio, 
and  was  twice  elected  to  that  position, 
serving  seven  years.  In  1869  he  was  elect 
ed  a  state  senator,  and  while  serving  in 
that  capacity  in  1871  was  appointed  chief- 
justice  of  Montana;  and  was  reappointed 
in  1875;  again  reappointed  in  1879,  and 
for  a  fourth  term  in  1883. 

WADE,  EDWARD,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1803,  in 
West  Springfield,  Mass.  He  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace  in  Jefferson,  Ohio,  in 
1832;  removed  to  Unionville,  and  re 
mained  until  1837;  finally  settled  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-third 
congress,  and  was  three  times  re-elected. 
He  died  in  August,  1866,  in  Cleveland. 
Ohio. 

WADE,  JAMES  F.,  soldier,  was  born 
in  1843  in  Ohio;  and  is  a  son  of  Hon.  B. 
Wade.  He  was  bre\etted  a  number  of 
times  during  the  civil  war  for  gallant  ser 
vices,  and  in  1866  was  appointed  captain 
in  the  sixth  cavalry.  About  1890  he  was 
commissioned  brigadier-general;  and 
during  the  Spanish-American  war  in  1898 
had  command  of  the  United  States  forces 
at  Tampa. 

WADE,  LEONIDAS  ELIJAH,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  April  13,  1858,  in  Tallo- 
kas,  Ga.  He  has  been  a  successful  school 
teacher,  and  is  now  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Jacksonville,  Fla. 

WADE,  MARTIN  J.,  lawyer,  educator, 
lecturer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1861,  in 
Burlington,  Vt.  He  was  professor  of  law 
in  the  state  university  of  Iowa  during 
1891-93.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
eighth  judicial  district  of  Iowa  in  1893; 
received  the  election  to  that  office  in  1894, 
which  position  he  still  fills.  He  also  lec 
tures  upon  Evidence  in  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  state  university,  and  upon 
Medical  Jurisprudence  in  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  same  institution.  In  1897 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Iowa  State 
Bar  association. 

WADE,  WILLIAM  H.,  soldier,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  3. 
1835,  in  Clarke  county,  Ohio.  He  enlisted 
in  the  union  army  in  1861,  and  rose 
through  the  intermediate  grades  to  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  In  1880  he  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  Missouri  state  leg 
islature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1882.  In 
1884  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and 
re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

WADE,  WILLIAM  P.,  author.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  Treatise  on  the  Law  of 
Notice;  On  the  Operation  and  Construc 
tion  of  Retroacthe  Laws;  Manual  of 
American  Mining  Laws  in  the  Western 
States;  The  Laws  of  Notice  as  Affecting 
Civil  Rights  and  Remedies;  and  The  Law 
of  Attachment  and  Garnishment. 


WADLEIGH,  BAINBRIDGE,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Jan.  4,  1831,  in  Bradford,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire 
state  house  of  representatives  for  eight 
years  between  1865  and  1873;  and  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for 
the  term  commencing  in  1873  and  ending 
in  1879.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1891,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

WADLEY,  WILLIAM  MORRIS,  railroad 
manager,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1813,  in 
Brentwood,  N.  H.  He  was  the  pioneer  in 
successfully  consolidating  railroads  in  the 
south;  and  also  created  the  Ocean  Steam 
ship  company,  with  its  immense  wharves; 
and  organized  the  powerful  South  Railway 
and  Steamship  association.  He  died  Aug. 
10,  1882. 

WADSWORTH,  ADRIAN  ROWE,  civil 
engineer,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  26, 
1855,  in  Farmington,  Conn.  He  is  a  de 
scendant  of  William 
Wadsworth,  who 
landed  in  Boston  in 
1832;  and  the  Wads- 
worths  ha\e  been 
among  the  most 
prominent  public 
spirited  of  the  fam 
ilies  of  Farmington. 
In  1880  he  graduated 
from  the  scientific 
department  of  Yale 
college;  and  two 
years  later  was  elect 
ed  city  surveyor  of  Shamokin,  Pa.  He 
next  entered  upon  the  duties  of  construc 
tion  and  bridge  building.  In  1885  he 
moved  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  practiced 
his  profession  in  engineering  work  for 
street  and  motor  line  tramways.  He  sub 
sequently  returned  to  his  native  city,  and 
since  1886  has  been  interested  in  develop 
ing  a  public  water  supply.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Connecticut  Dairyman's  asso 
ciation,  and  president  of  the  Farmer's 
association  of  the  general  assembly.  He 
takes  an  active  part  in  political  affairs; 
was  justice  of  the  peace  for  four  years, 
and  received  the  election  in  1897  to  the 
general  assembly  of  the  Connecticut  state 
legislature. 

WADSWORTH,  BENJAMIN,  college 
president,  was  born  in  1669  in  Milton. 
Mass.  In  1725  he  was  elected  president  of 
Harvard  college,  sen  ing  until  his  death. 
He  died  March  16,  1737,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

WADSWORTH,  JAMES,  congressman, 
was  born  July  6,  1730,  in  Durham,  Conn. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Connecticut  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1783  to  1786. 
He  died  Sept.  22,  1817,  in  Durham,  Conn. 

WADSWORTH,  JAMES  SAMUEL,  sol 
dier,  philanthropist,  was  born  Oct.  30.  1807, 
in  Geneseo,  N.  Y.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1833.  He 
never  practiced  his 
profession  but  devot 
ed  himself  to  the 
management  of  the 
family  estate  in  west 
ern  New  York,  which 
amounted  to  fifteen 
thousand  acres.  In 
1852  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  State 
Agricultural  society, 
In  which  he  was  in 
terested  during  his 
life.  He  founded  a  public  library  in  Gene 
seo;  was  a  subscriber  to  the  endowment 
of  Geneseo  college;  aided  in  establishing 
the  school-district  library  system.  He 
difd  May  8,  1864,  near  Chancellorsville, 
Va. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


967 


WADSWORTH,  JAMES  W.,  soldier, 
capitalist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  12,  1842,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  brevetted  major  for  gallantry 
at  the  battle  of  Five  Forks.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1878  and  1879;  and  was  comptroller  of 
the  state  from  1879  to  1881.  In  the  latter 
year  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the  forty-seventh  congress 
to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-eighth,  fifty-second,  fifty-third, 
fifty-fourth,  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

WADSWORTH,  JEREMIAH,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1743  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Connecticut  to  the 
continental  congress  from  1786  to  1788; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1789  to  1795.  He  died 
April  30,  1804,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

WADSWORTH,  MARSHMAN  ED 
WARD,  geologist,  author,  was  born  May  6, 
1847,  in  Livermore  Falls,  Maine.  He  is 
the  state  geologist  of  Michigan  from 
1888;  and  the  author  of  Geology  of  the 
Iron  and  Copper  Districts  of  Lake  Su 
perior;  The  Azoid  System;  and  Litho- 
logical  Studies. 

WADSWORTH,  PELEG,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  surveyor,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  6,  1748,  in  Duxbury, 
Mass.  He  joined  the  army  as  captain  of  a 
company  of  minute  men,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general  after  the  war. 
In  1792  he  was  elected  a  senator  in  the 
legislature  of  Massachusetts;  in  the  same 
year  was  chosen  the  first  representative 
in  congress  from  his  district;  and  was 
successively  re-elected  until  1806,  when  he 
declined  a  further  nomination.  He  died 
Nov.  18,  1829,  in  Hiram,  Maine. 

WADSWORTH,  WILLIAM,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1732  in  Durham,  Conn.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  war  of  1812  he  was 
brigadier-general  of  New  York  militia, 
and  he  served  in  the  United  States  army 
in  1812-32.  He  died  in  February,  1833,  in 
Geneseo,  N.  Y. 

WADSWORTH,  WILLIAM  HENRY, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  July  4,  1821,  in  Maysville,  Ky.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  Ken 
tucky  in  1853  and  1855;  and  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1860,  presiding  over  the 
electoral  college.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress.  After  leaving 
congress  he  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Mexican  claims  commission.  In  1884 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  forty-ninth  congress. 

WAGENER,  DAVID  D.,  merchant, 
banker,  congressman,  was  born  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  a  merchant,  and  for 
many  years  president  of  the  Easton  bank. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsyhania  from  1833  to  1841.  He  died 
Oct.  1,  1860,  in  Easton.  Pa. 

WAGENER,  GEORGE  A.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1845,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  is  president  of  the  Carolina 
Midland  railway  at  Charleston,  S.  C. 

WAGGAMANN,  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1782 
in  Somerset  county,  Md.  He  was  secretary 
of  the  state  of  Louisiana  under  three  ad 
ministrations;  and  held  various  other 
public  positions.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  1831  to  1835.  He  died  March 
22,  1843,  in  New  Orleans. 

WAGNALLS,  ADAM  WILLIS,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1843,  in 
Lithopolis,  Ohio.  Since  1891  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Harriman  Coal  and  Iron 

railroad  at  New  York  city. 


WAGNER,  ARTHUR  LOCKWOOD, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  in  185-  in  Illi 
nois.  He  is  an  officer  in  the  United  States 
army;  and  the  author  of  Catechism  of 
Outpost  Duty;  Organization  and  Tactics; 
The  Service  of  Security  and  Information; 
and  The  Campaign  of  Kdniggratz. 

WAGNER,  JOHN,  educator,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  July  7,  1791,  in  Char 
leston,  S.  C.  In  1829  he  was  elected  pro 
fessor  of  pathological  and  surgical  anato 
my  in  South  Carolina  Medical  college, 
which  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  college 
to  establish  this  department.  In  1832  he 
succeeded  Dr.  James  Ramsey  in  the  chair 
of  surgery.  He  died  May  22,  1841,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

WAGNER,  MADGE  M.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  poet.  In  1881  she  published  a  volume 
of  poems  which  have  since  had  a  second 
edition.  She  is  the  author  of  Meric;  Di 
ana;  and  A  Titled  Plebeian. 

WAGNER,  PETER  J.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1839  to  1841. 

WAGNER,  WEBSTER,  inventor,  state 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1817,  in  Pala 
tine  Bridge,  N.  Y.  In  1867  he  manufac 
tured  the  first  drawing-room  car,  and 
founded  the  Wagner  Palace-Car  company, 
of  which  he  was  president  until  his  death. 
He  also  invented  the  oval  car-roof,  and 
patented  the  elevated  panel.  Mr.  Wagner 
was  elected  as  a  republican  to  the  New 
York  assembly  in  1870,  and  from  1871  till 
1882  he  was  state  senator.  He  died  Jan. 
13,  1882,  near  Spuyten  Duyvil,  N.  Y. 

WAINWRIGHT,  JONATHAN  MAY- 
HEW,  bishop,  author,  was  born  Feb.  24, 
1793,  in  England.  He  was  a  provincial 
protestant  episcopal 
bishop  of  New  York 
in  1852-54.  He  was 
the  author  of  The 
Land  of  Bondage; 
Short  Family  Pray 
ers;  The  Pathway 
and  Abiding  Places 
of  Our  Lord;  Les 
sons  on  the  Church 
Religious  Education; 
and  Selected  Ser 
mons.  Besides  his 
published  works  he 
contributed  freely  to  the  leading  religious 
periodicals  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
Sept.  21,  1854,  in  New  York  city. 

WAINWRIGHT,  RICHARD,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1817,  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.  He  was  commissioned  lieu 
tenant  in  1841.  He  was  promoted  to  com 
mander  in  1860,  and  given  the  flag-ship 
Hartford  of  Admiral  Farragut's  fleet,  fitted 
out  for  the  capture  of  New  Orleans.  He 
died  Aug.  10,  1862,  near  New  Orleans,  La. 
WAINWRIGHT,  RICHARD,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 
In  1868  he  graduated  from  the  Naval  acad 
emy;  and  in  1898  gained  world-wide  re 
nown  for  his  gallant  conduct  in  handling 
the  auxiliary  gunboat  Gloucester  during 
the  Spanish-American  war. 

WAIT,  JOHN  TURNER,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  27, 
1811,  in  New  London,  Conn.  He  was  state's 
attorney  for  the  county  of  New  London, 
Conn.,  from  1842  to  1844.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1864;  was  a  state  sena 
tor  in  1865  and  1866.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1867,  1871 
and  1873,  serving  the  first  year  as  speaker. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  for 
ty-eighth,  and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 


WAIT,  SAMUEL,  educator,  was  born 
Dec.  19,  1789,  in  Washington  county,  N. 
Y.  The  first  baptist  newspaper  published 
in  North  Carolina  owed  its  existence  to 
his  labors.  He  was  active  in  establishing 
Wake  Forest  school,  which  subsequently 
became  Wake  Forest  college,  and  was  its 
president.  He  died  July  28,  1867,  in  Wake 
Forest,  N.  C. 

WAIT,  WILLIAM,  was  born  Feb.  2, 
1821,  in  Ephratah,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  emi 
nent  lawyer  of  Fulton  county,  N.  Y.;  and 
the  author  of  Law  and  Practice  in  Civil 
Actions;  New  York  Annotated  Code  of 
Procedure;  Actions  and  Defenses  at  Law 
and  in  Equity;  and  Treatise  on  General 
Principles  of  the  Law.  He  died  Dec.  29, 
1880.  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 

WAIT,  WILLIAM  BELL,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  25,  1839,  in  Amster 
dam,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  author  of  Har 
monic  Notation;  The  Normal  Course  of 
Piano  Technique;  and  A  System  of  Tan 
gible  Musical  Notation  and  Point  Writing 
and  Printing  for  the  Use  of  Notation. 

WAITE,  CARLOS  ADOLPHUS,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1800.  He  was  brevetted  brig 
adier-general  of  volunteers  in  1865  for 
long  and  faithful  service  in  the  army.  He 
died  May  7,  1866,  in  Plattsburg,  N.  Y. 

WAITE.  MRS.  CATHERINE  [VAN 
VALKENBURG],  suffragist,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1829  in  Canada  West. 
She  is  a  Chicago  lawyer,  founder  of  The 
Chicago  Law  Times,  and  an  active  advo 
cate  of  woman  suffrage.  She  is  the  author 
of  The  Mormon  Prophet  and  his  Harem. 
WAITE,  CHARLES  BURLINGAME, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  29, 
1824,  in  Wayne  county,  N.  Y.  He  re 
moved  to  Illinois,  from  which  state  he 
was  appointed  an  associate  judge  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
Utah,  residing  at  Salt  Lake  City. 

WAITE,  DAVIS  HANSON,  governor, 
was  born  April  9,  1825.  in  Jamestown,  N. 
Y.  In  1893  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Colorado,  serving  until  1894. 

WAITE,  HENRY  MATSON,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1787, 
in  Lyme,  Conn.  In  1815  he  was  elected  to 
the  Connecticut  legislature,  serving  sev 
eral  years  as  representative  and  as  state 
senator  in  1832-33.  He  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  errors  of 
Connecticut  in  1834,  and  held  that  place 
and  that  of  judge  of  the  superior  court  for 
twenty  years.  In  1854  he  was  made  chief 
justice  of  the  state  by  the  unanimous  vote 
of  the  legislature.  He  died  Dec.  14,  1869, 
in  Lyme,  Conn. 

WAITE,  HENRY  RANDALL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1845,  in 
Copenhagen,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  who  has  published  The  Motive 
of  St.  Paul's  Life;  Illiteracy  and  the  Mor 
mon  Problem;  and  A  Boy's  Workshop. 

WAITE,  MORRISON  REMICK,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  29, 
1816,  in  Lyme,  Conn.  In  1849  he  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio 
state  legislature;  and 
in  1871  was  one  of 
the  counsel  of  the 
United  States  before 
the  tribunal  of  arbi 
tration  at  Geneva, 
under  the  treaty  of 
Washington.  In  1873 
he  was  unanimously 
elected  a  member  of 
the  convention  to 
amend  the  constitu 
tion  of  Ohio,  and  was 
made  its  president.  In  1874  he  was  nomi 
nated  and  confirmed  as  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
died  March  23,  1880,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


968 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WAKEFIELD,  CYRUS,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Feb.  7,  1811,  in  Roxbury,  N.  H. 
He  originated  the  rattan  business  in  this 
country,  and  discovered  several  methods 
of  utilizing  the  rattan  waste,  while  of  the 
split  rattans  he  made  furniture  and  car 
riage-bodies.  He  established  a  large  fac 
tory  for  these  manufactures  in  South 
Reading.  Mass.,  where  his  rattan-works 
cover  seven  acres  of  ground.  He  died  Oct. 
26,  1873,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WAKEFIELD,  GEORGE  WASHING 
TON,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  22, 
1839,  near  De  Witt,  111.  He  was  admitted 
1o  the  bar  in  1868;  in  1885-86  he  became 
circuit  judge  in  the  fourth  judicial  district 
of  Iowa;  and  since  1887  has  been  district 
judge.  Since  1892  he  has  been  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Sioux  City  Pub 
lic  library.  He  is  interested  in  science 
and  literature,  and  occasionally  writes  on 
those  subjects. 

WAKEFIELD,  JAMES  B.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1828 
in  Connecticut.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
first  state  legislature  of  Minnesota  in  1857; 
and  was  again  a  member  of  the  legisla 
ture  in  1865,  and  was  elected  speaker.  He 
was  a  state  senator  in  1867-69;  and  in 
the  latter  year  was  appointed  receiver  of 
the  United  States  land  office  at  Winne- 
bago  City.  He  resigned  in  1875,  and  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Minnesota. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Minnesota  to  the  forty-eighth  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

WAKEFIELD,  MRS.  NANCY  AMELIA 
WOODBURY  PRIEST,  was  born  Dec.  7, 
1836,  in  Royalton,  Mass.  She  was  a  verse- 
writer  remembered  for  her  poem,  Over 
the  River.  She  died  Sept.  21,  1870,  in 
Winchendon,  Mass. 

WAKELEY,  JOSEPH  BEAUMONT, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1804  in 
Danbury,  Conn.  He  was  a  methodist 
clergyman  of  New  York  city  among  whose 
writings  are  The  Heroes  of  Methodism; 
Lost  Chapters  Recovered  from  Early 
American  Methodism;  Reminiscences; 
and  The  American  Temperance  Cyclope 
dia.  He  died  April  27,  1876,  in  New  York 
city. 

WAKELIN,  MARY  A.  HITCHCOCK, 
educator,  temperance  worker,  was  born 
April  28,  1834,  in  Rodman,  N.  Y.  She  has 
attained^success  in  educational  work,  and 
for  six  years  was  state  president  of  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  union  of 
Nebraska. 

WAKELY.  EBENEZER,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  settled  in 
Wisconsin;  and  was  appointed  an  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  United  States  court 
for  the  territory  of  Nebraska. 

WAKEMAN,  ABRAHAM,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May  31, 
1£24.  in  Fairfield.  Conn.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  to  the  New  York  legislature;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1851.  In  1854  he  was 
elected  an  alderman  in  New  York,  serving 
two  years.  In  1856  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress;  and 
also  frequently  served  as  a  member  of 
state  conventions. 

WAKEMAN.  SETH.  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  15, 
1811,  in  Franklin,  Vt.  He  was  district 
attorney  of  Genesee  county,  N.  Y.,  from 
1851-57;  and  was  a  member  of  the  assem 
bly  of  the  state  of  New  York  in  1856-57. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  New  York  in  1867-68; 
and  was  elected  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress  as  a  republican,  serving  with  aliility 
on  several  important  committees  while  a 
member  of  that  body. 


WALBRIDGE,  ARTHUR  DEWEY,  mu 
sical  composer,  was  born  April  10,  1843,  in 
Gaines,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  author  of  the 
words  and  music  of  several  popular  songs, 
including  Now  I  Lay  Me  Down  to  Sleep; 
Sleeping  Where  the  Daisies  Grow;  Baby 
Meets  Me  on  the  Stairs;  and  college  songs. 
He  died  Dec.  14,  1872,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

WALBRIDGE,  DAVID  S.,  agriculturist, 
congressman,  was  born  July  30,  1802,  in 
Bennington,  Vt.  He  removed  to  Michigan 
in  1842;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  in  1854,  and 
served  until  1859.  He  died  June  15,  1868, 
in  Kalamazoo. 

WALBRIDGE,  HENRY  S., congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1851  to  1853. 

WALBRIDGE,  HIRAM,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  2,  1821,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
Removing  to  New  York  city  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York,  serving  from  1853  to  1855.  He  died 
Dec.  6,  1870,  in  New  York  city. 

WALCH,  HENRY  F.,  stenographer,  was 
born  July  19.  1848,  in  Madison  county,  N. 
Y.  For  thirty-three  years  he  has  devoted 
his  time  to  stenographic  work.  In  1890 
he  was  elected  the  first  president  of  the 
Michigan  Law  Stenographers'  association, 
and  received  the  election  again  in  1896. 

WALCOTT,  CHARLES  DOOLITTLE, 
geologist,  author,  was  born  March  31,  1850, 
in  New  York  Mills,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  geolo 
gist  of  note,  director  of  the  United  States 
geological  survey  from  1894;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Trilobite;  Paleontology  of 
the  Eureka  District;  The  Cambrian  Fau 
nas  of  North  America;  The  Fauna  of  the 
Lower  Cambrian  or  Olinus  Zone;  and  Cor 
relation  Papers. 

WALCOTT,  CHARLES  MELTON,  actor, 
author,  was  born  in  London,  England.  He 
was  an  actor  and  playwright  of  Philadel 
phia,  among  whose  plays  are  The  Course 
of  True  Love;  Hoboken;  Washington,  or 
Valley  Forge;  and  A  Good  Fellow.  He 
died  May  10,  1868,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WALCUTT,  CHARLES  CARROLL,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1838,  in  Columbus, 
Ohio.  He  served  through  the  civil  war, 
and  for  gallantry  and  meritorious  ser 
vices  received  the  rank  of  major-general 
of  the  United  States  army. 

WALDEN,  HIRAM,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1800,  in 
Rutland  county,  Vt.  He  attained  the  office 
of  major-general  of  militia.  In  1886  he 
was  elected  to  the  New  York  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1849  to  1851. 

WALDEN,  JOHN  M.,  clergyman, bishop, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1831,  in  Lebanon,  Ohio. 
He  is  a  successful  clergyman,  and  bishop 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church  at  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

WALDEN,  MADISON  M.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  6, 
1836.  in  Adams  county,  Ohio.  He  served 
in  the  union  army  from  1861  to  1865  as 
captain  of  infantry  and  cavalry.  He  had 
charge  of  a  newspaper  at  Centre\  ille, 
Iowa;  and  was  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of  Iowa  in  1866  and 
1867.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  in  1868  and  1869;  and  was  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Iowa  in  1870.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the  forty- 
second  congress  as  a  republican. 

WALDEN,  TREADWELL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1830  in  New  York. 
He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Washing 
ton;  and  the  author  of  Sunday-School 
Prayer  Book;  Our  English  Bible  and  its 
Ancestors;  and  The  Great  Meaning  of 
Metanoia. 

WALDO,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  was  born 
Sept.  10,  1762,  In  Windham,  Conn.  In 


1855,  at  the  age  of  ninety-three,  he  was 
made  chaplain  of  the  house  of  represen 
tatives.  He  died  July  30,  1864,  in  Syra 
cuse,  N.  Y. 

WALDO,  FRANK,  meteorologist,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1857  in  Ohio.  He 
is  a  meteorologist  of  Princeton,  N.  J.,  for 
merly  a  junior  professor  in  the  United 
States  signal  service.  Beside  a  number  of 
scientific  monographs  he  has  published 
Modern  Meteorology;  and  Elementary 
Meteorology. 

WALDO,  H.  L.,  lawyer,  jurist.  In  1876 
he  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  territory  of 
New  Mexico. 

WALDO,  LEONARD,  astronomer,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  4,  1853,  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio.  He  was  appointed  assistant  at 
the  Harvard  observatory  in  1875,  and  con 
tinued  there  until  1880,  after  which,  until 

1887,  he  was  astronomer  in  charge  of  the 
horological  bureau  of  the  Winchester  ob 
servatory  of  Yale.     He   is  the  author  of 
cyclopaedia  articles  and  popular  papers  on 
technical  subjects. 

WALDO,  LORIN  P.,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  2, 
1802,  in  Canterbury,  Conn.  He  was  state's 
attorney  for  Connecticut  from  1837  to 
1849;  and  was  for  two  years  judge  of  the 
court  of  probate  in  his  district,  and  six 
years  a  member  of  the  legislature  of  his 
state.  In  1849  he  was  elected  to  the  thir 
ty-first  congress;  and  in  1852  was  elected 
commissioner  of  the  school  fund  of  Con 
necticut.  In  1853  he  was  appointed  com 
missioner  of  pensions.  In  1855  he  was 
elected  to  the  office  of  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court. 

WALDO,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1721  in  Maine.  In  1760  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  probate  for  Cumberland 
county,  Maine.  He  died  April  16,  1770,  in 

Maine. 

WALDO,  SAMUEL  LOVETT,  artist, 
was  born  April  6,  1783,  in  Windham, 
Conn.  For  fifty-three  years  he  painted 
portraits  in  New  York  city;  among  them 
are  those  of  General  Macomb;  and  May 
ors  Willett,  Radcliffe,  and  Allen.  He  died 
Feb.  16,  1861,  in  New  York  city. 

WALDO,  SAMUEL  PUTNAM,  author, 
was  born  in  1780  in  Connecticut.  He  was 
a  writer  of  Hartford,  Conn.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Tour  of  President  Monroe  in  1818; 
Memoirs  of  General  Andrew  Jackson; 
Life  of  Stephen  Decatur;  and  Biographi 
cal  Sketches.  He  died  in  March,  1826,  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 

WALDRON,  EDMUND  QUINCY 
SHEAFE,  clergyman,  college  president, 
was  born  July  6,  1812,  in  Dover,  N.  H. 
From  1857  till  1860  he  had  charge  of  St. 
Matthew's  church  at  Washington,  D.  C. 
From  1860  till  1869  he  was  president  of 
Borromeo  college,  Pikesville,  Md.  He  died 
April  16,  1888,  in  Pikesville,  Md. 

WALDRON,  HENRY,  civil  engineer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1819,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  to  the  legis 
lature  of  Michigan  in  1843;  served  as  a 
representative  in  congress  during  the 
years  1855-58;  and  was  also  elected  to 
the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  to  the  forty-second,  for 
ty-third,  and  forty-fourth  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

WALDSTEIN.  CHARLES,  archaeologist, 
author,  was  born  March  30,  1856,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  an  eminent  archaeolo 
gist,  and  the  director  of  the  American 
School  of  Archaeology  at  Athens  from 

1888.  He  is  the  author  of  Excavations  at 
the   Heraion   of   Argos;     The   Balance   of 
Emotion  and  Intellect;    Essays  on  the  Art 
of  Pheidias;    The  Work  of  John  Ruskin; 
and  Study  of  Art  in  Universities. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


969 


WALES,  GEORGE  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Winclham  county,  Vt.  He  served  six  years 
in  the  state  legislature,  and  was  speaker 
in  1823  and  1824.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Vermont  from  1825  to 
1829;  and  was  judge  of  probate  for  Hart 
ford  county  from  1843  to  1848. 

WALES,  JAMES  ALBERT,  caricaturist, 
was  born  Aug.  30,  1852,  in  Clyde,  Ohio. 
In  1881  he  went  abroad,  and  after  his  re 
turn  he  became  one  of  the  founders  of 
The  Judge,  and  was  for  some  time  its 
•chief  cartoonist.  He  returned  to  Puck  in 
1885.  He  was  the  only  prominent  carica 
turist  of  the  newer  school  who  was  a  na 
tive  American.  He  died  Dec.  6,  1886,  in 
New  York. 

WALES,  JOHN,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  July  31,  1783,  in  New  Haven, 
'Conn.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Delaware  from  1849  to  1851  to  fill  a  va 
cancy.  He  died  Dec.  3,  1863,  in  Wilming 
ton,  Del. 

WALES,  LEONARD  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  26,  1823,  in  Wilmington, 
Del.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  superior  court  of  Delaware  for  New 
Castle  county;  and  continued  in  this  po 
sition  until  1884,  when  he  resigned  to  ac 
cept  the  appointment  of  United  States  dis 
trict  judge  for  the  district  of  Delaware. 

WALES,  PHILIP  SKINNER,  naval  of 
ficer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1837,  in 
Annapolis.  Md.  He  is  a  United  States  na 
val  officer  who  has  published  a  Treatise 
on  Mechanical  Therapeutics. 

WALES,  SALEM  HOWE,  journalist, 
was  born  Oct.  4,  1825,  in  Wales,  Mass. 
He  was  president  of  the  department  of 
parks,  New  York  city,  in  1873;  president 
of  the  department  of  docks  in  1876;  and 
of  the  park  commission  in  1880-85.  He 
wrote  a  series  of  letters  on  European 
travel  in  1855  and  1867  for  the  New  York 
Sun  and  Scientific  American. 

WALES,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  March  2,  1748,  in 
Raynham,  Mass.  He  was  minister  of  Mil- 
ford  in  1770-82,  and  in  the  latter  year  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  D.  D.  from  Yale, 
where  he  was  professor  of  divinity  from 
1782  till  his  death.  He  published  Dangers 
of  Our  National  Prosperity,  an  election 
sermon.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1794,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

WALKE.  HENRY,  naval  officer,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  24,  1808,  in  Princess  Ann 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  naval  officer  ap 
pointed  rear-admiral  in  1870;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Na\al  Scenes  and  Reminiscences 
of  the  Civil  War.  He  died  in  1896. 

WALKER,  ALBERT  H.,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1844,  in 
Fairfax,  Vt.  He  received  a  thorough  edu- 
cation  in  the  com 
mon  and  commercial 
schools  and  grad 
uated  f  -r  o  m  the 
Chicago  Law  school. 
He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  his  profession 
at  Hartford,  Conn.; 
has  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Con 
necticut  state  legisla 
ture;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  Walker  on 

Patents,  and  other  works.  He  has  lectured 
on  Patent  Law  in  the  law  departments  of 
Cornell  university,  and  of  the  university 
of  Michigan;  and  has  argued  cases  in  the 
United  States  courts  in  sixteen  different 
states  of  the  union. 


WALKER,  ALEXANDER  JOSEPH, 
journalist,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
13,  1819,  in  Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  was 
a  lawyer  and  journalist  of  New  Orleans; 
and  the  author  of  Jackson  and  New  Or 
leans;  History  of  the  Battle  of  Shiloh; 
Butler  at  New  Orleans;  Duelling  in  Louis 
iana;  and  Life  of  General  Andrew  Jack 
son.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1893. 

WALKER,  AMASA,  educator,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
May  4,  1799,  in  Woodstock,  Conn.  In  1842 
he  became  professor  of  political  economy 
at  the  Oberlin  college,  Ohio;  and  in  1843 
visited  Europe  as  a  delegate  to  the  peace 
congress;  and  went  on  the  same  mission 
in  1849.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  in  1849;  was  a  state  senator  in 
1850;  and  was  secretary  of  state  in  1851 
and  1852.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  the 
author  of  Science  of  Wealth;  and  The  Na 
ture  and  Uses  of  Money.  He  died  Oct.  29, 
1875,  in  Brookfield,  Mass. 

WALKER,  BENJAMIN,  merchant,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  in  1753  in 
England.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1801  to  1803. 
He  died  Jan.  13,  1818,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

WALKER,  CHARLES  C.  B.,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  27, 1824,  in  Drewsville, 
N.  H.  He  was  postmaster  of  Corning,  N. 
Y.,  from  1856  to  1860;  and  was  an  assis 
tant  quartermaster-general  at  Elmira  in 
1861.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

WALKER.  CHARLES  MANNING,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1834,  in 
Athens,  Ohio.  He  is  a  journalist  of  In 
dianapolis;  and  the  author  of  History  of 
Athens  County,  Ohio;  First  Settlement 
of  Ohio  at  Marietta;  and  Lives  of  Oliver 
Martin  and  Alvin  Hovey. 

WALKER,  CORNELIUS,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  June  12,  1819, 
near  Richmond,  Va.  He  is  an  episcopal 
clergyman,  professor  in  the  Virginia 
Theological  seminary  from  1866;  and  the 
author  of  Sorrowing  Not  Without  Hope; 
Outlines  of  Christian  Theology;  and  Lec 
tures  on  Christian  Ethics. 

WALKER.  DAVID,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1817  to  1820.  He  died 
March  1,  1820. 

WALKER,  DAVID  S.,  governor.  He  was 
governor  of  Florida  from  1866  to  1868. 

WALKER,  EDWARD  DWIGHT,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1859  in  Long 
Island.  He  was  a  journalist  and  writer  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Rein 
carnation,  a  Study  of  Forgotten  Truth.  He 
died  in  1890. 

WALKER,  EDWIN,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  1832  in  Genesee  county,  N.  Y.  Through 
diligent  study  of  the  statutes  and  appoint 
ment  as  general  solicitor  for  the  Cincin 
nati.  Richmond  and  Logansport  railroad 
in  1860  he  became  an  authority  on  corpo 
ration  law,  and  when  the  general  offices 
of  his  company  were  removed  to  Chicago 
in  1865  he  made  Chicago  his  home.  Dur 
ing  the  World's  fair  he  sened  as  a  di 
rector  and  he  was  retained  by  the  rail 
roads  in  the  lawsuits  growing  out  of  the 
famous  strike  of  1894. 

WALKER,  EDWIN  SAWYER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1838,  in 
Whiting,  Vt.  He  has  filled  important  pas 
torates  in  the  baptist  church;  and  is  the 
author  of  The  Story  of  My  Ancestors;  A 
History  of  the  Springfield  Baptist  Asso 
ciation;  and  other  works. 


WALKER,  ELIAS  MILBURN,  farmer, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1842,  in  Scotts- 
ville,  111.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  of 
Mulberry,  Kan.;  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  the  periodical  press;  and  his 
poems  have  been  given  a  place  in  several 
standard  collections. 

WALKER,  FELIX,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  July  19,1753, 
in  Hampshire  county,  Va.  He  settled  in 
Tryon  county,  N.  C.;  and  was  for  many 
years  in  the  state  legislature.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1817  to  1823.  He  died  in 
1830  in  Mississippi. 

WALKER,  FRANCIS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1793  to  1795. 

WALKER,  FRANCIS  AMASA,  soldier, 
educator,  journalist,  lawyer,  college  presi 
dent.  He  was  the  president  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Institute  of  Technology  from 
1881,  and  during  the  chil  war  a  federal 
officer,  rising  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  and 
brevetted  brigadier-general  in  1865.  He 
was  the  author  of  Wages;  Money;  Money 
in  its  Relations  to  Trade  and  Industry; 
Political  Economy;  The  Indian  Question; 
Land  and  its  Rent;  History  of  the  Second 
Army  Corps;  Life  of  General  Hancock; 
The  Making  of  the  Nation;  Double  Taxa 
tion  in  the  United  States;  and  Interna 
tional  Bimetallism.  He  died  in  1897. 

WALKER,  FREEMAN,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1780,  in  Charles 
City,  Va.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Georgia  from  1819  to  1821,  and  re 
signed.  He  died  Sept.  23,  1827,  in  Rich 
mond  county,  Ga. 

WALKER,  GEORGE,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1768  in  Culpeper 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1814  to  1815.  He 
died  in  1819  in  Nicholasville,  Ky. 

WALKER,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  banker, 
state  senator,  diplomatist,  was  born  in 
1824  in  Peterborough,  N.  H.  In  1857  he 
was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts  senate; 
was  re-elected,  and  in  1868  was  a  member 
of  the  lower  house.  He  was  instrumental 
in  introducing  the  national  system  of 
banking  into  the  state;  engaged  in  busi 
ness  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  and  became 
president  of  the  Third  National  bank  of 
that  city.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1888,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

WALKER,  GEORGE  LEON,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1830  in  Vermont.  He 
is  a  congregational  clergyman,  pastor  of 
a  church  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  from  1879; 
and  the  author  of  History  of  the  First 
Church  in  Hartford,  1633-1883;  Thomas 
Hooker:  Preacher,  Founder,  Democrat; 
and  Some  Aspects  of  the  Religious  Life 
of  New  England. 

WALKER,  GEORGE  ULM.  lawyer,  was 
born  June  26,  1849,  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 
He  attended  the  primary  school  of  New- 
berry.  S.  C.;  Pleasant  Ridge  academy, 
Ala.;  and  the  Southern  university  of 
Greensboro.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  the  south  at  Jacksonville,  Fla.; 
has  been  assistant  city  attorney;  and 
filled  various  other  public  positions  of 
honor. 

WALKER,  GILBERT  CARLTON,  law 
yer,  banker,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  Aug.  1,  1832,  in  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
In  1864  he  went  to  Norfolk,  Va.  He  be 
came  president  of  the  Exchange  National 
bank;  and  subsequently  settled  in  Rich 
mond.  In  1869  he  was  elected  governor 
of  Virginia,  sen  ing  four  years.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Virginia  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress.  He  died 
May  11,  1885,  in  New  York  city. 


970 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WALKER,  HARRIET  G..  reformer,  phi 
lanthropist,   was   born   Sept.   10,   1841,   in 
Brunswick,  Ohio.    More  than  twenty  years 
ago    she    turned    her 

r  attention    to     chari 

table    work,    and     is 
to  -  day       associated 
|A£        with     many    of    the 
charities    of    Minne 
apolis,     Minn.       For 
twenty  years  she  has 
been  secretary  of  the 
Reformatory  for  Wo 
men  called  the  Beth 
any    Home.      She    is 
president       of       the 
Northwestern  Hospi 
tal  for  Women  and  Children;    and  is  na 
tional  vice-president  and   state  president 
in   the   Non-Partisan  Woman's   Christian 
Temperance  union.     She   is  chairman   of 
the  police  matron  joint  committee;    and 
in  1892  was  elected  to  the  presidency  of 
the  woman's  council,  which  is  a  delegate 
association  representing  all  the  organized 
woman's  work  of  Minneapolis. 

WALKER,  HENDERSON,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  governor,  was  born  in  1660.  He  was 
a  lawyer,  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and 
president  of  the  council,  and  introduced 
important  reforms  in  the  judiciary.  He 
was  governor  of  North  Carolina  from  1699 
until  his  death.  He  died  April  14,  1704, 
in  Edenton,  N.  C. 

WALKER,  ISAAC  P.,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  1813  in  Virginia.  He 
was  a  ^residential  elector  in  1841,  and 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Wisconsin, 
from  1848  to  1855.  He  died  April  1,  1872, 
in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

WALKER,  JAMES,  clergyman,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1794, 
in  Burlington,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman,  minister  at  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  in  1818-38,  president  of  Harvard 
university  in  1853-60,  and  the  author  of 
Lectures  on  Natural  Religion;  Lectures  on 
the  Philosophy  of  Religion;  Sermons 
Preacheil  in  the  College  Chapel;  and  Dis 
courses.  He  died  Dec.  23,  1874,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

WALKER,  JAMES  ALEXANDER,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 
27,  1832,  in  Augusta  county,  Va.  He  en 
tered  the  confederate  army  in  1861,  and 
was  promoted  to  colonel  of  the  thirteenth 
Virginia  infantry  in  1862,  and  in  1863  was 
promoted  to  brigadier-general.  He  was 
elected  commonwealth's  attorney  for  Pu- 
laski  county  in  1860;  represented  Pulaski 
county  in  the  house  of  delegates  of  Vir 
ginia  in  1871-72;  and  was  elected  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Virginia  in  1877.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty- 
fifth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

WALKER,  JAMES  BARR,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  July  29.  1805,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  popular  presby- 
terian  clergyman  in  Ohio  and  Illinois, 
and  the  author  of  Philosophy  of  the  Plan 
of  Salvation:  Poetry  of  Reason  and  Con 
science;  Pioneer  Life  in  the  West;  God 
Revealed  in  Nature  and  in  Christ;  Phi 
losophy  of  Skepticism  and  Ultraism;  The 
Divine  Operation  in  the  Redemption  of 
Man;  Living  Questions  of  the  Age;  Doc 
trine  of  the  Holy  Spirit;  and  Poems. 
He  died  March  6,  1887,  in  Wheaton,  111. 

WALKER,  JAMES  BRADFORD  RICH 
MOND,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April 
15,  1821,  in  Taunton,  Mass.  He  is  a  con 
gregational  clergyman  of  Massachusetts, 
and  the  author  of  Comprehensive  Con 
cordance  to  the  Holy  Scriptures. 

WALKER.  JAMES  DANIEL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  13,  1830,  in  Logan  county,  Ky.  He 
served  in  the  confederate  army  as  a  col- 


onel,  and  was  solicitor-general  of  the 
state  for  a  time.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1876;  and  in  1879  took  his  seat 
as  a  senator  of  the  United  States  from 
Arkansas  for  the  term  of  six  years. 

WALKER,  JAMES  E.,  physician,  sur 
geon,  was  born  May  21,  1854,  in  Nunda, 
N.  Y.  He  studied  medicine  at  the  Cin 
cinnati  Medical  college,  the  New  York 
Polyclinic,  Kings  college  of  London,  Eng 
land,  and  did  post-graduate  work  in  Ber 
lin,  Vienna,  and  other  European  cities. 
He  is  superintendent  of  the  Steuben  sani 
tarium  of  Hornellsville,  N.  Y.,  one  of 
the  most  complete  and  modern  health  in 
stitutions  in  the  United  States.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Medical  associa 
tion  and  the  leading  medical  and  surgical 
societies  of  America. 

WALKER,  JAMES  MURDOCK,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1813,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  was  a  South  Carolina  law 
yer,  and  the  author  of  The  Theory  of 
Common  Law;  Tract  on  Government;  The 
State  versus  Bank  of  South  Carolina;  and 
Roman  Jurisprudence  in  the  Law  of  Real 
Estate.  He  died  Sept.  18, 1854,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.  C. 

WALKER,  JAMES  PERKINS,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1829  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  He  was  a  Boston  publisher, 
and  the  author  of  Faith  and  Patience,  a 
story  for  boys;  Book  of  Raphael's  Madon 
nas;  and  Sunny-Eyed  Tim.  He  died  May 
10,  1868,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WALKER,  JAMES  PETER,  congress 
man,  was  born  March  14,  1851,  in  Lau- 
derdale  county,  Tenn.  In  1867  he  moved  to 
Missouri;  and  was  elected  from  Dexter 
to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

WALKER,  JESSE,  missionary,  was 
born  about  1760  in  North  Carolina.  He 
became  presiding  elder  of  the  Illinois 
district  in  1812,  conference  missionary 
in  1819,  and  in  1820  built  the  first  method- 
ist  episcopal  church  and  formed  the  first 
methodist  episcopal  congregation  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1835,  in  Cook 
county,  111. 

WALKER,  JOHN,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1744,  in  Castle  Hill, 
Va.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Virginia  during  the  year  1790.  He  died 
Dec.  2,  1809,  in  Orange  county,  Va. 

WALKER,  JOHN  BRISBEN,  editor, 
publisher,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1847,  on  the 
Monongahela  river,  Pa.  In  1889  he  came 
to  New  York,  purchased  the  Cosmopolitan 
Magazine,  then  an  insolvent  property, 
having  a  circulation  of  16,000  copies,  in 
fused  great  life  into  the  magazine,  and 
brought  its  circulation  up  to  nearly  400,- 
000  copies  a  month. 

WALKER,  JOHN  GRIMES,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  March  20,  1835,  in  Hills- 
borough,  N.  H.  He  became  lieutenant  in 
1858.  He  was  promoted  to  lieutenant- 
commander  in  1862,  and  had  command  of 
the  river  iron-clad  Baron  de  Kalb. 

WALKER,  JOHN  H.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed 
a  judge  of  the  United  States  court  for  the 
district  of  Pennsylvania. 

WALKER.  JOHN  WILLIAMS,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  in  1789  in  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Alabama  from  1819  to  1822.  He  died  April 
23,  1823,  in  Huntsville,  Ala. 

WALKER,  JONATHAN,  reformer,  was 
born  in  1799  on  Cape  Cod,  Mass.  For 
five  years  he  lectured  on  slavery  in  the 
northern  and  western  states.  He  removed 
to  Michigan  about  1850,  where  he  resided 
near  Muskegon  until  his  death.  He  was 
the  subject  of  John  G.  Whittier's  poem. 
The  Man  with  the  Branded  Hand.  He 
died  May  1,  1878,  in  Muskegon,  Mich. 


WALKER,  JOSEPH,  governor.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Louisiana  in  1850,  and 
held  the  omce  until  1854. 

WALKER,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  farmer, 
legislator,  was  born  May  6,  1829,  in  Eng 
land.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  cap 
tain  of  company  I,  first  regiment  New 
York  engineers;  and  was  promoted  to 
major;  he  served  in  South  Carolina, Geor 
gia,  Florida  and  Virginia,  and  was  pres 
ent  with  the  cavalry  when  the  flag  of 
truce  came  in  preparatory  to  the  surrender 
at  Appomattox.  For  four  sessions  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  house  of  dele 
gates;  a  member  of  the  state  senate  for 
four  sessions,  and  his  legislative  record 
is  a  part  of  the  archives  of  Virginia.  He 
is  now  a  prominent  business  man  of 
Manchester,  Va.,  where  he  takes  an  active 
part  in  the  political  affairs  of  his  state. 

WALKER,  JOSEPH  BURBEEN,  agri 
culturist,  author,  was  born  in  1822  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  is  an  agriculturist  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  the  author  of  Land  Drain 
age;  Forests  of  New  Hampshire;  Pros 
pective  Agriculture  in  New  Hampshire; 
Oats;  Rogers  the  Ranger;  and  Birth  of  the 
Federal  Constitution. 

WALKER,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  manufac 
turer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1829,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  elected  a  trustee  of  the 
People's  Savings  bank  of  Worcester, 
Mass.,  in  1866.  He  was  several  years  a 
member  and  was  elected  president  of  the 
common  council  of  Worcester,  and  was 
president  of  the  Worcester  board  of  trade 
for  several  years.  He  was  three  times 
elected  to  the  Massachusetts  legislature. 
He  has  been  for  a  quarter  of  a  century 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Wor 
cester  academy,  an  important  college  pre 
paratory  and  scientific  school  for  boys. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first,  fifty-sec 
ond,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth 
congresses  as  a  republican.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  A  Few  Facts  and  Suggestions  on 
Money,  Trade  and  Banking. 

WALKER,  JOSEPH  MARSHALL,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He 
served  in  the  state  legislature  of  Louisi 
ana,  both  as  representative  and  senator, 
and  in  1846  was  state  treasurer.  In  1850 
he  was  inaugurated  governor  of  Louisi 
ana,  and  died  Jan.  26,  1856. 

WALKER,  JOSEPH  REDDEFORD,  tra 
veler,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1798,  in  Knox- 
ville,  Tenn.  He  was  guide  to  Bonnevill's 
expedition  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  in 
1832,  and  conducted  the  party  from  Great 
Salt  Lake  to  California,  which  discovered 
the  beautiful  Yosemite  valley.  Walker's 
river,  lake  and  pass,  discovered  by  this 
expedition,  were  named  for  him.  He  died 
Oct.  27,  1876,  in  Ignacio  Valley,  Cal. 

WALKER,  JUSTIN  ELISHA,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  12,  1825,  in  Fairfax,  Vt.  His 
poems  have  received  publication  from 
time  to  time  in  the  periodical  press,  many 
of  which  are  on  temperance  subjects. 

WALKER,  MRS.  KATHERINE  KENT 
(CHILD),  author,  was  born  aboui  1840  in 
Pittsford,  Vt.  She  is  a  writer  who  is 
best  known  by  a  famous  paper  in  the  At 
lantic  Monthly  on  The  Total  Depravity  of 
Inanimate  Things.  She  is  the  author  of 
Bible  Stories  for  the  Young;  Life  of 
Christ;  and  From  the  Crib  to  the  Cross. 

WALKER,  LEROY  POPE,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  July 
8,  1817,  near  Huntsville,  Ala.  He  was 
speaker  of  the  Alabama  house  of  repre 
sentatives  in  1847-50,  and  served  as  judge 
of  the  state  circuit  court  in  1850-53.  He 
was  commissioned  brigadier-general  in 
the  confederate  army,  but  resigned  in 
1862.  He  died  Aug.  22,  1884,  in  Hunts 
ville,  Ala. 


HERRJNGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


971 


WALKER,  LEWIS  C.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
legislator,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1837,  in  Wil 
mington,  Ohio.  He  served  two  terms  as 
a  member  of  the  Indiana  general  assem 
bly,  and  for  twelve  years  was  judge  of 
the  superior  court,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

WALKER,  MRS.  MARY  SPRING,  au 
thor.  She  is  the  author  of  The  Family 
Doctor,  or  Mrs.  Barry  and  Her  Bourbon; 
Rev.  Dr.  Willoughby  and  His  Wine;  Both 
Sides  of  the  Street;  Down  in  a  Saloon; 
and  White  Robes. 

WALKER,  PERCY,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  near  Huntsville,  Ala.  He  served  as 
an  officer  in  a  volunteer  company  during 
the  Creek  war.  He  was  elected  by  the 
legislature  to  the  office  of  state's  attorney 
for  the  sixth  judicial  circuit,  which  he 
held  four  years.  In  1839,  1847  and  1853 
he  represented  Mobile  county  in  the  gen 
eral  assembly,  and  in  1855  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Alabama  to  the  thir 
ty-fourth  congress. 

WALKER,  ROBERT  H.,  merchant,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  April  18,  1849, 
in  Dadeville,  Ala.  During  1871-83  he  was 
a  successful  merchant  of  Columbia,  Ala., 
and  since  1884  has  attained  eminence  as 
a  lawyer,  having  the  largest  and  most 
varied  practice  in  the  state.  From  1880 
to  1886  he  was  captain  of  the  Columbia 
Blues,  state  troops,  of  which  he  was  the 
organizer.  He  afterward  served  as  mayor 
of  Columbia  for  two  years;  and  for  four 
years  served  with  distinction  in  the  Ala 
bama  state  senate. 

WALKER,  ROBERT  J.  C.,  merchant, 
lawyer,  journalist,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  20,  1838,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He 
was  twice  elected  a  member  of  the  Phila 
delphia  city  council,  and  was,  for  some 
time,  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Satur 
day  Evening  Post  newspaper.  In  1878  he 
moved  to  Williamsport,  Pa.,  and  engaged 
in  the  lumber  and  coal  business.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsylvan 
ia  to  the  forty-seventh  congress. 

WALKER,  ROBERT  JAMES,  lawyer, 
governor,  United  States  senator,  author, 
was  born  July  23,  1801,  in  Northumber 
land,  Pa.  In  1836  he  was  chosen  a  senator 
in  congress  from  Mississippi,  serving  until 
1845.  In  1845  he  was  called  upon  to  take 
charge  of  the  treasury  department,  which 
he  administered  for  four  years.  He  was 
appointed,  in  1857,  governor  of  the  terri 
tory  of  Kansas,  which  office  he  resigned. 
In  1863  he  went  to  Europe  and  nego 
tiated  bonds  of  the  government  to  the 
amount  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  millions 
of  dollars.  He  was  the  author  of  Letters 
on  the  Finances  and  Resources  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  Nov.  11,  1869,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

WALKER,  THOMAS  BARLOW,  manu 
facturer,  philanthropist,  was  born  Feb.  1, 
1840,  in  Xenia,  Ohio.  He  is  managing 
partner  of  the  firm 
of  Walker  and  Ake- 
ley  of  Minneapolis, 
president  of  the  Red 
River  Lumber  com 
pany,  with  mills 
at  Crookston,  Minn., 
and  Grand  Forks,  N. 
D.,  and  at  the  head 
of  the  St.  Louis  Park 
syndicate,  which  is 
building  a  suburban 
city  on  the  boundary 
of  Minneapolis.  With 
B.  F.  Nelson  and  his  son,  Gilbert  Walker, 
he  is  an  owner  of  the  Hennepin  Paper 
company,  and  is  engaged  in  many  other 
enterprises,  devoted  to  building  up  Min 
neapolis.  Through  his  instrumentality 
and  many  years  of  work,  the  old  Athe 
naeum  Library  association  was  developed 


into  the  Public  library,  which  stands  now 
third  or  fourth  in  circulation  among  those 
of  the  cities  in  this  country. 

WALKER,  TIMOTHY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  June  26,  1737,  in 
Concord,  N.  H.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  fourth  and  fifth  New  Hampshire  pro 
vincial  congresses  and  of  the  first  house 
of  representatives  in  1776  under  the  state 
constitution.  Upon  the  reorganization  of 
the  state  courts  in  1777  he  was  made  a 
justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for 
Rockingham  county,  which  office  he  held 
for  twenty-three  years.  He  died  May  5, 
1822,  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

WALKER,  TIMOTHY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1806,  in  Wilming 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  jurist  of  Cincinnati, 
and  the  author  of  Elements  of  Geometry; 
and  Introduction  to  American  Law.  He 
died  Jan.  15,  1856,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

WALKER,  WILLIAM,  adventurer,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  8,  1824,  in  Nashville, 
Tenn.  He  was  a  famous  adventurer  who 
led  a  filibustering  expedition  into  Nicara 
gua  in  1855,  and  was  afterward  court-mar 
tialed  and  shot  by  the  authorities  of  Hon 
duras.  He  was  the  author  of  The  War  in 
Nicaragua.  He  died  Sept.  12,  1860,  in 
Honduras. 

WALKER,  WILLIAM  A.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1853  to  1855.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1861, 
in  New  York. 

WALKER,  WILLIAM  DAVID,  bishop 
of  western  New  York,  was  born  June  29, 
1839,  in  New  York  city.  As  bishop  of 
North  Dakota  he  distinguished  himself 
by  his  attachment  to  the  Red  Indians, 
among  whom  he  instituted  a  remarkably 
successful  evangelizing  work.  He  invent 
ed  the  device  of  the  cathedral  car,  a  rail 
way  carriage  fitted  up  for  public  worship, 
by  means  of  which  he  reached  many  scat 
tered  hamlets  which  would  otherwise  have 
remained  without  pastoral  care. 

WALKER,  WILLIAM  H.  T.,  soldier, 
was  born  in  1816  in  Georgia.  He  was 
brevetted  major  in  the  United  States  army 
for  gallant  conduct  at  Contreras  and 
Churubusco,  and  lieutenant-colonel  for 
Molino  del  Rey.  He  died  July  26,  1864, 
near  Decatur,  Ga. 

WALKER,  WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  bene 
factor,  was  born  March  15,  1790,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  Late  in  life  he  came 
into  possession  of  a  large  fortune,  of 
which  he  gave  to  benevolent  objects  about, 
?400,000  during  his  lifetime,  and  by  his 
will  left  nearly  $1,000,000  to  institutions  of 
learning.  He  died  April  2,  1865,  in  New 
port,  R.  I. 

WALKER,  WILLIAM  McCREARY,  na 
val  officer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1813, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  United  States 
naval  officer  who  published  a  work  on 
Screw  Propulsion.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1866, 
in  New  York  city. 

WALKER,  WILLIAM  S.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Dec.  6,  1793,  in  New  Hampshire. 
He  entered  the  navy  as  a  midshipman 
in  1814,  was  promoted  to  lieutenant  in 
1825,  and  to  master-commandant  in  1841. 
He  was  placed  on  the  retired  list,  and  pro 
moted  to  commodore  in  1862.  He  died 
Nov.  24,  1863,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WALKER,  WILLISTON,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1860  in  Maine. 
He  is  a  congregational  clergyman,  and 
professor  of  Germanic  and  western  church 
history  in  Hartford  Theological  seminary 
from  1889.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Creeds  and  Platforms  of  Congregational 
ism;  On  the  Increase  of  Royal  Power  un 
der  Philip  Augustus;  and  a  History  of  the 
Congregational  Church  in  the  United 
States. 


WALKUP,  LIBERTY,  inventor,  artist, 
was  born  July  14,  1844,  in  Pine  Creek,  111. 
He  served  as  a  union  soldier  during  the 
civil  war.  He  is  a  successful  inventor  of 
art  tools,  and  president  of  the  Air  Brush 
Manufacturing  company  of  Rockford,  111. 
He  is  also  an  instructor  in  the  fine  arts. 

WALL,  ANNIE  CARPENTER,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  19,  1859,  in  Richland  coun 
ty,  Wis.  She  is  the  author  of  a  book  of 
poems  entitled  Some  Scattered  Leaves. 

WALL,  GARRET  DORSET,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  March  10,  1783,  in  Middletown,  N.  J. 
He  commanded  a 
volunteer  company 
at  the  defense  of 
Sandy  Hook  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  was 
quartermaster  -  gen 
eral  of  the  state  from 
1815  to  1837.  In  1827 
he  was  elected  to  the 
general  assembly.  In 
1829  he  was  appoint 
ed  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for 
New  Jersey.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  United  States  senate 
from  1835  to  1841.  In  1848  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  court  of  errors  and 
appeals,  which  office  he  occupied  until 
his  death.  He  died  Nov.  22,  1850,  in  Bur 
lington,  N.  J. 

WALL,  GARRETT  S.,  lawyer,  soldier, 
legislator,  was  born  July  12,  1845,  in  Bour 
bon  county,  Ky.  He  served  in  the  con 
federate  army  and  was  promoted  to  cap 
tain.  He  has  been  county  attorney,  coun 
ty  judge  and  state  senator  from  Maysville, 
Ky. 

WALL,  HAMPTON  W.,  legislator,  was 
born  Nov.  10,  1832,  in  Staunton,  111.  This 
successful  farmer  and  banker  was  justice 
of  the  peace  of  his  native  town  for  twenty 
years.  He  served  two  terms  in  the  Illi 
nois  general  assembly,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  for  four  years. 

WALL,  JAMES  WALTER,  lawyer. 
United  States  senator,  author,  was  born 
May  26,  1820,  in  Trenton,  N.  J.  In  1847  he 
settled  in  Burlington, 
N.  J.,  and  devoted 
some  attention  to 
literary  pursuits.  In 
1850  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Burlington, 
and  in  1854  visited 
Europe,  and  pub 
lished  a  volume  en 
titled  Foreign  Etch 
ings,  or,  Visits  to  the 
Old  World's  Pleas 
ant  Places.  During 
the  early  part  of  the 
war  of  the  rebellion  he  wrote  against  the 
administration  in  power,  for  interfering 
with  the  freedom  of  the  press.  In  1863, 
he  was  elected  a  senator  in  congress  from 
New  Jersey  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  died 
June  9,  1872,  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

WALL,  JOSEPH  BAISDEN,  lawyer,  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1847,  in 
Hernando  county,  Fla.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  and  subsequently  attended  the 
university  of  Virginia.  He  soon  attained 
eminence  as  a  brilliant  lawyer  of  Tampa, 
Fla.;  was  state's  attorney  of  the  sixth  cir 
cuit  of  Florida;  and  the  first  president  of 
the  State  Bar  association.  In  1889  he 
served  with  distinction  in  the  Florida 
state  senate;  was  president  of  that  body, 
and  is  now  judge  of  the  criminal  court. 

WALL,  OSCAR  GARRETT,  journalist, 
banker,  poet.  He  served  as  a  soldier  in 
the  union  army.  He  subsequently  was  en 
gaged  in  banking,  and  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  Sunny  Nooks. 


872 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA      OK    AMERICAN    FIOGR  VPHY. 


WALL,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  20,  1801,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1860  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress. 

WALLACE,  ALEXANDER  S.,  planter, 
magistrate,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  30,  1810,  in  York  county, 
S.  C.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
South  Carolina  legislature  in  1852,  as  a 
union  candidate,  in  opposition  to  all  seces 
sion  movements,  and  was  again  elected 
in  1865.  He  was  appointed  internal  rev 
enue  collector  in  1866,  which  position  he 
held  until  elected  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
second,  forty-third  and  forty-fourth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

WALLACE,  ANDREW,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  poet,  was  born  in  1782  in  Milford, 
N.  H.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature;  was  a  delegate  in  the 
state  convention  of  1850,  and  died  six 
years  later. 

WALLACE,  ARTHUR  E.,  journalist, 
was  born  Nov.  2,  1865,  in  Moravia,  Iowa. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Iowa 
State  university;  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  current  literature;  and  is  now 
the  editor  and  owner  of  The  Republican 
of  Rapid  City,  S.  D. 

WALLACE,  DANIEL,  congressman,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  South  Carolina 
from  1847  to  1853. 

WALLACE,  DAVID,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  April  4,  1799,  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  In 
1828  he  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana  leg 
islature;  was  elected  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  state  in  1830  and  in  1833.  He  was 
governor  of  the  state  from  1837  to  1840; 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  In 
diana  from  1841  to  1843  and  subsequently 
was  prosecuting  attorney  for  the  state.  In 
1856  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  at  Indianapolis.  He  died 
Sept.  5,  1859,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

WALLACE,  HORACE  BINNEY,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1817,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  and 
writer  of  Philadelphia  and  the  author  oJ 
Literary  Criticisms;  and  Art  and  Scenery 
in  Europe.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1856,  In  Paris. 

WALLACE,  JAMES,  educator,  author, 
was  born  March  12, 1850,  in  Wooster,  Ohio. 
During  1881-87  he  was  professor  of  Greek 
and  German  in  Macalester  college,  St. 
Paul,  Minn.;  dean  of  that  institution  in 
1891-95;  and  its  president  since  1895.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Xeno- 
phon's  Anabasis. 

WALLACE.    JAMES    GOODWIN,    sur 
geon,  lawyer,  was  born  June  24.  183fi,  in 
South  Carolina.     He  was  educated  in  the 
^^^^^^^^^^^^    Furman      university 
4   of     South     Carolina, 
^^^  .    and  attended  the  Na- 

iE  tional     Medical    col- 

^^t        I'1-.,'     (if    Washington, 
ffj*&P  ^^1    D-    C.      During    the 

"«r<^?  .  r      I    civil  war  he  was  field 

^t^      »...       i    surgeon   in  the   con- 
I    federate    army.       He 
^^h^j    i     surgeon   of  the  V. 
^^•^H         I    C.  and  P.  R.  R.,  Tam- 
^^f   jfJL  \    lla  division,  and  has 

fj^El    fff        H    performed   more  cri 
tical,    extensive    and 

successful  surgical  operations  than  any 
surgeon  in  the  state  of  Florida.  He  re 
sides  in  Dade  City,  has  been  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Medical  association  of 
Pasco  county,  Fla.;  and  chairman  of  the 
board  of  county  commissioners.  He  stands 
high  in  Masonry;  is  a  noted  lawyer  and  a 
member  of  the  supreme  court  bar  of 
Florida. 


WALLACE,  JAMES  M..  congressman, 
was  born  in  Dauphin  county,  Pa.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1815  to  1821. 

WALLACE,  JOHN  BRADFORD,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1778,  in 
Somerset  county,  N.  J.  He  was  a  lawyer 
of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  Re 
marks  on  the  Law  of  Bailment;  and  Re 
ports  of  Cases  of  the  Third  Circuit  Court. 
He  died  Jan.  7,  1837,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WALLACE,  JOHN  W.,  physician,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1818,  in  Bea 
ver  Falls,  Pa.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  In  1863  he  was 
appointed  paymaster  in  the  army,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  in 
1870  was  a  presidential  elector.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-fourth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

WALLACE,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  17,  1815,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  master  in  chancery  of  the 
Pennsylvania  supreme  court,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Reporters,  Chronologically 
Arranged;  Cases  in  the  Circuit  Court  of 
the  United  States  for  the  Third  Circuit; 
Cases  Argued  and  Adjudged  in  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States;  and  An 
Old  Philadelphian:  Colonel  William  Brad 
ford,  the  Patriot  Printer  of  1776.  He 
died  Jan.  12,  1884,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WALLACE,  JONATHAN  H.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1824,  in 
Columbiana  county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Columbiana  coun 
ty,  and  was  re-elected  in  1853.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress.  He  died  Oct.  29, 
1892,  in  New  Lisbon,  Ohio. 

WALLACE,  LEWIS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
governor,  author,  was  born  April  10,  1827, 
in  Brockville,  Ind.  He  served  one  term 
as  a  state  senator, 
and  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war  was 
appointeu  adjutam- 
general  of  Indiana. 
In  1861  he  was  com 
missioned  a  briga 
dier-general,  and  in 
1862  was  promoted  to 
major-general  for 
conspicuous  gallant 
ry  at  the  capture  of 

Fort    Donelson.     He 

was     United     States 

minister  to  Paraguay.  He  was  governor 
of  the  territory  of  New  Mexico  from  1878 
to  1881,  and  in  1882  was  appointed  United 
States  minister  to  Turkey,  serving  until 
1885.  He  is  the  author  of  Ben  Hur,  a 
Tale  of  the  Christ,  which  has  been  ex 
tremely  popular,  but  neither  this  nor  his 
other  romances  have  met  the  entire  ap 
proval  of  literary  critics.  His  other  works 
include,  The  Fair  God,  an  Aztec  Story; 
The  Prince  of  India;  The  Boyhood  of 
Christ;  and  Life  of  General  Benjamin 
Harrison. 

WALLACE.  NATHANIEL  DICK,  manu 
facturer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  27, 
1845.  in  Columbia,  Tenn.  He  has  been 
elected  twice  as  president  of  the  New  Or 
leans  Produce  exchange,  and  is  also  active 
in  manufacturing  interests,  and  is  presi 
dent  of  two  large  factories  in  New  Or 
leans.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress  from  Louisiana. 

WALLACE,  RODNEY,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1823,  in 
New  Ipswich,  N.  H.  He  was  representa 
tive  to  the  general  court  of  Massachusetts 
in  1873;  was  councilor  of  state  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1880,  1881  and  1882,  and  was 


elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

WALLACE,  SAMUEL  L.,  lawyer  was 
born  Aug.  9,  1849,  in  Pickaway  county, 
Ohio.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the 
district  school,  and 
attended  the  Lincoln 
university  of  Lin 
coln,  111.,  where  he 
has  attained  success 
as  an  able  lawyer. 
He  was  city  attorney 
during  188  6-89 
state's  attorney  of 
Logan  county  during 
1888-92;  and  in  1893- 
94  was  postmaster  of 
his  city.  He  has 

filled  numerous  other  public  positions  of 
trust  in  his  city,  county  and  state. 

WALLACE,  MRS.  SUSAN  E.,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1830,  in  Craw- 
fordsville,  Ind.  She  is  the  wife  of  Gen. 
Lew  Wallace,  the  author  of  Ben  Hur.  She 
is  the  author  of  The  Storied  Sea;  Ginevra, 
a  Christmas  Story;  The  Land  of  the  Pueb 
los;  and  The  Repose  in  Egypt. 

WALLACE,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Nov.  28,  1827,  in  Clearfield,  Pa.  In  1862 
he  was  elected  to  the  Pennsylvania  state 
senate,  and  served  by  re-elections  until 
1871,  when  he  was  made  speaker  of  that 
body.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in  con 
gress  for  the  term  commencing  in  1875, 
and  ending  in  1881. 

WALLACE,  WILLIAM  COPELAND, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  21, 
1856,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  assistant 
United  States  attorney  for  the  southern 
district  of  New  York  in  1880-83,  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

WALLACE,  WILLIAM  H.,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
July  17,  1811,  in  Miami  county,  Ohio.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  of 
Iowa,  and  served  as  speaker  and  also  as 
president  of  the  state  council.  He  re 
moved  to  Washington  territory  in  1853, 
and  served  several  sessions  in  the  terri 
torial  legislature.  In  1861  he  was  appoint 
ed  governor  of  Washington  territory;  and 
was  elected  a  delegate  therefrom  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress.  He  was  appoint 
ed  the  first  governor  of  Idaho  territory, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress  as  a  delegate  from  Idaho. 

WALLACE,  WILLIAM  HARVEY 
LAMB,  soldier,  was  born  July  8,  1821,  in 
Urbana,  Ohio.  He  moved  to  Illinois  and 
practiced  law  until 
1846.  He  then  vol 
unteered  as  a  private 
in  the  Mexican  war. 
He  also  served  with 
distinction  in  the 
civil  war.  and  was 
made  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volun 
teers.  He  was  en 
gaged  in  the  battles 
of  Fort  Henry  and 
I  Fort  Donelson,  and 
subsequently  served 

with  distinction  on  the  field  of  Shiloh.  He 
was  killed  in  battle  April  10,  1862,  in 
Savannah.  Tenn. 

WALLACE,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  April  14,  1839,  in  Syra 
cuse.  N.  Y.  He  was  mayor  of  Syracuse, 
N.  Y..  in  1873  and  1874,  and  was  appointed 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  north 
ern  district  of  New  York  in  1874.  In  1882 
he  was  appointed  United  States  circuit 
judge  for  the  second  judicial  circuit. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


975 


WALLACE,  WILLIAM  ROSS,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  in  1819  in  Lexington,  Ky. 
He  was  a  lawyer  and  verse-writer  of  New 
York  city,  and  the  author  of  Perdita;  Al- 
ban;  and  Meditations  in  America,  and 
Other  Poems.  The  Liberty  Bell  is  his 
best-known  poem.  He  died  May  5,  1881, 
in  New  York  city. 

WALLACE,  WILLIAM  VINCENT,  com 
poser,  was  born  June  1,  1814,  in  Ireland. 
He  was  the  author  of  Maritana;  Matilda 
of  Hungary;  Lurline;  The  Amber  Witch; 
The  Desert  Flower;  Gulmare  and  Olga; 
and  Maid  of  Zurich.  He  died  Oct.  12,  1865, 
in  France. 

WALLACK,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  actor, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1794,  in  England.  For 
about  twenty-five  years  he  acted  in  Amer 
ica  and  Europe.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1864,  in 
New  York  city. 

WALLACK,  LESTER,  dramatist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1820  in  New  York.  He 
was  a  noted  comedian  and  dramatist  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  The 
Veteran;  and  Rosedale.  He  died  Sept.  6, 
1888,  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

WALLBER,  EMIL,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Germany.  He  was  a  noted  law 
yer  and  jurist  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and 
served  that  city  as  mayor  during  1884-88. 
WALLEN,  HENRY  DAVIES,  soldier, 
was  born  April  19,  1819,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 
He  served  in  the  Florida,  Texas  and  civil 
wars;  and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1866,  in  New- 
York  city. 

WALLER,  ELWYN,  chemist,  author, 
was  born  March  22,  1846,  in  New  York 
city.  He  has  been  an  instructor  of  analy 
tical  chemistry  in  various  institutions, 
and  has  published  numerous  works  on 
that  science. 

WALLER,  FRANK,  artist,  author,  was 
born  June  12,  1842,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  in  1875  of  the 
Art  Students'  league,  of  which  he  was  also 
the  first  president,  and  for  which  he  wrote 
Report  on  Art  Schools.  He  has  -adopted 
architecture  as  a  profession,  and  now  de 
votes  his  attention  principally  to  that  art. 
WALLER,  JOHN  LIGHTFOOT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1809,  in 
Woodford  county,  Ky.  In  1845  he  estab 
lished  the  Western  Baptist  Review,  after 
ward  called  the  Christian  Repository,  in 
Louisville,  Ky.,  of  which  he  remained  ed 
itor  until  his  death.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1854, 
in  Louisville,  Ky. 

WALLER,  THOMAS  McDONALD,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
about  1840  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  Connecticut  state 
legislature  in  1867,  1868,  1872  and  1876, 
and  was  speaker  of  the  house  during  the 
latter  term.  He  was  secretary  of  state  in 
1870,  and  was  state's  attorney  from  18  76 
until  1883,  when  he  resigned  to  enter 
upon  the  duties  of  governor  of  Connecti 
cut,  to  which  office  he  had  been  elected 
the  previous  November  for  the  term  of 
two  years. 

WALLEY,  SAMUEL  H.,  lawyer,  bank 
er,  congressman,  governor,  was  born  Aug. 
31,  1805,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  legis 
lature  for  eight  sessions,  and  speaker  of 
the  house  for  two  years.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1853  to  1855, 
and  on  his  return  from  Washington  was 
the  whig  candidate  for  governor  of  Massa 
chusetts,  but  was  defeated.  He  was  a 
bank  commissioner  in  1858;  and  in  1859 
became  president  of  the  Revere  bank  of 
Boston. 

WALLING,  ANSEL  T.,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  state  senator,  governor,  was  born 
Jan.  10,  1824,  in  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.  He 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1843  and  was  editor  of 


the  Mahoning  Index  and  Coshocton  Demo 
crat,  and  for  a  time  of  the  Keokuk  Daily 
Times  in  Iowa.  In  1865  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate,  and  in  1867  was  elected 
to  the  state  assembly  and  made  speaker. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

WALL1S,  JAMES  HEARKNETT,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  April 
13,  1861,  in  London,  England.  He  has 
been  a  school  teacher,  justice  of  the  peace, 
prosecuting  attorney  and  lieutenant-col 
onel  in  the  Idaho  national  guards.  He  is 
the  editor  and  manager  of  The  Post  of 
Paris,  Idaho,  which  was  established  in 
1880,  and  is  the  organ  of  the  mormon 
church  in  Idaho. 

WALLIS,  SEVERN  TEACKLE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1816,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Baltimore, 
and  the  author  of  Glimpses  ot  Spain;  and 
Spain:  her  Institutions,  Politics,  and  Pub 
lic  Men.  A  memorial  edition  of  his  writ 
ings  in  four  volumes  was  published  in 
1896.  He  died  in  1894. 

WALLS,  JOSIAH  T.,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1842,  in  Win 
chester,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Vir 
ginia  state  legislature  in  1868;  and  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1869.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-second  congress, 
but  his  seat  was  successfully  contested. 

WALN,  ROBERT,  merchant,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1765,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  a  prominent  mer 
chant  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  from  Pennsylvania  fr&m 
1798  to  1801  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was 
then  re-elected.  He  was  the  author  of  An 
swer  to  the  Anti-Protection  Report  of 
Henry  Lee;  and  Seven  Letters  to  Elias 
Hicks,  widely  read  at  the  time  of  their 
appearance.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1836,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WALN,  ROBERT,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Oct.  25,  1794,  in  Philadelphia.  He 
was  a  Philadelphia  writer,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Hermit  in  America;  American 
Bards,  a  satire;  Sisyphi  Opus,  with  Other 
Poems;  and  Life  of  Lafayette.  He  died 
July  4,  1825,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

WALSER,    GEORGE    H.,    soldier,    law 
yer,  poet,  was  born  May  26,  1834,  in  Dear 
born  county,  Ind.     In  1857  he  began  the 
practice    of    law    in 
Middleport,   111.,   and 
in   1861   he   was    the 
first   man   to   volun 
teer     as     a     soldier, 
^^^^^^^^^   and  was  elected  cap- 
'    J  I    tain    of    company    I, 

I  twentieth  regiment 
I  Illinois  volunteer  in 
fantry.  Failing  health 
caused  his  resigna 
tion,  and  in  1863  he 
settled  in  Missouri, 
and  three  years  later 

resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
and  has  had  great  success  as  a  lawyer  in 
the  circuit  and  supreme  courts.  He  has 
written  a  volume  entitled  Poems  of  Lei 
sure,  which  was  published  in  1891.  Mr. 
Walser  has  a  wife  and  two  children.  He 
is  still  a  resident  of  Liberal,  Mo.,  which 
town  he  laid  out  in  1881,  founding  the 
town  on  the  basis  of  free  thought  and 
mental  liberty.  He  here  also  founded 
the  Spiritual  Institute  and  Home,  of  which 
institution  he  is  professor  of  psychology. 
He  has  in  preparation  a  most  commend 
able  work  entitled  Floral  Tribute,  em 
bracing  the  language  of  flowers  and  em 
blems,  with  a  poetical  description  of  each. 
He  is  the  author  of  Poems  of  Leisure; 
Floral  Tribute;  and  other  works. 


WALSER,  ZEB  VANCE,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,    legal    author,    was    born    June    17, 
1863,   in   Davidson  county,  N.  C.     He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of 
A.   B.  from  the  uni 
versity  of  North  Car 
olina,  and  the  degree 
df    1. 1..    U.    from    the 
I    law  school  of  the  uni- 
I    versity  of  Michigan. 
He   has   three   times 
been    a    member    of 
the    North    Carolina 
state          legislature; 
served   with   distinc 
tion  as  a  state  sena 
tor,  and  was  elected 

speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives, 
of  the  North  Carolina  general  assembly. 
He  is  now  attorney-general  of  North  Car 
olina;  is  the  author  of  the  monograph 
on  Cross  Examination  of  Witnesses,  and 
other  works.  He  has  been  trustee  of  th'e 
university  of  North  Carolina;  attorney 
of  the  Southern  Railway  company,  and 
at  the  time  of  his  election  to  the  assembly 
was  the  youngest  speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives  and  attorney-general  in 
the  history  of  the  state. 

WALSH,  BENJAMIN  DANN,  entomol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1808,  In 
England.  He  was  associated  with  Charles 
V.  Riley  in  founding  the  American  Ento 
mologist  in  1868  in  Illinois,  and  was  its 
senior  editor  until  his  death.  He  pub 
lished  Walsh's  Comedies  of  Aristophanes. 
He  died  Nov.  18,  1869,  in  Rock  Island,  111. 
WALSH,  CHARLES  CLINTON,  educat 
or,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  May  29,  1867, 
in  Kirkwood,  111.  For  seven  years  he  was 
teacher  and  principal  of  public  schools  in 
Illinois.  He  is  the  author  of  three  vol 
umes  entitled  The  Student's  Quiz  Books, 
designed  for  the  use  of  law  students, 
which  received  the  endorsement  of  the 
faculty  of  the  law  department  of  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan,  of  which  institute 
he  was  a  graduate.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  profession  of  law  at  Gonzales, 
Texas,  and  takes  a  prominent  part  in 
public  affairs. 

WALSH,  JAMES  J.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  22, 1858,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880 
and  has  practiced  law  in  New  York  city 
ever  since.  He  was  inspector  of  common 
schools  in  New  York  city  for  two  terms, 
six  years,  but  resigned  when  nominated 
for  congress.  He  was  elected  to  the  fif 
ty-fourth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

WALSH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Feb.  26,  1850,  in  Ireland.  In  1876  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  served  as 
mayor  of  New  Britain,  Conn.,  four  times. 
For  ten  years  he  was  judge  of  probate 
court,  and  since  1893  has  been  associate 
judge  of  court  of  common  pleas. 

WALSH,  JOHN  JOHNSON,  missionary, 
author,  was  born  April  4,  1820,  in  New- 
burg,  N.  Y.  In  1874  he  was  pastor  at 
Millerton,  N.  Y.,  for  two  years,  and  sub 
sequently  in  Amenia.  He  had  just  left 
India  for  the  United  States,  and  thus  es 
caped  the  massacre  of  the  mission  at  Fut- 
tehghur  by  the  Sepoys  in  1857.  He  pub 
lished  A  Memorial  of  the  Futtehghur  Mis 
sion  and  her  Martyred  Missionaries.  He 
died  Feb.  7,  1884,  in  Amenia,  N.  Y. 

WALSH,  MICHAEL,  educator,  author, 
was  born  in  1763  in  Ireland.  He  was  a 
popular  educator  of  Massachusetts 
who  published  a  Mercantile  Arithmetic, 
and  a  New  System  of  Bookkeeping.  He 
died  Aug.  20,  1840,  in  Amesbury,  Mass. 

WALSH,  MICHAEL,  journalist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  7,  1810,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1853  to  1855. 
He  died  March  17,  1859,  in  New  York  city. 


974 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WALSH,  PATRICK,  journalist,  state 
legislator,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  1,  1840,  in  Ireland.  In  1862  he  moved 
to  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  for  forty-two  years 
has  been  connected  with  the  press  of 
that  city,  most  of  the  time  as  manager 
and  editor  of  the  Augusta  Chronicle, 
which  was  established  in  1785.  In  1870 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  city  coun 
cil  of  Augusta,  and  in  1873-77  he  served 
as  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  from 
Richmond  county.  In  1894  he  was  ap 
pointed  senator  from  Georgia  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 

WALSH,  ROBERT,  public  official,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1784  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  a  prominent  Philadel- 
phian  who  was  United  States  consul  at 
Paris  in  1845-51.  In  1811  he  established 
the  American  Review  of  History  and  Poli 
tics,  the  first  quarterly  in  the  United 
States.  He  was  the  author  of  An  Appeal 
from  the  Judgments  of  Great  Britain; 
Letter  on  the  Genius  and  Disposition  of 
the  French  Government;  Correspondence 
Respecting  Russia;  Didactics;  and  The 
Museum  of  Foreign  Literature  and  Sci 
ence.  He  died  Feb.  7,  1859,  in  Paris, 
France. 


H,  T.,  poet.  He  is  a  writer  of 
Ixjuisville,  Ky.,  and  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  Poems. 

WALorf,  THOMAS  Y.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1851  to  1853. 

WALSH,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  11,  1828,  in  Ireland. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  a  representative  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

WALSH,  WILLIAM  SHEPARD,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1854,  in 
France.  He  w,as  a  Philadelphia  writer, 
editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazine  in 
1886-90,  and  the  author  of  Authors  and 
Authorship;  Pen  Pictures  of  Earlier  Vic 
torian  Authors;  Faust:  the  Legend  and 
the  Poem;  Paradoxes  of  a  Philistine;  Pen 
Pictures  of  Modern  Authors;  and  Our 
Young  Folks'  History  of  the  Roman  Em 
pire.  He  died  about  1896. 

WALTER,  ALFRED,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Oct.  2,  1851,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Since  1894  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Delaware,  Susquehanna  and  Schuylkill 
railroad. 

WALTER,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  organ 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1851,  in  New  York 
city.  As  an  organist  he  is  known  for  his 
powers  in  extemporaneous  performance 
and  novelty  in  registration.  His  musical 
library  contains  more  than  eight  thou 
sand  works. 

WALTER,  NEHEMIAH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  December,  1663,  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  a  pastor  at  Roxbury,  Mass., 
from  1688  until  his  death,  and  the 
author  of  The  Sense  of  Indwelling  Sin" 
in  the  Unregenerate;  Sermons;  and  Prac 
tical  Discourses  on  the  Holiness  of  Hea 
ven.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1750,  in  Roxbury, 
Mass. 

WALlER,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1696,  in  Roxbury, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man,  the  colleague  of  his  father,  and  the 
author  of  Grounds  and  Rules  of  Music 
Explained;  and  Infallibility  May  Some 
times  Mistake.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1725,  in 
Roxbury,  Mass. 

WALTER,  THOMAS,  botanist,  author, 
was  born  about  1740  in  England.  He  was 
a  successful  planter  near  Charleston,  S.  C., 
and  in  1788  published  a  work  entitled 
Flora  Caroliniana.  He  died  in  1788  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 


WALTER,  THOMAS  USTICK,  archi 
tect,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1804,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  Among  the  many  monuments 
of  his  skill  as  designer  and  architect,  are 
the  Girard  college,  perhaps  the  finest  spe 
cimen  of  classical  architecture  in  Amer 
ica;  the  iron  dome  and  extension  of  the 
capitol  at  Washington,  east  and  west 
wings  of  the  patent  office,  and  extension 
of  the  general  postoffice.  He  died  Oct.  30, 
1887,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WALTER,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  was 
born  Oct.  7,  1737,  in  Roxbury,  Mass.  In 
1792  he  became  rector  of  Christ  church 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  where  he  ministered  till 
his  death.  In  1796  he  was  invited  to  de 
liver  the  Dudleian  lecture  at  Harvard  col 
lege,  and  in  1798  he  pronounced  the  anni 
versary  discourse  before  the  Massachu 
setts  Humane  society,  which  was  pub 
lished.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1800,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

WALTER,  WILLIAM  BICKER,  author, 
poet,  was  born  April  19,  1796,  in  Boston, 
Mass,  ne  was  a  poet  who  published  Po 
ems;  and  Sukey,  suggested  by  Halleck's 
Fanny.  He  died  April  23,  1822,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

WALTER,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  musi 
cian,  author,  was  born  July  1,  1825,  in 
Newark,  N.  J.  He  was  appointed  organ 
ist  at  Columbia  college,  New  York,  in 
1856,  with  which  he  is  still  connected. 
His  published  works  are  Manual  of 
Church  Music;  Chorals  and  Hymns; 
Common  Prayer  with  Ritual  Song;  Les 
sons  in  Music;  and  Mass  in  C,  with  Latin 
and  English  text. 

WALTERS,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  legislat 
or,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1835,  in  Hamilton 
county,  Tenn.  In  1870  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Tennessee  constitutional  conven 
tion,  and  in  1871-72  was  representative  in 
the  state  legislature.  He  is  now  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers  of  Texas  at  Waxa- 
hachie,  where  for  six  years  he  has  served 
with  distinction  as  district  attorney. 

WALTERS,  WILLIAM  THOMPSON, 
merchant,  author,  was  born  May  23,  1820, 
in  Juniata  River,  Pa.  He  was  a  merchant 
of  Baltimore,  long  prominent  as  an  art 
patron,  and  the  author  of  Antoine  Louis 
Barye,  from  the  French  of  Various  Cri 
tics;  The  Percheron  Horse,  from  the 
French  of  Du  Hays;  and  Notes  upon  Cer 
tain  Masters  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 
He  died  in  1891. 

WALTHALL,  EDWARD  CARY,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  legislator,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  4, 
1831,  in  Richmond, 
Va.  He  received  a'n 
academic  education 
at  Holly  Springs, 
Mississippi;  studied 
law  at  Holly  Springs, 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1852,  and  com 
menced  the  practice 
of  law  the  same  year 
in  Coffeeville,  Miss. 
In  1856  he  was  elect 
ed  district  attorney 
for  the  tenth  judicial 

district  of  Mississippi,   and  re-elected  in 
1859,  resigning  that  office  in  the  spring  01 

1861.  He   then    entered    the   confederate 
service    as   a   lieutenant    in   the    fifteenth 
Mississippi  regiment;  was  soon  after  elect 
ed  lieutenant-colonel  of  that  regiment.    In 
the  spring  of  1862  he  was  elected  colonel 
of  the  twenty-ninth  Mississippi  regiment, 
and  was  promoted  to  brigadier-general  in 

1862,  and   major-goneral    in   1864.     After 
the  surrender  he  practiced  law  at  Coffee 
ville  until  1871,  when  he  moved  to  Gre 
nada,  and  there  continued  practice  until 
1885.     He  was  a  drlegate-at-large  to  the 
national   democratic   conventions  of  1868, 


1876,  1880,  1884  and  1896;  except  in  1868 
was  chairman  of  the  Mississippi  delega 
tion  in  these  conventions.  He  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  United  States  senate  in 
1885  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  elected  for 
the  unexpired  term  the  following  year, 
receiving  the  re-election  in  1888,  and 
again  in  1892.  In  1894  he  resigned  on 
account  of  ill  health. 

WALTHER,  CARL  FERDINAND  WIL- 
HELM,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
25,  1811,  in  Saxony.  He  was  a  lutheran 
clergyman  who  came  to  America  in  1839, 
and  was  president  of  the  Lutheran  The-, 
ological  seminary  at  St.  Louis  in  1849-87. 
He  was  the  leader  of  what  are  known  as 
Missouri  lutherans.  He  died  May  7,  1887, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

WALTON,  CHARLES  EDGAR,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  May  30,  1849,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  This  eminent  physician 
and  surgeon  has  been  professor  of  ana 
tomy,  surgery  and  gynecology  in  the  Ho 
meopathic  Medical  society  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  of  which  institution  he  was  presi 
dent  in  1889. 

WALTON,  CHARLES  W.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1819, 
in  Mexico,  Maine.  Removing  to  Andros- 
coggin  county,  Maine,  in  1855,  he  was 
elected  attorney  for  that  county  in  1857, 
which  office  he  held  until  1860,  when  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Maine 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress.  In  1862 
he  resigned  his  seat  in  congress,  and  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Maine. 

WALTON,  CLIFFORD  STEVENS,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  March  2,  1861,  near 
Chardon,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  Span 
ish-American  lawyer  of  Washington,  D. 
C.  He  has  contributed  a  number  of  arti 
cles  to  current  literature  on  international 
law  subjects,  and  his  life  and  experience 
in  Spain. 

WALTON,  E.  P.,  journalist,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  17, 
1812,  in  Montpelier,  Vt.  He  edited  the 
Vermont  Watchman,  and  served  in  the 
Vermont  state  legislature  as  a  represent 
ative  one  term.  He  was  then  elected  a 
representative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  and 
thirty-seventh  congresses.  After  leaving 
congress  he  resumed  the  editorship  of  his 
journal  in  Montpelier,  Vt. 

WALTON,  GEORGE,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  in 
1740  in  Frederick  county,  Va.  In  1776  he 
was  a  delegate  to  congress  from  Georgia, 
and  a  signer  of  the  declaration  of  inde 
pendence  and  the  articles  of  confedera 
tion.  In  1779  he  was  chosen  governor  of 
the  state.  In  1780  he  was  again  sent  to 
congress;  in  1783  was  appointed  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  state,  and  in  1787  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  convention  for  framing  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States,  but 
declined  taking  his  seat.  In  1789  he  was  a 
presidential  elector,  and  in  1793  was  asaiu 
judge  of  the  supreme  court.  He  died  Feb. 
2,  1804,  in  Augusta,  Ga. 

WALTON,  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1822,  in 
Wakefield,  Mass.  He  received  a  thorough 
collegiate  training;  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  educator.  He  has  been  princi 
pal  of  various  schools  in  Massachusetts, 
and  for  twenty-five  years  was  the  agent 
of  the  Massachusetts  state  board  of  edu 
cation.  He  has  been  conductor  of  in 
stitutes  in  the  states  of  Massachusetts, 
New  York  and  Virginia.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  several  works  on  arithmetic,  and 
has  contributed  extensively  to  educational 
journals. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


975 


WALTON,  GEORGE  EDWARD,  physi 
cian,  educator,  author,  was  born  Deo.  25, 
1839,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  is  a  Cincin 
nati  physician,  professor  of  medicine  in 
Cincinnati  college  from  1880,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Mineral  Springs  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada. 

WALTON,  MATTHEW,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1803  to  1807,  and  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1809.  He  died  Jan.  18, 
1819. 

WALWORTH,  CLARENCE  ALPHON- 
SUS,  clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born 
May  30,  1820,  in  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.  He  is 
a  Roman  catholic  clergyman  who  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Paulist  order  in  the 
United  States,  a  prominent  temperance 
advocate,  and  since  1864  rector  of  St. 
Mary's,  Albany.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Gentle  Sceptic;  The  Doctrine  of  Hell;  and 
Andiatoroctfi,  and  Other  Poems. 

WALWORTH,  MRS.  ELLEN  [HAR- 
DIN],  author,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1832,  in 
Jacksonville,  111.  She  is  a  Saratoga  writer 
who  has  published  Saratoga,  the  Battle 
Ground. 

WALWORTH,  ELLEN  HARDIN,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1858,  in  Saratoga 
Springs.  She  is  the  author  of  An  Old 
World  as  Seen  Through  Young  Eyes. 

WALWORTH,  MRS.  JEANETTE 
RITCHIE  [HADERMANN],  author,  was 
born  Feb.  22,  1837,  in  Philadelphia.  She 
is  a  novelist  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Dead  Men's  Shoes;  The  Bar 
Sinister;  The  Man  at  Rossmere;  At  Bay; 
Southern  Silhouettes;  Forgiven  at  Last; 
Baldy's  Point;  The  Silent  Witness;  Heavy 
Yokes;  An  Old  Fogy;  The  Little  Radical; 
ind  Uncle  Scipio. 

WALWORTH,  JOHN,  pioneer,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1765  in  Groton,  Conn. 
He  settled  at  Painesville,  Ohio,  in  1800, 
and  in  1802  was  made  justice  of  the  peace 
for  Trumbull  county.  In  1803  he  was  ap 
pointed  associate  judge  of  the  superior 
court.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1812,  in  Cleve 
land,  Ohio. 

WALWORTH,  MANSFIELD  TRACY, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1830,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  once  well 
known  as  a  writer  of  extremely  sensa 
tional  romances;  and  the  author  of  Bev 
erly;  Warwick;  Lulu;  Delaplene;  Storm- 
cliff;  Mission  of  Death;  and  Tahara,  a 
Leaf  from  Empire.  He  died  June  3,  1873, 
in  New  York  city. 

WALWORTH,  REUBEN  HYDE,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  26,  1788,  in  Bozrah,  Conn.  He 
was  an  attorney  of 
the  supreme  court  of 
New  York;  and  set 
tled  at  Plattsburg  in 
1811.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  house 
o  f  representatives 
during  the  seven 
teenth  congress;  de 
clined  a  re-election; 
and  was  appointed  a 
circuit  judge  in  1823. 
In  1828  he  was  made 
chancellor  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  which  office  he  held 
for  twenty  years,  when  the  office  was 
abolished.  He  was  the  author  of  Rules 
and  Orders  of  the  New  York  Court  of 
Chancery;  and  The  Hyde  Genealogy.  He 
died  Nov.  27,  1867,  in  Saratoga  Springs, 
N.  Y. 

WALWORi'H,  REUBENA  HYDE,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1867,  in  Louisville, 
Ky.  She  is  the  author  of  Where  Was 
Elsie?,  a  comedietta. 


WALWORTH,  WARREN  S.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1838,  in  Jef 
ferson  county,  N.  Y.  In  1894  he  became 
president  of  the  York  Southern  railroad 
at  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WANAMAKER,  JOHN,  merchant,  cab 
inet  officer,  was  born  July  11,  1838,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the  leading  mer 
chant  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1886  he  de 
clined  the  nomination  for  mayor  of  Phil 
adelphia  tendered  by  independent  repub 
licans.  He  was  appointed  postmaster- 
general  March  4,  1889. 

WANGER,  IRVING  PRICE,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  March  5,  1852,  in 
North  Coventry,  Pa.  He  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Montgomery  county,  Pa., 
in  1880  and  again  in  1886.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican. 

WANTON,  JOSEPH,  merchant,  govern 
or,  was  born  in  1705  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He 
was  governor  of  Rhode  Island  during 
1769-75.  He  died  July  19,  1780,  in  New 
port,  R.  I. 

WARD,  A.  H.,  congressman.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
WARD,  AARON,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  July  5,  1790, 
in  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.  In  1814  he  served  in 
the  regular  army  as 
a  captain.  After  the 
war  he  became  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the 
county  of  Westchest- 
er;  and  subsequently 
attained  the  position 
of  major-general  of 
the  New  York  mili 
tia.  He  served  as  a 
representative  i  n 
congress  from  1825 
to  1829,  from  1831  to 
1837,  and  from  1841 
to  1843.  In  1846  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention.  He  was 
the  author  of  Around  the  Pyramids,  a  vol 
ume  of  travel.  He  died  March  2,  1867,  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C. 

WARD,  ANDREW  HENSHAW,  lawyer, 
antiquarian,  author,  was  born  May  26, 
1784,  in  Shrewsbury,  Mass.  He  was  a  law 
yer  of  Shrewsbury,  Mass.,  and  subsequent 
ly  of  Newton  in  the  same  state;  and  the 
author  of  History  of  Shrewsbury;  Gene 
alogy  of  the  Rice  Family;  and  The  Ward 
Family.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1864,  in  Newton- 
ville,  Mass. 

WARD,  ANNA  LYDIA,  author,  was 
born  about  1850  in  Bloomfield,  N.  J.  She 
assisted  in  compiling  a  Dictionary  of  Quo 
tations,  and  has  published  A  Dictionary 
of  Quotations  from  the  Poets;  Surf  and 
Wave;  and  a  History  of  Waterbury. 

WARD,  ARTEMAS,  soldier,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1727  in  Shrewsbury,  Mass.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  Massachusetts  leg 
islature;  and  was  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  for  the  county  of  Wor 
cester.  In  1775  he  was  appointed  major- 
general  of  the  American  army.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  provincial  congress,  and 
a  representative  in  the  United  States  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1791  to 
1795.  He  died  Oct.  28,1800,  in  Shrewsbury, 
Mass. 

WARD,  ARTEMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1762,  in 
Shrewsbury,  Mass.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Massachu 
setts  from  1813  to  1817;  and  in  1821  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  of  the  state,  which  office 


he  held  for  nineteen  years.     He  died  Oct. 
7,  1847,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WARD,  DURBIN,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1819,  in  Augusta,  Ky. 
He  served  through  the  civil  war,  and  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  in  1865.  He 
entered  the  Ohio  state  senate  in  1870. 
The  plan  of  the  present  circuit  court 
system  of  Ohio  was  drafted  by  him.  He 
began,  but  did  not  live  to  complete,  a 
work  on  constitutional  law,  to  be  entitled 
The  Federal  Institutes.  A  volume  of  his 
speeches  was  published  by  his  widow  in 
1888.  He  died  May  22,  1886,  in  Lebanon 
Ohio. 

WARD,  DUREN  JAMES  HENDERSON, 
educator,  clergyman,  lecturer,  author,  was 
born  June  17,  1851,  in  Canada.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  high  schools  of  Memphis,  Mich.;  and 
attended  the  Hillsdale  college,  Harvard 
university,  Berlin  university,  and  Leipsic 
university;  and  has  had  the  degrees  of 
D.  B.,  A.  M.,  and  Ph.  D.,  conferred  upon 
him.  During  1879-82  he  was  principal  of 
the  New  Lyme  academy,  Ohio;  in  1887- 
89  librarian  of  Harvard  Divinity  school; 
and  in  1888-89  was  a  lecturer  on  philos 
ophy  in  the  Harvard  university.  In  1889- 
91  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Adler 
Ethical  Society  school  of  New  York  city; 
and  during  1891-94  lecturer  to  the  Science 
Sermons  society.  Since  1895  he  has  been 
minister  to  the  Unitarian  society  of  Dover 
N.  H. 

WARD,  EDGAR  MELVILLE,  artist, 
was  born  Feb.  24,  1839,  in  Urbana,  Ohio. 
His  Brittany  Washerwomen  was  at  the 
salon  of  1876,  the  Philadelphia  exhibition 
of  1876,  and  at  Paris  in  1878  with  Vene 
tian  Water-Carriers  and  The  Sabot- 
Maner. 

WARD,  ELIJAH,  merchant,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  16, 
1816,  in  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Mercantile  Library  associa 
tion  of  New  York  city  in  1839.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  thirty-fifth  congress;  in  1860 
was  elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  con 
gress,  and  in  1862  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress.  He  was,  for  several  years,  judge 
advocate-general  of  New  York  with  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general;  and  was  also 
elected  to  the  forty-fourth  congress.  He 
died  Feb.  7,  1882,  in  Roslyn,  N.  Y. 

WARD,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  STUART 
[PHELPS],  author,  was  born  in  1844  in 
Massachusetts.  She  has  recently  lived  in 
Newton,  Mass.  The  publication  in  1869 
of  The  Gates  Ajar,  a  tale  whose  theme 
is  the  life  of  departed  spirits  in  the  next 
world,  aroused  much  discussion,  and  in 
stantly  made  its  author  famous.  She  has 
since  pursued  the  same  motive  in  Be 
yond  the  Gates,  and  The  Gates  Between. 
She  is  the  author  of  Hedged  In;  The  Si 
lent  Partner;  Sealed  Orders,  and  Other 
Stories;  Men,  Women,  and  Ghosts; 
Friends:  a  Duet;  Dr.  Zay;  The  Story 
of  Avis;  An  Old  Maid's  Paradise,  and 
Burglars  in  Paradise;  Fourteen  to  One, 
a  book  of  short  stories;  Donald  Marcy; 
Jack  the  Fisherman;  The  Madonna  of  the 
Tubs;  A  Singular  Life;  The  Supply  at 
St.  Agatha's;  The  Master  of  the  Magi 
cians  (with  H.  D.  Ward) ;  Come  Forth 
(with  H.  D.  Ward);  What  to  Wear?;  The 
Struggle  for  Immortality,  a  collection  of 
essays;  and  Chapters  from  a  Life,  an 
autobiography.  Less  widely  known  as  a 
poet,  her  Poetic  Studies,  and  Songs  of  the 
Silent  World,  perhaps  represent  her  higfi- 
est  point  of  attainment.  Her  juvenile 
books  include,  Gypsey's  Rainy  Day  Book; 
My  Cousin  and  I;  The  Trotty  Book;  and 
Trotty's  Wedding  Tour  and  Story  Book. 


976 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WARD,  FERDINAND  DE  WILTON, 
missionary,  author,  was  born  July  9,  1812, 
in  Bergen,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
missionary  in  India  in  1836-47,  and  subse 
quently  a  minister  in  Geneseo,  N.  Y.  He 
is  the  author  of  India  and  the  Hindoos; 
Christian  Gift,  or  Pastoral  Letters  Upon 
Character;  Summer  Vacation  Abroad; 
and  History  of  the  Churches  of  Rochester, 
N.  Y. 

WARD,  FLORENCE  NIGHTINGALE, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  July  10, 
1860,  in  San  Francisco.  She  has  the  larg 
est  practice  of  any  woman  physician  west 
of  Chicago,  and  has  written  extensively 
for  medical  journals. 

WARD,  HAMILTON,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  July  3,  1829,  in  Salisbury, 
N.  Y.  In  1856  he  was  elected  district  at 
torney  for  Allegany  county  at  Belmont, 
holding  the  office  three  years,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1862.  During  that  year  he  was 
active  in  raising  and  organizing  state 
troops.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  fortieth  and  forty-first  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

WARD,  HENRY,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  27,  1732,  in  Rhode  Island.  He 
was  appointed  secretary  of  Rhode  Island 
in  1760;  was  a  supporter  of  the  revolu 
tion;  and  a  member  of  the  congress 
which  met  in  New  York  in  1765.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  committee  of  correspond 
ence  during  the  revolution;  and  held  the 
office  of  secretary  from  his  appointment 
until  his  death.  He  died  in  December, 
1797. 

WARD,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  March  9,  1834,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  naturalist  of 
note,  professor  in  the  university  of  Ro 
chester  in  1860-75;  and  the  author  of 
Notices  of  the  Megatherium  Cuvieri;  and 
Description  of  the  Most  Celebrated  Fossil 
Animals  in  Royal  Museums  of  Europe. 

WARD,  HENRY  DANA,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1797  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  prominent 
as  an  opponent  of  Freemasonry;  and  the 
author  of  Freemasonry:  Its  Pretensions; 
The  Gospel  of  the  Kingdom;  The  History 
of  the  Cross;  and  The  Faith  of  Abraham 
and  Christ.  He  died  in  1884. 

WARD,  HERBERT  DICKINSON,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1861  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Captain  of  the 
Kittie  Wink;  A  Dash  to  the  Pole;  The 
New  Senior  at  Andover;  The  White 
Crown,  and  Other  Stories;  and  The 
Burglar  Who  Moved  Paradise. 

WARD,  HORATIO,  banker,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  in  1810  in  New  York  city. 
He  bequeathed  $100,000  to  the  National 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  home  of  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. ;  and  an  equal  sum  for  the 
education  of  soldiers'  orphans.  He  died 
in  April,  1868,  in  England. 

WARD,  JAMES  H.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1853,  in  Chicago, 
111.  He  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
in  Chicago;  and  was  elected  supervisor  of 
the  town  of  West  Chicago  in  1879.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1884;  and  in 
the  same  year  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

WARD,  JAMES  HARMAN,  naval  of 
ficer,  author,  was  born  in  1806  in  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  He  was  a  United  States  naval 
officer;  and  the  author  of  Elementary 
Course  of  Instruction  in  Naval  Gunnery; 
Manual  of  Naval  Tactics;  and  Steam  for 
the  Million.  He  died  June  27,  1861,  near 
Matthias  Point,  Conn. 


WARD,  JAMES  THOMAS,  educator, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug. 
21,  1820,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.  He  stud 
ied  at  the  Colum 
bian  academy  of 
Washington,  D.  C., 
and  the  Brookville 
academy,  Maryland. 
In  1840  he  was  li 
censed  to  preach; 
and  has  since  at 
tained  eminence  as  a 
clergyman,  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in 
various  prominent 
churches  of  Mary 
land,  Pennsylvania 
and  West  Virginia.  He  is  the  author  of 
Fifty  Short  betters  to  Save  Souls;  A 
Tribute  to  the  Memory  of  George  A. 
Johnson;  Thanksgiving  Sermon  and 
Christmas  Poem;  Sunday  Address  in 
Rhyme;  Daily  Manual  for  Bible  Read 
ers;  and  a  series  of  sixty  papers  entitled 
Sketches  and  Reminiscences  of  American 
Protestant  Ministers.  During  1868-86  he 
was  president  of  the  Western  Maryland 
college;  and  in  1886  was  elected  presi 
dent  ot  the  Westminster  Theological  sem 
inary  of  the  methodist  protestant  church, 
which  position  he  still  holds. 

WARD,  JAMES  WARNER,  poet,  was 
born  June  5,  1817,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  He  is 
a  poet;  librarian  in  1874-95  of  the  Gros- 
venor  library  at  Buffalo;  and  the  author 
of  Home-Made  Verses  and  Stories  in 
Rhyme;  Yorick,  and  Other  Poems;  and 
Higher  Water,  a  parody  upon  Hiawatha. 

WARD,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  March  14,  1861, 
in  Minneapolis,  Minn.  He  held  the  chair 
of  physiology  in  the  Hahnemann  Medical 
college  from  1885-86;  and  is  the  author 
of  A  Year's  Work  at  the  Sanatorium 
Without  a  Death. 

WARD,  JASPER  D.,  lawyer,  congress 
man.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  forty-third  congress; 
and  five  days  after  its  adjournment  was 
appointed  United  States  attorney  for  the 
southern  district  of  Illinois  in  1875. 

WARD,  JOHN,  soldier,  physician,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1838,  in  New 
York  city.  He  is  a  soldier  and  physician 
of  New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  The 
Overland  Route  to  California,  and  Other 
Poems. 

WARD,  JOHN  ELLIOT,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1814,  in  Sunbury, 
Ga.  In  1838  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney  for  Georgia;  and 
the  following  year  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1845 
and  1853;  and  in  1854  was  elected  mayor 
of  Savannah.  In  1857  he  was  elected  a 
state  senator,  and  was  chosen  its  presi 
dent.  During  1859-61  he  was  United 
States  minister  to  China. 

WARD,  JOHN  HENRY  HOBART,  sol 
dier,  was  born  June  17,  1823,  in  New  York 
city.     He   served  with  distinction  in  the 
Mexican     and     civil 
wars;     and    attained 
the    rank    of    briga 
dier-general  in  1862. 
He  took  part  in  the 
first    battle    of   Bull 
Run,    in    which    his 
J^  regiment     lost     one 

hundred  and  twenty- 
^Jf^^^^^       six    men.      He    com- 
^^H  ^PZa:  manded  a  brigade  at 

B^rt  Gettysburg,  the   but  - 
•MBHHHI  '!-''    of    the    Wilder 
ness,  and  in  numer 
ous  other  battles. 

WARD,  JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS,  sculp 
tor,  was  born  June  29,  1830,  in  Urbana, 


Ohio.  In  1861  he  opened  a  studio  in 
New  York,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
The  Indian  Hunter,  completed  in  1864  and 
now  in  the  Central  park,  won  universal 
praise  for  its  excellence  in  design  and  exe 
cution,  and  is  among  the  best  of  his 
statues.  New  York  city  also  possesses 
a  colossal  statue  of  a  citizen  soldier  for 
the  seventh  regiment;  Shakespeare;  and 
a  colossal  statue  of  Washington. 

WARD,  JOHN  TEFFT,  journalist,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1847,  in 
Norway,  N.  Y.  For  twenty  years  this 
eminent  clergyman  has  filled  pastorates 
in  the  free  baptist  church.  He  is  the 
editor  of  The  Free  Baptist  at  Minneap 
olis,  Minn.;  and  author  of  The  Free  Bap 
tist  Cyclopasdia. 

WARD,  JONATHAN,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
a  state  senator  from  Westchester  county, 
N.  Y.,  from  1807  to  1810;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1815  to  1817. 

WARD,  JULIUS  HAMMOND,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  12, 
1837,  in  Charlton,  Mass.  He  was  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  and  journalist  of  Boston 
on  the  staff  of  The  Boston  Herald.  He 
was  the  author  of  Life  of  J.  G.  Percival; 
The  Bible  in  Modern  Thought;  Life  of 
Bishop  White;  Phillips  Brooks  in  Massa 
chusetts;  The  Church  in  Modern  Society; 
and  The  White  Mountains,  a  Guide  to 
Their  Interpretation.  He  died  in  1897. 

WARD,  LESTER  FRANK,  botanist, 
geologist,  author,  was  born  June  18,  1841, 
in  Joliet,  111.  He  is  a  botanist  and  geolo 
gist  employed  in  the  United  States  geo 
logical  survey;  and  is  the  author  of  Guide 
to  the  Flora  of  Washington  and  Vicinity; 
Sketch  of  Paleontological  Botany;  Synop 
sis  of  the  Flora  of  the  Laramie  Group; 
Types  of  the  Laramie  Flora;  Geograph 
ical  Distribution  of  Fossil  Plants;  Dy 
namic  Sociology;  The  Psychic  Factors  of 
Civilization;  and  The  Principles  of 
Sociology. 

WARD,  LULA,  educator,  poet.  She  at 
tained  prominence  as  a  successful  edu 
cator,  has  contributed  extensively  to 
the  periodical  press,  and  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  meritorious  poems. 

WARD,  MARCUS  LAWRENCE,  manu 
facturer,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  Nov.  9,  1812,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  New  Jersey  in 
1865  for  the  term  of  three  years;  and  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  congress.  He 
died  April  25,  1884,  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

WARD,  MARY  EASTMAN,  poet,  was 
born  in  May,  1843,  in  North  Danville,  Vt. 
She  has  written  numerous  poems  of  merit, 
which  have  appeared  in  eastern  publica 
tions,  her  most  notable  poems  being  The 
Flag  of  the  Seventeenth  Vermont  Hegi- 
ment,  and  Signal  Lights. 

WARD,  MARY  SNEDEKOR,  musician, 
author,  was  born  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  She 
graduated  from  the  Troy  Female  college, 
and  afterward  received  instruction  in  the 
languages  under  private  tutors;  and  re 
ceived  her  musical  instruction  from  em 
inent  professors.  She  is  prominent  in 
various  societies;  has  been  vice-president 
of  the  Domestic  Training  association  of 
Orange,  N.  J.;  and  manager  of  the  Orange 
Woman's  exchange;  and  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Daughters  of  the  Revo 
lution  in  New  Jersey,  and  was  its  first 
state  secretary.  She  was  on  the  educa 
tional  committee  of  Essex  county  for 
woman's  work  at  the  World's  Columbian 
exposition.  She  has  visited  every  capital 
city  in  Europe;  has  been  a  correspond 
ent  for  the  metropolitan  press,  and  is- the 
author  of  interesting  Sketches  of  Egypt, 
and  Random  Leaves  of  European  Travel. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCbOPEDTA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


977 


WARD,  MATTHEW  FLOURNOY,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  19, 1826,  in  Scott  coun 
ty,  Ky.  He  was  a  writer  of  Louisville; 
and  the  author  of  Letters  from  Three 
Continents;  and  English  Items.  He  died 
Sept.  30,  1862,  in  Helena,  Ark. 

WARD,  MATTHIAS,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
about  1800  in  Elbert  county,  Ga.  He 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  congress 
of  the  Texas  republic;  and  when  it  be 
came  a  state  was  elected  to  the  legisla 
ture  as  a  senator.  In  1858  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  senator  in  congress  from  Texas  for 
the  term  ending  in  1863.  He  died  Oct.  13, 
1861,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

WARD,  MRS.  MAY  [ALDEN],  author, 
was  born  in  1853  in  Ohio.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  Petrarch;  Dante:  Sketch  of  His 
Life  and  Works;  and  Old  Colony  Days. 

WARD,  MILAN  LESTER,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1830, 
in  Meredith,  N.  Y.  Since  1887  he  has  been 
professor  of  mathematics  in  the  Ottawa 
university,  Kan.,  of  which  institution  he 
has  been  president  for  the  past  three 
years. 

WARD,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1580  in  England.  He  was 
a  puritan  clergyman,  minister  at  Ipswich 
in  1634-36,  and  a  resident  of  the  colony  of 
Massachusetts  until  1646,  when  he  re 
turned  to  England,  and  was  rector  of 
Shenfield  in  Essex,  1647-52.  He  is  famous 
as  the  author  of  The  Simple  Cobbler  of 
Aggavvam  in  America,  a  piece  of  satire 
as  able  as  it  is  vindictive  and  intolerant. 
The  first  code  of  laws  made  in  New  Eng 
land  was  drafted  by  Ward  in  1639,  and 
formally  adopted  in  1644.  It  is  styled  The 
Body  of  Liberties.  Mercurius  Anti-me- 
chanicus,  or  the  Simple  Cobbler's  Boy 
with  His- Lap-full  of  Caveats,  is  usually 
attributed  to  Ward,  and  probably  with 
truth.  Other  writings  ascribed  to  him 
are,  A  Religious  Retreat  Sounded  to  a 
Religious  Army;  and  A  Sermon  Before 
Parliament.  He  died  in  1652  in  England. 

WARD,  RICHARD,  governor,  was  born 
April  15,  1689,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  In  1712- 
13  he  was  attorney-general  of  Rhode 
Island;  recorder  during  1714-30;  and  was 
subsequently  governor  of  Rhode  Island. 
He  died  Aug.  21,  1763,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

WARD,  RICHARD  HALSTED,  micro- 
scopist,  was  born  June  17,  1837,  in  Bloom- 
field,  N.  J.  As  an  expert  in  microscopical 
examinations  he  was  one  of  the  first  to 
discriminate  between  different  kinds  of 
blood;  and  has  published  some  original 
investigations.  Since  1875  he  has  been 
manager  of  the  American  Postal  Micro 
scopical  club  of  Troy,  N.  Y. 

WARD,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  May  27,  1725,  in  Newport,  R.  I.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  general  assembly 
from  1756  to  1759;  was  chief  justice  in 
1761;  and  was  governor  in  1762,  and  from 
1765  to  1767.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  Rhode  Island  college,  now  known  as 
Brown  university.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  continental  congress  from  1774  to  1776, 
in  which  he  usually  presided  when  in  com 
mittee  of  the  whole.  He  died  March  26, 
1776,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WARD,  SAMUEL,  banker,  was  born 
May  1,  1786,  in  Rhode  Island.  In  1838  he 
secured  through  the  bank  of  England  a 
loan  of  nearly  $5,000,000  to  enable  the 
banks  to  resume  specie  payments,  and  es 
tablished  the  Bank  of  Commerce  in  New 
York  city,  becoming  its  president.  He 
died  Nov.  27,  1839,  in  New  York  city. 

WARD,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1759.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1813  to 
1817.  He  died  Feb.  4,  1842,  in  Newark, 
N.  J. 

62 


WARD,  THOMAS,  author,  poet,  was 
born  June  8,  1807,  in  Newark,  N.  J.  He 
was  a  writer  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  A  Month 
of  Freedom;  Pas- 
saic:  a  Group  of 
Poems;  Flora,  or 
the  Gypsy's  Frolic,  a 
pastoral  opera;  and 
War  Lyrics.  Besides 
his  published  works 
he  was  a  constant 
contributor  to  the 
leading  newspapers 
and  magazines  of  the 
United  States.  He 
died  April  13,  1873, 
in  New  York  city. 

WARD,  THOMAS,  soldier,  was  born 
March  18,  1839,  in  West  Point,  N.  Y. 
During  1859-63  he  was  a  cadet  at  the 
Military  academy;  he  graduated  and  was 
promoted  in  the  army  to  second  lieutenant 
of  the  first  artillery.  He  served  during 
the  rebellion  of  the  seceding  states  dur 
ing  1863-66,  and  was  brevetted  captain 
for  good  conduct  and  gallant  services. 
During  1873-77  he  was  professor  of  mili 
tary  science  at  the  Union  college  of 
Schenectady,  N.  Y. ;  was  promoted  to  cap 
tain  of  first  artillery  in  1876;  assistant 
adjutant-general  in  1884;  and  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  assistant  adjutant-general  in 
1893.  He  received  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
from  the  Union  college. 

WARD,  THOMAS  B.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  27,  1835,  in 
Marysville,  Ohio.  He  was  twice  elected 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Lafayette,  Ind.,  serv 
ing  from  1861  to  1865.  He  served  six  years 
as  city  attorney;  and  in  1875  was  appoint 
ed  to  the  then  newly-created  office  of 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Tippecanoe 
county.  In  1876  he  was  elected  to  that 
position,  and  served  four  years.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

WARD,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1837,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

WARD,  WILLIAM  GREENE,  lawyer, 
soldier,  was  born  July  20,  1832,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1863  he  served  as  colonel 
of  the  regiment  in  the  Pennsylvania  cam 
paign.  After  the  war  he  was  made  a 
brigadier-general  in  the  state  militia  ser 
vice,  and  served  for  nearly  twenty  years. 
WARD,  WILLIAM  HAYES,  clergyman, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  June  25,  1835, 
in  Abington,  Mass.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  New  York  city,  editor  of  The 
Independent,  and  eminent  as  an  Assyri- 
ologist.  He  is  the  author  of  Notes  on 
Oriental  Antiquities. 

WARD,  WILLIAM  LUKENS,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  2, 
1856,  in  Greenwich,  Conn.  He  was  elected 
to  congress  and  also  as  elector  at  the  same 
election;  and  was  elected  from  New  York 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 
WARD,  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1808,  in  Amelia 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Kentucky  from  1851  to  1853. 
He  died  Oct.  12,  1878,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

WARDELL,  DANIEL,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born  ifi 
1791  in  Bristol,  R.  I.  He  was  four  times 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  New  York 
from  Rome;  and  was  for  several  years 
judge  of  a  county  court.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1831  to  1837. 


WARDEN,  DAVID  BAILLIE,  public  of 
ficial,  author,  was  born  in  1778  in  Ireland. 
He  was  a  consul  and  secretary  of  the 
United  States  legation  at  Paris  from  1804 
until  his  death.  He  was  the  author  of 
Origin  and  Nature  of  Consular  Establish 
ments;  Inquiry  Concerning  the  Intellec 
tual  and  Moral  Faculties  and  Literature 
of  the  Negroes;  Description  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia;  and  a  Statistical  His 
tory  of  the  United  States.  He  died  Oct. 
9,  1845,  in  Paris,  France. 

WARDEN,  ROBERT  BRUCE,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1824,  in  Bards- 
town,  Ky.  He  is  a  lawyer  formerly  of 
Cincinnati,  but  since  1873  of  Washing 
ton.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Familiar  For 
ensic  View  of  Man  and  Law;  A  Voter's 
Version  of  the  Life  and  Character  of 
Stephen  Douglas;  and  Private  Life  of 
Salmon  Chase. 

WARDER,  GEORGE  WOODWARD, 
lawyer,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  20, 
1848,  in  Richmond,  Mo.  He  is  the  author 
of  an  historical  nov 
el,  but  is  best  known 
as  a  poet,  having 
issued  three  volumes 
of  verse  which  have 
attracted  consider 
able  attention,  and 
established  for  the 
author  a  national  rep 
utation;  in  1873  ap 
peared  Poetic  Writ 
ings  or  College  Po 
ems;  in  1874  Eden 
Dell,  or  Love's  Wan 
derings;  and  the  third  volume,  a  collec 
tion  of  his  finest  poems,  entitled  the  Uto 
pian  Dreams  and  Lotus  Leaves,  was  is 
sued  from  London  press  in  1885.  Col. 
Warder  organized  the  stock  exchange  of 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  of  which  city  he  has 
been  one  of  the  foremost  in  its  improve 
ments,  and  was  elected  its  mayor  in  1886. 
He  is  president  of  the  mining  exchange,  a 
director  in  the  Exposition  association,  the 
Warder  Grand  opera  house,  the  Newsboys' 
home,  and  is  connected  with  various  en 
terprises  and  charitable  institutions. 

WARDER,  JOHN  ASTON,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1812,  near  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Cincinnati  physi 
cian  very  active  in  promoting  a  general 
interest  in  forestry  and  landscape  garden 
ing  He  was  the  author  of  Hedge  Man 
ual;  and  American  Pomology.  He  died 
July  14,  1883,  in  North  Bend,  Ohio. 

WARE,  ASHUR,  educator,  journalist, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  10, 
1782,  in  Sherburne,  Mass.  He  moved  to 
Portland,  Maine,  in  1817,  and  was  judge 
of  the  United  States  district  court  of 
Maine  from  1822  to  1866;  and  was  first 
secretary  of  state  for  Maine  in  1820.  He 
published  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  United 
States  District  Court  of  Maine,  from  1822 
to  1839;  and  also  wrote  several  legal  es 
says  and  orations.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1873, 
in  Portland,  Maine. 

WARE,  EUGENE  FITCH,  soldier,  law 
yer    legislator,   poet,   was    born    May   29, 
1841,     in     Hartford,     Conn.     He     served 
five     years     in     the 
volunteer  army;  and 
five     years     in     the 
Kansas  state  senate. 
He    is    a    successful 
lawyer  of  Fort  Scott; 
and  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  en 
titled      Rhymes .     of 
Ironquill.      He    is    a 
t  B^^^       constant   contributor 

^^^L  ^^Hbj    :°    current    newspa- 

B^0^^AB|      I    Pers  and  magazines; 
and  his  poems  have 

been  incorporated  in  several  standard  col 
lections. 


978 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHj". 


WARE,  HENRY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  1,  1764,  in  Sherburne, 
Mass.  He  is  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Massachusetts,  pastor  of  Hingham  in 
1787-1805.  His  election  in  the  latter  year 
to  the  Hollis  professorship  of  divinity  at 
Harvard  university  precipitated  the  dis 
sensions  which  ultimately  resulted  in  di 
viding  the  congregational  body  into  uni- 
tarian  and  trinitarian  portions.  He  was 
the  author  of  Letters  to  Trinitarians  and 
Calvinists;  and  Inquiry  into  Foundation, 
Evidences,  and  Truth  of  Religion.  He 
died  July  12,  1845,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WARE,  HENRY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  21,  1794,  in  Hingham, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Massachusetts,  pastor  of  the  Second 
church  in  Boston  in  1817-30,  and  Parkman 
professor  at  Harvard  university  in  1830- 
42.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Vision  of 
Liberty,  an  ode;  Hints  on  Extemporane 
ous  Speaking;  Discourses  on  the  Offices 
and  Character  of  Christ;  Sermons  on 
Small  Sins:  On  the  Formation  of  Chris 
tian  Character,  which  has  been  very  wide 
ly  read;  Life  of  the  Savior;  and  Lives  of 
Priestley  and  Noah  Worcester.  He  died 
Sept.  22,  1843,  in  Framingham,  Mass. 

WARE,  JOHN,  educator,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1795,  in  Hingham, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  physician,  pro 
fessor  of  medicine  at  Harvard  university 
in  1832-58;  and  the  author  of  History  and 
Treatment  of  Delirium  Tremens;  Hints 
to  Young  Men  on  the  Relation  of  the 
Sexes;  Success  in  the  Medical  Profession; 
and  Life  of  Henry  Ware.  He  died  April 
29,  1864,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WARE,  JOHN  FOTHERGILL  WATER- 
HOUSE,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  31,  1818,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a 
Unitarian  clergyman  of  Baltimore,  and 
subsequently  of  Boston.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Wrestling  and  Waiting;  Sermons; 
War  Tracts;  The  Silent  Pastor;  and 
Home  Life.  He  died  Feb.  26,  1881,  in  Mil 
ton,  Mass. 

WARE,  MRS.  KATHER1NE  AUGUSTA 
[RHODES],  author,  poet,  was  born  in 
1797  in  Quincy,  Mass.  She  was  the  wife 
of  a  United  States  naval  officer.  She  pub 
lished  The  Power  of  the  Passions,  and 
Other  Poems.  She  died  in  1843  in  Paris, 
France. 

WARE,  MARY,  poet,  was  born  in  April, 
1828,  in  Madisonville,  Tenn.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  George  Harris,  a  noted  south 
ern  lawyer.  Mrs. 
Ware  has  for  nearly 
half  a  century  con- 
tributed  to  the 
periodical  press, 
and  her  poems  ap 
pear  in  Poets  of 
America,  and  other 
standard  collections. 
She  is  a  popular 
poet  of  Alabama, 
and  prominent  in 
various  women's  so 
cieties  of  Birming 
ham,  and  the  state  of  Alabama. 

WARE,  MRS.  MARY  GREENE  [CHAN 
DLER],  author,  was  born  May  22,  1818, 
in  Petersham,  Mass.  She  is  the  author  of 
Elements  of  Character;  Thoughts  in  My 
Garden;  and  Death  and  Life. 

WARE,  NATHANIEL  A.,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  16,  1789,  in  Abbeville,  S.  C. 
He  was  a  southern  writer  whose  later 
years  were  spent  in  Philadelphia  and  Cin 
cinnati.  He  was  the  author  of  Views  of 
the  Federal  Constitution;  and  Notes  on 
Political  Economy.  He  died  in  1854  in 
Galveston,  Texas. 


WARE,  NICHOLAS,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  1769  in  Carolina  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Georgia  from  1821  to  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  died  Sept.  7,  1824,  in  New  York 
city. 

WARE,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  3,  1797,  in  Hingham,  Mass. 
He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  New 
York  city  in  1821-36,  whose  historical  nov 
els  are  still  popular.  He  was  the  author 
of  Letters  from  Palmyra,  republished  as 
Zenobia;  Probus,  afterward  called  Aure- 
lian;  Julian;  American  Unitarian  Biog 
raphy  (edited);  Lectures  on  the  Works  of 
Washington  Allston;  Sketches  of  Euro 
pean  Capitals;  Life  of  Nathaniel  Bacon 
in  Sparks's American  Biography;  Sermons 
Illustrative  of  Unitarian  Christianity;  and 
Unitarianism  the  Doctrine  of  Matthew's 
Gospel.  He  died  Feb.  19,  1852,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

WARE,  WILLIAM  HIBBERT,  poet,  was 
born  Dec.  24,  1863,  in  England.  He  is  the 
author  of  an  i<jpic  Poem,  published  in  one 
volume. 

WARE,  WILLIAM  ROBERT,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  27,  1832,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  is  a  professor  of  archi 
tecture  in  Columbia  college  School  of 
Mines  from  1881.  He  has  published  Mod 
ern  Perspective. 

WARFIELD,  BENJAMIN  BRECKEN- 
RIDGE,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1851  in  Kentucky.  He  is  profes 
sor  of  didactic  and  polemical  theology  at 
Princeton  Theological  seminary  from 
1887;  and  is  the  author  of  The  Divine 
Origin  of  the  Bible;  Introduction  to  the 
Textual  Criticism  of  the  New  Testament; 
The  Canon  of  the  New  Testament;  and 
The  Gospel  of  the  Incarnation. 

WARFIELD,  MRS.  CATHERINE 
ANNE  [WARE],  author,  poet,  was  born 
June  6,  1816.  in  Natchez,  Miss.  She  was  a 
Kentucky  novelist  who  with  her  sister 
Eleanor  wrote  The  Wife  of  Leon,  and  Oth 
er  Poems;  and  The  Indian  Chamber,  and 
Other  Poems.  Her  own  separate  writings 
Include,  The  Household  of  Bouverie;  The 
Romance  of  the  Green  Seal;  Miriam  Mon- 
fort;  Hester  Howard's  Temptation;  A 
Double  Wedding;  Lady  Ernestine;  Miri 
am's  Memoirs;  Sea  and  Shore;  The  Car 
dinal's  Daughter;  Feme  Fleming;  and 
The  Romance  of  Beauscincourt.  She  died 
May  21,  1877,  in  Pewee  Valley,  Ky. 

WARFIELD,  ETHELBERT  DUDLEY, 
lawyer,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  March  16,  1861,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 
Since  1891  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Lafayette  college.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Kentucky  Resolutions  of  1798;  Chris 
tian  Education;  Christopher  Columbus; 
Philip  Melancthon;  and  other  books  and 
pamphlets. 

WARFIELD,  HENRY  R.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Anne  Arundel  county, 
Md.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Maryland  from  1819  to  1825.  He  died 
March  18,  1839,  in  Frederick,  Md. 

WARING,  GEORGE  EDWIN,  engineer, 
author,  was  born  July  4,  1833,  in  Bound- 
ridge,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  eminent  sanitary 
engineer,  since  1895  superintendent  of  the 
street-cleaning  department  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  The  Sanitary 
Drainage  of  Houses  and  Towns;  A  Farm 
er's  Vacation;  The  Bride  of  the  Rhine; 
Tyrol  and  the  Skirt  of  the  Alps;  Village 
Improvements;  Farm  Villages;  Elements 
of  Agriculture;  Draining  for  Profit  and 
Draining  for  Health;  Book  of  the  Farm; 
How  to  Drain  a  House;  Sewage  and  Land 
Drainage;  Sanitary  Condition  of  City  and 
Country  Dwellings;  and  Modern  Methods 
of  Sewage  Disposal. 


WARMAN,  CLEMMER,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1844,  near  Mor- 
gantown,  W.  Va.  He  graduated  from  the 
West  Virginia  university,  and  for  eight 
years  taught  in  the  public  schools.  For  a 
quarter  of  a  century  he  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  West  Virginia  conference  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church,  and  now 
tills  a  pastorate  in  Harrisville,  W.  Va.  He 
has  been  successful  in  his  work,  and  a 
leader  in  the  building  of  eight  churches. 

WARMAN,  CY,  journalist,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  in  1852  in  Illi 
nois.  He  is  a  Colorado  journalist  who 
was  for  a  time  a  railway  engineer;  and 
the  author  of  Tales  of  an  Engineer,  with 
Rhymes  of  the  Rail. 

WARMOTH,  HENRY  CLAY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
in  1842  in  Illinois.  During  the  civil  war 
he  was  brigadier-general  of  the  Missouri 
state  troops.  He  began  the  practice  of 
law  in  New  Orleans  in  1865,  was  sent  to 
congress  by  the  republicans;  and  in  1868 
was  elected  governor  of  Louisiana.  Pre 
viously  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  gen 
eral  assembly;  and  was  elected  to  the 
constitutional  convention  of  1879. 

WARNER,  ADONIRAM  JUDSON,  sol 
dier,  merchant,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  13,  1834,  in  Wales,  N.  Y.  He 
was  educated  at  Be-  ^ 
loit,  Wis.;  and  New" 
York  Central  college. 
He  was  principal  of 
the  Lewistown  acad 
emy,  ana  superin 
tendent  of  public- 
schools  of  Mifflin 
county,  and  principal 
of  Mercer  union 
schools,  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1856  to 
1861.  He  entered  the 
army  as  captain  in 
a  Pennsylvania  regiment  in  1861,  was  pro 
moted  to  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel, 
and  brevetted  brigadier-general.  Reserved 
through  the  war,  participating  in  various 
battles,  and  was  severely  wounded  at 
Antietam.  He  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1865,  but  engaged  in 
other  business.  He  was  elected  to  th'e 
forty-sixth  and  forty-eighth  congresses 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat.  He  is  a  successful 
dealer  in  railroad  coal  and  iron;  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Bimetallic  union  from  its  for 
mation;  and  in  addition  to  economic 
questions  he  has  been  a  student  of  geol 
ogy,  archaeology  and  kindred  subjects. 
He  is  the  author  of  Appreciation  in 
Money;  and  Source  of  Value  in  Money. 

WARNER,  ALEXANDER,  soldier, 
farmer,  legislator,  banker,  was  born  Jan. 
10,  1827,  in  Smithfield,  R.  I.  He  received 

his  education  in  the 

Woodstock  academy, 
Connecticut,  and  at 
the  Wilbraham  acad 
emy,  Massachusetts. 
He  served  as  deputy 
sheriff  in  Windham 
county,  Conn.;  and 
in  1861  was  appoint 
ed  major  of  the  third 
regiment  Connecti 
cut  volunteer  in 
fantry;  and  was  next 
appointed  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  the  thirteenth  regiment 
Connecticut  volunteer  infantry.  After  the 
war  he  moved  to  Madison  county,  Miss.; 
and  was  appointed  secretary  of 'state  by 
the  commanding  general;  and  was  also 
appointed  by  Secretary  Chase  as  special 
agent  of  the  treasury  department.  For 
six  years  he  was  trustee  and  treasurer  of 
the  state  university;  and  for  six  years 


HBRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGR.VPHY. 


979 


•was  a  member  of  the  state  senate;  and 
part  of  the  time  its  president  and  ex- 
officio  lieutenant-governor.  For  four  years 
he  was  chairman  of  the  republican  state 
committee;  and  three  times  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  national  republican  conven 
tion.  He  then  moved  to  Connecticut,  and 
for  two  years  was  state  treasurer  of  Con 
necticut.  In  1888  he  moved  to  Kansas; 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of 
representatives;  and  was  selected  by  the 
members  of  the  house  chairman  of  the 
committee,  that  organized  and  led  the  at 
tack  that  broke  down  the  doors,  which 
resulted  in  regaining  possession;  and  in 
1894  he  received  the  re-election. 

WARNER,  AMOS  GRISWOLD,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  in  1861  in  Iowa.  He 
is  a  professor  of  applied  economics  in 
Leland  Stanford  Junior  university,  who, 
beside  reports  as  superintendent  of  chari 
ties  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  has  pub 
lished  American  Charities:  a  Study  in 
Philanthropy  and  Economics;  and  Three 
Phases  of  Cooperation  in  the  West. 

WARNER,  ANNA  BARTLETT— Amy 
Lothrop — author,  was  born  in  1820  in  New 
York.  She  is  the  author  of  Wych  Hazel; 
Books  of  Blessing;  and  Ellen  Montgom 
ery's  Bookshelf.  Among  her  separate  nov 
els  and  religious  and  other  works  are, 
Dollars  and  Cents;  My  Brother's  Keeper; 
Stories  of  Vinegar  Hill;  The  Fourth 
Watch;  The  Other  Shore;  Three  Little 
Spades,  a  Guild's  Book  of  Gardening; 
Gardening  by  Myself;  and  Up  and  Down 
the  House. 

WARNER,  BEVERLEY  E.,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1855  in  New  Jersey. 
He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  New  Or 
leans;  and  the  author  of  English  His 
tory  in  Shakespeare's  Plays. 

WARNER,  CHARLES  DUDLEY,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1829,  in 
Plainfield,  Mass.  He  is  a  popular  novel 
ist  and  essayist  of  Hartford,  editor  of  The 
Hartford  Courant  from  1867,  and  one  of 
the  editors  of  Harper's  Magazine  from 
1884.  He  is  the  author  of  My  Summer  in 
a  Garden;  Backlog  Studies;  Saunterings; 
Being  a  Boy;  Baddeck  and  That  Sort  of 
Thing;  Mummies  and  Moslems;  In  the 
Wilderness:  Adirondack  Essays;  Life  of 
Washington  Irving;  Life  of  Captain  John 
Smith;  In  the  Levant;  My  Winter  on  the 
Nile;  A  Roundabout  Journey;  On  horse 
back,  a  Tour  in  Virginia,  North  Carolina, 
and  Tennessee,  with  Notes  of  Travel  in 
Mexico  and  California;  The  Work  of 
Washington  Irving;  Studies  in  the  South 
and  West;  Southern  California;  A  Little 
Journey  in  the  World;  Their  Pilgrimage; 
The  Golden  House;  As  We  Go;  As  We 
Were  Saying;  The  Relation  of  Life  to 
Literature;  and  Our  Italy. 

WARNER,  ELIZA  A.,  author,  was  born 
in  18 — .  She  is  a  writer  of  Northampton. 
Mass.,  among  whose  works  are,  Tom 
Tracy;  The  Red  House;  and  Our  Two 
Lives. 

WARNER,  HIRAM,  educator,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  29,  1802,  in  Hampshire  county, 
Mass.  From  1828  to 
1831  he  was  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  gen 
eral  assembly,  ana 
declined  a  re-elec 
tion.  In  1833  he  was 
elected  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  superi 
or  courts  of  Georgia, 
and  was  re-elected  in 
1836,  holding  the  of 
fice  until  1840.  In 
1845  he  was  appoint 
ed  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  state  supreme  court,  serving  for 
eight  years,  and  then  resigned.  In  1855  he 


was  elected  a  representative  in  the  thirty- 
fourth  congress.  He  died  in  1881  in  At 
lanta,  Ga. 

WARNER,  JOHN  DE  WITT,  educator, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  30, 
1851,  in  Schuyler  county,  N.  Y.  For  four 
years  he  filled  the 
chairs  of  Latin,  Ger 
man,  and  elocution  in 
the  Ithaca  and  Al 
bany  academies.  He 
was  elected  from 
New  York  city  to  the 
fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses  as  a 
democrat,  and  took 
an  active  part  on 
several  important 
committees  on  tariff, 
finance  and  commer 
cial  matters.  He  was  one  of  the  found 
ers  of  the  Shakespeare  club  of  New  York 
city:  and  the  author  of  Sound  Sequence 
in  Shakespeare  and  other  papers  on 
Shakespearian  subjects.  In  1892  he  was 
the  tariff  reform  editor  of  the  New  York 
Weekly  World,  and  is  the  author  of  nu 
merous  pamphlets  and  tariff  reform  arti 
cles.  During  1895-96  he  was  chairman  of 
the  reform  club's  sound  currency  com 
mittee,  and  its  president  in  1897. 

WARNER,  LEVI,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  10,  1831,  in  Wethersfield, 
Conn.  He  was  elected  from  Connecticut 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

WARNER,  LUCIEN  CALVIN,  manufac 
turer,  philanthropist,  was  born  Oct.  26, 
1841,  in  Cuyler,  N.  Y.  Warner  Bros,  em 
ploy  about  2,000  operatives  in  their  large 
factory  in  Bridgeport  and  enjoy  an  enor 
mous  sale  of  their  productions.  He  is  an 
interested  member  of  the  chamber  of  com 
merce  of  New  York.  He  gave  a  $100,000 
building  to  his  alma  mater  at  Oberlin  for 
a  conservatory  of  music;  was  active  and 
liberal  in  the  erection  of  a  $150,000  build 
ing  for  the  Harlem  branch  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  association;  and  in  part 
nership  with  his  brother,  has  built  an  ad 
mirable  club  house  in  Bridgeport,  Conn., 
at  a  cost  of  $100,000,  for  the  use  of  tlfe 
girls  in  the  employment  of  the  firm. 

WARNER,  MILLARD  FILLMORE,  edu 
cator,  college  president,  clergyman,  was 
born  Oct.  15,  1848.  in  Tuscarawas,  Ohio. 
In  1887  he  became  a  professor  in  the 
Baldwin  university  of  Berea,  Ohio;  and 
in  1894  was  made  president  of  that  insti 
tution. 

WARNER,  N.  M.,  journalist,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1855,  in  Richland, 
Iowa.  He  is  a  publisher  of  Lyons,  Neb.; 
and  the  author  of  Warner's  History  of 
Dakota  County;  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

WARNER,  OL1N  LEVI,  sculptor,  was 
born  April  9,  1844,  in  Suffield,  Conn.  His 
works  include  a  colossal  medallion  of  Ed 
win  Forrest,  which  was  exhibited  at  Phil 
adelphia  in  1876;  Dancing  Nymph;  a 
fountain  for  Portland,  Ore.,  completed  in 
1888;  Diana;  portrait-statues  of  Gov.  Wil 
liam  A.  Buckingham,  which  was  placed  in 
the  capitol  in  Hartford  in  1883,  and  Wil 
liam  Lloyd  Garrison  in  Boston. 

WARNER,  RICHARD,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1835  in  Tennessee.  He  served  in  the 
confederate  army  throughout  the  war  of 
the  rebellion.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  Tennessee  state  legislature  in  1878; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  forty-seventh  and  forty- 
eighth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

WARNER.  SAMUEL  L.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1829 


in  Wetherfield,  Conn.  In  1853  he  was 
appointed  executive  secretary  of  state; 
and  in  1857  was  a  member  of  the  Connec 
ticut  legislature.  In  1861  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Middletown,  and  was  re-elected 
until  1865,  when  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Connecticut  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  congress. 

WARNER,  SUSAN— Elizabeth  Wethe- 
rell — author,  was  born  July  11,  1819,  in 
New  York  city.  She  was  a  once  famous 
novelist  of  Highland  Falls,  N.  Y.,  whose 
Wide,  Wide  World,  appearing  in  1849,  at 
tained  an  extraordinary  popularity  in 
America  and  England.  Among  her  other 
works  are,  Queechy;  The  Old  Helmet; 
Stephen,  M.  D.;  The  Hills  of  the  Shate- 
muc;  Melbourne  House;  Daisy;  Diana; 
and  The  Law  and  the  Testimony,  a  theo 
logical  work.  She  died  March  17  1885  in 
Highland  Falls,  N.  Y. 

WARNER,  VESPASIAN,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  April 
23,  1842,  in  Mt.  Pleasant  (now  farmer 
City),  111.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  pri 
vate  soldier  in  company  E,  twentieth  Illi 
nois  volunteer  infantry.  In  1862  he  was 
commissioned  a  second  lieutenant;  re 
mained  in  the  service  until  1866,  when  he 
was  mustered  out,  then  being  a  captain 
and  brevet  major.  He  was  colonel  and 
judge  advocate-general  of  Illinois;  and 
was  elected  a  republican  presidential 
elector  in  1888.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as 
a  republican. 

WARNER,  WILLARD,  soldier,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1826,  in 
Granville,  Ohio.  He  entered  the  volun 
teer  army  in  1861  as  a  major;  and  in  1864 
was  appointed  colonel  of  the  one  hun 
dred  and  eightieth  Ohio  volunteers.  He 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major-gen 
eral  by  brevet,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services.  He  served  two  years  in  the  Ohio 
senate;  and  was  chosen  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Alabama  for  the  term  ending 
in  1871. 

WARNER,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1840  in  Wiscon 
sin.  He  served  three  and  a  half  years 
in  the  union  army,  in  the  thirty-third  and 
forty-fourth  Wisconsin  infantry,  during 
Wie  civil  war.  In  1867  he  was  elected  city 
attorney  of  Kansas  city;  and  in  1868  was 
elected  circuit  attorney;  and  was  mayor 
of  Kansas  City  in  1871.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1872;  was  appointed 
United  States  attorney  for  the  western 
district  of  Missouri  in  1882;  and  in  1885 
received  the  votes  of  the  republican  mem 
bers  of  the  Missouri  legislature  for  United 
States  senator.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

WARNER,  WILLIAM  RICHARD,  chem 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1836,  in  Caroline 
county,  Md.  He  is  a  pioneer  in  the  manu 
facture  of  sugar-coated  pills  and  many 
other  pharmaceutical  preparations  now 
used  all  over  the  world. 

WARNER,  ZEBEDEE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1833,  in  Pendleton 
county,  Va.  He  is  a  minister  of  the  sect 
of  united  brethren;  and  the  author  of 
Christian  Baptism;  Rise  and  Progress  of 
the  United  Brethren  Church;  Life  of 
Jacob  Buchtel;  and  The  Roman  Catholic 
Not  a  True  Christian  Church. 

WARNOCK,  WILLIAM  R.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1838, 
in  Urbana,  Ohio.  For  four  years  he  was 
prosecuting  attorney  of  his  county;  in 
1876-77  was  a  state  senator  in  the  Ohio 
legislature;  and  for  ten  years  was  judge 
of  court  of  common  pleas. 


980 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WARREN,  BARNEY  E.,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  musical  editor,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1867,  near  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  has  at 
tained  eminence  as  a  successful  traveling 
evangelist;  has  edited  and  published  a 
Sunday  School  Song  Book  for  religious 
use  in  evangelical  meetings;  and  is  the 
author  of  other  works.  He  contributed 
extensively  to  the  periodical  press,  and  his 
poems  have  appeared  in  several  standard 
works. 

WARREN,  CORNELIA,  author,,  was 
born  in  1857  in  Massachusetts.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  Miss  Wilton, 
a  novel. 

WARREN,  CORNELIUS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1790  in  Putnam  county,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  from  New 
York  from  1847  until  his  death.  He  died 
July  28,  1849,  in  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y. 

WARREN,  CYRUS  MORE,  chemist,  in 
ventor,  author,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1824,  in 
Dedhara,  Mass.  The  use  of  coal-tar  and 
asphaltum  for  roofing  and  paving  pur 
poses  have  been  introduced  by  the  War 
ren  Chemical  and  Manufacturing  com 
pany  and  the  Warren-Scharf  Asphalt 
Paving  company,  of  which  corporations  he 
is  president  and  treasurer.  In  1866-68  he 
held  the  chair  of  organic  chemistry  in  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology. 

WARREN,  EDWARD  A.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  2,  1818,  in  Greene  county,  Ala. 
He  served  in  the  Mississippi  legislature 
in  1845  and  1846;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  legislature  of  Arkansas  in  1848 
and  1849.  and  was  speaker  of  the  house. 
In  1850  he  was  elected  state's  attorney 
for  the  sixth  judicial  district  of  Arkansas. 
He  was  a  representative  from  that  state 
to  the  thirty-third  congress;  and  was  also 
elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress.  He 
died  July  2,  1875,  in  Nevada,  Ark. 

WARREN,  FITZ  HENRY,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  state  senator,  was  born  Jan.  11, 
1816,  in  Brimfield,  Mass.  During  the  civil 
war  he  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  first 
Iowa  cavalry,  and  he 
became  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers 
in  1862,  and  after 
ward  major-general 
by  brevet,  being  mus 
tered  out  of  service 
in  1865.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Iowa 
state  senate  in  1866, 
minister  to  Guate 
mala  in  1867-68,  and 
a  presidential  elector  on  the  democratic 
ticket  in  1872.  He  was  editor  of  the  Bur 
lington  (Iowa)  Hawkeye  for  a  time,  and 
was  also,  at  a  later  period,  connected  with 
the  Sun  and  the  Tribune  in  New  York 
city.  He  died  June  21,  1878,  in  Brimfield, 
Mass. 

WARREN,  FRANCIS  E.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  banker,  congressman,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  June  20, 

1844,     in      Hinsdale, 

Mass.  He  enlisted 
in  1862  in  the  forty- 
ninth  Massachusetts 
regiment,  and  served 
as  a  private  and  non 
commissioned  officer 
in  that  regiment  till 
it  was  mustered  out 
of  the  service;  was 
afterward  captain  in 
the  Massachusetts 
militia;  and  was 
awarded  a  medal  of 
honor  for  exceptional  gallantry  in  action 
before  Port  rtudson.  He  was  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock  raising  in  Massachu 
setts  till  early  in  1868,  when  he  removed 


to  Wyoming,  then  a  part  of  Dakota.  He 
is  engaged  in  mercantile,  live-stock,  and 
lighting  business;  was  president  of  the 
council  of  Wyoming  legislature  in  1873, 
and  member  of  the  council  in  1884.  He 
was  mayor  of  Cheyenne,  and  served  three 
terms  as  treasurer  of  Wyoming.  He  was 
appointed  governor  of  Wyoming  by  Presi 
dent  Arthur;  and  was  again  appointed 
governor  of  Wyoming  by  President  Harri 
son  and  served  till  the  territory  was  ad 
mitted  as  a  state,  when  he  was  elected 
governor.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  as  a  republican,  and  took  his 
seat  in  1890,  and  served  until  1893.  He 
was  re-elected  as  a  republican  in  1895  for 
term  expiring  in  1901. 

WARREN,  GEORGE  W.,  educator,  was 
born  July  8,  1851,  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.  He 
has  attained  success  in  educational  work; 
has  been  principal  of  public  schools  in 
Michigan  and  California;  ane"  is  now  city 
superintendent  of  schools  in  Eureka,  Cal. 

WARREN,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  musi 
cian,  composer,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1828,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  In  1860  he  was  invited  to 
take  charge  of  the  music  of  the  church  of 
the  Holy  Trinity,  Brooklyn,  and  ten  years 
later  he  became  organist  of  St.  Thomas's 
church.  He  has  written  much  church 
music  and  several  pieces  for  the  piano, 
and  has  published  Hymns  and  Tunes  as 
Sung  at  St.  Thomas's  Church,  New  York. 

WARREN,  GOUVERNEUR  KEMBLE, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1830,  in 
Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  lieutenant- 
.  colonel  in  the  engin 
eer  corps,  major- 
general  of  United 
States  volunteers, 
and  brevet  major- 
general  in  the  United 
States  army.  He  was 
the  author  of  Explo 
rations  in  the  Daco 
ta  Country  in  1855; 
Exploration  of  the 
Country  Between  the 
Missouri  and  the 
Platte  Rivers;  and 
The  Battle  of  Five  Forks,  Virginia.  He 
died  Aug.  8,  1882,  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

WARREN,  HENRY  WHITE,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1831,  in  Williams- 
burg,  Mass.  He  is  a  methodist  bishop 
living  in  Denver,  and  the  author  of  The 
Bible  in  the  World's  Education;  Lectures 
on  the  Bible  in  English;  Signts  and  In 
sights,  or  Knowledge  by  Travel;  Studies 
of  the  Stars;  and  Recreations  in  Astrono 
my. 

WARREN,  IRA,  journalist,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1806  in  Ontario.  He 
was  a  journalist  and  physician  of  Boston, 
and  the  author  of  Causes  and  Cure  of 
Puseyism;  and  The  Household  Physician. 
He  died  in  1864. 

WARREN,  ISRAEL  PERKINS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  8,  1814,  in 
New  Bethany,  Conn.  He  was  a  congre 
gational  clergyman,  editor  of  The  Chris 
tian  Mirror  at  Portland,  Maine,  from  1875, 
and  the  author  of  Three  Judges;  Chauncey 
Judd;  The  Seaman's  Cause;  Sadduceeism; 
The  Parousia;  and  The  Book  of  Rev 
elation:  an  Exposition.  He  died  in  1892. 

WARREN,  JAMES,  revolutionary  lead 
er,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1726,  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.  In  1766  he  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  colonial  assembly,  where  he  served 
until  its  final  dissolution  in  1774.  After 
the  death  of  Gen.  Joseph  Warren  at  Bun 
ker  Hill,  he  was  chosen  to  succeed  him 
as  president  of  the  provincial  congress 
of  Massachusetts.  He  died  Nov.  27,  1808, 
in  Plymouth,  Mass. 


WARREN,  JOHN  COLLINS,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1778, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  phy 
sician  who  succeeded  his  father  as  profes 
sor  of  anatomy  at  Harvard  university  in 
1815.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  in  1820 
of  the  Massachusetts  General  hospital, 
and  its  chief  surgeon  till  his  death.  He 
published  Cases  of  Organic  Diseases  of 
the  Heart;  Surgical  Observations  on 
Tumors,  and  lesser  works.  He  died  May  4, 
1856,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WARREN,  JOHN  COLLINS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  May  4,  1842,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  a  professor  of  surgery  at 
Harvard  university  from  1887,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Anatomy  and  Development  of 
Rodent  Ulcer;  Pathology  of  Carbuncle  and 
Columnal  Adipose;  Tne  Healing  of  Ar 
teries  after  Ligature  in  Men  and  Animals; 
and  Surgical  Pathology  and  Therapeutics. 

WARREN,  JONATHAN  MASON,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  in  1811  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  physician,  and 
the  author  of  Surgical  Observations,  with 
Cures  and  Operations.  He  died  Aug.  19, 
1867,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WARREN,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  was  born 
June  11,  1741,  in  Roxbury,  Mass.  He  pos 
sessed  in  perfection  the  gift  of  eloquence, 
_ and  a  speech  deliv 
ered  in  March,  1772, 
on  the  anniversary 
of  the  Boston  mas 
sacre,  carried  him  at 
once  to  the  helm, 
and  for  the  brief  pe 
riod  of  his  subse 
quent  life  he  was  one 
of  the  most  promi 
nent  men  in  New 
England.  He  was 
elected  major-gene 
ral  June  14,  1775,  and 
fell  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June  17, 
1775.  The  Bunker  Hill  monument  now 
stands  near  the  spot  where  he  fell. 

WARREN,  JOSEPH,  journalist,  was 
born  July  24,  1829,  in  Waterbury,  Vt.  He 
became  associate  editor  of  the  Buffalo 
Courier  in  New  York  in  1853,  and  editor- 
in-chief  in  1858,  and  was  chosen  presi 
dent  of  the  New  York  Press  association 
in  1870.  He  was  elected  superintendent 
of  public  schools  in  Buffalo  in  1857,  ad 
vocated  a  public  park  system  for  that  city, 
and  served  on  the  park  commission  from 
its  formation  in  1871  till  his  death.  He 
died  Sept.  30,  1876,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

WARREN,  JOSEPH  M.,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1813  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He  was  elected  mayor 
of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  in  Is52;  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-second  congress. 

WARREN,  JOSIAH,  reformer,  author, 
was  born  in  1799.  He  established  what 
was  known  as  the  Time  store  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio,  which  he  conducted  with  fair 
success  for  two  years,  giving  and  receiv 
ing  labor-notes  in  transactions  with  his 
customers.  He  propounded  his  theories 
in  a  work  entitled  the  True  Civilization. 
He  died  in  1874  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WARREN,  LOTT,  soldier,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  30, 
1797,  in  Burke  county,  Ga.  He  served 
in  the  Seminole  war  as  a  second  lieuten 
ant  of  militia  in  1818;  and  in  1823  he  was 
elected  a  major  of  battalion.  In  1824  he 
was  elected  to  the  Georgia  state  legisla 
ture  and  in  1825  was  appointed  solicitor- 
general  to  fill  a  vacancy.  In  1830  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate.  In  1831  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  lower  house  of 
the  legislature,  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1839  to  1843.  He  died 
June  17,  1861,  in  Albany,  Ga. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


981 


WARREN,    MARY    EVALIN,    temper 
ance  lecturer,   poet,  was   born  March   14, 
1827,  in  Galway,  N.  Y.     She  has  been  ac 
tively      engaged      in 
„-•  "   temperance      work 

and  in  lecturing.  She 
is  the  author  of  three 
books  entitled,  Our 
Laurels;  Little  Jak- 
ie;  and  Compensa 
tion,  a  temperance 
story.  For  thirty-five 
year?  she  has  resided 
in  Fox  Lake,  Wis., 
where  she  is  promi 
nently  identified 
with  various  charita- 
erary  associations.  She  is  the 
wife  of  Mr.  George  Warren. 

WARREN,  MRS.  MERCY  (OTIS),  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1728,  in 
Barnstable,  Mass.  She  was  the  author  of 
The  Group,  a  Political  Satire;  History  of 
the  American  Revolution;  three  tragedies, 
including  The  Adulator,  The  Sack  of 
Rome,  The  Ladies  of  Castille;  and  Poems: 
Dramatic  and  Miscellaneous.  She  died 
Oct.  19,  1814,  in  Plymouth,  Mass. 

WARREN,  NATHAN  BOUGHTON,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  4,  1805,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 
He  is  a  writer  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Ancient  Plain  Song  of  the 
Church;  Ine  Order  of  Daily  Service,  with 
the  English  Musical  Notation;  The  Holi 
days;  and  Hidden  Treasure,  a  Goblin 
Story. 

WARREN,  SAMUEL  EDWAnD,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1831,  in 
Newton,  Mass.  During  1854-72  he  was 
professor  in  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic 
institute  of  Troy,  N.  Y.;  and  during  1872- 
75  in  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech 
nology.  He  is  the  author  of  a  series  of 
text  books,  comprising  a  dozen  books, 
principally  on  geometric  subjects;  and 
has  contributed  on  educational  subjects  to 
current  reviews  and  periodicals.  ElenTen- 
tary  Projection  Drawing;  General  Prob 
lems  of  Shades  and  Shadows;  Problems  in 
Stone  Cutting;  Descriptive  Geometry; 
Machine  Drawing;  and  The  Sunday  Ques 
tion,  are  among  his  published  works. 

WARREN,  THOMAS  ROBINSON,  mer 
chant,  author,  was  born  in  1828  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  traveler  and  merchant, 
and  the  author  of  Dust  and  Foam  Tracks; 
The  Yachtsman  Primer;  Shooting,  Boat 
ing,  and  Fishing;  On  Deck;  and  Juliette 
Irving  and  the  Jesuit. 

WARREN,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1806,  in  Water- 
ford,  Maine.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  at  Gorham,  Maine,  and  the  au 
thor  of  School  Geography;  Household 
Consecration;  The  Spirit's  Sword;  Twelve 
Years  Among  Children;  and  These  for 
Those.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1879,  in  Gorham, 
Maine. 

WARREN,       WILLIAM       FA1RFIELD, 
clergyman,     educator,    author,     the     first 
president  of  Boston  university,  was  borri 
March     13,    1833,     in 
Williamsburg,    Mass. 
After  his  graduation 
at   Wesleyan  univer 
sity    in    1853    he    es 
tablished   a  classical 
^    school      in      Mobile, 
Ala.;          traveled; 
preached;     and     for 
I    nearly      two      years 
V<$sB  P^^^      studied  at  the  Ando- 
H||    ''3^^^^^fc    v('r  Theological  sem- 
^K  inary.     In  the  years 

1858-60  he  was  a  pas 
tor,  first  at  Wilbraham,  Mass.,  then  at 
Boston.  Of  the  ten  years,  however,  1856- 
66,  more  than  seven  were  spent  in  Eu 
rope  and  the  Orient.  In  Rome  he  gave 


much  attention  to  classical  and  ecclesias 
tical  archaeology,  and  at  the  university  of 
Berlin  he  made  a  special  study  of  phil 
osophy,  Christian  art  and  monumental 
theology.  In  Halle  his  studies  related 
more  to  biblical  and  oriental  antiquities. 
In  1866  he  returned  to  Boston  to  organize 
and  preside  over  the  Boston  Theological 
seminary,  which  was  the  nucleus  of  Bos 
ton  university,  chartered  in  1869.  To  the 
presidency  of  this  latter  Dr.  Warren  was 
called,  and  to  its  development  the  best 
work  of  his  life  has  been  given.  He  is 
the  author  of  Paradise  Found:  the  Cradle 
of  the  Human  Race  at  the  North  Pole; 
The  True  Key  to  Ancient  Chronology;  In 
the  Footsteps  of  Arminius;  Constitutional 
Law  Questions  in  the  Methodist  Church; 
The  Quest  of  the  Perfect  Religion;  and 
The  Story  of  Gottlieb. 

WARREN,  WILLIAM  WIRT,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
27,  1834,  in  Brighton,  Mass.  He  was  ap 
pointed  assessor  of  internal  revenue  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  and  in  1870  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

WARRINER,  EDWARD  AUGUSTUS, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1829 
in  Massachusetts.  He  is  an  episcopal 
clergyman  of  Montrose,  Pa.,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Victor  La  Tourette;  Kear,  a  Poem; 
and  I  Am  That  I  Am,  a  Metrical  Essay. 

WARRINER,  FRANCIS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1805,  in  Spring 
field,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  who  was  a  United  States  naval 
chaplain  in  1831-34,  and  the  author  of 
The  Cruise  of  the  Potomac.  He  died 
April  22,  1866,  in  Chester,  Mass. 

WARRINGTON,  LEWIS,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Nov.  3,  1782,  in  Williamsburg, 
Va.  In  1800  he  entered  the  navy  as  a 
midshipman;  served  in  all  the  wars;  and 
attained  the  rank  of  commodore.  He  cap 
tured  the  British  sloop  Epervier  in  1813, 
and  received  a  gold  m_edal  and  the  thanks 
of  congress.  In  1827-30  he  was  navy  cota- 
missioner;  also  in  1840-42;  and  president 
of  the  board  in  1841.  He  died  Oct.  12, 
1851,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WARROCK,  JOHN,  printer,  was  born 
Nov.  4,  1774,  in  Richmond,  Va.  He  becam'e 
a  printer,  and  for  forty  years  issued  an 
nually  Warrock's  Almanac.  He  was  cho 
sen  to  the  office  of  printer  to  the  Virginia 
senate,  and  held  that  place  for  more  than 
forty  years.  He  died  March  8,  1858,  in 
Richmond,  Va. 

WARTHEN,  RICHARD,  state  senator, 
was  born  in  February,  1794,  in  Washing 
ton  county,  Ga.  In  1833  he  was  elected 
to  the  Georgia  state  legislature;  and  in 
1842  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  He 
died  Nov.  27,  1861,  in  Warthens,  Ga. 

WASHBURN.  CADWALADER  COL- 
DEN,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  April  22,  1818,  in  Livermore,  Maine. 
He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from 
Wisconsin  to  the 
thirty-fourth  and 
thirty-fifth  congres 
ses;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  He 
was  also  a  delegate 
to  the  peace  con 
gress  of  1861.  In 
1862  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  major-general  in 
the  union  army;  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  soldiers'  conven 
tion  held  in  Pittsburg  in  1866.  He  was 
governor  of  Wisconsin  during  1872-74,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  and  forty- 
first  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  died 
May  14,  1882,  in  Eureka  Springs,  Ark. 


WASHBURN,  CHARLES  AMES,  diplo 
mat,  author,  was  born  March  16,  1822, 
in  Livermore,  Maine.  He  was  a  diplomat 
ist  who  was  minister  to  Paraguay  in 
1863-68.  He  was  the  author  of  The  His 
tory  of  Paraguay;  From  Poverty  to  Com 
petence:  Graduated  Taxation;  Political 
Evolution;  Philip  Thaxter;  and  Gomery 
of  Montgomery.  He  died  Jan.  26,  1889,  in 
New  York  city. 

WASHBURN,  DEXTER  C.,  merchant, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1861,  in  Rockport, 
Maine.  He  is  a  merchant  of  Boston,  Mass., 
and  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  Songs  of  the  Seasons. 

WASHBURN,  EDWARD  ABIEL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  16,  1819,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  broad  church  views,  rector  of 
Calvary  church,  New  York  city,  and  the 
author  of  The  Social  Law  of  God;  Voices 
from  a  Busy  Life,  a  volume  of  verse;  The 
Relation  of  the  Episcopal  Church  to  Other 
Bodies;  Epochs  of  Church  History;  and 
Beatitudes,  and  Other  Sermons.  He  died 
Feb.  2,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

WASHBURN,  EMORY,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  governor,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  14,  1800,  in  Leicester,  Mass.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  general  court  from  1825 
to  1827,  and  in  1838;  was  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  from  1844  to  1847; 
and  was  governor  of  Massachusetts  in 
1854  and  1855.  He  became  a  professor  of 
the  Cambridge  Law  school  in  1855,  and  so 
continued  for  many  years.  He  was  the 
author  of  Sketches  of  the  Judicial  History 
of  Massachusetts;  History  of  Leicester, 
Massachusetts;  Treatise  on  American  Law 
of  Real  Property;  American  Law  of  Ease 
ments  and  Servitudes;  Testimony  of  Ex 
perts;  and  Lectures  on  the  Study  and 
Practice  of  the  Law.  He  died  March  18, 
1877,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WASHBURN,  FRANCIS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1843  in  New  York. 
He  is  an  episcopal  clergyman  of  Newburg. 
N.  Y.;  and  the  author  of  Meditations  on 
Charity;  The  Soul  Athirst.  and  Other 
Sermons;  and  Thoughts  on  the  Lord's 
Prayer. 

WASHBURN.  FREDERIC  LEONARD, 
educator,  biologist,  was  born  April  12, 
1860,  in  Brookline,  Mass.  He  has  been 
instructor  of  zoology  in  the  university  of 
Michigan,  in  the  State  Agricultural  col 
lege  of  Oregon,  and  also  in  the  university 
of  Oregon. 

WASHBURN,  GANEM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,,  was  born  in  October,  1823, 
in  Livermore.  He  settled  in  Oshkosh, 
Wis.;  has  been  a  member  of  the  senate 
of  Wisconsin;  and  judge  of  Winnebago 
county  and  of  tenth  judicial  circuit  of  the 
state. 

WASHBURN,  GEORGE,  educator,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  was  born  March 
1,  1833,  in  Middleboro,  Mass.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  philosophy  and  political  economy 
and  acting  president  in  Robert  college, 
Constantinople,  in  1869-76,  and  since  tne 
latter  year  he  has  been  president. 

WASHBURN,  HENRY  D.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  28, 
1832,  in  Windsor  county,  Vt.  In  July  of 
1861  he  raised  a  company  for  service 
in  the  war;  was  promoted  to  the  com 
mand  as  colonel  of  the  eighteenth  Indiana 
volunteers  in  1862;  in  1864  was  brevetted 
a  brigadier-general;  and  was  mustered 
out  of  the  service  in  1865.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Indiana  to  the  thir 
ty-ninth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  fortieth  congress  as  a  republican;  and 
in  1869  was  appointed  surveyor-general  of 
Montana. 


982 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


completion.       In 


WASHBURN.  HENRY  STEVENSON, 
manufacturer,  legislator,  poet,  was  born 
June  10, 1813,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  Through 
his  own  exertions  he 
received  a  thorough 
education  at  the 
Worcester  academy 
and  the  Brown  uni- 
I  versity.  For  fifteen 
B  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  the  manu 
facture  of  wire  in 
Worcester;  laid  the 
corner  stone  of  Me 
chanic's  hall,  and  de 
livered  the  dedica 
tory  address  at  its 
1852  he  declined  the 
nomination  for  congress;  and  during 
the  civil  war  he  was  in  charge 
of  clothing  and  hospital  supplies  for 
the  union  army.  For  a  dozen  years 
he  was  manager  of  the  Shawmut 
Wire  works  in  Boston;  in  1871-72  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  house 
of  representatives;  and  in  1873-74  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  was  president  of  the  Union 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  company,  and  sub 
sequently  traveled  in  France  and  Ger 
many  in  its  behalf.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Vacant  Chair,  and  Other  Poems,  a 
volume  of  strong,  earnest  and  tender  po 
etry.  He  has  long  since  retired  from  ac 
tive  business  and  is  a  resident  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

WASHBURN,  ISRAEL,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  governor,  author, 
was  born  June  6,  1813,  in  Livermore, 
Maine.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
legislature  in  1842;  and  was  elected  to 
the  federal  house  of  representatives  from 
Maine  for  the  thirty-second,  thirty-third, 
thirty-fourth,  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth 
congresses.  In  I860  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Maine;  and  in  1863  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  the  port  of  Portland. 
Maine.  He  died  May  12,  1883,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

WASHBURN,  JOHN  HENRY,  insur 
ance  president,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1828,  in 
Amherst,  Mass.  He  first  became  identified 
with  the  insurance  business  in  1850.  In 
1859  he  became  connected  with  the  Home 
Insurance  company  of  New  York  city; 
was  appointed  its  secretary  in  1867;  and 
became  vice-president  of  that  company  in 
1884.  He  has  been  twice  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  association  of  Western  Under 
writers;  and  has  also  been  president  of 
the  Insurance  Tariff  association  of  New 
York. 

WASHBURN.  PETER  THACHER,  law 
yer,  go\ernor,  author,  was  born  Sept.  7. 
1814,  in  Lynn,  Mass.  He  was  reporter  of 
the  Vermont  supreme  court  for  eight 
years  at  Woodstock;  was  adjutant  and  in 
spector-general  for  Vermont  from  1861  to 
1866;  and  was  governor  of  the  state  from 
1869  until  his  death.  He  was  the  author 
of  Reports  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ver 
mont;  and  Digest  of  All  Cases  in  the  Ver 
mont  Supreme  Court.  He  died  Feb.  7, 
1870,  in  Woodstock,  Vt. 

WASHBUHX.  WILLIAM  BARRETT, 
manufacturer,  banker,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  31,  1820,  in  Winchendon,  Mass.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state 
senate  in  1850,  and  of  the  lower  house 
in  1854;  and  was  subsequently  president 
of  the  Greenfield  bank.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  congress; 
and  continued  to  serve  in  the  house  of 
representatives  until  1872,  when  he  re 
signed.  In  1872  and  1873  he  was  gov 


ernor  of  Massachusetts;  resigned,  and  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  and  continued  in  the  senate  until 
1S75.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1887,  in  Springfield, 
Mass. 

WASHBURN,  WILLIAM  DREW,  sur 
veyor,  manufacturer,  congressman.  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1831,  in 
Livermore,  Maine. 
He  was  appointed 
surveyor-general  of 
Minnesota  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  in  1861, 
and  held  the  office 
for  four  years.  He 
has  been  actively  en 
gaged  in  various 
manufacturing  in 
dustries  in  the  city 
of  Minneapolis  since 
that  time;  was  a  di 
rector  and  large 
owner  of  the  Minneapolis  Water  Power 
company;  was  the  projector  and  after 
wards  president  of  the  Minneapolis  and 
St.  Louis  railroad;  and  organized  and 
l.uilt  the  Sault  line  of  railway  from  Min 
neapolis  to  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich., 
of  which  he  was  the  chief  projector,  and 
remained  president  until  his  election  to 
the  United  States  senate  in  1889.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  in  1858  and  1871; 
was  elected  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-sev 
enth,  and  forty-eighth  congresses;  and 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
as  a  republican,  and  served  during  1889- 
95. 

WASHBURN,  WILLIAM  TUCKER, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1841  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  novelist 
of  New  York  city,  and  the  author  of 
Fair  Harvard;  The  Unknown  City,  a  story 
of  New  York;  and  Spring  and  Summer,  a 
collection  of  verse. 

WASHBURNE,  ELIHU  B.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1816, 
in  Livermore,  Maine.  He  was  elected  a 
representathe  to  the  thirty-third  con 
gress  from  Galena,  111.;  and  re-elected  to 
the  thirty-fourth,  thirty-fifth,  thirty- 
sixth,  thirty-seventh,  and  thirty-eighth 
congresses.  On  account  of  having  served 
continuously  for  a  longer  period  than 
any  other  member  of  the  thirty-eighth 
congress,  usage  awarded  him  the  title  of 
Father  of  the  House.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  fortieth  congress;  and  in 
1869,  was  appointed  secretary  of  state  in 
the  cabinet  of  President  Grant,  but  re 
signed,  after  one  week  of  service,  to  ac 
cept  the  post  of  minister  plenipotentiary 
to  France,  continuing  in  that  position 
until  1877.  He  was  the  author  of  Sketch 
of  Edward  Coles  and  the  Slavery  Struggle 
of  1823-24;  and  Recollections  of  a  Min 
ister  to  France.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1887. 
in  Chicago,  111. 

WASHINGTON,  BOOKER  TALIAFER- 
RO,  educator,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  April  18,  1856,  in  Hale's  Ford, 
Va.  He  is  a  distinguished  educator  of 
African  descent  and  president  of  Tuske- 
gee  institute  in  Alabama  from  1881. 

WASHINGTON,  BUSHROD.  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  June  5. 
1762,  in  Westmoreland  county,  Va.  He 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  revolution;  was 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  house  of  dele 
gates;  and  was  a  member  of  the  conven 
tion  to  ratify  the  federal  constitution. 
In  1798  he  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
was  the  author  of  Reports  of  Cases  in  the 
Virginia  Court  of  Appeals;  and  Reports 
of  Cases  in  the  United  States  Circuit 
Court,  Third  District,  1803-27.  He  died 
Nov.  26,  1829,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


WASHINGTON.    GEORGE,    first   presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  was  born  Feb. 

22,  1732,  in  the  county  of  Westmoreland, 

Va.  His  father,  Au 
gustine  Washington, 
and  his  mother, 
Mary  Ball,  had  six 
children — four  sons 
and  two  daughters — 
George  being  the  eld 
est.  He  received  a 
common  English  ed 
ucation,  and  at  the 
age  of  nineteen  was 
appointed  one  of  the 
adjutant-generals  of 
his  state,  with  the 
rank  of  major.  He  was  soon  after  ap 
pointed  colonel,  which  position  he  held 
until  1758.  At  the  age  of  twenty-seven 
he  married  Mrs.  Martha  Custis,  a  wealthy 
widow  about  three  months  his  junior,  and 
the  mother  of  two  children.  In  1759  he 
was  elected  to  the  house  of  burgesses,  and 
continued  to  be  returned  to  that  body  for 
fifteen  years,  with  the  exception  of  short 
intervals,  and  officiating  as  justice  of  the 
peace.  In  1774  Washington  was  elected 
one  of  the  delegates  to  represent  Virginia 
in  the  first  continental  congress,  at  Phila 
delphia,  and  held  the  office  until  June 
15,  1775,  when  he  was  appointed  by  that 
body  commander-in-chief  of  the  American 
army.  He  held  that  position  until  he 
brought  the  revolutionary  war  to  a  suc 
cessful  termination;  then  he  returned  to 
Annapolis,  where  congress  was  in  ses 
sion,  and  resigned  his  commission  Dec. 

23,  1783.     In    May,   1787.   he   was   elected 
to  the  convention  which  met  in  Philadel 
phia   for  the   purpose  of  framing  a  con 
stitution,  and  was  chosen  to  preside  over 
its    deliberations.     The    con\ention    suc 
ceeded   in   framing  our  present  constitu 
tion    of    the    United    States,    and    it    was 
adopted  by  that  body  Sept.  17,  1787.     As 
soon  as   the   constitution   had   been  rati 
fied  by  a  sufficient  number  of  states  they 
proceeded    to    elect    a    president.     George 
Washington  was  unanimously  elected  by 
the   electoral   college    in   April,    1789,    re 
ceiving  sixty-nine  votes.     These  were  the 
votes  of  only  ten  states;  two  of  the  thir 
teen  original   states  had   not  yet  ratified 
the  constitution,  and  New  York  had  not 
passed  an  electoral  law.     He  took  the  oath 
of   office  April   30,   1789,   at   Federal  hall, 
in  the  city  of  New  York.     At  the  expira 
tion  of  his  first  term  he  was  unanimously 
re-elected    by    the    electoral    college,    and 
took    the    oath    of   office,    March    4.    1793, 
at    Philadelphia.     On    the   4th   of   March, 
1797,  his  second  presidential  term  closed, 
and  he  retired  to  his  farm  at  'Mount  Vnr- 
non,  determined  to  pass  the  remainder  of 
his  days  in  retirement.     In  July,  1798,  the 
rank  and   title  of  lieutenant-general  and 
commander-in-chief  of  all  th*  armies  of 

the  United  States 
was  conferred  upon 
him  by  congress  on 
account  of  difficul 
ties  with  France, 
but  he  did  not  find 
it  necessary  to  take 
the  field.  He  held 
the  commission  until 
his  death,  which  oc 
curred  Dec.  14,  1799, 
and  his  body  was  de 
posited  in  the  family 
tomb  at  Mount  Ver- 
non.  Colonel  Henry  Lee  said  in  a  me 
morial  address  before  congress  that  he 
was  first  in  war,  first  in  peace,  and  first 
in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen.  Wash 
ington  held  political  office  about  twenty- 
five  years,  and  military  positions  about 
fifteen  years.  He  left  an  estate  valued  at 
|800,000. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


983 


WASHINGTON,  GEORGE  CORBIN, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  20, 
1789,  in  Westmoreland  county,  Va.  He 
represented  Maryland  in  congress  from 
1827  to  1833,  and  from  1835  to  1837.  He 
was  also  a  president  of  the  Chesapeake 
and  Ohio  canal,  and  a  commissioner  for 
the  settlement  of  Indian  claims.  He  died 
July  17,  1854,  in  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

WASHINGTON,  JAMES  B.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1839.  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  president  of  the 
Wheeling,  Pittsburg  and  Baltimore  rail 
road;  and  also  president  of  numerous  rail 
road  corporations  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

WASHINGTON,  JOHN  AUGUSTUS, 
soldier,  was  born  May  3,  1821,  in  Blakely, 
Va.  He  was  a  descendant  of  George 
Washington;  served  as  aide-de-camp  on 
the  staff  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee;  and 
was  killed  with  a  reconnoitering  party, 
Sept.  13,  1861,  near  Richmond,  Va. 

WASHINGTON,  JOSEPH  EDWIN,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  10,  1851,  in  Wessington,  Tenn. 
He  is  a  descendant 
of  the  Virginia 
Washingtons  of  Sur 
rey  and  Southamp 
ton  counties.  In  1876 
he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Ten 
nessee  house  of  rep 
resentatives;  and  in 
1880  was  the  demo 
cratic  elector  on  the 
Hancock  and  English 
ticket.  In  1886  he 
was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  his  native  county  to  the 
fiftieth  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  was 
re-elected  successively  to  the  fifty-first, 
fifty-second,  fifty-third,  and  fifty-fourth 
congresses.  Having  been  a  consistent 
sound  money  democrat,  he  declined  to  be 
a  candidate  for  re-election  after  the  adop 
tion  of  the  Chicago  democratic  platform. 
He  is  now  engaged  in  agricultural  pur 
suits. 

WASHINGTON,  MRS.  LUCY  HALL 
[WALKER],  reformer,  author,  was  born 
in  1835  in  Vermont.  She  is  a  temperance 
reformer  and  poet,  the  wife  of  a  baptist 
clergyman  at  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y..  and 
the  author  of  Echoes  of  Song;  and  Mem 
ory's  Casket. 

WASHINGTON,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1752,  in  Staf 
ford  county,  Va.  He  entered  the  army 
under  Mercer,  and 
greatly  distinguished 
himself  at  the  south 
as  a  commander  of 
a  corps  of  cavalry. 
Taken  prisoner  at 
the  battle  of  Eutaw 
Springs,  he  remained 
a  captive  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  Af 
ter  the  conclusion  of 
peace  he  took  no 
other  concern  in 
public  affairs  than  to 
appear  occasionally  in  the  legislature  of 
South  Carolina,  although  he  was  offered 
the  nomination  for  the  governorship  of 
that  state.  He  died  March  6,  1810,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

WASHINGTON,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1814  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  1841  to  1843; 
and  subsequently  served  five  or  six  years 
in  the  state  legislature.  He  died  Aug.  12, 
1860. 

WASSON,  DAVID  ATWOOD,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  May  14,  1823, 


in  West  Brooksville,  Maine.  He  was  a 
Unitarian  clergyman  of  Massachusetts, 
prominent  as  a  radical  thinker,  who  lived 
at  West  Medford  after  his  retirement 
from  the  ministry.  He  was  the  author  of 
Poems;  and  Essays:  Religious,  Social,  Po 
litical.  He  died  Jan.  21,  1887,  in  West 
Medford,  Mass. 

WASSON,  GEORGE  SAVARY,  artist. 
His  works  are  Great  Misery  Island;  The 
Constitution  and  the  Guerriere;  A  Wreck 
at  Isle  au  Haut;  Moore's  Head,  Isle  au 
Haul  (1886);  Going  to  Pieces;  and  Run 
ning  for  a  Harbor. 

WATERBURY,  JARED  BELL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1799,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  who  was  city  missionary  of 
Brooklyn,  and  the  author  of  Advice  to  a 
Young  Christian;  Voyage  of  Life; 
Sketches  of  Eloquent  Preachers;  and 
Southern  Planters  and  Freedmen.  He 
died  Dec.  31,  1876,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

WATERHOUSE,  BENJAMIN,  educator, 
physician,  author,  was  born  March  4,  1754, 
in  Newport,  R.  I.  He  was  a  physician 
who  was  professor  of  medicine  at  Har 
vard  university  In  1783-1812.  and  of  na 
tural  history  at  Brown  university  in  1784- 
91.  He  was  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine;  The 
Principles  of  Vitality;  The  Botanist;  and 
The  Journal  of  a  Young  Man  of  Massa 
chusetts,  a  novel.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1846, 
in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WATERMAN,  ELIJAH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1769,  in  Bozrah, 
Conn.  He  contributed  prose  and  verse  to 
periodicals,  and  his  other  publications  in 
clude  An  Oration  before  the  Society  of 
the  Cincinnati;  A  Century  Sermon  at 
Windham;  and  Life  and  Writings  of  John 
Calvin.  He  died  Oct.  11,  1825,  in  Spring 
field,  Mass. 

WATERMAN,  FRANK  ALLAN,  physi 
cist,  was  born  July  9,  1865,  in  Oswego,  N. 
Y.  In  1888  he  graduated  from  the  Prince 
ton  unhersity;  was  professor  of  physics 
in  the  Purdue  university  in  1891-93;  in 
structor  in  physics  in  the  Princeton  uni 
versity  during  1893-97;  and  since  that 
time  has  filled  the  chair  of  physics  in  the 
Smith  college  of  Northampton,  Mass. 

WATERMAN,  IDA  FERRIS,  educator, 
reformer,  lecturer,  poet,  was  born  May  4, 
1855.  in  Galesburg,  111.  For  many  years 
she  taught  school;  has  lectured  exten 
sively  on  temperance  and  prohibition;  and 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems.  She  resides  in  South  Dakota, 
where  she  is  active  as  an  organizer  in  re 
ligious  and  temperance  work. 

WATERMAN.  LEWIS  EDSON,  inven 
tor,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1837,  in  Decatur, 
N.  Y.  He  is  the  inventor  of  the  Water 
man  fountain  pen. 

WATERMAN,  MARCUS,  artist,  was 
born  Sept.  1,  1834,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
His  landscapes  include  Gulliver  in  Lilli- 
put,  which  was  at  the  Centennial  exhibi 
tion,  Philadelphia,  in  1876;  The  Roc's 
Egg;  The  Journey  to  the  City  of  Brass; 
and  numerous  American  forest  scenes  and 
Arabian  subjects. 

WATERMAN,  SIGISMUND,  physician, 
surgeon,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
22,  1819,  in  Bavaria.  In  1857  he  was  ap 
pointed  police  surgeon,  which  place  he 
filled  for  nearly  thirty  years,  and  during 
the  civil  war  he  was  made  one  of  the 
draft  surgeons.  Among  his  papers  are 
Practical  Remarks  on  Scarlatina;  Thera 
peutic  Employment  of  Oxide  of  Zinc;  and 
Spectral  Analysis  as  an  Aid  in  the  Diag 
nosis  of  Disease. 


WATERMAN,  SYLVANUS  DEXTER, 
soldier,  educator,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1842, 
in  Litchfield,  Maine.  In  1861  he  grad 
uated  from  Bowdoin  college,  and  served 
gallantly  through  the  civil  war  in  the 
third  regiment  Massachusetts  volunteer 
infantry.  He  has  attained  success  in  edu 
cational  work;  has  been  superintendent 
of  schools  in  Greencastle,  Ind.;  principal 
of  grammar  schools  in  Louisville,  Ky.; 
for  twelve  years  was  principal  of  the  high 
school  in  Stockton,  Cal.;  and  is  now  prin 
cipal  of  high  school  and  general  superin 
tendent  of  public  schools  of  Berkeley, 
Cal.  In  1882  he  was  republican  nominee 
for  state  superintendent  of  public  instruc 
tion  of  California. 

WATERMAN,  THOMAS  GLASBY,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1788,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Bing- 
hamton,  N.  Y.,  who  published  The 
Justice's  Manual.  He  died  Jan.  7,  1862, 
•in  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

WATERMAN,  THOMAS  WHITNEY, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  June  28,  1821, 
in  Binghamton,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  lawyer  of 
Binghamton  who,  besides  editing  many 
legal  works,  has  written  The  Civil  Juris 
diction  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  in  New 
York;  Civil  and  Criminal  Jurisdiction  of 
Justices  in  Wisconsin  and  Iowa;  Princi 
ples  of  Law  and  Equity;  The  Law  of  Set- 
Off;  The  Law  of  Trespass;  The  Law  Re 
lating  to  Specific  Performance  of  Con 
tracts;  and  The  Law  of  Corporations 
other  than  Municipal. 

WATERS,  MRS.  CLARA  [ERSKINE] 
[CLEMENT],  author,  was  born  Aug.  28, 
1834,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  She  is  an  art- 
writer  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  Hand 
book  of  Legendary  and  Mythological  Art; 
Painters,  Sculptors,  Architects,  Engrav 
ers,  and  their  Works,  a  Handbook;  Chris 
tian  Symbols  (with  K.  Conway);  Ar 
tists  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  and 
their  Works  (with  L.  Hutton) ;  Life 
of  Charlotte  Cushman;  Eleanor  Mail- 
land,  a  novel;  Stories  of  Art  and  Artists; 
Naples,  the  City  of  Parthenope;  Venice, 
Mediaeval  and  Modern;  Constantinople, 
the  City  of  the  Sultans;  History  of  Paint 
ing  for  Beginners  and  Students;  and 
Rome,  the  Eternal  City. 

WATERS,  HENRY  FITZ-GILBERT, 
genealogist,  was  born  March  29,  1833,  in 
Salem,  Mass.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.  M.  from  Harvard  in  1885  for 
tracing  the  family  of  John  Harvard,  when 
other  genealogists  had  failed.  He  has 
spent  several  years  in  England  pursuing 
genealogical  inquiries. 

WATERS,  JULIUS  S.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  March  25,  1836,  in  Warrick  coun 
ty,  Ind.  In  1858  he  was  a  candidate  for 
the  legislature  in  his  native  county  and 
state;  and  in  1860  was  a  member  of  the 
Indiana  state  commission  when  Benja 
min  Harrison  was  nominated  for  supreme 
court  reporter.  In  1864-65  he  was  en 
gaged  in  journalistic  work,  and  has  pub 
lished  and  edited  papers  in  Nebraska, 
Kansas  and  Idaho.  In  1866  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar;  was  county  attorney 
in  Kansas  in  1868;  and  received  the  re 
election  in  1870,  1876  and  1878.  In  1880 
he  was  elected  to  the  Kansas  legislature, 
and  received  the  re-election  to  the  ses 
sion  of  1882.  In  1883  he  was  appointed 
receiver  of  the  United  States  land  office  at 
Hailey,  Idaho;  served  four  years,  and 
was  elected  district  attorney  of  Alturas 
county,  Idaho,  in  1888.  In  1896  he  was 
elected  to  the  Idaho  legislature  from  Lin 
coln  county.  He  is  a  recognized  leader  in 
the  house  of  representatives;  is  a  versa 
tile  writer,  a  ready  speaker,  and  a  bril 
liant  orator. 


' 


984 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WATERS,  ROBERT,  educator,  author, 
was  born  May  9,  1835,  in  Scotland.  He 
is  an  educator  of  Hoboken,  N.  J., 
and  the  author  of  Life  of  William  Cob- 
bett;  Shakespeare  Portrayed  by  Himself; 
and  How  Genius  Works  its  Wonders. 

WATERS,  WILLIAM  EVERETT,  edu 
cator,  author,  college  president,  was  born 
Dec.  20,  1856,  in  Winthrop,  Maine.  Since 
1894  he  has  been  president  of  Wells  col 
lege,  of  Aurora,  N.  Y.  He  was  joint 
author  with  President  Harper,  of  the  Chi 
cago  university,  of  An  Inductive  Greek 
Method. 

WATERSTON,  MRS.  ANNE  CABOT 
LOWELL  LQUINCY],  author,  poet.  She 
is  the  author  of  Verses  by  A.  C.  Q.  W.; 
and  Adelaide  Phillipps,  a  Record. 

WATERSTON,  ROBERT  CASSIE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1812  in  Maine. 
He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Boston, 
and  the  author  of  Thoughts  on  Moral  and 
Spiritual  Culture;  and  Arthur  Lee  and- 
Tom  Palmer.  He  died  in  1893. 

WATIE,  STAND,  soldier,  was  born  in 
1815  in  Cherokee,  Ga.  He  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Cherokee,  Ga.,  legislative 
council,  and  was  speaker  of  the  lower 
house  from  1862  till  1865.  He  became 
colonel  of  the  first  Cherokee  confederate 
infantry  regiment  in  October,  1861,  and 
was  promoted  brigadier-general  in  the 
confederate  army  in  1864.  He  died  in 
August,  1877. 

WATKIN,  WILLIAM  HAMILTON, 
lawyer,  was  born  March  10,  1871,  in  Lee, 
Miss.  He  attended  the  university  of  Mis 
sissippi;  studied  law,  and  has  since  at 
tained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Jackson,  Miss. 

WATKINS,  ALBERT  G.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  May  5, 
1818,  in  Jefferson  county,  Tenn.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Tennessee  legislature  from 
his  native  county  in  1845;  and  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1848.  He  was  first 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  In 
1849,  and  served  by  successive  re-elec 
tions  until  1859,  except  during  the  thirty- 
third  congress,  when  he  declined  the  nom 
ination. 

WATKINS,  JABEZ  B.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  June  25,  1845,  in  Indiana 
county,  Pa.  In  1890  he  became  president 
of  the  Kansas  City,  Watkins  and  Gulf 
railway  at  Lawrence,  Kan. 

WATKINS,  SAMUEL,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  1794  in  Campbell  county,  Va. 
He  bequeathed  one  hundred  and  thirty 
thousand  dollars  for  the  establishment  of 
a  polytechnic  institution  in  Nashville, 
which  was  erected  there  in  1882.  He  died 
Oct.  16,  1880,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

WATKINS,  TOBIAS,  physician,  was 
born  in  1780  in  Maryland.  In  1825  he  was 
appointed  fourth  auditor  of  the  treasury, 
which  office  he  held  until  1830.  He  died 
Nov.  14,  1855,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WATKINS,  WALTER  KENDALL,  ge 
nealogist,  historian,  was  born  Aug.  5, 
1855  in  Boston,  Mass.  This  noted  gene 
alogist  and  historical  writer  is  secretary 
of  the  society  of  Colonial  Wars;  registrar 
of  society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolution;  and 
assistant  librarian  and  curator  of  the  New 
England  Historic  Genealogical  society. 

WATKINS,  WILLIAM  BROWN,  philol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  May  2,  1834,  in 
Bridgeport,  Ohio.  From  1868  till  1872  he 
was  presiding  elder  at  Steubenville,  Ohio, 
after  which  he  was  stationed  in  Pittsburg 
for  nine  years.  He  is  a  reader  of  the  his 
torical  dictionary  of  the  Philological  so 
ciety  now  in  course  of  publication  in  Lon 
don,  and  for  many  years  has  been  prepar 
ing  an  Etymological  Dictionary  of  Amer 
ican  Geographical  Names. 


WATKINSON,  DAVID,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Jan.  17,  1778,  in  England.  By 
his  will  he  gave  $40,000  to  the  Hartford 
hospital,  $20,000  to  the  orphan  asylum, 
$40,000  for  the  foundation  of  a  juvenile 
asylum  and  farm  school  for  neglected  and 
abandoned  children,  and  $100,000  for  a 
library  of  reference  in  connection  with  the 
Connecticut  Historical  society,  also  mak 
ing  the  trustees  of  the  library  of  refer 
ence  residuary  legatees  of  his  estate.  He 
died  Dec.  13,  1857,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

WATMOUGH,  JOHN  GODDARD,  sol 
dier,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1793. 
in  Wilmington,  Del.  He  was  aide-de 
camp  to  General  Gaines,  at  New  Orleans, 
and  in  the  Creek  Nation  in  1814  and  1815; 
and  resigned  his  commission  in  1816.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Pennsylvania  in  1831.  He  was  high 
sheriff  of  Philadelphia  city  and  county  in 
1835;  and  was  surveyor  of  that  port  in 
1841.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1861,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

WATMOUGH,  PENDLETON  GAINES, 

naval   officer,   was   born   May   3,    1828,   in 

Whitemarsh,    Pa.     He   entered    the    navy 

in  1841;     served     on 

-.-,-•  the     Brazil     station, 

3(|(t.  the      Mediterranean, 

and  the  Pacific,  and 

shared   in     the   cap- 

'•£fc^SS*      Ib       ture   a1"'   occupation 

of  California  during 

!    the  Mexican  war.  He 

f*~\t.  ..  !    returned      home     in 

i    1847,    the    following 

A      jj^^^^^^.     year   was   graduated 

H|     at     the     naval     aca- 

^^Q|^4|       |    demy,  served  in  the 

Mediterranean      and 

Pacific  and  on  the  coast  of  China,  and  re 
signed  in  1858.  In  1861  he  volunteered  for 
the  civil  war  and  was  reappointed  in  the 
navy.  He  resigned  as  lieutenant-com 
mander  in  1865,  and  in  1869-77  was  col 
lector  of  the  port  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WATROUS,  JEROME  A.,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1840,  in  Conk- 
lin,  N.  Y.  His  place  in  the  history  of 
the  civil  war  is  forever  fixed  by  the  fact 
of  his  having  been  adjutant  general  of  the 
famous  Wisconsin  iron  brigade.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  a  journalist  of  repu 
tation,  and  his  historical  articles  on  the 
civil  war  published  during  the  last 
three  years  in  The  Times-Herald  have 
been  the  most  widely  read  literature  of 
their  kind  in  recent  years.  On  June  16, 
1898,  he  was  made  a  paymaster  in  the 
regular  army,  with  the  rank  of  major. 

WATROUS,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1806  in  Colchester,  Conn. 
He  was  attorney-general  of  the  republic 
of  Texas;  and  when  it  became  a  state 
was  made  judge  of  the  United  States  court 
for  the  eastern  district  of  the  state,  serv 
ing  until  1869.  He  died  June  17,  1874,  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

WATSON,  ALFRED  AUGUSTIN,  bish 
op  of  East  Carolina,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1818. 
in  New  York  city.  He  served  as  chaplain 
to  the  second  regiment  of  North  Carolina 
state  troops  from  1861  to  1863,  when  he 
was  elected  assistant  to  Bishop  Atkinson, 
in  charge  of  St.  James's  church,  Wilming 
ton,  N.  C.,  of  which  he  became  rector  in 
1864,  and  served  there  until  his  elevation 
to  the  episcopate. 

WATSON,  BENJAMIN  FRANK,  sol 
dier,  journalist,  lawyer,  was  born  April  30, 
1826,  in  Warner,  N.  H.  He  was  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Lawrence  Sentinel, 
postmaster  of  the  city,  was  nominated  for 
mayor,  and  subsequently  elected  city  so 
licitor.  He  was  major  of  the  sixth  regi 
ment  of  Massachusetts  militia. 


WATSON,  BERIAH  ANDRE,  physician, 
author,  was  born  March  26,  1836,  in  Lake 
George,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  physician  of  Jer 
sey  City,  and  the  author  of  Amputations 
and  their  Complications;  and  The  Sports 
man's  Paradise,  or  the  Lake  Lands  of 
Canada. 

WATSON,  COOPER  K.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1855 
to  1857. 

WATSON,  DAVID  H.,  journalist,  lawyer, 
was  born  April  25,  1855,  in  Fulton  county, 
111.  He  has  filled  various  public  omces  of 
trust  in  Missouri;  and  is  now  the  editor 
of  The  Record  of  Cabool.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature 
on  various  subjects. 

WATSON,  DAVID  K.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  18,  1849,  near  Lon 
don,  Ohio.  He  was  assistant  United 
States  district  attorney  for  the  southern 
district  of  Ohio  during  the  administration 
of  President  Arthur;  and  in  1887  was 
nominated  by  the  republican  state  con 
vention  of  Ohio  for  attorney-general  and 
elected,  and  was  renominated  by  accla 
mation  and  re-elected  in  1889.  In  1892  he 
was  appointed  special  counsel  for  the 
United  States  in  the  suits  brought  by  the 
government  against  the  Pacific  railroads. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth 
congress  as  a  republican,  being  the  only 
republican  ever  elected  from  the  district. 

WATSON,  ELKANAH,  agriculturist, 
author.  He  was  a  noted  traveler  and 
agriculturist,  and  the  author  of  Men  and 
Times  of  the  Revolution,  his  best-known 
work,  which  is  mainly  autobiographic. 
Other  works  of  his  are,  Tour  in  Holland 
in  1784;  History  of  the  Canals  in  the  State 
of  New  York  from  1788  to  1819;  Rise  of 
Modern  Agricultural  Societies;  and  His 
tory  of  Agricultural  Societies  on  the 
Berkshire  System.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1842, 
in  Port  Kent,  N.  Y. 

WATSON,  FLETCHER  B.,  soldier,  ed 
ucator,  lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1841,  in 
Chatham,  Va.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  as  a  sergeant  in  the  confederate 
army.  He  has  been  superintendent  of 
schools,  clerk  of  circuit  court;  for  years 
was  engaged  in  journalistic  work;  and  is 
now  a  prominent  lawyer  in  his  native 
city. 

WATSON,  HENRY  CLAY,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1831  in  Maryland. 
He  was  a  journalist  of  Philadelphia,  and 
subsequently  of  California,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Campfires  of  the  Revolution; 
Campfires  of  Napoleon;  Romance  of  His 
tory;  Lives  of  the  Presidents;  Nights 
in  a  Block-House;  Old  Bell  of  Independ 
ence;  The  Yankee  Teapot;  Heroic  Women 
of  History;  and  Universal  Naval  History. 
He  died  July  10,  1869,  in  Sacramento,  ual. 

WATSON,  HENRY  COOD,  musical 
critic,  was  born  in  1816  in  England.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  1840,  and  was 
art-critic  for  the  New  York  World  in 
which  he  published  several  poems.  He 
became  connected  with  the  Musical  Chron 
icle  in  1843,  and  contributed  to  various 
periodicals.  He  founded  the  Musical 
Guest.  In  1862  he  founded  the  Art 
Journal,  and  in  1863  became  musical 
critic  of  the  New  York  Tribune.  He  died 
Dec.  2,  1875,  in  New  York  city. 

WATSON.  JAMES,  state  legislator, 
United  States  senator.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  assembly  of  New  York  during 
the  years  1791,  1794,  1795,  and  1796;  was  a 
state  senator  in  1797;  and  was  a  senator 
in  congress  from  New  York  from  1798 
to  1800,  when  he  resigned.  He  died  May 
15,  1806,  in  New  York  city. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


985 


WATSON,  JAMES  CRAIG,  astronomer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1838,  in  Canada. 
He  became  assistant  astronomer  in  the 
observatory  of  the  university  of  Michigan. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  Popular  Treatise 
on  Comets;  A  Complete  Digest  of  the 
Results  and  Methods  of  All  Great  Writers 
on  Theoretical  Astronomy,  and  other 
works.  He  died  Nov.  23,  1880,  in  Madi 
son,  Wis. 

WATSON,  JAMES  E.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1864,  in  Winches 
ter,  Ind.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of  Rush- 
ville,  Ind.  He  was  elected  president  of 
the  state  Epworth  league  of  the  metho- 
dist  episcopal  church  in  1892  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1893.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

WATSON,  JAMES  MADISON,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1827,  in  Onon- 
daga  county,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  educator 
of  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  and  the  author  of 
Handbook  of  Gymnastics;  Manual  of  Cal 
isthenics;  and  a  series  of  Independent 
Readers. 

WATSON,  JAMES  V.,  clergyman,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1814,  in  Lon 
don,  England.  He  was  editor  of  the 
Michigan  Christian  Advocate  and  of  the 
Northwestern  Christian  Advocate  in  Chi 
cago  in  1852-56,  and  was  the  author  of 
Helps  to  the  Promotion  of  Revivals;  and 
Tales  and  Takings,  Sketches  and  Inci 
dents  from  the  Itinerant  and  Editorial 
Budget  of  the  Rev.  J.  V.  Watson.  He 
died  Oct.  17,  1856,  in  Chicago,  111. 

WATSON,  MRS.  JENNIE  J.,  poet,  was 
born  May  4,  1838,  in  Booneville,  Mo."  She 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

WATSON,  JOHN,  physician,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  April  16,  1807,  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  instrumental  in  organiz 
ing  the  New  York  Medical  and  Surgical 
society,  the  American  Medical  association. 
and  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine, 
of  which  latter  institution  he  was  presi 
dent  in  1859-60.  He  was  the  author  of 
numerous  reports,  essays,  and  reviews  in 
professional  journals.  He  died  June  3, 
1863,  in  New  York  city. 

WATSON,  JOHN  FANNING,  booksel 
ler,  banker,  author,  was  born  in  1780,  in 
New  Jersey.  He  was  a  bookseller,  and 
subsequently  a  banker,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  the  author  of  Historic  Tales;  and 
Annals  of  Philadelphia.  He  died  in  1860. 

WATSON,  JOHN  WHITTAKER,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1824,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
New  York  city,  and  the  author  of  Beau 
tiful  Snow  and  Other  Poems;  and  The 
Outcast  and  Other  Poems.  He  died  July 
18,  1890,  in  New  York  city. 

WATSON,  LEWIS  F.,  merchant,  bank 
er,  congressman,  was  born  April  14,  1819, 
in  Crawford  county,  Pa.  He  was  elected 
president  of  the  Warren  Savings  bank 
in  1870;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsyhania  to  the  forty-fifth  and 
forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  republican; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-first  con 
gress.  He  died  Aug.  25.  1890,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

WATSON,  PAUL  BARRON,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  25,  1861,  in  Mor- 
ristown,  N.  J.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston, 
and  the  author  of  Marcus  Aurelius  An 
toninus;  Bibliography  of  Pre-Columbian 
Discoveries  of  America;  and  The  Swedish 
Revolution  under  Gustavus  Vasa,  a  very 
effective  study  of  an  important  epoch  in 
Swedish  history. 

WATSON,  SERENO,  botanist,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  1,  1826,  in  East  Windsor 
Hill,  Conn.  He  was  a  noted  botanist  of 
Cambridge,  curator  of  the  Herbarium  of 
Harvard  university  in  1888-92.  and  the 


author  of  Bibliographical  Index  of  North 
American  Botany;  and  Botany  of  Califor 
nia.  He  died  March  9,  1892,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

WATSON,  STEPHEN  M.,  librarian, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1836,  in  Saco, 
Maine.  He  was  elected  superintendent 
and  librarian  at  the 
York  institute  of  Sa 
co,  Maine,  which  po 
sition  he  resigned  to 
accept  a  similar  one 
in  the  public  library 
of  Portland  He  is 
the  editor  and  pub 
lisher  of  The  Maine 
Historical  and  Ge 
nealogical  Recorder. 
His  poems  have  ap 
peared  in  the  lead 
ing  publications  of 
New  England;  and  in  a  number  of  stand 
ard  collections  of  poetry. 

WATSON,  THOMAS  E.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  5, 
1856,  in  Georgia.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Georgia  legislature  in  1882-83;  and 
was  democratic  elector  for  tne  state  at 
large  in  1888.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress  as  a  democrat. 

WATSON,  WILLIAM,  civil  engineer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  19,  1834,  in  Nan- 
tucket,  Mass.  He  is  a  professor  of  me 
chanical  engineering,  and  the  author  of 
Technical  Education;  Course  in  Descrip 
tive  Geometry;  and  Course  in  Shades  and 
Shadows. 

WATSON,  WILLIAM  F.,  educator,  poet, 
was  born  May  11,  1862,  in  Canada.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  he  commenced  edu 
cational  work  in  the 
state  of  Maine;  and 
later  completed  a 
classical  course  at 
Houlton  academy; 
and  subsequently 
graduated  from  the 
Colby  university. 
For  many  years  he 
has  been  professor 
of  chemistry  in  the 
Furman  university 
of  Greenville,  S.  C. 
He  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  entitled  The  Children  of  the  Sun, 
and  Miscellaneous  Poems;  and  contrib 
uted  extensively  to  current  literature  on 
educational  and  scientific  topics.  His  po 
ems  also  appear  in  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works. 

WATSON,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1829,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  examiner  in 
diagnosis  and  pathology  in  the  state  board 
of  medical  examination  from  1872  till 
1881;  U.  S.  examining  pension  surgeon 
from  1875  till  1881,  surgeon-general  of 
New  York  state  from  1880  till  1883,  and 
since  1882  has  been  regent  of  the  uni 
versity  of  the  state  of  New  York. 

WATSON.  WILLIAM  ROBINSON,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  14, 
1799,  in  Scuth  Kingston,  R.  I.  In  1856 
he  was  appointed  by  the  Rhode  Island 
general  assembly  state  auditor,  serving 
until  1863.  He  frequently  edited  political 
journals,  and  wrote  for  the  press,  vindi 
cating  and  explaining  the  doctrines  of 
the  whig  party  with  great  vigor.  He 
died  Aug.  29,  1864,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

WATSON,  WINSLOW  COSSOUL,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1803,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  Treatise  on 
Practical  Husbandry;  Pioneer  History  of 
the  Champlain  Valley;  and  History  of 
Essex  County,  New  York. 


WATTERS,  M.  L.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  March  13,  1863,  near  Groton, 
Ohio.  In  1893  he  was  a  representative  in 
the  Kansas  state  legislature,  known  as 
the  war-house;  and  is  still  a  member, 
elected  by  the  state  populist  ticket.  He 
has  been  principally  engaged  in  coal  min 
ing;  for  three  years  was  president  of  the 
Miners'  union;  and  is  now  engaged  in  law 
at  Scammon,  Kan. 

WATTERSON,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  li 
brarian,  author,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1783, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  Washington 
lawyer  who  was  the  first  librarian  of 
congress;  and  the  author  of  Letters  from 
Washington;  The  Wanderer  in  Washing 
ton;  Course  of  Study  Preparatory  to  the 
Bar  or  Senate;  and  The  Lawyer,  or  Man 
as  He  Ought  Not  to  Be.  He  died  Feb  4, 
1854,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WATTERSON,  HARVEY  McGEE, 
journalist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  23,  1811,  in  Bedford  county, 
Tenn.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  his  native  county  to  the  Tennessee 
legislature  in  1835.  He  resided  in  the  con 
gressional  district  of  James  K.  Polk,  and, 
in  1839,  when  Mr.  Polk  became  a  candi 
date  for  governor  was  elected  as  his  suc 
cessor  in  congress.  He  was  re-elected  in 
1841,  and  served  until  1843.  He  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  minister  to  Buenos 
Ayres;  and  on  his  return  from  this  mis 
sion,  in  1845,  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  of  Tennessee,  and  when  the  legis 
lature  met  was  chosen  president  of  the 
senate.  He  became  connected  with  his 
son  in  the  conduct  of  the  Louisville  Cour 
ier-Journal,  and  continued  an  active  mem 
ber  of  the  editorial  staff  on  that  paper. 
He  died  Oct.  1,  1891,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

WATTERSON,  HENRY,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  16, 
1840,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  served  in 
the  confederate  army.  In  1867  he  re 
moved  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  became  part 
owner  and  the  editor  of  the  Louisville 
Journal;  consolidated  with  other  papers, 
in  1868,  under  the  title  of  the  Courier- 
Journal,  of  which  he  became  the  editor. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  forty-fourth  congress,  to 
fill  a  vacancy,  as  a  democrat.  He  is  the 
author  of  Oddities  of  Southern  Life  and 
Character. 

WATTERSON,  JOHN  AMBROSE,  Ro 
man  catholic  bishop,  was  born  May  27, 
1844,  in  Blairsville,  Pa.  He  was  appoint 
ed  professor  in  Mount  St.  Mary's,  and  in 
1877  he  was  made  president.  In  1880  he 
was  consecrated  bishop  of  Columbus.  In 
1884  he  founded  a  college  in  Columbus. 

WATTS,  EDWIN  FORREST,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  March  29,  1859,  in  Taylor 
county,  Iowa.  In  1884  he  entered  journal 
ism  and  in  1886  started  a  crusade  against 
the  corrupt  management  of  the  Iowa  state 
institution  for  the  deaf,  which  resulted  in 
Mr.  Watts  being  sustained  by  the  state 
legislature,  and  the  management  removed. 
In  1891  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  state 
convention,  and  has  since  filled  various 
public  positicns  of  trust.  He  resides  in 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  where  he  is  success 
fully  engaged  in  journalism. 

WATTS,  FREDERICK,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  May  9,  1801,  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  In 
1849  he  was  appointed  president  judge  of 
the  ninth  district  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
1854  he  was  one  of  the  projectors  of  the 
Agricultural  college  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
chosen  president  of  the  board  of  trustees; 
and  took  an  interest  in  all  the  local  enter 
prises  of  Carlisle.  In  1871,  he  was  ap 
pointed  commissioner  of  agriculture  in 
Washington. 


986 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WATTS,  HENRY  MILLER,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1805, 
in  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  practiced  law  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.;  was  appointed  deputy  at 
torney-general;  and  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  from  1835  to  1838. 
He  then  settled  in  Philadelphia,  and  was 
appointed  United  States  attorney  for  the 
district  of  Philadelphia;  and  in  1868  was 
appointed  envoy  extraordinary  and  minis 
ter  plenipotentiary  to  Austria. 

WATTS,  JOHN,  major  general,  con- 
gre%sman,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1749,  in  New 
York  city.  In  the  military  service  of  the 
state  of  New  York  he  rose  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier  general.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  1793  to  1795.  He  died  Sept. 
3,  1836,  in  New  York  city. 

WATTS,  JOHN  S.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  19,  1816,  in  Boone  county,  Ky. 
He  served  in  the  legislature  of  Indiana; 
was  twice  elected  a  prosecuting  attorney; 
and  in  1851  was  appointed  an  associate 
justice  in  New  Mexico.  He  was  elected 
a  delegate  from  New  Mexico  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress;  took  an  active  part  in 
raising  troops  for  the  union  army  during 
the  rebellion;  and  in  1868  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New 
Mexico. 

WATTS,  ROBERT,  educator,  was  born 
in  1812,  in  Fordham,  N.  Y.  From  1839 
till  his  death  he  was  professor  of  anato 
my  in  the  college  of  Physicians  and  Sur 
geons  of  New  York  city,  and  from  1859 
he  was  one  of  the  attending  physicians  of 
the  nursery  and  child's  hospital.  He  died 
Sept.  8,  1867,  in  Paris,  France. 

WATTS,  THOMAS  HILL,  statesman, 
lawyer,  governor,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1819,  in 
Butler  county,  Ala.  In  1842  he  was  elected 
to  the  legislature,  and  he  was  returned  in 
1844  and  1845.  He  removed  to  Montgom 
ery  county  in  1847.  and  was  in  1849  sent 
to  the  legislature  from  that  district;  and 
in  1863-68  was  governor  of  Alabama. 

WAUCHOPE,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  public 
official,  was  born  March  10,  1783,  in  Lex 
ington,  Va.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war 
of  1812,  in  which  he  was  also  paymaster. 
He  was  elected  commissioner  of  revenue; 
was  high  sheriff  of  his  county  and  died 
in  1854. 

WAUCHOPE,  SAMUEL  AUGUSTINE, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  June  28, 

'22,  in  Rockbridge  county,  Va.  .He  at 
tended  the  Washington  and  Lee  univer 
sity,  and  the  university  of  New  York  city. 
He  taught  school  until  he  graduated  in 
medicine;  practiced  in  his  native  state 
for  a  number  of  years,  when  he  moved  to 
Georgia,  where  he  attained  success  in  his 
profession  and  became  one  of  the  lead 
ing  physicians  and  surgeons  of  that  state 
He  now  resides  in  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

WAUGH,  BEVERLY,  bishop,  was  born 
Oct.  28,  1789.  in  Fairfax  county,  Va.  In 
1808  he  entered  the  ministry,  and  at  the 
end  of  three  years  he  was  stationed  in  the 
city  of  Washington.  He  was  elected  by 
the  Baltimore  conferences  to  the  general 
conferences  of  1816  and  1820.  In  1852  he 
became  senior  bishop  of  the  church.  He 
died  Feb.  9,  1858,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

WAUGH,  DAN,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  7,  1842,  in  In 
diana.  He  served  three  years  as  private 
in  company  A,  thirty-fourth  Indiana  vol 
unteer  infantry.  He  was  elected  to  the 
office  of  judge  of  the  thirty-sixth  judicial 
circuit  for  six  years;  and  was  elected 
from  Indiana  to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses. 

WATCH,  FREDERICK  JUDD,  artist, 
was  born  Sept.  13,  1861,  in  Bordentown, 


N.  J.  He  has  been  successful  as  a  land 
scape  and  marine  painter;  and  in  painting 
portraits  and  allegorical  figures. 

WAUGH,  IDA,  artist,  was  born  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  In  1896  she  received  the 
three  hundred  dollar  prize  awarded  for 
the  best  picture  painted  by  an  American 
woman  at  the  New  York  Academy  of  De 
sign. 

WAUGH,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
poet,  was  born  March  21,  1814.  in  Eng 
land.  He  is  an  eminent  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Cohocton,  N.  Y.  In  1888  he 
published  a  work  entitled  Messiah's  Mis 
sion. 

WAUL,  THOMAS  N.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1815, 
in  Sumter  district,  S.  C.  Having  removed 
to  Texas  he  was  elected  one  of  her  repre 
sentatives  in  the  first  confederate  con 
gress.  He  was  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
confederate  army. 

WAXHAM,  FRANK  E.,  physician,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1853,  in  La  Porte 
county,  Ind.  In  1878  he  graduated  from 
the  Chicago  Medical 
college;  and  subse 
quently  studied  in 
London  and  Berlin. 
He  now  fills  the 
chair  in  the  Gross 
Medical  college  of 
Denver,  Col.  He  is 
a  versatile  writer, 
and  a  constant  con 
tributor  to  medical 
and  secular  journals. 
He  has  also  published 
numerous  pamphlets 
on  medical  subjects. 

WAY.  ANDREW  JOHN  HENRY,  artist, 
was  born  April  27,  1826,  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  At  the  Philadelphia  exhibition  of 
1876  he  received  a  medal  for  two  panels. 
His  numerous  works  include  A  Christmas 
Memory;  Prince  Albert  Grapes;  Flora  and 
Pomona;  Wild  Fowl;  A  Sportsman's 
Luck;  To  my  Sweetheart;  and  Prepara 
tion  for  Apple  Toddy.  He  died  Feb  7, 
1888,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

WAY,  GEORGE  BREVITT,  artist,  was 
born  Oct.  29,  1854,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
Among  his  works  are  Sunset;  Twilight  on 
the  Susquehanna;  Village  Scene  in 
Brownsville;  and  On  the  Upper  Potomac. 
WAYLAND,  FRANCIS,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  March  11, 
1796,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  bap 
tist  clergyman  emi 
nent  as  a  metaphysi 
cian,  and  was  presi 
dent  of  Brown  uni 
versity  in  1827-55. 
He  was  the  author  of 
Elements  of  Moral 
Science;  Intellectual 
Philosophy;  Human 
Responsibility;  Ele 
ments  of  Political 
Economy;  Occasion 
al  Discourses;  Moral 
Law  of  Accumula 
tion;  Domestic  Slavery  Considered  as  a 
Scriptural  Institution;  Sermons  to  the 
Churches;  Principles  and  Practice  of  Bap 
tist  Churches;  and  Letters  on  the  Minis 
try  of  the  Gospel.  He  died  Sept.  30,  1865, 
in  Providence,  R.  I. 

WAYLAND,  FRANCIS,  educator,  law 
yer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1826, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1864  he  was  elected 
judge  of  probate  for  New  Haven;  and  in 
1869  he  was  elected  lieutenant-governor 
of  Connecticut.  In  1872  he  was  appointed 
to  a  professorship  in  the  Law  school  of 
Yale,  and  in  the  next  year  he  was  made 
dean  of  that  school.  He  published  papers 
on  Tramps;  and  Out-Door  Relief,  pre 


pared  for  the  American  Social  Science  as 
sociation. 

WAYLAND,  HEMAN  UNCOLN,  cler 
gyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born  April 
23,  1830,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  is  ai 
baptist  clergyman,  editor  of  The  National 
Baptist  at  Philadelphia  in  1872-94,  and 
editor  of  The  Examiner  from  1894.  He 
is  the  author  of  Life  and  Labors  of  F. 
Wayland;  and  Faith  and  Works  of 
Charles  Spurgeon. 

WAYNE,  ANTHONY,  soldier,  states 
man,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1745,  in  East  Town, 
Chester  county,  Pa.  In  1773  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative 
in  the  Pennsylvania 
'general  assembly. 
In  1775  he  entered 
the  army  as  colonel, 
and  at  the  close  of 
the  campaign  was 
made  a  brigadier- 
general.  In  1781  he 
led  the  Pennsylva 
nia  line  to  form  a 
junction  with  Lafay 
ette  in  Virginia,  and 
engaged  in  the  cap 
ture  of  Cornwallis,  after  which  he  con 
ducted  the  war  in  Georgia  with  equal  suc 
cess,  receiving  from  the  legislature  of  that 
state,  as  a  reward  for  his  services,  a  val 
uable  farm,  upon  which  he  retired  after 
the  war.  In  1787  he  was  a  member  of  the- 
convention  for  framing  the  constitution. 
He  concluded  a  treaty,  Aug.  3,  1795,  with 
the  hostile  tribes  northwest  of  the  Ohio, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  major-general. 
He  was  called  Mad  Anthony.  He  died  in 
December,  1796,  in  Erie,  Pa. 

WAYNE.  ISAAC,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1770  in  Warren  county,  Pa.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1823  to  1825.  He  died 
Oct.  25,  1852,  in  Chester  county,  Pa. 

WAYNE,  JAMES  MOORE,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1790  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  general  assembly 
as  an  opponent  of  the  relief  law;  and 
was  re-elected  the  following  year.  He  was 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Savannah;  and  on 
his  resignation  of  that  office  was  chosen 
judge  of  the  superior  court.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  congress  in  the  ses 
sion  of  1829  and  1830,  a,nd  served  until 
1835.  He  was  appointed  to  a  seat  on  the- 
bench  of  the  United  States  supreme  court 
in  1835.  He  died  July  5,  1867,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

WEAD,  CHARLES  KASSON,  electric 
ian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1848,  in 
Malone,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  electrician  of 
Hartford;  and  the  author  of  Aims  and 
Methods  of  the  Teaching  of  Physics;  and 
Lecture  Notes  on  Sound  and  Light. 

WEADOCK,    THOMAS    A.    E.,    lawyer, 
congressman,    was   born  Jan.    1,   1850,   in 
Ireland.    In  1877  he  was  appointed  prose- 
•  cuting     attorney     of 

Bay      county,       and 
dff       llMf          served  till  1878.     He 
J/HK  was    mayor    of    Bay 

A  City  from  1883  to 
-^  ^^'  1885;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  board 
of  education  of  Bay 
City  for  a  short  time. 
He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congress 
es  as  a  democrat. 
He  now  practices 

law  in  Detroit,  Mich.;  and  also  is  asso 
ciated  with  his  brother,  John  C.  Weadock, 
in  the  law  office  at  Bay  City. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


987 


WEAKLEY,  ROBERT,  congressman, 
was  born  July  20,  1764,  in  Halifax  county, 
Va.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Tennessee  from  1809  to  1811;  and 
in  1819  was  appointed  United  States  com 
missioner  to  treat  with  the  Chickasaws. 
He  died  Feb.  4,  1845,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

WEAR,  ROBERT  DUKE,  lawyer,  poet, 
vas  born  Feb.  26,  1854,  in  Verona,  Miss. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Granbury, 
Tex.;  and  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled 
Beauty,  and  Other  Poems. 

WEARE,  MESHECH,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  16,  1713,  in  Hampton,  N.  H.  He  was 
elected  to  the  New  Hampshire  legislature 
for  several  years,  serving  as  speaker 
in  1752.  In  1754  he  was  a  commissioner 
to  the  colonial  congress  at  Albany,  and 
he  was  afterward  a  justice  of  the  supreme 
court,  and  in  1777  became  chief  justice. 
He  died  Jan.  15,  1786,  in  Hampton  Falls, 
N.  H. 

WEATHERSBY,  ELIZA,  actress,  was 
born  in  1849  in  England.  She  has  attain 
ed  a  national  reputation  throughout  the 
country  as  a  noted  actress.  She  died 
March  24,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

WEATHERWAX,  FRANK,  elocution 
ist,  orator,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1863,  in 
Corey,  Mich.  He  received  a  thorough  ed 
ucation  in  the  district  schools,  and  at  the 
Northern  Indiana  Normal  school  of 
Valparaiso.  He  studied  elocution  and  ora 
tory  under  the  best  masters,  and  is  now 
teacher  of  those  arts  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

WEAVER,  ARCHIBALD  J.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  April  15,  1844, 
in  Susquehanna  county,  Pa.  He  is  a  noted 
lawyer  of  Falls  City,  Neb.  In  1872  he  was 
elected  district  attorney  of  the  first  ju 
dicial  district.  He  was  elected  judge  of 
the  first  judicial  district  in  1875,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1879,  holding  the  position 
until  elected  a  representative  from  Ne 
braska  to  the  forty-eighth  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

WEAVER,  CHARLES  ALEXANDER, 
manufacturer,  banker,  was  born  April  14, 
1845,  in  York,  Pa.  He  is  a  successful 
manufacturer  of  Moundville,  W.  Va.; 
president  of  the  Moundville  Manufactur 
ing  company;  president  of  the  Mound 
ville  Land  company;  and  president  of  the 
Marshall  County  bank. 

WEAVER,  GEORGE  SUMNER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1818,  in 
Rockingham,  Vt.  He  is  a  universalist 
clergyman;  and  the  author  of  Lectures 
on  Mental  Science;  Hopes  and  Helps  for 
the  Young;  Aims  and  Aids  for  Girls;  The 
Ways  of  Life;  The  Christian  Household; 
The  Open  Way;  Moses  and  Modern  Sci 
ence;  The  Heart  of  the  Word;  and  Lives 
and  Graves  of  Our  Presidents. 

WEAVER,  JAMES  B..  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  12,  1833,  in 
Dayton,  Ohio.  He  entered  the  union  army 
in  1861  as  a  private, 
and  rose  to  the  rank 
of  colonel  and  brevet 
brigadier  -  general. 
He  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  of  the 
second  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Iowa  in  1866; 
and  was  appointed 
assessor  of  internal 
revenue  in  1867.  He 
was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Iowa 
to  the  forty-sixth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses.  In  1890 
he  was  the  candidate  of  the  national 
party  for  the  presidency  of  the  United 
States. 


WEAVER,  JOHN  G.,  legislator,  public 
official,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1812,  in  New 
port,  R.  I.  In  1863-64  he  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  Rhode  Island  state  legisla 
ture;  and  was  one  of  the  first  aldermen 
of  Newport. 

WEAVER,  JOHN  RILEYT  soldier,  edu 
cator,  diplomat,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1839, 
in  Youngstown,  Pa.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education  in  the  Normal  School 
academy,  and  the  Allegheny  college,  frpm 
which  latter  institution  he  received  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M.;  and  in  1866 
was  given  the  degree  of  S.  T.  B.  by  the 
Garrett  Biblical  institute  of  Evanston, 
111.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the 
union  army  as  lieutenant  in  company  G, 
eighteenth  regiment  Pennsylvania  caval 
ry;  was  made  a  prisoner  of  war;  was 
confined  in  Libby  prison  and  other  pris 
ons  for  nearly  two  years;  and  was  bre- 
vetted  lieutenant-colonel  of  volunteers. 
In  1869-70  he  was  consul  in  Italy;  in  1870- 
79  consul  at  Antwerp,  Belgium;  and  con 
sul-general  at  Vienna,  Austria,  during 
1879-86.  He  has  been  professor  of  math 
ematics  and  military  science  during  1866- 
69  in  the  West  Virginia  university;  and 
since  1885  has  been  professor  of  modern 
languages,  history  and  political  philoso 
phy,  and  political  science  in  the  De  Pauw 
university  of  Greencastle,  Ind.  ne  has 
written  and  lectured  extensively  on  eco 
nomic,  political  and  social  subjects;  #nd 
is  the  author  of  Syllabuses  on  Constitu 
tional  History;  Economics  and  Banking; 
Sociology  and  Its  Applications;  Social 
ism  and  Social  Reform;  and  other  works. 

WEAVER,  JONATHAN,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  23,  1824,  in  Carroll  county, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  clergyman  of  Ohio,  bishop 
of  the  church  of  the  United  Brethren;  and 
the  author  of  Discourses  on  the  Resurrec 
tion;  Ministerial  Salary;  Divine  Provi 
dence;  and  Universal  Restoration  not 
Sustained  by  the  Word  of  God. 

WEAVER,  RUFUS  B.,  physician,  edu 
cator,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1841,  in  Gettys 
burg,  Pa.  He  is  lecturer  on  surgical  ana 
tomy,  and  demonstrator  of  anatomy  in 
Hahnemann  Medical  college  of  Philadel 
phia. 

WEAVER,  WALTER  L..  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  1,  1851.  in 
Montgomery  county,  Ohio.  He  was  elect 
ed  prosecuting  attorney  for  Clarke  county, 
Ohio,  in  1874,  and  again  elected  to  the 
same  office  in  1880,  1882,  and  1885.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

WEAVER,  WILL  J.,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  24,  1856,  in  Mill  Hall,  Pa. 
He  was  editor  of  The  Normal  Gazette; 
and  the  author  of  numerous  poems. 

WEBB,  ALEXANDER  STEWART,  sol 
dier,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  15,  1835,  in  New  York  city.  He  is 
president  of  the  college  of  the  city  of 
New  York  from  1869,  and  during  the  civil 
war  a  general  in  the  federal  army.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Peninsula;  and  Mc- 
Clellan's  Campaign  of  1862. 

WEBB,  CHARLES,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1724,  in  Stam 
ford,  Conn.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Connecticut  legislature  in  1758,  and  was 
rechosen  twenty-three  times.  He  died 
after  1794. 

WEBB,  CHARLES  HENRY— John  Paul 
— journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  24, 
1834,  in  Rouse's  Point,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  jour 
nalist  now  living  at  Nantucket  very  popu 
lar  as  a  humorist  in  the  earlier  part  of  his 
career.  He  is  the  author  of  LifBth  Lank; 


St.  Twel'mo';  John  Paul's  Book;  Parodies- 
in  Prose  and  Verse;  and  Vagrom  Verse. 
WEBB.  MRS.  FRANCES  ISABEL- 
[CARRIE],  journalist,  author,  was  born 
in  1857  in  New  Jersey.  She  was  a  maga- 
zinist  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  A  Tiff  with  the  Tiffins;  Gala  Day 
Books;  and  A  Breath  of  Suspicion.  She 
died  in  1895. 

WEBB,  GEORGE  FRANKLIN,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Jan. 
8,  1818,  near  Liberty,  Miss.  In  1840  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  practiced  in 
the  place  of  his  nativity  until  the  civil 
war,  when  he  was  commissioned  as  ma 
jor  commissary,  which  office  he  held  un 
til  the  close  of  the  war.  After  the  war 
he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Mississippi 
state  legislature,  and  served  two  sessions- 
with  distinction.  He  has  frequently  pre 
sided  as  circuit  judge  under  special  ap 
pointments;  and  has  attained  prominence 
as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Missis 
sippi.  For  several  years  he  was  engaged 
in  journalism;  has  given  much  attention 
to  literary  work;  and  is  the  author  of  nu 
merous  essays,  addresses,  and  articles  in 
current  literature. 

WEBB,  HENRY  LIVINGSTON,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1795,  in 
Claverack,  N.  Y.  He  settled  in  southern 
Illinois  in  1817,  and  was  repeatedly  a 
member  of  both  houses  of  the  legislature. 
He  was  general  of  the  Illinois  militia. 
He  died  Oct.  5,  1876,  in  Makanda,  111. 

WEBB,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  author,  was  born  in  1792  in 
Georgia.  He  was  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Georgia.  He  was  United  States 
district  judge  in  the  territory  of  Florida. 
He  resigned  and  moved  to  Texas  in  1839; 
and  was  attorney-general  of  the  state  and 
secretary  of  state.  He  served  one  term  in 
the  senate;  and  after  Texas  became  a 
state  was  reporter  of  the  decisions  of  the 
supreme*  court  of  the  state;  secretary  of 
state,  and  judge  of  the  fourteenth  judicial 
district,  which  position  he  held  at  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  was  the  author  of 
Reports  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Texas 
irom  1846  to  1848.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1856,. 
in  Goliad,  Tex. 

WEBB,  JAMES  WATSON,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1802,  in 
Claverack,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the  army 

. as  second  lieutenant 

t-^d  in  1819;  was  made 
first  lieutenant  in 
1823,  and  resigned  in 
1827  and  took  charge 
of  the  New  York 
Courier,  which  was. 
united  to  the  En 
quirer,  under  the 
name  of  Morning 
Courier  and  New- 
York  Enquirer.  He 
became  sole  editor, 
and  in  1830  sole  pro 
prietor.  In  1861  he  was  minister  to  Bra 
zil;  while  in  this  position  secured  the  set 
tlement  of  long-standing  claims  against 
Brazil,  and  was  instrumental,  through  his 
intimacy  with  Napoleon  III.,  in  procuring 
the  withdrawal  of  the  French  from  Mexi 
co.  He  was  the  author  of  Altowan,  or  Life 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains;  and  Slavery  and 
its  Tendencies.  He  died  June  7,  1884,  in 
Claverack,  N.  Y. 

WEBB,  JOHN  RUSSELL,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1824,  in  Brown- 
ville',  N.  Y.  He  published  John's  First 
Book;  and  Webb's  Word  Method, in  which 
he  expounded  his  system  of  instruction; 
besides  a  series  of  readers  embodying  the 
method.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1887,  in  Benton 
Harbor,  Mich. 


988 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WEBB,  JONATHAN  NELSON,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1811,  in  Brown- 
ville,  N.  Y.  For  sixty-three  years  he  was 
actively  engaged  as 
a  baptist  clergyman, 
and  filled  pastorates 
in  various  states  and 
territories.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
at  the  Madison  uni 
versity  of  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  the  same  in 
stitution  as  is  now 
known  as  the  Col 
gate  university.  He 

has    been    a    general 

missionary  and  dis 
trict  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Missionary  society  in  Nebraska 
and  Southwestern  Dakota;  and  for  fif 
teen  years  has  filled  pastorates  in  the 
baptist  denomination  of  Missouri. 

WEBB,  LINDLEY  M.,  lawyer,  legisla 
tor,  w^s  born  March  7,  1849,  in  Windham, 
Maine.  He  has  filled  several  important 
offices  in  the  city  government  of  Port 
land,  Maine,  and  has  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Maine  house  of  representatives. 

WEBB,  NATHAN,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  was  born  May  7,  1825,  in  Port 
land,  Maine.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  Maine  state  legislature  in  1864  and 
18G5.  He  was  elected  county  attorney  of 
Cumberland  county  in  1865;  and  re- 
elected  in  1868.  In  1870  he  resigned  the 
county  attorneyship  to  accept  the  ap 
pointment  of  United  States  district  attor 
ney  for  Maine;  and  was  reappointed  in 
1874,  and  again  in  1878.  In  1882  he  was 
appointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  district  of  Maine. 

WEBB,  SAMUEL  BLATCHLEY,  pa 
triot,  soldier,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1753,  in 
Wethersfield,  Conn.  He  held  the  Bible 
for  Washington  when  he  took  his  oath 
as  first  president  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  Dec.  3,  1807,  in  Clavera«k,  N.  Y. 

WEBB,  THOMAS  SMITH,  Masonic  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  30.  1771,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1797  as  appears  from  the  copy 
right  he  published  The  Freemason's  Mon 
itor,  or  Illustrations  of  Masonry,  and  thus 
secured  for  himself  fame  as  a  Masonic 
ritualist  and  author.  He  died  July  8,  1819, 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WEBB.  WILLIAM  BENNING,  soldier, 
lawyer,  banker,  cabinet  officer,  was  born 
Sept.  17,  1825,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  In 
1861  he  joined  a  company  of  volunteers, 
and  was  elected  captain.  In  1861,  upon 
the  formation  of  the  metropolitan  police 
force  in  Washington,  he  was  elected  su 
perintendent  of  the  force.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  commissioners  of 
the  District  of  Columbia;  and  in  1886 
was  elected  president  of  the  board  of  com 
missioners. 

WEBB,  WILLIAM  STEWARD,  presi 
dent  of  the  Wagner  Palace  Car  company, 
was  born  Jan.  31,  1851,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  doing  well  at 
the  Stock  exchange 
when,  in  1883,  at  the 
request  of  William 
H.  Vanderbilt.  his 
father-in-law,  he  re 
tired  from  Wall 
street  to  accept  the 
presidency  of  the 
Wagner  Palace  Car 
company.  This  cor 
poration  needed  an 
energetic  head,  and 
he  took  hold  of  its 
affairs  with  great  earnestness,  improved 
its  rolling  stock,  extended  its  territory, 
and  largely  increased  its  earnings.  He 
is  yet  its  president  and  maintains  the  com 


pany  in  a  highly  prosperous  condition. 
He  is  also  president  of  the  Adirondack 
and  St.  Lawrence  Railway  company;  and 
built  two  hundred  and  thirty-three  miles 
of  track  in  the  northern  part  of  this  state. 

WEBB,  WILLIS  S.,  banker,  was  born 
Nov.  10,  1819,  in  Clarke  county,  Ind.  In 
1863  he  was  elected  president  of  the  First 
National  bank  of  Franklin,  Ind.,  being 
the  principal  stockholder,  and  served  as 
such  for  six  years. 

WEBBER,  CHARLES  WILKINS,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  May  29,  1819,  in 
Russellville,  Ky.  He  was  a  journalist  and 
traveler  who  was  killed  in  Walker's  ex 
pedition  in  Nicaragua.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Hunter-Naturalist;  Tales  of  the 
Southern  Border;  Old  Hicks  the  Guide; 
Gold  Mines  of  the  Gila;  Shot  in  the  Eye; 
Adventures  with  Texas  Rifle  Rangers; 
Wild  Scenes  and  Song  Birds;  History  of 
Mystery;  Spiritual  Vampirism;  Texan 
Virago;  Wild  Girl  of  Nebraska;  and  Ro 
mance  of  Natural  History.  He  died  April 
11,  1856,  in  Central  America. 

WEBBER,  GEORGE  W.,  business  man, 
congressman,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1825,  in 
Newburg,  Vt.  He  removed  to  Michigan. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Second 
National  bank  of  Ionia;  and  for  two 
terms  was  mayor  of  that  city.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Michigan  to 
the  forty-seventh  congress  as  a  republi 
can. 

WEBBER,  MILTON  MATHIAS  NAPO 
LEON,  merchant,  writer,  was  born  July 
27,  1847,  in  Wells  county,  Ind.  He  was 
drafted  into  the 
United  States  federal 
army,  but  was  re 
leased  on  account  of 
his  age.  In  1866  he 
was  government  es 
cort  at  Atchison, 
Kan.,  to  guard  the 
United  States  mail 
through  Denver  to 
Fort  Benton,  a  dis 
tance  of  two  thou 
sand  three  hundred 
miles,  and  was  sub 
sequently  engaged  in  the  same  capacity 
on  other  routes.  In  1878  he  only  lacked  a 
few  votes  of  receiving  the  democratic 
nomination  for  state  senator  from  Allen 
county,  Ind.  He  is  prominently  identified 
with  various  fraternal  orders;  and  has 
been  a  charter  member  and  active  in  the 
formation  of  various  societies.  He  has 
attained  success  in  mercantile  pursuits; 
has  written  extensively  for  the  periodical 
press;  and  acted  as  commercial  corres 
pondent  for  the  metropolitan  press. 

WEBBER,  SAMUEL,  educator,  college 
president,  author,  was  born  in  1759  in 
Byfield,  Mass.  He  was  an  educator  of 
Cambridge,  professor  of  mathematics  in 
Harvard  university  in  1789-1806,  and  pres 
ident  of  the  same  in  1806-10.  He  publish 
ed  a  System  of  Mathematics  that  was  for 
a  long  time  the  only  text-book  on  that 
subject  in  use  in  New  England  colleges. 
He  died  July  17,  1810,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WEBBER.  SAMUEL,  physician,  poet, 
was  born  Sept.  15,  1797,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  was  a  physician  of  Charlestown, 
N.  H.;  and  the  author  of  Zogan,  an  In 
dian  Tale,  in  Verse;  and  War,  a  Poem. 
He  died  Dec.  5,  1880,  in  Charlestown 
N.  H. 

WEBBER,  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  railroad 
president,  was  born  July  19,  1825,  in  Og- 
den,  N.  Y.  Since  1881  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Saginaw,  Tuscola  and  Huron 
railroad  at  Saginaw,  Mich. 


WEBER,  CHARLES  MARIE,  pioneer, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1814,  in 
Bavaria.  He  was  the  founder  of  Stock 
ton,  Cal.,  and  has  done  much  toward  the 
improvement  of  that  city.  He  died  May 
4,  1881,  in  Stockton,  Cal. 

WEBER,  GUSTAV  C.  E.,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  May  26,  1828,  in  Ger 
many.  During  1856-63  he  was  professor 
of  surgery  in  the  Cleveland  Medical  col 
lege;  and  in  1861  was  surgeon-general  of 
the  state.  During  the  civil  war  he  at 
tained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers.  In  1870-72  he  was  assessor  of 
internal  revenue  of  New  York;  and  was 
then  made  collector  till  1883. 

WEBER,  JOHN  B.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1842,  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  He  was  deputy  postmaster  at  Buf 
falo  for  three  years;  and  in  1873  was 
elected  sheriff  of  Erie  county.  In  1884  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

WEBSTER,  ALBERT  FALVEY,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1848  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  magazinist  of  New 
York  city,  the  best  of  whose  short  stories 
are  Little  Majesty;  An  Operation  in 
Money;  and  Miss  Eunice's  Glove.  He 
died  Dec.  27,  1876,  at  sea. 

WEBSTER,  DANIEL,  statesman,  was 
born  Jan.  18,  1792,  in  Salisbury,  now 
Franklin,  N.  H.  He  graduated  from 

Dartmouth       college 

in  1801  with  great 
honor.  He  then 
taught  school;  be 
came  a  lawyer  in 
1805;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  congress  in 
1812.  For  six  years 
from  1816  he  won 
distinction  in  his 
profession.  He  was 
re-elected  to  con 
gress  in  1822;  was 
United  States  sena 
tor  from  1827  to  1841;  and  was  secretary 
of  state  under  Harrison.  He  was  United 
States  senator  again  from  1845  to  1852; 
and  then  secretary  of  state  under  Fill- 
more.  He  was  a  master  of  English  style, 
the  best  of  his  orations  on  especial  occa 
sions  being  those  delivered  at  the  second 
Pilgrim  centennial  in  1820,  on  the  laying 
of  the  corner-stone  of  Bunker  Hill  monu 
ment  in  1825,  and  the  eulogy  of  Adams 
and  Jefferson  in  1826.  He  died  Oct.  24, 
1852,  in  Mansfield,  Mass. 

WEBSTER,  MRS.  E.  H.,  poet,  was 
born  in  1822.  She  is  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  of  poetry  and  prose  entitled  Clover 
Blossoms. 

WEBSTER,  EDWIN  H.,  soldier,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  March  31, 
1829,  in  Hartford  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
ir.ember  of  the  Maryland  senate  from  1855 
to  1859.  serving  two  years  as  the  presi 
dent  of  that  body.  In  1856  he  was  chosen 
a  presidential  elector.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  Maryland  to  the  thirty- 
trixth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-set enth  congress.  For  a  time  he 
rendered  the  state  some  service  in  a  mili 
tary  capacity,  and  was  colonel  of  a  Mary 
land  regiment.  In  1863  he  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-eighth  congress;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  In 
1865  he  was  appointed  collector  of  cus 
toms  for  the  port  of  Baltimore. 

WEBSTER,  EZEKIEL,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  1739  in  Kingston, 
N.  H.  From  1791  to  1806  he  was  a  judge 
of  the  New  Hampshire  court  of  common 
pleas.  He  died  in  1806  in  Salisbury,  N.  H. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WEBSTER,  EZEKIEL,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  March  11,  1780,  in 
Salisbury,  N.  H.  He  was  a  member  for 
several  years  of  the  New  Hampshire  leg 
islature.  He  died  April  10,  1820,  in  Con 
cord,  N.  H. 

WEBSTER,  FLETCHER,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  author,  was  born 
July  23,  1813,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He 
was  private  secretary  to  his  father  during 
part  of  the  latter's  service  as  secretary 
of  state;  secretary  of  legation  in  China 
under  Caleb  Gushing  in  1843;  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1847;  and 
from  1850  till  1861  surveyor  of  the  port  of 
Boston.  He  died  Aug.  30,  1862,  near  Bull 
Run,  Va. 

WEBSTER,  HARRISON  EDWIN,  sol 
dier,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  Sept.  8,  1842,  in  Angelica,  N.  Y.  He 
accepted  the  professorship  of  geology  and 
natural  history  at  the  university  of  Roch 
ester,  where  he  remained  until  1888,  when 
he  was  elected  president  of  Union  college. 
He  has  written  several  pamphlets  on  nat 
ural  history  subjects,  especially  on  ma 
rine  forms. 

WEBSTER,  HORACE,  educator,  was 
born  Sept.  21,  1794,  in  Hartford,  Vt.  In 
1848  he  became  principal  of  the  Free  acad 
emy  in  New  York  city.  Here  he  held  the 
chair  of  moral  and  intellectual  philosophy 
from  1851,  and  in  1852  that  of  political 
philosophy  was  added.  In  1866  the  name 
of  the  academy  was  changed  by  law  to 
The  College  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
and  he  continued  at  its  head  till  1869, 
after  which  he  was  emeritus  professor  till 
his  death.  He  died  July  12,  1871,  in  Ge 
neva,  N.  Y. 

WEBSTER,  JOHN  R.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1860,  in  Rutledge,  Tenn.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  university  of 
Tennessee;  and  has  become  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  the  west  at  Boise 
City,  Idaho.  Prior  to  his  moving  to  Ida 
ho  he  practiced  his  profession  in  Kansas, 
and  during  1887-91  was  clerk  of  Morton 
county. 

WEBSTER,  JOHN  WHITE,  educator, 
chemist,  author,  was  born  May  20,  1793, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  chemist  who 
was  professor  at  Harvard  university  in 
1824-50,  and  was  tried  and  executed  in 
1850  for  the  murder  of  Dr.  Parkman.  He 
was  the  author  of  Description  of  the  Is 
land  of  St.  Michael;  and  Manual  of  Chem 
istry.  He  died  Aug.  30,  1850,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

WEBSTER,  NATHAN  BURNHAM,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  June  13,  1821,  in 
Unity,  N.  H.  He  is  an  educator  of  Nor 
folk,  Va.;  and  the  author  of  Outlines  of 
Chemistry. 

WEBSTER,  NOAH,  lexicographer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1758,  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  was  a  famous  lexicographer, 
best  known  by  his  Spelling  Book  and  his 
American  Dictionary  of  the  English  Lan 
guage.  Among  his  other  works  are  in 
cluded  A  Philosophical  and  Practical 
Grammar  of  the  English  Language;  The 
Prompter,  or  Common  Sayings  and  Sub 
jects;  Rights  of  Neutrals;  Dissertations 
on  the  English  Language;  and  A  Com 
pendious  Dictionary  of  the  English  Lan 
guage  (1806).  He  died  May  28,  1843,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

WEBSTER,  PELATIAH,  economist, 
author,  was  born  in  1725  in  Lebanon, 
Conn.  He  was  a  once  famous  political 
economist  of  Philadelphia;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Essays  on  Free  Trade  and  Fi 
nance;  Essay  on  Credit;  and  Political 
Essay  on  the  Nature  and  Operation  of 
Money.  He  died  in  September,  1795,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


WEBSTER,  PRENTISS,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  May  24,  1851,  in  Lowell,  Mass. 
He  has  been  United  States  consul  to  Ger 
many;  and  is  the  author  of  Law  of  Citi 
zenship  in  the  United  States;  and  Law 
of  Naturalization  in  the  United  States, 
and  of  Other  Countries. 

WEBSTER,  RICHARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  14,  1811,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman, 
pastor  at  Mauch  Chunk  in  1835-56;  and 
the  author  of  History  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  America  till  1760.  He  died  June 
19,  1856,  in  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa. 

WEBSTER,  TAYLOR,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  settled  in 
Ohio;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1833  to  1839. 

WEBSTER,  WARREN,  physician,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  March  7,  1S35,  in 
Gilmanton,  N.  H.  He  was  an  army  sur 
geon  during  the  civil  war;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Army  Medical  Staff;  and 
Sympathetic  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  from 
the  German  of  Mauthner. 

WEBSTER,  WILLIAM  PRENTISS,  sol 
dier,  jurist,  "was  born  June  9,  1817,  in 
Newburyport,  Mass.  In  1869  he  was  ap 
pointed  consul-general  of  the  United 
States  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  Ger 
many;  and  subsequently  served  as  judge. 
He  died  Feb.  27,  1877,  in  Lowell,  Mass. 

WEDDERBURN,  ALEXANDER  JOHN, 
farmer,  journalist,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1849, 
in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  is  master  of  the 
Virginia  State  grange;  has  lectured  ex 
tensively  on  various  topics;  and  was 
special  agent  of  the  department  of  agri 
culture  for  investigating  food  adultera 
tions;  and  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the 
Weekly  National  Intelligencer,  and  The 
National  Farm  and  Fireside  of  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

WEED,  ANNIE  W.,  lecturer,  author, 
poet,  was  born  June  18,  1833,  in  Canada. 
She  is  a  successful  lecturer  of  Rose,  N. 
Y.;  and  the  author  of  Isidore;  and  The 
Pathway  to  the  Rifted  Rock. 

WEED,  CLARENCE  MOORES,  educa 
tor,  author,  was  born  in  1864  in  Ohio.  He 
is  a  professor  of  zoology  and  entomology 
at  the  New  Hampshire  College  of  Agri 
culture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts,  Durham, 
N.  H.  He  is  the  author  of  Ten  New  Eng 
land  Blossoms  and  their  Insect  Visitors; 
Insects  and  Insecticides;  Fungi  and  Fun 
gicides;  and  Spraying  Crops. 

WEED,  EDWIN  GARDNER,  bishop  of 
Florida,  was  born  July  23,  1847,  in  Sa 
vannah,  Ga.  He  was  consecrated  third 
bishop  of  Florida  in  St.  John's  church, 
Jacksonville,  Fla.,  on  Aug.  11,  1886. 

WEED,  ELBERT  D.,  lawyer,  was  born 
Dec.  1,  1858,  in  Allegheny  county,  N.  Y. 
In  1880  he  graduated  from  the  Lawrence 
university  of  Appleton,  Wis. ;  and  subse 
quently  from  the  Wisconsin  State  Law 
school  of  Madison.  He  has  attained  prom 
inence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of 
Montana  at  Helena;  was  assistant  United 
States  district  attorney,  district  of  Mon 
tana,  in  1884-85;  was  United  States,  dis 
trict  attorney  during  1889-94;  and  in 
1894-95  was  mayor  of  the  city  of  Helena. 

WEED,  EMILY  STUART,  poet,  was 
born  in  Greenwich,  Conn.  Her  collection 
of  poems  entitled  Twilight  Echoes  con 
tains  many  fine  gems.  She  is  of  English 
parentage,  and  lineally  descended  from 
John  Adams,  second  president  of  the 
United  States. 

WEED,  SMITH  MEAD,  lawyer,  finan 
cier,  state  senator,  was  born  July  26,  1833, 
in  Belmont,  N.  Y.  His  connection  with 
what  are  now  known  as  the  Chateaugay 
Iron  mines  in  northern  New  York,  dates 
from  1867.  In  1865  he  took  his  seat  in 


the  New  York  state  assembly.  By  suc 
cessive  re-elections  he  served  in  the  as 
sembly  during  1866,  1867,  1871,  18V2,  and 
1873. 

WEED,  STEPHEN  HINSDALE,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  1834  in  New  York  city. 
He  served  in  the  Seminole,  Mexican  and 
civil  wars,  and  in  1863  was  made  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers.  He  died  July 
2,  1863,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  from  a  wound 
received  while  holding  a  position  on  Lit 
tle  Round  Top,  which  is  now  historically 
marked  as  Weed's  Hill. 

WEED,  THURLOW,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  15,  1797,  in  Cairo,  N.  Y. 
His  first  effort  in  journalism,  the  great 
work  of  Ills  life,  \viis 
!'  to  establish  a  paper 
called  the  Agricul 
turist,  after  which  he 
edited  various  news 
papers,  until  in  1830 
he  became  editor  of 
the  Albany  Evening 
Journal,  which  posi- 
tion  he  occupied  un- 
til  1865,  and  acquired 
great  distinction  and 
influence  as  a  party 
manager  for  the 
whigs  and  republicans.  Being  the  father 
of  so  many  newspapers  he  is  sometimes 
called  The  Priam  of  the  Press.  He  was 
the  author  of  Letters'* from  Europe;  and 
Autobiography.  He  died  Nov.  22,  1882,  in 
New  York  city. 

WEEDEN,  WILLIAM  BABCOCK,  sol 
dier,  manufacturer,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  1,  1834,  in  Bristol,  R.  I.  He  served 
as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil  war. 
He  is  president  of  the  Providence  board 
of  trade  in  Rhode  Island.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Morality  of  Prohibitory  Li 
quor  Laws;  Social  Law  of  Labor;  and 
The  Economic  and  Social  History  of  New 
England. 

WEEDON,  GEORGE,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1730  in  Fredericksburg,  Va.  He 
was  commissioned  brigadier-general  in 
1777,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  the 
Brandywine  and  Germantown.  He  died 
in  1790  in  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

WEEKS,  EDGAR,  soldier,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1839,  in  Mount  Cle 
mens,  Mich.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city. 
In  1861  he  entered  the  military  service 
as  first  sergeant  of  company  B,  fifth  regi 
ment  Michigan  infantry;  was  promoted 
in  1862  to  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  of 
the  twenty-second  regiment  Michigan  in 
fantry;  and  subsequently  became  captain 
of  company  F  in  the  same  regiment.  He 
also  served  as  assistant  inspector-general 
of  the  third  brigade,  second  division  re 
serve  corps,  army  of  the  Cumberland. 
Since  1866  he  has  practiced  law  in  Mount 
Clemens,  Mich.  During  1867-70  he  was 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Macomb  county; 
and  during  1875-76  was  judge  of  probate. 

WEEKS,  EDWIN  LORD,  artist,  author, 
was  born  in  1849  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is 
an  artist  of  note;  and  the  author  of  From 
the  Black  Sea  through  Persia  and  India. 

WEEKS,  JOHN  M.,  inventor,  author, 
was  born  May  22,  1788,  in  Litchfield,Conn. 
He  was  an  inventor  of  Salisbury,  Vt. ;  and 
the  author  of  Manual  on  Bees;  and  His 
tory  of  Salisbury.  He  died  Sept.  1,  1858, 
in  Salisbury,  Vt. 

WEEKS,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
senator,  congressman.  He  was  a  county 
sheriff  in  New  Hampshire  from  1820  to 
1825.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1827  and 
1828;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1829  to 
1833.  He  was  judge  of  probate  in  Coos 
county  in  1854. 


•990 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WEEKS,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1835  to  1839,  having 
pre\  iously  been  for  two  years  judge  of 
the  county  court  for  Cheshire  county. 

WEEKS,  LEROY  TITUS,  educator, 
college  president,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  1, 
1854,  in  Mount  Vernon,  Iowa.  In  1893  he 
became  president  of  the  Little  Rock  uni 
versity  of  Arkansas;  and  is  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  poems. 

WEEKS,  ROBERT  KELLEY,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1840,  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  verse-writer 
of  New  York  city  whose  poems  are  not 
without  individuality  and  a  very  measu 
rable  degree  of  charm.  He  was  the  author 
-of  Twenty  Poems;  and  Episodes  and  Ly 
ric  Pieces.  He  died  April  13,  1876,  in  New 
York  city. 

WEEKS,  STEPHEN  BEAUREGARD, 
author,  was  born  in  1865  in  North  Caro 
lina.  He  is  an  historical  writer;  and  the 
author  of  Bibliography  of  the  Historical 
Literature  of  North  Carolina;  Church  and 
State  in  North  Carolina;  The  Press  of 
North  Carolina  in  the  Eighteenth  Cen 
tury;  and  Southern  Quakers  and  Slavery. 

WEEKS,  THOMAS  EDWIN,  dental  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  May  5,  1853,  in 
Massillon,  Ohio.  In  1892  he  filled  the 
chair  of  dental  anatomy  and  operative 
technics  in  the  university  of  Minnesota. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled 
Weeks's  Manual  of  Operative  Technics. 

WEEKS,  WILLIAM  RAYMOND,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1783, 
in  Brooklyn,  Conn.  He  was  a  presbyte- 
rian  clergyman  of  Newark,  N.  J.;  and 
the  author  of  Nine  Sermons;  Pilgrim's 
Progress  in  the  Nineteenth  Century;  and 
Scripture  Catechism.  He  died  June  27, 
1848,  in  Oneida,  N.  Y. 

WEEMS,  JOHN  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Calvert  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Maryland 
from  1826  to  1829. 

WEEMS,  MASON  LOCKE,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  about  1760  in  Dum 
fries,  Va.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man,  famous  as  a  book  agent  in  his  day, 
but  at  one  time  rector  of  Pohick  church. 
Mount  Vernon,  where  Washington  attend 
ed.  His  Life  of  Washington,  which  as 
early  as  1811  had  reached  an  eleventh  edi 
tion,  is  still  the  most  popular  life  of  its 
subject,  as  from  some  points  of  view  it  is 
the  most  entertaining.  He  wrote  also 
Lives  of  Marion,  Penn,  and  Franklin.  He 
•  died  May  23,  1825,  in  Beaufort,  S.  C. 

WEIDENMEYER,  JOHN  WILLIAM. 
He  was  a  writer  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  Catalogue  of  North  Ameri 
can  Butterflies;  Real  and  Ideal,  a  volume 
of  verse;  Themes  and  Translations: 
American  Fish  and  How  to  Catch  Them; 
and  From  Alpha  to  Omega.  He  died  in 
1896. 

WEIDNER,  REVERE  FRANKLIN, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1851, 
in  Centre  Valley,  Pa.  He  is  a  lutheran 
clergyman,  professor  of  systematic  theol 
ogy  at  Augustana  seminary,  Rock  Island, 
in  1885-91,  and  subsequently  at  the  Lu 
theran  seminary  of  Chicago.  He  is  the 
author  of  Commentary  on  Mark;  Exege- 
tical  Theology;  Historical  Theology;  Sys 
tem  of  Dogmatic  Theology;  Grammar  of 
New  Testament  Greek;  Commentary  on 
the  Hebrew  Text  of  Obadiah;  and  Method 
for  Study  of  New  Testament  Greek. 

WEIGHTMAN,     RICHARD     HANSON. 

soldier,   congressman,  was   born   in   1818, 

in  Maryland.     He  was   a  captain   in   the 

Missouri   battalion   of  light  artillery  vol- 

nmteers   in  the   Mexican   war  and  distin 


guished  himself  under  Colonel  Donophan 
in -the  battle  of  Sacramento;  and  subse 
quently  held  the  position  of  additional 
paymaster.  He  was  a  delegate  to  congress 
from  New  Mexico  from  1851  to  1853.  He 
died  Aug.  10,  1861,  near  Wilson's  Creek, 
Mo. 

WEIGHTMAN,  ROGER  C.,  librarian, 
was  born  in  1786  in  Alexandria,  Va.  He 
was  mayor  of  Washington  in  1824-27;  be 
came  cashier  of  the  Washington  bank, 
and  was  for  many  years  librarian  of  the 
patent  office.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1876,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

WEIR,  ALLEN,  lawyer,  legislator,  ju 
rist,  was  born  April  24,  1854,  in  Los  An 
geles  county,  Cal.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools  of  California 
and  Washington  territory,  and  finished  at 
the  Olympia  Collegiate  institute.  He  has 
been  municipal  judge  of  Port  Townsend, 
Wash.;  United  States  commissioner;  and 
secretary  of  the  board  of  trade  of  that 
city;  and  a  member  and  chairman  of  the 
Puget  Sound  board  of  health.  For  twelve 
years  he  was  the  editor  anu  owner  of  the 
Puget  Sound  Argus,  a  prominent  daily 
and  weekly  newspaper.  He  has  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  upper 
house  of  the  Washington  territorial  leg 
islature;  was  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  state  convention  in  1889;  and  dur 
ing  1889-93  was  the  first  secretary  of 
state.  In  1892  he  was  acting  governor  for 
the  state  of  Washington  at  the  dedication 
of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition 
buildings  at  Chicago.  This  eminent  law 
yer  practices  in  all  state  and  federal 
courts,  and  resides  in  Olympia. 

WEIR,  JAMES,  lawyer,  banker,  author, 
was  born  June  16,  1821, .in  Greenville,  Ky. 
He  has  been  a  lawyer  for  forty  years,  and 
a  banker  for  thirty  years.  He  is  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Owensboro  and  Nashville  rail- 
load;  and  president  of  the  Deposit  bank 
of  Owensboro,  Ky.  He  is  the  author  of 
three  novels  entitled  Long  Powers,  or  the 
Regulators;  Simon  Kenton;  and  Winter 
Lodge. 

WEIR,  JOHN  FERGUSON,  educator, 
artist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1841,  in 
West  Point,  N.  Y.  He  is  director  of  the 
school  of  Fine  Arts  at  Yale  university 
from  1869,  and  professor  of  painting  and 
design  there.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Way:  the  Nature  and  Means  of  Revela 
tion. 

WEIR,  JOSEPH  LATIMER,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  24,  1821,  in  White  House,  Tenn. 
His  poems  have  received  extensive  publi 
cation  in  the  periodical  press  of  the  south. 

WEIR,  JULIAN  ALDEN,  artist,  was 
born  Aug.  30,  1852,  in  West  Point,  N.  Y. 
Among  his  works  are  A  Brittany  Interior; 
Brittany  Peasant-Girl;  Study  of  an 
Old  Peasant;  Breton  Interior;  The  Muse 
of  Music;  Jenne  Fille;  and  The  Good  Sa 
maritan. 

WEIR,  ROBERT  WALTER,  artist,  was 
born  June  18,  1803,  in  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 
Among  his  well  known  paintings  is  The 
Embarkment  of  the  Pilgrims  in  the  ro 
tunda  of  the  eapitol  at  Washington.  He 
died  May  1,  1889,  in  New  York  city. 

WEISS,  GEORGE  MICHAEL,  clergy 
man,  author',  was  born  in  1697  in  Ger 
many.  From  about  1746  until  his  death 
he  preached  in  Old  Gosenhoppen  and 
Great  Swamp,  Pa.  He  published  An  Ac 
count  and  Instruction  relating  to  the  Col 
ony  and  Church  of  Pennsylvania,  made  up 
by  the  Deputies  of  the  Synod  of  South 
Holland;  a  pamphlet  concerning  his  ar 
rangements  with  the  classis  of  Amster 
dam  to  care  for  the  Germans  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  and  an  Account  of  the  Indians.  He 
died  in  1762  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


WEISS,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  June  28,  1818,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  very  radi 
cal  views  who  was  pastor  at  Watertown, 
Mass..  and  was  prominent  as  an  aboli 
tionist.  He  was  the  author  of  Wit,  Hu 
mor,  and  Shakespeare;  American  Relig 
ion;  The  Immortal  Life;  and  Life  of 
Theodore  Parker.  He  died  March  9,  1879, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

WEISS,  LEWIS,  lawyer,  jurist,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1717,  in  Prussia.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  German 
society  of  Philadelphia;  and  its  president 
in  1783-84.  He  was  commissioned  by  the 
executive  council  of  the  province  a  justice 
of  the  peace,  and  a  justice  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas.  He  ecmed  Collection  of 
the  Laws  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died  Oct. 
22,  1796,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WEISS,  MRS.  SUSAN  ARCHER  [TUL- 
LEY],  poet,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1835,  in 
Hanover  county,  Va.  She  is  a  poet  of 
New  York  city  whose  poems  were  first 
collected  in  1859. 

WEISSE,  FANEUIL  DUNKIN,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1842,  in 
Roxbury,  Mass.  In  1879  he  took  charge 
of  the  dissecting  room  of  the  University 
Medical  college,  which  position  he  still 
holds.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  Practical  Human  Anatomy. 

WEISSE,  JOHN  ADAM,  philologist, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1810,  in  France. 
He  was  a  philologist,  born  in  Lorraine, 
who  came  to  America  in  1840,  and  ten 
years  later  settled  in  New  York  city, 
where  he  was  president  of  the  New  York 
Philological  society.  He  was  the  author 
of  Key  to  the  French  Language;  Origin, 
Progress,  and  Destiny  of  the  English 
Language  and  Literature;  and  The  Obe 
lisk  and  Freemasonry.  He  died  Jan.  12, 
1888,  in  New  York  city. 

WEISSERT,  AUGUSTUS  G.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1844,  in  Canton, 
Ohio.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier  dur 
ing  the  civil  war  in  the  eighth  Wisconsin 
volunteer  infantry,  and  was  brevetted  cap 
tain  for  meritorious  conduct  on  the  field 
of  battle.  In  1888  he  was  department 
commander  of  the  Wisconsin  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic;  received  the  re-election 
a  second  time;  and  in  1892-93  was  com- 
mander-in-chief  of  that  body. 

WEITZEL,  GODFREY,  soldier,  was 
born  Nov.  1,  1835,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In 
1864  he  was  brevetted  major-general  of 
volunteers  for  meritorious  and  distin 
guished  services  during  the  civil  war.  He 
died  March  19,  1884,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WELBORN,  JOSEPH  F.,  banker,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1818,  in  Guilford 
county,  N.  C.  In  the  fall  of  1876  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  the  Indiana  state  legisla 
ture,  and  served  during  1877-78. 

WELBY,  MRS.  AMELIA  [COPPUCK], 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1819,  in  St. 
Michaels,  Md.  She  was  a  poet  of  Louis 
ville  whose  sentimental  lyrics  attained  an 
extraordinary  popularity  in  their  author's 
lifetime.  She  was  the  author  of  a  volume 
entitled  Poems  by  Amelia.  She  died  May 
3,  1852,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

WELCH,  ADONIJAH  STRONG,  lawyer, 
college  president.  United  States  senator, 
author,  was  born  April  12,  1821,  in  East 
Hampton,  Conn.  In  1865  he  moved  to 
Florida;  and  in  1868  was  elected  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  from  that  state  for  the 
term  ending  in  1869.  He  was  president  of 
Iowa  Agricultural  college  in  1869-83.  He 
was  the  author  of  Analysis  of  the  English 
Sentence;  Object  Lessons;  Talks  on  Psy 
chology;  and  The  Teacher's  Psychology. 
He  died  March  15,  1889,  in  Pasadena,  Cal. 


I 

HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


991 


WELCH,  FRANK,  eongressman.J  He 
•was  a  representative  from  Nebraska  to 
the  forty-fifth  congress. 

WELCH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  28, 
1805,  in  Harrison  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  Ohio  in 
184C  and  1847;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1851  to  1853.  He  was 
subsequently  one  of  the  trustees  of  the 
Ohio  university.  He  was  the  author  of 
Mathematical  Curiosities;  and  Index  Di 
gest  of  Ohio  Decisions. 

WELCH,  JOHNSON,  clergyman,  college 
president,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1809,  in  Har 
rison  county,  Ohio.  He  became  a  minister 
of  the  presbyterian  church,  adhering  to 
the  Scotch  or  seceding  party,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  was  president  of  Frank 
lin  college.  He  died  April  1,  1837,  in  Ath 
ens,  Ohio. 

WELCH,  MOSES  COOK,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1754,  in  Mans 
field,  Conn.  He  published  various  dis 
courses  and  pamphlets,  including  Eulogy 
on  Benjamin  Chaplin;  and  The  Addres 
ser  Addressed,  a  reply  to  Hon.  Zepha- 
niah  Swift.  He  died  April  21,  1824,  in 
Mansfield,  Conn. 

WELCH,  PHILIP  HENRY,  journalist, 
humorist,  author,  was  born  in  1849  in 
New  York.  He  was  a  journalist  and  hu 
morist  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  The  Tailor-Made  Girl;  and  Said  In 
Fun.  He  died  in  1S89. 

WELCH,  RANSOM  BETHUNE,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1825 
in  Greenfield,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyte 
rian  clergyman,  professor  of  Christian 
theology  at  Auburn  seminary;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Faith  and  Modern  Thought;  and 
Outlines  of  Christian  Theology.  He  died 
June  29,  1890,  in  Healing  Springs,  Va. 

WELCH,  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  Connecticut.  In  1853  he  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States  court  for  the  territory  of  Minne 
sota,  where  he  resided. 

WELCH,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  physi 
cian,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1850 
in  Connecticut.  He  is  a  Baltimore  physi 
cian,  professor  of  pathology  in  Johns 
Hopkins  university  from  1884;  and  the 
author  of  General  Pathology  of  Fever. 

WELCH,  WILLIAM  W.,  physician, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1818,  in 
Norfolk,  Conn.  He  was  twice  elected  to 
the  house  of  representatives,  and  twice 
to  the  senate  of  Connecticut.  He  was  a 
representative  from  that  state  during  the 
thirty-fourth  congress. 

WELCHER,  ADAIR,  author,  poet.  He 
is  a  writer  of  Berkeley,  Cal.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  a  work  entitled  Romer,  King  of 
Norway. 

WELD,  MRS.  ANGELINA  EMILY 
[GRIMKE],  author,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1805,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  She  was  the 
author  of  Letters  to  Catharine  Beecher, 
a  review  of  the  slavery  question;  Appeal 
to  the  Christian  Women  of  the  South; 
and  Sacred  Palmlands.  She  died  in  1879. 
WELD,  HORATIO  HASTINGS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1811,  in 
Boston.  Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Riverton,  N.  J.;  and  the  author 
of  Corrected  Proofs;  Life  of  Christ;  and 
Women  of  the  Scriptures.  He  died  Aug. 
27,  1888,  in  Riverton,  N.  J. 

WELD,  THEODORE  DWIGHT,  aboli 
tionist,  reformer,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
23,  4803,  in  Hampton,  Conn.  He  was  a 
reformer  of  Boston,  long  prominent  as  an 
abolitionist;  and  the  author  of  The  Bible 
Against  Slavery;  American  Slavery  As  It 
Is;  and  Slavery  and  the  Internal  Slave 
Trade  in  the  United  States.  He  died  in 
1895. 


WELDON,  LAWRENCE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1829  in  Muskingum  county,  Ohio.  In 
I860  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  Illinois  state  legislature,  and  was  also 
a  presidential  elector  on  the  republican 
ticket.  In  1861  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
legislature  to  accept  the  appointment  of 
United  States  attorney  for  the  southern 
district  of  Illinois.  He  resigned  in  1866, 
and  in  1867  moved  to  Bloomington.  111. 
In  1883  he  was  appointed  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  court  of  claims. 

WELKER,  MARTIN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  governor,  educator,  was 
born  April  25,  1819,  in  Knox  county,  Ohio. 
In  1851  he  was  elected  a  judge  of  the  com 
mon  pleas  for  the  sixth  district,  serving 
five  years.  In  1857  he  moved  to  Wooster, 
and  was  elected  lieutenant-go\ernor  of 
Ohio,  declining  a  renomination.  In  1861 
he  was  appointed  a  judge  advocate,  with 
the  rank  of  major;  and  was  soon  after 
wards  appointed  aide-de-camp  and  acting 
judge  advocate-general,  with  the  rank  of 
colonel,  under  the  governor  of  the  state. 
In  1862  he  was  an  assistant  adjutant-gen 
eral,  and  superintended  the  draft  of  the 
state.  In  1864  he  was  elected  a  represen 
tative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-ninth  con 
gress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth 
and  forty-first  congresses  as  a  republican, 
and  in  1873  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  the  northern  district  of  Ohio. 
He  afterward  became  professor  of  politi 
cal  science,  and  of  constitutional  and  in 
ternational  law  in  Wooster  university. 

WELLBORN,  MARSHALL  JOHNSON, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  29, 
1808,  in  Putnam  county,  Ga.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Georgia 
from  1849  to  1851.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1874, 
in  Columbus,  Ga. 

WELLBORN,  OLIN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  June  13,  1843,  in 
dimming,  Ga.  He  served  in  the  confed 
erate'  army  throughout  the  civil  war.  He 
moved  to  Dallas,  Tex.;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Texas  to  the  forty- 
sixth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  and  forty- 
ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

WELLER,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1790,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman 
once  prominent  in  Tennessee  and  Missis 
sippi;  and  was  the  author  of  Vindication 
of  the  Church;  and  The  Weller  Tracts. 
He  died  Nov.  9,  1841,  in  Raymond,  Miss. 

WELLER,  JOHN  B.,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  governor,  was 
born  in  1812  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1839 
to  1845;  and  was  the  first  United  States 
commissioner  to  Mexico.  Having  taken 
up  his  residence  in  California  he  was  in 
1851  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
for  six  years.  He  was  subsequently  elect 
ed  governor  of  California;  and  in  1860 
was  appointed  United  States  minister  to 
Mexico.  He  died  Aug.  7,  1875,  in  New  Or 
leans,  La. 

WELLER,  LUMAN  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1833,  in 
Litchfield  county,  Conn.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress. 

WELLER,  WALTER  SCOTT,  journal 
ist,  musician,  composer,  was  born  Dec.  1, 
1857,  in  LaPorte,  Ind.  He  is  a  noted 
musician  and  composer;  and  the  author 
of  Evening  Echoes;  Idylle;  and  Among 
the  Daisies.  He  has  edited  numerous  pub 
lications,  and  is  now  the  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  The  New  Church  Independent 
of  Chicago,  111. 


WELLES,  CHARLES  STUART,  physi 
cian,  author,  poet,  was  born  about  1860. 
He  has  published  Boheme;  Lilian;  and 
The  New  Marriage  and  Other  Uniform 
Laws. 

WELLES,  GIDEON,  journalist,  state 
legislator,  author,  was  born  July  1,  1802, 
in  Glastoubury,  Conn.  From  1827  to  1835 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Connecticut  leg 
islature;  and  was  subsequently  appointed 
comptroller  of  public  accounts.  From 
1836  to  1841  he  was  postmaster  of  Hart 
ford;  and  in  1842  was  made  comptroller 
of  the  state.  In  1846  he  took  charge  of 
a  bureau  in  the  na\  y  department,  where 
he  remained  until  1849.  In  1861  he  went 
into  President  Lincoln's  cabinet  as  secre 
tary  of  the  navy.  For  thirty  years  before 
becoming  secretary  he  was  an  occasional 
contributor  to  the  Hartford  Press,  the 
New  York  Evening  Post,  and  the  Wash 
ington  Globe  and  Union;  and  was  the 
author  of  Lincoln  and  Seward.  He  died 
Feb.  11,  1878,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

WELLES,  NOAH,  clergyman,  was  born 
Sept.  25,  1718,  in  Colchester,  Conn.  He 
was  a  tutor  at  Yale  in  1745-46,  and  in  the 
latter  year  received  a  call  to  Stamford, 
where  he  remained  until  the  day  of  his 
death,  the  thirtieth  anniversary  of  his  or 
dination.  He  published  The  Real  Advan 
tages  which  Ministers  and  People  may 
Enjoy,  especially  in  the  Colonies,  by  con 
forming  to  the  Church  of  England;  The 
Divine  Right  of  Presbyterian  Ordination 
Asserted;  Patriotism  Described  and  Re 
commended,  the  annual  election  sermon; 
and  Vindication  of  the  Validity  and  Di 
vine  Right  of  Presbyterian  Ordination.  He 
died  Dec.  31,  1776,  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

WELLES,  THOMAS,  governor,  was 
born  in  1598  in  England.  In  1655  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Connecticut,  but  after 
two  years  he  returned  to  the  office  of 
deputy  governor.  He  was  chosen  govern 
or  for  a  second  time  in  1658,  and  in  1659 
again  held  the  office  of  deputy  governor. 
He  died  Jan.  14,  1660,  in  Wethersfield, 
Conn. 

WELLING,  JAMES  CLARKE,  educator, 
was  born  July  14,  1825,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 
In  1884  he  was  appointed  a  regent  of  the 
Smithsonian  institution,  and  soon  after 
ward  he  was  elected  chairman  of  its  exe 
cutive  committee.  He  is  president  of  the 
Copyright  league  of  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia. 

WELLINGTON,  ARTHUR  MELLEN, 
civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20, 
1847,  in  Waltham,  Mass.  He  was  a  civil 
engineer  of  distinction;  and  the  author 
of  The  Computation  of  Earthwork  from 
Diagrams;  The  Economic  Theory  of  the 
Location  of  Railways;  Car-Builders'  Dic 
tionary;  and  Field  Work  of  Railway  Lo 
cation.  He  died  in  1895. 

WELLINGTON,  GEORGE  L.,  congress 
man,    United    States    senator,    was    born 
Jan.    28,    1852,    in   Cumberland,    Md.     He 
^^^^^^^^^^    was  appointed  treas- 
i    urer      of      Allegany 
'.    county,  Md.,  in  1882, 
and      served      until 
1888;    and  was  again 
*    appointed      in     1890. 
He  was  a  delegate  to 
the    national    repub 
lican  conventions   of 
1884    and    1888.      He 
was  appointed  assis 
tant  treasurer  of  the 
United  States  at  Bal 
timore  in   1890;     and 
was  nominated  for  congress  by  the  repub 
licans  of  the  sixth  congressional  district 
in  1892.    He  was  renominated  in  1894  and 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress;    and 
was  elected   to  the  United  States  senate. 


v 


992 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WELLS,  ALFRED,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  27,  1814,  in  Dags- 
borough,  Del.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the  thir 
ty-sixth  congress;  and  also  held  the  posi 
tions  of  deputy  clerk,  district  attorney, 
and  judge  of  Tompkins  county.  He  died 
in  1857. 

WELLS,  BEN  H.,  lawyer,  state  senator, 
was  born  Sept.  21,  1860,  in  Hines  county, 
Miss.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Jack 
son,  Miss.;  was  a  member  of  the  Missis 
sippi  house  of  representatives  in  1886;  and 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1896. 

WELLS,  MRS.  CATHERINE  BOOTT 
[GANNETT],  essayist,  author,  was  born 
in  1838  in  England.  She  is  a  Boston  es 
sayist  and  novelist  who  has  contributed 
largely  to  periodicals;  and  is  the  author 
of  In  the  Clearings;  Miss  Curtis;  Two 
Modern  Women;  About  People,  a  collec 
tion  of  essays;  and  several  Sunday-school 
manuals  of  ethics  and  normal  methods. 

WELLS,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  pub 
lisher,  author,  was  born  May  7,  1757,  in 
•Charleston,  S.  C.  Going  with  the  king's 
troops  to  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  in  1782,  he 
published  the  first  weekly  newspaper  in 
that  province.  He  received  the  gold  and 
silver  Rumford  medals  from  the  Royal 
society  in  1816  for  the  celebrated  Essay 
on  Dew,  which  is  his  greatest  work. 

WELLS,  CHARLOTTE  FOWLER, 
phrenologist,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1814,  in 
Cohocton,  N.  Y.  She  early  became  inter 
ested  in  the  study  of  phrenology  and  is 
considered  the  pioneer  woman  in  this 
field,  having  been  for  more  than  fifty 
years  actively  engaged  in  the  work.  On 
the  death  of  her  husband  in  1875  she 
became  owner  and  director  of  the  estab 
lishment,  together  with  the  widely  known 
Phrenological  Journal,  and  is  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Fowler  and  Wells  company. 

WELLS,  CLARENCE  W.,  lawyer,  was 
born  June  22,  1864,  in  Daviess  county, 
Ky.  In  1887  he  graduated  from  the 
Georgetown  college  with  the  degree  of 
A.  B.;  and  studied  law  in  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  Michigan. 
He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Owensboro, 
Ky. ;  where  he  has  filled  several  public 
positions  of  trust. 

WELLS,  DANIEL,  merchant,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Maine.  He  be 
came  extensively  engaged  in  the  business 
of  banking  and  lumbering  at  Milwaukee, 
Wis.;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Wisconsin  from  1853  to  1855. 

WELLS,  DAVID  AMES,  journalist,  in 
ventor,  author,  was  born  June  17,  1828,  in 
Springfield,  Mass.  He  became  an  asso 
ciate  editor  of  the  Springfield  Republican; 
and  while  there  invented  a  machine  for 
folding  books  and  newspapers.  After  the 
close  of  the  civil  war  he  was  made  chair 
man  of  a  special  commission  created  by 
congress  to  inquire  into  the  resources  of 
the  country;  was  subsequently  made  a 
special  commissioner  of  the  revenue, 
which  office  he  held  four  years.  After 
leaving  Washington  he  was  appointed  to 
revise  the  taxation  laws  of  that  state  and 
made  two  important  reports  in  1872  and 
1873.  He  is  the  author  of  Familiar  Sci 
ence;  Science  of  Common  Things;  Our 
Merchant  Marine;  Primer  of  Tariff  Re 
form;  Practical  Economics;  Local  Taxa 
tion;  Robinson  Crusoe's  Money;  Study  of 
Mexico;  Recent  Economic  Changes;  Re 
lation  of  the  Tariff  to  Wages;  Principles 
of  Taxation;  and  Production  and  Distri 
bution  of  Wealth. 

WELLS,  EBENEZER  T..  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  New  York.  In  1871  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  associate  justices  of 
the  United  States  supreme  court  for  the 
territory  of  Colorado. 


WELLS,  EMMELINE  BLANCnri,  jour 
nalist,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  29,  1828,  in 
Petersham,  Mass.  Since  1875  she  has 
been  connected  with 
the  editorial  staff  of 
the  Woman's  Expon 
ent,  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah;  and 
since  1877  has  been 
its  sole  editor  and 
publisher.  She  is 
a  member  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  Wom 
an's  Press  associa 
tion;  has  attended 
conventions  of  wom 
en  in  Washington 
and  other  places;  presented  memorials  to 
congress;  and  called  upon  presidents  and 
senators  and  members  of  the  house  in 
the  interests  of  Utah.  Mrs.  Wells  is  a 
poet  of  rare  genius,  and  her  poems  have 
appeared  in  Poets  of  America  and  other 
standard  works. 

WELLS,  ERASTUS,  railroad  president, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1823,  in 
Jefferson  county,  N.  Y.  He  moved  to  at. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  es 
tablished  the  first 
omnibus  line  in  that 
city,  and  the  first 
street  railroad  com 
pany.  He  was,  for 
fifteen  years,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  city  coun- 
>A  cil;  and  was  presi 

dent  of  the  Missouri 
Railroad  company, 
and  a  director  in 
several  incorporated 
companies.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  forty-first,  forty-second,  forty-third, 
and  forty-fourth  congresses;  and  was 
also  elected  to  the  forty-sixth. congress  as 
a  democrat. 

WELLS,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  June  5,  1841,  in 
Tyrone,  N.  Y.  Since  1891  he  has  been 
medical  director  of  the  Manhattan  Life 
Insurance  company.  He  is  the  editor  of 
the  Medical  Examiner,  and  the  author  of 
a  medical  work  entitled  The  Medical  Ex 
aminer:  What  He  Does  and  Why  He 
Does  It. 

WELLS,  GUILFORD  WILEY,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  14, 
1840,  in  Conesus,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the 
war  for  the  union  as  a  lieutenant  of  vol 
unteers,  rose  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  was  twice  wounded  and  was 
brevetted  for  gallantry  on  the  field.  In 
1870  he  was  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  northern  district  of 
Mississippi;  and  was  re-appointed  in  1874. 
The  same  year  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  that  state  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

WELLS,  HARRY  LAURENZ,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  March  28,  1854, 
in  Geneva,  111.  In  1878  he  went  to  Cali 
fornia.  His  most  important  work  is  a 
Popular  History  of  Oregon;  and  his  Song 
of  the  Bears  has  attracted  wide  attention. 

WELLS,  HENRY  HORATIO,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born  Sept. 
17,  1823,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Michigan  legislature  from 
1854  to  1856.  He  served  in  the  war  for 
the  union  from  that  state  and  became  a 
brigadier-general  by  brevet.  He  settled 
in  Virginia;  was  military  governor  of 
Virginia  in  3868  and  1869  and  resigned. 
He  was  United  States  attorney  for  u-.e 
district  of  Virginia  from  1869  to  -1872, 
when  he  resigned.  In  1875  he  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  United  States  attorney 
for  the  District  of  Columbia. 


WELLS,  HENRY  PARKHURST,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1842  in  Rhode- 
Island.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  city; 
and  the  author  of  City  Boys  in  th& 
Woods;  Fly  Rods  and  Fly  Tackle;  and 
The  American  Salmon  Fisherman. 

WELLS,  HEZEKIAH  G.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1812  in  Steubenville,  Ohio. 
He  was  elected  judge  of  the  circuit  court 
of  the  state  of  Michigan.  By  his  indi 
vidual  exertions  he  raised  a  regiment  of 
volunteers  during  the  rebellion.  From 
1865  to  1875  he  was  president  of  the  state 
board  of  agriculture;  and  was  subsequent 
ly  appointed  presiding  judge  of  the  court 
of  commissioners  of  Alabama  claims.  He 
died  April  4,  1885,  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

WELLS,  HORACE,  dentist,  was  born 
Jan.  21,  1815,  in  Hartford,  Vt.  He  was 
the  first  to  employ  laughing  gas  to  de 
stroy  pain  during  dental  operations,  which 
he  caused  to  be  used  on  himself  success 
fully  in  1844.  He  died  Jan.  24,  1848,  in 
New  York  city. 

WELLS,  J.  C.,  author,  was  born  18—. 
He  is  a  legal  writer  of  Ohio;  and  the 
author  of  Delineation  of  the  Law  of  Limi 
tation  in  Illinois;  My  Uncle  Toby:  his 
Table  Talks  and  Reflections;  Questions  of 
Law  and  Fact;  Treatise  on  the  Doctrines 
of  Res  Adjudicata  and  Stare  Decisis;  On 
the  Separate  Property  of  Married  Women 
under  the  Separate  Enabling  Acts;  E 
Pluribus  Unum;  Magna  Charta,  or  the 
Rise  and  Progress  of  Constitutional  Civil 
Liberty  in  England  and  America;  The 
Jurisdiction  of  Courts;  and  Powers  and 
Duties  of  Ohio  County  Commissioners. 

WELLS,  JAMES  MADISON,  seven 
teenth  governor  of  Louisiana,  was  a  na 
tive  of  that  state.  In  1840  he  filled  the 
position  of  sheriff;  in  1864  became  lieu 
tenant  governor;  and  the  following  year 
was  elected  go\ernor,  serving  until  1867. 

WELLS,  JEFFERSON  MADISON,  far 
mer,  public  official,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1808, 
in  Rapides,  La.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  Bardstown,  Ky.;  and 
at  Captain  Partridge's  Military  academy, 
Conn.  He  served  with  distinction  as  gov 
ernor  and  surveyor  of  the  port  of  New 
Orleans  under  President  Grant.  He  was 
president  of  the  returning  board  that 
elected  R.  B.  Hayes  president  of  the 
United  States.  He  is  a  successful  far 
mer  of  Lecompte,  La.;  and  has  been  a 
power  in  the  public  and  political  affairs  of 
Louisiana. 

WELLS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1770  in  Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1851  to  1853.  He  died 
Sept.  7,  1853,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

WELLS,  JOHN  DOANE,  physician,  sur 
geon,  lecturer,  was  born  In  Boston,  Mass. 
In  1817  he  graduated  from  Harvard  col 
lege;     then     studied 
medicine,      and     at 
tained  success  as  one 
of  the  foremost  phy 
sicians  and  surgeons 
of     New       England. 

ln      1S~('      '"'      was 
appointed     professor 

^,-  ^.          of  anatomy  and  phy 

siology  in  the  Berk 
shire  Medical  school; 
and  three  years  lat 
er  was  elected  t<Ahe 
anatomical  chair  in 
the  university  of  Maryland.  He  also  be 
came  a  noted  and  popular  lecturer;  and 
was  earnest  and  enthusiastic  in  his  de 
votion  to  science.  He  died  in  the  surv 
mer  of  1830. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHr. 


993 


WELLS,  JOHN  SULLIVAN,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1803,  in 
Durham,  N.  H.  He  was  a  senator  in 
congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  Jan 
uary  to  March,  in  1855,  by  executive  ap 
pointment.  He  died  Aug.  1,  1860,  in  Ex 
eter,  N.  H. 

WELLS,  LEMUEL  HENRY,  bishop  of 
Spokane,  Wash.,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1841,  in 
Yonkers,  N.  Y.  From  1884  to  1889  he 
was  rector  of  St.  Luke's  church,  Tacoma, 
Wash.,  and  then  h.e  became  rector  of 
Trinity  church,  Tacoma,  which  he  had 
himself  founded,  and  continued  in  that 
charge  till  his  elevation  to  the  episcopate. 

WELLS,  OWEN  A.,  agriculturist,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1844, 
in  Catskill,  N.  Y.  He  was  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue  for  the  third  Wisconsin 
district  under  Grover  Cleveland  for  two 
years,  until  the  district  was  consolidated 
with  the  Milwaukee  district.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

WELLS,  ROBERT  W.,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  for  nearly  thirty  years  on  the 
United  States  bench  of  Missouri;  and  his 
decisions  were  always  respected  by  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
died  Sept.  22,  1864,  in  Bowling  Green,  Ky. 

WELLS,  SAMUEL,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  Aug.  15, 
1801,  in  Durham,  N.  H.  He  was  for  some 
years  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
Maine;  and  was  governor  of  the  state  in 
1856  and  1857.  He  died  July  15,  1868,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

WELLS,  SAMUEL  ROBERTS,  phrenol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  April  4,  1820,  in 
West  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  a  phre 
nologist  of  New  York  city,  long  a  mem 
ber  of  the  publishing  house  of  Fowler  and 
Wells;  and  the  author  of  The  New  Phy 
siognomy;  and  Wedlock,  or  the  Right  Re 
lations  of  the  Sexes.  He  died  April  13, 
1875,  in  New  York  city. 

WELLS,  WALTER,  educator,  author, 
was  born  November,  1830,  in  Salisbury, 
N.  H.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  to  the 
hydrographic  survey  of  Maine,  and  he 
published  in  connection  with  that  work 
The  Water-Power  of  Maine.  He  died 
April  21,  1881,  in  Portland,  Maine. 

WELLS,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born 
about  1770,  in  Kentucky.  When  he  was 
twelve  years  of  age  he  was  taken  captive 
by  the  Miami  Indians;  and  served  with 
the  Indians  until  1790.  Realizing  that  he 
was  fighting  against  his  own  kindred,  he 
set  out  for  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne's  army, 
and  was  made  captain  of  a  company  of 
scouts.  He  was  subsequently  Indian 
agent  and  justice  of  the  peace  near  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind.  When  he  was  informed  in 
1S12  that  Fort  Dearborn  was  to  be  evacu 
ated,  he  set  out  with  thirty  friendly 
Miami  Indians  as  a  body  guard  for  the 
people  on  their  route  from  Chicago  to 
Fort  Wayne.  He  arrived  too  late  to  pre 
vent  its  evacuation,  which  he  was  cer 
tain  would  result  in  a  massacre.  Before 
they  had  gone  two  miles,  five  hundred 
Indians  sprang  from  ambush,  and  mas 
sacred  them  all.  He  died  Aug.  15,  1812, 
in  Chicago,  111. 

WELLS,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was  born 
Dec.  14,  1837,  in  Waterbury,  Vt.  He  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers, 
in  1865,  received  his  full  commission  in 
May  and  was  subsequently  brevetted  ma 
jor-general.  He  died  April  29,  1892,  in 
New  York  city. 

WELLS,  WILLIAM  HARVEY,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1812,  in 
Tolland,  Conn.  He  was  an  educator  of 
Chicago,  superintendent  of  the  city  public 
schools,  in  1856-64;  and  the  author  of  His- 

63 


torical  Authorship  of  English  Grammar; 
and  several  popular  text-books  on  Eng 
lish  Grammar.  He  died  Jan.  21,  1885,  in 
Chicago,  111. 

WELLS  WILLIAM  HILL,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  about  1760,  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Delaware  from  1799  to  1804, 
when  he  resigned;  and  was  again  a 
United  States  senator  from  1813  to  1817. 
He  died  March  11,  1829,  in  Millsborough, 
Del. 

WELLS,  WILLIAM  VINCENT,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1826,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  the  author  of  Explorations  in  Hon 
duras;  Walker's  Expedition  to  Nicaragua; 
and  Life  of  Samuel  Adams. 

WELLSTOOD,  JAMES,  engraver,  was 
born  Nov.  20,  1855,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  firm  of  William  Wellstood  and 
Company,  and  was  a  successful  and  prom 
ising  engraver.  His  principal  plates  were 
The  Pointer;  and  Safe  in  Port,  after 
Thomas  Moran.  He  died  March  14,  1880, 
in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

WELLSTOOD,  JOHN  GEIKIE,  engrav 
er,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1813,  in  Scotland. 
In  1871  he  founded  in  Washington,  D.  C., 
the  Columbian  Bank-Note  company.  While 
he  was  president  of  this  company  he 
modeled  and  partially  engraved  the  backs 
of  all  the  United  States  treasury-notes. 
He  died  Jan.  21,  1893,  in  Greenwich,  Conn. 

WELLSTOOD,  WILLIAM,  engraver, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1819,  in  Scotland.  He 
has  been  employed  by  the  Western  Meth 
odist  Book  concern  in  1846-74,  and  by 
various  firms  in  New  York.  Among  his 
plates,  executed  in  the  line  manner,  are 
portraits  of  Florence  Nightingale,  Ulysses 
S.  Grant,  and  Henry  W.  Longfellow,  the 
latter  after  Alonzo  Chappel,  and  the  land 
scape,  Coast  of  Mount  Desert. 

WELMAN,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1858, 
in  Crawford  county,  Ind.  Since  1888  he 
has  been  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Times  of  Sullivan,  Ind.  He  is  president 
of  the  Indiana  Democratic  Editorial  as 
sociation,  and  has  been  county  superin 
tendent  of  schools  since  1891. 

WELS,  CHARLES,  musician,  composer, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1825,  in  Bohemia.  He 
has  been  very  successful  in  the  composi 
tion  of  church  music. 

WELSH,  ALFRED  HIX,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1850,  in  Fostoria, 
Ohio.  He  was  a  professor  of  English  in 
Ohio  State  university  from  1885,  and  the 
author  of  Development  of  English  Lite 
rature  and  Language;  English  Literature 
in  the  Eighteenth  Century;  The  Conflict 
of  Ages;  Man  and  His  Relations;  and 
Plane  Trigonometry.  He  died  in  1889. 

WELSH,  HERBERT,  philanthropist, 
author,  was  born  in  1851  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  philanthropist  of  Philadelphia, 
prominent  as  a  champion  of  the  rights 
of  the  Indians,  and  the  author  of  Civiliza 
tion  Among  the  Sioux  Indians;  Four 
Weeks  Among  Some  of  the  Sioux  Tribes; 
and  A  Visit  to  the  Navajo,  Pueblo,  and 
Hualpais  Indians. 

WELSH,  THOMAS,  soldier,  was  born 
May  5,  1824,  in  Columbia,  Pa.  He  com 
manded  a  brigade  at  South  Mountain  and 
Antietam,  as  also  at  Fredericksburg, 
where  he  won  promotion  by  his  services 
on  the  right  center,  being  commissioned 
as  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  1863. 
He  died  Aug.  14,  1863,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

WELSH,  WILLIAM,  philanthropist, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  about  1810  in 
Philadelphia.  For  several  years  he  was 
proprietor  of  the  North  American  and  the 
Philadelphia  Gazette,  which  he  had  pur 


chased  in  order  to  elevate  the  morals  of 
the  daily  press.  He  published,  besides 
various  papers,  Lay  Co-operation  in  St. 
Mark's  Church;  and  Letters  on  the  Home 
Missionary  Work  of  the  Protestant  Epis 
copal  Church.  He  died  Feb.  11,  1878,  in 
Philadelphia. 

WELTY,  EDWIN  ARTHUR,  financier, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1853,  in  Canal  Do 
ver,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education  in 

the  public  schools  of 

(  St  Joseph,  Mo.,  and 
i  graduated  from  the 
K|  High  school  in  1872 
I  with  highest  honors. 
At  the  age  of  eight 
een  Edwin  crossed 
the  plains  and  spent 
six  months  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains, 
and  afterward  en 
gaged  in  the  attack 
and  massacre  of  Ma 
jor  Thornburg's  com 
mand.  Returning  from  Colorado  and  New 
Mexico  after  some  years  of  desultory  rov 
ing,  he  settled  into  business  life  as  bro 
ker  in  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and  finally  in  Ore 
gon,  Mo.,  where  he  now  resides.  He  has 
taken  a  prominent  part  in  political  affairs, 
and  in  1888  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
republican  convention  at  Chicago,  and  was 
a  candidate  for  state  senator.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  The 
Hollow  Oak;  Border  Ballads  and  Forest 
Legends;  and  his  poems  have  appeared 
in  the  leading  magazines,  Poets  of  Amer 
ica,  and  other  standard  works. 

WEMPLE,  EDWARD,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  23,  1843,  in  Fultonville,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  New  York 
state  legislature  in  1877  and  1878.  He  be 
came  president  of  the  Fultonville  and 
Fonda  Street  Railroad  company,  and  a  di 
rector  in  the  Fultonville  National  bank. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  New 
York  to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

WEMYSS,  FRANCIS  COURTNEY,  was 
born  May  13,  1797,  in  England.  He  was 
a  theatrical  manager  of  New  York  city, 
and  the  author  of  Chronology  of  the  Am 
erican  Stage  in  1752-1852.  He  died  Jan. 
5,  1859,  in  New  York  city. 

WENDELL,  BARRETT,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1855  in  New  York.  He 
is  an  assistant  professor  of  English  at 
Harvard  university,  and  the  author  of  The 
Duchess  Emilia,  a  romance;  Rankell's  Re 
mains,  a  novel;  Life  of  Cotton  Mather; 
English  Composition;  Stelligeri,  and  Oth 
er  Essays;  William  Shakspere,  a  Study 
in  Elizabethan  Literature;  and  Ralegh  in 
Guiana,  a  play. 

WENDELL,  JOHN  LANSING,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1785,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  For  many  years  he  was  reporter  of 
the  New  York  supreme  court.  He  pub 
lished  Law  Reports  of  New  York  During 
1828-41,  in  twenty-six  volumes;  and  Di 
gest  of  the  Supreme  Court  Reports  Dur 
ing  1828-35.  He  died  Dec.  13,  1861,  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 

WENDOVER,  PETER  H.,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  assembly  from  the  city  of  New 
York  in  1804;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state  from  1815  to 
1821. 

WENTWORTH,  BENNING,  philanthro 
pist,  governor,  was  born  July  24,  1696,  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  was  governor  of 
New  Hampshire  for  twenty  years,  and 
gave  five  hundred  acres  of  land  for  the 
founding  of  Dartmouth  college.  The  town 
of  Bennington,  Vt.,  was  named  in  his 
honor.  He  died  Oct.  14,  1770,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H. 


994 


HERRIXGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WENTWORTH,  GEORGE  ALBERT, 
author,  educator,  was  born  July  31,  1835, 
in  Wakefleld,  N.  H.  He  was  fitted  for 
college  at  the  Philips 
Exeter  academy,  and 
in  1858  graduated 
from  Harvard  col 
lege.  For  thirty- 
three  years  he  was 
professor  of  mathe 
matics  in  the  Phil 
ips  Exeter  academy, 
resigning  that  posi 
tion  in  1891.  He  is 
best  known  as  the 
author  of  a  series  of 
text  books  in  mathe 
matics,  which  are  used  in  the  public 
schools  and  colleges  of  every  state  and 
territory  of  the  United  States;  and  are 
also  extensively  used  in  Japan,  British  In 
dia,  Canada  and  other  countries  where 
the  English  language  is  taught. 

WENTWORTH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
lieutenant-governor,  was  born  Jan.  16, 
1671,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  In  1711  he 
was  councilor  of  New  Hampshire;  jus 
tice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in  1713, 
and  lieutenant-governor  during  1717-30. 
He  died  Dec.  12,  1730,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
WENTWORTH,  JOHN,  governor,  was 
born  Aug.  9,  1737,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
He  was  the  last  royal  governor  of  New 
Hampshire.  He  died  April  8,  1820,  in 
Nova  Scotia. 

WENTWORTH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1768  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
He  was  appointed  attorney-general  of 
Prince  Edward  island,  and  removed  to 
Portsmouth,  where  he  married  Martha 
Wentworth.  In  1816  he  returned  to  Eu 
rope.  He  was  the  author  of  a  System  of 
Pleading,  in  ten  volumes.  He  died  in  1816 
in  France. 

WENTWORTH,  JOHN,  journalist,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  March  5,  1815, 
in  Sandwich,  N.  H.  He  was  among  the 
first  who  took  an  interest  in  securing  a 
city  charter  for  Chicago.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  Illinois  to  the  twenty- 
eighth,  twenty-ninth,  thirtieth,  thirty-first 
and  thirty-second  congresses;  and  was 
subsequently  elected  for  the  sixth  term  to 
the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He  died  Oct. 
16,  1888,  in  Chicago,  111. 

WENTWORTH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  July  17, 
1745,  in  Somersville,  N.  H.  He  was  reg 
ister  of  probate,  which  office  he  held  until 
his  death.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  to  the  New  Hampshire  state  legisla 
ture  from  1776  to  1780.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  New  Hampshire  to  the  continental 
congress  in  the  years  1778  and  1779,  serv 
ing  four  sessions,  and  was  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  articles  of  confederation. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  from 
1784  until  his  death,  and  was  an  active 
member  of  the  committee  of  safety  during 
the  revolution.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1787,  in 
Dover,  N.  11. 

WENTWORTH,  JOSHUA,  soldier,  was 
born  in  1742  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He 
was  colonel  of  the  first  New  Hampshire 
regiment  in  1776,  was  elected  to  the  leg 
islature,  served  four  years  as  state  sena 
tor,  and  was  appointed  a  delegate  to  the 
continental  congress,  but  did  not  attend. 
He  died  Oct.  19,  1809,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
WENTWORTH,  MOSES  J.,  lawyer,  cap 
italist,  state  legislator,  was  born  May  9, 
1848,  in  Sandwich,  N.  H.  Becoming  sole 
trustee  of  the  large  estate  of  his  uncle, 
John  Wentworth,  he  did  not  practice  his 
profession,  but  devoted  his  time  to  the 
care  of  property.  He  Is  a  democrat  in 
politics  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
twenty-ninth,  thirtieth  and  thirty-first 
general  assemblies  of  the  state  of  Illinois. 


WENTWORTH,  TAPPAN,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1802, 
in  Dover,  N.  H.  He  was  president  of  the 
common  council  of  Lowell  in  1842;  served 
four  years  in  the  state  senate,  and  eight 
years  in  the  lower  house  of  the  legislature. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1853  to  1855.  He  died 
June  12,  1875,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WENZEL,  JOHN,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  30,  1869,  in  Marlboro,  Mass.  For 
seven  years  he  was  assistant  librarian  of 
Boston  university,  and  since  1894  he  has 
been  trustee  of  the  Ashland  Public  library, 
Massachusetts.  He  practices  law  in  Bos 
ton,  and  is  the  author  of  The  Comparative 
View  of  Governments,  and  contributes  ex 
tensively  to  current  literature. 

WERDEN,  ELIAS,  poet,  was  born  April 
26,  1816,  in  New  Marlboro,  Mass.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
Sketches  in  Prose  and  Verse. 

WEREAT,  JOHN,  patriot,  congressman, 
was  born  about  1730.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  provincial  congress  of  Georgia  in 
1775,  its  speaker  in  1776,  and  after  the 
fall  of  Savannah  in  1779,  as  president  of 
the  executive  council,  was  at  the  head  of 
the  state  government  till  the  next  elec 
tion.  He  died  in  1798  in  Bryan  county, 
Ga. 

WERNICK,  EMIL  V.,  educator,  busi 
ness  man,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1863,  in  Wind 
sor,  Wis.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  State  Normal  school  of  Oshkosh,  Wis., 
and  graduated  from  a  full  course  in  1882. 
For  seven  years  he  was  principal  of  the 
Hillsboro  High  school;  and  is  now  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  education  of  that 
city.  For  three  years  he  was  a  member 
of  the  county  board  of  supervisors,  and  is 
now  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
Vernon  county  Insane  asylum. 

WERNWAG,  LEWIS,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  Dec.  4,  1769,  in  Germany.  In 
1810  he  erected  a  bridge  across  Nesha- 
miny  creek,  on  the  road  between  Philadel 
phia  and  New  York.  One  of  his  bridges  of 
wood  was  built  across  the  Schuylkill  rivet 
in  1812  at  Philadelphia.  This  structure 
was  known  as  the  Colossus  of  Fairmount. 
In  consideration  of  its  length  of  span 
(it  being  the  longest  ever  erected),  solid 
ity,  and  strength,  the  bridge  was  regarded 
as  one  of  the  wonders  of  the  world.  He 
died  Aug.  12,  1843,  in  Harper's  Ferry,  Va. 

WERT,  J.  HOWARD,  educator,  poet. 
He  is  a  successful  educator  of  Harrisburg, 
Pa.,  and  the  author  of  Poems  of  Camp 
and  Hearth;  and  other  works. 

WERTMAN,  SARAH  K.,  lawyer.  She 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  is  now  a 
member  of  the  law  firm  of  Wertman  and 
Wertman,  of  Ashland,  Ohio. 

WERTMULLER,  ADOLPH  ULRIC,  art 
ist,  born  in  1751  in  Sweden.  Among  his 
portraits  are  those  of  Gustavus  III.  and 
his  queen,  and  Gustavus  IV.  His  Marie 
Antoinette  and  her  Children  is  in  the  mu 
seum  at  Stockholm.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1811, 
near  Marcus  Hook,  Pa. 

WESLEY,  JOHN,  philanthropist,  was 
born  June  17,  1703,  in  England.  He  was 
the  founder  of  methodism.  He  died  Feb. 
23,  1791. 

WESSELHOEFT,  CONRAD,  physician, 
author.  He  is  a  homeopathic  physician 
of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  The  Law  of 

Similars. 

WESSELHOEFT,  MRS.  LILY  (POPE), 
author,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  She 
is  a  Boston  writer  of  popular  juvenile 
tales,  and  the  author  of  Jerry  the  Blun 
derer;  Sparrow  the  Tramp;  Flipwing  the 
Spy;  Old  Rough  the  Miser;  The  Winds, 
the  Woods,  and  the  Wanderer;  and  Frow- 
zle,  the  Runaway. 


WESSELLS,  HENRY  WALTON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1809,  in  Litch- 
field,  Conn.  In  1833  he  graduated  from 
West  Point;  served  in  the  Seminole,  Mexi 
can  and  civil  wars;  and  attained  the  bre 
vet  of  brigadier-general  in  the  United 
States  army. 

WESSINGER,  JOHN  AUGUSTUS,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  lecturer,  was  born  Aug.  6, 
1860,  in  Howell,  Mich.  He  received  a 
thorough  education;  received  the  degree 
of  A.  B.  from  the  university  of  Blooming- 
ton;  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  Detroit 
college  of  Medicine,  and  took  a  course  in 
sanitary  science  under  the  Michigan  state 
board  of  health.  In  1892  he  was  lecturer 
on  hygiene  and  sanitary  science  in  the 
Michigan  college  of  Medicine  and  Surgery 
of  Detroit;  and  is  now  a  prominent  phy 
sician  and  surgeon  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  import 
ant  medical  papers,  published  in  pamphlet 
form,  and  in  medical  journals;  and  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  leading  medical 
bodies  of  America  and  Europe. 

WEST,  ANDREW  FLEMING,  educator, 
author,  was  born  in  1853  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  professor  of  Latin  in  Princeton 
college  from  1883,  and  the  author  of  The 
Philobiblion  of  Richard  de  Bury;  and  Al- 
cuin  and  the  Rise  of  the  Christian  Schools. 
WEST,  BENJAMIN,  astronomer,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  March,  1730,  in 
Rehoboth,  Mass.  In  1786  he  accepted 
the  chair  of  mathematics  and  natural  phi 
losophy  in  Brown  university,  which  he 
held  until  1799.  In  1812-13  he  was  post 
master  of  Providence.  He  published  an 
Account  of  the  Observation  of  Venus  upon 
the  Sun,  June  3,  1769.  He  died  Aug.  13, 
1813,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

WEST,  BENJAMIN,  artist,  was  born 
Oct.  10,  1738,  near  Springfield,  Pa.  Early 
in  life  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Lon 
don,  and  was  patron 
ized  as  an  artist  by 
George  III.  Some  of 
his  finest  pictures 
are  in  the  Acanemy 
of  Fine  Arts,  Phila 
delphia.  He  succeed 
ed  Sir  Joshua  Rey 
nolds  as  president  of 
the  Royal  Academy 
in  1792.  He  died 
March  11,  1820,  in 
London.  England. 
His  pictures  have 
been  extensively  copied  by  engravers  of 
the  United  States. 

WEST,  BINA  M.,  supreme  record  keep 
er,  Ladies  of  the  Maccabees  of  the  World, 
was  born  May  18,  1867,  in  Columbus,  Mich. 
She  has  been  prominently  identified  with 
the  educational  interests  of  Michigan.  She 
began  teaching  at  an  early  age,  and  her 
ability  was  recognized  by  an  election  to 
tne  county  board  of  school  managers  for 
St.  Clair  county,  the  only  woman  who 
has  ever  been  so  honored  in  that  county. 
She  is  an  extensive  traveler,  and  has  lec 
tured  in  the  interest  of  the  Ladies  of  the 
Maccabees  in  every  state  in  the  Union. 
She  is  distinguished  as  an  orator  and 
writer,  and  is  the  editor  of  The  Review, 
a  fraternal  magaz.ne. 

WEST,  CHARLES  W.,  merchant,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1810,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Pa.  In  3841  he  es 
tablished  himself  in  Cincinnati,  where  he 
achieved  commercial  success.  In  1880  he 
offered  to  contribute  $150,000  toward  the 
erection  of  an  art  museum  building,  pro 
vided  that  an  equal  amount  was  raised  by 
subscription,  and  on  the  condition  being 
fulfilled  he  gave  twice  as  much  as  he  had 
promised.  The  building  was  begun  in 
1882,  and  completed  in  1885.  He  died  Sept. 
21,  1884,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


HBRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


995 


WEST,  GEORGE,  manufacturer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  17, 
1823,  in  England.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  New  York  legislature  from 
1872  to  1877,  and  became  president  of  the 
First  National  bank  of  Ballston  Spa,  N. 
Y.,  where  he  was  a  paper  manufacturer. 
In  1880  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-seventh  con 
gress,  and  in  1884  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  forty-ninth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

WEST,  JOSEPH  RODMAN,  soldier, 
journalist,  United  States  senator,  (was 
born  Sept.  19,  1822,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 
He  moved  to  Califor 
nia  in  1849,  and  en 
gaged  in  commercial 
pursuits,  and  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  re 
bellion  was  proprie 
tor  of  the  San  Fran 
cisco  Prices  Current. 
He  entered  the  army 
as  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  first  California 
infantry,  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of 
brevet  major-gene 
ral.  He  went  to  Texas,  and  then  removed 
to  New  Orleans,  and  was  chief  deputy 
United  States  marshal  and  auditor  of 
customs,  and  adminstrator  of  improve 
ments.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate,  for  the  term  commencing 
m  1871  and  ending  in  1877.  He  settled  in 
Washington  City,  and  served  for  several 
years  as  one  of  the  commissioners  of  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

WEST,  LOVETTE  PLACE,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1841  in  Lake 
Side,  N.  Y.  Since  1882  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  Conexus  Lake  railroad  at  Lake 
Side,  N.  Y. 

WEST,  MARY  ALLEN,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  31,  1837,  in  Galesburg, 
111.  She  was  an  Illinois  educator  who  was 
Knox  county  superintendent  of  schools  in 
1873-92,  and  the  author  of  Childhood-  Its 
Care  and  Culture.  She  died  Dec  1  1892 
in  Tokio,  Japan. 

WEST,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  September,  1794,  in 
Ireland.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of 
The  Ark  of  God  the  Safety  of  the  Nation; 
Popery  the  Prop  of  European  Despotism- 
Babylon  the  Great;  Right  and  Left  Hand 
Blessings  of  God;  and  Complete  Analysis 
of  the  Whole  Bible.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1864 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WEST,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  author 
was  born  March  3,  1730,  in  Yarmouth, 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  conven 
tion  for  framing  the  constitution  of  Mas 
sachusetts;  and  for  the  adoption  of  that 
of  the  United  States.  He  was  the  author 
of  Essays  on  Liberty  and  Necessity;  and 
some  sermons.  He  died  Sept.  24,  1807  in 
Tiverton,  R.  I. 

WEST,  STEPHEN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  13,  1735,  in  Tolland,  Conn. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman,  pas 
tor  at  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  in  1759-1819, 
and  the  author  of  Essay  on  Moral  Agency; 
Life  of  Reverend  Samuel  Hopkins'  Evi 
dence  of  the  Divinity  of  Christ;  and  Duty 
and  Obligation  of  Christians  to  Marry 
Only  in  the  Lord.  He  died  May  15,  1819, 
in  Stockbridge,  Mass. 

WESTBROOK,  JOHN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1841  to  1843. 

WESTBROOK,  THEODORIC  R.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  that 
state  from  1853  to  1855. 


WESTBROOKS,  CHARLES  P.,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  clergyman,  was 
born  June  30,  1854,  in  Aberdeen,  Miss. 
He  was  a  successful  educator  in  Mississip 
pi  and  Texas  for  twenty  years;  became 
president  of  the  Jones  Male  and  Female 
institute  of  Goliad,  Texas;  and  is  now  a 
successful  clergyman  of  San  Antonio, 
Texas. 

WESTCOTT,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  journal 
ist,  was  born  March  26,  1843,  in  Clyde,  N. 
Y.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Times  of  Ely,  Minn.  He  has  served  as  a 
county  judge  in  South  Dakota. 

WESTCOTT,  GEORGE  P.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1842,  in  Blue 
Hill,  Maine.  Since  1882  he  has  been  presi 
dent  01  the  Portland  and  Rochester  rail 
road  at  Portland,  Maine. 

WESTCOTT,  JAMES  DIAMENT,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  May 
10,  1802,  in  Alexandria,  Va.  He  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  the  territory  of  Flo 
rida,  and  held  the  office  four  years,  per 
forming  the  duties  of  the  governor  dur 
ing  his  temporary  absence.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  territorial  legislature  in 
1832,  and  was  appointed  United  States 
district  attorney  for  the  middle  district  of 
the  territory,  which  office  he  held  until 
3836.  He  was  again  a  member  of  the  leg 
islature,  and  a  member  of  the  convention 
for  framing  a  state  constitution  in  1838 
and  1839.  On  the  admission  of  Florida 
into  the  union  as  a  state,  in  1845,  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress,  and  served 
until  1849. 

WESTCOTT,  JAMES  DIAMENT,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  18 
1839,  in  Tallahassee,  Fla.  He  entered  the 
confederate  service  at  the  beginning  of 
the  war,  and  attained  the  rank  of  major. 
In  1885  he  became  attorney-general  of 
Florida,  but  resigned  this  post  a  year 
later,  and  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court. 

WESTCOTT,  THOMPSON,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  June  5,  1820,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  jour 
nalist,  editor  of  The  Sunday  Dispatch  in 
1848-84,  and  the  author  of  Life  of  John 
Fitch,  the  Inventor  of  the  Steamboat; 
The  Taxpayer's  Guide;  Official  Guide  to 
Philadelphia;  and  Historic  Mansions  of 
Philadelphia.  He  died  May  8,  1888  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WESTERLO,  EILARDUS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  October,  1738,  in 
Holland.  He  delivered  the  address  of  wel 
come  to  General  Washington  when  he  vis 
ited  Albany  in  1782.  He  left  in  manu 
script  an  autobiography  containing  refer 
ences  to  the  years  between  1761  and  1790, 
Greek  and  Hebrew  lexicons,  complete,  and 
a  translation  from  the  Dutch  of  Alber- 
thonias's  Catechism.  He  died  Dec  20 
1790,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

WESTwRLO,  RENSSELAER,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1775  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1817  to  1819.  He  died  in 
1851  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

WESTHAFER,  FRANCIS  M.,  surveyor, 
educator,  clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  12, 
1850,  in  Tracy,  Ohio.  He  received  an 
academic  education,  and  graduated  from 
the  Illinois  Normal  and  the  Moore's  Hill 
college.  He  has  been  a  surveyor,  county 
school  superintendent  and  a  professor  in 
the  Moore's  Hill  college.  He  has  at 
tained  eminence  as  a  successful  clergy 
man  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church 
in  the  Indiana  conference,  and  for  four 
years  filled  a  pastorate  in  Greenwood.  He 
has  contributed  extensively  to  current 
publications  on  educational  and  religious 
topics. 


WESTLAKE,  WILLIAM,  inventor  was 
born  July  23,  1831.  He  invented  the  first 
loose  globe  car  lamp;  and  the  revolving 
headlight  for  locomotives.  He  has  a 
large  establishment  in  New  York  city, 
which  is  known  as  the  Adams  and  West- 
lake  company. 

WESTMORELAND,  J.  F.,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  April  27,  1847  in 
Stokes  county,  N.  C.  He  is  the  editor  'and 
owner  o'f  the  Davidson  County  News  of 
Thomasville,  N.  C.,  and  has  represented 
his  district  as  state  senator  in  the  North 
Carolina  legislature. 

WESTON,  EDWARD,  electrician,  in 
ventor,  was  born  May  9,  1850,  in  England. 
In  1887  he  built  in  Newark  one  of  the 
largest  private  laboratories  in  the  world, 
and  he  also  possesses  a  fine  technical  li 
brary  that  contains  many  rare  books  on 
electricity.  One  of  his  most  valuable  inven 
tions  is  that  of  tamidine,  a  modification 
of  cellulose,  which  is  extensively  used  in 
incandescent  lamps. 

WESTON,  HENRY  GRIGGS,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept  11 
1820,  in  Lynn,  Mass.  In  1868  he  accepted 
the  presidency  of  the  Crozer  Theological 
seminary,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  for  a 
time  editor  of  the  Baptist  Quarterly  and 
has  also  been  president  of  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  union.  He  has  con 
tributed  to  periodicals,  and  is  the  author 
of  a  treatise  on  the  Four  Gospels. 

WESTON,  JAMES  A.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Nevada  in  the  years  1871 
and  1872. 

WESTON,  JAMES  A.,  civil  engineer 
governor,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1827,  in  Man 
chester,  N.  H.  He  was  extensively  en 
gaged  in  building  and  operating  railroads 
and  water  works  in  New  Hampshire.  He 
was  elected  mayor  of  Manchester  in  1868, 
1870,  1871  and  1874,  and  was  governor  of 
New  Hampshire  in  1871  and  1874. 

WESTON,  MRS.  MARY  CATHERINE 
(NOR'm),  author,  was  born  April  14, 
1822,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  She  is  the  author 
of  Calvary  Catechism;  Synopsis  of  the 
Bible;  Jewish  Antiquities;  and  Biography 
of  Old  and  New  Testament  Characters. 
She  died  Aug.  4,  1882,  in  Greenwich 
Conn. 

WESTON,  THOMAS  R.,  lawyer,  author 
was  born  June  14,  1834,  in  Middleboro, 
Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Sketch  of 
Peter  Oliver,  the  last  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  Judicature  in  Massa 
chusetts  Bay  Colony;  and  a  Genealogy  of 
the  Descendants  of  Demon  Weston. 

WETHERBEE,    GARDNER,    was    born 
Nov.  8,  1838,  in  Harvard,  Mass.     In  1873 
he  returned  to  New  York   to  lease  from 
John     T.     Daly     the 
Windsor    hotel,     o  n 
Fifth       avenue       at 
Forty-seventh  street, 
in    partnership    with 
Samuel  Hawk,  under 
the     ttrm     name     of 
Hawk    and    Wether- 
bee.    This  was  a  new 
and          exceedingly 
handsome  hotel,  sit 
uated  in  the  heart  of 
the  fashionable  resi 
dence  section  of  the 
city,   requiring   skillful   management,    but 
promising  good  returns  to  a  firm,  compe 
tent  to  conduct  one  of  the  finest  public 
houses  in  the  metropolis  in  a  proper  man 
ner.     The  entire  success  of  the  Windsor 
hotel  is  a  sufficient  commentary  upon  the 
excellence  of  its  management. 

WETHERED,  JOHN,  congressman  was 
born  in  Maryland.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Maryland  from  1843 
to  1845. 


996 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WETHERELL,  EMMA  ABBOTT,  vo 
calist,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1849,  in  Chicago, 
111.  She  gained  a  national  reputation  as 
a  vocalist.  She  died  Jan.  5,  1891,  in  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah. 

WETHERILL,  CHARLES  MAYER,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1825,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  professor  of 
chemistry  at  Lehigh  university"  in  1866-71, 
and  the  author  of  The  Manufacture  of 
Vinegar.  He  died  March  5,  1871,  in  Beth 
lehem,  Pa. 

WETHERILL,  SAMUEL,  soldier,  in 
ventor,  was  born  May  27,  1821,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  served  with  distinction 
during  the  civil  war,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  brevet  lieutenant-colonel.  The 
first  zinc  white  was  made  by  a  process  in 
vented  by  him. 

WETMORE,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  (BIS- 
LAND),  journalist,  author,  was  born  in 
1863  in  Texas.  She  is  a  journalist  of  New 
York  city,  and  the  author  of  A  Flying 
Trip  Around  the  World. 

WETMORE,  GEORGE  PEABODY,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  governor,  was 
born  Aug.  2,  1846,  in  London,  England. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Rhode 
Island  and  of  New  York  in  1869;  is  a  trus 
tee  of  the  Peabody  Museum  of  Natural 
History  in  Yale  university;  is  a  trustee  of 
the  Peabody  education  fund,  president  of 
the  Newport  hospital,  and  a  director  "of 
other  associations.  He  was  first  presi 
dential  elector  of  Rhode  Island  in  1880 
and  in  3884;  was  a  member  of  the  state 
committee  to  receive  the  representatives 
of  France  on  the  occasion  of  their  visit 
to  Rhode  Island  in  1881,  and  as  a  member 
of  the  commission  to  build  a  new  state- 
house.  He  was  governor  of  Rhode  Island 
in  1885-86,  and  1886-87.  He  was  elected  to 
the  senate  in  1894. 

WETMORE,  PROSPER  MONTGOM 
ERY,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1798, 
in  Stratford,  Conn.  He  was  a  once  prom 
inent  citizen  of  New  York  city,  and  the 
author  of  Lexington,  and  Other  Fugitive 
Poems;  and  Observations  on  the  War 
with  Mexico.  He  died  March  16,  1876,  in 
Stratford,  Conn. 

WEVER,  JOHN  M.,  soldier,  banker,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1847,  in  Gan 
ges,  Mich.  He  served  in  the  army  of  the 
Cumberland  and  the  army  of  the  Ohio. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  located  in 
New  York  state  and  entered  into  the 
banking  business,  in  which  business  he 
has  since  continued.  He  was  elected  coun 
ty  treasurer  of  Clinton  county  in  1884 
and  re-elected  in  1887.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  as  a  republican. 

WEYMOUTH,  GEORGE  WARREN, 
bank  and  railroad  director,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  25,  1850,  in  Fitchburg, 
Mass.  He  devotes 
most  of  his  time  to 
the  Fitchburg  Steel 
Ball  company  a  s 
vice-president  and 
general  manager.  He 
is  director  of  the 
Fitchburg  National 
bank  and  trustee  of 
the  Fitchburg  Sav 
ings  bank;  is  direct 
or  of  the  Fitchburg 
and  Leominster 
Street  railway,  and 
also  of  the  Orswell  mills  and  Nockege 
mills.  He  is  ex-president  of  the  Fitch 
burg  board  of  trade;  was  one  year  in  the 
city  council  of  Fitchburg,  in  the  state  leg 
islature  of  1896,  and  a  delegate  to  the 
national  convention  at  St.  Louis  in  1896. 
He  was  elected  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 


WHALEY,  KELLIAN  V.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  May  l>, 
1821,  in  Onondaga  county,  N.  Y.  He  was 
elected  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress 
from  West  Virginia.  Afterward  he  acted 
as  an  aide  to  Governor  Pierpoint  in  or 
ganizing  and  equipping  regiments,  and 
was  in  command  at  the  battle  of  Guyan- 
dotte.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  and  thirty-ninth  congresses.  In 
1868  he  was  appointed  collector  at  Brazos 
de  Santiago,  Texas. 

WHALLON,  REUBEN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1777  in  New  Jersey.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1833  to  1835.  He  died  April  15, 
1843,  in  Essex  county,  N.  Y. 

WHAREY,  JAMES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  15,  1789,  in  Rutherford 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Goochlaud  county,  Va.,  and 
the  author  of  Baptism;  and  Sketches  of 
Church  History.  He  died  April  29,  1842, 
in  Goochland,  Va. 

WHARTON,  ANNE  HOLLINGS- 
WORTH,  author,  was  born  about  1845  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  is  a  Philadelphia 
writer,  and  the  author  of  The  Wharton 
Family;  Virgilia;  St.  Bartholomew's  Eve; 
Colonial  Days  and  Dames;  Through  Col 
onial  Doorways;  A  Last  Century  Maid, 
and  Other  Stories  for  Children;  and  Mar 
tha  Washington,  a  biography. 

WHARTON,  CHARLES  HENRY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  June  5,  1748,  in 
St.  Mary's  county,  Md.  He  was  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  of  Burlington,  N.  J., 
rector  of  St.  Mary's  church  in  1798-1833, 
and  the  author  of  Reply  to  Bishop  Car 
roll's  Address  to  the  Roman  Catholics  of 
America;  Proofs  of  the  Divinity  of  Christ; 
and  Concise  View  of  the  Principal  Points 
of  Controversy  Between  Protestant  and 
Roman  Catholic  Churches.  He  died  July 
22,  1833,  in  Burlington,  N.  J. 

WHARTON,  FRANCIS,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  March  7,  1820,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  an  episcopal  cler 
gyman  of  Boston,  and  professor  of  eccle 
siastical  and  international  law  in  the 
Episcopal  Theological  school  at  Cam 
bridge.  He  was  the  author  of  Criminal 
Law  of  the  United  States;  Medical  Juris 
prudence;  State  Trials  of  the  United 
States;  The  Silence  of  Scripture;  Treatise 
on  Theism;  Precedents  of  Indictments; 
The  Law  of  Homicide  in  the  United 
States;  The  Conflict  of  Laws;  Law  of 
Agency  and  Agents;  Digest  of  Interna 
tional  Law  (with  M.  StillS) ;  The  Law  of 
Negligence;  Commentary  on  the  Law  of 
Evidence  in  Civil  Issues;  and  The  Law  of 
Contracts.  He  died  Feb.  21,  1889,  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

WHARTON,  HENRY,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  June  2,  1827,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  and 
the  author  of  Practical  and  Elementary 
Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Vicinage.  He  died 
Nov.  11,  1880,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WHARTON,  JESSE,  congressman,  Uni 
ted  States  senator,  was  born  in  1760  in 
Albemarle  county,  Va.  He  represented 
the  state  of  Tennessee  in  congress  from 
1807  to  1809;  and  was  a  United  States 
senator  in  1814  and  1815.  when  he  was 
superseded  by  J.  Williams.  He  died  July 
22,  1833,  in  Nashville. 

WHARTON,  JOHN  A.,  soldier,  states 
man,  congressman,  was  born  in  Tennes 
see.  He  served  through  the  Mexican  war. 
attaining  the  rank  of  adjutant-general. 
From  1837-38  he  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  Texas.  He  died  Dec.  15,  1838, 
in  Houston,  Texas. 

WHARTON,  JOSEPH,  manufacturer, 
was  born  March  3,  1826,  in  Philadelphia. 


He  was  among  the  first  to  establish  the 
manufacture  of  spelter,  nickel,  and  cobalt 
in  this  country,  and  was  the  first  to  make 
magnetic  needles  of  other  substance  than 
steel.  He  owns  the  deposits  of  nickel 
ore  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.,  which  he 
purchased  in  1873,  and  established  his 
works  in  Camden,  N.  J.  The  Wharton 
School  of  Finance  and  Economics  was 
founded  by  him. 

WHARTON,  ROBERT,  mayor  of  Phil 
adelphia,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1757,  in  Phil 
adelphia.  He  was  fifteen  times  elected 
mayor  of  Philadelphia.  He  died  March  7, 
1834,  in  Philadelphia. 

WHARTON,  SAMUEL,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  May  3,  1732,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  signed  the  non-im 
portation  resolutions  of  1765,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  city  councils  of  Philadel 
phia,  of  the  committee  of  safety  in  the 
revolution,  of  the  colonial  and  state  leg 
islatures  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  the  con 
tinental  congress  in  1782  and  1783.  He 
died  in  March,  1800,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
WHARTON,  THOMAS,  governor,  was 
born  in  1735  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He 
was  one  of  the  twenty-five  citizens  that 
formed  the  committee  of  safety  in  Phila 
delphia  in  1775.  In  1777  he  was  elected 
president  of  Pennsylvania,  which  office  he 
held  till  his  death.  He  died  May  22,  1778, 
in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

WHARTON,  THOMAS  ISAAC,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  May  17,  1791,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Phila 
delphia,  and  the  author  of  Digest  of  Cases 
in  United  States  Court,  Third  District; 
Reports  of  Cases  in  Pennsylvania  Su 
preme  Court;  and  Memoir  of  William 
Rawle.  He  died  April  7,  1856,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

WHARTON,  THOMAS  ISAAC,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1859,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  A 
Latter-Day  Saint;  and  Hannibal  of  New 
York. 

WHEATLEY,  CHARLES  MOORE,  min 
eralogist,  author,  was  uorn  March  16,  1822, 
in  England.  He  was  a  mineralogist  of 
Phoenixville,  Pa.,  who  published  a  Cata 
logue  of  the  Shells  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  May  6,  1882,  in  Phcenixville,  Pa. 
WHEATLEY,  PH1LLIS,  poet,  was  born 
in  1751  in  Africa.  She  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  entitled  Poems.  She  died  in  1784. 
WHEATLEY,  RICHARD,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  England.  He  is  a 
methodist  clergyman  of  New  Jersey  and 
the  author  of  Cathedrals  and  Abbeys  in 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

WHEATLEY,  WILLIAM,  actor,  was 
born  Dec.  5,  1816,  in  New  York  city.  He 
attained  a  national  reputation  as  a 
noted  actor.  He  died  Dec.  3,  1876,  in  New' 
York. 

WHEATON,  CHARLES,  lawyer,  legis 
lator,  was  born  May  29,  1829,  in  Warren, 
R.  I.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
academies,  and  after 
ward  attended  Trini 
ty  college  of  Hart 
ford,  Conn.,  from 
which  institution  he 
graduated  in  1849.  In 
1864  he  served  with 
distinction  as  mayor 
of  the  city  of  Auro 
ra,  111.;  and  during 
1868-72  was  supervi 
sor  of  that  city.  In 

1869-70     he     was     a 

member  of  the  con 
stitutional  convention  of  Illinois;  has 
taken  a  prominent  part  in  the  public  af 
fairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state,  and  has 
gained  prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Illinois. 


HKKUIXCSHAWS     K.N( '  YCI.OPEDW     OF    AMERICAN     BIOGRAPHY. 


997 


WHEATON,  FRANK,  soldier,  was  born 
May  8,  1833,  in  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was 
appointed  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  in  1862,  and  was  brevetted  major- 
general  of  volunteers  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services,  and  received  bre 
vets  in  the  regular  army  to  the  grade  of 
major-general. 

WHEATON,  HENRY,  lawyer,  diplomat, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1785,  in  Provi 
dence.  He  was  the  author  of  History  of  the 
Progress  of  the  Law  of  Nations;  Elements 
of  International  Law;  History  of  the 
Northmen;  Reports  of  Cases  in  United 
States  Supreme  Court;  Digest  of  Supreme 
Court  Decisions  from  1789  to  1820;  and 
Life  of  William  Pinkney  in  Sparks's  Am 
erican  Biography.  He  died  March  11,  1848, 
in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

WHEATON,  HORACE,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1843  to  1847. 

WHEATON,  LABAN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1754  at  Marsh- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  a  county  judge  t>f 
Massachusetts,  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1809  to  1817.  He  died 
March  23,  1846,  in  Norton,  Mass. 

WHEATON,  MILTON  ALVORD,  law 
yer,  inventor,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1830,  in 
North  Gage,  N.  Y.  He  taught  school  for 
a  while  near  Sacra 
mento,  Cal.,  and  in 
1856  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  settled 
in  Suisun,  Cal.  He 
has  attained  success 
in  the  profession  of 
law,  particularly  in 
land  litigation.  He 
is  frequently  called 
to  different  states  to 
argue  important  pat 
ent  cases;  and  dur 
ing  the  last  quarter 
of  a  century  has  frequently  appeared  in 
argument  cases  before  the  United  States 
supreme  court.  Since  1865  he  has  lived 
near  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  in  which  city 
he  is  a  prominent  figure. 

WHEATON,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  5,  1826,  in  New  York  city, 
he  was  a  skilful  musician,  and  published 
several  able  and  thoughtful  articles  in  the 
North  American  Review,  and  other  peri 
odicals.  Selections  from  his  writings  were 
published  by  his  sister,  Abby  Wheaton, 
with  a  memoir  in  1854.  He  died  Oct.  9, 
1851,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

WHEDON,  DANIEL  DENISON,  clergy 
man,  journalist,  author,  was  born  March 
20,  1808,.  in  Ononclaga,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
methodist  clergyman,  editor  of  The  Meth 
odist  Quarterly  Review  in  18oo-84,  and 
the  author  of  The  Freedom  of  the  Will; 
Commentary  on  the  New  Testament; 
Commentary  on  the  Old  Testament;  Es 
says,  Reviews  and  Discourses,  and  State 
ments:  Theological  and  Critical.  He 
died  June  8,  1885,  in  Atlantic  Highlands, 
N.  J. 

WHEELER,  ANDREW  CARPENTER, 
critic,  author,  was  born  July  4,  1835,  in 
New  York.  He  is  a  dramatic  and  musi 
cal  critic  of  New  York  city,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Chronicles  of  Milwaukee;  The 
Twins,  a  comedy;  and  The  Primrose  Path 
of  Dalliance,  a  theatrical  tale. 

WHEELER,  BENJAMIN  IDE,  educa 
tor,  philologist,  author,  was  born  July  15, 
1854,  in  Randolph,  Mass.  He  was  instruc 
tor  in  Brown  university  and  in  Harvard; 
and  professor  of  comparative  philology 
•and  Greek  in  Cornell  college.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Greek  Noun  Accents;  Ana 
logy,  and  the  Scope  of  Its  Application  in 
Language;  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 
History  and  Language;  and  other  works. 


WHEELER,  CHARLES  GARDINER, 
author,  was  born  in  1855  in  Peabody, 
Mass.  He  is  a  writer  formerly  of  Win- 
chendon,  Mass.,  and  later  of  Topsham, 
Maine.  He  is  the  author  of  Who  Wrote 
It?  a  literary  index,  and  Familiar  Allu 
sions,  both  begun  by  his  uncle,  and  com 
pleted  by  him.  The  Course  of  Empire: 
Outlines  of  the  Chief  Political  Changes 
in  the  History  of  the  World. 

WHEELER,  CHARLES  KENNEDY, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  April  18, 
1863,  in  Christian  county,  Ky.  Since  1880 
he  has  been  engaged  in  the  active  practice 
of  law  in  Paducah,  Ky.,  and  has  been 
corporation  counsel  for  the  city  for  the 
years  1894  and  1895.  He  was  democratic 
elector  for  the  first  congressional  district 
of  Kentucky  in  1892,  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

WHEELER,  CROSBY  HOWARD,  mis 
sionary,  author,  was  born  in  1823  in 
Maine.  He  is  a  missionary  to  Turkey, 
and  the  author  of  Little  Children  in  Eden; 
Letters  from  Eden;  Ten  Years  on  the  Eu 
phrates;  Odds  and  Ends;  and  Grace  Illus 
trated. 

WHEELER,  DANIEL  HILTON,  cler 
gyman,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  19,  1829,  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  is  a 
methodist' clergyman,  president  of  Alle 
gheny  college,  Meadville,  Pa.,  in  1883-87, 
and  the  author  of  Brigandage  in  South 
Italy;  By-Ways  of  Literature;  and  Our 
Industrial  Utopia  and  Its  Unhappy  Citi 
zens. 

WHEELER,  DORA,  artist,  was  born 
March  12,  1858,  in  Jamaica,  L.  I.  Though 
devoting  herself  mainly  to  decorative  de 
signing,  she  has  also  painted  several  pic 
tures.  Among  these  are  a  series  of  por 
traits  of  English  and  American  authors, 
including  Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich,  James 
Russell  Lowell,  Walt  Whitman,  Charles 
Dudley  Warner,  John  Burroughs,  Austin 
Dobson  and  Walter  Besant. 

WHEELER,  EDWARD  FRANCIS,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  in  1862,  in  Grafton,  Vt. 
He  attended  the  Dartmouth  college;  grad 
uated  from  Bowdoin 
college  in  1883;  from 
the  Hartford  Theo 
logical  seminary  in 
1889,  and  subsequent 
ly  took  a  post-grad 
uate  course  in  that 
institution.  In  1884- 
85  he  was  home  mis 
sionary  in  western 
Minnesota;  has  been 
pastor  of  the  Grace 
Union  church  of 
North  Wilbraham, 
Mass.;  and  is  now  pastor  of  the  congrega- 
t»onal  church  of  the  Redeemer,  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  has  been  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Missouri  State  associa 
tion  of  Congregational  Churches,  and  has 
contributed  extensively  to  church  litera 
ture. 

WHEELER,  EZRA,  lawyer,  jurist,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1820 
in  Shenango  county,  N.  Y.  In  1852  he 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  of  Wiscon 
sin,  and  in  1854  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
county  judge,  holding  the  same  for  eight 
years.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Wisconsin  to  the  thirty-eighth  con 
gress. 

WHEELER,  FRANK  W.,  ship-builder, 
congressman,  was  born  March  2,  1853,  in 
Chaumont,  N.  Y.  He  and  his  father  were 
engaged  extensively  in  ship-building  at 
the  bay  cities  in  1877,  and  the  yard  they 
established  has  grown  to  be  the  largest 
wood  ship-building  plant  in  the  United 
States.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican. 


WHEELER,  GEORGE  MONTAGUE, 
soldier,  civil  engineer,  was  born  Oct.  9, 
1842,  in  Grafton,  Mass.  In  1869  he  was 
sent  to  make  a  geographical  reconnois- 
sance  in  central  Nevada,  and  in  1871  he 
took  the  field  with  a  force  of  surveyors 
and  scientists.  His  organization  assumed 
•the  title  of  the  Geographical  survey  of 
the  territory  of  tjie  United  States  west  of 
the  one  hundredth  meridian,  of  which  he 
became  superintending  engineer. 

WHEELER,  GRATTAN  H.,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1831  to  1833;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  assembly  from  Steuben 
county  for  four  years;  and  was  one  year 
a  member  of  the  state  senate. 

WHEELER,  HAMILTON  K.,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 
5,  1848,  in  Ballston,  N.  Y.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  of  Illinois 
from  the  sixteenth  senatorial  district, 
and  on  the  organization  of  the  senate  he 
was  assigned  the  chairmanship  of  the 
committee  on  judicial  department.  He 
was  one  of  the  one  hundred  and  three  who 
took  an  active  part  in  the  famous  sena 
torial  contest  of  Illinois,  which  resulted  in 
the  election  of  General  Logan  to  the  Unit 
ed  States  senate.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  as  a  republican. 

WHEELER,  HARRISON  H.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  22,  1839,  in  Lapeer  county, 
Mich.  In  1870  he  was  elected  state  sena 
tor  for  Bay  and  adjoining  counties,  and 
re-elected  in  1872.  After  the  session  of  the 
legislature  in  1873  he  moved  to  Luding- 
ton,  Mich.,  and  was  appointed  circuit 
judge  in  1874  by  Governor  Bagley,  and  at 
the  first  election  thereafter  was  elected  to 
the  same  office  without  opposition.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress. 

WHEELER,  HENRY  NATHAN,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1850  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  formerly  an  instructor 
in  mathematics  at  Harvard  university  and 
now  engaged  in  educational  publishing 
work  in  Boston.  He  is  the  author  of 
Plane  and  Spherical  Trigonometry;  The 
Elements  of  Logarithms;  and  Second  Les 
sons  in  Arithmetic. 

WHEELER,  HOYT  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1833,  in 
Chesterfield,  N.  H.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Vermont  legislature  in  1867 
from  Jamaica;  a  state  senator  in  1868 
and  1869;  and  was  a  judge  of  the  state  su 
preme  court  from  1869  to  1877,  when  he 
was  appointed  United  States  district  judge 
for  the  district  of  Vermont.  He  removed 
to  Brattleboro  in  1884. 

WHEELER,  JOHN,  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1823  in  Darby,  Conn. 
He  entered  the  mercantile  business  in 
New  York  city;  subsequently  engaged  in 
hotel-keeping,  which  he  followed  at  the 
time  of  his  election  and  during  his  ser 
vice  as  a  member  of  congress.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1853  to  1857. 

WHEELER,  JOHN  HILL,  public  official, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1806,  in  Murfrees- 
boro,  N.  C.  He  entered  the  house  of  com 
mons  as  a  member  from  his  native  county, 
and  served  four  years  successively.  He 
was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  branch  mint  in  1836  at  Char 
lotte,  N.  C.,  and  in  1842  was  elected  trea 
surer  of  the  state  of  North  Carolina.  In 
1852  he  was  appointed  minister  resident 
to  the  Republic  of  Nicaragua.  He  was 
the  author  of  the  History  of  North  Caro 
lina;  Legislative  Manual  of  North 
Carolina;  and  Reminiscences  and  Memoirs 
of  North  Carolina.  He  died  Dec.  7,  1882, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 


998 


HKRR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WHEELER,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  10, 
1836,  in  Augusta,  Ga.  He  graduated  from 
West  Point  in  1859; 
was  lieutenant  of 
cavalry  and  served 
in  New  Mexico;  and 
resigned  in  1861.  He 
was  lieutenant  of  ar 
tillery  in  the  confed 
erate  army;  was  suc 
cessively  promoted 
to  the  command  of  a 
regiment,  brigade, 
division  and  army 
corps,  and  in  1862 
was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  army  corps  of  cavalry 
of  the  western  army,  continuing  in  that 
position  till  the  war  closed.  By  joint  res 
olution  of  the  confederate  congress  he  re 
ceived  the  thanks  of  that  body  for  suc 
cessful  military  operations,  and  for  the 
defense  of  the  city  of  Aiken  received  the 
thanks  of  the  state  of  South  Carolina.  In 
1864  he  became  the  senior  cavalry  general 
of  the  confederate  armies.  He  was  ap 
pointed  professor  of  philosophy,  Louisi 
ana  State  seminary  in  1866,  which  he  de 
clined.  He  was  lawyer  and  planter,  and 
was  elected  to  the  forty-seventh,  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second, 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat.  In  1898  he  was  commissioned 
a  brigadier-general  in  the  United  State's 
volunteer  army  raised  for  the  Cuban  war. 

WHEELER,  JUNIUS  BRUTUS,  civil 
engineer,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
21,  1830,  in  Murfreesboro,  N.  C.  He  was 
a  military  engineer,  professor  at  West 
Point  in  1866-85,  and  the  author  of  Civil 
Engineering;  Art  and  Science  of  War; 
Elements  of  Field  Fortifications;  and  Mili 
tary  Engineering.  He  died  July  15,  1886, 
in  Lenoir,  N.  C. 

WHEELER,  MRS.  MARY  SPARKES, 
lecturer,  author,  poet,  was  born  June  21, 
1835,  in  England.  She  is  the  author  of  the 
two  well-known  soldiers'  decoration 
hymns,  entitled  Peacefully  Rest;  and 
Scatter  Love's  Beautiful  Garlands  Above 
Them.  Her  poems  have  been  set  to  music 
by  Professor  Sweeney,  P.  P.  Bliss,  Kirk- 
patrick  and  others.  She  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  entitled  Poems  for  the  Fireside; 
Modern  Cosmogony  and  the  Bible;  and 
other  works. 

WHEELER,  NATHANIEL,  inventor, 
manufacturer,  state  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  7,  1820,  in  Watertown,  Conn.  In 
1850  he  made  the  ac 
quaintance  of  Allan 
B.  Wilson,  who  was 
engaged  in  perfect 
ing  a  sewing-ma 
chine,  but  needed  aid 
in  patenting  his  in 
vention  and  intro 
ducing  it  to  the  pub 
lic.  Wilson  induced 
Mr.  Wheeler  to  join 
in  that  .enterprise, 
and  in  1852  the  ma 
chine  was  patented 
in  the  firm-name  of  Wheeler  and  Wilson. 
In  1853  the  Wheeler  and  Wilson  Manu 
facturing  company  was  founded.  He  has 
served  six  sessions  in  the  senate  and 
house  of  the  Connecticut  legislature,  and 
has  taken  out  patents  for  various  inven 
tions  in  sewing-machines,  railway-cars, 
heating  and  ventilation  of  buildings,  and 
wood  finishing. 

WHEELER,  ORLANDO  BELINA,  civil 
engineer,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1835,  in  Lodi, 
Mich.  Since  1884  he  has  been  United 
States  assistant  engineer  under  the  Mis 


souri  river  commission.  His  writings, 
principally  reports,  have  appeared  in  the 
annual  volumes  of  the  chief  of  engineers 
of  the  United  States  army,  and  of  the 
superintendent  of  the  United  States  naval 
observatory. 

WHEELER,  WILLIAM  ADOLPHUS, 
librarian,  author,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1833, 
in  Leicester,  Mass.  He  was  a  librarian  of 
Boston  who,  besides  editing  an  edition 
of  vVebster's  Dictionary,  was  the  author  of 
Noted  Names  of  Fiction;  Familiar  Al 
lusions;  and  Who  Wrote  It?  a  literary 
index.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1874,  in  Roxbury. 
WHEELER,  WILLIAM  ALMON,  law 
yer,  banker,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  June  30,  1819,  in  Malone,  N.  Y. 
In  1850  and  1851  he 
was  elected  to  the 
New  York  state  leg 
islature,  and  in  1857 
and  1858  to  the  state 
senate.  In  1860  he 
was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  New 
York  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress.  He 
was,  for  many  years, 
engaged  in  the  bank 
ing  business,  and 
was  president  of  the 
Ogilensburg  and  Rouses'  Railroad  com 
pany.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  state 
constitutional  convention  of  1867,  and  was 
elected  its  president.  He  was  elected  to 
the  forty-first  and  three  succeeding  con 
gresses.  In  1876  he  was  elected  vice-pres 
ident  of  the  United  States,  and  served  the 
full  term  of  four  years.  He  died  June  4, 
1887,  in  New  York. 

WHEELOCK,  ELEAZAR,  founder  and 
first  president  of  Dartmouth  college,  was 
born  April  22,  1711,  in  Windham,  Conn. 
He  died  April  24,  1779. 

WHEELOCK,  GEORGE  ALEXANDER, 
lawyer,  naturalist,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1816, 
in  Winchester,  N.  H.  For  twenty-five 
years  he  has  been  chairman  of  the  school 
board  of  Keene,  N.  H.;  and  served  two 
years  in  the  state  legislature.  For  many 
years  he  was  president  of  Ashuelot  Na 
tional  bank;  and  is  commissioner  and 
donor  of  Wheelock  Park. 

WHEELOCK,  JOSEPH  A.,  journalist, 
was  born  Feb.  8,  1831,  in  Nova  Scotia. 
In  1860  and  1861  he  was  commissioner 
of  statistics  of  Minnesota.  In  the  latter 
year,  with  others,  he  founded  the  St. 
Paul  Press,  and  in  1862  became  its  ed 
itor.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  editor 
of  the  St.  Paul  Press  and  the  Pioneer 
Press  in  1871-75. 

WHEELWRIGHT,  JOHN  TYLER,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1856,  in 
Roxbury,  Mass.  He  is  a  Boston  lawyer, 
and  the  author  of  Rollo's  Journey  to 
Cambridge;  A  Child  of  the  Century,  a 
novel;  and  A  Bad  Penny. 

WHEILDON,  WILLIAM  WILLDER, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1805, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  journalist  of 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  in  1827-70,  and  long 
a  resident  of  Concord,  in  the  same  state. 
He  was  the  author  of  Letters  from  Na- 
hant;  Contributions  to  Thought;  New 
History  of  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill; 
The  Arctic  Regions;  and  Curiosities  of 
History.  He  died  in  1892. 

WHELAN,  JAMES,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  8,  1823,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a 
Roman  catholic  bishop  of  Nashville,  and 
the  author  of  Catena  Aurena,  or  Papal 
Infallibility  no  Novelty.  He  died  Feb. 
18,  1878,  in  Zanesville,  Ohio. 

WHELAN,  VINCENT,  bishop,  was  born 
Jan.  28,  1809,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1841 
he  was  consecrated  second  bisnop  of  Bal 
timore.  He  erected  a  cathedral  at  Wheel 


ing,  W.  Va.;  and  in  1850  was  made  first 
bishop  of  Wheeling.  He  died  July  7,  1874, 
in  Baltimore,  Md. 

WHELPLEY,  JAMES  DAVENPORT, 
physician,  journalist,  was  born  Jan.  23, 
1817,  in  New  York  city.  In  1847  he  re 
moved  to  New  York  city,  where  he  be 
came  editor  and  one  of  the  owners  of 
the  American  Whig  Review,  to  which  he 
had  been  a  contributor  since  1845.  He 
died  April  15,  1872,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WHELPLEY,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  ed 
ucator,  author,  was  born  in  1766,  in  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  baptist  clergy 
man  and  educator  of  New  Jersey.  He  was 
the  author  of  Letters  on  Capital  Punish 
ment;  a  once  popular  Compend  of  His 
tory;  and  The  Triangle,  a  theological  dis 
cussion.  He  died  July  14,  1817,  in  New 
York  city. 

WHIFFLE,  ABRAHAM,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Sept.  16,  1733,  in  Providence,  R. 
I.  In  1775  Rhode  Island  fitted  out  two 
armed  vessels,  and  he  was  put  in  command 
and  made  commodore;  and  he  fired  the 
first  gun  of  the  revolution  on  the  water. 
In  1779  he  captured  eight  prizes,  valued  at 
one  million  dollars.  He  died  May  2,  1819, 
in  Marietta,  Ohio. 

WHIFFLE,  EDWIN  PERCY,  essayist, 
critic,  author,  was  born  March  8,  1819,  in 
Gloucester,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  essay 
ist  and  critic,  whose  writing  was  as  dis 
criminating  as  it.  was  vigorous  and  epi 
grammatic  in  style.  He  was  the  author  of 
Character  and  Characteristic  Men;  Liter 
ature  and  Life;  Essays  and  Reviews;  Suc 
cess  and  Its  Conditions;  Literature  of  the 
Age  of  Elizabeth;  Recollections  of  Emi 
nent  Men,  with  Other  Papers;  American 
Literature,  and  Other  Papers;  Outlooks  on 
Society,  Literature,  and  Politics;  and  Ru- 
fus  Choate,  a  volume  of  personal  recol 
lections.  He  died  June  16,  1886,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass. 

WHIFFLE,  HENRY  BENJAMIN,  bish 
op  of  Minnesota,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1822, 
in  Adams,  N.  Y.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  private 
schools  of  New  York, 
and  studied  under 
Dr.  William  D.  Wil 
son  of  Cornell  uni 
versity.  In  1849  he 
was  ordained  dea 
con,  and  a  priest  in 
1850.  The  same  year 
he  became  rector  of 
Zion's  church.  New 
York.  He  was  rector 
of  the  Church  of  the 
Holy  Communion  in  Chicago  in  1857, 
where  he  remained  till  consecrated  bishop 
of  Minnesota  in  St.  James'  church,  Rich 
mond,  Va.,  in  1859.  In  1876  he  was  offered 
the  bishopric  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.  He 
is  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  the  Pea- 
body  education  fund.  He  built  the  cathe 
dral  of  the  Merciful  Saviour  in  Faribault, 
Minn.,  the  first  protestant  cathedral  built, 
in  America.  He  founded  and  built  the 
three  noble  educational  institutions  at 
Faribault,  Minn. — the  Seabury  Divinity 
school,  St.  Mary's  Hall  and  the  Shattuck 
Military  school.  Bishop  Whipple  has  de 
voted  much  of  his  life  to  the  evangeliza 
tion  of  the  Indians;  is  known  among  the 
Indians  as  Straight  Tongue,  and  is  called 
the  Apostle  to  the  Indians.  His  name  is 
well-known  In  England,  and  in  1888,  at 
the  Pan-Anglican  synod,  he  preached  the 
opening  sermon  at  Westminster  Abbey. 
He  was  present  at  the  Lambeth  confer 
ence  in  1897,  and  delivered  the  sermon  in  • 
connection  with  the  unveiling  of  the 
Tennyson  memorial  at  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
Bishop  Whipple  is  chaplain-general  of  the 
society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


999 


WHIPPLE,  JOHN  ADAMS,  inventor, 
was  born  Sept.  10,  1822,  in  Grafton,  Mass. 
He  prepared  his  plates  and  brought  out 
his  pictures  by  steam,  invented  crayon 
daguerreotypes,  and  crystalotypes,  or  dag 
uerreotypes  on  glass,  and,  with  the  aid 
of  the  fifteen-inch  equatorial  telescope  of 
the  Harvard  college  observatory,  under 
the  direction  of  Prof.  William  C.  Bond, 
took  a  daguerreotype  of  the  moon's  sur 
face,  for  which  he  was  complimented  by 
the  Royal  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences 
of  London,  and  in  1850  photographed  Al 
pha  Lyra. 

WHIPPLE,  SQUIRE,  civil  engineer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  16,  1804,  in  Worces 
ter  county,  Mass.  He  was  a  civil  engin 
eer  of  note,  and  the  author  of  The  Way 
to  Happiness;  Treatise  on  Bridge  Build 
ing;  and  The  Doctrine  of  Central  Forces. 
He  died  March  15,  1888,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 
WHIPPLE,  THOMAS,  physician,  con 
gressman.  He  served  the  state  of  New 
Hampshire  as  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1821  to  1829.  He  died  Jan.  23, 
1835,  in  Wentworth,  N.  H. 

WHIPPLE,  WILLIAM,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
Jan.  14,  1730,  in  Kittery,  Maine.  In  1775 
he  was  a  member  of  the  provincial  con 
gress,  and  in  1776  was  a  member  of  the 
provincial  council.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  New  Hampshire  to  the  continental 
congress  from  1776  to  1779,  and  was  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  declaration  of  inde 
pendence.  In  1777  he  entered  the  army, 
and  served  with  distinction  in  several 
campaigns,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general.  In  1782  he  was  appointed 
financial  receiver  for  New  Hampshire, 
serving  two  years,  when  he  resigned.  He 
also  held  the  offices  of  judge  of  the  su 
perior  court,  and  justice  of  the  peace  and 
quorum,  and  was  a  commissioner  on  be 
half  of  Connecticut  to  settle  the  land  dif 
ficulties  in  Wyoming  Valley.  He  died 
Nov.  28,  1785,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

WHIPPLE,  WILLIAM  DENISON,  sol 
dier,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1826,  in  Nelson,  N. 
Y.  In  1851  he  graduated  from  the  United 
States  Military  academy;  and  in  1865  at 
tained  the  rank  of  brevet  major-general 
in  the  regular  army. 

WHISTLER,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  May  19,  1800,  in 
Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  During  1834-37  he  was 
engaged  in  the  reproduction  of  a  locomo 
tive  for  the  Boston  and  Albany  railroad; 
and  subsequently  attained  success  in  the 
manufacture  of  improved  locomotives. 
He  died  April  7,  1849,  in  Russia. 

WHISTLER,  GEORGE  WILLIAM,  en 
gineer,  was  born  in  1822  in  New  London, 
Conn.  He  was  connected  with  various 
railroads  in  this  country,  and  was  super 
intendent  of  the  Erie,  and  New  York  and 
New  Haven  railroads.  In  the  winter  of 
1856  he  went  to  Russia  to  take  charge  of 
the  St.  Petersburg  and  Moscow  railroad 
under  the  Winans  contract.  He  died 
Dec.  24,  1869,  in  England. 

WHISTLER,  JAMES  ABBOTT  Mc- 
NEILL,  artist,  author,  was  born  in  1834  in 
Lowell,  Mass.  He  is  an  artist  who  from 
1863  to  1892  lived  in  London,  and  in  Paris 
from  the  latter  date.  He  is  the  author  of 
Ten  O'clock;  and  The  Gentle  Art  of  Mak 
ing  Enemies. 

WHITAKER,  ALEXANDER,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1585  in  England. 
He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  who  came 
to  Virginia  in  1611.  He  baptized  Poca- 
hontas,  and  officiated  at  her  wedding. 
He  was  the  author  of  Good  Newes  from 
Virginia,  one  of  the  very  first  books  writ 
ten  in  the  colony.  See  Tyler's  American 
Literature.  He  died  about  1613  in  Hen- 
rico  county,  Va. 


WHITAKER,  DANIEL  KIMBALL,  law 
yer,  journalist,  was  born  April  13,  1801,  in 
Sharon,  Conn.  He  removed  to  New  Or 
leans  in  1866,  where  he  founded  and  ed 
ited  for  many  years  the  New  Orleans 
Monthly  Review.  He  was  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  New  Orleans  Academy  of 
Sciences.  He  died  April  10,  1881,  in  New 
Orleans,  La. 

WHITAKER,  EPHER,  clergyman,  au- 
•thor,  was  born  March  27,  1820,  in  Fair- 
iield,  N.  J.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man,  pastor  at  Southold,  Long  Island, 
from  1851;  and  the  author  of  The  War 
of  Death;  New  Fruits  from  an  Old  Field; 
Ready  for  Duty;  Collection  of  Original 
Hymns;  History  of  Southold,  1640-1740; 
and  Old  Town  Records. 

WHITAKER,  HERSCHEL,  public  of 
ficial,  was  born  July  25,  1847,  in  Turin, 
N.  Y.  For  many  years  he  has  been  a  sten 
ographer  in  the  United  States  circuit 
and  district  courts,  eastern  district  of 
Michigan.  He  has  been  United  States 
commissioner;  United  States  examiner; 
member  of  the  board  of  education;  and 
Detroit  secretary  of  the  Michigan  fish 
commission.  For  eight  years  he  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Michigan  Fish  commission; 
and  has  been  twice  president  of  the 
American  Fisheries  society. 

WHITAKER,  LILY  C.,  poet,  was  born 
about  1850  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  She  con 
tributed  to  the  Southern  Quarterly,  under 
her  father's  direction,  and  has  written 
for  the  New  Orleans  press.  She  has  pub 
lished  Donata,  and  Other  Poems. 

WHITAKER,  MRS.  MARY  SCRIM- 
GEOUR  [FURMAN]  [MILLER],  author, 
poet,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1820,  in  Beaufort 
district,  S.  C.  She  is  a  New  Orleans  writ 
er;  and  the  author  of  Poems;  and  Al 
bert  Hasting,  a  novel. 

WHITAKER,  NATHANIEL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  23,  1732,  in  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  in  New  England  and  Virginia,  pop 
ular  in  the  colonial  period.  He  was  the 
author  of  Discourses  on  Reconciliation; 
and  Discourses  on  Toryism.  He  died  Jan. 
21,  1795,  in  Woodbridge,  Va. 

WHITAKER,  OZI  WILLIAM,  bishop 
of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  May  10,  1830, 
in  New  Salem,  Mass.  He  was  elected  mis 
sionary  bishop  of  Nevada  and  Arizona  by 
the  general  convention  in  New  York  in 
1868,  and  was  consecrated  in  St.  George's 
church,  New  York,  on  Oct.  13,  1869.  The 
bishop  was  elected  assistant  bishop  of 
Pennsylvania  in  June,  1886. 

WHITCHER,  MRS.  FRANCES  MIRIAM 
[BERRY],  humorist,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  1,  1811,  in  Whitestown,  N.  Y.  She  is 
a  still  popular  humorist  who  was  the  wife 
of  an  episcopal  clergyman  in  Elmira,  N. 
Y.;  and  the  author  of  The  Widow  Bedott 
Papers;  and  Widow  Spriggins,  and  Other 
Sketches.  She  died  Jan.  4,  1852,  in  Whites- 
town,  N.  Y. 

WHITCOMB,  JAMES,  lawyer,  United 
States  senator,  governor,  was  born  Dec. 
1,  1795,  in  Windsor,  Vt.  In  1826  he  was 
appointed  prosecuting  attorney  at  Bloom- 
ington,  Ind.;  and  in  1830  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  state  senate,  and  served 
five  years.  He  was  appointed  commis 
sioner  of  the  general  land  office  in  1836; 
and  in  1841  returned  to  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  In 
1843  he  was  chosen  governor  of  the  state; 
and  was  re-elected  in  1846.  In  1849  he  was 
elected  a  senator  of  the  United  States  for 
the  term  ending  in  1855.  He  died  Oct.  4, 
1852,  in  New  York  city. 

WHITE,  ADDISON,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Kentucky  from  1851 
to  1853. 


WHITE,  ALBERT  SMITH,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  24,  1803,  in  Blooming  Gro've,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Indiana  from  1837  to  1839;  and  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  1839  to  1845.  He 
was  president  of  the  Wabash  and  Indian 
apolis,  and  of  the  Lake  Erie,  Wabash 
and  St.  Louis  Railroad  companies.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Indiana 
to  the  thirty-seventh  congress.  After 
leaving  congress  he  was  appointed  a 
commissioner  to  settle  certain  claims 
against  the  Sioux  Indians;  and  in  1864 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  district  court 
of  Indiana.  He  died  Sept.  4,  1864,  in 
Stockwell,  Ind. 

WHITE,  ALEXANDER,  congressman, 
1  was  born  in  1738  in  Rappahannock  coun 
ty,  Va.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Virginia 
to  the  continental  congress  from  1786  to 
1788;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1789  to  1793.  He  died  in  Sep 
tember,  1804,  in  Woodville,  Va. 

WHITE,  ALEXANDER,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  16,  1816,  in  Franklin,  Tenn. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  thirty-second 
congress;  was  a  member  of  the  Alabama 
state  convention  of  1865;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  general  assembly  in  1872.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Ala 
bama  to  the  forty-third  congress;  and 
in  1875  was  appointed  an  associate  justice 
of  the  United  States  court  for  the  terri 
tory  of  Utah. 

WHITE,  ALEXANDER  CALDWELL, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  12, 
1833,  near  Kittanning,  Pa.  In  1867  he 
was  elected  district  attorney  of  Jefferson 
county;  and  in  1868  removed  to  Brook- 
ville,  the  county  seat.  In  1870  he  was  re- 
elected.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  republican. 

WHITE,  ALFRED,  stockman,  legislat 
or,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1857,  in  England.  In 
1876  he  emigrated  to  the  United  States, 
and  seven  years  later  settled  in  North 
Dakota.  He  is  a  successful  stock  dealer 
and  prominent  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state.  He  has  served 
with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  fifth 
assembly  of  the  North  Dakota  legislature. 
WHITE,  ALLISON,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1816,  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-fifth  con 
gress  from  the  fifteenth  congressional 
district  of  that  state. 

WHITE,  ANDREW  CURTIS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1854,  in  Kirk- 
land,  N.  Y.  For  four  years  he  was  in 
structor  in  Latin  and  Greek  in  the  Cor 
nell  university;  and  since  1889  has  been 
assistant  librarian  of  that  institution.  He 
is  the  author  of  Memoirs  of  Rhoderick 
White;  and  other  works. 

WHITE,  ANDREW  DICKSON,  educat 
or,  state  senator,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
7,  1832,  in  Homer,  N.  Y.  In  1857  he  was 
elected  professor  of  history  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan;  and  in  1862  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  New  York  state 
senate;  and  was  re-elected  in  1864.  In 
1867-85  he  was  president  of  the  Cornell 
university;  and  in  1871  was  one  of  the 
government  commissioners  to  St.  Domin 
go.  He  was  appointed  United  States  min 
ister  to  Germany  in  1879-81;  and  to  Rus 
sia  in  1892;  and  appointed  ambassador 
to  Germany  in  1897.  He  is  the  author  of 
Lectures  on  Medieval  and  Modern  His 
tory;  The  New  Germany;  History  of  the 
Doctrine  of  Comets;  European  Schools  of 
History  and  Politics;  Studies  in  General 
History;  Paper  Money  Inflation  in  France; 
and  The  Warfare  of  Science  with  The 
ology. 


1000 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WHITE,  BARTOW  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1825  to  1827. 

WHITE,  BENJAMIN,  agriculturist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  Maine.  During  the  years  1841  and 
1842  he  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  leg 
islature  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  that  state  from  1844  to  1845. 

WHITE,  BENJAMIN  F.,  banker,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1837,  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass.  This  successful  banker 
and  business  man  became  governor  of 
Montana  in  1889. 

WHITE,  CAMPBELL  P.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1829  to  1835;  and  also  took  a 
leading  part  in  the  New  York  convention 
of  1846.  He  died  Feb.  12,  1859. 

WHITE,  CARLOS,  author,  was  born  in 
1842  in  Vermont.  He  is  the  author  of 
Ecce  Femina,  an  Attempt  to  Solve  the 
Woman  Question. 

WHITE,  CATHERINE  ANN,  author, 
was  born  in  1825  in  New  York.  She  was  a 
former  superior  of  the  convent  of  the  Sac 
red  Heart,  New  York  city;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Students'  Mythology;  Clas 
sical  Literature;  and  Bible  Literature. 
She  died  in  1878. 

WHITE,  CHARLES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1795,  in  Randolph,  Vt. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  and 
educator,  president  of  Wabash  college, 
Crawfordsville,  Ind.,  in  1841-61;  and  the 
author  of  Essays  in  Literature  and  Ethics. 
He  died  Oct.  29,  1861,  in  Crawfordsville, 
Ind. 

WHITE,  CHARLES  ABIATHAR,  geolo 
gist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1826,  in 
North  Dighton,  Mass.  He  was  the  stale 
geologist  of  Iowa  in  1865-70,  and  on  the 
United  States  geological  survey  from  1882. 
He  is  the  author  of  Report  of  Iowa  Geo 
logical  Survey;  and  Physical  Geography 
of  Iowa. 

WHITE,  CHARLES  IGNATIUS,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1807  in  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  was  a  Roman  catholic  cler 
gyman  of  Washington,  long  pastor  of  St. 
Matthew's  church.  He  translated  from 
the  French  Chateau!))  land's  Genius  of 
Christianity;  and  other  works.  He  died 
April  1,  1877,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WHITE,  CHILTON  A.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
February,  1826,  in  Georgetown,  Ohio.  In 
1852  and  1853  he  was  prosecuting  attor 
ney  for  Brown  county;  and  in  1859  and 
1860  was  chosen  a  senator  in  the  state  leg 
islature.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress. 

WHITE,  DANIEL  APPLETON,  law 
yer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June 
7,  1776,  in  Lawrence,  Mass.  He  was  a 
jurist  of  Salem,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of 
The  Jurisdiction  of  the  Massachusetts 
Court  of  Probate;  New  England  Congre 
gationalism  in  Its  Origin  and  Purity;  and 
Eulogy  on  Nathaniel  Bowditch.  He  died 
March  30,  1861,  in  Salem,  Mass. 

WHITE,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman.  He  was  one  of  the  judges  of 
the  circuit  court  of  Kentucky;  and  rep're- 
sented  that  state  in  congress  from  1823 
to  1825.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1835,  in  Frank 
lin  county,  Ohio. 

WHITE,  EDWARD  D.,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  in  March,  1795,  in 
Tennessee.  He  was  governor  of  Louisiana 
from  1824  to  1830;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1829  to  1834,  and 
from  1839  to  1843.  He  died  April  18,  1847, 
in  New  Orleans.  I  .a. 


WHITE,  EDWARD  DONNELL,  educat 
or,  lecturer,  was  born  May  2,  1869,  in 
Monroe,  Tenn.  For  four  years  he  was 
president  of  the  Fiske  academy  of  Over- 
ton,  Tenn.;  and  for  several  years  was 
principal  of  the  Chickasaw  Male  academy 
of  Indian  territory.  He  is  a  successful 
educator,  and  a  brilliant  lecturer;  and 
has  contributed  extensively  to  current  lit 
erature. 

WHITE,  EDWARD  DOUGLAS,  a  native 
of  Tennessee,  became  governor  of  Louisi 
ana  in  1835.  In  1825  he  was  appointed 
associate  judge  of  New  Orleans;  was  three 
times  elected  to  the  lower  house  of  con 
gress;  and  served  his  state  as  governor 
with  marked  ability.  He  died  April  18, 
1847. 

WHITE,  EDWARD  DOUGLASS,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Nov.  3,  1845,  in  Lafourche  parish, 
La.  He  served  in  the  confederate  army. 
He  was  elected  state  senator  in  1874 ;  and 
was  appointed  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Louisiana  in  1878.  He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
democrat,  and  took  his  seat  March  4,  1891; 
while  serving  his  term  as  senator  from 
Louisiana  he  was  appointed  in  1894  an 
associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court. 

WHITE,  ELIZA  ORNE,  author,  was 
born  in  1856  in  New  Hampshire.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Brookline,  Mass.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Miss  Brooks;  When  Molly  Was 
Six,  a  juvenile  tale;  Winterborough;  A 
Little  Girl  of  Long  Ago;  and  The  Coming 
of  Theodora. 

WHITE,  MRS.  ELLEN  G.  [HARMON], 
author.  She  is  the  author  of  The  Spirit 
of  Prophecy. 

WHITE,  EMERSON  ELDRIDGE,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1829,  in 
Mantua,  Ohio.  He  is  superintendent  of 
the  Cincinnati  public  schools  from  1883; 
and  the  author  of  The  Elements  of  Peda 
gogy;  and  School  Management. 

WHITE,  FRANCIS,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Virginia  from  1813 
to  1815. 

WHITE,  FRANCIS  J.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  was  born  in  1842  in  New  York 
city.  At  one  period  of  the  war  he  was 
provost-marshal  and  judge  advocate-gen 
eral  in  central  Missouri,  and  in  the  clos 
ing  years  of  the  contest  he  was  governor 
of  the  eastern  shore  of  Maryland.  He 
was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  vol 
unteers  in  1865,  and  was  offered  a  cap 
taincy  in  the  regular  army,  which  he  de 
clined.  After  serving  a  short  time  in 
Texas  he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  studied 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  elected 
to  the  legislature.  He  died  Aug.  29,  1875, 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

WHITE,  FREDERICK  EDWARD,  sol 
dier,  farmer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1844  in  Prussia.  In  1857  he  emigrated  to 
the  United  States,  and  located  in  Keo- 
kuk  county,  Iowa.  He  served  gallantly 
through  the  war  in  the  famous  Crocker 
brigade.  He  subsequently  bought  a  farm 
of  forty  acres,  which  has  since  been  ex 
tended  to  more  than  four  hundred  acres, 
and  is  one  of  the  best  kept  farms  in  the 
state  of  Iowa.  In  1890  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  United  States  congress.  In 
1897  he  was  the  nominee  of  the  demo 
crats,  populists  and  free  silver  republicans 
for  governor  of  the  state  of  Iowa. 

WHITE,  GEORGE  E.,  soldier,  lumber 
merchant,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Iff  1848  in  Massachusetts.  He 
served  under  General  Grant  in  the  army 
of  the  Potomac,  from  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness  until  the  surrender  of  Gen 
eral  Lee.  He  is  head  of  the  extensive 


hardwood  lumber  firm  of  George  E.  White 
and  Co.  of  Chicago,  111.  He  has  served  as 
alderman  of  Chicago  and  as  state  senator. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

WHITE,  GEORGE  HENRY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1852,  in 
Rosendale,  N.  C.  He  was  principal  of  one 
of  the  state  normal  and  other  schools  in 
the  state.  He  was  elected  to  the  house 
of  representatives  in  1880  and  to  the  state 
senate  in  1884.  He  was  elected  solicitor 
and  prosecuting  attorney  for  the  second 
judicial  district  of  North  Carolina  tot 
four  years  in  1886,  and  for  a  like  term  in 
1890.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth 
congress  as  a  republican.  For  six  years  he 
was  grand  master  of  Masons  of  North 
Carolina. 

WHITE,  GEORGE  SAVAGE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  12,  1784,  in 
England.  He  was  the  author  of  Christian 
Memorial;  Containing  God's  Abundant 
Grace  and  Provincial  Kindness  to  the 
Author;  Memoir  of  Samuel  Slater;  and 
History  of  Manufactures.  He  died  March 
3,  1850. 

WHITE,  GEORGE  W.,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1858,  in 
Valparaiso,  Ind.  He  was  ordained  a 
clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church  in  Iowa;  has  filled  important  pas 
torates  in  the  southern  California  con 
ference;  and  is  presiding  elder  of  the  Los 
Angeles  district.  He  is  also  the  president 
of  the  university  of  Southern  California. 

WHITE,  GREENOUGH,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1863  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  professor  of  English  at 
the  university  of  the  South,  Sewanee, 
Tenn.,  in  1885-87,  and  professor  of  eccle 
siastical  history  and  polity  there  from 
1894.  He  is  the  author  of  Sketch  of  the 
Philosophy  of  American  Literature;  The 
Rise  of  Papal  Supremacy;  and  Outline  of 
the  Philosophy  of  English  Literature. 

WHITE,  HARRY,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1834, 
in  Indiana  county,  Pa.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  union  army  as  a  major,  and  served 
throughout  the  war,  attaining  the  rank  of 
colonel  and  brevet  brigadier-general. 
While  in  service  was  elected  a  state  sen 
ator  from  Pennsylvania,  and  served  dur 
ing  the  session  of  1862-63,  returning  to  his 
command  at  the  close  of  the  session.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  state  senate  for  three 
years  in  1865,  again  in  1868,  and  again  In 
1871,  serving  as  speaker  during  the  close 
of  the  latter  term.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses. 

WHITE,  HENRY,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  3,  1790,  in  Wilbraham, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Maine  and  New  Hampshire,  who 
published  The  Early  History  of  New  Eng 
land.  He  died  Dec.  8,  1858,  in  Garland, 
Maine. 

WHITE,  HENRY,  theologian,  was  born 
June  19,  1800,  in  Durham,  N.  Y.  He  found 
ed  the  Union  Theological  seminary  and 
was  elected  its  first  professor  of  syste 
matic  theology,  which  position  he  held 
until  his  death.  He  died  Aug.  25,  1850,  in 
New  York  city,  N.  Y. 

WHITE,  HENRY  CLAY,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Feb.  23,  1839,  in  Newburgh, 
Ohio.  He  Is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers 
of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he  is  judge  of 
the  probate  court. 

WHITE,  HENRY  CLAY,  chemist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1850,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  was  the  state  chemist  of  Georgia 
from  1880;  and  the  author  of  Complete 
History  of  the  Cotton  Plant;  and  Ele 
mentary  Geology  of  Tennessee. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1001 


WHITE,  HENRY  KIRKE,  lawyer,  was 
born  Feb.  14,  1864,  in  Afton,  Va.,  in  sight 
of  Stratford,  the  home  of  the  Lees,  and 
not  far  from  Wakefleld,  the  birthplace  of 
Washington.  He  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation  in  the  university  of  Texas,  and  in 
1887  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
Birmingham,  Ala.,  and  has  since  at 
tained  prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  the  south. 

WHITE,  HORACE,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  10,  1834,  in  Colebrook, 
N.  H.  He  was  editor  of  the  Chicago 
Tribune  in  1864-74,  and  since  1883  one  of 
the  editors  of  The  New  York  Evening 
Post.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Silver 
Question;  The  Tariff  Question;  Coin's 
Financial  Fool;  Money  and  Banking  Il 
lustrated  by  American  History;  and  The 
Gold  Standard. 

WHITE,  HORATIO  STEVENS,  educat 
or,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  23, 
1852,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  Since  1876  he 

has     been    professor 

,..•.  of  German   language 

^^•W  and     literature     and 

,,**  dean   of   the   faculty 

>  of  Cornell  university. 

HP  He  is  -the  author  of 

^  Lessing's   Prose  and 

other  works.  He 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  New  York 
state  as  attorney  in 
1878  and  as  counsel 
or  in  1879.  He  is  the 
author  of  Selections 
from  Heine's  Poems,  and  also  of  Selec 
tions  for  German  Prose  and  Composition. 

WHITE,  HOWARD  GANSON,  journal 
ist,  state  legislator,  was  born  May  5,  1856, 
in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  In  1883  he  became  ed 
itor  of  the  Syracuse  Standard;  and  in  1887 
became  sole  owner  of  it.  In  1889  he  was 
elected  to  the  New  York  legislature,  and 
re-elected  in  1890. 

WHITE,  HUGH,  soldier,  legislator,  was 
born  in  1737  in  Dauphin  county,  Pa.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  commissioners  of  Ly- 
coming  county,  and  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  assembly  in  1795,  1796,  and 
1803.  He  served  as  colonel  of  Pennsyl 
vania  troops  in  1812.  He  died  in  1822. 

WHITE,  HUGH,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1799  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  his  native  state 
from  1845  to  1851.  He  died  Oct.  6,  1870, 
in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

WHITE,  HUGH  LAWSON,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  30,  1773,  in  Iredell  county,  N.  C. 
In  1801  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the 
state  of  Tennessee, 
and  served  until 
1807;  and  in  1808 
was  appointed  dis 
trict  attorney.  In 
1809  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate; 
again  served  six 
years  in  the  supreme 
court  as  judge.  In 
1815  he  was  chosen 
president  of  the  state  bank  of  Ten 
nessee;  in  1820  he  was  again  a  member 
of  the  state  senate,  and  about  that 
time  was  appointed  a  commissioner 
to  adjust  the  claims  of  our  citizens 
against  Spain.  He  was  elected  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  1825  to  1835,  and 
from  1836  to  1840.  At  the  election  for 
president  of  the  United  States  in  1836  he 
received  all  the  votes  of  Georgia  and  Ten 
nessee  for  that  office.  He  died  April  10, 
i840,  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 


WHITE,  ISRAEL  CHARLES,  geologist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1848,  in  Monon- 
galia  county,  W.  Va.  He  was  called  to 
the  chair  of  geology  in  the  West  Virginia 
university  in  1877.  He  was  the  first  to  ap 
ply  the  anticlinal  idea  to  the  successful 
location  of  natural  gas  and  oil  wells,  and 
announced  his  theory  in  1885.  He  is  also 
the  author  of  nine  volumes  of  the  reports 
of  the  geological  survey  of  Pennsylvania. 

WHITE,  ISAAC  GUSHING,  clergyman. 
He  has  attained  success  as  one  of  the  most 
eminent  ministers  of  the  congregational 
church.  For  many  years  he  was  pastor 
of  Scotland  church  of  Bridgewater,  Mass.; 
then  at  Providence,  R.  I.;  and  now  in 
Plymouth,  Mass. 

WHITE,  JAMES,  merchant,  legislator, 
was  born  July  9,  1828,  in  Hinsdale,  Mass. 
For  twelve  years  he  was  the  senior  mem 
ber  of  the  firm  of  White.  Brown 
and  Co.,  dry  goods  importers  of  Bos 
ton  and  New  York.  In  1876-77  he 
was  one  of  Boston's  representatives 
in  the  state  legislature;  and  in  1878- 
79  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  He 
died  Sept.  3,  1895,  in  Williamstown,  Mass. 

WHITE,  JAMES,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1737  in  Iredell  county,  N.  C.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1792  to  1794.  He  died  in 
1815  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

WHITE,  JAMES,  author,  was  born  in 
1821.  He  is  a  seventh  day  adventist  elder 
who  published  Life  Incidents  of  the  Great 
Advent  Movement. 

WHITE,  JAMES  B.,  soldier,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  born  in  June, 
1835,  in  Scotland.  He  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  company  I,  thirtieth  Indiana  volun 
teers;  and  was  elected  captain  by  the 
company.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  common  council  of  the  city  of 
Fort  Wayne,  Ind.;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

WHITE,  JAMES  TERRY,  publisher,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  3,  1845,  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.  In  1886  he  came  to  New  York 
city,  and  is  now  the  head  of  the  pub 
lishing  house  of  James  T.  White  and  Co. 
He  is  also  president  of  the  Yost  Typewrit 
ing  Co.,  and  a  stockholder  in  several  of 
the  banks  and  business  corporations  of 
his  city.  He  is  the  author  of  two  holi- 
dayvolumes:  Flowers  from  Arcadia,  and  A 
Bouquet  of  California  Flowers;  Captiv* 
Memories:  and  Christmas  Greeting. 

WHITE,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  1677  in  Watertown,  Mass.  He  was 
a  congregational  clergyman,  pastor  at 
Gloucester,  Mass.,  in  1703-60;  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Gospel  Treasure  in  Earthen 
Vessels;  and  New  England's  Lamenta 
tions  for  the  Decay  of  Godliness.  He  died 
Jan.  17,  1760,  in  Gloucester,  Mass. 

WHITE,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1805  in  Kentucky. 
He  served  as  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1835  to  1845;  and 
was  speaker  of  the  house  during  the  twen 
ty-seventh  congress.  He  was  judge  of 
the  nineteenth  judicial  district  of  Ken- 
tucKy  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  died 
Sept.  22,  1845,  in  Richmond,  Ky. 

WHITE,  JOHN  BLAKE,  artist,  lawyer, 
dramatist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1781, 
near  Eutaw  Springs,  S.  C.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Foscari;  Mysteries  of  the  Castle; 
Intemperance;  Modern  Honor;  and  Tri 
umph  of  Liberty.  He  died  Aug.  24,  1859, 
in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

WHITE,  JOHN  D.,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  16, 
1849,  in  Clay  county,  Ky.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  was 
again  elected  a  representative  to  the  forty- 
seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses. 


WHITE,  JOHN  HAZEN,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  March  10,  1849,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  He  is  episcopal  bishop  of  Indiana 
at  Indianapolis;  and  has  published  nu 
merous  sermons  and  addresses. 

WHITK,  JOHN  SILAS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  3,  1847,  in  Wrentham,  Mass. 
He  is  an  educator  of  New  York  city,  mas 
ter  of  the  Berkeley  school  from  1880;  and 
the  author  of  Boys'  and  Girls'  Plutarch; 
and  Herodotus  and  Pliny. 

WHITE,  JOHN  STAPLES,  lawyer,  lec 
turer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1838,  in 
Portland,  Maine.  He  is  the  author  of 
Humanics,  a  philosophical  and  conserva 
tive  criticism  on  men  and  manners;  and 
much  other  literary  matter — social,  politi 
cal  and  religious.  A  lawyer  by  profession, 
he  has  attained  a  wide  reputation  as  an 
able  and  progressive  writer  and  thinker. 

WHITE,  JOHN  WILLIAMS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  March  5,  1849,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  a  professor  of  Greek 
at  Harvard  university  from  1877;  and  the 
author  of  Greek  and  Latin  at  Sight;  First 
Lessons  in  Greek;  The  Beginner's  Greek 
Book;  and  An  Illustrated  Dictionary  to 
Xenophon's  Anabasis. 

WHITE,  JOSEPH  L.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Indiana  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died  in 
January,  1861. 

WHITE,  JOSEPH  M.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  10,  1781,  in  Franklin 
county,  Ky.  He  was  a  delegate  to  con 
gress  from  the  territory  of  Florida  from 
1823  to  1837.  He  died  Oct.  19,  1839,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

WHITE,  JOSEPH  W.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1822,  in  Cambridge, 
Ohio.  In  1845  and  1847  he  was  appointed 
prosecuting  attorney  for  his  native  coun 
ty;  and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress. 

WHITE,  JULIUS,  soldier,  was  born 
Sept.  29,  1816,  in  Cazenovia,  N.  Y.  He 
served  as  a  general  in  the  volunteer  army 
during  the  rebellion;  and  in  1872  he  was 
appointed  minister  resident  to  the  Argen 
tine  Confederation.  He  resigned  in  1874, 
after  which  he  settled  in  Chicago,  111.  He 
died  May  12,  1890,  in  South  Evanston,  111. 

WHITE,  LEONARD,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1767  in  Haver- 
hill,  Mass.  He  represented  his.  town  in 
the  legislature;  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1811  to  1813.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1849,  in 
Haverhill,  Mass. 

WHITE,  MATTHEW,  author.  He  is  the 
author  of  Ascott  Abroad;  One  of  the  Pro 
fession;  and  My  Mysterious  Fortune. 

WHITE,  MICHAEL  D.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1827,  in  Clarke 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  prosecuting 
attorney  in  1854,  serving  two  years.  He 
was  state  senator  for  four  years  from 
1860;  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  forty-fifth  congress. 

WHITE,  MILO,  merchant,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1830,  in 
Fletcher,  Vt.  He  engaged  in  merchandis 
ing  in  Chatfield,  Minn.;  and  was  elected 
a  state  senator  in  1871,  1872,  1874  and  1880. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Min 
nesota  to  the  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

WHITE,  MOSES  CLARK,  missionary, 
physician,  author,  was  born  July  24,  1819, 
in  Paris,  N.  Y.  During  1847-53  he  was  a 
missionary  in  China.  He  then  established 
himself  as  a  physician  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  In  1857-67  he  filled  the  chair  of 
microscopy  in  Yale  college.  He  is  the 
author  of  several  medical  works. 


1002 


HERR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WHITE,  OCTAVIUS  AUGUSTUS,   phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1826,  in 
Charleston.     He  first  introduced  the  prac 
tice  of  superficial  in- 

••••^••••B  cisions  within  the  os 
uteri  for  the  relief  of 
stenotic  dysmenor- 
rhoea.  He  also  in 
vented  the  hyster- 
otome.an  instrument 
for  practicing  safe 
incision  within  the 
neck  of  the  womb; 
also  novel  instru 
ments  for  the  cure  of 
hernia  and  varico- 
cele,  and  a  new  form 
of  laryngoscope.  He  is  the  author  of  Re 
port  on  the  Yellow  Fever  Epidemic  of 
Wilmington,  N.  C.;  Varicocele  and  Its 
Radical  Cure;  Report  on  the  Yellow  Fever 
Epidemic  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

WHITE,  PETER,  lawyer,  banker,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1830,  in  Rome, 
N.  Y.  For  several  years  he  lived  in  Mac- 
kinac  and  Detroit, 
and  in  1849  moved 
to  Marquette,  then 
called  Worcester, 
and  has  resided  there 
continuously  since. 
In  1852  he  embarked 
in  business  for  him 
self  as  general  store 
keeper  and  private 
banker.  The  store 
business  was 
dropped,  but  an  in 
surance  agency  was 

added;  and  in  1863  he  incorporated  his 
bank  as  the  First  National  bank,  of  which 
he  is  president  to  this  day.  He  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  various  manu 
facturing  and  mining  corporations.  Dur 
ing  the  war  he  raised  company  B,  first 
regiment  Michigan  cavalry,  and  was  elect 
ed  its  captain.  He  has  held  several  fed 
eral  and  state  appointments;  was  post 
master  in  1851;  and  has  been  collector  of 
customs  and  register  of  the  land  office. 
In  1857  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
Michigan  state  legislature;  and  in  187o 
he  served  with  distinction  as  a  state  sen 
ator.  He  has  been  prominently  identi 
fied  with  the  public  interests  of  Marquette, 
and  the  public  library  called  by  his 
name  is  in  a  building  given  by  him,  and 
several  thousand  books  were  donated  by 
him  to  begin  it.  He  has  been  a  special 
master  in  chancery  in  United  States 
courts'  matters  where  millions  were  in 
volved;  has  been  a  lawyer  for  ten  years 
and  a  banker  for  forty  years. 

WHITE,  PHILLIPS,  congressman,  was 
born  about  1730  in  New  Hampshire.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  New  Hampshire  to 
the  continental  congress  in  1782  and  1783. 
He  died  about  1783  in  New  Hampshire. 

WHITE,  PHINEAS,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1770  in 
Hampshire  county,  Mass.  He  was  register 
of  probate  in  the  town  of  Pomfret,  Vt., 
from  1800  to  1809;  and  was  county  at 
torney  in  1813.  He  served  eight  years  in 
the  state  legislature;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Vermont  from 
1821  to  1823.  He  died  in  1847. 

WHITE,  PLINY  HOLTON,  clergyman, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1822,  in 
Springfield,  Conn.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman  of  Coventry,  Vt.,  but  prior  to 
1859  a  lawyer  there;  and  was  the  author  of 
History  of  Coventry.  He  died  April  24, 
1869,  in  Coventry,  Vt. 

WHITE,  RICHARD  EDWARD,  poet, 
was  born  in  1843  in  Ireland.  He  is  a 
writer  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  and  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  The 
Cross  of  Monterey. 


WHITE,  RICHARD  GRANT,  scholar, 
author,  poet,  was  born  May  22,  1821,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  an  eminent 
Shakespearean  scholar  of  New  York  city. 
His  critical  twelve-volume  edition  of 
Shakespeare  appeared  in  1865,  and  the 
Riverside  edition  in  1883.  His  original 
works  comprise  Words  and  Their  Uses; 
Every-Day  English;  England  Without 
and  Within;  Biographical  and  Critical 
Handbook  of  Christian  Art;  Shake 
speare's  Scholar;  Memoirs  of  Shakespeare; 
Studies  in  Shakespeare;  The  New  Gospel 
of  Peace,  a  political  satire;  Revelations: 
a  Companion  to  The  New  Gospel  of  Peace; 
The  Fate  of  Mansfield  Humphreys,  a 
novel;  The  Fall  of  Man,  or  the  Loves  of 
the  Gorillas;  The  American  View  of  the 
Copyright  Question;  and  The  Chronicles 
of  Gotham.  He  died  April  8,  1885,  in  New 
York  city. 

WHITE,  MRS.  RHODA  ELIZABETH 
[WATERMAN],  author,  was  born  in  18—, 
She  is  the  author  of  Portraits  of  My 
Married  Friends;  From  Infancy  to  Wom 
anhood,  a  Book  for  Young  Mothers;  and 
What  Will  the  World  Say?  a  novel. 

WHITE,  ROBERT  GRAY,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  Jan.  21, 1807,  in  Selin's  Grove, 
Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1838,  treasurer 
of  Tioga  county  in  1841  and  1843,  and 
elected  president  judge  of  the  fourth  ju 
dicial  district  of  Pennsylvania  in  1851  and 
1861,  retiring  in  1871.  He  died  Sept.  6, 
1875,  in  Millsboro,  Pa. 

WHITE,  RUFUS  A.,  clergyman,  reform 
er,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1857,  in  Franklin, 
Pa.  He  was  fitted  for  college  at  the  col 
legiate  institute  of  Towanda,  Pa.;  entered 
Tuft's  college  in  1879;  spent  six  years  in 
the  Divinity  school  and  department  of 
letters;  and  subsequently  traveled  ex 
tensively  in  Europe.  For  eight  years  he 
was  pastor  of  the  Universalist  church  of 
Newton,  Mass.;  and  since  1892  he  has 
been  pastor  of  the  Stewart  Avenue  Uni 
versalist  church  of  Chicago,  111.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  school  board  and 
president  of  associated  charities.  He  has 
been  actively  connected  with  the  Civic 
Federation;  and  organized  the  Chicago 
penny  savings  system,  of  which  he  is 
chairman.  He  is  one  of  the  editors  of 
The  New  Unity,  the  organ  of  the  liberal 
congress  of  religion;  and  contributes  ex 
tensively  to  current  literature. 
'WHITE,  SAMUEL,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  1770  in  Wilmington,  Del. 
He  was  a  United  States  senator  from  Dela 
ware  from  1801  until  his  death.  He  died 
Nov.  4,  1800,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

WHITE,  MRS.  SARAH  ELIZABETH 
[JOY],  journalist,  author,  was  born  in 
18 —  in  Maine.  She  is  a  Boston  journal 
ist;  and  the  author  of  Housekeepers  and 
Homemakers;  and  Business  Openings  for 
Girls. 

WHITE,  SHUBBEL  F.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
legislator,  jurist,  was  born  June  17,  1841, 
in  Marshall,  Mich.  He  attended  Olivet  col 
lege;  graduated  in  1864  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Michigan;  and  from  the  Albany 
Law  school  three  years  later.  During  the 
war  he  was  captain  of  company  A,  twen 
ty-eighth  regiment  Michigan  volunteer 
infantry.  In  1873-74  he  was  circuit  judge; 
and  in  1883  served  with  distinction  as 
state  senator  in  the  Michigan  state  legis 
lature.  He  is  now  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Minnesota  at  Duluth;  and 
takes  a  prominent  part  in  public  and  polit 
ical  affairs. 

WHITE,  STEPHEN  MALLORY,  law 
yer,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan. 
19,  1853,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  In  1874 
he  commenced  practicing  law  in  IMS  An 
geles  county,  Cal.,  where  he  has  since  re 
sided;  and  in  1882  he  was  elected  district 
attorney  of  his  county.  In  1886  he  was 


elected  to  the  state  senate  for  the  term  of 
four  years,  and  was  chosen  president  pro 
tempore  of  the  senate  during  both  sessions 
of  his  incumbency.  In  1888  he  discharged 
the  functions  of  lieutenant-governor.  He 
was  also  a  delegate-at-large  to  the  nation 
al  convention  in  1892.  He  took  his  seat  as 
United  States  senator  March  4,  1893.  His 
term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1899. 
WHITE,  STEPHEN  VAN  GULEN,  law 
yer,  banker,  broker,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  1,  1831,  in  Chatham  county, 
N.  C.  In  1856  he  moved  to  Des  Moines, 
Iowa,  where  he  was  actively  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law  till  1865,  when  he  re 
moved  to  New  York  city.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  New  York  stock  exchange, 
and  has  been  engaged  as  banker  and 
broker  ever  since.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

WHITE,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  bishop, 
author,  was  born  April  4,  1748,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  the  first  protestant 
episcopal  bishop  of 
Pennsylvania;  and 
for  nearly  sixty 
years  he  ruled  his 
growing  diocese,  and 
for  forty  years  was 
senior  and  presiding 
_  bishop;  and  the  au- 
I  thor  of  Memoir  of 
the  Episcopal 
Church;  Lectures  on 
the  Catechism;  and 
Comparative  View  of 
the  Controversy  Be 
tween  Calvinists  and  Arminians.  He  died 
July  17,  1836,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WHITE,  WILLIAM  ALLEN,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  in  1868  in  Emporia,  Kan. 
He  is  now  editor  and  owner  of  the  Em 
poria  Gazette  in  Emporia,  Kan.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Real  Issue;  and  also  a 
clever  book  of  Kansas  Stories. 

WHITE,  WILLIAM  CHARLES,  lawyer, 
dramatist,  author,  was  born  in  1777  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  and 
dramatist  of  Worcester,  Mass.;  and  the 
author  of  The  Country  Cousin;  The  Poor 
Lodger;  and  Compendium  of  the  Laws  of 
Massachusetts.  He  died  May  2,  1818,  in 
Worcester,  Mass. 

WHITE,  WILLIAM  J.,  agriculturist, 
banker,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  7,  1850,  in  Canada.  He  owns 
large  vessel  interests,  and  is  interested 
largely  in  banking,  farming,  stock-raising, 
and  various  other  business  enterprises. 
He  was  elected  mayor  of  West  Cleveland 
as  a  republican  in  1889;  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  republican. 
WHITE,  WILLIAM  JONES,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1842,  in  War- 
renton,  N.  C.  Since  1885  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Warrenton  railroad  at 
Warrenton,  N.  C. 

WHITE,  WILLIAM  N.,  bookseller,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1819  in  Walton,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  bookseller  of  Athens,  Ga.,  who 
edited  The  Southern  Cultivator.  He  was 
the  author  of  Gardening  for  the  South; 
and  Scientific  Gardening.  He  died  July 
9,  1867,  in  Athens,  Ga. 

WHITEAKER,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  governor,  was  born  May  4, 
1820,  in  Dearborn  county,  Ind.  He  was 
elected  a  judge  of  probate  in  1855;  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  territorial  legislature  in 
1857;  and  governor  of  the  new  state  of 
Oregon  in  1858,  holding  that  office  until 
1862.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1866;  re-elected 
in  1868,  and  was  made  speaker;  and  again 
re-elected  in  1870.  In  1876  he  was  elected 
state  senator  for  four  years;  and  was 
president  of  the  senate  in  1876  and  1878. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from  Ore 
gon  to  the  forty-sixth  congress. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1003 


WHITEPIELD,  HENRY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1597  in  England.  He 
was  a  puritan  clergyman  who  came  to 
New  England  in  1637,  and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  New  Haven  colony.  He 
returned  to  England  in  1650.  He  was  the 
author  of  Helps  to  Stir  Up  to  Christian 
Duties;  The  Light  Appearing;  and 
Strength  Out  of  Weakness.  He  died  about 
1651  in  Winchester,  England. 

WHITEFIELD,  J.  W.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  the  territory  of  Kansas  to  the 
thirty-fourth  congress. 

WHITEFIELD,  JAMES,  soldier,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  in  Georgia.  He  moved 
to  Mississippi  at  an  early  day;  served  as 
a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812;  and  also  in 
the  Creek  war.  He  was  governor  of  Mis 
sissippi  from  1851  to  1852.  During  the  late 
rebellion  he  acted  as  funding  agent  for 
the  confederate  government.  He  died 
June  30,  1875,  in  Columbus,  Ga. 

WH1TEHEAD,  CHARLES  E.,  railroad 
president,  was  born  in  1830  in  New  York 
city.  Since  1887  he  has  been  president  of 
the  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio 
railroad  at  New  York  city. 

WHITEHEAD,  CHARLES  EDWARD, 
author,  was  born  in  1829  in  New  York. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Campflres  of  the 
Everglades,  or  Wild  Sports  in  the  South. 
WHITEHEAD,  CORTLANDT,  bishop  of 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1842,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  elected  bishop  of 
Pittsburg  in  October,  1881,  and  was  con 
secrated  in  Trinity  church,  Pittsburg,  on 
Jan.  25,  1882. 

WHITEHEAD,  JAMES  MADISON,  sol 
dier,  editor,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  21, 
1839,  in  Houston  county,  Ga.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army,  and  lost  a  leg 
at  Seven  Days  Mound,  near  Richmond. 
Since  1860  he  has  been  editor  of  fifteen 
different  papers,  and  as  a  writer  is 
humorous  and  particularly  strong  in  sa 
tire.  He  is  an  advanced  populist,  an  able 
platform  speaker,  and  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Greenville,  Ala. 

WHITEHEAD,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1819  in  Jersey,  Ohio.  In  1857 
he  was  elected  United  States  circuit  court 
commissioner  for  the  district  of  New 
Jersey. 

WHITEHEAD,  JOHN  M.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  was  born  July  29,  1852,  near 
Hillsboro,  111.  Since  1883  he  has  practiced 
law  in  Janesville,  Wis.;  and  in  1896  was 
elected  to  the  Wisconsin  state  senate. 

WHITEHEAD,  THOMAS,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  27,  1825,  in  Clifton,  N.  J. 
He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in 
1865,  but  did  not  qualify;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  in  the  Virginia  legisla 
ture  for  Amherst  county  in  1866.  He  was 
re-elected  in  1869;  resigned  in  1873;  and 
in  1872  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Virginia  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

WHITEHEAD,  WILLIAM  ADEE,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  19,  1810,  in  Newark, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  prominent  citizen  of 
Newark,  N.  J.;  and  the  author  of  Bio 
graphical  Sketch  of  William  Franklin; 
Contributions  to  the  Early  History  of 
Perth  Amboy;  and  East  Jersey  Under  the 
Proprietary  Governments.  He  died  Aug. 
8,  1884,  in  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J. 

WHITEHILL,  ALEXANDER  REID,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1850,  in  Hooks- 
town,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Princeton  college,  N.  J.;  the  School  of 
Mines  of  Freiberg,  Saxony;  and  the  uni 
versity  of  Leipsic.  For  four  years  he  was 
professor  of  physical  sciences  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Mound  College,  San  Francisco. 
Cal.;  and  for  four  years  was  principal  of 
the  Lindsly  institute  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 


For  the  past  twelve  years  he  has  filled  the 
chair  of  chemistry  in  the  West  Virginia 
university,  of  which  institution  he  is  also 
treasurer.  He  has  traveled  extensively  in 
America  and  Europe,  and  has  contributed 
valuable  articles  to  current  literature. 

WHITEHILL,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  in  1813 
and  1814;  and  was  judge  of  a  county  court 
and  a  general  of  militia.  He  died  March 
5,  1822,  in  Strasburg,  Pa. 

WHITEHILL,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1721.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1803 
to  1807.  He  died  in  1815. 

WHITEHILL,  ROBERT,  congressman, 
was  born  July  29,  1738,  in  Pequea,  Pa. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1805  to  1813.  He  died 
April  8,  1813,  in  Lauther  Manor,  Pa. 

WHITEHOUSE,  HENRY  JOHN,  bishop, 
was  born  Aug.  19,  1803,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  rector  of  St.  Thomas's  church  of 
New  York  city,  from  1844  till  1851,  when 
he  was  made  a  bishop.  He  died  Aug.  10, 
1874,  in  Chicago,  111. 

WHITEHOUSE,  JAMES  HORTON,  de 
signer,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1833,  in  Eng 
land.  Many  of  the  best-known  art-pieces 
of  silver-ware  that  have  been  produced 
in  this  country  were  designed  by  him, 
among  them  the  Bryant  vase,  which  was 
presented  to  the  poet  on  his  eightieth 
birthday,  and  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Metro 
politan  museum  of  Art  of  New  York  city. 
WHITEHOUSE,  JOHN  0.,  merchant, 
manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
July  19,  1817,  in  Rochester,  N.  H.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.,  to  the  forty-third  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress. 

WHITEHOUSE,  WILLIAM  PENN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  April  9,  1842,  in 
Kennebec  county,  Maine.  This  eminent 
lawyer  was  for  twelve  years  judge  of  the 
supreme  judicial  court. 

WHITELAW,  R.  J.,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  30,  1854,  in  Essex  county,  Va. 
In  1859  he  moved  to  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress 
as  a  democrat  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

WHITELEY,  MRS.  ISABEL  [NIXON], 
author,  was  born  in  1850  in  New  York. 
She  is  a  Philadelphia  writer;  and  the 
author  of  The  Falcon  of  Langeac. 

WHITELEY,  JOHN,  was  born  April  5, 
1819,  in  England.  He  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1842;  moved  to  St. 
Charles,  111.,  the  following  year;  and  sub 
sequently  settled  in  Shirley,  Mass.,  where 
for  many  years  he  has  been  a  successful 
manufacturer.  He  has  been  elder  and 
trustee  of  Shirley  and  Harvard,  Mass.; 
and  is  now  elder  and  trustee  of  the  Unit 
ed  society. 

WHITELEY,  RICHARD  HENRY,  sol 
dier,  manufacturer,  lawyer,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Dec.  22, 
1830,  in  Ireland.  He  was  appointed  soli 
citor-general  of  the  southwestern  circuit 
of  Georgia  in  1868.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
United  States  senator  for  the  term  ending 
in  1871.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-first, 
forty-second,  and  forty-third  congresses. 
WHITELEY,  WILLIAM  G.,  lawyer, 
jurist  congressman,  was  born  in  1819  in 
Newark,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  from  Del 
aware  a  member  of  the  thirty-fifth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
sixth  congress.  In  1872  he  was  appointed 
prothonotary  of  the  supreme  court  of  New 
Castle  county;  and  in  1875  was  elected 
mayor  of  Wilmington,  Del.  In  1884  he 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  circuit  court. 
He  died  April  23,  1886. 


WHITES1DE,  JENKINS,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1782,  in  Lancaster, 
Pa.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
Tennessee,  from  1809  to  1811.  He  died 
Sept.  25,  1822,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

WHITESIDE,  JOHN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1815  to  1819. 

WHITFIELD,  ROBERT  PARR,  paleon 
tologist,  author,  was  born  May  27,  1828, 
in  New  Hartford,  N.  Y.  In  1877  he  was 
appointed  curator  of  the  geological  de 
partment  of  the  American  museum  of  Nat 
ural  History  in  New  York  city.  He  is 
the  author  of  thirty  memoirs,  which  have 
appeared  in  the  Bulletins  of  the  Ameri 
can  museum  of  Natural  History. 

WHITFORD,  WILLIAM  CLARKE,  ed 
ucator,     legislator,     clergyman,      college 
president,  was  born  May  5,  1828,  in  Ed- 
meston,    N.   Y.      He 
received  his     educa 
tion  at     the   Brook- 
ville     academy,     De- 
Ruyter  institute,  the 
Union       college       of 
Schenectady,  and  the 
Theological         semi 
nary   of  New     York 
city.     He     has    been 
successfully  engaged 
in  educational  work; 
has   been     president 
of  Milton  college  for 
the  past  forty  years;  and  served  with  dis 
tinction  as   a  member   of   the   Wisconsin 
state  legislature.     He  has  been  president 
of   the  Wisconsin   Teachers'   association; 
and  for  four  years  was  state  superintend 
ent  of  public  instruction.     For  nine  years 
he  was  regent  of  the  state  normal  schools 
of  Wisconsin;  and  for  four  years  was  ed 
itor  of  the  Wisconsin  Journal  of  Educa 
tion.     He  has  attained  success  as  an  emi 
nent   clergyman,    and   has     been    promi 
nently  identified     with  the     seventh-day 
baptist  church. 

WHITING,  CHARLES  GOODRICH, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1842  in 
St.  Albans,  Vt.  He  is  a  journalist  of 
Springfield,  Mass.,  on  the  editorial  staff 
of  The  Republican;  and  the  author  of  The 
Saunterer:  Essays  on  Nature. 

WHITING,  GEORGE  ELBRIDGE,  mu 
sician,  composer,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1842, 
in  Holliston,  Mass.  In  1878  he  became  or 
ganist  of  the  Music  hall  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  and  head  of  the  organ  department 
in  the  college  of  Music,  but  after  five 
years  he  returned  to  his  old  post  in  the 
New  England  conservatory.  His  compo 
sitions  include  a  mass  in  C  minor;  a 
mass  in  F  minor;  Dream  Pictures;  The 
Tale  of  the  Viking;  and  Leonora.  He  has 
also  composed  music  for  the  organ,  and 
has  published  The  Organist;  and  The 
First  Six  Months  on  the  Organ. 

WHITING,  HARVEY  A.,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1833,  in  Pittsburg, 
Mass.  Since  1884  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Monson  railroad  at  Wilton,  N.  H. 

WHITING,  HENRY,  soldier,  author, 
was  born  about  1790  in  Lancaster,  Mass. 
He  was  a  United  States  army  officer;  and 
the  author  of  Otway,  the  Son  of  the  For 
est,  a  Poem;  Sanilse,  a  Poem;  The  Age 
of  Steam;  and  Life  of  Zebulon  Pike,  in 
Sparks's  American  Biography.  He  died 
Sept.  16,  1851,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

WHITING,  JUSTIN  RICE,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  18, 
1847,  in  Bath,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  merchant 
and  manufacturer;  and  was  elected  mayor 
of  St.  Clair  in  1879.  He  was  elected  state 
senator  in  1882;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  and  fifty- 
third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 


1004 


J1ERRTNGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WHITING,  LILIAN,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  about  1850  in  New  York.  She  is 
a  Boston  journalist;  and  the  author  of 
From  Dreamland  Sent,  a  volume  of  verse; 
The  World  Beautiful,  two  collections  of 
essays;  and  After  Her  Death:  The  Story 
of  a  Summer. 

WHITING,  MARTHA,  one  of  the  pio 
neers  of  female  education  in  America,  was 
born  Feb.  27,  1795,  in  Hingham,  Mass. 
She  founded  the  Charleston  Female  semi 
nary,  where  some  of  the  noted  women  of 
America  have  been  finely  educated,  promi 
nent  among  whom  are  Mary  A.  Liver- 
more  and  Abbie  R.  Knight.  She  died 
Aug.  22,  1853,  in  Hingham,  Mass. 

WHITING,  RICHARD  H.,  soldier,  mer 
chant,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1826, 
in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  engaged  in  busi 
ness  as  a  merchant  in  Illinois;  served 
as  paymaster  in  the  federal  army  during 
the  civil  war;  and  in  1870  was  appointed 
assessor.  He  was  collector  of  the  fifth 
collection  district  of  Illinois,  which  posi 
tion  he  held  until  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Illinois  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

WHITING,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1597,  in  England. 
He  was  a  puritan  clergyman,  pastor  at 
Lynn.  Mass.,  in  1636-79;  and  the  author  of 
Oratio  quam  Comitijs  Cantab.  Ameri- 
canis,  etc.;  The  Last  Judgment;  and  Ab 
raham  Interceding  for  Sodom.  He  died 
Dec.  11,  1679,  in  Lynn,  Mass. 

WHITING,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  March  3,  1813,  in  Con 
cord,  Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  jurist 
whose  chief  work,  The  War  Powers  of 
the  President  and  the  Legislative  Powers 
of  Congress,  has  been  widely  read.  He 
died  June  29,  1873,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WHITING,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer, 
banker,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  24,  1841,  in  Dudley,  Mass.  In 
1865  he  organized  the  Whiting  Paper  com 
pany;  and  became  president  of  the  Hoi- 
yoke  National  bank  in  1872.  He  was  a 
state  senator  in  1873;  was  city  treas 
urer  of  Holyoke  in  1876  and  1877;  and 
mayor  in  1877  and  1878.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

WHITING,  WILLIAM  B.,  naval  officer, 
was  born  Nov.  13,  1813,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 
In  recognition  of  his  scientific  'attain 
ments,  he  was  promoted  to  commander 
and  captain  in  1867,  and  to  commodore  in 
1871.  He  died  Dec.  16,  1883,  in  Milwau 
kee,  Wis. 

WHITING,  WILLIAM  HENRY  CHASE, 
soldier,  was  born  in  1825,  in  Mississippi. 
In  1845  he  graduated  from  West  Point; 
entered  the  confederate  service,  and  was 
made  a  major-general  in  1863.  He  died 
March  10, 3865,  on  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y. 

WHITLEY,  VINSON  M.,  lawyer,  stock 
man,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1855, 
in  Red  Boiling  Springs,  Tenn.  He  served 
as  a  representative  in  the  Tennessee  leg 
islature. 

WHITLOCK,  GEORGE  CLINTON,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in 
1808  in  Vermont.  He  is  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  and  educator  of  Iowa;  and  the 
author  of  Elements  of  Geometry;  and 
New  System  of  Surveying. 

WHITMAN,  A.  B.,  educator,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  1,  1854,  In 
Turner,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  Hor- 
tonville,  Wis.;  and  during  1882-89  was 
city  superintendent  of  schools  in  Apple- 
ton.  He  was  district  attorney  of  Outa- 
gamie  county  in  1889-91;  and  city  attor 
ney  of  Appleton  in  1894-96.  In  1895  he 
was  elected  to  the  Wisconsin  state  senate. 


WHITMAN,  ALONZO  GARCELON, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1842, 
in  Auburn.  In  1875  he  was  elected  prin 
cipal  of  the  high  school  of  Melrose,  Mass. 
He  published  in  1872  a  volume  entitled 
Notes  on  Mineralogy. 

WHITMAN,  BENATAH  LONGLEY, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
Nov.  21,  1862.  in  Nova  Scotia.  He  has 
filled  a  pastorate  in  the  baptist  church 
of  Portland,  Maine;  was  president  of  the 
Colby  university  for  three  years;  and 
since  1895  has  been  president  of  the  Co 
lumbian  university  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

WHITMAN,  BERNARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  8,  1796.  in  East 
Bridgewater,  Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian 
clergyman,  pastor  at  Waltham,  Mass.,  in 
1826-34;  and  the  author  of  On  Denying 
the  Lord  Jesus;  Letters  on  Religious  Lib 
erty;  Village  Sermons;  and  Friendly 
Letters  to  a  Universalist.  He  died  Nov. 
5,  1834,  in  Waltham,  Mass. 

WHITMAN,  CHARLES  OTIS,  natural 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1842  in  Maine. 
He  is  a  naturalist  of  note  and  head  pro 
fessor  of  zoology  in  the  university  of  Chi 
cago  from  1892.  He  established  The  Jour 
nal  of  Morphology  in  1887;  and  is  the 
author  of  Methods  of  Research  in  Micro 
scopical  Anatomy  and  Embryology. 

WHITMAN,  EZEKIEL.  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  March  9,  1776,  in 
East  Bridgewater,  Mass.  He  was  chief 
justice  of  the  common  pleas  and  also 
of  the  superior  court  of  Maine,  presiding 
as  such  for  twenty-five  years.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1809  to  1811,  and  from  1817 
to  1821.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Maine  from  1821  to  1823;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  executive  council 
of  Maine  in  1815  and  1816.  He  died  Aug. 
1,  1866,  in  East  Bridgewater,  Mass. 

WHITMAN,  JASON,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  April  30,  1799,  in  Bridgewater, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of 
Portland.  Maine;  and  author  of  Memoir 
of  B.  Whitman;  Young  Man's  Assistant; 
Young  Lady's  Aid  to  Usefulness;  Week 
Day  Religion;  and  Discussions  on  the 
Lord's  Prayer.  He  died  Jan.  25,  1848,  in 
Lexington,  Mass. 

WHITMAN,  LEMUEL,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1823  to  1824.  He  died 
Nov.  18,  1841,  in  Farmington,  Conn. 

WHITMAN,  MARCUS,  pioneer,  was 
born  Sept.  4,  1802,  in  Rushville,  N.  Y. 
Dr.  Whitman,  and  the  Rev.  Henry  N. 
Spaulding  and  their  young  wives,  set  out 
in  1836,  and  crossed  the  Rocky  moun 
tains  by  the  South  Pass,  through  which 
John  C.  Fremont's  party  penetrated  six 
years  later.  Mrs.  Whitman  and  Mrs. 
Spaulding  were  the  first,  white  wonxen  to 
cross  the  mountains.  Whitman  is  cred 
ited  with  saving  Oregon  to  the  union. 
He  was  subsequently  massacred  with  his 
wife  and  two  children  by  the  Cayuse  In 
dians.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1847,  in  Waulat- 
pu,  Oregon. 

WHITMAN,  MRS.  SARAH  HELEN 
[POWER],  poet,  was  born  in  1803,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  She  was  a  poet  of 
Providence  whose  Still  Day  in  Autumn, 
her  finest  effort,  still  finds  an  honored 
place  in  anthologies.  She  is  the  author 
of  Hours  of  Life,  and  Other  Poems;  and 
Edgar  Poe  and  his  Critics.  A  complete 
edition  of  her  poems  appeared  in  1879. 
She  died  June  27,  1878,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

WHITMAN.  WALTER  [WALT],  poet, 
was  born  May  31,  1819,  in  West  Hills,  N. 
Y.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a 
volunteer  nurse  in  the  Washington  hos 
pitals,  and,  after  holding  a  government 


clerkship  till  1873,  removed  to  Camden, 
N.  J.,  where  the  rest  of  his  life  was 
passed.  Leaves  of  Grass,  his  first  book, 
appeared  in  1855.  Drum  Taps,  which  in 
cluded  the  now  famous  Lincoln  elegies. 
When  Lilacs  Last  in  the  Dooryard 
Bloomed,  and  O  Captain,  My  Captain,  fol 
lowed  in  1865.  His  later  works  include. 
After  All  Not  to  Create  Only;  A  Passage 
to  India;  As  a  Strong  Bird  on  Pinions 
Free;  Two  Rivulets;  November  Boughs; 
Good  Bye  My  Fancy;  Sands  at  Seventy; 
Specimen  Days  and  Collect;  in  prose, 
Franklin  Evans,  or  the  Inebriate;  Demo 
cratic  Vistas;  and  Memoranda  During  the 
War.  My  Captain  is  his  most  popular 
poem.  He  died  March  25,  1892,  in  Cam- 
den,  N.  J. 

WHITMARSH,  CAROLINE  SNOWDEN, 
author,  was  born  June  1,  1827,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  Her  books  include  Violet;  Daisy; 
Never  Mind  the  Face;  and  the  Summer- 
House  Series  on  scientific  subjects.  She 
has  compiled  Hymns  for  Mothers  and 
Children;  Hymns  of  the  Ages,  the  first 
series  with  Mrs.  Anne  E.  Guild;  and 
Prayers  of  the  Ages. 

WHITMORE,  GEORGE  W.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  26,  3824,  in  McMinn  county,  Tenn. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Texas  state 
house  of  representatives  in  1852,  1853  'and 

1858.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  attorney 
of  the  ninth  district;  was  appointed  reg 
ister    in    bankruptcy    in    1867;    and    was 
elected  a  representative  from  Texas  to  the 
forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

WHITMORE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  ge 
nealogist,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1836,  in  Dor 
chester,  Mass.  He  is  a  genealogist  of 
Boston;  and  the  author  of  American 
Genealogy;-  Elements  of  Heraldry;  His 
tory  of  the  Old  State  House,  Boston; 
and  many  genealogies. 

WHITNEY,  MRS.  ADELINE  DUTTON 
TRAIN,  author,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1824, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  She  has  lived  at  Mil 
ton,  Mass.,  for  many  years.  She  is  the 
author  of  Friendly  Letters  to  Girl 
Friends;  Faith  Gartney's  Girlhood;  The 
Gayworthys;  A  Summer  in  Leslie  Gold- 
thwaite's  Life;  Hitherto;  We  Girls;  The 
Other  Girls;  Real  Folks;  Sights  and  In 
sights;  Odd  or  Even?;  Bonnyborough; 
Boys  at  Chequasset;  Homespun  Yarns; 
Ascutney  Street;  A  Golden  Gossip;  Pa 
tience  Strong's  Outings;  Mother  Goose 
for  Grown  Folks.  She  has  also  written 
The  Open  Mystery:  A  Reading  of  the 
Mosaic  Story;  Just  How,  a  Key  to  the 
Cook  Books:  and  in  verse,  Pansies;  Daffo 
dils;  Holy  Tides;  Bird  Talk;  and  White 
Memories. 

WHITNEY,  ANNE,  sculptor,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  2,  1821,  in  Watertown,  Mass. 
She  is  a  sculptor  and  poet  of  Boston. 
Her  only  volume  of  Poems  appeared  in 

1859.  Bertha  is  her  best  known  poem. 
WHITNEY,  ASA,  merchant,  author,  was 

born  in  1797.  He  was  in  mercantile  busi 
ness  in  New  York  city.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  A  Project  for  a  Railroad  to  the 
Pacific;  and  A  Plan  for  a  Direct  Com 
munication  Between  the  Great  Centers  of 
Populations  of  Europe  and  Asia.  'He  died 
in  August,  1872.  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WHITNEY,  CASPAR,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1861  in  Massachusetts. 
He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York  city,  a 
prominent  advocate  of  amateur  sports; 
and  the  author  of  A  Sporting  Pilgrimage; 
and  On  Snow  Shoes  to  the  Barren 
Grounds. 

WHITNEY,  CHARLES  S.,  railroad  pres 
ident,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1824,  in  Gallipolis. 
Ohio.  He  is  president  of  the  Bradford 
and  Western  Pennsylvania  railroad  at  Bel- 
mont,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHT. 


1005 


WHITNEY,  ELI,  inventor,  was  born 
Dec.  8,  1765,  in  Westborough,  Mass.  The 
first  of  his  inventions  was  the  cotton  gin, 
which  he  was  stimulated  to  devise  by  the 
widow  of  Nathaniel  Green.  He  afterward 
reaped  a  fortune  by  his  various  improve 
ments  on  fire-arms,  the  manufacturing  of 
which  became  the  origin  of  the  flourish 
ing  village  of  Whitneyville,  Conn.  He 
died  Jan.  8,  1825,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

WHITNEY,  EUGENE,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  11,  1838,  in  Mendon,  Mass.  His  com 
positions  include  cantatas,  choruses,  part- 
songs  and  songs.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1889, 
in  Burlington,  Vt. 

WHITNEY,  FREDERIC  AUGUSTUS, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1812, 
in  Quincy,  Mass.  After  doing  missionary 
work,  he  was  pastor  at  Brighton,  Mass., 
in  1843-59,  and  afterward  lived  in  that 
town  without  a  pastoral  charge.  He  pub 
lished  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Old  Church 
at  Quincy;  and  Biography  of  James  Hoi- 
ton,  founder  of  the  Holton  library,  Brigh 
ton.  He  died  Oct.  21,  1880,  in  Brighton, 
Mass. 

WHITNEY,  GEORGE,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  2,  1804,  in  Quincy, 
Mass.  He  was  pastor  of  churches  in  Rox- 
bury.  He  published  Some  Account  of  the 
Early  History  and  Present  State  of  the 
Town  of  Quincy,  Mass..,  of  which  he  was 
preparing  an  enlarged  edition  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  died  April  2,  1842,  in 
Jamaica  Plain,  Mass. 

WHITNEY,  GEORGE  J.,  railroad  man 
ager,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1819,  in  Verona, 
N.  Y.  In  1857  he  built  the  Whitney  ele 
vator,  one  of  the  largest  erected  up  to 
that  time. 

WHITNEY,  JAMES  AMAZIAH,  chem 
ist,  author,  was  born  June  30,  1839,  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  He  is  an  agricultural 
chemist;  and  the  author  of  Relation  of 
the  Patent  Laws  to  Development  of  Agri 
culture;  The  Chinese  and  the  Chinese 
Question;  Shobab,  a  Tale  of  Bethesda  in 
verse;  Sonnets  and  Lyrics;  and  The  Chil 
dren  of  Lamech. 

WHITNEY,  [JOSEPH]  ERNEST,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1858  in  Con 
necticut.  He  is  an  instructor  in  English 
for  some  years  at  Yale  university;  and 
the  author  of  Poems  of  the  Pike's  Peak 
Region. 

WHITNEY,  JOSIAH  DWIGHT,  educat 
or,  geologist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  23, 
1819,  in  Northampton,  Mass.  He  was  a 
professor  of  geology  at  Harvard  univers 
ity  from  1865,  and  state  geologist  of  Cali 
fornia  in  1860-74.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  United  States;  The  Metallic  Wealth 
of  the  United  States;  Barometric  Hypso- 
metry;  Polypetalae;  and  Gamopetalae; 
Contributions  to  American  Geology; 
Names  and  Places,  Studies  in  Geogra 
phy  and  Topographical  Nomenclature; 
Geological  Survey  of  California;  Yose- 
mite  Guide  Book;  and  Geological  Survey 
of  Iowa.  He  died  in  1896. 

WHITNEY,  LEVI  LINCOLN,  manufac 
turer,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1858, 
in  Princeton,  Mass.  In  1881  he  was  elected 
and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  state  legislature;  and  in  1889  be 
came  a  state  senator. 

WHITNEY,  MRS.  LOUISA  GODDARD, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1819,  in  Eng 
land.  She  was  the  author  of  The  Burn 
ing  of  the  Convent;  and  Peasy's  Child 
hood,  an  Autobiography.  She  died  May 
13,  1882,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WHITNEY,  MILTON  BURRALL,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1825,  in 
Granville,  Mass.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city;  was  fitted  for 


college,  with  Rev.  Dr.  Timothy  M.  Cooley; 
graduated  from  Williams  college  in  1849; 
and  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Springfield, 
Mass.,  in  1853.  In  1862-63  he  served  as 
Massachusetts  state  senator  from  western 
Hampden  district,  serving  on  several  im 
portant  committees.  In  1868  he  was  a 
presidential  elector;  in  1880  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  national  conven 
tion;  and  during  1881-97  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  state  board  of  edu 
cation.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  iaw- 
yers  of  New  England  at  Westfield,  Mass. 

WHITNEY,  MYRON  W.,  singer,  was 
born  Sept.  5,  1836,  in  Ashbury,  Mass. 
In  1876  he  was  the  principal  solo-singer 
at  the  opening  exercises  of  the  Centennial 
exhibition  in  Philadelphia.  Since  that 
year  he  has  sung  in  his  native  country, 
and  has  appeared  in  nearly  all  the  May 
festivals  held  in  different  cities  of  the 
union. 

WHITNEY,  ORSON  F.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  July  1,  1855,  in  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah.  For  many  years  he  was 
editor  of  The  Dese- 
ret  News  of  Utah; 
and  was  later  city 
treasurer  of  Salt 
Lake  City.  He  is  a 
bishop  of  the  Mor 
mon  church;  and 
the  author  of  His 
tory  of  Utah,  in 
three  volumes;  and 
a  volume  of  Poeti 
cal  Writings.  He  is 
also  a  constant  con 
tributor  to  the  lead 
ing  newspapers  and  magazines  of  the 
United  States. 

WHITNEY,  PETER,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1744,  in  Northborough, 
Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man,  pastor  at  Northborough,  Mass.,  in 
1767-1815;  and  the  author  of  History  of 
Worcester  County.  He  died  Feb.  29,  1816, 
in  Northborough,  Mass. 

WHITNEY,  THOMAS  RICHARD,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  author,  was  born  in 
1804  in  New  York  city.  He  served  two 
years  in  the  assembly  of  New  York;  de 
voted  much  of  his  life  to  literary  pur 
suits,  having  been  at  one  time  editor  of 
the  New  York  Sunday  News.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  poem  called  the  Ambuscade, 
and  a  political  work  entitled  The  Ameri 
can  Policy  Vindicated.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1855  to  1857.  He  died  April  12,  1858, 
in  New  York  city. 

WHITNEY,  WILLIAM  COLLINS,  law 
yer,  secretary  of  navy,  was  born  July  15, 
1841,  in  Conway,  Mass.  In  1872  he  was 
appointed  inspector  of  schools  in  the  city 
of  New  York.  In  1875  was  appointed  cor 
poration  counsel  of  the  city  of  New  York; 
and  was  re-appointed  in  1876  and  1880. 
In  1885  he  became  secretary  of  the  navy 
in  the  cabinet  of  President  Cleveland. 

WHITNEY,  WILLIAM  DWIGHT,  phil 
ologist,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1827,  in  North 
Hampton,  Mass.  He  was  a  philologist  of 
eminence,  professor  of  Sanskrit  at  Yale 
university  from  1854,  and  of  comparative 
philology,  also,  from  1870.  He  edited  The 
Century  Dictionary;  Language  and  the 
Study  of  Language;  Compendious  German 
Grammar;  Oriental  and  Linguistic  Stu 
dies;  Life  and  Growth  of  Language;  Es 
sentials  of  English  Grammar;  Sanskrit 
Grammar;  Practical  French  Grammar; 
Roots,  Verb  Forms,  and  Primary  Deriva 
tives  of  the  Sanskrit  Language;  and  Max 
Miiller's  Science  of  Language.  He  died 
in  1894. 


WHITON,  JAMES  MORRIS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  April  11,  1833,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  New  Points  to  Old  Texts;  Is  Eternal 
Punishment  Endless?;  The  Gospel  of  the 
Resurrection;  Beyond  the  Shadow;  The 
Divine  Satisfaction;  Early  Pupils  of  the 
Spirit;  The  Evolution  of  Revelation;  The 
Law  of  Liberty;  Turning  Points  of 
Thought  and  Conduct;  and  Gloria  Patri. 

WHITON,  JOHN  MILTON,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1785,  in  Win- 
chendon,  Mass.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  of  Antrim,  N.  H.;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Sketches  of  the  Early  History  of 
New  Hampshire,  1623-1833.  He  died  Sept. 
28,  1856,  in  Antrim,  N.  H. 

WHITON,  MARY  BARTLETT,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1857,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  She  was  the  author  with 
her  father  of  Six  Months'  Preparation  for 
Reading  Xenophon. 

WHITSETT,  WILLIAM  THORNTON, 
educator,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1866,  in 
Guilford  county,  N.  C.  His  preparatory 
education  was  re 
ceived  in  public 
schools  and  under 
private  tutors.  Be 
gan  teaching  at  the 
age  of  seventeen, 
and  taught  for  two- 
years  in  the  public 
schools  of  Guilford 
and  Alamance.  In 
1885  was  assistant  in 
Oakdale  academy, 
Alamance  county. 
He  entered  the  uni 
versity  of  North  Carolina  in  1886,  where 
he  spent  two  years  as  a  student.  In  1»88 
he  was  elected  superintendent  of  Fair 
View  institute,  which  position  he  still 
holds.  He  is  a  frequent  contributor  to- 
periodicals  of  prose  and  verse,  and  a  dili 
gent  student  of  educational  problems. 

WHITSITT,  WILLIAM  HETH,  educat 
or,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25, 
1841,  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  is  a  bap 
tist  clergyman  of  Louisville,  professor  of 
ecclesiastical  history  at  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  seminary  from  1872; 
and  the  author  of  History  of  the  Rise  of 
Infant  Baptism;  History  of  Communion 
Among  Baptists;  Life  and  Times  of  Jude 
Caleb  Wallace;  and  A  Question  in  Bap 
tist  History. 

WHITSON,  W.  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was. 
born  in  Indiana.  He  moved  to  Lewiston, 
Idaho;  and  in  1874  was  appointed  an  as 
sociate  justice  of  the  United  States  su 
preme  court  for  the  territory  of  Idaho. 
He  died  Dec.  25,  1875,  in  Omaha,  Neb. 

WHITTAKER,  FREDERICK,  soldier, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1838, 
in  England.  He  was  a  federal  cavalry 
officer  during  the  civil  war,  and  subse 
quently  a  journalist  of  New  York  city. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  Defence  of  Dime 
Novels  by  a  Writer  of  Them;  Life  of 
General  Custer;  Cadet  Button,  a  Tale  of 
American  Army  Life;  and  Bel  Rubio,  a 
novel. 

WHITTAKER,  HENRY,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  15,  1808,  in  Wales. 
He  was  a  law-office  clerk  in  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Practice  and 
Pleading  Under  the  Codes;  and  Analysis 
of  Decisions  in  Practice  and  Pleading.  He 
died  Feb.  9,  1881,  in  New  York  city. 

WHITTAKER,  JAMES  THOMAS,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  in  1843 
in  Ohio.  He  is  a  prominent  surgeon  of 
Cincinnati;  and  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
Physiology;  History  of  Tuberculosis;  and 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine. 


1006 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WH1TTAKER,  JOHN,  governor.  He 
was  the  first  governor  of  Oregon  after  it 
became  a  state,  serving  as  such  from  1859 
to  1862. 

WHITTEMORE,  AMOS,  mechanic,  in 
ventor,  was  born  April  19,  1759,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  invented  a  machine  for 
puncturing  the  leather  and  setting  the 
wires  of  cotton  and  wool  cards,  which 
patent  he  sold  for  $150,000.  The  leading 
features  of  the  invention  were  suggested 
by  a  dream.  He  died  March  27,  1828,  in 
West  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WHITTEMORE.  BENJAMIN  FRANK, 
clergyman,  journalist,  state  senator,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1824  in  Maiden. 
Mass.  After  the  war  he  settled  himself 
in  South  Carolina,  and  identified  himself 
with  the  educational  interests  of  the 
state.  He  was  the  founder  and  editor 
of  the  New  Era,  published  at  Darling 
ton,  S.  C.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
state  senate.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  South  Carolina  to  the  for 
tieth  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

WHITTEMORE,  DON  JUAN,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1830,  in  Milton, 
Vt.  In  1847  he  became  an  engineer,  and 
in  1853-57  was  made  chief  assistant  engi 
neer  of  the  La  Crosse  and  Milwaukee 
railroad,  after  which  he  was  chief  engi 
neer  of  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railway 
company. 

WHITTEMORE,  ELIAS,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Rockingham  county,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1825  to  1827. 

WHITTEMORE,  THOMAS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1800,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  was  a  universalist  clergy 
man  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  His 
tory  of  Modern  Universalism;  Notes  and 
Illustrations  of  the  Parables;  Commentar 
ies  on  Daniel  and  Revelations;  Life  of 
Hosea  Ballon;  and  Autobiography.  He 
died  March  21,  1861,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 
WHITTEN,  MARTHA  ELIZABETH, 
educator,  missionary  worker,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Oct.  3,  1842,  near  Austin,  Texas. 
She  received  her  ed 
ucation  at  the  Aus 
tin  Collegiate  Fe 
male  academy,  and 
at  the  McKenzie  col 
lege.  She  attained 
success  as  a  teacher 
and  a  missionary 
worker;  and  has 
contributed  exten 
sively  to  the  periodi 
cal  press.  Mrs. 
Whitten's  poems  are 
full  of  thought  and 
pathos;  they  were  collected  in  1886  and 
published  under  the  title  of  Texas  Gar 
lands,  which  work  was  followed  by  the 
Drunkard's  Wife,  a  temperance  poem  in 
pamphlet  form. 

WH1TTET,  ROBERT,  publisher,  poet, 
was  born  in  1829  in  Scotland.  He  was  a 
printer  and  publisher  in  Richmond,  Va.; 
and  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems  en 
titled  The  Brighter  Side  of  Suffering. 

WH1TTHORNE,  WASHINGTON  CUR- 
RAN,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  Unit 
ed  States  senator,  was  born  April  19,  1825, 
in  Marshall  county,  Tenn.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Tennessee  state  senate  for 
four  years;  and  in  1859  was  elected  to 
the  lower  house  of  the  legislature  of  Ten 
nessee,  and  made  presiding  officer.  He 
was  assistant  adjutant-general  In  the  pro 
visional  army  of  Tennessee  in  1861;  and 
was  afterward  adjutant-general  of  the 
state,  which  position  he  held  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Tennessee  to  the  forty- 


second,  forty-third,  and  forty-fourth  con 
gresses;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  and  forty-seventh  con 
gresses.  In  1886  he  was  appointed  a 
United  States  senator,  serving  until 
March  3.  1887.  He  died  Sept.  21,  1891,  in 
Columbia,  Tenn. 

WHITTIER,  ELIZABETH  HUSSEY, 
poet,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1815,  in  Haverhill, 
Mass.  She  was  the  author  of  poems 
marked  by  tenderness,  grace,  and  rhyth 
mic  felicity.  Se\eral  of  them  were  in 
cluded  by  her  brother  in  his  volume  en 
titled  Hazel  Blossoms.  She  died  Sept.  3, 
1864,  in  Amesbury. 

WHITTIER,  JOHN  GREENLEAF,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1807,  in 
Haverhill,  Mass.  He  was  one  of  the  early 
abolitionists,  and  ed 
ited  The  Pennsylva 
nia  Freeman,  1838- 
39.  After  1840  he 
lived  at  Amesbury. 
Mass.  Among  the 
most  characteristic 
of  his  shorter  poems 
are,  My  Soul  and  I; 
The  Eternal  Good 
ness;  In  School 
Days;  The  Last 
Walk  in  Autumn; 
The  Playmates;  and 
My  Psalm.  His  prose  writings  include, 
The  Stranger  in  Lowell;  The  Supernatur- 
alism  of  New  England;  Leaves  from  Mar 
garet  Smith's  Journal;  Old  Portraits  and 
Modern  Sketches;  and  Literary  Recrea 
tions  and  Miscellanies.  His  work  in 
verse  comprises,  Legends  of  New  Eng 
land;  Moll  Pitcher;  Mogg  Megone;  Poems; 
Lays  of  My  Home;  Voices  of  Freedom; 
Songs  of  Labor;  The  Chapel  of  the  Her 
mits;  A  Sabbath  Scene;  The  Panorama; 
Home  Ballads  and  Poems;  In  War  Time; 
National  Lyrics;  Snow-Bound;  The  Tent 
on  the  Beach;  Among  the  Hills;  Ballads 
of  New  England;  Miriam;  The  Pennsyl 
vania  Pilgrim;  Hazel  Blossoms;  Mabel 
Martin;  Centennial  Hymn;  The  Vision  of 
Echard,  and  Other  Poems;  The  King's 
Missive,  and  Other  Poems;  The  Bay  of 
Seven  Islands,  and  Other  Poems;  St. 
Gregory's  Guest,  and  Other  Poems;  and 
At  Sundown.  He  was  also  the  compiler 
of  Songs  of  Three  Centuries;  Child-Life; 
and  Child-Life  in  Prose;  and  the  editor 
of  John  Woolman's  Journal.  He  died 
Sept.  7,  1892,  in  Hampton  Falls,  N.  H. 

WHITTINGHAM,  WILLIAM  ROLLIN- 
BON,  bishop,  author,  was  born  Dec.  2, 
1805,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  the 
fourth  protestant  episcopal  bishop  of 
Maryland;  and  the  author  of  fifteen  ser 
mons.  He  died  Oct.  17,  1879,  in  Orange, 
N.  J. 

WHITTLE,  FRANCIS  McNEECE,  bish 
op  of  Virginia,  was  born  July  7,  1823,  in 
Mecklenburg  county,  Va.  In  1876,  he  suc 
ceeded  to  the  bishopric  of  Virginia.  In 
1S77  the  diocese  of  Virginia  was  divided, 
West  Virginia  becoming  a  separate  dio 
cese,  and  Bishop  Whittle  chose  the  re 
maining  portion  of  the  old  diocese. 

WHITTLESEY,  ABIGAIL  GOODRICH, 
educator,  journalist,  was  born  Nov.  29, 
1788,  in  Ridgefield,  Conn.  She  began  in 
1832,  while  in  Utica,  the  publication  of 
the  Mother's  Magazine,  which  she  edited 
till  about  1850,  and  subsequently  revived 
under  the  title  of  The  Magazine  for  Moth 
ers  and  Daughters. 

WHITTLESEY,  CHARLES,  soldier, 
lawyer,  geologist,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1808, 
in  Southington,  Conn.  He  served  in  the 
Black  Hawk  war.  He  subsequently  was  a 
lawyer  of  Cleveland,  Ohio;  and  attained 
note  as  a  geologist.  He  died  Oct.  18, 
1886,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


WHITTLESEY,  ELIPHALET,  soldier, 
clergyman,  educator,  was  born  May  14, 
1821,  in  New  Britain,  Conn.  He  served 
with  distinction  during  the  civil  war,  and 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general  of  United 
States  volunteers.  For  several  years  he 
was  pastor  of  the  Central  church  of  Bath, 
Maine;  and  filled  a  professor's  chair  in 
the  Bowdoin  college.  Since  1874  he  has 
been  secretary  of  the  board  of  Indian 
commissioners  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

WHITTLESEY.  ELISHA,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  19,  1783,  in  Washington,  Conn. 
He  received  an  aca 
demic  education,  stu 
died  law;  and  in  1806 
removed  to  the  west 
ern  reserve  of  Ohio. 
He  served  in  the  war 
of  1812  as  aid-de 
camp  to  General  E. 
Wadsworth;  and 
was.  for  sixteen 
years,  a  prosecuting 
attorney.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legis 
lature  in  1820  and 
1821;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1823  to  1839.  He  was  appoint 
ed  auditor  for  the  postofflce  department; 
and  was  first  comptroller  of  the  treasury. 
He  died  Jan.  7,  1863,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WHITTLESEY,  FREDERICK,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  June  12, 
1799,  in  Washington,  Conn.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  1831  to 
1835;  and  in  1839  was  chosen  vice-chan 
cellor  of  the  eighth  judicial  district  of 
New  York,  and  retained  the  office  eight 
years.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state;  and  in  1850  was  elected 
professor  of  law  in  Genesee  college.  He 
died  Sept.  19,  1851,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

WHITTLESEY,  MRS.  SARAH  JOHN 
SON  [COGSWELL],  author,  was  born 
about  1825  in  Williamston,  N.  C.  She  is 
the  author  of  Heart  Drops  from  Memory's 
Urn;  The  Stranger's  Stratagem,  and  Other 
Stories;  Herbert  Hamilton;  Bertha  the 
Beauty;  and  Spring  Buds  and  Summer 
Blossoms. 

WHITTLESEY,  THOMAS  T.,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  his  native 
state  from  1836  to  1839. 

WHITTLESEY,  WILLIAM  A.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Connecticut. 
He  settled  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Ohio; 
and  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
that  state  from  1849  to  1851. 

WHITTREDGE,  WORTHINGTON,  ar 
tist,  was  born  May  22,  1820,  in  Spring 
field,  Ohio.  His  works  are  mostly  pic 
tures  of  American  scenery. 

WHITWAN,  EDWARD  A.,  soldier,  cler 
gyman    college  president,  poet,  was  born 
July  9,   1845,   in  Flint,   Mich.     He  served 
^       as  a   private  soldier 
until  the  close  of  the 
war    in    the     fourth 
regiment      Michigan 
cavalry.      He  subse- 
jM*^t  •.    quently     became    an 

j»'     «    eminent      clergyman 
^^^•^^^^j-        .    of      the      methodist 
'    episcopal        church; 
P.       |    and     in     1884      was 
^^^^       elected    president   of 
.   jj  ^k   the  Western  Reserve 

I    seminary       of      east 
Ohio.  In  1886  he  was 

elected  to  the  chair  of  physics  and  chem 
istry  In  McKendree  college  of  Illinois,  and 
later  to  the  presidency.  In  1887  he  be 
came  president  of  the  North  Nebraska 
Normal  college. 


i 


HKKKINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMP3RICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1007 


WHYTE,  WILLIAM  PINKNEY,  mer 
chant,  lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  9,  1824,  in  Baltimore.  Md.  In 
1847  he  was  elected  to  the  Maryland 
house  of  delegates;  and  in  1853  was 
elected  state  comptroller.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  senator  in  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  sen 
ate  for  the  term  commencing  in  1875  and 
ending  in  1881.  In  the  latter  year  he  was 
elected  mayor  of  Baltimore. 

WIARD,  NORMAN,  civil  engineer,  in 
ventor,  author,  was  born  in  1826,  in  On 
tario.  He  is  an  inventor  and  military  en 
gineer  of  distinction  whose  specialty  was 
the  manufacture  of  ordnance.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Solution  of  the  Ordnance 
Problem.  He  died  in  1896. 

WICK,  WILLIAM  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  23, 
1796.  in  Canonsburg,  Pa.  In  1822  he  was 
chosen  president  judge  of  the  fifth  ju 
dicial  circuit  of  Indiana;  and  in  1825  be 
came  secretary  of  state.  In  1829  he  was 
attorney  for  the  state  in  the  fifth  judi 
cial  circuit,  from  which  office  he  retired 
in  1831;  and  was  president  judge  for  three 
years.  In  1839  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Indiana;  and 
was  again  in  congress  in  1845  and  1847. 
In  1850  he  was  again  chosen  president 
judge.  From  1853  to  1857  was  postmaster 
at  Indianapolis.  He  served  in  the  militia 
of  the  state  as  brigadier-general,  quarter 
master,  and  adjutant-general.  He  died 
May  19,  1868,  in  Franklin  county,  Ind. 

WICKERSHAM,  JAMES,  journalist, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1857,  in  Patoka, 
111.  He  was  for  four  years  judge  of  Price 
county.  Wash.  He  gives  special  at 
tention  to  ethnology;  is  associate  editor 
of  the  American  Antiquarian:  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Tacoma  Academy  of  Science. 

WICKERSHAM,  JAMES  PYLE,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  March  5,  1825,  in 
Chester  county,  Pa.  He  was  an  educator 
of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  state  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  in  1868-81;  and  minis 
ter  to  Denmark  in  1882.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  School  Economy;  and  Methods  of 
Instruction.  He  died  March  25,  1891,  in 
Lancaster,  Pa. 

WICKES,  ELIPHALET,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1805  to  1807. 

WICKES,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  31.  1814,  in  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Ma 
rietta,  Ohio;  and  the  author  of  Exposi 
tion  of  the  Apocalypse;  The  Son  of  Man; 
The  Household;  and  Economy  of  the 
Ages.  He  died  Nov.  10,  1870,  in  Orange. 
N.  J. 

WICKHAM,  CHARLES  PRESTON, 
soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  15,  1836,  in  Norwalk,  Ohio. 
He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  company  D, 
fifty-fifth  regiment  Ohio  volunteers. 
While  a  major  he  was  commissioned  lieu 
tenant-colonel  by  brevet,  by  the  president, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in 
the  Carolinas.  He  resumed  the  practice 
of  law  in  Norwalk;  was  elected  prosecut 
ing  attorney  in  1866  and  re-elected  in 
1868.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  of  the  fourth  judicial 
district  in  1880,  and  re-elected  in  1885  as 
a  republican.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fiftieth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

WICKHAM,  JOHN  JERVIS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  May  14,  1844,  in  Ireland. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a  mili 
tary  telegrapher.  In  1884  he  became 
judge  of  common  pleas  and  is  now  a 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Pennsyl 
vania. 


WICKHAM,  WILLIAMS  CARTER, 
soldier,  lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born 
Sept.  21,  1820,  in  Richmond,  Va.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  civil  war  he  entered  the 
confederate  army  as  captain,  and  became 
colonel  of  the  fourth  Virginia  regiment, 
rising  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 
He  was  chosen  to  the  Virginia  state  sen 
ate  in  1882-83,  and  in  the  next  election  he 
was  returned  without  opposition.  He  died 
July  23,  1888,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

WICKLIFFE,  CHARLES  A.,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  June  8,  1788,  in  Bardstown,  Ky. 
In  1812  he  was  appointed  aide-de-camp  to 
General  Winlock  and  during  the  same 
year  was  elected  to  the  Kentucky  state 
legislature  and  was  re-eiected  in  1813. 
He  was  at  the  battle  of  the  Thames  as 
aid  to  General  Caldwell,  after  which  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  legislature,  where 
he  continued  until  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Kentucky  to  congress  in  1823, 
and  was  four  times  re-elected.  In  1833  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  legislature  and 
was  speaker  in  1834.  In  1836  he  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Kentucky. 
In  1841  he  was  appointed  postmaster-gen 
eral,  and  in  1845  was  sent  on  a  secret 
mission  to  Texas,  in  connection  with  its 
annexation  to  the  United  States.  In  1861 
he  again  became  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Kentucky.  He  died  Oct.  31, 
1869,  in  Howard  county,  Md. 

WICKLIFFE,  ROBERT  CHARLES, 
thirteenth  governor  of  Louisiana.  In  1854 
he  was  elected  state  senator,  receiving  re 
election  to  the  two  succeeding  terms  with 
out  opposition,  and  became  president  of 
the  senate.  In  1856  he  became  governor 
of  Louisiana,  and  served  with  distinction 
for  four  years.  In  1866  he  was  elected  to 
congress,  but  refused  to  take  the  oath 
demanded  of  him,  and  was  therefore  de- 
,nied  admittance.  Since  1846  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  West  Feliciana,  La. 

WIDENER,     HOWARD     H.,     educator, 
lawyer,   public   official,   was  born  May   6, 
I860",  in  Chili,  N.  Y.     In  1879  he  graduated 
from  the  Chili  semi- 
?   nary,    and    for    four 
years    was    engaged 
in  educational  work. 
In   1885   he  was   ad 
mitted     to    the    bar 
and      has      attained 


prominence  as  an 
able  lawyer  at  Roch 
ester,  N.  Y.  For  ten 
years  he  has  been 
first  assistant  dis 
trict  attorney  of 
Monroe  county  and 
has  represented  the  people  in  many  im 
portant  criminal  cases  on  trial  and  in  the 
higher  courts.  He  practices  generally  in 
all  the  state  courts.  He  has  always  taken 
an  active  interest  in  politics,  and  is  con 
nected  with  various  associations  and  busi 
ness  enterprises. 

WIDGERY,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1753  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  lieu 
tenant  of  a  privateer  in  the  revolutionary 
war.  He  served  in  the  Massachusetts  leg 
islature  in  1789-94  and  1797.  He  was  a 
state  councilor  in  1806  and  1807  and  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1811  to  1813.  He  was  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  from  1813 
to  1822.  He  died  Aug.  7,  1822,  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

WIEGAND,  OTTO  OSCAR,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  July  9,  1860,  in  Hika, 
Wis.  He  is  editor  and  owner  of  the  Sha- 
wano  Advocate,  and  during  1896-97  was 
mayor  of  his  city.  In  1891-92  he  served  as 
a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  state  assem 
bly. 


WIGFALL,  LEWIS  T.,  soldier,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  April  21,  1816, 
in  Edgefield  district,  S.  C.  He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  Texas  from  1859 
until  that  state  seceded,  when  he  became 
identified  with  the  great  rebellion  as  a 
brigadier-general  and  was  expelled  from 
the  senate  in  July,  1861.  He  died  Feb.  18, 
1874,  in  Galveston,  Tex. 

WIGGIN,  JAMES  BARTLETT,  mer 
chant,  author,  poet,  was  born  July  19, 
1832,  in  Wadley's  Falls,  N.  H.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  The  Wild  Artist 
in  Boston,  which  has  run  through  several 
editions.  He  is  also  a  poet  of  acknowl 
edged  excellence,  and  his  poems  appear 
in  Poets  of  America  and  other  standard 
works.  For  many  years  he  was  engaged 
successfully  in  business  at  Cambridgeport, 
Mass.,  and  now  resides  in  Boston. 

WIGGIN,  KATE  DOUGLAS,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  28,  1857,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  She  is  the  author  of  A  Summer  in 
a  Canon;  Timothy's  Guest;  A  Cathedral 
Courting;  Patsy;  and  The  Birds'  Christ 
mas  Carol. 

WIGGINTON,  PETER  D.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1839,  in 
Springfield,  111.  In  1864  he  was  elected 
district  attorney  for  Merced  county,  Cal. 
In  1875  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  California  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth 
congress  as  a  democrat. 

WIGGLESWORTH,  EDWARD,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1693 
in  Maiden,  Mass.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  and  Hollis  professor  of 
theology  at  Harvard  university  in  1722- 
65.  He  was  the  author  of  An  Answer 
to  Mr.  Whitefield's  Reply  to  the  College 
Testimony;  and  Doctrine  of  Reprobation 
Briefly  Considered.  He  died  Jan.  16,  1765, 
in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WIGGLESWORTH,  EDWARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1732,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was  a  congrega 
tional  clergyman  who  succeeded  his  fa 
ther  in  the  Hollis  professorship  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1765,  and  the  author 
of  Calculations  on  American  Population; 
and  Authority  of  Tradition  Considered. 
He  died  June  17,  1794,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

WIGGLESWORTH,  EDWARD,  lawyer, 
merchant,  author,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1804, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  a  lawyer  and 
merchant  of  Boston  who  published  Re 
flections,  a  collection  of  apothegms.  He 
died  Oct.  15,  1876,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WIGGLESWORTH,  MICHAEL,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1631, 
in  England.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman,  pastor  at  Maiden,  Mass.,  in 
1656-1705.  The  Day  of  Doom,  his  chief 
work,  appearing  in  1662,  was  for  more 
than  a  century  the  most  popular  poem 
in  New  England.  It  is  an  epic  of  the  Last 
Judgment,  not  without  gleams  of  poetic 
merit,  but  full  of  what  must  be  styled 
savage  theology.  Meat  Out  of  the  Eater 
is  a  much  inferior  poem,  but  was  very 
popular  for  a  long  period.  God's  Contro 
versy  with  New  England,  also  in  verse, 
and  A  Short  Discourse  on  Eternity,  com 
prise  his  remaining  works.  He  died  June 
10,  1705,  in  Maiden,  Mass. 

WIGGLESWORTH,  SAMUEL,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1689,  in 
Maiden,  Mass.  He  accepted  a  call  at  Ips 
wich  Hamlet,  and  was  ordained  in  1714. 
There  he  remained  until  his  death.  He 
published,  between  1727  and  1765,  nine 
occasional  discourses,  besides  A  Short 
Account  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hale,  of  New- 
bury,  in  the  Christian  History;  and  a 
Dudleian  Lecture.  He  died  Sept.  3,  1768, 
in  Hamilton,  Mass. 


1008 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WIGHT.  MISS  EMMA  HOWARD,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.  She  is 
the  author  of  a  novel  entitled  Passion 
Flowers  and  the  Cross;  and  has  written 
numerous  theological  articles,  which  have 
attracted  wide  attention. 

WIGHT,  MOSES,  artist,  was  born  April 
2,  1827,  in  Boston,  Mass.  His  portraits  in 
clude  those  of  Alexander  von  Humboldt, 
Louis  Agassiz,  Charles  Sumner,  Edward 
Everett,  and  Josiah  Qulncy.  Among  his 
ideal  works  are  Sleeping  Beauty;  Eve  at 
the  Fountain;  Lisette;  Confidants;  John 
Alden  and  Priscilla;  and  Pet's  First  Cake. 
WIGHT,  ORLANDO  WILLIAMS,  cler 
gyman,  physician,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
19,  1824,  in  Centres  ille,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  universalist  clergyman  and  physician, 
appointed  state  geologist  of  Wisconsin  in 
1874.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Philoso 
phy  of  Sir  William  Hamilton;  Lives  and 
Letters  of  Abelard  and  H61oise;  Lectures 
on  the  True,  the  Beautiful,  and  the  Good; 
Maxims  of  Public  Health;  and  People  and 
Countries  Visited  in  a  Winding  Journey 
Round  the  World.  He  died  Oct.  19,  1888, 
in  CentreviHe,  N.  Y. 

WIGHT,  PETER  BONNETT,  architect, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1838,  in  New  York  city. 
He  is  an  architect  of  New  York  city;  and 
the  author  of  One  Phase  in  the  Revival 
of  Fine  Arts  in  America. 

WIGHT,  WILLIAM  W.,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1849,  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Mil 
waukee,  Wis.,  and  was  the  originator  and 
promoter  of  the  plan  for  a  public  library 
in  Milwaukee.  He  published  The  Wights, 
a  genealogy;  The  Courtship  of  Miles 
Standish;  and  various  other  volumes. 

WIGHTMAN,  VALENTINE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1681  in  North 
Kingston,  R.  I.  He  was  the  first  baptist 
minister  in  Connecticut,  planted  in  Groton 
the  first  church  of  that  denomination, 
and  was  active  in  establishing  other 
churches  throughout  the  state  and  in  the 
city  and  state  of  New  York.  He  was  also 
the  author  of  a  Letter  on  Singing  Psalms 
(1725).  He  died  June  9,  1747,  in  Groton, 
Conn. 

WIGHTMAN,  WILLIAM  MAY,  meuio- 
dist  episcopal  bishop,  was  born  Jan.  29, 
1808,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In  1839-40  he 
was  presiding  elder  of  the  Cokesbury  dis 
trict.  He  was  a  member  of  the  general 
conference  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church  in  1840;  and  subsequently  became 
a  bishop.  He  died  Feb.  15,  1882,  in  Char 
leston,  S.  C. 

WIGMAN,  JOHN  H.  M.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Aug.  15,  1835,  in  Amsterdam.  Hol 
land.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1864,  and  for  twenty- 
seven  years  was  a 
member  of  the  firm 
,'  of  Hudd  and  Wig- 
man;  but  in  1885  Mr. 
Hudd  was  elected 
to  congress,  and 
since  that  time  Mr. 
Wigman  has  carried 
on  the  law  business 
alone  until  1889, 
•when  he  took  in  his 
son-in-law,  Mr.  P. 
H.  Martin.  He  has 
been  the  attorney  in  many  of  the  leading 
cues  in  the  courts  of  Wisconsin;  was 
district  'attorney  of  Outagamie  county, 
during  1»64-70;  mayor  of  Green  Bay  In 
1882-83;  United  States  district  attorney 
for  the  eastern  district  of  Wisconsin  dur 
ing  1893-97. 

WIKE,  SCOTT,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  April  6,  1834,  in 
Meadville,  Pa.  In  1859  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  Pittsfield,  111.  He  was 


twice  elected  to  the  legislature  of  Illinois, 
and  sened  from  1863  to  1867.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress,  and 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

WIKOFF,  HENRY,  author,  was  born  in 
1813  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a 
writer  whose  life  after  1834  was  passed 
mainly  in  Europe.  He  was  commonly 
known  as  Chevalier  Wikoff.  He  was  the 
author  of  Reminiscences  of  an  Idler; 
Louis  Napoleon  Bonaparte;  Life  of  Count 
d'Orsay;  My  Courtship  and  Its  Conse 
quences;  Ad\entures  of  a  Roving  Diplo 
matist;  A  New  Yorker  in  the  Foreign  Of 
fice;  and  The  Four  Civilizations.  He  died 
May  2,  1884,  in  England. 

WILBER,  DAVID,  agriculturist,  lumber 
merchant,  banker,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  5,  1820,  in  Schenectady  county,  N.  Y. 
He  was,  for  several  years,  interested  in 
the  Second  National  bank  at  Coopers- 
town,  and  the  bank  at  Oneonta.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  York 
to  the  forty-third  congress;  and  was  also 
elected  to  the  forty-sixth  and  fiftieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

WILBER,  DAVID  F.,  agriculturist, 
congressman,  was  bojn  Dec.  7.  1859,  in 
Milford,  N.  Y.  Sincsf  1890  he  has  been 
largely  interested  in  farming  and  stock 
breeding  in  Oneonta,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  di 
rector  of  the  Wither,  National  bank  of 
Oneonta;  and  is  president  of  the  Holstein- 
Friesian  association  of  America  and  of 
the  American  Cheviot  Sheep  association 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republi 
can.  He  was  instrumental  in  securing 
the  passage  of  the  filled  cheese  bill  in 
1896. 

WILBOUR,  CHARLES  EDWIN,  author, 
was  born  March  17,  1833,  in  Little  Comp- 
ton,  R.  I.  He  was  an  Egyptologist  who 
published  a  Life  of  Victor  Hugo  and  a 
number  of  translations  from  the  French. 
He  died  in  1896. 

WILBUR,  CHARLES  TOPPAN,  physi 
cian,  journalist,  was  born  May  18,  1835, 
in  Newburyport,  Mass.  In  1884  he  opened 
a  private  asylum  for  the  feeble-minded  at 
Kalamazoo.  In  1882  he  founded  the  Phil 
anthropic  Index  and  Review,  a  monthly 
publication  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
feeble-minded  children,  and  the  only  per 
iodical  of  the  kind  in  existence. 

WILBUR,  HERVEY,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  in  1787  in  Wen 
dell,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  cler 
gyman  and  educator  of  Massachusetts 
among  whose  writings  are,  Elements  of 
Astronomy;  and  Lexicon  of  Useful 
Knowledge.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1852,  in  New 
buryport,  Mass. 

WILBUR,  HERVEY  BACKUS,  physi 
cian,  philanthropist,  was  born  Aug.  18, 
1820,  in  Wendell,  Mass.  He  was  founder 
of  the  schools  for  idiots  in  the  United 
States,  the  first  fully  organized  one  being 
at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  1854,  of  which  he 
was  appointed  superintendent. 

WILBUR,  ISAAC,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  for  many  years  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Rhode  Island; 
and  in  1806  was  acting  governor.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Rhode 
Island  from  1807  to  1809. 

WILBUR,  NEWELL  L.,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1851,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  He  has  attained  eminence  as 
a  successful  church  organist  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  As  a  teacher  of  music  he 
stands  at  the  head  of  his  profession. 


WILBUR,   ROBERT  PALMER,   soldier, 

shipbuilder,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  28, 

1839,   in  Noank,   Conn.     During   the  first 

part  of  the   war   he 

served   in     company 

/  E,    second    regiment 

,«       Connecticut      volun- 

mL      teers.        He       stibse- 

|  effm,  *g-j     P1?      quently  followed  the 

i  "  sea  for  many  years; 

j^.-.  was  commander  of 

the  Ulysses  in  1863, 

t,  and  subsequently 
j^  commanded  numer 
ous  ships  in  the  Cal 
ifornia  and  .  Euro 
pean  trade.  He  was 
one  of  the  incorporators  of  The  Robert 
Palmer  and  Son  Shipbuilding  and  Marine 
Railway  company  of  Noank,  Conn.,  and 
has  been  vice-president  of  that  company 
since  1893.  He  has  filled  numerous  public 
offices  in  Groton,  Conn.,  and  in  1897 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Connecticut  state  legislature. 

WILCOX,  CADMUS  MARCELLUS,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  May  29,  1826,  in 
Wayne  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  United 
States  army  officer;  and  the  author  of 
Rifles  and  Rifle  Practice;  and  History 
of  the  Mexican  War.  He  died  Dec.  2, 
1890,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WILCOX,  CARLOS,  clergyman,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1794,  in  Newport, 
N.  H.  He  was  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  Religion  of  Taste;  a  volume  of  Ser 
mons;  and  The  Age  of  Benevolence,  a 
poem.  He  died  May  29,  1827,  in  Danbury, 
Conn. 

WILCOX,  CHARLES  W.  He  is  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  educational  and 
public  affairs  of  Barkers,  N.  Y.;  and  a 
constant  contributor  to  the  leading  news 
papers  and  magazines  of  the  United 
States. 

WILCOX,  MRS.  ELLA  [WHEELER], 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1845  in  Johns 
town  Centre,  Wis.  She  is  a  very  popular 
poet  and  novelist  of  New  York  city.  She 
is  the  author  of  Maurine,  and  Other  Po 
ems;  Drops  of  Water,  temperance  poems; 
Shells;  Poems  of  Passion;  Poems  of 
Pleasure;  The  Song  of  the  Sandwich;  The 
Beautiful  Land  of  Nod,  poems  and  prose 
for  children;  and  Custer,  and  Other  Po 
ems.  Her  prose  work  includes,  Men, 
Women,  and  Emotions;  Mai  Moul6e; 
Was  It  Suicide?;  A  Double  Lue;  Sweet 
Danger;  Perdita  and  Other  Stories;  An 
Erring  Woman's  Love;  and  Adventures  of 
Miss  Volney. 

WILCOX,  JEDUTHUN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1769  in  New  Hampshire.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
1813  to  1817.  He  died  in  July,  1838,  in 
Oxford,  N.  H. 

WILCOX,  JOHN  A.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  He  removed  to 
Mississippi  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from  1851 
to  1853. 

WILCOX,  JOHN  SHULER,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  March  18,  1833,  in  Fulton- 
ville,  N.  Y.  He  served  as  a  union  sol 
dier  during  the  civil  war  and  became 
colonel  in  the  fifty-second  regiment  Illi 
nois  volunteer  infantry.  He  is  an  able 
lawyer  of  Elgin,  111.,  of  which  city  he 
has  been  postmaster  and  mayor. 

WILCOX,  LEONARD,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  29,  1799,  in  Hanover,  N.  H.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire  state 
legislature;  was  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court;  and  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
New  Hampshire  during  the  years  1842  and 
1843.  He  died  June  18,  1850,  in  Oxford, 
N.  H. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1009 


WILCOX,  MARR10N,  author,  was  born 
in  1858  in  Georgia.  She  is  a  New  Haven 
writer;  and  the  author  of  Real  People; 
and  Senora  Villena. 

WILCOX,  PHINEAS  BACON,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1798,  in  Mid- 
dletown,  Conn.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Co 
lumbus,  Ohio;  and  the  author  of  Con 
densed  Reports  of  Ohio  Supreme  Court; 
Ohio  Forms  and  Practice;  A  Few 
Thoughts  by  a  Member  of  the  Bar;  Prac 
tical  Forms  in  Action,  etc.;  and  Practical 
Forms  Under  Code  of  Civil  Procedure. 
He  died  March  25,  1863,  in  Columbus, 
Ohio. 

WILD,  AUGUSTUS,  soldier,  was  born 
Nov.  25,  1825,  in  Brookline,  Mass.  In 
1863  he  was  made  a  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers;  and  since  the  war  has  been 
engaged  in  silver  mining. 

WILDE,  RICHARD  HENRY,  lawyer, 
educator,  congressman,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  24,  1789,  in  Ireland.  He  was 
made  attorney-general  of  Georgia;  and 
in  1815  was  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  that  state.  He  was  again 
elected  in  1823,  and  again  in  1827,  serv 
ing  with  marked  ability  until  1835.  In 
1843  he  moved  to  New  Orleans,  La.; 
and  was  elected  professor  of  constitu 
tional  law  in  the  university  of  Louisiana. 
He  was  the  author  of  Conjectures  and 
Researches  Concerning  Tasso;  but  is 
known  chiefly  as  the  author  of  the  grace 
ful  lyric,  My  Life  is  Like  the  Summer 
Rose.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1847,  in  New 
Orleans,  La. 

WILDE,  WILLIAM  ALLAN,  journalist, 
legislator,  was  born  July  11,  1827,  in  Ac 
ton,  Mass.  He  is  a  noted  newspaper  man 
of  Maiden,  Mass.;  superintendent  of 
schools;  and  a  representative  in  the  Mas 
sachusetts  state  legislature. 

WILDER,  A.  CARTER,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  18,  1828,  in 
Mendon,  Mass.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Kansas  to  the  thirty- 
eighth  congress.  He  died  Dec.  23,  1875, 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

WILDER,  ALEXANDER,  journalist, 
physician,  scientist,  author,  was  born 
May  14,  1823,  in  Verona,  N.  Y.  In  1850 
he  graduated  i  n 
medicine.  He  be 
came  assistant  edi 
tor  of  the  Syracuse 
Star,  then  editor  of 
the  New  York  Teach 
er,  and  later  editor 
of  the  American  Col 
lege  Journal.  About 
1860  he  became  a 
I  member  of  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  the 
Evening  Post,  and 
for  thirteen  years 

was  its  legislative  correspondent.  He  has 
been  prominent  in  public  affairs,  and  in 
various  medical  associations,  and  is  a 
noted  scientist  with  decided  philosophic 
proclivities;  and  in  1893  he  delivered  the 
address  at  the  World's  Medical  Congress 
auxiliary.  He  is  the  author  of  the  follow 
ing  works:  The  Later  Platonists;  The 
Soul;  Life  Eternal;  The  Birth  and  Being 
of  Things;  The  Antecedent  Life;  Intui 
tion  and  Divination;  Micro-Organisms  in 
Disease;  Mind,  Thought,  and  Cerebra 
tion;  The  Ganglionic  Nervous  System; 
Psychological  Science;  and  The  Resur 
rection. 

WILDER,  BURT  GREEN,  physician, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1841, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  physician,  pro 
fessor  of  physiology  at  Cornell  university 
from  1867;  and  the  author  of  What  Young 
People  Should  Know;  Emergencies;  and 
Health  Notes  for  Students. 

64 


WILDER,  DANIEL  WEBSTER,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  July  15,  1832, 
in  Blackstone,  Mass.  He  is  a  Kansas 
lawyer  and  journalist  who  has  published 
The  Annals  of  Kansas. 

WILDER,  EDWARD  BINNS,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1814,  in  Mon- 
tego  Bay,  Jamaica.  After  graduating 
from  Union  college  of  Schenectady,  N.  Y., 
he  studied  civil  engineering;  and  during 
1846-53  was  engaged  in  exploring  the  min 
eral  resources  of  Cuba.  He  subsequently 
moved  to  California  and  engaged  in  min 
ing  engineering,  and  for  many  years  was 
superintendent  of  the  Ophir  silver  mines 
in  Nevada.  He  resides  in  Salt  Lake  City, 
and  is  a  brother  of  the  late  William  H. 
Wilder,  the  eminent  lawyer  of  New  Or 
leans,  La. 

WILDER,  MARSHALL  PINCKNEY, 
humorist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1859, 
in  Geneva,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
book  entitled  The  People  I've  Smiled 
With. 

WILDER,  WILLIAM  HEATLEY,  law 
yer,  civil  engineer,  philanthropist,  was 
born  March  25,  1813,  in  Beauford,  S.  C. 
After  graduating  from  the  Union  college 
of  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  he  studied  French, 
German,  and  Spanish  in  Europe.  He  sub 
sequently  graduated  from  the  New  York 
university  of  Law;  and  from  1833  was 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  that  profession, 
moving  to  New  Orleans  in  1843.  For 
three  successive  terms  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Louisiana  legislature;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  general  council  of  New  Orleans 
in  1847;  and  subsequently  alderman  for 
a  number  of  years.  He  was  noted  for 
his  great  philanthropy  and  benevolence. 
He  died  March  25,  1898  in  New  Orleans, 
La. 

WILDMAN,  MILTON  MILLARD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1856,  in 
Piatt  county,  111.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education,  and  graduated  from  the 
law  department  of  the  university  of  Mich 
igan.  He  has  attained  success  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  York,  Neb.;  has  filled  various 
offices  of  public  trust;  and  is  now  county 
judge  of  York  county. 

WILDMAN,  ZALMON,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Danbury,  Conn.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1835  to  1836.  He  died 
Dec.  10,  1835,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WILDRICK,  ISAAC,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1849  to  1853. 

WILES,  IRVING  RAMSAY,  artist,  was 
born  April  8,  1861,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  He  is 
known  as  a  clever  figure-painter,  and  his 
Corner  Table  gained  the  third  Hallgarten 
prize  at  the  Academy  of  Design  in  1886. 

WILES,  LEMUEL  MAYNARD,  artist, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1826,  in  Perry,  N.  Y. 
In  1875  he  assumed  the  directorship  of  the 
college  of  Fine  Arts  in  Ingham  university, 
Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1888  he  founded 
the  Silver  Lake  art-school  at  Perry,  N. 
Y.  His  works  include  The  Pillar  of  Fire; 
Mount  San  Jacinto,  California;  Ruins  of 
the  Cathedral  of  San  Juan  Capistrano, 
Cal.;  The  Noonday  Retreat;  The  Vale  of 
Elms;  Snowbound;  and  A  Song  of  the 
Sea. 

WILEY,  CALVIN  HENDERSON,  cler 
gyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
3,  1819,  in  Guilford  county,  N.  C.  He  was 
a  presbyterian  clergyman  and  educator  in 
the  Carolinas;  and  the  author  of  Adven 
tures  of  Old  Dan  Tucker;  Utopia,  a  Pic 
ture  of  Early  Life  at  the  South;  Scrip 
tural  Views  of  National  Trials;  Alamance, 
a  novel;  and  Roanoke,  or  Where  is  Uto 
pia?  He  died  Jan.  11,  1887,  in  Winston, 
N.  C. 


WILEY,  HARVEY  WASHINGTON,  ed 
ucator,  chemist,  was  born  in  1844,  in 
Kent,  Ind.  He  has  been  state  chemist  of 
Indiana;  president  of  the  American 
Chemist  society;  president  of  the  asso 
ciation  of  Official  Agricultural  Chemists; 
and  filled  various  other  positions  of  hon 
or.  He  is  the  author  of  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Agricultural  Analysis:  Part 
I.,  Soils;  Part  II.,  Fertilizers;  and  Part 
III.,  Agricultural  Products. 

WILEY,  ISAAC  WILLIAM,  bishop,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  29,  1825,  in  Lewis- 
ton,  Pa.  He  was  a  bishop  of  the  metho- 
dist  church  from  1872;  and  the  author  of 
The  Fallen  Missionaries  of  Fuh  Chan; 
The  Religion  of  the  Family;  and  China 
and  Japan:  a  Record  of  Observations.  He 
died  in  November,  1884,  in  China. 

WILEY,  JAMES  S.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Maine.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  Maine  from  1847  to 
1849. 

WILEY,  JOHN  M.,  merchant,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  11, 
1846,  in  Ireland.  He  was  elected  to  the 
New  York  legislature  in  1871  and  1872; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

WILEY,  WILLIAM  LORENZO,  business 
man,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1820,  in 
Saxton's  River,  Vt.  For  six  years  he  was 
_^., engaged  in  educa 
tional  work;  then 
entered  mercantile 
work  in  his  native 
place,  where  he  was 
also  postmaster.  In 
1851  he  moved  to 
Illinois,  and  dealt 
largely  in  real  es 
tate.  In  connection 
with  his  brothers, 
George  and  Henry 
Wiley  and  others,  he 
laid  out  the  town  of 
Galva,  and  built  the  first  school  house. 
He  was  the  first  president  of  the  First 
National  bank  of  Galva,  and  a  director 
until  the  charter  expired.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  national  convention 
in  Chicago  that  nominated  Grant  for  pres 
ident;  and  for  many  years  was  vice-presi 
dent  and  director  in  the  Rock  Island  and 
Peoria  Railroad  company.  For  four 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  board 
of  equalization  from  his  district;  and  is 
now  and  has  been  for  years  president  of 
the  board  of  education  of  Galva,  111.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious 
poems,  some  of  which  can  be  found  in 
Poets  of  America,  and  other  standard 
works. 

WILKES,  CHARLES,  naval  officer,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  3,  1798,  in  New  York 
city.  In  1826  he  was  commissioned  a  lieu- 

tenant,   and   in   1830 

was  appointed  to  the 
charge  of  the  United 
States  department  of 
charts  and  instru 
ments.  It  is  said  of 
him  that  he  was  the 
first  man  in  the 
country  to  set  up  fix 
ed  astronomical  in 
struments  and  take 
observations  with 
them.  He  was  com 
missioned  rear-ad 
miral  on  the  retired  list  July  25,  1866. 
He  was  the  author  of  Narrative  of  United 
States  Exploring  Expedition  During  the 
Years  1838-42;  Western  America;  and 
Theory  of  the  Winds.  He  died  Feb.  8. 
1877,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


1010 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WILKES,  GEORGE,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  in  1820  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  a  journalist  of  New  York  city,  ed 
itor  of  The  Spirit  of  the  Times  from  1850; 
and  the  author  of  History  of  California; 
Europe  in  a  Hurry;  and  Shakespeare  from 
an'  American  Point  of  View.  He  died 
Sept.  23,  1885.  in  New  York  city. 

WILKES,  JOHN  SUMMERFIELD,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  March  2,  1841.  in 
Culleoka,  Tenn.  He  served  as  a  soldier 
in  the  confederate  army.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Citizens  National  bank 
of  Pulaski.  Tenn.;  president  of  Martin 
Female  college;  and  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Tennessee. 

W1LKESON,  FRANK,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  8,  1845,  in  Buffalo. 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  journalist  of  Hamilton, 
Wash.;  and  the  author  of  Recollections 
of  a  Private  Soldier  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac. 

WILKESON,  SAMUEL,  manufacturer, 
state  senator,  was  born  in  1781  in  Car 
lisle,  Pa.  He  was  appointed  first  judge 
of  the  Erie  court  of  common  pleas  in 
February,  1821,  though  he  was  without  a 
legal  education,  was  elected  to  the  New 
York  state  senate  in  1842,  and  served  in 
that  body  and  in  the  court  for  the  cor 
rection  of  errors  for  six  years.  In  1836 
he  was  elected  mayor  of  Buffalo.  He 
died  in  July,  1848,  in  Tennessee. 

WILKESON,  SAMUEL,  journalist,  was 
born  May  9,  1817,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He 
was  for  twelve  years  a  staff  writer  on  the 
New  York  Tribune,  and  its  war  corre 
spondent  in  the  army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
was  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Buffalo 
Democracy  and  of  the  Albany  Evening 
Journal,  having  bought  out  Thurlow 
Weed  in  1865.  He  has  been  secretary  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  company 
since  1869. 

WILKIE,  FRANCIS  BANGS,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  July  2,  1832,  in  West 
Charlton,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  Chicago  jour 
nalist;  and  the  author  of  Petrolia,  or 
the  Oil  Regions  of  the  United  States 
(1865);  Davenport,  Past  and  Present; 
Walks  About  Chicago;  The  Chicago  Bar; 
Great  Inventions  and  Their  Influence  on 
Civilization;  The  Gambler,  a  Story  of  Chi 
cago  Life;  Pen  and  Powder;  and  Personal 
Reminiscences.  He  died  in  1892. 

WILKIN,  JAMES  W.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1762.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  New  York 
in  1800;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1815  to  1819.  He  died  Feb. 
23,  1845,  in  Goshen,  N.  Y. 

WILKIN,  SAMUEL  J.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1790  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
assembly  from  Orange  county  in  1824  and 
1825;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1831  to  1833. 
He  was  the  whig  candidate  for  lieutenant- 
governor  on  the  ticket  with  Millard  Fill- 
more.  He  died  March  11,  1866,  in  Goshen, 
N.  Y. 

WILKINS,  BEN  C.,  telegraph  manager, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1849,  in  Fond 
du  Lac,  Wis.  For  thirty  years  he  has 
been  connected  with  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  company  in  Wisconsin,  Iowa 
and  Dakota,  and  is  now  telegraph  man 
ager  at  Ashland,  Wis.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  prose  work  entitled  Cruise  of  the  Little 
Nan,  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

WILKINS,  BERIAH,  merchant,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  July  10, 
1846,  in  Union  county,  Ohio.  He  became 
cashier  and  general  manager  of  the  Na 
tional  bank  at  Urichsville,  Ohio.  He  was 
elected  a  state  senator  in  1879;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 


forty-eighth  congress;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

WILKINS,  JOHN  HUBBARD,  author, 
was  born  in  1794,  in  New  Hampshire. 
He  was  a  Boston  writer  whose  Elements 
of  Astronomy  was  long  popular  as  a  text 
book.  He  died  in  1861. 

WILKIixS.  MARY  ELEANOR,  author, 
was  born  in  1862  in  Randolph,  Mass.  She 
is  a  novelist  of  Randolph,  Mass.  Her  fic 
tion  deals  almost  entirely  with  phases 
of  New  England  rural  life.  She  is  the 
author  of  A  Humble  Romance,  and  Other 
Stories;  A  New  England  Nun,  and  Other 
Stories;  Young  Lucretia,  and  Other 
Stories;  The  Pot  of  Gold,  a  collection  of 
juvenile  tales;  Jane  Field;  Pembroke; 
Madelon:  Giles  Corey,  Yeoman,  a  Play; 
Jerome,  a  Poor  Man;  The  Adventures  of 
Ann;  Comfort  Pease  and  her  Gold  Ring; 
and  The  Long  Arm  (with  J.  E.  Cham- 
berlin). 

WILKINS,  ROSS,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  February,  1799,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
He  was  a  federal  judge  for  the  territory 
of  Michigan;  and  in  1837  was  appointed 
a  regent  of  the  state  university.  He  pre 
sided  over  the  first  war  meeting  held  in 
Detroit  after  the  commencement  of  the 
rebellion;  and  was,  for  a  great  many 
years,  a  circuit  judge,  remaining  in  office 
until  1870.  He  died  May  17,  1872,  in 
Detroit,  Mich. 

WILKINS,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
20,  1779,  in  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was  a  sena 
tor  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1831  to  1834.  He  was  appointed  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  Russia  in  1834;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  1843 
to  1844.  In  1844  and  1845  he  was  secre 
tary  of  war  under  President  Tyler;  and 
subsequently  held  the  office  of  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  for  west 
ern  Pennsylvania.  He  died  June  23,  1865, 
near  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

WILKINSON,  ADOLPHUS  C.,  lawyer, 
was  born  July  16,  1853,  in  England.  In 
1877  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Wis 
consin;  was  a  member  of  the  county 
board  of  supervisors  several  times  in  Wis 
consin;  court  commissioner  and  district 
attorney;  and  local  attorney  for  the  lead 
ing  railroad  companies  in  Wisconsin;  and 
for  the  past  ten  years  has  been  attorney 
for  the  Great  Northern  Railway  com 
pany  at  Crookston,  Minn. 

WILKINSON,  JAMES,  soldier,  gover 
nor,  author,  was  born  in  1757  near  Bene 
dict,  Md.  He  was  governor  of  Louisiana 
territory  from  1805  to  1807.  He  was  gen- 
eral-in-chief  of  the  army,  and  remained 
at  the  head  of  the  southern  department 
until  1811;  and  in  1812  was  appointed 
brevet  major-general.  In  1813  he  be 
came  major-general.  After  the  war  he 
removed  to  Mexico,  where  he  purchased 
large  estates.  He  wrote  Memories  of  My 
Own  Times.  He  died  Dec.  28,  1825,  near 
the  City  of  Mexico. 

WILKINSON,  JAMES  .,,MON,  poet, 
was  born  Feb.  8,  1876,  in  Oneida,  Kan. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems 
entitled  Hours  in  Dreamland. 

WILKINSON,  JEMIMA,  religious  im 
postor,  was  born  in  1753  in  Cumberland, 
R.  I.  She  professed  to  be  endowed  with 
the  power  of  Christ,  and  alleged  that  she 
could  work  miracles.  She  removed  with 
a  few  proselytes  to  Crooked  Lake  in  New 
York.  She  died  July  1,  1819,  in  Jerusa 
lem,  N.  Y. 

WILKINSON,  JOHN,  naval  officer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1821,  in  Norfolk, 
Va.  He  is  a  confederate  naval  officer  who 


has  published  The  Narrative  of  a  Block 
ade  Runner. 

WILKINSON,  JOHN  MILES,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1853,  in 
Toronto,  Canada.  He  graduated  in  arts 
from  the  Toronto  university;  was  vale 
dictorian  and  won  the  prize  in  elocution 
and  oratory.  For  three  years  he  was  pas 
tor  of  the  Agnes  Street  Methodist  church 
of  Toronto,  Canada,  and  subsequently  or 
ganized  the  People's  Tabernacle  of  that 
city.  He  is  now  the  well  known  clergy 
man  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church  of 
St.  Peter.  Minn.  As  an  orator  and  lec 
turer  he  has  attained  a  wide  reputation. 

WILKINSON,  MORTON  SMITH,  law 
yer,  state  senator,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1819, 
in  Skaneateles,  N.  Y.  In  1847  he  settled 
in  Minnesota;  and  in  1849,  when  that  ter 
ritory  was  organized,  was  elected  to  the 
legislature,  and  the  laws  adopted  by  the 
territory  as  its  code  were  of  his  draught 
ing.  In  1859  he  was  chosen  a  senator 
in  congress  from  Minnesota  for  the  term 
ending  in  1865.  He  was  subsequently 
elected  to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a 
representative  from  Minnesota. 

WILKINSON,  THEODORE  STARK, 
planter,  congressman,  was  born  Dec.  18, 
1847,  in  Plaquemines  Parish,  La.  He  was' 
a  member  and  president  of  the  board  of 
levee  commissioners  for  the  third  levee 
district;  and  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress  as  a  democrat. 

WILKINSON,  ULYSSES  GRANT,  law 
yer,  clergyman,  writer,  was  born  July  30, 
1863,  in  Green  county,  Mo.  He  has  at 
tained  prominence  both  as  a  successful 
lawyer  and  an  eminent  clergyman,  in  Co- 
manche,  Indian  Territory.  He  also  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature. 

WILKINSON,  WILLIAM  CLEAVER, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  1833,  in  Westford,  Vt.  He  is  a 
baptist  clergyman  and  educator;  and  the 
author  of  Poems;  A  Free  Lance  in  the 
Field  of  Life  and  Letters;  Webster,  an 
Ode;  The  Baptist  Principle;  The  Epic  of 
Saul;  The  Dance  of  Modern  Society;  and 
College  .Greek  Course  in  English,  and 
other  text-books. 

WILL,  THOMAS  ELMER,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1861, 
in  Stones  Prairie,  111.  He  has  attained 
success  in  educational  work;  has  lectured 
extensively;  and  is  now  the  president  of 
the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  college  of 
Manhattan. 

WILLARD,  ALLIE  CAPITOLA,  jour 
nalist,  temperance  worker,  was  born  April 
13,  1860,  near  Nauvoo.  111.  For  five  years 

she   was    postmaster 

of  Loup  City,  Neb.; 
and    in    1889    was    a 
clerk  in  the  Nebras 
ka  senate.     She  then 
(I    engaged   in   journal- 
I   istic    work,    and     in 
I   1893  went  to  Europe 
I  for  study  and  travel. 
I  For  eighteen  months 
I   she  was  manager  of 
the  business  office  of 
Lady   Henry   Somer 
set's  newspaper,  The 

Woman's  Signal,  at  Memorial  Hall,  Lon 
don,  England;  in  which  city  she  also  ed 
ited  for  a  year  The  Woman's  Signal  Bud 
get,  the  organ  of  the  British  Women's 
Temperance  as-sociation. 

WILLARD,  ASHBEL  P.,  governor.  He 
was  governor  of  Indiana  from  1857  until 
his  death,  in  1861.  He  died  in  1861. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WILLARD,  ASHTON  ROLLINS,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1858  in  Vermont. 
He  is  a  lawyer  of  Boston;  and  the  au 
thor  of  A  Sketch  of  the  Life  and  Work 
of  the  Painter  Domenieo  Morelli;  and 
Legislative  Handbook  Relating  to  Uie 
Preparation  of  Statutes. 

WILLARD,  CHARLES  W.,  lawyer, 
journalist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  June  18,  1827,  in  Lyndon,  Vt. 
He  was  elected  secretary  of  state  in  1855, 
and  declined  a  re-election.  He  was  elected 
a  state  senator  in  1860;  and  in  1861  be 
came  the  editor  of  the  Green  Mountain 
Freeman.  In  18G8  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Vermont  to  the  forty- 
first  congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-second  congress. 

WILLARD,  MRS.  EMMA  [HART],  edu 
cator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  23, 
1787,  in  Berlin,  Conn.  She  was  a  noted 
educator  of  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Journal  and  Letters  from  France 
and  Great  Britain;  History  of  the  United 
States;  Universal  History  in  Perspective; 
Treatise  on  the  Circulation  of  the  Blood; 
Last  Leaves  of  American  History;  and 
Poems.  She  wrote  the  well  known  poem, 
Rocked  in  the  Cradle  of  the  Deep.  She 
died  April  15,  1870,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

WILLARD,  FRANCES  ELIZABETH, 
temperance  reformer,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  28,  1839,  near  Rochester,  N.  Y.  In 
1871  she  became 
president  of  Evans- 
ton  college;  and  in 
1874  resigned  to  join 
the  Woman's  Chris 
tian  Temperance  un 
ion.  In  1879  she  was 
elected  president, 
which  position  she 
held  until  her  death. 
In  the  cause  of  tem 
perance  she  visited 
every  state  and  ter 
ritory  in  the  United 
States,  and  Europe.  She  published  eight 
volumes,  of  which  the  chief  are  Nineteen 
Beautiful  Years;  Woman  and  Temper 
ance;  Glimpses  of  Fifty  Years;  How  to 
Win;  Woman  in  the  Pulpit;  and  A  Great 
Mother.  She  died  Feb.  17,  1898,  in  New 
York  city. 

WILLARD,  GEORGE,  journalist,  edu 
cator,  congressman,  was  born  March  20, 

1824,  in  Bolton,  Vt.     He  was  for  two  years 
a  professor  in  Kalamazoo  college,  Mich.; 
and  was  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Bat 
tle  Creek  Journal.     He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from   Michigan  to  the   forty- 
third    and    forty-fourth    congresses    as    a 
republican. 

WILLARD,  HORACE  BIRNEY,  physi 
cian,  legislator,  poet,  was  born  May  2, 

1825,  in  Volney,  N.  Y.     He  graduated  in 

1849,  from  the  Gene 
va  Medical  college, 
and  for  twenty  years 
practiced  medicine 
with  success,  which 
profession  failing 
health  compelled 
him  to  abandon.  He 
served  several  years 
in  the  county  board 
of  supervisors;  one 
year  as  mayor  of 
Fort  Atkinson;  and 
in  1861  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Wiscon 
sin  legislature.  Mr.  Willard  has  been 
often  called  to  other  places  of  public 
trust  and  responsibility.  He  is  now  vice- 
president  of  the  Citizen's  State  bank  at 
Fort  Atkinson,  Wis.,  where  he  now  re 
sides. 


WILLARD,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  May  20,  1792,  in  Guilford,  Conn. 
He  was  an  eminent  jurist  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  Equity  Jurispru 
dence;  Treatise  on  Executors,  Adminis 
trators,  and  Guardians;  and  Real  Estate 
and  Conveyancing.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1862, 
in  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. 

WILLARD,  JOHN  DWIGHT,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1799,  in 
Lancaster,  N.  Y.  In  1826  he  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  Troy,  N.  Y.;  and  was 
editor  of  the  Troy  Sentinel  for  a  num 
ber  of  years.  He  served  as  a  state  sen 
ator;  and  as  judge  of  the  New  York 
circuit  court.  He  was  the  author  of  i  rea 
lise  on  Equity  Jurisprudence;  Law  of 
Real  Estate;  and  other  works.  He  left 
ten  thousand  dollars  to  Dartmouth  col 
lege,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1819. 
He  died  Oct.  16,  1864,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

WILLARD.  JOSEPH,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1738,  in 
Biddeford,  Maine.  In  1781  he  became 
president  of  Harvard  college.  He  died 
Sept.  25,  1804,  in  North  Bedford,  Mass. 

WILLARD,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  March  14,  1798,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  He  was  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Boston,  Mass.;  and  the  author  of  a  His 
tory  of  Lancaster;  A  Family  Genealogy; 
and  other  works.  He  died  May  12,  1865, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

WILLARD,  JOSEPH  AUGUSTUS,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1816,  in  Massa 
chusetts.  He  is  a  clerk  of  the  superior 
court  of  Massachusetts  for  Suffolk  coun 
ty,  from  1865.  His  connection  with  courts 
of  justice  began  in  1846.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Half  a  Century  with  Judges  and 
Lawyers. 

WILLARD,  JOSEPH  CLAPP,  was  born 
Nov.   11,   1820,   at  Westminster,  Vt.     Re 
turning  from  California  after  a  successful 
career        financially, 
he  decided  to  locate 
in     Washington,    D. 
C.,      then      scarcely 
more  than  an  infant 
city,  where  he  asso 
ciated     himself  with 
his  brothers,   Edwin 
Dorr  and  Henry  Au 
gustus,   in   Willard's 
Hotel,          originally 
known     as     Fuller's 
City     Hotel.       After 
having       been       for 
years  identified  with  Willard's  Hotel,  Mr. 
Willard  became  in  1892  sole  owner  of  the 
property  which  is  yet  in  his  hands.    It  is 
the  best  known  hotel  in  the  United  States. 

WILLARD,  JOSIAH,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  May  1,  1681,  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  secretary  of  Massachusetts  from  Iii7 
until  his  death,  being  known  as  the  good 
secretary.  He  was  judge  of  probate  in 
1731,  and  a  member  of  the  council  in 
1734.  He  died  Dec.  6,  1756,  in  Newport, 
R.  I. 

WILLARD,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  author,  was  born  Jan.  31, 
1640,  in  Concord,  Mass.  He  was  a  con 
gregational  clergyman  of  Boston,  and 
president  of  Harvard  university,  1701-07. 
Of  his  many  works,  A  Complete  Body  of 
Divinity  is  the  best  known.  Others  are, 
Peril  of  the  Times  Displayed;  Covenant- 
Keeping  the  Way  to  Blessedness;  and  Ne 
Sutor  Ultra  Crepidam.  He  died  Sept.  12, 
1707,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WILLARD,  SIMON,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  April,  1605,  in  England. 
He  was  a  founder  of  Concord;  and  rep 
resented  it  in  the  legislature  from  1636 
till  1654,  and  was  assistant  and  councilor 
from  1654  till  1676.  He  became  a  magis- 


ML* 


trate  and  died  while  holding  a  court  in 
Charlestown.  He  died  April  24,  1676,  in 
Charlestown,  Mass. 

WILLARD.  SYDNEY,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  19,  1780,  in  Beverly,  Mass. 
He  was  a  professor  of  Hebrew  at  Har 
vard  university  in  1801-31;  and  the  author 
of  Hebrew  Grammar;  and  Memories  of 
Youth  and  Manhood.  He  died  Dec.  6, 
1856,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WILLARD,  SYLVESTER  DAVID,  phy 
sician,  author,  was  born  June  19,  1825,  in 
Wilton,  Conn.  He  was  an  Albany  physi 
cian,  surgeon-general  of  New  York  at  the 
time  of  his  death.  The  Willard  Asylum 
for  the  Insane  was  named  for  him.  He 
was  the  author  of  Biographical  Memoirs 
of  Physicians  of  Albany  County;  and  An 
nals  of  the  Albany  County  Medical  Soci 
ety.  He  died  April  2  1865,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

WILLCOX,  ORLANDO  BOLIVAR,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  April  16,  1823,  in 
Detroit.  Mich.  He  served  with  distinction 
throughout  the  Mexican  and  civil  wars, 
and  was  brevetted  major-general  of  vol 
unteers  in  1865.  In  1886  he  was  promoted 
to  brigadier-general  of  the  regular  army, 
and  was  retired  in  1887.  In  1888  he  was 
made  governor  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  of 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  is  the  author  of 
Shoepack  Recollections;  and  Faca,  an 
Army  Memoir. 

WILLCOX,  WASHINGTON  F.,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Killingworth, 
Conn.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Connecticut  house  of 
representatives  in 
1862  and  1863;  and 
(  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  in  1875 
and  1876.  He  was 
appointed  state  at- 
torney  in  1875,  and 
held  that  office  con 
tinuously  for  eight" 
years.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty- 
second  congress  as  a  democrat.  In  1897 
he  was  appointed  railroad  commissioner; 
and  was  elected  by  his  associates  chair 
man  of  the  board. 

WILLERS,  DIEDRICH,  soldier,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1798,  in  Germany. 
For  five  years  he  served  in  the  German 
army,  and  was  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo 
with  the  allied  army  under  the  Duke  of 
Wellington.  In  1819  he  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  and  was  ordained  a  clergy 
man  in  1821.  For  sixty  years  he  was  pas 
tor  of  the  German  reformed  church.  He 
stood  high  in  his  religious  denomination, 
and  frequently  presided  over  its  synods. 
He  died  May  13,  1883,  in  Varick,  N.  Y. 

WILLERS,  DIEDRICH,  educator,  law 
yer,  public  official,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
3,  1833,  in  Varick,  N.  Y.  He  was  edu 
cated  principally  in  the  public  schools  and 
under  the  direction  of  his  father.  In  his 
youth  he  taught  school  for  several  years, 
and  afterward  graduated  from  the  Albany 
Law  school,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
In  1864  he  served  as  private  secretary  to 
Governor  Horatio  Seymour;  was  elected 
supervisor  of  Varick  in  1865-66.  For  six 
years  he  was  clerk  in  the  office  of  the 
secretary  of  state  of  Albany;  was  eight 
years  a  deputy;  and  for  two  years  served 
with  distinction  as  secretary  of  state.  In 
1878  he  was  a  member  of  the  assembly 
of  the  New  York  state  legislature,  and 
was  on  several  important  committees. 
He  still  resides  in  the  place  of  his  na 
tivity;  has  given  much  attention  and  re 
search  to  local  history,  and  is  the  author 
of  several  local  publications. 


1012 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WILLETT,  JOSEPH  EDGERTON,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1826,  in 
Macon,  Ga.  He  is  a  professor  of  natural 
science  in  Mercer  university,  Macon,  Ga., 
from  1849;  and  the  author  of  The  Wond 
ers  of  Insect  Life. 

WILLETT,  MARINUS,  soldier,  was 
born  July  31,  1740,  in  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 
He  served  with  distinction  through  the 
revolutionary  war;  and  in  1792  was  ap 
pointed  a  brigadier-general.  In  1807  he 
was  mayor  of  New  York  city.  He  pub 
lished  an  Autobiography.  He  died  Aug. 
22,  1830,  in  New  York  city. 

WILLETT,  WILLIAM  MARINUS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1803,  in 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  and  educator;  and  the  author  of 
Scenes  in  the  Wilderness;  A  New  Life 
of  Summerfield;  Life  and  Times  of  Herod 
the  Great;  Herod  Antipas;  The  Messiah; 
and  The  Restitution  of  All  Things.  He 
died  in  1895. 

WILLETTS,  DEBORAH,  was  born  in 
1789  in  Marshfield,  Mass.  She  was  a  skil 
ful  grammarian,  and  was  often  consulted 
on  difficult  questions  by  Goold  Brown, 
who  in  the  preface  of  his  celebrated  gram 
mar,  acknowledged  his  indebtedness  to 
her.  She  died  in  1880  near  Mechanic, 
N.  Y. 

WILLETTS,  JACOB,  educator,  was  born 
in  1785  in  Fishkill,  N.  Y.  He  was  an  ac 
complished  mathematician,  and  published 
text-books  of  geography,  arithmetic,  and 
bookkeeping,  which  were  much  used 
throughout  the  world.  He  died  Sept.  12, 
1860,  near  Mechanic.  N.  Y. 

WILLEY,  AUSTIN,  clergyman,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  June  24,  1806,  in 
Campion,  N.  H.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  Maine,  long  prominent  as 
an  abolitionist,  and  the  editor  of  The  Ad 
vocate  of  Freedom,  in  1839-58.  After  the 
"•  latter  date  he  lived  at  Northfleld,  Minn. 
He  was  the  author  of  Family  Memorial; 
and  History  of  the  Anti-Slavery  Cause  in 
State  and  Nation.  He  died  in  1896. 

WILLEY,  BENJAMIN  GLAZIER,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1796,  in 
Conway,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman  of  New  Hampshire  who  wrote 
a  History  of  the  White  Mountains.  He 
died  April  17,  1867,  in  East  Summer, 
Maine. 

WIU.EY,  CALVIN,  lawyer,  jurist,  Unit 
ed  States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1776, 
in  East  Haddam,  Conn.  He  served  in  the 
Connecticut  state  legislature  and  senate 
a  number  of  years;  and  was  postmaster 
at  Stafford  Springs  eight  years.  He  was 
a  judge  of  probate  for  seven  years;  and 
In  1824  was  a  presidential  elector.  He 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  1825  to 
1831.  He  died  Aug.  23,  1858,  in  Stafford, 
Conn. 

WILLEY,  HENRY,  botanist,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  July  19,  1824, 
in  Geneseo,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of 
List  of  North  American  Lichens;  Intro 
duction  to  the  Study  of  Lichens;  and 
Synopsis  of  the  Genus  Athona. 

WILLEY,  NORMAN  BUSHNELL,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  March  25,  1838.  in  Gull- 
ford,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  successful  miner 
and  was  elected  governor  of  Idaho  in 
1S90. 

WILLEY,  WAITMAN  THOMAS,  law 
yer,  lecturer,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  18,  1811,  in  Monongalia,  W.  Va. 
In  1861  he  was  elected  senator  in  con 
gress;  and  at  the  close  of  that  year  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Wheeling  constitutional 
convention.  In  1863  he  was  elected  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  West  Virginia;  and 
in  1864  was  re-elected  to  the  senate  for 


the  term  commencing  in  1865  and  ending 
in   1871. 

WILLIAMS,  ABRAM  PEASE,  agricul 
turist,  merchant.  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Feb.  3,  1832,  near  Portland. 
Maine.  In  1861  he  moved  to  San  Fran 
cisco;  and  is  an  importer,  stock  raiser, 
and  farmer.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  San  Francisco  board  of  trade,  and 
its  first  president;  and  is  a  member  of 
the  San  Francisco  chamber  of  commerce. 
He  was  elected  United  States  senator  by 
the  California  legislature  in  1886  to  fill  'a 
vacancy. 

WILLIAMS,  ALFRED  MASON,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1840  in 
Massachusetts.  He  was  a  Providence 
journalist,  editor  of  The  Journal;  and  the 
author  of  The  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Ire 
land;  Studies  in  Folk-Song  and  Popular 
Poetry;  and  Sam  Houston  and  the  War 
of  Independence  in  Texas.  He  died  in 
1896. 

WILLIAMS,  ALPHEUS  STARKEY,  sol 
dier,  journalist,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1810,  in  Say- 
brook,  Conn.  From  1840  to  1844  he  was 
judge  of  probate  for  Wayne  county,  Mich.; 
was  recorder  of  the  city  of  Detroit;  and 
from  1843  to  1847  was  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Detroit  Daily  Advertiser.  He 
served  through  the  Mexican  war  as  lieu 
tenant-colonel;  and  in  1849  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Detroit.  When  the  civil 
war  began  he  was  made  major-general 
of  militia,  and  was  president  of  the  state 
military  board.  He  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  a  brigadier-general  in  the  na 
tional  army,  and  performed  much  service 
on  the  upper  Potomac.  From  1866  to  1869 
he  was  minister  resident  to  San  Salvador. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth 
congress.  He  died  Dec.  21,  1878,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

WILLIAMS,  ANDREW,  manufacturer, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1828,  in 
Canada.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-fourth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  republican. 

WILLIAMS,  MRS.  ANNA  [BOLLES], 
author,  was  born  in  1840  in  Connecticut. 
She  is  a  writer  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  who 
has  written  a  number  of  popular  juvenile 
tales.  She  is  the  author  of  Birch  wood; 
Professor  Johnny;  The  Fitch  Club;  Who 
Saved  the  Ship?;  Rolf  and  His  Friends; 
Scotch  Caps;  Giant  Dwarf;  and  Riverside 
Museum. 

WILLIAMS,  ARCHIBALD  H.  A.,  sol 
dier,  agriculturist,  congressman,  was  born 
Oct.  22,  1842,  in  Franklin  county,  N.  C. 
He  served  four  years  in  the  army  of  nor 
thern  Virginia,  and  at  the  surrender  of 
Appomattox  Court-House  was  captain  of 
his  company.  Since  the  war  he  has  been 
engaged  in  farming  and  merchandising; 
and  was  instrumental  in  building  the  Ox 
ford  and  Henderson  railroad,  which  was 
for  several  years  under  his  management. 
He  has  twice  represented  Granville  coun 
ty  in  the  North  Carolina  legislature;  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

WILLIAMS,  BARNEY,  actor,  was  born 
in  1823  in  Ireland.  In  1867  he  became 
manager  of  Wallack's  old  Broadway  thea 
ter  in  New  York  city  and  subsequently 
he  played  with  success  in  this  country. 
Great  Britain  and  Canada.  Mr.  Williams 
attained  a  wide  reputation  as  an  Irish 
comedian.  Among  his  last  plays  were 
The  Emerald  Ring;  The  Connie  Soogah; 
and  The  Fairy  Circle.  He  died  April  25, 
1876,  in  New  York  city. 


WILLIAMS,  BENJAMIN,  state  legisla 
tor,  congressman,  governor,  was  born  in 
1754  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  a  pat 
riot  of  the  revolution;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  congress  from  1793  to  1795.  He 
also  ser\  ed  many  years  in  the  state  legis 
lature;  and  was  twice  elected  governor  of 
North  Carolina,  in  1799  and  1807.  He  died 
in  1814  in  North  Carolina. 

WILLIAMS,  BETSEY,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  1789  in  Cranston,  R.  I.  She 
inherited  a  farm  of  one  hundred  acres, 
by  direct  succession  through  five  genera 
tions,  from  Roger  Williams,  and  be 
queathed  it  to  the  city  of  Providence  to 
form  the  park  that  bears  his  name.  She 
died  Nov.  27,  1871,  in  Cranston,  R.  I. 

WILLIAMS,  MRS.  CATHERINE  R. 
[ARNOLD],  author,  was  born  in  1787 
in  Providence,  R.  I.  She  was  a  Provi 
dence  writer;  and  the  author  of  Original 
Poems;  Religion  at  Home;  Tales:  Na 
tional  and  Revolutionary;  Fall  River,  an 
Authentic  Narrative;  Neutral  French; 
Annals  of  the  Aristocracy  of  Rhode  Isl 
and;  and  Aristocracy:  a  novel.  She  died 
Oct.  11,  1872,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

WILLIAMS,  CEYLON  F.,  musician, 
business  man,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1842,  in 
Dupage  county,  111.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war  in  company  A,  first  regiment  Ne 
braska  volunteer  infantry,  as  a  musician. 
He  then  engaged  in  telegraphy,  and  rail 
roading;  was  a  steamboat  pilot;  and  filled 
several  public  positions.  He  next  studied 
real  estate  law,  and  in  1876  established 
a  real  estate,  mortgage  and  loan  business 
in  Nebraska.  He  is  now  a  broker  and 
financier  of  Seattle,  Wash.  He  has  been 
an  Odd  Fellow  for  over  thirty  years,  and 
in  1896-97  was  elected  grand  master  of 
Washington. 

WILLIAMS,  CHANNING  MOORE,  bish 
op,  was  born  July  18,  1829,  in  Richmond, 
Va.  He  was  consecrated  missionary  bish 
op  of  China,  with  jurisdiction  in  Japan, 
in  1866. 

WILLIAMS,  CHARLES  FREDERIC, 
author,  was  born  in  1842  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Tariff  Laws 
of  the  United  States,  with  Explanatory 
Notes;  and  Index  of  Cases  Overruled  by 
the  Courts  of  America,  England,  and  Ire 
land  from  1873  to  1887.  He  edited  the 
last  eight  volumes  of  The  American  and 
English  Cyclopaedia  of  Law.  He  died  in 
1895. 

WILLIAMS,  CHARLES  G.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  18, 
1829,  in  Royalton,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1868;  and  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  for  two  years.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and  forty- 
fourth  congresses;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  and  forty-sev 
enth  congresses.  In  1883  he  was  appoint 
ed  register  of  a  land  district  in  southern 
Dakota. 

WILLIAMS,  CHARLES  KILBOURNE, 
soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born 
Jan.  24,  1782,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  In 
1812  he  served  during  one  campaign  on 
the  northern  frontier.  Between  1809  and 
1821  he  was  several  times  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Vermont  legislature;  and 
again  in  1849.  He  was  state's  attorney  in 
1814  and  1815;  was  a  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  from  1822  to  1824,  and  from 
1829  to  1842;  and  was  collector  of  cus 
toms  for  the  district  of  Vermont  from 
1825  to  1829.  He  was  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Vermont  from  1843  to 
1846;  and  was  president  of  the  council  of 
censors  in  1847.  He  was  governor  of  Ver 
mont  from  1850  to  1852.  He  died  March 
9,  1853,  in  Rutland,  Vt. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA       OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1013 


WILLIAMS,  CHARLES  LANGDuN, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1821  in  Rut 
land,  Vt.  He  practiced  law  in  Brandon, 
Vt.,  in  1844-48,  and  afterward  in  Rutland. 
He  published  Statistics  of  the  Rutland 
County  Bar,  with  biographical  sketches; 
Statutes  of  Vermont;  and  vols.  xxvii.- 
xxix.  of  Vermont  Supreme  Court  Reports. 
He  died  Feb.  10,  1861,  in  Rutland,  Vt. 

WILLIAMS,  CHARLES  MILLER,  law 
yer,  was  born  April  30,  1851,  in  Roches 
ter,  N.  Y.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Rochester  Collegiate  institute,  the 
Rochester  Free  academy;  in  1871  gradu 
ated  from  the  university  of  Rochester, 
and  subsequently  from  the  Albany  Law 
school.  In  1875  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  has  attained  prominence  as  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  east  at 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  In  1879-81  he  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  education;  and 
since  1891  has  been  secretary  and  treas 
urer  of  the  university  of  Rochester.  He  is 
a  prominent  Mason,  and  takes  an  active 
part  in  public  affairs. 

WILLIAMS,  CHRISTOPHER  H.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Tennessee.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1837  to  1843,  and  again 
from  1849  to  1853. 

WILLIAMS,  DANIEL  OVERTAN,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1856,  in  Alexan 
dria,  Tenn.  He  has  attained  success  in 
the  profession  of  law  in  his  native  city; 
has  been  justice  of  the  peace,  county 
judge,  special  chancellor,  circuit  judge, 
and  special  attorney-general. 

WILLIAMS.  DAVID,  soldier,  was  born 
Oct.  21,  1754,  in  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.  He 
served  with  distinction  through  the  revo 
lutionary  war;  with  John  Paulding  and 
Isaac  Van  Wart  he  was  one  of  the  cap 
tors  of  Major  John  Andre  in  1780.  He 
received  a  silver  medal  from  congress  and 
a  pension  of  two  hundred  dollars  a  year 
for  that  service.  A  monument  has  been 
erected  to  his  memory  by  the  state  at 
the  Stone  Fort  near  Schoharie  Court 
House.  He  died  Aug.  2,  1831,  near  Liv- 
ingstonville,  N.  Y. 

WILLIAMS,  DAVID  ROGERSON,  con 
gressman,  governor,  was  born  March  10, 
1776,  in  Robbins  Neck,  S.  C.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  South 
Carolina  from  1805  to  1809,  and  again 
from  1811  to  1813,  in  which  year  he  was 
appointed  a  brigadier-general.  He  was 
governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1814  to 
1816.  He  died  Nov.  15,  1830,  in  Lynch's 
Creek,  S.  C. 

WILLIAMS,  DWIGHT,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  April  26,  1824,  in  Rippleton,  N. 
Y.  Most  of  his  life  was  spent  in  pastoral 
work  in  the  state 
of  New  York.  For 
some  years  Rev. 
Williams  devoted 
himself  to  editorial 
work;  he  has  con 
tributed  to  the  cur 
rent  literature  of  the 
day;  and  many  of 
his  productions  have 
been  extensively  co 
pied  by  the  press  of 
this  and  other  coun 
tries.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  three  small  volumes  of  poems, 
the  last  and  best  of  which  perhaps  is 
The  Beautiful  City.  His  verses  always 
contain  much  delicate  sentiment  and  pur 
ity  of  thought  and  feeling. 

WILLIAMS,  EDWARD  H.,  manufactur 
er,  philanthropist,  was  born  June  1, 
1824,  in  Woodstock,  Vt.  He  has  traveled 
extensively  for  the  Baldwin  Locomotive 
works,  of  which  he  is  a  partner,  and  has 
introduced  the  Baldwin  locomotives  to 


Europe,  South  America,  Australia  and  Ja 
pan.  Williams  Hall  at  Carleton  college, 
Minnesota,  was  built  by  him  and  a  six 
teen  inch  telescope  given  to  the  institu 
tion  in  1891.  He  has  also  presented  the 
Norman  Williams  library  to  Woodstock, 
Vt.,  and,  in  memory  of  his  wife,  a  build 
ing  to  the  university  of  Vermont. 

WILLIAMS,  EDWIN,  author,  was  born 
March  7,  1797,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  was 
a  writer  of  New  York  city;  and  the  author 
of  The  Politician's  Manual;  New  Univer 
sal  Gazetteer;  Book  of  the  Constitution; 
New  York  as  It  IB;  Arctic  Voyages;  The 
Fortunate  Puzzler;  The  Statesman's  Man 
ual;  and  The  Twelve  Stars  of  the  Re 
public.  He  died  Oct.  21,  1854,  in  New 
York  city. 

WILLIAMS,  ELEAZER,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1787  in  Caughnawaga, 
N.  Y.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergyman  at 
Green  Bay,  Wis.,  supposed  by  some  per 
sons  to  have  been  Louis  XVII,  of  France. 
He  published  A  Spelling-Book  in  the  Lan 
guage  of  the  Seven  Iroquois  Nations,  and 
other  works  in  Iroquois.  He  died  Aug. 
28,  1858,  .in  Hoganstown,  N.  Y. 

WILLIAMS,  ELIHU  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1835,  in 
Bethel  township,  Ohio.  He  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  seventy-first  Ohio  volunteer 
infantry;  and  was  commissioned  first- 
lieutenant  in  1862.  He  was  promoted  to 
captain  in  1863.  He  was  attorney-general 
of  the  sixth  judicial  district  of  Tennessee 
from  1865  till  1867;  and  was  elected  to 
the  Tennessee  house  of  representatives  in 
1867.  He  removed  to  Troy,  Ohio,  in  1875; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-first  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

WILLIAMS,  ELISHA,  clergyman,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1694,  in 
Hatfield,  Mass.  He  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  in  1721,  and  served  the  church  at 
Wethersfield  till  1726,  when  he  became 
president  of  Yale,  holding  office  till  1739. 
He  died  July  24,  1755,  in  Wethersfield, 
Conn. 

WILLIAMS,  ELIZABETH  FINCK 
MINUSE,  writer,  poet,  was  born  May  23, 
1843,  in  Fort  Avery,  Ohio.  For  many 
years  she  was  engaged  in  educational 
work,  and  is  well  known  as  a  contribu 
tor  of  prose  and  verse  to  current  litera 
ture.  Her  poems  have  appeared  in  the 
leading  magazines  and  have  been  highly 
eulogized. 

WILLIAMS,  ELKANAH,  physician,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1822,  in  Law 
rence  county,  Ind.  He  was  ophthalmic 
surgeon  to  the  Commercial  hospital  in 
Cincinnati  in  1862-72,  and  early  in  the 
civil  war  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon 
to  the  United  States  marine  hospital, 
which  post  he  held  till  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  died  Oct.  5,  1888,  in  Hazlewoed, 
Pa. 

WILLIAMS,  EPHRAIM,  soldier,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1715,  in  New 
ton,  Mass.  Possessing  a  grant  of  land  in 
the  present  township  of  Williamstown, 
Mass.,  he  bequeathed  his  property  to 
found  a  free  school  there,  which  after- 
•ward  became  Williams  college.  He  was 
killed  while  leading  a  regiment  to  the 
invasion  of  Canada,  Sept.  8.  1755,  near 
George  Lake,  N.  Y. 

WILLIAMS,  ESPY  WILLIAM  HEND- 
RICKS,  merchant,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  30, 
1852,  in  Carrollton,  La.  Since  1869  he  has 
been  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in 
New  Orleans,  La.,  where  he  is  also  a 
prominent  banker.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  The  Dream  of 
Art  and  Other  Poems;  and  as  a  drama 
tist  he  is  best  known. 


WILLIAMS,  FRANCIS  S.,  educator,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  17,  1822,  in  West 
Mendon,  N.  Y.  For  thirty-five  years  he 
has  been  actively  engaged  in  educational 
work;  and  for  twenty-five  years  was  con 
nected  with  the  schools  of  Wheeling,  W. 
Va.  He  is  now  engaged  in  his  profession 
in  Minneapolis,  Minn.;  and  takes  an  ac 
tive  part  in  various  educational  societies. 

WILLIAMS,  FRANCIS  HOWARD,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1844  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  is  a  writer  of  Philadelphia. 
His  plays  include  The  Princess  Eliza 
beth,  a  Lyric  Drama;  The  Higher  Edu 
cation;  A  Reformer  in  Ruffles;  Master 
and  Man;  Theodora,  a  Christmas  Pastoral. 
Other  works  are,  Atman,  a  Story;  The 
Flute  Player,  and  Other  Poems;  and  Penn 
sylvania  Poets  of  the  Provincial  Period. 

WILLIAMS,  GEORGE  FRED,  lawyer, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  July  10, 
1852,  in  Dedham,  Mass.  In  1878  he  ed 
ited  Williams'  Citations  of  Massachusetts 
Cases;  and  from  1880  to  1887  edited  vol 
umes  ten  to  seventeen  of  the.  Annual  Di 
gest  of  the  United  States.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1889; 
and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

WILLIAMS,  GEORGE  HENDERSON, 
educator,  was  born  June  9,  1861,  in  Fay- 
etteville,  N.  C.  He  has  attained  success 
in  educational  work;  and  is  now  princi 
pal  of  the  Fayetteville  State  Normal 
school,  N.  C. 

WILLIAMS,  GEORGE  HENRY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  March  26, 
1823,  in  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.  During 
1847-52  he  was  judge  of  the  first  judicial 
district  of  Iowa;  was  presidential  elec 
tor  in  that  state  in  1852;  chief  justice  of 
Oregon  territory  during  1853-57;  and  a 
member  of  the  convention  to  frame  a  con 
stitution  for  Oregon.  During  1865-71  he 
was  a  senator  in  the  United  States  con 
gress;  was  a  member  of  the  high  joint 
commission  for  the  settlement  of  the  Ala 
bama  claims;  and  during  1871-74  was  at 
torney-general  of  the  United  States. 

WILLIAMS,  GEORGE  HJNTINGTON, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1856  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  professor  of  inorganic 
geology  at  Johns  Hopkins  university  from 
1892;  and  the  author  of  Elements  of  Crys 
tallography.  He  died  in  1894. 

WILLIAMS,  GEORGE  W..  lawyer, 
banker,  state  senator,  was  born  Oct.  7, 
1801,  in  Bourbon  county,  Ky.  In  1864,  at 
Louisville,  he  was  chosen  permanent  pres 
ident  of  the  first  republican  state  conven 
tion  ever  held  in  Kentucky.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  Deposit  bank  of  Paris,  Ky., 
and  for  many  years  its  president.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Kentucky  state  senate. 

WILLIAMS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1849,  in 
Bedford  Springs,  Pa.  He  is  a  writer  of 
African  descent  who  served  in  the  fed 
eral  army  during  the  civil  war,  and  as 
lieutenant-colonel  of  artillery  in  the  re 
publican  army  of  Mexico  in  1865-67,  and 
who  was  minister  to  Hayti  in  1885-86.  He 
is  the  author  of  History  of  the  Negro 
Race  in  America;  The  Negro  Troops  in 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  and  History  of 
the  Reconstruction  of  the  Insurgent 
States. 

WILLIAMS,  GERSHOM  MOTT,  bishop 
of  Marquette,  Mich.,  was  born  Feb.  11, 
1857,  in  Fort  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  He  was  ap 
pointed  speaker  at  the  church  congress  of 
1889  and  at  the  missionary  council  of  1893 
and  1896.  He  was  one  of  the  deputation  to 
the  Canadian  general  synod  at  Winnipeg 
in  1896,  and  in  the  same  year  he  was  ap 
pointed  select  preacher  at  Cornell  uni 
versity. 


1014 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WILLIAMS,  GUSTAVUS  BROWN,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1834,  In 
Uxbridge,  Mass.  He  served  as  a  union 
soldier  during  the  civil  war  as  sergeant  of 
company  K,  fifty-first  regiment  Massa 
chusetts  volunteer  infantry.  He  is  the 
author  of  A  History  of  Mendon,  and  other 
historical  papers  and  reports. 

WILLIAMS,  HENRY,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  in  November, 
1804,  in  Taunton,  Mass.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1839  to  1841,  and  from  1843  to  1845. 
He  was  a  state  senator  for  two  years; 
and  was  a  representative  in  the  state  leg 
islature  for  three  years. 

WILLIAMS,  HENRY  SHALER,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  March  6,  1847,  in 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  professor  of  palae 
ontology  at  Cornell  university  from  1871; 
and  the  author  of  The  Bones,  Ligaments, 
and  Muscles  of  the  Domestic  Cat;  and 
Geological  Biology. 

WILLIAMS,  HENRY  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  30,  1830,  in  Susquehanna 
county,  Pa.  In  1854  he  was  admitted  to 
_^^^_^^_____  tne  bar;  and  in  1865 
!  was  appointed  addi 
tional  law  judge  of 
the  fourth  judicial 
district  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  receiving  the 
re-election  to  that 
office  in  November 
of  the  same  year; 
and  in  1870  was 
elected  president 
judge.  In  1875  he 
was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  com 
mission  to  revise  the  constitution  of  the 
state.  In  1880  he  was  re-elected  president 
judge;  and  in  1887  was  elected  to  the 
supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania  for  a  term 
of  twenty-one  years. 

WILLIAMS,  HEZEKIAH,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1798 
in  Woodstock,  Vt.  He  was  register  of 
probate  from  1824  to  1838;  and  was  a 
state  senator  from  1839  to  1841.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Maine 
from  1845  to  1849.  He  died  Oct.  24,  1856. 

WILLIAMS,  HUBERT,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1853,  in 
Lakeville,  Conn.  He  is  a  successful  law 
yer  of  Salisbury,  Conn.;  and  in  1894  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Connecticut  house 
of  representatives. 

WILLIAMS,  ISAAC,  congressman,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  York- from  1813 
to  1815,  from  3817  to  1819,  and  again  from 
1823  to  1825. 

WILLIAMS,  JAMES,  agriculturist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  4, 
1825,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.  In  1856  and 
1862  he  was  elected  to  the  Delaware  state 
legislature;  and  in  1866  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate.  He  was  made  speaker  of  the 
senate  in  1869;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Baltimore  convention  of  1872.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Dela 
ware  to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress 
as  a  democrat. 

WILLIAMS,  JAMES  DOUGLAS,  agri 
culturist,  state  senator,  congressman,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1808,  in  Pickaway 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  to  the  In 
diana  state  legislature  in  1843,  1847,  1851, 
1856,  and  1868.  He  was  elected  state  sen 
ator  in  1858,  1862  and  1870.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  board  of  agriculture 
for  se\enteen  years,  serving  four  years  of 
the  time  as  president.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Indiana  for  the  term 


of  four  years  from  1877.  He  died  Nov.  20, 
1880,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

WILLIAMS,  JAMES  R.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  27, 1850,  in  White 
county,  111.  He  was  master  in  chancery 
from  1880  to  1882,  and  county  judge  of 
White  county  from  1882  to  1886.  He  was 
nominee  for  elector  on  the  Cleveland  and 
Thurman  ticket.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress  at  a  special  election  to 
fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-second  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
third  congress  as  a  democrat. 

WILLIAMS,  JAMES  TILLMAN,  lawyer, 
poet,  was  born  April  10,  1864,  near  Pine 
Apple,  Ala.  He  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation,  and  has  attained  prominence  as  an 
able  lawyer  of  Hillsboro,  Texas.  He  has 
written  extensively  for  "  the  periodical 
press,  and  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
meritorious  poems  which  have  been  high 
ly  eulogized  by  the  press. 

WILLIAMS,  JAMES  W.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1788  in  Mary 
land.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature 
of  Maryland,  being  for  a  time  speaker  of 
the  house  of  delegates  in  1839.  In  1841  he 
was  elected  to  congress  as  a  representa 
tive,  and  continued  a  member  of  that  body 
until  the  time  of  his  death.  He  died  Dec. 
2,  1843,  on  his  way  to  Washington,  D.  C. 

WILLIAMS,  JARED,  agriculturist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  March  4,  1766,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Md.  In  1811  he  was 
elected  to  the  house  of  delegates  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  served  a  number  of  years.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1819  to  1825.  In  1829  he  was  a 
presidential  elector.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1831, 
in  Frederick  county,  Va. 

WILLIAMS,  JARED  WARNER,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  governor, 
was  born  Dec.  22,  1796,  in  West  Wood 
stock,  Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  1837  to  1841;  and  was  gov 
ernor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1847  to 
1849.  He  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
1853  to  1854,  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  also 
served  several  terms  in  the  state  legisla 
ture.  He  died  Sept.  29,  1864,  in  Lancaster, 
N.  H. 

WILLIAMS,  JEREMIAH  N.,  soldier, 
congressman,  was  born  in  April,  1829,  in 
Barbour  county,  Ala.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Alabama  to 
the  forty- fourth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

WILLIAMS,  JESSE  LYNCH,  littera 
teur,  author,  was  born  in  1871  in  Illinois. 
He  is  a  writer  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Princeton  Stories;  and  The 
Freshman,  a  book  for  boys. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  10,  1644,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
Deerfield,  Mass.,  carried  captive  to  Can 
ada,  with  many  of  his  parishioners,  by  the 
French  and  Indians  in  1704.  The  Re 
deemed  Captive  is  a  graphic  account  of 
heroism  and  suffering  during  the  period  of 
captivity.  He  died  June  12,  1729,  in  Deer- 
field,  Mass. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN,  state  senator,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  senate  from  1777  to  1779;  and  from 
1783  to  1795  from  Washington  county.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  from  1781 
to  1782;  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1795  to  1799. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Hanover  county, 
Va.  He  was  one  of  the  first  judges  under 
the  state  constitution  from  1777  to  1790; 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  in  1778  and 
1779.  He  died  in  October,  1799,  in  Gran- 
ville  county,  Ohio. 


WILLIAMS,  JOHN,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  about  1765  in  England.  He  was 
an  English  journalist  who  came  to  the 
United  States  after  being  very  unpopular 
in  England;  and  was  the  author  of  Po 
ems;  Legislative  Biography;  The  Ham- 
iltoniad;  The  Dramatic  Censor;  and  Life 
of  Alexander  Hamilton.  He  died  Oct.  12, 
1818,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN,  soldier,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  in  1778 
in  Surry  county,  N.  C.  He  served  till 
the  close  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain, 
and  was  then  elected  United  States  sen 
ator  from  Tennessee  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
and  was  re-elected,  serving  from  1815  till 

1823.  He  died  Aug.  10,  1837,  in  Knoxville, 
Tenn. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN,  soldier,  merchant, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1807  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.  In  1842  he  was  chosen  an  alderman 
of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1852  elected 
mayor  of  the  city.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  1855  to  1857;  in  1871 
was  made  city  treasurer,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1873  and  1875.  He  was  made  a 
major-general  of  militia,  and  rendered 
good  service  during  the  rebellion  in  rais 
ing  troops  for  the  war.  He  died  March  26, 
1875,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  30,  1817,  in  Deerfield,  Mass.  He 
was  the  fourth  protestant  episcopal  bish 
op  of  Connecticut,  and  presiding  bishop 
from  1887.  He  is  the  author  of  Sermons; 
Studies  on  the  English  Reformation;  An 
cient  Hymns  of  Holy  Church;  Thoughts 
on  the  Gospel  Miracles;  The  World's  Wit 
ness  to  Christ;  and  Studies  in  the  Book  of 
Acts. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN  AUGUSTUS,  educa 
tor,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  21, 

1824,  in  Bourbon  county,  Ky.     He  has  at 

tained  success  as  a 
lawyer  of  Harrods- 
burg,  Ky. ;  has  been 
president  of  the 
Prospect  Hill  semi 
nary,  Kentucky; 
president  of  the 
Bourbon  institute; 
president  of  the 
Christian  college  of 
Columbia,  Mo.,  and 
president  of  t  h  e 
Daughters'  college. 
Kentucky.  He  has 
been  professor  of  the  Kentucky  university 
of  Lexington;  president  of  the  Kentucky 
State  college,  and  grand  lecturer  of  grand 
lodge  for  Kentucky.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  work  entitled  Rosa  Emerson,  a  story  of 
a  young  woman's  influence  in  the  lodge, 
the  church  and  the  school.  He  is  also 
the  author  of  The  Life  of  John  Smith,  and 
other  works. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN  E.,  lawyer,  legislat 
or.  He  is  attorney  for  the  Gould  system 
of  railways  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  and  has 
twice  served  as  a  member  in  the  state  sen 
ate  of  the  Arkansas  legislature. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN  FLETCHER,  libra 
rian,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1834,  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio.  In  1867  he  was  elected  sec 
retary  and  librarian  of  the  Minnesota  His 
torical  society  of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN  JOSEPH,  Roman 
catholic  archbishop,  was  born  April  27, 
1822,  in  Boston,  Mass.  The  new  sees  of 
Springfield  and  Providence  were  created 
from  his  original  diocese  in  1870  and  1872, 
respectively,  and  in  1875  a  new  ecclesiastic 
province  was  established,  embracing  these 
dioceses  and  those  of  Portland  and  Bur 
lington.  Boston  became  the  archepiscopal 
see,  and  he  was  made  archbishop,  receiv 
ing  the  pallium  from  the  hands  of  Arcn- 
bishop  McCloskey. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1015 


WILLIAMS,  JOHN  MASON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  June  24,  1780,  in  New  Bed 
ford,  Mass.  He  became  associate  justice 
of  the  Massachusetts  court  of  common 
pleas  in  1821,  and  its  chief  justice  in  1839- 
44.  In  1844-56  he  was  commissioner  of  in 
solvency.  He  was  also  author  of  a  pam 
phlet  entitled  Nullification  and  Compro 
mise.  He  died  Dec.  28,  1868,  in  New  Bed 
ford,  Mass. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN  M.  S.,  merchant, 
ship  owner,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  14,  1818,  in  Richmond,  Va. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
state  house  of  representatives  in  1856, 
and  of  the  senate  in  1858.  He  was  a  pres 
idential  elector  in  1868,  and  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress.  He  died 
March  19,  1886,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
journalist,  public  official,  was  born  Dec. 
14,  1825,  in  Lockport,  N.  Y.  In  1856  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  the  city  of  Lafayette, 
Ind.,  and  was  re-elected  in  1858.  He  was 
for  some  time  editor  of  the  Lafayette 
Daily  American.  In  1861  he  recruited  the 
sixty-third  regiment  of  Indiana  volun 
teers,  and  was  commissioned  colonel  of 
the  regiment.  In  1866  he  was  appointed 
collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the 
eighth  district  of  Indiana.  In  1869  he 
became  the  publisher  of  the  Lafayette 
Sunday  Times,  and  in  1885  was  appointed 
third  auditor  of  the  United  States  treasury 
department. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN  SHARPE,  lawyer, 
cotton  planter,  congressman,  was  born 
July  30,  1854,  in  Memphis,  Tenn.  He  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession 
and  the  varied  pursuits  of  a  cotton  plant 
er  in  Yazoo,  Miss.  He  was  elected  from 
Mississippi  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty- 
fourth  congresses  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN  SKELTON,  railroad 
president,  was  born  July  6,  1865,  in  Pow- 
atan  county,  Va.  Since  1895  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Georgia  and  Alabama 
railroads,  and  is  also  president  of  nume 
rous  corporations  at  Richmond,  Va. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN  STUART,  soldier, 
state  legislator,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  in  1820  in  Montgomery  county,  Ky. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Kentucky 
state  legislature  in  1857.  He  entered  the 
confederate  service  in  1861  as  colonel,  and 
was  promoted  to  brigadier-general,  serv 
ing  throughout  the  war.  In  1875  he  was 
again  in  the  legislature,  and  was  elected 
a  senator  of  the  United  States  in  1878. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN  WILSON  MONT 
GOMERY,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
April  7,  1820,  in  Portsmouth,  Va.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Maryland  Tract  so 
ciety  since  1870,  vice-president  of  the 
southern  baptist  convention,  several  times 
moderator  of  the  Maryland  Baptist  Union 
association,  and  trustee  of  Columbian  uni 
versity  since  1851. 

WILLIAMS,  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  author,  was  born  May 
26,  1750,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  for 
several  years  a  judge 
of  the  court  of  com 
mon  pleas  in  Phila 
delphia.  He  was  ap 
pointed  major  of  ar 
tillery  in  1801,  and 
inspector  of  fortifi 
cations.  He  was  su 
perintendent  of  West 
Point  academy;  was 
lieutenant-colonel  of 
engineers  in  1802; 
colonel  from  1808  to 
1812,  and  was  gen 
eral  of  New  York  militia  from  1812  to 
1815.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in 


congress  from  Philadelphia  in  1814,  and 
was  vice-president  of  the  American  Phi 
losophical  society.  He  was  the  author  of 
On  the  Use  of  the  Thermometer  in  Navi 
gation;  Elements  of  Fortification,  1801; 
and  Kosciusko's  Movements  for  Horse  Ar 
tillery,  1808.  He  died  May  16,  1815,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WILLIAMS,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  jurist. 
He  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Iowa,  and 
in  1838  was  appointed  a  United  States 
judge  for  that  territory.  He  was  subse 
quently  appointed  to  the  same  office  in 
Kansas. 

WILLIAMS,  JOSEPH  HARTWELL, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  15,  1814,  in  Augusta,  Maine.  He  was 
president  of  the  Maine  state  senate  in 
1857,  and  became  acting  governor  on  the 
resignation  of  Hannibal  Hamlin  in  Feb 
ruary  of  that  year.  In  1864-66  and  1874  he 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature.  He  is 
the  author  of  A  Brief  Study  in  Genealogy, 
treating  of  the  Cony  family,  to  which 
his  mother  belonged. 

WILLIAMS,  JOSEPH  LANIER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  in  1800  in 
Tennessee.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Tennessee  from  1837  to 
1843,  and  was  appointed  an  associate 
judge  of  the  United  States  court  for  the 
territory  of  Dakota,  residing  at  Yankton. 

WILLIAMS,  LEMUEL,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1799  to  1805.  He  died 
in  1827. 

WILLIAMS,  LEWIS,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  1,  1786,  in  Surry  county,  N.  C. 
He  entered  the  house  of  commons  of  his 
native  state  in  1813,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1814.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  1815  to  1842,  where  for  his  many 
good  qualities  and  his  long  service,  he 
was  known  as  the  Father  of  the  House. 
He  died  Feb.  20,  1842,  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

WILLIAMS,  MAMIE  L.,  educator,  was 
born  Nov.  4,  1874,  in  Corinth,  Miss.  For 
six  years  she  taught  school  in  Mississippi, 
and  has  since  taught  several  years  in 
Tennessee.  She  graduated  from  the  State 
Normal  school  of  Mississippi,  and  the 
Rust  university  of  Holly  Springs;  has  at 
tended  summer  normals  in  Texas,  Ten 
nessee,  Illinois,  Michigan,  and  Boston, 
and  is  one  of  the  foremost  educators  of 
the  south. 

WILLIAMS,  MARMADUKE,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  April  6,  1772,  in  Caswell  county,  N. 
C.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  North  Carolina.  In  1810  he  moved, 
with  his  family,  to  Madison  county,  Ala., 
and  thence  to  Tuscaloosa  in  1818.  He  was 
repeatedly  elected  to  the  legislature,  and 
was  a  delegate  from  Tuscaloosa  county  to 
the  convention  which  framed  the  state 
constitution.  In  1832  he  was  elected  judge 
of  the  county  court,  which  office  he  held 
until  1842.  He  died  Oct.  29,  1850,  in  Tus 
caloosa,  Ala. 

WILLIAMS,  MARY  ANN,  philanthro 
pist,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1822,  in  Milledge- 
ville,  Ga.  She  originated  and  named 
April  26  as  a  date  to  wreathe  the  graves 
of  our  martyred  dead  with  flowers.  She 
died  April  15,  1874^  in  Columbus,  Ga. 

WILLIAMS,  MRS.  MARY  BUSHNELL, 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1826  in  Baton 
Rouge,  La.  She  has  contributed  to  peri 
odical  literature,  and  her  poetry  has  been 
much  admired,  notably  the  verses  entit 
led  The  Serfs  of  Chateney.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  Tales  and  Legends 
of  Louisiana. 


WILLIAMS,  MILTON  BRYANT,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1869,  in 
Ontario,  Canada.  He  received  his  degree 
of  A.  B.  from  the  Northwestern  univer 
sity  of  Evanston,  111.;  and  took  a  post 
graduate  course  in  biblical  interpretation 
in  the  university  of  Chicago.  For  several 
years  he  was  engaged  in  educational 
work;  has  attained  prominence  as  an 
eminent  clergyman  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in 
Aurora,  111. 

WILLIAMS,  MORGAN  B.,  manufactu 
rer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1831, 
in  Wales.  He  was  appointed  to  t'he  posi 
tion  of  mine  superintendent  for  the  Le- 
high  and  Wilkesbarre  Coal  company, 
which  position  he  held  for  fourteen  years. 
He  subsequently  leased  a  tract  of  coal  land 
in  the  vicinity  of  Wilkesuarre  and  or 
ganized  a  company  known  as  the  Red  Ash 
Coal  company,  and  is  at  present  the  vice- 
president  and  general  manager  of  the  com 
pany,  and  has  been  since  its  organization. 
He  is  president  of  the  Williams  Coal  com 
pany  of  Pottsville.  He  was  elected  to  the 
senate  of  Pennsylvania  in  1884,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  world's  fair  commission. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

WILLIAMS,  NATHAN,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  New  York  from 
1805  to  1807.  He  served  in  the  state  as 
sembly  from  Onondaga  in  1816,  1817  and 
1818. 

WILLIAMS,  NELSON  GROSVENOR, 
soldier,  was  born  May  4,  1823,  in  Bain- 
bridge,  N.  Y.  He  was  made  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  1862.  In  1869  he  entered  the  United 
States  custom  service  in  New  York  city. 

WILLIAMS,  NELSON  MONROE,  law 
yer,  poet,  was  born  March  23,  1853,  in  St. 
Paris,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of 
Hamilton;  is  deputy  grand  master  of  the 
grand  lodge  of  Free  and  Accepted  Ma 
sons  of  Ohio,  and  is  called  the  Masonic 
Poet  of  Ohio. 

WILLIAMS,  PETER,  lawyer,  public  of 
ficial,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1831,  in  Wales. 
He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Wis 
consin;  has  been 
postmaster  at  Cam 
bria;  clerk  of  the 
county  circuit  court, 
and  state  agent  of 
the  Wisconsin  public 
school  for  dependent 
and  neglected  chil 
dren.  He  has  been 
prominently  identi 
fied  with  the  passage 
of  several  bills  of 
importance  to  his 
state,  and  has  con 
tributed  valuable  articles  to  law  literature 
and  current  publications. 

WILLIAMS,  REUEL,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  United  States  senator,  was  born  June 
2,  1783,  in  Hallowell,  Maine.  He  was  a 
representative  and  senator  in  the  legis 
lature  of  Maine  for  twelve  years,  and  was 
a  senator  in  congress  from  1837  to  1843. 
He  died  July  25,  1862,  in  Augusta,  Maine. 

WILLIAMS,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1836,  in  Find- 
lay,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Oregon  to  the  forty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

WILLIAMS,  ROBERT,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1745  in  England.  He  was  the  first 
to  print  methodist  books  in  this  country, 
and  gave  a  wide  circulation  to  Wesley's 
sermons  until  the  conference  that  admit 
ted  him  appropriated  the  right  of  publica 
tion.  He  died  Sept.  26,  1775,  in  Norfolk 
county,  Va. 


1016 


HKRRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WILLIAMS,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  govern 
or,  was  born  in  1765  in  Caswell  county,  N. 
C.  He  was  appointed  governor  of  Missis 
sippi  territory,  filling  that  office  from  1805 
till  1809.  He  died  in  Louisiana. 

WILLIAMS,  ROBERT,  congressman, 
governor,  was  born  July  12,  1773,  in  Surry 
county,  N.  C.  He  was  an  adjutant-gen 
eral  of  North  Carolina;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1797  to  1803.  He  was  appointed  commis 
sioner  of  land  titles  in  Mississippi  terri 
tory  in  1803,  and  was  governor  of  the  ter 
ritory  of  Mississippi  from  1805  to  1809.  He 
died  about  1820  in  Louisiana. 

WILLIAMS,  ROBERT  WILLOUGHBY, 
lawyer,  public  official,  was  born  Feb.  21, 
1845,  in  Tallahassee,  Fla.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  university  of  North  Car 
olina,  and  has  attained  success  as  one  of 
the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  south  in  Tal 
lahassee,  the  city  of  his  nativity.  He  has 
filled  various  civil  and  military  offices 
with  distinction,  and  is  now  commissioner 
on  uniform  state  laws  for  the  state  of 
Florida,  and  a  member  of  the  congress  of 
state  commissioners. 

WILLIAMS,  ROGER,  clergyman,  auth 
or,  was  born  in  1599  in  Wales.  He  was 
a  famous  clergyman,  minister  at  Salem, 
Mass.,  but  banished  from  the  Massachu 
setts  Bay  colony  in  1635  on  account  of  his 
views  upon  religious  liberty.  In  1636  he 
founded  the  city  of  Providence,  and  was 
the  chief  citizen  of  the  Rhode  Island 
colony  until  his  death.  He  was  the  author 
of  Key  Into  the  languages  of  America; 
The  Bloudy  Tenent  of  Persecution  for 
Cause  of  Conscience;  The  Bloudy  Tenent 
Yet  More  Bloudy  by  Mr.  Cotton's  En 
deavour  to  Wash  It  White  in  the  Bloud 
of  the  Lambe;  Mr.  Cotton's  Letter  Lately 
Printed,  Examined  and  Answered;  and 
George  Fox  Digg'd  Out  of  His  Burrowes. 
He  died  in  1683  in  Rhode  Island. 

WILLIAMS,  ROGER  BUTLER,  manu 
facturer,  banker,  was  born  May  8,  1848,  in 
Ithaca,  N.  \ .  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of 
his  native  city,  and 
i  n  1868  graduated 
from  Yale  college. 
He  is  the  senior 
member  of  Williams 
Brothers,  successful 
manufacturers  of  ag 
ricultural  i  m  p  1  e  - 
ments  and  machinery 
of  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He 
has  been  cashier  of 
the  Merchants'  and 
Farmers'  National  hank  of  Ithaca;  presi 
dent  of  the  Ithaca  Savings  bank;  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  education;  chairman 
of  the  board  of  sewer  commissioners;  be 
sides  filling  various  other  public  positions 
of  honor  with  distinction.  He  takes  an 
active  part  in  the  political  affairs  of  his 
city,  county  and  state,  and  is  prominent 
in  several  fraternal  orders. 

WILLIAMS,  RTIFUS  B.,  farmer,  pho-- 
tographeT.  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  5, 
1851,  in  Winchester.  Tenn.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  farmer  and  photographer,  and  still 
resides  in  his  native  city.  He  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  forty- 
eighth  and  forty-ninth  general  assemblies 
of  the  state  of  Tennessee.  He  is  a  con 
sistent  democrat,  a  brilliant  orator  and  a 
prominent  member  of  various  fraternal 
orders. 

WILLIAMS,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  April  23,  1743,  in 
Waltham,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational 
clergyman.  Hollis  professor  of  mathemat 
ics  at  Harvard  university  in  1780-88,  and 
the  author  of  A  Natural  and  Civil  History 
of  Vermont;  and  History  of  the  American 


Revolution.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1817,  in  Rut 
land,  Vt. 

WILLIAMS,  SAMUEL  P.,  banker,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1814,  in  Lebanon, 
Conn.  He  is  president  of  the  National 
State  bank  of  Indiana.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Indiana  house  of  representatives  in 
1856  and  1857.  In  1854  he  founded  a  fe 
male  seminary  at  Lima,  and  sustained  it 
for  over  twelve  years,  when  it  was  pur 
chased  by  the  town  for  a  public  school. 

WILLIAMS,  SAMUEL  W.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
28,  1828,  in  York  county,  S.  C.  He  has 
filled  the  high  offices  of  supreme  judge  of 
Arkansas;  attorney-general  of  Arkansas; 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  Arkan 
sas  legislature,  and  has  contributed  val 
uable  papers  to  law  literature. 

WILLIAMS,  SAMUEL  WELLS,  educa 
tor,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Sept.  22, 
1812,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  secretary 
and  interpreter  of  the  American  legation 
in  China  for  many  years,  and  after  1877 
professor  of  Chinese  at  Yale  university. 
He  was  the  author  of  China,  the  Middle 
Kingdom;  Easy  Lessons  in  Chinese;  Chi 
nese  Commercial  Guide;  Tonic  Dictionary 
of  the  Chinese  Language  in  the  Canton 
Dialect;  Syllabic  Dictionary  of  Chinese; 
and  Chinese  Topography.  He  died  Feb. 
16,  1884,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

WILLIAMS,  SETH,  soldier,  was  born 
March  22,  1822,  in  Augusta,  Maine.  He 
was  adjutant  of  the  military  academy  in 
1850-53,  and  subsequently  served  in  the 
adjutant-general's  department  until  his 
death.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  a  briga 
dier-general  in  the  volunteer  army,  and 
was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  in  1862. 
He  died  March  23,  1866,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WILLIAMS,  SHERROD,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Kentucky  frotn 
1835  to  1841. 

WILLIAMS,  STEPHEN  WEST,  physi 
cian,  educator,  author,  was  born  March 
27,  1790,  in  Deerfield,  Mass.  He  was  a 
physician  who  was  medical  professor  in 
Willoughby  university,  Ohio,  in  1838-53, 
and  the  author  of  Catechism  of  Medical 
Jurisprudence;  American  Medical  Biogra 
phy;  and  The  Williams  Family  in  Amer 
ica.  He  died  July  9,  1855,  in  Laconia,  111. 

WILLIAMS,  THEODORE  O.,  educator, 
lawyer,  was  born  April  17,  1847,  in  Han 
nibal,  Mo.  In  1873  he  was  admitted -to 
the  bar,  and  is  now  a  prominent  lawyer 
of  Osceola,  Mo.  He  has  been  justice  of 
the  peace  of  Osceola;  city  attorney;  and 
is  now  chairman  of  the  democratic  com 
mittee  of  that  city.  Prior  to  his  engaging 
in  law  he  taught  school  and  filled  var 
ious  public  positions  of  trust  in  Windsor, 
Mo. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS,  surgeon,  jurist, 
was  born  April  1,  1718,  in  Newton,  Mass. 
He  settled  in  Deerfield,  Mass.,  where  he 
was  judge  of  probate  and  of  common 
pleas,  and  the  leading  physician  in  the 
region.  He  died  Sept.  28,  1775,  in  Deer- 
field,  Mass. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1779,  in  Pomfret, 
Conn.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man  of  Providence,  and  the  author  of  Ten 
Sermons  on  Important'Subjects;  The  Do 
mestic  Chaplain;  and  Rhode  Island  Ser 
mons.  He  died  Sept.  29,  1867,  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  28, 
1806,  in  Greensburgh,  Pa.  He  was  a  state 
senator  from  Pittsburg'  in  the  legislature 
in  1838,  and  the  three  succeeding  years. 
In  1860  he  was  again  elected  to  the  lower 
house  of  the  legislature.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Pennsyl 


vania  to  the  thirty-eighth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-ninth  and 
fortieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS,  soldier,  educa 
tor,  was  born  in  1815  in  New  York  state. 
He  was  made  a  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  in  1861.  He  died  Aug.  5,  1862,  in 
Baton  Rouge,  La. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS,  agriculturist, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  11, 
1825,  in  Greenville  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1878,  and  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Alabama  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty- 
seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS  H.,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  in  1795  in  Virginia.  He 
moved  to  the  northern  part  of  Mississippi 
soon  after  the  cession  of  Indian  territory 
to  that  quarter,  and  was  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Mississippi,  by  executive  ap 
pointment,  during  the  years  1838  and  1839. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS  HILL,  public  of 
ficial,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1780  in  North  Carolina.  In  1805  he  was 
appointed  register  of  the  land  office,  and 
commissioner  for  deciding  land  claims  in 
the  territory  of  Mississippi,  and  subse 
quently,  for  a  few  years,  held  the  office  of 
collector  of  the  port  of  New  Orleans.  He 
was  a  senator  in  congress  from  Mississippi 
from  1817  to  1831.  He  died  about  1840  in 
Robertson  county,  Tenn. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS  SCOTT,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  26,  1777,  in  Wethersfield,  Conn. 
He  represented  the  town  of  Hartford  in 
the  Connecticut  general  assembly  for  sev 
en,  terms,  from  1813  to  1829.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1817  to  1819.  In  1829  he 
was  appointed  an  associate  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  errors,  and  in  1834  was 
appointed  chief  justice.  He  was  mayor  of 
the  city  of  Hartford  from  1831  to  1835, 
and  in  1847  resigned  his  position  as  chief 
justice.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1848,  and  was,  for  twenty  years,  president 
of  the  American  asylum  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb.  He  died  Dec.  15,  1861,  in  Hartford, 
Conn. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS  W.,  merchant, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
28,  1789,  in  Stonington,  Conn.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Connecti 
cut  from  1839  to  1843.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  legislature  in  184G,  and  was  chosen 
presidential  elector  in  1848. 

WILLIAMS.  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1665,  in  Newton, 
Mass.  He  was  settled  as  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Hatfield  in  1685,  and  labored 
there  for  fifty-five  years.  He  published 
numerous  sermons  and  theological  trea 
tises,  and  commanded  a  wide  influence  in 
his  community.  He  died  Aug.  29,  1741,  in 
Hatfield,  Mass. 

WILLIAMS,  WILLIAM,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
April  18,  1731,  in  Lebanon,  Conn.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  assembly  of  Connecti 
cut;  and  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  was 
for  nearly  one  hundred  sessions,  member, 
clerk  or  speaker  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives.  At  the  commencement  of  the 
war  of  the  revolution  he  was  a  member 
of  the  council  of  safety,  and  was  one  of 
the  signers  of  the  declaration  of  inde 
pendence.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1776  to  1778,  and 
again  in  1783  and  1784.  When  the  govern 
ment  treasury  was  drained,  he  gave  to  his 
country  what  he  called  his  last  mite, 
which  amounted  to  more  than  two  thou 
sand  dollars,  and  was  very  fortunate  in 
obtaining  donations  from  others.  He  died 
Aug.  2,  1811,  in  Independence,  Conn. 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1017 


WILLIAMS,  WILLIAM,  founder,  was 
born  April  14,  1788,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Nor 
wich  Free  academy.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1870, 
in  Norwich,  Conn. 

WILLIAMS,  WILLIAM,  banker,  rail 
road  president,  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1815,  in  Bolton,  Conn. 
He  became  a  banker  and  railroad  presi 
dent,  and  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
New  York  in  1866  and  1867.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  forty-second  congress. 

WILLIAMS,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  May  11,  1821, 
near  Carlisle,  Pa.  In  1864  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  additional  paymaster  in  the 
United  States  army.  In  1866  he  was  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
fortieth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  three  succeeding  congresses. 

WILLIAMS,  WILLIAM  B.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
July  28,  1826,  in  Pittsford,  N.  Y.  He  was 
elected  judge  of  probate  in  Michigan  in 
1856  and  1860,  and  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  in  1866  and  1868.  He  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  and  forty-fourth 
congresses. 

WILLIAMS,  WILLIAM  GEORGE,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1822,  in  Chilli- 
cothe.  Ohio.  In  1844  he  was  appointed 
to  a  place  in  the  first  faculty  of  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  university  of  Delaware. 
His  chair  is  that  of  Greek  language  and 
literature.  In  1864  he  was  chaplain  of 
the  one  hundredth  and  forty-fifth  regi 
ment.  Ohio  volunteer  infantry.  In  1898 
Tie  was  the  only  survivor  of  the  orig 
inal  faculty  of  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  of  which  he  is  dean.  He'has 
served  fifty-three  consecutive  years  with 
out  extended  absence  or  sickness. 

WILLIAMS,  WILLIAM  R.,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1804,  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  a  baptist  clergyman  of 
New  York  city,  pastor  of  Amity  street 
church  in  1832-85,  and  the  author  of  Re 
ligious  Progress;  God's  Rescues,  or  The 
Lost  Sheep,  the  Lost  Coin,  and  the  Lost 
Son:  Discourses  on  Luke;  Miscellanies; 
Lectures  on  the  Lord's  Prayer;  Lectures 
on  Baptist  History;  and  Eras  and  Charac 
ters  of  History.  He  died  April  1,  1885,  in 
New  York  city. 

WILLIAMSON,  HUGH,  educator,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  congressman,  author,  born 
Dec.  5,  1735,  in  Nottingham,  Pa.  In  1760  he 
was  appointed  professor  of  mathematics 
in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  house 
of  commons,  and  also  served  in  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1782  to  1785,  and 
from  1787  to  1788.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  convention  which  framed  the  con 
stitution  of  the  United  States,  and  signed 
the  wame.  He  was  a  representative  in 
•congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1790 
to  1793.  In  1811  he  published  a  work  on 
the  Climate  of  America;  and  in  1812,  a 
History  of  North  Carolina.  He  died  May 
22,  1819,  in  New  York  city. 

WILLIAMSON.  ISAAC  DOWD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  4,  1807,  in 
Pomfret,  Vt.  He  was  a  universalist  cler 
gyman  of  Cincinnati  and  other  cities,  and 
the  author  of  Argument  for  the  Truth  of 
Christianity;  The  Crown  of  Life;  Philoso 
phy  of  Odd  Fellowship;  Philosophy  of 
Universalism:  and  Rudiments  of  Theo 
logical  and  Moral  Science.  He  died  Nov. 
26,  1876,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

WILLIAMSON,  ISAAC  HALSTED,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
in  1769  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  He  was 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Morris  county, 
and  in  1817  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  assembly.  He  was  governor  and 


chancellor  of  the  state  from  1817  to  1829, 
and  was  president  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1844.  He  died  July 
10,  1844,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 

WILLIAMSON,  ISAIAH  VANSANT, 
philanthropist,  was  born  in  1803  in  Fall- 
sington,  Pa.  He  established  a  fund  of  five 
million  dollars  in  1888,  and  placed  it  in 
the  hands  of  a  board  of  seven  trustees  for 
the  purpose  of  establishing  a  free  school 
of  mechanical  trades.  He  died  March  7, 
1889,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WILLIAMSON,  JAMES  ALEXANDER, 
soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1829,  in 
Adair,  Ky.  At  the  close  of  the  Atlanta 
campaign  he  was  promoted  to  brevet  brig 
adier-general  and  brigadier-general,  and 
later  to  brevet  major-general.  In  1876  he 
was  appointed  commissioner  of  the  gen 
eral  land  office  at  Washington  City,  an'd 
held  the  office  until  1881. 

WILLIAMSON,  JOHN,  artist,  was  born 
April  10,  1826,  in  Scotland.  Many  of  his 
paintings  are  scenes  near  Hudson  river 
and  in  the  Catskills.  They  include  Trout 
Fishing;  American  Trout;  Summit  of 
Chocorua;  Autumn  in  the  Adirondacks; 
A  Passing  Shower,  Connecticut  Valley; 
After  the  Storm,  Blue  Ridge;  In  the  Mo 
hawk  Valley;  Sugar-Loaf  Mountain;  and 
The  Palisades.  He  died  May  28,  1855,  in 
Glenwood-on-the-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

WILLIAMSON,  JOSEPH,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1828  in  Maine.  He  is 
a  lawyer  of  Belfast,  Maine,  and  the  au 
thor  of  The  Maine  Register  and  State  Ref 
erence  Book;  Bibliography  of  Maine;  and 
History  of  Belfast. 

WILLIAMSON,  JULIA  MAY,  author, 
poet,  was  born  in  1859  in  Maine.  She  is  a 
verse-writer  of  Augusta,  Maine,  and  the 
author  of  Echoes  of  Time  and  Tide;  and 
The  Choir  of  the  Year. 

WILLIAMSON,  ROBERT  STOCKTON, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  in  1824  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  soldier  and  military 
engineer,  and  the  author  of  Report  of  a 
Reconnoissance  in  Calitornia  for  Pacific 
Railroad  Route;  Use  of  the  Barometer  on 
Surveys;  and  Practical  Tables  in  Meteor 
ology.  He  died  Nov.  10,  1882,  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

WILLIAMSON,  SAMUEL  E.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  April  19,  1844,  in  Cleve 
land,  Ohio.  This  eminent  lawyer  is  gen 
eral  counsel  of  the  New  York,  Chicago 
and  St.  Louis  Railroad  company,  and  has 
served  as  judge  of  court  of  common  pleas 
at  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WILLIAMSON,  WALTER,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1811,  in  Newtown, 
Pa.  He  was  a  homeopathic  physician  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of  Diseases 
of  Females;  and  Instructions  Concerning 
Diseases  of  Females.  He  died  Dec.  19, 
1870,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WILLIAMSON,  WILLIAM  DURKEE, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  governor,  author,  was  born  July  31, 
1779,  in  Canterbury,  Conn.  He  was  for 
seven  years  in  the  senate  of  Massachu 
setts,  before  the  separation  of  Maine;  and 
was  a  senator  in  the  Maine  legislature  in 
1821.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
Maine  from  1821  to  1823.  He  was  a 
judge  of  probate  from  1827  to  1840;  was  a 
bank  commissioner  from  1838  to  1841,  and 
was  the  author  of  a  History  of  Maine. 
He  died  May  27,  1846,  in  Bangor,  Maine. 

WILLIE,  ASA  H.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1829, 
in  Washington,  Ga.  In  1852  he  was  elect 
ed  attorney  of  the  third  district  of  Texas. 
He  served  in  the  confederate  army  during 
the  war.  In  1866  he  was  elected  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  Texas,  and 


held  that  office  until  1867.    He  was  elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress. 

WILLING,  JENNIE  FOWLER,  educa 
tor,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1834,  in  Canada. 
As  an  educator  she  was  appointed  profes 
sor  of  English  language  and  literature 
at  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  university,  and 
as  a  pioneer  in  the  temperance  cause  was 
one  of  the  first  crusaders;  and  elected 
first  president  of  the  National  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  union,  and  became 
first  editor  of  its  organ,  Our  Union. 

WILLING,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1731,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  to  suggest  resisting  the  British  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  chairman  of  a 
revolutionary  meeting  in  June,  1774,  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress 
in  1775  and  1776.  He  was  president  of  the 
first  chartered  bank  in  America.  He  died 
Jan.  19,  1821,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WILLIS,  ALBERT  S.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1843,  in  Shelby 
county,  Ky.  He  was  elected  county  attor 
ney  in  1870  from  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  re- 
elected  in  1874,  serving  until  he  was  elect 
ed  to  congress.  He  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  forty- 
fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

WILLIS,  ANSON,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1802,  in  Ulster 
county,  N.  Y.  He  represented  New  York 
city  in  the  assembly  in  1835-36.  After 
ward  he  served  two  terms  as  judge  of  the 
sixth  judicial  district  court  in  that  city. 
He  published  Our  Rulers  and  Our  Rights, 
or  Outlines  of  the  United  States  Govern 
ment;  and  left  unfinished  Origin  of  all 
the  Nations  of  the  Earth.  He  died  Dec. 
14,  1874,  in  Portchester,  N.  Y. 

WILLIS,  BENJAMIN  A.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  in  1840  in 
Roslyn,  L.  I.,  N.  Y.  In  1862  he  entered 
the  army  as  captain  of  a  company  raised 
at  his  own  expense,  which  was  assigned 
to  the  one  hundred  and  nineteenth  regi 
ment,  New  York  volunteers.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress  from  New  York,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat.  He  died  Oct.  15,  1886,  in  New 
York  city. 

WILLIS,  EVANDER  BERRY,  journal 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1847,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  For  several  years  he  was  reporter 
and  correspondent  for  the  New  York  Her 
ald,  and  became  editor  and  owner  of  The 
Mail  of  Middleton,  N.  Y.  He  has  since 
filled  editorial  positions  on  The  Daily 
Union  of  Madison,  Wis. ;  The  Chronicle 
and  The  Bulletin,  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.; 
was  editor-in-chief  of  The  Chronicle  of 
Virginia  City,  Nev.;  city  editor  of  The 
Democrat  of  Scranton,  Pa.,  and  is  now 
the  managing  editor  of  the  Record  Union 
of  Sacramento,  Cal.,  one  of  the  fore 
most  daily  newspapers  on  the  Pacific 
coast. 

WILLIS.  FRANCIS,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1725,  in  Frederic 
county,  Va.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Georgia  from  1791  to  1793. 
He  died  Jan.  25,  1829,  in  Maury  county, 
Tenn. 

WILLIS,  JOHN  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
was  born  Sept.  25,  1853,  in  Winnsboro, 
La.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  ed 
ucation  in  the  public  and  select  schools 
of  Evansville,  Ind.,  and  subsequently  at 
tended  the  university  of  Louisiana  at  New 
Orleans,  La.  Since  1876  he  has  been  ac 
tively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law,  and 
has  attained  eminence  as  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  the  south  at  Rayvihe,  La. 


1018 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


Portland,  Maine. 


WILLIS,  JONATHAN  SPENCER,  cler 
gyman,  congressman,  was  born  in  Oxford, 
Md.  He  filled  pastorates  in  Maryland, 
Delaware,  Philadelphia,  New  York  city 
and  Stamford,  Conn.,  retired  from  the 
ministry  in  1884  and  settled  on  a  farm 
near  Milford,  Del.  He  was  nominated  in 
1894  and  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

WILLIS,  NATHANIEL,  journalist,  was 
born  June  6,  1780,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
established  the  Eastern  Argus  at  Port 
land,  Maine,  in  1803,  the  Boston  Recorder 
In  1816,  which  was  the  first  religious 
newspaper  in  America,  and  the  Youth's 
Companion  in  1827,  the  first  American  ju 
venile  paper.  He  died  May  26,  IS'iO,  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

WILLIS,  NATHANIEL  PARKER,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1806,,  in 
He  was  a  once  popular 
New  York  writer, 
I  much  overrated  in 
I  the  earlier  part  of 
I  his  career,  and  now 
1  neglected.  His  prose, 
i  though  pleasing,  is 
almost  all  of  ephe 
meral  merit,  and  his 
verse  is  sentimental 
rather  than  thought 
ful.  The  latter  in 
cludes  the  once 
widely  read  Sacred 
Poems;  Melanie; 
Lady  Jane,  and  Humorous  Poems;  and 
Poems  of  Passion;  while  his  prose  com 
prises  Hurry  Graphs;  People  I  Have  Met; 
Pencillings  by  the  Way;  Inklings  of  Ad 
ventures;  Letters  from  Under  a  Bridge; 
Famous  Persons  and  Places;  A  Summer 
Cruise  in  the  Mediterranean;  The  Conva 
lescent;  Out-Doors  at  Idlewild;  Paul  Fane, 
a  novel;  Al  Abri,  and  other  works  of  les 
ser  importance.  He  died  Jan.  20,  1867,  in 
Hudson,  N.  Y. 

WILLIS,  RICHARD  STORRS,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1819, 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  has  edited  the  New 
York  Musical  World  and  Once  a  Week; 
contributed  to  current  literature,  and  pub 
lished  Church  Chorals  and  Choir  Studies; 
Our  Church  Music:  a  Book  for  Pastors 
and  People;  and  Carols  and  Music  Poems. 
He  contributed  to  National  Hymns  (1861) 
and  to  the  American  edition  of  the  Life 
of  Felix  Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. 

WILLIS,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  31,  1794,  in  Haverhill, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Portland  lawyer,  and 
the  author  of  History  of  Portland;  and 
History  of  the  Law,  Courts  and  Lawyers 
of  Maine.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1870,  in  Port 
land,  Maine. 

WILLISTON,  EBENEZER  BANCROFT, 
educator,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  in  1801  in  Tunbridge,  Vt.  He  was 
president  of  the  Jefferson  college  of  Mis 
sissippi.  He  was  the  author  of  Eloquence 
of  the  United  States,  in  five  volumes.  He 
died  Dec.  28,  1837,  in  Norwich,  Vt. 

WILLISTON,  PAYSON,  author,  was 
born  in  17G3  in  West  Haven.  He  was 
the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Annals  of 
the  American  Pulpit.  He  died  Jan.  30, 
1856,  in  Easthampton. 

WILLISTON,  SAMUEL,  manufacturer, 
philanthropist,  was  born  June  17,  1795, 
In  Easthampton,  Mass.  In  1840  he  es 
tablished  the  Williston  seminary  In  his 
native  town,  to  which  he  has  given  in 
all  nearly  a  half  million  dollars.  He  died 
July  18,  1874,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WILLISTON,  SETH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  4,  1770,  in  Suffleld, 
Conn.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman 
in  New  York  state,  and  the  author  of 
Discourses  on  the  Sabbath;  Moral  Im 
perfections  of  Christians;  Harmony  of 
Divine  Truth;  and  Millennial  Discourses. 


He  died  March  2,  1851,  in  Guilford  Center, 
N.  Y. 

WILLISTON,  TIMOTHY,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1805  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman,  and 
the  author  of  Orthodox  Paths  Restored; 
Talks  to  My  Bible  Class;  Christ's  Millen 
nial  Reign;  and  Premium  Essays. 

WILLITS,  EDWIN,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  April  24,  1830,  in  Otto,  N. 
Y.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Monroe 
county,  Mich.,  from  1860  to  1862,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  state  board  of  education 
from  1860  to  1872.  He  was  postmaster  'at 
Monroe  from  1863  to  1866.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Michigan  to  the 
forty-fifth,  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh 
congresses  as  a  republican.  In  1885  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  State  Agricul 
tural  college. 

WILLNER,  WOLFE,  rabbi,  educator, 
was  born  July  28,  1863,  in  Strasburg,  Ger 
many.  At  the  age  of  eleven  he  emigrated 
to  America.  He  first  lived  in  Newburg, 
N.  Y.,  then  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  where 
he  entered  Yale  in  1881,  graduating  in 
the  academic  course  in  1885  with  the  de 
gree  of  A.  B.;  and  in  1887  with  the  de 
gree  of  A.  M.  He  was  then  called  to 
the  ministry  of  the  congregation  Ohed 
Shalon  of  Houston,  Texas;  and  now  Is 
an  eminent  rabbi  and  teacher  of  Balti 
more,  Md.  He  has  written  poetry  from 
his  youth,  but  his  latter  years  have  been 
devoted  to  translating  from  the  Hebrew 
and  German.  His  articles  on  religious 
and  Hebrew  literary  subjects  constantly 
appear  in  current  literature;  and  his  po 
ems  can  be  found  in  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works. 

WILLOSTON,  LORENZO  P.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
moved  to  Pennsylvania  and  was  appointed 
from  that  state  an  associate  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  for  the  territory 
of  Dakota. 

WILLOUGHBY,  JAMES  AMOS,  journal 
ist,  legislator,  was  born  May  2,  1855,  in 
St.  Clair  county,  111.  He  is  a  prominent 
journalist  of  Belleville,  111.,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  the 
Illinois  legislature  in  1894. 

WILLOUGHBY,  JOHN  WALLACE 
CUNNINGHAM,  college  president,  was 
born  Aug.  20,  1845,  in  Knox  county,  Tenn. 
In  1883  he  became  president  of  the  Wash 
ington  college  in  Tennessee,  holding  this 
position  until  1891. 

WILLOUGHBY,  WESTEL,  JR.,  con 
gressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1816  to 
1817. 

WILLS,  JAMES,  philanthropist,  was 
born  in  1760  in  England.  He  bequeathed 
to  the  mayor  and  corporation  of  Philadel 
phia  and  to  their  successors  forever,  more 
than  $122,000  to  found  the  Wills  hospital 
for  the  relief  of  indigent  blind  and  lame. 
He  died  in  1830  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WILLS,  JOHN  CALVIN,  druggist,  phy 
sician,  was  born  in  1860  in  Gainesville, 
Ga.  He  received  a  thorough  education, 
and  the  degrees  of  M.  D.  and  Ph.  G.  were 
conferred  upon  him.  For  ten  years  he 
was  a  prescription  druggist  in  Jackson 
ville  and  Starke,  Fla.,  and  is  now  a  suc 
cessful  physician  of  Lake  Butler,  Fla. 

WILLSON,  DAVID  BURT,  educator, 
clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  27,  1842,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  ordained  as  a  reformed  presbyterian, 
and  was  pastor  in  Allegheny  from  1870  till 
1875,  when  he  was  chosen  to  his  present 
post  in  the  seminary  there  as  professor 
of  theology.  Besides  publishing  occa 
sional  addresses  he  edited  an  edition  of 
Lyman's  Historical  Chart;  and  since  1874 


has  been  editor  of  the  Reformed  Presby 
terian  and  Covenanter  in  Pittsburg. 

WILLSON,  FORCEYTHE,  poet,  was 
born  April  10,  1837,  in  Little  Genesee,  N. 
Y.  He  was  a  verse-writer  at  one  time  on 
the  staff  of  the  Louisville -Journal,  and 
the  author  of  The  Old  Sergeant,  and  Other 
Poems.  He  died  Feb.  2,  1867,  in  Alfred, 
N.  Y. 

WILLSON,  JAMES  McLEOD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1809,  in 
Elizabeth,  Pa.  He  was  a  reformed  pres 
byterian  clergyman  of  Philadelphia,  and 
the  author  of  The  Deacon;  Bible  Magis 
tracy;  Civil  Government;  Social  Relig 
ious  Covenanting;  and  Witnessing.  He 
died  in  1866. 

WILLSON,  JAMES  RENWICK,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  April  9,  1780,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  reformed  pres 
byterian  clergyman  in  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  author  of  History 
of  the  Church  of  Scotland;  The  Written 
Law;  and  Historical  Sketch  of  Opinions 
on  the  Atonement.  He  died  Sept.  29,  1853, 
in  Coldenhani,  N.  Y. 

WILLSON,  MARCIUS,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  8,  1813,  in  West  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.  He  is  an  educator  of  Vine- 
land,  N.  J.,  and  the  author  of  Civil  Polity 
and  Political  Economy;  Mosaics  of  Bible 
History;  and  many  school  text-books. 

WILLSON,  SLATER  GORDAN,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1824,  in  Ark- 
wright,  N.  Y.  He  is  president  of  the 
Crooked  Creek  and  Webster  City,  and 
Southwestern  railroads  at  Webster  City, 
Iowa. 

WILMARTH,  LEMUEL  EVERETT,  art 
ist,,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1835,  in  Actle- 
borough,  Mass.  Among  his  works,  prin 
cipally  genre  pictures,  are  Captain  Nathan 
Hale;  Playing  Two  Games  at  the  Same 
Time;  The  Home  Missionary;  Another 
Candidate  for  Adoption  (1871);  Guess 
What  I  Have  Brought  You;  Left  in 
Charge;  Ingratitude;  Feat  of  Courage;  A 
Plea  for  the  Homeless;  Pick  of  the  Or 
chard;  and  jack's  Return. 

WILMARTH,  SETH,  inventor,  was  born 
Sept.  '8,  1810,  in  Brattleboro,  Vt.  He  be 
came  a  machinist  in  Pawtucket,  R.  I., 
and  in  1855  was  appointed  superintendent 
and  master-mechanic  of  the  Charlestown 
navy  yard.  Among  his  patents,  number 
ing  about  twenty,  were  those  for  his  re 
volving  turrets,  and  for  the  hydraulic  lift 
for  raising  the  turret  shafts  on  monitor 
vessels.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1886,  in  Walden, 
Mass. 

WILMER,  JOSEPH  PERE  BELL,  prot- 
estant  episcopal  bishop,  was  born  Feb.  11, 
1812,  in  Kent  county,  Md.  He  went  to 
England  in  1863  to  purchase  Bibles  for  the 
confederate  army,  was  captured  on  his 
return  voyage,  and  for  a  short  time  con 
fined  in  the  old  Capitol  prison,,  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  He  became  bishop  of  Louisiana 
in  1866.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1878,  in  New 
Orleans,  La. 

WILMER.  LAMBERT  A.,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  about  1805.  He  was  a 
Philadelphia  journalist,  and  the  author  of 
New  System  of  Grammar;  The  Quacks  of 
Helicon:  Lifo  of  De  Soto;  Our  Press 
Gantf,  an  Exposition  of  the  Corruptions 
of  Ann -riciin  Newspapers  (1859);  Recan 
tation:  a  Poem;  Somnia;  and  Liberty 
Triumphant.  He  died  Dec.  21,  1863,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

WILMER,  RICHARD  HOOKER,  bishop 
of  Alabama,  was  born  March  15,  1816,  in 
Alexandria,  Va.  He  was  successively  rec 
tor  of  several  churches  in  Virginia,  and  of 
St.  James's,  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  till  he 
was  consecrated  bishop  of  Alabama.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Recent  Past  from  a 
Southern  Standpoint. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOP10DI A      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1019 


WILMOT,  DAVID,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Jan.  20,  1814,  in  Bethany,  Pa.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  1845  to  1851,  and 
was  subsequently  president  judge  of  the 
thirteenth  judicial  district  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  which  position  he  resigned,  and  to 
which  he  was  re-elected.  In  1861  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in  congress,  where  he 
remained  until  1863.  He  was  also  a  dele 
gate  to  the  peace  congress  of  1861,  and 
in  1863  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  court 
of  claims.  He  died  March  16,  1868,  in 
Towanda,  Pa. 

WILMSHURST,  ZAVARR,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1824,  in  Eng 
land.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city,  and  the  author  of  The  Viking,  ah 
epic;  The  Winter  of  the  Heart,  and  Other 
Poems;  The  Siren;  and  Ralph  and  Rose, 
a  Poem.  He  died  Jan.  27,  1887,  in  Brook 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

WILSHIRE,  WILLIAM  W.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1830, 
in  Gallatin  county,  111.  In  1867  he  was 
appointed  solicitor-general  of  Arkansas  at 
Little  Rock,  and  in  1868  became  chief-jus 
tice  of  one  of  the  state  courts,  remain 
ing  in  office  until  1871.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Arkansas 
to  the  forty-fourth  congress  as  a  conserva 
tive. 

WILSON,  ALEXANDER,  ornithologist, 
author,  was  born  July  6,  1766,  in  Scotland. 
He  was  a  Scottish  ornithologist  and  poet 
who  came  to  America  in  1794.  He  is 
often  called  the  Father  of  American  Orni 
thology.  He  was  the  author  of  Watty 
and  Meg,  a  narrative  poem;  and  Ameri 
can  Ornithology,  or  the  Natural  History  of 
the  Birds  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
Aug.  23,  1813,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WILSON,  ALEXANDER,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1804  to  1809. 

WILSON,  ALLEN  BENJAMIN,  invent 
or,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1824,  in  Willet,  N. 
Y.  His  first  patent  bears  the  date  of 
Nov.  12,  1850,  and  is  the  fifteenth  on  the 
patent  office  record  for  an  improved  sew 
ing-machine.  The  first  machine,  complet 
ed  early  in  1851,  was  sold  for  ?125,  and 
for  a  time  this  output  was  limited  to 
eight  or  ten  machines  a  week,  but  the  de 
mand  soon  increased,  and  they  removed  to 
Bridgeport,  where  they  established  the 
largest  factory  of  its  kind  in  the  world, 
making  six  hundred  machines  a  day.  He 
died  April  29,  1888,  in  Woodmont,  Conn. 

WILSON,  MRS.  AUGUSTA  JANE  (EV 
ANS),  author,  was  born  May  8,  1835,  in 
Columbus,  Ga.  She  was  a  popular  nov 
elist  living  at  Mobile.  Her  writings  had 
at  one  time  an  extraordinary  vogue,  but 
are  now  much  less  read.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  Beulah;  Macaria;  Vashti;  St.  El 
mo;  Inez,  a  Tale  of  the  Alamo;  Infelice; 
and  At  the  Mercy  of  Tiberius. 

WILSON,  BENJAMIN,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  30,  1825,  in 
Harrison  county,  Va.  He  was  attorney 
for  the  commonwealth  in  Harrison  county 
from  1852  to  1860.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  West  Virginia  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth  and  forty- 
seventh  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

WILSON,  BENJAMIN  FRANK,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  March  12,  1862,  near  Mayesville,  S. 
C.  During  1880-84  he  attended  the  David 
son  college,  North  Carolina,  and  in  1885- 
81  the  Theological  seminary  of  Princeton, 
N.  J.  For  three  years  he  was  pastor  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  church  of  Spartans- 
burg,  S.  C.,  and  since  1890  has  been  presi 


dent  of  the  Converse  college,  the  first  un 
denominational  private  endowed  college 
for  women  in  the  south.  He  has  attained 
success  in  educational  work,  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature 
on  that  and  kindred  subjects. 

WILSON,  BIRD,  lawyer,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1777, 
in  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was  elected  professor 
of  systematic  divinity  in  the  Episcopal 
General  Theological  seminary  in  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1821,  which  post  he  held  for 
nearly  thirty  years.  He  was  secretary  of 
the  house  of  bishops  in  1829-41.  He  died 
April  14,  1859,  in  New  York  city. 

WILSON,  CLARENCE  TRUE,  clergy 
man,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  April  24, 
1872,  in  Milton,  Del.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public 
schools  of  Wilming 
ton,  Del.;  attended 
St  John's  college 
and  the  university  of 
Southern  California. 
He  has  had  the  de 
grees  of  A.  B.  and 
Ph.  D.  conferred  up 
on  him.  He  has 
filled  pastorates  in 
the  methodist  epis 
copal  church  at  Sea- 
ford,  Del.;  Sea  Cliff,  N.  Y.,  and  is  now 
filling  a  pastorate  in  North  Pasadena,  Cal. 
He  has  attained  success  as  a  clergyman, 
lecturer  and  author,  and  has  contributed 
extensively  to  current  literature. 

WILSON,  DAVID,  legislator,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  17,  1818,  in  West  Hebron, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly  in  1852,  and  in  1854  de 
clined  a  nomination  for  congress.  He 
published  Life  in  Whitehall:  a  Tale  of 
Ship-Fever  Times;  Solomon  Northrup,  or 
Twelve  Years  a  Slave,  a  narrative  of  the 
abduction  and  enslavement  of  a  free  negro' 
of  Washington  county;  and  Life  of  Jane 
McCrea.  He  died  June  9,  1887,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

WILSON,  E.  K.,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1827  to  1831. 

WILSON,  E.  WILLIS,  lawyer,  state  leg 
islator,  governor,  was  born  in  1844  in 
Harper's  Ferry,  Va.  In  1870  he  was  elect 
ed  a  delegate  in  the  Virginia  state  leg 
islature,  and  in  1872  was  elected  state 
senator.  In  1874  he  moved  to  Charleston, 
W.  Va.,  and  in  1876  was  again  elected  to 
the  lower  house  of  the  state  legislature, 
and  was  elected  a  third  time  in  1880.  Dur 
ing  the  latter  term  he  was  elected,  and 
served  as  speaker  of  the  house  of  dele 
gates.  In  1884  he  was  elected  governor  of 
West  Virginia. 

WILSON,    EDGAR,    lawyer,    legislator, 
congressman,  was  born   Feb.  25,  1861,  in 
Armstrong  county,  Pa.     He  graduated  in 
1884    from    Michigan 
university   school   of 
law.     For  two  years 
he    was    district    at 
torney  of  Ada  coun 
ty,   Idaho      In   1886- 
88  he  was  a  member 
of  the  constitutional 
convention,     and    in 
1890    was    elected    a 
member  of  the  fifty- 
fourth  congress,  rep 
resenting  the  state  of 
Idaho  at  large. 
WILSON,  EDGAR  C.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Virginia.     He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Virginia  from  1833 
to  1835.     He  died  in  May,   1860,  in   Mor- 
gantown,  Va. 


WILSON,  EPHHAIM  KING,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1821,  in  Snow  Hill, 
Md.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Mary 
land  legislature  in  1847,  and  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1852.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Maryland  to  the  for 
ty-second  congress;  was  judge  of  the 
first  judicial  circuit  of  Maryland  from  1878 
to  1884,  and  in  1884  was  elected  a  United 
States  senator  from  Maryland  for  the 
term  ending  March  3,  1891.  He  died  Feb. 
24,  1891,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WILSON,  ERVIN  A.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Nov.  23,  1856,  in  Lehi,  Utah.  He 
has  filled  numerous  positions  of  honor  in 
Provo  City,  Utah;  was  superintendent  of 
schools  of  his  county;  president  board  of 
education;  and  in  1896  was  elected  for  a 
term  of  five  years  as  judge  of  the  fourth 
district  court  of  state  of  Utah. 

WILSON,  EUGENE  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1833,  in  Mor 
gan  county,  Va.  He  was  United  States 
district  attorney  for  Minnesota  from  1857 
to  1861,  and  served  as  a  captain  in  the 
war  for  the  union.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Minnesota  to  the  forty- 
first  congress  as  a  democrat.  He  prac 
tices  law  in  Minneapolis. 

WILSON,  FRANCIS  HENRY,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Westmoreland, 
N.  Y.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
organization  of  the  Union  League  club  of 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  of  which  organization 
he  was  president  for  four  successive  years. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican.  In  1897  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

WILSON,  GEORGE  HENRY,  musical 
writer,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1854,  in  Law 
rence,  Mass.  He  is  the  musical  critic  of 
the  Boston  Traveler,  and  in  1883  began  tne 
Boston  Musical  Year-Book,  the  title  of 
which  was  changed  in  1886  to  the  Musical 
Year-Book  of  the  United  States.  Since 
1885  he  has  prepared  annually  an  analyti 
cal  and  historical  programme  of  the  con 
certs  of  the  Boston  symphony  orchestra. 

WILSON,  GEORGE  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb. 
22,  1840,  in  Brighton,  Ohio.  He  received 
his  e'ducation  in  the 
common  schools  and 
at  Antioch  college. 
In  1862  he  enlisted  in 
the  ninety-fourth 
regiment,  Ohio  vol 
unteer  infantry  for 
three  years;  was 
commissioned  second 
and  first  lieutenant; 
and  in  1864  was  com 
missioned  first  lieu 
tenant  in  the  first 
regiment  of  United 
States  veteran  volunteer  engineers.  In 
1866  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney 
for  Madison  county,  Ohio,  and  received 
the  re-election  two  years  later.  In  1871 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Ohio 
general  assembly,  and  in  1877  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate.  In  1892  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  re 
publican;  and  in  1894  was  re-elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress.  In  1896  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  con 
vention. 

WILSON,  GEORGE  WEST,  journalist, 
was  born  May  10,  1859,  in  Boone  county, 
Ky.  He  has  been  United  States  collector 
of  internal  revenue  for  the  district  of 
Florida;  chairman  and  secretary  of  vari 
ous  democratic  campaign  committees  in 
Florida;  president  of  the  Ocala  exposi 
tion,  and  executive  officer  in  many  enter 
prises.  He  is  now  the  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Florida  Citizen  of  Jacksonville. 


1020 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WILSON,  GILBERT  LORD,  writer, 
poet,  was  born  March  4,  1856,  in  Center 
Point,  Iowa.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Association  of  Writers,  a  close 
student,  and  has  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
Greek,  Latin,  German  and  Hebrew.  He 
has  taken  numerous  prizes  in  literary  con 
tests;  is  a  constant  contributor  to  the 
best  publications;  is  a  poet  of  acknowl 
edged  excellence,  and  his  poems  can  be 
found  in  Poets  of  America,  and  other 
standard  works. 

WILSON,  GUSTAVUS  JAMES  NASH, 
soldier,  educator,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1827, 
in  Harmony  Grove,  Ga.  Since  his  youth 
he  has  been  princi 
pally  engaged  in  ed 
ucational  work,  and 
was  associated  with 
some  of  the  most 
successful  institu 
tions  of  learning  in 
Jackson  county  in 
ante-bellum  days. 
During  the  war  he 
served  in  the  confed 
erate  army  as  an  of 
ficer  In  company  E, 
thirty-fourth  Georgia 
regiment.  For  nearly  ten  years  subse 
quent  to  the  war  he  devoted  most  of  his 
time  to  mechanics  and  machinery,  but  In 
1871  he  was  elected  county  superintendent 
of  schools,  which  position  he  has  filled 
for  twenty-eight  years.  He  is  prominent 
in  public  affairs;  owns  one  of  the  largest 
private  libraries  in  the  state  of  Georgia, 
and  resides  in  his  native  county  at  Jef 
ferson,  in  a  beautiful  residence  built  by 
himself. 

WILSON,  HENRY,  vice-president  of  the 
United  States,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1812,  in 
Farrington,  N.  H.  He  was  an  energetic 
laborer  in  the  anti- 
slavery  cause,  and 
for  many  years  was 
a  member  of  the  na 
tional  senate.  In  1872 
he  was  elected  vice- 
president  of  the  Uni 
ted  States.  He  was 
the  author  of  His 
tory  of  Anti-Slavery 
Measures;  and  Rise 
and  Fall  of  the  Slave 
Power  in  America. 
The  name  of  his 
father  was  Colbath,  but  he  was  adopted 
by  a  man  named  Wilson,  which  name  he 
retained.  He  died  in  the  capitol  at  Wash 
ington,  Nov.  22,  1875. 

WILSON,  HENRY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Dauphin  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  182,3  to  1826.  He  died  Aug.  14, 
1826,  in  Allentown,  Pa. 

WILSON,  HENRY  H.,  educator,  lawyer, 
lecturer,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1854,  in  San- 
dusky,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools 
of  Ohio;  the  State 
Normal  school  o  f 
Peru,  Neb.,  and  in 
1878  graduated  from 
the  State  university 
at  Lincoln,  Neb.  For 
two  years  he  was 
principal  of  the  High 
school  of  Seward. 
Neb.;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1881; 
has  lectured  on  evi 
dence  in  the  law  de- 
|i;iri  incut  of  the  university  of  Nebraska 
since  1892,  and  since  1891  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Lancaster  Bar  association.  He 
Is  a  thirty-three  degree  Mason;  has  been 
grand  master  of  Masons  of  Nebraska,  and 
is  prominent  in  various  fraternal  orders. 


WILSON,  HENRY  ISAIAH,  educator, 
musician,  lawyer,  was  born  April  10,  1869, 
near  Wellsboro,  Pa.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  school  teacher,  teacher  of  music 
and  instructor  of  bands  and  orchestras. 
He  is  a  composer  of  several  well-known 
pieces  for  bands  and  the  violin,  and  has 
the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best 
euphonium  soloists  in  the  state  of  Penn 
sylvania.  In  1892  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  has  since  practiced  that  profes 
sion  in  Big  Run,  Pa. 

WILSON,  HENRY  STEWART,  railroad 
president,  was  born  July  5,  1829,  in  Dau 
phin  county,  Pa.  In  1895  he  became  presi 
dent  of  the  Cairo  and  Kanawha  railway  at 
Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 

WILSON,  ISAAC,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman.  He  was  elec 
ted  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  New 
York,  and  also  of  the  senate.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  in 
1823,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  was  ap 
pointed  first  judge  of  Genesee  county.  He 
died  Oct.  25,  1848,  in  Batavia,  111. 

WILSON,  JAMES,  signer  of  the  declar 
ation  of  independence,  was  born  Sept.  14, 
1742,  in  Scotland.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  continental  congress  from  1775  to  1(78, 
in  1782  and  1783,  and  from  1785  to  1787.  He 
was  a  signer  of  the  declaration  of  inde 
pendence.  When  not  in  congress  he  acted 
as  advocate-general  for  the  French  na 
tion.  In  1789  he  was  appointed  a  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  Aug.  28,  1798,  in  Edenton,  N.  C. 

WILSON,  JA'MES,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1757.  He  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession;  and  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1809 
to  1811.  He  died  Jan.  4,  1839,  in  Keene, 
N.  H. 

WILSON,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  28,  1779,  in 
York  county,  Pa.  From  1811  to  1822  he 
was  a  justice  of  the  peace.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
eighteenth,  nineteenth  and  twentieth  con 
gresses,  and  was  again  elected  a  justice  of 
the  peace,  the  duties  of  which  office  he 
continued  to  fill  until  1859. 

WILSON,  JAMES,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  April  9,  1822,  in  Crawfordsville, 
Ind.  He  went  to  Mexico  in  1846  as  a  pri 
vate  in  the  Indiana  regiment,  and  before 
his  return  home  was  promoted  to  the  of 
fice  of  quartermaster.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Indiana  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress.  In  1866  he  was  ap 
pointed  minister  resident  to  Venezuela. 
He  died  in  August,  1867. 

WILSON,  JAMES,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  was  speaker  of  the  New 
Hampshire  state  house  of  representatives 
in  1828,  and  in  the  legislature  a  number 
of  years.  He  practiced  law  at  Keene;  was 
a  general  of  militia,  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1847  to  1849.  He  died  May  29,  1881, 
in  California. 

WILSON,  JAMES,  agriculturist,  con 
gressman,  cabinet  officer,  was  born  Aug. 
16,  1835,  in  Scotland.  In  1855  he  moved 
to  Iowa,  locating  in  Tama  county,  where, 
as  early  as  1861  he  engaged  in  farming  on 
his  own  account.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature,  and  served  in  the  twelfth, 
thirteenth,  and  fourteenth  general  assem 
blies,  being  speaker  of  the  house  in  the 
last-mentioned  assembly.  He  was  elected 
to  congress  in  1872,  and  served  in  the 
forty-third,  forty-fourth  and  forty-eighth 
congresses.  From  1870  to  1874  he  was  a 
regent  of  the  state  university,  and  made 
secretary  of  agriculture  March  5,  1897.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress. 


WILSON,  JAMES  BENJAMIN,  lawyer, 
lecturer,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1859,  in  Owen 
county,  Ind.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Spencer,  Ind.; 
and  subsequently  attended  tne  State  uni 
versity  at  Bloomington,  in  which  institu 
tion  he  has  been  assistant  tutor  in  the 
law  school.  He  has  attained  success  as 
an  able  lawyer  of  Bloomington,  Ind.;  has 
taken  a  leading  part  in  republican  politics, 
and  has  attained  success  as  a  platform 
speaker  and  public  lecturer. 

WILSON,  JAMES  F.,  state  senator, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Oct.  19,  1828,  in  Newark,  Ohio.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1856,  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1857. 
In  1859  he  was  elected  state  senator,  serv 
ing  as  president  of  the  senate  in  1861. 
In  the  latter  year  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Iowa  to  the  thirty-seventh 
congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-eighth,  thirty-ninth 
and  fortieth  congresses.  In  1869  he  was 
appointed  a  commissioner  for  the  Pacific 
railroad.  He  was  elected  a  United  States 
senator  from  Iowa  for  six  years  from 
March  4,  1883,  and  was  re-elected  in  1888, 
and  served  until  1895. 

WILSON,  JAMES  GRANT,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  28,  1832,  in  Edin- 
burg,  Scotland,  in  1857  he  established  the 
first  literary  paper  in 
Chicago.  He  raised 
a  battalion  of  caval 
ry,  and  was  commis 
sioned  major  of  the 
fifteenth  Illinois  cav 
alry.  He  was  subse 
quently  aide-de-camp 
on  the  staff  of  Gen 
eral  Banks,  and  was 
brevetted  brigadier 
for  gallantry  in  the 
field.  Since  that  time 
he  has  pursued  a  lit 
erary  career  in  New  York  city.  In  1897  he 
published  a  valuable  life  of  General  Grant, 
with  whom  he  was  intimate  for  a  quarter 
of  a  century.  He  erected  statues  in  Cen 
tral  park  to  his  friend,  Fitz-Greene  Hal- 
leek,  and  in  1892  to  Christopher  Colum 
bus.  Besides  editing  Appleton's  Cyclope 
dia  of  American  Biography,  he  has  pub 
lished  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Scotland;  Mr. 
Secretary  Pepys  and  His  Diary;  Love  in 
Letters;  Bryant  and  His  Friends;  Centen 
nial  History  of  the  Drama  of  New  York; 
Life  of  General  Grant;  Life  of  Fitz- 
Greene  Halleck;  and  Sketches  of  Illustri 
ous  Soldiers. 

WILSON,  JAMES  HARRISON,  soldier, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1837,  near  Shaw- 
neetown.  111.  He  was  educated  at  the 
common  schools,  at 
McKendree  college, 
and  at  the  United 
States  Military  acad 
emy.  He  graduated 
from  the  latter  insti 
tution  in  1860,  and 
after  serving  in  vari 
ous  grades,  was  bre 
vetted  major-general 
for  gallant  and  meri 
torious  services  i  n 
the  capture  of  Fort 
Pulaski,  the  battles  of 
Chattanooga,  the  Wilderness,  and  Nash 
ville,  and  the  capture'  of  Selma,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  at  his  own  request 
on  Dec.  31,  1870.  Since  that  time  he  has 
been  largely  engaged  in  railroad  and  en 
gineering  operations.  He  is  the  author 
of  China;  Life  of  Andrew  J.  Alexander; 
Travels  and  Investigations  in  the  Mid 
dle  Kingdom;  and  also,  in  conjunction 
with  Charles  A.  Dana,  The  Life  of  Gen.  U. 
S.  Grant. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1021 


WILSON,  JAMES  JEFFERSON,  jour 
nalist,  United  States  senator,  was  born  in 
1775  in  Essex  county,  N.  J.  He  was  a  sen 
ator  in  congress  from  New  Jersey  from 
1815  to  1821,  when  he  resigned,  and  was 
appointed  postmaster  at  Trenton.  He  was 
at  one  time  adjutant-general  of  the  state. 
He  died  July  28,  1824,  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

WILSON,  JAMES  PATRIOT,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1769,  in 
Lewes,  Del.  He  was  a  presbyterian  cler 
gyman  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  author  of 
Lectures  on  the  Parables;  Essay  on 
Grammar;  Common  Objections  to  Chris 
tianity;  and  Easy  Introduction  to  Hebrew. 
He  died  in  1830. 

WILSON,  JEREMIAH  M.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1828, 
in  Warren  county,  Ohio.  He  was  judge  of 
common  pleas  from  1860  to  1865,  and  was 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  from  1865  until 
elected  from  Ohio  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
third  congress. 

WILSON,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  in  1588  in  England.  He  was  a 
puritan  clergyman,  the  first  pastor  in 
Boston,  and  long  prominent  in  the  eccle 
siastical  and  civil  affairs  of  the  colony. 
He  was  the  author  of  Some  Helps  to 
Faith;  Famous  Deliverances  of  the  Eng 
lish  Nation,  a  poem;  and  The  Day  Break 
ing  if  not  the  Sun  Rising  of  the  Gospel 
with  the  Indians  in  New  England.  He 
died  Aug.  7,  1667,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WILSON,  JOHN,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1777.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1813  to 
1816,  and  from  1817  to  1818.  He  died  July 
9,  1848,  in  Belfast,  Maine. 

WILSON,  JOHN,  congressman,  was 
born  in  York,  S.  C.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  in  1809,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  South  Carolina 
from  1821  to  1827. 

WILSON,  JOHN,  printer,  author,  was 
born  April  16,  1802,  in  Scotland.  He  was 
a  Scottish  printer  who  came  to  America  in 
1846,  and  established  himself  in  the  print 
ing  business  in  Cambridge.  A  Treatise  on 
English  Punctuation  is  his  best-known 
work,  but  he  wrote  others  on  Scripture 
Proofs  of  Unitarianism;  The  Concessions 
of  Trinitarians;  and  Unitarian  Principles 
Confirmed.  He  died  AUS.  3,  1868,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

WILSON,  JOHN  A.  B.,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  1848,  in  Delaware.  He  entered 
the  ministry  at  the  age  of  twenty,  and 
for  nine  years  was  known  a"s  the  phenom 
enal  presiding  elder  of  methodism.  In  1892 
he  went  to  New  York  and  became  noted 
as  a  great  clergyman,  reformer  and  foun 
der  of  the  Co-operato,  a  home  for  self- 
supporting  working  girls.  During  1895- 
97  he  was  in  charge  of  the  First  church 
of  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  and  is  now  pastor  of 
the  Howard  Street  Methodist  church  of 
San  Francisco. 

WILSON,  JOHN  GROVER,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1810  in  Miuuletown, 
Del.  He  was  a  Philadelphia  clergyman, 
originally  of  the  methodist  episcopal  de 
nomination,  but  after  1855  the  church  of 
which  he  was  pastor  was  known  as  the 
Ebenezer  Independent  church.  Among  his 
various  works  are,  Discourses  on  Pro 
phecy;  Writings  in  Prose  and  Verse;  The 
Sabbath  and  Its  Law;  and  Atheism  and 
Theism.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1885,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

WILSON,  JOHN  HENRY,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  30, 
1846.  He  was  elected  to  the  Kentucky 
state  senate  in  1883  for  a  term  of  four 
years,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican. 


WILSON,  JOHN  L.,  congressman,  Unit 
ed  States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1850, 
in  Crawfordsville,  Ind.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  to  the  state  legislature  of 
Indiana  in  1880  from  Montgomery  county. 
He  was  appointed  receiver  of  public  mon 
eys  at  Spokane  and  served  four  years,  and 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
republican,  being  the  first  member  of 
congress  elected  from  the  state  of  Wash 
ington.  He  was  unanimously  renominat- 
ed  and  re-elecjed  to  the  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses,  and  while  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  fifty-third  congress, 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  took  his  seat  in 
the  senate  Feb.  19,  1895.  His  term  of 
service  will  expire  March  3,  1899. 

WILSON,  JOHN  LAIRD,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1832,  in  Scot 
land.  He  is  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city,  but  prior  to  1866  a  united  presby- 
teriau  minister  in  Scotland.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Battles  of  the  Civil  War; 
and  Life  of  John  Wycliffe. 

WILSON,  JOHN  LEIGHTON,  mission 
ary,  author,  was  born  March  25,  1809,  in 
Sumter  county,  S.  C.  He  was  a  presby 
terian  missionary  to  Africa,  and  the  au 
thor  of  Western  Africa:  Its  History,  Con 
dition,  and  Prospects  (1857).  He  died  July 
13,  1886,  in  Mayesville,  S.  C. 

WILSON,  JOHN  LYDE,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  governor,  author,  was  born  May 
24,  1784,  in  Marlborough,  S.  C.  He  began 
to  practice  in  Georgetown  and  in  1808 
he  was  returned  to  the  South  Carolina 
house  of  representatives  from  Prince 
George  Winyaw.  He  was  repeatedly  re- 
elected  and  subsequently  was  chosen  sen 
ator.  In  1822  he  was  made  president  of 
the  senate,  and  during  the  same  year 
elected  governor  and  commander-in-chief. 
In  1827  he  was  again  elected  to  the  sen 
ate.  In  1838  he  published  a  Code  of  Hon 
or.  He  died  Feb.  12,  1849,  in  Charleston, 
S.  C. 

WILSON,  JOHN  T.,  soldier,  agricultur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
April  16,  1811,  in  Highland  county,  Ohio. 
In  1861  he  raised  a  company  for  the  war, 
and  was  commissioned  as  its  captain.  He 
was  subsequently  twice  elected  to  the  Ohio 
senate.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  fortieth  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-first 
and  forty-second  congresses. 

WILSON,  JOSEPH  G.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Dec.  13,  1826,  in  Acworth,  N.  H. 
He  moved  to  Oreon  and  in  1852  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  Salem.  In  1862  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  dis 
trict,  and  was  elected  to  the  same  position 
in  1864.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a  memb'er 
of  congress,  but  died  before  qualifying. 
He  died  in  July,  1873,  in  Georgetown, 
D.  C. 

WILSON,  JOSEPH  MILLER,  civil 
engineer,  was  born  June  20,  1838,  in  Phoe- 
nixville,  Pa.  Among  the  important  struc 
tures  that  he  has  built  are  the  Susquehan- 
na  bridge  at  Harrisburg,  the  Schuylkill 
river  bridge  of  the  Filbert  street  line  in 
Philadelphia,  and  bridges  at  Trenton,  and 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  designed  the 
Drexel  bank  and  the  Drexel  building  in 
Philadelphia,  the  St.  Francis  de  Sales  In 
dustrial  school  in  Eddington,  Pa.,  and 
other  buildings. 

WILSON,  LEMUEL  G.,  educator,  mer 
chant,  poet,  was  born  April  30,  1836,  in 
Mount  Gilead,  Ohio.  He  attended  Cor 
nell  college  for  three  years,  and  then 
engaged  in  educational  work.  He  has 
been  a  photographer,  commercial  traveler 
and  is  now  a  successful  merchant  of  Par 
sons,  N.  D.  He  is  the  author  of  a  num 


ber  of  meritorious  poems  which  have  ap 
peared  in  the  periodical  press,  and  in 
Poets  of  America  and  other  standard 
works. 

WILSON,  NATHAN,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York,  from  1808  to  1809. 

WILSON,  OBED  JAY,  publisher,  poet, 
was  born  Aug.  30,  1826,  in  Bingham^ 
Maine.  In  1852  he  entered  the  publishing 
house  of  Winthrop  B.  Smith  and  Company 
as  literary  referee,  and  became  at  a  later 
date  editor-in-chief  of  their  publications. 
In  1862  the  firm  made  him  a  partner,  and 
in  1869  he  rose  to  the  head  of  the  house. 
Under  the  style  of  Wilson,  Hinkle  and 
Company,  the  firm  became  one  of  the 
largest  school  book  publishing  houses  in 
the  United  States.  In  1891  the  business 
was  merged  in  that  of  the  American  Book 
company.  He  has  written  much  in  prose 
and  verse  in  an  easy,  graceful  and  forci 
ble  style,  and  owes  his  remarkable  success 
to  a  combination  of  the  qualities  of  a 
business  man  and  a  writer. 

WILSON,  PETER,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  23,  1746,  in  Scotland.  He  was 
an  educator  of  New  York  city,  classical 
professor  at  Columbia  college  in  1789-92, 
and  in  1797-1820;  and  the  author  of  Rules 
of  Latin  Prosody;  Introduction  to  Greek 
Prosody:  and  Compendium  of  Greek  Pro 
sody.  He  died  Aug.  1,  1825,,in  New  Bar- 
badoes,  N.  J. 

WILSON,  ROBERT,  United  States  sena 
tor.  He  was  appointed  a  senator  in  con 
gress  from  Missouri,  taking  his  seat  in 
1861,  and  continued  in  the  position  until 
November,  1863.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  National  union  conven 
tion  of  1866. 

WILSON,  ROBERT  ANDERSON,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  in  1812  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  California  and 
the  author  of  Mexico  and  Its  Religion, 
reissued  as  Mexico,  California,  and  Cen 
tral  America;  and  New  History  of  the 
Conquest  of  Mexico. 

WILSON,  ROBERT  BURNS,  artist, 
poet,  was  born  in  1850  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  an  artist  and  poet  of  Louisville, 
and  the  author  of  Life  and  Love,  a  vol 
ume  of  verse. 

WILSON,  ROBERT  G.,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1768,  in  Lincoln 
county,  N.  C.  In  1824  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Ohio  university,  serving 
until  1839.  He  died  April  17,  1851,  in 
South  Salem,  Ohio. 

WILSON,  ROBLrtT  P.  C.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Boonville,  Mo.  He  was  one  of  the  demo 
cratic  members  of 
the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  from  Lea- 
venworth  county  in 
the  first  general  as 
sembly  of  Kansas, 
and  during  that  year 
returned  to  Missouri. 
He  was  elected  a 
member  from  Platte 
county  to  the  twen 
ty-sixth  general  as 
sembly,  and  made 
speaker  of  the  house. 
He  was  state  senator  from  the  third  dis 
trict  from  1876  to  1880,  and  was  for  sev 
eral  years  president  of  the  Agricultural 
and  Stock  association  of  his  county.  He 
was  elected  as  a  democrat  to  fill  a  va 
cancy  in  the  fifty-first  congress,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-second  congress. 

WILSON,  SAMUEL  B.,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  about  1782.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  president  of  Hampden  Sidney  col 
lege,  resigning  in  1848.  He  died  in  Au 
gust,  1869. 


1022 


HERR1NOSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WILSON,  SAMUEL,  FARMER,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  in  1805  in  Con 
necticut.  He  was  a  New  Orleans  journal 
ist,  and  the  author  of  History  of  the 
American  Revolution,  long  a  popular 
work.  He  died  March  11,  1870,  in  New 
Orleans,  La. 

WILSON,  SAMUEL  GRAHAM,  mission 
ary,  author.  He  is  a  presbyterian  mis 
sionary  in  Persia,  and  the  author  of  Per 
sian  Life  and  Customs. 

WILSON,  STANYARNE,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Yorkville,  S.  C.  He 
was  elected  to  the  South  Carolina 
legislature  in  1884,  and  to  the  senate  in 
1892.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1895,  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re-eiected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 
WILSON,  STEPHEN  F.,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  4, 
1821,  in  Columbia,  Pa.  He  was  a  sen 
ator  in  the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature 
in  1863  and  1864,  and  although  returned  to 
the  state  senate,  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-ninth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  for 
tieth  congress  as  a  republican. 

WILSON,  T.  B.,  business  man,  public 
official,  was  born  March  5,  1832,  in  To- 
wanda,  Pa.  In  1846  he  settled  in  Meno- 
monie,  Wis.  For 
many  years  he  was 
engaged  in  survey 
ing,  and  for  nearly 
half  a  century  has 
been  identified  with 
the  business  devel 
opment  of  the  state 
of  Wisconsin.  He 
has  been  postmaster 
°f  Menomonie,  Wis., 
and  filled  numerous 
other  public  posi 
tions  of  honor  in  his 
city,  county  and  state. 

WILSON,  THEODORE  DELEVAN, 
architect,  author,  was  born  May  11,  1840, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  naval  archi 
tect  of  note  in  the  government  service, 
and  the  author  of  Ship  Building,  Theoret 
ical  and  Practical.  He  died  in  1896. 

WILSON,  THOMAS,  merchant,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1789,  in  Hart 
ford  county,  Md.  By  his  will  he  devoted 
.$625,000  to  various  charities,  endowing  the 
Thomas  Wilson  sanitarium  for  children 
— an  institution  designed  to  take  care  of 
sick  children  during  the  summer  months 
— with  $500,000;  and  a  fuel-saving  society 
— to  aid  deserving  poor  people  to  purchase 
their  fuel  cheaply,  and  sewing-women  to 
-obtain  sewing-machines  at  low  cost — with 
$100,000.  He  died  Sept.  2,  1879,  in  Balti 
more,  Md. 

WILSON,  THOMAS,  congressman,  was 
•  born  in  1771.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1813  to 
1817.  He  died  Oct.  4,  1824,  in  Erie,  Pa. 

WILSON,  THOMAS,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Virginia  from  1811  to  1813.  He  died  Jan. 
24,  1826. 

WILSON,  THOMAS,  printer,  author, 
was  born  in  1768  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  a  Philadelphia  printer;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Principal  American  Military  and 
Naval  Heroes;  and  The  Picture  of  Phila 
delphia  for  1824.  He  died  about  1828  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WILSON,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  16,  1827,  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  elected  district  judge  in 
1857,  and  held  the  office  until  1864,  when 
he  was  appointed  by  the  governor  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Min 
nesota.  He  was  elected  chief  justice  of 
the  state  in  1864,  and  held  the  office  till 


1869,  when  he  resigned.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  state  house  of 
representatives;  and  in  1882  was  elected 
state  senator,  and  served  1882-85.  In  1886 
he  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 

WILSON,  THOMAS  BELLERBY,  phy 
sician,  naturalist,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1807, 
in  Philadelphia.  In  1832  he  was  elected 
to  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia,  and  at  once  took  an  active 
part  in  its  proceedings.  Its  library  was 
largely  created  through  his  liberality,  and 
his  collection  of  birds,  which  then  ranked 
as  the  third  in  the  world,  was  presented 
by  him  to  the  academy,  of  which  he  was 
president  in  1863-64.  He  died  March  15, 
1865,  in  Newark,  Del. 

WILSON,  THOMAS  E.,  builder,  poet, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1839,  in  Kittery,  Maine. 
Since  1870  he  has  been  successfully  en 
gaged  as  a  contractor  and  builder,  prin 
cipally  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  volume  of  collected  poems; 
and  is  represented  in  Poets  of  America, 
Poets  of  Maine,  and  other  standard  works. 
WILSON,  THOMAS  S.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  Iowa  territory; 
and  in  1838  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  that  district. 

WILSON,  W.  HASELL,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  in  1811  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Since  1884  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Belvidere-Delaware  railway  at  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

WILSON,  WILLIAM,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1814  to  1819. 

WILSON,  WILLIAM,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1772  in  Hillsborough  county,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Ohio  from  1823  to  1827.  He  died  in  1827. 
WILSON.  WILLIAM,  journalist,  poet, 
was  born  Dec.  26,  1801,  -in  Scotland.  He 
was  a  Scottish  poet  and  journalist  who 
became  a  bookseller  in  Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y.,  in  1854.  He  was  the  author  of 
Poems,  edited  by  B.  J.  Lossing.  He  died 
Aug.  25,  1860,  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

WILSON,  WILLIAM,  lumber  manufac 
turer,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1807,  in  Lycoming 
county,  Pa.  In  1832  he  was  a  contractor 
on  the  Illinois  Cen 
tral  canal;  after 
ward  established  a 
stage  line  between 
Burlington  and  Keo- 
kuk,  Iowa,  where  he 
has  also  been  a  jus 
tice  of  the  peace. 
About  1846  he  moved 
to  Menomonie,  Wis., 
and  commenced  lum 
bering  operations. 

and    for    over    fifty 

years  has  been  a 
successful  lumber  merchant  and  manufac 
turer;  and  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  Wisconsin. 

WILSON,  WILLIAM  DEXTER,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  28, 
1816,  in  Stoddard,  N.  H.  He  is  an  epis 
copal  clergyman  of  Syracuse,  professor  of 
philosophy  at  Cornell  university  in  1868- 
86;  and  the  author  of  History  of  the 
Reformation  in  England;  The  Church 
Identified;  Psychology;  The  Foundations 
of  Religious  Belief;  Elementary  Treatise 
on  Logic;  Live  Questions  in  Psychology 
and  Metaphysics;  and  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  the  History  of  Philosophy. 

WILSON,  WILLIAM  LYNE,  soldier,  ed 
ucator,  lawyer,  congressman,  cabinet 
officer,  was  born  May  3,  1843,  in  Jef 
ferson  county,  Va.  He  was  elected 
president  of  the  West  Virginia  uni 
versity  in  1882.  He  served  in  the 
forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty- 


first,  fifty-second,  and  fifty-third  con 
gresses.  In  the  fifty-third  congress  he 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  ways 
and  means,  and  had  charge  of  the  tariff 
bill  in  the  house;  and  in  the  same  con 
gress  he  introduced  and  carried  through 
the  house  of  representatives  the  bill  for 
the  repeal  of  the  Sherman  law.  He  was 
nominated  by  the  president  as  postmaster- 
general  and  confirmed  by  the  senate,  and 
took  the  oath  of  office  on  the  4th  day  of 
April,  1895. 

WILSON,  WOODROW,  educator,  lectur 
er,  author,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1856,  in 
Staunton,  Va.  He  has  held  professor 
ships  in  Bryn  Mawr  college  and  Wesleyan 
university;  and  is  now  professor  of  juris 
prudence  in  Princeton  college,  N.  J.  He 
has  attained  success  as  a  lecturer;  and  is 
the  author  of  Congressional  Government: 
A  Study  in  American  Politics;  The  State 
Elements  of  Historical  and  Practical  Poli 
tics;  An  Old  Master,  and  Other  Political 
Essays;  Division  and  Reunion,  1829-89; 
George  Washington;  and  Mere  Litera 
ture,  and  Other  Essays. 

WILSTACH,  JOHN  AUGUSTINE,  law 
yer,  linguist,  author,  poet,  was  born  July 
14,  1824,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  After  re 
ceiving  his  educa 
tion  he  studied  law 
and  began  the  prac 
tice  of  that  profes 
sion  in  Indiana  in 
1850.  For  ten  years 
I  he  was  master  in 
chancery;  in  1867 
was  sent  to  Paris  as 
one  of  the  United 
States  commission 
ers  to  the  Paris  Uni 
versal  exposition; 
and  during  1867-72 
he  was  commissioner  of  emigration  for  the 
state  of  Indiana.  His  orations  and 
speeches  have  frequently  appeared  in 
pamphlet  form,  and  his  numerous  pub 
lished  works  have  been  well  received.  He 
is  the  author  of  metrical  translations  of 
Virgil  and  Dante;  Dante,  the  Danteans, 
and  Things  Dantean,  a  prose  work;  The 
Battle  Forest,  an  epic  poem;  and  The 
Angel  and  the  King,  and  Other  Poems. 
He  has  gradually  withdrawn  from  the 
practice  of  law,  and  devotes  his  time  to 
literary  work  and  the  management  of 
his  private  estate  at  Lafayette,  Ind. 

WILSTACH,  JOSEPH  WALTER,  law 
yer,  author,  was  born  June  28,  1857,  in  La 
fayette,  Ind.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  Lafayette, 
Ind.;  and  the  author  of  Horatian  Odes; 
and  Montalembert:  a  Character  Study. 

WILTSE,  HENRY  M.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1852,  in 
Shiawassee  county,  Mich.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan; 
has  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member 
of  the  Tennessee 
state  legislature;  has 
attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer 
of  Chattanooga;  has 
been  city  attorney; 
assistant  United 
States  attorney  for 
the  eastern  district 
of  Tennessee;  and 
registration  commissioner  of  Hamilton 
county.  He  is  a  brilliant  lecturer;  has 
contributed  extensively  to  legal  publica 
tions;  is  the  author  of  the  work  en 
titled  The  Moonshiners,  a  brief  history  of 
the  remarkable  people  generally  so-called; 
and  another  work  entitled  Folk-History  of 
War  Times. 


HERRINOSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA         OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1023 


WILTZ,  LOUIS  ALFRED,  was  born  Jan. 
21,  1843,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  enlisted 
as  a  private  soldier  in  the  confederate 
service  during  the  civil  war;  was  elected 
captain  and  became  provost  marshal  at 
Franklin,  La.  In  1868  he  was  elected  to 
the  Louisiana  state  legislature;  was  elect 
ed  mayor  of  New  Orleans,  but  did  not 
serve;  and  in  1875  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  and  speaker  of  the  house.  He 
became  lieutenant-governor  and  president 
of  the  state  senate;  and  in  1879  became 
governor  of  Louisiana.  He  died  Oct.  16, 
1881,  before  the  expiration  of  his  term. 

WIMAN,  ERASTUS,  capitalist,  author, 
was  born  April  21,  1834,  in  Canada.  He 
was  formerly  a  prominent  capitalist  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Chances 
of  Success. 

WINANS,  EDWIN  B.,  farmer,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  16,  1828,  in  Avon,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  Michigan  state 
legislature  from  1861  to  1865;  and  in  1876 
was  elected  probate  judge  for  Livingston 
•county.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

WINANS,  JAMES  JANUARY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  7,  1818,  in  Maysville,  Ky.  In 
1857  he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  state  sen- 
•  ate;  and  in  1863  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  in  the  legislature.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  a  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  for  two  years;  and  was  re-elected  in 
1866  for  a  full  term  of  five  years.  In  1868 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

WINANS,  JOHN,  lawyer,  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1831,  in 
Vernon,  N.  J.  He  received  a  thorough 
education  in  the  public,  private  schools 
and  academies  in  New  Jersey.  He  is  one 
•of  the  foremost  lawyers  in  Wisconsin  at 
Janesville;  has  been  city  attorney  sev 
eral  terms;  mayor  of  his  city  for  two 
terms;  a  member  of  the  state  legislature 
^several  terms;  and  in  1882-84  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  from  Wisconsin.  He  has 
been  presidential  elector  several  times, 
and  was  chairman  of  the  convention  of 
democratic  clubs  of  the  United  States  at 
Baltimore  in  1888. 

WINANS,  ROSS,  inventor,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  7,  1796,  in  Vernon,  N.  J.  He  was 
an  eminent  inventor;  and  the  author  of 
One  Religion:  Many  Creeds.  He  died 
April  11,  1877,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

WINANS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1788,  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  was  a  pioneer  of  his  church  in 
Mississippi  and  Louisiana,  and  took  a  con 
spicuous  part  in  the  organization  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church,  south.  He 
published  Discourses  on  Fundamental  Re 
ligious  Subjects.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1857, 
in  Amite  county,  Miss. 

WINCHELL,  ALEXANDER,  educator, 
geologist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1824, 
in  North  East,  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  professor  of  geology  at  the  univer 
sity  of  Michigan  in  1854-73  and  in  1879-91; 
and  the  author  of  Sketches  of  Creation; 
Pre- Adamites;  Doctrine  of  Evolution; 
World  Life;  Science  and  Religion;  The 
Geology  of  the  Stars;  Thoughts  on  Cau 
sality;  Sparks  from  a  Geologist's  Ham 
mer;  Geological  Excursions;  Geological 
Studies;  and  Walks  and  Talks  in  the  Geo 
logical  Field.  He  died  Feb.  19,  1891,  in 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

WINCHELL,  JAMES  MANNING,  cler- 
igyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1791,  in 


North  East,  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  called  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Boston  in  1814,  and  remained  until  his 
death.  He  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
American  Baptist  Magazine,  and  pub 
lished  Jubilee  Sermons:  Two  Discourses, 
exhibiting  an  Historical  Sketch  of  the 
First  Baptist  Church  in  Boston  from  1665 
to  1818;  and  Watts's  Psalms  and  Hymns, 
with  a  Supplement.  He  died  Feb.  22,  1820, 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

WINCHELL,  NEWTON  HORACE,  geol 
ogist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1839,  in 
North  East,  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y.  He  is 
state  geologist  of  Minnesota;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Geology  of  Minnesota;  and  Annual 
Reports  on  the  Geological  Natural  His 
tory  Survey  of  Minnesota  from  1872. 

WINCHELL,  ROGER  W..  educator, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  5,  1848,  in 
Wyocena,  Wis.  He  was  elected  in  1883 
as  a  member  of  the  Washington  state  leg 
islature. 

WINCHESTER,  BOYD,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  23, 
1836,  in  Ascension,  La.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  a  Kentucky  state  senator.  He  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1868;  and  in  that 
year  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  forty-first  congress.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  forty-second  con 
gress.  In  1875  he  became  president  of  the 
Farmers'  and  Drovers'  Insurance  com 
pany,  in  which  position  he  remained  until 
1877.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  minister 
resident  and  consul-general  of  the  United 
States  to  Switzerland. 

WINCHESTER,  CHARLES  WESLEY, 
educator,  clergyman,  lecturer,  author, 
was  born  July  2,  1843,  in  Westminster,  Vt. 
In  1867  he  graduated  from  the  Genesee 
college,  which  institution  was  subsequent 
ly  absorbed  into  the  Syracuse  university; 
and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B., 
A.  M.,  and  D.  D.  He  has  filled  the  chair 
of  Greek  and  German  in  the  Fairfield  sem 
inary;  and  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  the 
Cazenovia  seminary.  Since  1870  he  has 
been  a  clergyman  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church;  and  also  a  presiding  elder 
since  that  time.  For  eleven  years  he  was 
secretary  of  the  Genesee  conference;  trav 
eled  in  Europe  in  1890;  and  in  1891  was  a 
member  of  the  second  ecumenical  confer 
ence  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  has  lec 
tured  extensively  on  various  themes,  prin 
cipally  on  The  Eight  Wonders  of  the 
World.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Gospel 
Kodak  Abroad;  The  Wells  of  Salvation; 
and  other  works. 

WINCHESTER,  ELHANAN,  clergy 
man,  author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1751, 
in  Brookline,  Mass.  He  was  a  universal- 
ist  clergyman  of  Philadelphia,  but  in  earli 
er  life  a  baptist  minister.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  New  Book  of  Poems  on  Several 
Occasions;  Universal  Restoration;  Pro 
phecies  to  Be  Fulfilled;  and  Progress  and 
Empire  of  Christ,  a  Poem.  He  died  April 
18,  1797,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

WINCHESTER,  JAMES,  soldier,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1752,  in  West 
minster,  Md.  He  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  district  court  of  the  United  States  in 
Maryland  in  1799.  He  entered  the  army 
as  a  colonel  from  Tennessee  in  1812;  and 
was  made  a  brigadier-general  in  1813.  He 
died  July  27,  1826,  near  Gallatin,  Tenn. 

WINCHESTER,  OLIVER  FISHER, 
manufacturer,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1810,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  1865  his  company  was 
reorganized  as  the  Winchester  Repeating 
Arms  company  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  They 
furnished  many  rifles  for  the  French  gov 
ernment  during  the  war  with  Germany 
and  for  Turkey  in  the  Russo-Turkish  war. 
He  died  Dec.  10,  1880,  in  New  Haven, 
Conn. 


WINDER,  LEVIN,  soldier,  state  sen 
ator,  governor,  was  born  in  1756.  He 
was  appointed  major  of  the  Maryland 
regiment  in  1777;  and  was  a  lieutenant- 
colonel  at  the  close  of  the  revolutionary 
war.  Prior  to  1812  he  was  speaker  of 
the  house  of  delegates,  and  from  1812  to 
1815  was  governor  of  Maryland.  In  1816 
he  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate,  and 
was  a  general  of  militia  and  grand  master 
of  Masons  of  Maryland.  He  died  July  7, 
1819,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

WINDOM,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  cabinet  officer,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  May  10,  1827,  in  Belmont  coun 
ty,  Ohio.  He  moved  to  Minnesota  in  1853; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from  that 
state  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  thirty-seventh,  thirty- 
eighth  and  thirty-ninth  congresses.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  fortieth  congress, 
serving  on  old  committees;  and  in  1870 
was  appointed  a  senator  in  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy;  and  subsequently  elected 
for  the  term  ending  in  1877.  He  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1883; 
and  resigned  in  1881  to  become  secretary 
of  the  treasury;  and  was  re-elected  to 
fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  his  own  resigna 
tion.  He  died  Jan.  29,  1891,  in  New  York. 

WINEBRENNER,  JOHN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  March  24,  1797,  in  Fred 
erick  county,  Md.  He  was  a  German  re 
formed  clergyman  of  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  and 
founder  in  1830  of  the  Church  of  God,  a 
sect  commonly  known  as  Winebrenner- 
ians.  He  was  the  author  of  Regeneration; 
Practical  and  Doctrinal  Sermons;  and 
Brief  Views  of  the  Church  of  God.  He 
died  Sept.  12,  1860,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

WINES,  ENOCH  COBB,  clergyman,  phi 
lanthropist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  17, 
1806,  in  Hanover,  N.  J.  He  was  a  congre 
gational  clergyman,  widely  known  as  a 
philanthropist,  who  labored  extensively 
in  behalf  of  prison  reform.  He  was  the 
author  of  Two  and  a  Half  Years  in  the 
Navy;  A  Trip  to  China;  Hints  on  Popu 
lar  Education;  How  Shall  I  Govern  My 
School;  Commentaries  on  Laws  of  the 
Ancient  Hebrews;  Adam  and  Christ; 
Prisons  and  Reformatories  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada;  and  State  of  Prisons 
and  Child-Saving  Institutions  Throughout 
the  World.  He  died  Dec.  10,  1879,  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. 

WINES,  FREDERIC  HOWARD,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  April  9,  1838,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  formerly  a  pres- 
byterian  clergyman,  but  now  devoted  in 
official  and  private  capacities  to  various 
reforms  connected  with  the  defective,  de 
pendent,  and  criminal  classes.  He  is  the 
author  of  Punishment  and  Reformation, 
an  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Rise  of  the 
Penitentiary  System;  and  The  Liquor 
Problem  in  Its  Legislative  Aspects. 

WINFIELD,  CHARLES  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  April  22,  1822,  in 
Crawford,  N.  Y.  He  was  for  six  years 
district  attorney  for  Orange  county  from 
1850  to  1856;  and  in  1862  was  elected  a 
representative  from  New  York  to  the 
thirty-eighth  congress.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress  as  a  demo 
crat. 

WINFIELD,  CHARLES  HARDEN- 
BERG,  lawyer,  legislator,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  8,  1829,  in  Deer  Park,  N.  Y. 
Since  1883  he  has  been  prosecutor  of  the 
pleas  in  Hudson  county,  N.  J.  During 
1886-89  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  sen 
ate  of  New  Jersey.  He  is  the  author  of 
Land  Titles  of  Hudson  County,  N.  J. ;  and 
a  history  of  that  county;  Major  Lee's 
Capture  of  Paulus  Hook  in  1779;  Mono 
graph  on  the  Founding  of  Jersey  City; 
History  of  Hoboken;  and  other  works. 


1024 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WING,  AUSTIN  E.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1792  in  Berk 
shire  county,  Mass.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  congress  from  the  territory  of  Michi 
gan  from  1828  to  1832.  He  died  Aug. 
25,  1849,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WING,  CONWAY  PHELPS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1809,  in  Mariet 
ta,  Ohio.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  of  Carlisle,  Pa.,  and  long  active  as  an 
abolitionist.  Among  his  writings  are 
History  of  Cumberland  County,  Pa.;  and 
History  of  the  Presbyteries  of  York  and 
Carlisle.  He  died  May  7,  1889,  in  Carlisle, 
Pa. 

WING,  GEORGE  CLARY,  lawyer,  was 
born  April  4,  1848,  in  Bloomfleld,  Ohio. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Phillips 
academy;  attended  Harvard  college  dur 
ing  1867-71,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.  B.; 
and  in  1872-73  at  the  law  department  of 
the  Georgetown  university,  graduating  . 
with  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  For  several 
years  he  was  employed  in  the  United 
States  department  of  justice  at  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.;  from  1879-83  was  attorney 
for  the  government  in  the  defense  of  suits 
in  the  court  of  claims;  thereafter  was 
chief  of  the  diplomatic  bureau  of  the 
United  States  department  of  state  until 
1884;  since  which  time  he  has  practiced 
law  with  success  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WING,  GEORGE  CURTIS,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  was  born  April  16,  1847,  in  Liver- 
more.  Maine.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1868.  He 
practiced  law  for 
two  years  at  Lisbon 
Falls  and  in  March, 
1870,  removed  to  Au- 
burn  where  he 
formed  a  co-part 
nership  with  the 
Hon.  Nahum  Morrill. 
He  served  on  the  su 
perintending  school 
committee  of  Au 
burn  in  1872  and 
1873;  and  was  city 
solicitor  in  1878-87.  He  was  one  of  the 
incorporators  of  the  Shoe  and  1,/eather 
bank  in  1875,  and  has  been  one  of  its 
directors  ever  since.  He  was  elected 
county  attorney  for  the  county  of  Andro- 
scoggin  in  1872,  and  judge  of  probate  in 
1875  and  1879,  and  was  appointed  judge 
of  probate  for  the  year  1885.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  republican  state  commit 
tee  in  1884,  and  in  that  year  was  chair 
man  of  the  republican  state  delegation  to 
the  convention^  at  Chicago.  He  served  on 
the  staffs  of  Governors  Bodwell  and  Mar 
ble.  In  1885  he  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  formation  of  the  Maine  Benefit  asso 
ciation,  was  elected  its  president  and  has 
been  re-elected  ever  since.  At  the  pres 
ent  time  he  is  vice-president  of  the  Au 
burn  Trust  company,  president  of  the  Au 
burn  board  of  trade  and  one  of  the  direc 
tors  of  the  Portland  and  Rumford  Falls 
railway. 

WINGARD,  SAMUEL  CYRUS,  lawyer, 
jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  6, 
1825,  in  Huntingdon  county,  Pa.  He 
served  two  terms  as  a  representative  in 
the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature.  He 
moved  to  Washington  territory  in  1870; 
and  in  1872  was  appointed  United  States 
attorney  for  that  territory.  In  1875  he 
was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  territory,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  position  by  reappointment. 

WINGATE,  CHARLES  EDWARD 
LKWIS,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in 
1861  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  a  Bos 
ton  journalist;  and  the  author  of  Shake 
speare's  Heroines  on  the  Stage. 


WINGATE,  CHARLES  FREDERICK, 
civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  March  5, 
1847,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  a  sani 
tary  engineer  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Views  and  Interviews  on  Jour 
nalism;  Plumbing  and  House  Drainage; 
and  Twilight  Tracts. 

WINGATE,  GEORGE  WOOD,  soldier, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  July  1,  1840, 
in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  lawyer  and 
soldier;  and  the  author  of  Last  Cam 
paign  of  the  Twenty-Second  Regiment; 
Manual  of  Rifle  Practice;  and  On  Horse 
back  Through  the  Yellowstone. 

WINGATE,  JOSEPH  F.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
Massachusetts  in  1818  and  1819;  and  was 
collector  of  customs  at  Bath,  Maine,  from 
1820  to  1824.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  legislature  in  1825  and  1826;  and 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Maine  from  1827  to  1831. 

WINGATE,  PAINE,  clergyman,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  May  14,  1739,  in  Amesbury, 
Mass.  He  was  ordained  as  a  congrega 
tional  minister  at  Hampton  Falls,  N.  H., 
in  1763.  He  was  appointed  a  member  of 
congress  under  the  confederation  in  1787; 
and  after  the  adoption  of  the  constitution 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  United  States 
senate  in  1789,  and  served  until  1793,  when 
he  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  serving  until  1795.  In  1798  he  was 
appointed  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  continued  in  office 
until  1809,  when  he  attained  the  age  of 
seventy.  He  died  March  7,  1838,  in 
Stratham,  N.  H. 

WINGER,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
lawyer,  journalist,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1835, 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  served  as  a  union 
soldier  during  the  civil  war,  and  became 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  one  hundred  and 
twelfth  regiment  Pennsylvania  volunteer 
infantry.  In  1868  he  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Pennsylvania  house  of  representa 
tives;  and  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  has 
been  editor  and  owner  of  The  Press  of 
Greencastle,  Pa. 

WINGFIELD,  JOHN  HENRY  DUCA- 
CHET,  clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  Sept. 
24,  1833,  in  Portsmouth,  Va.  In  1874  he 
was  consecrated  bishop  of  northern  Cali 
fornia.  He  is  also  the  president  of  the 
St.  Augustine  college  and  the  St.  Mary's 
college,  and  rector  of  St.  Paul's  church  of 
Benicia,  Cal. 

WINKLER,  EDWIN  THEODORE,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1823,  in 
Savannah,  Ga.  In  1872  he  took  charge  of 
the  baptist  church  in  Marion,  Ala.,  and  in 
1874  he  was  made  editor-in-chief  of  the 
Alabama  Baptist.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
catechism  for  the  instruction  of  colored 
people,  and  of  several  published  sermons, 
addresses  and  essays.  He  died  Nov.  10, 
1883,  in  Marion,  Ala. 

WINN,  THOMAS  ELISHA,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  May  21,  1839, 
in  Clarke  county,  Ga.  He  was  elected  'so 
licitor  of  the  county  court  of  Milton  coun 
ty,  Ga.  He  entered  the  confederate  army 
as  first  lieutenant  in  1861;  and  was  soon 
promoted  to  captain,  afterward  major,  and 
finally  lieutenant-colonel,  twenty-fourth 
Georgia  regiment,  serving  with  Lee's  army 
until  the  surrender.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-second  congress  as  an  alliance 
man  and  democrat. 

WINNE,  SCOTT  E.,  financier,  lawyer, 
was  born  June  29,  1863,  in  Haskinville, 
N.  Y.  For  ten  years  he  was  special  agent 
and  adjuster  of  the  German  Insurance 
company  of  Freeport,  111.;  has  been  finan 
cial  correspondent  of  the  Union  Central 


Life  Insurance  company  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio;  and  since  1890  has  been  president 
of  the  Winne  Mortgage  Trust  company 
of  Wichita,  Kan.,  where  he  has  also  an 
extensive  law  practice. 

WINNER,  SEPTIMIUS,  composer,  was 
born  May  11,  1827,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  the  author  of  What  Is  Home  With 
out  a  Mother;  Listen  to  the  Mocking- 
Bird;  and  among  his  other  publications 
are  rudimentary  instruction  books,  guides 
and  primers  for  various  instruments. 

WINSER,  HENRY  JACOB,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1833,  in  Ba 
varia.  He  was  a  journalist  of  New  York 
city,  and  subsequently  of  Newark,  N.  J. ; 
and  United  States  consul  at  Sonneburg, 
Germany,  in  1869-81.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Great  Northwest;  The  Yellowstone 
National  Park;  and  The  Seat  of  a  Thou 
sand  Industries,  a  description  of  Newark. 

WINSHIP,   ALBERT    EDWARD,   jour 
nalist,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  ^4, 
1845,    in    West    Bridgewater,    Mass.     For 
several  years  he  was 
-— a«|^—  editor-in-chief  of  the 

Boston      Evening 
Traveler;  and  is  now 
the     editor     of     the 
sH  Journal  of  Education 

of  Boston,  Mass.  He 
is  well  known  as  a 
\  m^k  lecturer  and  as  a 
L  -tu*i*jW~  public  speaker  on 
educational,  political 
and  philanthropic 
subjects;  and  is  the 
author  of  Life  of 
Horace  Mann;  Methods  and  Principles 
in  Bible  Study;  The  Shop;  Waifs;  Our 
Industries;  Educational  Leaders;  and 
other  works.  He  was  the  first  president 
of  the  Educational  Press  association;  was 
president  of  the  New  England  Press  as 
sociation  in  1897;  and  the  same  year  was 
also  president  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Instruction,  the  oldest  educational  asso 
ciation  of  America.  He  has  served  on 
the  Massachusetts  republican  state  com 
mittee,  and  on  the  executive  committee; 
and  was  a  delegate  from  Massachusetts 
to  the  national  republican  convention  of 
1896. 

WINSLOW,  A.,  lawyer,  orator,  was  born 
Feb.  4,  1848,  in  Geneva  county,  Ala.  He 
received  his  education  in  his  native  state 
at  the  Clintonville  and  Midway  academ 
ies.  He  has  been  justice  of  the  peace; 
United  States  commissioner  for  the  west 
ern  district  of  Texas;  and  master  in 
chancery  of  the  district  court.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  ability  and  an  orator  of  dis 
tinction;  and  takes  a  prominent  part  In 
the  public  affairs  of  Laredo,  Texas. 

WINSLOW,  BENJAMIN  DAVIS,  cler 
gyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  13, 
1815,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  ordained 
deacon  in  1838,  and  priest  in  1839.  His 
Sermons  and  Poetical  Remains  were  ed 
ited  by  Bishop  Doane,  who  prefixed  a 
notice  entitled  The  True  Catholic  Church 
man  in  His  Life  and  Death.  He  died  Nov. 
21,  1839,  in  Burlington,  N.  J. 

WINSLOW,  MRS.  CATHERINE  MARY 
[REIGNOLDS],  actress,  author,  was  born 
about  1830  in  England.  She  is  a  popular 
actress  of  Boston,  and  since  her  retire 
ment  from  the  stage  well  known  as  a 
public  reader.  She  is  the  author  of  Yes 
terdays  with  Actors;  and  Readings  from 
the  Old  English  Dramatists. 

WINSLOW,  MRS.  CELESTE  M.  A.,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1837,  In 
Charlemont,  Mass.  She  is  the  author  of 
a  volume  of  poems;  and  her  contributions 
of  both  prose  and  verse  have  appeared  in 
Scribner's,  Lippincott's  and  other  leading 
publications. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1025 
t 


WINSLOW,  CHARLES  FREDERICK, 
physician,  author,  was  born  in  1811  in 
Nantucket,  Mass.  He  was  the  author  of 
Cosmography;  The  Cooling  Globe;  and 
Force  and  Nature.  He  died  in  1877. 

WINSLOW,  EDWARD,  governor,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1595,  in  England. 
He  was  a  notable  member  of  the  Plymouth 
colony  who  succeeded  Bradford  as  gov 
ernor  of  that  colony  in  1633.  He  was  the 
author  of  Good  Newes  from  New  England; 
Hypocrisy  Unmasked;  New  England's 
Salamander;  and  The  Glorious  Progress 
of  the  Gospel  Among  the  Indians  of  New 
England.  He  died  May  8,  1655,  at  sea. 

WINSLOW,  EDWARD,  governor  of 
New  Brunswick,  was  born  in  1746  in 
Plymouth.  He  settled  in  New  Brunswick, 
was  a  member  of  the  first  council  of  that 
colony,  and,  successively,  surrogate-gen 
eral,  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and  gov 
ernor  of  the  province.  He  died  in  1815. 

WINSLOW,  EDWARD  FRANCIS,  sol 
dier,  railroad  president,  was  born  Sept. 
28,  1837,  in  Augusta,  Maine.  He  was  elect 
ed  president  of  the  St.  Louis  and  San 
Francisco  Railway  company  in  1880.  He 
was  also  for  several  years  president  of 
the  New  York,  Ontario  and  Western  Rail 
way  company,  and  formed  an  association 
for  the  purpose  of  building  the  West  Shore 
railway,  which  he  completed  in  about 
three  years. 

WINSLOW,  MISS  HELEN  M.,  author, 
poet,  was  born  April  13,  1851,  in  West- 
field,  Vt.  She  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  New  England  Woman's  Press  associa 
tion,  and  has  been  its  treasurer  since  its 
foundation.  She  has  done  journalistic 
work  on  many  of  the  leading  Boston  pub 
lications;  and  is  the  author  of  The  Shaw- 
sheen  Mills;  Jack;  A  Bohemian  Chapter; 
and  other  novels;  and  her  poems  have 
been  a  valuable  acquisition  to  current 
literature. 

WINSLOW,  HOMER,  artist,  was  born 
Feb.  24,  1836,  in  Boston,  Mass.  His 
Prisoners  to  the  Front,  exhibited  in  the 
Paris  exposition,  was  one  of  the  few 
American  pictures  which  French  artists 
would  recognize,  and  made  his  name 
famous. 

WINSLOW,  HORACE  SPENCER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  July  18,  1837,  in 
Pittsl'ord,  Vt.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  common 
schools  and  acad 
emies  of  Vermont; 
and  graduated  from 
the  State  and  Na 
tional  Law  school  of 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y., 
and  the  Ohio  State 
and  Union  Law 
school  of  Poland, 
Ohio.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as 
one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Iowa  at 

Newton.  He  has  served  as  district  attor 
ney  of  the  sixth  district  of  Iowa;  has 
been  judge  of  the  second  circuit  of  the 
sixth  district  of  Iowa,  and  judge  of  the 
same  district.  He  was  appointed  code 
commissioner  by  the  supreme  court,  under 
act  of  the  twenty-fifth  general  assembly 
of  the  Iowa  state  legislature. 

WINSLOW,  HUBBARD,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1799,  in  Williston, 
Vt.  He  was  a  presbyterian  rlergyman 
who  held  charges  in  Boston  and  other  lo 
calities,  and  among  whose  writings  are 
Hidden  Life;  Moral  Philosophy;  Doctrine 
of  the  Trinity;  Controversial  Theology; 
Christian  Doctrines;  Young  Man's  Aid 
to  Knowledge,  a  very  popular  work;  and 
Intellectual  Philosophy.  He  died  Aug.  13, 
1864,  in  Williston,  Vt. 

65 


WINSLOW,  JOHN,  soldier,  was  born 
Oct.  29,  1753,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1799 
he  was  elected  brigadier-general  of  the 
Boston  brigade,  and  in  1809  chosen  by  the 
legislature  major-general  of  the  militia. 
He  died  Nov.  29,  1819,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WINSLOW,  JOHN,,  soldier,  a  descend 
ant  of  Governor  Winslow,  of  Pilgrim 
fame,  was  born  May  27,  1702,  in  Marsh- 
field,  Mass.  He  was  founder  of  the  town 
of  Winslow,  in  Maine,  and  principal  actor 
in  the  expulsion  of  the  Acadians  from 
their  homes  in  1755.  He  died  April  17, 
1774,  in  Hingham,  Mass. 

WINSLOW,  JOHN  ANCRUM,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1811,  in  Wilming 
ton,  N.  C.  He  was  commander  of  the 
Kearsarge,  which  on  June  19,  1864,  en 
countered  and  sunk  the  confederate  cruis 
er  Alabama  off  the  coast  of  France.  He 
died  Sept.  29.  1873,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WINSLOW,  JOHN  BRADLEY,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1851,  in  Living 
ston  county,  N.  Y.  In  1871  he  graduated 
from  the  Racine  col 
lege  of  Wisconsin; 
and  in  1875  gradu 
ated  from  the  law 
department  of  the 
university  of  Wis 
consin.  In  1883  he 
was  elected  circuit 
judge  of  the  first  ju 
dicial  circuit;  and 
was  re-elected  and 
served  until  1891.  He 
was  then  appointed 
associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court;  and  in  1895  was  re- 
elected  for  a  full  term.  In  1889  he  was  ap 
pointed  special  lecturer  on  criminal  prac 
tice  in  the  college  of  Law  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Wisconsin. 

WINSLOW,  JOHN  FLACK,  manufac 
turer,  railroad  president,  was  born  Nov. 
5,  1810,  in  Bennington,  Vt.  In  1833  he 
engaged  in  the  production  of  pig-iron  in 
Bergen  and  Sussex  counties,  N.  J.,  and  in 
1837  he  formed  a  connection  with  Erastus 
Corning  of  Albany  which  lasted  under  va 
rious  firm  names  for  thirty  years.  The 
United  States  government  contracted  with 
his  firm  for  the  construction  of  the  Moni 
tor,  which  was  begun  in  1861  at  Green- 
point,  Long  Island,  and  was  launched  in 
1862.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Pough 
keepsie  and  Eastern  railway,  and  of  the 
company  for  constructing  the  Pough 
keepsie  bridge  over  Hudson  river.  He 
died  March  10,  1892,  in  Poughkeepsie. 

WINSLOW,  JOSIAH,  governor,  was 
born  in  1629  in  Plymouth,  Mass.  Two 
years  after  his  father's  death  he  was 
made  assistant  governor  of  Massachu 
setts,  which  post  he  filled  till  his  elec 
tion  in  1673  as  governor,  which  office  he 
held  till  his  death.  He  died  Dec.  18,  1680, 
in  Marshfield,  Mass. 

WINSLOW,  MIRON,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1789,  in  Williston, 
Vt.  He  was  a  presbyterian  missionary 
in  Ceylon  and  Madras;  and  the  author  of 
Hints  on  Missions  to  India;  Sketch  of  the 
Missions;  and  Comprehensive  Tamil  and 
English  Dictionary.  He  died  Oct.  22,  1864, 
at  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  South  Africa. 

WINSLOW,  NEVA  ELIZABETH,  artist, 
poet,  was_  born  Aug.  4,  1873,  in  Centralia, 
Wis.  In  1882  she  moved  to  Iowa;  and  is 
financial  secretary  in  the  I.  O.  G.  T.  lodge 
of  Bailey.  She  is  an  artist  of  ability,  and 
has  received  a  medal;  is  a  correspondent 
for  various  publications;  and  her  poems 
have  appeared  in  several  standard  works. 
WINSLOW,  STEPHEN  NOYES,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  April  14,  1826,  in 
Hartland,  Vt.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  jour 
nalist;  and  the  author  of  Biographies  of 
Successful  Philadelphia  Merchants. 


WINSLOW,  WARREN,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Jan.  1,  1810,  in  Fayetteville,  N.  C.  In  1854 
he  was  appointed  a  confidential  agent  to 
Madrid  on  business  connected  with  the 
Black  Warrior  affair;  and  during  his  ab 
sence  abroad  was  nominated  for  the  sen 
ate  of  North  Carolina.  He  was  elected  a 
member  thereof,  and  placed  in  the  chair 
of  speaker;  and  while  in  that  position 
Governor  Reid  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate,  and  the  duties  of  governor 
devolved  upon  him.  He  was  elected  to 
the  thirty-fourth  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-sixth 
congresses.  He  died  June  11,  1862,  in 
Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

WINSLOW,  WILLIAM  COPLEY,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1840,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  1862  he  graduated  from 
Hamilton  college, 
and  three  years  later 
from  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  General 
Theological  semin 
ary  of  New  York 
city.  He  has  since 
been  engaged  in 
preaching,  lecturing, 
and  writing  for  the 
press;  was  assistant 
editor  of  the  New 
York  World  in  1862- 
63.  and  of  the  Chris 
tian  Union  in  1864.  Since  1870  he  has 
resided  in  Boston,  and  through  his  efforts 
the  Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  received 
a  colossal  statue  of  Rameses  II.  He  is 
the  vice-president  for  the  United  States 
of  the  Egypt  exploration  fund;  is  its 
honorary  secretary;  and  is  regarded  as 
an  authority  on  biblical  and  particularly 
Egyptological  explorations.  He  is  the 
author  of  Israel  in  Egypt;  The  Store  City 
of  Pithom;  A  Greek  City  in  Egypt;  and 
The  Pilgrim  Fathers  in  Holland. 

WINSOR,  JUSTIN,  librarian,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  2,  1831,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  is  librarian  of  Harvard  university.  He 
has  edited  The  Memorial  History  of  Bos 
ton;  and  Narrative  and  Critical  History 
of  America.  His  original  works  include 
Reader's  Handbook  of  the  American 
Revolution;  Cartier  to  Frontenac;  Geo 
graphical  Discovery  in  the  Interior  of 
North  America  in  Its  Historical  Rela 
tions,  1534-1700;  Christopher  Columbus; 
The  Mississippi  Basin:  the  Struggle  in 
America  between  England  and  France; 
Was  Shakespeare  Shapleigh?;  and  His 
tory  of  Duxbury. 

WINSTANDLEY,  JOHN  B.,  legislator, 
was  born  in  1812  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In 
1847  he  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  legis 
lature  from  Floyd  county.  He  was  re- 
elected  the  succeeding  year,  and  in  1849 
was  elected  to  the  senate,  and  served  in 
that  capacity  three  years.  He  was  elected 
to  the  city  council  of  New  Albany  in  1856, 
1868,  1870,  and  1875,  having  had  in  all 
eight  years'  experience  in  that  body. 

WINSTON,  GEORGE  TAYLOR,  educat 
or,  college  president,  was  born  Oct.  12, 
1852,  in  Windsor,  N.  C.  During  1875-91 
he  filled  the  chair  of  Latin  in  the  univer 
sity  of  North  Carolina;  and  from  1891-96 
he  was  president  of  that  institution;  and 
since  1896  has  been  president  of  the  uni 
versity  of  Texas. 

WINSTON,  JOHN  ANTHONY,  legislat 
or,  governor,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1812,  in 
Madison,  Ala.  In  1840  and  1842  he  was 
chosen  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  Ala 
bama  legislature,  and  in  1845  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate,  of  which  he 
was  president  for  several  years.  He  was 
governor  of  Alabama  in  1853-57. '  He  died 
Dec.  21,  1871,  in  Mobile,  Ala. 


1026 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WINSTON,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  June  17,  1746,  in  Louisa 
county,  Va.  In  1766  he  moved  to  North 
Carolina;  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
revolution.  He  commanded  the  right 
wing  of  the  American  troops  in  the  battle 
of  King's  Mountain,  and  for  his  bravery 
had  a  sword  voted  to  him  by  the  legisla 
ture.  He  was  elected  to  congress  in  1792, 
and  again  in  1803,  and  served  until  1807. 
He  died  April  21,  1815,  in  North  Carolina. 
WINTER,  ELISHA  J.,  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1813  to  1815. 

WINTER,  LORENZO  EDWARD,  edu 
cator,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1855,  in  Winesburg,  Ohio. 
He  attained  success  in  educational  work, 
was  superintendent  of  public  schools  in 
Ohio,  and  president  of  Ashland  college. 
He  is  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  meth- 
odist  episcopal  church;  has  been  a  mis 
sionary  to  India;  and  now  fills  a  pastor 
ate  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WINTER,  WILLIAM,  litterateur,  dra 
matic  critic,  author,  poet,  was  born  July 
15,  1836,  in  Gloucester,  Mass.  He  is  a 
prominent  writer  and  dramatic  critic  of 
New  York  city;  and  the  author  of  Poems; 
The  Trip  to  England;  The  Jeffersons; 
English  Rambles;  Shakespeare's  Eng 
land;  Gray  Days  and  Gold;  Old  Shrines 
and  Ivy;  Shadows  of  the  Stage;  My  Wit 
ness,  a  Book  of  Verse;  The  Wanderers, 
a  collection  of  poems;  Thistle  Down,  a 
Book  of  Lyrics;  The  Queen's  Domain, 
and  Other  Poems;  The  Convert,  and 
Other  Poems;  Brown  Heath  and  Blue 
Bells;  and  George  William  Curtis:  a 
Eulogy. 

WINTERMUTE,  MARTHA,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1843,  in  Delaware 
county,  Ohio.  She  is  the  author  of  a 
work  entitled  Eleven  Women  and  Thir 
teen  Men,  a  beautiful  story  in  prose; 
which  also  contains  a  collection  of  Her 
finest  poems.  She  contributes  extensive 
ly  to  current  literature,  and  is  the  author 
of  several  published  works. 

WINTERS,  JOSEPH  EDCIL,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1850,  in  Minni- 
sink,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  author  of  Is  Oper 
ation  of  Tracheotomy  in  Diphtheritic 
Croup  Dangerous;  When  Should  the  Op 
eration  Be  Performed;  Diphtheria  and 
Its  Management;  Are  Membranous  Croup 
and  Diphtheria  Distinct  Diseases;  and 
numerous  other  works. 

WINTHROP,  FREDERICK,  soldier, 
was  born  Aug.  3,  1839,  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  commissioned  a  captain  in  the 
twelfth  United  States  infantry,  and  re 
ceived  the  brevet  of  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  1864.  In  1867  the  brevet 
of  major-general  of  volunteers  was  con 
ferred  on  him,  among  the  few  brevets  that 
were  given  after  death.  He  died  April  1, 
1865,  near  Five  Forks,  Va. 

WINTHROP,  JOHN,  governor,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  22,  1588,  in  England.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  Massachusetts 
twelve  times,  and 
that  he  was  not 
chosen  continuously 
was  due  to  his 
strong  insfstence  up 
on  the  principle  that 
true  liberty  requires 
wise  and  secure  au 
thority.  A  portrait 
of  him,  ascribed  to 
Vandyke,  is  in  the 
senate  chamber  of 
Massachusetts.  He 
was  the  author  of 

Arbitrary  Government  Described;  and 
History  of  New  England  from  1630  to 
1649.  He  died  March  26,  1649,  in  Boston, 


WINTHROP,  JOHN,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1714,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  a  professor  of  mathematics  and 
natural  philosophy  at  Harvard  university 
in  1738-79,  and  the  foremost  teacher  of 
science  in  America  in  his  century.  He 
was  the  author  of  Lectures  on  Earth 
quakes;  Account  of  Some  Fiery  Meteors; 
and  Lectures  on  the  Parallax.  He  died 
May  3,  1779,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WINTHROP,  LAURA,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  13,  1825,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  She 
has  published  Little  Blossom's  Reward,  a 
book  for  children,  under  the  pen-name  of 
Emily  Hare;  Poems  of  Twenty  Years; 
and  Longfellow  Prose  Birthday  Book. 

WINTHROP,  ROBERT  CHARLES,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  May  12,  1809,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  entered  the  legisla 
ture  of  Massachusetts  in  1835;  and  was 
speaker  of  the  house  from  1838  to  1840. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  United  States 
house  of  representatives  from  1840  to  1842, 
and  continued  in  that  body  until  1850;  was 
speaker  during  the  congress  commencing 
in  1847.  He  was  appointed  to  the  senate 
of  the  United  States  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
served  from  1850  to  1851.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Addresses  and  Speeches;  a  Life 
of  Governor  John  Winthrop;  and  Memoirs 
of  Henry  Clay,  Washington,  Bowdoin,  and 
Franklin.  He  died  in  1894. 

WINTHROP,  THEODORE,  soldier,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1828,  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a  brilliant  young 
novelist  who  entered  the  federal  army  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  and  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Big  Bethel.  He  was 
the  author  of  John  Brent;  Cecil  Dreeme; 
Edwin  Brothertoft;  and  The  Canoe  anfl 
the  Saddle.  He  died  June  10,  1861,  near 
Great  Bethel,  Va. 

WINTHROP,  THOMAS  LINDALL,  mer 
chant,  state  senator,  was  born  March  6, 
1760,  in  New  London,  Conn.  He  was  suc 
cessively  a  state  senator,  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Massachusetts  in  1826-32,  and  a 
presidential  elector.  He  died  Feb.  22, 
1841,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WINTHROP,  WILLIAM  WOOLSEY, 
soldier,  author,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1831,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  a  United 
States  army  officer,  professor  of  law  at 
West  Point;  and  the  author  of  Treatise 
on  Military  Law;  and  Digest  of  Opinions 
of  the  Judge  Advocate-General  of  the 
Army. 

WIPPERMAN,  HERMAN  C.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  July  28,  1853,  in 
Mosel,  Wis.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Grand  Rapids;  in  1895  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Wisconsin  state  assembly; 
and  received  the  re-election  to  a  second 
term. 

WIRT,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  8,  1772,  in  Bladensburg,  Md. 
In  1802  he  was  appointed  chancellor  of 
the  eastern  district 
of  Virginia;  and  in 
1803  settled  in  Nor 
folk,  and  wrote  the 
British  Spy  In  1806 
he  settled  in  Rich 
mond;  in  1812  wrote 
The  Old  Bachelor, 
and  in  1817  the  Life 
of  Patrick  Henry.  In 
1816  he  was  appoint 
ed  attorney  of  the 
United  States  for  the 
district  of  Virginia; 
and  in  1817  was  appointed  attorney-gen 
eral  of  the  United  States,  holding  this 
office  until  1829,  after  which  he  settled  in 
Baltimore.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1834,  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 


WIRT.  WILLIAM  EDGAR,  surgeon, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1862,  in  Mendota,  111. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  high 
school  of  Wads- 
worth,  Ohio;  attend 
ed  the  United  States 
Naval  academy  of 
Annapolis,  Md.;  the 
College  of  Physi 
cians  and  Surgeons 
of  New  York  city; 
a1"'  the  medical  de- 
partment  of  the  uni- 
versity  of  Wooster. 
During  1880-86  he 
was  a  midshipman 
in  the  United  States  navy;  and  in  1889- 
90  was  house  surgeon  in  the  hospital  for 
ruptured  and  crippled  in  New  York  city. 
Since  1891  he  has  been  professor  of  or 
thopedic  surgery  in  the  Cleveland  Col 
lege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  and 
.since  1894  has  been  orthopedic  surgeon  in 
the  Cleveland  general  hospital. 

WISE,  DANIEL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  10,  1813,  in  England.  He  is 
a  methodist  clergyman  and  religious  ed 
itor  of  Boston;  and  the  author  of  Per 
sonal  Effort;  Heroic  Methodists;  Boy 
Travelers  in  Arabia;  Some  Remarkable 
Women;  My  Uncle  Toby's  Library;  Un 
crowned  Kings;  Summer  Days  on  the 
Hudson;  and  Men  of  Renown. 

WISE,  GEORGE  DOUGLAS,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  June  4, 
1831,  in  Accomac  county,  Va.  He  served 
in  the  confederate  army  as  a  captain  dur 
ing  the  war  of  the  rebellion;  and  was 
commonwealth  attorney  of  Richmond, 
Va.,  from  1870  to  1880.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty- 
ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and 
fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

WISE,  HENRY  ALEXANDER,  soldier, 
lawyer,  congressman,  governor,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1806,  in  Drummondtown, 
Va.  He  became  a  representative  in  con 
gress,  serving  from  1833  to  1844,  when 
he  resigned  his  seat  for  the  mission  to 
Brazil,  which  post  he  occupied  until  the 
fall  of  1847.  In  1855  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Virginia,  which  office  he  held  un 
til  1860.  He  served  in  the  great  rebellion 
as  a  brigadier-general.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Seven  Decades  of  the  Union;  and 
Memoir  of  John  Tyler.  He  died  Sept.  12, 
1876,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

WISE,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  naval  of 
ficer,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1819,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  United  States 
naval  officer;  and  the  author  of  Story  of 
the  Gray  African  Parrot;  Captain  Brand; 
Los  Gringos;  Tales  for  the  Marines;  and 
Scampavias,  from  Gibel  Tarak  to  Stam- 
boul.  He  died  April  2,  1869,  in  Naples, 
Italy. 

WISE,  ISAAC  MAYER,  author,  was 
born  April  3,  1819,  in  Bohemia.  He  is  Jew 
ish  rabbi  of  Cincinnati  from  1854,  presi 
dent  of  Hebrew  Union  college;  and  the 
author  of  History  of  the  Israelitish  Na 
tion;  Essence  of  Judaism;  Judaism:  Its 
Doctrines  and  Duties;  The  Martyrdom  of 
Jesus  of  Nazareth;  The  Cosmic  God;  His 
tory  of  the  Hebrew  Second  Common 
wealth;  and  Pronaos  to  Holy  Writ. 

WISE,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  in  August,  1652,  in  Roxbury,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman  of 
iDswich  from  1780  until  his  death.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Church's  Quarrel 
Espoused;  and  Vindication  of  the  Gov 
ernment  of  New  England  Churches.  Hft 
died  April  8,  1725,  in  Ipswich,  Maine. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1027 


WISE,  JOHN,  aeronaut,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  24,  1808,  in  Lancaster,  Pa.  He 
was  a  noted  aeronaut;  and  the  au 
thor  of  System  of  Aeronautics;  and 
Through  the  Air,  or  Forty  Years'  Experi 
ence  as  an  Aeronaut.  He  died  Sept.  29, 
1879,  on  Lake  Michigan. 

WISE,  JOHN  SERGEANT,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
25,  1846,  in  Brazil.  He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Virginia  to  the  forty- 
eighth  congress.  He  now  practices  law 
in  New  York  city;  and  is  the  author  of 
DiomeU,  the  Life,  Travels  and  Observa 
tions  of  a  Dog. 

WISE,  MORGAN  R.,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  June  7,  1830,  in 
West  Bethlehem,  Pa.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Pennsylvania  state  legis 
lature  from  1874  to  1878;  and  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

WISELY,  JAMES  L.,  educator,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  June  9,  1824,  in  Aber 
deen,  Scotland.  At  the  age  of  twenty 
he  became  associated 
with  Isaac  Pitman 
in  disseminating  the 
art  of  phonography. 
In  1850  he  emigrated 
to  America,  farmed 
in  Wisconsin,  and 
there  taught  school. 
In  1878  he  moved  to 
Nebraska,  and  in 
1884  became  editor 
and  owner  of  the 
Loup  County  Clari 
on;  was  elected 
county  treasurer;  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace  tor  several  terms;  and  in  1893  re 
tired  from  active  work  and  moved  to 
Lincoln,  Neb.  He  has  contributed  to  vari 
ous  publications,  and  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  meritorious  poems. 

WISMAN,  JAMES  MARTIN,  educator, 
college  president,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1855, 
in  Williams  county,  Ohio.  In  1893  he  was 
elected  president  of  Duquesne  college, 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  which  position  he  still 
holds. 

WISNER,  BENJAMIN  BLYDENBURG, 
•clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1794, 
in  Goshen,  N.  Y.  In  1821-32  he  was  pas 
tor  of  the  Old  South  church  of  Boston, 
Mass.  His  publications  include  single 
sermons  and  memoirs;  History  of  the 
Old  South  Church;  and  Moral  Condition 
and  Prospects  of  the  Heathen.  He  died 
Feb.  9,  1835,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WISNER,  HENRY,  congressman,  was 
born  in  1725  in  Goshen,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  New  York  to  the  continent 
al  congress  from  1774  to  1776.  He  died 
in  1790  in  Goshen,  N.  Y. 

WISNER,  MOSES,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  governor,  was  born  in  1818  in  Au- 
relius,  N.  Y.  In  1843  he  was  appointed 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Lapeer  county, 
Mich.  In  1858  he  was  elected  governor  of 
the  state.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1863,  in  Lex 
ington,  Ky. 

WISNER,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1782  in  Warwick,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of  Ro 
chester,  N.  Y.;  and  the  author  of  Inci 
dents  in  the  Life  of  a  Pastor;  and  Civil 
Liberty.  He  died  Jan.  7,  1871,  in  Cedar 
Rapids,  Iowa. 

WISNER,  WILLIAM  CARPENTER, 
•clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1808, 
in  Elmira,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian 
clergyman  at  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  in  1837- 
76;  and  the  author  of  Prelacy  and  Parity. 
He  died  July  14,  1880,  in  Lockport,  N.  Y. 

WISSER,  JOHN  PHILIP,  soldier,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  July  19,  1852,  in  St.  Louis, 


Mo.  During  1874-80  he  was  second  lieu 
tenant  of  the  first  artillery,  United  States 
army;  and  since  1880  has  been  first  lieu 
tenant,  with  headquarters  at  Fort  Mon 
roe,  Va.  He  is  the  editor  of  The  Journal 
of  the  United  States  artillery;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Chemical  Manipulations;  Modern 
Gun  Cotton;  Practical  Instruction  in 
Minor  Tactics  and  Strategy;  and  Report 
on  Military  Schools  of  Europe. 

WISTAR,  CASPAR,  physician,  educat 
or,  author,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1761,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1792  he  became  ad 
junct  professor  of 
anatomy  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  The  chair  of 
anatomy  he  filled 
until  his  death,  and 
his  lectures  and 
demonstrations  did 
much  to  establish 
the  high  character 
and  wide  reputation 
of  the  school.  From 
1793  to  1810  he  was 
physician  to  the 
Pennsylvania  hospital,  and  his  resigna 
tion  of  this  post  after  long  services  caused 
great  regret.  He  was  the  author  of  Sys 
tem  of  Anatomy  for  Use  of  Students  in 
Medicine.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1818,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

WISTAR,  ISAAC  JONES,  soldier,  law 
yer,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1827,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  entered  the  national  army 
in  1861  as  a  captain  in  a  regiment  of 
Pennsylvania  volunteers,  and  served  in 
Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  was  com 
missioned  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 
After  the  war  he  resumed  practice,  and 
is  now  president  of  a  canal  company  and 
several  coal  companies  in  Pennsylvania. 

WISTER,  MRS.  ANNIS  LEE  FUR- 
NESS,  author,  translator,  was  born  Oct. 
9,  1830,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  She  is  a 
noted  and  popular  translator  of  many 
German  novels. 

WISTER,  OWEN,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  in  I860  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a 
lawyer  and  writer  of  Philadelphia;  and 
the  author  of  The  New  Swiss  Family  Rob 
inson;  The  Dragon  of  Wantley,  a  ro 
mance;  and  Red  Men  and  White,  a  col 
lection  of  frontier  stories. 

WISTER,  MRS.  SARAH  [BUTLER], 
author,  poet,  was  born  in  1835  near  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  She  is  a  Philadelphia  writer 
who  has  published  A  Boat  of  Glass,  a 
poem;  and  translations  from  Alfred  de 
Musset. 

WISWALL,  ICHABOD,  clergyman,  poet, 
was  born  in  1638  in  England.  From  1676 
until  his  death  he  was  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Duxbury,  Mass.  He  published 
a  poem  on  the  comet  of  1680.  He  died 
July  23,  1700,  in  Duxbury,  Mass. 

WITCHER,  JOHN  S.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
July  15,  1839,  in  Cabell  county,  Va.  He 
entered  the  volunteer  army  in  1862  as  a 
lieutenant,  and  rose  by  degrees  to  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general,  serving  to  the 
end  of  the  war.  In  1865  he  was  elected 
to  the  West  Virginia  state  legislature;  and 
in  1866  was  elected  secretary  of  state. 
In  1868  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  West  Virginia  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

WITHAM,  SAMUEL  MOSHER,  con 
tractor,  builder,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  14, 
1843,  in  Old  York,  Maine.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  contractor,  builder  and  dealer  in 
real  estate  in  Haverhill,  Mass.,  where  he 
has  filled  numerous  public  positions  of 
trust.  Several  of  his  poems  have  been  set 
to  music;  and  he  is  represented  in  Poets 
of  America  and  other  standard  works. 


WITHEE,  LEVI,  lumber  merchant,  state 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1834,  in  Nor- 
ridgewock,  Maine.  He  moved  to  Wiscon 
sin  fh  1853;  and  is  a  successful  lumber 
merchant  in  La  Crosse.  In  1892  he  was 
elected  a  state  senator  in  the  Wisconsin 
assembly;  and  received  the  re-election  to 
the  same  office  in  1896. 

WITHERELL,  JAMES,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
June  16,  1759,  in  Mansfield,  Mass.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature;  two 
years  a  county  judge,  and  state  councilor 
from  1803  to  1807.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Vermont  during  the 
years  1807  and  1808,  and  in  the  latter 
year  was  appointed  federal  judge  in  the 
territory  of  Michigan.  He  died  Jan.  9, 
1838,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

WITHERS,  FREDERIC  CLARKE,  ar 
chitect,  author,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1828,  in 
England.  He  is  an  architect  of  New  York 
city,  the  designer  of  the  reredos  in  Trinity 
church  in  that  city,  and  the  author  of 
Church  Architecture. 

WITHERS,  JONES  MITCHELL,  soldier, 
lawyer,  journalist,  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.  12,  1814,  in  Madison  county,  Wis. 
He  settled  in  Mobile  as  a  lawyer  and  com 
mission  merchant  in  1841.  He  was  in 
the  legislature  in  1855;  mayor  of  Mobile 
in  1856-61,  and  at  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  war  entered  the  confederate  army  as 
colonel  of  the  third  Alabama  infantry.  He 
became  brigadier-general  in  1861,  and  ma 
jor-general  early  in  1862.  After  the  war 
he  returned  to  Mobile,  and  edited  the  Tri 
bune  in  that  city. 

WITHERS,  ROBERT  ENOCH,  soldier, 
journalist,  United  States  senator,  govern 
or,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1821,  in  Campbell 
county,  Va.  He  entered  the  service  as 
major  when  Virginia  passed  the  ordinance 
of  secession,  and  was  made  colonel  of  the 
eighteenth  Virginia  regiment  in  1861.  In 
1866  he  moved  to  Lynchburg  and  edit 
ed  the  News  until  1868.  He  was  presiden 
tial  elector  for  the  state  at  large  in  1873, 
and  was  elected  lieutenant-governor  in 
1873,  and  United  States  senator  for  six 
years  from  March  4,  1875. 

WITHERS,  T.  I.,  lawyer,  jurist.  He 
was  reputed  to  be  one  of  the  ablest  jur 
ists  in  the  south,  and  was  for  a  long  time 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  South  Car 
olina.  He  died  Dec.  8,  1865,  in  Sumter- 
ville,  S.  C. 

WITHERSPOON,  JOHN,  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  born 
Feb.  5,  1722,  in  Scotland.  In  1766  he  came 
to  America,  having  been  elected  president 
of  Princeton  college.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  first  constitutional  convention  of 
New  Jersey  in  1776;  was  a  signer  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1776  to  1782,  and  signed  the  articles  of 
confederation.  He  served  in  the  legisla 
ture,  and  at  the  same  time  frequently  oc 
cupied  the  pulpit.  He  was  the  author  of 
Ecclesiastical  Characteristics;  Thoughts 
on  American  Liberty;  Sermons  on  Prac 
tical  Subjects;  Leading  Truths  of  the 
Gospel;  Letters  on  Marriage;  and  Ser 
mons  on  Various  Subjects.  He  died  Nov. 
15,  1794,  in  Princeton,  N.  J. 

WITHERSPOON,  ROBERT,  congress 
man.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1809  to 
1811. 

WITHERSPOON,  THEODORE 
DWIGHT,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  17,  1836,  in  Greensborough,  Ala.  He 
was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  in  Louis 
ville  from  1882,  and  the  author  of  Children 
of  the  Covenant;  and  Letters  on  Roman 
ism. 


HERRINGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA       OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WITHEY,  SOLOMON  L.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  was  born  April  21,  1820,  in 
St.  Albans,  Vt.  In  1848  he  was  elected 
judge  of  probate  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
and  in  1860  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate.  He  was  appointed  United  States  dis 
trict  judge  for  the  western  district  of 
Michigan  in  1869.  He  was  president  of 
the  First  National  bank  of  Grand  Rapids. 
He  died  April  25,  1886.  in  Grand  Rapids. 
Mich. 

WITHINGTON,  LEONARD,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1789,  in  Dorches 
ter,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregational  cler 
gyman,  pastor  at  Newbury,  Mass.,  in 
1816-85,  and  the  author  of  The  Puritan,  a 
series  of  Essays;  Penitential  Tears;  and 
Solomon's  Song  Translated  and  Explained. 
He  died  April  22,  1885,  in  Newbury,  Mass. 

WITT,  SAMUEL  B.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1850,  in  Prince  Edward 
county,  Va.  In  1879-80  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Virginia  state  legislature,  and  was 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Richmond,  Va., 
for  five  terms.  He  was  then  elected  judge 
of  the  Hustings  court,  to  which  he  was 
re-elected  in  1896  for  a  second  term  of 
six  years. 

WITTE,  WILLIAM  H.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  Jersey.  Having  settled 
in  Pennsylvania  he  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  1853  to  1855. 

WIXON,  ISAAC,  surgeon,  state  senator, 
was  born  March  7,  1803,  in  Hector,  N.  Y. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Michigan 
state  legislature,  and  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  senate.  In  1870  he  moved  to 
Fentonville,  Mich.,  where  he  took  up  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 

WIXON,  SUSAN  HELEN,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  1849,  in  Dennisport,  Mass. 
She  is  a  popular  lecturer  on  moral  re 
form  and  educational  topics  in  Fall  River, 
Mass.;  and  is  president  of  the  Humboldt 
Scientific  society.  She  is  the  author  of  All 
in  a  Lifetime;  Apples  of  Gold;  The  Story 
Hour;  Summer  Days  at  Onset;  and  a 
volume  of  poems. 

WOERNER,  J.  GABRIEL.  lawyer, 
state  senator,  jurist,  was  born  April  28, 
1826,  in  Germany.  He  served  two  terms 
in  the  Missouri  senate;  in  1864  was  mayor 
of  St.  Louis,  and  in  1870  was  elected 
judge  of  the  probate  court  of  St.  Louis 
county. 

WOFFORD,  JOHN  W.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1837,  in  Georgia. 
He  served  in  the  house  and  senate  of 
Georgia;  and  was  in  the  confederate  ser 
vice  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the 
war.  In  1892  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  Jackson  county  criminal  court  at 
Kansas  City,  Mo.;  and  was  elected  to 
continue  in  that  position. 

WOGAN,  HENRY  F.,  soldier,  educator, 
lawyer,  clergyman,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1839, 
near  Rio  Grande  College,  Ohio.  He  re 
ceived  his  education 
at  the  A.  M.  L.  uni 
versity,  Pomeroy 
academy,  and  the 
National  Normal  un 
iversity,  all  in  Ohio. 
He  also  attended  the 
Hillsdale  college. 
Michigan,  and  the 
Illinois  Wesleyan 
university.  During 
the  war  he  enlisted 
as  a  line  and  recruit 
ing  officer  in  the 
union  army,  and  out  of  the  company  of 
eighty-four  only  six  survived  the  siege 
and  fall  of  Richmond  and  the  confed 
eracy.  In  1858  he  was  ordained  a  clergy 
man.  He  was  originally  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1864  in  Ohio,  and  in  North  Dakota 


in  1883;  and  in  1890  to  the  district  and 
supreme  courts.  He  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D.,  M.  D.  and  D.  D. 
He  has  attained  success  also  in  educa 
tional  work,  and  was  a  candidate  for  state 
superintendent  of  public  instruction  for 
North  Dakota,  in  which  state  he  resides 
at  Bismarck. 

WOLCOTT,  ANSON,  farmer,  merchant, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1819. 
in  Western,  N.  Y.  In  1864  he  moved  to 
Indiana;  two  years 
later  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  sen 
ate  of  that  state,  and 
during  three  sessions 
of  the  legislature  he 
held  the  position  of 
chairman  of  the  sen 
ate  finance  commit 
tee.  In  1876  he  was 
nominated  by  the 
greenback  party  for 
the  office  of  govern 
or.  He  filled  nume 
rous  public  offices  of  trust  in  his  native 
state  prior  to  his  settlement  in  Indiana, 
and  was  attorney  and  counselor  at  law 
of  the  supreme  court  for  the  state  of  New 
York,  and  later  of  the  United  States  su 
preme  court.  He  is  the  author  of  a  num 
ber  of  papers  on  the  subject  of  finance, 
which  have  been  published  as  memorials, 
by  order  of  the  United  States  senate.  He 
has  been  a  successful  farmer  and  grain 
dealer  of  Wolcott,  Ind..  and  is  a  direct 
descendant  of  Henry  Wolcott,  who  came 
from  Somersetshire,  England,  in  1630. 

WOLCOTT,  EDWARD  OLIVER,  sol 
dier,  lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  March  26,  1848,  in  Long  Meadow, 
Mass.  He  served  for  a  few  months  as 
private  in  the  one  hundred  and  fiftieth 
regiment  of  Ohio  volunteers  in  1864.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
as  a  republican  from  Denver,  Col.,  and 
took  his  seat  March  4,  1889.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  1895.  His  term  of  service  will 
expire  March  3,  1901. 

WOLCOTT,  HENRY'  ROGER,  financier, 
state  senator,  was  born  March  15,  1846,  in 
Ixmg  Meadow,  Mass.  He  is  now  treasurer 
of  the  Colorado  Mining  and  Smelting 
company,  a  director  of  the  Equitable  Life 
Assurance  society  of  New  York.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  Colorado 
in  1878-82,  and  president  pro  tern,  during 
his  last  term. 

WOLCOTT,  JOHN  TRUMAN,  musician, 
composer,  was  born  May  5,  1869,  in 
Detroit,  Mich.  He  has  composed  a  great 
many  songs,  which  have  become  popular, 
and  is  the  author  of  the  oratorio  Hezekiah 
and  St.  John.  He  has  conducted  several 
of  the  heavy  cantatas,  such  as  Belshazzar, 
and  gave  a  grand  production  of  Elijah  in 
1894.  He  has  been  organist  in  several 
churches  of  Detroit;  gave  a  series  of  suc 
cessful  organ  recitals  in  the  states  and 
Canada,  and  is  the  present  organist  anfl 
director  of  the  choir  of  the  Lincoln  Ave 
nue  Methodist  church. 

WOLCOTT,  OLIVER,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  Nov. 
26,  1726,  in  Windsor,  Conn.  He  was  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  declaration  of  inde 
pendence  and  of  the  articles  of  confed 
eration;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1775  to  1778,  and 
from  1780  to  1784.  As  a  military  man  he 
rose  to  the  grade  of  major-general,  and 
was  present  at  the  capture  of  Burgoyne. 
In  1786  he  was  elected  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Connecticut,  holding  the  office 
ten  years.  He  was  governor  of  Connec 
ticut  from  1796  until  his  death.  He  died 
Dec.  1,  1797,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 


WOLCOTT,  ROGER,  colonial  governor, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1679,  in  Windsor, 
Conn.  He  was  a  colonial  governor  of 
Connecticut  in  1750-54,  and  the  author  of 
Poetical  Meditations.  He  died  May  17, 
1767,  in  East  Windsor,  Conn. 

WOLCOTT,  ROGER,  lawyer,  statesman, 
was  born  July  13,  1847,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  served  in  the  common  council  of 
Boston  in  1877-79;  in  the  state  house  of 
representatives  in  1882-84;  and  in  1892  and 
again  in  1893,  was  elected  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Massachusetts. 

WOLCOTT,  SAMUEL,  clergyman,  mis 
sionary,  poet,  was  born  July  2,  1813,  in 
Windsor,  Conn.  He  was  missionary  in 
Syria  for  three  years.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  genealogy  of  the  Wolcott  Family, 
and  wrote  numerous  hymns.  He  died 
in  February,  1886,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WOLDINGER,  JOSEPH,  manufacturer, 
state  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1827,  in 
Wilson,  Wis.  He  is  president  of  the 
Sprangers  Clothing  company  of  South 
Kaukauna,  Wis.,  and  president  of  the 
Dundas  Butter  and  Cheese  company.  In 
1894  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Wisconsin  state  assembly,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1896. 

WOLF.  EDMUND  JACOB,  clergyman, 
educator,  author,  was  born  in  1840  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  lutheran  clergy 
man,  professor  in  the  Theological  semi 
nary  at  Gettysburg  from  1874,  and  the 
author  of  History  of  the  Lutherans  in 
America. 

WOLF,  GEORGE,  lawyer,  state  legis 
lator,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
Aug.  12,  1777,  in  Northampton  county. 
Pa.  After  pursuing 
a  course  of  classical 
education  in  his  own 
county,  he  studied 
law,  became  eminent 
and  engaged  in  a  lu 
crative  practice.  In 
1818  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  leg 
islature  of  his  na 
tive  state,  and  was  a 
representative  •  i  n 
congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1824  to 
1829.  He  was  governor  of  that  state  from 
1829  to  1835.  In  1836  he  was  appointeu 
first  comptroller  of  the  United  States 
treasury;  was  subsequently  appointed  col 
lector  of  customs  at  Philadelohia.  He 
died  March  17,  1840,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
WOLF,  SIMON,  lawyer,  lecturer,  was 
born  Oct.  28,  1836,  in  Bavaria.  In  1862 
he  went  to  Washington,  and  in  1869  he 
was  appointed  recorder  of  deeds  for  the 
District  of  Columbia,  holding  that  office 
until  1878.  In  1881  he  received  the  post 
of  consul-general  in  Egypt,  which  he  re 
signed  in  1882. 

WOLF,  THEODORE  FREL1NGHUY- 
SEN,  physician,  author,  was  born  in  1843 
in  New  Jersey.  He  is  a  physician  and 
litterateur  of  Ledgewood,  N.  J.,  and  the 
author  of  A  Literary  Pilgrimage  Among 
the  Haunts  of  Famous  British  Authors; 
and  Literary  Shrines:  the  Haunts  of  Some 
Famous  American  Authors — two  widely 
popular  books. 

WOLF.  WILLIAM  P.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born  Dec. 
1,  1833,  in  Stark  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
superintendent  of  common  schools  in 
Iowa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
house  of  representatives  in  1863  and 
1864.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  state 
house  of  representatives;  was  assistant 
assessor  of  internal  revenue  in  1865,  and 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  In  1867. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Iowa  to  the  forty-first  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 


HKRRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA       OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAI'lIY. 


1029 


WOLFE,  CATHARINE  LORILLARD, 
philanthropist,  was  born  March  28,  1828, 
in  New  York  city.  She  gave  about  $100,- 
•000  to  Union  college,  $30,000  to  St.  Luke's 
hospital.  New  York  city,  and  $65,000  to 
.St.  Johnland  on  Long  Island;  largely  aid 
ed  in  building  the  American  chapel  at 
Rome,  and  contributed  a  large  sum  to 
the  one  in  Paris;  established  an  Italian 
mission,  costing  $50,000,  and  a  newsboys 
lodging-house,  and  a  diocesan  house 
which,  including  its  endowment,  cost 
$170,000.  She  died  April  4,  1887,  in  New 
York  city. 

WOLFE.  HENRY  E.,  clergyman,  was 
born  Aug.  5,  1859,  in  Ortonville,  Mich. 
In  1886  he  graduated  from  the  Albion  col 
lege  of  Boston,  Mass.;  subsequently  from 
the  University  School  of  Theology,  and 
has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  M.  and 
S.  T.  B.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the 
methodist  episcopal  churches  at  Calumet, 
Saginaw  and  Flint,  Mich.,  and  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  religious  publica 
tions. 

WOLFE,  JAMES  B.,  educator,  college 
president,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1856,  in  Sulli 
van  county,  Tenn.  In  1885  he  graduated 
from  the  National  Normal  university  of 
Lebanon,  Ohio;  has  been  superintendent 
of  the  Bremond  public  schools,  Texas'; 
principal  of  the  Calvert  High  school,  and 
president  of  the  Gladeville  college,  Vir 
ginia. 

WOLFE,  JOHN  B.,  clergyman,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  May  14,  1843,  in  Bond 
county,  111.  He  served  in  the  civil  war, 
and  has  attained  prominence  as  one  of 
the  most  eminent  clergymen  of  Illinois. 
He  has  been  secretary  of  the  Illinois 
conference  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church;  presiding  elder,  a  delegate  to 
the  general  conference  of  1896,  and  a  del 
egate  to  the  national  conference  of  chari 
ties  held  in  Toronto,  Ontario,  in  1897. 
He  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Bloomington. 
111. 

WOLFE,  JOHN  DAVID,  merchant,  phi 
lanthropist,  was  born  July  24,  1792,  in 
New  York  city.  He  founded  a  high- 
.school  for  girls,  known  as  Wolfe  hall,  at 
Denver,  Col.,  and  a  diocesan  school  for 
girls  at  Topeka,  Kan.,  gave  the  building 
for  the  theological  seminary  connected 
with  Kenyon  college,  and  a  fund  for  the 
college  of  the  Sisters  of  Bethany,  at  To 
peka,  Kan.,  built  homes  for  crippled  and 
destitute  children  and  for  impoverished 
Christian  men,  in  Suffolk  county,  N.  Y., 
and,  with  Mrs.  Peter  Cooper,  established 
the  Sheltering  Arms  charity  in  New  York 
city.  He  died  May  17,  1872.  in  New  York 
•city. 

WOLFE,  NORMAN  M.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  6.  1850,  in  Richland  county, 
Ohio.  He  is  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Mans 
field,  Ohio.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  board  of  education  of  his  city,  city 
solicitor,  and  is  now  judge  of  court  of 
common  pleas. 

WOLFE,  SIMEON  K.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
journalist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Feb.  14,  1824,  in  Floyd  county, 
Ind.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1856,  and  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  state 
senate  in  1860,  and  served  four  years.  He 
was  colonel  of  the  Indiana  militia  in  1861, 
and  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Cory- 
don  Democrat  from  1857  to  1865.  In  1870 
he  moved  to  New  Albany;  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  forty-third  congress. 

WOLFENBARGER,  ANDREW  GIV- 
ENS.  lawyer,  author,  was  born  March  24, 
1856.  in  Greenbank,  Va.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  lawyer  of  Lincoln,  Neb., 
and  is  president  of  the  Nebraska  Irriga 
tion  association.  He  is  the  author  of  the 
Nebraska  Legislative  Year  Book  of  1897. 


WOLFF,  S.  A.,  educator,  musician,  was 
born  Feb.  8,  1861,  near  Abbottstown,  Pa. 
During  1886-91  he  was  musical  director 
of  Gaston  college  of  Dallas,  N.  C.,  and 
since  1891  has  been  principal  of  that  in 
stitution. 

WOLFORD,  FRANK  D.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Sept.  2,  1817,  in  Adair  county,  Ky. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Kentucky 
state  legislature  in  1847,  1848,  1865  and 
1866.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1864  and  1868,  and  was  adjutant-general 
of  the  state  of  Kentucky  in  1867  and  1868. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  forty-eighth  congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-ninth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

WOLLE,  FRANCIS,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1817,  in 
Jacobsburg.  Pa.  He  was  a  Moravian  cler 
gyman  and  educator  of  Bethlehem/  Pa. 
He  was  the  author  of  Desmids  of  the 
United  States;  Fresh-Water  Algse;  and 
Diatomacese  of  North  America.  He  died 
in  1893. 

WOLLENHAUPT,  HERMANN  AD- 
OLPH,  musician,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1827, 
in  Germany.  He  composed  pieces  for  the 
pianoforte,  some  of  which  were  much  ad 
mired;  several  of  them  were  published  in 
Europe.  He  died  Sept.  18,  1863,  in  New 
York  city. 

WOLLENWEBER,  LOUIS  AUGUST, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1807, 
in  Germany.  He  was  a  German  printer 
who  came  to  America,  and,  after  editing 
several  German  papers  in  Philadelphia, 
removed  to  Reading,  Pa.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Sketches  of  Domestic  Life  in 
Pennsylvania;  Treu  bis  in  den  Tod;  and 
Zwei  treue  Kameraden.  He  died  July  25. 
1888,  in  Reading,  Pa. 

WOLVERTON,  SIMON  P.,  soldier,  law 
yer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1837, 
in  Rush  township,  Pa.  In  1862  he  raised 
a  company  of  emer 
gency  men,  of  which 
he  was  made  cap 
tain,  and  served  in 
the  eighteenth  regi 
ment  of  Pennsylvan 
ia  volunteers.  In 
1863  he  was  chosen 
captain  of  company 
F,  thirty-sixth  regi 
ment  Pennsylvania 
volunteers.  In  1878 
he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate,  and  was 
reflected  in  1880  and  1884,  when  he  de 
clined  further  nomination  to  that  office. 
In  1884  he  was  nominated  for  United 
States  senator  by  the  democrats  of  both 
houses,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  democrat.  He  declined  further  nom 
ination  for  congress. 

WOOD.  ABIEL,  merchant,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1772. 
He  was  a  distinguished  merchant  of  Wis- 
casset,  Mass.,  and  from  1807  to  1811,  and 
in  1816,  was  a  member  of  the  state  leg 
islature.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  that  jstate  from  1813  to  1815,  and 
was  a  state  councilor  in  1820  and  1821.  He 
died  in  November,  1834,  in  Belfast,  Maine. 
WOOD,  ALAN,  banker,  congressman, 
was  born  July  6,  1834,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  took  charge  of  the  Delaware  Iron 
works  of  his  father  and  was  there  six 
years.  He  moved  to  Conshohocken,  Pa., 
and  assisted  in  building  the  original  mill 
of  the  Schuylkill  Iron  works.  He  became 
interested  in  the  two  companies,  and  was 
president  of  the  First  National  bank  of 
Conshohocken.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
forty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 


WOOD,  ALPHONSO,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  17,  1810,  in  Chesterfield, 
N.  H.  He  was  an  educator  of  Brooklyn 
whose  text-books  were  very  popular.  He 
was  the  author  of  Class-Book  of  Botany; 
First  Lessons  in  Botany;  Leaves  and 
Flowers;  and  The  American  Botanist.  He 
died  Jan.  4,  1881,  in  West  Farms,  N.  Y. 

WOOD.  AMOS  E.,  agriculturist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  was  born  in  1810 
in  Jefferson  county,  N.  Y.  He  twice  served 
in  the  legislature,  and  once  for  the  term 
of  two  years  in  the  state  senate,  from 
Woodville,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  Ohio  from 
1850  to  1852.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1850,  in 
Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

WOOD,  BENJAMIN,  journalist,  state 
senator,  congressman,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  13,  1820,  in  Shelbyville,  Ky.  He  made 
several  voyages  to 
the  West  Indies  and 
along  the  South  Am 
erican  coast,  and  be 
fore  reaching  man 
hood  had  traveled 
through  nearly  every 
state  in  the  Union. 
His  business  was 
principally  transact 
ed  in  New  York, 
where  he  became 
very  wealthy.  He 
was  a  state  senator 
in  1866  and  1867,  and  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  thirty- 
seventh,  thirty-eighth  and  forty-seventh 
congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Fort  Lafayette,  or  Love  and  Se 
cession. 

WOOD,  BENSON,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1839  in  Susque- 
hanna  county.  Pa.  He  was  an  Illinois 
soldier  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  at 
taining  the  rank  of  captain  of  infantry. 
He  was  mayor  of  the  city  of  Effingham, 
111.,  and  a  representative  in  the  general 
assembly  of  Illinois.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-iourth  congress. 

WOOD,  BRADFORD  R.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  He 
moved  to  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  that  state 
from  1845  to  1847.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed  minister  resident  to  Denmark. 

WOOD.  CHARLES,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  3,  1851,  in  Brooklyn,  N. 
Y.  He  is  a  presbyterian  clergyman  of 
Germantown,  Philadelphia,  and  the  author 
of  Saunterings  in  Europe. 

WOOD,  CHARLES  BRADLEY,  educa 
tor,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1843,  in  t  ulton 
county,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  and  received 
the  degrees  of  A.  B. 
and  A.  M.  For  two 
years  he  taught 
mathematics  in  West 
i  armington.  Ohio; 
then  in  Willoughby. 
He  subsequently  was 
principal  of  public 
schools  at  Sewickley, 
Pa.;  professor  o  f 
mathematics  in  the 
Pittsburg  High 

school  for  eleven  years;  and  for  sixteen 
years  has  been  principal  of  the  Pittsburg 
High  school.  He  has  been  actively  identi 
fied  with  building  and  loan  associations 
for  fifteen  years,  and  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  current  literature  on  educa 
tional  topics. 

WOOD,  DANIEL  P.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1819,  in  Pompey, 
N.  Y.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  New 
York  city,  and  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  state  senate. 


HKRRINGSHAW3    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WOOD,  FERNANDO,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  14,  1812,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1840  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from 
New  York  to  the 
twenty-seventh  con 
gress.  In  1854  he 
was  elected  mayor  of 
New  York,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the 
same  position,  serv 
ing  five  years.  He 
was  also  elected  to 
the  thirty-eighth, 
fortieth,  forty-first, 
forty-second,  forty- 
third,  forty-fourth, 

forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses.    He 
died  Feb.  20,  1881,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WOOD,  GEORGE,  public  official,  author, 
was  born  in  1799  in  Newburyport,  Mass. 
He  was  a  treasury  clerk  at  Washington, 

and    the    author    of 

Peter  Schmeil  in 
America;  The  Mod 
ern  Pilgrim;  Marry 
ing  Too  Late;  and 
Future  Life,  reissueil 
in  1869  as  The  Gates 
Wide  Open.  Besides 
his  published  works 
h  e  contributed  a 
number  of  valuable 
articles  to  the  lead 
ing  newspapers  and 
magazines  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  March  17,  1870,  in 
New  York  city. 

WOOD,  GEORGE  BACON,  physician, 
educator,  author,  was  born  March  13,  1797, 
in  Greenwich,  N.  J.  He  was  a  Philadel 
phia  physician,  and  medical  professor  in 
the  university  of  Pennsylvania  in  1835-60. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Dispensatory 
of  the  United  States;  The  Practice  of 
Medicine;  Therapeutics  and  Pharmacol 
ogy;  Introductory  Lectures  and  Addresses 
on  Medical  Subjects;  History  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania;  and  Lives  of  S. 
G.  Morton,  F.  Bache.  He  died  March  30, 
1879,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WOOD,  GEORGE  T.,  soldier,  congress 
man,  governor.  He  was  appointed  major 
of  Georgia  three  months'  volunteers  in  the 
Creek  war  in  1836;  was  colonel  of  the 
second  Texas  regiment  of  mounted  vol 
unteers  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  was  dis 
tinguished  at  the  storming  of  Monterey. 
He  was  afterwards  member  of  the  Texas 
congress,  and  was  governor  of  Texas  from 
1847  to  1849.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1858,  on 
Trinity  River,  Texas. 

WOOD,  HENRY,  merchant,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  16,  1834,  in  Barre,  Vt.  He  has 
been  a  member  and  officer  in  various  eth 
ical,  philosophical 
a  n  d  humanitarian 
associations,  and  is 
the  author  of  several 
j^^^  books  of  wide  circu 
lation,  on  fiction, 
philosophy  and  met 
aphysics,  entitled 
God's  Image  in  Man; 
Ideal  Suggestion; 
Studies  in  the 
Thought  World;  Po 
litical  Economy  of 
Natural  Law,  and 
other  works.  In  1855  he  emigrated  to 
the  west,  began  a  successful  career  in 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  whence  he  removed 
to  Chicago  in  1863.  After  ten  years,  owing 
to  ill-health,  he  retired  from  the  active 
wholesale  trade  in  which  he  had  been 
engaged,  and  removed  to  Boston  in  1882. 
He  says  that  he  has  never  attempted 
poetic  form,  but  no  critic  can  deny  that 
his  prose  is  imbued  with  a  poetic  spirit. 


WOOD,  HORACE  GAY,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  in  1831  in  Vermont.  He  was 
a  New  Hampshire  lawyer,  who  practiced 
in  New  York  city  in  his  latest  years. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Heiation  of 
Landlord  and  Tenant;  Treatise  on  the 
Law  of  Nuisances;  Master  and  Servant; 
The  Law  of  Fire  Insurance;  Limitation 
of  Actions  at  Law  and  in  Equity;  On  the 
Statute  of  Frauds;  The  Law  of  Railroads; 
and  Legal  Remedies  of  Mandamus  and 
Prohibition.  He  died  in  1893. 

WOOD,  HORATIO  CURTIS,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1841,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  medical  professor 
in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania  from 
1866,  and  the  author  of  The  Phalangidse 
of  the  United  States;  Researches  upon 
American  Hemp;  Brain  Work  and  Over 
work;  On  Fever;  Nervous  Diseases  and 
their  Diagnosis;  Thermic  Fever,  or  Sun 
stroke;  and  Therapeutics. 

WOOD,  ISAAC,  physician,  was  born 
Aug.  21,  1793,  in  Clinton,  N.  Y.  He  was 
for  twenty-five  years  one  of  the  most 
active  managers  of  the  New  York  Insti 
tution  for  the  Blind,  one  of  the  founders 
and  subsequently  president  of  the  Society 
for  the  Relief  of  the  Widows  and  Orphans 
of  Physicians,  and  a  founder  and  twice 
president  of  the  New  York  academy  of 
Medicine.  He  died  March  25,  1868,  in 
Norwalk,  Conn. 

WOOD,  JAMES,  soldier,  governor,  was 
born  in  1750  in  Virginia.  He  was  a  col 
onel  of  the  Virginia  militia  in  1776.  He 
was  lieutenant-governor  and  a  member  of 
the  executive  council,  and  was  governor 
of  the  state  from  1796  to  1799.  A  county 
in  Virginia  was  named  for  him,  to  com 
memorate  his  patriotic  services.  He  died 
July  16,  1813,  in  Olney,  Va. 

WOOD,  JAMES,  clergyman,  educator, 
author,  was  born  July  12,  1799,  in  Green 
field,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergy 
man  and  educator  in  Indiana,  and  the 
author  of  Old  and  New  Theology;  Trea 
tise  on  Baptism;  Call  to  the  Sacred  Office; 
The  Best  Lesson  and  the  Best  Time;  The 
Gospel  Fountain;  and  Grace  and  Glory. 
He  died  April  7,  1867,  in  Hightstown,  N.  J. 

WOOD,  JAMES  RIISHMORE,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  14,  1816, 
in  Mamaroneck,  N.  Y.  In  1847  he  began 
to  collect  material  with  the  intention  of 
founding  a  museum.  This  collection  now 
constitutes  the  Woods  museum  of  New 
York  city,  the  grandest  monument  ever 
erected  to  any  surgeon  in  America.  He 
died  May  4,  1882,  in  New  York  city. 

WOOD,  MRS.  JEAN  (MONCURE),  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1754  in  Virginia. 
She  was  the  wife  of  James  Wood,  who 
was  governor  of  Virginia  in  1796-99.  She 
was  the  author  of  Flowers  and  Weeds  of 
the  Old  Dominion,  a  book  of  verse.  She 
died  in  1823. 

WOOD,  JOHN,  author,  was  born  in  1775 
in  Scotland.  He  was  a  Scottish  writer 
who  came  to  America  in  1800  and  settled 
in  Richmond,  Va.  Among  his  writings 
are  General  View  of  the  History  of  Switz 
erland;  and  History  of  the  Administra 
tion  of  John  Adams.  He  died  in  May, 
1822,  in  Richmond,  Va. 

WOOD,  JOHN,  soldier,  state  senator, 
governor,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1798,  in  Mo 
ravia,  N.  Y.  In  1819  he  moved  to  Illi 
nois,  and  in  1822  built  the  first  cabin  on 
the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Quiney.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  during 
1850-54;  was  lieutenant-governor  in  1856, 
and  became  governor  in  1859.  He  served 
with  distinction  through  the  civil  war. 
He  died  June  4,  1880.  in  Quiney,  111. 

WOOD,  JOHN,  manufacturer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1816  in  Philadelphia, 


Pa.    He  was  a  representative  to  the  thir 
ty-sixth   congress  from  Pennsylvania. 

WOOD,  JOHN  J.,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  New 
York  from  1827  to  1829. 

WOOD.  JOHN  J.,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.. 
13,  1859,  in  Neshkoro,  Wis.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Wisconsin  at 

Berlin;  has  been  city 

attorney  supervisor 
and  school  commis 
sioner,  and  served 
with  distinction  as 
mayor  of  his  city.  In 
1896  he  was  a  dele 
gate  from  the  sixth 
congressional  d  i  s  - 
trict  of  Wisconsin  to 
the  democratic  na 
tional  convention  at 
Chicago.  He  takes 
an  active  part  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state, 
and  is  a  member  of  several  fraternal  or 
ders. 

WOOD,  JOHN  M.,  railroad  constructor, 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
18,  1813,  in  Minisink,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Maine,  and 
was  for  years  occupied  as  a  constructor 
of  railroads  and  other  public  works.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Maine  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 
He  died  Dec.  24,  1864,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WOOD,  JOHN  ROBERTSON,  banker, 
was  born  June  4,  1845,  in  Canada.  He 
received  a  thorough  education,  and  has 
attained  success  in  business  affairs  at  Ap- 
pleton,  Wis.  Since  its  organization  in 
1887  he  has  been  president  of  the  First 
National  bank  of  Iron  Mountain,  Mich. 

WOOD,  JOHN  SEYMOUR,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  author,  was  born  in  1853  in  New 
York.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York 
city,  editor  of  The  Bachelor  of  Arts,  and 
the  author  of  Gramercy  Park,  a  story  ot 
New  York;  College  Days,  or  Harry's  Ca 
reer  at  Yale;  Yale  Yarns;  A  Coign  of 
Vantage;  An  Old  Beau,  and  Other  Sto 
ries;  and  A  Daughter  of  Venice. 

WOOD,  JOSEPH,  soldier,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  Pa.  He  en 
tered  the  revolutionary  army  as  major  of 
second  Pennsylvania  regiment,  and  rose 
to  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  Georgia  to  the  continental  con 
gress  from  1777  to  1779.  He  died  in  March, 
1789,  in  Sunbury,  Ga. 

WOOD,  MRS.  JULIA  ANNA  A.,  journal 
ist,  author,  poet,  was  born  April  13,  1825, 
in  New  London,  N.  H.  She  received  her 
education  at  the  Col 
by  academy  of  her 
native  city,  and  at 
the  Charleston  Lad 
ies'  seminary,  Massa 
chusetts.  In  1849 
she  married  William 
Wood,  a  lawyer  and 
journalist.  Two  years 
later  she  moved  to 
Sauk  Rapids,  Minn., 
where  Mr.  Wood 
was  appointed  Unit 
ed  States  receiver  of 
public  moneys.  Her  husband  also  here 
established  the  Sauk  Rapids  New  Era,  the 
literary  department  of  which  was  edited 
by  Mrs.  Wood.  She  has  been  a  widow  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century,  and  now 
publishes  the  Sauk  Rapids  Free  Press  in 
conjunction  with  her  son.  She  is  the  au- 
ilmr  of  The  Heart  of  Myrrha  Lake;  The 
Brown  House  of  Duffield;  Hubert's  Wife; 
Strayed  from  the  Fold;  From  Error  to 
Truth;  and  other  works. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1031 


WOOD,  LEONARD,  soldier,  physician. 
In  1898  he  was  appointed  General  Cham 
bers  McKibbin's  successor  as  military 
governor  of  Santiago. 

WOOD,  REUBEN,  soldier,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
in  1792  in  Rutland  county,  Vt.  He  served 
as  captain  of  the  Vermont  volunteers  in 
the  war  of  1812.  After  the  war  he  moved 
to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  from  1825  to  1828.  He 
was  made  president  judge  of  the  third 
district  of  the  state  in  1830,  serving  until 
1833,  when  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Ohio.  He  continued 
to  hold  that  office  until  1845.  and  was 
chosen  governor  of  Ohio  for  the  term  be 
ginning  in  1850  and  ending  in  1853.  He 
was  appointed  United  States  consul  to 
Valparaiso  in  1853.  He  died  Oct.  2,  1864, 
in  Rockport,  Ohio. 

WOOD,  MRS.  SARAH  SAYWARD 
(BARREL!,)  (KEATING),  author,  was 
born  in  1759  in  Massachusetts.  She  was 
a  novelist  whose  sentimental  fictions  in 
clude,  Duval;  Ferdinand  and  Almlra; 
Amelia,  or  the  Influence  of  Virtue;  Tales 
of  the  Night;  and  The  Illuminated  Baron. 
She  died  in  1855. 

WOOD,  SILAS,  congressman,  author, 
was  born  in  1769  in  Suffolk  county,  N.  Y. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  History  of  Long 
Island.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1819  to  1829. 
He  died  March  2,  1847,  in  Huntington, 
L.  I. 

WOOD,  THOMAS  J.,  lawyer,  state  sen 
ator,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  30, 
1844,  in  Athens  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
elected  prosecuting  attorney  for  a  term  of 
two  years,  in  Crown  Point,  Ind.;  and  was 
re-elected.  He  was  a  state  senator  for 
four  years,  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Indiana  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

WOOD,  THOMAS  JOHN,  soldier,  was 
born  Sept.  25,  1823,  in  Munfordville,  Ky. 
In  1845  he  graduated  from  the  United 
States  Military  acad 
emy;  was  assigned 
to  the  topographical 
engineers;  was 

transferred  to  the 
second  dragoons,  be 
coming  a  second 
lieutenant  in  1846. 
He  took  part  in  the 
war  with  Mexico; 
served  in  Kansas 
during  the  border 
troubles,  and  in  1861 
became  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers.  He  was  present  at 
the  battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Mission 
ary  Ridge,  and  in  1864  was  severely 
wounded.  In  1865  he  was  promoted  ma 
jor-general  of  volunteers.  He  received  the 
brevet  of  first  lieutenant,  United  States 
army,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con 
duct  in  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista;  that  of 
brigadier-general  for  Chickamauga,  and 
major-general  for  Nashville. 

WOOD,  THOMAS  WATERMAN,  artist, 
was  born  Nov.  12,  1823,  in  Montpelier, 
Vt.  During  1878-87  he  was  president  of 
the  American  Water-Color  society;  in 
1879-91  was  vice-president  of  the  Na 
tional  Academy  of  Design,  and  president 
of  that  institution  since  1891. 

WOOD,  WALTER  ABBOTT,  manufac 
turer,  congressman,  was  horn  Oct.  23, 
1815,  in  Mason,  N.  H.  He  removed  to 
New  York  and  engaged  largely  in  manu 
facturing;  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  forty-sixth 
and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  republi 
can.  He  died  Jan.  15,  1892,  in  Hoosick 
Falls.  N.  Y. 

WOOD,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  was  born 
Oct.  14,  1863,  in  England.  He  is  a  grad 


uate  of  the  Maine  Wesleyan  seminary, 
and  the  Boston  university.  He  has  at 
tained  success  as  a  clergyman  of  the  meth- 
odist  episcopal  church,  and  now  fills  a 
pastorate  in  Booth  Bay  Harbor,  Maine. 

WOOD,  WILLIAM  DIXON,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1858, 
in  Marin  county,  Cal.  In  1885-86  he  was 
probate  judge  of  King  county,  Wash.;  in 
1889  became  state  senator;  in  1893-95  was 
regent  of  the  university  of  Washington; 
and  in  1896-97  was  mayor  of  Seattle. 

WOOD,  WILLIAM  HENRY  SIGEL,  ed 
ucator,  lawyer,  orator,  public  official,  was 
born  Oct.  10,  1858,  in  Goodrich,  Mich. 
For  ten  years  he  was  engaged  in  educa 
tional  work;  was  in  the  railway  mail  ser 
vice  in  1885,  a  civil  service  clerk  in  the 
postorfice  department  of  Washington  dur 
ing  1885-90.  In  1891  he  was  clerk  of  the 
Michigan  state  board  of  auditors;  in  1892 
superintendent  of  the  Michigan  State  Re 
form  school;  in  1893  superintendent 
Michigan  State  Industrial  School  for 
Boys;  and  in  1897  was  elected  circuit  court 
commissioner  of  Livingston  county,  Mich. 
WOOD,  WILLIAM  MAXWELL,  naval 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  May  27,  1809, 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  United  States 
naval  surgeon,  and  the  author  of  Wan 
dering  Sketches;  A  Shoulder  to  the  Wheel 
of  Progress;  Hints  to  the  People  on  the 
Profession  of  Medicine;  and  Fankwei,  or 
the  San  Jacinto  in  the  Seas  of  India, 
China  and  Japan.  He  died  March  1, 
1880,  in  Baltimore  county,  Md. 

WOOD,  WILLIAM  MAXWELL,  naval 
officer,  inventor,  author,  was  born  March 
9,  1850,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  has  pat 
ented  a  boat-detaching  apparatus,  which 
has  been  adopted  in  the  United  States 
navy  and  merchant  service.  He  is  the 
author  of  an  article  on  Life-Boats  and 
Boat-Detaching  Apparatus. 

WOODBERRY,  GEORGE  EDWARD, 
educator,  author,  was  born  May  12,  1855, 
in  Beverly,  Mass.  He  is  a  prominent  lit 
erary  critic  of  New  York  city,  professor 
of  literature  in  Columbia  university,  and 
editor,  with  E.  C.  Stedman,  of  the  com 
plete  works  of  Poe.  He  has  also  edited 
a  complete  edition  of  Shelley,  with  Me 
moir  and  Notes.  He  is  the  author  of  A 
History  of  Wood  Engraving;  The  North 
Shore  Watch,  and  Other  Poems;  Life  of 
Edgar  Allan  Poe;  Life  of  James  Russell 
Lowell;  and  Studies  in  Letters  and  Life. 
WOODBRIDGE,  FREDERICK  ENOCH, 
lawyer,  state  legislature,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  29,  1819,  in  Vergennes,  Vt. 
He  served  three  years  in  the  Vermont 
state  legislature;  two  years  in  the  state 
senate  and  three  years  as  state  auditor. 
In  1863  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Vermont  to  the  thirty-eighth  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty- 
ninth  and  fortieth  congresses  as  a  repub 
lican.  He  died  April  26,  1888,  in  Ver 
gennes,  Vt. 

WOODBRIDGE,  LUTHER  DANA,  edu 
cator,  physician,  lecturer,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  27,  1850,  in  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J. 
He  received  his  ed 
ucation  in  the  Pin- 
gry  school  of  Eliza 
beth,  N.  J. ;  gradu 
ated  in  1872  from  the 
Williams  college  of 
Williamstown.  Mass.. 
from  the  college  of 
Physicians  and  Sur 
geons  of  New  York 
city  in  1877,  and  sub 
sequently  from  the 
medical  department 
of  the  Vienna  uni 
versity.  In  1872-73  he  was  a  tutor  in  the 
Robert  college  of  Constantinople;  and  in 
1877-79  was  house  physician  in  the  Roose 


velt  hospital  of  New  York  city.  In  1880 
he  was  in  the  Interne  London  hospital, 
England,  and  in  1882-83  was  assistant  sur 
geon  in  the  Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  hos 
pital.  Since  1884  he  has  been  professor 
of  anatomy  and  physiology  in  the  Will 
iams  college  of  Williamstown,  Mass.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  Berkshire  Dis 
trict  Medical  society,  president  of  the 
Berkshire  Congregational  club,  and  since 
1894  has  been  lecturer  on  the  nervous 
system  in  the  college  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Syllabus  of  Lectures  on  Ana 
tomy  and  Physiology;  a  pamphlet  on 
the  Abortive  Treatment  of  Typhoid  Fever, 
and  other  works. 

WOODBRIDGE,  SAMUEL  MERRILL, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1819  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  Dutch  reformed 
clergyman,  professor  at  Rutgers  Theologi 
cal  seminary  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
from  1857,  and  the  author  of  Analysis  of 
Theology;  and  Faith:  Its  True  Position  in 
the  Life  of  Man. 

WOODBRIDGE,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  senator,  congressman,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  20, 
1780,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  In  1807  he  was 
elected  to  the  assembly  of  Ohio,  and  in 
1808  was  prosecuting  attorney  for  his 
county,  which  office  he  held  until  1814. 
During  the  same  period  he  was  also  a 
member  of  the  state  senate.  In  1814  he 
received  the  appointment  of  secretary  of 
the  territory  of  Michigan,  and  removed  to 
Detroit.  In  1819  he  was  elected  the  first 
delegate  from  Michigan  to  congress,  and 
in  1828  was  appointed  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Michigan  territory  and 
held  the  office  four  years.  In  1837  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  of  Michigan. 
In  1839  he  was  chosen  governor  of  the 
state,  and  was  a  senator  in  congress  from 
1841  to  1847.  He  died  Oct.  20,  1861,  in 
Detroit,  Mich. 

WOODBRIDGE,  WILLIAM  CHAN- 
NING,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  18, 
1794,  in  Medford,  Mass.  He  was  an  ed 
ucator  of  Hartford,  and  the  author  of 
Universal  Geography;  Modern  Scho61 
Geography;  and  Letters  from  Hofwyl.  He 
died  Nov.  9,  1845,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WOODBURN,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
clergyman,  was  born  March  23,  1832,  in 
Crescent  Township,  Pa.  Since  the  open 
ing  of  the  Allegheny  General  hospital  in' 
1884  he  has  been  its  president. 

WOODBURN,  WILLIAM,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1838  in  Ireland. 
He  was  district-attorney  of  Storey  county 
in  1871  and  1872.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  from  Nevada  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress  for  the  state  at  large, 
and  in  1884  was  elected  to  the  forty-ninth 
congress;  and  also  to  the  fiftieth  congress 
as  a  republican. 

WOODBURY,  AUGUSTUS,  clergyman, 
author,  journalist,  legislator,  was  born 
Dec.  4,  1825,  in  Beverly,  Mass.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Unitarian  church  from  1849 
until  1892,  when  he  retired.  He  was  chap 
lain  during  the  civil  war;  has  served  as 
a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  legislature, 
and  for  many-  years  was  engaged  in  jour 
nalism.  He  is  the  author  of  Plain  Words 
to  Young  Men;  The  Second  Rhode  Island 
Regiment;  and  Historical  Sketch  of 
Rhode  Island  Prisons  and  Jails,  his  prin 
cipal  works. 

WOODBURY,  CHARLES  LEVI,  lawyer, 
jurist,  author,  was  born  May  22,  1820,  In 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  was  United  States 
district  attorney  for  Massachusetts  from 
1858  until  1861.  He  edited  with  George 
Minot  Reports  of  Cases  Argued  and  De 
termined  in  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  Unit 
ed  States  for  the  First  Circuit,  containing 
the  decisions  of  Judge  Levi  Woodbury,  in 
three  volumes. 


In;;:' 


HKRRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WOODBURY,  DANIEL  PHINEAS,  sol 
dier,  author,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1812,  in 
New  London,  N.  H.  He  was  a  general  in 
the  federal  army  during  the  civil  war,  and 
the  author  of  Sustaining  Walls;  and  The 
ory  of  the  Arch.  He  died  Aug.  15,  1864, 
in  Key  West,  Fla. 

WOODBUKY,  ISAAC  BAKER,  journal 
ist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1819,  in 
Beverly,  Mass.  In  1845  he  removed  to 
New  York,  where  he  edited  the  Musical 
Review  and  the  Musical  Pioneer.  He 
compiled  several  collections  of  church  mu 
sic  and  glee-books,  among  which  were 
the  Anthem  Dulcimer;  Liber  Musicus 
(1851);  Million's  Glee-Book;  Cultivation 
of  the  Voice  Without  a  Master;  Self-In- 
.structor  in  Musical  Composition  and 
Thorough  Bass;  Singing-School  and  Mu 
sic-Teacher's  Companion;  and  the  Melo- 
<leon  and  Seraphine  Instruction-Book.  He 
died  Oct.  26,  1858,  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

WOODBURY,  LEVI,  lawyer,  jurist,  con 
gressman,  governor.  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1789,  in  Frances- 
town.  N.  H.  In  1816 
he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  superi 
or  court  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  in 
1819  settled  in  Ports 
mouth.  In  1823  he 
was  elected  governor 
of  New  Hampshire. 
He  was  speaker  of 
the  state  house  of 
representatives  i  n 
1825,  and  was  a  sen- 
a  t  o  r  in  congress 
from  1823  to  1831.  He  was  appointed  sec 
retary  of  the  navy  in  1831,  and  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  treasury  department  as  sec 
retary,  in  1834,  by  President  Van  Buren, 
and  served  until  1841.  He  was  again  a 
senator  in  congress  from  1841  to  1845, 
when  he  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
died  Sept.  7,  1851,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

WOODCOCK,  DAVID,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Berkshire  coun 
ty,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly  from  Seneca  county  in 
1814  and  1815,  and  from  Tompkins  coun 
ty  in  1826.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1821  to 
1823,  and  again  from  1827  to  1829. 

WOODFORD,  M.  DE  WITT,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1838,  at  Fre- 
donia,  N.  Y.  Since  1893  he  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  Cleveland,  Lorain  and  Wheel 
ing  railroad,  and  also  of  numerous  other 
corporations  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

WOOD  FORD.  STEWART  LYNDON, 
soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  3,  1835,  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
appointed  assistant  attorney  for  the  Unit 
ed  States  at  New  York  in  1861.  He  en 
listed  in  the  one  hundred  and  twenty-sev 
enth  regiment  New  York  volunteers  in 
1862;  was  promoted  to  the  lieutenant-col 
onelcy  of  that  regiment,  and  subsequently 
colonel  and  brigadier-general.  He  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state 
of  New  York  in  1866;  and  was  elected 
presidential  elector  at  large,  and  was'pres- 
ident  of  the  electoral  college  in  1872.  He 
was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress 
as  a  republican. 

WOODFORD,  WILLIAM,  soldier,  was 
linrn  in  1735  in  Caroline  county,  Va.  He 
was  appointed  brigadier-general  in  1777, 
and  given  command  of  the  first  Virginia 
brigade.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1780,  in  New 
York  city. 

\VOODHOUSE,  JAMES,  surgeon,  chem 
ist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1770,  in 


Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1791  he  served  as 
a  surgeon  in  St.  Clair's  army.  From  1795 
until  his  death  he  filled  the  chair  of  chem 
istry  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Young  Chem 
ist's  Pocket  Companion;  Experiments  a'nd 
Observations  on  the  Vegetation  of  Plants; 
and  other  works.  He  died  June  4,  1809,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WOODHOUSE,  LORENZO  GUERNSEY, 
merchant,    was    born    July    16,    1839.    in 
Westmoreland,  N.  H.    In  1861  he  enlisted 
in  the  seventh  regi 
ment.       New       York 
national    guard,    and 
followed      the      for 
tunes    of    this    regi 
ment     in     its     cam- 
-  paigns    of    1861    and 

1862,  and  saw  subse 
quent  service  in  riot 
duty.  In  1863  he  as 
sociated  himself  with 
the  dry  goods  firm  of 
Cooley.  Farwell  and 
Company  of  Chicago, 
as  their  New  York  representative.  He 
continued  with  their  successors,  Farwell. 
Field  and  Company,  Field,  Palmer  fend 
Leiter,  Field,  Leiter  and  Company, 
and  Marshall  Field  and  Company,  cov 
ering  a  period  of  twenty-seven  years, 
retiring  from  the  latter  firm  in  1890. 
During  all  this  time,  he  was  their  rep 
resentative  and  for  many  years  the  man 
ager  and  resident  New  York  partner. 

WOODHULL,  ALFRED  ALEXANDER, 
physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  in 
1837  in  New  Jersey.  He  is  a  United 
States  army  surgeon,  and  the  author  of 
Notes  on  Military  Hygiene;  and  Studies 
in  the  Non-Emetic  Use  of  Ipecacuanha. 

WOODHULL,  WILLIAM,  clergyman, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1741,  in  Miller's  Place, 
L.  I.,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
provincial  congress  of  New  Jersey  which 
met  at  Burlington  in  1776;  deposed  Gov. 
William  Franklin,  the  last  royal  governor, 
and  framed  the  first  constitution  of  New 
Jersey,  and  of  the  convention  that  met  at 
Trenton  in  1787,  and  adopted  the  United 
States  constitution.  He  died  Oct  '') 
1824,  in  Chester,  N.  J. 

\VOOD.M.\.\.  CHARLES  W.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
March  II.  1SII.  in  Denmark.  He  was 
appointed  prosecuting  attorney  of  the 
lower  courts  in  Chicago,  III.,  in  1877,  and 
in  KSS1  was  appointed  justice  of  the  peace 
by  the  judges  of  Cook  county.  He  was 
ejected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

WOODMAN,  J.  F..  railroad  president, 
was  born  in  England.  Since  1893  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  and 
Hot  Springs  railway  at  Salt  Lake  City 
Utah. 

WOODMANSEE,  EMILY  HILL,  poet, 
was  born  in  England.  In  1856  she  emi 
grated  to  America  and  has  since  resided 
in  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah.  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  number  of 
meritorious  poems 
and  contributes  ex 
tensively  to  the  peri 
odical  press.  Mrs 
Woodmansee  i  s  a 
woman  possessed  of 
business  ability,  and 
deals  extensively  in 
real  estate.  Her 
poems  have  been  in 
corporated  in  Poets 
of  America,  and  several  other  standard 
collections. 


WOODRUFF,  CLINTON  ROGERS,  law 
yer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1868, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1897  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state 
legislature.  He  has  been  prominent  in 
educational  and  reform  work,  and  in  1894 
was  secretary  of  the  Philadelphia  con 
ference  for  good  city  government. 

WOODRUFF.  GEORGE,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  July  4,  1807,  in  Binghamton, 
N.  Y.  He  became  county  judge  in  1846, 
and  served  two  terms  in  Marshall,  Mich. 
He  was  circuit  commissioner  three  terms; 
and  a  judge  of  the  circuit  court  in  1866-75. 
He  died  May  13,  1887,  in  Marshall,  Mich. 

WOODRUFF,  GEORGE  C.,  lawyer,  jur 
ist,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  1,  1805,  in  Litchfield,  Conn.  He 
was  a  judge  of  probate  in  Connecticut  for 
several  years.  In  1861  he  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Connecticut  to  the 
thirty-seventh  congress. 

WOODRUFF,  HIRAM,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  22,  1817,  in  Flemington,  N.  -J.  He 
was  a  noted  horse-trainer  who  wrote  The 
Trotting  Horse  of  America.  He  died 
March  13,  1867,  in  New  York. 

WOODRUFF,  JOHN,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1826,  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Connecticut  legislature  in  1854.  In  1855 
he  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Connecticut  to  the  thirty-fourth  congress, 
and  was  also  elected  to  the  thirty-sixth 
congress.  He  subsequently  held  the  po 
sition  of  collector  of  internal  revenue  for 
the  district  of  New  Haven.  He  died  May 
20,  1868,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

WOODRUFF,  MRS.  JULIA  LOUISA 
MATILDA  (CURTISS),  author,  was  born 
in  1832  in  Connecticut.  She  is  an  author 
and  compiler  of  New  York  city,  and  the 
author  of  My  Winter  in  Cuba;  Shiloh; 
Holden  with  the  Cords;  Bellevue;  and 
Daisy  Seekers. 

WOODRUFF,  LEWIS  E.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  June  19,  1809,  in  Litchfield. 
Conn.  In  1849  he  was  elected  to  the 
bench  of  common  pleas,  and  in  1855  was 
transferred  to  that  of  the  superior  court. 
In  1868  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
court  of  appeals,  and  in  1869  was  ap 
pointed  circuit  judge  of  the  United  States 
for  the  second  circuit.  He  died  Sept.  10, 
1875,  in  Litchfield,  Conn. 

WOODRUFF.  THOMAS  M..  merchant, 
congressman.  He  was  a  resident  of  New 
York  city,  and  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  1845  to  1847.  He  died  about  1870. 

WOODRUFF,  WILFORD,  apostle  presi 
dent  of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of 
Latter-Day  Saints,  was  born  March  1, 
1807,  in  Avon,  Conn.  For  many  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
Utah;  president  of  the  Deseret  Agricul 
tural  and  Manufacturing  association,  and 
president  of  several  mercantile  institu 
tions.  He  has  been  priest  and  elder  in 
his  church,  and  is  still'  its  active  presi 
dent;  vigorous  at  the  age  of  ninety  years, 
attending  daily  to  official  duties,  preaches 
frequently,  and  presides  over  church  af 
fairs  in  all  the  world. 

WOODS.  ALMOND  LE  ROY,  educator, 
journalist,  was  born  June  21,  1856,  in 
Troy,  Maine.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Maine  Central  institute  and  at 
Bates  college,  and  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M.  He  is  a  success 
ful  educator;  was  president  of  the  North 
Dakota  State  Educational  association  in 
1890.  and  is  now  superintendent  (if  coun 
ty  schools  of  Walsh  county,  *N.  D.  In 
1889  he  established  Common  School,  a 
state  educational  journal,  of  which  he  is 
still  the  editor-in-chief. 


HERR1NGSHAWS     •SNCYCLOPKDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGHAIM  [  Y. 


1033 


WOODS,  CHARLES  COKE,  clergyman, 
was  born  Oct.  8.  1860,  near  Springfield, 
111.  In  1879  he  was  licensed  to  preach  at 
Helton,  Mo.;  is  a  graduate  of  the  Garrett 
Biblical  institute  of  Evanston,  111.,  and 
the  McKendree  college  of  Lebanon,  111. 
He  has  attained  success  as  an  eminent 
clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church;  is  a  popular  lecturer,  and  fills  the 
chair  of  theological  science  in  the  Itin 
erant's  Theological  institute  of  south 
western  Kansas,  Eldorado,  Kan.,  where 
he  also  fills  the  pastorate  in  his  church. 
He  is  an  able,  zealous  and  uncompromis 
ing  advocate  of  the  prohibition  cause, 
and  was  elected  as  a  delegate  to  the 
world's  temperance  congress  in  1893. 

WOODS,  GEORGE  L.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
governor,  was  born  July  30,  1832,  in  Boone 
county,  Mo.  In  1847  he  moved  to  Oregon 
with  his  father;  in  1863  he  was  appointed 
county  judge  of  Wasco  county,  and  in 
1864'  was  elected  presidential  elector.  In 
1866  he  was  elected  governor  of  Oregon 
for  four  years,  and  from  1871  served  four 
years  as  governor  of  Utah  territory.  He 
•died  Jan.  14,  1890,  in  Portland,  Ore. 

WOODS,  HENRY,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1790  to  1803. 

WOODS.  JOHN,  governor.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Illinois  for  a  part  of  the  years 
1860  and  1861. 

WOODS,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1815  to  1817. 

WOODS.  JOHN,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1794  in  Dauphin  county,  Pa. 
In  1824  he  was  elected  from  Ohio  to  con 
gress  and  served  two  terms.  In  1829  he 
became  the  editor  and  publisher  of  the 
Hamilton  Intelligencer.  In  1845  he  was 
elected  auditor  of  the  state,  which  office 
he  held  for  two  terms.  He  died  July  30, 
1855,  in  Hamilton,  Ohio. 

WOODS,  JOHN  LAMB,  lumberman, 
financier,  philanthropist,  was  born  Feb. 
11,  1821,  in  Corinth,  Vt.  He  erected  en 
tirely  at  his  own  ex 
pense  a  new  college 
building  for  the 
medical  department 
of  the  Western  Re 
serve  university  of 
Cleveland,  and  the 
building  ranks 
among  the  finest  in 
the  United  States. 
The  Woman's  col- 
ge  of  the  same  uni 
versity  also  received 
from  him  a  large  en 
dowment  in  memory  of  his  wife,  as  did 
also  the  Lakeside  hospital  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  Among  his  other  gifts  to  the  cause 
of  education  and  science,  he  built  for 
the  Bradford  academy  of  Bradford,  Vt., 
a  commodious  school  building,  and  also 
erected  and  liberally  endowed  a  public  li 
brary  there.  He  died  March  27,  1892.  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WOODS.   MRS.    KATE   TANNATT,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1838  in  Peekskill. 
N.    Y.      She   is  a  writer  of  Salem,   Mass.. 
and    the    author    of 
Six     Little     Rebels; 
Dr.    Dick;     Out    and 
About;    The  Wooing 
o  f  Grandmother 

Grey;       Grandfather 
Grey:       Children's 
Stories;      Toots    and 
His     Friends;     and 
^^^^^^    T  h  e     Duncans     o  n 
I    Land  and   Sea.     Her 
>    poems  were  given  a 
I    place     in     Poets     of 
America    and     other 
standard  collections. 


WOODS,  KATHERINE  PEARSON,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1853  in  West  Virginia. 
She  is  the  author  of  The  Crowning  of  Can- 
dace;  John,  a  Tale  of  King  Messiah;  From 
Dusk  to  Dawn;  A  Web  of  Gold;  Metze- 
rott,  Shoemaker,  a  protest  against  social 
injustice;  and  Mine  and  Thine. 

WOODS,  LEONARD,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  June  19,  1774,  in 
Princeton,  Mass.  He  was  a  congregation 
al  clergyman  of  Massachusetts,  professor 
at  Andover  seminary  in  1808-54,  and  the 
author  of  Letters  to  Unitarians;  Inspira 
tion  of  the  Scriptures;  Memoirs  of  Ameri 
can  Missionaries;  Church  Government; 
Lectures  on  Swedenborgianism;  and  Ex 
amination  of  the  Doctrine  of  Perfection. 
He  died  Aug.  24,  1854,  in  Andover,  Mass. 

WOODS,  LEONARD,  clergyman,  educa 
tor,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  24,  1807.  in  West  Newbury,  Mass. 
In  1831  he  was  an  instructor  in  the  The 
ological  institution,  ann  the  same  year 
translated  and  published  an  edition  of 
Knapp's  Theology.  He  was  editor  of  the 
Literary  and  Theological  Review  during 
1834-37;  became  professor  of  biblical  lit 
erature  in  tne  Theological  seminary  of 
Bangor  in  1836.  and  in  1839  became  presi 
dent  of  Bowdoin  college.  In  1866  he  re 
signed  the  presidency  of  that  institu 
tion,  and  the  following  year  received  a 
commission  from  the  governor  of  Maine 
to  collect  material  in  Europe  for  the  early 
history  of  the  state  for  the  Maine  Histori 
cal  society.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1878. 

WOODS,  M1CAJAH,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1776  in  Albemarle  county,  Va.  He 
was  for  twenty  years  a  member  of  the 
justice's  court  for  Albemarle  county,  and 
for  many  years  the  presiding  justice  of 
that  county.  He  died  in  1837  in  Albe 
marle  county,  Va. 

WOODS,  VIRNA,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1864  in  Ohio.  He  is  an  educator 
of  Sacramento,  Cal.,  and  the  author  of  A 
Modern  Magdalene,  a  novel;  and  The 
Amazons,  a  lyrical  drama. 

WOODS.  W.  B.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  legislator,  was  born  in  Newark, 
Ohio.  In  1857  he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio 
legislature  and  made  speaker,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  same  body  in  1859.  In 
1861  he  went  into  the  military  service  as 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  seventy-sixth 
Ohio  infantry;  served  until  the  close  of 
tne  war,  and  was  mustered  out  with  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general  and  brevet  ma 
jor-general.  He  was  mustered  out  of 
service  in  Alabama,  where  he  remained. 
In  1868  he  was  chosen  a  state  chancellor 
for  six  years:  and  after  serving  as  such 
two  years,  was  appointed  circuit  judge  of 
the  United  States  for  the  fifth  circuit,  re 
siding  in  Mobile.  In  1881  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States. 

WOODS,  WILLIAM,  clergyman,  legis 
lator,  was  born  in  1738  in  Albemarle 
county,  Va.  In  1780  he  founded  the  old 
Albemarle  Baptist  church,  near  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia.  At  the  request  of 
Jefferson  lie  resigned  his  charge  in  1799 
that  he  might  be  elected  to  the  legisla 
ture.  He  died  in  1819  in  Albemarle  coun 
ty,  Va. 

WOODS,  WILLIAM,  state  legislator, 
congressman.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  New  York  from  1823  to 
1825,  and  a  member  of  the  state  assem 
bly  from  Steuben  county  in  1828. 

WOODS.  WILLIAM  ALLAN,  educator, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
May  16,  1837,  near  Farmington,  Tenn. 
In  1862  he  moved  to  Goshen,  Ind.,  where 
he  practiced  his  profession  successfully, 
and  in  1867  was  elected  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature.  In  1873  he  was 


elected  judge  of  the  thirty-fourth  judi 
cial  circuit,  and  served  by  re-election  un 
til  1881,  when  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
state  supreme  court.  He  was  soon  after 
made  chief  justice  of  that  court,  and  In 
1883  was  appointed  United  States  district 
judge  for  the-  district  of  Indiana,  and 
moved  to  Indianapolis.  He  is  now  United 
States  circuit  judge  for  the  seventh  cir 
cuit. 

WOODS,  WILLIAM  STONE,  financier, 
philanthropist,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1840,  in 
Columbia,  Mo.  He  invested  largely  in 
real  estate,  being  to-day  the  owner  of 
much  valuable  business  property,  which 
is  covered  with  buildings  and  rented  to 
good  advantage.  In  1890  he  gave  fifty 
thousand  dollars  to  the  Orphans'  school 
of  Fulton,  Mo. 

WOODSON,  SAMUEL  H.,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1821  to  1825. 

WOODSON,  SAMUEL  H.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Oct. 
24,  1815,  in  Jessamine  county,  Ky.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Missouri  general  as 
sembly  in  1853  and  1854,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
Missouri  in  1855.  He  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  to  the  thirty-fifth  congress 
from  that  state,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
thirty-sixth  congress. 

WOODSON,  SILAS,  lawyer,  jurist,  gov 
ernor.  He  was  governor  of  Missouri  from 
1873  to  1875;  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
was  judge  of  the  criminal  court  of  Bu 
chanan  county.  He  died  Nov.  9,  1896,  in 
St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

WOODV1LLE,  RICHARD  CATON,  art 
ist,  was  born  about  1825  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  Among  his  effective  and  well-fin 
ished  genre  pictures  were  Old  '76;  Youiig 
'48;  The  Politicians;  The  Game  of  Chess; 
Waiting  for  the  Stage;  and  The  Sailor  s 
Wedding.  He  died  Sept.  13,  1855,  in  Eng 
land. 

WOODWARD,  ASHBEL,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  26,  1804,  in  Welling 
ton,  Conn.  He  was  a  physician  of  Frank 
lin,  Conn.,  and  the  author  of  Vindication 
of  General  Israel  Putnam;  Vindication  of 
Army  Surgeons;  Life  of  General  Nathan 
iel  Lyon;  and  Medical  Ethics,  his  prin 
cipal  writings.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1885, 
in  Franklin,  Conn. 

WOODWARD,  AUGUSTUS  B.,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  about  1775  in  Virginia. 
He  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  terri 
tory  of  Michigan,  a  position  he  held 
during  1805-24.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
Code  of  Laws,  which  bears  his  name.  In 
1824  he  was  appointed  a  judge  for  the 
territory  of  Florida,  and  died  there  after 
a  service  of  three  years.  He  died  in  1827 
in  Florida. 

WOODWARD,  CALVIN  MILTON,  sol 
dier,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  25, 
1837,  in  Fitchburg,  Mass.  He  is  a  St. 
Louis  educator,  professor  in  Washington 
university  from  1868,  and  the  author  of 
History  of  the  St.  Louis  Bridge;  and  The 
Manual  Training  School:  Its  Aims,  Meth 
ods  and  Results. 

WOODWARD,  EDWARD  P.,  clergyman, 
poet,  was  born  June  8,  1840,  in  Warsaw, 
N.  Y.  Since  1881  he  has  been  pastor  of 
the  Second  Advent  church  of  Portland, 
Maine,  and  is  also  vice-president  of  the 
Maine  State  Advent  Christian  conference. 
His  poems  have  appeared  in  the  leading 
religious  and  secular  publications. 

WOODWARD,  FRANCIS  CHANNING. 
author,  was  born  in  1812  in  Connecticut. 
He  was  a  once  popular  writer  of  juvenile 
tales,  among  which  are,  Uncle  FranK's 
Home  Stories;  and  Stories  for  Little 
Folks.  He  died  in  1859. 


1034 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WOODWARD,  FRANK  R.,  manufactu 
rer,  inventor,  legislator,  was  born  Feb. 
9,  1845,  in  Salisbury,  N.  H.  He  received 
his  education  in  the 
district  schools  and 
at  the  Noyes  acade 
my,  'in  1868  he 
moved  to  Manches 
ter,  and  became  su- 
perintendent  of  the 
Forsaith  Latch  Nee 
dle  factory,  which 
business  he  p  u  r  - 
chased  in  1870,  and 
two  years  later 
moved  it  to  the  town 
of  Hill.  The  follow 
ing  year  he  sold  out  the  needle  business 
and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  glass 
cutters  and  other  light  hardware,  for 
which  a  world-wide  reputation  has  been 
established.  He  has  done  much  to  ad 
vance  the  prosperity  of  his  city;  gave 
them  Pleasant  Hill  cemetery,  and  built  a 
system  of  waterworks.  In  1884  he  was 
chosen  a  representative  in  the  New  Hamp 
shire  state  legislature,  which  he  resigned 
a  year  later  to  accept  the  position  of 
postmaster. 

WOODWARD,  FRED  A.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1854,  in  Wil 
son  county,  N.  C.  He  was  elected  from 
Wilson,  N.  C.,  to  the  fifty-third  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

WOODWARD,  GEORGE  WASHING 
TON,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was 
born  March  26,  1809,  in  Bethany,  Pa.  In 
1841  he  was  appoint 
ed  president  judge  of 
the  fourth  judicial 
district,  and  held  the 
office  ten  years.  In 
1852  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Pennsylvan 
ia,  and  held  the  po 
sition  for  nearly  six 
teen  years.  He  was 
elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  fortieth 

and  forty-first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 
He  died  May  10,  1875,  in  Rome,  Italy. 

WOODWARD,  GILBERT  M.,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1835, 
in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  received  a  com 
mon-school  education;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  since 
practiced.  He  served  in  the  union  army 
during  the  war  of  the  rebellion  a  little 
over  three  years,  and  in  that  time  was  pri 
vate,  first  sergeant,  second  lieutenant, 
first  lieutenant,  adjutant  of  the  second 
Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry;  and  served 
by  detail  as  acting  aide-de-camp  on  the 
staff  of  the  first  brigade,  first  division, 
first  army  corps,  and  in  the  same  capacity 
on  the  staff  of  the  first  division,  fifth  army 
corps.  He  was  district  attorney  of  La 
Crosse  county  from  1866  to  1873,  and  was 
mayor  of  the  city  of  La  Crosse,  1874,  1875. 
He  was  city  attorney  of  the  city  of  La 
Crosse,  1876-82,  and  was  elected  to  the 
forty-eighth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

WOODWARD,  JOSEPH  A.,  congress 
man,  was  bnrn  in  South  Carolina.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  South 
Carolina  from  1843  to  1847. 

WOODWARD,  JOSEPH  JANVIER,  sur 
geon,  author,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1833,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  United  States 
army  surgeon,  and  tho  author  of  Outlines 
of  the  Chief  Camp  Diseases  of  the  United 
States  Armies,  as  Observed  During  the 
Present  War  (1864);  and  Medical  and 
Surgical  History  of  the  Rebellion.  He 
died  Aug.  17,  1884,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


WOODWARD.  NATHAN  ARMSBY. 
lawyer,  legislator,  poet,  was  born  March 
9,  1818,  in  Fairfax,  Vt.  His  parents  moved 

to     Monroe     county, 

N.       Y.,       in       1834. 
He     entered     Union 
rollege      and      was 
<t«^A  graduated   therefrom 

^tP-  %,,  in   1845.     He   taught 

school  for  four  or 
five  years,  in  the 
meantime  reading 
law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in 
1848.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  society.  I  n 
1851  he  opened  an  office  in  Batavia,  N.  Y., 
to  begin  the  practice  of  law.  In  1862 
he  was  elected  county  treasurer  and 
held  that  office  two  terms  issuing 
over  half  a  million  dollars  of  county 
war  bonds,  most  of  which  were  paid 
while  he  held  the  office.  He  served 
as  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional 
convention  for  the  twenty-ninth  senato 
rial  district.  He  is  the  author  of  Pebbles 
and  Boulders,  a  volume  of  poems. 

WOODWARD.  ROBERT  SIMPSON, 
mathematician,  educator,  author,  was 
born  in  1849  in  Michigan.  He  is  a  math 
ematician,  professor  of  mechanics  at  Col 
umbia  university  from  1893  and  the  au 
thor  of  Latitudes  and  Longitudes  of  Cer 
tain  Points  in  Missouri,  Kansas  and  New 
Mexico,  and  many  scientific  papers  of 
value. 

WOODWARD,  SAMUEL  BAYARD,  phy 
sician,  philanthropist,  was  born  June  10, 
1787,  in  Torringford,  Conn.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Hartford  Retreat 
for  the  Insane,  and  assisted  to  establish 
other  philanthropic  institutions.  He  died 
Jan.  3,  1850,  in  Northampton,  Mass. 

WOODWARD,  WILLIAM,  congressman. 
He  was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  181o  to  1817. 

WOODWORTH,  CHAUNCEY  B.,  bank 
er,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1819,  in  Coventry, 
Conn.  In  1857  he  bought  the  perfumery 
factory  of  Campbell, 
Bunnell  and  Com 
pany,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  and  is  still 
its  proprietor,  the 
firm  name  being  C. 
B.  Woodworth  and 
Sons.  He  is  vice- 
president  of  the 
iour  City  National 
bank,  also  of  the 
Rochester  Trust  and 
Safe  Deposit  com 
pany,  trustee  of  the 
Mechanics'  Savings  bank  for  ten  years, 
and  a  trustee  of  the  Rochester  Theologi 
cal  seminary.  He  is  a  prominent  member 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Roches 
ter,  and  in  politics  a  republican. 

WOODWORTH,  FRANCIS  C.,  author, 
clergyman,  was  born  in  1812  in  Colchester, 
Conn.  His  numerous  publications  in 
clude,  Our  Own  Fields;  Youth's  Book  of 
Gems;  Uncle  Frank's  Home  Stories,  in 
six  volumes;  Uncle  Frank's  Picture  Gal 
lery;  Wonders  of  the  Insect  World;  The 
World  as  It  Is,  or  a  Miniature  Sketch  of 
the  ICaryi  and  Its  Inhabitants;  Theodore 
Tinker's  Stories  for  Little  Folks,  in  twelve 
volumes;  Young  American's  Life  of  Fre 
mont;  and  Uncle  Frank's  Pleasant  Pages 
for  the  Fireside.  He  also  edited  Wood- 
worth's  American  Miscellany;  and  Wood- 
worth's  Youth's  Cabinet.  He  died  June 
5,  1859,  at  sea. 

WOODWORTH,  JAMES  H.,  merchant, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 


Dec.  4,  1804,  in  Greenwich,  N.  Y.  He- 
moved  to  Chicago,  111.,  in  1833;  in  1839 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  and  in 
1842  was  a  member  of  the  lower  house. 
From  1845  to  1850  he  was  connected  with 
the  city  government  of  Chicago,  being 
two  years  mayor,  and  was  a  representa 
tive  from  Illinois  to  the  thirty-fourth  con 
gress. 

WOODWORTH,  JOHN,  lawyer,  jurist, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1768,  in  Scho- 
dack,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  assembly  in  1803,  and  of  the  state 
senate  in  1804-07;  attorney-general  of 
New  York  in  1804-08,  and  a  judge  of  the 
state  supreme  court  in  1819-28.  He  pub 
lished  Reminiscences  of  Troy  from  Its 
Settlement  in  1790  till  1807.  He  died  June 
1,  1858,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

WOODWORTH,  JOHN  MAYNARD, 
physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
15,  1837,  in  Big  Flats,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
surgeon  in  the  civil  war,  and  in  1865  re 
ceived  the  brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel  of 
volunteers.  In  1866  he  was  professor  of 
anatomy  in  the  Chicago  Medical  college; 
surgeon  of  the  Soldiers'  home;  and  san 
itary  inspector  of  the  city  board  of  health 
in  1868.  In  1871-79  he  was  supervising 
surgeon-general  of  the  Marine  hospital  of 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  the  author  of 
several  medical  works.  He  died  March  14, 
1879,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WOODWORTH,  LAUR1N  D.,  soldier, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  10,  1837,  in  Windham,  Ohio.  He 
was  educated  at  Hi 
ram  college;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1859,  and  practiced 
law  at  Ravenna, 
Ohio.  He  was  a  ma 
jor  in  the  army  in 
the  war  for  the 
union,  and  was  elect 
ed  to  the  senate  of 
Ohio  in  1867  and 
1869.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  forty-third 
congress,  serving  on 
the  committees  on  the  interior  department 
and  manufactures,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  forty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican. 

WOODWORTH,  SAMUEL,  journalist, 
poet,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1785,  in  Scituate, 
Mass.  He  was  a  journalist  and  poet  of 
New  York  city  who  wrote,  The  Cham 
pions  of  Freedom,  an  historical  romance; 
Melodies,  Duets,  Trios,  Songs,  and  Bal 
lads,  but  who  will  be  longest  remembered 
as  the  author  of  the  famous  lyric,  The 
Old  Oaken  Bucket.  He  died  Dec.  9,  1842, 
in  New  York  city. 

WOODWORTH,  WILLIAM  W.,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
New  York  from  1845  to  1847. 

WOOL,  JOHN  ELLIS,  soldier,  was  born 
Feb.  20,  1784,  in  Newburg,  N.  Y.  He 
served  in  the  war  of  1812;  in  1841  was  ap 
pointed  a  brigadier- 
general  in  the  Unit 
ed  States  army,  and 
for  services  in  the 
Mexican  war  he  was 
brevetted  major-gen 
eral.  He  was  retired 
in  1863,  being  long 
past  the  age  for  ac 
tive  service.  He  was 
especially  eminent 
in  the  organizing 
and  discipline  of 
troops.  A  monu 
ment  seventy-five  feet  high  has  been 
erected  to  his  memory  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  He 
died  Nov.  10,  1869,  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1035 


WOOLLEN,  WILLIAM  WESLEY,  jour 
nalist,  banker,  author,  was  born  June  21, 
1828,  in  Dorchester  county,  Md.  He  has 
filled  the  office  of  auditor  and  treasurer 
of  his  county;  and  city  comptroller,  and 
manager  of  the  Indianapolis  Clearing 
House  association.  He  is  the  author  of 
Biographical  and  Historical  Sketches  of 
Early  Indiana. 

WOOLLEY,  MRS.  CELIA  PARKER, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  June  14,  1848, 
in  Toledo,  Ohio.  She  is  the  author  of 
Love  and  Theology,  which  was  changed 
in  its  fifth  edition  to  the  title  of  Rachel 
Armstrong.  Her  other  works  are  A  Girl 
Graduate;  and  Roger  Hunt.  She  has 
lectured  before  women's  clubs,  and  for  a 
year  was  president  of  the  Woman's  West 
ern  Unitarian  conference.  For  two  years 
she  served  as  president  of  the  Chicago 
Woman's  club. 

WOOLMAN,  JOHN,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  19,  1720,  in  Northampton, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  Quaker  itinerant  preacher 
of  New  Jersey,  in  whose  writings  occurs 
the  earliest  protest  in  America  against 
the  slave  trade.  He  is  the  author  of  Es 
says  and  Epistles;  Serious  Considera 
tions;  and  On  the  Keeping  of  Negroes. 
His  famous  journal,  by  which  he  is  most 
widely  known,  has  been  edited  by  the 
poet  Whittier.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1772,  in 
England. 

WOOLSEY,  ABBY  ROWLAND,  philan 
thropist,  author.  She  was  a  New  York 
philanthropist;  and  the  author  of  A  Cen 
tury  of  Nursing;  Lunacy  Legislation  in 
England;  Handbook  for  Hospital  Visi 
tors;  and  Hospital  Laundries.  She  died  in 
1893. 

WOOLSEY,  SARAH  CHANNING,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  in  1836  in  Ohio.  She 
is  a  poet  and  popular  writer  for  young 
people;  and  a  resident  of  Newport,  R.  I. 
She  is  the  author  of  Old  Convent  School 
in  Paris;  The  New  Year's  Bargain;  What 
Katy  Did;  A  Guernsey  Lily;  For  Sum 
mer  Afternoons;  In  the  High  Valley;  A 
Short  History  of  Philadelphia;  The  Bar 
berry  Bush,  and  Other  Stories  About 
Girls;  Verses;  and  A  Few  More  Verses. 

WOOLSEY,  THEODORE  DWIGHT, 
clergyman,  author,  poet,  was  born  Oct. 
31,  1801,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  a 
congregational  clergyman,  and  president 
of  Yale  university  in  1846-71.  He  was  the 
author  of  Political  Science;  Communism 
and  Socialism;  Introduction  to  the  Study 
of  International  Law;  Essay  on  Divorce 
and  Divorce  Legislation;  Helpful 
Thoughts  for  Young  Men;  The  Religion 
of  the  Present  and  the  Future;  and  Eros, 
and  Other  Poems.  He  died  July  1,  1889, 
in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

WOOLSON,  MRS.  ABBA  LOUISA 
[GOOLD],  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
April  30,  1838,  in  Windham,  Maine.  She 
is  a  Boston  lecturer  on  English  literature; 
and  the  author  of  Woman  in  American 
Society;  Dress  Reform;  Browsings  Among 
Books;  and  George  Eliot  and  Her  Hero 
ines. 

WOOLSON,  CONSTANCE  FENIMORE, 
author,  was  born  in  1848  in  Claremont, 
N.  H.  She  was  a  novelist  whose  work 
was  much  above  the  average  hevel  of  fic 
tion,  Horace  Chase  being  her  best  novel. 
Her  other  works  include  Castle  Nowhere; 
Lake  Country  Sketches;  Two  Women,  a 
poem;  Rodman  the  Keeper:  Southern 
Sketches;  Anne;  For  the  Major;  East 
Angels;  Jupiter  Lights;  The  Front  Yard, 
and  Other  Italian  Stories;  Dorothy,  and 
Other  Italian  Stories;  Mentone,  Cairo, 
and  Corfu;  and  The  Old  Stone  House. 
She  died  in  1894. 


WOOLWORTH,  JAMES  M.,  lawyer, 
state  legislator,  author,  was  born  in  1829 
in  Onondaga  Valley,  N.  Y.  After  practic 
ing  law  in  Syracuse, 
he  moved  to  Omaha 
in  1856;  and  was  the 
first  city  attorney  of 
Omaha.  He  served 
one  session  in  the 
Nebraska  legislature, 
|  and  in  1871  was  a 
'  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  conven 
tion.  In  1873  he  was 
a  democratic  candi 
date  for  chief  justice 
of  the  supreme  court. 
Among  his  publications  are  A  Hand-Book 
of  Nebraska  Territory;  two  volumes  of 
Nebraska  State  Reports;  and  one  volume 
of  United  States  Circuit  Court  Reports. 

WOOMER,  EPHRAIM  M.,  soldier,  bank 
cashier,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  14, 
1844,  in  Jonestown,  Pa.  He  enlisted  in 
company  A,  ninety-third  regiment  Penn 
sylvania  volunteers  in  1861.  He  is  cash 
ier  of  the  People's  bank  of  Lebanon;  was 
a  member  of  the  councils  of  the  borough 
of  Lebanon  from  1883  to  1885;  and  presi 
dent  of  select  councils  of  the  city  of  Leba 
non  from  1885  to  1889.  He  was  elected 
from  Lebanon,  Pa.,  to  the  fifty-third,  and 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

WOOSTER,  CHARLES  WING,  naval 
officer,  was  born  in  1785  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  served  in  the  war  with  Eng 
land;  and  in  1829  was  promoted  rear-ad 
miral.  He  died  in  1848  in  California. 

WOOSTER,  DAVID,  soldier,  state  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  2,  1710,  in  Strat 
ford,  Conn.  He  became  a  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  1775;  was  one 
of  the  originators  of 
the  expedition  which 
captured  Ticondero- 
ga  in  1775;  and  serv 
ed  as  a  member  of 
the  Connecticut  as 
sembly.  He  was  a 
gallant  soldier;  and 
also  contributed  val 
uable  articles  to  the 
literature  of  the  day. 
For  many  years  he 
was  major  -  general 
of  the  Connecticut  militia.  He  was  shot 
while  annoying  the  enemy's  rear-guard 
with  two  hundred  men  in  protecting  his 
state  from  the  enemy.  He  filled  many 
public  offices  of  honor  in  the  civil  service 
prior  to  the  revolutionary  war.  He  was 
taken  to  Danbury,  and  died  there  May  2, 
1777. 

WOOSTER,  DAVID,  physician,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  June  10,  1825,  in  Jasper, 
N.  Y.  In  1858  he  founded  The  Pacific 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  which  he  edited  four 
years.  He  has  published  a  brochure  on 
Diphtheria,  the  first  publication  in  the 
United  States  on  this  disease;  Diseases 
of  the  Heart;  a  pamphlet  on  Hip-Joint 
Disease;  and  a  Genealogy  of  the  Woos- 
ters  in  America. 

WOOTTON,  T.  J..  farmer,  business  man, 
jurist,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1832,  in  Brazos 
county,  Tex.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  of 
Kerr  county,  Tex.,  and  for  several  years 
was  engaged  in  mercantile  business.  He 
has  been  county  judge  of  his  county,  and 
has  filled  numerous  other  public  positions 
of  trust. 

WORCESTER,  ALFRED,  physician, 
author,  was  born  in  1855  in  Massachu 
setts.  He  is  a  physician  of  Waltham, 
Mass.;  and  the  author  of  Monthly  Nurs 
ing;  A  New  Way  of  Training  Nurses; 


Training    Schools    for    Nurses    in    Small 
Cities;    and  Small  Hospitals. 

WORCESTER,  JOHN,  clergyman,  edu 
cator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1834,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  pastor  of  the  New 
Church  society  of  Newtonville,  Mass.,  in 
1869,  instructor  of  theology  in  the  New 
Church  Theological  school,  Boston,  in 
1878,  and  subsequently  its  president. 

WORCESTER,  JOSEPH  EMERSON, 
lexicographer,  philologist,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  24,  1784,  in  Bedford,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  distinguished  lexicographer  and 
philologist  of  Cambridge;  and  the  au 
thor  of  Geographical  Dictionary;  Gazet 
teer  of  the  United  States;  Sketches  of  the 
Earth  and  Its  Inhabitants;  Elements  of 
History;  Outlines  of  Scriptural  Geogra 
phy;  and  Comprehensive  Primary  Dic 
tionary.  His  greatest  work  is  his  well- 
known  quarto  Dictionary  of  the  English 
Language,  first  published  in  1860.  He 
died  Oct.  27,  1865,  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

WORCESTER,  NOAH,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  25,  1758,  in  Hollis, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman, 
pastor  at  Brighton,  Mass.,  in  1813-37.  He 
edited  The  Friend  of  Peace;  and  was  the 
author  of  A  Respectful  Address  to  the 
Trinitarian  Clergy;  The  Atoning  Sac 
rifice  a  Display  of  Love,  not  Wrath;  Last 
Thoughts  on  Important  Subjects;  and 
Causes  and  Evils  of  Contentions  Among 
Christians.  He  died  Oct.  31,  1837,  in 
Brighton,  Mass. 

WORCESTER,  NOAH,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1812  in  New  Hampshire. 
He  was  a  physician  who  was  professor  of 
pathology  in  Western  Reserve  college, 
Hudson,  Ohio;  and  the  author  of  Symp 
toms,  Diagnosis,  and  Treatment  of  Skin 
Diseases.  He  died  April  4,  1847,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

WORCESTER,  SAMUEL,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1770,  in  Hollis, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  congregational  clergy 
man,  pastor  at  Salem,  Mass.,  from  1803; 
and  the  author  of  Letters  to  Dr.  Chan- 
ning  on  the  Unitarian  Controversy;  and 
Discourses  on  the  Covenant  with  Abra 
ham.  He  died  June  7.  1821,  in  Brainard, 
Tenn. 

WORCESTER,  SAMUEL  MELANCH- 
THON,  clergyman,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  4,  1801,  in  Fitchburg,  Mass. 
He  was  a  congregational  clergyman,  pro 
fessor  of  rhetoric  at  Amherst  college  in 
1825-34,  and  pastor  at  Salem,  Mass.,  in 
1834-60.  He  was  the  author  of  Essays  on 
Slavery;  and  Life  of  Samuel  Worcester. 
He  died  Aug.  16,  1866,  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WORCESTER,  SAMUEL  T.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  30.  1804,  in  Hollis,  N.  H.  In  1848 
and  1849  he  was  elected  to  the  state  sen 
ate  from  Norwalk,  Ohio.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas,  which  position  he  held  until  elected 
a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  thirty- 
seventh  congress. 

WORCESTER,  THOMAS,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1768,  in  Hollis, 
N.  H.  He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman; 
and  the  author  of  Call  for  Scripture  Evi 
dence  that  Christ  is  God;  The  True  God 
but  One  Person;  and  New  Chain  of  Plain 
Argument.  He  died  Dec.  24,  1831,  in  Salis 
bury. 

WORCESTER,  THOMAS,  clergyman, 
was  born  April  15,  1795,  in  Thornton,  N. 
H.  He  was  the  first  clergyman  of  the 
Swedenborgian  faith  in  Massachusetts, 
serving  as  pastor  of  the  Boston  society  of 
the  New  Jerusalem  church  from  1821  till 
1867.  He  published  sermons,  addresses, 
and  magazine  articles.  He  died  Aug.  12, 
1878,  in  Waltham.  Mass. 


1036 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF"    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WORCH.  RUDOLPH,  soldier,  journal 
ist,  poet,  was  born  June  10,  1846,  in  Ger 
many.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  until 
its  close.  In  1871  he  took  charge  of  a  Ger 
man  paper,  The  Volksfreund;  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  poems. 

WORD,  THOMAS  J..  congressman.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Mississippi  from  1838  to  1839. 

WORDEN,  JOHN  LORIMER,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  March  12,  1818,  in  West- 
chester  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  commander 
of  the  Yankee  cheese 
box.  the  Monitor,  in 
her  famousfight with 
the  iron-clad  Merri- 
mac,  March  9,  1862, 
the  first  battle  be 
tween  iron-clad  ships 
in  the  world's  his 
tory.  He  was  com 
missioned  rear-ad 
miral  in  1872;  was 
commander-  in  -  chief 
of  the  European 
squadron  from  1875- 
77;  then  served  as  a  member  of  the  ex 
amining  board  and  president  of  the  retir 
ing  board  until  1886,  when,  his  health 
failing,  he  retired  with  the  highest  sea- 
pay  of  his  grade.  He  died  in  1886. 

WORK,  HENRY  CLAY,  poet,  was  born 
Oct.  1,  1832,  in  Middletown,  Conn.  He  was 
a  popular  song-writer  of  Chicago.  March 
ing  Through  Georgia;  and  Grandfather's 
Clock  are  perhaps  the  best  known  of  his 
songs.  He  died  June  8,  1884,  in  Hartford, 
Conn. 

WORKMAN.  CHARLES  H..  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  April  23,  1859,  near  Mil- 
lersburgh,  Ohio.  For  ten  years  he  taught 
English  literature  and  political  economy 
in  the  Ohio  Normal  university.  He  served 
as  a  member  of  the  seventieth  general  as 
sembly  of  Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Ohio  Arbitration  Law,  and  The  Workman 
School  Law. 

WORKMAN.  MRS.  FANNY  [Itl'L- 
LOCK),  anther,  was  born  in  1850  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  With  her  husband  she  1ms 
written  Algerian  Memories:  a  Bicycle 
Tour  over  the  Atlas  to  the  Sahara;  and 
Sketches  Awheel  in  Modern  Iberia. 

WORKMAN,  WILLIAM  HUNTER, 
physician,  author,  was  born  in  is47  in 
Massachusetts.  He  is  a  physician  who  is 
co-author  with  Mrs.  Workman  of  Algerian 
Memories,  and  Sketches  Awheel. 

WORLEY.  CALEB,  educator,  clergy 
man,  was  born  Sept.  18.  1832,  in  Liberty, 
Ky.  He  received  a  thorough  education; 
has  been  a  college  professor;  county  su 
perintendent  of  schools;  has  attained 
success  as  an  eminent  clergyman  in  the 
baptist  church,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate 
in  Clarksville,  Tex. 

WORMAN,  JAMES  HENRY,  educator, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1835,  in  Prus 
sia.  He  is  an  educator  who  has  filled 
professorships  in  various  colleges  north 
and  pouth;  ar.d  is  the  author  of  Complete 
Grammar  of  the  German  Language;  Ele 
mentary  German  Grammar;  and  L'Echo 
de  Paris. 

WORMAN.  Ll'DWIG,  tanner,  congress 
man,  was  bcrn  in  Bucks  county,  Pa.  He 
was  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1820  to  1822.  He  died 
in  1822. 

WORMELEY,  ARIANA  RANDOLPH, 
author,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1835,  in  Eng 
land.  She  has  published  a  comedy  en 
titled  The  Coming  Wcman.  or  the  Spirit 
of  '76,  that  has  been  acted  in  public  and 
private  both  In  the  United  States  and  in 
Europe. 


WORMELEY,  KATHARINE  PRES- 
COTT,  translator,  author,  was  born  July 
14,  1832,  in  England.  She  is  a  translator 
of  prominence  who  has  translated  the 
novels  of  Balzac  and  the  plays  of  Moliere, 
and  is  the  author  of  The  Other  Side  of 
War;  Life  of  Balzac;  The  United  States 
Sanitary  Commission;  and  Hospital 
Transports. 

WORMELEY,  MARY  ELIZABETH,  au 
thor,  was  boru  July  26.  1822,  in  England. 
She  has  contributed  to  magazines,  and 
published  Forest  Hill;  a  Tale  of  Social 
Life  in  1830-31;  Amabel,  a  Family  His 
tory;  Our  Cousin  Veronica;  and  Familiar 
Talks  on  Some  of  Shakespeare's  Come 
dies;  also  translations  of  Louis  Ulbach's 
Madame  Gosselin;  The  Steel  Hammer; 
and  For  Fifteen  Years. 

WORMLY.  THEODORE  GEORGE, 
physician,  author,  was  born  April  1,  1826, 
in  Wormleysburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  Philadel 
phia  physician,  professor  of  chemistry  in 
the  university  of  Pennsylvania  from  1877; 
and  is  the  author  of  Methods  of  Analysis 
of  Coals,  etc.;  and  The  Micro-Chemistry 
of  Poisons. 

WORTENDYKE.  JACOB  R..  educator, 
lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  27, 
1818,  in  Chestnut  Ridge,  N.  J.  He  was  al 
derman  of  Jersey  City,  where  he  practiced 
law;  and  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  thirty-fifth  congress  from  New  Jersey. 
He  died  Nov.  7,  1868,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

WORTH,  JONATHAN,  lawyer,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1802, 
in  Guilford  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  North  Carolina  legislature  in 
1829-34.  He  was  also  for  several  terms  a 
member  of  the  state  senate.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  legisla 
ture  from  1862  till  the  end  of  the  war,  and 
was  public  treasurer  of  the  state  during 
the  same  period.  He  was  elected  gov 
ernor,  and  served  until  1868.  He  died 
Sept.  5,  1869,  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

WORTH.  THOMAS,  caricaturist,  was 
born  Feb.  12,  1834,  in  New  York.  He  first 
came  prominently  before  the  public  in 
1862,  with  his  illustrations  to  Plutarch 
Restored.  He  illustrated  also  some  of  the 
books  of  Orpheus  C.  Kerr,  the  edition  of 
liii  ken's  Old  Curiosity  Shop  that  was 
published  by  the  Harpers  in  1878,  and  nu 
merous  other  works.  At  present  he  is 
on  the  staff  of  Texas  Siftings. 

WORTH,  WILLIAM  JENKINS,  soldier, 
was  born  March  1,  1794,  in  Hudson,  N.  Y. 
He  was  prominent  during  the  war  of 
1812,  and  the  Indian  wars  succeeding,  and 
for  his  valuable  services  in  the  Mexican 
war  was  advanced  to  major-general.  He 
died  May  7,  1849,  in  San  Antonio,  Tex. 

WORTHEN,  MRS.  AUGUSTA  HAR 
VEY,  educator,  historian,  poet,  was  born 
Sept.  27,  1823.  in  Sutton,  N.  H.  For  many 
years  she  was  en 
gaged  in  educational 
work;  and  has  writ 
ten  extensively  for 
the  leading  newspa 
pers  and  magazines 
of  the  United  States. 
She  is  the  author  of 
a  Town  History,  in 
the  compilation  of 
which  she  was  for 
twenty  years  en 
gaged  in  collecting 
and  arranging  the 
material.  Her  poems  have  been  incorpo 
rated  in  Poets  of  America,  and  other 
standard  works. 

WORTHEN,  ROBERT  WATK1NS. 
planter,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1X17. 


in  Little  Rock,  Ark.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education;  is  a  successful  planter; 
and  still  resides  in  the  city  of  his  nativity. 
He  has  served  as  county  and  probate 
clerk;  as  sheriff;  and  as  collector  of  his 
county.  He  has  also  filled  with  distinction 
the  position  of  state  senator  in  the  Ar 
kansas  state  legislature. 

WORTHEN.  WILLIAM  EZRA,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  March  14,  1819, 
in  Amesbury,  Mass.  He  is  a  civil  engi 
neer  of  prominence;  and  the  author  of 
Cyclopaedia  of  Drawing;  First  Lessons  in 
Mechanics;  and  Rudimentary  Drawing 
for  Schools. 

WORTH1NGTON.  ERASTUS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  bcrn  Oct.  8,  1779,  in  Belcher- 
town.  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
general  court  of  Dedham,  Mass.,  in  1814- 

15.  He  published  An  Essay  on  the  Estab 
lishment   of    a    Chancery   Jurisdiction    in 
Massachusetts;     and   History   of  Dedham, 
from   the  Beginning  of  its  Settlement  in 
1635  to  1827.     He   died  June  27,   1842.   in 
Dedham,  Mass. 

WORTHINGTON,  GEORGE,  bishop, 
was  born  Oct.  14,  1842,  in  Lenox,  Mass. 
For  seventeen  years  he  was  rector  of  St. 
John's  church  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  one  of  the 
largest  protestant  episcopal  churches  in 
the  west.  In  1884  he  was  elected  bishop 
of  Nebraska,  and  was  consecrated  the  fol 
lowing  year. 

WORTHINGTON.  H.  G.,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  9, 
1828.  in  Cumberland,  Md.  In  1861  he  was 
elected  to  the  California  state  legislature 
from  the  city  and  county  of  San  Fran 
cisco.  In  1862  he  moved  to  the  territory 
of  Nevada,  and  settled  in  Austin.  On  the 
admission  of  Nevada  as  a  state  he  was 
elected  the  first  representative  there 
from,  taking  his  seat  during  the  second 
session  of  the  thirty-eighth  congress.  In 
1868  he  was  appointed  minister  to  Uru 
guay. 

WORTHINGTON,  HENRY  ROSSITER, 
inventor,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1817,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1854  he  invented  a  direct 
acting  compound  condensing  engine;  he 
set  up  the  first  one  ever  made  in  Savan 
nah,  Ga.  He  afterwards  invented  the  du 
plex  pump. 

WORTHINGTON.  JOHN  T.  H..  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  iuat 
state  from  1831  to  1833,  and  again  from 
1837  to  1841. 

WORTHINGTON,  NICHOLAS  ELLS 
WORTH,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
March  30,  1835,  in  Brcoke  county,  W.  Va. 
He  was  county  superintendent  of  schools 
from  1864  to  1872  in  Peoria,  111.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  state  board  of  public 
instruction  from  1868  to  1872;  and  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  congress 
es  as  a  democrat. 

WORTHINGTON,  THOMAS,  United 
States  senator,  governor,  was  born  July 

16,  1773,  in  Charleston,  W.  Va.    He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  Ohio  from  1803 
to  1807,  and  again  from  1810  to  1SI4.  \vlic-i 
he   resigni'd.     From   1814  to  1818  he  was 
governor  of   Ohio.      After   his   retirement 
from  that  office  he  was  appointed  a  mem 
ber  of  the  first  board   of  canal   commis 
sioners,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until 
his  death.    He  (lied  June  20,  1827,  in  New 
York  city. 

WORTHINGTON.  THOMAS  C..  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  Prince  George 
county,  Md.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Maryland  from  1825  to  1827. 
!!i  .lied  June  19,  1827. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOG'.lAl'H  Y. 


1037 


WORTHMAN,  HARRY  STEPHEN, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  11,  1866,  in 
Newtown,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1891 
he  settled  in  Boise  City,  Idaho,  where  he 
has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  probate  judge  and 
ex-officio  county  superintendent  of  public 
instruction,  receiving  the  re-election  in 
1896. 

WORTMAN,  DENIS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  30,  1835,  in 
Hopewell,  N.  Y.  This  eminent  clergyman 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  hymns  that 
have  passed  into  standard  hymn-books. 
Relics  of  The  Christ  is  considered  one  of 
the  best  poetic  productions  of  the  age. 

WORTMAN,  JOSEPH  A.,  lawyer,  was 
born  Sept.  11,  1863,  in  Berlin,  Prussia.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Dayton,  Ohio, 
tax  commission;  and  in  1891  was  elected 
mayor  of  that  city,  but  was  counted  out 
on  a  technicality.  He  is  prominent  in  pub 
lic  affairs,  and  a  member  of  various  fra 
ternal  orders. 

WREN,  THOMAS,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Jan.  2.  1826,  in  McArthurs- 
town.  Ohio.  He  was  city  attorney  of  Aus 
tin,  Nev.,  in  1874-76;  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Nevada  legislature  in 
1875.  He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Nevada  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a 
republican. 

WRIGHT,  ALBERT  J.,  lawyer,  writer, 
was  born  Aug.  8,  1850,  in  Angelica,  N.  Y. 
In  early  life  he  taught  school,  then  took 
up  civil  engineering  and  land  surveying; 
and  has  done  considerable  newspaper 
work.  In  1880  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  was  clerk  of  the  probate  court  of 
Allegany  county,  N.  Y.,  for  a  period  of 
twelve  years;  and  is  now  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  his  native  state  at  Brad 
ford. 

WRIGHT,  ALBERT  O.,  manufacturer, 
author,  was  born  June  23,  1842,  in  Rome, 
N.  Y.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Wis 
consin  Female  college;  editor  of  the  Wis 
consin  Journal  of  Education;  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Midland  School  and  Supply 
company.  He  is  the  author  of  a  text 
book  on  the  United  States  Constitution; 
and  a  text-book  on  the  Wisconsin  Consti 
tution. 

WRIGHT,  AMMI  W..  lumberman,  was 
born  July  5,  1822,  in  Grafton,  Vt.  He  is 
the  head  of  the  A.  W.  Wright  Lumber 
company.  which 
owns  large  areas  of 
pine  lands,  together 
with  large  saw  mills 
and  salt  blocks  at 
Saginaw,  Mich.  In 
1885  he  married  An 
na  Case  of  Exeter, 
Ontario,  and  in  the 
following  year  mov 
ed  to  Alma  on  Pine 
river,  thirty  miles 
west  of  Saginaw. 
Here  he  built  the 
Wright  house,  one  of  the  finest  hotels  in 
the  state;  the  Alma  sanitarium,  one  of 
the  largest  and  best  equipped  remedial 
institutions  in  the  country;  and  other 
large  and  substantial  structures  and  do 
nated  the  land  and  building  which  se 
cured  the  establishment  of  Alma  college. 
WRIGHT,  ANDREW  FLEMING,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1851,  in 
Franklin,  Mo.  He  has  filled  various  pub 
lic  offices  in  Barron  county,  Wis. ;  has 
been  police  justice  of  Cumberland,  Wis.; 
and  was  elected  judge  of  the  third  muni 
cipal  court  for  Barron  county,  Wis.  In 
1894-95  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
board  of  education  of  Ashland,  Wis.,  in 
which  city  he  has  attained  prominence  as 
an  able  lawyer. 


WRIGHT,  ARTHUR  WILLIAMS,  phy 
sicist,  educator,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1836,  in 
Lebanon,  Conn.  Since  1885  he  has  had 
charge  of  the  Sloane  Physical  laboratory 
at  Yale,  which  was  constructed  under  his 
supervision.  He  was  the  first  to  observe 
and  describe  the  electric  shadow  in  1870- 
71;  devised  a  new  apparatus  for  the  pro 
duction  of  ozone,  and  investigated  its  ac 
tion  upon  alcohol  and  ether  in  1872-74; 
also  in  1874  determined  the  polarization 
of  the  zodiacal  light,  measuring  its 
amount  and  investigated  its  spectrum. 

WRIGHT,  ASHER,  missionary,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  7,  1803,  in  Hanover,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  missionary  to  aeneca  Indians; 
translated  parts  of  New  Testament;  and 
published  elementary  school  books  and 
hymnal  in  their  language;  and  wrote  In 
teresting  Narrative  of  Mary  Jenison.  He 
died  April  13,  1875,  in  Cattaraugus,  N.  Y. 
WRIGHT,  ASHLEY  BASCOM,  public 
official,  congressman,  was  born  in  Hins- 
dale,  Mass.  In  1884  he  was  elected  county 
commissioner  for  the  county  of  Berkshire, 
serving  for  three  years;  in  1890  was  elect 
ed  to  the  executive  council  of  Massachu 
setts;  and  re-elected  in  1891.  He  was 
elected  from  North  Adams,  Mass..  to  the 
fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses, 
and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as 
a  republican.  He  died  Aug.  21,  1897.  in 
North  Adams,  Mass. 

WRIGHT,  AUGUSTUS  B.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  June  16,  1813, 
in  Wrightsborough,  Ga.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-nine  he  was  elected  circuit  judge; 
resigned  before  the  expiration  of  the  sec 
ond  term,  and  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Georgia  to  the  thirty-fourth 
congress;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  thir 
ty-fifth  congress.  He  took  part  in  the  re 
bellion. 

WRIGHT,  BENJAMIN  F.,  farmer,  leg 
islator,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1845,  in 
Hillsdale  county,  Mich.  He  served  in  the. 
civil  war  in  company  G,  twenty-second 
regiment  Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry, 
and  was  confined  in  the  Libby  prison. 
For  four  years  he  was  judge  of  probate 
of  Moody  county,  S.  D.;  and  in  1896  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  South  Dakota 
state  legislature. 

WRIGHT,  C.  B.,  railroad  president, 
was  born  June  17,  1859,  in  Erie,  Pa.  He 
is  president  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  Eagle 
Pass  railway  at  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WRIGHT,  MRS.  C.  M.  H.,  author,  poet, 
was  born  June  3,  1836.  For  over  thirty 
years  she  has  contributed  extensively  to 
the  periodical  press.  She  has  given  much 
time  to  temperance  work;  is  the  author 
of  several  dramas;  and  her  poems  have 
been  given  a  place  in  Poets  of  America 
and  other  standard  works. 

WRIGHT,  CARROLL  DAVIDSON,  sol 
dier  lawyer,  statistician,  was  born  July 
25,  1840,  in  Dunbarton,  N.  H.  During  the 

civil  war  he  enlisted 

as  a  private  in  the 
fourteenth  regiment 
New  Hampshire  vol 
unteer  infantry;  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of 
colonel.  In  1872-73 
he  served  with  dis 
tinction  in  the  Mass 
achusetts  state  sen 
ate;  was  presiden 
tial  elector  on  the 
republican  ticket  in 
1876;  chief  of  the 
Massachusetts  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  La 
bor  during  1873-88;  and  since  1885  has 
been  United  States  commissioner  of 
labor.  He  has  received  the  honorary 
degrees  of  M.  A.  from  Tufts  college, 
and  LL.  D.  from  the  Wesleyan  uni- 
v  ersity.  He  has  been  president  of  the 


\ 


American  Statistical  association;  and  is 
a  member  and  fellow  of  many  American 
and  foreign  scientific  bodies.  He  is  the 
author  of  Census  of  Massachusetts,  1875; 
The  Factory  System  of  the  United  States; 
The  Relation  of  Political  Economy  to  the 
Labor  Question;  Annual  Reports  of 
Massachusetts  Bureau  of  Statistics,  1873- 
88;  Convict  Labor;  Strikes  and  Lock 
outs;  Working  Women  in  Large  Cities; 
Railroad  Labor;  Marriage  and  Divorce; 
Cost  of  Production  of  Iron,  Steel,  etc.; 
Cost  of  Production  of  Textiles  and  Glass; 
and  Industrial  Evolution  of  the  United 
States. 

WRIGHT,        CHARLES         BARSTOW, 
financier,  journalist,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1822, 
in  Bradford   county.   Pa.     In  1863  he  en 
gaged  actively  in  de- 
^^•hk  veloping    the    petro- 

£-.'       ^^         leum      interests      of 
Pennsylvania.         I  n 
4lr^fW     •    1870,  as  director  and 
.,:  afterward     as    presi- 
•**       K   dent,  .  he     undertook 
|  the  work  of  pushing 
the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad    to    comple 
tion.     He   moved   to 
Boston   in   1839,  and 
became  editor  of  the 
Massachusetts     Abo 
litionist.     For  several  years  he  was  con 
nected  with  the  press,  and  in  1846  he  es 
tablished  the   Chronotype,  a  daily   news 
paper,   which   he  conducted   until   it   was 
merged  in  the  Commonwealth. 

WRIGHT,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  physi 
cian,  educator,  was  born  Nov.  1,   1843,  in 
Indianapolis,  Ind.  •  In  1869  he  was  demon 
strator    of    anatomy 
.  ^^  in  the  Indiana  Medi- 

^f*  ^fc  ff  cal  college,  and  sub- 
A  rj  sequently  professor 
f  J^Ri  4  of  materia  medica 
*  and  therapeutics  in 
and  secretary  of  the 
same  institution,  and 
afterwards  its  presi 
dent.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  staff 
at  the  City  hospital, 
and  physician  to  St. 
John's  Home  for  In- 
\alids.  In  1875  and  1876  he  was  president 
of  the  Indianapolis  board  of  health;  was 
president  of  the  Indiana  Medico-Legal  fra 
ternity  in  1877  and  1878,  and  at  present 
fills  the  chair  of  materia  medica  and  ther 
apeutics  in  the  Medical  college  of  Indiana, 
the  medical  department  of  Butler  univer 
sity. 

WRIGHT,  CHARLES  EDWARD,  law 
yer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1867,  in  Bat 
tle  Creek,  Mich.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Whitefield,  N.  H.;  and  is  attorney  for 
several  large  railroads.  In  1896  he  was 
commissioned  judge  of  the  municipal 
court  for  life  by  the  governor  of  New 
Hampshire. 

WRIGHT,  CHARLES  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Dec.  2,  1847,  near  East  Camp- 
bellsville,  Ky.  In  1882  he  was  admitted 
to  the  practice  of  law,  and  has  attained 
success  in  that  profession  at  Campbells- 
ville,  Ky.  For  twelve  years  he  was  coun 
ty  court  clerk;  for  ten  years  was  receiver 
of  state  and  county  taxes;  and  for  four 
years  served  with  distinction  as  judge  of 
the  city  court. 

WRIGHT,  CRAFTS  JAMES,  soldier, 
journalist,  was  bcrn  July  13.  1808,  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.  In  1840  he  was  assistant  editor  of 
the  Cincinnati  Gazette;  and  during  1847- 
54  was  president  of  the  Gazette  company. 
He  served  with  distinction  through  the 
civil  war,  and  attained  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general.  He  died  July  23,  1883,  in 
Chicago,  111. 


1038 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    ElOORAI'l  I  V. 


WRIGHT,  DANIEL  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Mississippi 
from  1853  to  1857. 

WRIGHT,  EBENEZER  KELLOGG, 
bank  president,  was  born  July  28,  1837, 
in  Rome,  N.  Y.  In  1859  he  came  to  New 
York  city  and  se 
cured  the  position  of 
assistant  teller  in 
the  Park  National 
bank,  then  located  at 
No.  5  Beekman 
street.  In  1878  the 
stockholders  elected 
him  a  director;  in 
1888  second  vice- 
president;  in  1889 
vice-president;  and 
on  June  20,  1890, 
president.  After  the 
death  of  Eugene  Kelly  he  became  the  se 
nior  director  of  the  bank.  This  great  in 
stitution  has  now  risen  to  an  important 
position.  Its  capital  is  $2,000,000  and  its 
surplus  $3,000,000,  while  its  deposits, 
which  are  upwards  of  $37,000,000,  are  not 
excelled  in  magnitude  by  any  other  bank 
in  the  United  States. 

WRIGHT,  EDWARD  D.,  poet,  was  born 
Oct.  11,  1859,  in  Wayne  county,  Ind.  He 
U  the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  Modern 
Poems. 

WRIGHT,  EDWARD  E.,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  23,  1859,  in 
Harrisville,  Ohio.  He  became  the  aman 
uensis  of  Mr.  Burdette,  when  editor  of 
the  Burlington  Hawkeye.  Since  1883  he 
has  practiced  law  in  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 
He  is  the  author  of  Everard  and  Eulalia; 
The  Lightning's  Flash;  and  other  works. 

WRIGHT,  EDWIN  R.  V.,  lawyer,  jour 
nalist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1812, 
In  Hoboken,  N.  J.  In  1843  he  was  elected 
to  the  New  Jersey  state  senate,  and  was 
a  leading  advocate  of  the  present  free 
school  system  of  the  state.  In  1851  he 
was  appointed  district  attorney  for  Hud 
son  county,  and  held  the  office  for  five 
years;  He  was  also  a  major-general  of 
militia  for  several  years,  commanding 
the  second  division  of  the  state.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  New  Jersey 
to  the  thirty-ninth  congress.  He  died 
Jan.  19,  1871,  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

WRIGHT,  ELIZUR,  journalist,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  12,  1804,  in  South  Canaan, 
Conn.  He  was  a  journalist  of  Boston  long 
prominent  as  a  reformer;  and  the  autnor 
of  A  Curiosity  of  Law;  The  Politics  and 
Mysteries  of  Life  Insurance;  Savings 
Bank  Life  Insurance;  Myron  Holley  and 
What  He  Did  for  Liberty  and  True  Re 
ligion;  and  a  translation  of  La  Fontaine's 
Fables.  He  died  Nov.  21,  1885,  in  Med- 
ford,  Mass. 

WRIGHT,  FANNY,  reformer,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  6,  1795,  in  Scotland.  She 
was  the  author  of  Altdorf;  A  Few  Days 
in  Athens;  Course  of  Popular  Lectures; 
and  numerous  other  works  on  reform  sub 
jects. 

WRIGHT.  FRANK  E.,  lawyer,  'was 
born  July  20,  1857,  in  Montreal,  Canada. 
He  has  attained  SIR  cess  as  a  popular  law 
yer  in  Toledo,  Ohio;  and  received  the 
full  endorsement  of  the  bench  and  bar 
of  that  city  in  1893  for  the  position  of 
United  States  district  attorney.  He  is 
prominent  in  several  fraternal  orders, 
and  takes  an  active  part  in  public  affairs. 

WRIGHT,  GEORGE  FREDERICK, 
clergyman,  geologist,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  22,  1838,  in  Whitehall,  N.  Y.  He  is 


a  congregational  clergyman  and  geologist, 
and  since  1884  attached  to  the  United 
States  geological  survey  in  the  depart 
ment  of  glacial  geology.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Glacial  Boundary  in  Ohio; 
Studies  in  Science  and  Religion;  Logic 
of  Christian  Evidences;  The  Relation  of 
Death  to  Probation;  Divine  Authority  of 
the  Bible;  The  Ice  Age  in  North  Ameri 
ca;  Man  and  the  Glacial  Period;  and 
Life  of  Charles  Grandison  Finney. 

WRIGHT,  GEORGE  GROVER,  lawyer, 
jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
March  24,  1820,  in  Bloomington,  Ind.  He 
moved  to  Iowa  terri 
tory  in  1840;  served 
as  prosecuting  attor 
ney  in  1847;  and  was 
elected  to  the  state 
senate  in  1849.  In 
1854  he  was  chosen 
chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the 
state;  and  was  elect- 

'•  ^feL:-       ^^VKB    '  'I    '"   'I11'   :-:nm-   oilier 

by  the  people  in  1860 
and  1865.  He  was  a 
professor  in  the  law 
department  of  the  state  university  for  six 
years  from  1865.  He  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1871  and  ending  in  1877.  In 
1890-92  he  was  president  of  the  American 
Bar  association. 

WRIGHT,  GEORGE  H.,  merchant, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  June  4, 
1817,  in  Concord,  Mass.  He  went  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1849;  and  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  that  state  during  the 
years  1850  and  1851. 

WRIGHT,  GEORGE  H.,  horticulturist, 
legislator,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1829,  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.  For  four  years  he  was  surveyor  in 
Locke  county,  Iowa;  in  1862  was  internal 
revenue  assessor;  in  1870  served  with 
distinction  in  the  Iowa  legislature;  during 
1871-78  was  registrar  of  the  United  States 
land  office  at  Sioux  City,  Iowa;  and  is 
now  a  successful  horticulturist  of  Orlan 
do,  Fla. 

WRIGHT,  GEORGE  MITCHELL,  law 
yer,  geologist,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1847,  in 
Tallmadge,  Ohio:  In  1882  he  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  geologist  in  the  United 
States  geological  survey,  and  was  engag 
ed  in  geological  field-work  in  the  Yellow 
stone  National  park,  and  in  Wyoming. 
Montana,  and  Idaho.  In  1886  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Akron, 
Ohio,  and  has  attained  prominence  as  a 
brilliant  lawyer. 

WRIGHT,  HARRISON,  lawyer,  author, 
was  born  July  15,  1850,  in  Wilkesbarre, 
Pa.  He  was  chosen  secretary  of  the  Wyo 
ming  Historical  and  Geological  society 
of  Wilkesbarre  in  1874,  and  devoted  him 
self  to  literary  and  scientific  pursuits.  His 
last  publications  are  The  Manuscripts  of 
the  Earl  of  Ashbumham.  a  Translation  of 
the  Report  to  the  Minister  of  Public  In 
struction  and  Fine  Arts,  by  Leopold  Del- 
isle,  of  the  National  Library  (1884) ;  and 
Observations  on  the  Very  Ancient  Manu 
script  of  the  Libri  Collection,  by  Leopold 
Delisle.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1885,  in  Wilkes 
barre,  Pa. 

WRIGHT,  HENDRICK  BRADLEY.law- 
yer,  congressman,  author,  was  born  April 
24,  1808,  in  Plymouth,  Pa.  He  was  ap 
pointed  district  attorney  for  Luzerne 
county  in  1834;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  state  house  of  representa 
tives  in  1841-43,  serving  the  last  year  as 
speaker.  He  was  elected  to  the  thirty- 
third,  thirty-seventh,  forty-fifth  and  forty- 


sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat  and  na 
tional.  He  was  the  author  of  A  Practical 
Treatise  on  Labor;  and  Historic  Sketches 
of  the  Wyoming  Valley.  He  died  Sept.  2, 
1881,  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 

WRIGHT,  HENRIETTA  CHRISTIAN, 
author,  was  born  in  18 — .  She  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Golden  Fairy  Series;  Chil 
dren's  Stories  of  American  Progress;  Sto 
ries  of  the  Great  Inventors;  Stories  in 
American  Literature;  Stories  in  English 
Literature;  Stories  of  American  History; 
and  The  Princess  Liliwinkins. 

WRIGHT,  HENRY  CLARKE,  reform 
er,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  29, 
1797,  in  Sharon,  Conn.  He  was  an  anti- 
slavery  reformer  and  lecturer  of  promi 
nence  in  his  day.  He  was  the  author  of 
Man-Killing  by  Individuals  and  Nations 
a  Wrong;  A  Kiss  for  a  Blow;  Defensive 
War  a  Denial  of  Christianity;  Human 
Life  Illustrated;  Marriage  and  Parentage; 
and  The  Living  Present  and  the  Dead 
Past.  He  died  Aug.  16,  1870  in  Paw- 
tucket,  R.  I. 

WRIGHT,  HORATIO  GOVERNEUR. 
soldier,  was  born  March  6,  1820,  in  Clin 
ton,  Conn.  He  served  through  the  civil 
war;  attaining  the  rank  of  major-general 
of  United  States  army  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services. 

WRIGHT,  JAMES,  governor,  was  born 
in  1714  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In  1764  he 
was  appointed  governor  of  Georgia;  and 
was  the  last  to  administer  its  affairs  in 
the  name  of  the  king.  He  died  Nov.  20, 
1785,  in  London,  England. 

WRIGHT,  JOHN,  antiquarian,  biblio 
phile,  author,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1836,  in 
Wilmington,  Del.  In  1863  he  graduated 
from  the  Union  col 
lege  of  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.;  received  the 
degree  of  doctor  of 
divinity  from  the 
same  institution  in 
1891;  and  in  1866  he 
graduated  from  the 
Union  Theological 
seminary.  From 
1869-74  he  was  rector 
of  the  Trinity  church 

of  Bay   City,   Mich.; 

from  1874-87  was  rec 
tor  of  St.  Matthew's  church  of  Boston; 
and  since  that  time  has  been  rector  of  St. 
Paul's  church  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.  Dr. 
Wright  has  a  library  of  nearly  five  thou 
sand  volumes  containing  rare  Bibles  and 
prayer  books,  and  is  considered  an  au 
thority  on  American  bibliography.  He  is 
the  author  of  Early  Bibles  of  America; 
Early  Prayer  Books  of  America;  and  His 
toric  Bibles  of  America.  He  has  been 
elected  a  member  of  several  learned  so 
cieties  in  Europe  and  America. 

WRIGHT,  JOHN  C.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1783  in  Weth- 
ersfield,  Conn.  His  Law  Reports  are  a 
part  of  all  good  libraries  in  the  western 
states.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1823  to  1829;  and 
was  for  many  years  the  owner  and  editor 
of  the  Cincinnati  Gazette.  He  took  an 
active  part  as  delegate  from  Ohio  in  the 
peace  congress  of  1861.  He  died  Feb.  13, 
1861,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WRIGHT,  JOHN  STEPHEN,  manufac 
turer,  author,  was  born  July  16,  1815,  in 
Sheffield,  Mass.  He  was  a  Chicago  manu 
facturer  who  established  The  Prairie 
Farmer  in  1840;  and  was  the  author  of 
Chicago:  Past,  Present  and  Future.  He 
died  Sept.  25,  1874,  in  Chicago,  111. 


HERR1NGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA      OF    AMERICAN    BIOGR  VPHY. 


1039 


WRIGHT,  JOHN  VINES,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  June  28,  1828,  in  Pur- 
dy,  Tenn.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
to  the  thirty-fourth  and  thirty-fifth  con 
gresses  from  Tennessee;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  thirty-sixth  congress. 

WRIGHT,  JOSEPH  ALBERT,  lawyer, 
congressman,  governor.  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  April  17,  1810,  in  Wash 
ington,  Pa.  In  1833  he  was  elected  to  the 
Indiana  state  legislature;  in  1840  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate;  and  from  1843 
to  1845  he  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress.  He  was  governor  of  Indiana  from 
1849  to  1857;  and  during  the  latter  year 
was  appointed  minister  to  Prussia.  In 
1862  he  was  appointed  a  senator  in  con 
gress:  and  in  1863  was  appointed  com 
missioner  to  attend  the  Hamburg  exhibi 
tion.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  for  the 
second  time  minister  to  Prussia.  He  died 
May  11,  1867,  in  Berlin,  Germany. 

WRIGHT,  MRS.  JULIA  [McNAIR],  au 
thor,  was  born  May  1,  1840,  in  Oswego, 
N.  Y.  She  is  a  prolific  writer  of  temper 
ance  and  religious  tales,  the  latter  being 
strongly  anti-Roman  catholic  in  char 
acter.  Among  them  are  Almost  a  Nun; 
Priest  and  Nun;  Scenes  of  the  Convent; 
The  Gospel  in  the  Riviera;  A  Wife  Hard 
Won;  and  A  Million  Too  Much. 


WRIGHT,  MRS.  MABEL  [OSv 
author,  was  born  in  1859  in  New  York. 
She  is  a  nature  writer  of  Fairfield,  Conn.; 
and  the  author  of  The  Friendship  of  Na 
ture.  a  series  of  out-door  studies;  Bird- 
craft,  a  field-book  of  New  England  Birds; 
Tommy-Anne  and  the  Three  Hearts:  a 
Natural  History  Story;  and  Citizen  Bird. 
a  bird  book  for  beginners. 

WRIGHT,  MARCUS  JOSEPH,  soldier, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  June  5,  1831,  in 
Purdy,  Tenn.  He  was  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  confederate  army  during  the  civil 
war,  and  subsequently  a  lawyer  of  Mem 
phis.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  of  General 
Winfield  Scott;  Life  of  Governor  William 
Blount;  and  Reminiscences  of  the  Early 
Settlement  of  McNairy  County,  Tenn. 

WRIGHT,  MRS.  MARY  [TAPPAN],  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1851  in  Ohio.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Cambridge,  the  wife  of  Professor 
J.  H.  Wright  of  Harvard  university;  and 
the  author  of  A  Truce,  and  Other  Stories. 

WRIGHT,  MAURICE  LAUGHLIN, 
lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1845,  in 
Scriba,  N.  Y.  In  his  youth  he  taught 
school,  and  in  1864 
enlisted  in  the  navy, 
and  was  on  the 
United  States  gun 
boat  Valley  City  in 
the  North  Atlantic 
squadron  under  the 
command  of  Admiral 
Porter.  In  1870  he 
graduated  from  the 
Columbian  college 
law  school  of  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.,  with 
the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
During  1879-81  he  was  president  of  the 
village  of  Mexico,  N.  Y.;  and  in  16o3  was 
elected  county  judge,  receiving  the  re 
election  in  1889.  In  1890  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  member  of  the  constitutional  com 
mission  to  revise  the  judiciary  articles  of 
the  constitution.  In  1891  he  was  elected 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  for  the  fifth 
judicial  district,  and  two  years  later 
moved  to  Oswego,  N.  Y. 

WRIGHT,  MYRON  B.,  congressman, 
was  born  June  12,  1847,  in  Lake  Forest, 
Pa.  He  has  been  largely  interested  in 
several  financial,  business,  and  manufac 
turing  enterprises  in  Susquehanna,  Pa. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress; 


and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

WRIGHT,  ROBERT,  congressman. 
United  States  senator,  governor,  was  born 
about  1765  in  Kent  county,  Md.  He  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  Maryland  from 
1801  to  1806,  when  he  resigned.  He  was 
at  one  time  member  of  the  state  executive 
council.  He  was  governor  of  Maryland 
from  1806  to  1809.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  Maryland  from  1810 
to  1817;  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term 
from  1821  to  1823.  He  died  Sept.  7,  1826, 
in  Queenstown,  Md. 

WRIGHT,  ROBERT  WILLIAM,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1816, 
in  Ludlow,  Vt.  He  was  a  Connecticut  law 
yer  and  journalist;  and  the  author  of 
The  Church  Knaviad;  Vision  of  Judg 
ment:  The  Pious  Chi-Neh;  Life:  its  True 
Genesis,  a  refutation  of  evolution;  and 
Practical  Legal  P^orms.  He  died  Jan.  9, 
1885,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WRIGHT,  SAMUEL  G.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  1787.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  a  member-elect  of  congress 
from  New  Jersey.  He  died  July  30,  1845, 
near  Allentown,  N.  J. 

WRIGHT,  SILAS,  soldier,  lawyer, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  May  24, 
1795,  in  Amherst,  Mass.  In  1819  he  settled 
in  the  practice  of 
the  law  at  Canton, 
St  Lawrence  county, 
N.  Y.  He  was  soon 
made  a  magistrate 
and  postmaster  of 
his  town,  and  surro 
gate  of  his  county; 
and  early  raised  a 
uniformed  militia 
rifle  company,  o  f 
which  he  was  unani 
mously  chosen  cap 
tain,  from  which  po 
sition  he  rose  to  be  colonel  of  a  rifle  regi 
ment,  and  became  a  brigadier-general  of 
infantry  in  1827.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  in  1823,  and  served  until  1827, 
when  he  took  his  seat  in  congress; 
and  was  re-elected  in  1828.  He  was  cho 
sen  United  States  senator  in  1833;  was 
re-elected  in  1837,  and  again  in  1843,  and 
continued  to  serve  until  1844.  In  1844  he 
was  elected  govern&r  of  New  York.  He 
died  Aug.  27,  1847,  in  Canton,  N.  Y. 

WRIGHT,  THOMAS  LEE,  physician, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1825, 
in  Windham,  Ohio.  He  is  a  physician  and 
journalist  of  Bellefontaine,  Ohio;  and 
the  author  of  Notes  on  the  Theory  of 
Human  Existence;  Disquisition  on  the 
Ancient  History  of  Medicine;  and  Ine- 
briism:  a  Pathological  and  Psychological 
Study. 

WRIGHT,  TURBETT,  congressman.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  from  1781  to  1782. 

WRIGHT,  WILLIAM,  congressman, 
United  States  senator,  governor,  was  born 
in  1794  in  Clarkstown,  N.  Y.  He  served 
as  mayor  of  Newark, 
N.  J.,  in  1840-43;  and 
was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1843  to 
1847.  In  1853  he  was 
elected  a  senator  in 
congress  for  the  term 
ending  in  1859,  serv 
ing  as  chairman  of 
the  committee  on 
manufactures,  and 
that  on  the  contin 
gent  expenses  of  the 
senate.  In  1863  he  was  again  elected  to 
the  senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1869, 


serving  on  the  committees  on  manufac 
tures,  public  lands,  and  revolutionary 
claims.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1866,  in  Newark. 

WRIGHT,  WILLIAM,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1824  in  Ireland.  He 
was  a  journalist  of  Paterson,  N.  J.;  and 
the  author  of  The  Oil  Regions  of  Penn 
sylvania.  He  died  March  13,  1886,  in  Pa 
terson,  N.  J. 

WRIGHT,  WILLIAM  ARTER,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1857, 
in  New  Cumberland,  Ohio.  In  1878  he 
established  the  Conception  college  in 
Chile,  South  Americai  He  has  filled  the 
chair  of  historical  theology  in  the  Maclay 
School  of  Theology  of  San  Fernando,  Gal. 
He  is  a  distinguished  clergyman  of  the 
methodist  episcopal  church;  and  has 
filled  pastorates  in  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island  and  California. 

WRIGHT,  WILLIAM  BULL,  physician, 
educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  Sept.  29, 
1840,  in  Orange  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
physician  and  educator  of  Buffalo;  and 
the  author  of  Highland  Rambles,  a  Poem; 
and  The  Brook,  and  Other  Poems.  He 
died  March  29,  1880,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

WRIGHT,  WILLIAM  BURNET,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1836  in  Ohio. 
He  is  a  congregational  clergyman  of  Bos 
ton,  and  more  recently  of  Buffalo;  and 
the  author  of  Ancient  Cities  from  the 
Dawn  to  the  Daylight;  The  World  to 
Come;  and  Master  and  Men:  the  Sermon 
on  the  Mountain  Practiced  on  the  Plain. 

WRIGHT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  civil  en 
gineer,  author,  was  born  in  1814  in  Wil 
mington,  N.  C.  He  was  a  military  engi 
neer  in  government  service;  and  the 
author  of  Brief  Practical  Treatise  on  Mor 
tars.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1845,  in  Wilming 
ton,  N.  C. 

WRIGHT,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1831,  in  Weybridge,  Vt.  He  is  a  pres- 
byterian  clergyman  and  educator,  and 
professor  of  metaphysics  at  Westminster 
college,  Missouri,  from  1887.  He  is  the 
author  of  Tracts  on  Higher  Mathematics. 

WUCHTER,  ASTOR  CLINTON,  lin 
guist,  clergyman,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  4, 
1856,  in  Jacksonville,  Pa.  He  attended 
the  Millersville  State  Normal  school;  stu 
died  three  years  in  Paris;  and  attended 
the  Lutheran  Theological  seminary  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has  been  professor 
of  languages  in  Paris,  France;  has  been 
a  successful  instructor  in  music;  and 
gained  a  national  reputation  as  an  emi 
nent  lutheran  clergyman  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  that 
state  at  Summit  Hill,  Weissport,  and 
Gilbert.  He  is  also  the  author  of  a  num 
ber  of  meritorious  poems  which  have  ap 
peared  in  current  literature. 

WURTZ,  JOHN,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1825  to  1827.  He  died  April 
23,  1861,  in  Rome,  Italy. 

WYANT,  ALEXANDER  H.,  artist, 
was  born  Jan.  11,  1836,  in  Port  Washing 
ton,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  an  associate 
of  the  National  academy  in  1868,  and  an 
academician  the  following  year.  Among 
his  works  in  oil  are  A  Storm;  Staten 
Island,  from  the  Jersey  Meadows;  Scene 
on  the  Upper  Susquehanna;  Shore  of  Lake 
Champlain;  and  Pool  on  the  Ausable.  His 
water-colors  include  Scene  on  the  Upper 
Little  Miami;  New  Jersey  Meadows;  Sun 
set  on  the  Prairie;  Late  Autumn,  Au 
sable  River;  and  Reminiscence  of  the 
Connecticut.  He  died  Nov.  29,  1892.  in 
New  York. 


1040 


HKRR1NGSHAWS     ENCYCLOPEDIA       OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


WYATT,  FRANCIS,  governor,  was 
born  about  1575  in  England.  He  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  Virginia  in  1621,  and 
with  a  fleet  of  nine  sail  arrived  there  in 
October  of  that  year.  He  died  in  1644  in 
England. 

WYATT,  WILLIAM  EDWARD,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  July  9,  1789,  in 
Nova  Scotia.  He  was  an  episcopal  clergy 
man  of  Baltimore,  and  rector  of  St.  Paul's 
church  in  1814-64.  He  was  the  author  of 
Christian  Offices;  and  The  Parting  Spirit's 
Address  to  His  Mother.  He  died  June  24, 
1864,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

WYATT,  WILLIAM  FRANCIS,  educa 
tor,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1867.  in  Kane.  111.  For  several  years  he 
taught  school,  and  has  since  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  profession  of  law  at  White 
Hall,  111.  He  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
politics;  is  an  eloquent  platform  speaker: 
and  the  author  of  Reform  Measures  and 
other  works  on  political  questions. 

WYCHE,  JAMES  E.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Mississippi.  He  moved  to  Michi 
gan;  and  was  appointed  from  that  state 
an  associate  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  territory  of  Washington,  re 
siding  at  Vancou-,  er. 

WYCKOFF,  WILLIAM  CORNELIUS, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  May  28.  1832, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  the  scientific 
editor  of  the  New  York  Tribune  in  1869- 
78;  and  the  author  of  Silk  Goods  in 
America;  and  American  Silk  Manufac 
ture.  He  died  May  2,  188.8,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

WYCKOFF.  WILLIAM  HENRY,  clergy- 
'man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  10, 
1807,  in  New  York  city.  He  was.a  baptist 
clergyman  and  educator  of  New  York 
city;  and  the  author  of  American  Bible 
Society  and  the  Baptists;  and  Documen 
tary  History  of  the  American  Bible  Union. 
He  died  Nov.  2,  1877,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

WYCKOFF,  WILLIAM  OZMUN,  manu 
facturer,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  16, 
1845,  in  Lansing,  N.  Y.  About.  1882  he 
established  the  firm  of  Wyckoff,  Seamans 
and  Benedict,  with  about  $20,000  of  capi 
tal,  and  made  a  contract  with  E.  Rem 
ington  and  Sons  whereby  the  firm  be 
came  sole  agents  for  the  sale  of  the  ma 
chines.  Their  business  continuing  to  ex 
pand,  Wyckoff,  Seamans  and  Benedict 
were  incorporated  May  19,  1892,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $3,000,000.  He  died  July 
11,  1895,  at  the  Thousand  Islands,  N.  Y. 

WYETH,  JOHN  ALLAN,  surgeon,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  26.  1845,  in  Mission 
ary  Station,  Ala.  He  is  a  surgeon  of  New 
York  city,  founder  in  1880  of  the  New 
York  Polyclinic  and  Hospital,  and  the 
first  graduate  medical  school  in  America. 
He  is  the  author  of  Essays  on  Surgical 
Anatomy  and  Surgery;  and  Text-Book  on 
Surgery. 

WYETH,  LOUIS  WEISS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  June  20,  1812,  in  Harrisburg. 
Pa.  In  1874  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
fifth  judicial  district  of  Alabama;  and 
later  was  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Alabama.  He  died  July  7,  1889,  in  Mar 
shall  county,  Ala. 

WYETH,  NATHANIEL  JARVIS.  pio 
neer  explorer,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1802,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He  built  Fort,  William 
on  the  Columbia,  and  established  a  settle 
ment  on  Wappatoo  Island.  He  died  Aug. 
31,  1856. 

WYLIE,  ANDREW,  clergyman,  author. 
was  born  April  12,  1789,  in  Washington, 
Pa.  He  was  elected  president  of  Indiana 
college  in  1818,  and  removing  to  Bloom- 
ington,  Ind.,  in  1829,  held  this  post  during 


life.  He  published  several  sermons  on 
special  occasions  (1816-51);  English 
Grammar;  Eulogy  on  General  Lafayette; 
Sectarianism  in  Heresy,  with  its  Nature, 
Evils,  and  Remedy;  and  baccalaureate 
and  other  addresses.  He  died  Nov.  11, 
1S51,  in  Bloomington,  Ind. 

WYLIE,  THEODORE  WILLIAM  JOHN, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1818, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  reformed 
Presbyterian  clergyman  of  Philadelphia; 
and  the  author  of  English,  Latin,  and 
Greek  Vocabulary;  The  God  of  Our  Fath 
ers;  and  Washington  as  a  Christian. 

WYLIE,  THEOPHILUS  ADAM,  clergy 
man,  educator,  author,  was  born  Oct.  8, 
1810,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.  He  was  a  re 
formed  presbyterian  clergyman  and  edu 
cator,  and  professor  of  ancient  languages 
in  the  university  of  Indiana  from  1864.  He 
was  the  author  of  History  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Indiana.  He  died  in  1895. 

WYLLYS,  GEORGE,  go\ernor,  was 
born  about  1570  in  England.  He  was 
chosen  deputy  governor  of  Connecticut 
in  1641,  and  governor  in  1642.  He  died 
March  9,  1645,  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

WYMAN,  EDWIN  ALLEN,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  in  1834  in  Maine.  He 
is  a  clergyman  of  Maiden,  Mass.;  and  the 
author  of  Acquaintance  with  God,  or  Sal 
vation  and  Character. 

WYMAN,  JEFFRIES,  physician,  scient 
ist,  educator,  author,  was  born  -»ug.  11. 
1814,  in  Chelmsford,  Mass.  He  was  a  phy 
sician  a,nd  scientist  of  distinction,  Hersey 
professor  of  anatomy  in  Harvard  univer 
sity  in  1847-74.  He  was  the  author  of 
Fresh-Water  Shell-Mounds  of  the  St. 
John's  River,  Florida,  and  many  scientific 
monographs  of  much  \alue.  He  died  Sept. 
4,  1874,  in  Bethlehem,  N.  H. 

WYMAN.  MRS.  LILLIE  BUFFUM 
LCHACE],  author,  was  born  in  1837  in 
Rhode  Island.  She  is  the  author  of  Pov 
erty  Grass,  a  collection  of  short  stories. 

WYMAN,  MORRILL,  physician,  author, 
was  born  July  25,  1812,  in  Chelmsford, 
Mass.  He  is  a  physician  of  Cambridge; 
and  the  author  of  Practical  Treatise  on 
Ventilation;  Progress  in  School  Disci 
pline;  and  Autumnal  Catarrh. 

WYMAN,  ROBERT  HARRIS,  naval  of 
ficer,  was  born  July  12,  1822,  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  He  was  commander  in  the 
United  States  navy  in  1862;  captain  in 
1866;  chief  hydrographer  in  1869;  and 
rear-admiral  in  1878.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1882, 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

WYNKOOP,  HENRY,  soldier,  legisla 
tor,  jurist,  was  born  March  2,  1737,  in 
Bucks  county,  Pa.  He  represented  his 
county  in  the  committee  of  safety  in  1776; 
succeeded  Edward  Biddle  in  the  continen 
tal  congress  in  1779;  and  received  the  re 
election  in  1780  and  1781.  He  was  a  lieu 
tenant  in  the  revolutionary  army;  justice 
of  common  pleas;  representative  in  the 
federal  congress;  and  associate  judge  of 
his  county  during  1789-1812.  He  died 
March  25,  1816,  in  his  native  county. 

WYNKOOP,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  au 
thor,  was  born  June  29,  1829,  in  York- 
town,  N.  Y.  During  1852-64  he  practiced 
law  in  New  York  city.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Wynkoop  Genealogy;  Schureman 
Genealogy;  Documenting  of  Vessels; 
Clearance  and  Entrance  of  Vessels;  Ves 
sels  and  Voyages;  and  other  works. 

WYNN.  RICHARD,  soldier,  congress 
man,  was  born  about  1750  in  Eastern  Vir 
ginia.  He  entered  the  military  service 
early  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  in 
1775  was  lieutenant  of  South  Carolina 
Rangers.  He  was  active  during  the  re 


mainder  of  the  war,  and  at  its  close  was. 
appointed  a  brigadier  and  then  a  major- 
general  of  militia.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  South  Carolina  from 
1793  to  1797,  and  again  from  1802  to  1813. 
He  died  in  1813  in  Tennessee. 

WYNN,  THOMAS,  planter,  state  sena 
tor,  congressman,  was  born  in  1764  in 
Hertford  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a  general 
of  militia;  and  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  North  Carolina  house  of  commons 
and  senate.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  in  1802;  from  1803  to  1807;  and 
in  1800  and  1808  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor.  He  died  June  3,  1825,  in  Hertford 
county,  N.  C. 

WYNNE,  JAMES,  physician,  author, 
was  born  in  1814  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  physician  of  New  York  city;  and  the 
author  of  Lives  of  Eminent  Literary  and 
Scientific  Men  of  America;  Importance  of 
the  Study  of  Legal  Medicine;  and  The 
Prhate  Libraries  of  New  York.  He  died 
Feb.  11,  1871,  in  Central  America. 

WYNNE,  MRS.  MADELENE  [YALE], 
artist,  author,  was  born  in  1847  in  New 
York.  She  is  a  Chicago  artist  and  worker 
in  silver;  and  the  author  of  The  Little 
Room  and  Other  Stories. 

WYNNS,  THOMAS,  soldier,  state  sena 
tor,  was  born  in  1764  in  Hertford  county. 
N.  C.  In  1790  he  was  state  senator  from 
North  Carolina.  He  was  also  a  member 
of  the  executive  council  and  brigadier- 
general  of  militia.  He  died  June  3.  1825, 
in  Hertford  county,  N.  C. 

WYTHE,  GEORGE,  signer  of  the  dec 
laration  of  independence,  was  born  in 
1726  in  Elizabeth  City,  Va.  He  was  for 
a  long  time  a  member  of  the  house  of 
burgesses;  was  chancellor  of  Virginia; 
and  in  1764  was  appointed  to  prepare  a 
petition  against  the  stamp  act.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  continental  congress  from 
1775  to  1777,  and  signed  the  declaration 
of  independence.  In  1777  he  was  speaker 
of  the  house  of  delegates;  and  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  court  of  chancery. 
The  honor  was  awarded  to  him  of  having 
been  the  instructor  of  Thomas  Jefferson. 
He  was  the  author  of  Decisions  of  Cases 
in  Virginia  by  the  High  Court  of  Chan 
cery.  He  djed  June  8,  1806,  in  Richmond, 
Va. 

WYTHE,  JOSEPH  HENRY,  clergyman, 
physician,  author,  was  born  March  19, 
1822,  in  England.  He  is  a  methodist  cler 
gyman  and  physician  of  San  Francisco; 
and  the  author  of  The  Microscopist;  Cu 
riosities  of  the  Microscope;  Agreement  of 
Science  and  Revelation;  The  Science  of 
Life;  Biblical  Biology;  Easy  Lessons  in 
Vegetable  Biology;  and  Physiology  of 
the  Soul. 

YALE,  ALBERT  W.,  educator,  journal 
ist,  clergyman,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1848,  in 
Osceola,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Denison  university  of  Granville. 
Ohio.  In  1880  he  was  ordained  a  baptist 
clergyman;  was  president  of  the  Normal 
school  of  Prospect,  Ohio,  in  1885-86;  pres 
ident  of  the  Marion  Normal  school  in 
1887-90;  and  is  now  the  editor  and  o\vu>>r 
of  the  Chronicle  of  Waynesfield,  Ohio. 

YALE,  CYRUS,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  May  17,  1786,  in  Lee,  Mass.  He  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  New 
Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1814;  and  the  author 
of  Life  of  Rev.  Jeremiah  Halleck;  Min 
iature  of  the  Life  of  the  Rev.  Alvan 
Hyde,  D.  D.;  Biographical  Sketches  of 
the  Ministers  of  Litchfleld  County  after 
the  Year  1800.  He  died  May  21,  1854.  in 
New  Hartford,  Conn. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPriY. 


1041 


YALE,  ELIHU,  philanthropist,  was 
born  April  5,  1649,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In 
1678  he  went  to  the  East  Indies;  was 
governor  of  Port  St.  George,  Madras,  dur 
ing  1687-92;  and  acquired  great  wealth. 
He  never  returned  to  America,  and  died 
July  8,  1721,  in  London,  England.  During 
1714-21  he  made  donations  to  the  college 
amounting  to  nearly  three  thousand  dol 
lars,  at  a  time  when  the  money  was  much 
needed;  and  the  college  was  named  Yale 
college  in  his  honor. 

YALE,  ELISHA,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  June  15,  1780,  in  Lee,  Mass.  He 
became  pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church 
at  Kingsborough  in  1804,  and  retained  this 
charge  till  his  resignation  in  1852.  He 
published  Select  Verse  System,  for  the 
Use  of  Individuals,  Families,  and  Schools; 
Helps  to  Cultivate  the  Conscience.  He 
died  Jan.  9,  1853,  in  Kingsborough,  N.  Y. 

YALE,  LEROY  MILTON,  physician, 
educator,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  12, 
1841,  in  Holmes  Hole  (now  Vineyard  Ha 
ven),  Mass.  Since  1871  he  has  been  in 
structor  and  lecturer  on  various  branches 
in  the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  college 
in  New  York  city.  He  had  charge  of 
The  Medical  Gazette  in  1867-68,  and  has 
edited  the  medical  part  of  Babyhood  since 
its  beginning  in  1884. 

YALE,  LINUS,  inventor,  was  born 
April  4,  1821,  in  Salisbury,  N.  Y.  He  was 
the  inventor  of  the  famous  Yale  locks, 
which  are  now  extensively  used  through 
out  the  civilized  world.  He  died  Dec.  4, 
1868,  in  New  York  city. 

YALES,  WILLIAM  HALL,  lawyer, 
state  senator,  lieutenant-governor,  was 
born  Nov.  12,  1831,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  is  a  noted  lawyer  of  Winona,  Minn.; 
was  elected  to  the  Wisconsin  state  senate 
in  1866;  and  again  in  1875  and  1894.  In 
1869  he  was  elected  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  state  of  Wisconsin,  and  received 
the  re-election  in  1871. 

YANCEY,  BARTLETT,  lawyer,  state 
legislator,  congressman,  was  born  about 
1780  in  Caswell  county,  N.  C.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  North  Carolina 
in  1813,  where  he  served  four  years.  He 
served  for  many  years  in  the  state  legis 
lature,  and  frequently  as  speaker  of  the 
house.  He  died  Aug.  30,  1828,  in  Caswell 
county,  N.  C. 

YANCEY,  WILLIAM  LOWNDES,  law 
yer,  journalist,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1814,  in  Ogeechee 
Shoals,  Ga.  He  was  a  representative  in 
congress  from  Alabama  from  1844  to 
1847.  Before  entering  congress  he  had 
served  in  the  Alabama  legislature,  and, 
after  leaving  it,  served  as  a  member  of 
various  political  conventions.  He  died 
July  28,  1863,  near  Montgomery,  Ala. 

YANCY,  MRS.  BELLE,  author,  poet, 
was  born  in  Louisville,  Ky.  She  is  the 
author  of  several  novels,  and  a  number  of 
poems. 

YANCY,  JOEL,  congressman.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1827  to  1831. 

YANDELL,  DAVID  WENDELL,  physi 
cian,  educator,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1826,  in 
Murfreesborough,  Tenn.  He  was  appoint 
ed  professor  of  surgery  in  the  Indiana 
Medical  college  in  1874.  In  1870  he  es 
tablished  the  American  Practitioner. 

YAPLE,  GEORGE  L.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1851,  in  Leonidas, 
Mich.  He  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress  from  Mendon,  Mich. 

YARDLEY,  ROBERT  M.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1850,  in  Yard- 

66 


ley,  Pa.  He  was  elected  district  attorney 
in  1879  in  Doylestown,  Pa.,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national 
convention  at  Chicago  in  1884.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fiftieth  congress,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a 
republican. 

YARROW,  HENRY  CRECY,  physician, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1840,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  physician  in  Wash 
ington,  curator  of  the  reptile  department 
in  the  National  museum;  and  the  author 
of  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Mortuary 
Customs  Among  North  American  Indians. 

YATES,  ABRAHAM,  congressman,  was 
born  Aug.  23,  1724,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  New  York  to  the 
continental  congress  in  1787  and  1788.  He 
died  June  30,  1796,  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

YATES,  ARTHUR  GOULD,  merchant, 
railroad  president,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1843, 
in  East  Waverly,  N.  Y.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  president  and  director  of  the  Buf 
falo,  Rochester  and  Pittsburgh  railway  at 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 

YATES,  AUSTIN  ANDREW,  soldier, 
lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  March  24, 
1836,  in  Schenectady.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  district  attorney  of  Schenectady 
county,  N.  Y.;  and  he  was  judge  from 
1873  till  1876.  He  has  a  large  law  prac 
tice  in  Schenectady,  and  has  been  twice 
a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly. 

YATES,  ELIZABETH  UPHAM,  mis 
sionary,  lecturer,  was  born  July  3,  1857, 
in  Bristol,  Maine.  For  many  years  she 
was  a  missionary  in 
China;  and  as  the 
national  lecturer  of 
the  Woman's  Chris- 
tian  Temperance 
union,  and  the  Na 
tional  American  Suf 
frage  association, 
she  has  attained  a 
world-wide  reputa 
tion.  She  has  ad 
dressed  many  state 
legislatures  and  con 
gressional  commit 
tees  in  the  behalf  of  woman's  enfran 
chisement  and  other  reform  measures; 
and  is  now  engaged  in  lecturing  on  liter 
ary  subjects,  especially  history  and  travel. 
Miss  Yates  is  of  French  extraction,'  and 
a  combination  of  Puritan  and  Creole. 

YATES,  JOHN  BARENTSE,  state  leg 
islator,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  1, 
1784,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  New  York 
from  1815  to  1817;  and  was  a  member 
of  the  assembly  of  that  state  in  1836  from 
Madison  county.  He  died  July  11,  1836, 
in  Chittenango,  N.  Y. 

YATES,  JOHN  VAN  NESS,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1779,  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Albany;  and 
the  author  of  Collection  of  Pleadings  and 
Practical  Precedents,  with  Notes;  His 
tory  of  the  State  of  New  York;  and  Prin 
ciples  and  Practice,  etc.,  in  Cases  of 
Writs  of  Error.  He  died  Jan.  10,  1839,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

YATES,  JOSEPH  CHRISTOPHER,  law 
yer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  9, 
1768,  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  served  as 
mayor  of  Schenectady  in  1798-1808,  as 
state  senator  in  1806-07;  and  as  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  in  1808-22;  and  was 
governor  of  the  state  of  New  York  in 
1823-25.  He  died  March  19,  1837,  in  Schen 
ectady,  N.  Y. 

YATES,  PETER  W.,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  He  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  well  known  in 
the  courts  of  Albany  both  before  and  af 


ter  the  revolution.  He  represented  New 
York  in  the  general  congress  in  1785-87. 

YATES,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  governor,  was 
born  Jan.  18,  1818,  in  Warsaw,  Ky.  He 
frequently  served  in  the  Illinois  state  leg 
islature;  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Illinois  from  1851  to  1855,  and  in 
1861  was  elected  governor  of  Illinois  for 
four  years.  He  participated  extensively  in 
the  raising  of  troops  for  the  national  army 
during  the  rebellion,  and  was  elected  a 
senator  in  congress  from  Illinois  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1865  and  ending  in 
1871.  He  died  Nov.  27,  1873,  in  St.  Louis. 

YATES,  RICHARD,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Dec.  12,  1860,  in  Jacksonville,  111.  He 
has  practiced  law  with  success  in  his  na 
tive  city;  was  city  attorney  during  1885- 
91,  and  county  judge  during  1894-98. 

YATES,  ROBERT,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  March  17,  1738,  in  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  York  from  1777  to  1790  and 
was  chief  justice  from  1790  to  1798.  He 
was  commissioned  to  treat  with  the  states 
of  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  on  the 
subject  of  territory  and  to  settle  the 
claims  of  New  York  against  the  state  of 
Vermont.  He  died  Sept.  9,  1801,  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y. 

YEAGER,  JAMES  MARTIN,  clergyman, 
lecturer,  college  president,  was  born  Nov. 
2,  1857,  in  Yeagerstown,  Pa.  He  attended 
the  Wyoming  seminary  and  in  1880  gradu 
ated  from  the  Wesleyan  university,  from 
which  institution  he  subsequently  received 
the  degree  of  A.  M.  For  two  years  he 
preached  in  Carmel,  N.  Y.,  then  traveled 
through  the  principal  countries  of  Europe 
and  in  Palestine  and  Egypt.  During 
1883-84  he  filled  a  pastorate  in  Lenox, 
Mass.,  then  for  three  years  in  Rhinecliffe- 
on-Hudson,  N.  Y.,  and  during  laSS-92  in 
Hillsdale,  N.  Y.,  and  since  1892  has  been 
president  of  the  Drew  Ladies'  seminary. 
He  lectures  on  Rembles  on  The  Conti 
nent;  Jauntings  in  the  East;  From  Blar 
ney  Castle  to  The  Nile;  and  Rocks  That 
Wreck. 

YEAGLEY,  JOHN  W.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  Sept.  12,  1843,  in  New  Somerset, 
Ohio.  He  is  an  able  lawyer  of  New  Phila 
delphia,  Ohio,  of  which  city  he  has  been 
mayor.  For  six  years  he  was  judge  of  the 
probate  court  of  his  county. 

YEAMAN,  GEORGE  H.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Nov.  1, 
1829,  in  Hardin  county,  Ky.  In  1854  he 
was  elected  judge  of  Davies  county,  Ky. 
In  1861  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  of 
Kentucky.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  thirty-seventh  congress 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  thirty-eighth 
congress,  serving  on  the  same  committee. 
In  1865  he  was  appointed  minister  resident 
to  Denmark.  He  practices  law  in  New 
York  city;  and  is  the  author  of  The  Study 
of  Government. 

YEAMANS,  JOHN,  governor,  was  born 
about  1605  in  England.  During  1671-74  he 
was  governor  of  South  Carolina.  He  died 
about  1676,  in  the  West  Indies. 

YEARDLEY,  GEORGE,  governor,  was 
born  in  1580,  in  England.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Virginia  in  1616,  1619-21,  and  in 
1625.  In  1619  the  first  general  assembly 
met  in  Virginia,  and  during  his  adminis 
tration  many  important  improvements, 
were  made.  He  died  in  1627. 

YEATES,  JASPER,  lawyer,  jurist,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  9,  1745,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Pennsylvania  from  1791  until  his 
death.  He  published  Reports  of  Cases  in 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania  from 
1791  to  1808  in  four  volumes.  He  died 
March  14,  1817,  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 


1042 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


YEATES,  JESSE  J.,  soldier,  lawyer, 
congressman,  was  born  May  29,  1829,  In 
Hertford  county,  N.  C.  He  was  solicitor 
of  Hertford  county  from  1855  to  1860  and 
a  representative  in  the  North  Carolina 
state  legislature  in  1860.  He  served  as 
major  in  the  confederate  army.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  forty-fourth  congress  and  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress. 

YEISER,  JOHN  0.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  Oct.  15,  1866,  in  Danville,  Ky. 
He  has  attained  success  as  a  lawyer  in 
Omaha,  Neb.,  and  has  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  Nebraska  state 
legislature. 

YELL,  ARCHIBALD,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  congressman,  governor,  was  born 
in  1797  in  Kentucky.  He  was  appointed 
one  of  the  judges  of  Arkansas  Territory. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1835  to  1839,  and  was  again 
elected  in  1845,  serving  only  until  1846. 
He  was  governor  of  Arkansas  in  1842  and 
1844.  He  was  killed  at.  the  battle  of 
Buena  Vista,  while  in  command  of  a  regi 
ment  of  Arkansas  mounted  volunteers, 
Feb.  23,  1847. 

YELLAND,  RAYMOND  D.,  artist,  was 
born  Feb.  2,  1848,  in  England.  During 
1877-78  he  was  assistant  director  of  the 
California  School  of  Design,  of  which  he 
was  elected  director  in  1888.  Among  his 
works  are  Half-Moon  Beach;  The  Lonely 
Sea;  Sunlight  and  Shadow;  The  Golden 
Gate  at  Even;  Mount  Tacoma;  Mount 
Hood;  Columbia  River;  Golden  Gate; 
Near  Dordrecht;  and  Faringford,  Isle  of 
Wight. 

YEOMANS,  JAMES  D.,  railroad  build 
er,  public  official,  was  born  April  21,  1»*5, 
in  Wyoming  county,  N.  Y.  He  has  been 
the  general  superintendent  of  the  Balti 
more,  New  York  and  Pittsburg  railway; 
general  superintendent  of  the  Ohio,  Bos 
ton  and  Western  railway;  and  has  built 
many  railroads  in  the  states  of  New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Michigan.  He  is  now 
inter-state  commerce  commissioner  at 
Washington,  D.  C. 

YEOMANS.  WILLIAM  H.,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  was  born  July  14,  1835,  in  Columbia, 
Conn.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  law 
yer  in  his  native  city;  has  been  judge 
and  filled  various  other  public  positions 
of  trust. 

YERGER,  GEORGE  SHALL,  lawyer, 
was  born  Aug.  23,  1801,  in  Hagerstown, 
Md.  He  settled  in  Nashville;  was  for 
many  years  reporter  of  the  decisions  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Tennessee,  and  was 
elected  attorney-general  of  the  state.  He 
died  April  20,  1860,  in  Bolivar  county, 
Miss. 

YERKES.  CHARLES  TYSON,  was  born 
June  25,  1837,  in  Philadelphia.  In  1881  he 
opened  a  bank  at  the  corner  of  La  Salle 
and  Madison  streets  in  Chicago.  This 
was  operated  in  conjunction  with  his 
house  in  Philadelphia,  the  latter  managed 
by  his  partner.  From  the  time  of  his 
advent  in  Chicago  he  has  had  charge  of 
the  North  Chicago  City  railway.  A  recent 
gift  from  him  to  the  university  of  Chicago 
was  a  telescope,  designed  to  be  the  largest 
and  finest  in  the  world,  and  cost  about 
half  a  million  dollars. 

YEWELL.  GEORGE  HENRY,  artist, 
was  born  Jan.  20.  1830,  in  Havre  de  Grace, 
Md.  His  works  include  Children  on  the 
Sea-Shore;  The  Wounded  Drummer-Boy; 
Roman  Shepherd-Boy;  some  Venetian 
subjects,  including  interior  views  of  the 
church  of  St.  Mark;  Santa  Maria  delle 
Salute;  In  the  Church  of  San  Pietro,  Pe 
rugia;  and  In  the  Carpet  Bazaar,  Cairo; 
and  Mosque  of  Kait-Bey,  Cairo. 

YOAKUM,  CHARLES  H.,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1850  in  Limestone, 


county,  Tex.  He  was  elected  district  at 
torney  for  the  eighth  judicial  district  in 
1886,  and  re-elected  in  1888.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  senate  in  1892  for  four 
years  from  Greenville,  Tex.;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

YOAKUM,  HENDERSON  K.,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  in  1810  in  Claiborne 
county,  Tenn.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  Hunts- 
ville,  Tex.;  and  the  author  of  History  of 
Texas  from  its  First  Settlement  to  its 
Annexation  to  the  United  States.  He  died 
Nov.  29,  1856,  in  Houston,  Tex. 

YOCUM,  SETH  H.,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1834,  in  Co 
lumbia  county,  Pa.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion; 
and  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  forty-sixth  congress. 
YODER,  SAMUEL  S.,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Aug. 
16,  1841,  in  Berlin,  Ohio.  He  enlisted  in 
the  one  hundred  and 
twenty-eighth  Ohio 
infantry;  rose  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenant, 
and  served  till  the 
end  of  the  war.  He 
studied  medicine, 
and  practiced  his 
profession  for  eigh 
teen  years.  He  was 
elected  mayor  of 
Bluff  ton,  Ohio;  serv 
ed  as  a  member  of 
state  democratic  ex 
ecutive  committee;  and  was  elected  judge 
of  the  probate  court  of  Allen  county,  Ohio, 
and  served  from  1882  till  1886,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  elected  to  the  fiftieth 
congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress  as  a  democrat. 

YORK,  TYRE,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  was  born  May  4,  1836,  in 
Rockford,  N.  C.  In  1865  he  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  North  Carolina  state 
legislature,  and  served  in  one  or  the  other 
branch  of  that  body  almost  continuously 
until  elected  a  representative  from  North 
Carolina  to  the  forty-eighth  congress  as 
a  republican. 

YORKE,  THOMAS  J.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  Jersey..  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to 
1843.  He  was  a  candidate  for  election  to 
the  twenty-sixth  congress,  but,  although 
he  came  with  the  broad  seal  of  his  state, 
was  not  admitted. 

YOST,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  NEW 
TON,  inventor,  was  born  April  15,  1831, 
in  Dundee,  N.  Y.  He  was  the  inventor  of 
the  Yost  typewriter. 

YOST,  JACOB,  journalist,  congressman, 
\vas  born  April  1,  1853,  in  Staunton,  Va. 
In  1875  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the 
Valley  Virginian,  a  newspaper  published 
at  Staunton,  and  was  actively  engaged  in 
journalism  till  1889,  since  which  time  he 
has  devoted  himself  to  general  business, 
principally  in  connection  with  iron  ore 
and  coal.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  the 
city  of  Staunton  in  1886;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  fiftieth  congress.  He  was  the 
republican  nominee  for  congress  in  1888 
and  again  in  1894;  and  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

YOST,  JACOB  S.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1843  to  1847. 

YOST,  MRS.  M.  EDITH,  poet,  was  born 
July  26,  1863,  in  Mount  Summit,  Ind.  She 
is  a  writer  of  Sulphur  Springs,  Ind.;  and 
the  author  of  a  story  in  rhyme  entitled 
A  Summer  Tale,  and  Other  Poems. 


YOUMANS,  EDWARD  LIVINGSTON, 
scientist,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
June  3,  1821,  in  Coeyman's,  N.  Y.  He  was 
an  eminent  scientist  who,  though  par 
tially  blind  for  many  years,  wrote  and  lec 
tured  extensively,  beside  editing  The  Pop 
ular  Science  Monthly  in  1872-87.  He  was 
the  author  of  Handbook  of  Household 
Science;  The  Culture  Demanded  by  Mod 
ern  Life;  Alcohol  and  the  Constitution  of 
Man;  Chemical  Atlas;  and  Correlation 
and  Conservation  of  Forces  (edited).  He 
died  Jan.  18,  1887,  in  New  York  city. 

YOUMANS,  ELIZA  ANN,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  17,  1826,  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y.  She 
is  the  author  of  First  and  Second  Books 
of  Botany;  Descriptive  Botany;  and  Les 
sons  in  Cookery. 

YOUMANS,  HENRY  MELVILLE,  man 
ufacturer,  congressman,  was  born  May  15, 
1832,  in  Otego,  N.  Y.  He  was  in  the  em 
ploy  of  the  York 
and  Erie  Railroad 
company,  Susque- 
hanna  division,  for 
ten  years.  He  re 
moved  to  East  Sagi- 
naw,  Mich.,  in  1862; 
and  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  lum 
ber  and  salt.  He  was 
elected  mayor  of 
East  Saginaw  for  the 
years  1886  and  1887; 
and  held  all  the  po 
sitions  of  honor  under  the  municipal  gov 
ernment  of  East  Saginaw,  where  he  now 
resides.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sec 
ond  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  in  1897- 
98  served  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  senate. 

YOUMANS,  W.  F.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
was  born  March  21,  1864,  in  Hampton,  S. 
C.  He  received  his  education  at  the  South 
Carolina  college  of  Columbia.  He  has 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  lower  house  of  the  South  Carolina 
legislature;  was  the  adviser  of  the  gov 
ernor  during  the  Darlington  riot.  He  is 
a  successful  lawyer  in  his  native  city; 
was  for  two  terms  a  trustee  of  the  Citadel 
academy  of  Charleston,  S.  C.;  and  was 
one  of  the  originators  of  the  dispensary. 
YOUMANS,  WILLIAM  JAY,  physician, 
scientist,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  14,  1838,  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y.  He  is  a 
physician  and  scientist  of  New  York  city, 
and  editor  of  The  Popular  Science  Month 
ly  from  1887.  He  is  the  author  of  Pio 
neers  of  Science  in  America;  and  co 
author  with  Huxley  of  Elements  of  Physi 
ology  and  Hygiene. 

YOUNG,  ALEXANDER,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1800  in  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  Boston, 
pastor  of  the  New  South  church;  and 
the  author  of  Chronicles  of  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers;  and  Chronicles  of  the  First 
Planters  of  the  Colony  of  Massachusetts 
Bay,  1623-36.  He  edited  The  Library  of 
Old  English  Prose  Writers.  He  died  in 
1854. 

YOUNG.  ALEXANDER,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  19,  1836,  in  Boston, 
Mass.  He  was  a  Boston  journalist  on  the 
editorial  staff  of  The  Post;  and  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  the  Netherlands;  and 
Young  Folks'  History  of  the  Netherlands. 
He  died  March  19,  1891,  in  Boston,  Mass 
YOUNG,  ALFRED,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  21,  1831,  in  England.  Be 
sides  magazine  articles  on  sundry  religi 
ous  topics  and  a  series  of  epigrammatic 
poems  on  scriptural  texts  in  the  Catholic 
World,  he  has  published  Catholic  Hymns 
and  Canticles;  The  Office  of  Vespers;  The 
Catholic  Hymnal;  and  Carols  for  a  Merry 
Christmas  and  a  Joyous  Easter. 


HERRINGSHAW'S     ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


1043 


YOUNG,  ANDREW  WHITE,  journalist, 
author,  was  born  March  2,  1802,  in  Car 
lisle,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  journalist  of  War 
saw,  N.  Y.;  and  the  author  of  First  Les 
sons  in  Civil  Government;  Citizens'  Man 
ual  of  Government  and  Law;  The  Ameri 
can  Statesman;  National  Economy:  a 
History  of  the  Protective  System;  His 
tory  of  Warsaw;  and  History  of  Wayne 
County,  Ind.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1877,  in 
Warsaw,  N.  Y. 

YOUNG,  AUGUSTUS,  lawyer,  jurist, 
state  senator,  congressman,  was  born 
March  20,  1785,  in  Arlington,  Vt.  He  was 
representative  in  congress  from  Vermont 
from  1841  to  1843;  and  was  the  author  of 
On  the  Quadrature  of  the  Circle;  and 
Unity  of  Purpose.  He  died  June  17,  1857, 
in  St.  Albans,  Vt. 

YOUNG,  BRIGHAM,  was  born  June  1, 
1801,  in  Whitingham,  Vt.  In  1822  he 
founded  the  Mormon  sect  at  Kirkland, 
Ohio;  and  was  one  of  the  apostles  sent 
out  to  make  converts  in  1835.  He  was 
chosen  president  and  prophet  in  1844; 
abandoned  Nauvoo  in  1846,  and  persuaded 
his  followers  that  Salt  Lake  Valley  was 
the  promised  land.  He  settled  there  in 
1847;  and  in  1849  organized  a  state  called 
Deseret,  but  congress  organized  it  as  the 
territory  of  Utah,  of  which  he  was  United 
States  governor  from  1850  to  1854.  The 
Mormons  having  defied  the  federal  gov 
ernment,  President  Buchanan,  in  1857, 
sent  a  force  to  enforce  its  authority,  and 
in  1858  a  compromise  was  made.  He  had 
twelve  actual  wives,  besides  many  who 
had  been  sealed  to  him  as  his  spiritual 
wives.  As  the  head  of  the  Morman  church 
he  was  long  governor  of  the  territory, 
and  president  by  semi-annual  election.  He 
died  Aug.  29,  1877. 

YOUNG,  BRYAN  R.,  congressman,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  congress  from  that  state  from 
1845  to  1847. 

YOUNG,  CASEY,  soldier,  lawyer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  in  1832  in  Tuscaloosa, 
Ala.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  Memphis,  Tenn.,  to  the  forty- 
fourth  congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth  congresses; 
and  also  elected  to  the  forty-eighth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat. 

YOUNG,  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS,  as 
tronomer,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
15,  1834,  in  Hanover,  N.  H.  He  is  an 
astronomer  of  note,  professor  of  astrono 
my  at  Princeton  college  from  1877;  and 
the  author  of  The  Sun;  A  General  As 
tronomy;  Elements  of  Astronomy;  Les 
sons  in  Astronomy;  and  Uranography. 

YOUNG,     CHARLES    ELISHA,     physi 
cian,  author,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1858,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.   Y.     He   is  author  of  Anti- 
partum   Haemorrhage;     and  other  works. 
YOUNG,  CHARLES  L.,  soldier,   manu 
facturer,    educator,    was    born    Nov.    23, 
1838,   in  Albany,  N.  Y.     He  received  his 
education  at  the  Al 
bany     academy,    the 
Classical       institute, 
and     other    classical 
institutions     of     his 
native  state;  and  his 
preference     for     the 
bar  was   interrupted 
by      the     war.      He 
served   as   an   officer 
in  the  civil  war,  with 
rank    of    lieutenant- 
colonel      of      volun 
teers;        commanded 

his  regiment  in  Pope's  campaign;  was  on 
the  staff  of  Generals  Sickles  and  Joseph 
Hooker;  and  was  in  inspector-general's 
department  of  the  second  corps  of  Gen 
eral  W.  S.  Hancock.  In  1878-80  he  was 
brigadier-general  of  the  state  of  Ohio;  na 


tional  senior  vice  commander-in-chief  of 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  in  1881- 
82;  superintendent  of  the  Ohio  Soldiers' 
and  Sailors'  Orphans'  home  in  Xenia, 
Ohio,  during  1890-95;  and  in  1895-96  was 
superintendent  of  the  Pennsylvania  Sol 
diers'  Orphans'  Industrial  school.  In  1890 
he  was  president  of  the  Toledo  Soldiers' 
Memorial  association;  and  was  a  director 
in  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial 
association. 

YOUNG,  EBENEZER,  state  senator, 
congressman,  was  born  in  1784  in  Killing- 
ly,  Conn.  In  1823  he  was  elected  to  the 
Connecticut  state  senate;  was  twice  re- 
elected;  and  was  two  years  speaker  of  the 
house.  He  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  1829  to  1835.  He  died  Aug  18 
1851,  in  West  Killingly,  Conn. 

YOUNG,  EDWARD,  poet,  was  born  Nov. 
25,  1818,  in  England.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  book  of  poems  entitled  Ladye  Lillian. 

YOUNG,  EDWARD  FAITOUTE  CON- 
DIT,  banker,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1835,  in 
Malapardis,  N.  J.  He  is  president  of  the 
First  National  bank  of  Jersey  city;  of 
the  Joseph  Dixon  Crucible  company  of 
Jersey  City;  and  of  the  New  Codale  Coal 
company. 

YOUNG,  EDWARD  M.,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  May  21,  1857,  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal.  He  is  a  successful  in 
structor;  and  the  author  of  a  number  of 
pieces  for  the  piano.  He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  California  Music  Teachers'  as 
sociation. 

YOUNG,  GEORGE  CURSON,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  in  1840  in  Wis- 
beach,  England.  He  was  educated  at 
Rugby  and  Eton  colleges,  and  received 
his  medical  education  at  Edinburgh  and 
Leeds.  After  passing  a  term  in  Guy's 
hospital  and  St.  Bartholomew's,  he  made  a 
tour  through  the  various  hospitals  of  Eu- 
"rope.  He  next  visited  Palestine,  Egypt, 
and  other  countries,  and  in  1870  emigrated 
to  the  United  States.  He  has  since  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  New  York  city. 
Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.,  and  is  now  in  Wash 
ington,  N.  J.  For  two  years  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  physiology  in  the  Eclectic  Medi 
cal  college  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the 
editor  of  The  Red  Cross  Knight,  and  the 
past  grand  commander  of  that  order.  He 
is  the  author  of  Ancient  and  Modern  His 
tory  of  the  Order  of  Knights  of  Malta,  in 
two  volumes;  Therapeutics  in  Nature; 
Physiology  for  the  People,  and  various 
other  medical  works. 

YOUNG,  HENRY  W.,  journalist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1847,  in  North- 
ville,  N.  Y.  He  is  the  editor  of  The  Star 
and  Kansan  of  Independence;  and  is  now 
a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  senate. 

YOUNG,  JAMES,  capitalist,  was  born 
July  25,  1820,  in  Middletown,  Pa.  In 
1859  he  purchased  a  limestone  quarry  in 
Lancaster  county,  Pa.;  and  from  it  sup 
plied  a  large  amount  of  stone  for  bridges 
and  railroads;  and  in  1886  he  sold  the 
quarry  and  became  a  prudent  investor  in 
real  estate. 

YOUNG,  JAMES  RANKIN,  soldier,  edu 
cator,  congressman,  was  born  March  6, 
1847,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  served  In 
the  thirty-second  Pennsylvania  infantry. 
He  made  a  six  months'  tour  of  the  south 
ern  states  soon  after  the  war  as  a  corre 
spondent  of  the  New  York  Tribune;  and 
served  as  chief  of  the  Washington  bureau 
of  the  New  York  Tribune  from  1866  to 
1870.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Philadelphia  Evening  Star  in  1866,  and 
has  been  a  constant  contributor  to  its 
columns  from  that  date  to  the  present 
time,  writing  over  the  signature  of  S.  M. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress 
as  a  republican. 


YOUNG,  JESSE  BOWMAN,  soldier, 
clergyman,  editor,  author,  was  born  July 
5,  1844,  in  Berwick,  Pa.  He  was  educated 
in  the  Dickinson  seminary,  the  Polytech 
nic  college,  Lafayette  college  and  Dickin 
son  college,  graduating  from  the  latter 
institution  in  1868.  During  1862-65  he 
served  as  lieutenant  and  captain  in  the 
eighty-fourth  regiment  Pennsylvania  vol 
unteer  infantry,  being  on  staff  duty  much 
of  the  time.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  army  reminiscences  entitled  What  a  Boy 
Saw  in  The  Army.  He  is  also  the  author 
of  Days  and  Nights  on  The  Sea;  and  a 
prize  essay  on  Mental  Culture  a  Chris 
tian's  Duty.  He  is  an  eminent  clergyman 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church;  and 
since  1892  has  been  the  editor  of  The  Cen 
tral  Christian  Advocate,  one  of  the  great 
est  journals  of  that  denomination. 

YOUNG,  JOHN,  lawyer,  state  legislator, 
congressman,  governor,  was  born  June 
12,  1802,  in  Chelsea,  Vt.  He  was  in  the 
New  York  state  legislature  in  1831,  1844 
and  1845,  and  was  a  representative  in  con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1841  to  1843. 
He  was  governor  of  the  state  from  1847  to 
1849  and  was  assistant  treasurer  of  the 
United  States  in  New  York  city  at  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  died  April  23,  1852, 
in  New  York  city. 

YOUNG,  JOHN  D.,  lawyer,  legislator, 
jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  22, 
1S23,  on  Flat  Creek,  Ky.  During  1843-46 
he  was  a  farmer  and  deputy  sheriff;  and 
during  1852-55  was  a  deputy  United  States 
marshal  under  his  father,  Colonel  Thomas 
Johnson  Young.  In  1858  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  the  same  year  was  elected 
judge  of  that  county  court,  serving  four 
years.  He  received  the  re-election  In 
1866,  but  resigned  the  following  year, 
having  received  the  nomination  of  the 
democratic  party  as  a  candidate  to  a  seat 
in -the  fortieth  congress.  He  was  elected 
but  refused  his  seat;  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  forty-third  congress,  and  served 
out  his  full  term.  In  1890  Judge  Young 
was  again  re-elected  judge  of  Bath  coun 
ty,  serving  four  years;  and  is  now  mas 
ter  commissioner  of  the  Bath  circuit 
court. 

YOUNG,  JOHN  FREEMAN,  protestant 
episcopal  bishop,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1820, 
in  Pittston,  Maine.  Having  been  elected 
the  second  bishop  of  Florida,  he  was  con 
secrated  in  1867,  and  held  the  office  until 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  published 
Great  Hymns  of  the  Church.  He  died  Nov. 
15,  1885,  in  New  York  city. 

YOUNG,  JOHN  RUSSELL,  lawyer, 
journalist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  20,  1841, 
in  Dowington,  Pa.  In  1871  he  went  abroad 
as  one  of  the  foreign  correspondents  of 
the  New  York  Herald,  in  which  service 
he  traversed  the  British  Isles  and  the 
continent.  In  1877  he  accompanied  Gen 
eral  Grant  in  his  famous  tour  around  the 
world,  which  occupied  two  years;  and 
he  published  the  result  of  his  observa 
tions  in  two  volumes  entitled  Around  the 
World  with  General  Grant.  On  his  re 
turn  he  resumed  his  position  on  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  the  New  York  Herald;  and 
in  1882  was  appointed  United  States  min 
ister  to  China.  He  is  also  the  author  of 
The  Memorial  History  of  Philadelphia. 

YOUNG,  JOHN  S..  soldier,  lawyer,  ju 
rist,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1834, 
in  Wake  county,  N.  C.  He  served  in  the 
confederate  army  throughout  the  war  of 
the  rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Homer,  La.;  and  was  a  district  judge. 
He  was  elected  a  representative  from 
Louisiana  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as 
a  democrat. 


1044 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


s- 


YOUNG,  MRS.  JULIA  EVELYN  [DIT 
TO],  author,  poet,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1857, 
in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  She  is  a  novelist  and 
poet  of  Buffalo;  and  the  author  of  Adrift, 
a  Story  of  Niagara;  Glynne's  Vnie,  a 
Story  in  Verse;  and  Thistle  Down. 

YOUNG,  LOYAL,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  July  1,  1806,  in  Charlemont, 
Mass.  He  was  a  presbyterian  clergyman  in 
Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia;  and 
the  author  of  From  Dawn  to  Dusk;  Ecce 
Diluvium;  Interviews  with  Inspired  Men; 
and  Commentary  on  Ecclesiastes. 

YOUNG,  MRS.  MARY  HULETT,  poet, 
was  born  near  Saratoga,  N.  Y.  She  is  a 
writer  of  Mayville,  N.  Y. ;  and  the  author 
of  a  prose  work  entitled  Wahrite;  and  a 
volume  of  poems  entitled  Forest  Leaves. 
YOUNG,  MICHAEL  HARRY  DE,  jour 
nalist,  was  born  in  October,  1848,  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of 
the  San  Francisco 
Chronicle,  and  one 
of  the  best-known 
and  most  successful 
newspaper  men  in 
America.  In  1865  he 
issued  the  first  num 
ber  of  The  Dramatic 
Chronicle,  which 
was  subsequently 
merged  into  the  San 
Francisco  Chronicle. 
For  many  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the 
national  republican  committee;  and  was 
nominee  for  the  United  States  senator- 
ship  as  successor  to  the  late  George 
Hearst.  In  1889  he  was  appointed  com 
missioner  from  California  to  the  Paris 
exposition;  he  was  one  of  the  most  prom 
inent  California  representatives  in  the 
World's  Columbian  exposition,  and  was 
its  second  vice-president.  The  California 
Mid-Winter  International  exposition  owed 
its  conception  to  him,  and  he  was  its 
president  and  director  general. 

YOUNG,  OSCAR  E.,  educator,  poet,  was" 
born  Jan.  6,  1861,  in  East  Livermore, 
Maine.  He  is  the  author  of  two  volumes 
of  poems  entitled  Seaside  Songs  and 
Woodland  Whispers. 

YOUNG,  PETER  C.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  May  19,  1848,  in  Achor,  Ohio.  This 
able  lawyer  of  Lisbon,  Ohio,  for  four 
years  was  engaged  in  editorial  work;  and 
is  now  judge  of  the  probate  court  of  his 
county. 

YOUNG.  PIERCE  MANNING  BUTLER, 
soldier,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  15, 
1839,  in  Spartanburg,  S.  C.  He  joined  the 
confederate  army,  and  rose  by  promotion 
to  the  rank  of  major-general,  receiving 
two  wounds  in  battle.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a  representative  from  Georgia  to 
the  forty-first  congress;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  forty-second  and  forty-third 
congresses  as  a  democrat. 

YOUNG,  RICHARD  MONTGOMERY, 
state  legislator.  United  States  senator, 
was  born  in  1796  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  in  1828;  and  was  a 
senator  in  congress  from  Illinois  from 
1837  to  1843.  He  was  appointed  commis 
sioner  in  the  general  land  office  in  1846; 
and  was  clerk  of  the  United  States  house 
of  representatives  in  1850  and  1851.  He 
died  about  1852  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

YOUNG,  ROBERT  ANDERSON,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1824,  in 
Knox  county.  Tenn.  He  is  a  successful 
clergyman;  has  been  pastor,  presiding 
elder,  secretary  of  the  board  of  foreign 
missions,  president  of  the  Wesleyan  uni 
versity  of  Alabama,  and  is  now  regent  of 
Belmont  college  of  Nashville,  Tenn. 

YOUNG,  SAMUEL  MARTIN,  farmer, 
legislator,  was  born  May  29,  1861,  near 


Dixon  Springs,  Tenn.  In  1892-94  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Tennessee  state  senate. 
He  has  devoted  his  time  to  agricultural 
pursuits,  and  has  been  president  of  the 
Dixon  Springs  Live  Stock  association. 

YOUNG,  SHERMAN  POMEROY,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1866,  in  Wood- 
burn,  111.  He  graduated  from  the  Mc- 
Kendrick  college  with  the  degree  of  B. 
A.;  took  a  post-graduate  course  at  the 
Yale  unhersity;  and  also  from  the  Bos 
ton  university,  receiving  from  the  latter 
institution  the  degree  of  S.  T.  B.  For 
reany  years  he  was  engaged  in  education 
al  work  in  Jackson  county.  111.;  and  is 
now  pastor  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church  of  Salem,  111.  He  is  a  frequent 
contributor  to  church  periodicals  and  the 
secular  press. 

YOUNG,  STEPHEN  JEWETT,  educa 
tor,  banker,  was  born  in  November,  1839. 
in  Pittston.  He  became  instructor,  and 
then  professor  of  modern  languages  in 
Bowdoin  college.  He  is  president  of  the 
First  National  bank  of  Brunswick,  and 
has  thrice  represented  the  town  in  the 
Maine  legislature. 

YOUNG,  THOMAS  LOWRY,  soldier, 
state  senator,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  Dec.  14,  1832,  in  Ireland.  He 
settled  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  served  in 
the  union  army  from  1861  to  1865,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  colonel  and  brevet  briga 
dier-general.  He  was  appointed  assistant 
city  auditor  in  1865;  and  also  elected  a 
member  of  the  state  house  of  representa 
tives  for  the  term  of  two  years.  He  was 
elected  state  senator  in  1871.  He  was 
lieutenant-go\ernor  in  1875;  and  in  1877 
became  governor  by  the  election  of  R.  B. 
Hayes  to  the  presidency.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a 
republican.  He  died  July  20,  1888,  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

YOUNG,  TIMOTHY  R.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  a 
representative  in  congress  from  Illinois 
from  1849  to  1851. 

YOUNG,  VAN  B.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  in  1836  in  Bath  county,  Ky.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Kentucky  legislature; 
and  in  1890  was  judge  of  the  superior 
court.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1892,  in  Frank 
fort,  Ky. 

YOUNG,  VIRGINIA  D.,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Marion,  S.  C.  She  has 
been  state  secretary  of  the  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  union  of  South 
Carolina;  honorable  secretary  of  the  Wo 
man's  International  union;  and  president 
of  the  Equal  Rights  association  of  South 
Carolina.  She  is  associate  editor  of  the 
•Varnville  Enterprise  of  Fairfax,  S.  C.; 
and  the  author  of  two  novels  entitled  A 
Tower  in  the  Desert;  and  Beholding  As 
In  A  Glass. 

YOUNG,  WILLIAM,  dramatist,  poet, 
was  born  in  1847  in  Illinois.  He  is  a 
dramatist  of  note  whose  plays  include 
Pendragon;  The  Rajah;  Jonquil;  The 
Rogue's  March;  Ganelon;  Joan  of  Arc; 
If  I  Were  You;  Young  America;  and  The 
House  of  Mauprat.  He  has  also  written 
Wishmakers'  Town,  a  volume  of  verse. 

YOUNG.  WILLIAM  A.,  merchant,  con 
gressman,  was  born  May  17,  1860,  in  Nor 
folk,  Va.  He  was  elected  from  Norfolk 
City,  Va.,  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a 
democrat. 

YOUNG,  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRI 
SON  HUTCHINSON,  soldier,  journalist, 
lawyer,  inventor,  was  born  May  4,  1819, 
in  Amherst,  N.  Y.  Since  the  war  Colonel 
Young  has  practiced  law  in  Washington. 
He  and  his  wife  founded  the  New  York 
Volunteer  institute,  a  school  in  which 


they  educated  nine  hundred  soldiers'  or 
phans  at  their  own  expense.     He  has  in 
vented  and  patented  an  artificial  stone. 

YOUNG,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  was  born 
Nov.  8,  1842,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  During 
1873-91  he  has  been  consecutively  cashier, 
vice-president  and  president  of  the  Oil 
City  Trust  company  of  Oil  City,  Pa.;  and 
since  1890  has  been  the  vice-president, 
general  manager  and  treasurer  of  the  For 
est  Oil  company  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  the 
largest  oil  producing  corporation  in  the 
state  of  Pennsylvania,  with  a  capital  of 
five  and  a  half  millions.  Since  1893  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Washington  Oil 
company,  and  also  since  1893  has  been 
president  of  the  Taylorstown  Natural  Gas 
company.  He  is  prominent  in  the  public 
affairs  of  Pittsburg,  and  a  member  of 
several  fraternal  orders. 

YOUNG,  WILLIAM  S.,  congressman, 
was  born  in  Nelson  county,  Ky.  He  was 
a  representative  in  congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1825  to  1827. 

YULEE,  DAVID  LEVY,  agriculturist, 
congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  in  1811  in  West  Indies.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  congress  from  the  territory  of 
Florida  from  1841  to  1845,  bearing  the 
name  Levy;  and  as  Yulee  was  a  delegate 
to  the  convention  which  formed  the  state 
constitution.  He  was  elected  a  senator  in 
congress  in  1845,  where  he  continued  until 
1861.  He  died  Oct.  10,  1886,  in  New  York 
city. 

YUTZY,  JACOB,  educator,  clergyman, 
author,  was  born  May  24,  1847,  in  Salis 
bury,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Roanoke  college,  Virginia;  the  Penn 
sylvania  college,  and  the  Theological 
seminary  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.  Since  1882 
he  has  been  pastor  of  the  University 
church  of  Selinsgrove,  Pa.  During  1892- 
94  he  was  president  of  the  Susquehanna 
Synod,  Lutheran.  During  1882-92  he  was 
professor  of  Hebrew,  moral  science,  and 
church  history  in  the  Susquehanna  uni 
versity;  and  the  four  years  following 
filled  the  same  chair  with  the  addition  of 
Greek  and  German.  This  successful  pro 
fessor  of  Semitic  languages,  Hebrew,  Ara 
bic,  and  Syraic,  and  of  systematic  divini 
ty,  is  the  author  of  A  Sermon  on  Luther; 
History  of  the  University  Church  of  Se 
linsgrove;  and  other  works. 

ZABRISKIE,  ABRAHAM  OOTHOUT, 
lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  was  born 
June  10,  1807,  in  Greenbush  (now  East 
Albany),  N.  Y.  Removing  to  Jersey  City 
he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  and 
took  an  important  part  in  framing  the 
city  charter  of  1851  and  in  other  legisla 
tion.  He  became  chancellor  of  New  Jer 
sey  in  1866.  He  died  June  27,  1873.  in 
Truckee,  Cal. 

ZABRISKIE,  ANDREW  CHRISTIAN, 
soldier,  capitalist,  author,  was  born  May 
30,  1853,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  the 
donor  of  a  handsome  bronze  trophy,  which 
is  annually  shot  for  by  the  various  com 
panies  of  the  seventy-first  regiment  and 
is  known  as  the  Zabriskie  Trophy.  Of 
the  Bergen  Turnpike  company,  an  ancient 
and  powerful  New  Jersey  corporation,  he 
is  president.  His  contributions  to  litera 
ture  have  been  mostly  of  an  historical 
character,  and  embrace  a  Descriptive  Cat 
alogue  of  the  Medals  Struck  in  Honor  of 
Abraham  Lincoln. 

ZABRISKIE,  FRANCIS  NICOLL,  cler 
gyman,  author,  was  born  in  1832  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  Dutch  reformed  clergy 
man;  and  the  author  of  Golden  Fruit 
from  Bible  Trees;  The  Story  of  a  Soul; 
Behold  a  Ladder;  and  Life  of  Horace 
Greeley.  He  died  in  1891. 


HERRINGSHAW'S    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OP    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


104B 


ZACHOS,  JOHN  CELIVERGOS,  educa 
tor,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20, 
1S20,  in  Turkey.  He  was  a  Unitarian  cler 
gy  man  .and  educator;  and  the  author  of 
New  American  Speaker;  Analytical  Edu 
cator;  and  Phonic  Primer. 

ZAHM,  JOHN  AUGUSTINE,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  in  1851  in  Ohio. 
He  is  a  Roman  catholic  clergyman,  procu 
rator-general  of  the  congregation  of  the 
Holy  Cross,  now  living  at  Rome;  and  the 
author  of  Evolution  and  Dogma;  Bible, 
Science  and  Faith;  Sound  and  Music;  and 
Catholic  Science  and  Scientists. 

ZAKRZEWSKA,  MARIA  ELIZABETH, 
physician,  philanthropist,  was  born  Sept. 
6,  1829,  in  Prussia.  With  Elizabeth  and 
Emily  Blackwell  she  established  the  New 
York  infirmary,  which  she  superintended 
two  years,  as  resident  physician  and  man 
ager.  After  her  removal  to  Boston  in 
1863  she  founded  the  New  England  Hos 
pital  for  Women  and  Children. 

ZALINSKI,  EDMUND  LOUIS  GRAY, 
soldier,  inventor,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1849, 
in  Poland.  He  served  in  the  civil  war, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  captain;  and 
has  invented  the  pneumatic  dynamite  gun. 

ZANE,  CHARLES  S.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
was  born  March  2,  1831,  in  Tuckahoe,  N. 
J.  In  June,  1873,  he  was  elected  circuit 
judge  for  the  fifth  judicial  circuit  of  Illi 
nois  for  a  term  of  six  years;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1879.  In  1884  he  was  appointed 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
territory  of  Utah. 

ZAVALA,  LORENZO  DE,  Texan  pa 
triot,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1789.  In  1822  he 
was  elected  to  the  first  Mexican  congress; 
and  in  1827-30  was  governor  of  the  state 
of  Mexico.  He  died  Nov.  1,  1836,  in  Zava- 
la  county,  Tex. 

ZEISBERGER,  DAVID,  missionary,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  11.  1721,  in  Moravia. 
He  was  a  noted  missionary  of  the  Mora 
vians  in  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio;  and  the 
author  of  Delaware  and  English  Spelling- 
Book;  Sermons  for  Children;  Dictionary 
in  German  and  Delaware;  and  Essay 
Toward  an  Onondaga  Grammar.  In  1888 
his  Diary  from  1781  to  1798,  including  the 
narrative  of  his  eventful  life  among  the 
Indians  of  Ohio,  was  translated  from  the 
original  manuscript  in  German  by  Eugene 
Bliss,  and  for  the  first  time  published. 
He  died  Nov.  17,  1808,  in  Goshen,  Ohio. 

ZELLHOEFER,  AUGUST  CARL,  cler 
gyman,  was  born  March  20,  1860,  in  Rome, 
Wis.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  the  Morgan  Park  sem 
inary,  Illinois.  In  1872  he  moved  to  Iowa; 
was  first  connected  with  the  Evangelical 
association,  and  united  with  the  baptist 
church  in  1884.  In  1892  he  became  district 
missionary  for  northwestern  Iowa. 

ZENOR,  WILLIAM  T.,  lawyer,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  April  30,  1846,  in 
Harrison  township.  In  1871  he  moved  to 
Leavenworth,  Ind., 
where  he  established 
a  successful  practice, 
and  was  appointed 
prosecuting  attorney 
for  the  district, 
which  office  he  held 
by  this  appointment 
and  two  succeeding 
elections  till  1882.  In 
1884  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  judicial 
circuit  without  oppo 
sition;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1890.  He  was  elected  to  the 


fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat.  He  is 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Indiana  at 
Corydon. 

ZENOS, ANDREW  CONSTANTINIDES, 
clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  in 
1855  in  Turkey.  He  is  a  presbyterian 
clergyman,  professor  of  biblical  theology 
in  McCormick  Theological  seminary,  Chi 
cago,  from  1891;  and  the  author  of  The 
Elements  of  the  Higher  Criticism;  and 
Compendium  of  Church  History. 

ZERRAHN,  CARL,  musician,  was  born 
July  28,  1826,  in  Germany.  In  1854  he  be 
came  musical  director  of  the  Handel  and 
Haydn  society  of  Boston,  which  post  he 
now  holds.  He  has  edited  two  books  de 
signed  for  musical  organizations,  The  In 
dex,  and  The  Apograph. 

ZEUNER.  CHARLES,  musician,  com 
poser,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1795,  in  Saxony. 
In  1854  he  settled  in  Philadelphia,  where 
he  held  various  posts  as  organist.  His 
oratorio,  The  Feast  of  Tabernacles,  was 
published  in  1832.  He  issued  also  some 
collections  of  music,  notably  The  Ameri 
can  Harp;  and  Ancient  Lyre.  He  died 
Nov.  7,  1857,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ZIEGLER,  HENRY,  educator,  clergy 
man,  author,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1816,  near 
Old  Fort  Center  county,  Pa.  He  is  a  lu- 
theran  clergyman  in  Selinsgrove,  Pa.; 
and  the  author  of  Natural  Theology;  Apo 
logetic  Theology;  Catechetics;  The  Pas 
tor;  The  Preacher;  Dogmatic  Theology; 
and  The  Value  to  the  Lutheran  Church  of 
Her  Confessions. 

ZIEGLER,  WILLIAM,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Sept.  1,  1843,  in  Beaver  county, 
Pa.  In  1870  he  organized  the  Royal  Chem 
ical  company,  and  began  the  manufacture 
of  baking  powder,  and  in  1873  incorpo 
rated  the  Royal  Baking  Powder  company 
in  New  York  city.  He  came  into  great 
prominence  in  Brooklyn  a  few  years  ago 
by  his  long  and  successful  fight  to  prevent 
the  extravagant  purchase  of  the  Long  Is 
land  Water  Supply  company  by  the  city. 
He  saved  the  city  $1,500,000.  He  has  been 
twice  offered  the  mayoralty  of  Brooklyn 
by  the  republicans. 

ZILLIOX,  JAMES,  Roman  catholic  pre 
late,  author,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1849,  in 
Newark,  N.  J.  In  1885  he  was  elected 
abbot  of  the  newly  established  abbey  at 
St.  Mary's  church  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  which 
place  failing  health  compelled  him  to  re 
sign  a  year  later.  He  is  the  author  of 
Album  Benedictinum. 

ZIMMERMAN,  CHARLES  FREDER 
ICK  AUGUST,  educator,  artist,  was  born 
July  21,  1848,  in  Prussia.  He  moved  to 

Milwaukee    in    1856; 

attended  the  public 
schools  of  that  city; 
and  the  State  Nor 
mal  school  of  Platte- 
ville,  Wis.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of 
Ph.  B.  from  the  Illi 
nois  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  and  the  de 
gree  of  M.  A.  from 
Charles  City  college, 
Iowa.  He  has  at 
tained  success  in  ed 
ucational  work;  has  taught  drawing,  his 
tory,  geography,  German  and  English  in 
several  leading  colleges;  and  is  now  prin 
cipal  of  the  public  schools  of  Milwaukee, 
Wis.  He  has  lectured  on  drawing  and 
historic  ornament  before  teachers'  insti 
tutes;  is  the  author  and  editor  of  Art 
Studies;  an'd  is  deeply  interested  in  art 
and  industrial  education. 


ZIMMERMANN,  JOSEPH,  legislator, 
jurist,  editor,  was  born  June  19,  1851,  in 
Germany.  In  1866  he  emigrated  to  Amer 
ica.  During  1883-91 
he  was  president  of 
the  board  of  educa 
tion  of  Fremont, 
Ohio;  during  1886-90 
he  served  with  dis 
tinction  for  two 
terms  as  state  sena 
tor  in  the  Ohio  leg 
islature  from  the 
thirtieth  district  of 
Ohio;  and  in  1891  he 
was  probate  judge  of 
his  county.  He  has 
contributed  extensively  to  current  litera 
ture;  and  is  the  editor  and  correspondent 
of  several  leading  German  newspapers. 

ZIMMERMANN,  L.  M.,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1863,  in  Man 
chester,  Md.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  Pennsylvania 
college  at  Gettys 
burg,  Pa.  He  has 
attained  success  as 
an  eminent  clergy 
man,  and  for  the 
past  ten  years  has 
been  pastor  of  the 
Christ  English  Lu 
theran  church  of 
Baltimore,  Md.  He 
is  the  author  of  How 
to  Be  Happy  When 
Married;  Pearls  of 
Comfort  from  Tennyson's  In  Memoriam; 
The  Little  Grave;  Daily  Bread  for  Daily 
Hunger;  Sunshine;  Paths  That  Cross; 
and  other  works.  Paths  That  Cross  is  full 
of  deep  thought  and  study;  is  a  master 
piece  and  teaches  a  multitude  of  good 
lessons. 

ZOGBAUM,  RUFUS  FAIRCHILD,  art 
ist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1849,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  is  an  artist  of  New 
York  city;  and  the  author  of  Horse,  Foot, 
and  Dragoons,  or  Sketches  of  Army  Life. 

ZOLLARS,   ALLEN,   lawyer,   legislator, 
jurist,  was  born  in  Licking  county,  Ohio. 
In   1864   he   graduated  from  the   Denison 
university    of    Gran- 
^^Pm^  ville,  Ohio,  receiving 

^•j)  the  degree  of  A.  B.; 

and  subsequently  re- 
—  t      ceived  from  the  same 
institution     the     de 
grees   of   A.    M.    and 

^B|  >^Jb  LL-  D-  In  1866  he 
"  was  admitted  to  the 
'iar'  having  received 
the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
from  the  university 
of  Michigan;  and  he 
has  since  attained 

eminence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  Indiana  at  Fort  Wayne.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
state  legislature;  and  in  1882  was  elected 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Indiana; 
and  his  written  opinions  show  great  re 
search,  industry  and  care. 

ZOLLARS,  ELY  VAUGHAN,  educator, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
19,  1847,  near  Lower  Salem,  Ohio.  He 
has  been  adjunct  professor  of  ancient  lan 
guages  in  Bethany  college;  president  of 
the  Kentucky  Classical  and  Business  col 
lege;  pastor  of  the  church  of  Christ  of 
Springfield,  111.;  and  since  1888  has  been 
president  of  the  Hiram  college,  Ohio,  of 
which  institution  President  Garfield  was 
president.  He  has  received  the  degrees  of 
A,  M.  and  LL.  D. ;  and  is  the  author  of 
Bible  Geography;  Holy  Book  and  Sa 
cred  Day;  The  Great  Salvation;  and 
other  works. 


1046 


HERRINGSHAWS    ENCYCLOPEDIA     OF    AMERICAN    BIOGRAPHY. 


ZOLLICOFFER,  FELIX  KIRK,  soldier, 
journalist,  congressman,  was  born  May  19, 
1812,  in  Maury  county,  Tenn.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  from 
Tennessee  in  1853,  where  he  continued 
until  the  close  of  the  thirty-fifth  congress. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  peace  congress 
of  1861;  and  subsequently  joined  the  great 
rebellion,  and  served  as  a  general  of  vol 
unteers.  He  died  Jan.  19,  1862,  near  Mill 
Springs,  Ky. 

ZORCHER,  PHILIP,  journalist,  legisla 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  1,  1866,  in  Tell  City, 
Ind.  In  1889-91  he  served  as  a  represen 
tative  in  the  general  assembly  of  the  In 
diana  state  legislature.  In  1892  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention;  and  in  1893  was  appointed  post 
master  of  his  native  city.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  to  current  literature; 


and  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Tell 
City  News. 

ZUBLY,  JOHN  JOACHIM,  clergyman, 
congressman,  author,  was  born  Aug.  27, 
1724,  in  Switzerland.  He  was  a  doctor  of 
divinity,  and  preached  in  the  German, 
English,  and  French  languages.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  presidential  congress; 
and  was  elected  as  a  delegate  to  the  con 
tinental  congress  in  1775.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  The  Real  Christian's  Hope  in 
Death;  Sermon  on  the  Repeal  of  the 
Stamp  Act;  An  Humble  Inquiry  into  the 
Nature  of  the  Dependency  of  the  Ameri 
can  Colonies  upon  the  Parliament  of  Great 
Britain;  and  The  Law  of  Liberty:  a  Ser 
mon  on  American  Affairs.  He  died  July 
23,  1781,  in  Savannah,  Ga. 

ZULICK,  C.  MEYER,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  governor,  was  born  June  3,  1839, 


in  Easton,  Pa.  He  entered  the  union 
army  as  adjutant  of  the  second  regiment 
District  of  Columbia  volunteers;  rose  to 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  was 
honorably  mustered  out  of  the  service.  He 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Newark,  N. 
J. ;  and  was  appointed  collector  of  internal 
revenue  for  the  fifth  district  of  New  Jer 
sey.  In  1879  he  was  elected  surrogate 
judge  of  Essex  county;  and  in  1885  was 
appointed  governor  of  the  territory  of 
Arizona,  which  office  he  filled  with  great 
distinction. 

ZUNDEL,  JOHN,  organist,  author,  was 
born  in  1815  in  Germany.    He  was  a  musi-^ 
cian,  organist  of  Plymouth  church,  Brook-' 
lyn,  in  1850-78;    and  the  author  of  Modern 
Organ    School;     The   Amateur    Organist; 
and  Treatise  on  Harmony  and  Modulation. 
He  died  in  1882. 


ADDENDA. 


ALFRED  FRANK  EDWARD,  lawyer, 
jurist,  was  born  Feb.  25,  1853,  in  Fairfax, 
Vt.  He  was  educated  at  the  New  Hamp 
ton  Institute;  and  in  1876  graduated 
1'rom  Harvard  Law  School.  For  four 
years  he  was  states  attorney  for  Orleans 
County,  Vt. ;  for  six  years  was  Judge 
Advocate-General  for  the  State  of  Ver 
mont  ;  and  since  1893  has  been  Judge  or 
Probate  for  Orleans  District,  with  head 
quarters  at  Newport,  Vt.  He  is  also 
counsel  in  Vermont  for  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway  Company,  the  Dominion 
Express  Company,  and  various  other 
corporations. 

BALDRIGE.  HOWARD  HAMMOND, 
lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  Juno  26, 
1864,  in  Holidaysburg,  Pa.  In  1884  he 
graduated  from  Bucknell  College  with  the 
degree  of  A.  M.;  and  took  a  law  course 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Since 
1887  he  has  practiced  law  in  Omaha. 
Neb.;  was  assistant  United  States  Ar- 
torney  for  Nebraska  in  1889-94;  and  in 
1894-98  was  district  attorney  of  Douglas 
Cor.ntv.  since  1900  he  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Nebraska  State  Senate:  and 
has  filled  various  others  positions  of  trust 
and  honor. 

HARTLEY.  ELIAS  HUDSON,  educator, 
chemist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  0,  1849, 
in  Hartley,  Morris  County,  N.  .T.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Princeton  High  School, 
Illinois ;  and  in  1873  graduated  from  Cor 
nell  University.  In  1875-78  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  at  Swarthmore  Col 
lege.  In  1880-86  he  was  instructor  in 
chemistry,  and  in  188fi-91  was  professor 
of  chemistry  at  the  Long  Island  College 
Hospital:  and  since  1891  professor  of 
chemistry,  toxicology  and  pediatrics  in 
that  institution.  In  1892-1902  he  was 
dean  and  professor  of  organic  chemistry 
at  the  Brooklyn  College  Pharmacy;  and 
is  visiting  physician  to  the  Sheltering 
Arms  Nursery  and  other  institutions.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  American  Soci 
ety  of  Public  Analysts;  and  is  a  member 
of  the  leading  medical  and  scientific  so 
cieties  of;  America.  He  is  the  author  of 
Textbook  of  Medical  and  Pharmaceutical 
Chemistry;  and  Manual  of  Clinical  Chem 
istry. 

BARTOL,  WILLIAM  CYRUS,  educator, 
astronomist.  author,  was  born  Nov.  24, 
1847  in  Huntingdon,  Pa.  Tn  1872  he 
graduated  from  Bucknell  University:  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  M.  A. 
from  that  institution;  and  subsequently 
received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  In  1872-73 
he  taught  mathematics  in  the  Academy  of 
Salisbury.  Conn.;  in  1874-75  was  principal 
of  the  public  schools  at  Centre  Hall,  Pa.: 
in  1875-76  was  principal  of  the  public 
school  at  Union  Grove,  Wis.:  and  in 
1876-77  of  the  Huntingdon  Academy.  In 
1S77-S1  he  was  professor  of  mathematics 
in  the  Pennsylvania  State  Normal  School : 
and  Kiuce  1881  has  been  professor  of 
mathematics  and  astronomy  in  the  Buck 
nell  University  at  Lewislmrg.  Pa.  In 
1887  ho  superintended  the  erection  of  the 
Bucknell  Astronomical  Observatory,  and 
was  then  made  its  director.  He  is  the 
author  of  Solid  Geometry;  and  numerous 


monographs   on   the   science   of  Perspec 
tive  and   Differential  Calculus. 

BATES,  LINDON  WALLACE,  civil  en 
gineer,  contractor,  scientist,  was  born 
Nov.  19,  1858,  in  Marshfield,  Vt.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Chicago  High  School  and 
Yale  University.  He  has  been  surveyor 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad;  assis 
tant  engineer  of  the  Northern  Pacific  and 
Oregon  Pacific  Railroads;  and  contract 
ing  engineer  or  manager  on  various  rail 
ways,  dock  and  terminal  contracts  in 
Oregon,  Washington,  Montana.  Kansas. 
Missouri.  Illinois,  Louisiana.  California 
and  various  other  states.  He  was  en 
gaged  en  the  Chicago  Drainage  Canal ; 
built  the  mammouth  dredge  Beta  for  the 
United  States  government:  and  in  1896- 
1902  was  retained  by  the  Belgium  govern 
ment  to  prepare  reports  and  projects  for 
i^e  improvement  of  .the  Port  of  Antwerp. 
He  has  been  engaged  by  the  Suez  Canal 
Comnany.  by  the  Russian  government,  by 
th"  Queensland  government:  and  in  col 
laboration  with  leading  eneineers  pre 
pared  a  scheme  for  the  improvement  of 
th«  Port  of  Shanghai.  He  maintains 
offiCPs  in  New  York  City  and  in  London, 
T^mdand:  and  in  1900  received  the  Grand 
Prix  and  decoration  from  the  French 
government  for  distinguished  services  to 
science. 

BECK,  CARL,  physician,  surgeon,  auth- ' 
or.  was  born  April  4  185fi,  in  Neckarge- 
nieund,  Germany.  He  was  educated  in 
Germany:  attended  Heidelburg  College; 
nnd  in  1878  graduated  from  the  Univers 
ity  of  Jena.  Germany.  He  has  been 
professor  of  surgery  in  the  New  York 
School  of  Clinical  Medicine:  visiting  sur 
geon  to  the  West  Side  German  Dispen 
sary;  and  Consulting  Surgeon  to  the 
H.  S.  G.  Society  Orphan  Asylum.  He  is 
now  president  of  St.  Mark's  Hosnital : 
president  Society  of  Medical  Jurispru 
dence:  and  president  Union  of  Old  Ger 
man  University  Students.  He  is  promi 
nent  in  his  profession  in  New  York  City: 
and  is  a  member  of  all  the  principal 
medical  and  scientific  societies  of  Europe 
and  America.  He  is  the  author  of  Man 
ual  of  Surgical  Asepsis:  Text-Book  of 
Fractures;  and  other  medical  works. 

BOATNER,  FRANKLIN  PIERCE,  phy 
sician,  surgeon,  was  born  April  6.  1852. 
near  Cornersville,  Tippah  County,  Miss. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools;,  and  received 
his  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  University 
of  Medicine  at  Louisville,  Ky.  He  is  local 
surgeon  to  the  K.  C.  M.  and  B.  Railroad: 
and  medical  examiner  for  the  Fidelity. 
Mutual  Life  Philadelphia,  New  York 
Life,  Home  Life  of  New  York.  Washing 
ton  Life,  Mutual  Life  of  Kentucky  and 
other  insurance  companies,  as  well  as 
The  Chicago  Guaranty  Fund  Life  Society 
of  Chicago,  and  the  Iron  Chain  and  Bank 
ers'  Union.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Association  of  Life  Insurance 
Examining  Surgeons.  Tri-State  Medical 
Society  of  Arkansas,  Mississippi  and 
Tennessee;  and  is  now  president  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  Marshall  County,  and 
a  member  of  the  State  Medical  Associa 


tion  of  Mississippi.  He  is  a  son  of  Jef 
ferson  D.  Boatmr.  and  a  grandson  of 
John  W.  Eoatner,  who  was  a  pioneer 
settler  of  Tippah  County,  a  planter  of 
note  and  for  several  terms  a  member  of 
the  Mississippi  State  Legislature. 

BRADLEY,  DAN  FREEMAN,  educator, 
clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
March  17,  1857.  in  Bangkok,  Siam,  of 
American  parents.  In  1885  he  was  or 
dained  to  the  Congregational  ministry: 
and  in  1892-1902  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Congregational  Church  of  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.  In  1889-92  he  was  acting  presi 
dent  of  Yankton  College;  and  since  1902 
he  has  been  president  of  Iowa  College. 

BRANDENBURG,  FREDERICK  D., 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Feb.  26. 
1862,  in  Pittston,  Pa.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Wyoming  Seminary  of  Kingston, 
Pa.  He  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B. 
and  A.  M.  from  the  Lafayette  College  of 
Easton,  Pa.;  and  in  1885  received  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  Bellevue  Hospi 
tal  Medical  College  of  New  York  City. 
In  188G  he  took  a  post-graduate  course 
m  the  New  York  Polyclinic.  In  1890-92 
he  was  house  surgeon  at  the  Woman's 
Hospital  of  New  York  City;  and  !.n  1892- 
95  was  professor  of  Gynaecology  in  the 
medical  department  of  the  Western  Re 
serve  University  of  Cleveland.  Ohio;  and 
also  GVnaeeologist  to  the  Charity,  City. 
Lakeside  and  German  hospitals  of  that 
city.  He  now  practices  his  profession  in 
Mankato,  Minn.;  and  is  surgeon  to  the 
St.  Joseph's  Hospital.  He  is  medical  ex 
aminer  of  the  Phoenix  Mutual  of  Hart 
ford,  Union  Central  of  Cincinnati.  Union 
Mutual  of  Portland.  Me.;  Fidelity  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  Germania.  Home 
and  Washington  Life  Insurance  Com 
panies  of  New  York.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association ;  and 
Fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of  Med- 
'  icine. 

BRTDGMAN.  HERBERT  LAW 
RENCE,  journalist,  historian,  explorer, 
was  born  May  30,  1844,  in  Amherst.  Mass. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools;  in  18GG  grad 
uated  from  Amherst  College;  and  in  1869 
received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  Since  ISfi) 
he  has  been  a  journalist;  and  resides  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  is  secretary  of  the 
Peary  Arctic  Club;  treasurer  of  the  Arc 
tic  Club;  and  a  founder  of  the  American 
Alpine  Club.  In  18!)4  he  was  historian  of 
the  Peary  Auxiliary  Expedition;  and  in 
assisted  Prof.  Libbey  in  scaling 
Encantada,  N.  M.  In  1899  he  was  in 
command  of  the  Peary  auxiliary  expedi 
tions  on  the  steamship  Diana;  and  in 
1901  on  the  steamship  Erik.  He  is  n 
member  of  the  American,  Royal,  National 
and  Philadelphia  Georgraphical  societies. 
BROWN,  ORLAND  .!..  physician,  sur 
geon,  legislator.  Ho  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  New  Eng 
land;  in  1870  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  from  the  University  of  Vermont; 
and  took  a  post-graduate  course  in  New 
York  City.  He  has  attained  success  in 
his  profession  at  Nofth  Adams.  Mass.: 
has  been  health  officer  of  his  city;  and 


API  >KNPA 


in  1889  served  with  distinction  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Legisla 
ture.  He  lias  been  Lieutenant-Colonel 
and  Surgeon  in  the  Massachusetts  Volun 
teer  Militia,  now  retired.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Berkshire  District  Medi 
cal  Society;  president  of  the  Medical  As 
sociation  of  North  Berkshire;  State  Medi 
cal  Examiner  for  Berkshire  County;  and 
has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust 
and  honor.  He  is  medical  examiner  for 
the  Connecticut  Mutual.  Penn  Mutual  and 
New  York  Life  Insurance  Companies;  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Association  of  Mili 
tary  Surgeons  of  the  United  States,  and 
various  oilier  medical  and  scientific  socie 
ties. 

BRUNDAGE,  ALBERT  HARRISON, 
physician,  lecturer,  toxicologist.  author. 
was  born  March  3,  18G2.  in  Candor,  N.  Y. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Montclair  and  Newark.  N.  J. ; 
::raduated  from  the  New  York  University 
Medical  College  and  from  the  Brooklyn 
College  of  Pharmacy;  and  has  received 
the  degrees  of  M.  D.,  Phar.  D.  and  A.  M 
Hi  has  been  professor  of  toxicology  and 
physiology  at  the  Brooklyn  College  Phar 
macy  and  at  the  Rhode  Island  College  of 
Pharmacy  and  .Allied  Sciences.  In  1897 
he  was  -the  official  commissioner  repre 
senting  Brooklyn  at  the  Tennessee  Cen 
tennial.  In  1897  he  became  a  honorary 
life  member  of  the  New  York  State  Phar 
maceutical  Association,  and  was  presi- 
cleni  of  the  New  York  state  board  of  phar 
macy.  He  was  the  founder  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Brooklyn  Medical  Society, 
and  has  been  president  of  the  Brooklyn 
College  Pharmacy.  He  Is  the  author  of 
A  Manual  of  Toxicology;  Practical  Points 
in  Physiology;  Principal  Facts  Relating 
to  Poisons,  and  other  medical  works. 

BUXTON.  G.  EDWARD,  physician,  sur-- 
geon,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1849,  in  Worces 
ter,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  his  native  city;  attended 
the  Kentucky  University;  in  1872  entered 
the  Harvard  University  Medical  School; 
and  in  1875  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  from  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  New  York  City.  He  then 
took  a  course  at  the  Long  Island  College 
Hospital:  and  for  one  year  was  resi 
dent  physician  and  surgeon  at  St.  Francis 
Hospital  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  then 
studied  in  Dublin.  Ixmdon  and  Paris;  and 
in  is?:'  beiran  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  where  he  was  also 
adjunct  professor  of  obstetrics  in  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of 
Kansas  City.  He  again  studied  abroad 
in  1S83:  and  on  his  return  practiced  at 
Taut ucket  until  poor  health  in  the  fam 
ily  made  his  residence  in  California  nec 
essary,  where  he  followed  his  profes- 
sional  duties  for  a  number  of  years  in 
San  Diego.  For  the  past  ten  years  he  has 
practiced  his  profession  in  Providence. 
R.  I.  Me  has  been  president  of  the  San 
Diego  Medical  Society;  is  a  member  of 
the  leading  medical  societies  of  America; 
is  a  prominent  Mason  and  Knight  Temp 
lar,  past  chancellor  commander  in  the 
Kniuhts  of  \'\  i  bias,  and  a  member  of  vari 
ous  other  fraternal  orders. 

CHAMHKKl.AIN.  GEORGE  EARI.E, 
lawyer,  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
.Tan.  1.  1ST,  1.  t>''ar  Natchez,  Miss.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Natchez  Institute:  and  In 
187(5  graduated  from  the  Washington  and 
I  .  e  University  with  the  degrees  of  A.  B. 
and  H.  L.  In  1880  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Oregon  Legislature;  in  1884-86  was 
district  attorney  for  the  third  judicial 
district  of  Oregon;  in  1891-94  was  attor 


ney-general  of  the  state;  and  in  1900-02 
was  district  attorney  for  the  fourth  judi 
cial  district  of  Oregon.  In  1902  he  be 
came  governor  of  the  State  of  Oregon 
for  the  term  ending  1907. 

CHENOWETH.  WILLIAM  F.,  physl- 
clan,  surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1865,  in 
Bainbridge,  Ohio.  In  1888  he  graduated 
from  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio  at  Cin 
cinnati.  For  many  years  he  was  success 
fully  engaged  in  his  profession  at  No- 
gales,  Ariz.;  was  health  officer  of  that 
city:  surgeon  to  the  Sonora  and  New 
Mexico  Railroad;  and  for  the  Interna 
tional  Sanitarium.  He  has  been  sanitary 
inspector  in  the  United  States  Marine 
Hospital  Service:  and  medical  examiner 
for  the  leading  insurance  companies  of 
America ;  and  practiced  his  profession  in 
Tampico,  Mexico.  He  has  a  successful 
practice  in  Chicago.  111.;  and  has  contri 
buted  many  articles  to  the  medical  press. 

CLARK,  JOHN  C..  educator,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  May  1,  1857,  in 
Natchez,  Miss.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Alcorn  College  of  Mississippi:  and  in 
1899  graduated  from  the  National  Medi 
cal  University  of  Chicago,  111.  For  ten 
years  he  taught  in  the  public  schools  of 
Mississippi  and  Louisiana;  was  a  clerk 
in  the  postoffice  department  at  New  Or 
leans.  La.;  and  in  1890  was  chairman  of 
the  Congressional  Committee.  He  is  med 
ical  examiner  for  the  G.  XI.  O.  O.  F..  K. 
of  P.,  Knights  of  Labor  and  other  frater 
nal  organizations;  in  which  he  has  also 
htld  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor 
He  has  a  successful  practice  in  Palestine, 
Texas;  and  is  a  member  of  various  local 
and  national  medical  and  scientific  soci 
eties. 

CLAUSE,  WILLIAM  LEWIS,  manufac 
turer,  director,  president,  was  born  Nov. 
ti,  1858,  in  Homer,  Medina  County.  Ohio. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Akron,  Ohio,  where  he  resided  for 
twenty  years.  Since  1899  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Columbia  Chemical  Com 
pany;  and  is  also  president  of  the  Pitts 
burgh  Plate  Glass  Company.  He  is  a 
director  of  the  Owosso  Sugar  Company  of 
Owosso,  Mich.;  the  Michigan  Chemical 
Company  of  Bay  City,  Mich.:  the  Patton 
Paint  Company  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. ;  the 
Goehring  Manufacturing  Company  of 
Akron,  Ohio;  and  the  Pitcairn  Coal  Com 
pany  and  the  West  Virginia  Coal  Com 
pany.  He  is  prominently  identified  with 
the  public  and  business  affairs  of  Pitts 
burgh.  Pa.;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Alle 
gheny  Country  Club,  and  a  member  of  the 
Edgeworth  Club  of  Sewickley,  Pa.,  where 
he  resides. 

CLAYTON.  MRS.  VICTORIA  VIRGIN 
IA,  author,  was  born  June  10,  1832,  near 
Charleston,  S.  C.  She  was  educated  at. 
Bishop  Elliott's  College  now  called  Christ 
College. -near  Macon,  Ga.  She  has  had 
the  honor  of  having  at  one  time  two  sons 
iu  the  Congress  of  the  United  States, 
one  from  New  York  and  one  from  Ala 
bama.  She  is  the  author  of  White  and 
Black  Under  the  Old  Regime,  the  object 
of  this  book  being  to  show  that  the  peo 
ple  of  the  South  were  Christians  as  well 
as  slaveholders. 

CLYDE,  THOMAS  EDWARD,  soldier, 
treasurer,  banker,  was  born  Aug.  17.  18(10, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  and  High  Schools  of  Chester, 
Ta.  In  18!to  he  was  appointed  Adjutant 
of  the  Sixth  Infantry  in  the  l'<nns\I 
vania  National  Guard;  became  Major  in 
1893:  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  ISIiS. 
serving  as  such  during  the  Spanish- 
American  war.  In  1878  he  became  a 


bank  clerk;  teller  and  assistant  cashier 
in  1886;  and  is  now  cashier  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Chester,  Pa.  He  Is 
manager  of  the  Chester  Clearing  Houw 
Association;  treasurer  of  the  Fenn  Club 
and  Economic  League;  and  a  member  of 
the  Spanish-American  War  Veterans  and 
other  patriotic  societies. 

COLBY,  WILLIAM  IRVING,  educator, 
traveler,  author,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1852. 
in  Warner,  N.  H.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city 
and  graduated  from  the  Chicago  College 
of  Elocution.  Since  1881  he  has  been  -i 
teacher  of  German;  and  is  also  a  pub 
lisher  of  German  text-books  of  New 
York  City.  He  is  the  author  of  Der  Leh- 
rer,  a  German  Reader  and  Conversation 
Book ;  Practical  Synopsis  of  German 
Grammar;  Der  Leitstern.  Key  to  German 
Grammar  and  Literal  Translation  of  Der 
Lehrer. 

COOKE.  EDMUND  VANCE,  lecturer, 
author,  poet,  was  born  June  5,  1866,  in 
Ontario,  Canada.  He  was  educated 
principally  in  the  schools  of  Cleveland. 
Ohio.  He  is  a  platform  lecturer  and  en 
tertainer,  presenting  his  own  writings. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  Patch  of  Pansies: 
Rhymes  to  Be  Read;  and  other  poetical 
works. 

COOLEY.  MORTIMER  ELWYN.  edu 
cator,  mechanical  engineer,  was  born 
March  ?8,  1855,  in  Canandaigua.  N.  Y. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  district  schools:  attended 
Canandaigua  Academy:  and  in  1878 
graduated  from  the  United  States  Naval 
Academy  of  Annapolis,  Md.  In  1879-80 
he  was  in  the  navy  on  cruises  in  the  Med 
iterranean  and  on  the  Atlantic  coast; 
and  in  1881  was  connected  with  the  Bu 
reau  of  Steam  Engineering.  In  1898-99 
he  was  Chief  Engineer  in  the  United 
States  Navy;  in  the  Spanish  American 
war  was  attached  to  the  United  Slates 
steamship  Yosemite;  and  subsequently 
to  the  League  Navy  Yard.  Since  1881 
he  has  been  professor  of  mechanical  en 
gineering  at  the  University  of  Michigan: 
and  is  Dean  of  the  department  of  engi 
neering.  In  1890-91  he  was  president  of 
the  common  council  of  Ann  Arbor.  Mich.: 
in  1903  was  president  of  the  Michigan 
Engineering  Society;  and  has  filled  num 
erous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 
COULTER,  STANLEY,  educator  biolo 
gist  author,  was  born  June  ?.  1855  in 
Ningpo,  China.  He  graduated  from  Han 
over  College,  from  which  institution  he 
received  the  degrees  of  A.  M.  and  Ph.  D. : 
and  he  has  also  studied  in  various  univer 
sities  of  America  and  Europe.  He  has 
held  various  teaching  positions;  and 
since  1887  has  been  professor  of  biology 
and  director  of  the  Biological  Labora 
tories  of  Purdue  Univd  sity.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Indiana  Academy  of  Science 
and  of  the  Western'  Society  of  Natural 
ists.  He  is  the  author  of  Forest  Trees 
of  Indiana:  and  numerous  MOIIOUI 
and  scientific  pamphlets  and  reports. 

CPANKSHAW,  JOHN  HAMILTON  re 
tired  insurance  manager,  was  born  Feb. 
23,  1845,  in  Lancashire.  Kiiglaiid.  Early 
in  life  he  fcoiran  work  in  a  calico  print 
ing  factory;  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  be 
came  foreman  of  the  bleaching  and  fin 
ishing  establishment:  and  three  > 
later  b:  came  manager  of  the  whole  estab 
lishment.  In  1x71  be  became  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  Prudential  Life 
Insurance  Company  in  London:  ami  in 
I  SMI  took  charge  of  the  business  of  the 
Metropolitan  Life  Insurance'  Company  in 
North  Philadelphia.  Pa.  Starting  with  a 


ADDKXnA. 


iii 


force  of  only  seven  men,  within  fifteen 
yi;irs"  time  he  had  five  hundred  men  en- 
gageel  in  his  district  and  a  business  of 
three  hundred  thousand  policy  owner.s. 
In  1895  he  was  appointed  Chief  Super 
visor  of  the  Company  for  the  States  of 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware.  Maryland  and 
Southern  New  Jersey.  He  has  now  re 
tired  from  active  business  and  resides 
in  Norristown,  Pa. 

CULBRETH,  DAVID  MARVEL  REY 
NOLDS,  educator,  physician,  professor 
of  medicine,  author,  was  born  Dec.  4, 
185G,  near  Willow  Grove,  Del.  In  1872- 
77  he  attended  the  Felton  Seminary  of 
the  University  of  Virginia :  in  1878-79 
studied  at  the  Maryland  College  of  Phar 
macy;  in  1882-83  at  the  College  of  Phy 
sicians  and  Surgeons  of  Baltimore,  Md.: 
and  took  three  prizes  and  was  president 
of  the  graduating  class  at  the  Maryland 
College  of  Pharmacy.  Sines  1885  he  has 
been  professor  of  mai,eria  medica,  botany 
and  pharmacognosy  in  the  Medical  Col 
lege  of  Pharmacy;  and  since  1897  has 
filled  the  same  chair  in  the  University 
of  Maryland.  He  has  been  state  com 
missioner  of  practical  chemistry  for  a 
number  of  years;  is  a  member  of  the 
leading  medical  and  scientific  associa 
tions;  and  has  filled  numerous  positions 
of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  the  author  of 
Pharmaceutic  Botany;  and  Materia  Medi 
ca  and  Pharmacology. 

CURRELL.  WILLIAM  SPENSER,  edu 
cator,  lecturer,  was  born  May  13,  1858, 
in  Charleston.  N.  C.  He  was  educated 
at  King's  Mountain  Military  School  of 
Yorkville,  S.  C.;  and  in  1878  graduated 
from  the  Washington  and  Lee  Universi 
ties  of  Lexington,  Va..  from  which  insti 
tution  he  has  received  the  degrees  of  A. 
B.,  B.  P..  M.  A.  and  Ph.  D.  In  1876  he 
took  n  scholarship  in  ancient  languages; 
in  1878  took  a  scholarship  in  modern  lan 
guages:  and  in  1880-82  was  the  first  hold 
er  of  the  Howard  Houston  Fellowship  in 
the  Washington  and  Lee  Universities.  In 
1882-86  he  was  professor  of  English  in  th" 
Hampden-Sidney  College  of  Virginia;  and 
in  1886-95  filled  the  same  chair  in  the 
Davidson  College  of  North  Carolina.  Tn 
1895-99  he  was  professor  of  English  and 
modern  languages  in  the  Washington  and 
Lee  Universities;  and  since  1899  has  been 
professor  of  English  alone  in  that  fnstl- 
tution.  He  has  also  been  lecturer  on 
English  at  summer  schools  and  Chautau- 
quas  in  various  cities. 

DANNAT,  WILLIAM  TURNER,  artist, 
painter,  was  born  July  9,  1853.  in  Hemp- 
stead,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Polytechnic  of  Hanover;  at 
Stuttgart,  Germany;  and  at  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Munich.  In  1883  he  received 
a  medal  at  the  Paris  Salon;  in  1889  be 
came  chevalier  of  the  Legion  of  Honor; 
and  in  1S97  Commander  of  the  Legion  of 
Honor,  the  only  American  artist  who  has 
attained  to  this  grade.  In  1900  he  was 
an  exhibitor  at  the  Paris  Exposition;  and 
has  been  president  of  the  Paris  Society 
of  American  Painters.  He  is  represented 
in  the  Luxembourg  Museum  by  two  pic-  , 
tares.  Woman  in  Red  and  Aragonese 
Smuggler;  in  the  Metropolitan  Museum 
of  N(  w  York  by  two  Portraits;  in  the  Chi 
cago  Art  Institute  by  three  pictures:  and 
in  th<>  r-hihidelphia  Art  Club  by  a  picture 
of  Spanish  Women  and  Smuggler.  He 
makes  his  home  in  Paris,  France;  is 
greatly  interested  in  automobiling;  and 
possesses  a  fine  collect ipn  of  the  Old 
Masters. 

DAY.  FRANK  MILES,  architect,  was 
born  April  5,  1861,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  educated  at  Rittenhouse  Acad 


emy  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  in  1883 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  B.  S.  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  then 
studied  architecture  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania ;  and  for  three  years  at 
tended  the  Science  and  Art  Schools  of 
South  Kensington  and  Royal  Academy  of 
Arts,  both  in  London,  England.  He  has 
lectured  on  architecture  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania;  is  a  member  of  the 
faculty  of  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of 
Fine  Arts;  vice-president  of  the  Ameri 
can  Institute  of  Architects;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  various  other  architectural,  philo 
sophical  and  scientific  societies.  He  is 
senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Frank  Miles 
Day  and  Brother,  architects  of  Philadel 
phia.  Pa.;  and  his  principal  works  are 
Horticultural  Hall,  Crozer  Building,  An 
Club  and  Gymnasium  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  all  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

DIKE,  SAMUEL  WARREN,  clergyman, 
reformer,  was  born  Feb.  13.  1839,  in 
Thompson,  C°nn-  In  1863  he  graduated 
from  Williams  College  with  the  degree 
of  A.  B. ;  and  subsequently  received  the 
elegree  of  LL.  B.  from  that  institution. 
For  two  years  he  attended  Hartford  Semi 
nary:  and  in  1866  graduated  from  the 
Andover  Theological  Seminary.  In  1868- 
82  he  was  pastor  of  Congregational 
churches  at  Randolph  and  Royalton,  Vt.: 
and  since  1881  has  been  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  National  League  for  the 
Protection  of  the  Family.  He  has  lectured 
in  numerous  educational  institutions: 
and  is  a  member  of  several  scientific  so 
cieties.  He  devised  the  Home  Depart 
ment  of  the  Sunday  School,  which  has 
spread  rapidly.  His  writings  led  to  the 
organization  of  the  Divorce  Reform 
League  in  1881.  which  is  now  known  as 
the  National  League  for  the  Protection 
of  the  Family. 

DRISCOLL,  FREDERICK,  journalist, 
newspaper  commissioner,  was  born  July 
31.  1834,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  received 
an  academic  education;  and  in  1858 
moved  to  Minnesota.  In  1860  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Minnesota  State  Legisla 
ture;  in  1867-68  was  secretary  of  the- 
republican  state  central  committee,  and 
was  its  chairman  in  1869-70.  In  1890  he 
was  president  of  the  St.  Paul  Chamber  or 
Commerce.  Since  1892  he  has  been  a 
director  in  the  Associated  Press;  a  direc 
tor  of  the  American  Newspaper  Publish 
er's  Association  since  1894.  and  since 
1900  has  been  commissioner  of  that  cor 
poration.  For  thirty-six  years  he  was 
general  manager  of  the  Pioneer  Press 
Company,  and  has  had  a  varied  and  ac 
tive  career  in  journalism. 

DRISCOLL,  WILLIAM  EDGAR,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1858,  in 
Muncie.  Ind.  In  1882  he  graduated  from 
Purdue  University  with  the  degree  of  B. 
S. ;  and  in  1886  from  the  Medical  College 
of  Ohio  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  He 
subsequently  graduated  from  a  post- 
uraduate  course  at  the  Me>dical  School 
and  Hospital  of  Chicago.  111.  He  has  at 
tained  success  in  his  profession  in  Ge>lel- 
field  and  Cripple  Creek,  Colo.;  in  1893 
was  a  delegate  to  the  first  Pan-American 
Medical  Congress  at  Washington,  D.  C. ; 
and  is  now  county  physician  of  Teller 
County,  Colo.  He  is  medical  examiner 
for  the  National  Lite  Insurance  Company 
of  Chicago,  the  Germania  Life  Insur- 
ance  Company  r.nd  numerous  other  life 
;;n.l  fraternal  insurance  companies.  He: 
h-  railroad  surgeon  for  the  Colorado 
Southern.  Colorado  Springs  and  Cripple; 
Creek  District,  and  Florence  and  Cripple 
Creek  Railroads.  He  is  a  member  of  the- 


hailing  medical  associations  anel  fra 
ternal  societies.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
monograph  entitleel  A  Mild  Epidemic  of 
Smallpox;  anel  other  valuable  contribu 
tions  to  medical  literature. 

DUNSCOMB,  SAMUEL  WHITNEY, 
lawyer,  author,  was  born  January  11, 
1868,  in  New  York  City.  In  1888  he  grad 
uated  from  the  College  City  of  New- 
York,  and  was  valedictorian  of  his  class. 
He  also  graduated  from  the  Columbia 
University,  and  receiveei  the  degrees  of 
A.  M.,  LL.  B.  and  Ph.  D.  from  that  insti 
tution  of  learning.  In  1890-93  he  was 
Seligman  fellow  in  political  science  and 
a  student  in  the  School  of  Law  of  Co 
lumbia  University.  Since  1893  he  has 
been  in  general  practice  in  corporation 
and  Commercial  law;  and  since  1899  has 
been  attorney  in  the  law  department  of 
the  Title  Guarantee  and  Trust  Company 
of  New  York  City.  He  resides  in  Yonkt  rs. 
N.  Y..  and  maintains  a  law  office  in  New 
York  City.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Amer 
ican  Bar  Association,  American  Academy 
of  Political  anei  Social  Science.  American 
Geographical  Society  and  various  other 
scientific  associations.  He  is  the  author 
of  Bankruptcy,  a  Study  in  Comparative 
Legislation;  anel  a  contributor  to  legal 
and  economical  journals. 

EARLE.  FRANK  BRECKINRIDGE, 
physician,  surgeon,  professor  of  Obste 
trics,  was  born  October  22.  1860,  in  Illi 
nois.  He  was  educated  at  the  Waukegan 
High  School:  and  in  1885  graduated  from 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  Chicago,  111.  He  has  attained  success 
in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Chicago. 
111.;  is  an  eminent  obstetrician:  and 
makes  a  specialty  in  diseases  of  children. 
He  is  professor  of  obstetrics  in  the  Col 
lege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  profes 
sor  of  pediatrics  and  obstetrics  in  the 
Chicago  Clinical  School;  obstetrician  to 
the  Cook  County  Hospital:  and  attenellng 
physician  to  the  Home  for  Crippleel 
Children.  He  is  a  medical  examiner  for 
the  Michigan  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
Company,  and  for  the  Equitable  Life 
Insurance  Company  of  Iowa.  He'  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Asso 
ciation;  a  member  of  the  Illinois  State, 
Chicago  and  Gynaecological,  Palhe>Iogical 
and  Medico-Legal  Societies;  and  a  fellow 
of  the  American  Association  of  Obstetric 
ians  and  Gynaecologists. 

EATON,  AMASA  MASON,  soldier,  law 
yer,  legislator,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
May  31,  1841.  in  Providence,  R.  I.  Ho 
was  educated  by  private*  tutors  in  Amer 
ica;  attended  the  schools  of  Paris  anel 
Rome;  in  1861  graduated  with  the  de 
gree  of  A.  M.  from  Brown  University: 
and  subsequently  received  the  de'gree  or 
LL.  B.  from  Harvard  Law  School.  During 
the  Civil  war  he  served  in  The  First  Regi 
ment  of  the  Rhode  Island  Volunteers 
under  Colonel  Burnside.  He  then  en 
gaged  in  business,  from  which  hi*  has 
now  retire-d.  In  1S63-65  he  WHS  a  nieMiib<>r 
anel  president,  of  the  Town  Council  of 
North  Proviele'iioe;  in  1874-75  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Common  Council  of  Provi 
dence;  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Aldermen.  In  1S65-66  and  1872-74  he 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the-  Rhe>ele>  Island  House  of  Represent 
atives.' Since  1897  he  has  been  a  Commis 
sioner  from  Rhode  Island  on  fniformity 
eif  Legislation:  anel  since  1901  has  been 
president  of  the  National  ContVre-nro  of 
the  se  commissioners.  He  has  been  pre- 
sieient  of  (lie  Rhode  Island  Society  Sons 
of  the  American  Re-volution;  president  of 
the  .  Municipal  League'  of  Providence; 


iv 


piesident  of  the  Rhode  Island  Horticul 
tural  Society;  and  a  member  of  the 
leading  legal,  historical  and  political 
iiii/aiions  of  America.  He  is  the 
.-minor  of  Constitution-Making  in  Rhode 
Island,  and  numerous  Monographs  and 
articles  on  legal  topics. 

F.CHOLS.  JOHN  WARNOCK.  lawyer. 
was  born  May  13,  1849,  in  Clarksvllie. 
Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Westmipster 
Colhi'.i  and  Lafayette  University.  In 
1870-73  he  was  a  traveling  salesman  for 
wliol  -sale  drug  houses:  and  in  1873  was 
niton  factor  of  Augusta,  Ga.  In  1879 
he  was  admitted  to  the  Georgia  bar,  and 
the  following  year  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Georgia,  and 
is  also  a  member  of  the  bar  of  the  Sup 
reme  Court  of  the  United  States.  In 
1879-88  he  practiced  law  in  Lexington, 
Ga.:  in  1888-92  in  Pittsburg.  pa.:  in 
1892-9G  in  Atlanta.  Ga.-.  and  since  189fi  in 
Washington,  n.  C.  In  189G-97  he  was 
supreme  president  of  the  American  Pro 
tective  Association;  and  in  1896-99  was 
proprietor  of  The  Republic,  a  weekly 
newspaper  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  Is 
o  member  of  the  executive  committee  of 
the  Scotch-Irish  Society  of  America,  and 
in  1890  managed  its  congress  at  Pitts 
burgh  and  in  1892  at  Atlanta,  Ga.;  and 
he  scoured  the  attendance  of  President 
Harrison  and  a  portion  of  his  Cabinet  at 
the  Pittsburgh  Scotch-Irish  Congress. 

EDWARDS.  GEORGE  POTTER  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  June  17,  1858. 
in  Melros?.  Clarke  County.  111.  In  1882 
he  graduated  from  the  Rush  Medical  Col 
lege  of  Chicago  111.  For  several  years 
he  was  clinical  professor  of  nervous  and 
mental  diseases,  skin  diseases  and  elec 
trotherapy  in  the  medical  department  of 
VanderbJlt  University.  He  has  attained 
success  as  a  noted  physician  and  surgeon 
of  Nashville,  Tenn.;  and  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association,  Ten 
nessee  State  Medical  Association,  and 
the  Nashville  Academy  of  Medicine. 

EISEX.  GUSTAV,  biologist,  scientist, 
author,  was  born  August  2,  1850,  in 
Stockholm,  Sweden.  In  1872  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  University  of  Upsala, 
Sweden,  from  which  institution  he  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  He  Is 
specially  known  for  his  researches  in  the 
Oligochaeta  or  earthworms  of  America: 
the  Plasmocytes  of  the  Human  Blood  and 
the  parasitic  Amoebae  of  carcinoma. 
In  1880-81  he  made  explorations  in  Mexi 
co  and  Guatemala;  in  1892-99  in  Lower 
California  and  Mexico;  and  in  1902  in 
•teiimla.  In  189.'!-1900  he  was  curator 
of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences: 
and  since  1900  has  been  curator  at  Lloyd- 
Tevis  Aquarium  and  Biological  Station  at 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences:  San 
I'raneiseo  Microscopical  Society:  Swed 
ish  Society  for  Anthropology  and  Geo- 
i>hy  of  Stockholm.  He  is  the  author 
"I  tin-  Raisin  Industry;  The  Fig;  Its  His- 
Culture  and  Curing;  and'  seventy 
P8  in  zoology,  geography,  archaeology 
;;m!  horticulture. 

K.MKUY.  Z.  TAYLOR,  physician,  surg- 
'iirector,  was  born  Feb.  22, 
1M7.  in  Xo\i.  Oakland  County,  Mich.  He 
educated    at    the    Union    School    of 
Xorthvillo    and    at    the    High    School    of 
Ann    Arbor.    Mich.;    and   graduated   from 
MI -troll    Medical   College  of  the  Uni 
versity  df  Michigan.     In  1874  he  became 
eonnieted   %vith   the  Long  Island   College 
Hospital  of  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.    He  has  been 
tiding   physician   of  the  Central   Dis- 
I.  usary.      Gr.-iham      Institute,      Brooklyn 


Orphan  Asylum  and  Kings  County  Hos 
pital;  and  is  now  medical  director  of  the 
Manhattan  Life  Insurance  Company  at 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  Commis 
sioner  of  Health  of  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.:  pres 
ident  of  the  Medical  Society,  County  of 
Kings,  and  is  a  member  of  various  other 
medical  and  scientific  societies. 

EUSTIS,  PERCY  SPRAGUE.  railroad 
manager,  was  born  February  1C,  1857,  in 
Milton,  Mass.  Until  1870  he  was  educat 
ed  in  the  private  schools  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  and  in  187(5  entered  railroad  employ 
in  Nebraska  with  the  B.  and  M.  Railway 
Company.  In  1880-81  he  was  chief  clerk 
in  charge  of  the  passenger  department, 
and  in  18S1-88  was  general  passenger  and 
ticket  agent  for  the  same  company.  In 
1S88  he  was  appointed  general  passenger 
agent  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  and 
Quincy  Railroad  with  headquarters  at 
Chicago,  111. ;  and  since  1902  he  has  been 
passenger  traffic  manager  of  the  entire 
system  of  that  corporation. 

EVANS,  RICHARD  JOSEPH,  civil  en 
gineer,  was  born  July  14,  1S.">7.  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Rittenhouse  Academy  of  Washington.  D. 
C.  For  several  years  he  was  enjr-iged  as 
aid  in  the  United  States  Const  Survey: 
and  subsequently  was  appointed  engineer 
of  several  southern  railway  and  steam 
ship  line-s.  He  devisf  d  a  simple  and  suc 
cessful  adaptation  of  stern  wheel  steam.- 
boats  for  transferring  loaded  freight  cars 
over  the-  Mississippi  river;  and  built  and 
superintended  the  Gulf.  Western  Texas 
and  Pacific  Railway  to  Cuero.  In  1875-77 
he  was  in  th^  bureau  of  steam  engineer 
ing  of  the  navy  department  at  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  In  1877  he  returned  to  New 
Orleans;  constructed  the  Memphis,  Sel- 
ma  and  Brunswick  Railway;  and  in  1.888- 
94  was  vice-president  and  general  man 
ager  of  the  Texas,  Sabine  Valley  and  N. 
W.  Railroad.  Since  1898  he  has  been 
engineer  in  construction  of  the  drainage 
system  of  New  Orleans.  La. 

FWIXG,  FAYETTE  C..  larynsrologist, 
nlologist,  was  born  Mav  28,  1862.  in  La 
Fourche  Parish.  La.  He  was  educated 
.-it  the  University  of  the  South  and  the 
University  of  Mississippi;  and  in  18S4 
graduated  from  the  Jefferson  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a 
noted  laryngologist  and  otologist  of  St. 
Louis.  Mo.;  and  is  connected  with  various 
SI.  Louis  hospitals.  He  is  editor  of  the 
The  Laryngoscope;  and  is  a  F'ellow  of 
the  British  Rhinological  Larj  nologlcal 
rnd  Otological  Association;  and  a  mem- 
l/(  r  of  the  leading  medical  associations 
of  America.  Ho  was  a  delegate  from  the 
American  Medical  Association  to  the  In 
ternational  Medical  Congress  held  at 
Rome  in  1893;  and  has  held  and  filled 
various  other  positions  of  trust  and 
honor. 

FAIRBANKS,  ARTHUR.  educator, 
author,  was  born  November  13,  1804.  in 
Hanover,  N.  H.  He  was  educated  at  St. 
Johnsbury  Academy;  and  in  1886  grad 
uated  from  Dartmouth  College.  In  1887- 
88  he  attended  the  Yale  Divinity  School; 
in  1888-89  attended  the  Union  Theological 
Seminary;  and  in  1889-90  studied  in  Ber 
lin  and  Frieburg.  For  several  years  he 
was  a  Congregational  clergyman;  and 
since  1886  has  been  engaged  in  teaching. 
He  is  now  professor  of  Greek  Literature 
and  Archaeology,  and  head  of  the  depart 
ment  of  Greek,  at  the  State  University 
of  Iowa.  He  is  the  author  of  introduc 
tion  to  Sociology;  and  First  Philosop! 
of  Gi- 


FARRAR.  ISAAC,  physician,  surgi  on. 
was  born  April  17,  1830.  in  Quincy,  Mass. 
He  was  fitted  for  college  at  \Voodard'S 
Academy  of  Newton.  Mass.  In  1856-57 
he  attended  the  University  of  Maryland; 
and  in  1862  graduated  from  the  Univer 
sity  of  Vermont.  For  three  years  he 
practiced  in  the  New  York  Hospital;  and 
has  been  in  office  and  consultation  prac 
tice  since  1865.  He  practiced  eight  years 
in  New  York  City  and  Brooklyn;  and  in 
1S65  located  in  Hartford,  Conn.  Since 
1883  he  has  had  his  main  office  in  Bos 
ton.  Mass.,  Dorchester  district ;  and 
maintained  a  branch  office  at  Hartford 
until  1904.  He  has  been  lecturer  on 
physical  and  mental  hygiene:  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  leading  medical  and  scientific 
societies;  and  has  filled  various  positions 
of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  monograph  on  Criminal  Abortion. 

FAXON,  WALTER,  educator,  natur 
alist,  curator,  was  born  February  4,  1848, 
in  Roxbury,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at 
tin  Jamaica  Plain  Schools;  in  1871  grad 
uated  from  Harvard  College:  and  has 
received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  D.,  Sc. 
He  has  been  assistant  profe  ssor  of  zoolo 
gy  at  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoolo 
gy  at  Harvard  University  and  in  charge 
of  mollusca  and  Crustacea;  and  is  now 
curator  in  the  Agassis',  Museum  of  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Washington  Academy  of  Sciences  and 
other  associations  of  learning;  and  a  val 
ued  contributor  to  zoological  and  scien 
tific  publications. 

FERGUSON,  JOHN  P.,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  October  28.  186f>,  in 
Jonesboro,  Tenn.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  state;  then  attend 
ed  Milligan  College  and  Washington  Col 
lege;  and  then  entered  the  Central  Uni 
versity  of  Kentucky,  from  which  insti 
tution  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
In  1892  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
.\i.  D.  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  College' 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has  attained 
success  in  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Louisville,  Ky.;  and  has  been  instruct 
or  in  the  Hospital  College  of  Medicine. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 
and  the  Mississippi  Valley  Medical  As 
sociations;  and  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  State  Medical  Society.  He  is 
medical  examiner  of  the  A.  O.  U.  \V. ; 
and  prominently  identified  with  the  bus 
iness  and  public  affairs  of  bis  city. 
.  FITCH,  CHARLES  HALL,  civil  engi 
neer,  topographer,  was  born  Septimber 
12,  1851,  in  Manitowoc,  Wis.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Woodside  School  of  .wa 
ryland.  at  Georgetown  Academy  of  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.;  and  studied  <  ngineering 
under  private  tutors.  In  187:1-76  he  was 
aid  in  the  United  Coasl  Survey;  and  in 
1876-84  was  engaged  in  mining  and  public 
land  surveys  in  New  Mexico.  In  ixsl:<:'. 
he  was  United  State-s  geological  survey 
topographer;  in  1S'.r.',!iT>  was  assistant 
chief  in  tlr-  surveying  division  of  Hi.- 
general  land  eiMice;  ami  in  ls!iT,-M'.i  was 
in  charm-  01  the  Indian  Territory  survey. 
Sinn  IViTi  be  lias  been  topographer  and 
(  ngiir •<•',•  I'nited  States  Geological  Sur 
vey,  and  supervising  engineer  in  eliarg  - 
of  tile  Denver.  Coin.,  sa'iolliee  1'niled 
States  reclamation  service.  He  is  a 
member  of  tin  Ann  rican  Society  of  Civil 
Kngiix'i  rs;  ami  com  i -United  articles  on 
Oklahoma  and  Indian  T>  rritory  to  the 
;-:iicyclopeilia  Hritanniea. 

FLOOD.  NF.M  AKMKX.  soldier,  journa 
list.  law\:r  lecturer,  orator,  was  born 
in  1ST"  in  X>  w  Market,  X.  H.  In  1*90 


\  !>l  >K.\I>A. 


he  graduated  from  Johns  Hopkins  Univer 
sity;  studied  in  the  law  department  of 
the  University  of  Michigan;  and  received 
the  degree  of  M.  A.  from  Allegheny  Col 
lege.  In  1S90-98  he  was  assistant  editor 
of  the  Chautauquan  Magazine;  and  in 
1889-98  was  managing  editor  of  the  Chau- 
tauqua  Assembly  Herald.  In  1895-98  he 
was  lecturer  on  Political  Economy  in 
Allegheny  College;  and  in  1898-1900  was 
associate  professor  and  director  of  the 
University  of  Chicago  Press.  In  1898- 
1903  he  was  lieutenant-colonel  and  aide- 
de-camp  on  the  staff  of  Governor  William 
A.  Stone  of  Pennsylvania;  and  in  1903 
was  reappointed  on  the  staff  of  Governor 
Samuel  W.  Pennypacker.  In  1900-02  he 
was  president  of  the  Northwestern 
Pennsylvania  Association  Sons  of  Veter 
ans;  and  in  1901-02  of  the  Western  Penn 
sylvania  Association  of  Johns  Hopkins 
University.  He  has  a  successful  law 
practice  in  Meadville.  Pa.;  and  is  a 
noted  republican  platform  speaker.  In 
1901  he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
health  of  Meadville,  Pa.,  and  in  1902  was 
a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
State  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Warren, 
Pa. 

FORSSLUND,  MARY  LOUISE  author, 
was  born  March  13,  1878,  in  Sayville, 
Long  Island,  N.  Y.  She  was  educated  in 
the  public  and  high  schools  of  Sayville, 
N.  Y.;  attended  the  Packer  Collegiate 
Institute  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  and  received 
private  tutoring  in  literature  and  English. 
She  is  the  author  of  The  Story  of  Sarah: 
The  Ship  of  Dreams;  and  numerous  short 
stories  principally  of  Long  Island. 

FOSHAY.  .1AMES  A.,  educator,  super 
intendent  of  schools,  was  born  Nov.  25, 
1856,  in  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  na 
tive  state;  in  1879  graduated  from  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Albany,  N.  Y.: 
and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  M. 
and  Ph.  D.  In  1879-82  he  taught  public 
schools  in  Putnam  County,  N.  Y.;  was 
school  commissioner  in  1881-87;  and  in 
1884-86  was  secretary  of  the  New  York 
Association  of  School  Commissioners  and 
Superintendents.  In  1889-95  he  was 
a  member  of  the  school  examining 
board  of  Los  Angeles  County,  Ca!.;  dep 
uty  superintendent  of  schools  in  1893-95: 
and  since  1895  has  been  superintendent 
of  the  Los  Angeles  City  Schools.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  National  Council  of  Ed 
ucation:  and  a  director  in  the  Southern 
California  Academy  of  Sciences.  In  1900- 
01  he  was  Grand  Master  F.  and  A.  M. 
of  California. 

FOX.  CHARLES  JAMES,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1854, 
in  Weathersfield,  Conn.  He  was  a  grad 
uate  from  the  Hartford  High  School;  and 
received  the  diploma  in  1876  with  high 
honors  from  the  New  York  University 
Medical  College.  He  has  been  physician- 
in-chief  of  the  Hartford  Hospital;  and 
surgeon-general  for  the  State  of  Connec 
tion;.  Hi  has  been  vice-president  of  the 
Connecticut  State  Medical  Society;  pres 
ident  of  the  Windham  County  Medical 
Society;  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  arid  the  Internation 
al  Medical  Congress.  He  has  a  success 
ful  practice  in  Willimantic.  Conn.,  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Windham  County 
United  States  examining  board  for  pen 
sions;  and  a  member  of  the  Association 
of  Military  Surgeons  of  the  United 
States.  He  is  medical  examiner  for  the 
Mutual,  New  York  Life.  Manhattan  Life, 
Travelers.  Aetna  Life  and  various  other 
Insurance  Companies.  He  is  a  thorough 


student  in  his  professional  and  literary 
works,  and  is  a  contributor  to  state,  na 
tional  and  international  medical  journals, 
which  writings  have  received  marked 
and  widespread  attention. 

FRICKE,  WILLIAM  A.,  underwriter," 
author,  was  born  May  15,  1857,  in  New 
York  City.  He  was  educated  in  the 
schools  and  academies  of  Wisconsin;  and 
studied  law  and  medicine.  For  years  he 
was  secretary  of  the  State  Republican 
Committee  of  Wisconsin;  and  in  1894-98 
was  Insurance  Commissioner  of  Wiscon 
sin.  He  resigned  that  position  to  become 
superintendent  of  the  Union  Central  Life 
Insurance  Company  of  Ohio,  with  head 
quarters  in  New  York  City.  In  1902  he 
was  president  of  the  Wisconsin  Society 
of  New  York;  in  1897-98  was  vice-pres 
ident  of  the  National  Association  of  In 
surance  Commissioners;  and  in  1900  was 
elected  an  honorary  member  of  that 
body.  He  is  the  author  of  Insurance,  a 
Text-Book;  The  Law  and  Distribution  of 
Surplus  of  Life  Insurance  Companies; 
and  a  contributor  to  various  insurance 
journals. 

GAILLARD,  EDWIN  WHITE,  journ 
alist,  librarian,  author,  was  born  June  14, 
1872,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  In  1888-95  he 
was  on  the  editorial  staff  of  The  Inde 
pendent  of  New  York  City.  He  is  en 
gaged  in  literary  and  scientific  pursuits; 
has  traveled  extensively  in  North  and 
South  America:  and  was  special  corres 
pondent  from  Tahiti  to  Harper's  Weekly, 
The  Independent  and  the  New  York  Ev 
ening  Post.  Since  1897  he  has  been 
librarian  of  the  Webster  Free  Circulating 
Library  of  New  York  City.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  New  York  City  Library  Club; 
treasurer  New  York  State  Library  Asso 
ciation;  and  the  author  of  various  papers 
en  library  economy. 

GALVIN,  J.  W.,  physician  surgeon, 
\vas  born  Jan.  18,  18«2.  in  Cadyville,  N. 
Y.  K?  was  educated  at  the  Plattsburgh 
Grammar  School;  and  in  1?94  graduated 
from  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Louisville,  Ky.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  physician  of  Louisville.  Ky.  Since 
1899  he  has  been  connected  with  the 
Kentucky  School  of  Medicine  of  Louis 
ville;  and  assistant  in  obstetrics  and 
clinical  gynaecology  in  that  institution. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical 
societies;  and  identified  with  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of  his  city. 

GARMAN,  HARRISON,  educator,  na 
turalist,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1858.  in  Lena, 
111.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Normal.  111.,  the  Illinois  State 
Normal  University  and  Johns  Hopkins 
University.  In  1883-89  he  was  first  as 
sistant  in  the  Illinois  State  Laboratory  of 
Natural  History;  in  1883-85  was  assist 
ant  to  the  Illinois  State  Entomologist: 
and  in  1885-89  was  assistant-professor  of 
zoology  in  the  University  of  Illinois. 
Since  1889  he  has  been  entomologist  and 
botanist  at  the  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station  of  the  Kentucky  State  College; 
and  in  1892-96  was  also  professor  of 
zoology  and  entomology  in  the  latter  in 
stitution.  Since  1897  he  has  been  Ken 
tucky  State  Entomologist.  He  has  writ 
ten  numerous  articles  on  botany,  entomo 
logy  and  zoology. 

GILL,  LAURA  DRAKE,  educator, 
mathematician,  dean,  was  born  Aug.  24. 
1860,  in  Chesterville,  Maine.  She  grad 
uated  from  Smith  College,  and  received 
from  that  institution  the  degrees  of  A  B. 
and  A.  M.;  and  in  1890-93  studied  mathe 
matics  in  the  universities  of  Leipzig. 
Geneva  and  Paris.  In  1881-98  she  was  a 


1  acher  o,  maihemati:  s  in  the  Ifurnham 
School  of  Northampton,  Mass.;  and  in 
1899-Uiin  was  '  a  representative  of  the 
Cuban  Orphan  Society  in  Cu'oa.  Since 
1901  she  has  been  Dean  of  Barnard  Col 
lege  of  New  York  City.  She  is  president 
of  the  Smith  College  Alumnae  Associa 
tion  of  New  York;  and  has  filled  various 
other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

GILLETTE,  EDWARD  HOOKER,  farm, 
er,  manufacturer,  journalist,  lecturer, 
congressman,  was  'born  Oct.  1,  1840,  in 
Bloomfield,  Conn.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  and  at  the  High 
School  of  Hartford,  Conn.;  and  attended 
the  New  York  State  Agricultural  Coil 
In  1863  he  went  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa; 
and  there,  engaged  in  farming  and  manu 
facturing.  In  1879-81  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  forty-sixth 
United  States  Congress  from  the  Des- 
Moines  District.  In  1881-9]  he  was  edi 
tor  of  the  Iowa  Tribune;  became  chair 
man  of  the  National  Com.  Union  Labor 
Party;  and  for  years  was  a  noted  lectur 
er  on  land,  financial  and  other  subjects 
of  political  reform.  He  is  prominently 
identified  with  the  busines  and  public  af 
fairs  of  Valley  Junction,  Iowa;  and  has 
filled  numerous  podsitions  of  trust  and 
honor.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Hoi. 
Francis  G.  Gillette  United  States  Sena 
tor  for  Connecticut. 

GLENTWORTH,  MARGUERITE  LIN- 
TON,  author,  poet,  was  born  Jan.  18. 
1882.  in  Newark,  N.  J.  She  was  edu 
cated  in  private  schools.  Early  in  life 
she  began  to  write  poems;  and  is  best 
known  as  the  author  of  the  poems  Gates 
Ajar  and  The  Dead  Bard.  She  is  the 
author  of  A  Twentieth  Century  Boy; 
The  Tenth  Commandment,  a  romance 
which  has  since  been  dramatized.  The 
Dead  Bard  was  written  to  the  memory  of 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes.  Miss  Glent- 
worth  is  now  engaged  on  a  new  book 
and  play. 

C-LICK,  GEORGE,  physician,  surgeon, 
medical  director,  was  born  March  18, 
1827,  in  Germany.  In  1849  he  received 
his  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  Eclectic 
Medical  Institute  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
and  during  over  half  a  century  he  has 
attained  eminence  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  the  State  of  Iowa.  He  is 
now  medical  director  of  the  Bankers' 
Life  Association  at  Des  Moines. 
Iowa;  and  is  prominently  identi- 
fic  (1  with  the  business  and  public  affairs 
of  his  city,  county  and  state.  He  is  a 
member  of  various  medical  and  scientific 
associations;  has  filled  numerous  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor;  and  has  con 
tributed  valuable  articles  to  medical  lit 
erature. 

GRAFLY.  CHARLES,  artist,  sculptor, 
was  born  Dec.  S.  1862,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  educated  In  tile  public 
schools  of  Philadelphia;  and  in  1879-84 
learned  the  art  of  reproducing  figures 
in  marble  at  Struther's  Marble  works. 
During  that  period  he  also  attended  art 
classes;  and  in  1884-88  studied  modeling 
and  rainting  at  the  Pennsylvania  Acad- 
of  Fine  Arts.  He  then  for  two 
•8  studied  sculpture  and  drawing  in 
1'aris.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Societ\ 
of  American  Artists,  the  Art  Club  of 
Philadelphia  and  the  Council  of  National 
Sculpture  Society.  He  received  a  gold 
medal  at  the  Charleston  Exhibition;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  international  jury 
of  awards  in  the  sculpture  department 
at  the- St.  Louis  World's  Fair  of  1904.  His 
principal  works  are  Vulture  of  \Var,  Sym- 


vi 


ADDENDA. 


luil  of  Life,  From  Generation  to  Genera- 
lion,  Portrait  of  M>  .Mother,  and  a  Por 
trait  of  Mrs.  Charlts  C rally,  which  was 
exhibited  and  received  u  gold  medal  at 
the  International  Imposition  of  Paris  in 
1900. 

GKKICN,  DAVID  I.,  educator,  superin 
tendent,  \va.s  liorn  Feb.  5,  1864,  in  In 
dependence.  N.  Y.  In  1885  he  graduated 
from  Alfred  ("nivrrsity ;  and  has  re 
ceived  th  s  of  A.  M.  and  Ph.  D. 
In  1888-9H  lie  was  professor  of  language 
and  literature  at  the  Alfred  University; 
in  IS'.r.l'.il  was  instructor  in  social  sci 
ence  at  .Johns  Hopkins  University;  and 
in  1894-96  was  a  teacher  in  the  Hartford 
School  of  Sociology.  Since  1894  he  has 
been  superintendent  of  the  Charity  Or- 
gani/ation  Society  of  Hartford,  Conn.; 
and  since  1900  has  also  been  a  lecturer 
at  t lie  Hartford  Theological  Seminary. 

GRINDLEY,  HARRY  SANDS,  educator, 
professor  of  chemistry,  was  born  April 
13,  1M,1.  in  Champaign,  111.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  University  of  Illinois  and 
at  Harvard  University;  and  has  received 
I  lie  degrees  of  B.  S.  and  Sc.  D.  from 
those  institutions  of  learning.  He  has 
been  assistant  in  chemistry  in  Har 
vard  University;  and  assistant  and 
ociate  professor  of  chemistry  at  the 
rni\ersity  of  Illinois.  He  is  now  pro- 
or  of  general  chemistry  and  director 
(if  the  chemical  laboratory  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Illinois.  Since  1896  he  has  been 
doing  research  work  for  the  United 
Slates  Department  of  Agriculture  upon 
the  Nutrition  of  Man;  and  as  a  result  of 
tin  sf  researches,  ten  of  his  bulletins  and 
papers  have  been  published  by  the  Uni 
ted  Slates  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
representative  chemical  journals. 

•  ll'ITERAS.  JUAN,  physician,  sur 
geon,  pathologist,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1852, 
in  Matanzas,  Cuba.  In  1873  he  received 
th.-  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  which  institution  also 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  cf  Ph.  D. 
In  1ST!)  89  he  was  engaged  in  marine 
hospital  service;  and  has  served  as  ex- 
p'-rt  in  yellow  fever  in  all  epidemics 
sine-  ISM.  For  several  years  he  was 
profe>sor  of  pathology  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  In  1898  he  was  on  the 
staff  of  General  Shafter  as  yellow  fever 
expert  in  the  Santiago  campaign;  and  is 
prominently  identified  with  Cuban  poli 
tics.  He  has  liven  professor  of  general 
pathology  and  tropical  medicine  at  the 
1'nivi Tsity  of  Havana;  and  director  of 
I. as  Animus  Hospital  of  Habana,  Cuba. 
He  has  been  vice  pn  sident  of  the  Asso- 
ciation  of  Health  Officers  of  North  Amer 
ica:  vice  president  of  tho  First  National 
.\ledical  Congress  at  Cuba ;,  editor  of  La 
Kevista  de  Medicina  Tropical;  and  is  a 
member  of  the  leading  medical  and 
health  associations  of  Cuba  and  America. 
.HALSALL.  WILLIAM  FORMBY,  art 
ist,  marine  painter,  was  born  March  20, 
1841.  in  England.  He  went  to  sea  for 
seven  years;  and  was  in  the  United 
States  Navy  during  part  of  the  Civil  war. 
Since  then  he  has  been  engaged  in  paint 
ing  marine  pictures,  and  has  his  studio 
in  Boston.  Mass.  His  principal  works 
are  First  Fight  of  Ironclads — Monitor  and 
Merrimac.  now  in  the  Senate  Chamber 
at  Washington.  II.  C.:  The  Mayflower, 
which  hangs  in  Memorial  hall  at  Ply 
mouth.  Mass  ;  Sheeted  Ghost;  and  Niag 
ara  Falls. 

HAMMOND.  WILLIAM  ALEXANDER. 
educator,  author,  was  born  May  20.  isr.i. 
In  New  Athens.  Ohio.  In  1885  he  gradu 


ated  from  Harvard  University  with  the 
ds gree  of  A.  B.;  in  1887  received  the  de 
gree  of  A.  M.  from  King's  College;  and  in 
1891  received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  from 
Leipzig  University.  In  1885-88  he  was 
Itcturer  on  classics  at  King's  College  of 
Windsor,  N.  S.  In  1891-92  he  was  in 
structor  and  since  1892  assistant  profes 
sor  of  ancient  and  mediaeval  philosophy 
and  aesthetics  at  Cornell  University  of 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.;  and  secretary  of  the  Uni 
versity  Faculty.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Philological  Association. 
American  Psychological  Association  und 
the  American  Philosophical  Association: 
president  nl  the  Country  Club  of  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.;  and  representative  for  Logic  at 
the  Congress  of  Arts  and  Science  at  the 
International  Exposition  in  1904  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Characters  of  Theophrastus;  Aristotle's 
Psychology ;  and  other  classical  studies 
and  philosophical  Monographs. 

HASSLER,  FERDINAND  AUGUSTUS, 
educator,  physician,  author,  was  born 
March  6,  1844,  in  Marine  Hospital  (of 
which  his  father  had  charge  as  surgeon  of 
the  United  States  Navy),  near  Norfolk, 
Va.  He  was  educated  in  '  the  private 
schools  oi  Washington  D.  C.,  r.nd  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1856-62 
he  was  a  page  in  the  United  States  Sen 
ate;  and  in  I860  received  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  from  the  University  of  Pennsylva 
nia.  In  1872  he  was  a  teacher  in  the  West 
Philadelphia  Medical  Institute;  and  in 
187:i  became  professor  of  meteria  medica 
in  the  Lincoln  University.  Since  1866  he 
has  contributed  to  American  literature 
numerous  poems,  children's  stories  and 
papers  on  scientific  subjects  and  general 
literature.  He  attained  success  in  his 
profession,  and  is  now  a  retired  physi 
cian  of  Santa  Ana,  Cal.  He  invented  and 
patented  a.  word  register  for  typewrit 
ers.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  a 
member  of  the  Philosophical  Society  of 
Washington,  D.  C.;  a  member  of  the  Bio 
logical  Society  of  Washington,  D.  C.;  and 
for  years  has  been  correspondent  of  the 
Datavya  Bahrata  Karyalaya  of  Calcutta. 

HAYES,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
civil  engineer,  was  born  July  8,  1854,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  and  private  schools  of  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.;  graduated  from  the  Poly 
technic  College  of  the  State  of  Pennsyl 
vania  and  received  the  degree  of  C.  E.: 
and  in  1882  received  the  degree  of  Ph. 
G.  from  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy.  In  1875  he  was  assistant  en 
gineer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad; 
and  in  1876  was  chief  engineer  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  ror  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission  at  the 
Centennial  Exhibition.  In  1877-8X  he  was 
in  the  chemical  and  pharmaceutical  busi 
ness;  and  in  1883  became  assistant  engi 
neer  of  the  Cornwall  and  Lebanon  Rail 
road.  Since  1X86  has  be<  n  in  busi 
ness  as  a  civil  and  consulting  engi 
neer  of  Lebanon.  Pa.  In  1889  he  was  Uni 
ted  States  juror  to  the  Paris  Exposition: 
and  was  awarded  a  diploma  and  medal 
by  the  exposition  for  his  services.  He 
has  been  county  surveyor  of  T^ebanon 
County.  Pa.,  and  chief  engineer  of  vari 
ous  railroad  companies. 

HEDINGER.  CHARLES,  soldier,  phxsi- 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Aug.  17.  1821,  in 
Westphalia.  Germany.  In  1842  he  grad 
ual  •  1  from  the  University  of  Gottingon: 
and  in  1X48-5-1  practiced  medicine  in  New- 
York  City.  Then  for  fixe  years  prior  to 


to  the  Civil  war  he  served  in  the  United 
Statts  army;  and  for  inn  e  \ears  was 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  Second  Colorado 
Cavalry.  He  has  attained  success  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Kansas; 
in  1888-92  was  United  States  pension 
examiner  for  Chase  County;  and  for  five 
years  was  Mayor  of  Canton,  Kansas.  He 
is  medical  examiner  for  the  Ancient 
Order  United  Workmen:  Woodmen  of 
the  World,  and  a  member  of  the  Health 
Officers'  Association  of  McPherson 
County,  Kansas;  and  has  filled  various 
other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

HEDRICK,  IRA  GRANT,  civil  and  con 
sulting  engineer,  was  born  April  6.  1868, 
in  Salem,  Edwards  County,  Illinois.  In 
1892  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
B.  C.  E.  from  the  University  of  Arkan 
sas;  received  the  degree  of  B.  S.  from 
J'cGill  University  in  1898:  and  the 
degree  of  M.  S.  from  the  latter 
institution  in  1899.  In  1892-98  he 
was  assistant  engineer  to  .1.  A.  L. 
Waddell ;  and  has  been  identified  with 
many  large  and  important  engineering 
works.  In  1898  he  was  assistant  chief 
engineer  to  the  Kansas  City  P.  and  G. 
Railrond  Company;  and  since  1898  has 
been  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Waddell 
and  Hedrick,  consulting  engineers  of 
Kansas  City,  Mo.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers; 
and  a  member  of  the  Institute  of  Civil 
Engineers  of  London. 

HENDERSON,  CHARLES  ENGLISH, 
physician,  railroad  president,  was  born 
Sept.  25.  1844,  in  Jefferson  County,  Va., 
now  West  Virginia.  In  1850-59  he  was 
educated  at  a  private  school  in  Jeffer 
son  County,  Va.;  and  In  1859-61  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  In  18«8  he  graduated 
from  the  medical  department  tif  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania;  and  in  1869-70 
was  resident  physician  of  Bay  View  Hos 
pital  of  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1870-74  he 
was  in  railway  service  as  a  clerk  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  and  Gulf  Rail 
way;  in  1874-79  he  was  chief  clerk  to  the 
general  superintendent  of  that  road;  and 
also  to  the  general  superintendent  and 
receiver  of  the  Leavenworth.  Lawrence 
and  Galveston  Railroad,  in  1879  he  was 
engaged  in  prospecting  routes  and  set 
tling  purchase  accounts  for  the  Spring 
field  and  Western  Missouri  Railroad.  In 
1879-80  he  was  general  freight  and  ticket 
agent  for  the  Atchison  and  Nebraska  rail 
way;  and  also  consecutively  auditor,  pax- 
master,  cashier  and  assistant  general  man 
ager  .  In  1881-88  he  was  general  manager 
and  receiver  of  the  Indiana,  Bloomington 
and  Western  Railway;  in  1888-89  was 
general  manager  of  the  Ohio,  Indiana  and 
Western  Railway:  in  1881-92  was  general 
manager  of  the  Ohio  Southern  Railroad; 
and  in  1884-86  was  general  manager  of 
the  Dayton  and  Ironton  Railroad.  In 
1884-87  he  was  manager  for  the  purchaser 
of  the  Dayton  and  Toledo  Railroad;  in 
1884-86  was  receiver  of  the  Danville, 
Oiney  and  Ohio  River  Railroad;  and  in 
1886-88  was  general  manager  of  the  Chi 
cago  and  Ohio  River  Railway.  In  1889- 
1903  he  was  general  manager  of  the  Phil 
adelphia  and  Reading  Coal  and  Iron 
Company;  and  since  190,'!  has  been  first 
\ice-president  of  that  corporation.  Since 
1896  he  has  also  been  second  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading 
Railway. 

HILL,  F.  M..  physician,  surgeon,  phar 
macist.  For  many  years  he  was  surgeon 
to  the  Chicago.  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 


AUOKXl'A 


Railroad;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Local 
Board  of  Health  of  Harrison  County, 
Washington  and  .Marion  Townships, 
Iowa.  He  is  a  successful  physician,  sur 
geon  and  pharmacist  of  Persia.  Iowa; 
and  prominently  identified  with  the  busi 
ness  and  public  affairs  of  his  community. 

HODGE.  JOHN  WESLEY,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1851,  in  the 
town  of  Cambria,  Niagara  County,  N.  Y. 
In  1875  he  graduated  from  the  Academic 
Department  of  the  Lockport  Union 
School;  and  in  1881  graduated  from  the 
New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col 
lege  and  Hospital.  He  has  a  successful 
practice  of  medicine  and  surgery  at  Ni 
agara  Falls,  N.  Y.;  and  is  prominently 
identified  with  the  business"  and  public 
affairs  of  that  city.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy, 
Homoeopathy  Medical  Society  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  and  the  Western  New 
York  Homoeopathy  Medical  Society. 

HOW,  GEORGE  HORATIO,  professor 
of  obstetrics,  inventor,  was  born  March 
19,  1864,  in  London,  England.  In  1895  he 
graduated  from  King's  College  of  Lon 
don,  England;  and  in  1900  was  a  post 
graduate  of  the  National  Medical  College 
of  Chicago,  111.  He  is  president  of  the 
How  Medical  Institute,  and  president  of 
the  How  Maternal  Hospital  of  Chicago, 
111.  He  is  the  inventor  of  the  How  ob 
stetrical  bed.  operating  couch  and 
stretcher:  and  also  the  inventor  of  the 
How  Electrical  Baby  Incubator. 

HUBER,  IVANHOE  STEES,  soldier, 
treasurer,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1845,  in  Pine 
Grove,  Schuylkill  County,  Pa.;  and  is 
the  son  of  the  late  Major  Levi  Huber. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Pottsville  High 
School ;  and  then  entered  the  law  office 
of  Hon.  F.  W.  Hughes.  In  1863  he  en 
listed  in  the  Twenty-seventh  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Emergency  Men; 
and  served  during  the  campaign.  In 
1864-fi8  he  was  teller  of  the  First  Nation 
al  Bank  of  Mahoney  city,  Pa.;  and  sub 
sequently  became  secretary  and  superin 
tendent  of  the  Ringgold  Coal  and  Iron 
Company.  In  1869-71  he  was  deputy  pro- 
thonotary  of  Schuylkill  County,  Pa.;  and 
since  1871  has  been  cashier  of  the  Sham- 
okin  Banking  Company:  In  1881-1902  he 
was  treasurer  of  the  Borough  of  Sham- 
oKin;  in  3S83  was  president  of  the  board 
of  school  directors;  has  bet-n  vice-presi 
dent,  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso 
ciation;  and  since  1883  has  been  director 
and  treasurer  of  the  Building  and  Loan 
Association  of  Shamokin.  He  is  treas 
urer  of  the  Shamokin  Bible  Society  and 
other  institutions. 

HUBER.  LEVI,  soldier,  educator,  finan 
cier,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1818,  in  Pine- 
grove  Township,  Schuylkill  County,  Pa. 
For  many  years  he  traveled  and  worked 
as  a  journeyman  tailor  in  America  and 
Europe.  In  1849-54  he  taught  school  in 
Pinegrove  Township;  in  1854  was  elected 
Justice  of  the  Peace;  and  in  1857  became 
recorder  of  Schuylkill  County,  Fa.  In 
1861-64  he  served  in  the  Civil  war  from 
second  lieutenant  to  major,  in  the  Ninty- 
sixth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  infantry; 
and  participated  in  numerous  battles  and 
was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Spotsyl- 
vania.  In  1865-1900  for  thirty-five  years 
he  was  financial  agent  and  business  man 
ager  of  D.  J.  Yuengling  and  Son.  He 
died  April  2fi,  1900.  in  Pottsville.  Pa. 

HULBERT.  HENRY  CARLTON.  retired 
merchant,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1831,  in  Lee. 
Mass.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools;  and  graduated  from  Lee 


Academy.  In  1847  he  entered  the  dry 
goods  business  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.  In 
1851  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  firm  of 
White  &  Sheffield,  paper  dealers  of  New 
York  City;  in  1856  he  was  admitted  a 
partner;  in  1852  organized  the  firm  of  H. 
C.  &.  M.  Hulbert;  and  in  1872  the  firm 
of  H.  C.  Hulbert.  He  has  large  and 
varied  financial  interests;  and  is  or  has 
been  a  director  of  the  executive  commit 
tee  of  the  Pullman  Company,  Celluloid 
Company.  New  York  Life  and  Trust  Com 
pany.  Importers'  and  Traders'  National 
Bank,  and  vice-president  and  trustee  of 
the  S.  Brooklyn  Savings  Institution.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of 
Commerce;  and  chairman  of  the  execu 
tive  committee  of  the  Brooklyn  Society 
for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children. 

HURD,  ALBERT  ARTHUR,  lawyer, 
corporation  attorney,  was  born  Sept.  27, 
1849.  in  LaFayette.  111.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  Galva,  111.;  at 
tended  the  Northwestern  University;  and 
in  1870  graduated  from  the  law  school  of 
the  Iowa  State  University.  In  1870-75 
he  was  engaged  in  general  practice.  In 
1875  he  became  connected  with  the  legal 
department  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and 
Santa  Fe  Railway;  and  since  1881  has 
been  solicitor  for  Kansas  for  that  corpor 
ation.  He  has  attained  eminence  in  his 
profession:  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  law  literature. 

HUTCHINS,  JERE  CHAMBERLAIN, 
civil  engineer,  railway  manager,  was 
born  Oct.  13.  1853,  in  Carroll  Parish,  La. 
He  studied  civil  engineering;  and  began 
railway  service  in  the  construction  of  the 
Missouri,  Gulf  and  Lexington  Railway  and 
various  other  railroads  in  Missouri.  In 
1876-81  he  was  reporter  on  The  Exam 
iner  of  Waco,  Texas;  and  then  returned 
to  railroading.  He  served  thirteen  years 
with  the  New  Orleans  and  Pacific  Rail 
way  and  other  companies;  and  in  1894 
became  manager  of  the  Detroit  Citizens' 
Street  Railway.  He  worked  energetically 
for  the  amalgamation  of  lines;  was  pres 
ident  and  general  manager  of  the  De 
troit  United  Railway  in  1894-1900;  and 
since  1900  has  been  president  of  that 
corporation. 

JOHN,  SAMUEL  WILLIAMSON,  law 
yer,  legislator,  author,  was  born  June  29. 
1845,  in  Uniontown,  Ala.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  pri 
vate  schools;  and  in  180.")  graduated  from 
the  University  of  Alabama.  He  read  law 
under  his  father,  the  late  Chancellor 
Joseph  Reed  John,  and  in  1866  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Alabama.  In  1871-72  he  was  county 
solicitor  for  Dallas  County;  was  council 
man  of  Selma;  and  is  a  trustee  of  the 
Alabama  Insane  Hospitals  and  the  Ala 
bama  Girls'  Industrial  School.  In  1882- 
87  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Ala 
bama  legislature  from  Dallas  County, 
and  in  1894-95  from  Jefferson  County.  In 
1885-88  he  was  colonel  of  the  Third  Reg 
iment  Alabama  State  Troops;  and  in  1896 
was  elector  foV  the  state-at-large  on  the 
Democratic  ticket.  He  has  now  a  large 
law  practice  at  Birmingham.  Ala.  He 
was  a  trustee  of  the  Archives  and  His 
tory  of  Alabama ;  a  member  of  the  com 
mission  to  devise  a  new  penitentiary  sys 
tem  for  Alabama  in  1892,  and  author  of 
its  report.  He  is  the  author  of  the  Em 
ployers  Liability  Act;  and  A  History  of 
Selma.  Ala. 

JOHNSON,  SYLVANUS  ELIHU,  edu 
cator,  journalist,  was  born  Jan.  19.  1841. 
in  Jefferson  County,  Ohio.  He  was  ed- 


ucated  iii  i he  public  and  select  schools 
of  Steubenville,  Ohio;  and  all  ended  the 
Richmond  College  and  the  McNeely  Nor 
mal  School  of  Harrison  County  "  Ohio 
For  several  years  he  taught  school  in 
Jefferson  and  Coshocton  Counties  Ohio 

B  worked  in   various  places  as  a'  print 
er;    was  city  editor  of  the  Ohio   State* 
man;    became  city   editor,  managing  ed- 
tor    and    editorial    writer    on    the    Ohio 
State  Journal;   and  since   1879  has   bee) 
e   editorial   staff  of  the   Cincinnati 
inquirer,  as  state  correspondent    mana-- 
mg    editor    and    editorial    writer       For 
one  year  he  was  on  the  staff  of  the  New 
York  World;   and  in  1895  was  ediroriallv 
connected    with   the   New    York   Journal. 
900   he   was  a   member  by   proxy   of 
the  Democratic  National  Convention-  and 
has    participated    in    Ohio   and    National 
Democratic    politics.      He    is    now    chief 
editorial    writer    on    the    Cincinnati    En 
quirer,  but  spends  the  greater  portion  of 
each  year  in  Washington    D    C 

JOHNSTON,   DAVID  ELIJAH,   soldier 

•sician,  surgeon,  was  born  July  1  is  | 
in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  He  was  educated 
at  the  High  School  of  Tuscaloosa  and  at 
the  Academy  of  Centerville,  Ala.-  and  in 
1868  graduated  from  the  Medical  Col 
lege  of  Georgia.  He  was  in  the  Confed 
erate  army  during  the  Civil  war  in  the- 
First  Alabama  Regiment;  subsequently 
helped  to  organize  the  Forty-fourth  Ala 
bama  Regiment;  became  an  officer  in 
Company  H  of  that  regiment;  and  par- 
icipated  in  many  hard-fought  battles 
Since  1881  he  has  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Mobile,  Ala.  He  is  examiner  for 
various  life  insurance  and  benevolent  as 
sociations;  and  examiner  for  the  United 
States  Pension  Bureau  of  Washington 
D.  C.  His  father,  Major  Samuel  Stone 
Johnson,  was  a  confederate  officer  in 
General  Pillow's  Brigade  of  Cavalry  and 
was  killed  in  1864  while  gallantly  'lead 
ing  his  cavalry  against  the  federal  forces 
at  Lafayette  Court  House.  Ga. 

KAHLENBERG,  LOUIS  ALBERT  BER- 
THOLD,  educator,  chemist,  physicist,  was 
born  Jan.  27,  1870,  at  Two  Rivers.  Wis. 
He  was  educated  at.  the  University  of 
Wisconsin:  has  received  from  that  insti 
tution  the  degrees  of  B.  S..  M.  Sc.  and 
Ph.  D.;  and  in  1895  attended  the  Univer 
sity  of  Leipzig.  In  1895-97  he  was  in 
structor  at  the  University  of  Wisconsin: 
in  1897-1900  was  assistant  professor  of 
physical  chemistry  in  that  institution: 
and  since  1900  has  been  full  professor. 
He  has  been  .vice-president  of  the  Amer 
ican  Electro-Chemical  Society;  and  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Chemical  Soci 
ety  and  numerous  other  scientific  socie 
ties.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  mon 
ographs  and  articles  in  technical  publi 
cations  on  chemical  subjects. 

KAHLO,  GEORGE  DWIGHT,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  April  27,  1864,  in  Na 
poleon,  Ohio.  In  1891  he  graduated  from 
the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College  of 
New  York  City;  and  in  1891-92  was 
house  physician  in  the  Harlem  Branch  of 
that  institution.  He  has  been  surgeon  to 
the  police  and  fire  departments  of  Indian 
apolis;  and  surgeon  to  the  Second  Regi 
ment  Indiana  National  Guard.  He  has 
been  professor  of  principles  and  practice 
of  medicine  and  sanitary  science  at  the 
Central  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur 
geons  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  has  been 
consulting  physician  of  the  City  Hospital 
and  the  Union  State  Hospital  and  City 
Dispensary:  and  examining  surgeon  of 
the  Indianapolis  recruiting  station  of  the 


ADDENDA. 


I'liiled     Slat,  s     Ai'iny    am]     numerous     in 

nee  societies.    \\>-  has  been  a  in-  mber 

el'  ill.-  linliunapolis  Ciiy  Board  ol  Health; 
and  is  a  member  or  tin-  hading  medical 
societii  s  ut  Aincrii-a.  His  practice  is  now 
liniitc'il  lo  internal  medicine  and  diag 
nosis. 

KEATING.  .IOIIN   Mel. FOX.  journalist. 
or.   was   born   in    ls:!n.   in   Ireland.     Ill 
:,:i    li,     was    managing    editor    of    the 
Naslnille  News;   in   IM'.'.iVl    was  commer 
cial   and   city   editor  of   tin     Memphis  Bul 
letin.     In  isiil  hi-  entered  the  <'<>iH"i<d' 
.irmy:   and   for  a   time  was  actin::   private 
seen  tary    to    Gen.     I.i'oiiidas    Folk.      For 
,  ars  In    was  pan   proprietor 
:  Memphis    Appeal.      He 

one  of  the  t'oiindirs  of  the  Memphis 
Comim  icial.    and    became    its    editor    in 
0          the  author  of  The  Southern 
-tioi::    History  of  the  Yellow  Fever; 
Annals  of  Tennessee,  Con- 

ti  •!•  ' 

KRUKSI.  WAI.TKR  K1I1SON.  educator, 
economist,    was    horn    Sept.    :!.    isxl.    in 
Y\<  n!o      Park,  N.  J.;  and  is  a  son  of  John 
Kniesi.    tti"    noted    mechanlco-electrlcal 
am!   manager  of  Edison's  labor 
atory.      He    was    educated    at    the   Union 
Classical     Institute    of    Schenectady,    N. 
V.:   and   at    the   University  of  Pennsylva- 
and   in    I'.'n:',   received  the  degree  of 
li.  S.  in  economies  from  that   institution. 
in    I'.ui:;   he   received    the  appointment   as 
•  ilar  in  economics  to  the  Uni- 
Ity    of    Pennsylvania;    studied    Euro- 
i  iniliistri-il  methods  in  Holland,  Swit- 
ind  and  France;  and  in   I:1":!  became 
assistant    instructor  in   industry  and  eco- 
Ics   at    the   University  of   Pennsylva- 
For  a.vhile  he  was   assistant  man- 
el'  th     American    l.ava   Company  at 
::inooga.  Tenn. ;  and  acting  secretary 
to  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and 
•  I  science.     June  1.   l!inr>.  lie  became 
arj  of  the  Charity 
Orgl  !   New  York. 

;-:LI;KUT  .IOIINSOX.    physician, 

wa.s   horn   Aug.   11,   is?:!,  in  Leb- 
•     .\lo       He    was   ediicaiid   in   the  pub 
lic    schools   of    FlsbeiT.v.    V.o. ;    and   while 
•,     pnl  lie    school     worked    at     the 
printing    trade,     which     \ocallon    he    fol- 
years.     He   then   took 

up  the  study  of   e  which  lie  hart 

v   sturtit  d   under  his  father;   and 

in   ls:is  gradual:.!   from   tin-  liarnes  Med- 

ol    St.    Louis,    Mo.     For  sev- 

ei'il    years  lie    practiced   his    profession   in 

Han  isnnxille,    111.;    and    now    has    a    suc- 

i    Valmetcr,   111.     He   is 

to  tin1   lilijiois   Division  of  (he  I. 

M.    and    S.    K:ii'''oad   and   also   the  Cotton 

I!i  It    Railroad;    and    is   medical   examiner 

lin    I. it.    and    I'rudential   In- 

eom|)anii  s.   and   for   the   Modern 

inn  n  of  America   and  oilier  fraternal 

ni/ations.      He   has   he«>n    post  master; 

.•tary  of  llie   Medical   Societ>    of   Mon- 

County,  111.;  and  secietary  of  the  forty- 

•h    Senatorial    Republican    C'omniitt.  e. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  American   Medical 

ion    and    llie    Medica1    Society    of 

( 'entity,  III. 

LEEMOM.  JOSEPH,     lawyer,     business 
man,  orator,   was   born   Aim.   u:!.    Is:,:;,  in 
i.liininoiiii  ry  County.  |';i.    on  thi    '  ild  I.  • 
dom     Homestead    antcdatine.    tin'    Uevoln- 

iry  War.    in  is?)  be  graduated  from 

•!,,  ('.  mral  High  School  of  Philadelp'ii  ' 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.;  and  graduated 
liom  the  law  school  of  the  University  of 
PeM'.sylvania  with  the  degree  of  H.  I, 
I  N?i  he  has  practiced  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  tli<  Supreme  courl  in  1876;  and 


shortly  thereafter  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  the  United  States  Courts.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  senatorial  convention 
which  first  nominated  Hon.  Bois  Pen- 
rose  as  Senator;  and  made  the  nomina 
tion  speech  in  the  Controllers'  Convention 
on  behalf  of  Gen.  James  S.  Stewart.  He 
is  president  of  the  Philadelphia  Tona- 
wanda  Land  Company;  for  several  years 
was  a  director  of  the  Tradesmen's  Trust 
and  Safe  Deposit  Company;  and  was  one 
of  the  original  stockholders  of  the  Com 
monwealth  Title  and  Insurance  Trust 
Company.  He  is  vice-president  of  the 
Quaker  City  National  Bank;  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Republican  Executive 
Committee  of  his  ward;  a  prominent  Ma 
son;  and  a  member  of  various  law,  patri 
otic  and  fraternal  organizations. 

LESLEY,  ROBERT  W.,  manufacturer, 
lawyer;  was  born  July  5,  185;!,  in  Phila 
delphia.  Pa.  He  entered.  University  of 
Pennsylvania  class  of  1871;  left  college 
in  1868  and' went  into  the  employment  of 
the  Public  Ledger  in  Philadelphia,  re 
maining  until  187!)  as  reporter  and  asso 
ciate  editor.  He  was  admtted  to  the  Bar 
in  1877,  and  was  assistant  State  Repor 
ter  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylva 
nia  In  1874  he  established  the  cement 
firm  of  Lesley  and  Trinkle;  in  1904  es 
tablished  the  Cement  Age,  one  of  the 
principal  journals  devoted  to  cement  in 
the  United  States;  and  was  connected 
with  D.  O.  Saylor  in  the  upbuilding  of 
the  first  successful  American  Portland 
Cement  Co.,  Since  that  date  he  has  been 
identified  with  the  P6rtland  Cement  in 
dustry  of  the  United  States,  which  has 
grown  from  an  annual  production  of  fifty 
thousand  barrels  in  1885  to  nearly  twen 
ty  millions  in  1903.  In  1S83  he  made 
numerous  inventions  in  the  industry  and 
founded  American  Cement  Company  with 
six  works  at  Egypt,  Pa.,  From  1883  con 
tributed  numerous  papers  and  articles 
before  the  Franklin  Institute,  American 
Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  Asociation  of 
Testing  Materials,  and  kindred  societies 
and  to  publications  in  leading  engineer 
ing  journals  in  America  and  Europe.  He 
is  President  of  American  Cement  Com 
pany.  President  of  Lesley  and  Trinkle 
Company  of  Philadelphia  and  United 
Building  Material  Company  of  New  York 
and  Boston.  He  has  been  President 
Association  of  Portland  Cement  Manu 
facturers,  and  Vice-President  American 
Society  for  Testing  Materials.  He  is  a 
member  of  international  Association  for 
Testing  Materials,  Engineer's  Club  of 
Philadelphia.  American  Chemical  Socie 
ty,  and  Associate  American  Society  of 
Civil  Engineers. 

LII.LER,  WILLIAM  C..  soldier,  journal 
ist,  lawyer,  manufacturer,  was  born  Sept. 
8,  1878.  in  Louisville,  Ky.  and  in  1886 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Lancaster,  Pa. 
He  was  educated  in  public  and  private 
schools;  and  graduated  from  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  University  of  Tennessee. 
lie  voiimt'  en  d  for  the  Spanish-American 
war.  and  served  with  the  Sixth  United 
Stati  s  Cavalry,  participating  in  the  cam 
paign  hi  fore  Santiago  de  Cuba.  He  was 
OIH  ol  the  organi/.ers  of  the  National  As 
sociation  of  Spanish  American  War  Vet 
erans,  and  was  its  first  Adjutant-General, 
with  the  IHle  of  l!i  i^adicr  C,i  neral.  He 
.  Idi  01  of  the  T.iller  Manufacturing 
Company,  of  Lancaster.  Pa.;  president  of 
the  Volunteer  Publishing  Company:  and 
senior  member  of  ihc  firm  of  Liller. 
freeman  and  Company,  bankers  and 
brokers.  He  is  a  member  of  numerous 


military  and  patriotic  societies  and  civic 
organizations:  and  is  now  national  sec 
retary  of  the  United  States  Volunteer  As 
sociation. 

LOCKE,  JAMES  DE  WITT  CLINTON, 

clergyman,  founder,  author,  was  born 
July  24,  1829,  in  New  York  City.  He  was 
educated  at  Mount  Pleasant  Academy;  in 
1849  graduated  from  Union  College  of 
Schenectady.  N.  Y.;  for  two  years  at 
tended  the  General  Theological  Semin 
ary  of  New  York  City;  and  subsequently 
received  the  degree  of  D.  D.  from  Racine 
College!  In  1853  he  was  ordained  to  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  ministry;  and  in 
1859-94  was  rector  of  Grace  Church  of 
Chicago,  111.  In  1894-1900  until  his  death 
he  was  dean  of  the  Chicago  Deanery. 
Diocese  of  Chicago.  In  1864  he  founded 
St.  Luke's  Hospital;  and' in  18HS  built  the 
present  Grace  Church  of  Chicago,  111. 
Since  1868  he  was  a  delegate  continu 
ously  to  the  general  conventions;  and  for 
over  twenty  years  was  Dean  of  the  North 
eastern  Deanery.  He  founded  St.  Philip's 
and  St.  Stephen's  churches  of  Chicago; 
and  was  a  prominent  factor  in  the  reli 
gious  affairs  of  his  denomination.  He 
was  the  author  of  The  Great  Western 
Schism ;  and  Five  Minute  Talks.  He  died 
Feb.  12,  1905,  at  Biloxi,  Miss.  His  wife, 
Mrs.  Adele  Gleim  Douthitt  Locke,  still 
resides  in  Chicago. 

LOWMAN.  JOHN  BODINE,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Nov.  19,  1874,  in  Johns 
town,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the  Chel 
tenham  Military  Academy;  and  in  IMi.", 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from 
the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  has  attained  success  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Johns 
town,  Pa.;  and  is  surgeon-in-charge  of  the 
Cambria  Hospital;  surgeon  to  the  Me 
morial  Hospital,  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
Company,  and  the  Lorain  Steel  Company; 
and  is  also  on  the  staff  of  the  Conemaiigh 
Valley  Memorial  Hospital.  He  is  Med 
ical  Examiner  for  the  Bankers.'  Manhat 
tan,  .Mutual  and  New  York  Life  Insurance 
Companies  of  New  York  City,  and  the 
Connecticut  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Com 
pany  of  Hartford,  Conn.  He  is  a  direct  o: 
in  the  Citizen's  National  Bank  and  the 
Johnstown  Telephone  Company.  Me  i.,  a 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Asso 
elation,  Medical  Society  state  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  the  Cambria  County  Medical 
Society;  and  prominently  identified  with 
the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city, 
county  and  state. 

MANWARING.  ALBERT  H..   electrical 

engineer,  was  born  Aug.  8.  1S!>9,  in  Mex 
ico,  Oswego  County,  N.  Y.  In  1&74  he 
moved  to  Cleveland,  Ohio;  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  at  Bryant  and 
Stratton's  Business  College.  In  1880  In- 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Brush  Electric 
Company,  and  was  assigm  d  10  take 
charge  of  the  construction  and  erection 
of  electrical  plants  for  the  East;  rn  agency 
at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1881  he  took 
charge  of  the  installation  and  n  modelling 
of  electric  ligh:  plains  for  tiie  Thomson 
Houston  Company  of  Philadelphia.  In 
1884  he  became  assistant  superintendent 
of  the  Brush  Electric  Light  Company  of 
Philadelphia;  general  superintendent  of 
the  electrical  department  in  1 S90 ;  and 
since  l.vi'.i  has  l)i  en  electrical  engineer 
for  tin  Philadelphia  Electric  Company, 
He  is  a  member  of  several  electrical  so 
cieties;  and  has  tilled  various  positions 
of  trust  and  honor. 


MARTINE.  GODFREY  R.,  physician. 
surgeon,  philanthropist,  was  horn  April 
27,  1837,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  His  education 
was  commenced  in  Troy,  N.  Y.;  and  later 
he  entered  th:1  Warrensburg  Academy. 
He  subsequently  inured  111-  HPMo  Nor 
mal  School  at  Albany,  wlure  he  received 
a  stale  teachi  r's  oertificato;  and  soon  be 
came  principal  of  Law renceburg  Acad 
emy.  In  18G2  he  giadur.ud  from  tae  med 
ical  d:>]  artnunt  of  the  University  of  Ver 
mont;  and  for  twenty  years  practiced  his 
profession  in  Warrensbtrg,  N.  Y.  Sincs> 
1882  he  has  practiced  in  Glens  Falls.  N. 
Y.;  and  in  1885  established  the  Glens 
Falls  Hospital.  In.  1879  he  was  elect  CM! 
a  member  of  tho  New  York  State  As 
sembly.  In  1878  he  established  the  Mar 
line  drug  store  at  North  Creek,  which 
is  still  in  existence.  He  has  ssrved  sev 
eral  terms  as  president  of  the  Warren 
County  Medical  Association;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  State  Tri-County  Medical  So 
ciety;  was  a  delegate  to  the  World's 
Medical  Congress;  and  lor  five  years  was. 
secretary  of  the  United  States  Board  of 
Pension  Examiners.  He  is  a  skilled'  phy 
sician;  and  cne  of  the  most  liberal  and 
public-spirited  citizens  of  Warren  County. 
McCLELLAN,  GEORGE  BRINTON, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  2G, 
18C4,  in  Warrensburg.  Mo.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Warrensburg,  Mo.;  at  Baxter 
Springs.  Kan.;  at  the  Gleasand  Academy 
of  Chicago, '111.;  and  in  1E9-1  graduated 
from  the  Northwestern  Medical  College 
cf  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  his  profession  in  the  state  of 
Kansas;  and  maintains  office s  in  Weir, 
Scammon,  Cherokee,  Mineral  and  Chick- 
opse,  Kan.  He  is  physician  and  surgeon 
for  all  the  coal  companies  in  his  district; 
and  medical  examiner  icr  the  New  York 
Life  and  other  old  line  companies,  and 
numerous  fraternal  insurance  companies. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  Kansas  State  and  S.  E.  Kan 
sas  District  Association,  and  various  fra 
ternal  organizations. 

McDERMITH,  SAMUEL  T..  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1848  in  Lan 
caster,  Ohio.  In  187G  he  graduated  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  University 
of.  Louisville;  subsequently  graduated 
from  the  Chicago  College  of  Ophthalmol 
ogy  and  Otology;  and  -then  took  a  post 
graduate  course  in  the  New  York  Med 
ical  School  and  Hospital.  For  many  years 
he  was  a  noted  railroad  surgeon;  and 
since  1895  he  has  been  supreme  physician 
and  medical  director  ol  the  Fraternal 
Union  of  America,  with  headquarters  at 
Denver.  Colo.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  the  Colo 
rado  State  Medical,  and  Denver  and  Ara- 
pahoe  Medical  Societies;  and  a  valued 
contributor  to  medical  literature. 

.VeGILL,  EARL  DUANE.  physician, 
surgeon,  legislator,  was  born  July  15, 
1873,  in  Grand  Blanc.  Mich.  He  was  odu- 
eal  d  at  the  Denver  Grammar  Schools. 
Denver  University,  and  Fast  Denver  High 
School;  and  graduated  in  medicine  from 
tin-  medical  department  of  Colorado  Uni- 
versiiy.  He  has  been  medical  inspector 
for  the  Colorado  State  Hoard  of  Health; 
health  officer  and  coroner  for  Yuma 
County;  assistant  health  officer  for  Ara- 
pahoe  County;  and  health  officer  of 
\Vray.  Colo.  He  organized  Company  M, 
Colorado  National  Guard,  and  was  made 
First  Li:  uttnant.  In  1901-02  he  was 
chairman  of  the  Republican  County  Cen 
tral  Committee.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  fourteenth  Gen- 


en:]  Asstmbly  of  Colorado;  and  was  a 
member  of  several  important  commit 
tees.  He  was  iiistninu  ntal  in  removing 
the  County  seat  of  Yuma  County  from 
Yuma  to  Wray.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  Eastern  Colorado  Medical  Associ 
ation;  and  is  medical  examiner  for  the 
New  York  Life,  Mutual  Life,  Phoenix, 
Germania.  Equitable,  Conservative  Life. 
Home  Life,  Fidelity  Life,  and  National 
Life  Insurance  Companies;  and  is  also 
medical  examiner  for  various  fraternal 
and  patriotic  organizations. 

MILLER,  JOSEPH  ABRAHAM,  clergy 
man,  physician,  lecturer,  was  born  Sept. 
o,  1829.  in  Toronto.  Canada.  He  was  ed 
ucated  at  the  Coburg  University  of  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  has  been  professor  of 
the  theory  and  practice  of  medicine;  and 
professor  of  medical  jurisprudence  at  the 
St.  Louis  Medical  College.  He  has  been 
correspondent  secretary  of  the  State  Med 
ical  Society  of  California  and  the  Foreign 
Missionary  Society.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  an  eminent  minister,  physician 
and  lecturer;  and  holds  the  degrees  of 
D.  D.,  M.  D.,  Ph.  G.,  and  M.  E.  He  is 
-now  a  resident  of  Brav/lsy,  San  Diego 
County.  Cal. 

MONTGOMERY.  THOMAS  McBUR- 
NE-Y,  conveyancer,  real  estate  broker, 
was  born  Nov.  2G,  1831,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  private  and  public  and 
Grammar  schools;  and  in  1S49  graduated 
from  the  Central  High  School  of  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  has  devoted  himself 
exclusively  to  the  profession  of  convey 
ancer  and  real  estate  law  in  the  firm  of 
I..ukc:is  and  Montgomery,  which  firm  con 
tinued  for  forty-seven  years  until  the 
death  of  Mr.  Lukens  in  1901;  and  since 
that  time  th?  business  has  been  con 
ducted  under  the  name  cf.  the  junior 
partner.  Thomas  M.  Montgomery.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  director  of  the  Ken 
sington  National  Bank;  and  is  now  a 
member  of  the  board  of  manageis  of 
the  Real  Estate,  Title  Insurance  and 
Trust  Company,  which  is  the  first  one  of 
these  companies  ever  organized  in  the 
United  States. 

MOONEY,  JOHN  H.,  export  accountant, 
public  official,  president,  was  born  in 
July.  1848.  in  New  York  City.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
and  under  private  tutors.  He  is  an  expert 
accountant  in  matter  of  examining  finan 
cial  condition  of  former  outlying  districts 
prior  to  becoming  part  of  Greater  New 
York;  and  is  now  secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Estimate  and  Apportionment,  controll 
ing  all  the  public  works  of  .New  York 
City.  He  has  been  commissioner  of  ac 
counts,  trustee  of  Brooklyn  Bridge,  and  a 
member  of  the  board  of  assessors  of 
N;  w  York  City.  He  has  been  appraiser 
e,f  ix  al  estate  for  the  state  of  New  York; 
and  secretary  board  of  public  improve 
ments  of  New  York  City.  For  several 
\iars  be  was  a  business  partner  of  the 
lale  John  K<  lly.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  Street  Railway  of  Niagara  Falls, 
Canada;  president  of  I'alvanera  Mining 
Company  oi1  Mexico;  and  treasurer  of  tit; 
United  Stalts  Bunkers'  Association. 

MOOT,  ADFLKERT,  law\(r.  stale  com 
missioner,  was  born  Nov.  22.  1854-  in 
Allen,  Alie.L-any  County,  N.  Y.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common,  high  and  State 
Normal  Schools;  and  in  187(i  graduated 
from  the  Albany  Law  School.  Since  1879 
he  has  been  in  the  active  practice  of  law 
at  Xunda  and  Buffalo,  X.  Y.;  and  is  now 


s(  nior  mi  mbi  r  of  the  law  firm  of  .Moot, 
Sprague.  lirownoll  and  Marey.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Unitarian  Confer 
ence  lor  the  Middle  Stan  s  and  Canada: 
and. is  now  one  of  five  commissione  i  s  to 
revise  and  consolidate  the  staiutis  of 
New  York  State. 

MUELLER,  C.  P..  physician,  si. 
was  born  Sept.  21,  1844,  in  Rheinis'.i 
Prussia,  Germany,  He  was  ed;: 
the  Colleges  of  Trier  and  Cologne  of 
Rheinish  Prussia;  and  at  Universitat 
Giessin  and  Bonn.  He  has  a  successful 
practice  in  Andrew,  Jackson  County. 
Iowa;  and  holds  consultation  in  any  lan 
guage,  making  chronic  diseases  a  sp;  - 
cialty.  He  is  a  member  of  several  med 
ical  societies;  and  has  filled  various  po 
sitions  of  trust  and  honor. 

MUIR,  JOHN  WALLINGFORD,  in 
surance  president,  was  born  March  3, 
1871,  in  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.  In 
1892  he-  graduated  from  Haverford  Co'- 
lege.  For  fiye  years  he  was  connected 
with  the  Fourth  Street  National  Bank  and 
the  Quaker  City  National  Bank  of  Phila 
delphia.  Pa.  In  1S97  he  founded  the  lin.i 
of  Haughton  and  Muir,  fire  and  general 
insurance  brokers  of  Philadelphia.  In 
1f:99  he  was  appointed  treasurer  for  the 
United  States  of  the  General  Accident  In 
surance  Company  cf  Philadelphia,  Pu.; 
and  is  also  treasurer  of  the  Uniti  d  Siat>  s 
office,  of  the.  General  Accident  Assurance 
Corporation  of  Perth,  Scotland.  He  i.-  a 
son  of  William  Muir,  vice-president  of 
the  Fire  Association  of  Philadelphia:  an.! 
a  grandson  of  John  Muir,  \vho  had  on 
the  first  fire  and  general  insiir;'.:ie:>  B 
cU's  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

MUIR,     WILLIAM     SAYv'TELL      insur 
ance  president,  was  born  May  i;    i;,i;i.  in 
Chicago,    111.;    and    is   a   son    of    William 
Muir,   vice-president   of  the   Fire    Associ 
ation    of    Philadelphia.      In    issti    lie    en 
tered    the    insurance    business    with    th 
Queen  Insurance  Comuany;   and  in 
entered  the  office  of  the  American    Fire 
Insurance  Company.     In  1800  he  was  ap 
pointed    special    agent    of    the    Delaware 
Insurance  Company  of  Philadelphia;   : 
in   1893  special  agent   of  the  Manchester 
Insurance  Company.     On  the  entrance  of 
the  General  Accident  Insurance  Company 
to    America    in    1899,    he    was    appointed 
cne  cf  the  United  States  managers;   anrl 
is  now  president  of  that  corporation,     li 
is  also  United  States  manager  of  the  Gen 
eral    Accident   Assurance   Corporation   of 
Perth,  Scotland. 

MUNSON.  THOMAS  VOLNEY,  edu 
cator,  business  man.  viticulturist.  was 
born  Sept.  2G,  1843,  near  Astoria,  Fulton 
County,  111.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools: 
attended  Fulton  Seminary  and  Bryan' 
and  Strattcn's  Business  College  of  Chi 
cago,  111.;  in  1870  gradual -,'d  with  the 
degree  of  B.  S.  from  the  Kentucky  Uni 
versity  of  Lexington;  and  in  1883  re 
ceived  th<.  degree  of  M.  Sc.  from  the  State 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  of 
Kentucky  for  his  thesis  on  Forests  and 
Trees  of  Texas.  -He  was  a  school  teach- 
•'iid  in  187(1-71  he  was  professor  of 
science  at  the  Kentucky  University;  for 
six  years  was  in  the  nr.rsery  business  at 
Liringtcn  and  Lincoln.  Neb.;  and  since 
then  iii  business  tor  hims;-if  as  nursery- 
mini  and  originator  of  new  fruits  at  Den- 
ison.  Texas.  In  1888  he  received  the 
diploma  and  decorations  of  the  Legion 
of  Honor  for  aid  to  France  in  viticultural 
matters.  He  has  been  school  trustee 


ADDKNDA. 


and  for  eight  >.  an  president  of  the  hoard 
of  the  city  of  Denison.  Texas;  in  1903-04 
•.vas  n  member  of  the  Texas  World's  Fair 
Commission;  iind  in  1902-113  was  chair 
man  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
Farmers'  Institute.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Academy  of  Political  and 
.-'ni-iai  Science;  and  has  filled  various 
positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

NAYLOR,  JAMES  BALL,  physician, 
author,  poet,  wits  born  Oct.  4,  1860.  in 
Morgan  County,  Ohio.  He  was  educated 
in  the  district  schools,  at  the  High  School 
of  Stockport,  Ohio;  and  at  Marietta  Col 
lege,  in  ISM;  he  graduated  with  the  de- 
oi  M.  I),  from  the  Starling  Medical 
Colh  gc  of  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  phvsician  and  author  of  Malta, 
Ohio;  and  has  attained  success  as  an 
<  nieriaiiif'r  in  various  cities.  He  is  the 
author  of  two  volumes  of  poems  entitled 
Current  Coins  and  Ooldenrod  and  This 
tledown;  and  his  novels  ar?  Ralph  Mar 
lowe;  The  Sign  of  the  Prophet;  and  In 
the  Diivs  of  St.  Clair. 

NICHOLS.  EDGAR  H.,  physician,  sur- 
gi  mi.  meilieal  essayist,  was  born  Dec.  2(i. 
I  Mil.  in  Savannah,  Ga.  In  1881  he  grad 
uated  from  the  Savannah  Medical  Col- 
hge;  in  1880-84  was  Acting  Assistant 
Surgeon  in  the  United  States  Marine 
Hospital  Ssrvlce;  and  was  also  physician 
to  the  consulate  of  Spain.  For  fifteen 
\tars  he  was  United  States  Pension  Ex 
aminer  for  Georgia;  and  in  1870-71  was 

ndant  at  the  Hotel  Dieu,  Paris.  He 
has  had  twenty-five  years  practice  as 
a  specialist  of  general  children's  prac- 
tic"  at  Savannah,  Ga.;  and  maintains  a 
•  ninplete  electric  and  X-ray  laboratory. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical 
and  scientific  societies  of  Europe  and 
America;  and  medical  examiner  for  the 
leading  life  and  fraternal  insurance  com 
panies.  He  is  a  well-known  medical  es 
sayist ;  and  his  contributions  have  been 
a  valuable  acquisition  to  medical  litera 
ture. 

NITZSCHE.  GEORGE  ERASMUS,  law- 
journalist,    iounder.   was    liorn   June 

s74.  in   Na/areth,   Pa.     He   was  edu- 

'I  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  Nazareth  and  Philadelphia,  {'a.;  and 
in  1S98  graduated  from  the  law  depart  - 
iiunt  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
with  the  degree  I.L.B.  In  189S-1903  he  was 
l;iirsar  and  registrar  in  the  law  deparl- 
ii'eni  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania; 
ihe  incorporate!'  of  the  Philadelphia 
!tt  scue  Home,  and  since  1898  its  director 
and  <  otinsi'1.  He  is  the  founder  and  ed 
itor  ol  <)l:l  Penn  and  University  Chron 
icle,  ofiicial  graduate  weeklies  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  f(  nnsylvania.  He  has  attained 
success  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Phila 
delphia.  Pa.;  edited  the  Law  School 
orial  Volume;  and  is  the  author  of 
numerous  articles,  reports  and  educa 
tional  statistics. 

NORTON.  WILLIAM  EDWARD,  artist, 

iii!  painter,  was  born  June  28.  1843, 
in  i;<<u:'i.  Mass.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Boston;  at  the 
Lowell  Institute  of  that  city;  and  in  the 
Ola  nt  Paris,  France.  He  has  at 
tained  not"  as  in  eminent  marine  paint 
er.  Jim)  maintains  a  studio  in  New  York 
City  He  is  a  regular  exhibitor  at  the 
Royal  Academy  of  London  and  otht  r  ex 
hibitions;  has  been  awarded  two  gold 
medals  in  America;  received  honorable 
mention  in  1835  at  the  Paris  Salon;  and 
in  ilniii  exhibited  at  the  Paris  Exposition. 
NORWOOD.  WILLIAM,  soldier,  law 
yi  r.  was  horn  April  15,  1843.  in  County 


Down,  Ireland.  He  was  educated  at 
Eaton  and  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1801-65 
he  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war;  and 
was  in  numerous  battles  and  skirmishes. 
In  1877-90  he  practiced  law  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio:  and  since  1890  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
He  has  filled  various  positions  of  trust 
and  honor;  iind  is  a  member  of  the  Union 
Veteran  League  and  other  patriotic  so 
cieties. 

OCKERSON,  JOHN  AUGUSTUS,  sold 
ier,  civil  engineer,  author,  was  born 
March  4,  1848,  in  Sweden.  His  early 
youth  was  spent  on  a  farm  in  Illinois: 
and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  entered 
the  federal  army  and  served  two  years 
during  the  Civil  war.  He  then  prepared 
himself  for  college;  and  in  1873  gradu 
ated  with  the  aegrees  of  B.  S.  and  C.  E. 
from  the  University  of  Illinois.  He  en 
gaged  in  engineering  practice  on  the 
construction  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and 
Santa  Fe  Railway;  on  the  Great  Lakes; 
at  the  Bads'  Jetties  at  the  Mouth  of  the 
Mississippi  River;  on  general  surveys 
and  improvements  of  the  Mississippi 
River;  and  construction  of  tramways  and 
the  development  of  mints  in  Colorado. 
Since  1898  he  has  been  United  States 
Commissioner  on  the  Improvement  of  tho 
Mississippi  River.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  International  Jury  of  Awards  at  the 
Paris  Exposition  of  19no;  was  United 
States  delegate  to  the  International  Con 
gress  of  Navigation;  and  received  a  dec 
oration  from  the  French  Government  for 
his  services  as  United  States  delegate  to 
the  International  Congress  of  Merchant 
Marine  held  in  Paris  in  1900.  In  1904 
he  was  chief  of  the  Department  of  Lib 
eral  Arts  at  the  Louisainn  Purchase  Ex 
position  held  in  St.  Louis,  of  which  city 
he  has  been  a  distinguished  resident  for 
over  twenty  years. 

OR.VROD.  GEORGE.  manufacturer, 
railway  president,  was  born  in  July.  1839, 
in  Preston,  Lancashire,  England.  He  was 
educated  in  private  schoo's  and  at  the 
School  of  Design  of  Manchester,  England. 
In  1859  he  came  to  the  United  States  on 
a  visit  to  his  uncle.  William  Donaldson, 
proprietor  of  a  large  anthracite  colliery 
at  Tamaqua,  Pa.  In  1861-79  he  was  pro 
prietor  of  anthracite  collieries  at  Tama 
qua  and  Raven  Run,  Pa.;  and  since  1883 
has  been  manager,  treasurer  and  director 
in  the  Donaldson  Iron  Company;  and  also 
since  1897  vice-president  of  the  Lehigh 
Portland  Cement  Company  of  Allentown, 
Pa.  He  is  also  president  of  the  White 
Hall  Street  Railway  Company  of  Egypt, 
I^ehigh  County,  Pa.;  and  prominently 
identified  with  various  other  business  en 
terprises.  In  1901-04  he  was  president  • 
of  the  Livingston  Club  of  Allentown,  Pa.: 
and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of 
trust  and  honor. 

PARKER.  JOHN  HENRY,  teacher,  law 
yer,  army  officer,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
19.  1866,  near  Tipton,  Moniteau  County, 
Mo.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools;  for  two 
terms  attended  a  private  academy;  and 
in  1892  graduated  trom  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  of  West  Point.  N.  Y. 
In  1S96  he  was  admitted  to  the  Missouri 
bar.  In  1898  during  the  Spanish-Ameri 
can  War  he  commanded  the  Galling  Gun 
Battery  at  Santiago,  Cuba;  and  was  rec 
ommended  for  a  medal  of  honor  for  gal 
lantry  in  action.  He  is  an  honorable  mem 
ber  of  Roosevelt's  Rough  Riders'  Associ 
ation.  In  1899-1901  he  served  as  major 
in  the  Thirty-ninth  Infantry,  United 
States  Volunteers  in  the  Philippines;  and 
was  assistant  to  the  chief  Judge  Advo 


cate.  Since  1901  he  has  been  captain  in 
the  Twenty-eighth  Infantry,  United 
States  Army.  He  is  the  inventor  of 
Parker's  Machine  Gun  Carriage  and  Am 
munition  Cart,  and  a  system  of  regi 
mental  machine  gun  organization.  He  is 
the  author  of  Catlings  at  Santiago;  Tac 
tical  Organization  and  Uses  of  Machine 
Guns  in  the  Field;  and  numerous  maga 
zine  articles  on  military  topics. 

PECK.  GEORGE  BACHELER,  soldier, 
physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
12,  U43,  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  the  house 
where  he  still  lives  and  which  was  built 
by  his  grandfather  over  one  hundred 
years  ago.  He  was  educated  in  the  Prov 
idence  public  schools;  attended  Brown 
University,  Hahnemann  Medical  College, 
and  Yale  Medical  School;  and  has  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  A.  M.  and  D.  D. 
In  1864-65.  he  was  lieutenant  in  the  Sec 
ond  Regiment  of  the  Rhode  Island  Volun 
teers;  and  in  1869-71  was  Major  in  the 
Providence  Marine  Corps  of  Artillery. 
In  1872-74  he  was  assistant  chemist  in 
the  United  States  Naval  Torpedo  station: 
and  in  1875  he  was  adjutant  Marine  Ar 
tillery.  Veteran  Association.  In  1876-79 
he  was  surgeon  to  the  Battalion  Light 
Artillery;  and  in  1891-96  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Providence  School  Committee, 
in  1892-96  he  was  president  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Historical 
Society.  For  twenty-three  years  he  was 
clerk  of  the  Narragansett  Baptist  Asso 
ciation;  was  its  moderator  in  1889;  and 
in  1870  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
the  Rhode  Island  Baptist  State  Conven 
tion.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Rhode 
Is'and  Homoeopathic  Society;  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  leading  Homoeopathic  socie 
ties;  and  past  medical  director  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Department 
of  Rhode  Island.  He  is  editor  of  the  His 
tory  of  the  Seventh  Regiment  Rhode  Is 
land  Volunteers;  and  the  author  of  num 
erous  medical,  military  and  religious 
pamphlets  and  contributions  to  medical 
and  daily  journals. 

PHILLIPS,  EDWIN,  physician,  sur 
geon,  professor  of  Gynaecology,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  18^3,  in  Tinmouth,  Vt.-  He  re 
ceived  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
and  at  Oberlin,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  grad 
uated  from  the  department  of  medicine 
and  surgery  at  the  University  of  Michi 
gan;  and  in  1866  from  the  College  of  Phy 
sicians  and  burgeons  in  the  City  of  New 
York.  He  has  teen  professor  of  Qyi 
colpgy  at.  the  Minneapolis  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Hamline  Uni 
versity;  and  has  a  large  and  successful 
practice  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.  He  is  a 
msml:er  of  the  leading  medical  and  sci. 
eniific  societies  of  America,  and  lias 
filled  numerous  positions  of  trust  iind 
honor. 

PICKARD,  JOHN  KYKR1TT.  physician. 
surgeon,  was  born  July  14.  is.'.ii.  in 
Thamesville,  Ontario,  Canada.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Toronto  School  of  Med 
icine,  graduating  wiih  the  degree  of  M. 
D.  in  1885  from  t!i  University  ot  Vic 
toria,  College  of  Colmm.  Ontario  Can 
ada.  In  1885  he  wits  a  membi  r  ol  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Hiirgi  ons  of 
Ontario  at  Toronto,  Canada;  and  now 
has  a  large  practic<  in  Virginia  City. 
Nevada.  He  has  In  en  \>i\  sidcnt  of  the 
Nevada  State  Medical  Soci:i\;  and  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Medical  As.-'oci 
ation  and  othtr  nndical  societies.  He  is 
medical  examiner  for  the  Gc  rmania  Life 
Insurance  Company  and  of  the  Aneien1. 
Order  of  I'tiiteil  WorU n,  lit  sides  vari 
ous  other  companies  and  fraternal  orders. 


.\1>I  'KXOA. 


PINKERTON,  WILLIAM  ALLAN,  prin 
cipal  and  manager  Western  Division  of 
Finkerton's  National  Detective  Agency, 
was  born  April  7,  1846,  in  Dundee,  Kane 
County,  111.,  and  is  a  son  of  the  late  Allan 
P.  Pinkerton,  the  noted  detective.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Chicago,  111.;  at- 
t(  tided  Notre  Dame  College  of  Indiana; 
and  Bryant  and  Stratton's  Business  Col 
lege  of  Chicago,  111.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  secret  service  division  of  the  United 
States  Army  under  his  father,  Major 
Allan  Pinkerton;  and  served  throughout, 
the  Civil  war,  chiefly  in  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac.  He  then  entered  his  fath 
er's  office,  and  on  the  death  of  his  father 
in  1884  succeeded  to  the  business.  He 
has  never  been  employed  outside  of  Pink- 
erton's  National  Detective  Agency;  and 
is  now  one-half  owner  of  that  extensive 
agency,  the  other  half  being  owned  by 
Robert  A.  Pinkerton  of  New  York  City. 
He  is  now  principal  and  manager  of  the 
Western  Division  of  Pinkerton's  National 
Detective  Agency,  with  headquarters  al. 
Chicago,  111.  In  connection  with  his  busi 
ness  he  has  visited  all  parts  of  the 
world:  and  has  practically  made  two  trips 
around  the  world.  The  Agency  employs 
about  fifteen  hundred  people,  located  in 
every  state  of  the  Union,  and  in  all  the 
principal  cities  of  Europe. 

PORTER.  ROBERT  HENRY,  physician, 
surgeon,  medical  director,  was  born  Dec. 
1,  1844,  in  Glasgow,  Ky.  He  was  educated 
at  Urania  College  of  Glasgow.  Ky. ;  and 
in  1874  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati 
College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  Ohio. 
He  has  attained  success  in  his  profes 
sion  in  Chicago,  111.,  with  offices  at  the 
Vendome  Hotel.  He  is  medical  director 
for  Colony  of  Epileptic  and  Degenerate 
Children.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Ameri 
can  Medical  Association;  a  member  of 
the  National  Association  for  the  Study, 
Cara  and  Treatment  of  Epilepsy;  and  a 
member  of  the  Chicago  Medical  Society. 

POWELL,  WILLIAM  M.,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1862, 
in  Philadelphia.  Pa.  In  1880  he  graduated 
from  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Academy 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  in  1884  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  practice  of  medicine  at  At 
lantic  City,  N.  J.;  and  is  a  member  of  the 
L'hiladelphia  Pathological  Society,  Amer 
ican  Academy  of  Medicine  and  the  At 
lantic  City  Medical  Society.  He  is  the 
author  of  physiological  Action  of  Drugs; 
Essential  of  Diseases  ol  Children;  Med 
ical  Pocket  Formulary;  and  valuable  con 
tributions  to  medical  journals. 

PRAY,  JAMES  STURGIS,  educator, 
landscape  architect,  was  born  Feb.  2(i, 
1871,  in  Bostcn,  Mass.  In  1881-88  he  at 
tended  Chauncy-Hall  School  of  Boston, 
Mr.ss.  In  1891-98  attended  Harvard  Col 
lege.  Lawrence  Scientific  School,  Bussey 
Institution  and  Arnold  Arboretum.  He 
graduated  from  Harvard  University:  and 
for  several  years  was  instuctor  in  land 
scape-  archin  oture  in  that  institution.  He 
lias  been  secretary  of  the  Columbian  As 
sociation  since  its  foundation  in  1895; 
was  a  delegate  in  1898  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  National  Flower  Convention 
at  Asheville.  N.  C.;  and  has  been  chair 
man  on  forestry  and  roadside  improve 
ment  in  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural 
Society.  In  1889-90  and  1894-90  IIP  was 
with  B.  S.  Pray  and  Company,  merchants 
in  foreign  trade;  and  in  1894  visited  all 
the  principal  points  in  South  Africa.  For 
many  years  he  was  connected  with  Olin- 


sti'd  Brothers,  of  Brookline,  Mass.;  since 
1 9n:!  has  been  assistant  in  landscape  ar 
chitecture  at  Harvard  University;  and  is 
now  senior  member  of  Pray  and  Galla 
gher,  well-known  landscape  architects  of 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Italian  Garden. 

PRENTICE,  CHALMERS,  physician, 
surgeon,  author,  was  born  in  1852  in  Lon 
don,  England.  In  1872  he  graduated  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  University 
of  Wooster  at  Cleveland,  Ohio;  was  con 
nected  with  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons;  and  in  1872-75  was  sur 
geon  to  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railway. 
In  1871-72  he  was  connected  with  the 
United  States  Marine  Hospital.  In  1904 
05  he  was  professor  of  Latent  Brain 
Strain  at.  the  Western  College  of  Oph 
thalmology.  He  is  now  consulting  phy 
sician  for  the  eye  and  nervous  diseases 
with  offices  at  the  Auditorium  Hotel  of 
Ch.icaj.-o,  111.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Eye,  Mind,  Energy  and"  (Matter;  The 
Eye  in  Its  Relation  to  Health;  The  Eye 
and  the  Human  Power  House;  and  other 
works  on  kindred  subjects. 

PRINCE,  LEON  GUSHING,  educator, 
lecturer,  author,  was  born  May  15,  1875, 
in  Concord,  N.  H.  He  was  educated  at 
the  New  York  University,  Dickinson  Col 
lege  and  Dickinson  School  or  Law;  and 
has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  M.  and 
LL.  B.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Cumber 
land  County  bar;  and  since  1901  has  been 
professor  of  history  and  international  law 
at  Dickinson  College  of  Carlisle.  Pa.  He 
is  active  in  the  lecture  field,  his  most 
popular  lecture  being  The  Man  Who 
Dares.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Passing 
of  the  Declaration;  The  Monroe  Doctrine; 
and  various  other  magazine  articles,  ad 
dresses  and  lectures  on  popular  and  edu 
cational  themes. 

PUTNAM,  WARREN  EDWARD,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  May  6,  1857.  in 
Putnam,  Ontario,  Canada.  He  is  a  grad 
uate  of  the  Brantford  Collegiate  Insti 
tute;  and  in  1881  graduated'  from  the 
Homoeopathic  Hospital  College  of  Cleve 
land,  Ohio;  and  subsequently  took  post 
graduate  courses  at  St.  Thomas  Hospital 
of  London  and  at  Chicago,  111.  He  has 
attained  eminence  in  medicine  and  sur 
gery;  and  practices  his  profession  at 
Pennington.  Vt.  He  has  been  a  trustee 
of  Bennington,  president  of  Bennington. 
a  member  of  the  Bennington  Board  of 
Health,  a  member  of  the  executive  com 
mittee  of  the  Bennington  Board  of  Trade; 
and  now  fills  his  second  term  as  surgeon- 
general  of  Vermont.  He  is  Brigadier- 
General  of  the  Vermont  National  Guard; 
president  of  the  Bennington  Gas  Com 
pany;  nnd  has  filled  various  other  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoe 
opathy.  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of 
Northern  New  York,  Peekskill  Medical 
Society,  Vermont  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society.  Vermont  Sanitary  Association 
and  the  Hahnemann  Medical  Society  of 
Cleveland.  Ohio.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Grand  Armv  of  the  Republic  and  numer 
ous  patriotic  societies. 

RABE,  WILLIAM  LOUIS,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  May  s  1839  in  Steu- 
bi'iivilli'.  Ohio.  Hi'  was  educated  at  Rich 
mond  College;  in  IS;",!!  graduated  f'om  the 
Cleveland  Medical  College  of  Western 
Reserve  University;  and  in  1866  grad 
uated  from  the  Rush  Medical  College  and 
from  MeCnrmicl;  Th"ological  Seminary  of 
Chicago,  111.  For  several  years  he  was 
professor  of  Richmond  College;  and  is 


now  a  successful  physician  of  Dwignt,  111. 
He  is  surgton  of  the  I.  I.  S.  Railroad; 
and  Medical  Examiner  for  the  North 
western  Life  Association  of  America  and 
the  Danish  Brotherhood.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  and  North  Central 
Illinois  Medical  Association.  He  is  the 
author  of  Monographs  and  published  Ad 
dresses;  and  a  valued  contributor  to  med 
ical  journals. 

RANDOLPH,  LEWIS  VAN  SYCKLE 
FITZ,  banker,  financier,  railroad  presi 
dent,  poet,  was  born  May  1G,  1838,  in 
Somerville,  N.  J.  He  was  educated  in 
the  private  schools  of  Plainfleld  N.  J.; 
and  in  1854-63  was  employed  in  the 
American  Exchange  Bank  of  New  York 
City.  In  1863  he  entered  the  New  Jersey 
Militia;  and  was  in  the  emergency  cam 
paign  until  after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg. 
In  1864  he  was  private  secretary  to  the 
president  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
Company;  and  subsequently  until  1885 
was  assistant  treasurer  and  treasurer  of 
that  corporation.  Since  1886  he  has  been 
secretary  to  the  Samuel  J.  Tilden  Trust 
Corporation.  In  1894-1902  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Atlantic  Trust  Company;  and 
at  the  same  time  was  also  president  of 
the  Atlantic  Safe  Deposit  Company.  He 
has  been  president  of  various  railroad 
companies  in  South  Carolina  and  Western 
New  York;  president  of  the  Illinois  and 
Iowa  Fuel  Company;  and  since  1903  has 
been  president  of  the  Consolidated  Stock 
and  Petroleum  Exchange  of  New  York 
City.  He  is  a  director  in  many  large 
corporations;  a  trustee  of  several  large 
estates;  and  for  six  years  was  treasurer 
of  the  New  York  Zoological  Society.  In 
1881-82  he  was  mayor  of  Plainfield,  N.  J.: 
has  been  post-commander  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  ths  Republic;  and  has  filled 
numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  Ha  is  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  poems  entitled  Survivals. 

RENO.  JESSE  WILFORD,  mining  en 
gineer,  manufacturer,  inventor,  was  born 
Aug.  4,  18C1,  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan 
sas.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  Media,  Pa.;  in  1883  gradu 
ated  from  Lehigh  University;  took  spec 
ial  studies  as  mining  engineer;  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Metal 
lurgy  from  Lehigh  University.  In  1885- 
90  hie  was  engaged  in  mining  metallurgy 
in  Colorado;  and  in  1890-91  was  electri 
cal  railway  expert  for  the  Thomson- 
Houston  Company  and  the  Edison  Com 
pany.  In  1892  he  invented  the  inclined 
I'li'vator  or  moving  stairway;  and  since 
1895  has  been  president  of  the  Reno  In 
clined  Elevator  Company  of  New  York 
City.  He  is  a  son  of  Major-Gen.  Jesse 
L.  Reno  of  the  United  States  army;  and 
is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Seventh 
Army  Corps,  Roanoke  Association. 

RISING.  WILLARI)  BRADLEY,  edu 
cator,  prot'rssor  of  chemistry,  scientist, 
was  born  Sept.  26.  1839,  in  Mecklenburg, 
X.  Y.  In  1864  he  graduated  from  Hamil 
ton  College,  N.  Y.;  in  1867  received  the 
ili'u'n  i>  of  M.  E.  from  the  University  of 
Michigan:  and  in  1871  ivc- ived  the  de 
gree  of  1'h.  D.  from  Heidelberg  Univer 
sity.  For  several  years  he  was  instructor 
in  Chemistry  at  the  Michigan  University. 
In  1866-67  he  was  instructor  in  Chemistry 
at  the  University  of  California:  in  1867  69 
was  professor  of  natural  sciences;  and 
since  1872  has  been  professor  of  chemistry 
in  the  same  institution.  Since  1885  he  has 
been  state  analyst  of  California;  also 
advisor  and  chemist  to  the  state  board  of 
viticulture  commissioners  and  stat"  bnanl 


xii 


of  1.  :cl  consulting  dr.  mist  to  im 

portant    manufacturing   establishments   in 
te.i  nia.        His     specialty     is     thermal 
chemisty;   and  he  has  made  a  number  of 
in!port:i:n   discenerie  s.     In  1893  he  was  a 
UK  niiu  r    of    the    jury    of    awards    at    the 
\V(. fid's    Columbian    Exposition;     was    a 
uiemlicr    of    the   jury    of   awards    at    the 
Is    Imposition    in    1900;    and    in    1903 
f  of  the  Assay  Commission 
!lad(  Iphia.   Fa. 

ROEHRIG.   FREDERIC   LOUIS  OTTO, 
c  lint.aicr,    philologist,    author,    was    born 
.lime  in.  1819,  in  Halle,  Prussia.    He  grad- 
(1   Irom   the    Universities     of     Halle, 
and  Paris;  studied  at  the  Medical 
School   of   Fdris;    and   has   received   the 
ees  of  A.   M..   Ph.   D.  and   M.   D.     In 
'    he    was   attached    to    the    Prussian 
•.assy  at   Constantinople;   in  1849  pro- 
or   at    the    College   Beziers,    France; 
and  in  1851  lecturer  at  the  Royal  Oriental 
Academy   of    Paris.     In    1SG1-G7    he    was 
acting   assistant    surgeon    in   the.   United 
States   Army;    in    1869-85    was    professor 
of  Sanskrit  and     modern     oriental     lan 
guages   at    Cornell    University;    in    1880 
filled  the  same  c^.nir  at  th'e  University  of 
tlurn  California;  in  1895  became  lee 
s'  on  Semitic  languages  and  oriental 
i  logy  at  the  Leland  Stanford  Uuiver- 
:   and  finally  lecturer  at  Los  Angeles 
Conservatory  of  Music  and   Art.     He  is 
the  author  of  books  in  many  languages; 
and   composer   of   numerous    piano   coni- 
ion.s. 

ROOK,  CHARLES  ALEXANDER,  jour- 
t.  publish*  r,  president,  was  born  Aug. 
11.   1801.  in  Fittslmrg,  Pa.;  and  la  a  son 
of    the    late    Alexander    \V.    Rook,    part 
owner  cf  the  Pittsburg  Dispatch.     Upon 
the  death  of  his  father  in  1880.  Charles 
under  Rook  entered  the  off.cu  of  the' 
1'iitsburg  Dispatch,  and  became:  collector, 
advertising  clerk,  circulation  bookkeeper 
and  cashier.    In  18£8  he  was  elected  sec 
retary;    became   treasurer   and    business 
•  e.ger  in  189G;  and  in  1902  secured  con 
trol  of  the  Dispatch  Publishing  Company, 
and  has  since  been  president  and  editor- 

liief  of  The  Pittsburg  Dispatch. 
SAMSON,    HARRY    O.,    business    man. 
dliector,  was  born  July  11.  1870,  in  Pitts 
burg.  Pa.    He  was  educated  in  the  public 
i.ols  of  his   native  city  and   the  Uni 
versity    of    Western    Pennsylvania.      He 
in   liis   business  career  in  1893;    and 
is  now  funeral   director  and   owner  and 
operator  of  a   ere  matory.     He   has   been 
a  t'rus:  <  e  of  Allegheny  College;  a  trustee 
ud  Methodist  Episcopal  Church; 
lit   of  Fittsburg     Free     Dispensary; 
and    tr<  asiu-er   of   the   Western    Pennsyl- 
vani  'Icon  League.     He  is  promi 

nently    id' milled   with   the   business   and 
public    affairs    of   Pittsburir.    Pa.;    and    a 
Known    member   of   the    Republican 
party, 

S\NI>i:il:'.    PALLAS,     lawyer,     public 

ollicial.  was  1  orn  Jan.  13,  1848.  in  Fnila- 

Va.    Pa.      For  three   years  he    was  a 

stuil.  .e     Tnivi  rslty    of    Western 

Pennsylvania;    e:,:diod    law    with    .Judge 

Qeorgi     M.    Dallas;    and    in    1S»'.9    was   ad- 

iiiiind  to  the  bar.     For  several  years  he 

was  ediior  of   the   Legal   InieMigencer  of 

Philadi  Iphia.    I   i.      la    isT^sl    lie  was  as- 

y  for  Philadelphia 

County.  I 'a  ;  in  |s^:'-sl  was  a  member  of 
the  Common  Councils  of  I'bi'.ad  Iphia; 
and  •  of  tie  survey  committee. 

He   ha  i    i ate  to  many  demo- 

|C  city  a:nl  stale  conventions;  in  lisil 

,1  national  delegate;  and  in  1887  was 

chairman.      In    1893   he      was     ap 


pointed,  practically  for  life,  by  the  Judges 
of  Philadelphia  County,  as  a  member  of 
the  board  of  city  tn:sts,  which  has 
charge  of  all  bequests  and  charities  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  especially  Gir- 
ard  College  and  Wills  Eye  Hospital. 

SCOTT,  JAMES  HUTCHISON,  naval 
officer  railroad  manager,  was  born  Feb. 
11,  1JCS,  in  East  Liberty,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
He  received  a  common  school  and  aca 
demic  education;  and  in  1884  entered  the 
Annapo'.is  Naval  Academy.  Ke  served  on 
merchant  vessels;  and  in  1890  graduated 
from  the  Cadet  School  of  the  Revenue 
Cutter  Service.  He  was  then  made  thire; 
lieutenant.  United  States  Steamship 
Wccdbury;  became  second  lieutenant  and 
executive  officer  in  command  of  the 
United  States  Revenue  Cu:ur  Service. 
In  1898  he  took  a  distinguished  par!  in 
the  battle  of  Cardenas  Bay,  Cuba;  and 
was  recommended  by  President  McKinley 
and  received  the  thanks  of  Congress  and 
medals  and  medallion  for  gallantry  dur 
ing  the  Spanish-American  War.  He  was 
navigator  on  the  United  States  Steam 
ship  Greshum  when  she  received  the 
Portuguese  bark  Fratcrnidada,  saving 
over  one  hundred  lives.  Subsequently  he? 
became  executive  officer  of  the  United 
Slates  Steamship  Perry;  and  in  1901  re 
signed  to  enter  the--  floating  equipment 
service  of  the  th^  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
Company. 

SCOTT.  JOHN  JOSEPH,  soldier,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1837, 
at  Scott's  Ferry.  Savannah  River,  Edge- 
field  District  S.  C.  He'  received  an  Eng 
lish  and  Latin  education;  and  in  185G 
graduated  from  the  Medical  College  of 
Georgia  at  Augusta.  In  1S57  he  was  ap 
pointed  surgeon  to  General  William  Wal 
ker's  Expedition  to  Nicarauga;  and  in 
1858  01  practiced  his  profession  in  Bos 
sier  Farish,  La.  During  the  Civil  war  ho 
was  in  the  Confederate  service;  and  in 
18(i2  was  made  acting-surgeon  of  the  Six 
teenth  Regiment  Louisiana  Volunteers. 
He  then  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier  and 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Farmington 
and  in  the  fight  at  Boonville-.  He  men 
again  became  assistant-surgeon;  and  sub 
sequently  until  18C5  he  was  assistant- 
surgeon  to  th?  Sixteenth  Texas  Regi 
ment.  In  1865-70  he  again  practiced  med 
icine  in  Bossier  Parish;  in  1870-72  in 
Minden;  in  1873-74  at  Benton;  and  since 
1874  at  Shreveport,  La.  Since  1877  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Shreveport 
Medical  Society;  has  been  its  vice-presi 
dent  for  three  terms;  and  in  1890  was 
its  president.  In  1890  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  State  Medical  Society;  since  1878 
has  been  a  member  of  the  •  Louisiana 
State  Medical  Society;  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Medico  Legal  Society  of  New  York. 
He  is  a  prominent  Mason  and  Knight  of 
Fythias;  and  medical  examiner  for  numer 
ous  patriotic,  fraternal  and  insurance  so 
cieties.  He  is  the  author  of  Monograph 
on  the  Indirect  Toxicclogical  Action  of 
Strychnia. 

SHiCA.  DANIEL  WILLIAM,  educator. 
-laior,  scientist,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
27,  1859.  in  Portsmouth.  N.  H.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Green- 
hind,  and  Brackett  Academy.  N.  H.;  and 
Harvard  University,  from  which  institu 
tion  he  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B. 
and  A.  M.  He  subsequi  in  ly  studied  in 
Mi  rlin.  and  in  1892  rceived  ibe  degree  of 
Fh.  I),  from  the  Kriedi  i  ich-Wiilu  Im's 
Cnheisity.  In  18Si;-ss  lie  was  a  member 
of  the  New  Hampshire  I  e^islainre  from 
Greenland.  In  INMI'.C'  h>  was  assistant 


in  physics  at  Harvard  I'nivi  rsity;  and  in 
1892-94  filled  the  same  chair  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  liiinois,  and  was  professor  of 
physics  in  that  institution  in  U94-95. 
Since  1895  he  has  been  professor  of 
physics  at  the  Catholic  University  of 
America  at  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1897- 
1903  he  was  general  secretary  of  the 
Catholic  University  of  America;  and  is 
a  member  of  the  American  1'hy: 
Society  and  other  scientific  associations. 
He  is  the  author  of  several  scientific 
works  in  German. 

SHSRTZER.  A.  TREGO,  naval  officer, 
physician,  surgeon,  genealogist,  author: 
was  born  May  16,  1844,  in  Lancaster 
County.  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Grin- 
ton  Academy  and  at  Belton  Academy; 
and  in  1869  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  from  the  school  of  medicine  in 
the  University  cf  Marylanei  a;  Baltimore. 
In  1SG2  he  entered  the  medical  corps 
of  the  United  States  Navy;  and  during 
the  Civil  War  was  in  the  South  Atlantic 
Squadron.  Later  he  was  fleet-surgeon 
in  the  United  States  Service  in  the  West 
indies  and  South  America:  and  in  1878 
resigned  to  take  charge  of  the  Govern 
ment  Hospital  for  Disabled  Veterans.  He 
has  a  successful  practice  in  Baltimore. 
Md.:  and  is  a  member  of  the  leading 
medical  and  scientific  societies  of  Amer 
ica.  He  is  the  author  of  The  History 
of  the  TIT  go  Family:  and  is  a  great  stu 
dent  in  genealogical  research. 

SIESS.  ISAAC  EDWAHD,  physician, 
surgeon,  banker,  was  bcrn  Aug.  30  1871. 
in  Vansura.  La.  In  1894  he  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  Med 
ical  department  of  Tulane  University 
of  New  Orleans,  La.  He  has  attained 
s-.-.ecess  in  his  profession  at  Winnfielel, 
la.;  and  is  surgeon  to  several  railroads 
and  to  the  Maryland  Casualty  Company: 
and  medical  examiner  for  the  Equitable 
and  New  York  Life  Insurance  Companies. 
He  has  been  vice-president  of  the  In 
ter-State  Medical  Association:  president 
of  the  Parish  Medical  Association;  parish 
coroner  and  alderman  for  the  town  of 
Winnfield,  L:i.  He  is  vice-president  of 
the  Winnfield  Bank;  and  prominently 
identified  with  the  business  and  public 
affairs  of  his  community. 

SIMS.  CHARLES  ABERCROMBIE    civ 
il  engineer,  railroad  contractor,  was  born 
June  5.  1866,  near  Memphis,  Tenn.     He 
was  resident  engineer  in  charge  of  build, 
ing    fie    Pennsylvania    Railroaii 
arch   bridge   over   the   Conernaimh    I'i 
trat   stootl  the  Johnstown   llo.-p-i    c,f   1889. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Cha 
A.   SlntR  and   Company,  contractors,   who 
built     the    stone    arch     bridge    over    the 
Delaware   River  for     th;-      Pennsylvania 
Railroad  at  Trenton,  N.  .1.     He  is  a  IM 
fiv'l     e>ngipper    and    railroad     conn  actor 
of  Phi'adelphia,  Pa.;   nnd   identified   with 
the    business    and    public    affairs    of    his 
city  and  state. 

SLOAN.  JO  MX  KAXIlOI.I'll.  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  horn  Jan.  1V  '.sr>1.  in 
Green  County  Ind.  He  was  educated  al 

•-•n.    111.;    and    in     1S91    gradu:- 
with  th"  degree  of  M.  I),  from  the  Kansas 
City     .Medical     Col!<  ge,     Mo.       He    is    a 
]     n!i.\  sician      and      surgeon      of 
Stanle>,    Johnson     County.    Kansas;     and 
medical  examiner  for  lac   .V  \.    York    Lit' 
Insinanco    Company    anil    .Modern    Wood- 
men    of    America.       Hi 

originally    from     Scotland    and     first     set 
tled  in  Virginia,    in  L818  his  grandfather 

purchased    a    large    tract    of    Ian  I    on    In 
dian    Creek.    Ind. 


A  in  >:-:NI>A. 


SMITH.  CMARLKS  ALFHONSO,  edu- 
cator,  author,  was  born  May  28,  18ii4,  in 
Greensboro,  N.  C.  In  1884  he  graduated 
from  Davidson  College  of  North  Caro 
lina,  and  subsequently  received  the  de 
gree  or  A.  M.  from  that  institution;  and 
in  1893  received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D. 
from  Johns  Hopkins  University.  He  also 
studied  in  the  Universities  of  Paris  and 
Berlin.  In  1893-1902  he  was  professor 
of  English  language  and  literature  at 
the  Louisville  State  University ;  and 
•  since  1902  has  been  professor  of  the  Eng 
lish  language  and  Dean  of  the  gradu 
ate  department  in  the  University  of 
North  Carolina.  In  1897-99  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Modern  Language  Associa 
tion  of  America,  Central  Division.  He 
is  the  author  of  Repetition  and  Paral 
lelism  in  English  Verse;  Old  English 
Grammar  and  Exercise  Book;  Element 
ary  English  Grammar;  and  other  works. 

SMITH  EUGENE  RILEY,  physician, 
furgeon.  was  born  Oct.  4,  1851,  in  Fagun- 
dus,  Forest  County,  Pa.  He  was  educat 
ed  at  Knox  College  and  at  Westfleld  Col 
lege  of  Illinois;  and  received  the  degree 
01  M.  S.  from  Western  College,  Iowa.  In 
187fi  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M. 
D.  from  Rush  Medical  College  of  Chica 
go,  111.;  and  subsequently  took  post-grad- 
uale  courses  at  the  Chicago  Medical 
School,  Chicago  Ophthalmic  College,  Chi 
cago  Policlinic  and  other  institutions.  He 
has  been  lecturer  on  physiology  and  hy 
giene  at  Western  College;  has  attained 
prominence  as  an  eminent  physician  and 
surgeon  of  Toledo,  Iowa;  and  is  surgeon 
find  director  to  the  Home  Medical  and 
Surgical  Infirmary  of  Toledo,  Iowa.  He 
has  been  examining  physician-surgeon  to 
the  fourty-ninth  regiment  Iowa  Volunteer 
Infantry:  surgeon  to  several  railroads 
and  insurance  companies;  and  United 
States  examining  surgeon.  He  has  been 
vice-president  01  the  Iowa  Central  State 
Medical  Society;  holds  diplomas  from  a 
number  of  institutions;  and  is  a  member 
01  numerous  learned  societies.  For  a 
quarter  of  a  century  he  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  executive  committee  of  West 
ern  College;  tor  twenty  years  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  United 
Brethren  Churcn  and  twelve  years  of 
their  publishing  house  of  Dayton,  Ohio; 
and  has  filled  numerous  other  positions 
of  trust  and  honor. 

SMITH,  HAROLD  BABBITT,  educator, 
electrical  engineer,  author,  was  born 
May  23,  1869.  in  Barre,  Mass.  In  1891 
he  graduated  from  Cornell  University 
with  the  degree  of  M.  E.  In  1892  he 
was  professor  of  electrical  engineering 
at  the  Arkansas  State  University;  and 
in  1893-96  filled  the  same  chair  at  Purdue 
University.  Since  1893  he  lias  been  con 
sulting  electrical  engineer;  and  since 
1896  professor  of  electrical  engineering 
and  director  of  the  electrical  engineer 
ing  department  at  Worcester  Polytech 
nic  Institute.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
leading  mechanical  and  electrical  en 
gineering  societies  of  Europe  and  Amer 
ica.  He  is  the  author  of  about  forty 
Monographs  and  contributions  to  scien 
tific  publications. 

SMITH,  THOMAS  HARDY,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  July  26,  1855,  in  Nor 
folk.  Va.  In  1882  he  graduated  from  the 
St.  Louis  Medical  College;  and  for  sev 
eral  years  was  professor  at  Beaumont 
Hospital  Medical  College  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  He  has  a  successful  practice  in 
Pomona,  Cal.;  has  been  secretary  of  the 
Pomona  Board  of  Health;  and  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  the  business 


and  public  affairs  of  his  city.  He  is 
surgeon  to  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad; 
and  medical  examiner  for  the  Metropoli 
tan,  Mutual  Life,  Equitable  Life  and 
various  other  Life  Insurance  Companies. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Pomona 
Valley  Medical  Association;  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Southern  California  Medical 
Society;  and  is  a  member  of  numerous 
other  medical  and  scientific  associations. 

SMITHWICK,  JOHN  WASHINGTON 
PEARCE,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  19,  1870,  in  Bertie  County,  N. 
C.  He  was  educated  at .  the  Trinity 
College  and  the  University  of  North 
Carolina;  and  in  1895  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  University  of 
Maryland  School  of  Medicine.  In  1894- 
95  he  was  clinical  assistant  in  the  Uni 
versity  Hospital  of  Baltimore,  Md.  He 
has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  La  Grange,  N.  C.;  has 
been  health  officer  of  his  city;  and  editor 
of  the  Southern  Medical  Journal.  In  1904 
ho  was  a  member  of  the  Council  Amer 
ican  Congress  Tuberculosis  for  the  State 
of  North  Carolina;  and  in  1905  was  hon 
orary  vice-president.  He  is  a  member 
of  Lenoir  County  and  North  Carolina 
State  Medical  Societies;  a  member  of 
the  Seaboard  Medical  Association;  the 
Medico-Legal  Society  of  New  York;  and 
other  medical  and  scientific  associations. 
He  is  a  medical  examiner  for  the  Mutual 
Benefit  Life  Insurance  Society;  and  for 
the  Phoenix.  National,  Aetna,  Massa 
chusetts  Mutual,  Providence  Savings  and 
Washington  Insurance  Companies.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Young  Mountaineer; 
One  Convicted — Two  Imprisoned;  The 
Passing  of  the  Negro  Race;  The  Fad  of 
Christian  Science;  and  other  papers  on 
scientific  and  .literary  subjects. 

SOPER,  JOHN  HARRIS,  sokfier,  mer 
chant,  president,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1846. 
in  Plymouth,  England.  In  1852-57  he  at 
tended  the  public  schools  of  Chicago,  111.; 
and  in  1857-61  attended  the  Normal 
School  of  Bloomington.  111.  In  1863-84 
he  was  a  miner,  prospector,  farmer  and 
plantation  manager;  and  was  a  justice 
of  the  peace  and  notary  public  in  Cali 
fornia.  In  1884-86  and  188890  he  was 
marshal  of  the  Hawiian  Kingdom;  iu 
1893  was  commander-in-chief  of  the  mil 
itary  forces  of  Hawaii;  and  since  1894 
has  been  adjutant-general  and  chief  of 
staff  in  the  National  Guard  of  Hawaii. 
He  is  a  successful  merchant  of  Honolulu, 
and  president  of  the  Hawaiian  News 
Company,  Limited. 

SPENCER,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  29. 
1852,  in  Lowndes  County,  Ala.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Mississippi  College, 
Union  University  of  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. ; 
and  in  1874  graduated  in  medicine  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  University 
of  Louisville.  In  187476  he  practiced 
his  profession  in  Fulton,  Ky.;  and  since 
that  time  has  practiced  in  Weston.  Collin 
County.  Texas.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  and  North  Texas  Med 
ical  Associations;  and  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Collin  County  Medical  So 
ciety.  He  is  medical  examiner  for  the 
Mutual  Life,  Equitable,  New  York  Life, 
Prudential,  Fidelity  Mutual,  and  Manhat 
tan  and  Hartford  Life  Insurance  Com 
panies.  He  is  prominently  identified 
with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 
his  community;  and  has  fill  M  numerous 
positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

SPENCER,  MRS.  ALLA  HUBBARD. 
poet,  was  born  July  3,  I860,  in  Henry 


County.  Mo.  She  was  educated  in  the 
district  schools;  in  i,s7<;  matriculated  in 
Pritchett  Institute  of  Glasgow.  Mo.;  ami 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  l*Mi. 
In  1884  she  was  married  to  Dr.  B.  F. 
Spencer,  of  Weston,  Texas.  She  was  the 
author  of  various  essays  and  transla 
tions;  and  a  volume  of  poems  entitled 
A  Souvenir.  She  died  Dec.  1,  1889.  in 
Coilin  County,  Texas. 

SPILLMAN,  WILLIAM  JASPER,  agri 
culturist-specialist,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
23,  1863,  in  Lawrence  County,  Mo.  In  1880 
he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  B.  S.  from 
the  Missouri  State  University;  and  sub 
sequcntly  received  the  degree  of  M.  S. 
from  the  same  institution.  He  has  Ix  en 
professor  of  science  at  the  State  Normal 
School  of  Cape  Girardeau.  Mo.;  professor 
of  science  at  the  Vincennes  University 
of  Indiana;  and  professor  of  science  at 
the  State  Normal  School  of  Monmouth, 
Oregon.  In  1894-1902  he  was  professor 
of  Agriculture  of  Washington  State  Col 
lege.  Since  1902  he  has  been  Agrostol 
ogist  in  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  in  charge  of  grass  and  forage 
plant  investigations;  and  now  has  charge 
of  investigations  in  farm  practice.  He 
has  made  special  studies  in  heredity  of 
plants;  and  v.ns  the  discoverer  of  lien- 
dels  Law.  He  is  the  author  of  Quanti 
tative  Studies  on  Distribution  of  Parental 
Character  in  Hybrid  Offspring;  an  1  val 
liable  contributions  to  scientific  journals. 

STARK.  LOUIS  RAOUL,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  June  4.  1841,  in  Tot- 
ness,  Richland  County,  S.  C.  He  was  ed 
ucated  at  the  South  Carolina  Military 
Academy;  and  in  1867  graduated  from  tin- 
New  Orleans  School  of  Medicine,  La.  For 
many  years  he  was  professor  of  Gynae 
cology  in  the  medical  department  of  the 
Arkansas  University  at  Little  Rock.  He 
has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of 
medicine  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.;  and  is  # 
member  of  the  Arkansas  and  Little  Rock 
Medical  Societies;  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association;  and  a 
member  of  various  other  medical  and 
scientific  societies. 

STEIN,  JOHN  PHILIP',  clergyman,  was 
born  June  11,  1836,  in  Annville.  Lebanon 
County,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Ann 
ville  Academy;  in  1861  graduated  from 
Franklin  and  Marshall  College  of  Lan 
caster,  Pa.,  from  which  institution  he  sub 
sequently  received  the  degrees  of  A.  M. 
and  D.  D.  In  1863  he  graduated  from 
the  Theological  Seminary  of  Mercers- 
burg,  Pa.;  and  in  1864  from  the  Union 
Theological  Seminary  of  New  York.  Since 
1864  he  has  been  in  the  ministry;  since 
1881  has  been  clerk  of  the  Eastern  Synod, 
and  since  1896  of  the  General  Synod  of 
the  Reformed  Church  of  the  United 
States.  Until  1898  he  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  visitors  of  the  Theological 
Seminary.  He  is  pastor  of  St.  Thomas 
Church  of  Reading.  Pa.;  and  a  contrib 
utor  to  religious  literature. 

STILES.  FRED  MERRITT,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1854,  in  West- 
brook.  Maine.  In  1890  he  graduated  from 
the  Medical  School  of  Maine.  Bowdoin 
College;  and  subsequently  took  post-grad 
uate  courses  at  the  University  of  New 
York  and  Harvard  University.  He  is  a 
successful  physician  and  surgeon  of  Wal- 
tham,  Mass.;  and  has  filled  several  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  medical 
examiner  for  the  New  England  Mutual, 
Worcester  State  Mutual,  Northwestern 
Mutual,  Security  Mutual,  Union  Central 
and  Berkshire  Life  Insurance  Compan- 


Xlv 


I  iKXDA. 


ies.  Hi  is  a  member  of  ilu  \\':iltliiun 
Merlical  Club;  Massachusetts  State  and 
Middlesex  Medical  Societies;  and  is  on 
the  staff  of  Ihe  \Vallhani  llospilal. 

THIRKIELD.    WILBUR    PATTERSON. 

clergyman,  college  president,  founder, 
was  horn  Sept.  i1."..  is.'.l.  in  Franklin. 
Ohio.  In  1876  he  graduated  from  the  Ohio 
\\Vsle\aii  University;  and  in  Issl  from 
the  Hoston  University  School  of  Theol 
ogy.  Since  1878  he  has  l>t  en  in  the  Meth 
odist  Episcopal  Ministry.  He  was  pres 
ident  and  founder  of  Gammon  Theo 
logical  Seminary,  of  Atlanta,  Ga.;  and 
raised  for  that  institution  over  one-half 
a  million  dollars  for  its  endowment  and 
equipment.  In  1899  he  was  elected  gen 
eral  secretary  of  the  Epworth  League: 
and  since  I '.mo  has  been  general  secre 
tary  of  tin  Kreedmen's  Aid  and  South 
ern  Education  Society,  with  headquarters 
at  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

THURBER,  CAROLINE,  artist,  portrait 
painter,  was  born  in  Oberlin.  Ohio.  She 
was  educated  in  Philadelphia,  Fa.;  and 
in  1X84  married  Dexter  TInirbcr  of  Prov- 
idi  nee.  U.  I.  In  1897  (is  she  completed 
her  art  studies  in  Paris  as  a  pupil  of 
Jean  laul  l.aurens  and  Benjamin  Con 
stant  ;  and  she  now  makes  a  specialty  of 
portraiture.  She  has  painted  portraits 
of  many  persons  of  distinction  in  Paris 
and  America;  and  she  has  exhibited  in 
the  Salon,  Royal  Academy,  New  Gallery, 
London,  and  other  foreign  exhibitions, 
as  well  as  those  in  America.  She  now 
has  a  studio  in  the  family  home  at  Bris 
tol.  R.  I. 

TILDEN,  DOUGLAS,  educator,  artist, 
sculptor,  was  born  May  1.  1860,  in  Chico, 
Hut tc  County,  cal.  From  the  result  of 
scarlet  fever  he  lost  his  hearing;  and 
studied  at  the  State  Institute  for  the  Deaf 
at  Berkeley.  Cal.  In  1S7!»  he  graduated 
from  that  institution;  and  in  187987  was 
there  <  imaged  in  teaching.  Since  1887 
!n  has  been  engaged  as  a  sculptor;  and 
in  1894-Hiuu  was  professor  of  sculpture  at 
Mark  Hopkins  Art  Institute.  University 
of  California.  In  1893  he  was  a  juror 
on  sculpture  at  the  Chicago  Exposition: 
and  in  I'.KHI  received  a  medal  at  th<  Paris 
Exposition.  His  principal  monuments  are 
Commemorating  the  Admission  of  Cali 
fornia  to  tin  Union:  Mechanics  of  San 
Francisco;  and  California  Volunteers  of 
the  Spanish  American  War. 

Til. I. SOX.  GEOKC.E  WILLIAM,  civil 
engineer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1852, 
in  Thomaston.  Maine.  In  1877  he  gradu 
ated  with  the  degree  of  C.  E.  from  Bow- 
doin  College.  In  1880  he  was  assistant 
engineer  in  charge  of  sewer  construc 
tion  at  Memphis.  Tenti.;  and  in  1880-81 
made  the  plans  and  constructed  the  sewer 
system  of  Kalama/.oo.  Mich.  In  1881-87 
he  was  in  charge  of  the  paving  and  sewer 
construction  of  Omaha,  Neb.;  and  was 
city  engineer  in  1XX792.  In  1895-1902 
he  was  assistant  engineer  in  charge  of 
paveim  nts  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  and  since 
I'.iui'  Iris  been  chief  engineer  Bureau  of 
Highways  for  the  Borough  of  Brooklyn, 
lie  is  i  lie  author  of  Street  Pavements  and 
Paving  Materials;  and  numerous  papers 
to  i  ngineering  periodicals 

TOTTEX.  CHAHLES  ADIEL  LEWIS. 
soldier,  educator,  inventor,  author,  was 
born  Fell.  ::.  IX.M.  in  New  Ixmdon.  Conn. 
In  i  raduated  from  Trinity  Col 

and    in    Ix?;;   from    West    Point    Mil 
itary  Academ>.     In    IsTJ  he  was  commis 
mlssioned  second  lieutenant  of  the  Fourth 
Artillery;  b<came  first  lieutenant  in  1874; 
and   in    1X7.".  7.x  was   professor  of  military 


science  and  tactics  at  the  Massachusetts 
Agricultural  College.  In  1878  he  served 
in  the  Bannock  war  and  the  Chiricahua 
campaign.  In  1883-86  he  was  professor 
of  military  science  and  tactics  at  the 
Cathedral  School  of  St.  Paul,  N.  Y.;  and 
in  1889  92  filled  the  same  chair  at  Yale. 
He  is  the  inventor  and  patentee  of  Strat- 
egos,  a  military  game;  and  also  various 
other  inventions.  Since  1892  he  has  de 
voted  his  attention  to  Biblical  invest! 
gallons.  He  is  the  author  of  Important 
Questions  in  Metrology;  Strategos;  Lost 
Israel  Found  in  the  Anglo-Saxons: 
Joshua's  Long  Day  and  the  Dial  of  Ahaz; 
The  Kings  Daughters;  and  The  Coming 
Crusade. 

TUTTLE,  ALEXANDER  HARRISON, 
clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb.  28, 
1844,  in  Bordentown,  N.  J.  He  graduated 
from  the  Wesleyan  University  of  Mid- 
dletown,  with  the  degree  of  A.  M.:  and 
in  1870  graduated  from  Drew  Theological 
Seminary  of  Madison.  N.  J.  He  received 
the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  from  Grant  Me 
morial  University;  and  the  degree  of  I). 
D.  from  Syracuse  University.  Since 
1869  he  has  been  a  clergyman  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church;  and  has 
held  several  pastorates  in  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania  and  Maryland.  He  has 
been  manager  of  the  Board  of  Missions 
in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church;  and 
a  trustee  of  Drew  Theological  Seminary. 
He  is  now  pastor  of  the  Methodist  Epis 
copal  Church  of  Summit.  N.  J.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Jew;  Analysis  of  Romans; 
and  The  Young  Man. 

ULRICH.  A.  STANLEY,  soldier,  law 
yer,  author,  poet,  was  born  March  31. 
183(1,  in  Annville.  Pa.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Pennsylvania  College;  and  in  1861 
graduated  from  Yale  College.  In  1862 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and  has 
since  practiced  his  profession  in  Leb 
anon,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  Civil  war 
in  Company  E,  Twenty-sixth  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  and  was  dis 
abled  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  He 
has  served  for  many  years  as  school  di 
rector  of  I>ebanon.  Pa.,  and  was  chairman 
of  the  finance  and  examining  committee 
of  the  High  School.  He  is  president  of 
the  American  Aid  Association;  has  fre 
quently  been  a  delegate  to  the  General 
Council  of  the  Lutheran  Theological  Sem 
inary:  and  since  1868  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Muhlen- 
berg  College.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
War  and  Its  Immediate  Results;  The 
Causes  of  National  Tribulations;  and 
various  prose  articles  and  poetical  con 
tributions  to  current  literature. 

VECKI.  VICTOR  G.,  physician,  stir 
geon,  author,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1857,  in 
Agram.  Croatia.  In  1863-75  he  studied 
in  Agram;  and  in  1875-81  attended  the 
Imperial  and  Royal  University  of  Vien-' 
na  receiving  from  that  institution  the  de 
gree  of  M.  D.  He  served  as  captain  and 
surgeon  in  the  Austrian-Hungarian  army; 
and  was  Royal  Croatian  sanitary  coun 
cillor.  He  has  attained  success  as  an 
eminent  physician  and  surgeon  of  San 
Francisco.  Cal.;  has  been  president  of 
the  German  Medical  Society  of  San  Fran 
cisco;  and  consulting  physician  to  the 
German  Hospital  of  that  city.  He  is  the 
author  of  Pathologic  und  Therapy  der 
Maennlich  Impotent:  Warum  Tolstoy 
Aerx.te  hasst  und  l.iebe  Verachtel;  Path- 
ology  and  Treatment  of  Sexual  Impo 
tence;  and  other  medical  works. 


VEDITZ.  CHARLES  WILLIAM  AUG 
USTUS,  educator,  sociologist,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  18,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  Philadel 
phia;  in  1891  graduated  from  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania  with  the  degree  of 
Ph.  B.;  in  1891-93  took  poet-graduate 
courses  at  Halle  University,  and  received 
from  that  institution  the  degrees  of  Ph. 
D.  and  A.  1.1.  He  then  studied  in  the 
Universities  of  Berlin,  Leip/.ig  and  Paris. 
He  has  been  protessor  of  history  and 
economics  at  Bates  College  of  Lewiston, 
Maine;  and  is  now  profesKor  of  econo 
mics  at  George  \V1ashington  University  of 
Washington,  D.  C.  Foj'  two  years  he  was 
general  secretary  of  the  University  Ex 
tension  Society  of  Maine;  and  is  the 
founder  of  the  American  Institute  of  So 
ciology.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Recent 
Development  of  American  Pottery:  His 
tory  of  the  American  Revolution;  and 
numerous  articles  on  economics  and  soci 
ology. 

WADDELL,  JOHN  ALEXANDER 
LOW,  consulting  engineer,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  15,  1854,  in  Fort  Hope.  Ontario, 
Canada.  He  was  educated  at  Trinity 
College  School;  in  1875  graduated  from 
Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute  with 
the  degree  of  C.  E.;  and  in  1882  received 
the  degrees  of  B.  S.  and  M.  E.  from  the 
McGill  University  of  Montreal.  In  1878 
80  he  was  assistant  professor  of  rational 
and  technical  mechanics  at  the  Renssel- 
aer  Polytechnic  Institute,  and  in  1882-8<> 
was  professor  of  civil  engineering  at  the 
Imperial  University  of  Japan.  He  has 
also  done  engineering  work  for  several 
railroads.  Since  1887  he  has  been  con 
suiting  bridge  engineer;  and  is  now 
senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Wtuldt  11  and 
Hedrick.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Designing  of  Ordinary 
Iron  Highway  Bridges;  A  System  of  Iron 
Railroad  Bridges  for  Japan;  De  Pontibus: 
and  Specifications  for  Steel  Bridges. 

V>'AIT,  IOHN  CASSAN.  soldier,  edu 
cator,  civil  engineer,  lawyer,  author,  was 
horn  June  4,  1860,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and 
at  Norwich  Academy;  graduated  from 
Cornell  University  with  the  degrees  of 
B.  C.  E.  and  M.  C.  E. ;  received  the  de 
gree  of  M.  S.  from  Norwich  University; 
and  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  from  Harvard 
Law  School.  In  1880  85  he  filled  various 
engineering  positions;  and  in  1885-94  was 
professor  of  mathematics,  chemistry. 
physics,  and  engineering  in  Harvard  Uni 
versity  and  other  institutions  of  learning. 
In  1893  95  he  was  associate-editor  of  the 
Railroad  Gazette;  and  in  1896-97  was  as 
sistant  engineer  of  the  Erie  Canal  Im 
provement.  Since  1897  he  has  been  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  New  Ydrk 
City;  and  has  been  assistant  corporation 
counsel.  He  is  the  author  of  Car  Build 
ers'  Dictionary;  Engineering  and  Archi 
tectural  Jurisprudence;  Law  of  Con 
tracts;  and  other  works. 

WAITE,  HERSCHEL  NAPOLEON, 
physician,  surgeon,  found'  r.  was  born 
Feb.  13,  1850,  in  Stowe,  Vt.  He  received 
his  early  education  in  the  High  School 
of  Stowe,  which  was  followed  by  a  busi 
ness  course  in  the  Bryant  and  Stratton 
Business  College  of  Burlington,  Vt.  In 
1870-71  he  served  as  salesman,  book 
keeper  and  accountant  in  Jacksonville. 
111.,  and  in  St.  Louis.  Mo.  In  1S72  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in 
Louisville,  Ky.;  in  1873-75  attended  med 
ical  lectures  in  Louisville  and  St.  I.ouis, 


ADDENDA. 


and  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  In  1876 
79  he  served  as  an  expert  accountant  and 
adjuster  in  New  York  City:  and  in  1880 
established  a  general  mercantile  house 
at  Clarion.  Iowa.  He  then  attended  a 
course  of  medical  lectures  in  New  York 
City;  in  1882  graduated  from  the  Eclectic 
Medical  College;  and  in  1882-89  was  en 
gaged  in  the  regular  practice  of  Medicine 
and  surgery  in  New  York  City.  In  1882 
he  organized  and  established  the  York 
ville  and  Harlem  Eclectic  Dispensary. 
Since  1889  he  has  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  .Johnson,  Vt.  In  1892-96  he  was 
president  of  the  Vermont  State  Eclectic 
Medical  Society;  and  is  A  member  of  the 
leading  medical  and  scientific  societies 
of  America.  He  was  the  founder  in  1895 
of  The  New  England  Eclectic  Medical 
Association;  and  was  chosen  its  presi 
dent.  He  is  prominent  in  the  Masonic 
Fraternity  and  other  fraternal  organiza 
tions;  and  has  filled  numerous  positions 
of  trust  and  honor. 

WALKER,  JAMES  BAYNES,  physi 
cian,  surgeon,  was  born  Dec.  15.  184B, 
in  Montgomery  County,  Pa.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Friends'  Central  School;  and 
-in  1872  graduated  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  In  1879-90  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  the  practice  of  medicine  at  the 
Woman's  Medical  College  of  Fennsylva 
nia.  In  1884-94  he  was  president  of  the 
Northern  Medical  Association;  in  1894 
was  also  president  of  the  American  Cli- 
matological  Association;  and  is  a  member 
of  the  leading  medical  and  scientific 
associations  of  America.  For  seventeen 
years  he  has  been  visiting  physician  to 
the  Philadelphia  Hospital;  for  eleven 
years  to  the  Woman's  Hospital ;  and  is 
now  visiting  physician  to  the  West  Phil 
adelphia  Hospital  for  Women  and  Chil 
dren. 

WANNER,  PETER  D.,  lawyer,  public 
official,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1840,  in  Kutz- 
town.  Pa.  In  1856  58  he  taught  school ; 
in  1859  he  entered  Union  Seminary  of 
New  Berlin,  Pa.;  in  1860  became  a  stu 
dent  and  teacher  in  F'airview  Seminary 
of  Kul /.town;  and  in  1862  entered  the 
Franklin  and  Marshall  College  of  Lan 
caster,  graduating  therefrom  in  1865. 
Since  1865  he  has  practiced  law  in  Read 
ing,  Fa.;  in  1871  he  was  elected  district 
attorney  for  Berks  County;  and  after  the 
expiration  of  his  term  he  became  county 
solicitor.  In  1878  he  was  a  candidate 
for  Congress  as  a  democrat.  For  many 
years  he  was  president  of  several  Iron 
Companies  and  quite  a  number  of  Water 
Companies;  but  since  1902  he  has  de 
voted  himself  entirely  to  law  practice. 

WASHBURN,  JED  L.,  lawyer,  public 
official,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1856,  in  Mont 
gomery  County,  Ind.  Since  1857  he  has 
resided  in  Minnesota;  and  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  that  State  and  a 
four  years'  academic  course.  In  1880  90 
he  practiced  law  in  Mankato.  Minn.;  and 
since  1890  in  Duluth,  Minn.  For  twenty- 
five  years  he  has  practiced  in  the  state 
and  federal  courts;  and  has  been  engaged 
in  the  trial  of  many  important  cases. 
He  is  concerned  in  numerous  financial 
enterprises;  and-  is  a  director  and  presi 
dent  of  several  corporations. 

WATSON,  HENRY  WINFIELD,  law 
yer,  railroad  president,  was  born  June 
24.  1856,  in  Bucks  County,  Pa.  He  was 
educated  in  private  schools  of  Phila 
delphia,  Fa.;  read  law  with  P.  Carroll 
Brewster;  and  in  1881  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  He  served  several  times  as 
state  and  congressional  delegate  to  re 


publican  conventions;  and  has  filled  vari 
ous  positions  of  honor.  In  1895-98  he 
was  president  of  the  Newton,  Langhorne 
and  Bristol  Strett  Railway  Company; 
and  for  a  number  of  years  was  president 
of  the  Langhorne  Library  Association.  In 
1900  he  was  appointed  receiver  of  the 
Washington  and  Potomac  Railway  Com 
pany.  He  is  now  president  of  the  Wash 
ington.  Potomac  and  Chesapeake  Rail 
road  Company;  director  of  the  Bucks 
County  Trust  Company;  director  of  the 
People's  National  Bank  of  Langhorne; 
and  a  prominent  factor  in  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of  his  state. 

WAY,  JOSEPH  HOWELL,  physician, 
surgeon,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1865,  in  Waco, 
Texas.  In  1884  he  attended  lectures  at 
the  Medical  College  of  Virginia;  in  1885 
was  licensed  by  the  North  Carolina  Board 
of  Examiners;  in  1886  graduated  from 
Vanderbilt  University;  and  in  1887  grad 
uated  from  the  University  of  Nashville. 
He  has  attained  success  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession;  and  has  always  been 
greatly  interested  in  organization  of  the 
profession.  He  has  been  consulting 
surgeon  to  the  Southern  Railroad;  and 
in  190002  was  secretary  and  treasurer  of 
the  North  Carolina  State  Board  of  Med 
ical  Examiners.  He  has  a  large  practice 
in  Waynesville,  N.  C.;  in  1895  was  first 
vice-president  of  the  North  Carolina  Med 
ical  Society;  and  for  ten  years  was  su 
perintendent  of  health  for  Haywood 
County,  in  1897-1902  he  was  a  member 
and  examiner  in  anatomy  to  the  North 
Carolina  State  Board  of  Medical  Exam 
iners:  is  medical  examiner  for  numerous 
insurance  and  fraternal  organizations; 
and  is  a  membe:'  of  the  leading  medical 
and  scientific  societies  of  America. 

WISE,  PETER  MANUEL,  consulting 
physician,  alienist,  author,  was  born 
March  7,  1851,  in  Clarence,  Erie  County, 
N.  Y.  He  was  educated  at  the  Parker 
Classical  Institute  of  Clarence,  N.  Y. ; 
and  in  1872  graduated  with  the  degree  o£ 
M.  D.  from  the  medical  department  of 
the  University  of  Buffalo.  He  was  then 
appointed  interne  at  the  St.  Louis  City 
Hospital;  and  in  188C  was  a  member  ot 
the  State  Commission  to  locate  and  de 
sign  the  State  Asylum  for  Northern  New 
York.  In  1884-90  he  was  medical  super 
intendent  of  the  Willard  State  Hospital; 
and  in  1890-96  was  medical  superinten 
dent  of  St.  Lawrence  State  Hospital.  In 
1891-95  he  was  professor  of  Psychiatry 
at  the  University  of  Vermont,  and  since 
1896  has  been  president  of  the  New  York 
State  Commission  of.  Lunacy.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  American  Medico- 
Psychological  Association,  president  of 
the  New  York  State  Medical  Society, 
president  Seneca  County  Medical  Soci 
ety  and  president  of  St.  Lawrence  Coun 
ty  Medical  Society.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  ninth  and  tenth  international  med 
ical  congresses.  He  is  the  author  of 
Text-^Jook  for  Training  Schools,  in  two 
volumes;  and  numerous  Monographs  and 
medical  and  Scientific  articles  and  an 
nual  reports  of  Willard  Asylum  and  St. 
Lawrence  State  Hospital. 

WOODS,  NEANDER  MONTGOMERY, 
soldier,  druggist,  lawyer,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1844,  in  Harrods- 
burg,  Ky.  He  was  educated  at  the  Ken 
tucky  University;  in  1867  graduated  from 
the  University  of  Michigan;  studied  law 
in  the  Washington  University  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.;  and  studied  divinity  at  the 
Union  Theological  Seminary  of  Virginia. 
In  1861-63  he  was  in  the  Confederate  Cav 
alry  Service;  became  a  druggist,  then  a 


lawyer;  and  since  1873  in  the  ministry 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Church.  He  is 
now  pastor  of  the  Second  Pn  sbyterian 
Church  of  Louisville.  Ky.;  in  1901  was 
moderator  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
his  church;  and  is  a  vice-president  of 
the  Presbyterian  Historical  Society.  He 
is  the  author  of  the  Woods-McAfee  Mem 
orial. 

WORTHINGTON,  GEORGE  HEBER, 
manufacturer,  president,  was  born  Feb. 
15,  1850,  in  Toronto,  Canada.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Upper  Canada  College  of 
Toronto.  He  began  his  career  in  a 
wholesale  grocery  house  in  Toronto;  and 
later  became  manager  for  his  fatner  as 
contractor  for  building  the  Southern  Cen 
tral  Railroad,  now  a  part  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  System.  He  then  entered  the 
stone  business;  in  1886  organized  The 
Cleveland  Stone  Company,  of  which  he 
is  now  president.  This  corporation  has  a 
capital  of  three  million  dollars,  and  con 
trols  fifty  quarries.  He  is  also  president, 
of  the  Perry-Mathews-tiuskirk  ytone 
Company,  the  Underwriters  Land  Com 
pany;  Bedford  Stone  Railroad  Company, 
and  Springsteen  Medicine  Company;  and 
is  vice-president  of  the  American  Chicle. 
Company.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Union 
National  Bank,  Guardian  Savings  and 
Trust  Company,  Interurban  Railway  and 
Terminal  Company,  American  Wash 
board  Company,  Chamberlain  Cartridges 
and  Target  Company,  and  the  Citizen's 
Savings'  and  Trust  Company  of  Cleve 
land,  Ohio.  He  is  a  thirty-two  degree 
mason;  Commodore  of  the  Cleveland 
Yacht  Club,  and  owner  of  the  Priscilla, 
cup  defender  in  1885. 

WORTMAN,  DENIS,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  poet,  was  born  April  30,  1835,  in. 
East  Fishkill,  N.  Y.  In  1857  he  gradu 
ated  from  Amherst;  in  1860  from  the 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America;  and  in  1870  received 
the  degree  of  D.  D.  from  Union  College 
of  'Schenectady,  is.  Y.  Since  1860  he  has 
filled  pastorates  in  the  Reformed  Church 
in  Brooklyn,  Philadelphia,  Schenectady, 
Fort  Plain  and  Saugerties;  and  since  1!I02 
has  been  in  charge  of  raising  contribu 
tions  for  the  Disabled  Ministers  Fund  of 
the  Reformed  Church  in  America.  In 
1901  he  was  president  of  the  General 
Synod  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America;  since  188,0  has  been  a  trustee 
of  Union  College;  and  has  filled  numer 
ous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 
He  is  the  author  of  Reliques  of  the  Christ, 
and  The  Divine  Processional,  poems  of 
great,  merit. 

WRIGHT,  WILLIAM,  A.,  physican  was 
born  May  9,  1857,  in  Spark  County,  111. 
He  was  educated  in  the  literary  and  med 
ical  departments  of  Chaddock  College  ot 
Quincy,  III.,  receiving  his  degree  of  M. 
D.  in  1888  from  the  school  of.  medicine  of 
that  institution  of  learning.  He  has  at 
tained  success  in  his  profession  at  Thay- 
er,  Iowa;  and  for  "four  years  was  Mayor 
of  his  city.  He  is  medical  examiner  for 
the  New  York  Life,  Mutual  Life,  Man 
hattan  Life,  Washington  Life  and  North 
western  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Compan 
ies;  and  medical  examiner  for  the  Mod 
ern  Woodmen  of  America  and  other  fra 
ternal  organizations.  He  is  a  member  ot 
the  American  Medical  Association,  Amer 
ican  Association  of  Life  Insurance  Exam 
ining  Surgeons,  the  Southwestern  Iowa 
Medical  Association,  Union  county  Med 
ical  Association  and  the  Iowa  State 
Medical  Association. 

WENZELL,  HENRY  BURLEIGH,  law 
yer,  supreme  court  reporter,  author,  was 
born  April  21,  1853,  in  Newton,  Mass.  In 


VDDENDA. 


1^7."  he  graduated  from  Harvard  College: 
die  1  in  Hi,-  l'nlv.'isiii<  s  of  l.ep/.ig  and 
(Joniim.  n :  an. I  in  ]vs.'  graduated  from 
Harvard  I. aw  School.  In  lss:l  he  began 
the  practice  of  law  in  Minnesota;  and 
since  1VC,  has  hecn  reporter  for  the  Su 
preme  Conn  of  Minn,  sola  at  St.  Paul. 
He  is  the  compiler,  of  the  General  Stat- 
I  of  Minnesota  for  1894,  in  two  vol- 
iinus;  and  of  i  ht,  .Minnesota  Reports, 
volumes  tin  s;  for  1VML19D2. 

\VII.KI\s.  .JOHN  A.,  soldier,  physician, 
snr.ueon.  stan.  senator,  was  born  May  1, 
isi:;.  in  x,.\v  York  City.  He  was  educat- 
i  Kenison  University;  and  graduated 
from  Stailnm  Medical  College  of  Colum 
bus.  Ohio  In  1861-65  he  served  in  the 
Ohio  Volunteers;  and  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re 
public,  in  ixsO-81  he  served  as  a  mem- 
!><T  of  the  Ohio  State  Senate;  and  has 
he,  n  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Elections 
and  the  Ohio  Board  of  Pardons.  In  1897 
In-  was  medical  director  for  the  de- 
paitiiiint  of  Ohio,  and  in  190(1  surgeon- 
-  tn  nil  of  the  Grand  Army  6f  the  Repub 
lic.  He  has  attained  success  in  medi 


cine  and  surgery  at  Delta,  Ohio;  and  is 
a  member  of  the  American  Medical  As 
sociation,  Ohio  State  Medical  Society  and 
various  other  organizations. 

WILSON,  H.  AUGUSTUS,  physician, 
orthopedic  surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  4. 
1853,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  ed 
ucated  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  his  native  city;  and  in  1879  graduated 
from  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  The  same  year  he  was  ap 
pointed  ophthalmic  surgeon  to  St.  Mary's 
Hospital:  and  in  1880  pathologist  to  the 
Presbyterian  Hospital.  In  1879-82  he  was 
lecturer  in  the  Philadelphia  School  of 
Anatomy;  in  ^1882  he  was  professor  of 
orthopedic  surgery  in  the  Philadelphia 
Polyclinic;  and  in  1897  became  emeri 
tus  professor  of  that  institution.  In  1891 
he  became  clinical  lecturer  on  orthopedic 
surgery  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College; 
was  clinical  professor  in  1892;  and  pro 
fessor  in  1904.  In  1890  he  became  con 
sulting  orthopedic  surgeon  to  Kensington 
Hospital  for  Women  and  to  the  Philadel 
phia  Lying-in  Cnarity.  In  1901  he  was 
president  of  the  American  Orthopedic  As 


sociation;  and  is  a  member  of  the  editor 
ial  committee  of  The  American  Journal 
of  Orthopedic  Surgery  of  Philadelphia 
Pa. 

WOLF,  DANIEL  MOSSER,  educator 
clergyman,  was  born  June  15,  1837,  in 
near  riublersburg,  Centre  County,  Pa. 
In  185.'!  he  began  teaching;  and  in  1863 
graduated  from  Franklin  and  Marshall 
College;  and  then  entered  the  Reformed 
Thto'ogical  Seminaiy  of  Mercersburg,  Pa. 
After  serving  as  principal  of  several  aca 
demies,  in  1868  he  was  elected  adjutant 
professor  of  mathematics  and  languages 
in  his  alma  mater.  .  In  1870  he  resigned 
to  accept  the  pastorate  of  the  Bellefonte 
and  several  adjacent  Reformed  Churches, 
In  1872-75  he  was  professor  of  ancient 
languages  in  his  college;  in  1875  took 
charge  of  the  Penn  Hall  Spring  Mills 
Academy;  and  in  1881  became  county  su 
perintendent  of  schools  of  Center  County, 
serving  three  terms.  In  1890  he  again 
took  up  his  favorite  work  of  teaching, 
and  in  1902  several  thousand  of  his  pupils 
and  friends  celebrated  thie  Golden  Jubi 
lee  of  his  educational  work. 


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